davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-03-06
The Public Domain.

Free land, free water, and free air, for
all natural sovereigns created by the Al
mighty, is orr doctrine. Soil for every man
who is willing to work, to live upon, free
nf cost and free ofexecuiions. We like the
following amendment offered by Mr.. Brown
Of Mississippi, 10 land bill now before
Congress. The amendment provides, on
certain conditions
"'rhat from aud nfter The passage Of this
arr. the rights ut pre- e'nptnrs shall he per-
petus'ed that Is TO say, persons acquiring
he right OF pre-empiiop shall retain the
same without disturbance, ap,i without pay
r,,ent OF any kind To the United States"
Then we ure in favor of homestead cx-
lemption, an exemption of real estnte, which
the owner cannot he robbed of.
The homestead of every man is
a holy thing which no law or
monopoly should be able to wrest
from lie family. Give the father his
home, in fact ant secure it, and he will
feel that he has position, staten, char
acter and rights worthy to defend. He
IS permanent ihhabitant Of the State,
and he is heart and soul devoted to the
interest Of the State, for her interests
are his interests. But let the wealthy
capitalist be able to monopolize the soil,
and seize almost at will upon the poor
mans homestead. and we shall have a
moneyed aristocracy to lord it over the
people as cruelty as ever the English
aristocracy made laborers and depend
ents by the law ofeDtail; the only ultiT ate
source Of safety the masses possess
against the sure encroachment of capi-
tai upon labor, is to be found in the ex-
emption of the homestead, and the
guarantee Of the right to labor, by laws
founded on the natural rights Of man to
live. sf.....s
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-03-06

DR.. J. C. Aver, proprietor of Ayers
Cherry Pectoral," has just been elect
ed Mayor of Lowell, Mass. Ifhe makes
as good Mayor as he does medicine,
the municipal affairs Of Lowell will be
kept in a very heathfu condition during
his term of ofiice.-.2ibany Kaicker-
booker. ..t
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-03-06
WASHINGTON, Jan. q.


q The Liberian Republic is 10 BE- ,rcog-
,,ized as an Independent Gore,mment.-
The Intelligencer Of this morning says
that delegation from the American
Colonization Society waited upon the
Hon. Daniel Webster, and urged him
to recognize the Republic Of Liberia.
Mr.. Webster addressed the delegation
at some length in favor of their PROPOSE
ton, and referred the committee to
President Fillmore, who spoke encour-
agingly Of the proposition.
! A Washington correspondent Of the
N. Y. Tribune says that Hon. |. E.
Holiness the Representative of the
Charleston District in Congress, is to be
the editor Of the paper about to be es-
tablished to advocate the election OF
Gen. Scott to the Presidency.
A BIG FEE.-The Second Munich
pality of New Orleans, have voted So,
500 as retaining fee to. Daniel Web
ster, to secure his services in mhintain-
ing the right Of the city to the estate Of
the late Mr.. McDonough.
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-03-06

.Hlltcdu6ee, Ufeen bay and FOnd dU
Lac Railroad Compamy.--The bill to in
corporate the above company, introdu-
ced in the Senate by Mr.. Eastman, has
passed both branches of the Legislature
A READY LAwYER.--A ready lawyer
who was sometimes forgetful, having
been engaged to plead the cause of an
offender, began by saying:
81 know the prisoner at the bar, and
he bears the character Of being most
consummate and impudent scoundrel"
Here somebody whispered to him that
the prisoner was his client, when he i'm
mediately continued
"But what great and good man ever
lived, who was not illuminated by many
of his cotemporaries'
WILMINGroN, n. c., Feb. 3.
Steamboat Foundered. steamer
America, from Philadelphia, bound for
Mobile, foundered at sea on the 29tn ult.
during a severe gale. The schooner
Champion, Of Boston, picked up one OF
the boats, containing six men. The 9TH
err boats have not been heard from, but
it was the impression that they were sa-
yed. The America was sea boat,
built at Philadelphia. and sold to COM
pany at Mobile. ssa -. 44
An Irish woman who had kept little
grocery, was brought to her death bed,
and was on the point Of breathing her
last, when she called her husband to her
bedside: pa
Jamie" she family said, "there'
Missus Mullony-she owes me six shil-
lings."
| "Och - exclaimed her husband.
'Biddy darlint, ye're sinsible to the
last 90 st,an.iaf
''Yis dear--and there's Missus Nc
Craw, owe her dollar. - 1859
"Och be jabers, and ye're as fool
ish as ever - IA. -
accident and Death IN Dra,cing ur
,roter. A son Of Mr.. 4. N. DeIauny, Of
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-03-06

