The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-01-23

OF NEW YoRg,

ought ever 10 be broken debts founded the appropra
10 The discharge OF oblg atoms Incurred the OF the
revolution, practically guaranteed by the constitution,
and are stamped with peculiar equity They ought,
therefore be held sacred the safety OF the State
itself The claims before us fall within that class OF in
yolable obligations.
The peace Paris in 1862 reduced the broad posses,
sions OF France IN America to Cayenne the continent
and the islands OF ST Domingo, Martinique, Guadalupe,
ST. Lucia. st. Vincent, Tobago, Deseada. Marigalane,
St Pierre, Mlqueelon Grenada, and Dominica, in the
Atlantic ocean Great Britain at the time acquired
the Canadas, together with the vast region OF New
France, and thus secured to herself empire extending
from The Gull OF Mexico TO the Arctic circle
In February, ITS, the thirteen American States
were struggling TO disengage themselves from that empire
II was conflict rpened and final between Great Britain
to retain supreme DOMINION and the United States TO ac-
quire absolute sovereignty and Independence Great
Britain, lately victorious over her gteal connema'
rival, now confessed mistress OF the seas lhe
United States had then free population scarcely surpass
ing their present number OF slaves Their sovereignty
had been assumed only nineteen months before and had
yet been recognised by any foreign nation, nor even
BY Inc least OF the hundred savage tribes whom the
wilderness protected within and around their borders
They had navy mercantile marine, forlihcaons, con
stitution, confirmed confederation. The hopes
which had been knded by early almost
extngushed by recent and successive disasters Boston
had indeed been reganed and Burgoyne had given back
the passes OF the North but the enemy yet retained New
York, and now victorious Washington in successive
pitched baes-on helds chosen by himself On the
Brandywine and at Germantown, was marching uno6-
struced towards Philadelphia then the American capl-
tai The precious metals seemed 10 have hidden them
selves again in the earth, and paper credits had every
where collapsed The chaplain OF Congress impored
Washington give over the ungody war in which he
was ENGAGE The discounted army, without recruits,
pay sufcien food, had tracked their way with bleed
ing feet into winter quarters on the Schaylkill Two
hundred officers had resigned and retired; the hospitals,
and the neighborng farmers hresdes, crowded by
soldiers without blankets shoes and the great leader
in the midst OF disconens fast growing ao mutiny, an
nounced to the loosely constituted legislature, which was
convulsed with disrusl and faction that unless
great aud capital change should occur the troops
under his care must slarve, dissolve, or dispense
great and capital change did occur. Allied armies,
fresh, vigorous and well appointed, cooperating with
gallant fleet met the invader and his surrender al York
town opened the way TO peace soversigny and indie
and Lee the first OF American ambassadors, TO Paris;
and it alliance with France, hereditary foe, bu,
henceforth raerna nalon that wrought out This great
and capital change, and effected that ump han consum
nation ..g
The courses of the allies Immediately separated, and
thenceforward widely dIverged The United States com.
pleed their union peace and tranquility and estab
shed their constitution on the unfemovabe foundations
which loyal citizens hope, and wise men throughout
while by we'll directed devotion OF the national revenues
to the payment OF their debts and the establishment OF
credit. wise cultivation OF arts and industry, they
prepared the way for permanent and extended empire
France, the contrary, began the descent towards
revolution in the very year when the United States
emerged from its dangerous abyrinhs and thereafter
distracted herself for thirteen years she convulsed all
Europe .@
|, during this period that these claims for indem
mites for spoliaons arose. .a
The political and commercial relations between France
and the United States had been defined by treaties.
FIRST The treaty Of anuy and commerce, the most
ancient treaty OF the United States executed the 9th
February, IT'S Ii stipulated TART firm, inviola
Bile, universal, and perpetual peace. Tart j That all
commercial privileges to be granted BY either party TO any
State should become common to the other contracting
party. lArts and j The most favored isohng Tor
each party in the others ports. Arts. and j Recip
Toca protection vessels their respective Jurisdictions
[An. 81 The aid OF France IN negotiations by the Uni
tad I'm R.pb,a Dg,uaF ArI Il I'm
mutual exhibition OF passports and certificates OF cargo
in OF suspicious vessels making the ports OF an
enemy OF one OF the parties. (Art II j That goods OF
either party should be forfeited II laden IN ships OF
enemy OF The other. Art l7:l That armed vessels OF
one party might freely carry prizes into the others por'
without paying duties TO courts, and might freely depart
TO the places designated in their commissions and that
neither party should give shelter caors OF prizes from
tue other TART % j That priyaeers OF an enemy Of
party should not be allowed TO be fitted out TO sell
prizes IN the ports OF the Other Art 20 That Tree
ships should make Tree goods Art. - j Dehned
cles contraband oi and excepted IRON that class
many articles not Tree by the law OF nations Ant Is j
In party should be at war, the vessels OF the
other should be furnished with seal letters passports,
and with certificates containing the particulars OF the
20, to relieve the ngors OF search.
SsconHy The treaty Of alliance, concluded the
day-February 6, 1913. In this treaty the parties
reced the execution Of The treaty OF anity and commerce;
declared that they had considered the means of strength
eUIng their sgements, particularly In Great Britain
IN resentment against those engagements, should break
the peace with France, either by direct hoses by
hnderng her commerce and navigation contrary 10 The
rights nations and the peace subsisng between those
countries; that therefore they had agreed that TART
ii IL should break out between france and Great
Britain during the continuance Of the existing be
tween the United States aad England tina, then hs Ma
! iesy and the United States would make II a common
e1uSe, and aid each other mutually with their good
Offices their COUNSEL and their forces, was becoming
good and faithful allies Art That the essea-
tIa and direct end of their defensive alliance was 10 nam
eiectually the liberty, sovereignty, and ndepend.
! ence, absolute and unlimited, OF the United States OF
America well IN matters OF government as OF com
merce. [Ans and Al That each party should make
every effort attain that end and that they should, IN
possible way, act in concert, and with prompAess
and good faith. Arts. 3 o. and 7 j That France re-
nounced favor OF The United States, conquests that
might be made by the allied armies, except the British
islands in or near the Cult OF Mexico Arts.
and Q 4 That neither party should conclude truce
or peace without the others consent; and that
neither party should demand any compensation from
the other. TART III The two panies guaranteed
mutually from the date OF the treaty forever against all
other powers witthe United States his Chris
tan Majesty the then existing possessions of the crown
oil France in America, well those II might acquire
by the treaty OF peace and his most Christian Majesty
on his own part guaranteed 10 the United States their lib
erty sovereignty, and Independence, absolute and
limited and also their possessions and the additions
conquess that the confederation might obtain during the
war; conformably to the 9th and 9th articles TART 12l
In order fix precisely the application OF the pre-
cedng article, the parte. declared that, in
of rupture between France and England, the reciprocal
guarantee declared in that article should have its full force
and effect the moment such rupture should break out
and II such rupture should not take place. the mutual OBJ
legations of the said guarantee should not
i'll the moment oil the cessation OF the then existing