davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The republic., 1851-03-14

UNITED STATEs ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC STEAM
SHIP CoMPANY.-We understand that union has
been formed between the two rival companies, the
one known a the s Rowland & Aspinwall line,'
the other the claw line" This new arrangement
will take place from the LIST of April next.
The line will run from this city to Jamaica, Ha-
vana, and Chagres and from Panama to Monte
rcy, San Francisco, and Oregon, semi monthly.
There will be an independent line between this
city and Havana, touching at Charleston and Sa-
vannah This arrangement will be of importance
to southern cities and will shorten the distance
for the passengers from the North, much time ia
frequently spent in calling off Charleston and Sa-
vannab, and waiting for the passengers and mail.
The steamers the Atlantic side are the Geor-
gia, Ohio, Falcon, Cherokee, Empire City, Cres-
cent City, Philadelphia, Caribbean, and two new
ones, in a state Of great forwardness, making ten
frst-class vessels.
On the Pacific there will be thirteen steamers,
viz California, Panama, Oregon, Unicorn, Caro-
lima, Northerner, Tennessee, Republic, Columbus,
Isthmus, Antelope, Columbia, and Fremont--form-
ing, II is believed, the most splendid line of seam-
ers owned by any company.
The railroad over the Isthmus is going on rapid
ly and will, it is believed, be completed by the LIST
OF January, 1852. 1t is expected that a large por-
tion will be ready for travel by the lst of November
next.
Under this new arrangement it ia expected the
average trips from the city of San Francisco will be
thirty days. about the time it formerly required to
convey the mail between New York and New Or
leans.-Neto York Commercial, 18th.
The republic., 1851-03-14
The TariM.

The Tariff.
In another part Of our paper we give the third
chapter of Mr.. CAREY's pamphlet, containing
a view of the operation of the Compromise tariff.
to which we particularly invite the attention of
such Of our readers as desire to understand the
present condition of the nation. They will
there see that, as this law gradually became op-
erative in closing the mills and furnaces of the
Union, agricultural production diminished and
prices rose, giving an appearance of prosperity
that had no real existence. With increase of
prices exports diminished, while imports in
creased; and thus was created debt for the in
terest upon which we are now paying no less
than twelve millions of dollars per annum. We
are now pursuing precisely the same course.
The tariff of r846 is gradually closing the mills
and furnaces Of the Union, and agricultural pro-
duction is diminishing with the diminution Of
industrial production. The result under the
Compromise bill was universal ruin; and such,
as we conceive, must be the result of the pres
ent revenue system. Similar causes are likely
to produce similar effects; and that the causes
are similar our readers will be satisfied on a
perusal Of this and the future chapters of Mr..
CAREY's valuable contributions to our industrial
and financial history.
We cannot better introduce than in this con-
nexion pregnant paragraph from the late address
of the Whig central committee of New Hamp-
shire to the Wines of that State, confirming
the view of our affairs taken in the pamphlet Of
Mr.. CAREY. Speaking of the election Of MEM
bers of Congress, the address says:
The present depressed state Of the manu-
featuring interest, affecting directly the great
interest of labor, makes this a matter Of i'm
mense importance. The effect of the want
= Of protection to American industry, against
the competition Of the halffed, half clothed
labor of the old world, is now, unhappily, no
imaginary evil of political dreamers. The
day Of dreams has passed, and we are now
suffering under their dire fulfilment Thou
sands Of spindles in our own State alone are
= rusting for want Of motion, and thousands Of
hands not used to idleness are now unem-
ployed. Public sentiment throughout the
country is waking up to sense of the inn
portance of change in the policy of the
nation which shall restore these spindles to
action, and these hands to useful industry.
Men of the opposition party, in other States
more than in our own, are beginning to ac-
knowledge that there is something wrong in
this, and to look about anxiously for remedy.
" The only remedy, as we firmly believe,
is to be found in the protection Of our own
laboro
The republic., 1851-03-14

