davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
Hamilton CITY.

THIS City beautifully situated on the west
bank OF Feather River, is surrounded nv n
country skirtcd by the Table Mountains. beng
as healthy and luxuriant as il is lovely and
productive ; is bountifully supplied with puro
water. and surrounded with excellent GRAZING
is situated rs miles above Yuba City and Marys,
vile, and is the highest point of steam nayiea-
ton.
AS central position for general depot for
the chief Gold Mining Districts, il stands un
rvalled, being within few miles of the most
productive diggings on the Feather River. and
being the starting point for the rich mines of
Butte creek, Dry creek, and West and North
Branchesof Feather River; it is also the exact
point the ronte diverge1 acroSs the plains
for Sacramento, Trinity, and Shaste Rivers.
and is ;he last ylacc where parties, bound tina
route can trocare fresh water, until proceeding
distance Of ~ miles. These are adyantaees
o. no ordinary character, and such as no other
destiny.
1t Is also of vital Importance to it's citizens
that Hanil ton is the first point where emigrants
crossing tie plains by Lawson's Route strike
the teathcr River, thus securing 10 the enter.
prlsing Merchant, radesman and Mechanic
continually increasing Consumption and
certainty for the occupation Of prone, IN
strangerswho with small capital are assirsps
oflocating themselves, but who from y liiuitea
geographical knowledge of the Country iecl i
ma tural timidity in doing so, the presef Is -,
opportunity not to be lost. glance ~ .he
general Map of tho country will at once con-
vince them of the commanding position og this
City, over all others, and certainty oe its rise
fand progressin ratio with the contin ~ IN
creasing dcyelopements of the vast trea s.sgss of
the surrounding country, and health, " hioa Is
the consideration Of the new come is na-
snredly guaranteed by the pure air and water
OF the locality, and its entire freedom Ior
marsh niasrna, ne vcr being overflowed higi,
waters. Settlers are within distance Of tyyen-
ty-five miles of splendid white pine timber.
thus having, the means Of procuring at a mode
rate rate, shingles, boards and scantiing air
building purposes. Every convenience Is sl-
ready proc lrable by strangers arriving, nj the
well provided stores now in operation u his
every domestic comfort on mo derate terms ID
attainable at the well conducted hotels already
erected. -sss -ss.ss-. ~
Hamilton city was chosen as the oonniy seat
of Butte County, at IN election held 2lst sep
tember last. The court commenced their q f.
tings here early in the present month Tho.
fact of the County Sect hoing fxed her Ely,s
the town a still greater Importance ard VINO
il will improve business generally, opens to tna
professional man newly arrived in the ca iHtry,
a favorable opportunity to settle here, and &c
become identified with the interests Of the place
with profit to himself.
Hantl'on CITY. Oct 25th. 1850.
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
Article vi:
Miscellaneous Provisions.


SEC, l. Upon the passage of all reso-
lutions and ordinances approprlatln1g
money, imposing taxes, abolishing Ii
censes, increasing or lessenlng the
amount to be paid for licenses, the ayes
and nays shall be entered on the jour
nails.
SEC. 2. A majority of all the men,
bers elected shall be necessary to pass a
resolution or ordinance, appropriating
for any purpose the sum of five hundred
dollars or upwards, or an ordinance in
any wise increasing Or diminishing the
city revenue.
SEC. 3. All resolutions and ordinances
calling for the appropriation of any sum
of money exceeding one thousand dol
lars, shall lay over for the space OF one
week, and printed in one OF the news
papers printed in the city, if there be
one. :.
SEC. A. The style of the city ordi-
nances shall be as follows The Com-
mon Council of the city of Nevada, do
ordain as follows" All ordinances shall
be published in newspaper printed In
the city, if there be one but II there
be no newspaper printed in the city,
then by posting the same in three con-
spicuous places in each ward, and by
printing the same in some newspaper
within the county.
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
Encourage Home Manufactures.

