davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

There was then q daily increase in the demands
upon the treasury in aid OF roads and other I'M
provcncnts So Is II now.
We were then, according TO the newspapers,
highly prosperous" and the more our production
diminished the higher were prices, and the moro
''prosperous' we became. So Is IL noc.
What the result Of that "prosperity" we
know full well. What will be the result of the
present prosperity" we all shall know. The only
difference between the two periods consists in this;
in the former one our schemes were moderate,
being limited within tho Mississi. p; while in the
present period they embrace the whole thern
portion Of the continent, from the Isthmus OF Pa
mama to and including both the Canadas, and
from the Atlantic coast to that OF the Pacific and
from great steam communication with India and
China on one side, to an equally great one with
Africa and Europe on the other.
II would seem to be incumbent on those who ad-
vocate the present system being the one by
which shall reach Stree trade to explain why
il was that the compromise, after having reduced
the nation state of RUM terminated in the tariff
Of 1912. Instead. however, Of undertaking to cx-
plain troublesome facts, they repeat the words
Stree trade, free trade," and nothing else. We
are all free traders; ano for myself can say that
have such an admiration Of perfect freedom OF
that would prevent my advocating any measure
tending to produce it. i cannot, b ,wever, close
my eyes to the fact that freedom, whether Of man
or OF trade. has everywhere been the accompani-
ment Of growing weslth, a tendency adverse to
freedom has everywhere been the accompaniment of
diminishing production and diminishing wealth;
nor can refrain from asserting that, in he dirsc
tion Of the tariff Of 1916. freedom 81 trade
De reached. II can, let the "free-trade journals
for once undertake the discussion of the matter.
and explain how the facts and the theory be
made to agree. This would seem to be far more
creditabe, as we'll as honest course, than that of
shouting "frec-trade," and denouncing s'obso-
lets," opinions entertained at this moment by q
large majority Of the free population of the Union,
but which they prevented from carrying into
practice by the fact that the O0nsfituon by virtue
Of federal xumbers, 10 the minority the right
Of making latcs for the majority. In this fact may
be found the of the existence of Free soilism
To this fact will be due the dissolution ofthe Union,
should such an event unhappily occur Is is not
then desirable that should inquire AID endeavor
responsibility to advocate any system of mea-
sures when it ia even possible that they may have
such unhappy effect? Is such a course becom-
ing Of statesmen, or of those who undertake to be
the teachers of statesmen? certainly think not
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

with our farmers now. Admit her products duty
free and she will then speedily double and treble
her ouantiy for her land will then acquire value
a, ours loses it. and shall then be contributing
largely towards the making of her roads. That
will be- one more, and great step on the road to
ruin we are now rapidly travelling. We shall
then have system of machine making such as the
world never before witnessed. With Canada and her
roads on the north, Nova Scotia and her roads on
the northeast, Nicaragua and Mexico on the south,
California, Utah, and New Mexico, and their roads
on the southwest, and the almost innumerable
roads, rivers and harbors of the centre with daily
diminishing power 10 produce the lumber with
which to build their houses and lay the roads, the
food with which to feed the men who make the
roads and clear the farms, the cloth with which
to clothe them and daily increasing necessity for
purchasing food, clothing, lumber, and iron, with
corresponding diminution in the power to pay for
them, we shall then be more fairly started in the
career which leads to ruin than we were in 1886,
and probably about equally so with England in
1916.
Diminished demand for labor has greatly dimn-
ishcd wages OF the tens OF thousands who have
been dismissed from the abandoned mines,
and furnaces, and mills. large portion now earn
food and vet provisions have risen in price because
of diminished production; and cotton and tobacco
! have risen in price from the selfsame and only
cause, for the po,rer Of purchase dminishes from
day to day. The necessary consequence OF the DIM
inished reward Of labor is that immigration has
| become stationery, and must diminish az the ne
cessares of life rise in price with the increase OF
machine making and diminution Of productions.
From lS43 to lS47 it grew steadily, commencing
with rs, 900 and ending with 239, 742 Since then
the following has been the movement:
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

