davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The southern press., 1851-10-27

Sugar Plantations.
Manufacturers Of Railway, Bar, Round Ribbon,
and Rod Iron
Wheel, Axle, and Spring Makers.
Engine Drivers, and Persons connected with the
Locomotive generally.
Engineers, and Captains of Steam Vessels.
Managers of Stationary Engines.
Lumber Dealers and owners OF Saw Mills.
Veneer Cutters.
Owners of Paning Machinery.
Corn Millers, and Persons connected with Boiling
aud n-Separating Machinery.
Farmers and Persons using Grain-Shelling and
Thresning Machinery.
Buhl Workers, Carvers Engravers, and Ornamen,
Makers in general.
Persons employed in the Manufacture of Gas.
Mixers Of Copper and Lead Tubing.
Linen and Straw Paper Makers.
Ship Owners, Harbor Masters and others inter
ested in Dredging Machinery.
Well Sinkers.
Astronomers, Philosophers, and others using Phil
osopbical Apparatus and Instruments.
Miners Engineers, and other interested in Pump
ing Engines s..-s,
Persons interested in Canals and Aqueducts.
Warehousemen, and o,ners, using Hydraulic
Presses, Dynanon,etric Cranes, Jack Screws,
Common and Feed Cranes.
Workers in Metals and Alloys.
i in Plate Workers.
Spring Manufacturers
Wheelwrghts, Clock Makers Horologists, &c.
The publishers have expended large sum OF
money to get original drawings OF machinery IN
practical use in this country and have procured
almost every work on the subject, whether pno-
lished in England, France, or Germany, the most
essential parts of which being comprised in this
Dictionary render it as perfect and comPrehen-
sive as possible The publishers have endeavored
TO use great economy in type, so that each page OF
the work contains at least four times the number
Of words found in ordinary pages OF the same size
This has also secured to each plate worklny-draw-
ngs of ample size and clearness, SO that Mechanic
may construct accurately any machine described
The publishers are, in short determined, regard
less of cost to make the work as complete as pos
sible and it is hoped every one desrous TO OBTAIN
the work will procure il as issued IN numbers, ana
thus encourage the enterprise.
The work will be issued in semi-monthly num-
bers, commencing in January, 1850, and VIII pro-
gress with great regularity.
The whole work will be published in 40 NUM-
bers at 25 cents per number, and completed WIN,
in the current year, 1850 liberal discount VIII
be made to agents.
Any one renting the publishers $40 in advance
shall receive the work through the posi- Office free
Of expense.
Notice TO Propriefors Of Newspapers throughout The
United States and Canada.
fthe foregoing advertisement is inserted hive
times DUR the year, and the paper containing IL
sent TO us, copy Of tie work Will be sent gratis
IN payment.
The southern press., 1851-10-27
American statistics.

short time past we published some statistics
relative to the number OF soldiers supplied from
the different States 10 the revolutionary war De
Bows Commercial Review gives some tables re-
Iative to this and other subjects of equal interest,
which we copy.
l. The number of soldiers furnished by the
American States during the revolution, and the
population of each State in 1890 and IN lS4I.
g. Principal battles of the revoution' their sew
eral dates, commanders-in-chief, and losses on
each side.
g. Amount Of continental money issded 10 sup
mort If q war and the estimated cost IN speci
The southern press., 1851-10-27
FOR CALIFORNIA, via CHAGRES.

WIIHOUI DEIE.NIIO.N III fs1Ns1M.4'
TIME United States Mail Steamship Company
Il will despatch the splendid double-engine
steamship GEORGIA, on Wednesday, Dec. IL,
at o clock, p. M, from the pier, foot OF Warren
street, North river, New York, with the Govern
ment mails and passengers for San Francisco
and intermediate ports.
The connexion at Panama will be carefully
kept up, and passengers for San Francisco are
guaranteed that they will not be delayed at Pana-
ma beyond the usual stay in port.
The books now open, and passage can be
secured at the following rates
FROM NEW YORK TO CHaGRES.
Standee berth, forward saooon 81
Steerage berth, found bed e. separate table 50
FROM PANAMA TO SAN FRANCISCO.
Steerage berth, found bed & separate table $50
FROM NEW YORK.
Staie-room. Standee. Siserdge
To Charleston or Savannah $25 $40 $40
f. TO H HavanS n;. 70 So So - y
Freight to New Orleans 80 cents per cubic foot
Freight to Havana will be taken in limited
quantity at reasonable rates.
Passengers for Chagres will be transferred at
Havana to the new and splendid steamship Pa
CIFIC.
To secure freight or passage, apply at the office
OF the company, II West street, corner OF War
rem steet, to M o, ROBERTS.
SPECIAL NOTICE is given 10 shippers by this
line, that the company have prepared form of
bill of ladng adapted to their business, which will
be furnished to shippers on application at the
company's office, and with which they re-
quested to provide themselves, no ether form
will be signed by the agents of the company. A.
bills of ladng must be signed before the sailing OF
vessel. Dec. Z, 1850.
The southern press., 1851-10-27

