davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
FRANCE.

General de CaSeane arrived IN Paris on Friday
night, and was greatly surprised to find that he had
been superseded in the chIefcommand of the army of
Paris before he had taken possession of 1t. II is
thought more probable than ever that General Bart-
quay d'HillierS will retain the command for some
time.
Generalso Brigade Leroy de SAINT Arnaud, De
laruc, Rcnaud and Lacoste have been promoted 10
the rank of Generals Of Division.
Mr.. Ducloux and NJ. Grassart, booksellers, were,
on Monday, sentenced by the COuIt Of Asslze Of
Paris to Imprisonment for three months, and TO fine
of 800 francs each for having publlshedthree pamph
lets insulting to the Catholic religion.
On Wednesday NJ. Benyer occupied the tribune
TIL he rising of the house VI. Berryer, after an ex
cccdingy impressive speech, concluded by declaring
himself IN favor Of the revision, but the revision
strictly and reLeiously legal He also declared that
he opposed to the prolongation Of the President
of the Republic and against the reelection Of LOUIS
Napoleon On this last point NJ. Berryer expressed
himself with extraordinary energy and yehcmcnce
He terminated his speech by pressing appeal to his
political friends and to the party of order to JOIN hm
in his views which, IN his opinion, IT was impossible
to shake. The debate was then adjourned
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
I'rA I,Y

ROM. July l0-M. GarafnI, Chancellor Of the
Criminal Tribunal of Imola has been dssasslnated IN
the streets at IN tke afternoon The assassin has not
been discovered Mensgnor de Moltza, keeper OF the
Vatican Library, has committed suicide by cutting MS
throat with razor.
\ letter from Naples OF the I'd, IN the Coasf'fu.
sioaais Of Florence. states that 10 persons have now
been arrested on account of the part they took IN the
affair OF the 18th OF May, lsis Among these persons
are. Archdeacon Cagnozzi, aged " the ex-minister
Pietro Leopard. Who at Turn on that day VI
cenzo Ta1azzi, aged s6 and Giuseppe solfdati
apld q.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
SPAIN.
Eire nj Madrid.

,Je,tnctlye IRE took place at Madnd, on the sth.
I, troke ont in woodward belonging 70 ": ofhla,
on the Gale del Crsto, and consumed the iospl'aI
of the Incurables and 2j houses Two sisters -, u
,,oS nnder the ruins. and eight iremen and mum
ber of other persons were more or less dangefoesy
wcnndcd The Queen on hearing OF the catastIo,-
pho immediately sent her private ,eeretay m
Ifsrez 10 INQUIRE into the extent OF the disasteI
81 on beng informed Of II, Her Majesty placed al
his iisposal 10 relieve the sufferers the contents Oh
hcr nrate purse and that Of the King ana even hef
ifvcls II necessary.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
Jenny Lind and Anna Bishop at Buffalo.

BUFFALO, Thursday, July IT.
The Lind and Bishop Mama here does not seem to
abate. On Monday they gave their first Concerts,
and both had crowded houses. On the following
evening Anna Bishop had her second Concert and
last night Jenny gave hers,bOth were perfect Jams.
Tomorrow evening Anna Bishop gives a Musical
Festival In aid ofthe Fund for the relief Of Fremen.
The Fremen have given notice of their intention TO
parade streets in full force in honor of the be-
act
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
Of The Rosa Commissioners tothre~ open the door,


literally Ia the niOn, by reducing the charge fo1
admission. IT some future time. 10 -.
Il : finally settled that the awards Of the differ
ert lune>. with one exception. shall not be finally
made or pub bI>Eof ulfhe close sf the Exhibition.
That cNeTion applies 10 TIE SPECIAL care OF a-rcui-
turai lma6Mc :, The exhibitors which expressed
unanilr0 de>'rc - know their respective fa,es at
once. The prZe> have accordingly been awarded.
and I>i OF them appears IN the morning papers Of
Xc>tff.'gv fTr,tsIy
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
Financial improvement.

