The Democratic sentinel and Harrison County farmer. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1851-1852, 1851-12-03

lntompetent 10 the performance OF actIFe duty.
asa tHeasufs o. economy as well az Of efficiency
IN TINS arm OF the service, the provision 4Asi men-
usned u eminenty worthy OF your considsEaiiOh.
The determination Of the Questions Of relative
rnnk beiN een the sea officers and civil officers OF
TIE navy, IN the yunoussgrBdrs VI each, viii Rsrit
your attention. The failure TO provide any sub
stiIute, when cerpnrs punishment was abolished
LOT offences In ihstHayY. has accustomed the useI-
INK VI numerous cart INITIALS upon tho ariTat OF
vessels IN port. and Is believed 10 have had m IN.
furious effect upon the d'scipliHd and eticieDry q
the seTylcs. 10 OdeTrtdpuHishment from one
grade to another Is AMONG the humlne ~reiorHss OF
ts nst, but 10 uboilah one vi severity. which hD-
Piled 20 Z neraiiy 10 offences on ship bapI, ami
Provide hotAingiin lis stead. IS 10 suppose n DtO-
gre sotinlpfoyement IA ctery individual among
ssnnlen which 10 not assuulal by the Legislature
IN respect 10 any other class Of men.
u Is hnPtd That COu sress, IN the ample OppOetR-
nly afforded by the present session, will lAof-
o,gnlY Investigate Ihsi important subject, and ss-
! Olsh sIeh modes Of determining guilt and sLelE
grades OF punishment Us are consistent with hW
mtnIIy and the perso Iul rights Oisindividuals end
NJ the same lime shall ensure the most e~nergelp=
ana etlcient performances OF duty and suppressiuA
u ietitne IN our ships OF wuf.
The stone dock in the navy yard at New York
whlch was ten years in process OF construction
Inns be- u so tar hnished "a 10 he surend cred up 10
The authorities OF the yard. The dJy dock al Phi
ladtlphln is reported as heiHr completed, aud IL
soon toibe tested and delivered over TO The ugents
" az EONNl liltCHAs. y Uu Ut IOILEUtHuln, NEW
Hamrshi,e.il is also nearly ready for delivery; and
n contact has been concluded, Rgreeably to the
act oil Congress ut Its last session, Tor a floating
sectional dock on the Bay OF Gan Francisco. in
we your attention 10 he recommendation OF the
Apartment touching thei esI ubiishmeu OF n navy
yurd in conjunction with The dock on the Pacific.
Such n station is highly.recesary to that ocean,
when must be expected to 'increase with the
growth OF commerce and theSrapid extension of
orr whale fisheries OVcr its wuters.
The NnvaIsA Gala No m, A,,...I:z
vised and imprnved system OfregulatiOns, now az
ierds opportunities OF education aud instru ction 10
the pupils xu'te equal, it is believed, for prufes.
slolIal improvements, 10 those enjoyed by the ca
dels IN the Military Academy. A large class OF
nctlng mi iSh'pmen was received at the commence
ment OF the last academic term, and Il nrarticb
snip has been attuohed 10 the Institution. 10 AFFORD
the ampteSt means Tor crulGec during the vaca
tons vi three or four months in each year.
ne advantages OF sciences IN nautical affairs
nave rarely been more Striklnglv illustrated than
~ the uct stated i'll the Navy Department, That
by means Ot the wind and current charts prof ect-
aud prepared by Lieutenat Muury, the Superin-
teldent OF the Raual observatory, the passage
from The Etlantic to the Pacific ports UI our couu-
Try has been shortened by about forty days. The
es'lnl1tes Tor the support OF the Navy. and Ma
ril" C'rps the ensuing fiscal year will be GDund
~ b: S','5j,472 -, The estimate for the current
year beng 50. 900, G2l.
Tne ]estimate3 fr special objects under the
- NNSN u btohbl " SNJ H. GO =
Oh. nglInst 81, 2lO, $50 Tor the present year, the
increase beng 0ccusIoned by the additional mail
service on the Pacific coast and the construction
"i The dock IN California, authorized at the ias;
session OF Congress, and some slight udditioo un-
DER me head OF improvements and repnirs in Ma
Wy Yards, building and machinery.
| deem II much Importance to a lust economy,
ana a correct understanding of naval expendt-
Lures, that I'll re should be an entire separation of
The appropriations for the support OF the naval
SHTViUn mr. mar trA IA tlnua fnr t.~., ,a,k .v.-
ments at navy yard and stations, and IRON o.
ee1n steam mai service. AM other spec al OBJ
JeclS assigned TO the supervision OF tins Depart
ment.
. The report of the Postmaster General, here
with commune tted, presents an interesting view
OF the progress, operations, and condiG Oh OF this
Department.
