The New York herald., 1851-08-22

hemisphere he enters the region OF the northeast trader
and finds the sky sometimes mottled with Clouds but
the most part clear continuing his towards the
line he finds his Thermometer to higher and higher
as he approaches the equator uat entering the
Of equatorial Gains and rains he feels the to be-
come singularly oppressive he discovers here that the
elasticity OF feeling which he bresthed from the trade
wind air, has forssken him.
Escaping from this gloomy region, and entering the
southeast trades his spirits revive and he to his
log book TO what changes recorded there He
surprised to find that notwithstanding the Oppressive
weather Of the rainy lattudes, both his Thermometer
and barometer stood while in them lower than in the
clear weather either side Of them that Just before
entering and just before leaving the rainy parallels the
mercury Of the thermometer and barometer invariably
stood higher than does when within them though
they include the equator lie has passed ring clouds
that encrcles the earth
Perceiving this he is reminded how this cloud-ring
by screening there parses from the suns rays not only
promotes the precipitation which takes place within
at certain periods but how also the rains are made TO
change the places upon which they are to fall and how
by travelling with the calm belt Of the equator up and
down the earth this cloud ring shifts the surface from
which the heating rays Of the excluded and how
by this operation tone given to the atmospherca
culation Of the world.
In a clear day at the equator this cloui-rng having
spt to the north or south with the calm belt the rays
OF the pour down upon the crust of the earth and
raise its temperature to scorchng heat. The
phere dances above IT, and The air trembling in
ascending and descending columns with busy eager
ness to conduct the heat off and deliver it to the regions
aoft, where 1t is required to give momentum to the air
in its general channels Of circulation. The dry season
continues; the VERTICAL and finally the earth be-
comes parcned and dry the heat accumulstes faster
than the air can carry II away the plants begin to
wither and the animals to perish Then the miti
eating cloud ring. The burning rays of the in
tercepted by it, The place the absorption and reec
on and the delivery to the atmosphere Of the solar heat
changed is transferred from the upper surface OF
the earth to the upper surface Of the Gle uds
Radiation from the land and the sea below the cloud
belt is thus interrupted and the of heat in the
earth is delivered to the air. and by absorption carried
to the Clouds and there delivered to their vapors to
prevent Of precipitation
In the mean time, the trade winds, north and SOUTH
are pouring into this cloud covered receiver, the
calm and rain belt OF the equator may be called fresh
supplies in the shaJe of ceaseess volumes of heated air.
loaded to saturaton with vapor which has to rise above
and get clear OF the clouds before it the
process Of cooling by radiation In the time the
vapors which the trade winds bring from the north and
the SOUTH expanding and growing cooler they ascend
being condensed the lower side of the cloud
tum and their latent heat set free to check precpt
ton and prevent food.
While this process and these operations gons
on the neither side OF the cloudrng one not less i'm
portant Is going on on the upper side There from sun
rise to the Of the sun are pouring down with
out nermission Every day and all day long they ope
cloud stratum When they become too powerful, and
convey heat to the cloud vapors than the cloud
with beautiful elasticity Of character the clouds absorb
the surplus heat They melt away become invisible and
retain the heat thus impaired In latent and harmless
state, until it Is wanted at other place and
other occasion.
We thus have insight into the operations which
going in the equatorial belt Of precipitation and this
insight is sufficient to enable to perceive that exqui
site indeed are the which nature has
vided for supplying this calm belt with heat and for
pushing the line high up the clouds in order
that the atmosphere may have room to expand to rise
up overflow and course back into the channels OF its
drops Of rain, two-fod object Is ccompshed-coming
from the cooler regions Of the Clouds the rain drops are
cooler than the air and earth below They descend and
ating in the earths crust during the dry season. and
which cannot now escape BY radiation Thus this cloud
ring modhes the climate of all places beneath it; over
shsdowipg at different seasons all parallels from degs
8. to Is degs. N.
nt han frpa uua Of heat
sea BY the trade Winds and brought hithsr The oaoc
thus liberated taken by the air and carried up alot
still further to keep, at the proper distance from the
earth the line Of perpetual copgelation Were pos
air. to represent this line, should doubt find it
mounting sometimes at the equator sometimes this
side and sometimes on that Of It, but so always to
overleap this coudr ring. This thermal line would not
ascend always the parallelsit would ascend
those between which this ring happens to be- aud
the distance Of this ring from the equator is regulated
If we imagine the atuospherical equator to be always
where the calm belt Is which separates the N Il from
which should represent the line of perpetual congeation
in the air. would be always found to stride this equator
on tie surface OF The earth so Is Away. to be In ths
middle Of this rain belt would show very nearly the
rsme temperature all the year round and So too would
barometer the same pressure.
as to the ONCE which this belt Of clouds As it encrces
ments we may see that the cloud ring and calm zone
which II ovtrshsdows is both ventrce and aurcle In
the ccs which aive vitality and power to the sy,tsm
are brought into playwhere strength is gathered aud
impure given to the air, sufficient to send 1t thence,
through Its long and tortuous channels Of circulation
Thur, this ring band, belt Of clouds stretched
around planet to regulate the quantity Of precpts
qusptum ofheat the face Of the earth to adjust the
Winds and send out for distribution to the four
basin climate and season, il. due quota Of sun.ha
cloud and moisture Like the balsnce wheel Of we'll
constructed chronometer this cloud ring affords the
grand atmosphsrical machine the most exqusitey
ranged self compensation II the fail In his supply
Of heat to this region Of Its vaPors condensed
and hest IL discharged from It's latent store houses in
quantities just SUFFICIENT keep the machine the
perfect compensation IT. the other hsud, too much
ne. Dc found 70 .ocompSny the rays o. shs % sun they
again on that eide are the means Of eelfcompensaon
ready at hand much Of the cloud surface may be
requisite IL then resolved into invisible vessels in which
the surplus heat from the stored and held In
the latent state until II Ia called for when instantly IL
set free and becomes visible and astive agent In the
That the Thermometer stands beneath this cloud
belt than does either side Of IL, has not been
thewn, or thewn, II has not been made TO appear by
actual observation so far ~ my researches are con.
cerned for the observations In my possession have not
yet been discussed concerning the Temperature Of the
air But that the temperature of the cir the surface
under this cloud ring lower theoretical deduction
as fucepble Of Demonstration IL the rotation Of the
earth its axis 1t Is well known fact Indeed,
ture herself hss hung Thermometer under this cloud
struct Ind its indications ars not to be mistaken
where do the vapors which form this cloudring aud
which here condensed and poured down into the
rain come from! They come from the trade wind
regions under the cloud ring they rise up they rise
up they expand; and they expand they grow cool;
II requires mercurial instrument CT human
device to satisfy that the air which brings the vapor
for these clouds cannot take and let down at the
same temperature. Precipitation and evaporation
the Of each other and the air cannot
cpste and evaporste take and let down water
aud the time As temperature Of air raised
its capacity for receiving and retaining water in the
state Of vspor ncreased-as the temperature Of ths
air lefsened it's capacity for retaining that moisture
dminiis..-a These are physical iaws; AID therefore
when water dripping from pserc
need no Instrument to tell that the elasticity Of the
yspor condensed and falling in dcops less than
vas Its elasticity when taken up from the surface
Of the water and went up into the clouds
yepor.
Hence we infer that when the vapors of water
condemned the heat which to sustain them
In the vapor state, and which borrowed from the
ocean, b parted WITH and that Therefore they sub
jcctcd in the act OF condensation TO lower temperature
than they In the act of expectation This Is what
..-ts.s a.