The following is the Official return of revenue FOR
the first SIX months of the present year. as published
IN the MOnifcW:
The produce Of the indirect taxes amounts TO
363 0O0 having been for the first halfyear OF 1850
$50 49, 00Of, and OF 1872 3Ji 10000. The augmen-
tation IN favor of 1851 over 1919 Is consequently up
wards OF 29i millions, and 1850, l3 millions
The items showing most increase are the registra-
ton dues and the stamps duties, IN consequence OF
changes effected by the bill passed on May Is, 1850
The DUTY on homemade sugar has gwen f,2JJOoOf.
more in 1851 than III 1850 while the duty on colon'-
Al sugar has fallen off i,l2,0O0f The duty on pota-
bic liquors shows an increase Of l,s,iO0Of., that on
salt g5j OO0f and the PosOttce Department ,29o,'
OOOf tobacco sales, 2si6,00Of import duties at the
Customs OOOf and the export duties i9l OOotf The
produce Of the sale of gunpowder shows diminl-
tlon of 426 OO0f, owing to the difficulties thrown IN
the way OF the sale by the Administration IN conse-
Guence Of political considerations. The collection
of the direct taxes has been unusually favorable, the
sum received up 10 the 30th June having been 49,
925 OO0f. which gives i3 per cent OF the whole sum
to be received for the year, and IS nearly j,OooOOOf
more than was due up 10 that period.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
GREECE

Athens journals state that the village OF y.,,,,
IN A'a.ana had been pillased by powerful bsnJ of
breart Is. under The command Of a notorious leater
named aaraTa. Houses were burnci, peaSs,tr,
mITt'CICl, and women mI>sacrsel AFTER horslhle
usage. Among the womca killed was the SISTER ot
merrh ant established ri Athens. oftAe name OF Ma
lanoIiaos. SEl the capital was m sta;e Of coaslx
nation
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
RUSSIA.
Battle with the rurkomap..

Letters nom oicSSa OF TIE sSth Of June. N tho
Afseners Xcfinr. announce the destruction OF .
cotachment oi Russian troops by The Turkomans o,
The >teppe. These troops occuplcl an island od
the hsThOr Of Astr, bad They were attacked ana
completely alnihlsied by the rurAom,ns, who also
buut five Russian vessels. THIS sudden attack u
thought 70 result fIOm league bet0een shamI Beg
ana ihc IuIAomAns ol (hlNa and BockhAa
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
NIarkets..-..ALBASy July 81

Since our last the receipts have been FLOUR,
1900 barrels WHEAT, $500 bushels; Corn, li,OO
bush Western FLOUR is IN fair demand without
material change IN prices, 900 bblS. were sOld.
Corn is easier and the market is quiet 10000 BUSH
were sold, including damaged mixed at 50ajl OATS,
5000 bush changed hands at f0c.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
Markets -BU{

The receipts for the past 81 hours have been OF
FLOUR, 900 bbls WHEAT, none Corn, lO,oOo Dus.
flour is in moderate demand and the market is
heavy. $40 bbls Michigan sold at 34ioo3 so. WHEAr
is steady and firm. Small sales Of Ohio at l4d!6
Western mixed. oars are improving. The freight
Oh Flour is now 4Sc and on Corn 9ic.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
FRANCE.

TNKIHf 4 rHIiy IIIUI HIHB1 S"1y'v
In the National Assembly on Thursday, NJ. VptoS
Hugo continued HIS violent speech against both the
monarchy and the majority. the Let applauding him
cxirayaganty y-he Right at last losing patience ~
,ne aunts addressed to them loudly expressed their
dlsapprobation, and were responded TO by the Len
with great violence. VI. V. Hugo still continued the
same lines Of observations and at last went 80 lar A
TO be called to order by the President In the END
after some observations from NJ lie Fallour, pro-
testing against the language ofM. Hugo, the sitting
was brought 10 a close IN the midst OF great agitation
at a quarter past
The Nonitepr publishes a decree granting the con
cession of the Western railway Of France "a compa-
nv represented by Messleurs Peto, Belts, Brassey.
Geach, Fox henderson, and Stokes.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
TI-RkEI

