davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
From Chambers Miscellany.
How e. .;ai Was Made.

Geology has proved that. al one peri
od.there existed an enormously abundant
Iand vegetation. the ruins or rubbish ut
which, carried into seas, and then sunk
Ia The bottom. and afterwards covered
over by sand aud mud beds. became the
substance which we now recngniZa IA
coat. This was IA natural Transition of
vast consequence to us, seeing how
much utility we find in using coal, both
i": warming our dwelling aud Tor vnriris
manufactures. as welt as the protluc-
tton of steam, by which sn great me-
chanIcai ptwer is generated. II NAV
naturally excite surprise iha, the veyrtt-
hle remainder should have su cnmpIete-
~ changed their apparent character. aud
become black But Tins can he explain
ed by chemistry; and part of the mar
vel bpcones clear Ia the simplest under.
standing when we recall the familiar
Tact that damp hay, thrown CLOSELY ina
heap. gives out liett and bacumes of
dark color. When vegetable mass
Is excluded from The .,ir, and Subjected
to great pressure, IL hi;utnirOus f.rmrnta-
lion is produced. and the result is The
mineral coal, which is of variuus char
acters. according rs The mass has been
originally nterminglrd with clay or Duh
er earthly impurities. On account Of the
change effected hy minsr.lizni,n, it is
difficult to detect in coal the traces of "A
vegetable structure; bat these can be
made clear in all except the highly btu.
mlnous caking coal, by cutting or pol.
lshng 1t down into Thin or transprren,
slices, when the micr'scnpe shnws the
tihres and cells very plainly. From dis.
tinct insolated specimens found in the
! sandsl"nes amidst the coal beds, we dis.
cover the nature of the plants of this
era. They are almost all of simple
cellular structure, and uch as exist with
us in small forms, (hnrse tails. club
mooses, and fenns,) but advanced to an
enprm,us magnitude. The species are
long since extinct. The vegetation geu-
orally IS such as now grows in clusters
of tropical islands; but il must have been
The result of IA high temperature oblan-
ed otherwise than that of the tropical
regions now is, for the coal strata are
innnd IN the temperate; and even in the
polar regions. .fhe conclusion, there
tore. tn which most geolnglsts have arri.
we'd is. that the earth, originally an in
candescent mass, was gradually cnoIIcd
down, until in the Carbnnierinus period
It tos,ered in growth at terrestrial veget-
alton all over It's surface, To which the
existing lungles of the tropics are mere
barrenness in comparson. The high
and uniform Temperatures, combined with
greater pr"porion of carhonic acid
gas ia the manufacture, could not only
sustain il gigantic aud prolific vegetation.
hut would also create dense vapors.
showers and rains; and these ag ,in gi-
gan'lc rivers. periodical inuadatiuns. am.
hrlias. Thus all the cnndlrinns for en-
,ensi'e dep"siles of wond, in esluaries
would arise from This hIgn tenperature;
ami every circumstances connected with
The coal me asures points To such cogd,.
tons" a..-... ..H ...., .....
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
Our Relations With Austria.

Washington letter writers have lately
had good deal 10 say about certain
diplomatic difficulty, said to exist between
our Government and that of Austria
though the precise nature of the difficult
ty was no: made very clearly to appear.
AL. that was known was, that Mr..
Hulsemann, the Austriaa Charge a,
Washington, was in n state of norl-in-
tercourse with our Government, and was
waiting further Instructions from home.
Latierly it has come to light, however,
and from source said To be quite di-
rect, that the whole difficulty originated
IN the sympathy shown by our Govern
mens for the Hungarian patriors. Ii APP
pears that previous TO the retirement of
Mr.. Clayton from the Cabinet-and. in.
deed prior TO the change in the Admins
tratlon--it was understood that Kossu,h
and his compatriots were anxious To
leave the Turkish dominions, and come
to the United States; and to this end ar.
rangements had already been made, or
were contemplated by Mr.. Marsh, our
Minister to Sublime Porte. Suddenly
however, matters assumed different as
pect, and Kossuth chose to remain, and
MIR. Marsh TO forego his arrangements.
But now to the secret Of the great
change. '....7 -..
1t appears that Austria, long acoustic
med to have her own wa, at home, and
10 exercise an important influence in the
affairs of EurOpe-to0k notion into
her head TO try The effect of lille bull
lying on this side of the Atlantic. She
accordingly instructed Mr. lIul<emann
to say to Mr.. Clayton that if we receiv.
ed and afforded an asylum To these un-
fortunate exiles, il would be taken as
cause sufficient to suspend diplomatic
| intercourse between the two uatiuns.-
While Mr.. Clayton was in a qusndary
what course TO pursue, Mr.. Webster
succeeded him; and after understanding
the merits of the case, informed Mr.. II.
that the United States was the home ai
the honorable refugees of all clmes, aud
that if Mr.. HIS government did not like
the response, he could have his pass.
ports at the momen, he desired ,hem.-
lhis, OF course. was not the reply antc.
ipated; but the chagrined representative
did all that was left for him 10 ,lo-he
wrote home 10 Vienna for "furlber in
structions," which not having arrived,
he is compelled to dance attendance up
on uncertainty, and fulfill Tie functions
Of quasi diplomat only until they do
arrive.
.t u. g.l d -
The whole difficulty. in nut shell
then, appears to be this: If our Govern
ment will denv to Kossu,h and his com
panions, an asylum here, then we are to
have the continued pleasure of Mr.
Hulsemann's presence among us; if not
then Mr.. H. must pack up his trunks
and leave. We have no doubt Mr..
Hulsemann is very agreeable gentle.
man. bnt if these are The conditions in
sisted on, we think we shall have to do
without the honor OF his society.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

