The republic., 1851-01-01

uess vi HE Ilaii vienna, says the historian,
was fed from the court-kitchen and the court
cellar. Feasts, professions, and fiG vorks,
entertained foreign visiters. The bread fbr the
parrots of the Empress was stepped in Tokay
wine, OF which two hogsheads were expended
daily. Twelve gallons of the finest wine were
barrels for her baths. The other German
Counts We're equally profligate, and much less
dlgnifed. Augustus the Strong, of Saxony.
died In 1888, leaving three hundred and fifty
two children. His reign was one long scene
OF coarse debauchery, and the most wanton
expenditure. Ii is quite consistent with all
this, that about the same period, twenty thou
sand peasants of Salsburg, guilty of no rebel
lion, and desiring only to practice the truth of
the Gospel, were tortured and hunted like
wild beasts, and finally doomed to banish-
ment
| From this intricate condition Austria was
reused TO the necessity OF defence against the
rising power of Prussia. After two bloody wars
peace was restored, but the position of Austria
was changed A new and powerful kingdom
had been established at her side and the com
ing shock of the French revolution began to
appear in momentary undulations upon the face
of society. JOSEPH H., so keenly and effectively
alluded to by Mr.. WEBSTER, came to the throne
in 1880. Having embraced some of the more
reasonable doctrines of the French consti-
tuent assembly, he attempted various radical
| reforms in his empire. He abolished feudaIism,
substituting, however, the absolute will of the
Emperor in lieu of the varied usurpations of
| the mobiles; he imposed the German language
on all his subjects; established single impost
in lieu of the numberless territorial contributions;
proclaimed the equality of law, suppressed nine
| thousand converts, limited the power of the
| Roman See, made Trieste free port, Sc But
| these measures, so just in themselves, came too
| suddenly upon the people bound up in ancient
usages and prejudice. Thus the world beheld
the extraordinary spectacle of nation reject
ing and resisting even the salutary and benevo-
lent plans of q despot. The Emperor was in
| fact batlled in his schemes, and on his death
| bed he requested it might be inscribed on his
tomb:
''Here lies prince whose intentions We're
good, but who had the misfortune to fail in all
| his projects"
| Leopold H. came to the throne in 1890 and ],
making mistake in the opposite direction, by
attempting to restrain and chastise the French
revolutlonists in the short space of five years,
| he lost Italy, Flanders, Belgium, Holland, and
the Rheenish provinces Vienna, his capital,
was threatened by Napoleon in 1897 In Sc
cond and third war, Austria was stripped ofother
| territories, and the imperial crown, which had
rested on the brows of her kings for thou
sand years, was finally torn from her Soon
after, she signed humiliating peace, dictated
| by the enemy in her capital.
! After few years, the tide turned Napoleon
was overwhelmed, and the European States
were organized in one stupendous confederation
| under the guaranty Of the Five Great Powers.
In this balance of Europe, Austria was regarded
as the keystone of the arch of European despo-
tism. She was deemed at once protective bull
wark between the southern kingdoms Of Europe
| and the power of Russia, and barrier, both ply
scal and moral, to the spread of liberal ideas and
| institutions, either from Prussia, on the North,
| the Italian States on the South or France on
-
| the West.
| Austria was thus designated as the drag to
| the wheels of progress, and though the reforms
| of Joseph ii. were not wholly obliterated !,
the empire was not ill-suited to this purpose.
Leaving Russia to pursue its scheme of edu-
| eating the people in schools and barracks to
monarchy, Austria attempted to shut the gates
4 4 IL a.. L
sway. Hungary, with twelve millions of peo-
| pie, belonging largely to race teeming with the
fire of genius. and the lofty inspirations of ma
| tonal pride, was sought to be kept in subjec-
ton, partly by diplomacy, partly by acts of ty-
ranny, and partly also by stimulating the ma
tonal and hereditary jealousy of the Croats
against them. This policy resulted in the in
surrection of lS49. Its history we shall not
here delineate. The only point we shall no
tce is, that ii was a national movement, abund
| anty justified by the provocation, and the
hopes of success that were offered The mad
ness of the French Socialists and Radicals, of
various kinds and degrees, dsgraced the
French revolution, and caused a general retro
| gradation of public opinion in France, Ger
| many, and Italy, toward monarchy as the only
security. This lead Louis NAPOLEON, as the
very means of fate, to march into Italy on the
one side, and Russia into Hungary on the
| other Thus Austria was saved and Hungary
| crushed. The former, in the pride of victory,
showed its true disposition by seeking the life
| of KossUTH, after he had escaped, by various
acts of atrocity, at which the soul of civilized
| man revolts in horror. The verdict of the
world is pronounced in the glory attached to
the name of KossUTH and the epithet of ''Aus
| trian Butcher" which is assigned to HAYNAU.
J Such is Austria, now brought to notice by
this entertaining diplomatic correspondence.
! All things considered we do not regret that it
| has taken place 1t has given the world, and
| especially the people of the United States, an
| onnortunity IN iudue of the temner canacity