davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
Correspondence Of the Lewisburg Chronicle.

Correspondence Of the Lewsburg Chronicle.
Mr.. EDITOR was down the country a
few days since, and stopped day in Har-
risburg, to see how matters and things
were coming on there. l found our friend
Col.Slifer, of the House of Representatives,
in his seat, busily engagel. He is a
member that we may well be proud Of
Ills strict integrity and close application to
his official duties, have won him the re-
spect and admiration of all those who be-
came acquainted with him. l heard him
frequently spoken of with the highest
commendation.
There is another member of the II. r.
that has but few superiors, and that is
John B. Packer, Esq, of Northumberland
county. He is young man of rare tai
cnts, and makes most excellent member
That county could not have made better
choice. He is a member of the Committee
on Corporations and by his untiring exer-
tions, q have no doubt) the Bill to in
corporate the Susquehanna Railroad Com
pany, will pass, which authorizes con-
nection with the York & Baltimore Rail-
road this bill will insure the completion
of the rail road as far up as Sunbury, with
in Is months, and from there to William
sport in short time.
The Senate has become worry Industrious;
they held two sessions every day, but are
much further back with their business
than the House Our Senator, Mr.. Cum
ingham, is always in his seat, and atten-
tive to business. Gen. Packer, of Lycom-
ing, is always at his post, paying strict at
tcntion to what is going on. His infu-
ence in the Senate is great his course,
however, is calculated to make him so. 1
observed several members calling up bills
out of their place /; directly you would
hear some one call out for g the order of
the day." but Gen. Packer always voted
in favor of taking up such bills as members
had charge of, and were anxious to have
PASSED. The General is an ardent friend
of our Railroad, and hope ere long he
may have merry ride on it, Our neigh
Dor Frick, of Milton, makes good men,
Der, and seems to be a favorite in the
Senate, as Printers generally are. Mr..
Buckalew, of Columbia county, makes an
excellent Senator. His talents are highly
appreciated; but he is death on Annexation.
1t would be great saving of time and
expense if the members of both branches
we're not so fond of making speeches, some
Of which are not very interesting. NJ.
April 3, 1851.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
The Farmer.
Geine, its Mature and Properties

In our last, after giving an abstract Of
DR.. Dana's mode of analyzing soils, we
promised to say more about the substance
called gcine.
Chemists, long ago, turned their atten-
tion to the analysis Of vegetable substances,
with desire to ascertain not only what
were the several ingredients Of which they
were composed, but also, to learn what
were the peculiar ingredients or principles
in the soil, which afforded nourishment to
vegetables.
In some of these researches, Klaproth,
while experimenting upon the elm tree,
discovered peculiar substance to which he
gave the name of ulmin, (from the Latin
name of ulmus, an elm.) 1t was after
wards found, by other chemists, in all veg
etable substances, more or less abundantly
Braconnot found it in starch, sawdust, &C.,
and it was called by some Of them, vege-
table extract" Barzelius found it in all
rinds of barks. After this, Sprengel,
Boullay, and others, found it to be a lead
ing ingredient in manures and soils, and
hence gave it the name of "hunaiin," (from
the Latin name humus," the ground J
but Barzelius gave it the name of "yeine,"
(from the Greek name "gee," the earth.)
Others have called it "vegetaJle mould"
SO you see that it has names enough. No
matter what name it goes by, provided it
is we'll defined and fairly understood.
DR.. Dana says " By geine, mean all
the decomposed organic matter Of the soil.
1t results chiefly from vegetable decompo-
sition."
Liebig says: "Woody fibre, in state
Of decay, is the substance called humus"
Dana says that geine or humin exists in
two states-solnble and insoluble. The
soluble can be dissolved in water, alkali,
alcohol and acids. The immediate result
ofrecent decomposition Of vegetable fibre
is abundantly soluble in water, and is
called solution ofvegetable extract. When
exposed to air, this soluble geine will be
into solid geine, and this will be
then but partially soluble in water, and
wholly soluble in alkali. When this solid
geine is decomposed, insolnbk geine is
found, but by long continued action Of
air and moisture, it is again rendered SOL
uble, and is speedily converted BY the &C
.iou Of lime to soluble geine. Soluble j
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
Planting Potatoes.

