davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22
Negroes In California.

HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY-NlARGH T.
Mr.. Merritt introduced the following bill con-
corning free persons Of color which was read hrst
time;-
See l. All free persons of color, now in this State,
or who may hereafter come into TINS state, shaii,
without DELAY execute bond, with one or more
good securities for the sum OF five hundred dollars
to be approved by the judge of the county court OF
such county for their good behavior, conditioned
that they will not become a charge to the county
or State for the period of said bond.
See. 2. Ii any free person of color, now IN this
state, shall fail or refuse to comply with the pro-
visions of this act for sixty days after ats passage,
or if any free person of color hereafter coming into
this State, shall fail refuse to comply with this
act within twenty days after their arrival, it shall
be lawful for any free man i'll this State to take such
free person of color before any justice of the peace
in this State, whose duty it shall be to commit such
free person Of color to the county prison, or bind
him her out to- hard labor until such bond shall
be given: Provided, that if the security shall be
given at any time during such bond to servtude,
such free person of color shall at once be set Mt
liberty
See. 3. 1t shall be duty of the sheriff and each
constable in this State to make dligent inquiry in
their respective counties and beats tor all free per-
sons of color, and see that they comply with this
act The sheriff or constable, as the case may be,
shall be allowed fee of two dollars for each free
person of color taken before justice of the peace,
to be paid by such free person of color.
See. 4. 1t shall be the duty of the judge of the
county court, to that the sum Of twelve dollars
be paid to the clerk of the county court, upon the
execution of any bond by any free person OF color
ten dollars of which sum shall be paid over by the
clerk TO the county treasurer, one-half of which
shall be retained for county purposes, and the other
one half shall be paid into the State treasury by
the county treasurer, for State purposes; two dol
lars of which shall be allowed the clerk for issuing
and filing said bond.
See ). # shall be the duty of the county judge TO
have provided book, in which shall be entered the
name, age, and description of each person OF color
so applying and obtaining license; which book
shall be kept by the clerk of the county court, i'll
his Office and shall be open to the inspection Of any
and all citizens.
On mott On of Mr.. Moore, the rules suspended
and the bill read second time and ordered to be
printed.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

the ordinary process Of washing. By the use Of
quicksilver, the gold is taken up and sdhsres IN
Jumps, while the dirt floats on the surface and 10
easily separated.
In addition to the quicksilver mine to which we
have particularly referred, there are three or four
Others in the same valley, though not worked to
the extent, yet are reported TO be equally as
rich in yield Of ORE These mines we're worked long
before this beautiful country fell into the possession
Of the energetic people whose cabins are now found
in every valley, by the side of every streamet, and
throughout the mountains. 1t is said by correspon-
dent Of an eastern paper, that the aborigines had
known and resorted TO these deposits Of cnnabar for
centuries for the purpose Of procuring coloring ma
terial with which to adorn their faces and persons,
and it was by following their trail that a know
ledge of the existence of this valuable mineral was
obtained.
From this it viii be seen that gold alone is not
the only source of wealth to those who seek our
shores for permanent habitation, with the less
commendable determination Of amassing sudden
fortunes. The quicksilver deposits alone will afford
sufficient inducement for the investment of large
capital and when to this is added the silver ore
and last, and greatest, the golden treasure, the
world need no longer wonder that the eyes Of
moneyed men in every locality are turned to Cafor
mia, affording the safest investment, and sures
| and largest return.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

ELorEMryT AND MURDER IN MissrSsfrri.-The
Paulding tMis) CLARION, Of the 9Th inst, contains
long account OF the elopement ofthe wife Of plan
ter in Florida, with Mississippian from Hancock
colnty by the nsme Of Hardy, who was living in
slsrida. The guilty wife assisted her paramour to
steal from her injured husband negro boy, pair
Of horses and carriage, a doube-barrel gun, and
some other property, with which they started
for tie residence Of llardy's mother, in Han
cock ceunty, Miss. which point they safely reached.
The outraged husband, finding himself robbed of
property we'll vile, made pre- parati0ns 10 pur
sue. But the blow had been 50 heavy as to unnan
hiss; he Ossild not consent TO follow her who had
been pillow.d his breast, and 10 n friend. named
Smith, was esleyated the task of pursuing the fugi-
tives. Smith traced them to Green county, Miss,
where be learned they had arrived in Hancock and
were at the residence Of IIsrdys mother. The as
sistaBcc Of n conple Of resolnte was obtained;
the three made descent the house. and entered
the room where Hardy and his guilty companion
in bed before ID, was aware Of their presence.
Hardy who is Represented as a man Of herculean
strength, leaped fIom the bed and. unarmed az he
was. came ear making good his escape from the
three. But n blow with the butt Of one of the guns
Knocked him down, when he was securely bound.
The property was recovered, but the woman de-
clined going back 20 Florids, and was left. The
PARTY returned to Green with their prisoner, when
Smith dismissed his assistans, and after ironing his
legs, took his seat by the side ot Hardy in the
riage, The negro boy riding behind on Smiths
horse. Two miles from where he LETT his assistants,
smith was afterwards found murdered, his money
all taken, well Of the carriage horses, and
Harry and the negro gone. The conclusion -
that the negro. who had been very imprudcntly
permitted To carry n bowie knife, stabbed smith
from behind. and then relieved Hardy, and that tho
latter, his hands loose, also assisted.
Strong Efforts were making 70 arrest the murdcrers.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22
4Gsnaang OF Yankee jim.