be a consumer only. The makers Of roads must be
fed. clothed, and housed So must be the settlers
of California and Utah, Iowa aud Minnesota, Texas
and Arkansas. The palace builders must be fed
and clothed; and yet this vast body of men pro-
duce nothing with which to feed or clothe them
selves. They are producing machines, TO be used
in aid OF future production, and the nation ID ex-
haus!ing itself in feeding and clothing them while
engaged in the work. From day to day we are
producing less cotton and tobacco, less wheat and
pork less cloth and iron, less in short, OF all the
commodities required for the use Of man. The
price of cotton goes up because, Notwithstanding
the increase OF population, we produce scarcely
more than we did ten years since. That Of rice
goes up because we have less to export than we had
sixteen years since. That OF tobacco goes up be-
cause we have less to export than we had eighteen
years since. That of wheat goes up because we
have almost none 10 export, and have become large
importers of it from both Canada and Chill. That
of corn goes up because we have little to spare
Pork rises because corn 10 scarce.
OF spermacei oil, the average receipt in the four
years from 1S43 to 1916, was ..,.. .l400 bbls.
That OF lS4S was. .........-.....,,.l0 I $40
And that OF lS49 only. 100 ia
Last year gave but Sc, l57 barrels-a reduction of
thirty eight per cent.
With production thus diminished In actual
quantity need not be surprised to find that prices
rise, and that thus the who labors finds con-
stantly increasing difficulty in obtaining food,
clothing, fuel, and light and yet lists OF prices like
the following regarded evidences Of "prosper-
ity." They really evidences of state OF things
that leads to those combinations among workmen
for the purpose of raising wages chich aliDays take
place toh<n production is di,Dinishing. Such comb
nations abounded in 1896, and they now rapidly
growing in number, and must continue to grow az
capital and labor become less productive OF the COM
modities for which men desire to exchange labor,
and as prices consequently rise.
Prices Of Leading Articles in the Port Of New York
IL.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

President Fillmore, the Union, and Virginia.
The Union seeks to divert attention from the
surrender Of the Democratic party in Massachu-
sets to the political Free-solers and Abolition
lists by republishing letter of Mr. FILLMoRE's,
written thirteen years ago, and SO extensively
circulated during the late Presidential canvass
in the southern States as to make its republca-
tion quite superfluous. We do not suppose
that the Union intends by this to intimate that
President FILLMORE does not adhere to the
Compromise. Whether it does or not, we cannot
comprehend in what manner the fact of the infa-
nous coalition which made Senators of RANrouL
and SUMNER can be affected by letter written
years ago by Mr.. FILLMORE, and which the
people considered no bar to his elevation. Nor
does our allusion to the Massachusetts coalition
justify the ungenerous implication which the
revival Of this letter conveys, and which is suf-
ficiently rebutted in the following paragraph
from the recent address of the Wires Of the
Virginia Convention and Legislature to their
constituents:
Gas Wings, we congratulate our party and
the country on the entire fulfilmcnt Of the
Wing assurances during the last Presidential
canvass that Mr.. FILLMORE would prove sound
on the questions that affect southern safety. OF
course we may equally congratulate them on
the Justification Of the injurious predictions and
accusationss SO boldly and Unfortunately made
against him by his adversaries. His patriotic
performance OF his highduties, his wise, right,
and firm conduct under every difficulty, have
vindicated our faith in him, and endeared him
to all good citizens. In his hands the Fugitive
Slave law will be faithfully executed, and all
combinations and associations. from what
ever causes proceeding to defeat it, will be
disappointed of their purpose. We rejoice to
believe that, in this suspicious result, the
efficacy Of our Federal Government to accom-
plsh the purposes of justice, enforce obedience
to its authority, and in all things fulfil the ex-
pectation of its founders. will be demonstrated
in manqer that cannot fail more strongly to
cement the bonds of the Union, and convince
its enemies of the utter futility of all attempts
to accomplish its dissolution"
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

