davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
ExCRLsIOR.
PYFER g. co.

PYFER & co.
Those Truly Fortunate and Far Famed
LOTTERY BROKERS'.
No. Light st. Baltimore Md
(Whose single purpose for years has been to disnense
the radiant smiles of the "Fickle Goddess" to their
Correspondence has also rendered entirely
any pretext for selflaudation, for their
CUP OF GLORY IS FULL.
Every section of the Union will bear witness to the
Glorious and almost Magic Luck of this fortunate house
Correspondents all the country have realized
Splendid Fortunes from small OUTLAWS at
PYFER & cos
GREAT PRIZE AGENCY.
CONTINUED SUCCESS!
WONDERFUL DISTRIBUTION OF PRIZES
l67,4S3 Dollars
Paid in Prize Money during the month of June by the
far-famed PYFER & CO., the patrons of their truly
Lucky House.
Every body should try their luck!
One Order to this great Prize firm may secure for
tune.
Prize payments at PYFER & cos made in Gold
at sight.
BY STATE AUTHORITY.
Please bear in mind that Lotteries advertised by
PYFER q co. are legafized by the New Constitution
of Maryland.
Brilliant Schemes for IuJv ISSY
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
Attention RInggoId Guards!

VOU hereby notified to Parade at the Capitol
Square Friday the 4TH Day JULY, at
mer Uniform with thirteen rounds of Blank Cartridges.
By order of the Captain:
rs.-. u, R, UTLEY, o. s.
N. B. Attend meeting of the Company at the City
Hall on Thursday Night the Sd of July, at o'clock
precisely. 20 rrt-aes..
June rs, 1851. &C.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
SEALED PROPOSALS

WILL I've received by the Undersigned until the lst
w of August next for the building of a New Brick
Jail Williamson in Martin County, Stories high
sc feet long by "A wide TO be completed before
the 1st of September, 1852, according to plan and
specifications similar the general plan of the Jail
in Wayne County, to be exhibited at W. ]. Ellison
Office in said Town.
w. J. ELLTSON,)
ASA BIGGS, ; Com'rs.
WM. SLADE,
Williamson, June 20, 1851. 6S-td.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
$4,000 STATE BONDS!

TREASURY OFFICE, RALEIGH, N. c..
.---r------e:~ June 24th, 1851.
CEALED Proposals will be received at this Office W.
- til the 26th of July for the purchase of thirty
thousand dollars worth of bonds issued by the State Of
North Carolina interest at the of six per ccntum per
payable semi-annuaily, and principal payable at
the end of twenty years. Issued under Act of the
General Assembly of North Carolina at the Session Of
ls4s-49, entitled An Act to incorporate the Fayette-
vile and Western Plank Road Company" Persons bid
ding will endorse their letters Proposals State
Stocks DANIEL w. COURTS,
Public Treasurer.
Raleigh N. c.. Juno 3D. 1851. 67-td.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
Goods by Express.


WOULD respectfully state to the Citizens of Raleigh
and the adjacent Counties that having located agent
at CASTOR, and also made arrangement with the Pres
ident of the Raleigh and CASTOR Rail Road. l shall
hereafter he prepared forward by Mail Train in the
most punctual manner any articles in my line, when
they of too large size to he handled inconvcn
emily. SAML. II. MARKS,
Wholesale Confectoner.
Petersburg, Va.
June 81 1851. 81
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

The children of the Sabbath Schools of Raleigh,
(Episcopalian exceped,) will celebrate the Fourth
as usual. The scholars will assemble at their res
pective School at d o'clock p. M, and pro-
ceeded to the Capitol Square, where the procession
will 70 and march to the Presbyterian Church, at
which place address will be delivered by Mr..
AdolphuS Jones'.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

The price of Packages of Quarter Tickets only, is
advertised above.
The Managers Printed Drawing, endorsed by the
commissioners appointed (or this purpose) by the Gov
pondents
Letters always strongly and carefully sealed.
The purchasers of Packages of Tickets seldom have
than six chances against their drawing in Pack
age any of the Capital Prizes and Package may
draw four of the highest Prizes Two-thirds of the
Prizes sold in Packages of Tickets.
Please order few days BEFORE the Lotteries draw.
All Orders punctually answered by the return mails
Persons at distance from Baltimore who wish " For
tune Buckled on their Backs,' will find that is only
necessary to enclose the price Gas laid down the above
schedue,) for Package of Single Tickets the Truly
Fortunate, Far-Famed and Old Established House of
PYFER & co.
No. l, Light Street, Baltimore, Md
July l, 1851. CT
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