FROM the sacrainento Transcript
Conversing witha miner lately down from Downe-
Vile, heard further particulars respecting
the man known Yankee Jim. The affair was
not hurried over though it were done in the ex-
in confinement for two days previous TO his execu-
ton and at one time, when IL was rumored that
his associates intended to him, force Of two
hundred men, we'll armed, were organized to watch
the prisoner. On the day Of execution, the crimi-
nal, though he did not confess his guilt in the affair
for which be suffered yet he owned that HE sem
tence was js-t, and that he bad committed many
offences worthy Of death The crime he was
charged with, was fully proved, and there were
several persons present, who swore that he had at
different times stopped them the road, and with
a presented pistol given them the choice Of Your
money your life" Under the fatal tree he
grea sed the repe and making the moose he adjusted
i on his own neck, and giving the signal, was hur-
ricd into eternity,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22
The Quicksilver Mines OF California.

From Tie Eactic News Warren 10
We yesterday morning gave an article upon the
mineral resources Of California, more particularly.
and devoted 10 the operations and Investment If
capital in quartz mining, which must always re-
main the more legitimate and abundant sources q
wealth 20 those who come here 70 make their for
tunes by patient labor 81 the expendi are q money.
We now propose 20 devote a little space In this
morning. issue 10 the silver mines VI California
a subject lu. little referred 10 by journals letter
writers.
The richest mine yet discovered i located In The
Santa Clara Valley, about twelve miles from Fan
Jose, which Il worked by an individual company.
who hold possession under the old Mexican title If
"denouncement." A, this mine Q large number Of
furnaces In operation. These furnaces resemble
IN appearance long steam boiler. set in brick With
hres underneath. The CHINA bar, or quicksilver orc,
is thrown into the boiler where II Is left from thirty
TO forty hours by which time il il smelcd, and the
quicksilver, in fuil statc Is drawn OF in yes-cis,
after the manner observed in iron foundries. The
ore does not require 70 be crushed, except y con-
venent size for the boilers
The color Of the ore j. vormilion, resembling
red chalk, immense piles ~ which are constantly
on hand, prepared for the smelling process. and
which not unircquenty yields fifty per cent some.
times the net profits yielding a. high a. 900 per
day. The mine Il worked by Mcxicans aud Chile.
ans, Who carry the orc in raw hide sacks, upon their
shoulder from the bottom of the vein 70 the open
ing above, distance Of between three aud four
hundred feet. The mine is probably the richest in
me world, and with the same facilities and ma
chnery used elsewhere, would yield most cnor-
mvusn- iaI lond even what Is now produced.
~ one time during The past season. there we're
c.oVv edrgds, or mule loads, q the ore lying
at the mouth Of the mine each ,or0t LeinS
900 pounds, or an aggregate q 2po pounds
At an average yield of City nor cent tho
product would be l,2U,00O pounds of puro 1uiol,
silver, wbich,'a market value OF II par parrd
would yield the enormous sum of ~ 2N ivg This
fnds ts way 70 m lret Ia direction nj another
but ts value Is enhanced by the fact that Califor
sia itself affords a good market large quantities
being used ID separating en- particles III gold from
&c sand and dirt, and which cannot be procured IN
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