We have thus for the last year, little more
SALT sugar. and COAL and some tea to take the place
of the coffee that is shorta small increase of
and other French merchandise, and about one
tenth as much additional cottons, woollens, and
flaxen goods, az could be spun and woven by the
operatives who are now unemployed, and one half
as much additional iron as could be made in the
now abandoned furnaces by the now unemployed
worknen-and withal, zoe haze gone fifty millions
ia debt.
1t is impossible to examine this table without be-
ing struck with the utter insignifcance Of any pos
sible augmentation Of the foreign trade, compared
with that which, under systeTn which looks to the
establishment Of free trade by means OF breaking
down the British monopoly Of machinery. takes
place in the domestic market. Under the tariff of
1912 the production of iron grew from 200 ,O0 TO
900 tons, with demand increasing more
rapidly from year to year. We have now reduced
the domestic production to less than 500, 900 tons
and our increased import amounts to 100000
tons, and unpaid for. Under the tariff Of 1912 the
domestic consumption of cotton grew from 267,-
600 bales to 600,0 Under that of 1876 we have
reduced it SO far that that of the present crop
cannot exceed, and may not equal, 500 and
our increased net import, that 10 TO say, the
of import deducting the excess of export does not
exceed Ten thousand baes-and for this we have not
paid. Under the tariff of 1912 the import of cot
tons doubled, while with a greater increase Of
population, and all the vast increase of debt, il
has exceeded that of 1916 by less than fifty per
cent. Under the tariff Of iS4a the domestic con- on.
sumption OF wool doubled, while under that of 1916
il has largely diminished; and yet the import of
woolIens, which increased sixty per cent under the
former has grown only fifty per cent under the lat
ter and for that have yet to pay. Under the tariff
Of ls42 the import of haxen goods almost doubled.
Under that of 1886 il has grown only sixty per cent.
That of copper more than doubled under the one,
while it has largely diminished under the other.
Silks and wines grew more than fifty per cent. un-
der the one, and we're paid for. Under the other
they have grown fifteen per cent, and are not paid
Tor. Coal grew under the one from million 10
three, and imports grew more than fifty per cent.
Under the other, production has remained station
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

In lS5O the total lumber exports to Lake Cham
plain, up TO October TO- amount to the lar ge amount
OF 81 ,705, 94l feet broad measure.
Burlington Courier.
heclosng the mines and furnaces and factories
has diminished the market for lumber; and Maine
is now being dcpopuated by the emigration of her
men to Minnesota there to engage in the prepa-
ration of new machines for future productions WHILE
in the mean time, we have to bring the food Of
Canada to feed the men engaged in making roads
by which they may come TO market, and the um
Der Of Canada to make the sills for those roads, and
build the houses of the workmcn employed in lay
| ing them.
In Is46 the quantity of SALT reaching tide water,
Buffalo, and Oswego, amounted to 2,7S6, 4s9bush.
BY lS49 it had reached. 1861 ,926
In 1850 there has been diInnution of produc-
ton to the extent 10 stated, of million Of bush
below, the point at which il stood in 1896
Every thing with which to pay for cloth or iron
il scarce, and hence the "gut' of cloth and iron
daily, and we are held TO be highly prosperous
because prices rise; and TIE less ePosrer 10 produce
commodifies TO be transported, the greater IS the sx
,phicA this diminished product may be earri.d 10
market, and linss Of steamers by sDhich the
short and steadily diminishing crops Of food, cot.
ton, and tobacco, may rtach the great market Of
Europe. The more roads we build. the fewer COM
modities produce; and the smaller our power OF
consumption, and our power TO maintain trade,
the greater is held TO be the necessity for new ma
| chnery oftradc The road by Tchuan tepec, as we
are told, grows in favor from day to day. Again,
We learn that the Nicaragua canal 10 the favorte;
while at the next instant, have the claims OF
MIR. Whitney's great road pressed upon US for con-
sideraton Mobile must have It's road to the lakes,
ono section OF which is to be six hundred and fifty
miles in length. Charleston seeeks a road to Mem
phis and ST. Louis is determined on one to the Rio
| Grande.
Canada knocks at door for permission TO in.
troducc her food and her wool duty free that she
may be enabled to go abroad to purchase cloth to
cloihe the men who grade her roads, and iron with
which TO lay them. Emigration to that country d.
minshes daily. II is less this year, by twenty per
| cent, than it was the last Her lands are diminish
| ing in value, for she has domestic market and
she finds herself compelled to look to for an out.
| Jet for her products. She sees that the greatest
market of the world for food is ours; and yet but
recently, told that had four hundred
millions Of bushels for which needed market
Canada pays twenty per cent duty, and competes
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30
THE REPUBLIC.
WASHINGTON:
WEDNESDAY MORNING. APRIL 80. 1851.

