The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-07-30

have degenerated into mere drones, become lethar-
gic and many Of them useless rs the stools they
sit on Offices are regarded IS created for the be-
neft Of those who hold them more than for the
public use. The evil has swelled 30 treme ndously
that il threatens to taiat thu whole government.
In future letters may venture to suggest some
remedies that should DO adopted, or, at Least, will
point out what think should no. be done, and the
reasons that influence my judgment. Some RENE
dies proposed here would, think, increase the mis-
chiefs anticipate, before am through, sll kinds
81 assaults uposmy essays, and that shall have but
little support from the public press Engaged in
the ptaful strife Of partIan politics. and looking to
the division Of the spos Of Office and public plum
der, more than TO the public veal IN ost newsp paper
have allotted to my self, and perform which faith
fully shall persevere, throug h good and through
evil report, IL needs be, single handed and alone
and, cat all hazards, and to the last extremity"
h. u. y.
WASHINGTON, July q, 1851.
Canadian Reproductive British North An,1i
can Fisheries.
The pugnacious dem onstrations Of MIR. Hinoks, in
she Canadian Parliament, in conseq uencs Of the
refusal Of Congress pass the socslled Reciprocity
bill, having died away, and the proceedings Of the
several Canadian Boards Of Trade displaying some
glmmerings Of common sense, it is not altogether
improbable the subject of general measure of re-
ciproosl trade with all the British North American
Colonies, upon an enlarged and liberal footing,
may meet with favor next session-slways suppos-
ing that addresses to Buncombe, Presidential wire
pulling, investig into Galphinism, and other
interesting topics, do not monopoli1e the whole
time.
The subject Of reciprocal trade with Canada is
very little understood here and the great anxiety
which has been observed on the part of the Cana
dian authorities to pass thr ,ugh bill which merely
affects portion of tho trade. has naturally caused
1t to be looked upon with distrust. We have be-
fore US, however, q voluminous report, presented
last Congress, and drawn up by direction of the
Treasury Department, by Isaac y. Andrews, Esq,
U. s. Consul, st. John, New brunswick, which
goes into history Of the whole matter, and de-
tail Of the trade for series of years past between
this country and the provinces The report is writ
ten with much ability, and displays good deal of
research. An account Of the f,heries seems to us
to be very interesting and presenting entirely new
deeply affects large interest in the United States
particularly in New England, and We there fore
give place to it, We purpose at some future time
TO give extracts from other portions of MIR. An
drews' report. Whatever opinion may be formed
to the question Of reciprocal trade it is right and
proper that the subject should be Understood
THE BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN FISHERIES.
The extent and value Of the fisheries on the
Grand Bank OF Ne wfoundland on the shores Of New
foundlAnd, Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, New
Brunswick, and within the Gulf Of st. Lawrencs
have long been known and highly appreciated.
These fisheries are now prosecuted exclusively by
citizens of the United States, BY citizens Of France
and BY subjects Of Great Britain, under various
treaties and conventions, brief sketch of which
will be necessary to elucdate clearly the relative
rights Of the several parties mentioned
The cod6shery on the banks of Newfoundland, and
along the coasts Of North America, commenced
few years after its discovery liz 1917 mention 10
made Of the first British ship which had been At New
toundiand; who're, at the came time, fifty Spanish.
French, and Portuguese shPs we're fshiAS The
French, in 1886, were extensively engaged in this
ashery,. and In lsSo there were employed in 1t by
Spain, 100 sh5es BY Portugal, so ships; and by
England only - hips The Biscsysns had, about the
same time, from 20 to so vessels in the whale fishery
Of Newfoundland; and some English ships. in
1888, made . voyage in quest Of whales and morses
(walrus) to Cape Breton, where they found the
wreck ofa Biscay ship. and 500 whale fms. Eng
Lard had, in 1918, 1T Newfoundland $50 ships, and
the French, Biscaysns, and Portuguese, 400 ships.
From this period, the fisheries carried on by Eng
land became Of great national consideration
DE Witt observes that the English navy became
formidable BY the discovery Of the inc xpressibly
rich fishing bank Of Newfoundland" In 1926 the
French possessed themselves Of and settled At Pla-
oentia; and that nstisn always vowed the English
fishery with the greatest jealousy. But the value
OF those fisheries to England fully appreciated
rs appears by various acts Of Parliament as vol as
by the different regulations adopted for their pro-
lection.
BY the treaty Of Utrecht, tho value and impor-
lance Of the fisheries Of Newfoundland Nova Scotia,
and New Highland. were particularly regarded
The French, however, continued afterward, !, and
until they. we're deprived Of all their possessions
IN North hmsrieA, to carry on more extensively
than the English did the fisheries the banks snd
coasts OF America; and In 1874, hosvy complaints
were made BY the English (who had established a
very extensive and pre- ftsble fishery at Canso Nova
Scotis,( against the Ere nch at Lewisburg, and at
other places in the neighborhood.
About this period, the inhabitants Of New Eng
land had about twelve hundred tons of shipping
employed In the whale fishery; and with their YES
sells engaged In the oodfshey, they caught up
wards Of 2, 900 quiatals of fsh valued At 72s Der
quintals, which they exported to Spain, and differ
snt parts within the Mediterranean, and remitted
the proceeds In payment for English manufactures,
Gl72,0O0.
The value Of this fishery, and the important shin
fishery carried on by the English at Newfoundland,
were, however, Of less mag altitude than the French
fisheries, before the conquest of Cape Breton. BY
these alone, the navy Of France became formidable
to all Europe. In I7e, when Lewisburg was taken
BY the forces sent from New England, under Sir
William Peppercll and British squa Iron, the
value Of one years. fishery |, the North American
sess, and which depended on france possessing
Cape Breton, was stated ~ E92S, 900.
IL was maxim with the French government,
that their American fisheries were Of more nstionsi
value IN regard TO navigation and power. than tho
gold mines OF Mexico could have been II tho latter
had been Possessed by France.
In 1913, however, AT the treaty OF peace, Engisnd
restored Cape Breton IL return for Madras, which
the forces OF France had conquered two years be
ioro; AID that nation again enjoyed the full sdvsn-
uges ct the fisheries until I7Jg, when the surrender
OF Cspe Breton. No -founclsnd, and Canada, dee
trcysd French power in North America.
By tie eth and siXth articles Of the treaty Of
PaEi., signed IN l1t5, II was agreed as follovsi-
That the Freoch shall have the liberty Of fish.
ing and drJ ing part Of toe coasts q the island
Of newfoundland, ne specified In the 18th article
oftbe treaty Of Utrecht, and that the French may
also NIB IN the Gull Of st. Lawrence; that they
DO net exercise the same but at tie distance Of three
Leagues from hll the casts belonging 20 Great
Britain, BE- wtD those of the continent a. those of
the isiaAcs IN the saic gulf And 10 what relates
70 The fishery out Of The said gulf tae Preach ehall
ektfcs< TIE same, bst at the distance Of fifteen
leagues from oosst OF Cape Breton. Great Britain
cedes 90 France, 70 shelter for the Frcuch
fishermen. the islands Of ~ Pierre and hiluelon,
and bis most Christian Majesty ohliges himself on
has roy word not 10 fortify the sad islands nor
70 troct any ether buildings thereon but merely for
The convenieIce Of the fishery, aud 10 keep more
u al 81. men for tLeir police"