davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31
M. FOUCAULTS DEMONSTRATION OF THE
EARTH'S MOTION.

MEssRs. EDIToRs The Newark Advertisers explanation
Of the pendulum experiment Of M FoUcAuLT at Paris,
published in the Intelgencer of this morning. based the
assumption that a understand that at the north pole, if
pendulum be made to vbrate east and west, will continue
the vibration in that direction, while the globe will turn round
and thus the daily rotation of the earth will be plainly
shown"
With such an understanding the explanation may be per-
cty clear and the phenomenon easily comprehended but
for perceive any philosophical for the
understanding asserted to be general and being sincerely
DESTROYS be enlightened in reference to this experiment.
would be glad of your many competent readers
he learned DAnBr, for insance) would afford expana-
ton to such adopt the understanding upon which
the explanation of the Newark Advertiser is based
not adopt it. because conceive that the motion Of the
earth the poles is not great relatively, it is at the
equator any intermediate point the earths surface
have bestowed thought upon the demonstration Of
M Foucault and cannot understand it without assuming
two things, which know Of no authority for.
Mr. Foucaults explanation does not authorize assump
ton that the point Of suspension Of bis pendulum
able on vertical axis and have published the details
Of an experiment. said to have been satisfactory, in which il
was clearly shown that the point Of suspension
able in this way. In this latter experiment file, with
end bent right angle and ground edge driven
from hardened metal ring resting upon the edge of the benz
file. With this arrangement the plane in which the pendu
um vbraed could not revove around the point Of suspension
state this much in order to reach my second difficulty.
have heard II suggested in reference TO NJ Foucauf
experiment. that the plane in which pendulum vibates
is continually changing its direction with reference TO the
eah and that this change Of direction due to tie fact that
the plane Of vibration sunormy towards point beyond the
earhs influence, Or in other words that if pendulum be
in motion noon, in due north and south direction
any meridian he being fixed and beyond the eah in
fuence and due south, pane Of vibration would
be continually in the direction Of the and that if the
motion be supposed to continue for six hours the plane Of
motion would the end Of that time, be parallel the equa-
tor instead Of right angle with it as when first propelled
Now, if this suggestion be elfounded, and the psndu
um be suspended from point movable vertical axis,
think M Foucaus demonstration easily understood II
it ID welfounded and the pendulum does not turn
vertical axis understand it. There are, doubtless
other difficulties in the minds Of many of your readers and
If some one Of the better informed will explain the diff
cuies referred TO- or afford clear explanation Of the result
which suppose it is not be doubted NJ Foucaut has OBJ
ained he will Idoubt not crafty many Of your subscribers,
as well your obedent servant
WAsHISeroN, MAY "a, 1851. INQUIRER
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31
TO THE EDITORS.

New YoRK, MAI "a, 1851.
The country appears prosperous but all not gold that
gisens and, whilst many imagine themselves rich, they
may be the verge Of ruin Vide 1887 in which year,
according to history there regular earthquake, yet
rumbngs that did sound like it. commercially and financially
speaking The cost immense but the past Is past
life too short to dwell upon the past should look to the
future, and hope for the best.
The discovery gold mines ia California was indeed, god
send to people, and the results may be set down
benefacon. It 10 true that the famine in Europe, coming
upon the heels Of the tariff Of 1885, most opporune, and
did much good but what would have been condition
We had not received large amount of he dust from
California You, who have long watched events, pol-
cal, commercial and financial will doubtless concur with
practical that Providence has bestowed blessings upon
with lavish hand. The refur of gold to Europe has
been for some time past large scale and in view Of the
continued large imports far beyond exports, what could
have prevented grave trouble all but for the aforesaid
gold mine discovery in California Whilst the tariff of 1916
stands, the gold coined the Philadelphia mint will be
ported in large quantities. especially the Bank Of England
has promulgated It's entire willingness receive it. Yes.
is true that since we manufactured tariff accommodate
British interests the Bank Of England adverses that will
receive our gold and doubt will be very willing receive
cotton too. at figure that will give the spnne Of Man
chester good profit tits plain enough that ultimately the gold
mines Of Caorna will pay tribute to the capitalists Of Europe
and the way in which they graspng now caution
Notong since the National that
month the imports Of the city Of New York Zone city this
great contnen exceeded the exports by FIVE millions Of dol
lars and whilst the present rate of duties stands this over
trading continue WELL we 20 on to import so large
say fifty millions per more than we e1por,-whst
will be ths result Why, il the California mines continue
prolific, we may possibly be able to pay the foreign balance
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31
THE LocUsTs.