was pressed on board man.ol- war, aud
compelled to serve three years before
could make my escape. g #N e.
From the moment learned this in.
tended marriage, resolved to surprise
you in the manner you have seen-- vnlI
saw me weep at the sight of my own
Mary-,hey were tears o! joy. Har.
ing suffered incredible harGships. both
by sea aud land, | stand before you in
these ialiered garments with broken
constitution, rendered nfirm by intense
bodily exercise and suffering, yet rrjuic-
ing that | am permitted to stand among
my former friends, in the land Of tie
free. Aud, said the storm-beaten mari.
ner, addressing his wife, If you prefer
this gentleman, whom yon are about To
wed, all shall be right---;f you prefer
your former husband, he will he happy
in yonr choice. Let me have my first
hetrolhed, said the agitated lady. Poor
Morane sat like one stup,tied, and at
tempted 10 appear Indifferent. but retired
as soon as the forms of ceremony would
permit. His career was short, he came
to the grave wretched lnebriate in "A
few short years. On the following day,
Capt. Potter invited his friends and
neighbors to meet him at his country
seat. The scene was one of lively in.
terest, and the Captain returned home
with this saIutary lesson indellibIy stam-
ped upon his mind, never to forget those
in adversely. a5
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
Preaching TO the Point.

Passing along one Wed nesday night
for evening AT the south is our after
no"n-in Montgomery, Alabama, | step.
ped into the Presbyterian lecture room
where slave was preaching:
"My bredren," says he, "God bless
your souls, 'hgion is like de Alabama
river! In spring come flesh, an bring
in all de ole logs, slabs IAN stick dat
hab been y ing on de bank, an carry
dem down in de current. Byneby de
water go iown-den a log cotch here
on dis island. den a slab gils cotched on
de shore aud the sticks OH de bushes
and dare lie wilhrin' on the shore and
dry ing ill come mother fresh, JUS SO
dare come 'vival of 'ligion--dis ole SIM
uer bro't in. dat ole backslider bro't back,
an all tie folk seem COMM an mighty
good times. But. bredren, God bless
your souls. hyneby 'vivaPs, gone---den
dis ole sumner is stuck on his ole sin,
den dat ole backsider is cotched where
he was aipre. on JUS such rock, den
one after 'noher datihad got 'ligion lies
all along de shore, an dare dey lie till
mother 'vival. Beloved bredren, God
blessy our souls, keep in de current"
| thought his illustration beautiful en-
ough Tor more elegant dress, and too
true, alas! of othe-s than his own race.
Herald. .aea, s4,g3 4.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
WHOLE NO. 119.
Female Socialism i'm France.

