The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1851-06-27

DY JOSIAH noLBRooK,

Ilftrdl meaning VI pAySou ~ @CtA Hfu"cf
Combined with sulphur Il forms sulphuric
ncd; with nitrogen nitric ncld; &c..
Respiration, combustion and fermentation
nre the three principal operations produc-
ing the combinations Of oxygen and car
bon: the result, carbonic acid.
Acids combine readily with metals,
earth and alkales--as iron, lime and po-
tash. BY chemists combinations are
called salts, designated by the termination
ate. Sulphuric acids combining With
various bases, produces sulphates; nitric,
ni,rates; carbonic, carbonates. Sulphate
Of lime is gypsum or plaster Of Paris;
suIphate Of iron, cophate Of iron, cop
peras: Of soda, glouber salts; or magnesia,
epson salts. The carbonate, Of lime is
common limestone, marble, chalk, and
many beautiful crystals. Carbonates Of
iron, copper, and lead, are ores Of these
metals.
About century ago, water was found
10 be composed Of oxygen and hydrogen,
about half century since, oxygen was
found by Sir Humphrey Davy TO be an
element Of rocks, Of course soils, as il
was Of alkalies, combined with oxygen
were found by the same great chemist,
10 be metals very peculiar in character.
1t hence appears that oxygen is an
ele ment in air, earth and water, existing
abundantly in solid, liquid and aerial
forms. In whole il constitutes nearly
half our globe. Il is Of course the most
abundant element in the material world
Il is also the most important agent in
producing changes is matter essential to
the human existence. II is very appro-
priately called vital air, as neither animal
life nor any life can exist without il. 1t
Is no less essential TO combustion than 10
life. Italso acts with energy upon metals
and other solid substances. In this ac-
ton II produces three very large and very
important classes fbodes-oxydes, acids
and salts, Iron rust is the oxyde Of iron:
the dross Of lead, oxyde OF lead; burnt
lime, the oxyde Of calcium; pure soda,
The oxyde Of sodium; selix or flint, the
oxydc Of silicum. The combination Of
one part oxygen and four of nitrogen
constitutes the atmosphere; three parts
Of oxygen and one Of nitric acid, aquafor-
lis. Combined with other substances, il
forms numerous acids. Sal,petre is the
nitrate Of potash. The large quantity Of
oxygen il receives from the nitric acid
fits It fora material in gunpowder, giving
to that powerful agent its principal
power.
A plate, tumbler end scrap Of paper
Mith little water, will enable any teach
er or parent to perform an experiment on
oxygen equally simple, instructive and
interesting. In a deep plate pour some
water. On the water place a scrap OF
thicd paper, piece Of cork or other light
substance; on that another piece of pa
per or cotton moistened with oil. On
lighting the paper or cotton place over
tia large empty tumbler. The combus-
tion continues for few seconds, and
when it is extinguished the water oc-
cupies about one fifth of the space in the
tumbler, showing the necessity Of oxygen
combustion; and that il constitutes about
one-ffih The air we breathe. What man
woman or child, would not like to be
familiary acquainted with an element SO
abundant, and an agent so active as oxy-
gen, especially when such an acquaintance
is qually simple, useful and delightful
-a----- isisff
SIR Isaac NEwToN.---In the middle Of
the seventeenth century, there was an
English boy ofmean and diminutive ap-
pearance, and behind all other boys of
his age. He was constantly at the foot
Of his class, and verify it was believed
that this boy would become only cob
bier, OF bungler Of some other kind, for
surely the soul of learning was not in
him. But at the age Of twelve change
was wrought in the character and fortune
Of the youth that had never obtained a
s'reward Of merii'' and was regarded by
teacher and schoolmaster as an inferior.
AT this time an alteration took place be-
I. tween this backward boy and one above
him in the class--whereupon the latter
gave him very unpleasant kick in The
stomach. Enough! The pride of the
boy was outraged--revenge is sweet
but he was too weak to cope with hi.
opponent, physically. How, then, shal
he be humbied? All! an idea--a spIen
did conception-he resolved to surpas
him in study, get above him in the class
and there remain to look down upon hi
enemy, and clip from him The laurels b,
now SO vainly wears. This will be
triumph worthy Of mention, -peaceabl
got, none the less glorious "A reveng,
thai physical giants might envy. He re
solved and accomplished; became mos
devoted scholar; commenced a career o
glory; and Sir Isaac Newton appeare,
with The key 10 unlock the mysteries o
motion, and to draught truer chart o
the stupendous Universe!
IMPoRTANr DRc1sIoN. 1t has beef
lately decided by a Court 10 Georgia
that The dying declarations Of a man can
NOT be give in as testimony in trial e
murder. The objection was founded 0
F . ~. lt7 ~ =