Burlington hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1845-185?, 1851-11-27

I OKEGOS IITf, " Is mug ~, l6It.
| The scenery along the Columbia river il inter
eating. but il IL the interest of nature. Mar ha-
efirctea only slight changes, either 10 mar rr
| meni. Here and there hut marks the tcrmIn2-
ton OF long and toilsome journey from thu far
distant States. And the hut Of single room IL
nearly oil. Forest and prairies wait the yigor-
Gus and reforming hand Of man. Numerous
cities on paper are designed for actual existence
on this rive. To furnish place for some of them,
breaks OF few acres in extent have already been
made IN the thick woods, spotted with buildings
of better order than emigranis usually at frst
erect, which are occupied either ~ family resi-
denee or for business purposes, and the hustle Of
trade, IN small Way, has begun.
The following are the post-towns on the Co.
lumb'a, which Is as extended catalogue ~ will
interest distant readers: Pacific City, near the
sea, IL we'll sheltered from ocean winds with the
| beautiful. expansive, and placid waters Of Ba-
kers Bay in front. Across This bay, Southeast
erly fifteen miles, Astoria IL situated on The South
side OF the river. Cathiamet is TWENTY-FIVE miI<s
| farther up on the North bank; Oak Point, fifteen
miles Emlnence, on the South bank, opposite
the mouth Of The Cowliiz river, fifteen miles St
Hellen's, twenty five miles, Columbia City. Pert
Vancouver. upon an extensive and lovely PLAIN
on the North side, twenty five miles; Cascades,
| forty miles; Dalles, forty miles.
About six miles below Vancouver, the Colnm-
b:a receives the Willamette from the South fow-
ing centrally through the extensive and fertile
valley that bears its name. Sea going vessels
navigate the Columbia to the Cascades. $50 miles,
and the Willamette to the Falls, % miles, which
points are the extent OF tide water.
A steamer plies regularly between San Fran
! cisco and Portland, on the Willamette and &C.
mimonthly mail steamer between San francisco
and Astoria. There are also nine other steam
ers, (incitld ng two new ones nearly completely
which navigate these rivers only. One III. .fhe5e.
Is on the Columbia, above the Cascades, and three
on the Willamette above the FALL.
These rivers, with their tributaries, are well
supplied with fish. Salmon. especially, are no
ted for their great abundance and excellence
Their habits make them the subjects nf interest
| ing observation. Chiefly at rapids and waterfalls
| they exhibit their whole beautiful and elastic
| form. by buoyant spring high above the rivers
surface. My opportunities OF seeing them have
| been at Oregon City. where the Willamette falls
about thirty feet, but on one side the ledge.of
rocks is so broken as To reduce the perpendicular
! fall about half Here tire ascent. II made n aIl.
! is generally effected. One Of thousand throws
itself up the main pitch.
| Salmon Jump along the rapid water. bat most
! frequently from the boiling foam Al the pitch
is the greatest sport, where several Ok them with
lightning qaaver, may be seen in The sir Il the
same tune. There IS point Of rock where an
Indian il able 10 catch some Of the descending
| fish in bag net, on the end Of pole. To load
a canoe with salmon II not very tedious.
They jump high, but at random. and with great
danger to themselves. Many strike the rocks,
are killed, and floating down the river, become
food for beasts ard birds.
! Indians claim the exclusive right 10 the salmon
fishery, which, as far know white men do not
| contest or interfere with. Nor do Indians fish
,ndiscriminately at any place. by regulations,
understood, suppose, among themselves. each
tribe or branch Of q tribe, has its own fishing
ground. May they continue to enloy their fisk
cries nnmolested. Salmon constitutes princi-
pal part Of their food, without which. I know
not whether they could procure the means OF
prolonglng a miserable existence. Degenerate
remnants of an ignorant and degraded people, a.
ready sunk as low in the scale OF huH anity ID 10
leave small encouragement 10 nhilanthropic e.