have often stated that what are cal
led Socialist doctrines-that is, doctrines
which proclaim that religion is a farce,
property robbery, marriage an infa-
nous institution-were making great
progress among the Masses indeed,
they are already professed by the major
ity of the working population of the
great towns, and, it is to be feared, have
spread among the peasantry to an extent
greater than some people are willing 10
believe. Notwithstanding their mingled
stupidity, injustice and licentiousness,
these doctrines create veritable fanatics,
and find persons of both sexes who are
willing to become martyrs for them-as
it they had the sanction of Heaven, and
were destined to promote the happiness
OF man. Even women-shocking to
relate--only profess them; nay, some
have even devoted themselves to preach.
ing them with extraordinary fervor.-
Yesterday was witness of a curious and
painful instance of the fanalicism of some
of these She Socialists, IN trial of sever
al persons for illegal association, in which
women are concerned.
The judge asked female, one of the
accused, and who seemed to belong to
respectable class. You are socialist
i ain citizen!' said she, as if i. were
something to be proud of. You are an
adversary of the rights of propertv!'-
Citizen she added, property has no
rights--it is robbery You object to
marriage' Il think it, citizens, au in
famous thing, because it leads 10 the op.
preston OF women by men, But If
there were no marriages, society would
be given up TO prostituiion!' Call it
what you please, citizen; but I maintain
that man and woman should be allowed
to follow their own inelinations uncheck-
ed by any law!' But children would be
lllcgltimate! so much the better, citi-
zen! WHO would be responsible for
bringing them up!' The community;
the rearing Of children is charge which
should not be thrown on either father or
mother' Woman cried the iadge,
trying to check his indignation, .what
you say is abominable' In your opin-
ION il may be, citizen, but it is not in
mlne! And the amiable creature seated
herself with the swelling dignity OF a
traGgedy queen. And to think that such
abomlnable-pr principles as these are enter
tanned by thousands and tens of thous-
ands, aye nillions--verlly it is no won
der that France is maiade. .. .... ,
Paris Correspondent OF. the Britannia. J
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
Man II Student.

say every man is to be student, q
thinker. This does not mean he is TO
shut himself within four walls, and bend
body and mind over books. Men
thought before books were written, and
some Of The greatest thinkers never en-
tered what we call a study. Nature,
Scripture. society, present perpetual
subjects for thought; and the man who
collects, concentrates, employs his fac
ulties on any of these for the purpose OF
getting the truth, is So far student,
thinker, a philosopher, and is rising to
The dignity of man. II is time that
we should cease TO limit to professed
scholars The titles of thinkers, philoso-
pliers. Whoever seeks the truth with
an earnest mind. no matter when or
how, belongs TO the school Of intellec tu-
nj men. ...a .r." Hn .E.rs..-s& "a .a
In a loose sense of the word, men
may he said to think; that is, succession
of ideas, notions, pass through their
mind from morning to night; but in as
far rs this succession is passive, undi-
rected, or governed only by accident
and outward impulse, it has little more
claim to dignity than the experience of
The brute, who receives with like pass
iVeness, sensations from abroad through
his waking hours. Such thought, if
Thought it may be called, having no aim,
is as useless as the vision of an eye
which rests OH nothing. which flies with
ont pause over earth and sky, and Of
consequence receives no distinct image.
Thought, in its true sense, is an energy
"t intellect. In thought, the mind not
only receives impressions or suggestions
from within, but reacts upon them, col
lects lis attention. concen trates its forces
upon them. breaks them up and analyses
Ike living laboratory, and then com
hlnes them ai.ew, traces their connexions,
and thus impresses itself on all the OBJ
jec's which engage it. .... -...- g.. 50.
The universe in which we live was
| plainly mean, by God to stir up such
thought as has now been Described
DR.. Claiming. ...u ST., .-arEssa arF
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

BEAUTY.-Let me see female pos
sessing the beauty of meek and mod
est department. of ah eye that espeaks
intelligence and purity wilhin-of lips
thatspeak no guile; let me see in her
kind, benevolent disposition, heart that
sympathizes with distress and | will
never ask for The beauty that dwells in
rubby lips, or snowy hands, or the forty
other ct ceteras, upon which our poets
have harped for SO many ages. These
fade, when touched by the hand Of time;
but the eyer'enduring qualities of the
heart shall outlive the reign of these, and
grow brighter and fresher, as the ages of
eternity roll away.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
Treatmen Of Whites i'm IIayti.

