New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-11-05
-ila oat. tha, often cover them to their sum

bred feet toward the skies
| In the midst of these mountain ranges are ST.
uated extensive va eys Of the best farming lands
| IN the world, while the lower hills that bound
them on either hand are susceptible OF high
/ cultivation. O. these valleys, that OF Santa
Clara. opening alosg the margin and from the
| head OF San Francisco Bay, southwark, con
tains nearly 4 million 0i acres OF arabl,; land
rs pIOductiveness Is beyond question, yield OF
niIe hundred bushels Of potatoes having been
obtained from a single acre. This val.ey sixty
I miles long BY an average of twelve IN width,
! with numerous branches INTO the hills. The
! valleys Of Santa Cruz, San Juan, Salinas, Los
/ Angeles and others 20 the south and S0noma.
Nara. AID Suisun to the north, are all OF ike
characteT-fertile and easily cultivated. These
| valleys produce large crops without irrigation,
and have. when irrigation Is desirable, numer-
Gus streams from the mountains which can be
I diverted to increase the ordinary product Snow
never falls IN these wales, and frost Is rarely
/ seen The cuirIyatoT OF the soil Is not compelled
20 work half the yeartO secure food for his stock
/ The grass is luXurant and abundant from No
vemtcr, when the rains commence. until their
cessation IN the Spring As the dry season adj
yanesS. this grass, fully grown. Tipens mo eX-
ceilen5 hay, and Is fed upon during the Summer.
Subject 10 no wet. the dry grass retains al. lis
nutritious quality, and cattle keep fat as are
/ those that are Stalled In The middle AMI north
! EN- States. There are dozen OF more varieties
of clover. and | have met with excellent rsitop
and nm0thg-the latter in considerable quantities
| in the Tulare Valley, three hundred miles to the
/ southwark Of Stockton
Besides all these beautiful valle,s Of til!1ble
/ land 4 have not named the half of them)-ihere
! are numerous others of from ten to many hun
/ dre0s of acres, throughout the whole region Of
! the foothills of the SieTras, through winch pass
! living mountain streams-SutficIont TO produce
| all the vegetables necessary for the mining pOpu-
! lation IL the surrounding districts. Already has
cultivation been entered upon IN the midst OF he
! placeYs. with great pretit. 4 few cultivated
acres, near Grass Valley, will this season give
! the owner profit Of five thousand dollars.
OF the Great Central Valley | have said
nothing. Five or SIX hundred miles in length
and from fifty to d hundred in breadth. walcred
| by the finest rivers fed by rains and melted
SHOWS, il contains All immense extent OF arabic
land Even portions OF this great valley, looked
upon and appearing to The eye as sterile and I'M
| productive, can be made fertile a. Eden by rrl-
cation, for which the rivers furnish abundance
OF the needed element
Water. power there is to any conceivable ex
tent In portions OF the State are also found the
finest forests of cedar, pine and oak Contrary
also to the commonly received opinion Callior
nia has as excellent quarries of building stone as
are 10 be found anywhere while IN clay beds,
convenient to transportation, she has the mate
| aial for all the brick needed in building. Lime
stone is also abundant and accessible. In truth,
| no one has ever yet properly estimated the eX-
| tent and value of all the sources Of wealth con
tanned within the limits OF our remarkable coun-
try, and which will inevitably make her the reh-
est IN the Union.
| The CLIMATE of California appears to 0e no Oet-
! ter understood than are her lnexhaustlble mines
OF Gold. In regard TO ii, thousand contradic-
tory impressions prevail The cold winds OF
San Francisco appear to be regarded here as
something meXpresslbly unpleasant, ana the
| high temperature of the Sacramento Valley as
utterly unbearablc Both opinions are essen
| italy erroneous. have never during eighteen
months residence IN San Francisco, through all
seasons, experienced weather so cold, nor wind
so cutting as during this very week IN the vicln-
Ity of New York Those, therefore, who can
| i've through New-lork October would most
| likely survive q San Francisco Winter or rather
| Summer-fsr the Winters are really the warm
est The thermometer does not often get grounded
| do,cn below 500, at San Francisco, nor rarely
come up to 500 About 65 would doubtless be
the average OF the day throughout the year. The
climate, at this place (San tranclsco) is purely
| a local one. and does not extend TO the distance
OF thirty miles in any direction, andward. Here
| Is the only break III the mountain range that
runs parallel 10 the coast nearly the whole length
| of the State and the cool air from the ocean
rushes through to supply the place OF that ram
| fed by the high temperature IN the interior
| valleys. But this disagreeable wind blows ou'
| a rortion of each day. and during the ralny sea
| son not at all so that. with all the drawbacks,
| there are greater number Of pleasant days III
! San Francisco. III each year than IN the Clty OF
| Ncw-York
Rainy days are unpleasant enough anywhere,
and no exception can be made IN favor OF those
of California. The rains, however DO not ial
| necessarily, as many suppose, tor half the year
| but rather IN showers. and at night gl'lhS US
| during the "rany season large part OF our
| most lovely Wcather-the balmIest and sunnleS,
OF DAYS. Not unlrequently intervals OF me
weather OF days and weeks occur, without
| shower or very light ones. Tins Is wnat con
| stitutes Winter IN California two years IN three,
| and so far from finding the climate capncious' II
| is really the most reliable in the world IL Is
| either wet or drv never cold. Could your
readers see the green and luxurlantly growing
gardens of vegetables al the Mission Dolores ana
| an the Lagoon IN the immediate vicinity OF oah
| Francisco, planted In November December or
| any of the so-called rtnte months, they Wouu
| have nroof of the mildness of our climate.
I'm The Sacramento Valley, and IN the foot
hills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the tenn
! peraturc Is not untrequentlya good deal " high,t
| than ninety" for II reaches 10 al midday III
| Summer. II is reasonable II not over 100 out
| 81 nnre and dry Is the atmosphere, that tins
extreme heat IS not so oppressive as Is no mere.
| ANIMALS are worked all day. their HANKS
| scarcely wet with respiration, ana WITHOUT
| exhaustion But however warm may be the
DAYS. the nights throughout all the country are
COO! enough to render one or two pairs OF wooden
blankets necessary The great difference OF
temperature between day and night Is attended
with no III effects. have slept for months upon
the ground, III the mountains "heh my theIih1 (
| ,rrter indicated difference OF 10. IN each
txenty tour hours, and IN two years OF exposure
| to rams. and these extremes, never had "celd.
| never heard Of a case OF consumption among
| the native California population
The change in society, IN the last year or two;
has been very great, and the improvement IS still
more rapidly going on at this time. hVeEy one
can see that this must be so, a. soon as men 90
| 10 stav. and take with them their wives and
| .LrI.cr thlnk TOR q community OF over