davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09
AT ODD FELLOWS HALL,
WHIPPLE'S GRAND ORIGINAL EXHIBITION
OF THE DISSOLVING VIEWS

WHIPPLE'S GRAND ORIGINAL EXHIBITION
OF THE DISSOLVING VIEWS,
as Exhibited in the Cities qf Boston, Philadelpha
and elsetchsre.
ID REPRESENTATIONS of the most beautiful
IL Scenery of all parts of the world, with great
variety of Ancient and Modern Structures, Ruins,
Cities, Castles, &c, which produced in truly
wonderful manner. The most beautiful scenes
grow into proportion and again disappear, but SO
sudden and mysterious is the transition that il can
only be compared to the magic of dream seen by
the eye.
There has been but one sentiment expressed in
regard to this exhibition, that of commingled de-
light.
Open every evening, and Wednesday and Satur-
day afternoon.
Doors open at half-past and 3, and commence
at half.past and half-past 8.
Tickets 25 cents; children half price. Dec %
The above exhibition will be continued at Odd
Fellows Hall but short time longer
Jan. 6
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09
State OF New Yol'

State OF New HOrks
SUPREME COURT-IN EQUITY.
Henry Vail ct al, Executors of Laurent SALES
deceased,
John Tonnele ct al.
PURSUANT to decretal order of this Court
i made in the above entitled cause, will be sold
under the direction of the subscriber, the Referee
in said order named, by Anthony j. Blocker,
auctioneer, at the Rotunda in the Merchants Ex-
change, in the city of New York, on the ninth day
Of January next, at twelve o'clock noon of that
day, all that certain lot of land, with the dwelling
house and improvements thereon, situated on the
south side OF street, in the city of Washington,
in the District of Columbia adjoining the residence
of the late Mrs. James Madison, being the same lot
which is known on the general ground plan Of the
city of Washington as Lot No. l6, in Square No.
22l, and containing five thousand eight hundred
and twenty four square feet and three fourths of a
square foot, be the same more or less.
Dated New York, December 20, 1850.
THOMAS Adds EMMETT, Referee.
G.. Il. STRONG, Solicitor.
The above sale will be pcremptory to the highest
bidder. Fifty per cent! of the purchase money
may remain on the security of the property for
three years.
Possession be given shortly after the SALE
Dec 25-dts
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09
Fugitipe SLAVE case in Ne,o YORK

New YoRK, Jan. S.-Judge Judson has given
his decision in the of Henry Long, the fugitive
slave. He has ordered him TO be remanded TO his
owners.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09
Shiprreck.

New YORK, Jan. S.-The barque Lord, Landon,
from Liverpool, with five thousand sacks of salt,
was wrecked near Savannah; the captain and crew
were saved.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09
LIrTELL's LIVING AGE, No. s4s-1as CT

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE, No. 34s-I2I cts.
CONTENTS.
L. Rise, Power, and Politics of Prussia. Black
GOODS Magazine.
3 West Indian Agriculture. Examiner.
g. An American Idyl.--Literary World.
T. Haw- no moo; or Records of Tourist.-Na-
tional Intelligencer.
s. Domestic Life of Alexander of Russia
Sharpes Magazine.
6. Mammoth Cave of Kentucky.-FraSer's Nd
gGzine.
Z. A Chapter on Diamonds. Monthly Ma
gasine
s. Steam Communication with Australia
Morning Chronicle.
8. Supply of Cotton.-Iime
10. European Politics.-Spectator
IL. Lands in Ireand-Spcctat0r.
IL. Great Industrial Exhibition.--Spectator.
With Poetry and short articles.
GOA New Volume has just commenced.
"WAsHINarbN, December 81, lS45.
''Of all the Periodical Journals devoted to Lite
nature and Science which abound in Europe and in
this country this has appeared to to be the most
useful 1t contains, indeed, the exposition only OF
the currentliterature Of the English language but
this, by its immense extent and comprehension,
includes portraiture of the human mind in the
~. @. ADAMS"
Published weekly at $6a year, by
E. LITTELL & Co., Boston.
And sold by JOS. SHILLINGTON,
Jan 6-dtrw&wlw corner Pa. Al ct.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09

ENROM LONDON-A large case of English Books,
Il and old, imported per steamer Africa is
this day opened by FRANCK TAYLOR.
Jan
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09

