New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-12-24

vinogs settlements OF Ne ~ Eng! and the cevelop-
Heut OF the principle OF Democr nv becomes n ore
are uors msikei ret we have Tiyat 70 i0fer
that the Pilgrims themselves or their successes Al!
Sale u or Boston ever asaed Shai AZ saS their dcs
Tiny 70 become the founCers Of great democratic
communities The idea OF The sovereignty OF tbs
people Fever presented Itself 10 thou minds saf II
had It would have received very llste isvot Ru.
Is IS nevertheless true that nom the beginning tho
| Inevitable current OF events ssept toward Demo
| cratic lnSttuiIc1s aud With the ele meats then a.
| work zone other were possible. Tas grea; doc
IiHe OF TIE Reformation. JUSTIFICATION oy faith, alone
| had political as veil as 4 religious consequence
lie Who hac attained TO bliss through the panss ofa
! new spiritual birth. he whom God from the Ossia.
nDg. by virtue o. his eternal grace, hal chosen 10
| reconcile, could not but Apply searching INJURY
| 20 any system OF social or civil poty which made
| u on earth . passive instrument or 20 eFsys
/ slave. The doctrines OF the Purians upDa church
government which Al ways nela them IN the same pish
OF congregation alism. Is the principle OF democracy
applied 10 the ecCleastical state. When ooiy OF
men. gathered together under the name OF A church.
found themselveS qualified for the duties OF self gov
eminent, they very naturally began 70 feel Quaaed
| Tor the task of municipal government Thus the
town was Of twin birth VITA tae parish or religious
society. These tendencies flo wing from the rellgl
Gus opinion Of the early settlers OF Massachusetts,
and strengthened by the fact that they drawn
from the middle ranks of life, met upon the basIs Of
common social equality. Ali these elements no viewer
might have been counteacted and the foundations Of
arstocrscy laid, had II not been for the abundance
and cheapneSs OF land, and land too OF such mode
rate prooucIiyeness that 1t could only be made avail
able by general labor and an aIIssocTacy can never
DC formed except upon the basis OF something like
exclusive privilege Of the land that the people
are divided into LANDLORDS and tenants. No such
thing took place IN New England.
The early emigrations having been undertaken
sain seIe S H aaa mol 59m
capitalists who might have stipulated for man0rs
puIcipalites In return for their becoming part
in the enterprise. This II the essential prlnc
pc IN New England, in which the superiority OF It's
people consists. The cheapness and abundance OF
lI.d-ferile enough to reward labor, bu. not TO IN
ytc capitalized TO the Development OF institutions
Cmcodylng the principle Of self government more
Than ever before known in the history OF the world
Ar impslse was given in the same direction In the
ears establishment OF her system OF free schools
lckoersI-by which provision vas made for the ecu
cation of every child At the public expense. For the
hist time ia the history OF mankind the principle
~as laid Gown and earned INTO practical apple tti0n
tht the education of youth the duty OF the State.
The expense Of which was 20 be betrayed BY tax
upon property, by which those who had no children
were bound to contribute AS much as those who had
applause Education was Justly regarded AS the
right Of all and not the privilege OF the few II vas
recognized as an element of protection, in which all
bound TO contribute. The Parish, the Reii-
gious Society the Town and the Common SCHOOL,
have been, and the CHARACTERISTIC institutions OF
New England BY them and through them we are
what We are. and have wka. we have. They were
not exotles, traDsplanted from another cline, but
were the spontaneous growth OF the SOIL and their
roots were twined round the hDers OF the popular
heMt
They all wrought together for the common good
They fed the Soul from the Tree OF Life and the
MIND from the Tree of knowledge They formed
the instinct OF social order and practically taught
men how TO build themselves into a State town
meeting does not usually call forth much emotion or
reelection ia those who are its observers but rs
most pregnant and instructive spectacle 10 IS inc
primitive political moaad entire within ITSELF anu
competent to complete lis appointed WORK, ana a.
the same time furnishing the broad aud deep onnda
ton on which the more comprehensive functions OF
the State repose The facility with which thoy
hpS he act they
the elements OF their powers and the respect which
they show TO the letter OF the warran, whch Calls
them together are supposed by every one 10 oc mat
ter of course belonging 10 man as man. but no.