The Colonia! Magazine gives the fol-
lowing picture Of the social condition of
the Haytians: ... -
In the island Of Hispaniola, now de.
nominated Hayti. 80 jealous are the
swar'hy inhabitants OF those rights which
they have acquired, that every white
man is viewed with suspicion and to pre.
vent his gaining any degree of superior.
ity he is placed undera variety of disabili.
ties by the laws which have been estab.
llshed in this Ex-Queen of the Antillas.
White men reside on the island, but thew
are expressly forbidden to purchase land.
or even inherit anv such permanen,
property in what manner soever il mioh,
have been acquired. A white merchant
may import cargoes and ship them off
to other islands. but the produce of the
country is placed under an interdic,ion.
and secured from his unhallowed touch.
tie may procure livelihood from his
labor, but the merchandise which he is
permitted to import lie dare not sell as
retailer. He is viewed as being who
is degraded from his forfeited rank in
society, d the descendants of his fathers
slaves exact from him that homage which
his progenitors once extorted from their
ancestors. To negro, whether male
or female, who has acquired wealth and
respectability, he is expected TO pull off
his hat, when he meets either in the
streets; and to avoid disagreeable conse.
quences he reluctantly submits to this
ordeal of humiliation. The black ladies'
are particularly alive to these punctIios..
and consider themselves insulted when
the etiquette of homeage is no, paid
They rarely omit to remind their sons of
their duties, and express themselves in
the language of indignity, which how.
ever unpleasant to bear. must not be re-.
sented. The principal object which
they seem 10 have in view, in SUFFERING
white men to reside among them, is on n
account OF their superior attainments in
the arts, which they find it necessary 10
cultivate. But on all occasions thew are
taug INT to know their station; aud li,le.
doubts can be entertained that when their
services are no longer required. their
presence will be dispensed with aItoge,b.
er. The Haytians are dreadfully lax
in their morals. t@
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
Education.

One of the bounden duties of govern
ment is to provide for the instruction Of
youth. 10 this end, all citizens should
De liable to taxation. 1t matters not
whether ne has children, or if he has, pre-.
iers to pay for their schooling, he mus.
contribute to the expenses OF the State,
and one ofthese is for general education.
The safety and strength of government.
the welfare and happiness of the people,
depend upon universal education, derived
from pure and wholesome sources. HUI.
manlty and religion inculcate this duty
OF government. Intelligence and virtue
are handmaids. The penal code is gen.
efaliy invoked against the ignoran, and
debased.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
hhe greatest Discovery OF the
Age ~ L

There has just been brought to light.
the application of power, ,ohich is to
supercede entirely the present steam
poUer OF the ,corld This announce.
ment may stagger some, but the discoye-
ry, when it shall be dIvuged, will s:ao.
ger them thousand times more. =
1t has been made by an eastern man,
who has completed his models -one Of
which will be deposited at Washington
as soon as patent rights shall be secured
IN the different European countries
The machinery is entirely perfected. the
power is motive one, and steam has
no part in creating it. SO simple and
economical are the principle and appli-
cation, that two tons of coal will be suf.
ficient to drive the largest ship of the
line around the world = =
We are not at liberty, now to divuioe
more OF this wonderful discovery, but
we predict, with the greatest confidence.
that short time only will elapse before
total revolution will take place through.
out the world, In our motive power sys-
tenn. Indeed we assert, with the same
confidence, that the year OF 1850 termi-
mated the sovereignty Of steam.
This is no chimera. We mean what
we say--and time, brief in point of du-
ration, will evolve this wonder, at pres.
ent Ind with cause, only from the pub
lie eye, to the astonishment of Christen-
DOMAIN astonishment far greater, than
that productivity the discovery of steam
or the magnetic telegraph.--Germa
toVa Telegraph.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

DRY FEET.-We will give our read
ers receip: for making boots water
proof which is worth much more than
our subscription price to any person who
will try it. Moisture generally pene-
trates the soles of boots--the upper
leather is not easily wet and is easily
dried. To render the sole impelvious
to water, order your boot maker to cut
pieces of canvass in the proper shape,
dip them in melted pitch or tar, and lay
them upon the inner soles before putting
on the outer soles of the boots. This
simple process will insure dry feet with
out making. the boot clumsy. We have
tried the experiment, and would advise
all whose soles are afflicted with cold or
dampness to do the same.-Norristom,a
Register. n.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

