North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-11-19

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nation elected the head of the house of Hapsburg a
her sovereign, the country contained upwards OF =
900 German geographical square miles, which, al
informed are equal to about IOO,OU0 English squar
miles, and fifteen millions of peopie-no small or IL
significant realm, as you will admit. Hear, hear
Al that time, too, the house of Hapsburg ruled con
s,itutionally in all their other provinces, but subse
queny those provinces lost their rights and, thfoug
the whole of the three centuries, the direction of tn
ambition of the house of Hapsburg has been to Obtain
undsputed absolute dominion all their territories
Shortly before the Pesth struggle there was not i
single province of the Austrian empire that had
constitution, the ambition of the house of HapsburG
having absorbed the constitutional rights OF ALL Ou
constitutional rights not absorbed, because WI
did not belong to the Austrian empire; nor had WI
any connection with it, except such as that OF Hano
with this country, with this exception, that TIT
line of succession not limited in the same man
ner. We administered coronation oath, setting fortt
that there to be connection between Hungary
and any other province, and that while we acknowl
edged the same sovereign, rights were 10 be pre-
served, and we were TO be governed solely by ou
own laws and customs. Hear, hear We alsc
provided that in the sovereignty should, in the
line of succession, fall into the hands of child, the
same should not be adopted as in the case o.
Austria. In such d contingency the regent of Aus
tria would be some elder member of the royal fami
ly; but provided thata Hungarian palatine should
be appointed, that constitutional rights should
not be absorbed. These rights were also protected
| by municipal institutions, which, with an inherent
strength that never could be completely broken stead
! lily resisted tine entertainments of the crown Fer
haps may illustrate the defensive strength OF these
institutions by alluding to the siege Of Saragossa by
| Napoleon. When Napoleon had battered down the
walls, he far from success as ever, because
he had to fight single battles with the citizens in
cry street. So it in Hungary with her municipal
institutions. CCheers.] l remember an occasion
when the house of Hapsburg, in defiance OF the Far
lament levied troops and raised the taxes from one
to a.haf times much they were before,
and when the majority of over 6ftywo OF our coun-
ties, influenced by terror and every other means at
the disposal of the government submitted to the en-
croachment. At that time there were only ten or
twelve comats that resisted, and the resistance of
even these few effective as that of the people
of Samgossa. Loud cheers. BY these means we
preserved, through all encroachments, some shadow
of independence but the Austrian government, hav-
ing obtained absolute power in their other provinces,
took every MEANS from open violence to the most in
sdious Frauds to overthrow municipal institutions.
They fomented our quarrels, undermined our nation
al character impoverished country, and corrupted
mobiles.
Our Parliament, which ought TO be convened once
in three years. was not convened for twenty and so
arbitrary government went until at last became
aware that from 100000 to 100000 mobiles would not
be sufficient defend the rights of the country from
the despotc tendencies of Austria. From this point
date struggles, which have now lasted for about
twenty eight years. We decided that best safe
guard would be inspire all the people with the SEN
timens of patriotism, by giving all an equal interest
in constitutional rights. Loud cheers.] Thatwas
the direction of public opinion in Hungary in 1925.
We felt the necessity the more, because although we
had board of council of government. which by law
was responsible to the country and were bound not
to carry into execution any order even of the sover-
eign which ccntrary to our laws, still We knew
that there was real responsibility in this council
because corrupt body be made to feel respon-
sibility. Individuals may be made responsible, but
when the government becomes collective responsibility
y vanshes. We saw, therefore, that our rights and
privileges vanishing under the Vaccinations
IF the Austrian government in which Meternich was
hen all in all and feeling that 100000 mobiles could
llu Cd
o give the whole fifteen millions of our people an in
crest in constitutional rights, and motive for de-
ending them. The peasantry must form an impor-
ant consideration in every country but doubly 50 in
Hungary, which was and is chiefly an agricultural
country. The condition of our peasantry became,
hen, the first topic with reformers, who felt that
'ur country SO highly gifted by Nature, could
made the earthly paradise ought to be except by
rec aborers enjoying constitutional rights and, see
ng that peasant had to work for his landlord one
hundred and four days in the year, to which must be
dded Sundays, festivals, and winter, and had to
1--WE the ninth of his produce to the segneur, the
enth TO the bishop, we felt that this condition
contrary to human rights and the prHciples-of JUS
ice. Loud cries of {" Hear, Heart The first
hing, then, we did was TO emancpate the people.
Loud cheers.1 The reform, however, was only eff
ected by slow degrees In the long Parliament, which
at from 1882 to 1886. it was proposed in the lower
ouse-which consists wholly of elected members
hat every peasant should have the right to make
mself free of his feudal and seiqnorial burdens by
aging of the capital of his dues. At first we pro-
osed that this power should be Independent of TIE
will of the landlord, but opposed by the House
Lords, until at last, by the influence ofgovernment,
was reduced to the privilege of purchasing free
ON with the consent of the landlord. The modified
leasure carried by the Commons and Lords, but
as refused by the Regent, who was thus at issue
nth the people on this great question in 1886.
hOuld state that the members of the Commons voted
they instructed by the comitats and therefore
towards the latter that the intrgmes of the gov
Tnment were principally directed They could not
orrupt them by means of the Count Palatine, who,
eng by Office President of the House of Lords, |
ould intrigue with the county meetings, and c
erefore other persons were selected to carry into
he county meetings every species of corruption. I
Hear, hear. They appointed administrator in Q
~ county, who should leave the county, but
present al every meeting, control every act, and |
'rruPt every troublesome member in order that the
'mitais might become at last the instruments Il
tools of government. twas this system we OPP I
'sed with all our strength of mind and body, but e
it'll no narrow view to the privileges of our own F
ass. We wanted these institutions be independ-
1t, in order that We might reform system n
r the bsneht of the entire people. Loud cheers. I
ut the more we developed views OF reform, the
ore actively the government set their administrators
work throughout the country, and that ouE IL
ndiiion up TO the Diet of October or November, a
~, year or so before the French revolution. l v
sh TO show that in Hungary were not revolu- t
,nisis- am not blaming revolutions-but the Hun d
rans were engaged in secret conspiracy, but at
bile meetings, and in an open and constitutional )
ay, struggled manfuly for their rights. Hear, II
ar.l myself had the honor to be elected a men, 81
of the Parliament of l847, for the metropolitan
unity Of pes.h, when the government of the day did
erythlng possible 10 prevent my election. The IL
od sense OF the mobiles, however, carried in tr
nph' [Cheers. The first question l proposed, a
cording TO the instructions had received from my a
that municipal institutions b
oud be restored to their original purity that the
lem Of dmi nictr chouId ho abo lick