The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-05

vigor for FIVE or six years. There are severa
different descriptions Of cotton among them
white, grey, purple, and various shades OF nan
keen-all Of which can be produced In the same
abundance, although the white Is principally cul
tivated, the foreign demand being confined to this
description. In the coming crop lin this and the
you, specimen Of these different kinds Of cotton.
with their seed, for distribution among your
Southern friends. Al home have only seen the
white and nankeen-s as il is many years since
left, all the kinds mentioned may have become
common there. The indigo plant springs up in
all parts, in years of rain, but cultivated, gives
better yield but there is little attention paid to the
cultivation of this, or OF the cochineal, which
can be produced to advantage. In thus Part
worm, although | have seen the mulberry
tree in stale Of perfection such as il attains
in few parts of the world. Potatoes and most of
the kitchen vegetables known in our country can
be raised; the same is true of tobacco, arroz cof-
fee, and sugar. Ihe want of enterprise, aided,
perhaps, by want of capital, is the reason for
which this country remains in nearly the same
Pizarro. The landed properly is in the hands Of
the few the mass OF the farmers holding their lands
by lease. The estat vary in size The one from
which address you this letter has an extent of
fourteen leagues, forty-two miles, by the river;
but there are few mammoth properties Of this kind
The circumference of the estate is ninety miles,
and il only gives its owner some three thousand
dollars year in favorable years! In dry years
it cannot be reckoned one halt this sum; in most
favorable times, being less than five per cent
on its value. (By the way, the current rate
for money is two per cent per month The
owners of estates exercise a feudal power
over the people who live upon their lands-for the
most part Indians and negroes, who, although free,
are generally Ignorant of their
justice something after the "Judge Lynch" style
their position shielding them from the consequent
ces which in other parts W ould be likely to follow
DYOcpPdinOa A m
or slavery, we should say, of the
people cannot be found than in the public cleo
tions, being led TO tn polls like flock of sheep,
by the owners or Overseers Of the estates on which
they live, depositng in the ballot.box the vote
they have given them; and wo to him who refuses
TO go, or going, does not fulfil the will of his pa
The river Chira has several small villages on
its bank-l had almost said "flourishing viii
lagos" Gas we say at home) but il here would
be an absolute iasehood--lhese villages pursu-
ing the quiet, even tenor Of their way, Cor the
way OF their fathers) without even dream
ing that village may "fourish" considering
this the prerogatve of their potato and corn patches
much less grow into city. There is no appa-
rent increase or decrease, they appearing to have
reached the highest pinnacle Of prosperity at which
they can aspire, in the present state of things. In
fact, country in which all branches of industry
exist IN the same state as they existed in the 10th
century, il is not wonderful that all the ourishlng
is confined to her natural productions. 1t is la
mentabls to see country blessed by nature is
this, In her climate, soil and mineral productions,
so little aided by the hand of man-lke an aban.
doned child left to her own resources, or to acct
dent, without any of the aid which education
would give her in the pursuit OF prosperity and a
worthy national standing. The pride of ignorance,
united with the bigotry Of the people, make them
unwilling to learn anything from foreigner, con-
sideTiDg us all, in their great wisdom, but little
better than brutes. Knowing nothing Of geogra-
ply, they consider Peru, the largest, best, and
wisest Of all earthly powers, and that all the chill
dren have secured similar place in the other
word-being at the head of the list in point of merit
Pinoa, the capital of the province, is situated on
the rver OF the same name, and is distant fourteen
leagues from Paita, her port of entry The course
OF the river Chira is southwest, that of the river
Pinoa southeast, and the distance from river
to river at this place is four or five leagues. The
population of Pinoa is said to be $4,000, and it has
been fiourishing place, although it now appears
to be going down hull II contains many good build
ings, and IFS inhabitants are noted for their hospi
tally, and for higher state Of cultivation than
that attained by the rest of the province. The
river drysu every year; but this affords an oppor
tunity OF extending the limits OF the small farms
which occupy its banks-planting the whole bed of
the river-but with something more of labor, as
they are obliged to replace the sand, with earth
from the banks, and oftentimes the unlocked for
coming OF the waters swallows up in moment
the labor Of months.
The customs Of the people participate in their &c.
neral features with those of all tropical countries
in great laxity Of morals, combined with an OBJ
stinate superstition which deties all attempts at
conviction AL this they have came honestly by,
being the legacy of their forefathers in this re.
spect having he advantage over US, who rob from
other countries and graft into ous social system
manners and customs which are little adapted or
in coneonance with the principles of our ancestors.
What, perhaps, forms contrast favorable TO
this country over all others, is the uniform preva-
lence OF the most generous hospitality. In the
howell OF the poorest laborer, as WE II as in the
palace Of the richest Don, the wayfarer or stranger
whatever m ~ rlr 10 hsar lv
welcomed, and, as far as may be in their power,
supplied with all that he may require. The warm,
full, and ample manner ia which they exercise
their hospitality is what gives il its greatest
charm, having the tact TO make themselves
appears the favored party In opposition to this
favorable feature in their character am forced TO
cay, that in no part of the world excepting, per-
haps, some Of the French colonies, is the vice Of
lying earned TO greater extent, or rendered more
interesting, lf vice can be made interesting, }
having the peculiar knack of dsarming all susp-
con as to their sincerity by the eanes,ness Of their
menner, united with appeals to the Virgin Mother,
and the thousand and one saints of the calendar to
attest 10 the truth of whatth tell promise you.
The little attention paid TO preserve the honor
OF these fctigos thus invoked forces upon stran-
ger the conviction Of the little reality Of the appa-
rent respect which they pay them. II is extremely
difficult for Yankee, who has been taught TO con-
slider the "ie given one of the greatest insults to
accusiom himself patiently to hear the daily use OF
'you lie" and this even in the best society Of the
corhiy, uhu e'th ia tue Puoic ueWspdPefs Whcn
addressing or treating Of their public Characters
being so common, In fact, that no one considers
his honor in any way injured, and much less does
IL enter their thoughts that il should be re-
sented as the last and greatest insult offered to man
The vice OF gambling is universal, equally preva-
lent among the rich as among the poor. The
great feasts (eRgious) celebrated so frequently by
cal ling together large bodies OF idle people, serve
TO keep alive the pernicious vice and is in these
feasts that we see men OF comfortable circum-
stances, stimulated by example influence of
friends, and &c aauraI excitement of the occa.
sion, lose their reason, and with their reason all
their worldly goods returning to their home, COM
pletely ruined. Drunkenness also abounds in these
feasts, although, as general thing, they are q
temperate people, In an after letter. will describe
some 81 the peculiar customs Of this people wsth
only.
The religion Of the country is at very low ebb,
very few fulfilling the obligations Of strict caiho-