The New York herald., 1851-07-15

compare the laws of their respective growths in re-
laton to each other and to the rest of the world.
The population of Great Britain-Of course not in
| clucipg lreland-is as follows -
Great Britain and
Seas. .2o.s1o5s1 lOls48s7 1o7s4s4i
Scotland -. @ assS,ssi i,sss,sss ,5S7,1ss
London s5ssi sf ,lSs,s5a Ssa ,asssss ssss
| In the United States the population last year
Free ststes-Free. 1883, 1928
- 80" Slave. Observation-Disclosures. ll9
eave etates-rree Observation-Disclosures. 6393,751
Slave. Observation-Disclosures. 3,175.7S2
Territories Free. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. l60,824
Slave. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 3,6S7
Total. :.................. 1929, ,4e8
Assumir {, as We may fairly do, that the popula-
tion Of Ireland will be found not less than 900,
| and that Of Canada, Australia, the Cape and
other Of our colonial settlements 500 OOO we shall
| then have grand total of men speaking the same
language, and manifesting the same genera al ten
dencies in civilization, of 560O0,OO0. Deduct from
these figures the three millions of negro slaves in
the United States, and we have q remainder of
53, 1000, 900 of men chiefly Of Anglo Saxon descent
and deeply impregnated with its sturdy qualities
of heart and brain, as the representatives. Of this
advancing stock.
Fifty three miiens! Two centuries ago there
were not quite three millions of this race on the
face of the earth. There are million more per-
guage at the present moment in Europe, than there
were in Europe and America of this cOnquering and
colonizing people in the time Of Cromwell. How
vain then, for men to talk of the political necessity
Anglo-Saxon race did not exceed IL 900 900 in
Europe and America. At that time it was not nu-
merically stronger than the Poles. Thirty years
ago it counted only thrty-four millions being al
together only three millions AMI fraction more
than the population of France at that me,-and
conside -ably less than the Teutonic population Of
Central Europe. In 1851 it is ahead Of every civil
lzed race in the world. Of rac,s lying within the
zones of ofcivilization the Sclaves alone are
merous, counted by heads but comparatively few
Of this plastic and submissive stock have yet eseap
energy, and cultivation, they are not to be com.
pared with the Frank the Teuton, and the Anglo
Saxon. Number is almost their only element of
| strength. Of all the races which are now striving
for the mastery Of the world-to impress the fu
ture Of society and civilization the stamp Of its
character and genus-to make its law, idiom,
| gon, manners, government, and opinion prevail
possibly have been crushed, absorbed, trsmpled
| out, like Hungary and Poland by stronger hordss
is gone by forever. That it was possible at one
time for this people to be subdued by violence, or
to fall prey to the slower agonies of Decline there
can be little doubt In 1850, the United Provinces
seemed more likely to make q grand figure in the
world sfuture history than England. Their wealth,
posing in E Europe. TRSy % had T ali T the U1t Carrying
trade Of the west in their hands. Their Language
was spoken in every port. In the great Orient
| their empire was fixed and their influence para
mount England was then hardly known abroad.
Her difficult idiom grated on foreign ears, and her
stormy coasts repelled the curiosity Of more cul-
tivated travellers. Had the thought of day ar
| irving when any single European language would
be spoken by millions of persons, scattered over
| the great continents Of the earth from New Zea-
land to the Hebrides, and from the Cape Of Storms
| to the Arctic Ocean, occurred to any speculative
L ind Ilufah n0li ah akah hlv havA
assigned the marvellous mission. Yet, Holland has
been the tongue to which he would have fallen
| nearly as much as the Saxon has risen in the
| scale of nations. Her idiom is now acquired by
few. Her merchants conduct their correspondence
and transact thor business in French or in English.
Even her writers have many Of them clothed their
genius in foreign garb On the other hand, our
literature and language have passed entirely out
Of this phase Of danger. Dutch, like Welsh,
| Flemish, Erse, Basque, and other idioms, is doomed
to perish as an intellectual medium; but whatever
may be the future changes of the world, the tongue
| Of Shakespeare and Of Bacon is now too firmly
| rooted ever to be torn away. No longer content
with mere preservation, 1t aims at universal ma stery
Gradually IT is taking session of all the ports and
coasts of the world; isolatng all rival idioms-
shutting them up fro intercourse with each other
making itself the channel of every communication
At hundred points at II plays the aggressor.
| IL contends with Spanish on the frontiers Of Mex
| co-drives French and Russian before IL in Canada
and in the Northern acknowledgements sede,
| Dutch a. the Cape and Natal-elbows Greek and
Italian at Malta and in the Ionian Islands-usurpi
the right Of Arabic at Suez and Alexandria-main
tains itself supreme at Liberia, Hong Kong, Ja
maica, and IT. Helena-6ghts its way against mul
tiiudinous and various dialects in the Rocky Noun
tains, in Central America, on the Gold Coast, in
the interior Of Australia, and among the countless
| islands of the Eastern Seas. No other language Is
| Spreading In this way. French and German find
students among cultivated men; bat English per-
nanently destroys and -upersedes the idioms with
| which IL comes in contact.
The relative growth Of the two great Anglo
Saxon States is note. worthy. In 1901, the popula
tion Of Great Britain was l0,9t2,646; in 1900,
that of the United States was 5,3l9, 762 or not
quite half. In 1880, the population Of the United
States is two millions and a third more than that o
Great Britain IN 1851; at this moment IL probably
exceeds II by three millions. The rate Of deccnnia
increase in this country Is less than 10 per cent
| while in America IL is about 30 per cent. In the
great Continental states the rate Is co asiderably
lower than in England. According to the progres.
Of the last fifty years In Franc CO snd in Ameri;a,
be United States will have the larger population 10
| lo'0-in 1870, they viii exceed those of England
France, spain, Portugal, Denmark, Sweden, and
| Switzerland combined Prudent Statesmen should
bear these facts in mind Many persons now alive
may zee the time when America will be Of more i'm.
poItence to us socially, commercially, and politi-
cally than all Europe put together Old diplomatic
traditions will 90 i,f little IN the face Of trans
atlantic power numbering lOO,o00,O00 Of free and
energetic men OF our own race and blood
The American returns exhibit 10 us another eH-
tremely interesting festure-the process by which
nature herself is gradually working out the vexed
| question Of slavery. Every one is aware that in
the United States political power is based on popu-
laton. With them the taking of census Is q
political event Of serious Importance; according
to the return Of living souls in each State its con-
| gressional rank Is regulated. Every ten years
some changes are made in the distribution Of
| rover. Votes arc taken from one State and
transferred to another. BY the law Of 1872, every
| 10,Ge0 must have q representative. The number
has been altered several times, but the figure has
! m for n
stsntly passes to the most prosperous. In looking
to the future, Is therefore necessary to observe
which States are growing fastcst-which slowcst.
| The present number of slave States is fifteen Of
free States, sixteen. These numbers are ixed but
the number Of representatives which they seve-
rally entitled to send to Washington IL continually
varying. The arrangements following on the re-
turn Of the new census cause a difference Of six