davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10
From the Louisville Courier.
ArriCulfuraI lntcreafs.

While SO large portion of the population OF our
country arc directly concerned in the promotion OF
the interests of agriculture, and indeed the success
of every other interest is intimately connected with
the prosperity Of this one IT is not little rcmarka
BILE that tto attention should have been paid to
this subject of controlling importance, by those
trusted with the administration of our national and
State affairs. Public attention is now beginning to
be awakened to the propriety of some suitable ac-
ton by Government in relation TO this matter. Our
worthy and excellent President, Mr.. Fillmore,
who has exhibited a patriotism bounded by no sec
tional lines, and craftsmanship which grasps evc-
ry interest of country, thus brought this matter to
the attention Of Congress, in his message, at the
opening of the session:
% More than three fourths Of our population are
engaged in the cultivation of the soil. The COM
ncrcial, manufacturing, and navigating interests,
are all, to a great extent, dependent on tho agri-
cultural II is, therefore. the most important in
terest of the nation, and has just claim to the ios-
tering care and protection of the Government, so
far as they can be extended consistently with the
provisions Of the Constitution. As this cannot be
done by the ordinary modes of legislation, re-
spcctfully recommend the establishment Of an Ag-
ricultural Bureau, to be charged with the duty of
giving to this leading branch Of American industry
tho encouragement which il so well deserves
'sIn viow OF the immense mineral resources Of our
country, provision should also be made for the en-
poyment Of competent mneralogist and chemist,
who should be required, under the direction of the
head of the bureau, to collect specimens of the
rious minerals Of our country and to ascertain, by
careful analysis their respective elements and pro-
pcrics, and their adaptation 10 useful purposes He
should aso be required to examine and report upon
the qualities Of different soils, and tho manurcs best
calculated 10 improve their productiveness. BY
publishing the results Of such experiments, with
suitable explanations and by the collection and dis
ibuton Of rare seeds and plants with instructions
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10
PRINTERS, AND BINDERS

VXTAREHOUSE, Nos % and 81 Gold st.-Man-
w ufactory, corner Of Broome and Shcrifsts.,
New York.
!. The subscribers offer for sale, of their ownman-
ufacture, their improved pafent Single and Double
Cylinder Printing Presses, for newspaper and book
work; Card Printing Machines, Proof Presses,
Hydraulic Presses, with drought iron Cylinders
Gcercd and other Standing Presses; also, Lithoss
graphic and Copperplate Presses, Binders mate;
rials, &c. &C.; Chases, Cases, Gallcys Furniture,
Stands, Imposing Stones, &c. Sc, constantly on
hand, and every article necessary for complete
Printing Office, including Type and Ink, furnished
on the most favorable terms. Printers, publishers
and othcrs, wishing to establish Newspaper,
Book or Job Office, will be furnished with esti-
mate for thesamc, in detail, if desired. Machinery
made to order drawings. Iron and Brass Casf
ings to order. They also manufacture superior
cast-stcel mill, pit, cross-cut circular and other
Saws, a supply Of which they keep constantly on
hand. *. HOE co.
N. b. Proprietors ofncwspapers who will insert
the advertisement three times and send us num-
Der of their paper containing it, Will be entitled 60
payment on purchasing Of us fo''r times the
amount Of .heir bill Jan. 26-u
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10
pLANNETT.s BITrERs