DAA VraneAooOs
fYrom the Alta California, March 1B.1
Nothing can more strongly exhibit the sudden
developement OF commerce IN this part OF the
world, and the gigantic arrangements so promptly
made for its extension, than the steam meet now
navigating the coasts and rivers Of the Nsrth Ia
cihc.
The annexed table is designed to enumerate the
ocean steamers sailing from the port Of san fran
cisco for the southern ports, and terminating AZ
Panama; also the ocean steamers engaged IN hasS
eating the north coast and terminating at Portanu
Oregon; and finally the feet Of steamers engaged
in navigating the rivers Of Upper California-the
whole amounting to So steam vessels, large anu
small, and measuring ~, 600 tons.
is the result of minute estimate made by Messrs'
VIM. McCan s. Co., Of this city, and may be de-
pended upon approaching to accuracy.
The inland feet, including tow-boats, consists OF
| sixty steamers, large and small. OF these there
are seven whose import their own coal, ieav-
ing the remainder, for the most part small vessels,
| dependent on this market for their supply; and
from accurate investigation 1t appears that tney
| consume monthly 100 tons, due allowance being
made for such as are withdrawn for repairs and
| other causes.
The consumption of the seven steamers for which
Goals imported is estimated at 600 tons month
| ly showing the total consumption of Goals by the
| river steamers to be z 100 tons monthly.
| The directors of the ocean steamers and a por-
ton of the river boats, are importers of coal oi
| their own consumption. asionally, However
| low prices may induce them to become buyers, ano
high prices, if their stocks permitted, might induce
| some to become sellers.
The monthly consumption of coal, usually dc
| pendent upon this market for its supply may be
estimated at $500 tons but at present nearly al
| the consumers of coal are importers, that the
| quantity changing hands is comparatively small
| About one third Of the whole consumption is an
| thracite, the remaining two thirds being bitumi
| nous. OF the anthracite consumers prefer Lacka
| wanna, and of the bituminous the preference il
| given to Cardiff Goals.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

AMER the addresses and other ceremonies at the
Anniversary Meeting on Sunday evening, March
y, the Society chose the following officers for the
ensuing years
pr,sidsnt--Rev osgood q. wheeler
Tfoe Presid,nts-Dr =. g. Cobb. San Jose, Mr. J. T. T.
v Warren. Sacramento; Col silas Casey, Benica.
Tr,aspnr--D. l.. Roes. san Francisco.
Corresponding Secretary and Diosiiogy-ThoInas j Me-
wins. San Francisco.
R,rsdas S,cysfart--W Hard Leonard san Francisco
Uirsefys-Rev. H. %. Grinncll Rev y " Hrayton Rev
Edward Bannistcr San jose; Rev James Woods. Rev
" VIM Stockton: Rev. s. Woodbridge Jr, Rev = g.
symonds w. &. wetnore Jonathan Royce Benica; Row
joseph " Benton. Rev. y W Cagip. Rev. " A. Briggs
Rev Mr. Pollock Hon Edward y. Wills Prof Forrest
Shepherd nr " q Deal. Sacramento city. Rev v
Mines Ets WIN Taylor. Rev. r Dwight Hunt. Rev Dr.
Yer Mthr Rev Albert Williams. Rev Jesse Eofihs Rev
p A Wiley. Rev v w. prevauN,J u. Bond. y y Lip
Mt fhos. n s,ily. Frederic Billings. Chas u Roe
capt 4 W Richardson. DaFid y. Iiawly John Pope
capt y kI-eht, II. Jameson, ". ". 0rifr, Dr IL. u.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

ARREST CorSrERFEIIERs Ar WORCESTER.
MAss.-The Worcester, Mass, 1ianscfJa states
that in the police court Of that city, on Monday "a,
muel Stanhope and Elbrdgc g.. Thatcher oil Yer
mont, were examined and bound over in the sum
Of $1,000 each, for trial at the next term of the
Common Pleas Court. Stanhope had in his pos
session slG0, and Thatcher $50 In counterfeit bills
on the Union Bank, Hartford Stark Bank BEN
nngton, and two or three other banks; among them
los on the Bank Of New York, in New York a new
have been In the habit OF working in Worcester
during the busy months, and when opportunity Of
fcrsd for speculation, have sent to Vermont for sun
plies Of counterfeit money, which they have gene
rally passed through the hands of those who re-
cciycd II for that purpose ignorant of its character
il seems that the operations have enlisted several
in tie business in that city and vicinity one OF
whom was examined and bound over by Justice
] ana, few days since and Others are already un-
der arrest.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

7
We understand that couple Of gentlemen lately
arrived in the country, Intend during the present
year TO try the experiment Of rice planting the
over8owed lands Of the San Joaquin. The natural
advantages which these lands possess, the warm
q mate, and the quality Of the soil, offer every in
ducemeR to the cultivation Of rice, and see no
reason why the experiment should not succeed. At
any rate we are glad to see that it il to be tried
With rice along the river banks, and wheat and
barley growing in the back country, California will
yet be able to establish herself land Of agri-
cultural wealth.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

