davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
AGRICULTURAL GEOLOGY-No. 4.
by JOSIAH uoLRRooK.


Feldspar is composed Of four oxydes-silex,
alumina or clay, iron, and potash; slick predomi.
mates OF quartz, in all its varieties it is almost
the entire element of feld-par, it is the prinoi-
pal aluminous or clay soils contain frequently
twice as much slick az alumina the quantity OF
iron and potash in feldspar is small not often over
two or three per Gent.
IL appears then that sand is composed OF two
oxydes or chemical combinations, again combined
by the same agency. Feldspar or clay is compos-
ed OF four oxydes, also combined by chemical
affinity, to form a compound still more complex
than quartz or sand. The quartz and feldspar are
combined by mechanical mixture to form rocks
and soils
Ii hence follows that, in these two principal ell
ements of soils quartz and feldspar, or sand and
clay, are not less than six combinations of ulti-
mate principles, or oxygen and metals, all by
chemical affinity and two combinations at least of
those compounds forming those two clements
These six chemical compounds again compounded
by chemical agency, are then united by mechan.
ical mixtures 10 form rocks and coils
Quartz and feldspar are not the only essential
elements Of soils but also among the most i'm
portant materials in the arts Of civilization The
principal material of glass is quartz that Of
porcelain feld5par. The presence Of potash, soda
or some alkaline substance acting as tlux, is in
dspensable in the manufacturing Of each Of these
important articles Of domestic economy
After performing the important agency Of pro
ducing yegetation--of course furnishing onl
wheat, our corn, our beef and our pork-quarti
Of porous character constitutes the French burr
for changing grains into flour. Pulverzed quartz
cemented by iron into sandstone, forms our
grindstones for sharpening the axes and chisels
Of the mechanic aud the knives and scissors OF
the housekeeper. For some animals il Is essen
tisl to the process Of digestion fowls cannot live
without IT,
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
THE NATIONAL ERA WASHINGTON D. C, JANUARY g. 1851.

ducing enough 10 sustain, In the cheapest and
scantiest manner, her teeming black population"
The Federal Government, then, is called upon
to favorthe expansion Of slavery, for the purpose
of perpetuating it with profit in the States where
it now exists This claim involves demand that
it shall do all it can to foster the internal slave
trade Still further-its fostering care is invoked
for system of labor which, it is asserted by Mr.
Shepard, must always be +" an exhausting and i'm
poyerishing one to the SOIL and even now, except
upon the best rice and cotton and sugar planta-
tions, is not remunerativs aud, if maintained
without outlet for the surplus laborers, is des-
tined to overwhelm the South in ruin. Are Free
Sellers to be blamed for desiring to see the march
Of such an evil arrested-for insisting that the
Federal Government should interpose its power
for the protection of our vast territorial posses
sions from its blasting influences?
Mr. Shepard draws a fearful spectacle of the
condition of the South, should the expansion of
slavery be prevented. II is fancy sketch. Let
it be once clearly and finally understood that not
one foot more of soil shall be given up to slavery,
that upon the ground it now occupies it must
work out its ultimate results, and we have no fear
that the energy and good sense Of the People Of
the South will not take timely measures to pro-
vide against the evils depicted by Mr. Shepard
Whenever Slave Labor shall cease throughout
the South to be remunerative and each State
shall have passed laws to prevent the importation
of slaves, so that they shall be Invested of all
transferable value, the question of emancipation
will be taken up and calmly discussed in every
State, with view to the substitution Of free for
slave labor That this result will be fastened
by the exclusion of slavery from California and
the Territories, there can be no doubt; but that
the prospect of such result will induce extraor-
binary efforts for the introduction Of slavery into
New Mexico and Utah, for the annexation of
Cuba and the Redistribution of slavery in Hayti,
there is Just as little doubt.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
THE CASE OF HENRY LONG.

