davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24
NnvnI improvements.

The subjoined article. copied from the Lon
don Nautical Standard, makes some sugges-
tons on the subject of naval improvements, par
tcularly in relation TO the screw propeller,
which will be of interest to many of our read
ers. We believe that the time is not distant
when the idea of sending ship of war to sea
dependent exclusively upon the propelling
power of the wind, will be secuted as naval
barbarism Notwithstanding the large extent
to which the screw has been introduced into the
British marine, the STANDARD complains that the
Admiralty have not devoted sufficient attention
to it, considering It's varied recommendations
and the change which it is obviously destined
to produce both in war and commerce. 1t is
somewhat singular, perhaps, whilst the Ameri-
can Government, at the suggestion and under
the persevering application of Commodore
STOCKTON, succeeded in presenting to the world
the first specimen. of a sea going propeller yes
sel--we alude Of course to the Princeton
and whilst vessels fitted with limitations of her
steam arrangements have been added to the ma
vies of England and France, that our own navy
has received but a single addition TO this i'm
portant arm of the service. We suppose it is
universally conceded that the Princeton, though
built eight years ngo, has never been surpassed.
if it has at any time been equalled by the ma
val skill of the most scientific European nation
We shall have occasion again to refer to this
subject, and meanwhile we submit tho obser-
vations of the Standard on this and kindred
topics for the consideration Of those whom they
most concern
eft cannot denied that the mechanical appli-
ances Of soamanshp have, beyond all other aids to
practical art, moved most slowly down the stream
| Of time. Sea men have ever been much influenced
by preudic in favor of tradition, and hence have
ever exhibi:e 4 marked aversionto accept of me-
| chanical aid for the sbridgmcnt of labor. Our
friends tn other sido Of the Atlantic have, how.
ever, succcec,d in conqucring this perncious OBJ
stacle toimpr ysment, and have adopted, in many
instances, the contributions of mechanical power,
which have greatly reduced the amount of manual
labor necessary for the maneuvring of ships. How
! valuablesuch reduction of labor is, particularly
in men Of wa we need not insist; and yet in our
own case, The rigging of a man of war, so far as
regards The nechanical powers used, is much of
the same chatetcr at the very birth-timo Of the
British navy
"Steam . ct in it's infancy--tho screw is doom
cd before lJr, 70 assume the most important place
in nayd afmamcnt-the paddle ia not without
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

its peculiar advantage; and yet who can pro-
nounce either that the or the other is in such
condition as to satisfy the exigencies of war pur-
poses, or who can deny that there is wide field
open for mechanical improvement in the Applica-
ton of steam as the means of locomotion to ships
intended for warlike purposes.
"The Board Of Admiralty would do well, while
the leisure OF peace permits them TO calculate calm
ly the contingencies Of the future, to give every
encouragement to the contributors of practical i'm
provements in the art of navigation and seaman
ship, and more especially to that class of who
the best qualified by their experience to offer
suggestions for the improvement and better adapta
ton of steam the means of propulsion. The
paddle, in its most improved form, never sur
yive the ordeal of naval contest; and the screw,
although it is open to less objection is not free from
great defects, which would become apparent
under severe trial. That the latter instrument
must supersede all other means of propulsion is
scarcely open to any doubt; it therefore behooves
to lose time in testing the extent of capabiity
ofthis important element of power; at the same time
aseertaining by what means it may be adapted TO
ships of war, to render it in the greatest de-
gree impregnabe in warfare, and that without
prejudice to the strength and other necessary quail
tiles of of war.
"That the Board of Admiralty does not possess
ample means for insuring the highest degree of
practical improvement in matters OF useful sci
enoe ID a subject to be regretted. Their lordshps,
with the best possible intentions, cannot be sup
posed TO be in possession of that amount OF science
which would enable them in all cases to adjudcats
upon the merits of the inventions Of projectors.
But that their lordships have the means of securing
to themselves such aid ia most unquestionabe; and
we, therefore, indulge the hope that they may see
the Importance of taking time by the forelock, and
avoid the evil consequences which must result
from the postponement of improvement until in
vention has been adopted and already in the
power of other nations. 1t has been long known
that France, with that practical sagacity which
has ever marked her progress in the arts of life
and in the pursuit of science, has been long
occupied in experiments upon the adaptation of
the screw as instrument of marine propulsion.
Our own admiralty, apparently regardless of the
progress Of other nations, has not deemed the sub
ect of sufficient Importance to adopt similar mea-
sures with the French. The result will be, unless
the Board OF Admiralty can BIO induced to change
it's present views, Or at least, its present line of
conduct, that shall some day be exposed to sur
prise, and find ourselves unable to cope with an
enemy whose thrift had anticipated an evil day,
and whose science had enabled them to prepare
the way Of making il the means Of triumph against
a powerful but unwse adversary
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24
Ann1vALs-The Hon. HENar CLAY arrived in

