New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1851-12-26
KOSSUTH PAPERS.
Summary OF the Principles of the futare Pc
liticaI Organization of Hungary.

he constitution snail TX the rules &c
cordng to which the assembly proceeds the relations
hetNer the two parties anu the attributes reserved
tsch. For instance the assembly OF re oresenia-
ives shall vote the taxes, While the DECISIONS IN
cases 81 issue betseen the government and the de-
paltu euts shall be taken cocLince OF by the senate
The legislative assembly Is the organ Of tae soye
relghty the peOpe, as regards ali matters which
% lot spperteln 10 the 'uRcaMeDtal Tlga,s OF lnd
fldusl> OF tie family, OF the communes. ani OF the
cepar trt hts For these nshts are eternal and in
YOlsbe, and are The bIEIhrght Of ali poS!eriIy-
TbeTe'o all that is essential 10 the sovereignty Of
me moEtz people Is subject neither to the egtS
liure DOr 10 HE aIDluary viii OF generaN0n.
As supreme guarantee Of these fundamental
rights. high court Of justice shall De established 10
pronounce on the conSti,u,ionaly of iae lans de-
eed by the legislative assembly.
The chief OF the executive power charged with The
publication of the laws cannot proceed 10 that pub
hcatlcn before the High Court has pronounced
whether the law about to be put forth be contrary to
fundamental rights II the court decides against the
constitution alltv Of the law, the point on which
Their judgment rests muss be stated IN their decree,
and the law is de facto annullec, and shall be sent
ack without being published to the legislative as
sembly
The members of the High Court shah be APP
pointed by the senate. Tney are lrremovsble. and
should they resign, they cannot aferwGd
hold any other place subject to government sppont-
ment
needless TO state that the legls alive assembly,
rs has been said With regard 10 the commune aud
the department shall also have 10 determine the
language IN wlch the proceeding are 10 be carried
en- But the promulgatlon of laws shall take place
ID all the languages adopted by the divers communes
of the country.
Finally, as regards the government After the
limits OF It's power have been defined, and gulrsn-
tees established against abuse OF author ~, there IS
dams IN concentrating the executive power m
Inc hands OF one chief, or IN those OF tuumvirate
o. committee provided IN case one CHIEF Is chosen,
he Is elected at once by universal suffrage and IN
case a committee l. selected, that 1t should De APP
pointed by the legislative Assemby-proyided also,
a. all events that the committee be renewed peri
odlca ly, md that any citizens commune or depart
meu has the night TO arragn the chief OF the execu
tive power. before the High Court of Justice, on &C
cOu OF abuse OF power and II the High Court
fnos that the constitution has been violated he
shall be considered a fallen, and be no longer
Teengble. Ore OF the principal guarantees against
abuse OF authority by the chief Of the execu'
tive power Is this that the organs OF the civil ad-
mlI iStraiOn of the executive power are not iunc-
tionares appointed by the government, but elected
by the cOmmunes and the departments.
And IN order that there may be no doubt as to the
application OF responsibility that false principle
which says that the countersienlng OF a minister
covers The responsibility of the chief OF the eXecu
tive power. shall not be admitted in the constitution
of liuI gary, but that principle shall prevail wnich
says thai those alone are responsible tor an order
who signs II
twill be seen BY this exposition that the govern
ntIt viii have sufficient power to cause the laws 10
be executed and respected but none to hurt the con-
siiutlon. falsily Institutions, or Cypress LIBERTY.
culion the duty Of the government which viii have
sufficient power 10 see that the communes and the
dcpaItu euts ul6ll Their duties 10 the country but
none 10 moleSt them IN their municipal autonomy.
IL viii be able to perform Its duties with efficacy,
because It will rot he subject to that fatal maady
OF governing too much nothing being WITHIN us
duties bat What Is reseryei to the whole stae Ims
is what may easily be conceived by the super
position OF attributes OF the divers portions OF the
administration OF the country
For instaI ce, sregsros modes OF communication
Par sh roads are portion OF the administration OF
tue commuhes. Departmental ROADS portion OF
that OF the department, while the great arteries OF
communication belong 20 the legislature ana the
government The departments shall watch that the
communes do their duly. and the communal func.
tobaies shall be responsible the government shall
watch that the departments do their duty as well as
watch over the communes, and they shall be resoon-
sble to the government The government IN turn IS
controlled and watched by the legislature.
