Weekly national intelligencer., 1851-11-08

X, NOVEMBER 8, 1861.
,doped and which will wo equal jusce all which
will be regulated by law, and be under State CONTROL and
will improve instead Of deteorae public and private virtue
will aid the finances of the State and place her the high
road 70 the destiny which awaits her, Such plan will
suggest In another communication. CALIFORNIA.
FROM J0UaHAL.
In previous communications pointed OF the OBJ
cons and abuses 10 which the free mining system, 1t s
Usually called was liable TO in my estimation. and will now
Promised suggest better suited, in Judgment to
The uue interests Of the State but, before doing will
Ssr further objections and difficulties the free min
g On the lands while owned by The United States II these
nds 70 be held by The United States for that purpose,
ind TINS TO be made exception 10 the uniform aad setted
bolcof the General Government with its public domain,
lppeberd shall with difficulty not thought Of by its
advocates and which has he overcome il be, before
ouch plan be adopted by Congress- and approved by
he 6eR The United States have constitutional power
in Perpeiuiy, snd but for limited and specified
Eh navy yards, fot< lighthouses, &c, and the
cot 1be State in which such lands lie has TO be first
y lpt circumstances have forced them tn .-----,
proprietors, derived under Indian uesues ana
a + ss.; ~ aa;i Z - a.as:s esse s. s:
vsaxes to the nation but il has aways been regarded and
treated - ruN ~ the use and benefit q the people
Of the United Sates and cannot be regarded on Prn
CIple IN OueT tu0u W cAeCusru
al soon the circumstascs would justify and the action
Of Congress this subject The best exponent of the nature
and extent of this trust Hence we nd that the public lands
are ordered be surveyed and offered for sale to meet the
wsnS of the people fast they conveniently can, and that
never has been pretended that they should be held for any
othe uses with but few inconsiderabe EXCEPTIONS where
ass Dconsideratey, contend ordered, but failed
to neet public expectation But satisfied, if 1t wee at
tented create and orgsnzs great scheme OF easng or,
whh would be tantamoun to the same thing, attempt to
hu hv
its public domain, with the avowed intention ofmakng per-
pe without limit tme would be regarded, and in
my judgment justly SO, high and dangerous assumption
ppwer and invasion Of State sovereignty, and which
Stat would submit TO- II would involve in such scheme
the eatons Of landlord and the General Gov
ernrent and the citizens Of the State relation which appo
praey belongs to the citizens alone, to State and its
ciizns The State has right to the full jurisdiction Of its
soil and it is only parted WITH or permitted to be withheld
tempy and with the understanding that the United States
SHALL without unreasonable delay part with its title in the
usual way to American citizens when gives its mt
interfere with the primary disposal Of the public
lands by the United States, implying clearly that they are to
be sod and not held in perpetuy for any what
ever and State which submits to any other than
sale compromises its own dignity therefore hold that
without departure from great conservative principle Of
State sovereignty, this system OF free mining cannot be
adopted by the United States and permitted BY the State
while the title remains in the former and there other
way to effect that scheme principle than cesson Of these
lands the State the policy andproPney Of such cesson
will not discuss Much may be said both rides Of
that question but cession for the object OF establishing
system Of such doubtful policy, and being SO
much variance and against the settled and uniform policy
Of the Government in the disposal Of it's public domain
not likely soon if ever to be done however desirable
such ceon might be to the citizens Of the State for other
State purposes will therefore pass to the only plan
likely adopted because it is the uniform and settled one
Of the Government, and likely to be departed from in
this case; and that order survey, in suitable sized tracts
and osr them for e Bot objections have been urged
against sas ofhese mneraland buttspoer thatI should
ndce ths most plausible Of them. Ono sbecto0 and
hsps the most plausible, hs in Of sae the most
vnusbls poons Of these lands might fall into The hands o
cspi,sss and nonopcss think, in oonparson Of the
two plans that have only to ask every miner 10 the
try in whose hands and under whose control the vaua
bic portions Of the mines present. under the present
tenn, is it OF already monopoly. and can sale o
these places make it far as the public interest
concerned But SALE under aplan which can be- and Will
perhaps be- devised the existing monopoes may be broken
down. and prevented from existing again to the same EXTENT
except perhaps in time they may grow up in the ordinary
course Of traffic among the owners of the land This can
not and ought not to be checked if it could Men with
money ought TO be allowed lay it out in their way,
according to law and men ought be allowed to sell their
own property in their way, and to whom they choose
But the plan which propose adopt will place the rich and
the poor on equal footing, is practicable to
do and all have equal chance Of purchasing the public
snd what follows will be but the unresrained right of all 10
buy and sell as they please But who will be the capitalists
most likely purchase these mineral ands Will they be
the Baring the Rohchids, and the Aspinwas! Or will
they be chiefly the miners themselves Who else will know
what to bid for, understandngy, but the miners Inc
value Of these lands does not consist in their productive qua
y the growth Of vegetation, or in thing else which
be learned from view OF them but their value has to be
learned by tie use Of the pick and shovel and hard cks
and Who is most likely do this. the working man or the
wealthy merchant think, therefore, they will chiefly be
BY the abong people, who will make their homes
there with their families around them and these are the
kind of men who ought to own them and who can own
them and who will own them. Whether he be rich poor,
il matters but e if he will but settle Of these small
tracts with his family where he take out three or four
dollars uer day he will with the economy in living which
he can practice with his family about him. become rich
which the migrating and Transient miner, with his family
thousands of miles from him. cannot do because his habits
Of living and perhaps necessarily will take all be
will make to support him. If such population can own
these mines and settle them, as will be the case II sold to
great extent and once they will continue to increase az
their influence and thrift will be felt and and induce
others TO do So In this way shall substitute fixed
population of American citizens with their families around
hem for the present migratory and floating one without
families and without the moral restraints which the Other
class will exert We shall substitute population who wil
retain their gains and seek investments with them in the State
for one which takes them out OF the Sste either
bv traders and others equally anssory IN their haha
tion, great extent at least We shall substitute popu
aon who will feel the need Of exerng moral influence
and will up and support the school house and church, TO
one which has the inducements to those ends but which
under similar circumstances would do We shou'
have all the advantages resulting from fixed population
subs tuted for the disadvantages Of migratory and floating
one.
(hough that is certain but should boast Of what w
cannot could boast ofhose who did emgrate and re-
manned here permanent citizens and we might not poa
Of as large exports Of gold DUST but could boast OF wha
cannot nowha while the yield Of the mines would be
least great could boast Of it's remaining in the Slate
nd in