HNkoM the first arrival of emigrants, up to
n The present time, the people Of California
nave been daily imposed upon by hav ng forced
apon them, and being obliged 10 use. { for tho
want of bettcr,) articles ground up in the
states and sent on here, under the name Of
pure Ground Coffee" which in reality s
mule else than mixture of corn, peas, Sc. or
TINS stun, tons arc received weekly at this city,
ana from thence sent 10 all parts of the mi mes
Ihese articles cost the manufacturers the mer-
est trlile, and can be, consequently, sold hero
at very low prices; and owing to the little
strength they possess, great quantities are ne
cefsariy daily consumed, but giving no salts
iac-ol to tne co1snlrer. But the time has
now arrived when peopie cen have fresh and
perfectly pure article Of coffee; and the miners
may enjoy this beverage in its pure state at
very low price. by calling at the City Mills,
cor. OF Front and | street. where 10 kept con =
stantly on hand good supply of fresh ground
Cohee, Pepper and spices. Traders and mi
ners who feel inclined to purchase Of US, VIC
agree to satisfy in giving them these articles,
fresh ground, and warranted to GIVE PER-
Feet SATISFACTION, oa NO SALE.
Ho all ye traders and miners that want q
good article at n low rate, call at the City
Mills. cor OF Front and ] sts
Sacramento, April ~, 1851.
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
The Town Of KI.u,.u
ON THE KLAMATH RIVER. .
The only direct and the eau.s2

HI
an" the cheapest route
to the
klamath ana salmon River Mtn..
q As been surveyed and laid ont heinz a.
N n uated about miles from the entysnn.,
Of the river into the Pacific, in latitnde 4iS
5Y N. about $50 miles from San Francisco
and Is destined speedily TO become one of ths
most hourishlng towns in California, as is pre-
missed from the following facts, to wit: The
Klamath rlver affords safe and excellent har-
Dor at all times capable of entrance or egress "a
the heaviest shipping; is navigable for stenn,
ers from the town to the mines--distant from
50 to T5 miles. The river abounds with the
hnest OF salmon the valleys with deer and
elk, and the forests with magnificent growth
OF pine and redwood, fit for piles, spars or um-
Der; while the mines on the Klamath and its
numerous tributaries, among which are the Sal
mon, Shastc and Ross rivers-are, il is conf
dently believed, paying better than any other
minesin California, as during he past season
lney nave, averaged not less than one ounce
OF gold per day to man while multitudes of
the more INDUSTRIOUS class have made their
= and ouncs a day The climate is one Of
the hnest and most healthy that can be desir-
eu' therefore, to the merchant the miner
ana lhe capitalist, ii may be truly said thar
nere Is presented field for the investment of
iaoor ndcapital not surpassed by any other
IN Calllornla. Vessels are now running from
pan Francisco 10 the river, and line of steam
eis VIII soon be put on the route, also steam
ooat 10 ply between klamath and the mines.
for further particulars or the purchase of
iols apply to MAJ. } Nj. PEARsALL, at the stor 8
of b. +, Hastings, on street, above I'd; or
to Doctor WILLIAM IL. THOMAS, Dentist, op-
poslte Missouri Hotel on street, Sacramento
SHy, where maps of the town and river can
be seen.
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
GOLD DUST. GOLD pusT.,

H EGALIZED GOLD COIN, Eagles, Doi-
Il bic Eagles, Doubloons and Sovereigns ex-
changed for GoLp DUsr at SIXTEEN DOL
LARS per ounce, in large or small sums.
JOSEPH GRANT,
the True Delta depot, Tehama Block Cor
of Front and streets, Sacramento city
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
WATCHES, JEy.ELRY &c.

IHNHE subscriber has on hand compile to as
H. sortment of gold and silver watches, gold
pens, gold finger rings, of the latest style, man
r'to'urei 9r Gyo Calf -ni7 gold -atch and
guard chains, breast pir5, etc. etc. 81 Of whi~t
VI be oid a. the vcty lowest cash pfieta Inv
above articles aro well caleulatsd fuf pr.esnts
lSj' w alehes al0>ks, nasic boxes, Snd-o,be~
hno WorA, repaired N The best meb!--. 81 ma
shortest possible nyticc
itga;AB WAy~uHosrr
-. cor. ~ ,he afcG, oe 21
s.. 0tma ai.. i g..
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19

WA ). s. c, CQoLEnGE, General Deal.
w ers in Groceries, Provisions, v me.
Liquors, Cigars, &c. J street near 9Th.
Sacramento. April 10, 1851.
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
Article Nv.

