Weekly national intelligencer., 1851-10-25
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
FROM our LONDON C0RRESP0 0NDENT
LONDON, OcroBER 2, 1851.


LONDON, OCTOBER 2, 1851.
We have lately devoted considerable time and
attention - the Grys<al Fslase and its contents.
We have been induced 70 do sos not msrciy for the
purpose of sight-geeing, although we acknowledge
that very large amount OF the pleasure OF sight
seeing has mingled with our more serious employ
ment. We think that this immense gathering OF
the products of the earth and the industry and in
.genuity Of man, may be contemplated in point OF
view which will bring us better acquainted with the
real condition of the various communities Of our
fellow-men who have contributed TO it. We regard
the contents Of the Crystal Palace as an exhibit Of
the mind Of the human family, of the direction in
which that mind has been exercised, and OF the ex-
tent to which il has been called into action. And
from this view we think may be deduced the proxi-
mate future condition of those who have contributed
the materials. We are far from arrogatlng to our
selves the capacity necessary for the proper accom-
pshment of this task, but we are anxious that
statement should be prepared Of the contents OF this
WoRLD's BAZAAR, which may enable some one
more competent than ourselves to carry out our
ideas. We have prepared that statement, and ar
ranged, under the head of each contributing coun.
try, according the best classification we could de-
wise, the various articles it exhibits. To prepare
such statement has cost us many days labor and
much serious thought. We have gone through the
entire Exhibition, and think there not one hundred
articles in the immense collection which have not seen and
examined Respecting the comparative excellence and value
of the machinery the manufactures the arisica productions
and the raw materials exhibited by each country, confess
ourselves utterly incompetent give any opinion our aten-
ton has been merely directed to the classification the ar
rangement Of the catalogue being very imperfect we could
only remedy the deficiency by the personal inspection which
have taken. We purpose presenting our statement IN
successive portions your readers accompanied with such
comments its results may suggest and we are much mis-
taken if this very successful enerprise-he Exhibition, we
mean-does not open page Of social moral, and poll
tcal economy many nqurg minds and employ the pens
of many of the abst of the day. The real strength Of
people depend upon the quantity and the quality Of
mind which possesses and its happiness and prosperity up
the direction and extent which that mind takes and occu
pies. Probably no better opportunity for estimating what
and will be done by inspection OF what has been done.
wa, ever presented than that which the great Exhibition a
fords No such and varied aggregate Of the productions
of mind has before been collected within one buildings
and than be expected that similar collection
should be presented during the present generation We
pleased have done part an humble cassiher OF the
contents Of the Crystal Palace before they dispersed al
most widely the points from whence they were collected
We will anticipate any Of conclusions respecting this
Great Exhibition We think, however, that there is
very visible not in England alone, but throughout nearly all
Europe and decidedly with you strong desire carry
forward all the modes Of rapid intercourse both personally and
by communication which the last half century has unfded
by navigation railways, cheap posage and electric
telegraph. The Times has given very laudatory summary
Of what the United States has done and doing the Daily
Ne,cs done the thing for Great Ban and now the
Times is showing what has been done the European
continent.
BEIa1um has 532 miles Of railways, $50 Of which have
been and worked by the State the remainder by
different private companies The expense of constructing
the whole has been e9,576.00O fls,O00 per mile.
The annual expenses SO ler cent Of the receipts and
the profits three and half per cent. on the capital
In FRAscs there ISIS miles Of railway under traffic,
l7s miles in progress and SIT miles projected. The cost
Of construction per mile has been e26 and the whole
pendure requisite for the completion Of the 3573 miles
mated at e95 s70 1885, The average annual profit
the capital employed does not exceed two and sevenenhs
per cent.
We are obliged to take GERMANY WHOLE n consider
ing this subject and find that the close of 1850 there
in Germany miles Of railway in actual operation,
700 miles in progress and 2 miles projected Of the rail-
ways operation, ls2 miles within the Prussan
rtories and TIL miles in the Dutch Netherlands the Danish
Duchess and the x-Geman Austrian provinces and there
fore only 457l miles be considered as strictly within the
Germanc confederation. Two-fhs Of these 4,57l miles
constructed and worked by the State the remainder by
private companies. Those In PRUssrA, however all the
the s. s42 miles is estimated at 500 per mile. It
be remembered that nearly the whole Of the German railways
consist Of simple line Of rail- There only comparative
y short distances where the traffic warrants the of
double track The working expenses areola csus.
of the recspt and the nett profits nearly h f cent
A system Of railways is advancing slowly 10 RussIA.
railway from Warsaw to Cracow l6s miles in length is in
operation connecting Warsaw with ST. Peterburgh 6s3
miles length and of about 400 miles, from ST. Peters
bush Moscow, is in progress railway for goods from
the Woga the DOM los miles in length, also contem-
plated. In Southern Russ line of railway between Kie
and Odessa has been surveyed
In IrALY extensive system of railways has yet been e1-
ecued ewines, dvergns from the principal Cities such
as NapIes Msn Venice Leghorn and Florence are alone
in operation. In the Kingdom of Sardinia railways yet
are only prospecve and Spain and Portugal very nearly
in the same category So much for European railways
What has been done in navigation we'll known
ali on both sdes Of that Atlantic whose 5000 miles Of
breadth, is now crossed in from nine to days. As the
electric telegraph one alone will show what hes done
Eyey night the merchant in London receives the closing
ces Of the Vienna Exchange Of the preceding day. and
those Of the Boues Of Paris and Antwerp Of the same day
and now that the cable for the submarine telegraph between
the coasts of England and France has been successfully laid
down. a sill more rapid intercourse will be obtained We
often feel compelled complain Of the political denqusn-
ces Of AusrnrA and really glad have in her
praise that she stands foremost among those countries who