Almost every farmer, nowadays, adopts
the practice of cutting his potatoes for seed,
in order to economise cost. Some cut the
tubers into as many pieces as there are
"eyes" in the potato, and allow from one
to three pieces to a hill Others divide
the roots in the centre, passing the knife
through them longitudinally, and allow one
half potato only to hill. Quarters are
also used. Now it may not be generally
known that there are two distinct parts
to the potato, and that the apex, or end
which presents number of small eyes,
will produce crop earlier by some ten or
fifteen days, than the middle or body part.
The produce of the latter, however, is al
ways superior in point of size, while that
Of the butt or navel is inferior, the eyes
being imperfectly developed or immature.
In selecting roots for seed, the preference
should always be given to the largest,
soundest, and most symmetrical, as large,
well formed roots will produce better
progeny than those Of more diminutive
character. Having made your selection,
cut off the seed ends, then the butts, and
divide the middle into two sections the
two pieces being sufficient for chill" If
you are desirous to have early potatoes, for
table use, or for marketing, plant your
seed ends. Feed the butts to your swine
or cattle, and after allowing your middles
to remain spread out on a dry floor for
fortnight to heal the wounds, plant them,
and the result will be liberal and heal
thy crop Of well-formed and good-sized
roots. A NEW-ENGLANDER
Near Claremont, " H., Mar. 5, 1851.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
A Hint to Small Tillers.

As a general thing, our agricultural
friends do not appear to recognize the inn
portance of supplying themselves literally
with materials for manure. The impress
ion seems, indeed, to be very generally and
confidently INDUCED, that all exertions for
this purpose, are too expensive to result in
a clear ultimate advantage. Such, how
ever, is by no means the case. If me-
chanic has but one COW, and an acre Of
land, he can not expect that the mere solid
excrement of the animal will Of itself be
sufficient to render his soil fertile, and he
must either make up his mind to work
poor land-which will be continually and
inevitably growing poorer from the dete-
riorating effects of an emasculating system,
or buy manure The latter alternative ia
often an expensive one, and need rarely
be resorted to, if proper care be taken to
avail ourselves Of the multitudinous mate
rials which nature has scattered around Us
with so bountiful a profusion. One or
two days labor, with horse and cart, will
enable him to collect from the forests, the
roadsides and clay beds, an ample suf6-
cheney of matter with which, when mixed
with a little gypsum, lime, house ashes,
and saturated with urine and soap-suds
and mixed with the highly fermentable
excrement of his COW, to bring his acre to
a condition of almost garden richness, and
to maintain it so for years. Try it,
Germantown Telegraph.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
ORIGINAL NARRATIVE.
Notes Of a Seven Months Journey Il
and 5epen nlonibs in
CALIFORNIA.
Br wM. II. CHAMBERLIN, LEwIsnrne.

CONTINUED.
Mr.. Livermore was formerly an English
sailor, and has resided in the country some
80 years. He has Spanish wife, and his
"cassa" and everything about him, look
California like. We lay down upon the
ground floor to sleep, but could mt. In
the morning we learned that it was "only
the feas" that annoyed US. This country
is actually polluted with feas, body lice,
bed-bugs, ticks and other vermin. 1t is a
current joke, that previous to the war,
the " COATS, and feas, held possession of
the country"
After leaving Livermore's Ranch, We
crossed plain, two leagues in width, on
which thousands of cattle were grazing,
and then entered range of hills, covered
with wild oats. This place is known as
Amador's Pass, and was the handsomest
spot we had seen in California. A
small stream of clear, cold water flows E.
in the direction of the road, along which
are several fats, and groves of large Califor-
MIA oaks. Passed Senols Ranch, crossed
a high range Of hills, and descended into
the Mission of San jose This like all
the California missions is partly in ruins.
We purchased some fruit from the old
Frenchman in charge Of the orchard and
vineyard, and pursued our way towards
Pueblo, which we reached about sundown.
Put up at the U. S. Hotel, and slept in
hay stack-s2 for bed being more than
we could then afford. This place is hand
somely situated in the centre of the valley.
The majority of the inhabitants are Span
iards, Chilians, Sonorians, &c, but Amer
leans are fast settling here, and during
this season great many buildings have
been put up. 1t has been decided upon
as the seat Of Government. Here We
were first reminded of the Gland we hailed
FROM" by neat frame houses, well fur
nished, tables set ga Ia mode," pleasure
carriages, women dressed in silks, men in |
bgoedeloth,, &c. &c: !
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09

