Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1851-03-19
AGRICULTURAL 3 s@HIsMTaFuss .
PROFESSOR JOHNSON ON ANIMAL roop.

This eminent author has been giving several inter-
esng and valuable lectures in Boston the past sea.
son OH the subject Of agriculture The following ex-
tracts taken from The last of the seres and con-
tain many valuable hints and suggestions which it
would be well for all readers engaged In Keeping
stock, 10 ponder upon:
"Man more than other animals, lives upon the seed
Of plants for this contains more starch, gluten and
oil than any other parts, but less mineral matter
The former exists in different proportions in various
kinds of plants, fact which ahorld be kept in mind
in determining The kind Of food 10 be given TO differ
en animals (FIere table of the different grains and
vegetable productions were exhibited)
"FIay and grain contain fifteen parts OF water and
vegetables great amount Starch is found principal
| ly in the seed Of plants Gluten is commonly found
in one hundred parts Of the various vegetable pro-
ductions in the following proportions; in wheat from
ten to nineteen, in Indian corn twelve, IN buck-west
ten, in rice seven in beans and peas twenty-fonr, in
pea-s!raw twelve.
"Bul 10 decide with any degree OF accuracy on
what all animal should feed, il s necessary TO an
yzs the flesh of the animal the vegetable pro.
ducts OH which il 10 TO feed. An animal consists of
fat, lean and bone. Wash the blood out Of piece
of meat and substance, like gluten, remains called
ebrine. Oil in plants makes fat in animals and lu-
brcaes The paris of their bodies mineral substances
as phosphate Of lime, from the bones; SO that in The
animal are found substances on which il feeds.
"There is but one apparent, though not real excep-
ton 10 this remark Starch which exists IN the 1000
of animals, is not found in their flesh and bones
Now if we burn the starch which exists in the iood
of animals it resolves itself into water and carbonc
acid gas When their food is received into The s'om'
ach the starch passes into the system OF the lungs,
where by respraon il is converted into carbon'c ac-
id gas and water, and rejected by the breath but in
the process of its reduction to these ingredients heat,
vital heat is evolved.
"If we desire 10 increase the growth of muscle in
an animal, we must feed him with peas, beans. Sc,
which contain large quantity Of gluten that forms
muscle if we must feed him with corn. oats, barley,
Sc, which contain large quantity Of oil, that makes
fat but if we would promote the growth OF both fat
and MUSCLE we must feed them with oil cake, which
in one hundred parts contains from twenty TO thiry
parts of oil and gluten. Hence skul care OF cat
tie requires knowledge not only Of their ingedIsnts,
but a so of,heir various kinds oflood. Such knowl-
edge will enable the farmer TO adop: his care of his
calls 10 The particular use which he desires 10 make
them.
"Other circumstances also effect their food and
productveness. Young cattle require more 1000
than those which are full grown because they have
to supply not only the natural waste: but also inc
substance which promotes their growth. Animals
those which are kept comfortably warm; those that
work more than those that remain quiet; and those
ha. are KEEP, in strong light, than such as have
but little light"
If we would feed cows 10 obtain from them large
quantities of milk must give them food that con-
ains much water, as pumpkins, potatoes, and escll.
lent roots; If so as 10 obtain the least quantity OF
milk, an article almost equal to cream we must iced
them with oily substances as oats, barley, corn meal,
&c.. or so as 10 make them paoduce rich curd for
cheese, we must give them peas, beans. sc, which
contain much gluten, or still better, cabbage which
contains 35 pounds in one hundred Of gluten. Hence
the COW cabbage is valuable fodder in cheese ma
king districts.
TRANspLANTING SHRUBs.-ln transplanting shrubs,
as we'll as very small trees, common error IS to
place them too deep in hc earth. This has arisen
from the fact that, by receiving more moisture they
often secure best in the first summer. al the expense,
however, of their subsequent healthy growth. tis
much better to plant shallow, lmparng the necessa-
ry moisture by means Of deep, mellow soil beneath,
and by mulching above. The material of the latter
may be short litter manure, moss spent tan inverted
turf or leaves and leaf mould. raised surface, con'
ss,iug of these materials to the height of six inches,
will occasion no injury whatever, for yesr or TWO,
and admirably equalize the moisture OF the SOIL
only in preserving the MOISTURE but increasing Tho
fertility by the liquid carried down in solu-
ton BY rains, especially if applied in autumn or win
ter. The contrast between the hard and baked sur
face, loo often witnessed when the ground is le bare,
and the moist and softehsd earth between coat OF
manure or litter, can be only sufficiently understood
by actual experiment Its advantages were striking
ly exemplifed year or two since in planting out
bed of strawberries in the middle Of an excessive dry
summer. The roots, after being fixed by water in
transplanting were protected from drouh by coat
of manure three inches thick, and, although they
were walered but once no: plant perlshed
Stalking may be in some instances, necessary to
prevent swayng by the wind, or one-sIded CROWN,
where there are imperfect or unequal roofs But u
sualy if the shrub is furnished with good roots, and
if care is taken while the earth is shovslled IN, 10
snread them all out like the arms OF an umbrella.
thew will serve 10 brace it evenly, and prevent one.
side growth. Fixing by water, as it is ermed,is OF
Ten sufficient alone 10 preclude the necessity OF STA
king Il is most conveniently done by three persons
one spreading out the root with his fingers, Sc
cond sitting in The earth, while the third settles Is oy
nouriug water from the nose Of watering pot. Al.
though soft at FIRST, the soil in few hours dries and
bardens sufficiently to hold firmly The newly set
roots. An additional stiffening if needed, may os
given by encircng the stem with small, temporary
mound Of earth. -
in transplantng roses, and some other small
shrubs, suficen. pruning Of The top IS rarely gwen.
Climbing roses, and those gensraiiy:wnlcn 'hrow up
rapid and vigorous shoots, will make oeVer grown
by autumn, by cutting down 10 lew good ouds
when Sc, out, than by leaving long portion Of stem
snd branches, which, indeed, not unfrequenty draw
60 hard upon the roots as 10 cause the death OF .
nIant On the other hand, we have seen shrubs
ransplanted in wet weather with entire success after
having grown six inches, by taking up foil roots,
and dfeaehing the soil well with water, at the same
lime very freely shortening back the shoots, and lop.
ping most of The leaves.-.al6any Ca'ticator.
How TO KEEP WORMS OUT OF DRIED FRurr.--
p, c.I oc erodinp water on the 6ve then