The New York herald., 1851-11-06
trio Spark Telegraph" g An. Of Elsc. 4i6
Wallis His. l2l)

Vars His. l2l.)
If nothing more had occurred than those cases, it
would be little surprising that any one, acquaint-
cd with the subjected, should, in 1882, near thirty
eight years after, anxously inquire, il novelty
and wonder, whether electricity could not be used
for telegraphic communications.
But gsvanism having been discovered in 1870, 1t
Is not strange, after the experiments with it for
seventeen to nineteen years. that Soemering should
at Munich. in 1907, be able to erect galvauc tele-
graph, and make the voltaic pile decompose water,
and show, as signals, air bubbles over the proper
letters, and conduct wire to trough, in which
we're thirty-fve gold pins, with letters or numbers
on each, and SO arr anged as to complete commu- @
His i22; Hibbard Z ' 81 a. Gould 6s az
Common electricity aad been found too intense
and erratic, and difficult to be confined, whereas,
that generated BY ga yansm % haa proved more quiet
Enquiries, therefor did not stop here, but under
that, we're much mult piled and advanced, long be-
fore the year 1882
menced his experims on the subject, and by 1919
or 1920 discovered thai a magnetic needle at a dis
tance might be DETECTED by galvanic current,
and thus mark inform 5ion and be is generally con-
sdered the dscovere Of the magnetic properties of
electro currents Uitso, Hibbard Ev. % Daniels
Chem SOL; Hew u on lnductve Science, 3O9)
In the interim of 1910, Doctor John Redmond Cox,
of Philadelphia, described the use Of galvanism
telegraph by decou posing water. Wallis Hist.
l@, and Thompson IA. of Phi. 1922 How its de-
composition and tn. .ir bubbles enable the ma.
chine to act ia fully explained by Charming, Ev.
46 o.
In the same year Ronalds constructed telegraph
at Hammersmth, Eh.ch operated for eight miles,
and used the disc OF clocks for his signals at both
ends, keeping exact time, and one, when touched,
indicating the same 1T he other end But il worked
very slow, the interva between each was so great.
q An of FL 4l9)
In lS20, ,Arago, Anpere, and Sir Humphrey Davy,
all experimented aud discovered as much as Ger
stead bad; and Ampere expressly stated, that tia
defective needle would, in his opinion, be used for
itssseg,aphiDg by the m'gnettio fluid Nais Hist:
Chaning's Ev., IL, record: Hillard Ev:,. 81. a)
The use of magnetlsn in connection with electri-
clty to make communications by tel'graphs, thus
became known and prtstised, to some extent, twelve
years before Mr.. Morse proposed to commence any
improvements on the -ubect.
This last period Was new era in the science and
in the mode Of operating By DETECTING the needle
1870 to 1920, had been distinguished by decompos-
ing water, ringing bell, exploding pistol, and
orher great changes AID improvements, introduced
oy gsivansm, IN manner superior to common fric-
tlonal electricity. All before that had be,n the cir
cult by wires, and the use, so far practicable Of
the spark and other signals, connected with 1t,
through ordinary electric power. (Channing, Ev,
1t is not little remarkable, looking to both
Morse and House as Inventors, that Amperes' plan
was to have as many wires as letters, and press
down key on each wanted. (Do 36 Lon
Jour; i3l) And that the same year Cavallo pro.
posed the communication TO be made by spark as
asisnal g An. of Elec. 4i6)
The public mind, among the scientific and ma
chnlsts had got SO excited the topic four years
previous to 1882, the period Of the voyage in the
Suliy, that numerous attempts were made in 1928,
10 carry out into more practical use, and to perfect
what had been before indicated Oft sn AMI so dis
tinctiy, as to the use of electricity and electro
magnetism Tor the purpose Of telegraphing. Jacob
Green wrote on it. Travoilot proposed 10 act by a
wire from Paris to Brussels, and Sturgeon actually
constructed at Woolwich an apparatus with horse
m9Qr6t. he end az n wira el
communicating with The opposite pools of gal
vanc machine, and thus supporting a weight or
bar Of n2e pounds. Q9 Sillimans Jour. $50.