Personalities, too, were then altogether
allowable in criticism. They would, to use
his own language, edo good'-they
"would bring the author more distinctly
before the public and make him talked
about" But when ossaile', the affair
took quite different turn. 1ndcp, lent
criticism then became dastardly assault,
an assassin-like attack, malignant calum-
ny, an atrocious outrage! And this is the
case with many slandercrs. 1t is quite a
refreshing employment for them to speak
out and magnify the flaws in the charsc-
ters of their friends and neighbors-to ex-
hibit their errors and infirmities-hut when
they are brought face to face and held ac-
countable for the injuries thus inflicted,
they become moral towards, and in the
broadest and most disreputable sense of
the phrase. The truth is-all have faults
and infrmities, and while "none are all
erring," there is no such thing as pcrfec
tion on this side of the grave. Let US
therefore "bear and forbcar" Let US ra-
ther brighten than darken the reputation
of those with whom We move and mingle
Let us make due allowance for the weak
ness and fallibility of human nature, and
remember that exactly the degree of mer-
cy and forbcarancc We extend to others,
We have right to ask and expect to be
extended to ourselves. Il Pennsylvania In
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
Good News for Horses.

7. NJ. Coleman has fled caveat for an
improvement in India rubber horse collars
and saddles, which are inflated with air,
instead of being stuffed as is now the case.
If the air can be retained at the very point
Of pressure, this will prevent cha6ng, and
be great relief to the noblest of domestic
animals-the horse. We shall then expect
to see this invention in general use, as
humanity demands that even to the dumb
creature " the back should be suited to tho
burden"
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09

FRUITS CHANGED BY CLIMATI.-No
deterioration of fruits appears to have been
greater than in American peaches, taken
to England. Of fifty sorts, from the Mid
die and Western States, tested at the great
Chiswick garden,all but two were pronouu-
ced worthless" The Apple is also .
fruit which England raises but little Of
Nowhere do these best of all fruits grow 50
well as in America.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09

To the Union.

Giant aggregate Of nations.
Glorious whole Of glorious parts,
Unto endless generations
Live united. hand and hrarts!
Be it storm or summer weather,
Peaceful, calm, or battle jar.
Stand in beaureous strength together,
Sister States, as now ye are!
Every petty class-dissension-
Heal it up as quick as thought;
Every paliry place preten>ion--
Crush it. as a thing of nlu,ht!
Let no narrow, private treason
Your great onward progress bar,
But remain in rish, und rca<,n
Sister States, as now ye are!
Fling away absurd ambition,
People. leave that toy to kings;
Envy, jealousy. suspicion
Be above such groveling things!
In each others joys delighted,
All your hate be joys of war,
And by all means keep united.
Sister States, Is now ye are!
Were but some scornful stranger,
Still my counsel would be just
Rresk tho hs,I ~-d oil is Haucey
Mutual fear, and dark distrust;
But you know me for brother,
And friend, who speaks from far:
Be as one, then, with each other,
Sister States, as now ye are!
SO, a peerless constellation,
May those stars for ever blaze.
Three-and.ten times threefold nation,
Go ahead in power and praise!
Like the many-breasted goddess,
Throned on her EPhesian car,
Be one heart in many bodies,
Sister States, as now ye are!
MARTIN FARaUHAR TUPrEH
Albury, (Eng3 Jan. Is, 1851.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09

We recently heard of case, in which a
notorious and habitual slanderer manifest
ed not only the deepest indignation, but
the utmost surprise, at his conviction and
punishment for shocking libel. He had
blackened the character Of an individual in
the vilest and coarsest manner-had char
ged him with one Of the darkest and foul
est Of crimes-had maddened his victim
and agonized his family; and yet when
arraigned, tried, and convicted Of the in
fanny, the atrocious infamy, he "whined
like whipped spaniel" talked of persecu-
tion, and begged for mercy! And this,
too, was but one Of thousand similar Of
fences. He had lived and reveled for
years on outrages Of like characterized
planted his barbed and poisoned stilletto
OF SANDER IN many an innocent bosom
had created discord between man and wife,
friend and companion, ,neighbor and neigh
bor-nay, had hurried some of his victims
to intemperance, suicide, and a premature
grave-and yet, We repeat, when overta-
ken at last BY the ministers of justice, he
became wretched craven, and entirely
cb,Dl cbS,Dsgetful Of the bitter cup he had placed to
paper. lips Of others-he begged and implored
,~oyhis, too, without penitence-that he
Nj AuS. ,.sS spared! But is this novel case?
-, IS, stronger and bolder in its
A.. 81. Ina Inc ''He thousands that NAV be
,su' hnt that there o,.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
Reflections.