CHOLERA ST. LOUIS. The total mortality from
Cholera at St. Louis, for the week ending June 3d.
was l49, mostly emigrants. Twenty five deaths
from Cholera had occurred at Jefferson.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
PLEASANT GROVE ACADEMY,


TTHE Fall Session of this Institution will commence
i Monday the 7th of July, under the charge ofMr.
EDWIN l.. BARRETT, gentleman eminently qualified
instruct in all the branches taught in the best prepaT
atory Schools The Academy is situated about 200
yards from the residence of the Subscriber known be
of the most healthy locations in the State equidis.
tant from I.ousbqrg and Shocco Springs. Every att
tenon will be paid both to the morals and literary purG
suits of the Students. Board be had with the sub
scriber and also in the families of Mr. J. j. Jones ant
Mr. Jourden. JONES' living within half mile of the Acad
envy at So SO per month.
Tuition, Languages, $500 per session.
English Branches, 1000.
WIN. ]. BRANCH.
Lousburg, June 5, 1851. 972-3w.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

Jenny Lind was singing in Boston on the 9th in
slant. She was received with the utmost enthus
asm.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
OXFORD FEMALE COLLEGE.

TIME first Session Of this Institution will commence
i Monday the LIST of July ensuing
very desirable that pupils who expect to enter the
College should he present at the opening of the session.
By order of the Executive Committee.
Oxford June 23, 1851. 6S-4t.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

tn ioKE uoLD discoveries. The Maine gold mines
t', proved humbug, the Bangor Mercury says
eie is great excitement in that city now in
consequence of the exhibition of valuable Snecmens
G ~ On lhe Canada side letter has been received
from gentleman, who states that he is
rom twelve to eighteen dollars per day. AS
few ds aS one hundred men have left Bangor within
mines in Canada, two or thu thousand Dersons are
is guaSdi Goeeted' and company of English troops
side, ~ iie 10 keePthe Y ankees on their own
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
SEDGB'w'ICR
T e M ALE SEMIN AIRY.

! HE Fall term of this institution will open Tues
day, the LIST day of July next
Though pupils received all periods of the
sion, prompt attendance at the beginning is earnestly
recommended, it tends much facilitate the proper
organization of classes and judcious arrangement of
studies. -"
For Circulars containing particulars address Mrs. j.
J. Finch, Raleigh, n. G.
May 49, 1851. S70-wtd.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
CEDAR GROVE MALE ACADEMY

TTNHE Fall Session Of this School, situated eight miles
north of Hsborough will commence the 18th
of July next, and continue for five months
TERMS.
Tuition in Latin, Greek, and the higher branches Of
Mathematics, $500
English, 1000
Board, including Room, Bed and Bedding, Washing
and Fuel be had in good families in the neighbor
hood at prices varying from six dollars to six and half
per month.
Students joining the School charged with tuition
for the session. deductions being made except
of protracted illness. SAML. w. HUGHES.
Cedar Grove. N. G.. June LIST. 1851. s72-2wpd.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

ees measuring @e Dsep Shark of the Tiger spe.
our harbor0 Inches in circumference WAS s"sn ana
wards, another waa morning; and shortly after
inches in length" was caught measuring nine feet four
full of these OOs,se. understand that the harbor is
GtarIest Courier.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

Clamor P0t FOR HIGHER WAGES. We learn from Ell
who are mat three thousand women in Madrid
struck for R gSs, in the manufacture of cigars have
my of insur@gneaf wages They formed qsite an ar
the municipal gnara "u ihrew up barbados to impede
their labor rnny they compelled to return to
er Of the gr e0t without Complaining bitterly, howev
ful used to recs deduction of wages The most skill
hafis the utmost Ignt rails per day. but two and
fangemen,s. Can make under the new ar
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
Ware nton Male Academy.

Ware nton Male Academy 80
.V>HE Summer Session will commence the first
i Monday in July. The Principal is assisted by COM
petent Instructors The departure of the Senior Glass
for College, which is unusually large, will leave room
for several Students. -..s. ..s-.a..a
TERMS, for the last Session. .-.s..
r. A. EZELL, Principal
Warrenton, June l9, 1851. 66-3w
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
MIR. & Mrs. Burwell's School.
American FIower Garden

THNHE Fruit Flower, and Kitchen Garden by Patrick
Il Nei practical Treatise the Cultivation Of
the Grape Vine Open Walls to which is added
descriptive of Improved Method of Planting
and managing the roots of Grape Vines, by Clement
Hoare. For sale by
H. D. TURNER, N. C. Bookstore
June 25, 1851.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
THE RALEIGH ACk

THE RALEIGH ACADEMY.
TNHIS INSTITUTION will again commence OIL the
Seventh OF July, 1851.
Particular attention will be paid TO The French Lam
guage and Book Keeping. ..... ..a-g
J. M. LovEJOY,
Raleigh June II, 1851 S72-3tw.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28
Lamps. Lamps.
Roof. and ShOes.