a .
HORSEBACK RIDING IN MADEIRA
The Hon. John A. Dix, in his recent
work, "A Winter in Madeira, gives an
amusing account of horseback riding in
tunchai. For thirty cents an hour a
fine horse can be hired at any livery sta
BILE, together with man as attendant,
who follows on foot; and when you de-
sire to ride fast, he catches hold of your
horses tail and is drawn along In
this way he prevents you from running
away from him. Mr.. Dix says that the
horses soon become accustomed 10 these
human appendages, and that the fellows
have way OF making the horses go
last or slow, as they desire, in spite of
the rider. Mr.. Dix says, that for ladies',
this association of horse and driver is a
great convenience. They need no other
attendant Heis always ready 10 render
any assistance; if the horse looses a
shoe he has Il hammer and nails in his
pocket TO replace it. 1t ic not easy to
fancy more ludicrous spectacle than a
lady riding through the city at full gallop
with a man hanging to the tail of the
horse; but such scenes are Of hourly oc-
currence in Funchal, and the eye soon
becomes accustomed to them.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
v There are tb;rtv re ,,s :, No..

u There are thirty newspapers in
Iowa, as follows: 13 Democratic II
Germany IL Wing. 2 Neutral, l Tenn
perance, Christian (Campbellite,) /
Free Soil, and Mormon.
They are printed 3 in Dubuque. in
Burlington, in Mt. Pleasant, 8 in Ke-
okuk, 2 in Iowa City, 2 in Fairfield, 2
in Muscatne, in Fort Des Moines, 2
in Ottumwa, Q in Davenport, l in Keo-
sauqua, ! in 0skaloosa. in Andrew, L
in Wapello, | in Fort Madison and at
Kanesville.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31
" Ata Temperance Celebration LAT,

u Ala Temperance Celebration late
ly held in Charleston, it is stated that
Judge Lumpkin in his address, .IifIed
the audience from their feet and held
them suspended at vii" ."-Ex. paper.
We don't know the exac: height of
His Honor's 'wiIl,' but il there were
any ladies in the audience we hope he
let tbem down genily.--Alb. Register.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

Fl. GRoo SHops For WoMEN.--A respec-
table New York paper positively asserts
that there are certain secret places in that
city, iurlshed in The most gorgeous style
and pa:roaized almos, exclusively by
women OF wealth and fashion, who go
there, iirs, for ice creams, fruits. &c.,
then tor clare'. champaign, brandy. mint
Julips, sherry-coblers, and brandy sings.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

" It's the lot of genius TO be oppo-
sed, and 10 be invigorated by opposilion;
all extremes touch each other; frigiu
praise and censure wait upon atlainable
or common powers, but the successful
adventurer in the realms of discovery,
leaps on an unknown or long-losl shore,
ennobles it with his name and grasps
immortality.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

" Nothing more impairs authority
then too frequent or indiscreet exercise
of it. If thunder itself were TO be con.
tnual. it would excite no more terror
than the noise of a mill; and we should
sleep in tranquility when i, roared the
loudest.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

tS- If the stars were to appear but
one night in thousand wears, how
would men believe and preserve for many
generations the remembrance of God
which had been shown But every
night come out these preachers of beau.
iy, and light the universe with their ad,
monishing smile.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

% As the mex. thing to having wis
dom ourselves, is to pratt by that Of
others, so the nex' thing to having merit
ourselves, is TO take caie that The merto-
rious profit by US; for he that rewards
the deserving. makes himself one Of the
number.-LAcoN.
Des Moines courier. ([Ottumwa] Iowa) 1848-1854, 1851-01-31

81 n Wisdom and virtue make the poor
rich, and the rich honorable, be7Ng
The Davenport gazette. [volume] (Davenport, Scott Co., Iowa) 1841-185?, 1851-10-23
MARK TIME!--The State Register witl

MARX TIME!--The State Register wi,h
a gus,o peculiar to Sir Oracle significant
Nv asks. sls the Wing Party the Union
Pary?" We will answer the Register
II is; and there is not Wing in the ranks
of bis partv--there is not True AMERI,
CAN anymhcre who is not dccdedly--nay
devocdly attached to the tie that binds this
happy Republic together in the bonds Of
a common interest and common brother.
hood. Aud who, pray, is il, in fact, who
would discover the Union they could
Why, Locofoco South Cdrolina!-a State,
the very fortress Of The foe, stepped in "De-
mocracy"-her public men priesthood.
knecling at no other altar, and worshippine
At no other shrine.
We would thank the Register to give us
the name ola Wing who is in favor Of Dis.
union that is worthy to be placed by the
side Of Mr.. CALuoua's, or list TO offset the
marshalled front Of QUTTMAN, DAVIS,
RHErr, YAScEY, TuRNEy, Quaniebnm and
company, in the secession ranks!
Chicdgo Journal