New-York daily tribune., 1851-07-30

nop0Iy prevented tne gTo"lh vi TIC Ain!u
and maintained within It's borders "two
nations" as D'Israe.i expresses 1t, namely,
one nation Of wealthy magnates, and another
of slaviAh peasants. And all members ofthe
class betwixt these two, who sought to do
more than vegetate in the same position IN
which their fathers vegetatet, as well as all
who were stirred b. new notions IN religion
OF politics, left the country for some new
COLONY where they fancied better luck
awaited them.
Such was the beginning Of British emf
Grafton. 1t was an unspeakable misfortune
TO the British isles and the evidence and
effect of an unsPeakable wrong. But even
this was not enough. The system must be
saddled on the Colonies also. Those Co
lonies must be governed, and the home au-
thorities took that business in hand and ap
pointed scions of the home arlstocracy TO
govern them; their lands must be owned.
and the Government gave vast tracts OF
them to scions of the same aristocracy to
let them out to feudal tenants so that the
people might still feel that they had carried
British institutions with them; they must
be defended, and the Government appointed
scions of the aristOcracy to the command
of the military forces charged with that
duty they must have trade and the Gov
ernment conferred on scions of arlstocracy
the monopoly Of their commerce. Such
were the British colonies when they started.
Those OH the American continent south OF
the river St. Lawrence became powerful
enough to throw off the rule of the mother
country, annul its mOnopolles, institute
self government and go ahead. The his
tory Of the past seventy five years shows
with what effect. They have become great
and powerful and the other colonies north
of them, which have witnessed their ex-
ample and felt some feeble effect from their
influence, are the most prosperous of all
those remaining under the British crown
while India and Australia, and Jamaica and
South Africa have led precarious or de-
clining existence, and now cost England
every year vastly more than they yield her,
the advantage Of all the monopolies being
taken into the account.
During all this time emigration from
England has been constant and from the
same fundamental cause though within the
past fifty years there has been a gradual
Improvement in agriculture, and a conse-
ouent amelioration of the condition of the
people with a proportionate dImlnution OF
the power Of the land monopolist. But in
Ireland there has been no Improvement
The people have been compelled to continue
tilling the poorest land, which has become
constantly poorer as its products have been
carried off by the landlord to be squandered
at London or in the dissipatlons of high life
at some other European capital. The con-
sequence is that emigration has continually
increased until it threatens TO embrace the
entire mass of inhabitants. And now when
in ten years population has declined mil
lion and half by exile and death, a promi-
nent daily journal of the great metropolis
informs us that "a natural vent is now
thoroughly opened and that the insulation
of the race is proved to be at an end. In
deed is it at an end, when a quarter Of the
people have been sent beyond the grave and
another quarter beyond the Atlantic
Population, skill and capital will no
longer wait in CONSERVATION" They will
fly, and fly to the United States, where they
find freedom and security. But why should
they wait in CONSERVATION, at home or any
where else ! Simply because the land is
monopolized and kept away from them
Let primogeniture be abolished, the soil be
divided and its transfer become easy, and
skill and capital, instead of waiting in con-
sternation or running away in terror, will
at once betake themselves to the land, which
will be better cultivated and become more
productive. Abolish other mOnOpolieS, and
artizans will come and take their places
among the farmers, supplying their wants
and consuming their surplus products
better soils will be cultivated and the old
ones made richer schools for the masses
will become frequent, and all the children
will be educated and there will be no
wealthy and lazy landlords, and no i'm
poverished and rebellious peasants, but the
country will be richer than ever. And
abundance and comfort will increase faster
than population, and should the natural limit
of the earth's food-producing power be
reached, whatever that may be, it will be