rDHE Subscriber returns his thanks tn the
il public and the old customers Of SiMNs & SoN
and informs them that THE GROCERY AND
WINE BUSINESS heretofore carried on by them,
is confined by EpwARD SMMs ne has added
full and fresh supply of the finest TEAS, BLACK
AND GREEN, FRESH GROCbhibS, &C. and
has also ON hnnd a full assortment of the hnest
WINE. and will be sold at the lowest rates,
smongst- which will be found 100 baskets Of the
choicest brands of Champagne, Hook, and Cnrct
Wines, Of the rurest kinds.
EDWARD SlAASy
The southern press., 1851-10-27
MEMORIAL,

tn The Senate and House Of Representatives. ofthe
United States in Congress assembled The memo.
rial of the undersigned, respectfully represents that
tbev are entitled to Bounty Land, under the act
of 18Th of September 1850, that they are informed
and believe that the INDICATED warrants are worth
more to them than the patented lands would be
that they do not expect or dsaire TO reside on tho
land thus granted; that Il patented to them, the
expense of agencies and taxes will be an ANNUAL
charge. reducing the value Of the grant, which
thew could avoid if permitted to sell the warrant
Your memoriaats further represent that the law,
by preventing the sale of the warrants, assur e.
that the officers and volunteers entitled to bounty
lands. are not competent TO act for themselves,
whereas many Of them are among the most intel
ligent and respectable cti=sns of the States They
therefore respectfully ask that the act aforesaid
NAV be SO noJrHed as 70 make The warrants FOE
bo;inty lands sssignable, and they VIII ever
pray, &c,
The southern press., 1851-10-27
CITY, MONDAY, 81,
1 Aw AND AGENCY oFFI IcE. The under

I AW AND AGENCY Off The under
/ 4 signed, Attorneys and Agents, practice Law
in the Supreme Court of the United States, and
the Courts of the District of Columbia. and attend
promptly TO claims against the United States, Ia
cluding the settlement OF all accounts of officers
and agents Of the Government, Bounty Lands,
Pensions, Return of Duties, Patents for new IN
ventions, &C., DC.
They tender their services to members of the
profession at u distance, and when the case in
prepared by lo.al agent will abate one-half their
usual fee. All information relative to the forms
and usages OF business in any of the Departments
will be furnished TO regular correspondence
without charge. They have made arrangements
for the payment OF axes and for the sale or loca
ton of bounty land warrants on the best Western
lands
ITohiee on p, :naylvania avenue, Lane
fuckers Building
DUFF GREEN,
BEN. L. GREEN,
KICH'D. Ii. CLARKE
Oct. l4-3taw3m
The southern press., 1851-10-27
PREMIUM.

PREMIUM.
Any person sending us three subscribers will be
entitled 10 a copy Of the " History Of Propellers
and Steam Navigation" )" repubshed in book form
nov in press, to be ready about the tra' OF oc-
tober. IL will be one of the most complete works
upon the subject ever issued, aud will contain
about ninety engravings'
Oct 22-tf
T IFE INSURANCE.-Briti Commercial
| Life Insurance Company, established 10 1920,
and empowered by act Of Parliament, for the In
surance OF Lives and Survlvorshlps, and lhe en-
dovment of Children, &C., &c,i CAPlTA A l.
THREE MILLION DOLLARS!
ss-of6ce Sd story Colonization Buildings,
neaf jackson Hall, Pennsylvania avenue, Wash
inton city, ID. G .,.,,,o,,,e,o,,
October oI lS50-dR
The southern press., 1851-10-27
THIRD ANNUAL EXHIBITION

