The New York herald., 1851-11-18
Division OF California.

TIE proposed division of the State OF California is
Of the most important domestic questions cf the
! day Itis new question. It is no small question
Nor is i. merely local question. Ii is a national
question, and may possibly turn out to be sectional
question, involving the issue of the admission of
slavery into, its exclusion from, the territory
to be ereeed out Of the southern half of the pre-
sent State Of California.
As we have heretofore declared, the division o:
California, sooner or later, is inevitable The only
question Of doubt is the time. But from the move
ments of the people in the southern counties, there
is every prospect that the work will in effect be
accomplished in the interval to the approaching
Presidential election. County conventions have
been held at several points in the southern section
Of the State, and the incipient steps to general
convention Of all the southern counties have been
taken. The material officially is the consent of the
Legislative to the division desired by the south,
the majority of both houses being fron the north
ern part of the State, ard in favor, matter Of
local policy, Of keeping the commonwealth intact.
But If the south are resolved upon it, the project
must succeeds for it is not in the nature OF our nsti
tutions to dregs the wishes and the interests of
the people who are directly concerned in a move
ment Of this kind ard under such circun stances as
these. The case is peculiar; but apprehend little
difficulty in the Legis sture, if the southern coun-
ties dem and The privilege Of setting Up territory
to themselves.
From the address Of the Monterey delegation to
their constituents-which we publish this m ,rnng
at lengtt-the following are among the reasons
urged for division OF the State -
That the mining counties Of the north containing the
Has Of the population Of the sate, pay very small pro-
That the burdens Of tsxstion fan upon the farmers
grazers. and landholders Of the south
That the Sate is in deb, 70 the extent Of 100000;
that the cities Gnd counties O. the northern section are
also Involved and that the lrotptet is addition 10
the exaeticIs upon the south.
That they desire 70 escape the partial and runous ls
estion Of rah ard gnorent politicians fand mongers,
stoek,jobbers, ard speculators
That frc the extent Of the surface of the State Il will
be next 70 impossible to make lava Of general nature
which viii net be injurious TO y pastoral interests II
! TIC fuutnerE counties.
These are strong arguments in favor of separa-
tion from The northern section, and the establish
nGrt Ct distinct territorial government in the
southern counties. The extert Of the surface Of
California is an nsuperabe ipe diment to Is con-
tinuance under single state government. From
south 10 north, the state extends through ten de-
grees Of latitude. A straight line eastward from its
southern extremity at San Diego, would strike
through the hear. OF Georgia while similar line
/ fom it's northern boundary eastward to the Allan
u
liornia therefore embraces all the diversities Of
climate that exist between Massachusetts, aud Geor-
sia, and even greater extremes. The products Of
| the northern section are those Of the middle At
lantie States, the general tone Of the Pacific eoas
being considerably milder than tae Atlantic sea-
beard; but the southern counties pro luce grapes,
olives, tobacco, and are no doubt susceptible Of rice
ard cotton, to great proG.. The gold business,
Irw h.
while the comparatively thialy populated counties
Of the south occupied by farmers, grazers, ard
dealers in CATTLE horScs ard mules. 1t Is impossi-
be that aterilory exten,ive. and comprehendipg
local interests 30 diverse and distinct. can much
longer remain under the jursde,ion Of one state
government. Tie movement for division will
doubtless be prosecuted til the object is a,com.
flished.
At that pcint, Interesting Iie,e Of work will be
required Of Congress. Once separated from the
state, the southern division Of California will re-
quire territorial government and as 1. is under.
stood that a considerable number ot slaves have
already been ntrodu ed into this territory and a.
rs climate aEd soil are well adapted to tas pro-
duets oftlave labor the question arises, bow will
Congress act in the premises They viii no. dare
to apply the Win Of yr3yisc; they canaot very
sell recognise the existence Of slavery in the new
terri;ory Sld u they leave It 70 the people them.
selves, they will tad {. convenient to introduce
few slaves, more or iess, to 10 ID, rough work upon
theirlargc eststes In this event, within fes years
sn application may be expected fyr tso admission
tfa new state into the Uniln-a new slave state
On the Pscia, coast. a thing of Ibis sort w9ulJ,
~ d5ubt, SIR up q rumlus among the nallia.rs
and tie abotiopists, f9r swoie: but there iscycry
- .f- s.f-f. 4
vits or without slavery as tic people of the ter
ri,ory nay have elected. The admission Of another
slave state would give the south an sqsilibHum
/ in 'he Senate. ws.ch would be an oti-ct of vast
ccnlcquenoe 20 the protection of Southern inst.u.
| tot', in view ,f tie Unsuitable malgaity Of the
/ a.ol.tiou traitors Of The North
Hence, wc rei,orats tae opinion That the move
ment in Caifornia for division Of that state, Is
I Cne q The highest .pogtsnce. A division z.uid
oDQuesii0nabiy be adyuntageousto both sections Of
the country now embraced in tie s:ate. We can
anticipate no other ftsui. from The pres.at move.
Hsnt than division, aud separate territory in
the south What will Congress ~ . WHAT dis
position will be made OF TIE slavery question if
this southern territory should ask to b. admitted
as slave state VIII the South overlook this
question IN the Presid entail contest, and similar
question in regard to the division Of Texas Per-
haps rct. 90 the other hand, we may safely cal-
,csie upon a snficiert quantity Of work being cat
cut to try The Moth upon the merits Of another
couWCn.-e
NEsriss Foa a CATHOLIC UNivsesrrY ~ IaE-
LAND. EscH of Arcurrsuor lIc8HEs To NIGHT.
-Ihi. evening. g the hall Of the s.1yvesa1t Ia-
..i.u'e, a ncelirg vi1 be held Tor t5e purpose Ct
aFIfe.irr r-npa'hy vi.h the ofsr. Of TIE Ca
lcH.a ca LELAND Co cs-7brh uri7srrity for them