davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
MOUNTAIN HOTEL,
MORGANTON, Burke Co. NC.

Ara THE Subscriber thankful for the very liberal pat
ronage heretofore received, would now inform the
TIR.AT.ELLLNG PUBLIC
that his House is still open, and that his
Heretofore limed) are now enlarged He has erected
row of Offices for Professional gentlemen, together
with commodous HOTEL all of which is entirely
The location of the MOUNTAIN HOTEL commands
The finest view of the mountain in the places and
is removed from the noise and uproar of Courtyard
and the Public Square, and yet sufficiently for all
the purposes of business.
The subscriber promises to spare pains to provide
the invalid comfortable Summer Retreat and gen.
tlemen of pleasure and business desirable Boarding
House. ]. M. HAPPOLDT.
Morganton, July rs, 1850. ss6-ly.a
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
.Ve1U Books.

loot Prints of the Creator 81 rs.
L The Home Altar by Rev. Charles F. Deems, IS cts.
The Eminent Dead or Triumph of Faith in the Dying
Hour, 81 90
The Angel World, Poem by Philip James Bailey,
Author of Festus, so cts.
Life of John Randolph of Roanoke by Hugh A. Garland
2 vol. Muslin, $3.50.
History OF the Polk administration by Lucien B. Chase,
$3.50
Annals fthe Queens of Spain by Mrs Annea George,
vol. cloth so.
Lives of Literary and Scientific Men OF America,
$I,OO.
Ways OF the Hour by ]. Fenmore Cooper, 81 ,25
The Lily and the Fatom of the Huguenots in Florida
by w. Gilmore Simms.
Life here and there by N P. Willis.
The Vale of Cedars by Grace Aguilar.
The Earl's Daughter, by Rev. w. Sewell.
Just received and for sale by
POMEROY s. O'NEAL.
December 9, 1850. I3-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
NOTICE..

- THE Subscriber, successor to Cooke and
ISN\ Buffaoe in the Livery business, will continue
A(A its Operations in all its branches at his Stable
on W ilmIngon Street, aud socits the patronage of his
old friends and the public generally. s.. .....
His prices must be arranged agreeaby to the prices Of
produce and labeur and will be from and after the Isl
day of February next, as follows,
Pairs of horses per month $lS 90
Single do do 10 90
do do week so
do do day rs
Quarterly settlements will be required in all in
Stances ard persons having horses in my
requested to take them away Immediately, if unwilling
to comply with all the above conditions.
JERE. NIXON.
January %, 1851. "a
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
JANU AR 1851.

HENRY D. TURNER has this day received the fol
lowing elegant Works suitable for Presents, &c.
The Pathways and Abiding places of our Lord, with
20 engravings on Steel Women of the Old Testament.
Reeds Female Poets of America illustrated with grav
ngs Id Examinations. The life of Christ by Rev. H.
Hastings Weld. Washington Irving's Sketch Book.
Tales of Traveller. Oliver Goldsmith & Knickerbock-
er New York With engravngs from designs by Darley
Proverbial Philosophy, 4to l6 engravngs, l2mo IL.
The Winter Bloom, with brilliant Iumnations in Oil
coors American Female Poets. By Caroline May
IL Illustrations British Geo. w. Bethune
l2 Illustrations.
ALL THE ANIMALS FOR 1851.
Leaflets of Memory, Gem of the Season.
The Keepsake, Cabinet of Modern Art
The Iris, The Snow Flake,
Gems of Beauty, The Christmas Tribune
Token of Friendship, Keepsake of Friendship,
Friendships Offering, Temperance Offering
Bibles and Prayer Books of every edition and style OF
binding.
A splendid assortment of Juvenile Books Games, &c.
Raleigh January II, 1851. %
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
NO. 3d.
NOTICE.

