New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-11-14

arc Oh manufacturers Of felt hats. and on a third
;h.y are solely capped y. SMITHS work, chiefly
he making ~ axes IL fhe district OF Pashechos
iEe are aGont ss'sr'v iann-fes when give oc-
cupaton To a large uimher OF families they have
no pald ~ofkm. n. but perform all the operations
am'I 2 themseiv.s. preparing leather To the value
Of about y, 500 roubes year. ara when disposed
OF on their account IN ~ beck In the districts
where the torssitTssS mostly CONSIST of hndens the
INHABITANTS are prncip,lly eng gel IN the manufae-
ture OF mating which according TO ITS greater or
less degree al hnen' Is employ e. eiheg for sack
ing or sail cloth, or merely as packing mats. The
hnccn Tree grows ooiy moist soils rlch IN back
hErus, or vegetable mou,d out viii not grow al all
IN sandy soils, which ren erS It cOmpar ,tiFey SC arce
IN some parts OF Russia. shg IN others II growS
abuDdantly. The m ''s are prepared from the inner
bark AID as the linden Is ready tor Stripping al only
lsyears OF age. and N eed best al iha, age these
trees form rich source OF prOh tor those who dwell
IN the districts where the, grow The Russian has a
great disposition for wa cering a1out beyond his
tive slace but net fer travelling aOToad The love OF
home seems 10 be merged Ia great extent, IN love
OF country. Russian feels himself al home every
where within Russia, and. IN a pOiuchl sense this
rambling disposition of the people, and the close IN
tercourse between the Inhabitants OF the various
Provinces to which 1t ]. ads contributes 10 knn n
clos.r bond OF union between the people, and 10
arouse and maintain national feeling and pa.rlouc
love Of country. Although ae may quit ms native
place, the Russian never wholly sewers the connec
tion with his native place and, as We nave before
mentioned being fitted by natural talent TO turn MS
hand to any species of wofk, he M general never
limits himself in his ~snderiDgs 10 any particular oc-
cupation but tines AT several and chooses ~hate'et
may seem 10 him the most want igeous When they
nursue any definite extensive trade, such as that OF
a carpenter. mason. or the Ike IN large towns they
associate together and form sort oil trades ascot
alton and the ceyerest assume The position OF son
Of contractor for the labor required Ihus, ~ no
bleman should want to ouiii mouse, or even pai-
ace In ST PETERSBURG he applies to sucn conusc-
tor (prodrashnik, lays before hlm the elevation anu
plans, and makes contract "itn HIM 10 do the soik
required for a specified SUN. The contractor theh
makes an agreement wi'h his comrades fespe''ng
the assistance they to give. and the Sh are 'aey
are to receive OF the proht. alter which NJ u'uaty
sets of 10 his native place, ,lthtr alone 81 WI
some of his comrldes, To DOT an the 'equ'>He
capital to carry on the work WIN. The mhaS,-
ants who also have their share OF the ealns, really
make I'D the necessary sum, aud every lhng IS
done IN trust and commence Il IS, indeed very
rare to hear OF frauds IN these matters Inc cnpen-
tiers tplOtHkO form peculiar class oI the "orhnen
We have described. As most OF the houses IA Rus
sa and especially IN the country parts are olil II
wood the number and importance OF the carpenters,
as class are very great IN comparison win Other
countries Almost every peasant, whatever other
trade he may follow rs also sometatpg of aeIpen-
ter, and knows how to shape and pl, together The
timbers for a dwelling. The Pl0fpk IN the villages
are never anything more than these general carpen-
ters and never acquire any regular knowledge oi
their business the real Russian Piotsi0 seldom
carries any other tools with HIM than an axe ana
chisel and with these he wand-rs through all parts
of the empire seeking, and everywhere mining work
Many also wander a. grooms and coacn drivers
and every where, but especially IN MOSCOW We ana
peculiar class, the orossy drivers, uss0sss1 80.
formed of native OF ali pats OF the empire, Tor the
Russian is "A born coachman One sees lad OF ten
or tw Give hang ing all day, and sometimes All night,
on one of the shafts of a coach ana there ne eats
and drinks, and makes one with ms horse and IN IL
or 30 degrees of cold he all sleep soundy on mo
back of his four footed companion, apparently I'M
needing the nciepsps, o, .ne ~ ,ha d,.n,,v ~
coachman on the box. when he manages to scrape
as much together by SAVING and speculaling as en-
ables him to buy horse and drosky Oh ms own, To-
gether with "A sedge for the Winter, ana from that
time forward his only dwelling Is the small front
seat Of his drosky, or his sedge. In general two
isrostshiki club together and keep three horses Tor
their two vehicles, so that each morse may nave st
every third day
A large number Of the wandering Russians are
serfs a circumstance which arose IN the following
manner: Peter the First aud his Immediate success
.oYs introduced various branches of manufacture
into Russia, and endeavOTed To force them INTO pre-
coceus activity For this purpose they invited for
eign manufacturers, gave tHem capital or made ad-
vances, granted them ground for their establish
ments and, moreover. transferred over to thsm
number Of serfs. generally whole village, to make
workmen OF, who then stood IN the same feiauon 70
their master as the serfs estate TO the landlord
that is, they worked without receiving pay, WINE
the manufacturers we're ans~eTable for their maln-
enance, clothing and HOUSING Experience now.
long he laboSs wholly for the good OF anotheff
while, on the other hand, ne is exceedingly skflai
and industrious when working on ms own account.
The consequence WAS, that the land owners having
seIfs gave them permission 10 engage 10 manufac-
tares, and to seek for work for themselves where
they liked, the mere condition OF paying Their
lord personal tax (otrok Each person IL rated
according to his personal capabilities, talents ard
capacities, at a certain capital. and according to
what he estimates himself c,pable Of gaming ne V
taxed at hxed sum az interest OF that capital ACT.
and singers are generally seris. and they are
obliged TO pay oJrok Tor the exercise OF tnen aH a.
much as the lowest handicrahsman In recent
times the mandatory system of Western Europe
has been introduced into Russia, and the natives
have been encouraged to establish all sorts OF man
ufactures these models. and It remains to be seen
whether the new system will have the anticipated
effect of contributing 10 the formation Of middle
class, which hitherto has been the chief want In