WAsHIssros, Mar 81, 1851.
Mrssns EDIToRs Permit me to inrude (f intrusion It
s) few remarks about these little songsters now filing the
woodlands with their lively chiup II is thought
by many they the species Of locust which plagued
Egypt described in Exodus chapter 10th, IL to 49,
"And Moses stretched forth bis rod over the land Of
Egypt and the Lord Brought east wind upon the land all
that day. and all that night and when morning, the
east wind brought the ocus And the ocusts up
all the coast Of Egypt For they covered the face Of the
whole earth, 80 that the land was darkened."
will be perceived that the wind herein mentioned
blew from over the Red Syria and Persia where these
ocusts must have been produced great numbers These
were the Arydeum migraiorun Of Liuneus, and which
exist to this day in Asia and Arabia This insect is very
different from little harmless songster they have bu.
ncsor which voracious destroying every piece
Of grass herb within the line Of their migration swim
ming rivers passing houses hills, and mountains when
in the cricket state their heads resemble horses,
their breasts and bodies like scorpions How different
little friend, the Ceada, known well to the ancens
to native Of Italy, Greece and France. It Is the
Cicada SO beautifully addressed Ly Anacreon
Thou art the friend Of husbandmen, since harmless are
thy ways,
By moras held 10 reverence seer of summer days;
The muses. love thee dearly, to Ph9bus art thou dear,
Who with that voice hath gifted thee, musical and clears
Song skilled, earth born, song loving one, old age ,hee
no load
fiesnless oio0dless, passonless thou art almost god
great variety Of opinions to prevail regarding the
musical accomplishments Of these celebrated insects Virgil
the Italian Ccada Of bursting the very shrubs with
their noise M
g Et cantu querulea rumpen arbusta Ccadea."
Dr. Shaw in his travels, calls it mperinent insect"
and Mr. Eaton gives the following translation Of Meeagers
invocation
go, shril voiced insect, that with dewdrops sweet,
Inebriate dost in desert woodlands sing
Perched in the spring top. with indented feet,
Thy dusky bodys echoiDg harp-ke ring;
Come, dear Cicada chirp 10 all the grove,
The Nymphs and Pan, responsive strain,
That !, In MONDAY sleep, may steal from love-
Reclned beneath the dark o'erspreading plane !"
Any who feels disposed at once by examine
on that woodland songser is harmless has pro-
boscis but cutting teeth. II is said the males are only
musicals Xenachus states they particularly happy in
| ing silent ,Uires;
Happy the Ccada lives,
Since they all have voceless wives"
will conclude by stating that the substance used in med
cine called exudaton from certain species Of
ash, caused by the puncture Of the Cicada
w. D. PORTER.
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31
THE ROTARY MOTION OF THE EARTH.

