New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-11-12
GERMANY.


fully out OF the country. On the 18TH OF harel
the people Of Berlin rose IN arms and. after al
obstinate struggle OF eighteen hours, had the sal
isfac,ior q seeing the King surrender himself
over 70 their hands Simultaneous outbreaks O.
= more o. less violent nature, but all with the
same success, occurred IN the capitals OF the
smaller States Of Germany. The German PEG
PIE, if they had not accomplished their first reyo
utjon. were al least fairly launched into the rev
olutionarv career
Asto the incidents OF these various nsuHec
tons. we cannot enter here into the detail o.
them: what we have to explain Is their charac'
ter. and the position which the different classes
of the population took up with regard to them.
The revolution of Vienna may be said to have
been made ny an almost unanimous population
The bourgeoisie, with the exception OF the BANK
ers and stock OTHERS, the petty trading class, the
working people one and all. arose at once against
a government detested by all, a government 50
universally hated, that the small minority OF
mobiles and money. lords which had supported 1t,
made itself invisible on the very first attack
The middle classes had been kept IN such de-
gree of political ignorance 10y Metternlch. that
to them the news from Paris about the reign OF
Anarchy, Socialism and Terror. and about I'M
pending struggles between the class OF capital
lists and the class OF laborers, proved quite unln'
teligible. They, IN their political innocence,
either could attach no meaning to these news,
or they believed them to be fiendish inventions
Of Metternich 10 frghten them into obedience.
They. besides had never seen working men act
as a class, or stand up for their own distinct
class interests They had, from their past ex-
perience, no idea of the possibility OF any differ
ences springing up between classes that now
were so heartily united in upsetlng govern
ment hated by all They saw the working peo-
ole agree with themselves upon all points;
constitution. trial by Jury, liberty of the press
&C Thus, they were, in March, l84S, at least
heart and soul with the movement, and the
movement. on the other hand, at once constituted
them the Cat least in theory predominant class
of the State
But it is the fate OF all revolutions that this
union of differest classes, which IN some degree
Is always the necessary condition of any revo-
luton. cannot subsist long No sooner is the
victory gained against the common enemy, than
the victors become divided among themselves
into different camps and turn their weapons
against each other 1t is this rapid and passion
ate development of clsss-antagonlsm which, IN
old and complicated social organisms, makes re-
volution such a powerful agent of social and pO
htical progress; 1t is this necessarily quick up
shooting OF new parties succeeding each other IN
power which. during those violent connections,
makes a nation pass in five years over more
ground than it would have done in a century I'M
der ordinary circumstances.
The revolution, in Vienna, made the middle
class the theoretically predominant class that
is to say, the concessions wrung from the
Government were such as, once carried out prac
ticaly and adhered to for time, would lnevi
taby have secured the supremacy OF the middle
class But, practically, the supremacy of that
class was far from being established. 1t is true
that by the establishment Of National Guard
which gave arms to the bourgeoisie, and petty
tradeSmen, that class obtained both force and
importance 1t is true, that 10y the installation
of Committee Of Safety a sort of revolu-
tonary irresponsible government, in which the
Bourgeolsie predominaied, 1t was placed at the
head of power But at the same time, the
working classes were partially armed too; they
and the students had borne the brunt OF the fight
as far as fight there had been and the students,
about 4,G00 strong, we'll armed and far better
disciplined than the National Guard, formed the
nucleus, the real strength of the revolutionary
a,,l 60 oct
instrument in the hands of the Committee Of
Safety Though they recognized it and even
were It's most enthusiastic supporters, they yet
formed a sort o independent and rather turbu
len, body celebrating for themselves IN the
"Anla,' keeping ar intermediate position be-
tween the bourgeolsio and the working classes
preventing, by constant agitation, things TO set
tie down to the old everyday tranquility, and
very often forcing their resolutions upon the
Committee OF Safety The working men, on the
other hand, almost entirely thrown out Of EN-
ployment, had to be employed IN public works
al the expense Of the State, and the money for
this purpose had OF course TO be taken out Of the
purse of the taxpayers OF out Of the chest of the
city OF Vienna. All this could no. but become
very unpleasant TO the tradesmen OF Vienna.
The manufactures of the city calculated for
the consumption of che rich and aristocratlc
courts OF a large country, were as a matter OF
course entirely stopped by the revolution, by the
fight Of the arlstocracy aud court trade was at
a stand-s:ill, and the continuous agitation and
excitement kept up by the students and working
people was certainly not the means to restore
confidence as the phrase went. Thus, GER
tam GOODNESS very soon sprung up between the
middle classes on the one side, and the turbulent
students and working people on the other and
II, for long time, this GOODNESS was not ripened
into open hostility, 1t was because the Ministry,
and particularly the Court. IN their Impotence to
restore the old order Of things, constantly lusti
NED the suspicious and the turbulent activity OF