NHE citizens of Raleigh hereby invited to enroll
their names as members of Fire Company, accor-
ding to the provision of an act of Assembly, entitled
for the better protection of the City of Raleigh from
losses by Fire. Persons disposed to volunteer as mem-
bers of the will furnish the City Constable with
their before Saturday the 22d of February
1851 on which day, if the prescribed number (forty)
have previously volunteered draft will be made from
the whole number OF citizens to supply the deficiency
Members of the Fire Company exempt by act of
Assembly from Military duty during their of
vice. except in case of hostile invasion.
WIN. DALLAS HAYWOOD, Lntemdant.
Raleigh, Feb A, 1851. 27@d.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
New Watch and Jewellery Store.

New Watch and Jewellery Store.
@ W. H. THOMPSON Would respectfully in
E form the citizens ofRslegh and its vicinity, that
ESsi4he has opened choice stock of
Watches and JeWelry,
in part of the Store occupied by Mrs. Thompson
Millinery establishment where he offers for sale Gold
and Silver watches, warranted correct time keepers
the latest styles of
Fashionable JeWelry,
such as Guard Vest and Fob Chains Cameo stone and
mourning Breaches; Plain, Chased and Stone Rings
Gold Pens and Pencils Gold and Silver Thmbles; Studs
Collar and Sleeve Buttons Ear Rings Gold and Silver
Spectacles &c., Fancy Goods and Fine Cutlery, all Of
which will be sold cheap. Watches Clocks and Jewel
y repaired in superior STYLE Old Gold and Silver taken
in exchange
Sept. 81, 1s49. 7T-6m.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
House and Lot for sale.

TTHHE Subscriber wishing to remove South. will sell
the House and Lot where he now lives, Containing
about seveneghths of of ground Attached is an
excellent well of water, with the necessary outhouses
the place is we'll suited for small family Persons wish
ing to purchase such place know the partic rs
by calling the subscriber at Mr. o. L. Burche's Shoe
Store. ae ]. TERRY
January, lS, 1851. 950-St
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
PETERSBURG, September go. 1850.
Samuel H. Marks,

WKT OULD respectfully inform his numerous friends
w and customers that he is receiving per sun
dry Steamers and Packets the Northern cities his
usual large and varied assortment of CONFECTlON-
ARIES, FANCY ARTICLES, Cigars, &C, which ad-
ded his stock before hand and the regular weekly
supply of fresh domestic FRUITS. renders
his assortment particularly worthy the attention o
country dealers.
In the line of IGARS he 1aters himself that he can
larger stock and finer assotment and at
rates, than any other house in the trade.
Petersburg Sept. 25th, 1850.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
P. F. PESCUD,
VIII eSa le and RafaiI nrmDpiSf

Wholesale and Retail Druggist
FAYErrEvILLE ST. RALEIGH, N. G.
nFFERS for cash, approved credit, at the lowest
\Jmarket prices, large and well selected assortment
of East India, Mediterranean and European
DRUGS AND MEDICINES,
French, English and American Chemicals,
Foreign and Domestic Soaps.
Perfumery, Paints and Oils,
Fancy Articles, Dye Stuffs,
Fancy Soaps, Druggists Labels,
Brushes, Window Glass,
Extracts, Surgical Instruments
Trusses, Druggists Glass Ware,
Leeches, Shakers Herbs and Roots,
PURE BRANDY, MADEIRA, SHERRY and PORT WINES,
Selected for Medicinal purposes.
Sands Sarsaparilla, Wistar's Balsam of Wild Cherry
Gray's Ointment, Beckwith's Pills, Ayers Cherry
PICTORIAL, Doctor Wileys Cough Candy, Cen
uine Cod Liver Oil, together with every
article comprising the stock of Ply
sician Druggist.
April z, 1850. sO9-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Yet Alive
Ar nHB GHEAP GASH Sn0RB.
SELLING OEE AT COST
Yet Alive

a LARGE Stock of new and fashionable Dry Goods
q OF the latest Styles and Patterns. Also large
assortment oi Shoes, Boots Hats, Caps, Bonnets, Cot
Ton Iarn, HARDWARE, Cutlery, Double and Single Bar
rel rel Guns and Pistols The purchaser will from
heen 10 twenty per by calling at this Store before
purchasing ELSEWHERE, as am determined to sell out
removing South the following Spring. You will find
me at the vel known corner Store formerly occupied
streets Bear this in mind T. CREECH
Raleigh, Nov 20, 1850.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
HENRY GERHARDT,