We receive most distressing 1fcGants ,s Wv" Who has
"a 1t sens supposed ihet AM among the Chm
been eria"ea, = s,s Maa1a Adzic h been sent oat
p'pe3s,yl & al s,r,s 10 search OF him The unisruats
~ n% ~. - mo AZ inspected By the TURKISH oeeI me-. ,ae 'e
hsne.a ,, thar fes' 10 The orp''a7' d "se' INC
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
crselly NoSyc<' v,th wh-

erseiN r"svcs ~nh whips The poor rajahs are de-
ternined to seek refuge iron their aerciess perse
ca,o' GO ,His Slde OF tae frontier. and by dispatch
sisllne Of eleh, pcr.ons has slrcsiy inne sn
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01

NEw-ORLEANs, Tuesday, July -.
The steamer rom Galveston reports an encounter
between our troops and some Indians. The mails,
tolls &c, taken from the mail rider recently muir
dtred were recaptured by the troops.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
Markets. NEW ORLEANS, July %.

There has been no market for C0TT0N today.
Some small lots were sold at &c for mlddling. 200
hhds ToBAcco have changed hands and the market is
firm. FLoUR-There is but little offering Corn Is
dull and quoted at 53a55c for prime. Mess PoRG
sells at IA IS Rio COFFEE Is improving, with sales
of prime At &c GUNNY Bags are sc.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
Latest European Intelligence
LIVERPOOL, saturday, July 10. 1851.
AUSTRIA.

Mercantile accounts from Vienna mention an IN
dersandlng that permission To grow tobacco Is abost
TO be extended 10 other parts Of the Empire besides
Hungary, subject to the restrictions In that
part OF the country. II Is a monopoly OF Govern
ment. to which producers are about 10 submit. Tho
reason OF this Is, that IN other parts Of Ger
many tobacco has been grown.
The agricultural interests have pro6ted greatly.
an increasing demand from export houses, particu
lary for America, where IS found cigars cannot be
manufactured so cheap, owing to the difference -
The value Of labor. The same accounts referring 70
The wool trade state that considerable transactions
have taken place and that, under the influence ce
The extraordinary decline ia the rate OF exchanges.
prices are iDOpcnce per pound lower than afcw
months back this, however, was merely nomind
alteration, the actual result being rather an improve
ment. The nominal deeline In inferior qualities was
not more than penny per pound
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
BROOKLYN ITEMS.
WHIG GENERAL CoMMITTEE.-This body
Will NEE, TO- night at the City Hotel.

NAvAL.-On Wednesday afternoon dis
patch was received from Washington. ordering the
commander Of the sloopot-war Preble, lying at The
Navy Yard to be ready TO go TO sea al l2 o'clock
Yesterday The work Of taking IN stores was al once
begun, and the ship put In order What is to be her
destination not known, but II Is Supposed she IS to
be used IN nterupter of vessels from this country
10 Cuba.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
The Southern Nail.


BALTIMORE, Thursday, July 81.
We lave no mail south Of Raleigh tonight.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
ENGLAND.

The number Of visitors a, the Grea, Exinbtoa
Yesterday was 1883 receipts cs,'sO Is. 6d
.v FOR Foreign Markets ss, Eghth Pags. al
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
Receipts Of the Exhibition.

