davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
Who is the Greatest Stakeholder.

We say Great Britain, with all her stilted
sympathy for Freedom with all her noisy
professions against selvitude. She holds
millions upon millions in Slavery. Her
slaves are of many kinds ;-lhe slaves OF
DAFT ; the slaves Of her Factories; the slaves
of her MINIS; the perishiug slaves of her
Cities: the cru shed slaves Of her Colonies;
c~rouching sisves of her Military Establish.
ment! And all ihese-her slaves-ars
white men, women, aud children. Think
of it, We who have been misled by British
professionalism.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

The Philadelphia capitalists are beginning
TO fear that the rival cities of New York and
Baltimore are preparing 10 draw off much Of
I he Pennsylvania trade. The erection of a
direct railroad from New York into North
eastern Pennsylvania tapping off the trade
Of the l.achawanna valley is now deter
mined upon TO a certainty; and on the south,
Baltimore is preparing 10 draw the business
Of the fertile and wealthy counties in the
Susquehanna valley. The coal merchants
of the Schuylkill, and the business men Of
Philadelphia are, however, getting a proper
view Of this subject, and see plainly that
they must finish the small link Of railroad
which will connect this region with Philadel-
phia. The money 10 complete the Cattawis-
ga Road must come mainly from Philadel.
phia. and the sooner the outlay is made the
better for all concerned. The work, now
partly done, from the valley of the Schuyl.
kill 10 Cat,awissa on the North Branch, when
completed and extended TO Williamspor,,
secures a railroad connection between Phil
adelphia and Elmira in the Stale of New
York, and consequently between the former
place and The New York Improvements, even
without The making of the Sudbury and
Erie or Williamsport and Erie road, hereto.
fore and still held, to be SO important and
desirable. The making of the Ca,tawissa
road will be but the forerunner of a road
from Williamsport 10 Erie, hereafter 10 be
made, when the necessary amount of CAPT.
lal can be invested in that comparatively,
gigantic work. We are pleased 10 append
the following judicious and we'll timed article
on this subject from the Philadelphia
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
The Railroad Question:
We select the following extracts from
Iettar nf n yary intelliuent ~orreSnonde

We select the following extracts from a
letter of a very intelligent correspondent
"PmLADELpHIA, May &c, 1851.
DEAR SIR The lace of Philadelphia SO
long TUNED TO the west is now gladdened
with a smile at the prospect of tt certain and
speedy completion of the Pennsylvania Gen.
trail Rail Road. She now looks TO The North
ANA ere lonS an iron arm will be stretched
out TO greet you.
decidedly prefer the Schuylkill to the susque-
hanna route, from philadelphia 10 Williams
port. Now q few words as 10 the project OF a
road up tac Susqnehanna 10 Williams
port, 10 be made by Baltimore. The mer,
chants of Philadelphia cal more than COM
pete withthose Of Bali Without a steam
marine no city can realize all the advantages
of even the most complete system oil rail
ways. Philadelphia is now establishing a
complete and permanent steam connection
with Europe. The disadvantages which
sailing vessels sometimes encounter from
bo. ad winds in the Delaware are overcome
bv s,'eam power. By mean of Ice boat
the ba, Dor Of Philadelphia is kept open
,brourho ut the winter. The distance from
PHILADELPHIA to the sea is only half the dis
lance from Baltimore TO the sea. Besides.
IL will some day be the policy and pride Of
Virginia to builL up the city of Norfolk
Baltimore can never become the rival Of
Philadelphia. The rivals OF Philadelphia
are New York aud Boston, or the North and
East, Baltimore will find rivals on hel
South Look at the han bers of Norfolk.
Charleston and S~avanuah! Take your map
and trace the lines of rail road made, and to
be made, stretching west 70 the BASIN OF Inc
Mississippi. Consider the time when eacf
OF those cities shall have steam commune
cation with Europe. II is not ~ DC suPlo'
sed thatthe southern cities will ulwa," IS remaIr
dependant on northern cities for their ST, plies
Of imported goods. Reflect q moment on
the increase Of The west in population and
resources-on the yearly increase of its
commercial transactions with the sea board,
in connection with the geographical ad.
vantages possessed by other southern cities
over Baltimore; and do you no, see in the
future an eclipse of tho glory of the mon,
umental city Philadelphia with one foot on
Lake Erie, the other on The Ohio, aud her
head on the Delaware, will hold in her
hands the trade Of the Susquehanna, aud
even if a portion be diverted for a time in
other directions, she will regain it.
Yours truly.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