MsryIand state Agricultural socley'
PPEAL TO THE MEMBERS OF THE MnRfLAhp 1Iy I.'aD
~ STATE AGRICULTURAL LSociErf.-" - oad
that YOU should bear in mind, that on Tue ~ou
Oath. and 25th days Of October, your society WIN
hold its annual Exhibition and Far al tns c,ig
Baltimore and we appeal to you, one ana ai'' "
bring for exhibition thereat portions Oh your
the products of your orchards, aud g your .-a.
Don 4 presume that any animal, or prouuct' you
,nov own is inferior to others that VIII De here'
and he thus deferred from bringing then' as II 10
anlv bv comparison that the relative merits Oh any
thing can be determined The safer Presu'iPt'on
for YOU to arrive at, will be that "na' you no.
il ~ good if not better than that OF others' anu
thai IL behooves YOU to galantly enter the ust oi
competition if defeated honorabiy' ana .ile mn
character of the Judges is guarantee tna' you
can be defeated in no other way' you WV .a9oy sn
the luxury of knowing that others "efe '''0'
tiled to success than yoursei.
And while we address you to bring sucn o.,
as are properly in your department, we crave pc
mission to solicit your interest, to induce you
,cipes and daughters to bring whatever aPPel.ai'
to their peculiar departments, as emoTo'ae' " 49,
hold manufactures, the proaIefs o. He ua"s a :,
the poultry yard, preserpeS, domeSi'c "'e'' 20
tions and above all things, to come henlSe'o.si 10
,,,fho,f ,oonan and the beautiful elaooraiioS " e
aste and genius, no display can DC PERFECT
To the Manufacturers Of .4gricuitnra i"'P'enle";'
and Tools we would say, that ih'eI COZ a - rro
otism both combine to enJoin upon yCu - w.. rao
priety of making grand eXhioiuoh VI J',;oas
chnery of all kinds, from our presen' az
we are led to believe that the assembly, s,r.ngers
srs and planters and of distinguished si nPS 10
aa greater Gs than % any former occasion here
Elsewhere We therefore say to the ,ls ~ 60.
Implemer makers and Mechanics Of the onea Ssa
make il matter of pride to display your o,hsr , in
nsrv at our exhibitions and vie with each ol'iei -
hety a. ths thu best and largest assortment on the
eround. Such ambition is lspdabe-s ~OTeny TN bs y,
American genius, and should be cherished Oy 'H'
American heart. lro will con.
I5- Editors with whom we exchange VIII 0o"'
er a favor by copying this notice'
The southern press., 1851-10-27

UJILLIAM TUCKER, MEBGHANr AaUhi aUid
w 1of the late firm of Lane & Tucker'2 wouIu
call the attention of his friends and the Puons Rich
,r,l,y to his stock Of Goods now opening, Wi,c ;'
Saa Sssn selected by himself from the largest I'M
nap,;os houses in New York. and by far the great,
pofu ags,v and richest styles offered IN tins
city Strangers are respectfully and earnestly .oa be- be-
cied give me call and eha;d,, sann, will be to
fore purchasing, as am cohhue"'
their advantage.
And would especially call the attention OF sso, %,
hcers, both of the army and the navy 10 ihe as'
thai am prepared execute all kinds Of aniors
according 10 the late regulations al .ne nth IN
The cutting and making departments, equal 10 any
establishment in this country. ,: u,,,oer-
w. T. tenders his sincere thanks 10 ms .Innare n.
Gus friends for therlong and continued pauT; -
and hopes, by the same diligence am. anu na,ns
business, to merit a continuance OF the same
All orders promptly executed
aep 20-3tw3w-d&trw
The southern press., 1851-10-27
RoTlxICo nEDIsGL COLLEGE OF 0aio.

rI,HE Winter Course Of Lectures IN the Meuiss go
Department Of tfe Cincinnati Literary ana SCI @
,nfife Institute, (fomerly the Literary ana DO
TANGO Medical College of Ohio,) will be resumed
IN the College Ed,6ce, Third street, east of Broad
wev. on Monday the Sd of November. pre-,
l;minary course on Anatomy, Physlology, ana
oneretiye Surgery, will be commenced on the 9TH
81 fOc,ober. There were fveipe iodss IN the Spring
class, and the most Of these and many otherA,
:d.J bv some OF the sblest and truest men IN the
a.nrs n reform. The College Edihce Is elegant
III .any.n,eot, and sbundauuy supplied with
Everything essential 70 bs ILLUSTRATION OF every de-
partmsnt Of medcine.
The southern press., 1851-10-27
MPDICAI, COLLEGE OF THE STATE OF
SOUTH CAROLINA.