CREATE a healthy action throughout the body,
~ restore the appetite. equalize the circulation,
give tone and energy to the system, and create q
power of resistance TO disease in all its FORMS rarely
to be obtained. They will perform speedy and
permanent cure Of Dispepsio, indigestion, Flatu-
Lncy, General Debility, Licer Complaint. and althe
train OF symptoms commonly called Nervous AZ.
fections.
HEADACHE
will be Immediately relieved by the use Of this in
valuable compound, which is purely vegetable, and
is adapted TO all ages and conditions.
FEMALES
will find in this delicate and pnlatable preparation
a combination of Tonic, AIferGtipe, and Aperienf
qualities, peculiarly adapted 20 their systems.
The specific action that this article has on the
Liuer and Digsstipe Organs, renders il q complete
antidote for Feuer and Ague, and Bilious and Ty-
phus Fevcrs.
WATEayrLLE, July 81, 1850.
Dean SIN: Having beon afflicted with Chronic
Diarrhga during the Latter part Of the time was
in business at the South, and wns obliged to leave
on that account, came North, hoping change Of
air would restore me; butI grew gradually weaker
and weaker, until was confined to my bed, or
nearly co.. My father, a visit 10 the city Of New
York, saw your advertisement Of Btters and pur-
chased bottle, which took, and from which ex
perienced relief. have continued TO take it, and
am now well. You need have fear Of recon-
mcnding yourpreparation for the cure ofthis COM
Very respectfully, yours, sc.
(Signed) ADAM C. LOWBIE,
Distributing Agents,
WILLIAM T. HICKS & CO.,
149 and ISL Front street, New York.
And for sale by X. s. Patterson and Y. d. and
w. II. GILLMAN. April l6-ly-( Nov 2S)
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10
WASHINGTON: MONDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 10. 1851
J FIRE PROOF CHESTS, Tor hooks,

1Au FIRE PROOF CHESTS, Tor BOOKS,
PAPERS, JEWELRY, &c.-EvANS &
IL WATSON, No. s3 Dock street, opposite
the Philadelphia Exchange. Patent Soap
stone Lined and Keyhole Cover SALAMANDERS
Fire and Thief Proof IRON CHESTS, warranted to
stand more heat than any other Chests in the coun-
try. Also, Patent Air Chamber IRON CHESTS;
100 now in They also continue to make the
ordinary Fire Proofs at very low prices. .
We, the undersigned, were present, on the llth
day of September, when Messrs. Evans Watson
tested one of their Salamander Fire Proof Chests, at
which time they consumed five cords of wood over it,
commencing at 9 A. nj. and continuing until p
NJ, making five hours intense heat, amounting to
white heat. The Chest remained in the fire until
the next morning, when it was opened in our pre-
sence, and all the books and papers were taken out
having been preserved entire. The above. named
Chest. together with the books and papers, may be
examined by calling at the store of Evans & Wat
son, S3 Dock street.
THOS. HANSELL. 18th street above Arch
SAMUEL l.. DAVIS. Ill N. Sd street.
Mesrs. Euans g. Watson.
GENTLEMEN: Having been present when the con-
tents Of the chest alluded to in the above certificate
were exposed to view, Itako pleasure in adding my
testimony the perfect security of the papers. No
mark Of fire was apparent on any Of them Epp,cu
pHIlaDEIralA, Sept. ls, 1885,
BALrImoRE, June IS, lS49
Msssrs. Epans 8. Watson, PhiladeIehia.
GENTLEMEN: We have much pleasure in recon-
mending your Fireproof Chests TO the notice of the
public, the one we purchased from you having
saved our books and contents effcctually aftcrun-
dergoing very severe heat during the fire u ch
destroyed the entire block Of buildings Arch
street wharf, on the Schuylkil on the 9th of June
i'''' '0u's' very ''spist1sEsLi RUSSELL s GILL1Ns.
Cast and Wrought Iron Houses, of all sizes and
patterns, made to order.
Seal and Letter Copying Presses, Pirc- proof
Doors for Banks and Stores, Patent Slate lined Re-
fgerators, warranted superior to all others, Water
Filters. Nov 30-d6m
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10

