The Democratic sentinel and Harrison County farmer. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1851-1852, 1851-12-03

teaftfuO uOuOt OI tne eAbtence OF lne most
dAgEant abuses under the existing laws.
This practical evasion of the paesent law,
combined with the languishing condition
Of some Of the greatinterests Of the couA-
try, caused by over importations and eon-
sequent depressed prices. and with the
failure Of obtaining a foreign market for
,9ur increasing surplus of breadstuffs and
provisions, has induced me again to rec
commend a modification of the existing
tariff.
The secretary Of the Interior has sug-
gested in his report various amendments
of the laws relating to pensions and boun-
ty lands for the purpose Of more efiectu-
ally guarding against abuses and trades
on the Government, to all Of which in
Vite your particular attention.
The large accessions to our Indian pop.
ulation consequent upon the acquisition Of
New Mexico and California and the ex.
tension of our settlements into Utah and
Oregon have given increased interest and
importance to our relations with the abor-
iginal race.
No material change has taken place,
within the last year in the conditions and
prospects of the Indian tribes who reside
in the Northwestern Territory and wesi
of the Mississippi river. We are at peace
with all of them; and it will be a source
of pleasure to you to learn that they are
gradually advancing in civilization and
and the pursuits of social life:
A1opr tba Mov;oo. f,ou+ .al;. It'll
ifornia and Oregon, there have been &C.
caslonal manifestations of unfriendly
feelings and some ~depredations commit
ed, l am satisfied: however, that this re-
suited more from the destitute and star
wing condition of the Indians than from
any settled hostility towards the whites.
As the s%ettlementof our citizens progress
towards them, the game upon which they
mainly rely for subsistence is driven off
or destroyed, and the only alternative
lefto them is starvation or plumber. 1t
becoms us to consider, in view of this con-
dition of things, whether justice and hui
manity, as well as an enlightened econo-
my, do not require that, instead Of seek
ing to punish them for offences which are
the results of our own policy towards them,
we should not provide for their immediate
wants and encourage them to engage in
agriculture, and to rely on their labor, in
stead of the chase, for means of support.
Various important treaties have been
negotiated with different tribes during the
year by which their title to large and val
&able tracks of country has been extin-
gulshed, all Of which will, attthe proper
time, submitted to the SENATE for ratifca-
ton.
The joint commission under the taeaty
of Guadalupe HindaIgo has been actively
engaged in running and marking the
boundary line between the United States
and Mexico 1t was stated, in the last
annual report of the Secretary of the In
terror, that the initial point of the Pacific
and the point Of junction Of the Gulf with
the Colorado river had been determined
and the intervening line, about one hun
dred and fifty miles in length run and
marked by temporary monuments. Since
that time a monument of marble has been
erected at the initial point, and permanent
landmarks Of iron have been placed at
suitable distances along the line.
The initial point on the Rio Grande has
also, been fxcl by the commissioners at
latitu lie 32deS. % min. and of the date
81. the last communication the survey of
the line had been made thence westward
about one hundred AMI fifty miles in the
~1ielghborhool of, the copper mines.
The commission on our part was at first
organized, on a scale which experience
proved to be unwielIly attended with I'M
necessary expense, Orders have, there
lore, been issued for the reduction of the
number of persons employed within the
smallest limits, consistent with the safety
OF those engaged in the service, and the
prompt and efficient execution of their i'm
portant duties.
Returns have been received from all the
officers engaged in taking the censns in
the States and Territories, except Califor-
mis-. The Superintendent employed to
make the enumeration in that State has
not yet made his full report, from causes,
as h. alleges, beyond his control. This
failure is much to be regretted, as it has
prevented the Secretary OF the Interior
from making the decennial apportion-
rdeft Of the representatives among the
States as required by the act approved
May 23, 1850. 1t is hoped, however,
that the returns will soon be received, and
no time will then be lost in making tho
necessary apportionment' and in trans
hitting the certificates required by law.
The Superintendent of the Seventh Cen
sus is diligently employed, nnder the d.
,%rection of the Secretary of the Interior, in
classifying and arranging in tabular form,
all the statistical information derived from
the returns of the marshals, and it is be-
lieved that when the work shal be compile
ted it will exhibit a more perfect view to the
population, wealth, occupations and social
condition OF a grert country, thanhas ever
presented to the world. The value of
such a work as the bases of enlightened
legislation, can hardly be over-estimated;
and | earnestly hope that Congress will
lose no time in making the appropriations
necessary to complete the classification,
and to publish the results in astyle worthy
of the subject and of our national charac-
ter.
| The want of a uniform fee bill, prescri-
bling the compensation to be, allowed dis
trict attorneys, clerks, marshals and COM
missioners in civil and criminal cases, is
the cause of much ~vexation, injustice and
complaint. | would recommend, a thor
oagh revision of the laws on the, whole
subject, and the adoption of a tariff Of
fees which, as far as practicable, should
be uniform, and prescribe a specific com
pensation for every service which the off