they the precious oequesthed 70 us by the
tolls and the suferings OF our falhers. By .neh u
the citizen distinguishes from the SUBJECT ihey aro
the transmitted instincts OF regulated liberty
In these facilities the security OF our insu-
tutons resides They keep US in thai state
OF suitable equilibrium which makes reyolu
ton impossible The essential principle OF
the civil polity of New England 10 that there shall
be the maximum of administration and the MN
mum OF government. Nothing shall De done by tho
town which can be done by the school district
Nothing shall be done by the country that can be
cone by the town, and nothing by the State 'nas
can be done BY the country. Power Is AepI as uuch
as possibi- ,hc hands OF those most exposed to
suiier from It's abuse. conservative element Is
sought not in the limitation of political rights, but
ia the multiplication of peli,ie.i '..'- aArpl....,'
But IN the history OF our country, two great prtnc
Piles religion faith ami civil liberty, nave oeen
In harmonious cooperation, aud not IN mutual
been the euomos Of progress, nor las there been
Ssen that IA al alliance 80 Cfien Observed on the
CcLuIeht Of Europe between liberty and irelision,
ror have the Ea1nc steps OF revo!lton mIshsied
Is furits and lighted by the torches from the IRE
brai cs Of he'll. lChsers The happiness and pros
petty VI II country are the results OF the mutual
acisCu AMI ieictfou Il these two great principles
I hst relg Gus faith which Vas so powerful as
cheerful hop, SPIN presence To our iathers
~ their DAY If SoITOn aHd small things is not lees
important n the VA d,Hrg @hiTl OF success AS mas
tetntruy nnhed by Coiercge, "Tne TWO aIts'
oIist powers or opposlte-nird, ! say opposite,
rot COAtraTy-oyp0site interests oil STATE uhueI
which all OlheT nleicsts are c0apnsed are th0se d
peImaueIoe adWosIess; ne Lioh.sI problem %
roliiicai wisdom rs 20 bierd these tao powers IN
harmonious and concUHIns eG1ih-tilm an VIC
TO- ch races q sLiiquiy, Lot Oniy those lost Tue
rfize no failed 10 reach the god beofe their coo.
petliors but those also who ran 50 teesessH thas
he usht they carried was txtDguNhed 30 u IS
with the nations 70 whom lie sacfcd hre OF nOery
IS entrusted They must guard the lame "hi they
tJu the race. prolonged applause There IS an
analogy between the perfect maa ana me pencc'
state the perfect All IL Dot a nan Without pas
si,LS Il thai wouiG be an Impossible monster OH
man In y HON reason and conscience are 5"uhB
p,pcipies-ln whoa the pesslOLS are SIMPLY proper
las IN pulses. never sUppyias th.n Own emo dnuop'
iecI so perfect stale ID hat IN WHICH the reason
clio 1Olst!eLCe OF he community, speaking Oy sne
voice Of law, conuol the passions Working 10
tL.n appointed sphere OF moral Development la
EnelsId. the only country IN Europe "hch ono
any hing Ike pHfalei 10 our own, The eIeiheha o'
80 ~ efce IA sought III lie landed interest Tue
H,usc Of Lords beng IN theory. and to cousicers
bic extent. IN fact, assembly OF lhe sftA iaoeu
rrtatf> Our Institutions secure 20 Us the iSrges'
ntasure ii the elements u progress because eacn
Individual feels himself 20 be part oil ine o~ls anu
pOurs cut tie RAPID cuuents VI AIS own NEAR W
I'll he roe IN v bich the nation IS boIae. The
sprit OF tie living creatoIe Il N the Hhees Oi tis
butwLere is the power OF pefDanence TO come rom
II as secuted, IN stne ntas Ia we uPpeta ,t
Of our Legislature. Which Is supposed 10 reneo' tne
CEN erative wisdom VI the nation more DISTINCTLY
ihan he ycpuar body but as they botn resi- on tne
sane basls OF MINERAL suhIage, tae security 'hus
aao,d.d Is rather formal than substantial. me An
tseouist;csl lower iced cannot be sJN5ht IN CON
b,i atioL Of mechanical coTIrlvaLces when All arc
az in motO on by The same popular VII Oh, u !hus'
resiae IA tie POPULAR Coincidence. All aPpfecla
non az risht ard wrong founded on Distinctions
running deep III the patux OF man must oe
a contioiiug elemel. IN politics Inc eiscu'e
fa1 elise must be held to be trust as "ei! as
,isM eocless democracy, ia which The peso