forts in their behalf. They are q doomed people,
and their extinction not remote The hepefits ef
civilization have not reached them. and 1t - now
too late. They have drank the poisoned cup that
seemed 10 b. otEtred Kindly they op~ne1 iheir
arms in friendship. and embraced corruption
immigration from the States found them Poisoned
1 and dyingt
The two largest towns ON the Willamette. ansi
i'm the territory. are Portland and Oregon City .
the first twelve miles above its mouth the otker
thirteen miles higher mp, a. the Falls Ezrh of
these towns has population of about Ten -
twelve hundred. .@.##. a. s#m==ss=
tory as far as have travelled fir II ths pr<TaiI-
ing timber. Qf this there are three 1arieil<s---
[ The white, which il found only cn hott0m lands
and when such lands are low II il quite pienti-
ful-and the yellow and red, which constitute =
large part Of the forest trees Other timb@ss arr
in.ermingled, which vary according 10 The Local
] ity. Near the coast, spruce and heHlock ar-
quite abundant, and found more sparcely ayer
| the territory A prevailing tree on the prsfries
I Of the Willamette, and especially III Tine Ump-
qua. and which give them m crrhara-lIke ap-
pearance, is species OF low, spreading white
| oak.
| Forests. on the bottom lands. anil rrornt.lns
too, when not precipitoas, are made UP of - g.
tonishing bnrthen Of timber. Trees stand near
each other; the number on nm acre ~ great
Large, very large trees. are frequent. Yet tn
great body OF timber il OF useful size. and pFvt-
tier grove from which to select building timber,
| carpenter can not desire TO enter. The trees
are tall straight. and hold their size rsnafkahly
| The keel or the steamer Lot Whftcor1h, u l6D
/ feet long. The tree frcn whieh It. was hewn
measured twentv-fear hy twcatv-seven inches
diameter MI the butt. MIR Ah~rnethy, at Oak
Point. sawed l0l feet in length 1T SAW logs from
ir tree, the hatt measuring thirty three inches,
and the top sixteen inches.
| As beautiful tree - | have seen, stands 60
the claim of Judge StronE, at Cathlamet, draw
/ i'm " which WAS recrntly made for Lanalua
| pictorial newspaper IL L ten feet I'M dian<ter.
at the bottom AMI no feet hlsh-t BIT trees ar~
foaal that measure Sra feet ~ th~y he exf<nAr<i
/ Nh the @fAAAtfs 1aal near Sh1 Eal$6 - I&E& f1
length MI SAW los have been ,attn from tree
OH mare than one occasion. Fir ard spruce rua
up, spire like, farthcst amea- the eioFnss, nsver
| throwing ont ans large h.-ral branches. The
quantity M humber Naaii t. lnrxhaastihle. R
| fellca ealy for hEaher purposes.
These .imaers split freely. They arx split
into rails AMI shingles, and at 4 distance from
saw-miiis. into sidiag Tor houses. Snrh weather
hoarls are rove eight feet lon-s ard half IN inch
In thickness.
| At paeihr City. weat nat with ! proprietor
of saw-m.li To see the manner af Telling spruce
I timber With large anger, hole " bored
through thu green standing 'rr~, &C two holes =
bored as TO nr~t within the white or 50 part ct
the wood Then ceat vi fire " pant irtc hole.
The draft cf mir sets II burning and i'm from SIX
to twelve hours aeeoain. "a the stTr cf the tree,
| II falls, with little or me- more waste of wpcd.
| than wonld h. usel hy sn axr-raan. m ii then
hn'tca and cut W.. with the saw. Thus. hf-
| teen minutes with the asrcr does Tho wrrk MI
half or two-thiFls ut iav4 with an axe. Fir
trees are no; so felisa for fanher. Thc white.
(Which il nearly the same nv the ha'san hr cf the
StatrSl does not burn sufficiently well, and tar
| yellow and red burn too freely, and waste the
| timber. N. Coz
| ENCOURAGEMENT ron MErHASrts.-The bar
Is fast losing IFS attractions tn the young men ut
this c ". There are now thirty young gentle
! men that have received liberal educ asion who