= q! p. P'rt> itl DUTIES If Gu Of
q amt iacT Compensation.
Sec. /. 1t shall be the duty Of the
Mayor:
The Nevada journal., 1851-04-19
AN ACT

To Incorporate the City of Nevada.
The People Of the State Of Califar-
mia, represei ted IN Senate and AssemJlu
do enact as foLLotrs
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17
Age of Trees.

have frequently been astonshed at the great
age Of some of the trees in this country, espe
ciay the white oak. This tree ia a slow grow
| er, compared with other varieties On counting
the annual layer Of white oak, thirty two inch
es in diameter, il was found to be 400 years OF
age. Another which was forty. eight inches in
diameter, proved to be 600 years old which
gives bout one hundred and fifty years for every
foot Of diameter. Trees while young grow more
than this, and in old age less "a may be seen by
the layers those near the "heart," being two or
three times as thick as those towards the outer
surface. Now, there are white oaks hers tina
are six feet in diane or; such tree acct riding
to the estimate above, would be 900 years old
Venerable patriarch! twenty-seven generations
of men must have passed away since such a
tree first burst its shell, and sent forth its tiny
EN- to WOO the breczes of Heaven. Such
tree, too, would have been more than 500 years
old when Columbus discovered America Quite
sapling, deed Standing here in its prime
val, solitary grandeur, tossing its giant arms to
the breeze, and mockiag the creeping centuries
that pass in solemn review before it.
Such tire, would have $50 years of age
when the Doges ruled Venice. II would have
been a sapling of $50 years, when Gengis Khar,
the great Tartar oonqueror, laid waste nearly
rope were swarming to the Holy Land, instigr-
ted by Peter the Hermit, one OF these trees
would have been an aged oak, of 200 years
growth. | measured tie top or head of one,
which proved to be ITO feet in diameter.
While am on this subject, let me refer your
readers to a singular oak, gro wing in the town
Of Grass Lake, Jackson county, near the resi-.
dence Of s. Ray 1t had two trunks, standing
3 or Z feet apart, and at the height of alb ut 8
or 10 feet both unite and form one top. The
modus operandi Of their union can be explained
in only one way. The Indians were in the habit
of leaving kind Of heroglyphic record of their
movements by splitting a small tree, and thrust
ing another through the cleft, leaving them bent
in the direction they had gone, so that another
party coming up might know hat course to
steer IN order to Join their comrades. "An In
d an trail" passed directly by the trees, and they
also point In the direction of Detroit From
their size we are led to believe that some war
party perhaps headed by the great Tecumseh
himself, during the late war with Great Britain,
passed there, and wishing to leave a record Of
their whereabouts, placed these, then small
trees, in this position, and being undisturbed
they united There is one other such an Inv
stance In Madison county, New York, few
rods west Of the road leading from Cockvle to
Peterboro. Two sugar naples, one about ff-
teen, The other twenty inches 10 diameter stand
ing two feet apart, unite in one top. The whole
tree standing on its double support, looks strong
and healthy II. H., Jr.
CLINTON, Mich
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17

| The Baltimore American says:--The fourth
annual exhibition OF the Maryland Mechanics
Institute will open on the evening of the Goth
| INST, IN their nnw an magnificent hall, recently
erected over the site of the old centre market
| This beautiful structure is now rapidly approach
ing completion, and on Monday next the CON.
mittee ON exhibition give notice that they will be
ready to receive and designate positions for the
various articles intended for show The hall OF
the institute is 1876 feet in length, by 80 feet in
breadth, and will com 'ortably hold at least six
thousand persons, in addition to the articles on
exhbtion.-The Hon. J. p Kennedy has con
scented TO deliver the opening address, and we
have no doubt it will be an etfo we'll worthy
the literary fame of the distinguished gentle
man. The closing address is to be delivered BY
the president of the Institute. We are pleased
to learn from the last monthly report of the sec
rotary, that the institute is in most fourishing
condition, numbering at presen, full 1900 mem
bers, l3O having Joined since the last monthly
meeting.
The Maryland State Agricultural Society will
hold its annual meeting on the evening of Mon
day the Goth inst, at their hall, 1913 Blliimore
street, over the american Ollie" on Tuesday,
the 2lst the cattle show will be open to the
members of the society and the judges only !;
on "Wednesday, the 22d, to the public; on
Thursday, the 2ai, the ploughing match and
spading match takes place; on Friday the aith,
the annual ad iress, by the Hon. Daniel Web
ser, and the delivery of the premiums
These two grand exhibitions will do doubt
draw to our city a vast concourse of strangers,
not OILY from Alarylan but from the adjoining
States of Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia
North Carolina, and the District of Col I'm bia
During the exhibition, the President of the
United States, heads of dep rtments, and other
distinguished citizens of Washington, will visit
them, as will also the governor of MARYLAND.
Taken altogether the last week of the present
month will be an attractive one in Baltimore,
and we can only assure our country friends and
strangers from neghboring States who design
paying our city a visit, that true Marylan wei.
come awaits them.
Other attractions are also in proportion The
grand and subordinate divisions of the Sons of
Temperate contemplate having grand process
sion on the 2lst, and will hold their annual ses-
sion at their hall on the 22d. The annual SEES.
sion Of the Maryland Editorial Convention will
also be held on the 2lst inst.
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17