ARRIVALS. The Hon. HENRY CLAY arrived in
this city on Saturday, and took lodgings at the
National Hotel. We have heard also of the follow
ing arrivals: Hon. w. r. KING, of Alabama,
Vice President, and Hon. r. s. MoLoNV, of Illinois,
at Gadsby's; Hons. JEREMIAH CLEMENS, Senator
from Alabama, r. F. Stockton, Senator from New
Jersey, Hons. LINN BOYD, Representative from
Kentucky, JOHN G. MILLER, of Missouri, GEORGE
w. JONES' of Tennessee, EPSON b. OLns, of Ohio.
Colin M. INoERsoLL, of Connecticut, s. G.. HA-
VEN, OF New York, and w. r. SMITH, of Alabama,
at the National Hotel; Hon. A. III. STEPHENS, of
Georgia, and Hon. J. JOHNSON, of Ohio, at the
United States Hotel
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24
Coalitionlsts Mt work.

The Hartford Republican, the leading Free
soil paper in Connecticut, makes an earnest
appeal to its friends in that State to follow the
example set by their brethren of Massachusetts
in coalescing with the Democratic party for
State and Federal purposes. A large portion
of the Democracy of Connecticut are described
as prepared to accept any overtures that may
be made to them; and the substantial profits
resulting from the unholy alliance in the old
Bay State are limited at with delicacy but
with an JUNCTION we'll calculated 10 whet the
appetites Of needy office seekers.
The same policy is being advocated by the
Manchester Democrat, quondam organ Of the
Hunker party, but now, the jealous ally of what
it calls the Gree Democracy"
We notice that some of these coalition prints
are suggesting j. P. Hale, of New Hamp-
shire, for the Presidential ticket, with CAssIUs
M. CLAY for Vice President-prime favorites
of the northern coalitionists
Perhaps some regularly accredited exponent
Of the great Democracy will explain how these
facts tally with the theory of Reorganization, ~
which is just now held in such special favor.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

