The New York herald., 1851-10-14

nOrtn pole In an equal interval.
!hese are social and commercial phenomena lor
which it would be vain to seek parallel in the past
history Of the human race.
General Rosas OF Buenos Ayres-His System
OF Government.
Who is Rosas! What does he represent What
are his aims! His friends in America aud Europe
paint him as a genius guiding events, men. and
able to manage the Argentine republic, aud TO se-
cure its happiness His enemies, who are not few,
deny that he possesses more than Insignificant
qualities.
judgment, and We M 1st prove it by making known
the means used by him in order to obtain power,
and to secure his dictatorship His famous Anne
rican SYSTEM to which ignorant deceived writer's,
venal or servile, gave such open and unmerted
eulogy, will appear in all its repugnant nakedness,
reflected through some of his public documents,
more particularly in La Gaceta Mrcanta, of Buenos
Ayres-the eficial organ Of Rosas and his tribe Of
hungry adulator:
But we fear that our words may not be respected,
for it is impossible to believe, almost, the out
RACES the errors and the deeds of this dignitary,
who has gained in our day such gloomy celebrity
gifted with genius for evil and favored by special
circumstances to reign despotically, for twenty
years, over the PROVINCES of La Plata, and within
ten years from the famous question with France, to
occupy the marked attention of the civilized world.
Rosas is not vulgar man. On the contrary, his
iron will, his energy, and his orbearance, directed
his country; but with his habits of G1aho Mato,
his completely neglected education, his unheard Of
cruelties, he is the only living incarnation Of the
tIoerade princpe-stationary and sterile regards
the colonial cause-strugglipg With progressive re-
generation as proclaimed by the revolution Of 1870
He is the persoDation of the will Of those men who
have been shaped by anarchy, and WAC keep South
America in an internal struggle, or in state only
to be compared with that of the most ignorant
people Of Asia. His policy is the most complete
synthesis of the hate of races-of the blind. fero.
cious, and stupid instincts of the savage, against
all that is not in the sphere OF custom and preoccu
patton. Force is set against intelligence. The
overflow Of all bad passions have been revived and
extended throughout half Of the South American
governments The ambition of rulers-the pro-
found ignorance of the masses-the shackles Of
partesthe contending interests Of every locality,
and the surrender of social ties, the character
istics Of his policy. There is not, in the public
private life Of Rosas, any fact which cannot be
satisfactorily explained by some Of these views.
The narrow limits imposed upon us, do not perni;
US fully to enter into complete analysis, and to
examine every point, with proper attention. We
ought to show the numerous errors, into which,
from day to day have fallen those who pretend to
explain political and social phen omena, by
their European ideas and theories Beyond the
Atlantic there is another moral world-a magnif-
cent field unexplored by sc:ence-araiting an intel.
ligent observer, who can disclose TO astonished
Europe the actual state Of Spanish merican socie
ty the laby rnth of it's life, the difference, the
genous elements which il contains, and what is
more than all, the fatal, inevitable march Of the
various races towards unity of faith, laws, and
babits in the middle OF the tenacious and deathfa
struggle Of ideas against bayonets, and between
civilization and liberty against barbarism and ty-
raDDy.
But let us now survey only Rio De Ia Plata. The
desperate and glorious resistance OF Montsvdeo,
which, with eight years OF siege, has herocally
resisted fatigue, hunger, and misery preterrng to
be crushed under its ruins, like SAgunto and
Numance, rather than to kneel before the oppres-
sor Of the Argentious, certainly says something,
and gives US some knowledge. The voluntary arm
ing Of thousand foreigners, Spaniards, French.
men, Italians, EnglishmeD, merchants, artists, AMI
respected and labOrious workmen, who have abd-
Gated their nationality, pre.ernng death under the
walls tf Montevideo, TO repose in Buenos Ayres,
signifies something reveals something. The
perpetual wars Of Rosas against the provinces Of the
confederation, and the neighboring states, say
sob etbing, and are examples. is it not the same
with Entire Rios as with Corrisntss, or with the
Oriental Banda, as with Paraguay, or the same with
Bolivia as with Brazil Are not the eternal discus
soDs with the European cabinets, and the continual
complaints OF the latter in favor OF their subjects,
the uuces defpised and the promises which the
traitor Gaueho violated, without shame, as soon as
the foIezn ministers turned their backs sources of
commentaries, and Of Judgment
Now, how has this man gained his position, and
what are his political advantages The son of a
distirg guitbed family. When be was about twenty
years old be escaped from his family, or was ex-
quepce OF bis wayward conduct, and Eas, for n long
time wandering IN the solitary places OF the Argen
tine republic and the Oriental banda. In that wan
dering and vsgabond life be contracted strong re-
laiiops with the Gauehos aud the Indians. familiar
ized himself with their customs and manners, and
acquired certain celebrity amongst them for his
dexterity on horseback, by bis hberality, and his
daring as a bravo. Then he was favored by ID.
Luis Dorrego, whom he declared SiUage Unitdrio,
ccnhseatirg all his property for what he owed to
him. lie did the same with ID. Vicente Msza; he
took oIe Of his country houses and established a
kind Ct military barrack for the benefit and Of
his old comranions in glory and fatigue. Such was
the basis Of his influence and pre- ponderance In the
province Of Buenos Ayrs by his intrigues he
Gauchos, OF pestants, Of his establishment, and
hanks 10 the struggles OF that epoch bis idea was
acknowledged by the authorities. This body was
called the Ctlorados del Monte, and Rosas was
NJ minated their chief
In $50 bis name appears for the first time on
the political list. In presepce of the armies Of
ButIos Ayres and Santa Fe, he engaged himself to
deliver fifty housan nd head of ca tile to the latter
tbtn impoverished and nearly annihilated by civil
war. his tfer appeared as a preten: on his part,
ard oon after by mean, of an ingenious stratagem,
he plpcked fom the government fifty thousand
duros, asked for men and horses, in order to
70 cilae the Iillsec and the trsnspor alton Of the
CATTLE and by his craft, the cattle were obtained by
his oaamiuos, and, without sacrificing himself or a
sii gle head Of cattle Of his he gained
10000 duros by this scheme, and acquired friends,
ihfutnce, and popularity in the province Of santa
Fe, one Of the most brave and martial Of the con.
fcoeIatiOn.
The frequent depredations OF the sa7ages Of
PsmIa a and Ii Chsco, gave him an occasion of pro-
posing, some time after, to the government, kind
Of tIan,actioD, which he calls pacific business (no
doubt because he was thu, able to appropriate and
levy suprlies and which was to pay to the Indians
annually tribute, in money, liquors, blankets, So
lie tidtd with the Caciques aud the government,
blinded by bis protestations, coDded to his hands
these powerful means to increase a hundred times
(.~t. IN A
At the end Of the year, Is2s, Lsyalle, chief Of a
hNhion OF the army, who, in the held with Brazil,
declared bimself against Dorrego, (brother Of u.
luis) chief Of the federal party and then governor
Ci bueIos Ayres, defeated him at Navarro, made
him usorer, and ordered bin to be Immediately
shot, Eosas, who was present at the battle, in
quality Of general commander Of the militia of the
campaign, in order TO prolong the resistance, as he
nm nrI -. H.