removed, but only for the purpose of its re.erec-
ton on the banks of the Thames at Battersea,
on the opposite side 10 the new Houses Of Par
lament, and about a mile higher up. A new
public park is to be formed in that locality, and
the convenient access to il by steamboats,, bridges
and roads would make it a most desirable site
for winter garden, while the peculiar features
Of the long line Of building would have an eff.
feet from the river, superior to anything now
attained The expenses of the formation of the
paik are met by parliamentary grants, and if the
crystal palace should b, removed there, vote
would doubtless be applied for by the govern
ment, TO meet al the necessary outlay. The
surplus proceeds of the Exhibit nYit is under.
stood, will certainly not be appropriated by the
commissioners for any purpo.e uncOnnected
with the objects for which they were received,
and the probability is that they " ill be funded
to promote any similar undertaking in after
years.
Intelligence has been received to-day from
Marsees that the American ste IN frigate Mis-
sissippi arrived at that port on the 20 h insant
having kossuth and 81 Hungarans on board
lt Is not yet dchnitively known whether they
are to lie expected in England on their way
to New York Their friends however seem
to anticipate that such will be the case, and
preparations have been organiad to receive
them at Squthampton Meanwhile, Austria has
again manifested her disappointment and blind
folly by causing Kossuh and many of his col
leagues to be hung in ehigy in the market place
OF Pesth. The ceremony took place on the
a3i Instant ia the presense of a large military
force.
The submarine telegraphe communication
between England and France has been estnb
llshed. but In consequence of the metallic rope
DOT having been made long enough, ITS connex-
ion with the French shore is at present CON-
pleted ny about two miles and half of tempo
rary gutta percha rope, until sufficient add.
tonal supply of the proper rope can be made
1t will therefore probably be week or fortnight
before the experiment have assume its perma-
nent shape. Even now, however, communica-
tons are transmitted in a perfect manner from
coast to coast.
Since the departure Of the Asia, the funds
have improved u half per cent and the per
cent. consols are now at 81. The grain market
has been steady at former prices,
SPECTATOR,
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17
The Next Presidency.

The New Orleans Bee says:
"Gen. ScoTT makes huge mistake if he i'm
agines, that without formal declaration of prin-
of receiving the Wing nomination for the Presi
dency, or that, if he should be the choice Of the
national convention the South would recognize
his canddature, without further and fuller infor'
nation touching his views upon several highly
important subjects"
We cannot indulge any Southern paper, OF
party, or STATE any longer in making any pledges
or promises, or threats. After the recent uni
versal political bankruptcy of the South, and ts
reputation of the most solemn pledges and res
Olutions that could be made, there is too plenti
full lack ofconfidence in paper of that kind, fol
it to pass even at heavy rate Of discount
As for requiring General ScoTT, or any other
presidential candidate, Wing or Democratic, TO
avow his principles that is too absurd to be toll
Grated in this enlightened age and in this glori-
GUS Union.
And when any Southern submission editor
talks this way, it is too obvious a mode of in
viting bid, or Of inveigling some unsophisti-
Gated country subscriber. No, General ScoTT
has only to come out and avow himself for this
glorious Union, and that will be enough. 1t is
the political abracabia 1t will even make people
think FooTE man of sense--it will make them
think the compromise honest
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17
Ohio and Pennsylvania.