Boots and shoes.
ADDITIONAL supplies ofGentlemen,s BOOTS nolh
n Sew'd and Peg'd. Iso, Ladies W me ano BACK
Kid Slippers from the Mandatory oil j. Mules q son.
with great variety of Children's Shoes, at
HEARTT s, LrTCHFoRDS.
April 10. 1851. 90.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

DEATH OF RICHARD LABOR SHE'LL. This celebra-
ted and brilliant Irish orator died at Florence the
25h of May of attack of the govt in the stomach,
He had lately gone to Florence in the capacity of
British Minister. He was born in Dublin in 1913,
and was long associated with the late Daniel o. Con-
nell in the struggle for Catholic emancipation. In
late years he supported the English Whig party.
North Carolina standard. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1850-1852, 1851-06-28

FEMALE CLASSICAL INSTITUTE.
HfIEsbOrOugh Street, R0Itfgh, ~: &.
IUVHE Second Term of the present year will begin on
Monday the 18th of July, and end on the first Thurs
day I'm December. For particulars address e
-.- BENNETT r. BLAKE, Principal. S.
Raleigh, May 26th, 1851. CO.
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
INSTJRANCE.


Protection, Fire and Marine Insurance Company, Of
14 Hartford, Conn .--frcorporated in le25 81 lgf
annual Premiums, CAPITAL Stock, and SstLus Fundss
e1Ha ~ -tsr 100000. ~ tuft ~ FL,
IuNHIs old and responsible Company continues 10
4 policies on the most favorable terms Dwelling
Houses, Household Furniture, Stores stocks of Goods,
Warehouses and their Contents Mills ard Maufac.oIies,
&C., &C., against Loss OR paMAGR By Fms ~i.s4s
Also, on Goods Wares and Merchandise, agails: the
hazards Of Inland transportation, and upon the Cargoes
of vessels. .t tre tyo s.Fe - e r. - -
The Protection Insurance Company having in the
last 25 years paid MANY millions If dollars their
raj agencies throughout the United States and the Brit
s Provinces have established just reputation for SOL
vency and fair deahg, which challenges comparison
with any other Insurance Company the Continent cf
America. The annexed extract from article the
subject of Insurance Companies, taken from the N Y.
Day Book exhibits briefly the standing and policy of this
Company: Ftsf SCR &C. F.fFT .gsTagrEsx
"The moneyed men of this ancient and prosperous
city Of Hartford have for half century been famous
throughout the Union for the discretion rigid hon
formed and managed corporations Of this descrp ton.
No Hartford bank Coinpany failed!
These Companies have for than whole generation
scattered their risks in nearly every Of the Union,
and have never failed pay the innninerabe losses
which they have insured against" sfa t' 4A
All losses arising upon policies issued by the under
signed will be promptly adjusted and paid the General
Agency Office, located Cincinnati, o. A large por-
ton of the funds of the Company (ncnding all 2reHi-
received at the western agencies is deposited with
the General Agent of the Company Cincinnati, for
the payment of Western and Southern Apply
3S-tf ii. l.. MOSS, Agent, saltwater.
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
N EM co Cd s.

