New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-26

ingmen should adopt The resolution Was adopted
ard the President appointed Messrs smith, heyseT
and AIbuthro said Committee
Adj WM. J. YoUNG, Reporter IND. Congress
Practical Attempts AT Industrial Association
The London Leader contains lecture on
Association, delivered at Brighton, by Mr. Con
lngham, from which We take some extracts
which will repay peusal.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASSOCIATION AND CON
MUNIsN
Permit me. IN the first place, TO point out tie dif
ference between Association and Communism, terms
which often strangely cOntounded with each
other, but have IN fact, meaning perfectly distinct
with little OF nothing IN common. The Communists
exclude the principle OF individual property, or sev-
crafty, Il II called and assume that every one has
an equal right to an equal share Of the common
stock. Communism beng. IN fact. the principle OF
equality. enforced by more OF less absolute author
lty.
Cooperative Association. or concert IN the division
o; lator, on the other hand. is IN no way ncOm-
patlbe or hostile 10 individual liberty and the right
OF possession. IL serves to ADJUST the proportional
dWisIon OF profits between capital, laDeT and TALENT
and between the employers ana the employed, IN a
more equitable manner Than under the existing
system OF industrial organization wnere the many
VITO DO the work have no interest IN the enterprise
except to fulfill their contract and 20 earn their wages
the puce OF their labor beng adjusted by hostile
cOmyettloL-one sICe demanding a. mu p, and the
other paying little IS possible
The ClNeicLcc totwecn Association and Commun-
Ism NAV be Illustrated thus II three persons were
ca 10 subscribe one, two or three hundred pounds
IN three unequal proportions making totaloi 1000,
oD the tOmmunisuc prncp the pIohis must still be
CNICed IN equal portions between them while, on
the prnclpic oi Assoc Aton, their respective shares
would be sixth for the FIRST, tWOslKths for the
second, and three slxths for the third Ia short the
ference between Association and Communism ~
the difference between the practicable and the I'M
practicable -botwecn voluntary cooperation and IN
voluntary cOmmUB y
There j. another term about which the most extra
ordinary mlsappfentnslon prevails dliude ~ the
tenn Socialism. The cjectIFc cal IA JOhn>On's
Dictionary Qhe substantive was probably unknO WI
10 the worthy doctor j. defined as relating 20 the
general Orpuolc interest reiatingtO society Thus
Socialism, properly speaking. Is Tie study Of The
public interest, OF the science Of social economy
and. m TN, sense, Iurgot Adam smith, DAVID RI
cardo Robert Peel ana stuart MIL, are al Social
ists. Now, thai socialism has become party
waichWo ord. OF vague and most uncertain meaning,
u may &c desirable TO avoid msappfehension on the
subject
PEINcIPLE of c0opLRArIoN
Cooperation IS oftNo kinds nrst, simple coopera
ton. which takes place when several persons com
OiAe 10 help tach other in the .aine employment
alO secondly complex cooperation, when several
PERSONS hep each other ia different empOymen.s.
Tie advantage Of simple cooperation has been hap
PLY Illustrated by tie case OF mo erey hounds run
nlng together HhiCn WII hlla more hares than four
gfey houncs running separately aId 50 IA a number
Of ocCuTai OEs The produce Is, 10 certain extent,
n proportion 70 such NUT al assistance among work
mea Thus simple cooperation = me hfst step IN
sCCldl improvement.
Complex cooperation is thai which takes place
when one body OF men having combined their .aDor
D. raise more tOod than tncy require, another body
ool4tMe theirs also iOE TIE purpose OF producing
more clothes, and with Tie surplus clothes buying
The surplus food Of the other body Of lai1<efs and
thus by means OF exchange. both bodies obtain "Olk
H. tfelr respective occupations Increase o. capita
though li tencs 10 diminish profits produces Al ine
tf HrtF"T 4Fln a.
ltal ls a. necessary 10 aDOf lacOr u 10 capital
one Of The Oh ects Of Association Oeng 10 capitalize
lator for the tenehi of Tie iatOre and thus secure
for nm a shafe Of profits non monopOlzed ~ The
Inc problem IS 10 Obtain the efficiency and eco
LOmy Of procucto On Oh a large scale lholi dividing
TIE producers into ~ parties Nitn hostile interest
the employers ard the employed
AnlLgTeas.ng power OF cooperation has long been
gered Ons Of me suTcst tests Of the progress Of
civil za'on We are told thai the cOnstCn of the
saYaees o New Holland, ahO never help each ether
even IN the most simple operations, is hardly slge
roT to q al of the " d animals and We may expect
a. MANKIND improves, thar JON, enterprises u many
kLcs, which are now consLoI 9 impracilc able. viii
b. success4geiy brought INTO operation thus nlea-
ul'eiy aUPmeLtng the powers Oi man.
The business Cf manufacturing playing cards is a
femarkaoie example Of me important results ~Aich
nay be obtained BY cOncer n The DIVISION Of labor
Each cardthat ls, piece Of paste5Oard OF the SIZE
OF the banC-teiOTe Z - ready Tor sale uncergCe. No
fewer than seventy operations. Ia d card manuiac.
tory, where isry WOTknen were employed. they
have been known to produce daily 506 cards beng
about $50 cards 70 each workman. Il NAV ce as
sumec tha. Il each Of these wOrAmen were DOL ged
70 perform al the operations himself he would not
perhaps, complete tao cards IL Z DAY and thus the
thIrty worknen, instead Of 500 cards would ouly
&c able 70 produce slxtv.
Thus much Oh tie advantages % De derived from a
JHSlcious CO. peratlon and division Of labor. which
10 one perhaps IN the present cay vii oe prepared
10 deny oui the particular form Of H. which We nave
10" 10 consider, has III this country al least. very
IoLeAts. IL has been however common practice
10 Eemuneraie those IN whom some pecul ar trust
As IeIosed by means Of per centage On prohts
rs pnIcip.e has been applied win great success 20
Tie sai.Cfs NJ the American ships trading % thina
and 10 the Cornish miners, wLere each mar. 2. =
saId, seems 10 feel as partner u hs iItie arm,