The New York herald., 1851-12-06

i
numb<r o st that time engaged 10 this pursuit
wss a7ise51; in manufactures. 79l7A9 and 10 com.
msrce III ot7 More than four ffths Of the entire po
pulation the efore employed in the cultivation Of
the soil At present Is believed that the proportion Is
st greater in consequence Of the change in the policy
of the government which has induced many to become
sgricuurists who were formerly engaged in manutsc-
lures And yet we lind that whilst large portion Of
the sessions Of every devoted to the protec
on and encouragement OF manufactures and commer,e
nothing has been done for sgricuture. Withina few
years after the adoption Of the constitution President
Washington to Congress the estabshm ent
Of Bureau Of Agriculture but nothing was dene to
carry his ommendstisn ints effect.
The subject has since been brought to the attention Of
Congress from time to time by executive communica-
tions reports Of the heads Of department and petitions
from the people, but without success.
As the results Of the late have furnished OH sia
evidence Of the Importance Of this interest and as We are
now st with all the world and fortunately relieved
hsvs 20 long ds.UrseS the ha%eny Of our ps legislative
assemblies, and withdrawn their attention from the
true interests Of the country Il seems to me that no
cure for this great subject candid and enlightened con-
siderstion.
tural Bureau present condemned statement Of the
duties which 1t should be required to perform II should
De Jn sns 10 S ana ~ @ o a.
its branches 1t should investigate every proposed i'm
provemen in the tage Of the earth in the constru
ton ofimplements Of husbandry 1t should collect from
and foreign countries every variety cseed fruit
plant and vegetable, and distribute them with full and
information to the soil climate aud mode OF
cultivation beet adapted to each Through ths agen, of
national ships and merchant vessels, arrangements
could be made for the importation OF ell the valuable
getabe productions and animals Of other countries This
would enable US to appropriate to ourselves the
cults Of ths wisdom, experience, and improvements Of
be rendered OF other countries for many st
ces which nov imported at great cost One or more
ed with the principles Of geology minsslogy chsmistry
and botany for the purpose Of investigating and re-
psrDg upon the character and properties ofsvsry ysr
adaptation to useful purposes To this buresu should
also be entrusted the duty experimenting taking
tying from year year all the .tatistiss information
which be obtained in respect to the agriculture,
manufaetures, commerce. tonnage, revenue sxpendi-
lures, financial and banking systems improvements
by railways, canals and roads industrial pursuits aud
general every State in the Union and Of the
fund Of useful knowledge which be obtained
would be always accessible to Congress and the Executive
can hardly be estimated Facts like these are the ground
work Of wise legislation In the Language of an
lghtened statesman OF Europe, Statistical knowledge
and without it it is impossible to realize the anelora-
oBe which necessary to the prosperity Of the
country whose interests are 80 dverred aud spread
euch wide extent Of territory to render it i'm
possible to hgaae wisely in regard to them without
thorough knowledge Of their value and relations to each
ether The information furnished by the returns Of
census is Of great Importance; but, when remember
that obtained but in ten years and that in the
intermediate time rapid changes going on and new
interests srnsng into existence and States added
sufficient fer the purposes government 1t should
be the duty Of the officers of the bureau keep
xn tns annual progress OF the nation and to present
statistical information to be derived from the proper
authorities Of each State.
England In connection with her Beard Of Trade, has
etatstical Bureau and Registrar General which keep
the government constantly advised OF the general
dien Of the country and the Illustrative of the
progress and wants Of each particular branch Of its
industry.
France has regarded the subject of agriculture Of so
ivurn m
take charge Of its interests She has also established
in connexon with 1t, bureau Of statistics, the result
Of whose labors are annually published for the nor
nation Of her government and people. There are also
less than twenty colleges in France established
der the pstronsse Of the government in which botany
zoology chemistry agc and the treatment Of the
diseases OF cattle the subjects Of instruction Com
nittees are ao employed constantly by the govern
ment In investigating all improvements connected with
agriculture, and in collecting and distributing seeds
plants vegetables ard fruits.
The publications Of the results Of the inquiries aud n
vestigstions Of these different agents Of the governmen
constitute the moet valuable contributions which have
been made to agricultural and statistical sciences and
avail myself this opportunity to say that the scknow
edgment Of this department due the Minister of
Agriculture for valuable collection OF seeds &c. which
ns has coureouy ss specimens Of the produc
Belgium the subject Of agriculture Is under the
specsl bureau. attached to which is an agricultural
council sting Of eighteen members tive o. whom
sppusy chosen BY each Of the nine proyinci. boards
There s Also sta stca bureau connected with the de
partmen under the direction Of one Of the most scen
&c men ID Europe.
Prussia has bureau Of statistics which vas establish
ed in 1906 sAd connected with the Department Of
Finance.
tries Of Europe also exhibited their high sppreca
tion Of this branch Of political science BY establishing
bureaus to collect and classify all the important facts
connected with the deveopement Of their aud
the condition and wants Of their people
The beneficial operation Of these in portant agencies
s IN IL: sy sns
introduced. and in the exact information which the
possesses Of the value and progress Of every
IN view Of these fses cannot but think tha. jus,
regard to the welfare Of our country requires that Con-
srsss ,hould lose further time in establishing
guest that you will again invite their attention to the
subject.
my last report stated that the initial point the
Pscinc and the point Of junction Of the GA With the
intervening line had been and marked, and tempo
rsry monuments erected thereon for distance about
The determination OF the geographical positions OF
the initial point the Pacific. and the psint Of
junction Of the Ga and Colorado rivers BY Major WIN
putting the szimuh Of the straight line Of bour Diary
connecting these two points The aximuth was COM
puted and laid Oh at both eIremitss Of the re, and
what REMAINED TO complete this western Pacific
tion the running and marking the liue artiaciay
upon the surface Of the earth.
to meet at Fl Ps'o appointed two ensineers from
each side TO complete this section Of the work Capt r.
L. Hardcsete was appointed and conducted the work
On the part Of the United States which completed
the l4th fJuly last The line throughout Its
whole extent lsbout $50 mles and s artiacsy marked
poppHspt ss7spsea iyst in b. sSt was placed e. the
initial point on the Pacihc cotst and six monuments
Of cast iron located at other points along the line
Ola and Colorado rivers one At the crossing o the Colo
rsdo where the line the enigrAnt trail the
desert one where II crosses the bed Of New river and
TIVE where IL crosses the two main roads leading into
Lower California