The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-25

IoA0efobo0 J0Stty ooyos v0es y ~ " no p8{t " tno
eagsgemeats Of that treaty that the internal system
end local arrangements Of the two countries upon
commercial matters shall be the same"
Neither does i seek to view tho present navigs-
commerce fthe United States from the tax Were
that the case there would have been no occasion to
instruct the undersigned TO make the communica-
ton Of the 3lst Of December last.
The federal government rests this request solely
the fact that the commerce Of Great Britain en-
joys, without charge. the lights, beacons, and buoys
maintained by the United States, acoast several
thousand miles in extent; while the commerce Of
the United States Is heavily taxed for the support
Of similar lights, bcscons and buoys in the United
Kingdom. In view Of this fact, il asks her Majestys
government to meet the liberulity Of the United
States with reciprocal liberaty. And, ad-
dtional reason for granting the request it points
to the present commercial policy of the two nations,
founded professedly on the principle of reciprocity;
and it invites her Majesty's government to extend
the principle still further and treat the commerce
of the United States literally MS the United
States treat the commerce Of the United Kingdom.
The undersigned trusts that no question will arise
in regard to any supposed incompleteness in tho
tual application OF that principle Of reciprocity in
matters Of navigation, contained in the Act IL and
IL Nic, c. - to render necessary the discussion for
which tiseOunt Palmerston expresses the readiness
Of her Majesty's government.
The undersigned has great pleasure in learning
that the expediency of adopting such course as
that Of the United States has been. from time to
time, suggested, and renews the expression of the
way to remove or to tighten this burden, which
now falls so heavily on the commerce Of the United
States. The undersigned, Sc.
AnnoTr LAWRENCE.
vIscoT'Nr PALMERsToN TO MR. LAWRENCE
FoIEIGH OFFICE, Feb. II, 1851.
The undersigned, Sc, has the honor to inform
Mr. Lawrence, &c., that he has received, and ha,
referred to the proper department of her Majestys
government, the note which Mr.. Lawrence address
ed to the Undersigned on the 18th inst. relative t,
the light dues which are levied on American ship.
ping in the ports Of the United Kingdom.
The undersigned, &c., PALMEEsroS.
India.
We have received adviccs in of the Over
land Bombay mail. The dates are--Bombay. Feb. 3:
Calcutta. Jan 25 There late adviccs from China
conhagraton occurred at langoon the 18th Of De
ccmber which nearly annhilated the city The loss it
has occasoned IL computed at 1900 600 The Governor
General expected to reach Pcshawur the Goth of
January. Ghoolab Singh has returned TO Jsmoo There
have been floods in the rivers and tremendous rains in
the northwest provinces with heavy falls Of at
lately captured by the Rohlahs the 23d of Jan
invested by 20OO0 of the contingent, with heavy siege
train under Irigader Beatson. The force
whemng that the Rohllahs expected to surrender
without resistance Sir Napier reached Malta the
18th ult, on his way to England.
Egypt.
Our advices from Alexandria are to the 2lst ut.
The yccroy, Abbas pasa. and his council at Cairo.
busly engaged about the introduction Of form Of
sttution for the government Of Egypt by
the Sultan to be adopted the footing as at Con-
ton Of commercial and political affairs and the several
consus have been called upon to give their advice. Ii
would at first sight good thing many of the
old depotc customs Of the country abrogatcd and the
rights Of the people respected but many think that
the people Of Egypt still in too dark and unciyzed
to be ruled by any other than purely despotic
them they would turn ii into extravagant licen
tiousnes and the country would become unsafe to
live in.
The condition Of the cuvaors Of the land in Egypt l.
decidedly improving for they are now allowed to grow
their produce and dispose Of for their account
They do not yet feel much security for they
get back to their villages with the result Of their sales
they bury their money but in very few years the
theirs will not be forced away from them and they will
turn their money to advantage in lieu Of consgnng it to
the Garth
The contrast between the Of Egypt and any pro-
vince in the Ottoman Empire Is very striking In Egypt
traveller may through any part Of the country with
out the slightest apprehension for his personal safety
while in Turkey and Syria mismanagement and gross
populations Gil the part Of the authorities prevail every
where and the people ground down to great misery
Mehemet Ali hey, the youngest Of the late Mehcmct
Ali Pasha enticed. doubt by temptations from the
sultan wished to to Constantnopc to reside there;
but ON family council being convened by Abbas Pasha
it decided that IL better for the young prince
remain in Egypt their fears being that the dcas that
would be nscd into his mind at Conta ntinoplc would
at future time, create ds-entions among the family
Specimens OF every article Of the produce Of Egypt
cloths and instruments Of all descrptons-are to be
sent 10 England by the next steamer for the great exh
btion.
by accounts from Arabia IL appears that the Sultans
troops have subjected the whole Of the country between
Sanaa and the sea Ap expedition had also been made.
but without success to Macullah the OF adr
mant.
Foreign Miscellany.
SCREW STEAMERs.-We have more than once
directed attention to the great revolution screw
steamers are destined to effect in our mercantile
marine, and every week gives strength to our con-
victions. The disaster which befe the Great Bri-
tain, though her only fault was that she overran
her commander, gave screw steamers check for
time, but they are now rapidly augmenting, and
performing their voyages with great regularity.
The Arno, one Of this class of vessels arrived last
evening, in five days and sixteen hours from Glib
raltar. Before the year closes, we shall have one,
If not more, between this port and Chagres, and,
ms the railroad thence to Panama will be COM
plcted by that time, for the contractors are pro-
ceeding energeticaly with their work, with view
to opening before the 3lst Of December, this route
will materially facilitate the transmission Of our
textile fabrics from this country to the west coast of
America. In few years we expect to find not only
every ocean and sea traversed by English screw
there is port Of any extent Of trade, entered by
those from Liverpool America Is proverbial for
her clipper sailing ships, owing to the popularity
Of her California and China trades, for the nature
on, gives clipper ships an especial Advantages but,
believing that screw steamers will become best
adapted to all trades that can afford TO pay fair
for outward freghts, they will ulti-
ia'ely uisPiaVe INC chPPcr sailing 'esSei. Every
year diminshcs the expenses Of screw steamers,
from the greater certainty Of coaling at intcrme-
date ports ut reduced costs for let screw steamers
be but once established any route. and the coal
ing depots will be created, a matter Of course
by other interests. Our feeling would be more
zealously enlisted were Liverpool whose position i
peculiarly favorable for the building Of iron steam
crs making efforts to secure for herself her fair
portion OF their construction, instead Of allowing
the Clyde to have nearly the entire building to It.
self Even joint stock company would be prefer
able to inactivity. 1ibion.
NAVY OF SwEDEN.-Accoriing to an official
statement, recently published the mercantile navy
of Sweden consists Of Dos sailing vessels, and ~
two Of which, the BcrEelius and Thule,
are Of iron. These male total of PSI vessels the
collective tonnage of which Is $3.50. They are
distributed among the various ports as follows;-
Gothenburg, $50; Calmar, l27; Stockholm. ll6;
Gefe, 107; Udewalla, %; Cortland. 90: Malmoe,
81 llernosand, Al; Carlshaurm, %; Carlskrona,
IL; and remaining ports, lj6 At Motala two |