Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1851-06-27

and make their own laws without the Intervention Of
epresentatives-whils in republic, the people in
stead of meeting and making their laws select
th rersons Their Representatives, to act for them
In other words; that they sefeet set agents. and
their name exactly What they WOULD do We're they per
sonally present In debcfaey where oil TIC people
assemble to egfslate majority Of those assembled
would have the right to tdle In fsplblic where
these same people mot IN PERSON. but BY their Tepre
seutatires nsscsbse to 1egElate flat Slime pajorty
through their Representatives. have right to rule
These were my Opinions, and when heard tho gentle
man from Feuquit. c5ncud9dib turn TO Webster large
Dicinnarv and whether in his definitions Of theos
terms he agreed with the gentleman from FauQrler
myself. Here il whathe says:-
a. Observation-Disclosures BY The people 4 form
where the supreme power IS lodged in
tho hsls ofhe people tol!ective:: or II Which The
2eupc exercise the powers Of legislation; Such was
che government uf Athens" -
"RebuGl;c-A commonwealth. a State in which the
exercise Of sovereign DOW odgedn representative
elected by the people ln,Hodera i;a!isrs from
4 Democracy, or Democratic STATE (which the people
Exercise The power Of soyeregntyiu person. Yet the
Dtf,rtraces OF Greece are eacalted R.l'ublics' ::
Here it will besSbserved; that Webster agrees With
inthe!liitreree between arepabIic air Gen!5cra
cy-hc one being whore che people act for the ives
the other where they act by tt;ir Representatives.
Cow e; us hoT Webster defines his te:.n com
.uEily, which, we hBd in the bill of rights majority
.sfwnonl it is declared BS that instrument lave the
ristto alter; reform or abolish the government ii !.c..
,;naEaer as all seem ,ost conclusive to the pubic
weal. The term istlefincd thus -
"t&mmnntyNl, Properly, common possessioa or en-
ioy:ileE:-as a. COMMUNITY, Of geuls. >. society OF
People having c'43mon rights au1l privileges,
under the same Lays and regulations. g. Society III;
arge. \ commonwealth, Or. State. A bod-. polite
fhe pubic, Or people u general. - = l'.'t
This i'd y co:lnunity, society Of 'ptcnic having
common rights and nriJiegsy or common Interest IL
in cl5e lslt defined TO DO combination Of person
Lad property perBeirs having an equality 81 in:t
es:s but only cC:nmointerest And We have "area;i
seen that, according to Mr. Leigh The person with Zen
OF land has common interest will hin wto has
ten Thousand According 10 tire ailtkoritY OF
Webster, .then-al presume that. na 70 the !eani;i
qf words, he is US good authority rs the yent!tulan
from Fuaqlier-a democrac' 10 tho government Of tie
people and Il majority have the rislt to rule 4 re
public is areprcspnsa:lr dehocracy @here the aaorr
,ruuhtheir representatives, have tie fight 20 soycGu
il:i wht;har' s;Jvcrn,ieht be II democracy q;
rpuic Is anatef of nJ consellece to the a.: inisnl
.or III either eVrt minority Of the voters .. the
polls have the ri','It to COVERT. s,,.
). Sir, there BIZ two sdas to this question. We
must either have the government ST tie MINI: OF the
government: III the ftw! republic or deI.o:vacy is
the government 81 the MANI. 4 goyrrp!sut tat pace,
lie Legislative puSt: OF the Satc IN the hand. G less
:alr majority df tbs qualified voters, isei:hcr !, mon.