lust RECEIVED, at the Boston Furnishing
- Store, per Steamers Nominee and Lamartine
direct from Boston and New-York, a large and
elegant stock Of French, English and American
Dry, Goods, embracing almost every style and
fabric that can be found in the eastern markets.
We would invite the ladies of ST. Paul, st.
Anthony and vicinity to examine our stock Of
thin Dress goods embracing Swiss and Bard
Muslins, Berages, Lawns. India Linens &C., be-
ieying thoylcannot be surpassed in the Territory.
Cashmeres, Deiaines, and Linen LaSfres.
We hive received one case Of beautiful French
Delaines and cashneres. The style cannot be
surpassed. Also, few pieces of Linen aLustres
which are very desirable e.7afo ~ s"e'a 81
ssles, P,infsi Prints - 9 4. 3. :.
Among eur Prints will be found two cases Of
Merrir9a cks, new Spring styles. cases Cocheco,
do. Manchester, do. Fall River, l do. Mourn-,
ing and 10 do. various Sly les and colors. Is sia
,t 49, Shdicls ! Shdirls z! 4a's SD.
Our stock OF Shawls consists of carton All
wool Cashmeres, do. Brocha, 4 Berage, de.
Isle thread Printed CashHlcres, nj. ID. &c.
lalt ;sa.daaa Hosiery. "a s. b.
Our assortment is complete eng every
quality usually kept in retail STORE
Our stock Of Bieached and Uableaehed Cot
tons is unusually large, with a few pieces fine
all wool Fiannas. Bleaehed Brown Linen Table
Covers, Cotton Darnasl Super Hervy Tickings,
Linen diapers, Crashes, Linen hdkfs. Ginghams,
Cunbrics, Sileses, Crewels, Patches, Gimp and
Fringes, Laces. Edgings, Carpet Bags, sc. &c.
III. 10 "a Ready-.Made Clothing.
We would say to the gentlemen of ST. Paul,
ST. Anthony and surrounding country that our
stock Of Ready-Made Clothing and Furnishing
Goods cannot be surpassed. 1t is of our own
manufacture and will be warranted in every par
ticular. Following is few of the many articles
received: ~8SAE 5ESSsAft
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
PAGES PORTABLE SAW Midland
HORSE POWER. .t.-rs e.

Vie most useful and necessary machine In operation;
is simple in construction, and easily kept in order;
and can be moved on wagons as readily u shng
machine, and put in operation at small expense II
viii saw from 10 two Thousand feet OF lumber per
and in better style than any other mill in use IL
is equaiy well adapted 10 steam, water horse p,wer.
The undersigned, agents for the paieaiee would an
nounoe 20 the pnblic that they lo prepared fr-
nsh mills with without horse power, OF superior
quality and workmanship, with the right touse the same,
upon the most favorable ters at the mandatory No.
2G2 Second street, st. Louis, no. All orders addressed
TO US viii he promptly executed, and any Information in
regard to Mills cheerfully given.
Persons ordering mills VIII please mention the state
and county Ia which they wish To use them.
=, KINGSI.AND q FERGUSON
Capt Dojd, who uses saws Of the above description,
at the Lower Mil in Spspl is the agent for Messrs
n. F.g Capt, Dodd will also make machinery TO order
of any description whatever, ON the NEST favorable
terrRs. , .'t ", 2-46
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
~ !, cAvENDER & MATTHEW'S,

UpLACkSMITHSn ut the Red shop, the east side of
Ii Roberts street, ST. Paul, reared with the
best stock Of iron and Steel of all pate and varieties
thar ever was brought to this town; including, beside
common Eagllsh and American iron, Juniata, Bloom,
Swedes, Russia and English bar; also German and bs-
steel and an article Of steel for cutlery equal the
best of Sheffield In connection with our Smith chop
we have also Wagon Shop, with sa3pIy Of xhe best
SEASONED white oak and other material for making tin
top wagons begies, and sleighs, which make iron
and warrant 10 order, In short notice Also every des-
cripton Of plows liefsf ~ ~ ysja ~ es ~ 49,
we intend 60 put the business Of Our shop straight
through. And though il may be said we live by our
and forge and steel for living, we mean 10 do
honest work for honest prices. 81 80 =
Z May Is, 1851. - - a9.-' 49, ~ q Ally
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
MINNESOTA STORE.
tot Netc York, Philadelphia, or Boston

Dat sisaPly .Nsnnes0fd. p
II BEG LEAVE TO cali tho attention Of the
Il Public generally TO my heavy stock of goods,
which having been bought for Cash (and at pri-
vate sale) can be disposed Of as low as by any
house III The country. The stock is composed Of
almost every thing required in Dry Goods, Hard
ware, Croekery, Tin-ware, Boots and Shoes,
Hats, and Groceries Except Liquors.; and
would direct the attention of the Ladies TO small
lot Of Dress Patterns, consisting Of Lawns, Frepch
jaconets, &c. which are just opened. In a few
days shall remove TO that New Store, now in
the course Of construction, opposite the Post Office
where solicit continuation Of the patronage
have already received $50 -.r
+, Some few best quality cigars by the box-real
Simon fores. Regalies, cost $40 in New York.
june 9, 1850. ~ w. II. FORBES.
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
COL. J.RoRINsoNas

