New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-11-14
RUSSIA.
The Social system.

In Russia there does not prevail that
marked dstlI ction between the modes Of life OF the
dwellers in town and country hch found in other
countries and the general freedom trade, which
Other nations IS still object OF exerOn, has exist
ed IN Russia sIDce long by gose period. strong
NAL ufacturlBg and industrial tendency prevails IN q
large portion OF Russia which, based upon the com
muDal system, has led 20 the formation of what
we may term national association factories" And
here again We find portion OF the ST SImonst the
ones OF social reform actually carried into practice
Operative Industry IN Russia Is not based on the
systs m Of each place having number Of workmen
Of different trades according 10 the amount of sup
ply required BY the immediate neighoornood alone
instead OF this. the articles are manufac-
iureC IN gross, In large quantities. and then brought
TO the markets for saie III detail. Hence the mar.
kets III Russia OF quite different nature from
those In most other countries. and one consequence
of the system Is that the national splrlt OF asso.
cisnon has, III course Of time, highly deyeloped
tseif. 1he tendency OF manufacturing industry Is
thus. for the most part, entirely communal the
inhabitants OF one village. for example, are all
shoemakers, III arother smiths IN a third tan
Ders only. and so on. A patural division of labor
thus prevails exactly as In factory. The members
OF NE commune mutually assist one another with
capital or labor purchases usually made in
common ana sales also Invariably. but they always
send their manufacturers IN a general mass to the
towns and market places where they have a COM
mon warehouse for their disposal. Besides this,
there exists 10 such thing A trade guild or COM
paDy. lor any restraint OF similar nature. AHy
member Of a commune can at pleasure abandon
TIE occupation he may be engaged ID, and take ND
another all that he has to do ia efectng the
change Is 10 quit the commune la which his
OLD trade is carried on. and repair 10 another
where his lew one Is followed. The cultivation
OF the soil IN general not very remunera-
tive, anc also can only be engaged m for a
Re" months m The year, whlrh are perhaps
The reason why the peasant IN Russia eylnces so
great an Inclination for manufactures and other
branches OF industry the character Of which gene
isy oepebds on the nature OF raw products found m
ne districts where they are followed In the village
OF vixen ioI instance II the government Of Nishni
Ho'oeofoo' where the majority Of the Inhabitants
form on association for the preparation Of leather
utre are also tiI glue manufacturers, two tallow
cancie makers, and eight large faetsries for the
manufacture OF hair rugs. which. how-vef, are also
mace IN many houses As a sort OF secondary occu-
patton " ali these articles, there disposed OF
IN the annual far at NIsbni Novogorod more than
$4,000 Toubles worth. and IN other less important
MARKETS 10000 to q. 900 roubles worth besides
III the Government of YaIosiay the whole inhabtt-
ants OF one place are PETERS Upward OF 900 mhab-
IN another place are rope makers and harness
makers. The population OF the district Of Uglltch IN
le35 sent three million yarcs OF linen cloth 10 the
markets Of r. beeck and Moscow. The peasants
one estate are all candle makers on second rheg