LArER FROM vEsEzUsLA.-By the arrival Of the
barque Governor Won Oxholm, a New York, from
La Guaya are in possession Of datee TO the I3th
utimo, from which we learn that the greatest tran.
quilIity reigned throughout the republic, and every
thing indicated season of unequallcd prosperity.
The new president has been installed and backed,
az he s by nine tentbs Of the country bis admins
trAton 1t il predicted, will be very successful one
PhiIa. North Am<rican
The republic., 1851-03-14

FaoM RIo DE JASkIao.--By the arrival at this
port yesterday morning Of the barquc Minnesota,
Captain veacock, from Rio de Janciro, which place
shs left on the 20th Of January, we have intelli-
gencc from Brazil some ten days later There was,
however, news Of consequences at Rio Two
days after the Minnesota left that port, one OF her
passengers, Mr.. James c. Aiken, son of the Rev.
=. c. Aiken, Of Cleveland, Ohio, died on board OF
bcmorrhagc Of the lungs.-Phf North Ameyicsn,
The republic., 1851-03-14

mort After this the growth of export was trivial.
From 1929 30 to lS333l it bad grown regularly
from 300 900 TO 35S 900 900 Of pounds, thirty
three per cent; whereas in the three following
thus scarcely exceeding the growth Of population.
So was it with other southern products, is here
shown:
Rirs-fsercss T,,Isacro--Lhds
The republic., 1851-03-14

The Senate. having got through the princi-
pal business for which they had been convened
in extra session, adjourned yesterday sine die.
The republic., 1851-03-14
The Previous Question in tho s.nat.

The Previous Question In the eenates
The Washington correspondent Of the Buf-
falo Journal Of Commerce gives a graphic
sketch of the movements of Senators Souls and
CLEMENS in the Senate on the last night Of the
late session. Every one who was present will
vouch for the accuracy of the delineation. This
picture will be of itself sufficient to convince
the American people that their Senate cannot
get along with the public business without the
aid Of some provision to arrest irrelevant and
impertinent debate, and to prevent the recur
renee Of such humiliating scenes.
Mr.. soULE.
"Mr. Soule ingcniously endeavored to kill time
by introducing long prosy report, which he sent
TO the clerks dcsk to be read. After an hour had
elapsed, during which the Senate had relapsed into
confusion nobody listening to the tones of the clerk
whose voice was completely drowned, Phelps, of
Vermont, begged to be spared any further infiic-
ton. After long rambling debate, the Senate
voted 70 dispense with the further reading.
MR.. CLEMENS.
"Senator Clemens, of Alabama, next essayed to
immortalixe himself by new move Piling upon
his desk large number of volumes Of documents,
he commenced reading in a slow, indistinct tone.
~ part ofa speech. the message Of President Polk
He was asked 10 read louder and more rapidly. to
which he replied he was afraid he might be tired.
How many documents he read through nobody
knew, a. nobody listened, and the conversation Of
both Senate and galleries kept up such confused
murmur that il would have been impossible, had
any ono felt disposed. Several Senators went out
for refrcshmcnt others reclined in the attitude of
resting themselves"
The republic., 1851-03-14

We have thus reached the period of extraordinary
vibrations in the cotton crop; and it may not be
traordinary extent of those vibrations and the ex-
traordinary vibration Of prices; and then to show
what the causes of those prodigious changes by
which the growing of cotton has been rendered
mere gambling, the only hope of proper remunera-
ton to any Of the growers being that which ia based
upon the destruction of portion of the crop of 9TH
ers. by aid of which the supply may be kept down
The republic., 1851-03-14

