New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-05-01

bic progress is the female bust, vitn someIH ':
an ate mpt to preserve its character a. sy Oolo
Of fecuuoity and abundance. This sraceiei 'EPe
was carried to a voluptuous excess by the Greess
Other subordiuate types Of form, suggested oy
eees sbeUs etc might be noticed Sufficient -
been said. however. 10 enforce the remark maoe
=, tLe Commence ueut Of this paragraph, and 10
shovr how unsafe would be the attempt u dsauO9
dependepces or connections, upon the basis
sin pie condolences in the potteres Of oeLAcueu
nations, unless under the conoi'iohs "hIcu law
Tbs s,one discs. with hole in the center, 70
,.L;cb Dr Zestermann refers, are lot eaigns.l-
o.IS Tho nurooses for which they were made
are well known and are explained IN Auct Mon
Tota N mage 223. They were fashioned By the
modem Indians, and used IN game called
Chung Ke
Stone axes ard flint knives, and arrow aad
soesr heads are to be found in all parts OF the
sfobe. have seen specimens from Scandinavia
sibsr,a and japan from the plains Of Marathon,
Nonnt Sinai Egypt. Southern Africa, and Asa ;
the ialapds Of the Pacific; and from all parts OF
North ard South America, undlstioguishable from
escb other in shape, and differing tut slightly u
naturalization certain stones, beng better adaps
ed 10 specific uses than others, wouldnaturally be
everywhere selected for them. Tue discovery OF
pipes in the bsrroWs Of Hostein Is certainly Gu
iious fact, but unimportant, unless il Is shown
that the practice Of smoking was unknown 10 an
Gent times in Europe. And even if It is sss1m-
ed that the practice was derivative and see no
reason why it should be so regarded would il not
be more rational and philosophical TO derive Il
from Asis, whence many OF the northern families
migrated, and where the practice. existed from
the earliest periods The Transmission OF cas-
toms and Of arts in the Old World as also the
course of migration has always been from Last
to West. But admitting that such supPosrtlo
instead Of being highly probable, is impossible,
- % 10, ood hat q n q \.
pie Of the North OF Europe had, Of themselves,
bit upon the practice Of smoking, even then the
single fact of the finding OF pipes in HOlstein
will lot, on any principle OF evidence, justify
the hypothesis of a connection and correspond
ence between the nations of the Old and New
Worlds. A concurrence OF facts, OF different
kinds and striking character, is necessary to give
so much as piau1bHny to conclusions oil this
gravity and importance.
But there are some other considerations
TO be regarded in connection with these supposed
pipes. Are they in fact pipes? May they not
be instruments, resembling pipes in shape, bat
devoted to other and forgotten uses May they
not be Of recent date In our own mounds We
frequently find articles Of European origin which
have been buried there by the modern Indians.
(See Auct Mon. PIP. LAO, l47, 49, and Monuments
of New. York, D. l5s But if obtained from
America, if the wide intercourse between
Europe and America claimed by DR.. L. existed,
how comes il that these articles are formed in q
single locality, and nctgenerally In the barrows OF
Holstein and Germany DR. Z. has hypotheti.
cay answered this question by assuming that
they were introduced by strangers but then the
extension "mutudl intercourse between the
two worlds, which bis primary hypothesis in.
wolves, and which be directly claims, is invalida-
ted by the rarity Of these remains which, It
should be remarked are the only ones adduced to
show that America had intercourse with, or re
acted on Europe.
There is one variety of ancient earth
works in the United States which have their
almost exact counterparts throughout the
world, and which cannot be taken, in archDo-
logical speculations, as indicating the slightest
degree of relationship among their bulden.-
These are fortified bills or headands, or positions
possessing natural capabilities Of defense, i'm
proved by art In respect to these 1t Is only ne.
cessary 10 observe that the natural instincts OF
man, without calling his reason into requsiton,
would, in case Of necessity, lead him to select
and occupy them for purposes of protection They
must, therefore, everywhere sustain certain
likeness and will differ only in the degree OF skill
displayed by their builders.
They are therefore 70 be found in North and
South America, in the Pacific Islands, in Austria
lis, and even in Africa Cooks Second Voyage
EHiss Polynesian Res. vol. i, p. 3l3; Pollock S
Nt'r Zealand, vol. ii, p. % Lang's Polyneslaa
Nations, D. los; SOutheys History Bra=ii, vol.
ill., pp. l62, ls9; CkarlT0iE'S Paraguay, vol /,
p. 156; Daris's History Barbados, p 395, etc,
etc.
There is, however, another class Of structures,
which have higher archaeological value al
lude TO those which have, in my works on our
ancient monuments, denominated "SAcRED En-
CLOSURES" None can be more ready than my
self to admit the general correspondence which
exists between these and many OF the primitive
monuments OF the British Islands and the North
of Europe. have elsewhere Appendix to
aboriginal Monuments Of NewYork) pointed
out in detail, the features common to both, and
stte mpted an explanation Of the principles upon
which they were probably constructed. The
hypothesis which | have there advanced, and
which is deduced from the consideration Of a
large number of facts. is that the forms OF all
primitive sacred structures are more or less deter
mined by the religious ideas and conceptions Of
their builders in other words, that they are sym
bocal, not only as wholes, but in their parts aud
in the re latons Of those parts to each other The
unden Able r. semblances which they sustain 70
each other In various parts OF the world, are not
therefore, the result Of contact or relationship,
but of a certain uniformity In man 5 primitive or
elementary beliefs and conceptions, OF which, In
one FORM they may be regarded as expressions
or indexes and which beliefs and conceptions
are themselves the result of a uniformity Ia the
mental and moral constitutions OF men, subjected
TO like Influences, and surrounded by the sug-
eestive phenomena Of nature, which are every
where very nearly the same. What has been
very vsguely termed Sun Worship or what
might better be called the Worship Of the Pow
ers of Nature, seems to have been the earliest
ard most widely diffused form Of human super.
stition. In this system, the Sun as the emblem
Of the active and most efficient Principle or Pow.
er Of Nature. has the first place, and 10 itself
symbolized by the circle. The primitive temples
dedicated 10 this luminary, or 10 the power
"a a qH
yivifying energy Of Nature, were, therefore, cir.
culSr. The early and 2. morally received doctrine
that the gods made temples and sacred structures
their plsces OF constant abode, and in some in.
stances actually animated their shrines, it will req
Oily be understood would naturally suggest and
perpetuate certain forms those structures as beat
betting the deity 10 whom they were dedicated,
and most likely TO secure bis literal presence.
This idea seems to be referred to by Sslust in
BIS IRE atiae on the Gods and the World He saYa