THE AMERICAN CONTRIBUTORS TO THE
WoRLD's FAIR.-Mr. Riddle says in a letter
TO the National ~Intelligencer, that though the
United States have hot done the best they
could, ye, they have done well.
"Our contributions are national, charac-
terislio snd unique. They are abundant
enough 10 give some idea of our resources,
ingenious enough 10 show our skill and SUI
perior enough in qualify 10 prove our capa'
bilities. We have a better machine any
mechanic being the iudge-than stands with
in the building. We have a clearer cons
cepiion of the graceful in vehicles than
every other nation here. We are greatly
beyond even England in Agricultural i'm
plements. We can lay one sample of our
cutlery by the side of ShefIield's thousand
specimens, and carry off the palm, France
has not sent a chandelier; Norway and
Sweden have not contributed a bushel of
wheat the Indies have not furnished a bar.
rel of rice London has not displayed a
paperhanging, or chemicals, or specimens of
bookbindery, or dentists work, or hats, or
needlework or harness, that will compare
with those we display upon our counters.-
Our pianos will be unsurpassed. We have
scores of barrels of -four altogether UNI
equalled. We have carpenters tools in
abundant variety, far before other nations.
And 10 the productions of our soil, in Indian
corn and cotton, and tobacco, and all the
finest grains, we stand where we ought.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
state Conventions.

The Convention at Reading for the nomi.
nation of candidates for Governor aud Canal
Commissioner will be held ON the 4lh Of
June. William -Bigler of Clearfield county,
will be nominated for Governor by an almost
unanimous vote. He is a man of much ex-
perience and popularity, and can easily dis
lance the present Abolition Governor, Will,
liam F. Johnston, who viii doubtless be the
Federal Candidate. Ii is uncertain who will
succeed in obtaining the nomination for
Canal Commissioner The candidate will
be clai med in the West, as the vacancy in
the Board to which the new Commissioner
is chosen is that Of Mr.. Painter OF Wes,-
moreland, who is a western man. The can.
didates in the west, now named for the
nomination. are Sea'ight, Campbell, and
Clover, MIR. Bratton of Cumberland county,
has also been named. He would be an
admirable nominee, being a man of high
intelligence and known integrity Our Del.
egates to Reading are, Gen. w. s.. Ross of
Luzerne, Senatorial Delegate, and Emanuel
Lazarus Representative Delegate.
The Convention at Harrisburg for the
nomination of candidates for Judges of the
Supreme Court Of Pennsylvania will be held
on the 1Ith of June. There are five judges
TO be nominated. The pre- sent bench con.
sists Of GIBSON Chief Justice, and RoGERs,
COULTER, BELL and CHAMBERS, Justices
Two only of these have been spoken of for
nomination by the Democratic State Con-
%vention 10 wit, Gibson and Bel. Other
names 10 fill up the list, have been named
in abundance the following Common Pleas
Judges being most prominent LowRIE OF
Piltsburg, CAMPBELL of Philadelphia, LEWIS
OF Lancaster and KipDER of Luzerne. 1t is
highly important that good nominations
should be made for this responsible position.
Our delegates to the Harrisburg Convention
will probably be Wesley Roat senatorial
Delegate, and Paul Leidy, (chosen by Mon
tour Representative Delegate.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