MEDICAL COLLEGE OF THE STATE OF
SOUTH CAROLINA.
UHE Annual COURSE OF LECTURES, IN IN this his
Instftution will commence on the nrst .ao''dGy
N November next, on the following brancheSi
Anatomy, by J. Holbrook, NJ. ID, =,
ina,;,,',es and Practice Of Medicine, by s Hen
nv Dickson, NJ. ID.
Surgery, by E. Geddings, M D.
pbvsioloey, by James Moultrie, NJ. ID:
Materia Medica, by Henry II. Frost, IA. u.
obstetrics, by Thos q, Prio.eau, M u.
Chemistry, by G. u. shepard "a, y, =,
DR.. d, J. Cain, Physician to the Marine boz
pital and Clinical Instructor Lectures t"l'e
week on the Diseases Of thut Institution.
DIR. Z. b. Flsgg, Physclon to the Aims House
.ectnres twice week on Diseases.
Demonstrntive instruction in Medicine and Sur
eery at the College Hospital,
sN'' HENRY Il FROST, M. d., Dean.
The southern press., 1851-10-27
BRIrISH HCOBMERCIAL LIFEINSUR-
ANCE COMPANY.
BEEBE's NEW YORK HATsuH

CNTEVENS, No I, Broion's Hotel, has just re-
- ceived further and full supply Of Beebe's
Hats. Also, II complete assortment of his own
make, of every quality and style. Gentlemen
wishing Hats Of fancy shapes can have their or
STEVENS great Hat, Cap, and
Gents Quitting Establishment, No. Browns
Hotel.
Nov. 30-Gtf. Intel. Repub. Union,)
The southern press., 1851-10-27

DRESS CoMBS.-We are just opening al
| J other and prettier assortment of those hand
some Rope and Chain pattern Shell and Bufiaio
Dress Tuck Combs; prices from 81 to $50 eacn
Also, 900 different patterns Spanish Dress tani
Laces from rs cents to $40 each.
The southern press., 1851-10-27
PLAINS, BLANKETS, KERsEYs AND
FLANNELS

cUE SUBSCRIBERS, Direct Importers of all
/ WooLEN GOODS, have just received per
Ships, "Gunare," "orion," and Somerset,
from Liverpool, their fall supply Of PLAINS,
KFPsFYSi WHITE and COI,DRRD blank
FITS. WHITE, RED, BLUE and GREEN
Ef .ANNEL BLANKETING, Guernsey Shirts,
Kimaroock Caps, Scotch Bonnets, &c, &c, ex,
nrsssv suited 70 our Southern Planters trade, and
10 an inspection Of which, they confidently IN
yite all who visit the Charleston Market
C. g. f. l.. KERRIsoN d CO.,
900 kim At north west cor, King q Market SITS.
S'S Cbarlsston, Sept 3
The southern press., 1851-10-27
FOR CALIFORNIA.
UNITED STATES MAIL MSHIP
CoMPANY-TH THROUGH PASSAGE TO
CALIFORNIA.