RAILROAD CELERRArIoN IN SPAIN.--Twclve of
tho broad columns OF the Crtnica published at New
York, are filled with account copied from the
Madrid newspaper La E.paHo, descriptive of the
celebration OF the Madrid and Aranjuez railroad,
which took place on the 9th of February last This
road was commenced in 1886, and il the second
railroad which has been completed In Spain-tho rst
extending from Barcelona to Matart, ON the Medi-
terranean coast. The distance from Barcelona to
Matart is something thirty English miles, and
that from Madrid to Aranjuez Is about the same in
direct line, though by the railroad line may be
something further, as wo observed that the imc
fixed for the passage is hour and thirty minutes
including stoppages.
On the occasion Of the celebration, their majesties
the Queen, the King, the Queen Mother, tho In
fantc Don Francisco, and his family, the royal
ministers, the members of the Cortes, the Captain
General, and the Mayor of Madrid, the members of
the different foreign legations, other guests, and
large number Of shareholders, werc conveyed, af-
ter imposing religious ceremonies had been per-
formed, from Madrid to Aranjuez and back.
On the same day Lord Howden, the British min
ister, gave grand banquet to the officers Of the
Spanish army, and made speech in the Spanish
language.
The republic., 1851-03-14

TAYLOR MAuar have received tho Christian
Examiner for March, with the continuation of Mrs.
PurNAMs admirable review Of BownE's articles
on Hungary, HcEr's Merchants Magazine for the
same month, and the fifteenth number Of the Far
mers Guide by STEPHENS, from the press of LnoN-
Aap scorr Co., OF New York. They have also
scorr's edition of the Edinburgh Rsvisso for Jan.
uary, containing its usual variety Of able and In
tercsting articles.
The republic., 1851-03-14
l,709 2,044 1924 2,6l2 2,976 3,05t
increaae C0 IA 1C1 ID z

This vast movement towards the cotton
growing States; and we may now inquire whether
or not the quantity of cotton produced grew in the
employed in its production That it did not, viii
be seen by the following table:
The cron grown in 1895 had
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1851-08-15

In round numbers upon slope of in A. or 100
feet to the mile, horse draw only three-quar-
ters as much as he upon a level; on slope of
l in "a or 22O feet to the mile, he can draw only
half as much and on slope of in 10, or 500 feet
to the mile, only one-quarer much
Though horse on level is as strong as FIVE men.
yet on steep hill it is less strong than three for
three men, carrying each 100 pounds, will ascend
faster than a horse with 800 pounds.
There is a popular theory that gently undulat-
ing road is less fatguing to horses than one which
is perfectly level 1t is said that the alterations
ascent descent, and levels call into play different
muscle allowing some to rest while the others are
exerted, and thus relieving each in turn.
Plausible this speculation appears first glance
it will be found examination to be untrue, both
mechanically and physologically for, considering
it in the former point of view it is apparent that
new ascents formed which offer resistances not
compensated by the descents and in the latter we
find that it is contradicted by the structure of a
horse.
My acquaintance with the muscles by no means
enable me to explain how horse should be more
fatigued by travelling a road uniformly level than
by travelling like space upon that crosses
heights and hollows; but it is demonstrably FALSE
idea, that muscles alternately rest and come in
motion in cases of this kind. Much is to be ascrib
ed to prejudice originating with the man, continual
ly in quest of variety, rather than with the horse
who consulting only his own ease, seems quite un
conscious of Hogarth's line of beauty
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1851-08-15
Stage For Cutting Plants for Hay.

There has heretofore been considerable diversity
of opinion in regard to the proper stage at which
plants should be cut for hay. 1t will be remember
ed that this journal has for several years advocated
the practice of cutting while the heritage in flow
on the primer pie that greater amount of nutr-
tious matter is then contained in the plant than at
later stage. Although the present heavy season
is nearly over the following observations from the
North British Agriculturalst, will be read with ad-
vantage. The remark in regard to the value of the
rowen aftermath we believe to be entirely cor
rect. being supported by the experience of many of
the best farmers. The remarks in regard to rye
grass, would apply equally we'll to most grasses Gull
tiyated for hay in this country:
AS regards the common mixtures of rye-grass
and clovers, the most common error is in allowing
these to become over-ripe previous to cutting This
is n most serious mistake, and one that no after
management can remedy. Both ryeg grass and clo-
yer, they begin to mature the seed are converted
into woody texture the starch and gum undergo
ing change, rs the seed arrives at maturity. As
the seed of the rye grass becomes matured it drops
off. during the process of forming it into hay while
that of the clover plant loses the leaves and often
the flour The wonder is, after 80 much has been
written about the evils which result from allowing
hay to become oyer-ripe that custom and pre- udice
should continue powerfully TO influence the prac
tice of many farmers. The bulk is indeed greater
but the weight is often not increased arising in part
from the plants losing their leaves and seeds IRE
spectve of the loss of the leaves and seeds the Sc
eond crop of grass is seriously injured when the first
crop is allowed to stand beyond the proper period.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1851-08-15

