The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-12-16

Broadway, by DR.. Raphal, late Of Birmingham,
England, which was very respectfully attended.
The Doctor began by bestowing high eulegium
upon Louis Kossuth, whose eloquence, alone, could
DO justice 70 his countrys cause, and therefore, he
should limit his remarks to brief description Of
the country, its manners and people. In his youth
he had visited the land of the Magyar, and the ad-
mration which he then felt for its people was not
snce lessened to behold them, without support, but
vet undaunted, endeavoring to defend their rights
against the despots of Europe He felt the greater
interest In that glorious struggle, because ne knew
that in their fall central Europe, and the born
freedom OF Germany, were both IN danger. he
saw that the time was come when the league Of
sespots must be, and could be, easily checked, and,
accordingly, at the invitation Of the people of Biz
ling ham, assisted at meeting held in that place,
on August IL, 1919. where he seconded resolu-
ton OF Mr.. Schofeld's, . member of the British
parliament, expressing their sympathy with the
people of Hungary in that struggle for free
dom. II the struggle could have been prolonged
for 0ue month longer, the British government
must have nterfered to protect its people az anst
Russian aggression; but treason hastened the fall
of Hungary, and all that they could do-as Lord
Paimerston confessed-was to throw the shield Of
protection over kossuth. So that, humble an ndivi
dual as he was, he had assisted, however insignih-
cant it might be, in rescujng one Of the greatest
men Of the age from Austrian vengeance and the
taIbarism OF Russia (Applause) But Hunga-
rian matters had been SO much misrepresented, and
such ignorance had been manifested with regard to
its people and country that he had been prevailed
upon to deliver the present lecture, and to place
before the public q true account Of Hungary.
GEOGRAPHY OF THE COUNTRY.
Hungary was situated between the fortyfourth
and ffieth degree Of north latitude and contained
eco square miles; Prussia being less than it py
ls,G00 square miles, and Great Britain less by near
" 5000 square miles The climate reese bled that
Of the north of Italy and the south OF Germany
IN figure il consisted of an oval level enclosed by
in psiAa haze
there was q small tract of sea coast. The noun
tairs that surrounded it were the Carpathian aud
Alps. the former Of which are in a sem-,ircle
TsSaris s5S Wsasbs 0T slAna
were 5000 feet high, and formed Eve terraces:
The 6rst terrace, 1900 feet above the level
Of the sea, was very fertile in grain, SC.
in oak. besch, SC. The other terraces had no lem
ger the same advantages, but consisted of naked,
rocky piles Of granite, while the highest range
called, in hungarian, tartra-the hideous IL was,
however, singular, that while the Alps, at tn,
height of eight thousand feet, we're covered with
perpetual snow, the lofty peaks OF the Carpathians
had none, which he attributed to the warm winds
which blow across them from the fertile plains be-
low. Hungary was divided into two parts, the
West and the East, which were separated by the
Danube, the largest liver in Europe traversing the
phole country until it entered Turkey at Belgrade.
After receiving the waters Of the Thesis, the brave
and the Save, this river became deep that naval
engagements had often been fought on its waters,
by the Turks and Hungarians, between Buda and
Belgrade This river was to Hungary the great
means Of nlaAd navigation, the other rivers, which
are tributary to it, only serving feeders for its
commerce. Through Germany its banks were
very picturesque, and the river studded with nu-
nerous islands. Not SO in Hungary; but, to make
amends, 1t flowed by large cities, such as Buda,
Presburg, &c, or by ancient fortresses, as at Co
morn, Peterwarden, sc. The Danube was the
northern boundary Of the Roman empire, and on its
banks numerous battles were fought, to keep Ger
1t was one of the bosns that Providence had
bestowed upon Hungary, to have given to it
this fine river, that flowed through so fertile valley
Hungary abounded in corn, wine, wheat, SO. The
Iokay VINE was celebrated every where for its rich
sess and healthfu properties, and the country for
vineyards was only second to France. The first
vines were planted in Hungary 900 years ago, by
the Emperor Probus, and II was a fact that the in
man cclonists who had been settled there for the
purpose Of cultivating the vine. Hungary was also
rich IN tobacco 7OO,Osc cwts. we're annually ex-
ported, and l. was preferred to any other it also
produced fax, melons, peaches, plembs, &c. The
cherries were so large that the eroverb Of taking
two bites to cherry WAS here actually verified. II
also abb unded in wild horses. and the horse herds,
called Chicos, resembled the horsemen of the
Panpas OF south Amerlcs, being armed like them
with lasso. Several thous ~ ds fought in the late
war, armed with these instruments alone. which
were found ss formidable against men as against
animals. Ofoxen, 10000 were snnuxiy sent to
nualy exported twenty million lbs. Of wool were
exported to England, Of the description known o.
Saxony or Electoral wool. There we're mined in
lsa5, Of geld, 10000 ounces; of SILVER, 10000
ounces Copper, iron, and lead were found in abun-
dance, as also alum, sulphur, salt, and precious
stones gold dust was also found In tie sands Of the
Danube, when washed.
Hungary had suffered much frow the invasions of
Genghis hhan, who converted tie whole country
INTO viIde rnes destroying towns and villages, 90
that when the Isrtsns less, Hungary was alnest
obBgee 70 COLOMBO his dominions after the Mon
gol invasion. For three hundred years IL was the
battle 6ed of the Christians and Mahometans, who
situated where the Thesis flows into the Danube, is
stu perfect blank, without village or habitaton,
caused first by Turkish ravaTss and afterwards by
Austrian Eisrule. This was the first cause Of its
siowness Of Improvement In civilization; the second
was the want Of coast and the third system attic
misgovernnent by Austria, In rendering IL sukser-
Went TO the prosperity Of Austria proper. IL
would be too prolix to enter infinitely into the
statistics Of the country, which were given 70 q
more full 81 sent by DR.. Raphsll sni interested the
into Masysfs, sclavss, and others, the former
and the other natives 70 go 800 making up togs,
ther a., 100000, which would allow 10 70 square
mile, mail proportion when the fertility Of the
country IL taken into account OF Its history, aao,
our space viii not allow US 70 say much more. The
mott interesting portion of the lecturers account
wss about Mana Theresa, who, when driven from
her Austrian do minions, took refuge in Hungary,
and, With her child in her arms, appeared before
The Hungsrian Diet, and appealed to their
,hivalry. The appeal wN nobly responded
10, and in one month Maria Theresa
vas again Teins.ated on her throne. Her son,
Joseph II, was a rash, hot headed reformer, who
refused 10 be crowned, and the iron crown Of Ct.
stephen, al early king Of Hungary, which was re-
xsrdsd by The people with a religious veneration,
vas rsmsye4 from kuda to Vienna. On his death
bed, this king cancelled all bis reforms The lee
tures then compared the Magysrs and Sclaves
as people, and gave the preference TO the
form@, who were a generous, higgins inded
people, above those degrading scperstitions TO
which she Sclayes were addicted, who believed in
vampire, The evil eye, and trusted 20 charms and
Am ulen for protection from imaginary dangers
The HoEse Of Hapsburg, like the Coburgs, had
reached cher high position, not by their martial
abilities, but BY matrimonial alliances Count
kodolph az Hspsbtrg, poer noble. scheaed 70 be
made the Emperor OF Germany, and fxe1 kis family
m the arcb5ucby Of Austria. In the eontentions
X n