1t is believed that Prof Henry had discovered
ard described as early as this, aud shown at AL
Nssny, in ls29, how to increase the power at little
expense (do 400 Prof Henry's Ev. o6,y), And
Feckner suggested that galyanism could thus be
applied TO telegraph from Leipsic to Dresden
,('aii's Hist 1867
But the most surprising discovery on this sub
ST, another enterprising American. In 1921, or '25
he is proved, by Cornwell, ia r.,) to have coz
structed a telegraph at Long Island, a. the race
course, by wires on poles, and using gla insala'
tors Doct Bell GOA r.,) fortiies this statement,
hayirg seen some OF his wires, and understood its
operation 20 be by spark sent from one end 70 The
other, which made mark on paper, prepared By
come chemical salts (See, also, Canning Nv a,
CsiltoE. Ey. 80, as to some suoa operations il
lS2s)
Dyer's WI deposition taken since this cauio vas
argued, az 10 be substituted FOR letter frclo ham
to Dict. Rell, which was then objected to by the
paintia ana ruled out, now veraes the truth Q. the
letter. aud goes into several details As 70 the cord-
ton Of his Invention, when abandoned IN ls5o, from
tears Of pr osecuton by some Of bis agen.s
lie used com mon electricity and not electro mag-
netism, and but one wire, which operated By a
spark W. !ch, ster going through paper, c1sncalIy
prepared so as to leave red mark on H. passed into
the ground, without n return circuit Tho d;se'
renee OF time between the sparks vas by az aroi-
traIy alphabet, to signify different letters, aad the
paper vas 20 DC moved by he hand, while tie tee-
graph operated, though machinery was conten'
PLACED 70 be introduced for that purpose This de-
vice of rhabet by spaces Ct time between sparks
evinced remarkable ingenuity, and differs n some
isgree frcm either Morse's or Houses, though
much nearer in principleto the former,
IL seems that in lSSO, Booth, In Dublin, eIplaLe 4
fully how electro magnetism could DO used 20 tele-
graph at q distance, and cause marks TO be made By
the fall OF the armature from the horse shoe mag
net when the circuit was broken. Byrsns EY'
1897
But Ba.l3v had failed Of success in Engandfro on
wart Of more power; aud following out the new
idea to inoease the power Of the magnet by closer
coils OF wire and otherwise, and when the want OF
greater rower to operate further and quicker, and
at less expense, seemed the chief desderatum. Null,
in 1880, succeeded in making magnet which wouli
sustain seventy i've pounds. and i9on a:ter S o1e
completed one that could sustain ton (lIibba ard
Ev - ~ Prof sill. POI During this last year,
also, Farraday had matured fully the hsrse'saos
magnet, ana causeu, uhuei S"Ato., ~ u aistsHOs'
strong circular motion, and brought magnetic elec-
tricity almost TO maturity.
While al these clearly preceded what took place
in the Sully, and remove very much al novelty in
some Of the ideas then suggested, yet II Is certain
that there yet emained TO be constructed thess
OF other principles, practical machine for prac.
.cal popular and commercial use, which would
communicate to a distance by electro magnetism,
and record quickly and cheaply what was :has ccm-
muLicattd.
From that time forward. Morse is entitled to the
high cred. Of making attempts to do this, however
imperfectly informed he may then have beea Of
what had already been accomplished towards Il;
and he has the still higher credit, among the expe-
rimenters from that time TO ISL, of hasing then
succeeded In perfecting what he describes al tia,
time, in his caveat and specification Laboring on
Isc52 had formed a rotary "electro m xnetic IN a.
Ii. -l..h .ovo xuo.,.n -oxt,,x al, ~