lrchy 'Anar:strcrcE, or rl o,agcly anil ie si',.ri
er whelll 90. tt oaFply to Is !lo lat;=s. This
-" Cl:yarcdy-.> form If government il wicltl, su
ortnt power Is p.4ce.l in few hunds--a species VI
:rlStvcfacy. And in. another place. he trias.it t" l'e
a government Where. the aupscne power Is exercised
oy sInili nuln6"f.i ~ = %'''"f -. -
Few and many are relative terms and any govern
lcnt which places the supreme or Legislative iIwc. in
.he hands Of leas tam oritY comes withia gis de-
altlun Inleuo.ncr to c;ll ri II rebub!:c But
% return to this principle that taxation if c,rcSen:
tiyn must go roge her,: 4 have admitted the PROPOSE
LOU thus statrdto be true but I rl|e leluce from
avery different conclusion front that !ra:i III zen
,lenen from the east Ny conclusion is, aS have ii
eny s;nted that under tf!s great principle Of the rev
BUTTON community ca rghtfu!lv be taxed Is . body
'uwhch the%atc not represented aid oIrr which they
control. Ana in order 10 PROVE the cqirccte,s
this position it sUhly necessary TO refer briefly la
.he stare of thing. wifiell rise 10 this psipc:rl
.atire power Of the cofonies was Vested il c,lplil
legislatures elected by the pe6pls-e crnwu Of Great
Britain having The power upcn their acts "a they
.aderstouh ttir charters the parlianen, OF. treat
Britain had no power whatever To-. legisate tor ten
ecnu'c no susi power vas resGrEe. in tArir Charter
esantelin that fd.r. The rarIamei.;, Ir,wavcr not
outstanding t ramon traice Of he CO. ,nirs. cia,sd
md exercised IL: right 10 levy t2Xes MOAN lhe,.-.;n
hen It vas that ;he st;te7eu ri that tsy: prodaned
lis st princiS that REPRESENTATION ialt tNafinu
aust and Of right ought to gq Lanl i'll HAND. .rhu idea
sea any man. y! sci q es We're e,'ttc.i TO bcrcpre
seated in proportion IT, The taxes they paid to tine gov
emmett, VENTURE 10 5ay, pcrer eicEeetlso mind Of
i:ge human being, ut tbe TING thsu principle nro
claimed by Our fathers 9f tle, revpiutio:,: ALE they
:o.tsnle'! Tor meant y thought of wa ,thata people
could not. r;shtfe(E be ta1sLiun body. where they
were not REPRESENTED t. forefsthers meant what
:tster gent lemcn here end for ~ it not strange
that not une OF tue OIL thrteen States that prncla,.u
ills to the world attempted tpput their prn
tiple ITO acics: Il kuaw' that yeneienei say they
re sistiincd II tao constitutions off BDlnc Of tlosr
states but deny the fact, and. intend TO prove
what shy b. examination. of those'ccsti:ut
do not deny 1rt come OF: those constitutions rccd
Lc the principle lhato representation ;aid taxation
hou 80 tpget4cr ON the contrary intend IL show
that o theu: at least. did recognize the principle
iii the idvnica seuae in which. L:conelrs fr n BIZ;
villa. l mcap to deny *; tnsitwas ever rcca,niz:d
III he sense ia which gentlemen from eastern Virginia
CONTEND svr it,, either i'll the days of the REVOLUTION or
>ince ;, a. +, So; -. -.'a' - ''i"' '.+ -
l. shall beypwta Massachusetts, Whose Constitution
.yolL say sustainsI yourpncpe:; Hrr const uon Pro-
vIed thai sae nra district should Be entitled TO
representation =accnrdngto 'rle proportion o. taxes
pad br the sail districts" And in the house of rep
esentutiye estatiun is based UPON the ratailr
pplls, 1hatst th- male. taxable irl.abitan;:.
lcr,i would seem that Your principle was sang.
tioned in. the caato undtis vc cltr Tint the view
which take OF this principle was sanctioned in tie
house of atives: itutletut look li;tle fur
cher iuts this atter and see hGw those taxes wcr.
eyied aud paid upuu which Representation Wis based
IN the Sruats,; Were they collected as We co;iec;
taxes here from property alone On is tn. HAT We
levy capi;atiun tax upon LAWYERS and doctors but
that is very small item Of our taxationi 80 sir
These taxes assessed upon theLeaJs Of the peo.
pie we'll asunua property. go that II iine ea.lis q
he taxation Of ie Ssutt had been derived from Ter.
cons. and the other tenth" front property then u:e
enths Of tues representation in to senate would in cf
et have been based upon PERSONS, aid the other ca,h
upon property. -Ths:provisun of her si.utiou
therefore, in huabcim ne,It, etectua!lY DESTROYS
all the arguments You vcdrawuft tic example oi
Massachusetts. -'> s'.',', ''. y"
" Nc .HnapshrsIhe representation In both branches
Of the. isature ofthisstatdis the same as MASSAGE,
:etts ALI, the provision in regard to taxltS:i
Rt9Qe Eae"a-Ihis State ever furhied any os;i.u-
toa until 1872: II tinfc she was governed by
Z charter gyantel By King Olrcs the second ia 1868
= Connetcu-kIon,c"of representatives., n specified
number Of delegates. from each t6wu or county la
the senate twelve members elected b. the whole Sate
- her York-E"prcsentat" BY counties:
feU Jeraey-Reprtsentation by counties.
Penskeamia-Taxabe inhabitants iu..! tile Bas OF
Representation. -. y -, III = .-.''',
Delalsarc- Representation by countics.' "'7'''
: RurYlGnEEour. delegates and two senator's to be
elected 81 each county" two delegates ind one sen