IN THE subscriber offers for sale the whole Of hs3
!:iA Real Estate, which is situated as follows: 4
The Plantation and Wood Lands where he now rs,s&
on Black River, New Hanover county. containing IHhEL
THOUSAND ACRES on which is an excellent SAW AND
GR1ST MILL, worked by water power.
Also, the Plantation the River, known as the COe
place, containing EIGHT HUNDRED ACRES, NO o.
which cleared and under cultivation.
Also, another tract lying the River, Immediately 6s
the above known the Hatcher place, containing A
TY-FlVE HUNDRED ACRES, with 300 Acres under fGns
and cultivation Some of these Lands are very excen
swamp and easy to drain The upands are we'll set wit
Turpentine Pines that have never been boxed D.:
Also another Plantation the South side OF Back M.
err containing FOUR THOUSAND ACRES. ana Know
as the Colley Mills with excellent set OF MILE drove y
water power. The Mills in good repair mere IS u
this tract excellent Swamp Land portion Of Tn t
is under cultivation. The water power behcVeu 10 % G
best in the lower part of the State. The upan6s Of
tract abound in a growth of large Turpentlne flhe NV
greater portion of which have never been boxed: 70
Persons wishing purchase will find it to their
view the above Lands they be had on H.
ting terms. The Lands will be shewn by the OVERSEES
siding on either of the above premises or by the GTR
CHARLES HENRI
Black River, New Hanover CO., n. CO. 3s-tf
May Both, 1851.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1851-08-15
A nlOt of ground
Roads,

Some people are beginning to find there has been
great waste of horse flesh, from the unnecessary
steepness of hills which they are required to
climb in many of long-traveled roads. This is a
knowledge that has come late to portions of this
country but come it has, at last, and thankful are
we, both for ourselves and the animals that it is
found to be matter of dollars and cents to make
roads approximating as nearly level as localities
and a reasonable expenditure will admit.
In drive the past season, of hundreds of
miles, mostly through the oldest settled portions of
the Eastern States we often observed in Of the
frequened roads steep ascents that might with little
trouble be entirely avoided. A little more circuit
Gus route, nearly level road, would enable the
team to reach point at easy trot, with less ia
tgue and in half the time he is tugging at his load,
now dragging it up steep hill, and anon holding it
back. The entire cost of the land on some new
route and the expense of grading and working a
road would be paid semi-annually by the economy
in time and horse flesh, on portions of many of our
thoroughfares.
We fin. the comparative draught of horse on
level and varying ascents, in Gillespie's work on
roads, thus stated
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1851-08-15
Agricultural.
Guano aud Plaster.

