Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1851-02-14
Thc English In Australia.

tain Cook immortalized as minister of civilization,
observed the eastern coast harbor whose shores
we're covered with a variety of beautiful plants lie
called the place Botany Bay. To him it was endear-
cd by associations of delight its is repul-
sive as attached to sink of crime After this Voy-
age accounts of the unknown Southern land were
circulated through Europe. 1t was at this unhap:
by period that the oligarchy OF England On1ueu py
selfish passion abandoned her interests and lost the
brightest jewel in her empire The American COLO
Mes revolving under oppression, PROCLAIMED 'nei .
Independence and the mother State, having oao'
from her bosom the promising chlld sne h,u a |
ed went forth again to seek new home Tor her on
snriu o in the waste places OF the Wor!d. AL AUS
triLan settlement was projected Tor the recep'i'h
of vieted criminals. An expedition was at once
equipped It consisted of two vessels OF war; SIX
,trsnsports, and three store ships. On board were
500 male and 1872 female cOnvcts; l6O marines with
their officers, and the usual complement OF crews
Provisions, tools, Implements and materials were
provded Burdened with its load OF crime, the squad
ron spread sail for the I" Unknown Southern Land"
The expedition reached the shores of Australia in
January, 1888 sailor, named Jackson, discovered
through gap in the line of cliffs the magnificent
harbor named in honor of its discoverer The slua-
ton preferred to that of Botany Bay the boats
were manned. and the people stepped out of them,
literally under the shadow of forest. All was wild
and silent The tents were pitched an encampment
was arranged, the and spade were set to work,
and the English name and nation were for the hrst
thine established in Australia. On that distant shore
then clothed with dreary wounds, there now stands
the capital of great colony, prosperous CITY, en-
Ebelished with beautiful structures populous and
rich, and stamped with the impress of civilization
Scarcely sixty-two years, therefore, have elapsed
since the birth of colony now outrivaIing, in the
rapid growth of its Importance. every other in the
world.
But New South Wales did not spring-it struggled
into prosperity The early years of its existence were
full of trouble The qualities of its soil not
understood the crops scany the convicts were
idle and greedy; the military were insubOrdinate
a different intervals. hopes
of the settlers depressed by the dread of famine
Scarcity and disease made havoc among them and
before four months had passed. gallows cast its
ill-omened shadow the birth place OF sydney.
youth only seventeen years of age stained the in
FAINT city with crime, and cut off - in the land
of PROMISE by the hands of the hangman. Another
miserable creature during a time OF want, swallow
ed eight pounds of -four cakes at meal and died of
surfeit. Others sharing the ignorance of more edu-
Gated classes in England, conceived the idea of es-
cape by travelling overland to China They started
their journey and were never more heard Of
Probably they killed by the natives; but pos
sibly, also, some became domesticated among them.
and relapsed into the savage state of life Recently
1t was well known, some sailors did do So on the
coast above MOreton Bay. The colony struggled for
existence during many years.
A settlement was founded at Norfolk Island, to
relieve Sydney from of it's convict population
but IN spite OF every exerton, the century drew to
a close while New South Wales in the most un-
promising condition Deluded by dreams of sudden
fortune, many spent their time in an improbable
search for gold One of the convicts, noticing the
passion of his companions, resolved profit by it
With guinea and brass buckle he manufactured
specimen of ore and declared he found it near the
hills. The fraud detected instead of the reward
he looked for, the former received fogging. and
afterwards committing more serious offence ended
his life on the scafod A contrast between the con-
dton of the colony during the first years of its
Enlistment with its present state displays remark
able result. Four years after the landing at Port
Jackson the public stock consisted of aged stall
lion, two colts, sixteen COWS, two calves, one ram,
fifty ewes, six lambs, one boar, fourteen sows and
twenty-five pigs. At Paramatta, near Sydney, there
were three hundred cultivated with indian
corn, forty with wheat six with barley one with
OATS four with vines and eghtysix laid out in gar
dens, besides seventeen belonging to the soldiers.
In all, therefore, there were 1I8 animals fed and
458 acres titled. Before 1885, about 900 900 lbs
of wool had been shipped from New South Wales
which now contains about 100000 sheep, more
than 100000 horses, nearly 100000 cattle, and
pigs beyond calculation. About 1000 sheep. and
10000 cattle slaughtere annually producing
more than 10000 cwt. of tallow 100000 acres are
under cultivation they produce nearly 100000
bushels of grain, and more than 10000 tons of pota
toes toboceo and hay. From such small beginning g:
has New South Wales risen to this position.
sketch of its extent and resources may explain the
rapid progress. -Sharpe's Magazine.
Hero.
"There is an endearing tenderness" says Wash
ok0 Iur,S~, l. Il