Assuming the population of the United States as
twenty-five millions, and that each person con-
sumes half pound per week, the annual eonsump-
ton will be five hundred and seventy two millions
Of pounds; which, at fourteen cents pound, are
worth upwards Of eighty millions Of dollars The
average produce, per COW, Of butter, has been cst
mated at ono hundred and sxty eight pounds per
annum therefore, ,405 900 cows would be required
to produce that amount Of butter
Though butter is not profitable product in the
vicinity Of cities and large populations, where milk
dered much more lucrative By more perfect
preparation, that it's sweetness may be long pre-
served after transportation. Such butter may be
always sold with no trouble at fair prices. But the
great majority of the article brought to market is
good for little when first made, or becomes soon
rancid, and consequently of much inferior value.
from negligence in curing.
The operation of making butter is more delicate
than is commonly supposed. The churning re-
quires pure atmosphere; any taint on which will
be to iniure the butter for immediate use,
and it will not keep long The utmost cleanliness.
therefore, should be observed i'll every part of the
process. ave have already remarkedthat the curd
should be pressed completely out; now observe
that only the purest rock salt should be used Kegs
made to contain twenty or twenty five pounds of
commended to pack the butter in. Before using
thcm the kegs should be scalded and saturated with
strong pickle of rock salt. Kegs of butter thus
prepared and headed up are to be packed in tierces
Of convenient size, also to be made Of white oak,
we'll hooped. Fill these tierccs with strong pickle
Of the same Sort and they ready for transporta
ton. Butter thus put up here, we understand, has
been opened in California sweet as when il left
our shorcs.--Netcark Daily Advertiser.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10
TyROM LONDON.-THE LOGIC OF POLITI-
IN CAL ECQNQNIX R,x De Qnincxx l vol

LyROM LONDON.-THE LOGIC OF POLITE
II CAL ECONOMY. BY De Quincy. vol.
Past and Present Delusions in Political Economy
By Alexander Gibbon. vol. Edinburg. 1850.
Lawson's History of Banking in Great Britain
vol. 1850.
Facts in Figures; a Quarterly Digest Of Stats
tics with Practical Deductions. Two numbers
London. 1850.
Tate's Modern Cambist; Manual of Foreign
Exchanges, Bills Of Exchange, Bullion, Weights,
Measures, &c. 9th edition. vol. 1850.
Spackman's Analysis of the Occupations Of the
People. vol.
McCuloch's Principles of Political Economy.
vol. 4th edition. 1870.
Supplement to McCulloch's Commercial Die
tionary. vol. 1850.
The Sophisms of Free Trade and Popular Politi-
cal Economy. vol. 1850
McGregor's Commercial Statistics Of all Ma
tions. 9th vol. 1850.
Croy's Life of Burke; Francis's History of the
Bank Of England; Banfield and Yields Statistical
Companions; Sismondi's Essays on Political Econo-
my-and many other works, new and old, on the
various branches of Political Science
Just imported direct from London, by
Jan 25 FRANCK TAYLOR.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10

as to the best system of cultivation. much may bt
done to promote this great national interest"
No etep has been taken to meet the recommends
ton Of the President in this behalf, and nothing
will Of course be done at the present session. but the
importance of this recommendation, in its bearing
upon so weighty an interest, will not permit it to
be entirely overlooked.
But it is to State rather than National legislation
that we are to look for the largest results in the
promotion Of this object. Some Of the States have
already taken the matter in hand, and others are
beginning to move in it, in the establishment OF
State Boards Of Agriculture charged with the duty
Of employing all suitable means for the improve
mcnt of agricultural science, and its application
to the development of State resources II we would
not be left far behind in this matter. some early
and decisive step must be taken to secure the ad-
vantages Of which other States avaiing them
selves. We commend this whole subject to the
consideration of those more Immediately con-
cerned, assured that any effort they may make,
with view to advance this great interest, will be
seconded by other classes of citizens, who arc
moro remotely to be benefited in its promotion.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10