Commenting upon this table, our contempt
rary says:
"Here we have the fare at tioo cents and one
tenth per mile over capital roads, and at rate OF
twenty six miles hour, and yet our eastern
neighbors require better, cheaper route. From
Albany the river road the rate is cent and
three tenLts, the travel averaging thirty miles per
hour But the moment we turn southwark we find
the rate oftrAve reduced TO nineteen miles per hour
the rate of fare elevated to three cents and three
fenthS mile! Is there not the most valid reason
in the world for adopting the views of the official
organ, and laying a national airline road over
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary
land?"
We append communication addressed to us
by gentleman eminently qualified to speak
upon the subject. twill be seen that he urges
the adoption of the project as part of a great
southern line, and as necessary to prevent the
ultimate diversion of southern traffic from this
section Of the Union:
NEW YoRK, Nov. al, 1851
To the Editor Of the Republic:
SIR: was pleased to in New York paper
of this morning an extract from the Republic adj
vocating an "Air Line Railroad to the Capitol
from this city, TO connect with an "Air Line TO
Boston" If you will urge the above project at
the seat of Government, in connexion with the
railroad interest south of Washington, you may
thereby the "great southern line OF
travel to Baltimore and Washington, instead OF
more western lines, now being constructed through
Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, to
Mobile and New Orleans.
On examination of good map of the United
States, ! find air line from New York to Balti-
more would run some ten miles west of Philadel-
phia. This should BIO obviated by running in
nearly an air line, follows: Starting from New
ark or Elizabethport, New Jersey, passing near or
through New Brunswick, Trenton, Philadelphia
Con the west of the Schuylkill river,) and thence
west of the present railroad to Baltimore, reach
ing Washington on the most direct and feasible
route.
If such road could be chartered through the
different States it would, doubt, be considered
good stock, and confer an immense benefit on the
community at large, as well as advance the indi-
vidual interests of all concerned. Let this road
be built and run at the rate of forty miles per hour
for through trains the fare not to exceed two cents
per mile, and you could then travel from New
York to Washington in six hours, at an expense OF
about four dollars and fifty cents
In addition 10 the above, let me suggest that
Maryland, the District OF Columbia, and Virginia
repeal tho absurd laws which now restrict trade
and commerce, making it lawful for any member
of the Union to manufacture and dispose of bis
wares and merchandise free at the North
and Esst then said road and all the southern roads
would have such accession to their business in
both pa ssengers and freight would tend to wake
up Old Virginia, While remain yours, &c.
j. ID.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

wages have never exceeded three dollars per
week; that is the highest average of his class;
and the prize of one pound may therefore be
considered due, not less to his industry than to
his ingenuity in managing to keep himself and
wife and nine children from absolute starvation.
This is the state of things which exists in close
proximity to the favorite residence of Brltain's
Queenl
1t is tOlerably clear that no country has any
right to be proud of peasantry reared and liv-
ing in such circumstances; and that the wonder
is, not that the George Jeanes class get out
of England when they can, but that any of
them can be kept there to live as George
Jeanes lives. Prince ALBERT may quote poe
try, and pat the little Jeanes's heads, but that
can hardly reconcile them to an existence which
is but one degree above starvation.
Unless some great change occur, the day is
not remote when the rural districts of England
and Scotland will furnish statements akin TO
the following, which we cut from the Irish
correspondence of the London Times:
ga gentleman who has been travelling in the
southern counties gives melancholy account OF
the absolute desolation caused by the continuous
flight of the towards the land of promise at
the other side of the Atlantic. In district of some
twelve miles of country, at the Kilkenny side ofthe
county of Waterford, the population have alto
gether disappeared; there was not, he says hui
man face to be seen during a drive Of two hours;
the very dogs had deserted, and the place looked
as if some pestlence had swept away all traces OF
the inhabitants. AS one of the natural conss-
quences of the Celtic exodus, the profession Of the
law is nearly annihilated in all its branchcs-bar-
risters and attorneys threatened with one com.
mon ruin. The encountered court has all but
swallowed up chancery, with its very long fees,
and longer delays and vexations."
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