FJNH 4 public will be gratfed to learn that the
| United States Mail Steamship Company are en-
abed TO announce that their arrangements are now
complete for sending passengers through from
New York to San Francisco and back.
In the first attempts Of this Company to meet
the wants OF travel to California, by providing
ships the Pacific, in connection with their
ships from New York TO Chagres, they were pre-
vailed upon, at the urgent solicitation of the great
number then desirous To go out, to sell tickets for
through passages from Panama in advance, for
their ships then golns round This done
from a desire to accommodate those who could
procure passages in no other quarter, and by
which, Whatever might be the detention, they
would reach San Francisco sooner than by any
other line. Unforeseen difficulties, and the preva-
lence Of fever at Rio de Janeiro at the time, pre-
vented their ships from reaching Panama as soon
as anticipated, and caused detention at the 18TH
mus, which was increased by the mpanence of
passengers i'll going forward, against the advice
of the Company, at an earlier day than the ship
could possibly reach Panama.
These Interruptions now all removed.
Three of the four ships OF the Company, intended
for the Pacific service, have arrived at Panama,
and several of them have performed trips to San
Francisco and back. So that the Company are
now able to give the public the assurance that the
voyage through from New York to San Fran
cisco, will be performed with regularity and des-
patch
cisco, consists of the
REPUBLIC, Capt. HUDSON.
ITHMUS, Capt. HIrcHcocx.
COLUMBUS, Capt. PECK.
ANTELOPE, Capt. AcKLEY.
Their Atlantic and Gulf Line, from New York
to Chagres, of the
GEORGIA, Capt. PORTER, U. S. N.
OHIO, Capt. ScHENcK, u. s. N.
FALCON, Capt. HARrsTEIN, U. 5. N
The connection between the two lines will be
carefully and regularly kept up, so that no delay
beyond the usual stay of the ship in port at Pana-
ma, will arise.
The large size, well known speed, and superior
accommodations Of their New York and Chagres
Line, and the speed and accommodations OF the
ships of their Pacific Line, offer the most certain,
rapid and pleasant through passage to California.
M o. ROBERTS,
Cor Warren and West sts., New York.
Aug. l5-lm
The southern press., 1851-10-27
THE BRITISH PERIODICALS AND THE
FARMERS GUIDE.
Oct. l4-3taw3m. .

| EONARD SCOTT d Co., No. 81 Gold street
IL Ntc York, continue to publish the four lead
ing British Quarterly Reviews and Blackwood'
Magazine; in addition to which they have recent
ly commenced the publication of Il valuable Agrl-
cultural work, called the
" FARMERS GUIDE TO SCIENTIFIC AND PRAcrIcAL
AGRICULTURE"
By HENRY STEPHENS, f. r. s.. Of Edinburgh, au-
thor of the "Book Of the Farm, &C., &C.. assisted
by JOHN p. NoRroN, M "A, New Haven, Professor
OF Scientific Agriculture in Yale College, &c, &c
This highly valuable work will comprise two
large royal octave volumes, containing over 400
pages, with lS or go splendid steel engravings,
and more than 600 engravings on wood, in the
highest style Of the art illustrating almost every
implement of husbandry now in use by the best
farmers, the best methods Of ploughing, planting,
haying, harvesting &C., &C., the various domes-
tic animals in their highest perfection; in short,
the pictorial feature of the book liz unique, and
will render 1t of incalculable value to the student
of agriculture.
The work is being published in semi-monthy
numbers of Ga pages each, exclusive Of the Steel
engravings, and is sold at 25 cents EACH IS for
the entire work in numbers, OF which there will be
at least twenty-five.
The British Periodicals re-published are fol-
lows, VIZ:
The LONDON QUARTERLY REVIEW (Conservative),
The EDINBURGH REVIEW (Whig),
The NoRTH BRITIsH REVIEW (Free Church),
The WESTMINSTER REVIEW (Liberal.)
AND
BLAcKwooD's EDEBURcH MAGAZINE (Tory).
Although these works distinguished by the
political shades above indicated, yet but small
portion of their contents is devoted political sub
jects. Ii is their literary character which gives
them their chief value, and in that they stand con.
fessedly far above all other journals oftheir class
Biack,oood, still under the masterly guidance of
Christopher North, maintains its ancient celebrity,
and is, at this time unusually attractive, from the
serial works OF Bulwer and other literary notabes,
written for that magazine, and first appearing in
it's columns both in Great Britain and in the United
States. Such works as "rhe Caxtons" and an y
New Novel" (both by Bulwer,) "My Peninsular
Medal ""The Green Hand" and other serials,
Of which numerous rival editions are issued by the
leading publishers in this country, have to be rel
printed by those publishers from the pages o.
Black wood after IL has been issued by Juess. Scot
&, Co., 40 that subscribers to the reprint of that
Magazine may always rely on having the earliest
reading of these fascinating tales
The southern press., 1851-10-27
N O Il | G. T..