MBReHANT pATI0R,
SgHITkEFIELD, Johnston Co., North CdrO9tr0
NHE subscriber would respectfully inform his friends
and the public generally, that he has on hand large
and rich supply of
Cloths. Cassimeres, Vestings, and Trimmings
of all and that he is prepared to execute work in
the best manner and at moderate prices
He also has hand superior lot of
Ready-Made Clothing,
consisting of CIoaks Overcoats, Business Goats, Vests
Pantaoons lambs wool Shirts, &C., which he will dispose
of on the most accommodating terms.
He solicits call from those in want of Clothing as
he is determined to give good bargains, and to do his
work in the best and most approved style.
HENRY GERHARDT.
Smithfeld, October l4th 1850. s37-3m.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Raleigh and CASTOR Rail Road.

A MEETING of all those interested in the recon-
~ struction of the Raleigh and Castor Rail Road,
the provisions of the Act passed at the last
session of the Legislature for that purpose will be held
at the Court House in Raleigh on Tuesday, the 25th
instant at IL o'clock for the purpose of taking the
into consideration
A pu unctual attendance is requested by
THE COMMISSIONERS.
Raleigh, Feb. IL, 1851. %
Petersburg South Side Democrat and the nelligencer
will please copy. Also, the Norfolk papers, aa
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Baltimore Piano Mandatory.
Important improvement.

Important Improvement.
ELASTIC UNIVERSAL TOUCH
U7ISE & BROTHER Manufacturers of Boudor,
w Square and Grand Pianos, request those wanting
first Insrument-one that Ladies perform
with the greatest possible advantage that is chase of
style, of superative touch and tone, that will stand in
tune, and last life time, to call and for
themselves sample Instrument at the Agents office
DIR. w. r. ScoTT's.
These Instruments in general use in the City
among the first critics of and science and to whom
have the honor of referring See the manufacturers
circulars, which may be obtained of the Agent All In
struments warranted five years.
]. ]. WISE & BRO.
DIR. w. R. SCOTT, Agent.
Raleigh, Jan. IL, 1850. 20-6m.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
NEW BOOT AND SHOE STORE
MD LII


WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
TNHE undersigned, having formed copartnership,
/ der the firm and style of
VIM RS. j Johnson g. Co,
for the purpose of conducting Wholesale and Retail
Boot and Shoe business in the City of Petersburg, will
offer early in February large and varied of
all articles usually embraced in the Shoe trade. They
have taken the the side of Sycamore Street.
two doors below the house of Messrs Paul & Mc1l-
waine. Purchasing their goods for cash. they will be
abled to sell on the most accommodating terms to cash
paying or punctual customers They will also pay par
tcuar attention the Wholesale Trade and invite
chants and other wholesale dealers examine their stock
before buying elsewhere. They will also keep hand
an assortment of all articles in their line well suited
retail custom, and respectfully solicit call from their
friends and the public generally.
..-- WIN. R. JOHNSON,
...... SAMUEL B. PAUL.
B- Being in the employment of Messrs. William R
Johnson & Co., respectfully invite call from my friends
vnd former patrons. PETER w. ALFRIEND.
N. B. s. B. Paul continues to practice Law, and
NAV be found athis Office Messrs Dunn & Spencer
Petersburg, January TO- 1851. 2l-2m.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
A NEW BOOK STORE.
P0NTBR0Y' G. 0'MEAI,

No. l6, Fayetteville Street, Opposite the Post Office,
RALEIGH, N. C.
a RE now receiving extensive assortment of Law,
n Medical, Theological, Miscellaneous and School
Books generay-A nnusls and choice Books for Pres
ehs Novels, Stationary Of all kinds which SELL
ing at the very lowest prices, and which conf
dent will give satisfaction. Call and examine.
W. L. POMEROY,
J. w. O'NEAL.
December 9, 1850. l3-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
FEMALE CLASSICAL INSTITUTE.
HILLsBoRoUGH SrREET,)
RALEIGH. N, G.