The returns from Ohio are decisive of the re-
ticket. This result is due, in part to the CO.
alition of Mr.. CHASE, and his Freesoi adherents,
with the Democrats. Gov. WooD is a Wimot
Proviso man, and, in fact, a Freesoier, and so
are several of the parties on the Democratic
ticket
In Pennsylvania BIGLER is elected governor
against JOHNSTON and the main body of Free.
soilers. Governor BIGLER, however, must have
received good many Freesoil votes, as VII.
MOT himself supported him.
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17

SUrERscRIRFIoS cV LETTERs.-'n the direc-
tons TO postmasters, in tie Postal Guide, much
stress is laid upon the proper representations of
letters. 1t must be correct. First. IL must
be egible, and that it ought to include the
county, as we'll ns the State to which the letter
is directed. Packages Of letters put up in one
Office for transmission to another, should also be
supersaribed with the county of the latter office.
A postmaster 10 Texas says, in that State, the
post offices are so l&ile known out of their
immediate ncighborhood, that letters not in
scribed with the county, are frequently sent
expermentally from Office to office, until they
wear out, without reaching the office for which
they are intended. A greater attention to these
matters on the part of the writers of the letters,
ms well as postmasters, would much promote
the comfort of postmasters, and the facility and
safety of the mails
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17

The Augusta, Ga, Chronicle and Sentinel
thinks the recent victory of the submission party
In that State great thing-thinks it is perfect
deluge, and an " iced" one at that Well, we
think it is iced. The sentiment of the voters
must have teen just about at zero, and wei
adapted to high Northern latitude. But, afte
all, the vote shows falling off in the Uniou
ranks of many thousand votes. Well, it may
take us little longer than we expected to ami
hilate that majority, but we suppose it will have
to be done
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17

HISTORY OF ALCOHOL Alcohol was invented
a5O years ago, by the son OF strange woman,
HaSer, in Arabia. Ladies used il with DO WIDER
to paint themselves, that they might appear more
beautiful, and this powder was called alcohol. On
ring the reign of William and Mary, an act was
passed encouraging the ma lufacture OF spirits
soon afler, intemperalce and prohgacy prevailed
to such an extent that the retailers in intoxicating
drinks put up signs in public places informing the
people that they might get drunk for penny, and
have some straw to get sober on
In the 10th century, distilled spirits spread over
the continent of Europe. About this time it was
introduced into the colonies, as the United States
were then called. The first notice we have of its
use IN public life, was among the laborers in the
Hungarian mines, in the 18th century. In ISL,
It was used by the English soldiers as a cordial.
The alcohol in Europe was made of grapes and
sold in Italy and Spain as a medicine The Geno-
csc afterwards made it from grain and sold it as a
medicine in bottles, under the name OF the water
OF life. Until the sixteen century it had only been
kept by apothecaries as medicine. During the
reign of Henry VII, brandy was unknown in
Ireland, and soon its alarming effect induced the
government to pass law prohibiting its manu-
facture.
About 40 years ago it was used as beverage.
especially among the soldiers in the English
colonies in North America, under the preposter-
Gus notion that 1t prevented sickness and made
men fearless in the field Of battle 1t was looked
upon as sovereign specific. Such is a brief
sketch ofthe introduction of alcohol into society
as a beverage. The history If !, - ,,,-;,, :;
ne wretchedness, the tears, the groans, poverty
and murder OF thousands 1t has marched through
the land with the tread of giant, leaving the i'm
press of his footsteps in the bones, sinews, and
LIES blood Of The people.
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17

IMPORTANT TO rue UrPER Mrsm,srr Edward
hhloourn, Esq, Secretary Of the Hydraulic,
company Tor the Improvement Of the Mississipr /
hap'us' received from New York last night cory
OF the contract Just completed with Bangs Rroth.r
" Co., for the improvement of the RAPIDS bv EN-
oahhment canal, dams and locks. The immense
water power for manufacturing purposes, which
Will be developed by the completion Of this inn
provement, will draw manufacturers not only from
the East, but from Europe. In ten years tim. W.
may expect more ample concentration Of MANU-
acturng capital in this vicinity, than in any other
section OF the West Keokul Hhig Oct q 80
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17
De Bows Review for October.

This valuable periodical appears with its large
amount of interesting information.
The present number contains the following
principal articles:
/. How the South is affectee by her slave insti
tutions
9. William Writ.
3. Management Of negroes
a. Life and times of La Fitte.
8. Why New Orleans does no. advance
and number of miscellaneous articles, prinei.
pally statistic
The southern press. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1850-1852, 1851-10-17

RECEPTION or KossUTu AT BALTIMORE
preliminary meeting was held in Baltimore on
saturday to make preparations for the reception Of
ho'suih, when he visits that city. A commtte.
OF one from each was appointed to make arru nge-
ments for town meeting a similar committee to
cqlest funds to defray the necessary expenses.
and committee OF ten to arrange the proceeding
for the reception.