The case Of Henry Long, noticed in our last
weeks number, was transferred to the United
States Circuit Court, on the sixth day of the
trial, on a habeas corpus issued by Judge Judson'
uThe Judge remarked that from what has been
stated to him, and the claimant having produced
evidence Of discharge Of the case by the Commits
sioner, that matter will not be gone farther into
I say, without newspaper or other influences,
will give ample time for the trial Of this case on
it's merits, and will also say that have invited
my brother Belts Judge b. to take seat along
aide of me- He will take no part ia the proceed.
ings, but simply hear, with me, the case. This
matter stands adjourned till tomorrow, at ten
o'clock, when 1t must proceed"
George Wood was associated with Mr. West.
ern, counsel for the claimant by the Union Safety
Committee
The next day Tuesday the evidence having
been gone through with
"Mr. Jay rose and opened the case for defence
referring to the Constitution and the law Of 1893
also to the Commentaries Of Judge Story, &c
also stated a number of facts, exhibiting the man.
ner In which free colored persons are condemned
10 slavery in certain parts of the South, the OBJ
iect being to show that the law Of 1850 is differ
emit from that of 1893, which gave to person
claimed As slave the right Of appeal in the State
TO which he was carried while the law Of 1850
makes the certificate of the Commissioner final
and there is no redress 10 the State to which the
party is conveyed. He also contended, from Judge
Story's remarks, that the proof should be conclu-
sive, before q party is given up; also from the
fact that many free oolored persons are made, by
the police regulations in many States slaves, that
the mere performing of duties as slave was not
proof Of the party being one They would offer
proof beside, TO show that Henry was in New
York when be was said to be in Richmond
"Jndge Judson here liz being 3 o'clock said he
would take q recess for fifteen minutes being
troubled with disease In the throat. On return
ing, he said he WAS too unwell to proceed and the
case was adjourned TO Thursday, nj 10 oiciockn
The case was postponed from day to day till
Monday last, in consequence of the sickness OF
Judge Judson. II was to be renewed last Tues
day, before Judge Belts, if the indisposition Of
Judge Judson continued.
We find the following appeal in the Nsm York
Tribune:
"ArPEAL TO THE FRIENDS OF FREEDos.--lt has
become necessary to appeal TO the friends OF Law
and Freedom for funds to test the legality OF the
proceedings against Henry Long, under arrest ~
counsel should be retained TO defend Long IN the
courts in this city, and IL need be In the oaprems
Court of the United States, and TO have the heen'
ity and Of the prooeedings ABLY
argued. The course marked nay Involve 'he sA'
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

Everything, animate aud inanimate every pro-
duct Of nature and Of art every human being in
every position and condition of ffe-the sturdy
farmer, the busy mechanic, the industrious house.
keeper, the delicate refined lady, the polished
gentleman, the enlightened teacher the wise
statesman, and the noisy politician; in word,
everything which has physical existence, bears
visible testimony to the necessity Of this important
element Of mountains, rocks, and soils-oi quartz
sand" a common SOneo
Experiment Shake a tumbler, containing a
little newly Stacked lime and some water let the
tumbler stand till the lime settles and the water
becomes clear; pour the water into another tum-
bier and blow into it air from the lungs through a
Quill or pipestem; the clear water becomes tur-
bid with white flakes or sediment, by the carbon
ic acid from the lurgs uniting with the lime IN
the water, forming the carbonate Of lime.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
MASSACHUSETTS : LEGISLATURE ORGANIZED
BY THE COALITION.

The Legislature Of Massachusetts, convened at
Boston on Wednesday, January LIST, at II A. NJ.
Ia Senate, thirty-one members appeared, and
were qualified. Hon. David Sears Of Boston took
the Chair pro ism Hon. Henry Wilson of Mid
desex Free Soil was chosen President by the
united votes of the Democratic and Free Soil
Senator's, having IS votes to for Sears and |
scattering. Chsuncey l.. Knapp OPP was in
like manner chosen Secretary by 20 TO ~ for
Charles Calhoun, tWhig) late Clerk.
In the House, l.. NJ Parker Of Shirley called
to order, the members were sworn, and Nathaniel
p. Banks, jun. Of Waltham was chosen Speaker
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
For the N ational Era
THE BAPTISM.
BY MISS PHGBE CAREY.

From the waters Of sfiicton,
From her baptism of dark woe,
With her sweet eyes very mOurnful,
And her forehead like the snow
Came she up; and, o, how many
In such hours Of trial are seen,
When they faint with mortal weakness,
Knowing not wherein 10 lean.
With Der face upon my bosom,
Said she then in accent sad,
As she wound her arms about me-
was all the friend she had.
And told her, pushing backward
From her forehead like the snow,
All her tear wet tresses, dripping
With that baptism of dark woe
How, in all that great afflictiOn,
Loving hands had led her on,
When she came up from the waters,
Led her when her feet went down;
And that only the good Father,
He who thus her faith had tried
Could have brought her through the billOw.
Safely to the other side.
And told her how LIES pilgrims
Crossed that solemn stream beneath,
To brighter pathway leading,
Up the living hills of faith.
Lifting upward from my bosom
Then her forehead like the snow,
will weep, she said, no longer,
Therefore rise and let us go!
And, as one who walks untroubled
by no NOR al doubt or fear,
OFT we heard her, far above us,
Singing hymns Of lofty cheer
Till with feet that firmly balanced
On faiths summit rock she trod,
And beheld the shining bastions
az the city Of our God
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
VOL. Y.

penditure Of several thousand dollars Sbou,,
more be contributed than may be necessary ~
cause OF Long the balance will be sacredy ken,
iund 70 DC used in similar cases, should tbe1 o S
G Eur F MSney may be sent to Horace Greeley
- Editors friendly to the cause are resDeo,
auly anu earnestly requested to insert the otovo
"pP'ai anu 10 AID the same editorisllyD
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
THE NATIONAL ERA.
WASHINGTON, JANUARY 9, 1851
TO ADVERTISERS.