Mxssns EpIroRs There seems to be difficulty in the
way Of the public mind becoming satisfied about the truth Of
the Of the rotary motion Of the earth by the
vibration of the pendulum There facts that be ad
mted as such before the truth be comprehended But
win first try and show the practical operation Of the thing.
Suppose for example, iron rod through the centre
Of the earth and extended beyond the surface Of the earth
To the end Of this rod will asten pendulum which we
will make move from west Now here the point Of
suspension is 61ed and every vibration Of the pendulum
must cut any circle whether the circumference Of the earth
or any smaller circle, different point Every one will
perceive this.
Next let us imagine plane at the northern part Of the
earth like ball cut which will present the appearance Of
the end Of barrel We will suspend our pendulum in
the centre, where the point Of suspension is stationary but
let us FIX upon any point between the centre and crcumer
euce We again set pendulum in motion from east to
west Here point of suspension moves il the earth
turns understand that although the pendulum cuts DIFF
ferent imaginary line every vibration and although il goes in
ziszag course because Il has two notions yet if the
earth were to step every Eve minutes the vibrations Of the
pendulum such periods would always be parallel to each
other If such the case, then it Is clear that the pendu
um would the circumference Of the earth at different
point at every vibration. Let those who do not see take
the head of barrel move IL upon pivot with pendulum
attached and they will at perceive and understand it,
Lastly, let us suspend pendulum at the tropc of
GER Let the vibration Of our pendulum be hundred
miles so that il would pass fifty miles east and fifty miles
west the point of suspension Now when the pendulum
is moving from west to east faster than the EARTH
else would get east Of the point Of suspension The
tropic know is circle, and cuts imaginary circle in
space the earth turns round Now at the moment the
pendulum at the extreme point Of the point of suspen
sou let determine whether i, would follow the Of
the opc, take another in going east. We know
would go another direction, because the ropic circle
around the centre Of the earth, and pendulum describ
ing part Of circle with the point of suspension its
centre. Now would this pendulum, mot moving the same
distance and moving at different velocity, cut The cireum
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

but there should be ga giving out Of gold in that quarter
we must be cornered" And here should be remembered
that the gold mines Of the aforesaid California have held
better than all their predecessors according history y and
they do not shut up within year from this 24th May
isoi the world will be sstonshed. For sake may the
mines OF California continue to throw dust upon u.s. in order
mat we may Be able to qudate the foreign debt that
rapidly increasing against us.
These imprompu remarks have bearing on Southern
interests to which, Southern man. il NAV not be n bad
taste to make alluson.
Cotton, though Il be only third fourth rate article AZ To
value, has do with the busn 8. Of the world and the
regulation of m currency than all other products Of The earth
combined Cotton within the last few months has
per cent, and yet may decline further and the reason
of the depression 10 plain enough All know that demand
and supply regulate prces that H. the demand be great
prices will be high, but the demand be small prices must
inevitably be low. The tariff of 1916 Northern
but Southern measure, and the South reaping the
fruits oft The manufacture of cotton in this country has
materially decreased and the returns Of September will
prove it. This Of the late great cline
ton hee may be another affecting seriously the plant
ing tates but We the Souhene shoulder the blame.
No one in these enlightened times avors high tsr blu,
moderately protective rate Of duties would contribute
wealth the cotton planters of the South than the msnufac
turer of the North and the they look this the bet
As to the safety Of the Union, sensible do not give
thought Since the death of George Washington, o
Mount Vernon, the Union safe, and ONE
about it, Even South Carolina will upon reflection, come
to wise conclusions and shall ell jog together So mote
be "alIs well that ends WE'LL" As Shakespeare says
| n
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

belongs to no division Of time and simply denotes action
perfect, that IL completed at the time-B1fer. B. gives
no definition Of this Palticple; simply saying, it has
active sgnfcstion in the active voice. passive Specification
in the passive voice." Having before us the definition Of the
present. and Of the compound compound perfect psricpe
let examine what b. calls example Of the present pas
siss particle "The arrangements being made he Is now
ready proceed Here the arrangements are n pro-
gess, but completed b. properly remarks and Of
all idea Of time present is excluded BIS definition to the
contrary Notwithstanding II would be as correct say
that the arrangements haze been completed is in the present
tense that this is the present pscpe In the example,
the pacPe denotes time past and that before be Is ready
proceed" Let Us vary the expression little supplying
the elpss. The arrangements haping been completed,
be now ready proceed In the active form, having
completed bis arrangements be now ready to proceed
Is there any difference in the idea conveyed by the three
forms Of expression think not But let us try real az
ample Of the present passive pacp, Being much oped
she is vain" II this not present passive psrcps what
isiti il is, where is the idea Of an act completed?
Harrison says, These phrases not only foreign to our
Language, but under certain notifications difficult to deal
with" Let US take such phrase the following He
,gH find his arrival that the house will be being built
when be arrived, he found inquiry that when the
accident happened the house had been bng bull" Are
we to say know the house to be being built instead Of 81
know the house to be building" II Mr.. Harrison hsd
bean Indian would have allowed him to 6gh under
but be purpots TO be Engishmsn, expect
him fight fairly in open ground and raise such dust
that he cannot be seen ALSO to show his English blood by
using the English language. Who knew an English
man make such reckless Of swords and phrases which
10 point Of time relate to each other" is be found in
the first two examples There surely difficulty in say
ing He will find on bis arrival the house being 5uiA
being bull" or "when the accident happened the house
was being built" 81 know the house is being built"
It 10 proper that all phrases about which difference Of opn-
ion exists should be examined by competent authority and
decided their merits The form Of expression being bulk
is now on trial. and should like il to be fairly heard and
received condemned, may be most consistent with the
diom Of our language. L.
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