The Richmond Enquirer contains the following
detailed notice of the experiment made on Satur-
day last at Richmond OF the invention to overcome
high grades railroads. II seems to have proved
completely successful and, if it be brought into
ordinary use, will be Of immense value:
JAMES s. FRRNcH's EXPERIMENTAL RAILWAY
Last winter the Legislature appropriated 1000
to test the invention Of MIR. French for ascending
high grades on railroads. MIR. F. has expended a
large sum in arranging a locomotive and car for
the purpose, and for laying down railway on the
opposite side Of the river, mile above Richmond.
II starts from the Danvie railroad, near the Spring
Hill factory, in valley just above the Haunted
House," and runs up hills and over streams in a
direction perpendicular to the river. The expert
mcnts with the railway very interesting,
though, account of some accident to the steam
boxes of the locomotive, they were not as full as
desirable.
For the ascending and descending of undulating
surfaces il seems clear to us that no better method
can possibly be found, combining as it does many
requisite qualifications, viz: despatch IN the con-
struction of roads, greater chcapness and certainty
OF travelling; as, by this method, the road is neither
alice ted by frost, ice, or even grease isei or the
latter has been tried) On this railway the road as
constructed by Mr. French is more than third Of a
mile in length, on grade OF 200 feet to the mile.
The ends of the sills cut oil square with the
string pieces; the rail, six inches wide and three
ourths of an inch thick, is placed upon tho string
pieces, and extends outwards two and halfinches.
thus aflordipg under surface, against which n
pair of rollers (hs simple principle of the whole in
vention) are pressed. These rollers wheels are
suspended from the engine, a-ittle in advance OF
the driving wheels, and are pressed against the
tended rail by a lever. by tho regulation of which
any amount of adhesion may be obtained. This
mechanical adhesion has the advantage of being
graduated to circumstances, for, on running on a
level but little adhesion is required and reach
ing any inclined surface, it is put on in quantity
requisite for ascending, and no more. Thus are
avoided the effects Of weight in great measure;
whereas, on the ordinary principle, much dead
weight is put on, only TO be made use OF at certain
points, and destroying the road on every passage
over it. The engine used for the experiment is only
three and half tons, and was built by Messrs.
Hogg and Delamatar, of Now York, under the su-
perintcndence of Capt. John Errickson, gentle
man well known for his great mechanical talents.
Up this grade of two hundred feet this little engine
drew passenger car, hlled with about one hun
drcd passengers at n velocity Of perhaps ten miles
an hour On descending, both engine and car
perfectly under control, capable OF being stopped at
any moment in a space of ten feet. and this while
depending by steam power and the force Of grav-
ity combined. The experiments havs clearly indi.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10
MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE AND FIRE IN
sURANCE COMPANY OF LOUISIANA.

MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE AND FIRE IN.
SURANCE COMPANY OF LOUISIANA.
| DIVIDEND OF 25 PER CENT. ON II MONTHS BUSINESS.
Business Of the Company confined to Life
Insurance only.
Permanent Fund by Act or Incorporation, n,
100000.
Office No. IS Camp Street, bettDeen Gruvier aud Com
| mon streets, Neto Orleans.
This permanent fund to be invested as per char
ter for the benefit of the policy holders, in bonds
| and mortgages on unncumbered real cstatevalued
double the amount loaned thereon, and in stocks
OF the State and of the United States government.
This company, being organized solely for the
protection Of the policy holders and their families
against want and poverty, is in its operations a
great national benevolent institution, conducted
upon the most secure and solid principles, and af
fording, for small annual sum, paid during life,
large and handsome legacy to widows and chill
dren after death.
All policy holders, whether for life or shorter
terms who continue the insurance till death, par
ticpatc in the whole of the profits Of the company.
Creditors insure the lives of debtors.
married woman can effect insurance on the life Of
her husband for the sole benefit and use OF herself
and children, free from the claims of creditors.
TRUSTEES.
John Hagan Samuel Stewart
Peter Conrcy, jr. Henry s. Buckner
Robert j. Ward John s. Allison :.
Isaac Johnson VIM. +. Lcverich
Joseph Walker Edward Sparrow
Maunsel White
Y, To-,
DIREcToRs.
Joseph W Stanton Geo. w Smith
John l.. Lewis Junius Bebee
N. C. Hall NJ nj. Cohen
John l.. SafIarans Edw. Jcnner Cox
f. w. Sewcll A. Van Bibbcr
Cornelius Felowes William ii. White
J. Morgan Hall Thco. II. McCaleb
T.. III. Barton II. M. Norman
Andrew Carr &. e. Snethen.
JOHN HAoAN, President of the Company.
Epw. JESsER COKE, Vice President.
A.. J. WEpDEnBuRN, M. ID. Medical Board OF
THOMAS HuNT, M. ID. : Consultation.
II. G. HEARrr, Actuary.
f. l.. GooLp, Attorney.
RICHARD BxIs, M. d., No. 27l Magazine street,
Medical Examiner who will be at the office daily
from l2i to 2oclock, pm.
BY the Charter only $4,000 is taken on single
life.
0y- This Company is prepared to entertain ap-
plications for Life Insurance. and issue Policies on
all sound and healthy White persons and Negroes,
at the Table Of Rates established by the Board,
which are lcss than the rates charged by the New.
York and London Offices, and without their restric-
tons as to residence in the South. BY the charter
Dividendes of Profits are declared annually, and
the profits draw interest and can be made availa-
bic at once TO the extent of two thirds Of their
amount, where the party has paid his premiums in
full.
0z- California Permits at New York and London
Rates Prospectus Table of Rates, and all infor-
nation as to Life Insurance, and all papers neces
sary TO effect Insurance can be had at the office Of
the Company.
Ou- Extensive Traveliug Privilegesare allowed.
Or Office hours, 3 a. IN. 10 p. m
August a-ly
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10
Agricultural Gsology-No. III.

BY JOSIAH HoLBRooK
Rocks are the oxydes Of metals Slick, the most
is the oxydc Of silicium. This oxyde constitutes
nearly Of the solid matter Of globe. II
Is the principal element Of quartz, in all its yarie-
ties, which are exceedingly numerous, and some
raj found everywhere. Sand is pulverized quartz.
Pebbles fragments Of quartz, rounded by attri-
tion. Gunfiint is quartz, breaking with aconchoi-
dal (shell-like) fracture. Jasper is red quartz,
with a flne compact texture Amethyst is purple
quartz, frequently found in x-sided crystals,
which is the shape of quartz crystals in its
different varieties. Agate ia clouded quartz, in
numerous varieties, come of which are much used
for watch seals, finger rings breastpins and other
ornaments. Carnelian is quartz of a fpc texture
and of yellowish red color. Chalcedony, blood
stone catseye, and many other gems, are varieties
ofquartz.
Most, perhaps all the gems used in the breast
plate of Aaron the high priest quartz Of differ
ent textures colors. and hes. The precious stones
presented by the Queen Of Sheba to the King OF
Israel were probably quartz. The stones men
streets Of the New Jerusalem, with all the gems
referred to, but varieties of the stones used
for paving our Streets and of the earth moved to
the plough and the hoe of the farmer, and Of the
dirt carted for filling our docks.
The colorng matter giving most of the beauti-
ful hues to gems, and endless variety of colorf
to quartz, is the oxyde of iron The oxyde of sill
cium and the oxyde Of iron are hence united in
| Next to quartz, feldspar, or clay formed by the
decomposition of feldspar, is the most abundant
element of soils This, too is composed Of several
oxydes of metals in chemical combination. Field
spar is also very extensively unite with quartzin the
formation ofrocks, Thy chemicalcombination, but
mechanical mixture. The feldspar and the quartz
| can beseparatedby theh hammer Notso with theoxy-
gen and silicium, forming silex. Chemical agency
| alone can separate chemical combinations Such
combinations in rocks, Soils and other mineral bo-
dies. are exceedingly numerous, complicated, and
| delicate. The most common stone that meets the
| eye in any part Of the world is composed Of two
Ioxydes. The oxygen and the metals are each uni
ted by chemical affinity, and then the two oxydes
are again combined by the same agency to form q
"connmon stons," evidently worthy of more respect
| than it commonly receives.
An experiment: Pour upon little pcarlash in
a tumbler some strong vinegar An efTervcscence
| will follow, producing carbonic acid. A burning
| candlesimmersed will be extinguished, showing
that carbonic acid is fatal to combustion. II is
equally 80 to life.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10