Frozen TO DEArH-Efeeis Of Liquor.
Mr.. Thomas Hutchinson was frozen to
death yesterday, the Goth, about six
miles east from this town. He left a
grocery in the afternoon somewhat in
toxicated, taking with him jug of IL
quor for the purpose of keeping off the
cold" and was found dead by the side
of the road before night Mineral Point
Trib. Both ut.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

Equator to the Poles At Annapolis, the circle is
described in little over 80 hours. In South Lati-
tude, this order would be exactly reversed show
ing that the change is liable to variation, only in
an Oblique Sphere. 1t is to be remarked, that the
wire of the Pendulum being perpendicular to the
surface, if produced, would not pass through the
Earth's centre, except in Right sphere and a
Parallel sphere and were it needfuI, the result
Of this variation might be calculated The clip
tical notion so often observed in the weight, has
been ascribed to the resistance of the air but, if
this were all, the effect would not be uniform j;
whereas, in the College Hall, the Pendulum al
ways takes the curve in one direction, when it is
set Oft, III the plane of the Meridian 1t is evident
y due to local attraction, whose inequalities, how
ever small. are adequate to produce this result at
ter many oscillations. The large Pendulum WEIGHS
So pounds; and is suspended at distance from the
centre Of the Hall and exhibits the elliptcal mo-
ton, much more distinctly than the one of %
pounds; nor does the latter show the same devia-
tlon except when the path is oblique to the walls.
This piece of apparatus will be kept to be shown
in the course on astronomy but any other Practl-
cal use of the discovery, is not probable. Both
Latitude and Longitude could be derived by this
means approximately but, one who had other
means would not resort to this. To suspend Clock
Pendulum with sufficient delicacy, to avoid the
objection against the common mode, would be too
expensive. The apparatus will not be taken down
till next week, and visitors may examine it at any
time to-day
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

The MURDERERs SENTENCED The three
men recently convicted of the murder Of the
Cosden family, William Shelton, Abraham
Taylor and Nicholas Murphy, were SEN
fenced 10 death by Judge Chambers, q.
Chestersown, on Tuesday week
The doomed are all married men, and
Two of them have children The law
makes provisions for an indulgence, at the
discretion of the Executive, Of not less than
twenty days after the sentence. They
were sentenced in the presence of crowd
of auditors, and i. is said, ':of all present,
were mos! unmored." They all declare
themselves innocent.
II appeared on the trial that Shelton was
the only one who entered the house; ,ha,
on going into it he shot Miss Amanda Cos
den, and stabbed her twice that he stabbed
and stamped on Cosden, who had been pre-
tiously sho, down by Taylor, who had fred
a. him through the window F; tina. he (Shel-
tony then proceeded up stairs where Miss
Webster was sick in bed, asked her where
The money was, in low voice, and being
directed by her 10 a trunk, took it out of
The room, and after searching it, returned,
drew down the bed clothes with which she
had covered her head, and in the mids, of
her supplicalions to him to spare her life,
deliberately placed the muzzle of his gun
at her side and sho, her. J. appeared that
Murphy sho, Mrs Cosden when she fled to
The yard. On seeing Taylor fire into the
window and Shelton break through the door,
Stephen Shaw, the party who turned States
evidence, became alarmed and ran from the
house, and after getting about $50 yards
from it, fell overpowered by fright and weak
ness. He was Immediately followed by The
other three, who thinking horsemen were
approaching, also made off Shaw was
drawn into the matter by Tay Tor, and though
present took no part in the murders.
The planners Of the diaboical affair, it
appeared, were Taylor and Shelton, both of
whom had pressed Thomas Drummond,
one Of the witnesses, to join them in pund.
ering and robbing, and named Mr.. Cosden
and Mr.. Griffith IS men who had money.
To induce him TO unite with Them, they
told him Mr.. Price had paid Cosden some
money, and that he had made some byfarm-
ing and tina! c. must have from 500 to $500
in his house.
Murphy attended the funeral of Cosden
and family, the Sunday following the muir
ders!
Shaw's testimony was direct, and that OF
the other witnesses cifcumslanlial but
strongly corroborative.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
BALTIMORE MARKET,