The Past-where is i'll II has Hel.
The Future 1t may never come.
Our friends departed! With the dead.
Ourseivesi Fast fastening to the tomb.
Wha, are earth's joys, The dews of morn.
Its honors1 Oceans wIeathing foam.
Where's peace! In trials meckly borne.
And Joy! In heaven, the Christians home
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09

Often breaking up surface keeps a soil
in health-for when it lies in hard-bound
state enriching showers run of, and the
salubyious air can not enter.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09

PEAs.-R. G. Pardce, of Palmyra, N.
Y, an .enterprising and skilful amateur
cultivator, gives the following as the best
out of ten collected kinds Of Peas obtained
from Thornburn's, in New York. Tho
"Early Emperor" he regards as the best
very early pea, and "Hair's New Mammoth
Dwarf Marrow" as the largest, most pro-
ductive, and richest pea Of all.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
A'sWlsDyRS gIROMlEa8s
An INDEPENDENT FAMILY JOURNAL,
Issued on Wednesday mornings at Leuis6urg
yI,;ou counfu, Penasulranid

G,ued on Wednesday, moTHlhgs H LeUlsOuTS,
Union county, Pennsylvania.
7yRWS-sl50 per year, for cash actually in advance;
a IS il paid within three months 500 if paid within
year $3.50 not paid before the expires cents for
single numbers Subscriptions Tor six months or less to
be pal in advance Di>conipuauces optional with the
Publisher. except when the year is paid up.
Advertisements handsomely inserted at 80 cents per
square week, 81 four weeks, s. two
81 for six months. :. for Mercantile advertise
ucnts. not exceeding ore fourth of r column $40.
JOB WORK and casual advertisements to be- paid for
when handed in delivered.
Communication solicited all subjects of general
interest within the Of party earan contest
All letters must post paid accompanied ly the real
address the writer To receive attention NT-Those
relating exclusively to the Editorial Department Ia lie
directed HENRY G. HcKok. FISH, Eiitr-and those on
business to a. \. WoRpES. PaIisL'r.
Office on Market street. between Second and Third
the Post0fficr. q. y. WoEDEN, Proprietor.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09

GARDENs.-Every farmer should have
good-sized, carefully-worked, and we'll
managed garden. 1t is true many thrifty
farmers let the women do all the garden
ing. But every man with q good garden,
has sort of savings bank, where he can
bestow much time that would be otherwise
unpro6tably spent, or thrown away.
RICE contains the least fatty matter Of
any Of the cereals, but the greatest proper.
tion Of starch, averaging about s2 per Ct.
Of the latter. 1t is one of the cheapest
and most universal kinds Of food used bv
man. 1t was FIRST planted in South Caro-.
lima in 1693-15e year, .go.
Lewisburg chronicle. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1850-1859, 1851-04-09
Selected for the Chroniele.l
Ol.-S~,

"Blu.h IL Of honest blood drop remains,
20 steal its lonely way along the veins;
Blushi " IL. branded with the slanderer's name,
And though thou ireadst not SIM at least dread shame
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-12-07