Hon. HENRY CLAY AT New ORrr,vs-HIs
IRiP FROM HAvASA.-The U. :. mail steamship
OHIO, Lieut.. Schenek, commander, arrived ycstcr-
DAY morning, Mt eleven o'clock, from Havana w,tf,
the California and Pacific mails. Among the pas-
sengers by the Ohio is the Hon. Henry Clny from
Havana. The U. :. steam frigate Saranac, Cant.
Iatnall, sailed from Havana for Pensacola on the
81 INST, at half past eight o'clock A. NJ At eleven
o'clock A. NJ, Mr. Clay was conveyed on board Of
the Ohio in the Captain Generals barge, when the
OHIO Immediately left, and passed the Moro at half
past eleven o'clock. AT one o'clock l.. VI, saw the
smoke OF steamer about twenty five miles ahead,
which proved to be the frigatc Sarnnac, which yes-
sci left Havana three hours ahead Of tho Ohip AZ
i've o'clock Il. VI. the Ohio had gained on her 81
as TO bring her hull in full view from deck; and NJ.
ball past seven o'clock Il. NJ, was directly abean
ard about ono. eighth ofa mile distant The sara,
nae was illuminated with large battle lights. fore
aud ait, and during the passing Of the Ohio fired n
salute Of thirteen guns aud four volleys cf nuskotrv
IN honor Of Henry Clay. The firing Of rockets ami
the burning Of blue lights illuminated tbe sbin,
that the people could be distinctly recognized en-
I he decks of each vessel Three cheers werc gvan
by the passengers Of the Ohio, which were nswcreJ
by the crew Of the Saranac. The stillunss az The
night, and the calmness Of the water lent ancbant
ment to the scene, which was one of The most mag
nfeent ever witnessed nj sea This NAV ia &c
sidcrod one Of the finest compliments that ilr Clav
has ever had paid to him during his travels "
AJrR9 "'"''"''
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22
The Turf.

MrrArnrr COURSE Loursr.sA) RAcrs-Founrn Day
Friday April 4.-IIarris stake for two years old-mIe
heats Subscription S3OO-forfet 500
W J Minors br. f. La yraie Refine, by Sovereign,
out of veracity, by Pacific, she by imp Brta-
A. L. Bngaman's CHI f. IIiariot, by Glencoe, dam
Ma. a coekerelI and connay ch f. by Glencoe,
dam Martha Washington. ......."............ 2 .
j. J. Iughes's b. c. Mahomet, by Sovereign, Gam
j. NJ Cay's ch C. Wade Hampton, by Boston dam
Margaret Woods by Priam, out Of Maria West. pd IT,
I. J. Wess own sister to Rigadoon pd IT,
Time, l534a-1:521a
SECOND RAcE-Same Day.-szymanski stake-four
mile hcatss1 900 subscrption-s3oo foreit-ior three
ig szymansks CHI f. Folly, by Glencoe, dam Fam
T II poindexters br f., by Sovereign, dam Nara
I J. Weiss produce Of Reel and Ambassador pd it.
A. L. Bingaman, Jr's b. by Ruihn dam Aralinc pd IT,
Firth DAy.-Monday, April Hockey Club Purse
S1O00-four mile heats.
I J. Wells CHI g. Rigadoon, by Glencoe dam Fam
D. F. kenne1s b. h. stockton own brother to Free
s. NJ Inns yh T. Maria Woods by Yorkshire dam
Time, slejz-s:3i3s
SIXTH DAY-TuEspAY, April s.-Purse $500 mile heats,
T. s Noises b. h. Flying Dutchman. by
Grey Eagle, ID by Muckle John, years
B. + Kenner's CHI & Scissors, BY Grey Eagle,
dam By Medoe years old. ;.:,. a..
S. N. Hills CHI Tulip, by Grey Eagle, dam .
Eliza Jenkins. years old. ..............
T. u. Patterson'sg Little Blue, by Grey
Eagle. dam by Brunswick, years old. Q
T b, Goldsbys CHI. by Traveller, dam Mary
Queen Of Scots, years old. .............
T. l.. Crafts CHI Yellow Rose by imp.
Margrave. dam by Eclipse. years Old. dis.
J. Turnbus CHI m. Fanny O., by imp Mar
grave, dam by Lancess. years old ........ dis.
Time l:55-1:56-l:541a-l54ts.
BlSc AMAs Cot RISE, LA-WEpSrspAy, April o.-rehuan-
tepec Stake for two years old mile heats $500 bscrip
ton. 800 forfeit
Andrew Bells =. e. Harkleroad by Pacific, dam
by imp. Luzborough. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ]
g. W Caldwells b. 4. Gov Butler dam by Noto-
rious dam Margaret Blunt, by Eclipse. o 2dis
A. J.. Bngaman's CHI. I. by imp. Glencoe, dam
Martha Malone. ....... $500: pd #.
Duncan y. Kenner's b. c. Mahomet, by Sove-
reign dam Flight. Observation-Disclosures. pd IT.
W. J. Minors br. T. La yraic Rene, by Sove-
reign. dam veracity, she by Pacific, out Of
imp Britannia. NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. pd It.
Time, 1:56-1:57-2.05
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

