The New York herald., 1851-07-15

uOuplt0' luoNcMtut) Il Will now, continued M.
Theirs, speak of cattle. The great difficulty for
England with respect to cattle is the mode Of car
riage but in France, with railway transport, no
such difcuity exists, and rs many cattle as you
If only amounting to 20 per cent, would give vo-
lent shock to the class who breed cattle among
US. Likewise, if the duty on wool were lowered so
as to allow 1t to be brought more freely from other
with the breeding Of cattle in Psardy for instance
where magnificent wool is produced the envy Of 70.
reigners themselves. | feel satisfied that if wool
Su,, %as not protected by duty Of 10 per cent the
named to US M. Dofus, who is an advocate for free
trade; but why should he not be! Hewishes to see
plain calicoes introduced free because he is a manu-
facturer OF printed ones, and the change could
not but be favorable to himself personally. In the
same way, other articles of produce are all pro-
tected in france-wines, perhaps, being the only
one not sufficiently But let it once attempt to
compete. free trade being established, with the
infinitely worse. M. St. Beuve has spoken of the
high price Of coal, which he calls the arms of peace
but he might just as well have called it the arms of
war, for such, in the present day. it certainly is.
French Goals is caused by the difficulty Of transport;
and yet during the last eighteen years, the govern
ment has done much on that point, and the conse-
quence has been that French coal has sensbly di-
minished English coal at present arrives at Nantes,
Bordeaux, Dieppe, &c. Effect the slightest change
in your tariffs, and you will English coal at
once arriving, not at the seaports, but at Tours,
Paris, and other large towns What further con-
sequence will there be? This-that French coal
will be extracted from the pits in smaller uanti-
ties, and the mining population, which is one so
difficult to be formed will be rapidly dispersed;
likewise, that if you have war, you will be
obliged to procure coal from Belgium, which willnot
be sble perhaps to furnish all you want, or, if she
does, will make you pay for it high price Again,
with respect to iron, which M. st. Beuve thinks
can do without protection, could demonstrate to
trade has made such progress-the price being di-
minished from 26f. 20 22f. the quintal-that there
IS but a very slight difference at present between
the French production and that Of England In
fact, the difference between the price of iron in the
two countries is only from If SOC. to 2f Soc. the
quintal, and that difference is caused by the difficult
ty of the transport. (1ear, hear) The hon.
gentleman then briefly remarked on the improve
ment which had taken place in the commercial situ-
tion OF France since the revolution Of February,
and then added-Ah, can very well conceive that
when people has small territory, like that of the
three British islands, it should feel the greatest
anxiety to have foreign markets opened to it; but
when country has a market like France, it ought
to endeavor to keep it to itself, and then give what
is not wanted to Others if any such remainder there
should happen to be. Laughterl Just see what
from is 5OOO,O to 2OOOO,OOO of cotton thread or
twist-at present she produces 700,OOO,OO0. Move
ment.) Ten years back she produced 100000 of
kilogrammes Of cotton cloths while at present the
anO cunt is price tne one quantity
being the same as for the other, which proves how
much wages had fallen. The honorable gentleman
thenproceeded to argue that a reduction in the
duty iron would not be of any great advan-
tage to agriculture, looking at the quantity which
it employed. As to cotton, the case would be the
same. French cotton cost thirty per cent more
than the English cotton; if the protective duty,
which only entered into that figure for six per cent,
we're suppressed, there would still remain twenty
four per cent in favor of England. What, then,
caused that difference ofprice This circumstance,
that England produced by immense masses, which
lessened the price of manufacture, at the time
pose that that duty of six per cent were suppressed
Of what great advantage would it be to the French
consumer! (Movement:) As to what regards
navigation, continued Nj. Theirs, NJ. st. Beuve
/ have always remarked that when experiment
does not succeed the fault is laid on those
who commenced it. II is thus that the treaties Of
ls26 and 1877 are blamed, whereas consider that
they ought to be approved Of. for We were in the
end forced to accept the equality of fag with
the United States. How was that Because,
when a nation lays tax on matters at home,
i can do so with impunity; but when it
imposes duty on foreign vessels, the coun-
try to which they belong will in return act
similarly. France long played at tariffs with the
United States, but, in the end, obliged to yield
i he Americans constructed vessels Of 900 tons;
Havre, piqued at the superiority attributed to the
Americans for so doing, also built vessels of 1000
tons; but could only find freight for 300 400 tons
for the Americans, who had plenty ofc)t,on to send
to Europe, began by filling their own bottoms, and
then gave the rest as freight to ours AFFIRM then,
that the price Of goods depends on circumstances
quite independent Of tariffs-oten local and
peculiar circumstances. great nation cannot con-
sent to depend on foreign powers for its daily sup
plies. We cannot look 70 others for iron, Goals,
and tissues. The hon. gentleman here entered into
an examination Of the theory Of Laisss- fairs,
diSss- passo. He examined what had taken place
in England under Henry VIII, and reminded the
Chamber that wooens produced at that period in
England were sent to Flanders, where they were
spun and sent back in a manufactured state. |
y What" said the hon. gentleman, +" was the con-
duct adopted by Henry VIII! He levied heavy
duty Flemish manufactures, and forced the Eng
sh to manufacture for themselves Every one |
knows to what extent they manufacture cloths.
hat was what the wicked Henry VIII. did; and
4 that had been al he did would not apply the
term wickedtohim. QLaughter) When the Eng
sb, after taking possession Of India, wished |
TO take to their own country the manufacture Of cot
ION goods, they levied heavy duties cottons anu
actured in India, and after they had ruined India
hey lowered the duties" The honorable gentle
nan, in support of his argument, said that England
vas determir ed to do everything Of itself, and inde
,endently Of other urtries, and alluded to
he construction Of tie Crystal Palace. lie
hen continued to bring forward arguments to
rove that the theory above alluded to was
he result Of Indifference Of folly, and of pueri-
ity. such things might, he said, be done
n England, but the example could not be followed
,eace, TO support certain branches Of manufactures
,y protective duties which would enable them to
ievelope themselves by degrees. ] will mention
he linen trade as an example. A duty Of Eve per
ent frst established; that was found to be in
ufhcent, and 1t was afterwards increased to ten,
.ftesD ard twenty five per cent, and the result was
hat 1C0, 600, ,0O0f saved to the country. Such
vas the resul. ofprotection now come to my last
rgument, according to the example Of England
md America. We have the Exhibition Of London
o form a comparison to the strength Of nations
he exhibition of London, that noble and grand imi-
alton Of France, England there takes the lead,
trough her speciality in great portion Of her
{ anufactures. She has nothing TO fear for iron,
oal, or cotton. Masters Of markets for their pro.
luctiens, the English have been led {, believe
hat in all other respects they could support
rec trade. But for silk goois, for gloves,
nd other articles, England has protected in
erior articles. A. far as that, however, free trade
as not been unfsvorable to England. 1t has not
een the same with corn; that was only brought
bout by political pressure. The aristocrscy,
owever, knew how to make sacrifices, for that body
essentially liberal; II is the mother and the guar
ian Of liberty in England, and think that II the