Southern standard. [volume] (Columbus, Miss.) 1851-1856, 1851-02-22
Remarks of John 4. Cam ,pbel.
Ar THE ORGANIZATION OF TIE SOUTHERN RIGHTS
ASSOCIATION AT MOBILE.


division betwecf the sections of the conedera-
ey from the first days of IT'S existence. A question
hrose, in the Settlement of the Declaration of In
dependence rs to the noiCe 10 be taken of the slave
trade. The North objected rs having been the
carries of slaves, and portion of the Sou as the
purchasers, to any notice OF that subject in that
celebrated paper In the settlement of the articles
Of confederation few days after. ii Fundamental
division of opinion displayed. The North
proposed, that taxes AMI contributions should be
paid by the States, in proportion to their popula-
ton OF egery description slave, as well as free /;
The SUdth cdn:ehded that contributions should only
be in proportion to the echite population In 1888
this difference settled by compromise, five
slaves being rated equal to three whites. In
the Congress of the confederacy, various measures
were proposed to confne slavery wihn the terrific
ries in which it then existed. The powerful nhu
ence of this institution in determining the organi
cation of State, shown in the convention that
framed the Constitution. Mr.. Madison, a few
weeks af5er the convention had been in session,
brought to its notice the diScordant influences at
work to disturb its counsels. g The most material
of which, y he says, &c resulted partly from eli
mate, but principolty from, the effects IF their hag
ing, or not haoing sloyes. These two causes con-
CURED in forming the great division of interests in
the United States. II did not lie bettDeen tie large
and small States. II lag between the Northern and
Southern. " Rufus King, of Massachusetts, said
" He was fully convinced the question concerning
difference of interests did not lie where it had
hitherto been discussed, between the small and
great States bit bet,reen tie Southern and East
.erR." Mr.. Gorham, of Mass, g desired it to be
remembered, that the Eastern Suites lad no mo-
the to union but commercial one. They We're
able to protect themselves. They were not afraid
of external danger, and did not need tie aid Of tile
Southern States. Gen. Pinckney of South Car
DINA, :" declared he would vote against the report
of a Constitution unless security to the Southern
States against emancipation of their slaves, and
taxes on exports was given. General Hamilton
after the formation of the convention said 'these
differences settled in a spirit of accommoda-
ton, and without the indulgence of this spirit no
union could have been formed In 1894 an at
tempt made to induce Congress to interfere
with slavery, but this, after some debate, was
repealed.
Z Northern jealousy in 1903 and 4 was aroused
by the purchase of Louisiana, and the feeling, it
awakened was increased by the war with Great
Britain. The Hartford Convention demanded in
1914 amendment to the Constitution of the
United States, repeating the three represen-
tatiOn to slaves, Zone of the choice compromises of
the Constitution) and that no more slave States
should be admitted into the Union.
The latter portion of the demands of this con-
venton, the Northern politicians sought to achieve
at the time of the admission of Missouri to the
Union. They proposed a condition of her adj
mission, that she should abolish slagery A most
excited and infamed condition of the public mind
was the consequence of this effort This demand
of the Northern politicians, it is agreed, was
unconstitutional. The relations between the States
and the powers of the Federal Government, are
settled by the Constitution and these are not to be
altered by law or compact. The States have the
power to settle their domestic 33lStituons and Con-
gfess cannot acquire by compact the power to re-
strict their authority. The Supreme Court of the
United States IN parallel case has declared that
had an express stipulation been inserted in the
agreement between the State and the T. States
granting the municipal right of sovereignty and
eminent domain to the United States such stipu-
lation would hive been void and imperative be-
cause, the United States have no constitutional
capacity to exercise a municipal sovereignty OF
eminent domain within the limits of the State ex-
cept in the cases in which it is expressly granted
Hence it will be seen, this agitation was designed
for unconstitutional end it, however, resulted
IN the attainment of an advantage to the Northern
States of the largest value, equally at the expense
of the Constitution.
The Southern States generally acceded to the
Missouri Compromise, by which Missouri was adj
mitted to the Union without the condition and the
restriction of slavery from the territories acquired
of France north of $50 80 north latitude-amoun-
ting to larger surface than all the slave States
now in the Unon-was enacted into a law. Thus
laying the foundations for the controversies with
which we beset. Subsequently to this pc
Rod, until 1882, various questions arose in Con
gress to introduce slavery discussions, but none
agitated the country at large. In 1882 the first
Anti-Slavery Society in the United States was
formed. Prior to this time, the long and earnest
endeavors of the opponents of slavery in Great
Britain had led to the immediate prospect of an
emancipation in the West Indies while the discus
sions in Virginia following the panic of the South
ampton instruction, opened the question in the U
States.
The object of this society was declared to be
" to endeavor, by all means sanctioned by law
religion and humanity to effect tie abolition of sla-
Uery IN tie United States; to improve the charac-
ter and condition of the free people of color, tc
enforce and correct public opinion relative to then
situation and rights, and to obtain for them equa
ciVa and political privileges with the whites .
This society diselaimed all intention to interfere
with any existing relations, and agreed to dscoun-
tenance any violence or instruction. It's modes
of operation were declared to be moral and peace
full
This society was followed by the American
Ant-Slavery Society, which had more expanded
views of agitation, and more definite political ends
This was formed in the latter part of 1888
Their object asserted to be the entire aboli
ton of slavery in the United States. - ssWhie il
admitted that each State, has by the Constitution
OF the United StBtes the ercksVe right to Iegisot
IN regard to its abolition IN that State it shall aim
to convince all our fellow citizens by arguments
addressed to their understanding and conscences
that save-holding is heinous crime IN tie sight o.
Of God; and that the duty, safety and best inter
est Of all concerned require Its immediate abandon
naent, OittOut repatriation. The Society will also
pndeaVOr N a titI1fio nj