ference Of the earth at different point at every vibration
II il does not cut the circumference of the earth at the
point would cut smaller circle at the same point II
pendulum hundred miles long would not cut small
circle the point every time il vibrated, would PEN
dulum ten yards long do III
Now, il pendulum will always vibrate 10 direction
parallel its first vibration and the earth does have rotary
notion think the foregoing will convince persons thst the
pendulum will show that rotary motion. To prove that the
pendulum does vbras parallel to its first motion, take one
in your hand with steadily any direction, turn
around and you will perceive that il always goes parallel to
it's first vibration Then, if pendulum suspended from
point that always bears the same relative position to other
points of the earth, and found small Circle fixed
under it different point every vibration, the fact
only be accounted for BY saying that the earth has rotary
motion. We have been told that the pendulum will vary
from given point of the compass believe the pendulum
does vbrate parallel TO its first vibration also believe the
earth does turn round and believe the pendulum shows
that rotary motion Of the earth.
do contend that am absolutely right, but believe
it. When our learned men settle this point will be settled
with me, not before
One thing will say that have not noticed in any paper
If ct the poles the rotary motion of the earth shown by the
pendulum and at oil intermediate points between the poles
and the equator and not at the equator, persons sup
pos then the pendulum shows only the rotary motion Of
the earth, but that il is round from north to south.
have not written these lines for the purpose Of appearing
in your paper, great honor s desired sug-
ges that il would crafty many persons Professor HEsRr
would explain the whole thing. my own part can say
that would rely upon him than upon any other man
know, If he should contradict every thing have
said p
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

Nett proceeds, cash. 9th July. 80, 55S ID
These expenses the reader will observe, incurred
from the wharf Of the American seaport to and through tho
hands Of the Liverpool merchant They only about
forty per cent the nett proceeds But when the inland
charges on both sides added when the ho of the
penses Of taking the flour from the actual producer the
ua consumer footed up when all the casualties est
mated, and when all the incidental advantages Of home
market and home consumption taken into view the abb
surdy of our continuing agricultural country will be
apparent and the advantages of bringing the
to the side Of the producer will be more evident
The wheat the Vsuls 10 usually taken Dantsc on
uncovered RATS the outside Of the heap, exposed to the rain
and sun, becomes vegeang, matted roof This, Of
course 10 lost, waste Of human toll. Our shippers Of
wheat in bulk have wit and put plank covering
the cargo. On the route they generally find who
have enough skill and machinery change the wheat into
four and the change is considered very desirable by
those who loudly decm about the advantages Of foreign
commerce. Well why not go step two further, and
compress and refine the wheat still more-elaborate int
fabrics Of iron, cotton, wool, and cempl
We believe fully in the benefits of commerce, exchanges
in the division and subdivision Of labor But the most bene
fetal to home commerce; the most econom
cal exchanges home exchanges and the pro-
ducve division Of labor the parceng out among ourselves
Of the various empoymens called for by civilized people,
There necessity of for exchanging the
products Of different soils under different climates of eahs
and minerals of the products Of skill which circumstances
more or less conne particular localities and than
all there necessity Of exchanging the results of mind and
Of keeping up with the progress Of mind all over the world
All these exchanges however, require but few "shps Of
burden" indicated by those who advise US to exchange only
the rude products Of the soil with the products Of foreign
votkahops
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