interfere, he said, with whatever form of wor-
ship the American charge d'affaires might be
pleased to institute within the precincts of his Off
cia residence. In this state of the case the Amcri
minister had only two courses to pursue: either
to push the matter to extremes, and carry il ulti
mately before the Pope himself for decision, as
being the person from whom the authorization
originally came, or to submit to the Cardinals
suggestions, and gather the congregation of his
countrymen for the present under his own roof.
The fret plan would most probably have in
duced the formal cancelling of the privilege ON
the part of his holiness, whose destiny it has
been throughout his reign to withdraw, upon cool
calculation, whatever advantages his natural good
ness of heart may have prompted him to grant,
and who, Just now, only act in strict con-
formance with the wishcs of his Cardinal Secre-
tary of State and the dominant party of ultra
rcactionists Whereas, by Withdrawing the
mere ntimation of the Cardinal, and rcserving the
Pope's authorization intact, the right to the chapel
would be virtually maintained, and might be once
more acted upon in less fanatical times, it, indeed,
any such are to be hoped for under under the do
mination of the Holy Sec. Mr.. Cass accordingly
chose the latter line of conduct; and the Rev. Mr.
Hastings, on his return from the baths of Lucca,
found that be would not be allowed to resume his
public ministry in the Via del Pontcfici. The Anne
rican congregation will meet at Mr.. Eass's
residence, on the Piazza del Popolo, within
stones throw of the English chapel, although tho
former is inside and the latter outside the walls;
and the abandoned chapel in the Via del Pontcfic,
shorn of its pulpit and ecclesiastical fittings, will
be restored to the of profane art as painters
studio"
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24
"a Bold Peasantry their country,s Pride,


The British provincial journals which reach
us at this season of the year are pretty gener-
ally filled with accounts of agricultural gather
ings,, and flaming reports Of speeches delivered
by bucolic orators. standing toast on such
occasions is "The Peasantry," and as this is
usually entrusted to some well paid rector, or
the scion of some arstocratc family, he never
fails to expatiate upon the virtues of the class,
and upon their exceeding good fortune in hav-
ing been born in a land where the laborers are
cared for as in England. A few lines from
GOLDSMITH ordinarily complete the speech,
which is washed down with sherry, followed by
vocferous cheering, all to the honor of the pea
santry aforesaid. BY and by the secretary reads
a list of prizes awarded on the occasion, and then
we have further evidence of the parental care
with which the virtues and we'll being of the
tillers of the soil are watched over by their lords
and masters. First come prizes for horses,
bulls, sheep, and hogs, and then the following,
or something like them:
"CLAss To the lAborcr who has brought up
bis family in honest sober, and industrious habts
without parish relief except in cases Of sickness -
George Jeencs-nine children; has had fourteen;
had parish relief once in case Of sickness; all his
children have been at school, cottage toerably
clean-Gl.
"Thomas Ottoway-has ten children, four now
live at home, worked in his present situation eight
years, small clean cottage, and tidy garden L !
civilian Hamlet-haS brought up seven chill
dren, had fourteen, inirm and sickly wife, never
had parish relief, belongs to benefit club, anc
children all 60 to the parish school-l0s."
We take these examples from report of tn,
proceedings Of the Windsor Royal Associa
ton for Improving the Condition OF Laborers :
and we eutreat the reader to mark them well
George Jeanes," Thomas Ottoway," an
civilian Hamlet" are veritable flesh an
blood-bona tide working men-who hav
achieved their distinguished position by reaso
of having reared the largest families wit
the fewest instances Of help from the parochi'
treasury. George Jeanes" has had fourtee
children, and has reared nine, on the pa
try pittance awarded for an English peas
ants labor. We venture to cay that h
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

From BUENos AYREs, we learn by the British
Packet that Rosas, on the 10Th of September, made
a formal address to the Chamber of Representa-
tives in which he withdrew his resignation of the
Presidency. In this document he says:
consistently with my principles, my obliga-
TONS and my reputation, cheerfully defer to the
call of the republic in the actual circumstances and
thus continue in the supreme command; also will
have the signal honor of accompanying my beloved
federal compatrots in their heroic resolution of vim
dicating the national Independence and glory, at
tackled by the perhdious Brazilian Cabinet, by the
ruthless, loathsome Uniarians, and by the dsspica
bic insane traitor the ruthless Unitarian Urquiza
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