AT the close of the last fiscal year, the length
OF nlall routes within the United Suites was 1885,
29o miles: the annual transportation thereon So
2i2,252 miles; aud the annual cost OF such trans
p~cftatlon $J,42l,7 5i.
The length OF the foreign mail routes is eslima-
ted al 1891 miles; and The annual transporter
ton thereon at 6lj, 206 miles. he annual cos4
"t this service Is Sl,472,lS7, of which $44s. i,
pad by The Post Office Department, ami L,u2J,
80 Is paid through tho Navy Department
The annual transportation wilhia the United
Statt@(tIciuhlil the service in California aud Orr
'gori which is now, for the first time reported
ana Ghlhracld IN The tabular statemeeis otlh De-
I"' '''Sf tlihl VI tuG DftCtulUL wear o.
10000 lntles,a At an increased cost OF Sji7 10,
he whole number OF post offices in the United
States, on the 3Oth day OF June Ia st, was ~. 40.
There were t,G35 post offices established, and 2j6
discontinued during the year.
Inc gross revenues Of the Department for tho
tscnl year, including the appropriations for he
lrankeI matter ot Congress, OF the Departments,
ana officers OF GnvernHent, and excluding the for.
9,gn Pos'nges, collected for and payable to the
British post office, amounted to 8 6.727. SID. 70.
4 m - ~ 50 ri u II FAI On ma npt,I F-.-I ~
o9'.49. paid under an award ut The Auditor, in
pursuance ot n re- 5olutlnn OF the last Congress,
Tor mail service on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers
~ 1889 and 80, and the amount paid to the Bri-
tlsh post ONCE TOR foreign p'stagcs collect, d for
ana payable TO til 1t Otlic"l amounted to S5U2l.-
500 ~; leaving u balance Of revenue over the
proper expenditures ct the year OF S7O3. 2g9 80.
Inc receipts Tor hostages during the year tex
clucIng the the lorelgn hostages collected for and
pnyaoIe to the British Po+t Office Amounted to
So,5l3,il u, being IN ,nCiease Uf S9J1, 6lu 70,
or 10 o2-loO per cent. over .he like receipts for
the preceding year.
The reduction OF postage, under the act oil
March last, did not take effect until the com.
neilcemento OF the present fiscal year. The nc.
Counts tor The tlrst quarter, under the opat mtivn
OF the reduced rites, will not, he settled before
January next: and no reliable estimate OF the re-
celpt| tor the present year can ct be made. 1t
Is believed however, that they WI inil tar short
OF those OF the last year. The surplus OF the re-
''h"Sc NV! pi LuIiu IS, HUNGNGf. 50 large That
no further appropriation from the treasury, in aid
OF the revenues OF the Department, is required
i"r the cGlrt Mt fiscal year; NJ au additional ap
preparation iorthe year eding June 80, 1858. will
probably be found necessary when the receipts of
the hrst two quarters OF the fiscal year are fully
asCert aimed.
In his last annual report the Postmaster Gene.
RAJ recommended n reduction OF postage to raves
which he deemed as low az could be pruIenilv 4.
dop'ed: unless Congress was prepared to appro.
pirate fr"m.the treasury, tor the sudpolt OF the
Department, u sum more than equiValenL to the
mail services performed by ittor me Governments,
The commentators OF the Puslnla 4ter Gene
rn!' IN respect I oletter postage, except OH letters
from and TO California and Oregon, were substan-
TALLY adopted by the last Congress He now re.
cominendS adherence to the pIcsent letter rites,
and advises against a further reduction until JUS.
tined ny the revenue of the Department.
lie also recommends than the rates If postage
Oh printed matter be so revised rs TO render them
more simple ana more uniform in their operation
upon all classes of printed ma / ter. submit the
r. Communications Of the report to your favorable
consideration.
The public statutes of the United States have
beeen accommodating Tor more than sixty Years,
mud, in 'erspersed with pritale acts, are sea uttered
through numerous volumes, and from the cos; of
tie whole, nave become almost Inaccessible to
the great mass Of the community. They also
exhibit much OF the incongruitv and imperlection
Of hasty legislation, AS it seems TO be general.
cet cedtd that there is ne common law OF the
United States 10 supply the detects of their legis-
iatlon, It Ia most important that that legislation
should be- as perfect as possible, denying every
power intended to be conferred, every crime in
tended 10 be mnde punishable, and prescribing
the punishment to be ~lnfictep. In addition to
some particul ar cases spoken OF more at length,
the whole criminal code is now larnentabIy de.
tective, Some offences are imperfectly described
and others are entirely omitted; so that fragrant
crimes may be committed with impunity. The
scale OF punishment is not in all cases graduated