MEMBERS OF CONGRESS having books
that belong to the Lbrury ofthe House of Repre-
sentatives, are requested to return them this week
with their names upon them, 30 that their se-
counts may be properly credited ..
~. WILLIAMS, Lib, III ks
The southern press., 1851-10-27
Npxxy FANCY GOODS

WIN. RE RECEIVING every day during
w nv, we,k. a beautiful assortment OF ran''
Goods suitable for PRESENTS, &c Also d
large assortment of fresh Perfumery, roma'uGrS
SOAPS, Hair-washes, and every article Perta'nmS S
to the toilet. PhNhM M EN- Na,;on.I 4 otel
Fancy Store, Penn. sy', near Ne''o"'' ''O
sep21-3td
The southern press., 1851-10-27
II T. X M s..


For Farmers Guide Complete in % Nos.) 500
Payments TO be made in all cases in .8dpanee)
CLUBBING
A discount of Twenty-Five per cent from the above
prices will be allowed to Clubs ordering four or
more copies of any one or more of the above
works. Thus 4 copies Of Blackwood or OF fone
Review will be sent 10 address for 50 copies
OF the four Reviews and Blackwood for $50 and
so on.
- Orders from Clubs must be sent direct 10 The
publishers as no discount from these prices be
allowed TO AGENTS.
Money, current in the States where issued, viii
be received at par.
II U5-Remittances and communications should be
always addressed, postpaid franked, to the
Publishers.
LEONARD SCOTT & CO,
10 FULTos STREET, New York,
Entrance 50 Gold st
y-y-Subscriptions received in Washington by
Frank Taylor, Taylor g. Maurey, and W. ADAM
Booksellers,
The southern press., 1851-10-27

Inducements for Clubbing,
Any person who will send u- tour subscribers
titled to one copy for the same length of time or
we will furnish
10 copies for 6 mos, So IS copies for ~ mos. s22
10 do 10 Is 20 do II %
Southern and Western money taken at par for
subscriptions or Post Office Stamps taken at
their full value,
The southern press., 1851-10-27

WILL, be opened at Mrs. s. Parker's, on Sat
w uroay, 23d inst, at 10 clock A. M, in the
new store under the National Hotel, a rich assort
ment Of Winter Millinery, consisting OF Hats,
Cans, Head Dresses, Feathers, Florences, Rib
hons Sc &c PARKER'S
The southern press., 1851-10-27
national Medical College. Washington.

National Medical College, Washington,
District of Columbia.
TIME annual course of lectures will commence
i on the first Monday in November, the 4th
instant
FACULTY.
Thos. Miller, M. D., Professor of Anatomy ana
Physiology. = o,,a,.
VIM. p. johnson, NJ d., Professor OF ooste-
tries and the diseases of women and children.
Joshua Riley, M. D., Professor OF Materia
Medica, Therapeutics, and Hygiene
John Frederick May, M. D., Professor OF sur
gerry. ,c % ps,boIogv
and Practice of Medicine pcu
Robert King Stone, M. d., Adjunct Professor
of Anatol.., md Physiology.
Edward Foreman, M. D., Professor OF Chem
istry and Pharmacy.
James E. Morgan, M. D., Prosecutor ana Dem
onstrator. ..
Clinical lectures three times week, on cases
selected from the Washington lnhrmary' ope-
ration performed before the class 400
For full course ofi""'ures 20
Demonstrators L~--- 90
Graduation fee 40 30
Good board can be procured at from 81 10 %
JOSHUA RILEY, M. d.,
Sep 3-2awtNovlif Dean OF the facul'y'
The southern press., 1851-10-27

Average ,b33,lJu 7 HVe'Hgs 4'S'I'oI"
Average crop Of the last seven years exceeds
that the prior 6l5,7l9 bales, and the crop OF the
last just double that OF the hrs'-snu the crop OF
1850 was more than lS46-7 by fifty per cent.
Average consumption in Great Britain Of Ameri-
can cotton the first years l,l59,2i9 bales,
The I'd period Of years 'a49'59s bales
Largest consumption, lSA', i,9so,ooo bales'
The southern press., 1851-10-27
LOST,

SILVER CARD CASE, with Mrs. Fl
n wood Fisher" engraved on ii. lib
till b. paid for. it's tds livny.d thiso
The southern press., 1851-10-27

THE PAST, rHE PREsEsr AND TIVE FurURE.--ot
the ootton trade, from the London Economist,
August "a, 1850. "It is calculated that upwards
Of 4,OO0000 persons depend enureiy upon thiS