In the year lsi9, the value Of imports from Cali
fornia was Sl3l ,5Oj So while in 1850, IL had
amounted to s305,9l2 -
The discovery Of gold in California has proved
not only of advantage to those who came to the
golden land, not only Of advantage to the United
states and her citizens in general, but particularly
has il proved a benefit of incalculablc importance
to these green islands Of the sea. A group which,
ten years ago, was visited only by missionaries and
whalcrs. has suddenly become a nation Of CONNER
cial importance, and has found in California a mar
ket to which may be sent the rich products of its
soil, and receive in return the manufactures Of the
Atlantic, and the gold dust Of our placcrcs.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

GENERAL. SUMMARY OF COAL IUNsUMFIIUN.
Tons.
Monthly con n Of coal BY the River Steamers 2100
Nail Line to Panama. 80. 900
Laws Line. :. .......... 500
Steamers for SRI Ports. $50
Nr'n So. ll50
Estimated consumption u coal in the city Of San
Francisco for domestic use................... 900
Estimated monthly consumption in San Francisco
for manufacturing purposes, machine shops steam
printing presses blacksmiths Sc............... 1A
Tons ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. $500
This estimate no reference Goals board
during the voyage.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

Fosr orrcE OrrrArfov8-The Postmaster General has
ttnilshed The following post ofces tor the week
tudnE ATrh " lh5l-AnrrOws Jefferson county. " N .
I'll, mas W. t,liBs, postnastsr; sou,b Iiarri.burgh
Lewis county y. y ksvau Jliu, postmaster.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

FROM the NhrySNlIe Atat.l Herald Narcn =
A new route has been discovered, leading from
the head Of Truckee river, through level country
Co this side Of the mountains Emigrants coming
this route will find good grass and water all the
way; IL also shortcns the travel into the Sacra-
mento valley nearly one hundred miles. All that
IL necessary to make the travel through this pass
perfectly good, Is the cutting away Of the scattering
underbrush A splendid road can, therefore, be
cut, at very little expense. This road would
not only save the engrnnt a considerable distance
in travel, but would tend greatly 10 the advantage
Of Marysyille, the road would come in at this
side Of the mountains, between Feather and Yuta
rivers. joining the road from Downeyille Grassy
Valley, direct for this place Mr. William IIutch-
inson, his brother, and two persons of the Of
Elliot, all Of whom now live IN SOnoroa county, dis
covered this pass while prospecting in the hills for
gold We presume they would be willing to Sc
eond any movement Of our citizens ~ have the road
cut There Is not the least doubt Of it, feasibility
Col. Brophy, Of Linda. whom many Of our readers
know Is acquainted with the existence Of this pass.
and will youeh for the correctness of the statement.
Sacramento City owes, in great measure. her
importance and large population to the fact Of be-
ing the terminus 81 the overland emigration trail.
The emigrants who have come in across the plains
are of the Rost valuable class Of our citizens; they
al bring with them more or less stock; they are
those who are always most likely 10 settle upon and
cultivate the earth and many of them bring their
iamilss With them. Il i to this class Of emigration
W. must look - form permanent population. IL
i time that the citfens II Marysyille should n AXE
an excrtipn 10 O.tan fll share Of the benefits of
this emigration. We have now the opportunity, by
little animation on the Tubcct, and little cnsr
getic action, to reap harvest Of advantage. Let
this opportunity net be lot. The first emigration
generally reaches the valley about the month a
June. II Ne 70 y work and clear a road through
this pass by the beginning Of ilay and then send
cut messengers 10 iuoet the early emigration. aud
- place landlords in proper positions the
route, there is doubt that Marysgille will be- be-
lore next f az Least twice its present sizc sad the
surrounding country will also be deDsely settled by
n active and industrious population.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-04-22

Autniy Wilson p,st office clerk has bacn arrcs.ed
,,mac' iVnn; Tor robbng sbe mail BE confessed