We have space for four or five columns of adj
vertisements; and it is very certain that no bet
gion-we are sure none so good. A circulation
of more than fifteen thousand, and that increas,
ing, the larger portion among the farmers and
country merchants in the interior, affords advan-
tages to advertisers such as they cannot always
command
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
COMPLETE THE WORK.

We hope subscribers will complete the work OF
renewing as speedily as possible. We have L.
sued large edition of the first number of the
new volume, 80 as to accommodate all who desire
to begin with the year. While renewing, let
them remember the terms
Two dollars per annum, Invariably III adOaHce.
Each subscriber renewing his subscription, and
sending US two NE subscribers, shall have the
three copies for FIVE dollars Clubs five copies
for eight dollars ten copies for fifteen dollars.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
FRIEND OF YOUTH.

The second number of the new volume will be
sent out tomorrow. Subscribers, by sending their
names may yet obtain complete files. There has
been some delay this year on the part of renew
ing. We hope all will remember that its terms
require payment in advance, without which no
paper is furnished.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

Is the Mother-in-Law published in book
form pa Correspondent.
Not yet-we understand that it is the inten-
tention of the author to have an edition out ere
long
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

A New DAILY FREE Soil PAPER has been
started in Massachusetts,, under the title Of" The
Commonwealth" The Chronotype and the Boston
Republic are merged in it, and MIR. Wright, of
the Chronotype is to be one of its editors. The
Free Soil men of Massachusetts needed daily in
Boston; and it will doubtless prove powerful
auxiliary to their movements. We have not yet
seen the paper
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

MY SUMNER WTH Dr.. SINeLETARY," chap
ter second, next week
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

on hand, which will appear from time to time, as
we may find room
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

by the ooalesced Democratic and Free Soil mem
bers, the vote being
For Nathaniel p. Banks jun. 2l2
For Ensign II. Kellogg wv of Pittsfeld ia
pants,s majority 50
Lewis Josselyn of Lynn was in like manner
chosen Clerk, having 1893 votes to ls5 for c. w.
Storey (ste Wing Clerk and one scattering.
A Joint committee was then appointed to count
the votes for Governor, and the two House then
adjourned to 0 o'clock to-day.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

ducing enough to sustain, In the cheapest and
scantiest manner, her teeming black population
The Federal Government, then, is called upon
to favor the expansion Of slavery, for the purpose
of perpetuating it with profit in the States where
it now exists This claim involves a demand that
il shall do all it can to foster the internal slave
trade Still further-its fostering care is invoked
for system of labor which, it is asserted by Mr..
Shepard, must always be San exhausting and i'm
povershing one to the soil, and even now, except
upon the best rice and cotton and sugar planta-
tions, is not remunerativs and if maintained
without an outlet for the surplus laborers is des
tined TO oyerwhelm the South in ruin. Are Free
Sellers TO be blamed for desiring to see the march
OF such an evil arrested-for insisting that the
Federal Government should interpose its power
for the protection of our vast territorial posses
sions from its blasting influences
Mr. Shepard draws fearful spectacle of the
condition of the South, should the expansion Of
slavery be prevented. II is fancy sketch. Let
it be once clearly and finally understood that not
one foot more Of soil shall be given up to slavery,
that upon the ground it now occupies it must
work out its ultimate results, and we have no fear
that the energy and good sense Of the People OF
the South will not take timely measures to pro-
vide against the evils depicted by Mr. Shepard.
Whenever Slave Labor shall cease throughout
the South to be remunerative, and each State
shall have passed laws to prevent the importation
of slaves so that they shall be Invested of all
transferable value, the question of emancipation
will be taken up and calmly discussed in every
State, with view to the substitution Of free for
slave labor That this result will be fastened
by the exclusion of slavery from California and
the Territories, there can be no doubt but that
the prospect of such result will induce extraor-
binary efforts for the introduction Of slavery into
New Mexico and Utah, for the annexation Of
Cuba, and the Redistribution of slavery in Hsyti,
there is Just as little doubt.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09

Everything animate aud inanimate every pro-
duct Of nature and Of art every human being in
every position and condition Of life-the sturdy
farmer, the busy mechanic, the industrious house.
keeper, the delicate refined lady, the polished
gentleman, the enlightened teacher, the wise
statesman, and the noisy politician in word,
everything which has physical existence, bears
visible testimony to the necessity of this important
element Of mountains, rocks, and soils-of quartz,
sand" a common stonen
Experiment Shake a tumbler, containing n
little newly Stacked lime and some water let the
tumbler stand till the lime settles and the water
becomes clear; pour the water into another tum-
bier and blow into it air from the lungs through a
Quill or pipestem; the clear water becomes tur-
bid with white flakes a sediment by the carbon
ic acid from the lurgs uniting with the lime in
the water, forming the carbonate of lime.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
AGRICULTURAL GEOLOGY-NO. 4.
by JOSIAH HoLRRooK.