ARR EST OF CoUNTERFElrERs.-On Saturday
evening last, the Sheriff Of Susquehanna
county, Pa arrested Benjamin A~ylewonh,
j. II. Brown, James Mcdonald ard son, Lew.
is Winters, and Gilbert Gallon, OF a charge
of being counterfeiters. In default o f bail,
they were committed to the Montrose Jail.
Gallon was arrested on the Erie tfain going
eastward, and on searching him there was
found on his person a six-barrel revolver,
and gambling apparatus of every descrip-
tion-a pack of cards, three thimble rings,
loaded dice, SC. These jockies, it is said,
had made Ellsworth's their headquarters
for some time past. The officers found on
their persons plates for %counterf citing notes
of the Putnam county, Duchess county, and
John Hancock Banks, which they compared
with bills passed by the gang. 1t is suppo-
sed that many more are implicated one
who was TO have been arrested, was too
nimble for the oficers.-Port Leruis (N. "
Union.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

MARRIED..

On the 22d lust. by the Rev. George Par
son, Mr.. CLARK MENscH, Of Bloomsbury, to
Miss HANNAH HILL, Of Muncy.
On the 18th inst, by the Rev. VIM. Ster.
ling, Mr.. VIM. ]. BEsT, of Indiana, and Miss
MATILDA HEIvLEy, of Williamsport.
On Thursday last, by Rev. P. B. Mari,
JOHN B. Packer, of Sunbury, to Miss MARY
CAMERON, Of Lewisburg.
In Monroeton, Bradford County, on Thurs
day the 18th inst, by the Rev. julius Foster,
Mr.. GEoRGE D. JACKSON, of Cherry, Sullivan
Co, 10 Miss BERNIch WooDRUrF, Of tbs for.
mer place.
By the Rev. q. s. Tobias, on the 81 inst,
Mr.. THOMAS COLE, TO Miss CATHARINE MAU.
LER, both of Cooper township, Mon,our
County.
On Thursday the 9Th inst, by the Rev. J.
p. Hudson, Mr.. john CouRsoN, of Hughs.
vile, and miss JANE MARY BonRows, Of
Montoursville.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
Representative Conferee Meeting.

Pursuant 10 notice, The Democratic Rep.
resentative Conferees from Columbia county,
]. G. Freeze and; on the part of
Montour, w. S. Davis and Cor. Clackner,
met at the house OF ]. Dyer, in Catawissa,
on the 24th Of May, 1851, 10 select a Rep
resentative Delegate 10 the Reading Conven-
ton, TO nominate a Governor, and Canal
Commissioner; and a delegate 10 the Har-
risburg Judicial Convention, 10 nominate
Judges for the Supreme Bench.
Or motion Cornelius Clackner was called
10 the chair, and ]. G. Freeze, chosen Sec
retary.
w. S. Davis produced a Deputation from
Daniel Frazer, as empowered by a resolution
Of the Convention, and took his seat in the
Conf erence accordingly.
On motion,
Resolved, That we fully concur in the
nomination OF Emanuel Lazarus as made
by Columbia County, in County Convention,
as Representative Delegate TO the Reading
Convention, TO nominate a Governor and
Canal Commissioner
RESOLVED, That Paul L.eidy, be the Repre-.
sentative Delegate TO the Harrisburg Judi
cial Convention, as made by County Con-
vention of Montour, TO nominate Judges of
the Supreme Court.
Resolued, That the proceeding be signed
by the Officer rs and published in all the
Democratic papers of the District.
CORNELIUS CLACKNER, Pres't.
J. G. FREEZE, Sec'ry.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

WILD Man OF THE WooDs.-A gigantic
man of the woods has been discovered in
Green CO., Arkansas, and a party has been
organized to endeavor to catch him. When
last seen he was pursuing a herd of cattle,
who were flying in a state of great alarm, as
if pursued by a dreadful enemy. On seeing
the part. who discovered him he looked at
them deliberately FOL a short time, tuned
and ran away with great speed, leaping
from twelve to fourteen feet at a time. His
foot prints measured thirteen inches each
He was oil gigantic stature, the dody being
covered with hair, and the head with long
locks that fairly enveloped his neck and
shoulders.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

