The New York herald., 1851-09-18

From the Anzeiger Zetungl
We are enabled 20 communicate the following
authentic data relatiye 70 steam IN mus
the first steamer into North America, this dis
covery was speedily brought into general aPpiica-
tiop, especially fer coasting serTice In 81 Ieters
burg the first steamer was built in 1910, by Charles
Nikolajewitsch; il was constructed in cur own
mandatory, and was At first employed merely for
conveying passengers a:ros: 10 Cronstadt, ana oc
casioIaly Tor taxing ships In tow. From this Pc
1iod steam navigation was more and paorc de-
yeloped in Russia, and is now employed TO large
extent in the Baltic, the Caspian, The sea OF Azov
the Black and White Seas, che Pacific, &c. -.
Petersburg alone has thirty-seyen steamers, winch
Schlussel beurg, Revel, Helsingfors Abo, Stock
holm, Lubbock, Co Copcnbagen, Havre, and I.ondon
In the year 1915, q steamboat service was estab-
lished between Hull and St. Petersburg. In the
steamers, under the Russian flag, traded or the
Ne Va and coast Of Finland since ls6 the line be-
tween Stettin end -. Petersburg is traversea by
the mail steamer Wadmer In that year, IL si6,
the first steam navigation company was formed in
St. Petersburg, and exists there at this time. ae
teamers KokeTil and petsrhof, built BY that COM
paDy. frs, ran ia 1850, at which time the nGmocr
of private steamers had greatly increased Among
these the screw steamers Hengischt and Ballomo
deserve especial mention. There are now above
ninety private steamers unoer the Russian flag
The imperial irigate Villages has lately made
its first Trial on the ocean.
From Constsntiuople letter. Aug in Boston Traveller
There are some facts in regard to steam nayiga
tion in Turkey wa aicn it would be well Tor Ameci-
cans to know. In the year $780, not single ste lui
vessel Of any description was to be found connect
ing any two ports in this country Two steamers,
and only two at that time. belonged to the Turkish
navy. and these were almost constantly laid up Ia
port They were English built vessels; had been used
as coasters between Epg!aDd and Scotland, carry
ing passengers and freight, uatl they were eonsi-
.raI nIxN Nrf of AZ lta and rara
out, when they were brought oat here ald sold TO
the Turks The highest speed at which they could
possibly be driven. have been told, was five miles
an hour As the Turks showed no disposition to
embark in the enterprise of running ste imess for
PASSENGERS and freighi between the different ports
in their own country, people of other nations had to
commence it for the The English and the Aus
trians we're the first TO lead the way, and FAR as
foreign nations are concerned, the business has
continued chiefly in their hands since. In the
the year ls3-, two boats were built expressly for
this service-one in England and the other in
Trieste. They were of small dimensions, and both
were originally designed 60 run between CONSTANT
nople and Smyrna. 1t was great era when these
two ports were thus connected by steam, though
many doubted whether the enterprise would sue
ceed. tefore, owing to the current in the Darda-
nelles, the passage from Smyrna TO Constantinople
often required thirty days. Now, it could be per-
formed to certainty in thirty.siy hours At first,
however, only the European merchants resident in
the country willing to incur the extra expense
of sending freight by steam. The natives, with
whom time has never been considered as money,
still continued to put their goods in sail vessels
Gradually, however they began 70 learn that there
was real Pecuniary advantage in getting their
goods through in one day and half, rather than
the risk Of delay Of thirty days, and soon
and larger steamers were called for TO do all the
business that offered; nor there much delay in
bringing them upon the ground
What had succeeded so we'll between Smyrna and
the capital, II was argued would also succeed be-
tween the capital and other important ports of the
- L..
been steadily increasing from year to year, (and
their size aso) until there are, at the present time
lines connecting Constantinope with all the princ-
pal seapors in the Black Sea, the Sea Of Aarmora,
and the Mediterranean. The great Austrian COM
Iany alone, (calS1 the Lloyd,) runs steamers regu
larly from Con1 Hinople TO Galatz, and up the
Danube to Viennse to Trcbizond, touching at the
Beirut and Alexandra; and to Trieste.
The Turks, seeing the prohta bleness OF these va.
rious steamboat lines, have recently embarked
largely in the enterprise themselves. Native COM
panies have ten formed, and steamers have been
partly procured from Ecgland, and partly made on
the ground, (the engines being English,) and now
they also are running In all directions.
AT first, after such companies were formed, seve-
raj attempts were made tI prevent foreign steamers
right have the Turks to monopolizc the carrying
trade, even on their coasts while foreigners so
earnestly desire to share the profits with them, and
have so many powerful ambassadors and govern
ments to enforce their claims. Even in the short
and narrow strait Of the Bosphous, along the shores
Of which the suburbs Of the metropolis extend,
English and Russian steamers vie with the Turkish
In carrying the native merchants, the bankers and
even the officers Of government, back and forth,
every morning and evening, between their dwelling
houses and their places Of business.
The harbor Of ConstaLtinople is now alive with
steamers. Besides the Austrian, English, and
Turkish already alluded to, thero are Russian
steamers connecting this port with Odessa; there
are two lines Of French steamers connecting II with
Malta, Italy, and France, and there are at least
three lines Of Englsh steamers wo OF them screws)
connecting IL with England, and all, without excep-
tioD, seem TO be well patronised. The most prof.
table line Of all is said TO be that of Trebizond.
AL the Persian, and much of the Georgian trade,
goes through this channel. The Turkish, the
English, and the Austrians have each large boats
running In that direction, and all Of them are full
both oiTassengers and freight, and CT two more
steamers could be well supported
The mystery is that with such opportunities for
money making, the Americans, a. yet, have not
yentured into the arena Of competition. We have
one American steamer in these waters, owned at
present by Turkish company. She formerly run
between Boston and some port In Maine, and was
called the old Bangor when she was brought out
here, many years ago. che was superannuated in
America, and in state Of decrcpitude, came out to
survives and has made a good deal Of money;
and having lately renewed her youth she has start
cd out shesh ia the world, with apparently very
good prospects.
'ishs LvNtftI. We coulQ nave mere q tDoclncn
OF trst rate American steamer. she should be
built under the direction Of some one Who knows
the wants Of the country; should have very little
cabin room, but capacious hold and capacious
decks, and should run az least fifteen miles an hour
Few Of the natives Of Ibis country ever take a
cabin Tassaye, even when abundantly sble to pay
They prefer the open air above 20 the confined air
below. All they want is room TO spread n email
rug Fat on the deck, upon which they Fl In the day
time aEd sleep in The night For those waters how
ever. frat and second cabin are pocosFarv each ~
them with berths say for twcnty.iour porsons. In
the frSt cabin there should be state rooms, hand
somely finished.
For the Trebizond line, class Of vessels such a.
row run between New ork { Charleston. Savannah.
and ChagIes would be needed mean as 10 sca.
going qualities, but not rs to size For the smyrna
lire, boats exactly like those plying on Long Island
Sound, would be admirably suitable in all res.
poets except that no such cabin room would be
needed. For the Bosphorus, small steamers, re.
quring little iuel (btuminous coal is the only kind
Of fuel that can be 60. here) with almost no
cabins, but spacious severed decks, and fat bot