mail routes. OF the estimated aggregate length of Is $40
miles The number Of miles OF annual transportation
thereon Is estimated al 6I5 ,206
The service three OF these is under contracts
with this department The annual transportation there.
on s estimated al l90.5o2 miles, cost of $500 600
beng about W % $40 per mile The service on the
otner oregn routes s under contract with the Navy De-
pament The annual transportation thereon is estima.
$2 42 6.l0 per mile.
The transportation OF the California and Oregon mails
across the sthmus OF Panama has hitherto been per-
formed under treaty with New Granada. The annual
COST OF his transportation depending upon the weight OF
the male Is uncertain The cost for the last fiscal year
was $iS. .937.
There shond Be added 10 the other cost Of ,ransporta
non ~ above stated, the compensation OF mail messen
stood at the close OF the last fiscal year, will amount TO
$l43697 per annum.
The extent and annual cost OF the entire mail service
under the direction OF this department at the close of the
hscal year eAag hs 3h day of ynne last well
IFS division among the States and Territories. and the
mode of its performance will more fully appear by the
annexed table. marked A
The number OF postmasers appointed during the year
ending June 80, 1851 is 5339 or these 26l9 were ap
pointed to M vacancies occasioned by designations ls7
10 fill vacancies occasoned by the decesse OF their prede
cessOrs; 206 changing the sites OF the Offices for
which they were appointed; 500 the removal OF the
prior ncumbents and ,69S the establishment of new
Offices.
The whole number of post offices in the United States
post offices established and 256 discontinued during the
year.
The following table shows very nearly the number OF
post Offices in each State and Territory the 30h day of
June last, classified according 10 the compensation al
lowed to each postmaster for the last fiscal year:
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-12-07

authorized IN America. Local and imperfect arrange
nens or The conveyance OF mails afterwards made,
at different periods in several OF the colonies until mo-
when the British Parliament passed act authorizing
me british Postmaster General ito keep chief letter
once " New York, and other chief letter Offices in each
oil her ndsestys provinces colonies IN America" De-
putty Posmasters General for North America were sub
sequeniy and from time to time appointed by the Post
master General in England and Doctor Benjamin Frank
lin was SO appointed in 1855 He removed in l77l.
On !he 26lh Of july l775, the Continental Congress
determined that Postmaster General be appointed for
the United Colonies, and to allow him salary OF
thousand dollars per annum for himself, and three hun
dred and forty dollars per annum for secretary and
comptroller On proceeding TO the election of Postmas
ter Ienerai, Benjamin Franklin, esq, was unanl
The Articles Of Confederation of ITS gave to the United
States N Congress- assembled "the sole and exclusive
from one State 70 another. throughout all The United
States and exacng such postage the papers passing
through the same as may be requisite to defray the
penses of an Office The little progress made during the
period OF the Confederation shows that this power
limited to be useful and when the increase OF the mail
service before the adoption OF the constitution of the
United States Is compared with its subsequent extension
one cannot fail to perceive that the prosperity eciency
and value OF this department chiefly to be ascrbed TO
the national government founded under the constitution
The first Congress assembled under our present const
tuition passed An act for the temporary establishment Of
apost Office" approved September %, l7S9 This act
directed the appointment of Postmaster General and
to continue in force until the end OF the next session
OF Congress. Under its provisions Samuel Osgood, oil
Massachusetts, was appointed by President Washington
Postmaster General OF the United States, and this
the first appointment TO that Office. Thirteen other per-
sors have since been appointed OF these there ap-
pointed from Kentucky, three from Connecticut Ohio
and New York. two each and from Pcnnsy ylvana, Geor
ga, Tennessee, aud Vermont one each.
The earliest reliable statistics Of the General Post Of
hce are those for the year $780, when the number OF post
Offices was seventy FIVE, the extent of post ,s75
miles. and the revenues OF the department 1888
The hesubsequen, progress OF the Post Office Department
can be traced in the tables hereto annexed marked
and c.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-12-07

In connexion with this brief reference TO the progress
of the department, may not be improper to stale mar
there are in the OF the department materials or
an interesting history Of the origin and progress o our
post Office system. and that it is intended u hme can pe
found to complete the arrangement OF mem, 10 Pre.e
these materials 10 the present Congress such Form as
will perhaps induce their preservation.
The cost of transportation has been much increased
within the last two wears The contracts made un-
der the letting for the north western and southwestern
sections, (embracng the States of Michigan, Indiana
Illinois, Wisconsin Iowa, Missouri. Kentucky, Ienses,
see, Alabama. Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, ana
Texas, and the Territory Of Minnesota which letting
took place in April Is5o increased the annual cost o.
transportation from the la day OF July lsoo aoou'
tractors together with the arrangements usually
consequent upon the change OF service which follows
letting added largely 10 the increased cost OF this service
The rates OF euch increase were about rer cent
IN service and Is per cent in aggregate cost Much o.
iha ncreaae in doubtless attributable to The unusua
scnrcy and high prices OF the coarse grams IN tha sec
tion during the year 1850
The new contracts for the southern section, embracing