Feldspar is composed Of four oxydes-silex,
alumina or clay, iron, and potash slick predom-
mates OF quartz, in all IFS varieties it is almost
the entire elements of feldspar, it is the princ-
pal aluminous or clay soils contain frequently
twice as much slick as alumina the quantity Of
iron and potash in feldspsr is small not often over
two or three per Gent,
IL appears then that sand is composed OF two
oxydes or chemical combinations, again combined
by the same agency. Feldspar or clay is compos-
ed Of four oxydes, also combined by chemical
affinity TO form compound still more complex
than quartz or sand. The quartz and feldspar are
combined by a mechanical mixture to form rocks
and soils.
Ii hence follows that, in these two principal ell
ements of soils, quartz and feldspar or sand and
clay are not less than six combinations Of ulti-
mate principles or oxygen and metals all by
chemical affinity and two combinations at least Of
those compounds forming those two elements
These six chemical compounds, again compounded
by chemical agency, are then united by mechan.
icnl mixtures 10 form rocks and coils
Quartz and feldspar are not the only essential
elements Of soils, but also among the most i'm
portant materials in the arts Of civilization The
principal material Of glass is quartz that Of
porcelain feldspar. The presence Of potash, soda,
or some alkaline substance acting as iux Is In
dispensable in the manufacturing Of each Of these
important articles Of domestic economy.
After performing the important agency Of pro-
ducing vegotation-of course furnishing our
wheat our corn, our beet, and our pork-quartz
OF n porous character constitutes the French burr,
for changing grains into flour Pulverzed quartz,
cemented by iron into sandstone forms our
grindstones, for sharpening the axes and chsels
Of the mechanic aud the knives and scissors Of
the housekeeper, For some animals it is essen
iial to the process Of digestion fowls cannot live
without H.
The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1851-01-09
THE CASE OF HENRY LONG.

The case of Henry Long, noticed in our last
weeks number, was transferred to the United
States Circuit Court, on the sixth day Of the
trial, on haJeas corpus issued by Judge Judson.
"The Judge remarked that from what has been
stated to him, and the claimant having produced
evidence Of discharge Of the case by the Commits
sioner, that matter will not be gone farther into
| say, without newspaper or other influences, !
will give ample time for the trial Of this case on
it's merits, and will also say that have invited
my brother Belts Judge b to take seat along
side of me- He will take no part Ia the proceed
ings but simply hear, with me, the case. This
matter stands adjourned till tomorrow, at ten
o'clock, when 1t must proceed"
George Wood was associated with Mr. West
ern, counsel for the claimant by the Union Safety
Committee.
The next day Tuesday the evidence having
been gone through with
uMr Jay rose and opened the case for defence,
referring to the Constitution and the law of 793
also to the Commentaries of Judge Story, &c
also stated number Of facts, exhibiting the man.
ner in which free colored persons are condemned
to slavery in certain parts Of the South, the OBJ
ject being TO show that the law Of 1850 is differ
ent from that of 1893, which gave to person
Clalmeu AS u Save tue VI appear IN Tue SI9te
to which he was carried, while the law of 1850
makes the certificate Of the Commissioner fnal,
and there is no redress in the State to which the
party is conveyed. He also contended, from Judge
Story's remarks, that the proof should be conclu-
sive, before q party is given mp; also from the
fact that many free colored persons are made, by
the police regulations in many States, slaves that
the mere performing of duties as slave was not
proof Of the party being one They would offer
proof beside, to show that Henry was in New
York when he was said to be in Richmond
"Jndge Judson here lit being 3 o'clock said he
would take q recess for fifteen minutes being
troubled with disease in the throat On return
ing, he said he was too unwel to proceed, and the
case was adjourned to Thursday, at 10 o'clockn
The case was postponed from day to day till
Monday last in consequence Of the sickness Of
Judge Judson. II was to be renewed last Tues
day, before Judge Belts, il the indispostion Of
Judge Judson continued
We find the following appeal in the Nsr York
Tribune:
"ArPEAL To THE FRIENDS OF FREEpom.-It has
become necessary to appeal TO the friends OF Law
and Freedom for funds to test the legality OF INC
proceedings against Henry Long, under arrcs. ::
a fugitive slave. 1t is desirable that eminsus
counsel should be retained TO defend Long IN 'ns
courts in this city, and II need be, in the
Court of the United States, and 10 have the nIsssr
ity and unconsitutionality Of the proceedings soy
argued. The course marked nay Involve WV "a