The Woodville Republican. [volume] (Woodville, Miss.) 1847-1853, 1851-02-25

PIE OF each independent State, not 10 th
. whole people. II was referred not To the In
T. dlvduaIs OF each State. but to Cgvrrg5tJo,
9' the Pc2ptc of each State; well knowI
: political body, Of ascertained and acknowl
= edged authority. A c0uveulionis no mor,
a collection OF mere individuals than leg
lslature, or bench OF Judges or a bench
OF Bishops; they are individuals indeed. hut
individuals convened in known political
capacity, and acting in that capacity. IL i,
painful 10 be called on 10 dwell on these very
PLAN, well known, matter of fact truths
nothing but the judicial eye of prejudice and
theory, could view them in any other light.
Let Us look at the population OF that day.
Condy RagueI's Brief History Delaware
/ had 59Oy4 inhabitants; New York sos
/ O79. Yet the vote of Delaware, both as a
member of the Convention and as atifying
State, counted the same as that of New
York. The seven smaller States had a pop
ulajion of 1,l02,3 ,353 the SIX larger States
OF 2,729,O13, yet the seven smaller could
out vote the six larger, whether on the vote
IN convention, or on the ratification Where
Is 1t provided that the majority in number
OF people among the less numerous States,
shall out vote the smaller number of people
IN the greater number Of States? No where.
Under the census of 1920, the whole pop.
ulauon OF the = United Safes, was 1857.
999, Of which the six States New York.
Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina,
ONO, kentucky, possessed j,2I2 ,2O7 If
the constitution was ratified as the act the
individual voters OF the United States, and
not as the act ol independent States, united
Tor the purposes in that constitution mem
toned, then ought the Senatorial votes to
accompany the preponderance of popua-
ton: who ever pretended that it ought
The papers called the FederaIiH are
citeable as authority in the Supreme Court
of the United States; what do they saw!
In No, 80, by Mr., Madison. at appears
that the constitution is founded on the as.
sent and ratification OF the people of Ameri-
ca, given by deputies appointed for the very
purpose; but TINS assent and ratification is
given by the people, not as iHdiguuaLS,
composing OAe entire aati0n, but as conn
posing he distinct and iadcpcndeu States,
IN echlch they respectively 6el0ug. 1t is to
be the assent and ratification of the several
States, derived from the Supreme authority
in each State, the authority OF The people
themselves. The act therefore, establish
ing the constitution, viii be a federal and
not national act"
"That it will be a federal and not ma
tional act, as these terms are understood by
the objectors, the act Of the people as form
ing so many 5ddepc3deHt States, not as
forming one aggregate nation, is obvions
from the single consideration, that It is to re-
suit neither from the decision of a majority
of the people Of the Union nor from tha. OF
a majority of the States. 1t must result
from the unanimous assent of the several
States that are parties to it, differing no
otherwise from their ordinary assent than in
its being expressed, not by the legislative
authority but by that of the people them
selves. Were the people regarded in this
transaction as forming one nation, the will
of the majority of the whole people of the
United States would bind the minority in
the same manner as the majority in each
State must bind the minority; and the will
of the majority must be determined either
by a comparison of the individual votes, or
by considering the will of the majority of the
people of the United States. Neither of
these rules has been adopted. Each State
in ratfying the Constitution, is considered
as a sovereign body, independent of all 9TH
ers, and only to be bound by its own voIun-
tary acts. In this relation, then, the new
Constitution will, if established, be feder-
al, and not national Constitution" (Fed-
crdIiSt, No. 39)
Chief Justice Marshall asks a Whea-
ton, 403 it is true, the people assembled in
their several States, and where else should
they assemble?
Mr. Turnbull answers the Convention,
had they chosen it, might have recommend
ed the State legislatures to have divided
their States into election districts, upon some
equitable plan agreed on-or, that the peo-
pie of the different States should vote in
districts by general ticket If it be said,
these modes Of ascertainng the sense of the
people were impracticabe, then it follows,
that the assent of the people given IN any
other way, coud not possibly be the act Of
the whole people, but of the people in their
capacity of States.
Is 1t not evident, that the northern doc
trine, rests upon no definite, indubitabe
cession of sovereignty but on implication
and construction alone that it is opposed
to historical fact, ard was not adopted by
the Expounders of The Constitution, (the
Federahst at the time
.
OP The present administration Of
the general government estimates the
receipts for the present fiscal year at
S45, 100000 and the expenses at about
s50,000O,000. II the government can
not get along in time Of profound
peace Of 545,000,000 year, it is time
another administration was taking
the helm OF affairs. We sec itsiaicd
that The estimate for the army now in