The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-04-30

remained behind. 1t is obvious, then, that 40 ia
as the woollen manufacture is dependent upon til
supply Of domestic wool, il has actually diminished
WHILE SO far as 1t depends upon foreign WOOL il ha
very greatly declined. The average import Of for
eign wool, in lS45 and 1876, was about % million
OF pounds, the import having tretisd, while the do
mestic production 30 greatly increased; but now
that the domestic production has recedcd, impor
has also receded The average import OF IS4s ane
ls49 was only 1900 OOo and that Of 1850 has beer
| Is, ,000, 900.
The duty on woollen goods was reduced with .
view to remove tax which was supposed to di
minish consumption, but, far as the domestic
production is concerned, it is clear that the actua
consumption has very largely diminished, notwith
| standing an increase of numbers exceeding the to-
| tai population OF some important kingdoms of Eu-
rope. Such being the case, we may advantage
ously inquire If the import Of foreign woollens has
made amends for this extraordinary deficiency.
The average import of cloths and cassimeres in
lo4o ana lo46. was ........... $500 ,0Ot
That Of lS49 was ......-.............. 1885,
Inat OF 1901 6.lS4,99C
The average import of woollen goods Of all kinds
IN lo4o and loa6, was. ............ l036O 0OO
nhat OF !o4S was OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. IS,7e4 ,O0O
That OF 1901 1886 200
The average price of wool, when manufactured,
Is probably one dollar per pound. We have, there
lore, an excess OF foreign manufactures equal to
tiue millions and those not paid for, and diminu
| tion in the domestic manufacture equal to fifteen
millions. 1t il obs ious that the actual quantity of
wool consumed ia lcss by many millions Of pounds
|
doubled in the period Of the existence of the tariff
| Of lS42. The object Of the change of policy was
that OF increasing The ratio Of the grot1fh Of
sumption; but it has not only not accomplished that
object, but it has actually reduced the consumption
| OF iron and OF cotton and woolcn cloths to a far
less amount for population Of twenty four mil
lions than il was under the tariff Of 1912 for pop
ulation Of twenty millions.
Production has diminished, and there is a glut
| OF every thing. Cottons accumulate for which
| there is no demand Woollens are languid. Iron
is piled up until the quantity unsold amounts to
hundreds Of thousands Of tons. The coal miners
as body. would have been ruined, but for freshet
that cut of from market many of the most produc-
tive mines, and 90 docs the "glut" make its way
through socicty, each step providing for new and
further ono. The closing Of furnace stops the
| demand for oottons, and the stoppage of the cot
| ton factory diminishes the demand for iron. The
late cotton operative is unable to purchaae woollon
cloth, and the woolen mill is closed. thereby de-
priving the woollen operative Of the power pur-
chase food or clothing. Bad as il is now, have
yet seen little more than the commencement of the
operation.
and cotton and woollcn cloths of lS47 with that OF
1S42, must arrive the conclusion that the actual
product Of labor and capital, as shown in the
difference between the value of the raw mate.
rial with that OF the manufactured articles, was
greater in the latter than in the previous year by
az least y III, ,00O, 600
lfnextwe add the amount of labor
applied to the creation Of the cotton
and woollen mills, the furnaces, the
rolling mills, the opening of the u.incs,
the erection of machinery, and the
building Of houses, &C., &c, required
for this enormous increase Of manu-
factures, we shall be safe in putting
II at......... 30,OOO,OO0
Making total of lS47 over 1872 S I5O. 900 900
IT, now, we make similar examination for 1850,
VIC can scarcely fail to arrive at the conclusion
that at least onethird this growth of manufacture
has been lost, say. S 50 900 ,00O
is no demand whatever for the erec,
ton OF mills or furnaces, or for the
| opening of rrinca, and that there is
here further diminution In the de-
Inand for labor, to the cxtent Of. $4,000 oOC
Making an actual diminution of 1850,
as compared with lal6, of no less
tnan &C, 600 600
II, next, we suppose that in the four years that
have elapsed since the tariff Of 1916 went into ope-
| ration, the growth would have been no more than
It was in the years from lS43 to lS47 during which
the nation was slowly recovering from the effects
OF the compromise tariff, we should have excess
OF at least. 1900. 600 600
Whereas the actual increase can
not be estimated at more than :. $4,000, 900
Making the diminished productive
ness OF labor. ................. 1920 900 ,O0O
in these few branches of employment; and il is a
very small calculation for il is the characteristic
OF increased production that each year prepares
/
diminished production, each successive year IL
marked by an increase in the ratio Of diminution,
gradually extending, as it is now doing, to every
department of industry.
Il will be said however, that labor has been more
productivity employed elsewhere. How far that
has been tile case, we shall see, when we come to
examine the productiveness Of agricultural labor.
| We need to find there n large increase to make
| amends for DEFICIENCIES elsewhere.
| The population Of the Union s greater at this
moment by more than three millions of persons,
ployed otherwise than in agriculture has greatly
diminished. One-third, at least, of the persons
employed in mining coal and ore, making and
rolling iron, and manufacturing cloth, lpu0t now
be either idle Or engaged in raioing food, and to
these must be now added the whole sum Of the ad
ditiop TO the population in the last three years,
making an addition TO the agricultural population
abors Sr Sy hs and
ry, more productivity employed than before, the
rofo Of iacrease should now be far greater than it
was under the tariff of lat2. What was that ratio
was shown in former chapter.
From lSto to lS47 il was about Torfy pcr cent.
notwithstanding the diversion of population to the
"unproftable' pursuits of opening mines, build
ing mills and furnaces, mining coal and ore, and
making cloth and iron. We are, therefore, fairly
entitled to nd for the last four years. an increase
OF fy per cent in the quantity OF agricultural
pie has applied Itself to agriculture. will be obvious
TO all thosc who mark the wonderful growth Of en-
igration from the old states. Maine is losing her
population rapidly. In many parts Of Vermont
there 10 an actual diminution, From New Eng
land generally emigration is large. So is it from
New York, New Jersey, Pcnnsylvania, and even
from Ohio, and thus is labor diverted from the
work Of producing food and cloth, and iron, to the
making Of new machines for future production, At
| thc South, emigration is enormous.
The increase of the coTToH growing population,
In the last tour Years, not have been less than
| fifteen per cent, ns, in addition to the natural in
crease, there has been continued stream of cmi-
grafton from all the southern States to those further
South aud West. Merely to keep pace with the
population tho crop should, therefore, have grown
fifteen per cent. How it has been, we may now
| see.
| The average crops of 1923 to
| 1886, ,were.................2 2, ,230. 900 bales
! That OF 1S41-'S TO lS5O-'l... 100000
| That of lS49-'50, was. 2O9G 900
| And the present is estimated at
only Observation-Disclosures. 100000
The last four years prior to the passage of the
ovlv Nc C,,,r x,hi