The great men Of the Nineieeath Century,
eriends has Compliments TO the SAINTS
aad Sinners of Minnesota Territory
ENOl.. ROBlNSON'S General Intelligence Of
" fee and Commercial News Depot, Main st.
Galena, Illinois; where merchants, mechanics,
lawyers, and the public viii obtain Information
in rotation TO the Standing, honesty and stability of
individuals engaged in mercantile pursuits; also,
in relation 10 their present situation, or as they
may change hereafter. His scope ofinformation
embraces western Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota
and Iowa, and the cities Of 81. Louis, Louisville,
and Cincinnati n. ID. Letters on business, post
paid. Terms moderate.
P.S. Pennsylvania Cheap Clothing,
Dry Goods, and Grocery Store; where ''all
mankind and the rest Of the human family"
without distinction Of nation, pelitics, creed or
complexion, may come with light hearts and cheer
fGl countenanoes, with or without money, and all
SHAH receive The right hand Of fellowship, be-
sides the Great Mans Blessing.
Galena, Second after Leap Year, 9th Month
and Second day. 2-4-Iy ssH1s
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
GREAT BARGAINS.

yUUIE undersigned 10 duly authorized by Samuel LeAch
to sell and convey by general warrantee deeds, the
following described real estate in the immediate vicinity
OF St. Paul, to wit: 60 - 80 "a
The Southwest oneourth of the Southeast quarter and
the East half of the Southwest quarter Of Section No. /.
2s north of Range No 23 west Also Lot No. s. Sec
ton No. G. and Lot Mol of section No. in Township
No. "a, north of Range No. % west -
The above lands Join the Town Plat of st. Paul. ono
hundred and twenty 81 which rerick Prairie, and
fifty of tiubered land fronting The river, Also ihir
laid OFF adjoining the into out lots Of one, to
tLres, four and eight acres. .lt- - yes 4 sfao
Tie above Lands and Lots will be sel on liberal terms,
ard persons wishing purchase Pats osthe same
and be shown the grsands by Richan 'Freeborn the
undersigned. ---4 4 a =. st.,i D.. w. LOTT.
st. Paul, MAY !, 1851. 2-6n.
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
NEW GOoDs::
a RECENT expedition to the cities Of New York
"A Philadelphia, has resulted III the arrival, at


IA Philadelphia, has resulted i'll the arrival, at 7
r. NJ. sPENcER's "CIfEAP CASH SToRE,n
of Of the splendid stocks of Goods brought
to st. Paul, and consists npart Of the following rich
assortment of Silks, French poplns barege delane In
da capes and fg'd lyrans Of all colos and most bean
tifa sly less which are unsurpassed in beauty Also
large lot Of white, dotted coored ard embroidered Swiss
musns plain Swiss, null and book mIIslins; cardinal
and bishops lawns, painted lawns and musns India
linens, and Grape shaws, superior article Also a'gn
eral assortment Of ladies gents, misses and chdrens'
hose and half hose; gloves of every Variety and quality,
silk ana tare satin paasels silk and linen pocket hdks
and neck ties of all kinds, tortoise shell, horn,
tuck and side combs; Persian and Coats spool tfed,
spool and sken SILK of all col ors ribbons OF the richest
and most beautiful styles; silver double plated Tea and
table spoons; beads, jeweiry, artificial flowers, &c We
would particularly call the attention Of the ladies Of st.
Paul and vicinity, TO large assortment of Bonncts,
consisting of silk, Florence, hair BRAID French lace
bonnes Also, extensive stock OF ladies' misses
e. cbildrens' shoes Also large lot of gents calf
rocco boots, CATERS IL half CATERS. - $500.
Besides general assortment OF Qucensware Glass
ware, Hardware Il Cutlery, Window Glass Nails, G ro-
ceries a. Provisions, Hats q Caps, &c. AL Of which
will be sold low for cash. We invite all to call exam
Inc opr Yok Before purchasing elsewhere are de-
terinined not to be undersois. 80" =,
\. ST. Paal, May 18th, 1851. $40 9
The Minnesota pioneer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. Territory) 1849-1855, 1851-07-03
ErNA FIRE INSURANCE co..

g Incorporate, M6g, ls ~.
TIME undersigned having been appointed agent of this
II old and responsible Company, is prepared 10 take
risks at reasonable rates any other reliable Gem
pany.
The reputation Of the "Etna CO." Is widely known
as that of any other In the UhiteG States ard perhaps
more So. The Company has had lbs share others,
Of prosperity and ycssitude; and while il has been for
over 50 years dispensing laid and uufor-
iunate, no 81 iimant has been asked to defer
mert for want of
The undersigned is preparsd give satisfactory eve
dence of its stability and rrcmptness In the adjustment
OF losses. Appyto L. =. Ty...s az Nsss..
d. Paul, Nov "a, 1850. ' 1.r9ift . y