The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-11-13

State of Kentucky has not cent in the treas
ury for the same glorious purpose. Our mas
tiers not only wasted the money, but they burn
ed the bonds tho evidences of the debt in the
streets of the capital, as if they were cast-oif
cholera clothes bringing disease and death
upon the people! And now, when the friends
of education and liberty have aroused the pub
lie to these infamies and caused the Legislators
to restore the bonds--and when the Democrat
ic Convention, to their eternal honor, have put
it in the Constitution that the sinking fund shall
be held sacred for their payment--we find a
contest going on between the friends of educa-
ton and a slayeholding Governor, whether these
benefcent ends shall be accomplished or not
In the free States, the children of the rich and
the poor are educated in the same school and the
division of farms and the density of the popu-
lation insure always sufficient number OF
scholars TO bring down the cost of education to
the most economical rate. But here we not
only lack a common school fund to Tighten IN
dividual expense, but the cooperation and joint
means of the rich and the laborers.
We are not only frequently prevented from
making a school at all, on account of the large
farms and shareholders, but when the slave
holders send their children to county acade-
mics or distant cities, as they do in nine cases
Of ten, the expense il increased to those who
remain. And the grand result is, that whilst
i'll the free States nearly the whole mass OF
natiye-born citizens are educated, here in all
the slave States. the cost of education is about
three times as great as In the free States, and
in all the slave States of the Union, more than
one half of all the laborers white and black,
are unable to read and write
Here the educated are drones in society,
consuming without producing, whilst the great
mass of laborers are deprived of the aids Of
letters and science in production. Of course
we fail in manufactures; and without manufac-
lures, commerce also fails Thus whilst the
South takes hold of three and one half millions
of slaves as producers. only equal to one and
three-quarters millions of men-the North, far
wiser lays hold on the winds the waters, and
chemistry and magnetism, and the powers of
science, and enslaves them. estimate the
power of machinery in the free States to be
equal to be labor of forty millions of mems
The free States then, have" the long end of the
ha9dspike,o and hold Us in lasting dependence
rs simple agriculturists-a third-rate stage of
Ne stand as the tribes Of Asia
three thousand sc;.rs !.-~, - >ssoy 81 ST.
Ibi,st ssIislpm ,anners ~. ns>o - ). II.
best way OF preserving lands from netrun ol
slave cultivation
These disadvantages of slavery are common
10 the whole people What we the non-save-
holders lose, is not gained by the masters
Tor, by directing the whole power of the State
10 agriculture, they tend to glut all those mar
kets where our mules, horses, CATTLE sheep, |
hogs, hemp, and tobacco, go-so that the tend
,ncy Of prices is always towards the lowest |
profit above the cost of production, and frequent
y the sales are under the cost, and the gains |
If many years lost in one unfortunate market |
These arguments are addressed alike to all
tut stand here as the advocate of the non-slave-
folders of the country; and them | would |
each in a manner more practical and of less
| propose to show to them how it is that the |
million of citizens have been expelled from the |
oil by inevitable and inexorable laws In the
rec States, a man upon fifty, eighty, and one
hundred acres, (which last perhaps is the aver
ge of all the farms in all the free States can
aise, educate, and settle in life, large family
Why? because he has his manufacturer and
merchant set down alongside of him. He sells
nothing is lost; "many mickles
lake muckle," says the Scottish maxim.
tut here in the slave States, in consequence
fall our markets being distant markets, Charles
On, New Orleans, Cincinnati, or New York
nd through them the great world, we lose all
he "odds and ends which are saved in the
rec States. But the main loss is in the main
rticles of production, and return consumption
for instance, the citizen of Fayette sends a
ound of beef to the city of New York there
J is sold for six cents but three cents comes
# for cost of transportation-the mott proceeds
re therefore three cents u pound. But the
armcr living alongside of New York sells
lso for six cents but that is the nett profit,
~ he has no outlay in going to market He
ellis therefore, for twice as much as We Of
course, if he can live upon one hundred, we |
must have two hundred acres.
Again the articles which he gets in ex-
change cost him near one hundred per cent |
css than us or one-half of our income is lost |
N consequence of the distance of our articles |
IF consumption. IT. then, the free farmer can
i've upon one hundred acres, we must have four |
hundred Any one can well see, then, that
t we must have four times Us much land to
i've here, rs there, we must of necessity emf
crate But u home market can afford manures
md high price and personal supervision en-
courage high farming" and the lands are
continually improving Freedom gives educa-
ion, education gives science in cultivation, and |
increased product-more leisure-more SCI
more population. But in the slave
States the skinning system" prevails Large
arms are necessary, in consequence of distance
If markets. Large farms cannot undergo the
system. The virgin soil of centuries
in depOsite, is worn out in slOvenly |
gnorant cultivation. In Virginia and Mary
and, and North Carolina were good plains
md fertile slopes but slaves have turned them
nto harrenness. The whites emigrated, drove
nut the wild beasts and Indians, cleared the |
crest. But once more the tide of slaves fol-
ows on; the result ia the same. Barrenness
ollows in the wake of the slave The broom
edge the mullen, and the brier pursue ever
n their footsteps Are not those who have |
lesolated Judea and Asia Minor, and turned |
Ter cities and fertile wales into the abodes of
Wild beasts, where the fox looks out at the |
window, and the long grass grows upon the
wallis" rs criminal in the eyes of Natures
fod as they who stoned the prophets, and re-
ected Him who taught justice, mercy, and |
owe
In the midst of these depressing causes tlV |
ahorer finds yet greater oppression-thc direct
competition of capital In the free States, when
the capitalist has one or two hundred acres
he wants no more land He says to his neigh
Dor, who is educated in the common school, in
tustrIous and moral have u thousand or five
thousand dollars take il and invest it in man.
ufactures or commerce divide portion of the
profits with yourself for your personal supervi-
SION, and the other portion with me for my capt. |
tai. Thus capital and labor are friends, and build
mp each other; and the whole mass of society
is moving up to independence and wealth But
here the slavehoding capitalist is the worst en-
envy OF the laborcr. lie cannot invest his
money in machinery or commerce he gives no
employment to white labor. lie comes then
into the land market where only the whites
can hope to live and ho invests his money at
no matter what price. The consequence is,