"Thc series of measures to which have alluded
are regarded by me settlement, in principle
and substance Anal settlement-of the danger
sous and exciting subjects which they embraced"
"By that adjustment we have been rescued from
: the wide and boundless agitation that surrounded
US, and have firm, distinct, and legal ground
to rest upon And the occasion, trust, will JUS
tify me IN EXPORTING NV coUNrRYMEN TO RALLY
UPON AND MAINTAIN THAT GROUND as the best, if
not the only means, of restoring peace and quiet
to the country, and maintaining inviolate the in
stegrity Of THE Union.''
[PREsIDENr FILLMoRE's MESSAGE.
.sThc Presidents message, at the opening of the
present session of Congress, expresses fully and
plainly his own and the unanimous opinion of all
those associated with him in the Executive admin
istration Of the Government, in regard to what
are called the Adjustment or Compromise mea-
sures of last session That opinion is, that those
measures should be regarded in principle as
q final settlement of the dangerous and exciting
subjects which they embrace; that though they
were not free from imperfections, yet, in their
mutual dependence and connection, they formed
a system of compromise the most conciiatory
and best for the entire country that could be OBJ
tanned from conflicting sectional interest and
opinions, and that therefore they should be ad-
hered to, until time and experience should de-
monstrate the necessity of further legislation to
guard against evasion or abuse. That opinion, 90
: far as know, remains entirely unchanged, and
will be acted upon steadily and decisively. The
peace ofthe country requires this the security OF
'the Constitution requires this, and overy conside
ration of the public good demands this. If the
Administration cannot stand upon the principles
ofthe message, 1t does not expect TO stand at all'
[DAsIEL WEDsrEa's Letter to the Union Meeting
at Westchester.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30
Bounty Land Claims.

Certain statements are going the rounds in
the Philadelphia Ledger and other journals,
which, we arc authorized to say from an Off
cial source, do not correctly represent the ac-
ton of the Pension Office on the bounty land
claims under the act Of September, 1850. It is
true, that the applications already received ex-
coed one hundred thousand in number, and are
increasing at the rate of five hundred day;
but so far from the claims themselves being per
mitted to slumber, they are subjected from their
first reception to rapid process of classification
and arrangement, which, though to superficial
observers itmay appear tedious and unnecessary,
is essential to guard against error and confusion,
and actually conduces to despatch. There are
now nearly three hundred warrants issuing
daily, and means are in constant exercise to
swell the number to four hundred and upwards.
Nearly fifteen thousand warrants have been is.
sued to various parts Of the country since the
plates were first received from the engravers.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

We invite the attention of our readers TO the
fifth chapter Of Mr.. CAREY's late pamphlet,
assuring them that, Notwithstanding its length,
the facts alone which it contains will well re-
ward them for the time required for its atten-
tive perusal. We beg them particularly TO
note that the object proposed in the enactment
of the tariff Of 1916 was that Of increasing
the quantity of our exports, for the purpose Of
purchasing foreign iron and cloth, and then to
determine If the results, thus far obtained, do
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30
The Expedition against Cuba.
Copy Of TtI.graphic d.spasch from

Copy Of 7tIegraphic despasch from
SAVANNAH, April %.
An expedition, it appears, has been set on
foot, and is marching South across the State.
To intercept and Illustrate the design, steam
boat has been chartered and officers sent
South,
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

Here are no lees than thirty seven millions
yielding no interest to their ooners, of which twenty
eight millions loaned out for the pront OF the
institutions with which they are deposited As a
matter of course dividends high, as will be
seen by the following table OF
Bank CapifaI and Profits. Boston and Ne,o YorE.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30
The Frontier.