bEerE EARIr.Sir Robert Peel's father determined to
BRING up bis on expressly for the House Of Commons When
que child no would frequently him table, and pro-
mise him cherry he would make soeecb The applause
that followed his efforts stimulated exeon that before he
was ten years old ne could address company with de-
gree OF e'oquence Az he grew up his father made him
Pa' every sunday as well o. he could, the which
bad been preached, by which his habit Of attention grew
powerful. ~
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

The invention of the Telegraph has had one effect which
many will notice. Our people are not now so generally
well posted 10 European as they used to be- The
magnetic wires report the leading facts brought by the a
walls from England and after that very little interest Is felt
as TO details We get idea Of European politics. but the
causes and effects Of not considered or digest
ed Men will read what they think they know already,
but which, in truth. they know very imPerfecty.
Alexandra Gazette
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31
$4,000, 8 Prizes $4,000.
VIRGINIA STATE LOTTERY,

TOT voc penent OF inc Wonongaha Academy.
Class F, for 1851.
be drawn in Alexandra, Va Saturday June g.
rs number lottery-i5 drawn ballots.
Making nearly as many pr ICES as banks)
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31
N1FICENT SCHEMES
FOR JUNE, 1851.
J. w. MAURY & co. Managers.
$40,000-2 Prizes Of 100000.
VIRGINIA STATE LOTTERY,

For the benefit Of Monongalia Academy,
Glass No. So, for 1851.
To be drawn in Alexandra, Va Saturday. June z, 1851
78 number lo,tery-4 drawn ballots.
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

Tickets Sl0-Halves S5-Quarters $3.50
Certificates Of packages Of IS whole tickets $40 90
Do do % half do so 90
Do do Is quarter do 80 90
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

Nett proceeds. cash. 9Th IuIy. .3.5s
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$4,000, $4,000, $12,500, 25 prizes Of 81 ,0t
VIRGINIA. STATE LOTTERY.

VIRGINIA. STATE LOTTERY,
For the benefit of Mononxalia Academy.
Class SO, for 1851.
To be drawn in Alexandria, Va Saturday June e. 1851
IS Number Louery-l5 drawn ballots
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-05-31

verb to be the want of imperfect passive partcpe
II to that the idea Of ncompabty between being
and built in the above quotation without any sufficient oun-
daton If there in fact incompalbily il surely csnno,
be confined to the verb build We have the same form in
all present passive participates In the conuga.ion of all
passive VERBS the auxiliary be is infected through all the
moods and lenses whilst the psricpal portion remains un-
changed throughout Hence being bull the regular pre-
sent passive pacpe, the thing much desired by Dr.
Beae Il also expresses the proper condition. the recev-
ing action begun but ended" Bet the same idea
be expressed in the active and passive FORM thus James
building the house. and the house is being built by
James, p any other part of the verb the identity Of idea
would be admitted without word
Have grammasns notwithstanding the cleaness and
proPety Of their definitions COMPOUNDED the compound par
ice with the present. and doing the same thing
every day. Let us look at the definition Of the compound
partcPe The compound participIe implies action or be-
ing completed before the time referred to-Kkham What
took place before something else mentioned (Smt inn
plies the completion Of action or state The nature Of
this parcple may be easily learned by observing TO what
lenses tits equivalent; these the present perc the
past perfect and the future perfect. The participe then
must except B. from this remark because he confines
the idea Of present time to the parcipe ending in pe ok
ing present time in the passive pacpe essentially different
from present time In the active psrcple allows the active
psriepe In ing TO have passive Specification contrary to
what relates any other part of the verb saws the
passive pacpe inmates the present Of an act az comped
but IN progress says the perfect particle in ans.ve
verbs has either active passive sencstion and gves
definition to either the perfect compound perfect par
icipe.