"a JUNE %, 1851.
10 .-Wheat-The receipts of the week
have been small. Sales of Md. and Va reds,
good to prime, have ranged from 80 to IS cents,
and We quote these rates to-day.
Corn.-On Wednesday sales of white at Casa
cts, and of yellow at 60 cts. To-day sales of
white at 62a63 cts, and of yellow at 60 cts, with
| an occasional sale at 81 cts.
Oats.-We quote the range Of prices at 35a3s
cents.
ToBAcco.-The price Of Maryland Tobacco has
slightly improved this week. in consequence ofthe
long continuance of dry weather and unpromisug
appearance of the new crop. Much of the stock
from market at present, while the balance is held
at higher rates. In this state Of things, with no
encouragement from the European markets, ship
pers decline to purchase except to fill orders, or
to complete the cargoes of the vessels loading or
expected. The Sales of Maryland Tobacco a.
mount to about $50 hhds. within the range of quo
tations which we correct to conform to actual
transactions, viz:
Inferior Maryland S4a4 so common S5a6
good common S6a7; brown S7a8; and fine
| brown So TO-
| Upper county Tobacco sells as fast as received.
The receipts this week have not included any of
the finest sorts, but the sales, quality considered,
are fully as high as at any time this year. The
range of the market may be quoted thus
Tails or tips, inferior to good, at 81. 50a650
seconds S6a10; red S5a15; and fine yellow SIC
a22 We note sales of about 400 hhds.
The inspections Of the week comprise SAP hhds
Maryland, 666 hhds. Ohio-total 1908 hhds.
The total inspections this year arc 1886 hhds
against 10, 1888, hhds. TO the same period last year
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
From the Maryland Republican
THE EARTH'S ROTATION.

Three Pendulums were shown last Saturday, in
the Hall of St. john s, vibrating respectively 49,
rs and ~ times, in one minute. The first moved
over divided circle, with steady and unbiased
arc OF oscillation, of three feet 1t was set off in
the plane of the Magnetic Meridian and the lines
traced oy the Pointer, showed change of whole
degree on the graduated arc, in about seven min
utes aftordlng beautiful view of the Earth s
Motion The elapsed time, between any two inter
yaIs' was mus observed, with nearly the accuracy
of SUI. Dial. The shortest Pendulum was ar.
ranged, to shift the point of suspension from West
to East; and satisfied every one, that this change
artificial globe aided the visitor to CONTEMPLATE the
phases of the experiment, at different places on
the earth. At either Pole, the Pendulum would
traverse the whole circle in twenty-four sideral
hours. At the Equator, beginning in the plane OF
the meridian, would continue to describe the
line across the circle being always in RIB,
Sphere. In North Latitude, the Pendulum would
describe lines crossing the first and falling to the
West at the South end, and to the East, at the
North end and with rates increasing from the
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
NOT ICE.

THE attention of the public is called to ore OF
Il the best Horse Mills in the State of Maryland.
This Mill is built upon the tramp system, attached
at considerable expense, to my Water Mill, and
both blended, make by far the best GRIST MILL
in Charles County.
All persons, therefore, who may find it to their
interest to patronze it, can, at all times, be &C
commodated, about one mile east CT Bryautown.
where it is daily running.
A frst-rate One-Horse ROCKAWAY CAR
RAGE with four seats, FOR SALE-I have
recently come in possession of above noticed
Carriage and Gear, which would be sold for $50
or $40 less than could be bought elsewhere. Said
Carriage shows to be new, and is as sound and
good as when bought Can be seen at any time
at my residence near Bryantown, and would be
sold (if immediate payment in money be not con-
venient) for note with approved security.
ALFRED w. GARDINER.
July 2, 1851
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
DISSOLUTION OF CO.PART-.
NERSHIP

THE Firm of E. w. DAY & Co., has been this
l. day dissolved by mutual consent. The busi-
ness hereafter will be conducted under the name
and style ofDAY & PADGETT. AL persons in
debted to the late Firm of E. w. Day & Go, are re-
specially requested to come forward and settle
their Indebtedness. We feel truly thankful for the
liberal patronage bestowed upon the late firm, and
hope, by strict attention to business that the new
finn will meet with the same degree of patronage.
We take occasion here to say to all who are dis
posed to deal with u.s. that we will sell our goods
as low for cash. or to punctua customers credit
OF months, as the same description of goods can
be purchased in this any other market.
E.. w DAY,
J. 7. PADGETT.
Port Tobacco, July LIST, 1851.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
FOOD FOR MICH COWS.