The Union intimates that the force sent to-
the frontier by Mr.. CONRAD will prove made
quate for its protection. This is not unlikely.
But whose fault is ita The PRESIDENT urged
upon Congress the necessity of making ample
appropriations for our military establishment To-
this end. The SECRETARY OF WAR, in his
annual report and in repeated communications
to the committees Of the House, was equally
explicit and urgent. But the Democratic ma
jorites in Congress withheld the supplies me-
cessary for the public defence, and compel a re-
sort to that retrenchment in the military service
which in the end will prove the worst economy.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30
BOSTON.

In lS46 the banking capital Of both cities paid
little more than per cent, because there then
existed a demand for capital to be employed
in the building of mills and furnaces. and for a
thousand other purposes connected with the pro-
gress Of manufacturing industry. The otcners OF
that capital then received its profits. Now they
eeiue nothing, while banks make eight and nine,
and even ten per cent, derived from loaning the
capital of others, will be by the following
semi nn,Ia dividends of the banks of Philadelphia
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

If the reader will now turn back to page II, and
compare the present prices with those OF the clos
ing years of the tariff of 1928, TO wit, 1882, 1885,
and 1884, he will find but little difference between
that period and the present, That done, would
beg him to remark. that at that date our produc-
ton was increasing with great rapidity, because
home market scas rapidly groicing, and prices
were maintained because our necessity for depend
ing on foreign markets was diminishing. Now
our production is daily diminishing, and farmers
and planters are compelled TO look to short crops
our home market is diminishing with the dimin
ished power OF producing cloth and iron to ex-
change for food and cotton.
When production il large and prices are fair,
the laborer obtains good wages, and Ia enabled to
supply himself abundantly with food and clothing,
and ultimately to become the owner OF machinery
be used in aid of his labor, while tho farmer finds
his land increase in value; and then it is that all
grow rich. That such il the case, il proved by
the rapid increase in the consumption OF cotton
and woollen Cloths and of iron, under the tariff OF
1872. !.
When, on the contrary, production is small and
prices temporarily high, the laborer obtains
Less wages, and finds diminution in the power to
purchase food or clothing, and his power to accu-
mulate 10 destroyed, while the farmer finds his
lnnds diminishing In yaluc; and thus it ia that all
grow poor That such is the case, . proved by the
diminution in the consumption of cotton and wool
len coths Of fuel and Of iron, under the tariff Of
1896
With population two thirds greater than in
1894 we export less actual quantity OF tobacco
and rice, little more per head OF provisions, and
but about sixty per cent. more OF cotton, ana the
quantity falls from day 10 day. Such 10 the case with
almost every article Of domestic production, and Of
every one produce far less per head than we did
four years since The new crop Of mess pork ia
now selling in New York at 8 IA and mess beef at
Sis, being advance Of from forty to fifty
per cent upon the above prices, consequence
Of diminished production. The laborer suffers in
the price of his food, and the shp-ovrer suffers in
the diminished demand for ships.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

Maine sent to markell in lS42, of LuM-
BIER. .........,,.......,,, lll,OOO, 900
The quantity grew gradually until it
reached, in lS45. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. Hl,OOO,OOO
And the average of l845 and lS46 was. l56,OOO0 600
is4s it receded TO-. l6o 900, 900
In the present year the amount shipped
has been about. .................,.- 10000, 600
We have had vast increase Of population, and
yet the increase ia trivial.
II the reader desire to understand the cause Of
this he will find it in the following statement Of the
import from Canada:
Lake Champlain received Of sawed lumber from
the port of St. Johns
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

we have, as the total amount paid for
by our exports and our shipping =. 8 900
Tho population is estimated at f,centy.fo,r mil
lions, at which rate the imports would be about
. IL per head but, taking il at twenty three mil
lone, IL would be about 49, being about f,oenty-
three per cent. less than IL -four years since. II
must now be recollected that II 10 always ~.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

II we now deduct from this the debt
created, because Of the diminishing
power to send abroad commodities
in payment for those we require,
say only. A.