National Loan Fund Life Assurance Society
Is CORNHILL, LONDON, AND II WALL
STREET. NEW YORK.

National Loan Fund Life Assurance Society
Is CORNHILL, LONDON, AND II WALL
STREET, NEW YORK.
CAPITAL, E500,000 sterling, or $2,500, ,000
u (Empo,cered by Act of Parliament,) I'd Vic.-
Royal Assent, 9th July, 1888. "a Savings Bank
rthe Widow and the Orphan" T. Lamic Muir
ray, George street, Hanover Square, ChGirmGnef
the Court Of Directors, London.
UNITED STATES BOARD OF LOCAL DInEcroRs.
New YoRK.-C. Edward Habcht, Ctairman /;
John S. Palmer, James Boorman, George Barclay,
Samuel S. Rowland, Samuel M. Fox, William Van
Hook, Aquila G. Stout, Tanning C. Tucker, Bache
McEvcrs
PnILApELpHrA.-Clem c. Biddle, George r.
Graham, w. Peter, (H. b. M Consul,) Louis A.
Cooley, William Jones.
BALTIMORE Jonathan Meredith, John McTavish,
(H. B. M. Consult Donald McIlvain, Samuel Hof-
man, Henry Tiffany, DR.: J. H. McCulloch.
BosroN.-George nj. Thatcher, Israel whitney,
franklin Dexter, Benjamin Seaver, Elijah d. Brig
+. ham, E. A. Grattan, III. b. M Consul.)
J. LEANDER STARR, General agent.
EDWARD I. RIoHARpsos, GenTaI Accountant
for the United States md b. ~. Il. Colonies.
Pamphlets containing therates of premium, pros
pcctus, examples, names of Agents, medical exam
iners, &C., be had free of charge application
at71 Wall street, and of agents.
Part of the capital permanently invested in the
United States in the names of three of the local di
rectors strustecsavailable always to the assured
in of disputed claims (should any such arise)
or otherwise.
Thirty days are allowed, after each payment OF
Premium becomes due, without forfeiture of policy.
The United States Local Board meet every We'd
hesday, at their Office in Wall street, where all
business connected with the Society operationsin
America is misunderstanding thereby every
possible advantage Of promptness and attention to
parties in cases ofleaye to travel, loans settlement
&c.
Medical examiners attend daily, at O'Clock, p,
m, at II Wall street, and at the Office ofthe diff
ferent Local Boards and Agencies.
Accommodations to be addressedto
J. LEANDER STARR, General agent
for the United States and for b. ". H. Colonies
June %
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1851-02-10

INROM LONDON.-Rochefoucau Maxims,
I new translation. London. 1850. vol.
Chambers on Corpulence. vol. London. 1850.
Past and Present Delusions in Political Eceno-
my. London. 1850.
Chess and Chess players. By George Walker.
London. 1850.
Lawson's History Of Banking. London. 1850.
The Hunting Field. BY Harry Hieovcr. Lon
don. 1850.
Common Sense persus Common Law. By w.
Massey, Barrister. London. 1850.
Gibbons Decline and Fall. 2 vols. Very nu-
mcrous Maps and Engravings. London. 1850.
Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial
Words, Obsolete Phrases. Proverbs, Ancient Gus
toms, &C., &c. 2 vols. London. 1850.
And many others, just opened, direct from Lon
don. FRANCK TAYLOR.
Jan Is