New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-11-06

through peace, through times OF eh'husias'N
LOYALTY and times of rebellion, against haHely
and against opposltion-a represen'1sf. oonSu i
tuition. which. in the completeness OF ITS detail,
IN the ACTIVITY II inspires. forms one OF Inc best
..lfgovsmmepts the world has ever seem we
must admit that, in intellectual and moran re-
spects. the race Is not surpassed by any e4isuhg'
In energy and perseverance.
They are law in work OF the hands, but not
in work of the head. And they have certainly
shown in political life the same uaIsI m
English-hke grit" and steadlness-whlch' IN
other circumstances would make them equally
successful IN more material work.
As continued on my tourney, IN the country
OF the HaIdEcks. the same understanding PHssfaS
filed the view, as before Not the least original
feature OF the scene, TO me, were the talI peas
ant herdsmen who were accompanying each
herd IN the plains All were tall, vigorous men,
and as they stood wrapped IN their large white
sheep-skins, watching the focks, they seemed
more like chieftains IN the desert than cattle
drivers OF shepherds. That universal garment,
the sheep-skn forms their only covering sum
mer and Winter-and. rolling themselyeS IN tnat'
they sleep the e Spring and Summer nights
SAFELY. amid the dews and rains, on the ground
Most of them have little donkey with theW'
with provisions and wine, and with ths they ioi-
low the fOcks wherever they go Each one, 100
has his little body-guard of the long bodied white
dops-the peculiar dogs Of Hungary II appears
that IN every town and village, the people, IN or
der 10 save the expense OF separate heruSmah
for each flock, unite and send out their horses
and cattle under the care of few of these herds
men. 10 the Pusztas. and leave them there Tor
Summer
The same thing is done, too, with the SWINE
and sheep In the Autumn. or when theY may
hapren 10 need them. they are again crlven IN,
and either killed or sold. The same community
OF MANAGEMENT is applied tool may have pc
fore remarked-to their vineyards, winch are
all often IN one common plot ct ground ana are
tended hv a few yine-dressers, hired by them all.
These cattle-drlvers or heTdsmen have natu-
rallv wild life Of II. They hive on the fusztas'
near Dehreczin, often the year around, Win
their herds-and sometimes for weeks are scarce
" ever of from their horses, except to sleep
Thsy have become often a halisayage race, yet
with peculiar romance and chlyalry about them
which has always made them the aNorlte SUD
iect of the Hungarian popular poetry
Their wants are very little, as they i've mostly
on rk.fat (speck) cooked with red pepper, and
on WINE. with sometimes the addition OF stew
of beef, IN an enormous Kettle, from when 'hey
pluck out the pieces and eat them, hall raw
Yet. despite this they have frequently oeeh 'he
most notorious robbers IN Hungary apparently
robbing from the mere love OF the adventure OF
il, and always taking the rich as their victims.
Their feats in stealing horses, IN daring attacks
on wealthy traders, are the especial themes OF
the Hungarian ballads, and quite remind one OF
the EXPLOITS in the Robin Hood ballads IN Eng
lsh literature These herdsmen have often
formed. in the distant PusZtas, or within the en-
tangled forests on the right bank OF the Danube,
formidable robber bands, such that the force OF
law could not easily reach them. II is only
within ive years such band existed IN the
Bakonu,r Wood. under Rosa Sander, which
defed all the efforts of the local magistrates and
plundered with lmpunity. Sobri, too, before hin'
was equally famous, and equally able to brave
the lew II is a curious tact, that when the revo-
hutton arose, all these robber bands offered their
services TO the Hungarian Ministry and did good
and brave work as euerlllas, through the war
have been with an officer who was present
when Sander came to offer himself and his band
t. kossuth as guerilla corps IL is said Sander
tecame quite as distinguished In his onslaughts
on Austrian conveys as he had formerly been IN
those on peaceful travellers
The report was IN Hungary, that even now
the remnants Of these bands, and numbers OF
disbanded soldiers, had formed almost an army
Of II arauders. in the Bakonyer Wood, near the
Plonen LAKE. so formidable that the Austrian
military had been utterly unable TO extirpate
them.
As | approached, in this Journey, the country
around Debreczn, II became more evident was
coming near the great swine and cattle market
OF Hungary. The droves OF animals on the
plains increased IN number. especially Of the
short-legged breed of hogs, which they call the
Turkish" | believe. This is usually Of a color
partly gray and partly reddish brown with
mixture too of curled hair and bristles over the
back An odd looking species, but said to he
very tough to their climate and to give very ex-
cellent fat The trade IN hogs Is by no means
an unlmportant one IN Hungary, though the
swine from Bosnia and Wallachia are driven in
,ho har mn hat IL hat
difficult 10 give the exact amount. The number
of hogs exported in lS45 amounted to over
$50 coo, and the internal trade Is OF course, much
more considerable. The peculiar breed OF sheep
too, which Is found near Debreczln, began to
show itself-a cross with the merlnO-wlth long
silky wool and curious looking twisted horns
he wool Of the Hungarian sheep Is exceedingly
valued all through Eastern Europe, and after the
wars Of Napoeon's times, the very profitable ex-
ports Of this probably saved the mass OF the
small farmers from great embaTrassments IN
money matters. Great attention has been paid
10 improving the breeds They are Indebted for
The introduction of the Spanish breeds to the
Empress Maria Theresa, who was one Of the
few soyerelgns Of Austria that have really Ia
bored Tor the advancement OF Hungary
The export Of wool before the Revolution
averaged nearly 100000 /eHtner--Or about
2.eeOUCO lbs yearly. This part OF Hungary was
famous too. they told me, for It's genuine Hun
garlan horses and the plains, as rode along,
seemed certainly well stocked with them. THIS
breed-quite as much used by the peasants as by
any-ls directly descended from the Turkish and
Asiatic stock-a finellmbed, eep-chested breed,
though small, and more adapted for light caval-
nv than any very heavy work IN war or peace.
Except in the best studs, these horses al
most always very ilLkept, and do not give one
much promise Of speed, as the Bap,r tackle
three or four OF them abreast 10 the old wicker
wagons But they are nearly always fleet
animals, and are the most enduring horses, and
the most toughened to heat or cold, of any
breeds which they have in Hungary.
The whole stock Of Hungarian horses had, IN
the latter part CT the last century, very much de-
generated, especially by the mlngilng OF poor
foreign breeds nom Denmark and Italy At the
beginning OF this, the attention OF the gentry
through the land was aroused to the Importance
OF improving the breed, and more careful modes