Arkansas democratic banner., 1851-09-02
origin of the Name .soid Dominion.-
 AS APPLIED TO VIRGINIA.

4 encircled with fhe word ' vFginia," ITS
 \ similar ccin was dug up few yeas since, and tue following statement was published wlih The description of il:
 | :. Dur,ng the psuYpation of Cromwell. the colo ny of Virginia refused to acknowledge his anthof ty and declared itself independent. shortly M- { fer finding that Cromwell threatened to send fleet and army to reduce VIrgsn.a to sab.ecton, and fearing the ability of this feesie State to with ! stand this force she sent over in small shfp messenger 10 Charles who accepted the invitation 10 come over. and be King oft44sinIa. and was on the eve of embarkng, when he was recalled to the 1 throne 0f England As soon as he was restored te the crown of England, m eyantuFf for the toy alty of NirgnIa, he caused her coat4H arms 10 be quartefed with those ol England, Scotland, and Ireland as an indepeadcu ut member q inc empire, ''The above com IS clearly coniimaory Of these facts Hence the orgin of the phrase Old Do minion.' frequently applied to sugna."
 ] -Hisiory does not confirm all these statements though il establishes some. and sufficiently dis closeses in the conduct of Virginia, during the Protectofate of Cromwell. a cause for the oiigin of the name " OM dom,lioa." The facts as gath cred from variety of cneditable historians appear :. to be these
 After the death of Charles l., and the instala- ton of Oliver Cromwell as Protector, the colony of Virginia refused to acknowledge their anth9r- ty, and Parliament, having subdued opposition elsewhere, were not disposed 10 submit to such resistance of ;s authority by the twenty thousand i inhabitants of Virginia. IL issued an ordinance declaring them notorious robbers and traitors: pro- hbted alinercourse with the refractory coionists, 1 either by the people of England, the inhabitants of the other Americaa settlements, o. with foreign naiols and finally, sent oveE a fleet under Sir Geo. AsycHe "to oyerpoweE the provincial royalsIts, . and extinguSh The last traces of monarchical au- thoTitY that still fingered in the eStremIes Of the 1 empire" The commissioners appointed 10 accom- pany this expedition were empowered to try in the first instance. the efficacy of pardons and other coaciat0ry propositions, in reducing the coloniss tO obedience but fl ther pacific oyertures should prove nffcctuai, they then to employ every J species of hostile operation Se.
 From BarbadOeS Sir George Asycue despatched Capt. Dennis with a small squadron of ships 10 land his forces, and drive Sir Wilian Berkeley out 4 of Virginia for during the whole proceeding the struggle of Charles l. and the Parliament, the Vir- gHans were firm on the Side of their King, and enacted declaration, :" that they were bon un- der monarchy, and would never degenerate from the condition of their births, by being subject to any other government" After the king was be- headed they acknowledged the authority of the fugitive Prince, and actually continued the Pro- vinciai government under a commission which he sent to Sir William Berkeley from his retreat at Breda The young Prince was not, however, ac tually invited over to establish a kingdom in ViF- ginia; though, according Co Clarendon, Sir Wm. Berkeley was so assured of the loyalty of the n- habitants and so impressed with confidence of ultimate success, that he wrote him '' almost inriiiag him to America" In tAeSe acts consisted the enmity of Parliament to the Governor; and for this open dedance of Us power, Virginia was to be rayaged by fleet on her waters, and insdi- ous asSaSSnS on her soIi. Historians differ greatly as to the proceedings of Sir Wlliam. after the arrival of the fleet within the cape Of Virginia several, as Reyelral, as Beveriy{p 45) 0ldmixon q. S75,) Burke European Settlements lh. 22s,) I Grahame >l. 99,) have asserted that he made grest show of reSiseuce. assisted by The Dutch ships in the harboF, and the Royalists, who were the majority of the-F0pulaiion.
 Bancroft, however, G 225} citing contemporary authorities Of the hgest value, says, " no sooner had The Guinea fIigate anchored in the waters of the Chesapeake. Ihan quoting from Clarendonl all thoughts of resistance were lad aSde.' ''lt re- marks" continues Bancroft; 7" the character of NHgnianS that they refused 10 surrender to force, buI yielded by voluntary deed and mutual compact" By the articles -of surrender a con- pieie indemnity was stipulated for past offences and She COiOnlSts recognizing the auth0nty, were admitted into the boSotn 6f the English Common wealth, and expressly assured of an equal partici- patton n all tue privileges of the free people 0 En- land In pavticlaT, Il provided that the Proyncial Assembly should reta.n US wonted functions, and that ' The people of Virginia should have as free trade aS the people of England, tO all places and wlth all nations and shail be free from all taxes, customs and lmpoSitioRs wha!sover, without The consent o' tnelE own assembly," Berkeley disdasned to make any stiPulation for himself with those whom hls principles of loyalty taught him 'i t0 regard aS asurpets- Without ieavIng Virginia, he withdrew tO retired situation, where he eun- tinted to reside as a psyate individual, uniyer- sally beloved and respected, tlli new revolution was 10 summon han once more 10 dety the rcpab- hcaR forces oi England and restore the ascendsncy of royalty in the colony.
 This was m March. 1851. And affairs contin- ed much Ia this state until 1867. In the mean tlme, Richard Bennett, Edward Diggs, and sam uel Matthews, had been severaily elected by the } Burgesses, Governor Of Virginia, under allegiance to Oliver Cromwell, aud on his death in l65s, to Richard Cromwell. But in Io60, Gov Matthew's dIed, and Inc people, dscOntenled with some com ! merclal restrictions imposed hy the PEoteetoEate, dld not wat for new commission from England, but elected Sir William Berkeley. and by an Ob- liglng violence, compelled nun ct accept the Gov yefnineni' He, however, refused to acE under the usurpation of the Cronwells, and woald not consent unieSt they" joined with him !n yentunng ' ther lives and fortunes far the KI who was then an exile"
 "Thls,' says Beverly, twas their dearest wish. aud therefore, with an unanimous yoice, they told ' hun that they were ready tb hazard all for the King" Now, this was actually before the KlRg return to England, and proceeded from a brave princpe oi loyalty, i0l which they had no exam pie -SI William Berkeley embraced theg choice, . and forthwith proclaimed Charles H. King of Eng , iand, Scotland, Ireland, and Virginia and caused ali process to De issued in hls nsme. Thus, His Majesty was actually King in Vfrgipia before he ! was ia England On the restoration of tae King
 he sent slf William new connasSssSn, and grant ed hun pernissloa to vs,t England.
 He was received by the monarch with much
 kindness, and there fecoeded tradition that tbs
 King, n compliment to that coiony wore at hl'
 coronation. robe made Of the silk which wa, r. sent from thahee. Such is q condensed narrative of the causes and incidents which gave to ViGgaiG the hoaored uile of The '' Old DoanaioA.''
 SIezaaA Georgian.
 Moral Courage.
 There are many men who gre physically brave ' hnf Mhn are morally cnunrds-whn RanIh m