REV. BENNETT T. BLAKE, Principal
Mr.. W. G. DoUB, A. NJ, Professor of Mathematics
and Ancient Languages.
KARL W. PETERs1L1A, Professor of Music.
Mns. LUcr M. PErERsI11A, Teacher of Drawing and
Painting.
TWENTY-FIVE Young Ladies can be accommo-
Il dated with board in the family of the Principal.
These will receive all the attention. and enjoy all the
comforts of private family.
The course of study is well digested, thorough and
extensive The entire expense pupil will be
ed by the payment of One Hundred Dollars in advance
for session of five months. This will include Board
and Tuition, with Music, French, Latin Greek Mathe-
mates, Drawing and Painting.
Taken separately, the charges will be as follows:
Board per session of five months, $50 90
Tuition in the Classical Department, 90 90
Tuition in the English Department. Is 90
Music on Piano Guitar, 20 90
Drawing and Painting, 10 90
Painting in oil Colours, Is 90
French, 10 90
The Pupils will be regularly instructed in Vocal Mu-
sic, without further charge.
The Session for 1851 begins 9th January, 1851.
B. T. BLAKE, Principal
Raleigh, Nov 8, 1850. 4-tf
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Vo1 FOR THE WORLDS FAIR!

rF0ceS
oraI;ped purpose of visiting the "Worlds Fair g
lT and providing oneself with suficiency for
,aanes and comforts of this life, is offered to
t Tue P'ITe bv those " orld renowned prize sellers.
PYFER & co.
No I LIGHT STREET, BALTIMORE, MD.
po.d the list of Brilliant Prizes sold the last month,
bsn hesitate to launch upon the of Fortune would
n m court fowns of adversely, rather than the SMILES
of the Goddess Fortune
Vi vi" PRIZES! PRIZES: PRIZES!
Nos IS 81 the splendid prize of 1866, IN pack
aqe of Half Tickets, sent to Tennessee.
Nos SO As 56 S25 900, sent to South Carolina.
Nos, % 4s rs $4,000, sent to Ohio.
Nos II 10 80 Half 5000, sent to North Carolina.
Nos "a "a Half, $4,000, sent to North Carolina.
Nos Al A 63 Quarter $4,000, sent to Pennsylvania
Nos. l l6 10 Quarter $4,000, sent to Virginia.
Nos AZ Sc rs Quarter $26OOO sold to an old cor
respondent living in Virginia
The above are only some of the larger Prizes sold
Thousands of dollars besides have been paid for przes
ranging from $4,000 to $IO0, by
PYFER co.
No. Light Street, Baltimore, Md.
Delay not! But embrace the present opportunity of
securing to yourself Fortune by investing in some one
o more of the
Brilliant Schemes for February, 1851.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
To all
NAV concern.

BALTIMORE January "A, 1851.
II HEREBY give notice. that no person has right 70
sell Bucks Patent Cooking Stove" in the State Of
North Carolina, except my authorized agent, the
same unless purchased of me my agent, being the
sole proprietor of the Patentrght for said State by
tentee recorded in u. S. Office in Liber W.
page H. And further that will prosecute all persons
infringing said patent. ... .s
BURR PECK.
N. B.-JosEPH WoLTERIN6, of Raleigh, N. c., Is my
only authorized agent
BURR PECK.
February 8, 1851. 2s-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Blank Warrants

Blank warrants
TOR Sale the Standard Office, printed on fine white
I paper. Also. Deeds for Land Job Printing of all
sorts executed with and despatch and fair
orms.
May LIST, 1850. s0s-tf
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Dress and Froc k Coats.

WTE have OH hand beautiful assortment Of Black
w Dress and Frock Goats for twenty dollars gotten
up by ourselves and cannot be bought where else in
the United States for the money. Recoect that. We
have also fancy Frock and Dress Goats for een six
teen and eighteen dollars the like of which never
was known before OLIVER & PROCTER.
Merchant Tailors.
Raleigh. Nov 9. S42-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
New Books.

