Eastern times. [volume] (Bath, Me.) 1846-1857, 1851-12-11

unul fprther experience shall have developed
the best policy 70 be ul,I#,sseIy adopted in re-
gard TO them. II is safer 20 suffer the ipcon-
venIences that now exist, for short period,
.eean, by premature legislation, 10 fas,en Oh
.ne country system founded in error, which
nay nay place the whols subjee, beyond the fu.
'u,r y, control Of Congress. si.'l.-
~ e ssscui'ural lands Should, however,
cu,veyea and brooght into market with
as n'''o "esy a. possible, that the titles NAV
oec"me se'ueo' and the irhs bitapts s,imu-
'ated 10 MAKE peimancntimprovemen and
enier on ii,e ordinary pursuits Of life. To
ehec' t'ese oe!ects, - desirable that the
necessary provision be made by Ian ~, -
establishment OF land. Offices In Cai;r,,..;s
and Oregon, and for the efficient proseem,;on
of The surveyors at an curly day.
MORMON DIFFICULTIES.
Some difficul;es have occurred in organ
zng The TerritoEisl governments of New
Mexico and Utah !; and, when more accurate
information shall he obrained Of The causes.
further communication will be made on
thai subject.
AGRICULTURAL syRExu.' 'tHit
In my last annual communication ia Con.
gress recommended the establishment Of
All Agricultural Bureau, and take this oc-
casion again TO invoke your favorite consid.
GRAFTON Of the subject.
Agriculture may justly bo regarded as the
great interest, Of our people. -Four. fifth. ut
our active population are employed in the
cultivation OF the soil. and the rapid expan-
sion Of our settlements over new territory is
daily adding to the number of those engaged
III thar vocation. Justice and sound poIicvt
therefore. alike require that the Government
should use oil the meuns authorized BY the
Constitution to promote the interests and
welfare ef that important class of our fellow
citizens. And yet it is singular fact that,
whilst manufacturing and commercial inler,
ests have engaged he attention Of Congress
during large portion Of every session, and
our statutes abound in protection and encour-
agement, little has yet been done directly for
the advancement o: agriculture. II is time
that this reproach to-our legislation should
be removed and sincerely hope that the
present Congress will not close their lators
without ndopling efficient means 10 sun..,.,v-
the olni-.:en ef ;le.e :ho nave preceded
them.
An agricultural Bureau, charged with the
duty of collecting and disseminating correct
information rs 10 the best modes OF cultivu>
tion, and Of the most effectual means of pre-.
serving and restoring the fertility Of the soil,
and fprocuring and distributing seeds and
plants and other vegetable productions, with
instructions in regard TO- the soil. climate
and treatment best adapted to their growth,
could not fail 10 be, in the language Of
Washington, in his last annual message 10
! Congress, "very cheap instrument Of ina.
mense national betiefit.''
| BOUNTY LAND WARRANTS.
Regarding the act of Congress approved
2Sth September, 1850, granting bounty lands
10 persons who had been engaged in the mil
ltary service of the country, as q great meas.
me of national justice and munifcence, an
anxious desire has been felt, by the officers
entrusted with its immediate execution, 10
give prompt effect TO its provisions. All The
means within their control were, therefore,
brought into requisition TO expedite the adju-
dication of clainis, and I am gratified to bs
able TO stale that near one. hundred thou nd
applications have been considered, and about
seventy thousand warrants issued within tho
short space of nine months. IF adequate
provision be made by law to carry into effect
the Recommendations Of the Department, it
is confidently expected that, before the close
ot tie next fiscal year, all who are entitled
| to The benefits of the act will have received
| their warrants. rHae afr - .e !
| The Secretary Of the Interior has suggest.
ed in his report various amendments Of the
laws relating to pensions and bounty lands.
for the purpose of more effectuaiIy guarding
against abuses and frauds ON the Govern.
ment TO all Of which invite your particular
attention. lslt7a I--''e7d 5,-',s 81 ~
-' 5fi r~+- INDIANS. Ts. 'i'li as
The large, uccessions to our Indian popu-
latIon. consequent upon the ucqm sition Of
New Mexico and California, and The extsa-
| sion OF OAR settlements into Utah aud Ore.
goR, have given Increased interest and inn
portance TO our relations with the aboriginal
| race. w
| = No material change has taken place, with
| 10 the last year, in the condition and pros.
poets Of The Indian tribes who reside ia the
Northwestern Territory and west Of The
Mississippi river. We are at peace with all
Of them and il will be a source Of pleasure
to you 10 learn that they are gradually adj
vancing 10 civilization and the pursuits of
social lite.
Along the Mexican frontier, aud in Cali
fornia, and Oregon, there have been oeca-
sional manifestations OF unfiiendIy feeling,
and some depredations committed. aip
satisfied, however, that they resulted more
from the destitute and starving condition al
the lnCians than from any settled hostility
towards the whites. As the settlements. Of
our citizens progress towards them, iha
game upon which they mainly rely for sub-
sistence is driven off or destroyed and the
only alternative left 10 them il starva tion or
plumber. II becomes US to consider, in view
Of this condition Of things, whether justice
and humanity, as well as an enlightened
economy, do not require that, instead Of
seeking to punish them tor offences which
are the result Of our own policy towards
them, we should not provide for their i'm
mediate wants and encourage them to tn-
gage in agriculture. and TO rely on their Ia
bor, instead Of The chase, for the means Of
support:
Various important treaties have been ne
solialed with different tribes during the year
by which their ti,le 10 large and valuable
tracts Of country has been extinguislled, all
OF which WILL al the proper time be submit.
ted to the Senate for ratification.
-7f n-Aa BOUNDARY COMMISSIONERS. s'''4a''s
Tho joint commission under the treaty of
Guadalupe Hitalgo has been actively en-
J gagged in running and marking the boundary
line between The United States and Mexico.
II was stated in the last annual report ofthe
Secretary OF the Interior, that the initial
point on The Pacific and the point ofjone{ion
Of the Gila with the Colorado river had been
determined. and the intervening line, about
one hundred and fifty miles in length, run
and marked by temporary monuments.-
Since that time n monument of marble has
been erected at the initial point, and perua.
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