ARREST OF REvoLUTIoNIsTs IN CrBAy-A
letter dated at 81. Jago de Cuba, May J, to
the Savannah News, in speaking of the recent
arrests, says
"Papers were taken which discovered a
plot 10 instruction while on the
grand parade, and the insurgent had taken
measures TO capture the head quarters of the
city, and 10 secure the landing of Garibaldi
with 5000 men. At the same time Lopez
would have effected a landing in some part
of Havana. The Judge, after having conclu.
ded the proceedings, sentenced to death
four, aud to perpetual confinement three of
the principal officers ; and to ten year, hard
labor a sergeant of the garrison and Two pri-
Yates. The traitor who betrayed them was
released. This sentence has been approved
by the Captain General at Havana
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

An Adjourned Meeting OF the stocKhoia-
ers of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad Com
pany was held at the building of the Read.
ing Railroad Company, No. 10 South Fourth
street, in the city of Philadelphia. on Satur'
day, the 2l,h of May, of which the Hon
John K. Kane was appointed chairman aud
S. v. Merrick, Esq, Secretary.
The minutes of the meeting held the 22d
instant havlrg been read and approved, the
proce edings of a meeting held at St. Mays
Elk county, on the subject of this road
were ,hereupon read, and the sentiments
the eof concurred in.
The meeting was then %eloqucntly address
sed on rhe importance of this roed to Phila'
delphia by Joseph Y. James, Esq, OF War
rem county, the Hon. Judge Woodward o.
Luzerne county, and Albert Kelly, Esq o.
Ohio. On motion it was
Resolved, That the stockholders do here
by accep "a further supplement TO an ac'
entitled AN Act 10 incorporate the Sunbnry
aud Erie, and Pitlsburg and Susquehanna
Railroad Company" passed by the Loglsla-
ture of Pennsylvania, February 18th, lS46,
in relation to the time of commencing The
road and its location, sc. and Also.
Resolved, That the stockholders do here
by accept "a further supplement to an Ac,
10 incorporate the Sanbury and Erie, and
Pittsbura and Susquehanna Railroad Com2a'
nv" passed by the Legislature OF PeEnsyl
vania, March Nth, 1916, in relation to the
election of a President and Managers o.
this Company and do hereby approve o'
and confirm the call for the said election.
The Cha irman then announced that IN
CONSEQUENCE of the absence of VIM. b
Reed, Esq, Algernon S Roberts, Esq, had
been appointed Judge of election in his
place, TO act with Rober: Morris, Esq.
The Judges having been duly qualified, as
required by the Charter, the polls were
opened, and the election having been held,
the Judges reported the following gentlemen
as having been unanimously electsd to serve
till the nex, annual election.
President-Daniel l.. Miller, Jr., OF Ph.la~
delphia. Managers-John ]. Ridgeway, JIG
seph B. Myers, John X. Kane, Francis N
Buck, William D. Kelley Samuel J. Reeves,
William B. Reed, of Philadelphia Robert
L. Flemming, of Clinton county; William
A. Irvine, of Warren county ; James L. Gil
lis, Of Elk county James Miles, John Gal
braith, OF Erie county.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

IMPORTANT FROM CUBA.-The New York
Sun, of Monday, contains the substance of a
letter from Porl Principe, dated May 4th,
addressed TO a Cuban gentleman in that city,
who vouches for its truth and correctness.
Nine of the most eminent, talented ard
wealthy citizens of the place were arrested
before day, and taken under close guard TO
the dungeons of Moro, in Havana. Their
names are Joseph r. Betancourt, lawyer
Ferdinand Beianoourt, lawyer; Manuel
Arrange, lawyer; Joaquin Rivera, lawyer;
Francisco Varona, planter Francisco V. Ba-
tista, planter; Francis Querada, planter and
Salvador Gisnero, planter. The pretence
under which they were arrested IS, that they
were engaged in the revolutionary movment,
now on foot in the island. The arrests were
made by order Of the Captain General TO
Senior Leimerich, the Governor. The officers
are also in pursuit of Senior Soli'ario, OF
Cunaquez, Senior Augustin, Joseph Castillo
and others. The correspondent of the Sun
represents the excitement as intense, and
thinks that the Outrage will arouse the whole
population TO a sense of their danger and the
necessity of resistance TO the Spanish despo-
tism which now rules only to Cypress and
ruin them.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
lei

