The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-08-01

miles; ais breadth varies from 70 10 " mics he
distance one can get from the is about Az miles
About two thirds OF The island are from 90 TO 81 miles IN
breadth, and It It's surface about 4ooD Eng
lsh square miles The part very mountainous
and OF the peaks from 1000 10 5000 ieet ABOVE
the level Of the The valleys in The eastern depart
ment are exceedingly picturesque and fruitful Cuba was
In 1919 Havana founded. The cultivation OF the
sugar introduced about 1880, and slaves began
TO be imported about four years after. When first dis
covered The island had Indian population OF about
100000 The greater par, soon perlshed under the hard
ships imposed by the Europeans Only few half breeds
remain in The eastern department In 1888 the eXporia.
ton OF sugar from Havana in year was comparatively
lnconsderabe The English took Havana IN 1862, and
gave II up again IN l76S IN exchange iof one POSSES
OF the British fell victims TO the poaao Many were also
poisoned assassinated by the Cubans.
The position OF the island is admirable, being within
few days sail OF the Atlantic ports OF the United States
and two and half days by steam from New Orleans
The soil generally fertile, producing The sugar cane ~
the highest perfection part OF the world Is more
favorable for It's growth, and indeed the climate and soil
admit OF the cultivation of all kinds OF tropical fruits
and productions which might be cultivated in quantity
reach ten times the present amount OF tweniy-iour
million comprising the surface OF the island only
two millions under cultivation, about three millions
being in natural pasturage, five hundred thousand IN
artificial pasurage. fourteen millions IN woodland ana
the rest, four and half millions, barren lands. IN
the western department about fourth OF the land is
barren, fourth woodland, and the remaining two
ouTihs equally devoted 10 cultivation and pasture
In the central department about nehird is barren land
and only thirty seventh part under cultivation,
about eleventh part in PASTURE and more than three
ffhs are woodland In the eastern department abou,
twelfth is under cultivation, about NTH IN pasture
two-thrds in woodland and only sixth barren.
Supposing the island to be divided into 72 parts, 10
would represent the OF the western department. 81
the central department. and 2S the eastern. OF the cult
waited land one half is in the western department. one
sixth in the CENTRAL and two-sxths in the eastern de-
partment. The principal agricultural productions are
the sugar cane Coffee molasses, honey, rum tobacco,
wax rice cocoa and cotton are also produced, with
many other MINOR articles.
i In 1sil, when the number OF sugar estates on the
lelnn nd pIpfaI IN nm yh IRA on
according the but ,70l persons, giving an
average OF l2 hands 10 each estate The expectation OF
sugar from all the ports OF the island amounted 10 about
$4,000 boxes, according 10 the usouhouse returns,
which would allow, upon an average, 6oo boxes 10 each
estate, boxes to each hand however, making allow
for the sugar not entered at the custom house, as
the article then paid export duty OF 81 per box, and
also taking into consideration that which was consumed
in the island the produce OF each esate upon an average
might be about 900 boxes 10 each hand nor does
this amount appear too great to allow, when the best
lands afford upwards OF 5000 pounds OF dry sugar TO the
acre In Louisiana, where The best lands produce about
5000 pounds the acre. the average produce OF each
hand is about 5,OO0 pounds
Besides the cultivation Of the sugar cane, large guam
titles OF coffee produced. However, this article is
not extensively cultivated as il was some ten years
since, when upwards of fifty millions pounds weight
was exported from different ports OF the island Last
year Qhe most favorable during the last few years)
showed but export OF thirty five million pounds OF
coffee. Brazil has been able TO iurns h this produc at
lower rate and consequently that OF Brazil has taken
the place OF Cuba coffee in the markets OF the United
States therefore sugar is not produced in many parts
where coffee cultivated or the hands have been
turned esaes IN the fertile regions IN the
neighborhood OF Cardenas. &c
The climate and soil OF Cuba in general not SO
favorable for the cultivation OF coffee as for the sugar
cane, tobacco, and other articles however. the east
district appears be well suited 10 the production OF
coffee, the crop there being certain, and the quality
) OF the bean infinitely superior. A hilly or rather
mountainous country seems to be the most favorable 10
the tree.
The celebrated Mocha coffee, which is Indigenous 10
Arabia and that part OF Africa the opposite side OF
Red sea- without Guilty. the rocky sides
Of the mountains.
After coffee tobacco is the next article OF consequence
produced There various kinds which derive then
different qualities from the pecuiarltes OF the soil IN
which they cultivated
The most esteemed is that which is produced in the
Vuea Abajo. about hundred miles west of Havana, IN
the jurisdiction of New FIlpina of this the finest Ha
BALE according the quality and the crop Some years
The crop very inferior, SO that it is impossible for a
manufacturer always TO supply the same quality Of cigars
The the tobacco OF the Vuea Abao that called
Partido," OF which is very good, and is used IN
making those cigars OF which astonishing bargains
very often obtained There is another tobacco grown in
the western department, in which the two classes men
toned grown IL has coarse ea and is called de
Vueta Arrba; also the tobacco grown in the eastern
department goes by that name, OF which there are Two
kinds the Santiago de Cuba tobacco and the Yara The
Yaa tobacco is sometimes fine, and OF this the best
Principe cigars made Many persons have sown the
Vuelta Abalo seed in the States but never have they
been able to tobacco from in any respect similar
in flavor to the original kind The soil gives the flavor
and lis cultivation cannot be extended even in Cuba.
The other articles of consequence produced are, wax
honey, and rice. The two first of thee articles
ported in very large quantities the aforementioned ar
Gle produced 10 the amount OF 10000 uerces, or about
"a million OF pounds, but is insufficient for the consump
ZION Of the island, that large quantities OF rice in
ported from Charleston Savan nah Spain, South Amen-
ca, and attery from Manila however, that from
Chareslon esteemed and from that place the lar
gest quantity imported Wax produced 10 the amount
OF about 500 pounds and honey the amount OF two
million gallons Cotton is tle cultivated $50 bales
being about The amount produced.
The other vegetable articles are, all kinds OF tropical
fruits sweet potatoes yams, arrow root cocoa Indian
corn, castor OIL and different kinds OF woods, such as
cedar mahogany, lancewood and other hard woods used
by turner's, &c.
Cattle 10 the number OF about 900 900 head are owned
in the island and there about 200 900 horses, so 900
mules and large numbers of smaller animals.
The annual product of the vegetable and animal
ton, moderate calculation, be set down at about
SIS 900, 900.
In minerals the island is very rich of copper mines,
no less than ia have been discovered in the island
81 in the eastern department, is IN the central, and
IS in the western. The mine at Coore, worked by
an English company, has shipped from $4,000 10 40 900
tons per annum, valued at two and half to four and
half millions of dollars. The other departments have
not yet shipped than about 1000 tons per
Coal, iron, silver, and amanhus have been discovered
The of the island, according TO MIR t. w.
Wilson. from whose valuable work upon Cuba we have
compiled most OF the foregoing, is about S12,o0000o
The population about 100000. But our limits are ex
hausted.
Maps just finished and ready
Il for distribution.
or % Env.Ia