New Books.
'hENCH on the Miracles-$I rs; Mothers Recon-
acPie Piense being Sequel to H me Influence by Grace
ALSO,
b Sppy OF the Life of John Randolph, of Roanoke,
~ iiuen A. Garland-$2 so. This day received by
January ls, 1851, - o.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22

7 AMP OIL, Burning Fluid, and Phosgene Gas; .
IL good supply expected by next freight Train.
P. F. PESCUD.
Raleigh. Nov. 81, 1850. g
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22

Correspondents will please bear in mind that the
prices of Packages of Quarter Tickets only are pub
ished in this paper.
The Printed official drawings which Correspondents
rely upon being correct, always forwarded
from Pyfer & Co.'S.
Bank Drafts Certificates of Deposit payable in Gold
at sight, will be promptly remitted to those COrrespon
dents who draw prizes at Pyfer & Co.'S.
Remember-A Package of Tickets, can draw four of
the most splendid prizes in scheme.
In order to Fortune, and the cash immediate
y after the result is KNOWN the readers of this paper
have only remit cash Drafts prize tickets to the Old
Established far famed and truly fortunate Exchange and
Lottery Brokers,
PYFER & CO.
No. l, Light Street, Baltimore, Md.
January %, 1851. s4s-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Perfumed Matches
Colds Colds.

WNHOSE who suffering with Coughs and Colds
IL will find at my Store DR.. Wiles Cough Candy
Jujube Paste, Wistars Lozenges, Wistar's Balsam o
Wild Cherry, Barthoomew's Cough Syrup, Jaynes Ex-
p-ctoran, Cod Liver OIL, Syrup of Naptha, and many
other remedies for diseases of the Lungs and Chest
P. F. PESCUD.
December 4, 1850 To-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22

Fine Fancy Cass. Pants.
OUR Stock ofFancy Cashmere Pants. cannot be beat
~ E. L. HARDING o.
Raleigh, Nov. IL, 1850. -
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Catch the Runaway.

TTNHE Subscriber will be thankful to any person who
will catch his negro boy, La0so Said boy is lurk-
ing somewhere in Swift Greek District in the neighbcr
hood of the Edwards I hereby caution all persona
against harbong La,uso under the penalty of the law
ALLEN MAYNARD.
Wake County, February II, 1851. 90 st pc.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22

Swords Pocket Almanac.
A ND Church Register, for 1851. Received this
Aday at TURNER'S
N. C. Book Store.
Raleigh, JAN ~, 1851 25-
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
LAW NOTICE.

n K McRAE, Gate of Raleigh,) has located in
J. Wilmington, and will attend the County ard Su-
perior Courts of Wayne and Dupln, and the Superior
Courts of Sampson and Cumberland.
February 1, 1851
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Lamps Lamps.

I HAVE just received large Stock of Lamps for
i Burning Fluid and Phosgene Gas. Some of which
bought at auction and viii be sold very low. Call
soon if you want bargains at
PESCUD'S Drug Store.
November 27. o.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Valuable Land for Sale.

Valuable Tract of Land containing 20s acres, lying
n between four and five miles West of Raleigh, on
both sides of Walnut Creek, and adjoining the land Of
Rev. Thos Meredith and Others will be sold reason
able TERMS
For further information apply to
M. A. BLEDSOE.
Raleigh, August 81, 1850. s29-7
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
Garden Seeds,
Builders COmpamiOn .

Builders COmPa niOm.
CONTAINING the Elements of Building, Surveying
~ and Architecture with practical Rules and Insruc
ions connected with the subject. By A. C. Smeaton,
Civil Engineer, &c. For Sale by ... .
HENRY D. TURNER,
Raleigh, Nov. 27, 1850. g.
North Carolina standard., 1851-02-22
A very Int eresting work.