To the Editor of the american, Farmer
You are discussing a most important point IN az
riculture, while guano continues so largely In use
as to whether it is injurious otherwise to mix II
with plaster before sowing ] trust those OF your
readers who have experience in the matter, Will come
out under their signatures so as to let us Judge
of the weight of authority and let US all have the
benefit CT it.. For my own part, have USED gnano
and plaster in almost every form and with some
reru extraordinary results such for example, as lind
ing no benefit from the application of guano desolv-
ed in water, upon wheat or grass applied IN April J
| have used the guanO pure, broadcast on Wneat anu
narrowed in, in the months of February and March,
ditto mixed with plaster and narrowed In at once,
ditto pIouched in pure,-dtto mixed with plaster,
charcoal and aluvial earth, part of which remained
mixed and covered the heap with an inch OF plaster,
for month then sOwn and narrowed in and lastly
mixed and poughed in. But such is the difficulty
of giving accurate results from those farm operations
which are not intended experiments, that can't
be confident in giving you any precise difference In
these various modes ! am confident however in the
efficacy of mixing plaster, charcoal &c, with guano
before using-it is with me an experiment that has
been tried, and the result knotcn. The field on
which this mixture was sown two years ago, showed
the benefit at once the wheat, and continued to
show it the grass (clover and timothy till they
were turned under last fall for wheat. Your cor
respondent T. S. P seems to differ from the above.
therefore give it you fact, far as my expe-
rience goes,-let others forward and give
theirs, either pro con-what the public wants IS
the truth it can only be got at by facts-mere
theory will not do it witness Liebig's failure,
happily quoted by 7. S. P.
In conclusion, as am writing very hastily, just
on the point of leaving home the result of my &c
perience in the of guano for the last years
is in full accordance with common sense view of
the matter viz that though greater temporary
effect may be, and think generally is produced on
entire confidence that the result of the harvest,
we'll the after crops of grass will prove decidedly
in favor of an abundant mixture of absorbents with
the guano before using it.
combination formed by the mixture of guano and
plaster will be in great degree insoluble. l can
only say, without goodly portion of rain, have
found all manures fail-guano, stable manure, and
plaster. &c. with 1t Old Mother Earth, more
subtle chemist than Davy or Leibig, will dissolve
pure sIer. and give it to the wheat stalk.
Yours in haste,
Jackson, n. c. H. K. BURGwYN.
Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1851-08-15


THE following books, vz:-Genevra, the History
Il of Portrait, by an American Lady Hear what the
Saturday Courier says oft We take much pleasure in
commenting to readers work, just issued full
and perfect edition of the popular Novelette, Genevra
of the most striking American productions issued
IN this country There passages in it that have
been surpassed by any living author 1t is published
pete in octave volume of 200 pages for the low
price of 30 cents.
Continuation of Dickens Pickwick Papers. Pickwick
Abroad, The Tour in France, admirable continual
ton of Bos famous Poshumous papers of the Pckwick
Club and pro become equally popular The charac-
tiers sustained with great spirit and fidelity and the
scenes and INCIDENTS are varied and full Of life;
The irish Widow, or The Last of the Ghosts.
The Gold Worhippers, The Days Live In, future
historical novel one of Harpers best publications
Louise La Vaiere parts the conclusion of the Iron
Mask Dumas last and best work.
The Countess of Rudolstadt Sequel Consuelo full of
chaste and beautiful imagery.
Mary Howitt's last work, The Heir of Vast Way
land this will be very acceptable book for the ladies'
Mcconnell Those who know anything of the authors s-
cnatng style of compo on will be anxious to possess
themselves of this book
lent work interviewer with deep and thrilling interest
The Glenns, farniy history, by J. L, Mcconnell The
author has read the human heart great variety of pha
ses, and describes with the pen of a master.
Caroline of Brunswick Sd part.
Lord and Lacy Harcourt, Country Hospitaites full
of wit and hr11nor.
1851 The Adventures Mr. and Mrs Sandboys their
son and daughter, who up London enjoy them
Selves End to see the great Exhibition.
SIP Anish without master; French do do; Latin do do
Ger do do; Italian do do. 25 apiece, all five
for dollar.
etiquette for Ladies' Do for Gentlemen Knowlson's
+ arrier; Do. Cow Doctor
The Invade the Pictures Of the French Revolution
Romance.
The Fair Isabel, the Fanatics of the Cevennes tale Of
the Huguenot War, deeply Interesting work.
Evangelical Catholic Truth in six sermons delivered by
the Rev w Cairns, A. NJ formerly Pastor of this place
ALSOzThe Velvet Cushions and the explanations the
July 4th. 1851 43-tf