The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-04-09

TUTIuIdtON
interest to continue in the business and would soon be
content with The same rate OF wages that the rest OF our
labores are getting II Is possible that Pennsylvania
WILL in that event. of her operatives removing
from time to time 10 the fresh and fertile lands OF the
West She might not show increase IN her popnla-
ton IN the next Ten years OF more than thirty per cent
but she would st continue 10 increase as last as seVeIa
Of the old States have been doing The condition OF
assacbuses aa respects her cotton manufactures re-
| seuibles that Of Pennsylvania
There has been there excessive accumulation ol
capital and labor 10 this and other branches oi
business, and she IS suffering from like causes Is
moi better upon the whole that she and Pennsy
when their whole capacity Tor production is considered,
both agricultural and manufacturing, should make up
their minds 10 portion OF their people emigrate,
rather than attempt 10 detan them by high wages, which
can be maintained only by highly artificial systen--a
system winch imposes greater burdens other sec
tons than benefits on themselves The competition OF
foreign fabrics the sole of the present suffer
ing OF Massachusetts. The high price oi the raw ma
etlal,cotlona this tine perhaps the main element OF
her distress. There is another reason however, which
ought not TO be Overooked--I mean the growing COM
petition OF the southern States. This is cause which
is rapidly becoming stronger and which the Legislation
Of this government cannot materially check l would
direct your attention to North Carolina because know
more abou, her and what she contains must first, how
ever make passing remark with reference to coal and
iron. lest It shoGld be supposed that am indifferent TO
the interests OF Pennsylvania because my own State has
not similar advantages Iron ore is not only generally
and abundanily dfused throughout the State, but she
has also two large deposes OF coal The field OF this
mineral too, fortunately deposited the two rivers
most easily rendered navgable OF any in the State and
emptyng into the within her own Limits. The ex-
stence Of the coal Deep rIyer has been known for
half century, but until recently il was not supposed
that il could be transported with facility TO the markets OF
the world The operations, however OF the Cape ear
and Deep River Navigation company have h within @ .he
easily and CheaPly be transported 10 the ocean, The
field is ensye aud cannot be exhausted for centuries
1t contains in abundance the best varieties OF highly
bituinous semi bitumnous, and anth racite coal Cap
talsts from Massachusetts and New York, who have
recently acquired interests in the mines, assure me with
the utmost confidence that they will be able TO mine
this coal and transport il to tide-waier at cost OF
less than dollar per ton II costs more than three
dollars per ton 10 transport the Goals OF MARYLAND
and the The slream with the locks
already nearly completed, is capable Of conveying in
steamboats, several millions Of tons annually. We ex-
pect therefore, TO be able 10 supply with the best kinds
OF coal the cities OF the Atlantic coast and the steamers OF
the There are also IN some places, lying immed-
aley above the coal large deposiles OF rich iron ore In
The production OF roD either free or slave labor can be
obtained 40 10 so per day. This labor when
poyed raising coal and iron the vicinity Of Pitts
burg in Allegheny county, costs not less than one dollar
per day. Provisions, also, are abundant and cheap
When, therefore, the above stated, the labor
poyed in making OF iron in Pennsy vania costs $40
the would cost with us only $22 So We might,
therefore, when the Pennsy vanians were making moth
ing, realize profit oil $22 per ton .... . ....
do not, however, regard the calculations o the gen.
tleman from Pennsylvania Ghir HAmPToN] as entirely
accurate Still have no doubt that we should be able
produce cheaper than they doing in his State
The iron, when thus made, could be transported TO
the for less than IL per ton II s obvious there
protective duties with much show Of justice Penn
sylvana does trust, however. that her people will be
satisfied with the existing rates. highly protective as they
are North Carolina has also less Than fifty cotton
factories most OF which have been built within the last
four or five years. think she is in advance OF any OF
the southern States this branch OF business Whether
right not in entertaining this opinion, The returns
OF the late census, when completed, will decide 1t is
believed by many that the South cannot compete success
fully with the North in manufacturing ii being supposed
that have the capital TO spare 10 such Investments
Let us look for moment at the elements OF manuactur
ing capital An important one is wafer.power; and
North Carolina has more than enough OF ihs 10 move all
the machinery existing IN the world. IL may be
had too, of the localities al price merely nom
nal Timber stone, and all building materials, are also
equally cheap. North Carolina, though not great cot
ton State. also produces five times much probably. as
she any southern State Is now manufacturing.
She can. too, obtain easily additional supply from
South Carolina, by means or three railroads connecting
her with that State. The cotton produced by her rs
cheaper, probably, by cent in the pound than the
article Charleston also cheaper al Charles
ton By three-fourths OF cent than in New England.
Our manufacturing establishments therefore, can obtain
the material at nearly two cents in the pound cheaper
than the New England establishments Provisions are
also only half as dear with Labor is likewise one
hundred per cheaper In the upper parts OF the
State the labor OF either free man or slave including
board clothing nc, can be obtained tor IRON SllQ 10
Si20 annum II costs al least twice that sum IN New
| England
| The difference in the cost OF female labor, whether
free slave is even greater AS we have now popu'
la,:on OF nearly million, might advance to great
extent in manufacturing before materially increased
the wages OF labor We have therefore, all the elements
OF annfacturng capital much cheaper than the North,
except the machinery and this should be able 10 obtain
al the same price There is sufficient surplus capital
among for It's purchase Two years SINCE our legis
laure imposed tax money placed at interest when
ever the individual had more than $1,000 above bis own
Indebtedness II appeared that there more than
900 900 so lent IT, think, II is probably true
that there is much outstanding in smaller sums
there is not less than thirty millions OF capital in this
don. Much OF this might at once be invested in
manu- featuring The other southern States doubtless
in .u,ilar condition Our souherners have abundance
of money erpend FOR purposes OF business pleasure
We SHALL therefore, think, al distant day. work up
large II not the greater, portion OF cotton into manu-
factured fabrics Should this opinion of mine be well
founded, il is obvious that duties which could i'm
pose would long enable the New England factories to
sustain themselves in competition with They would
find il their interest 10 90 into such finer fabrics as we
would not produce for time TO come, or into new
empoymens. | have apprehension that people 50
intelligent energetic and enerprsing as they are Will
fail TO hnd means OF sustaining themselves IN comfort
and prosperity. .E
IF object TO the imposition Of high protective du.
ties for their immediate benefit, Is because regard such
line OF policy adverse to the general interests OF the
country admit the advantage OF manufacturing estab-
shmens to all classes OF persons in their vicinity, but
they be such establishments as can sustain them
selves without the aid of heavy burdens imposed on other
interests Few persons appreciate the entire amount OF
the burden which our system has imposed on The country
This has very much from the circumstance which
formerly had to advert to- that there had been
great gradual decline the prices OF all manufactured
articles This has prevented complaint among our peo-
pie because they did know that the reduction IN the
prices Of these articles has been greater in Other
countries than in have also thought that the
OF the protective system erred endeavoTing
10 represent il q southern and northern question: there
by giving adventurous strength to the manufacturing in
4 A. IT.. .-...