New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-02-05

Y,
$4,000. In addition TO the building 400 pieces
of goods were consumed The loss Ills upon
the combined Companies, who are an associated
Mutual Insurance Company, by recent act or
the Legs ature
The English In Australia.
For ages Australia lay in its original c3ndtion'
untrodden by the feet OF white men IN l'o,
Captain Cook, immOrtaliZed as minls'ee oil CIV
ilization, observed on the eastern coas- a naroor
whose shores were covered with a ssriety Of
beautiful plants He called the place Botany
Bav. To him it was endeared by assoc atoms Of
delight; 10 US its name is repulsive, IS attached
10 sink of crime After this voyage, accounts
of the unknown Southern land were Circulated
through Europe IL was at this unhappy period
that the olgarchy of England blinded by selfish
nassion abandoned her interests and lost the
brightest Jewel in her empire. The American
colonies revolving under oppression, pr claimed
their independence aud the mother state, naVllS
cast from her bosom the quest child she nad nur-
tured went forth again to seek new nome ior
her offspring in the waste places OF the world
An Australian settlement was PROJECTED, TOR the
reception Of convicted criminals. An expedition
was at once equipped. 1t consisted OF TWO yes
sells of war; six transports, and three s.ore'ships
On board were SOC male aud 1872 female conylctsi
100 marines with their officers, and lie usual
complement Of crews. Provisions, tools. nipple.
ments and materials were provided. burdened
for the " Unknown Southern Land"
The expedition reached the shores OF Australia
in January, 1888 sailor named Jacason dls-
covered through a gap in the line OF GINS tne
magnificent harbor named IN honor oi Hs discoV-
erer The situation was preferred 70 toat OF 30
tany Bay; the boats were manned, AM me peo-
ple stepped out of them. literally under .he sha-
dow of forest. All was wild and silent The
tents were pitched, an encampment was arranged,
the ak and spade were set to work, and me Eng
lish name and nation were for the hrst time es.
tablshed in Australia. On that distant shore,
then clothed with dreRry woods, there now stands
the capital Of a great colony prosperous city,
embellished with beautiful structures, p1pulouE
and rich, and stamped with the impress oi clyill-
cation. Scarcely sixty two years, therefore, nave
elapsed since the birth OF colony ne" ootrVal-
ing, in the rapid growth Of its importao 70, every
other in the world
But New. South Wales did not spring 1t strug
gled into prosperity. The early years OF ts exist.
ence were full Of trouble. The qualities OF the
soil were not understood the crops were scantyi
the convicts were idle and greedy The military
were nsubordinate; supplied arrived a. distant
intervals, and the hopes Of the settlers we're de-
pressed by the dread OF famine. Sca!Llty and
disease made havoc among them, and before four
months bad passed gallows cast It's omened
shadow over the birthplace OF Sydney. Ayouth,
only seventeen years OF age, stained me infant
city with crime, and was cut OFT "in the land OF
promise" by the hands Of the hangman Another
miserable creature during time of want, swal
lowed eight pounds Of flour cakes at q IA cal, and
died OF surfeit Others, sharing the Ignorance OF
more educated classes ia England, conceived the
idea of escape by travelling 0vcTldnd To China.
They started on their journey, and were never
more heard of. Probably they were killed by the
natives but possibly, also, some became domestl'
Gated among them, and relapsed into the savage
state of life. Recently, it Is well known, soma
sailors did so, on the coast above Moreson Bay.
The colony struggled for exist nee during many
years.
A settlement was founded at Norfolk sland to
relieve Sydney from some OF its conycG popula-
ton but, in spite of every exertion, the century
drew to q close while New South Wales was In
the most unpromisng condition. Deuded by
dreams of sudden fortune. many spent their time
in an Improbable search for gold. One OF the
convicts, noticing the passion Of his com panonss
resolved to profit by it. With a guinea and 4
brass buckle he manufactured specimen Of ore,
and declared he had found il near the hills. The
fraud was detected instead Of the rc yard he
looked for, the former received hoggng, and, az.
rward committing smOre serious ofense, ended
his life on the scafold. A contrast between the
condition ofthe colony during the frat yeas OF it's
establishment with its present state, Displays
remarkable result -Four years alter the landin8
at Port Jackson, the public stock consisted ofone
aged stallion two colts sixteen cows, t~c calves,
one ram, fifty ewes six lambs, one boar iolrteen
sows aud twenty pigs At Paramh,ta, near
Sydney there were three hundred acres cultiya-
ted with Indian com, forty four with wheat, six
with barley, one with oats four with vines, and
eighty six laid out in gardens, beside B. ,enteeR
belonging 10 the soldiers
In ell, therefore, there were lle an'nlls fed,
and 45s acres titled. Before 1885, ebo 7,o00.-
900 lbs. Of wool had been shipped ffo d New
South Wales, which now contains about 100000
sheep, more than 90 600 horses, nearly 100000
cattle, and igsbeyord calculation. Aoo $4,000
sheep and 10 900 cattle are slaughterec aanuals
ly, producing more than 10000 cwt C tallow.
10000 acres are under cultivation; they oduce
nearly 100000 bushels Of gram, and Z than
$4,000 tuns OF potatoes, tobacco and hsy. From
such small beginnings has New SOur7 Wales
risen 10 this position. A sketch Of its extsat and
resources may explain the rapid progress
5harpe's % gaz.ne.