1t is scarcely possible td.feed the COW too high
while she is in mich. Her food should be always
of the richest and most stimulating kind, and sup
piled with generous iberalty and proper seasons
Many persons who keep cows miss the figure pro-
dgiousy in restricting their mich to too poor
and innutritious food. Often indeed, it is the
that we find cows turned into pastures with heif-
ers, steers, sheep, horses and oxen, with fur
ther provision than is allowed to the other ami
mails Cows treated in this niggardly and pars-
monious manner, cannot reasonably be expected
TO be very profitable they may afford milk for
family uses, and perhaps small surplus, but this
is not attaining the object for which cows should
be made source of profit, and they will be if pro-
per attention is exercised in managing and feeding
them.
1t is SAID that at large mich establishment,
near Newcastle, England, the cows are fed in the
following manner, VIZ 81 pounds of clover hay,
cut or chopped: 16S lbs. brewers grains II lbs
ground flax seed lbs. of salt. These ingredients
are mixed together and equally divided the dali
~ food of twelve cows. The hay after being cut
is put into the mash tub and scalded with boiling
water. The articles are then mixed with it. 1t
is asserted that the average YIELD per day, of good
COWS, fed in this manner and carefully MIXED, is
fourteen quarts for the period of eight months in
succession. VIM. Arundale, the owner Of the es-
Enlistment, asserts that he once had COW which
had not born calf for two years and half, and
that she averaged eight quarts of milk per day
Fed in this manner, COWS never fall off in condi-
ton they are healthy, always in good Spirits and
afford the best and richest milk
In seasons when there is scarcity Of feed in the
pastures it is en- excellent plan to supply the de-
hciency by green fodder, such as corn, buckwheat,
or, indeed, any nutrative matter of which the ami
mails will partake. Failing to command these,
grains ground into meal and mixed with warm
water should be given. Roots and pumpkins pro-
mote lactescent secretion, and are conducive to
health in an eminent degree. In the fall sweet
apples, or apples of any kind, may be proftably
fed to the cow. Their effects are very similar up
on the secretary system to those produced by roots,
and green succular fodder generally.
Every farmer who keeps cows should sow patch
OF corn to cut and feed to them green. 1t is the
cheapest method one can adopt, to supply the de-
ficiency occasoned by short pastures, and as this
crop never fails to produce stalks, it is of the
surest and most infable resources possible against
the time of need The expense is mere trifle,
cultivation is required Sowing the grain
and cutting it, the only duties involved in this
enterprise. Olive Branch
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

PRINCE GEoRGE's CouNTY.-1n this
county, VIM. H. Tuck is named for Judge
of the Cour, Of Appeals; John B. Broke for
Circuit Judge Thomas F. somerveIl and
Thomas Martin for County Clerk; VIM. A.
Jsrboe, Arundel Smith, Jas. I. Chew, VIM
J. Belt and Benedict Edelin, for Register of
Wills; and Thomas Baden, Thomas j.
Marshall, L. H. Chew and S. Peach for
Judges Of The Orphans Court.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
OBITUARY.

Died, on Wednesday the 25th ultimo, in her
25th year, ELIZABETH A., consort of WASH
INcToN A. PosEY, at Clifton, after continued i'll
health of nearly two years, of acute and unceas
ing illness of nine weeks, borne with the utmost
patience, her soul has winged its flight to another
world
Thus has the holy will of Providence taken from
this earth one whose christian merits world could
not appreciate. Such was her course of life, that
she had gained for herself higher station than
this world Of sorrows could afford, and her heaven
ly Father removed her from a tenement of clay to
perpetuity of merited fruition. At an early age
the deceased was called to offciate in the capaci-
ty of mother and sister, the performance of which
duty an admiring community attests. From this
her charms soon advanced her to a nobler station.
that of wife and mother, the responsibilities of
which only added new field for her to practice
the PROJECTIONS which this world Of temptation was
calculated to bestow upon her. She died as she
had lived, true Christian, and for a bereaved
husband and child, and numerous circle of dis
tressed relations and friends, do we sympathize;
but ask them to be consoled with confiding be-
lief that
From a world of miseries, to realms above,
She has gone to enjoy the God of Love.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

ANNE ARUNDEL CoUNTy.-In the Anna
polls Republican, Judge Nicholas Brewer
is recommended for Judge of The Cd Judi.
cial Circuit The Hon. Richard J. Bowie for
Judge of the Cour! OF Appeals; VIM. Tell
Claude, VIM. O'Hsrs, N. B. Worlhington
and Dr.. Mareen NJ. Duvall for County Clerk;
Joseph Nicholson for Register of Wills;
and James S. franklin Cor States Attorney
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
CITY HOTEL.
LAND FOR SALE.