THE NEW YORK & LIVERPOOL UNITED
STATES MAIL STEAMERS.
The ships comprising this line are
The ATLANTIC. ......... Capt. West
The PACIFIC ....-..-.... Capt. Nye.
The ARCTIC. ......,.......C Capt. Luce.
The BALTIC. Capt. Comstock.
The ADRIATIC .......... Capt. Grafton.
sk THESE ships having been built by
1[ contract expressly for Government
service, every care has been taken IN
their construction, also in their engines, to
sure strength and speed; and their accommodn-
tions for passengers are unequalled for elegance
comfort.
Price of passage from New York to Liverpool,
$3.50. Exclusive ofextra size state rooms, 1885,
from Liverpool to New York, EDS.
inexperienced surgeon will be attached to each
ship,
PROPOSED DATES OF SAILING.
From Nsao York. From Liverpool.
Saturday, Dec. 7th. Saturday, Dec IA, 1851.
Saturday, Dec. 2lst. Saturday, 2Sth.
Wednesday, Jan. !, 1851 Saturday, Jan. IL, 1851.
"Wednesday, g 18th Saturday, :. 25th.
Wednesday, Feb 18TH Saturday, 22d.
Wednesday, Feb. Doth Saturday, March sth.
Wednesday, March IL. Saturday, f" Dad.
Forfreight or passage, apply to
No So Wall street, N. Y.
Or to BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO.,
E. G. ROBERTS & CO.,
Is Kings Arms Yard, London
L. DRAPER, jr.,
boulevard, Montmartre, Paris.
The owners of these ships will not be account
able for gold silver, bullion, specie, jewelry, pre-
cious stones or metals, unless bills of lading are
signed therefor, and the value thereof therein
expressed.
{U- After the first of Aprilnextthe rate offreght
by the above steamers, from Liverpool will be ma
terially reduced. Nov. 90
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09

BosToN, JAM S.-Robert Rantoul, r., has been
nominated by the Democrats for the short term in
the U. S. Senate. The Free soilers have acquesced
in the nomination.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09
PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY
The United States Mail Steam. packets

The United States Mail Steam. packets
Panama, l0S7 tons. Capt. David G. Bailey
Oregon, 1909 tons. Z" c. p. Patterson.
California, l, 1850 tons Z" Thos. A. Budd.
Tennessee, 1 300 tons George A. Cole.
Carolina, 600 TONS. g r. l.. Whiting,
Unicorn, 900 tons.... 90 j. Y. Nicholson
are intended to form semi-monthly line between
Panama and ports in California
Passengers in the after cabins are furnished bed
ding, but not wines and liquors Passengers in
the Storage found with such ratons as are fur
nshed to the crew, and with mattress and pillow.
All passengers will be allowed space for personal
baggage free to the extent of $50 pounds weight,
not exceeding in measurement ten cubic feet
Freight on extra baggage or merchandise, when
taken, 800 per ton, and one and half per cent.
all specie.
Packages should not exceed 1875 pounds weight
for mule carriage
Cabin. Storage.
Passage from Panama to San
Bias Mazatlan. ............. 1925 90 800 90
Passage from Panama to San
Diego. 25O W l25 90
Passage from Panama to San
Francisco Observation-Disclosures. 300 90 $50 90
No stores to be landed will be taken as baggage.
All personal port charges, including health fees
and boat hire, to be paid by the passengers. No
passage secured until paid for. Apply at the office
of the Company, New York, 81 South street.
Sept 21-d6m
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09

~ posite the Treasury Building. Apply to C.
st. j. Chubb, at the Banking House of
Jan 1T CHUBB, SCHENCK & CO
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09

nISTURNELL'S UNITED STATES NATION
~ al Register and Calendar for IS5l-'52, contain
ing much useful statistical information, with ma d
Of the United States. Price % cents.
For sale by TAYLOR & MAURY,
Jan Booksellers, near 9th street
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-01-09

The DIssoLvINe VIEWS, at Odd Fellows Hall
not yet dissolved, but are as attractive ever
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
Dr. v. TE. SWayZe,
SURCECN DENTIST,
A Graduate Of de Baltmore College 81
Denial Surgery,

A Graduate of he Baltimore College Of
Dental Surgery,
HD ESPECTFULLY informs his friends
Ee in Stroudsburg and the public gen
orally, that he has permanently located
in Easton, where he will be happy to see
all who may wish his professional seryi-
ces.
The attention of physicians, as well as
the public generally, is called to his Den
tai Infrmary, for the relief and benefit
of poor children, or young persons who
have no means of paying for Dental ope-
rations. For all such he will willingly per-
form any needful operation upon their
teeth; or treat all diseases Of the gums or
mouth in the most careful and effectual
manner gratuituously.
From the pains he has taken to quail
fy himself by study, and from the skill
acquired from practice of seven years,
he hopes to merit the confidence of all
and receive share of public patronage.
e1~Gratuitous operations for the poor,
from Z to A. NJ, and from to o'clock,
P. NJ.
Office in Northampton street, second
door above Peter Pomp's New Drug Store,
N.B.-His professional engagements
will not possibly admit of his visiting
Stroudsburg this summer.
Easton, April "a, 1851.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
a,loiau Queen 6oteI,
Elizabeth So, STKouDsBURG, -