RAILROAD AccIBENT.-From the Charleston g.
c. Mercury we learn that on the Goth instant MIR.
Charles Nottingham, assistant conductor, while on
the roof of car adjusting the bell-rope, came in
contact with bridge about five miles from Co
lumbia, was knocked off, and the entire train
passed over both limbs, which were dreadfuliy
crushed. The train was reversed, and tle sufferer
taken back to Columbia, where both legs were
amputated below the knee The patient bore the
operation well, but is considered to be in a very
critical condition.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

FIRsr ARRIVAL OF FLOUR BY RAILRoAD.-On
Saturday last Daniel +. Hooe, of this place, re-
ceived the first load of flour brought to town
by railroad. 1t sent down by VIM. j. Weir
esq, of Prince William county, via the Orange and
Alexandria railroad The flour was manufactured
at Milford Mills, and after being placed in the
freight train, reached here in hour, in s'fne
order and good condition" Huzza for internal i'm
provements, and success to the farmers, millers,
and traders.-Alerandria Gazette of Saturday.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

and not till then, shall we be in possession of a
complete exposition of the principles on which
he proposes to rely in any future struggle for
his country's rights.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

The HILLoTyPE A DELUsIoN.-The New York
State Daguerrean Association recently appointed a
committee to investigate the alleged discovery of
Mr.. l.. l.. Hill, with respect to his ability in taking
dagucrreotypes in colors, and they report that not
only has Mr. l.. L. Hill. deluded many professors
in the Daguerrean art, but that he has deluded
himself thoroughly and completely; that the origin
of the discovery n delusion; that the assumed
progress and improvement Of it was deluson
and that the only thought respecting it in which
there is delusion is for every ono to abandon any
possible faith in Mr.. Hills abilities TO produce
tural colors in daguerreotypes-of which the whole
history has been n unmitigatod delusion.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

QUEEN VICTORIA AND KossUTH.-London papers
state that Sir James Clark the Queens physician,
had called upon Kossuth with the offer of his pro-
fessional services, should the iustrious exile wish
TO avail himself thereof The circumstance is
rightly spoken of as significant as Sir Iapss's po-
sition renders it certain that his conduct in the
matter would be regulated by regard fer the feel
ings of his royal mistress.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24
Arrival of the Atlantic.

We have information that the steamer Atlantic
arrived at New York yesterday with later European
intelligence summary of this news was for
warded to US by our agent, but the person to whom
it entrusted having failed to deliver it either at
the post office the office OF the Republic we are
obliged to go topress without it. This Is the second
time that we have been subject to this vexatious
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

CURIoUs Gaze up hdbeos corpus be-
fore the Judge in Common Pleas Chambers yester
day 1t appears that Mr.. Towsley was in the
habit Of going to the New York Exchange Bank
and demanding change Of certain notes, which
they bound to redeem at n quarter per cent.
discount and insisted on handing in his notes DOL
lar by dollar, to the great annoyance of the teers,
who were nonplussed to find a coin small enough
10 deduct the legal proportion on each dollar bill.
The party persisted in this perplexiDg exchange
for several days, until at last he was apprehcnded
a warrant issued by Justice Osborn, on com
plant that his conduct tended TO a breach Of the
peoce After a full hearing of the case, Judge
Daily granted the discharge of MIR. Towslcy.
IN. y Herald.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

The trials of the parties arrested on the
charge of treason, in Lancaster county, Penn
sylvania, will be commenced to-day In the
United States court at Philadelphia.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24
Air Line Railroad.

The New York Times endorses our article
upon this subject, and gives the following table
as corroboratiye of our statement in regard to
the grievance at present endured by travellers
between that city and Washington:
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

KENTUCKY UNITED STATES SENAToR.-On the
six tn ballot for United States Senator in the Legis-
lature OF Kentucky the vote stood: Dixon, 40;
Thompson, %; F. b. Stone, co. Garrett Davis, l.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-11-24

FENELoN's TELEMAoHUs has lately been trans
lated into Hebrew, and large number of copies
sold to Jews in Russia, by permission of Emperor
Nicholas.