A very HHG eTesGIHS "UTAs
TENHE Qneens of Scotland, by Agnes Strickland.
IL The Giant of Monthly 8, Harpers New Monthly
for February. Received this day by
HENRY D. TURNER.
Raleigh, February l1th. 1851. 20
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1851-11-15

land. There is not foot of free soil in this
conference.
8. The Ohio Confercnc embraces that por-
ton of kentucky south of the state of Ohio.
4. The India Conference includes that por-
ton of Kentucky south of Indiana.
5. The Illinois Conference embraces all Of
Kentucky, not included in the Ohio and Indi-
ana Conferences.
The three Conferences last named embrace
only tho southern portion Of the States after
which they arc named the northern parts be-
ing included in other Conferences.
8. The Missouri Conference embraces the
States Of Missouri and Arkansas, and the Ind-
sn territory west of them. which think is al
so wholly slaveholding. If such is the fact this
Conference is also entirely free from free terri
tory.
Z. Tue Baltimore Conference embraces all
Of virgiuia, not included in the other Confer
onccs and Part of Maryland.
8. The Philadelphia Conference includes
the eastern shores of Virginia and Maryland,
and all Of Delaware.
Thus, it appears, from their own documents
l. That they have moro than 23I, 900 square
miles of slave territory, besides that belonging
to the Indians, or about one third of their
whole area.
3 That eight, or nearly one-third of their
! Conferences, extend into their territory, and
therefore have more or less of shareholders
among their members.
! These are some Of the facts which show tho
connection, love, and fellowship between the
| NJ. L. Church and Slavery. Yet, notwithstan-
ding these facts, some are ALMOST offended a
the Wcslcyans nnd others, because they do not
believe the NJ. l.. Church is free from Slavery.
| exceedingly regret that they are not free from
it,and l doubt not many of thoir own members
regret it as much as l do, md would be glad
to. day to see Shareholders dealt with as other
sinners arc DO expelled If they would not re-
form. Although L pity them on account Of
their connection with Slavery, yet cannot, to
spare their feelings withhold the truth, lest tho
cause of righteousness should suffer. I pray
God to help them to sec the extent of their
moral responsibility, and also to apply the Cos
pei remedy. Yours, &c,
J.ALONzO GIBSON.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1851-11-15

Setting Himself Right
]. r. GIDDINGs.

Atarcccnt Wing caucus in Rochester, ~ Y,
n bunker minority unable to compass desired
object, concluded to throw away their votes, by
casting them for Frederick Douglass. To this
mockcry, Frederick responds as follows:
Gentlemen I'll have learned with some
surprise, that ia the Wing Convention held
in this city an Saturday last, you significd, by
yonr votes, a desire to make me your repre-
sentative in the Legislature Of this Stnte.-
Nyer having, at any time that | recollect,
thought, spoken, or acted, in any way, TO
commit myself to either the principles or
the policy Of the Wing pnrty but on the COLI
trary, having always held, and publicly ex-
pressed opinions diancuicully opposed 10
those held by that part of the Wing pnrty
which you are supposed TO represent, your
voting for me, an bound in courtesy to
suppose, is founded in misrepresentation Of
my political sentiments.
Lest you should, al any other time, commit
n similar blunder, beg to state, once for all
that do not believe that the slavery question
is settled, and settled forever. do not be-
lieve that slave-catching is either christian
duty, or an innocent amusement. do not
believe thut he who breaks the arm of the
! kidnuppcT, who wresis the trembling captive
| from his grasp, is IN traitor" do not be-
| lieve that Daniel Webster is tho savior OF the
Union, nor that the Union stands in neo
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1851-11-15

Wayfarcr, pause for late there stopped ana ie!l
One of Earth's mightcst, lottest minds; ana now
Stained and dishonored lies that ample brow.
Wherein the nations dreamed there slept a
spell,
To slay the ancient Fiend, who overthrew
Corinth, Athena, and wide. .grasping Rome,
With everySt where Freedom sought home,
Digged down her affairs, and her prophets
slew
All vainly gazed the nation on that brow;
Vainly they asked that kingly mind for aid
The now Iscariot Freedom trust betrayed
Go, passer by to men this warning tell:
The mightioSt, iettieI mind, ,co,nng Gods sISf'ee'
6eH! WHITTIER.