The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-03-08
TIE ONION.

who are supposed be particularly meorious grants Of
lands. within the limits OF States. may he permit
ted to answer, that not aware OF any instance in
which settlers have gone 10 lands newly acquired in
which there has not been intermediate time between
the settlement OF the country and Tie organization OF the
State government where The land has not been given TO
them.
MD DAWSON. knew that that was 80 But in.
tended to state TO the Senate State in this Union
has ever had public land given her citizens In the
Territory, before II became State The principle OF pre-
emp,ion "a The principle which 10 benefit the people
originally and that principle al the beginning very
moperly and boldly opposed Now, the pre-enpon prn
cpe having been established that has been meiged IN the
principle of donation i IS SAID mat ihis principle OF do
nation was established in Oregon, ! mentioned at the
last session. when these lands were being given to the
people Oregon, that II would establish and would be
claimed as precedent and other States would ask the
same advantages Now what is the foundation of giving
all these lands foreigners, and all persons who settled
in Oregon' II is that II was sparsey populated coun-
try in high northern latitude, and that the expense OF
sending the troops Of the government OF The United States
there great that instead oil that, II would be well
TO hold out every nducement Tor eng to 40 there
and protect the citizens, and exempt The country from
paving the legislative power TO control the Territory OF
Oregon. And now the chairman OF the Committee on
Public Lands Mr. FELcH who represents the interests
OF the entire States, here and advances the prn
ciple for the protection OF Territory TO be applied TO
Statethat is, to the sovereignty Of California In the
State OF California organized SUCH is not the govern
ment OF the United States Invested of all power control
save the power that she has over all the other
States OF the Unon We gave these lands 10 the people
OF Oregon get them go there protect each other
agains, the tomahawk These people have into
California, dig from the bowels OF the earth the gold
that belongs 10 all the people OF the United States; and
yet they round and ask TO do more ioI them than
we have done for any citizens before and am called
upon be instrumental in this act Millions OF the pub
lie property have been taken and now the public property
that is left must be given away.
Here is another idea that must beg leave to present
to the Senate say this is the most outrageous bill that
has been attempted 10 be passed by the Congress OF
200 900 people already there but extends to all who
shall go there up the LIST of January 1885, and what are
we doing by this course OF action' Inducing me peo-
pie to abandon Oregon and go over into California
where the lands rich, and the prospects of making
money great deal more promising than IN Oregon-hus
desoa.ng that section Of country that we desire TO pro-
ect and for which purpose gave bounty land to get
then to go there Now, ask the senators from The
States called the States, whether you have ever ap
who are there $40 of land to the single and $40
to the married And upon what principle are you
doing this now Is for the purpose OF protecting the
citizens OF California 1t cannot be that for the
tor from California said yesterday that California de-
sired you all your troops from her territory, as
she capable of sustaining and maintaining her own
sovereignty And yet we propose to gve-lust multiply
900 by 800 and will show the number OF millions
of of land that now asked to give-sixty
four millions OF acres, now to be g'ven and then you
must find how many persons young and Old will 60 to
California between and the LIST January 1883 which
you will find will bring the population OF the country
up to some 100000 because the inducements are so
strong; and you then have some idea OF the quantity
OF land that you will be giving away. They have now
all the gold. and they will have all the land
/ would TatheT-and before would vote Tor this Dill
would do it would rather surrender to California
every claim that have the gold mines and the
soil than to pass this for, IN truth, we will
have given away every of the public lands. and
then appoint officers to go there under salaries paid by
here to execute every part OF this duty without
tcle OF taxao on upon The citizens OF California Now,
these rLths-these facts. say they cannot be
controvered would be glad hear the senator, with
all his power and Ingenuity and great energy and perse
verence in behalf OF California, reule the grounds that
have taken in regard TO this matter.
| Mr. SHIELDS. | dad word this
occasion, but must make few remarks in relation to
the position taken by the senator from Georgia, There
is great deal what he has sand, Unjust confess. and
some of his general principles correct, one OF
which, in relation 10 California is, that great many Of
the emkrans have gone there for the purpose of mining,
and for The purpose of culivalng-or the purpose
OF digging gold and not for the purpose OF farming; and
it will require strong nducement TO get these emigans
to abandon the mines, order 10 turn their attention TO
country TO which this law applies is different in all
spects from other portion OF the United States with
which that gentleman myself acquainted The land
and soil there, IN order TO be cultivated with success.
must be cultivated by irrigation. The country Is Asiac
in its iormaton and cannot be cultivated upon ordinary
principles, In the States with which
quainted We WISH a matter of policy, to divert as
many possible from mining operaon-io convert them
into farmers and lers of the soil That is the principle
upon which sustain this bill.
The population OF California is most anomalous
now-amost all miners, cuvatng the soil, but all
digging for gold hold therefore, that il is high policy
TO offer large nducement TO these to abandon the
mines and cultivate the soil OF the country. Every
who acquainted with that country knows that
ques large tracts of land in California TO cultivate owing
10 the OF cultivation in such countries Canals,
aqueducts and all these things, have TO be constructed
for the purpose OF irrigation But, after this bill passes,
and after all these inducements, you will be able 10
induce these 10 leave the mines, and turn their at
tenon 10 cultivation long as they hnd gold in the
mines. Now, what say Is this IL you wish TO build
up California permanent, we'll regulated. and orderly
society, you must make every Inducement-giye them
every nducemen to abandon the mnes and turn TO cu
tvang the soil This bill is founded upon that principle,
and for that purpose and upon that principle voted for
IL IN the committee mot because II Is general prIn-
cipe but because cannot apply 10 any other country
Does any suppose that California exist in its
present condition Has any senator seen such
a society before Nots woman there; ali are men--none
cultlvators, but all miners. You must hold out
inducements to bring these miners from their gold mines
to tng the SOIL and aso hold out inducements to bring
the ladies' TO that country, in order 10 assls, IN the lorna
ton OF society there, which will lead 10 the settlement Of
| the country.
| But do not wish to the time OF the Snate.
great deal could be said upon this subject do say this
you are to convert that population into such popula
ton is found in Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, and the
other States OF this Unlon-you must hold out fur.
ther inducements than this bl gives turn the popula
ton from mining TO cultivation OF the soil OF the country
Mr.. BELL. We have but little time to give to this
bill, or any other winch we have to act upon, and
therefore do not propose TO enter INTO the general pno
Piles which have been suggested by the other side The
senator from Illinois Mr. SHiELDsl has undoubtedly
opened ground OF large and liberal policy to show
there should be discrimination properly made in
gard to California But wish, IL can 10 call the at
ttention OF the attention Of the Senate, IN the limited
time that give this bill, to single point, upon
which we can make a successful attack upon this bill
that s those OF who think that the from Cali
lorna Mr. Gwisl - making demands upon the bounty