THE undersigned will sell at public auction, at
L the Court House in Port Tobacco, on TUES
DAY the 22d day of JULY next, tract Of Land
called s'Marshalls Land and commonly known
by the name Of
CHERRT-HILL.
This land is situate on the Wicomco river, and IL
believed to contain 25s ACRES, exclusive Of some
marsh land adjacent nearly adjacent thereto
The sale will be made subject to an annuity ofone
hundred dollars payable every year on the 3lst ct
December.
For further particulars touching the title TO be
sold all persons feeling interest in the matter are
referred to deed of JOHN JOHNSON, Trustee under
Il decree of the High Court Of Chancery, to ANN d.
IRWIN and RICHARD NJ. ScoTT, recorded 4th April.
1912, among the Land Records of Charles county
1t is presumed that any one wishing to purchase
will view the premises before the day OF sale.
The purchaser will be required to pay one third
of the purchase money on the day OF sale, and the
residue in equal nstalments Of one and two years.
bearing interest from the first of January, 1851 So
cured by bond with such security as the underslgn'
ed shall approve. When the whole purchase mo-
ney shall be paid, the undersigned will execute
good and sufiicien, deed to the purchaser.
JAMES IRWIN and ANN D. IRWIN, his wife, and
RICHARD NJ. ScoTT, by
GEORGE w. MATTHEW'S,
their Agent and Attorney
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02
COUNTY CLERK.
To the Voters # Charles Countu

To the Poters If Charles County:
Fellow CIrIzEa,s The organic law of your
State being changed by the adoption of the new
Constitution. under the provisions Of which rights
and privileges are secured to you, which were
withheld in the old-among them, the right to say
directly through the medium OF the ballot box.
who shall be your Judge Clerk, Register of Wills,
and other officers, /, IN common with others have
determined to present myself to your consideration
as a candidate for the Clerkship Of your County
Court. Your humble servant
June %, 1851. JOHN II. DIGGES
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

sL5eAta meeting of the Port Tobacco Literary
Debating Club, on Saturday last, the following
question, to wit 'sWas Mary of Scotland acces-
sorry to the death of Lord Darnley," after being
debated by Messrs. BARNES. GRAIN and DIcGE.
was postponed for further debate until Thursday
evening next.
An Grafton, as before announced, will be deliv-
cred on the Fourth of July next, by THos. STONE
Esq, and the Declaration of Independence read
by GEORGE DIGGER. Esq
The following gentlemen were appointed Com
mittee Of Arrangements Messrs. JAMES McCoR.
MICK, VIM. B. SHACKELFoRD and l.. V. OLIVER.
The public are respectfully invited to attend the
celebration of the Anniversary of our National In.
dependence at the Court House, on Friday the
4th Of July next. BY order of the Club,
July 2, 1851. l.. V. OLIVER, Sec'y
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

The anniversary of our National lndepen-
dence will be observed in Washington, by
grand display of The military Of tho Dis,ric,
Of Columbia, and by those from other States
who may accept the invitation 10 be present,
to witness the laying Of the corner stone Of
he new Capitol, and to listen to the oraion
Of the Hon Daniel Webster.
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

CoNGREssIoNALN oMINATIoN.-The De-
mocrstc Congressional Nominating Con-
ven,ion me, on Monday week, and on the
first ballot ION mated VIM PINKNEY WHITE,
ESQ.,, as their candidate for Congress for the
Fourth Congressional District, composed
of the frs, fifteen wards of the city Of Bal
timoYe
Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1851-07-02

THE WHEAT CRoP OF THE COUNTRY
From all The wheat-growing States there are
most favorable reports Of the prospects for
the coming harvest. In Pennsylvania, New
York, Ohio, indiana, Michigan, Illinois,
Wisconsin and Iowa, as we'll as IN some of
the more southerly States, there are indics-
lions Of a crop rather above the average,
and the quality Of The grain bids fair to be
SUPERIOR Sun.