The Middlebury register. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1850-1882, 1851-12-03

uon oil The surveys al an early day.
Some difiluties have occurred in orOan-
lzing the Territorial governments of New
Mexico and Utah and when more accurate
information shall be obtained Of the causes.
further communication will be made on
thai subject.
In my last annual communication 10 Con-
gress | recommended the establishment of
an Agricultural Bureau, and take this oc-
casion again 10 invoke yonr favorable con-
sderaton Of the subject.
Agriculture may justly be regarded as the
great interest of oul people. Four.Gfihs of
our achve population are employed in the
cnIiiva'ion OF the soil, and the rapid exraa.
son Of our settlements over new Territory il
ua'.y auuihg 10 me number Of those engar-
ca IN mat vocation Justice and sound mol
ic! therefore, alike'rcquirc that the Govern
mcni should use all the means authorized bv
the Constitution 10 promote the interests and
welfare of that important class Of our fellow-
citizens. And yet it is singular fac: that.
whilst the manufacturing and commercial
Interests have engaged the attention of Cons
gress during large portion of every session,
and our statutes abound in provisions for
their protection ami encouragement, little
has yet been done directly for the advance.
ment of agriculture II it time that this re-
propch TO our legislation should he removed,
and sincerely hope that the present Con-
gress will not close their lahors without adopt
ing efficient means to supply the omissions Of
those who preceded them.
An Agricultural Bureau, charged with the
duty Of collecting and disseminating correct
Information as to the best u oles ofcutiva>
ton, anil Of the most efirctual means OF pre-.
serving AID restoring the fertility Of the soil.
and Of procuring and distributing seeds and
plants and Other vegetable productions. with
instruct ons in regard to the soil, climate, and
treatment best adapted to their growth could
not fail 10 be, in the language of Washina>
ton in his last annual message 10 Congress,
very chean instrument Of immense ma,
tona benefit"
! Regarding the act. Of Congress approved
2Sth September 1850, granting bounty lands
to pcrsons WHO had been engaged in the
military service OF tie country. as "A great
measure OF national jnSice & nunificence an
anxious desire has b en- felt by the officers
entrusted vi h its immediate execution, to
give prompt effect to its provisions. All the
means within their control were, t ercforr,
brought into acquisition to EXPEDITE the adj
judicalion of CLAIMS, and | am gratifed 10 be
able to state that near one hun lred thousand
applications have been considered and a.
bout seventy thou-aud wa-rqn's sued wi h.
III the short space Of nine months. II AIDES
quate provision bc MT lc hy law to carry in
/ to effect the rrcommrhdn'ons Of ,he DEPART
ment II Is conf lcnllv expected that, before
, The Gloss ,t the nest Fl cal year, all who are
cnt tied to the benefits Of The act will hare
received their wa rants
The Secretary Of Lac terror has sns-
/ Gested III his repnt various Amendments of
= the laws rclain. To pensions and oun'v
n t., tor the putpJ>e OF more eficctuil'y
guarding against abuse all frauds on the
Government to all OF which invite our
particular attention
The large accession to our Indian popu-,
laiion consequent upon the acquision OF New
Mexico and California, arl the extension of
our settlements into Utah aud Oregon. have
!. given increased interest and Importance %
our relations with the aboriginal race
No material change has taken place, with
IN the last wear, IN The condition and pro-
poets oil the Indian tribes who side in The
, Northwestern Territory and west f the
: Mlssissippi nver, We are mt peace with all
\ OF them; and il will BE- a source Ct pleasure
c 10 you to learn that they are gradual, adj
5 vancing in civilization and the pursuits of
social life.
I Along tho Mexican f oniier, and in Call
I iforna, and Oregon. there have been oc>
casional nantes aion, of unfiiendly feeling,
= and some deprGdations committed ] am
satisfied, however, tina, they resulted more
from the destitute and starving condition OF
, the Indians than from any settled hostility
2 toward the whites As :he settlements Of
3, our citizens prog ess towards them, the game
f UPON which hey mainly rely for subsistence
5 Is driven oil DESTROYED, and the only alier-
native left to them is starvation or plunder
II becomes us to clnsidcr, in view OF this
condition OF things, Nhether justice AMI
7 humanity, as well rs an enlightened ccon-
= ony, 10 not reQnire tnht instead of seeking
: TO punish them for Offences which are the
: result OF our own policy towards them, we
should not provide for their immediate wan
and encourage them 10 engage in agriculture,
and TO rely on their labor instead of the
chase, for THEN suppo
Various important treaties have been negotiate
-, cd with different tribes during the year. by which
{ their title TO large and valuable tracts OF country
! has been eNtiuguished, all of which will, Mt the
proper time, be submitted To the Senate fof ratif-
cation.
The joint commission undcr the treaty &C Guada
inpe iidalgo has been actively engaged in running
AMI marking the boundary line bctw cen the Unit
2 Ell States and Mcxico. 1t was stated in the last
annual report of the Secretary ufIhe Interior, that
the initial point on the Pacific and The point of
junction Of the q lila " it'll the Colorado ri, er had
been determined, and the intervening line, about
one hundred fifty miles in length. run and mari ed
by temporary monuments. Since that time mon-
ument Of marble has been erected al the ihtial
point, AMI permanent landmarks Of IRON have been
r placed at suitable distances along the line
5 The initial point gu the Rio Grande has also
hesn fixed by the COMM 50 toner's al Ltituted 32
22', and al the date of the last communication the
, survey OF the line had been made thence westward
about one hundred and fifty miles to the igbOr-
hood of the ccppet mines.
The commission on Our part was at first organ
lied ON scale which experience proved TO be un-
widely and attended with unnecessary expense.
Orders have, therefore, been Issued for the reduce
ton OF the number oipersons employed within the
smallest limits, consistent with the safety Ofthose
engaged in the service, and the prompt and efficient
; execution of their important duties.
Returns have been receIvedfrom III the officers
engaged In taking the census in the States and
, Territories except California The supcrinten-
dent employed To make thu enumeration in that
STATE has not yet made his full report, from causes.
as he alleges beyond his coptrol. This failure IS
much to be regretted as il has prevented the Sec
( reary Of the Interior from making the decennial
approporionment Of representatives among :he
5 States, rs required by the act approved May %,
1851, 1t is hoped, however, that the returns Will
soon be received, aud time will then he lost IN
making the necess aryapporionment, aud in trans
hitting the certificates required by law
The Superintendent OF the SeventhiCensuS
/. is diligently employed, under the directions OF
the Secretary of the Interior, classifying and
arranging in tabular form all the statistical in
formation derived from he returns of the mar
shals and il is believed that when the work shall
he COMPLETED il will exhibit a more perfect view
/, Of the population, wealth, occupations, and
social condition of a great country, Than has