Elizabeth ST., STRoUDsBURG, ia.
qaS1l The undersigned respectfully IN
hssiii forms his friends and the public gener
sks!il ally, that he has taken The above Hotel
known TO the traselling community as 'Shlve-
Tvs Old Stand, and recently kept by Geo.
Swartwood.
The house is large, with ever convenience
for travellers and boarders.
The wards and siahling are extensive, and
eyery thing in the very best order Tor The ac-
couoda,ion ortravellers and others
The proprietor will use every effort TO nave
his table. chambers, bar. and every depart
ment of his house conducted in such man~
ner as TO secure the appreciation OF his custo-
mers.
The Stage office for the Mauch Chunk
Wilkes-Barre White Haven and Providence
stages will hereafter be at the above Hotei.-
Persons wishing to 60 or send with the a
bove stages, will please leave their orders
al the Indian Queen Hotel.
These lines leave this Hotel every Mons
day, Wednesday, and Friday morning al
o'clock.
JOSEPH j. POSTENS.
Proprietor.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10

Aad Consumption, pam IN Tie side and
mig1taweatS, Aatnoa, U7hoopjng Cough,
paLpitation Of tie heart, Licer complaint,
BrouchitiS, and all diseases of the
throat, lungs and liver cured by Sher-
mans All-Healing Balsam.
RAISING BLOOD & CONSUMPTION
Mr.. Mime, Builder, in Brooklyn, was
attacked with raising blood, followed by
a cough, pain in the side, and all the u
sua symptoms of consumption. He en-
pioyed two of the best physicians; they
did him no good, and tod him he could
not Ire.
Hearing of the wonderful cures per-
formed by Sherman's Balsam, he sent at
10 o'clock at night to Mrs Hayes, 1876
Fulton street, and got bottle; it operated
like charm, stopped the bleeding and
cough! Before he had taken one bottle
he was able to be about hi6 work. 1t had
saved his life. His daughter, residing at
127 Myrtle Avenue, can attest it.
Miss Ann Maston, Of Williamsburg,
living in Tenth, near South Fourth ST.,
says-That she had been troubled with a
hacking cough, and pain in the chest, for
long time, which at last become SO bad
that she was obliged to give up her school
for more than year. She then COM
menced taking the All-Healing Balsam
which soon alleviated her symptoms
She is now fast recovering, and has re-
sumed her laborious occupation as a teach
er.
IA years Mr.. John O'Neil, 10th ave-
nue. and 2lst street, suffered with a cough,
raising of phlegm, and pain in his side.
He could get no relief til he tried the
Healing Balsam, which drove the pain
from his side, allayed the cough, and
brought the disease upon the surface; and
before he had taken three bottles, was
entirely cured.
PLEURIsY AND CONSUMPTION
Mrs. Baggas, lady upwards of 20, re-
siding 50 Sheriff street, has for years been
subject to attacks of Pleurisy, Raising
of Blood, severe Cough, Shortness Of
Breath, Pain in her Head and various
parts of her body. Her friends believed
past recovery. The All-Healing Balsam
relieved her at once of all her alarming
symptoms, and now she is able to attend
to her work.
ASTHMA AND wHooPINe COUCH.
Mrs. Lucret;a Wells, 95 Christie ST.;
L. S. Beals, 10 Delaney street; w. II.
Youngs, rs Walnut ST.; know the value of
this great remedy.
Ask for sherman's All-Healing Bal
sam, and see that his written signature is
on each bottle.
Price 25 cents and 81 per bottle.
DIR. Sherman's Worm and Cough Lozen-
ges for sale at this Office.
May 8, 1861. ~
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10

No. s, Pear street, Near the ECchGnge;
PHILADELPHIA.
THE Subscriber having made great i'm
provemen,s in his method Of casting type and
mixing Of metals, and had thorough revision
of his matrices, the faces Of which are not ex-
celed, in beauty and regularly of cut, by any
in the country; fatters himselfthat by strict
personal attention TO business, and employing
none but the most skillnl workmen, he is ell
abed 10 offer
A Superior Article, at greatly reduced Prices
He is constantly adding to his stock all that
is new from lhe best workmen Of this and 9th
er countries. and having lately procured from
Europe. a great variety Of NEW FACES
and ORNAMENTS, Soliciis the attention of
Printers thereto.
Specimens will be sent to those wishing to
order.
Presses, Chases, Cases, Ink, Stands, Gal
leys, Brass Role, and every other article nee
ded to furnish a complete Printing Office,
supplied at the shortest notice.
GERMAN BOOK AND JOB TYPE,
or the newest style and Of all sizes. carefully
put up in fonts OF correct proportion.
ALEXANDER RODB.
January 80 lS5l.-ly.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
SCHOCH.