In Derry tp, Montour county, on the 7th
Of May, Mr.. john CARR, aged 80 years, 2
months and 8 days.
In Limestone, on Tuesday last, Mrs. Wac.
NER, wife of Mr.. Jacob Wagner.
In Limestone, on Tuesday last, MIS-.
ELIZABETH UPpEcaArF, wife Of MFR. Thomas
UpdegrafT.
In fanvilleu on Thursday, JosarHAN Gas.
KlSs, at an advanced age.
AT the residence Of her sou. in law, Cor
nclius Barns, in Middletown, Delaware
county, OH the 2ith ult Mrs. CHARITY
WnIrE, aged iOs years.
In l.andlsburg, Perry county, on tbe Hh
ul., RICHARD Becker, aged io2 years and
3 days.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29

A PETRrFIED CORPSE IN WISCONSIN The
Fond du Lac Journal relates the following
extraordinary case of rapid petrification. "On
the 20ih of Angus, 1917, Mrs. Phelps, wife
of our informant, Abner P. Phelps, died and
was buried at Oak Grove, in Dodge county.
On the nth of April, inst, she was taken up
10 be removed TO Strong's Landing. The
coffin was found 10 be very heavy, and the
body 10 retain its features and proportions
After its removal TO Strong's Landing a dis.
lance of forty five miles, the body was ex-
amined and found to be wholly petriisd-
converted 10 a substance resembling a ligh,
colored stone. Upon trial, edge tools made
no more impression upon The body with
metal, a hollow ringing. sound was produced.
The disease by which she came 10 her death
was chill fever and dropsy, and when the
body was buried it wasevery much swollen.
The ground in which she had been buried
was a yellowish loan, ond the body lay
about three feet above the lime rock.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
TnE MicHfcas DEspARADoEs.-Tte trial Of

THE MICHIGAN DEsPARADoEs.-The trial oil
the men charged with the recent Outrages
and crimes on the Michigan Genial Rail.
road, came up on the 18th inst. at Detroit.
An unsuccessful attempt was made to OBJ
tam a change of venue, in consequence OF
the excitement about the case in Wayne
county. Finally, the trial was postponed
until Monday, the Goth inst.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
From the Montgomery Watehman
The skunk Monument.

IE -ML
This Monument is rapidly approach ng
completion. During a trip to Philadelphia
a few days since, we took occasion TO call
upon the builder, Thomas Hargrave, ESQ.,
and were greatly gratifed 10 find a determi-
nation on his part, TO make the Monument
one of the h~andsomest, we think, in Penn
sylvania. Although not yet finished, the
work shows great artistic skill in those EN-
ployed upon it. We shall defer a full de-
scription of the Monument until it is finish
ed, excepting that the whole is mounted by
3 large Eagle, manufactured for the Worlds
Fa;- IN London, which exceeds any thing Of
k;no; ire ever beheld. The following
are the lions directed that in Eng
l;sb bv The Comm,aee and the German by
Gov Sbunk in his last will. The following
is the English:
Erected by the citizens of Pennsylvania,
July a, A. D., 1851,
AS a Testimonial
of their high regard
for the public character and services,
and private worth
FRANCIS r. SKUNK,
Governor of Pennsylvania,
Born at Trappe, Pa, 7th Aug, A. D., 1888,
Died aSHarrisburg, Pa, goth OF July, A. u,
1S48.
An afEectionate son, brother, husband, parent
A sincere and constant friend I:
A self eduoa ted and patriotic statesman,
A vir,uous, humane and upright man,
Who exhibited Inc beauty Of The Christian
Character in his life, and The triumph
OF the Christians faith in his death.
The German /:
Zum Gedacini7s
Der hisr ruhenden gebeine DIES weiland
verstorbenen
Franz Rain Skunk.
En- wurder geboren in der rrarpe, Montgom'
cry county, Pennsylvania, Gen ten
August, in jahre nnsers Herrn' 1888.
Er Siarb den 2Olen JUL, 1913.
I'm alter Won SO jahren, II monaten,, Is tagenl,
Ich weiss dass mein erloser lebt.-Hloo
Cap. 10, vers. 25.
This Monument, as We have stated IN an
other number, is to be erected on the ap"
preaching Fourth of July. The foundation
thereof having already been laid, the Com
mittee of Arrangements are busily engaged
in their duties, and are happy TO announce,
that upon the occasion of the erection, an
address will be delivered by Hon. George
w. Woodward, of Wilkesbarre, Pa.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
The Ca,tawissa Conferences.