Asregards public instruction The primary schoois
sha be under TIE administration OF the co1imuhes
secondary schools as for Instance, gymnasiuns ana
colleges, under that OF the departments whle me
SUPERIOR schools AS academies aud universities are
unu.r the administration of the legislature and the
government
cIpaIy Of tie natiuisi guarS. livery IS.
ing certain period OF lIie called upon 70 ict IN
this capacity The law shall regulate the organzs.
ton OF the nat onal guard, and fix the renioution
for time tmployt IL daily service. The commune
shall appoint the officers and subalerns OF the Ma
tioual guard Of the commune the departments
sntli APP ONT the commandants OF the national
ga Is the several united communes as we'll as
tie departmental commandaut tho government
sra sppo ut the district com ftnddns and the com
N, n ier-lI-chie the communal authority eisposeS
OF re employ nett Of the national guard IN the com
muHe the pa tment of that IN The department. and
tn, gCvemme Mt dSpOses OF 1t for the interest OF the
y hole country, on the requsiion OF a department
Il, case lts own forces should be insufficient. All
faults excuses. OF disOtedieDce shall be punished
sccuyciIg 10 the Law and regulations, but no ma
tioI guard shan be dissolved or disarmed except I'm
case Of revolt.
The Drli cpal armed force destined TO the defense
Of the country being thus formed by the national
guard, the state viii not be oveTbdrdoned oy tho
support of o numerous standing army.
The skeletons OF corps, and necessary number for
CaITsoLIng fertresses shall alone be kept UP perna-
Gently this sInal army viii form at the same Tune
a practical military school, IN which inc youth Ot
the country mus, pass a. certain age IN order TO
PROVIDE. OF necessity, for the proper defense
Of the fasbeIlaLd-
var the COZ III gents Of each department shal be
united III battalIOns AMI regiments designated ac-
CutdIs 10 the name OF tue elyeIs departments ana
IaiiOIaliIFs. Thus there VIII be Magyar bat
TALON or Walachlan SeTVlan or siOFack Oatttsi0ns
accordipg 20 the department OF eacn Tine national
cosume shail BE- provided by eacn department. and
tie battalion vii remain IN mss ftsptcl IN constant
relation with their departments.
AL this again IL TO preserve and elevate the ma
tlcr al sentiment The honor Que 20 the bravery OF
battalion shall not be absorbed as It IS Tor instance
III ths Austrian army u VIII SHINE on the depart
negt auc on the nationality of the department. ~
e,eyaiIre the conscience and vitality OF the Tespec-
tive natlOHaillles. 80 ,
AS regaros the administration OF justice tlyll,
Tribunals and corrections Al communal pohce shail
he TONED. Civil aLc commercial departmental vi
b,llas shall also be formed fOt the admins nailon
Of penal luttice by each department. founded on the
pTncipe Of the juD. There shall be no exceptional
tri,uIals TIE departmental assembly Snall form
tie graId Jury. which VIII PRONOUNCE, II Necessary;
accGrcug TO penal procedure Besides, there VIII
be courts appeal, and court OF Cessation Rnaiy,
for complain = against pubu; functOnares, and Tor
the guarantee Of constitutional nights against the
.ucT0schu ents Of the legislature, there VIII be the
tls court Of justice.
On such supeIposiiion of sttrbutions reserved 10
tie coumuues the departments, the state, and us
hlnciionanes-on that direct partc patton Oh the
none la all the branches OF the pubic admlniSra
tyl-on this sell-goYeTBment OF the people, joined
10 tie I1Nio zbilty Of the nshis OF man, guarantees
ses,tst all tDcroachments-On these principles, L
saw would found the political organization Of my
country.
CONSIDER this organization emDeniiy democratic
IL As even more 30 GLan the political institutions OF
/ the United States o. Amenca and happily, IN the