The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-05-26
NEWS BY THE MAILS.
Our Southern Correspondsnce.


"a some specific, statistical, and general remarks
upon the subject, and also upon other interesting
subjects.
The Augusta Mills are located in the suburbs
They are supplied by canal seven miles long with
an abundance of water, from the Savannah river,
at the head Of the rapids above the city. The fall
obtained is forty-fve feet, divided equally upon
three levels each Of fall of fifteen feet, descending
20 the river
AUGUSTA MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
Napltal STOCK. -. ~lvO,UU
Cost Of one building, and machinery,
&c: :................. 100000
Hands employed IN 1t. 2l0
Number of spindles. from 5000 to 5000
Number of looms. ............... 3l2
Annual consumption Of cotton, bales, 800
Cotton cloth turned out weekly, yards, $1,000
The other mill Is something larger than the first,
$50 by 90, with = wing of IS by So and both parts
five stories high The machinery, from Massachu-
sets, Is now being put up and in the course OF the
summer the establishment will be In complete ope-
ration.
The capacity of both mills will then be equal to
the consumption of 5000 bales of cotton per
mum; in addition to which the company intend to
employ fifty looms upon woollen goods, giving en-
ployment altogether, to five hundred operatives in
the mile
In the Northern mills, the several processes of
working up the cotton, begin at the lower floor
with the picking and cleaning, ascend from door to
hoor to the looms, which are in the upper stories
Excepting the attic) of those five, six and seven
story buildings indeed, il is almost the universal
practice to have the looms in the upper stories. In
the Augusta mills the looms on the first, second
and third floors, the other processes of the work
taking up part Of the same rooms. The object is
to avoid the and tear Of the buildings from the
vibrations OF two hundred or three hundred looms
near the top of the house.
The raw cotton delivered at the mill costs from
cent and half to two cents pound less than at
Lowell; the cost Of labor is little less in Georgia
thanin Massachusetts,, but the operatives do little
lnss hat H. l.zIu a.
labor, between the two States, there is no
aIpreciable difference. But where the labor is in
the end the same, and cotton cent and half
cheaper, the factories of the South must have their
own immense market in their own hands.
The operatives in these mills are white girls, col
lected from the surrounding neighborhood. Mr..
James Hope, Massachusetts, man, is the agent of
the com pany and Mr.. ). ]. Sweetland, late Of the
Lockport Mills, Of New York, is the superinten-
dent VI the mill 10 operation. We mentioned to
one OF the company the successful operation Of the
factory near Columbia, ). G., with its black slave
operatives. He hardly thought il would do to ex-
tend the system. The blacks hardly quick or
smart enough for the cotton mills, to say nothing
OF cleanliness and contagion. Crowded together
IN cotton mill, the odoT from them-that peculiar
tropical odor Of the African race-woud make the
rooms unhealthy. No, sir cotton mills are not
the places for blacks, free slave. The cotton
field Is their vocation. There they have plenty of
sun and the open air, without which the negro
lapguishes and dies. Give him masma: but give
him the sun, and he fourishes Besides, Mr..
Herald, we have in the South plenty of poor white
people to work in the cotton mills and glad TO do it.
As we were leaving the mill, one Of the girls,
who had been paid of for the week, came up and
made deposite of ninety-6ve dollars Of her savings
with the superintendent. We thought that rather
good indication of fair wages on the one side and
prudence on the other. Yes, sir; but Georgia will
be IN condition, before many years are gone, to
advocate a protective tariff. We cannot assuredly
manufacture cottons on free trade principles, yet
awhile, in competition with the pauper la Dor q Eng
III. we m Gu m a.
tiyes to the starvation standard. Letting such
observations and arguments 60 for their value IL Is
ut least a matter OF interest 10 Northern
manufacturers, to be informed Of the progress Of
the factory system in the South The census re-
turns Of 1850, will exhibit the Advancement Of
Georgia in manufactures, railroads. and popula-
ton, within the last ten years, to be equal II not
ahead Of the progress ofany other State in the
Union.
In addition to the Augusta factories, there in
the State the following
ployed, I2o-s0 females
sumed 80 bales; wool lso 900 pounds Operatives
poyed about l70-females about IS This sail WORKS
% cards, 1900 spindles and 10 looms
0rHEs PRONUNCIATION. j; Butts, 1. Chst;ooys,
4, Cobb Campbell, 2 Carroll !; Clarke q kibert' 2
GREENE Heard l. Hancock, 2 Houston, l. Henry 4
Jackson l. Morgan, !; Muscogee u Newton, ., Upson.
,; Troupe, l. Total number of cotton manuisctore..
70 Of these "a are by water and two by steam viz
hilled.,t vile and Muscogee stcam factories
I!!pi amount Of capital invested 81 6ili9o
cost Of raw materials annually ....,.,.. s0j5!s
na@ser p S"ss cotton annually consumed isii
female operatives. .,.,...s....,t... IL
male ....,,......,..... lf@Jj
Total .........................2 OJT
The Macon, Sparta eireensborough, and other
factories in process CT construction not included At
this time the aggregate investments OF capital IN
Georgia in cotton and woollen factories, exceeds
$1,000 600 Add 70 this sum tl5,OO000O invested
in railroads and plank Ioads, and that some eight
hundred miles Of her railroads are flushed, and
tie secret Of Georgia's increase in population and
dome stic products Will in the last decenna period,
may be easily accounted for. Her embarkation IN
MANUFACTURES and improvements will also account
for the Conservative attitude Of Georgia on toe
slavery question. Her interest in railroads and
factories too important to allow her 10 volunteer
IN an amateur revolution. I'm infusion q Northern
and foreign elements into her population-ths crea
ton thereby Of numerous working class-wheu
added 10 the native working white people. h1s
given 20 this class powerful voice IN the elections
which, 20 far from being ia favor Of Il rather OPP
posed 20 the extension q ae power Of the siayehod
ing interest. The subject AFFORDS broad aeld Tor
political economists
The importance Of the railroadfrom Augusta into
III heart q Georgia, thence n0rthward - Chatta-
n0cga, Tennessee, Is hardly 70 be estimated in dob
lars and cents. traveller may nov q from
tLafleston or Savannah into Eastcrn Tennessee,
b. railroad, striking the Tennessee river AZ point
from which nine steamboats, are plying to the lower
country, and up according TO the map on The wall)
across the States Of Tennessee and Kentucky, 70
the Ohio river, thu opening to Charleston and
Savannah, an incalculab.c amount Of trade, aH The
resources ofthe line developed.
Within Eve years, Atlanta, al inland town in The
heart Of Georgia, has increased from road. side
grocery TO a place Of : 600 population. The Cen.
trial Ksilroad, south and west, has done Il. Chat
tanooga, within two years m obscure, inaccessible
crossroad hamlet, among the Businesses Of the Ten
nessce mountains, Is now place Of some 100
people, busting aud active IN the manuiaeture o.
railroad cars and various works in iron 4 bis
eTn Tennessee, the great chain Of the Ale
ghsny mountains present their sublimest fca-
lures. Jhere Is no mountain scenery to com
pare with II in tho Untcs states, east Of the Mis-
sissippi, except that OF the great valley Of yir-
GINA. The magnifcepce 81 the scenery, how
ever, IL only 10 keeping with w. splendid resources
FOR saubri'y and mildness Of climate, delicious
water unreasonable water power, for iis rich val
leye, capahle Of Sustaining dense pogulai ION for