The New York herald., 1851-12-06

people cannGt lsng hesitate which to choose; and
it only remsins to decide upon tee msaos necsssa-
ry to be adapted to effect the contemp plated revsiu-
work % sad viii rssurs Hnn Tina for M
plshment; but 1t can, and belive, will bs achisv-
ed. II must be commenced by substituting kind. |
pess for coercion; by feeding and clothing them,
rather than warning upon and driving them from
It cannot be denied that the most ofths dspreia.
tions committed BY the Indians on our frontiers
population compels them to relinquish their fertile
lands and seek refuge in sterile regions, which fur.
nish neither corn nor game for their subsistence
!mPssd BY hunger they seize the ,hss hhoTss mules
satisfy the cravings Of nature. They are immedi-
steiy pur rsued, and when overtaken, severely pun
ishsd. This creates feeling Of revenge on their
part, which seeks its grati6cation IN outrages on
the persons and property of peaoeabls inhabitants
The whole country then becomes excited, aud
desolsting war, attended with vast sacrifice Of
blood and treasure ensues This, IT u believed, Is
true history Of the origin of most of our Indian
hostilities. To avoid results like these would re-
spectfully recommend that appropriations be made
to buy food and clothing to supply their immediate
portions of their present territory, viii should be
set apart for their exclusive use and occup alton
that they be furnished with implements of husban-
dry and domestic animals, and encouraged to en-
gage in agricultural and pastoral pursuits, and to
rely the products of their labor, instead of the
spoils Of the chase, for the support of themselves
and their families,
The great obstacle to succees, which must be met
and overcome in the outset, is their nomadc mode
of life. All history admonishes of the difficulty
of civiliaipg wandering race who live .dainy upon
game To tame savage you must tie HIM dewn
to the soil. You must make him understand the
value of property and the benefits of its separate
ownership. You must appeal to those selfish prin
cpes implanted by Divine Providence in the nature
of man, for the wsest purposes and make them
minister to civilization and refinement. You must
encourage the appropriation of lands by individu-
ais attach them to their homes by the ties Of iu-
terest teach them the uses Of agriculture and the
arts Of peace, and make them learn to substitute
beef and pork and mutton as their food, for the
deer and the buffalo Midness must supplant
manual labor schools introduced among them and
they should be taught to look forward to the day
when they may be elevated to the dignity Of Aneri
can citizenship
ward in the suppression Of Indian depredations in
the diminution Of the expenses of the Department
of War; in q valuable addition to our productive
population in the increase of our agriculture and
commerce, and in the proud consciousness that We
have removed from our national escutcheon the
stain left upon 1t by our acknowledged injustice to
tn Q Indian race.
To some these suggestions may seem chimerioal.
Many regard the Indians inferior race, and in
capable Of civilization aad on this fatal error
policy In regard to them has been based The his.
tory Of Powhatan, and Logan, and Cornstall, and
Ooeoa, are sufficient to disprove it, But, were fur
ther evidence wanting, it might be found in the
archives of this Department, among the records OF
the interviews and discussions between MIR. yno X,
Bartlett, the commissioner engaged In running the
boundary line between the United Sta ses and Nexi
CO, and the chiefs of the tribes that frontier In
elevation Of sentiment, elearnees OF statement,
force Of reasoning, ervor of eloquence, aad dgn6ed
yet touching pathos, these extemporaneous efu-
sions Of the untutored of the forest will bear
favorable comparison with the more studied
harangues of our educated orators.
The condition of the tribes residing in New York
furnishes striking illustration Of what the policy
have indicated can accomplish. We find them
living in the midst of civilized community, pur-
suing the ordinary vocations of social life culti
vatipg their farms, accommodating property, edu-
catrg their children, and fulfilling all the duties Of
The Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and
Creeks, in the southwest, also, although more re-
moved from immediate contact with the whites,
under the influence Of the wise and humane policy
which has been pursued towards them, are gradu-
ally adopting the usages and Industrial pursuits Of
our citizens and begin already to exhibit just ap
probation of the principles Of civil liberty With
ourselves Of the instruction which they afford, and
lsse no time in applying the same m cans for the
regeneration Of the savage tribes of the interior
The laws regulating trade and commerce with
the Indian tribes in general not being in force in
Texas Indian relations in that State still con-
tinue in an embarrassed condition. To enable the
| Department to exercise tie necessary authority
over the Indians in Texas it is indspensa blethat
suitable country should be set apart for their ex-
elusive occupancy, where measures may be intro
duced for their gradual civilization and improve
ment.
The subject of our Indian affairs in Texas has
been adverted to in the annual reports of the De-
partmeDt, and those Of the Indian Office for several
successive years past, and recommend that the
attention OF Congress be again and earnestly in
,, yited to it.
JUDICIAL ExPESsRs
The law haS.rg develved on the Secretary of the
Interior a supervisory power over the accounts OF
marshals. clerks, and other officers Of the Courts
of the United States my attention has been turned
the ussges which have grown mp under them. The
first thing which attracted my notice was the
rspid increase Of the expenses of the judicial de-
pertinent, which, as will be seen by the annexed
table (A), bears just proportion to the increase
| OF the population and business Of the country.
Upon examination, | found that the laws regu-
latDg the fees of the ministerial officers Of the
courts are obscure conflicting, and, as a whole, in-
compreher sible. Different constructions have been
| given 10 them by different Judges, and the conse-
quence IL, that the compensation In me States IS
inadequate, and, in others extravsgant. In some
instances the fault ia in the law In others it is in
| its administr alton.
With the view of presenting the whole subject
more fully than could do in the limits Of this
port, addressed letter to the First Comptroller
! Of the Treasury, requesting him to make 4 commu-
nication to me in writing, embodyng review Of
all the laws regulating the fees Of officers Of the
courts, and Of the modes Of charging under them in
different states, together with such amendments as
/ he might deem necessary. This has been &C
cordingly done, and ii is now submitted with this
| report.
The first law regulating fees is the process act Of
| September %, 17o9, which was TEN porary, and
soon expired by its own limitation. The second was
the new process act Of May =, 1892 the ID section
Of which, regulating the fees Of marshall, clerks
and attorneys. was repealed by the general Law Of
| February %, l199, which was the third a ct the
subject, and is in force. IL contains partial
bill Of fees for marsbals, and one for attor-
neys in admiralty causes, in addition to a
per diem OF Eve dollars for attending court,
sad small annual salary. IL allows clerks also
per diem Of eve dollars, and for their services the
same compensation ms is allowed to the clerks
Of the supreme courts Of the StBtes respectively,
with ope-ihird added thereto. Attorneys and mar.
sbas arc allowed in many cases the same compen-
sstion which is allowed TO attorneys and sherfs In
the state courts, without any addition thereto.
The fee bills Of the respective states we're thus
IA thn I'd H., hnf Il Al.