wholesale ana RetGu
EDruggists and others are informed that
we have made arrangements to supply this
medicine 10y the Dozen, at the Manufactur-
ers' prices. 1t will be to their advantage
therefore TO procure their supplies from US.
The Recipe 10 manufacture This article,
was sold a few months ago, for the sum of
One Hundred Thousand Dollars, the best
evidence of its great worth as a medicine.
The sale has been unexampled.
Ii you want the genuine article always
ask for DR.. S. p. Townsend's SarsaParila.
September 5, 1851
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
The Ladies' Keepsake,
EDITLD BY
PROFESSOR ABBOTT,
PUBLISHED MONTHLY, BY

JOHN S. TAY LOR.
Will make one of the most elegant annual
volumes ever published in this country. The
volume for 1851 will contaiR twelve splendid
engravlngs of the most lllustrious Women of
the Bible, with descriptive sketches Of each
The Subscriber begs to call the attention of
the LADIES to this work, and as an induce
ment to subscriptions, Gnsiead of the usual
commission allowed TO agents,) he will for
ward the work, free of postage. to each sub
srriber who may send To the office of publi-
cation, one dollsr seven copies for five dol.
lars, fifteen copies for ten dollars.
JOHN S. IA YLOR, Publish,
l43 Nassau ST. New York.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
CH HHECKNAN.
Former Sheriff Of Northampton county

Former Sheriff Of Northampton county.
EAsroN, Pa, August 5, 1850.
About Two years since my little daughter
caught the Measles, which left her with
severe cough, which no doubt would have
turned to consumption had not DR. s p 1'o,cn-
sends Sarsdparilla been given, and by which
she was perfectly restored to health
JOSEPH STA BP.
This is TO certify, that my child was afflicted
with horrible disease in the face (Which
resisted the efforts Of my family physician,)
and was entirely cured by half bottle Of
DR.. S. P. Townsend's Sarsapari.Ia
WILLIAM WOOD.
Uniontown. Fayette CO., Pa, July 1850
This is TO certify that we have sold Dr. S P
Townsend's Sarsaparilla for many years, and
consider it a very valuable medicine, many
cures having been effected in our vicinity
A young man by the name of Wesley Roihe-
rock, of this place, was cured of the Scroiu-
la, (havng large Jumps in his neck) by the
use Of one bottle.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10

rived, that persons suffering from secret dis
eases, need no more become the victim Of
quackery, as by the prescriptions contained in
this book, any one may cure hlmslf, without
hinderance 10 business, or the knowledge Of
the most intimate friends. and with one tenth
ihe usual expenses. In addition TO the gen.
era routine private disease, it fully explains
The cause of manhood's early decline, with
observations on marriage-besides many oih-
er arrangements which it would not be pro-
per to enumeraie in the public prints.
DJAny person sending TWENTY-FIVE
cents enclosed in in a letter, will receive
one copy Of this book by mail, or five cop
les will be sent for one dollar. Address,
CDR. VIM. YOUNG. No. l52 SPRUCE
Street, PHILADELPHIA" Post paid.
III DR.. YOUNG can he consulted on
any Of the diseases described in his diff
ferent publications, at his Office, I52
SPRUCE Street, every day between and
o'clock, [Sundays excepted
January 80, lS5l.-ly.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10

The testimony in its favor is over
whe ming. The proprietors are dai y in
receipt of 'etters and certificates, going
to prove It's remarkable efficiency to all
eases of worms, both in chi dren and a
du is. The re ief given, and the immcdi-
ate improvement of health which follows
its use, has called the attention of physi-
clans to this article, and they freely re-
commend & prescribe it in their practice.
THE reta5l price as 25 cents per eiaiachich
brings 1t scitJttp tie means Of aH
Brooklyn, T. I. January l6, 1s47.
] do certify that gave one bottle of
B. A. Fahnestock's Virmifuge tony child,
and in seAen hours it passed % large
worms. Any person doubling this may
apply for further information at my resi-
dence corner of York and jackson SITS.
JAMES McCAFFREY.
P0ng5tkeepSie, n. Y. March 2, 1914.
/ certify, that l took two vials Of b. A.
Fahnestock's Virmifuge, which [ found
to be the greatest cure for worms | have
ever used. / have been troubled with
tape worms for number of years, and /
have never found so good medicine as
b. A. Fanestock's Virmifuge. l there
fore recommend it,
MARTHA Gift.
The public is cautioned against coun-
torfeits and spurious articles, and,to put
no confidence In statements that Kolm-
stock's,' and IS. Fahnestock's, Virmifuge
are the same or as good as the only gen.
uine article, which is B. A. Fahaestock's
HeYWtf<ce.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
Easton & Milford Rzail Lime,
VIA STROUDSBUGR.