Soht0 WADso
The following proceedings of certain per.
sons resident in this county, who, without
authority, met Conferees from Mon,our and
attempted 10 regulate the representation Of
this Senatorial and Representative District in
tbe State Conventions shortly TO be held,
have beer handed to US for publication. We
publish these proceedings for information
merely, tn at the nd'ure Of these transactions
may be fully Compensated in this county
and not upon the ground thst they possess
any force or authority whatsoever. Among
The Democrats of this county, nile opt Of
every ten repudiate, condemn and desrise
lie whole proceeding by which half a doz.
en- men have irregularly and impudently
attempted TO disfranchise this county, aud
deprive it of any representation in the Har-
risburg Convention.
Senatorial Conferee Meeting.
Pursuant TO notice, the Democratic Senate.
rial Conferees from Columbia, Solomon Hell
win, and /. S. Monroe; and on the part of
Montour, Cept. Thomas Brandon, and Will
liam c.. Johnston, (Luzerne not being rep.
resented) met at the house of Jacob Dyer,
in C%attawissa, on saturday, May Gath 1851,
for the purpose Of choosing Delegates TO
represent the 10th Senatorial District in the
Democratic Convention, to be held in Read
ing, Jlne 4th, for the purpose of nominating
Governor and Canal Commission and also
TO the Harrisburg Convention, TO nominate
FIVE Judges for the Supreme Bench.
On motion
Solomon Helwig was called TO the chair,
and VIM. C Johnston, chosen Sect'y.
William C.. Johnston, produced a deputa.
ton from E. Winchester, agreeably 10 the
power conferred on Z. Winchester by the
Democratic Convention of Montour, held
Feb. II, 1851, in case of inability to attend.
l. S. Monroe, was deputed by William
Furry, ard took his seat.
On motion
RESOLVED, That we fully concur in the
nomination made by LuZerne County, of
VIM. S. Ross, to represent the 10th Senato-
rial District in the Reading Convention, on
the 4,h of June, 10 nominate Governor, and
Canal Commissioner.
On motion
RESOLVED, That as Columbia County had
the Senatorial Delegate 10 the Williamsport
Convention in 1850, 10 nominate Canal Com
missioner, and it is conceded 10 Luzerne this
year in the Reading Convention, 10 nominate
Governor and Canal Commissioner it is
equitable and proper 10 concede the Senate
rial Delegate TO the Harrisburg Convention,
TO nominate supreme Judges 10 Montour.
On motion
Rssoisea!, That E. II. Badly, ESQ., be the
Delegate 10 represent the 10th Senatorial
District in the Harrisburg Convenllonl, to
nominate Judges for The Supreme Bench oil
Pennsylvania.
Resolued, That the proceedings be signed
by the officers, and published in the Dem
ocratic papers OF the District.
SOLOMON HELWIG, Chairman.
WIN. c. JOHNSTON, Secretary.
The star of the north. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, 1851-05-29
Difference in favor of Philadelphia, is

tr We recommend TO attention the pro-
ceedings of the County Convention OF Mon
day last TO be found in another column. 1t
comprised a pretty full representation OF the
county and undoubtedly expressed the sem
timenis Of the Democracy of the county,
upon the subjects covered by its action.