Passengers in this Zine wiz leave DO
seph Hagenbuch's Inn, sign OF the
+" Back Horse" Easton, every Monday,
Wednesday and Friday, passing through
the folzowing places, viz:-Richmond,
CentreviNe, Williamsburg, DIS Ferry,
DelawareW ater Gap, Dutotsburg, ,strouds-
burg, BushkiH, and Dingman's Ferry, and
arrive in Milford the same day: Distance
60 miles. Returning, leave Samuel DIM
mick's Hotel, Milford, every Tuesday,
Thursday and Saturday, and arrive in
Easton the same day.
Fare from Easton to Stroudsburg, 81 %
I" (" Milford, 81
N. B. al baggage at the risk of the
owners.
WITT TTANa nLHANT
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
Tb0c p I'D g 8
Huntingdon. Pa. July Sd, Use
NOTICE.

The public are notified that DR.. S ? Towns
ends Extract Of SarsaParila, will in future
be manufactured under the direction of Jas. Z
Chiffon, Chemist, whose name in connection
with that of DR.. S Townsend, will be up
on each bottle, to prevent fraud. Sold in
Sfroud : SbnrU by
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
READ THE EVIDENCE.

EAsToN, Pa, August 5, 1850.
This is to certify that have been troubled
with sweled leg for twenty-five years, al
tended with general debility, and was restor-
ed to perfect health by the use OF DR. 5 +.
Townsend's Sarsaparila. ] can refer 10
others in this place who have taken this val
liable medicine, and who speak in terms OF
the highest commendation Of lis healing viz
ines
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
WILLIAM DEAN.
Stroudsburg, May 1851.
MONROE COUNTY
MIN II VIZ % = n I
,usIsal Fire EESEgr;lIsCG Comply.

Mutual Fire Insurance Comply.
VENhe rate of Insurance is one dollar on
Il the thousand doa5lrs insured, after
which payment no subsequent tax VIII
be levied, except to cover actual loss or
damage by fire, that may faH upon mem
bers of the company.
The nett profits arising from interest
or otherwise, wiz be ascertained yearly,
for which each member in proportion to
his, her, or their deposit, wiz have a
credit in the company. Each insurer IN
or with the said company wiz be MEM
Der thereof during the term of his or her
policy. The principe of Mutual Insur-
ance has been thoroughly tested-has
been tried by the unerring test of expert
ence, and has proved successful and be-
come very popular. 1t affords the great
est security against loss or damage by
fire, on the most advantageous and rea-
sonable terms.
Applications for Insurance to be made
in person, or by letters addressed to
JAMES II. WALTON, Sec'y.
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
stroudsBurs and Mamch Chumk
Mail Line of Stages.

This line leaves j ]. Postens' Hotel, Qn-
diar Qgeen,) in Strondsburg. every Monday,
Wednesday and Friday, at Z o'clock A. NJ
via FenneIsvile, Shalers p. o. KTesgeyille,
Weissporl, and Lehighlon TO Mauch Chunk
where il arrives at 4'o'clock P. NJ, ard con
meets with lines from louisville, Berwick and
other places. Returning, leave c.. CoGnor's S
hotel, in Maueh Chunk, every Tuesday,
Thursday and Saturday, at A. NJ and ar
rive in Stroudsburg at A p NJ.
This line connects with the Wilkesbarre
and White Haxen stages al Skaters p. O.
Monroe county,-and with the New York.
Easton, Milford and Honesdale stages al
S,roudsburg.
+ A II Il
From Stroudsburg to Mauch Chunk So 90
White Haven 90
Wilkesbarre so
}. ST0uFFER g. Co,
fsoruafy Is, 1851. ProPretors
Jeffersonian Republican. [volume] (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 1840-1853, 1851-07-10
III, JoWAIIFOIT.
April "a, 1851.

Alto RNEY AT LAW.
Has removed his Office to his dwelling
house, first door below the Office of the
''Monroe Democrat" and directly oppo-
site S. j. Hollinshead's hotel, Elizabeth
street.
Stroudsburg, Dec. 10, 1850.