Tic following table exhibits the number OF 'isli.
ers to the Crystal Palace IN SIX DAYS ana 'he aiho
received for admission
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
By Telegraph to the New-York Tribune.
,-tir Tti>g-dph,o Dispatches So, VIA Psgs.

ssster~ assresc T,ie9rspA Oroc afs,S H--"-r
Reare- g~rsts
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01

Tsr EolIAN Piano FoRTE.-Thc supe-
nor advantages which the .Eohan Piano Forte pos.
sesses ovcr the old instrument, are now universally
conceded While It's piano tones lose none of their
roundness. cleamess and purity the effect OF an or
gan can be added at Will giving, not only to sacred
music. but 10 songs, slees and the like, new and
delightful effect Stepping into the establishment of
J. G. Gould and Co.. No. 2e7 Broadway, We exam
med several new and beautiful instruments OF this
kind, from the manufactoD OF Hallet, Davis Co
The tones were very pure and sweet, especially
those Of the Attachment. which, by simple ar
rangemeIt. may be detached from the piano keys.
that # the latter should De out Of tune, the Eoa
may be PLAYED separately. We understand that these
Eohan Pianos meet with ready sale, and are now
everywhere preferred for family use.
ESCAPED FROM THE ToMBs. late
hour on Wednesday night, one Henry A. CLARK, ,.Mho
has been confined in the City Prison for several
weeks. waiting trial on charge of grand larceny,
made his escape by picking the lock on his cell door,
no. 60, second uerl with some burglars implements
during the temporary absence IN the yard OF the
keeper on watch at the time. BY means Of a rope
which had been furnished Clark, nc gained the roof
Of the prison. nom which he descended to the yard
beneath, and with little trouble escaped through the
room usually occupied by the Count Of Sessions
BY he use ci iwo chlscls which he had secured ior
the occasion, he forced open The outer door leading
INTO the Ve>teule IN front If The building, and made
his escape into Centet-s, 4 search Was mas:e for
CLARK. bu, ~ yet he has not been recaptured.
An AMY IN DAy.-ln little over
twenty -ioul hours, commencins Wednesday morning
and ending YESTERDAY noon. sC thousand eissi siRtr d
n Al. 4
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
IL The teachers of the Public Schools

EE The teachers of the Public Schools
OF this city, numbering iOO met by previous ar
rangemeni in the Superiniendents room on Wed
neslay to receive their salary for July and August
preparatory to the approach Of vacation, when the
Superintendent (Mr $ L. Holiness took the oppor-
tunl,y of addressing them and defining their duties In
some highly appropriate remarks pointing out the
great desiderata which teachers should possess
among which he particularly dwelt upon the ooedI-
cnce 10 establish rules, and not to permit their own
opinons 10 lead them 10 the disregard thereof IN any
respect. They had an unquestlOned night 10 enter
tam their own private judgment on all subjects, o
not 10 interfere with the duties prescribed 10 them
Supposed Loss or LIFE-The boat pick
,l nm bottom upwards the other day below Red HOOK
Point has been ascertained TO belong to Mr.. Wud ~
the Penny Bridge. II had been hired IN the earl.
part of he day by four young men, one OF whom Ien
behind him his hat and coat, which have no' oeth
called for since II is much feared that the wAoie
party have been drowned.
AccIpENr.-On Wednesda afternoon q
child of Mr. Richard Combs, OF 9s sands ,1n
from the second story window, ard Was ars''a"''
~ uyed.
New-York daily tribune., 1851-08-01
ENGLAND.
Dinner Of the Royal Agricultural society.

The grand dinner OF the Royal Agricultural So
ctty took place the 10th, IN the pavilion at Wind
sor We condcnSe an account of she meeting from
the London papers
The Duke Of Richmond. rs President OF the Royal
Agricultural Society, filled the principal char at the
high table, having Ills Royal HlghneSs Prince Al
bert the Regian Minister and the Turkish Minister
on his right. and the Mayor of Windsor. and Mr..
Lawrence, the American Minister, on his left Lord
Portman occupied the Vice chair supported by Lord
Charles Russell and Mr. Pusey, Mp Among the
company were the United States Minister TO 81. Pc
tersburg, the United States Chrge dAfsreS to
Brussels, and Prince Demidof.
Speeches were made by the chairman, Prlncc NJ
bert Air Van de Weyer, Mr.. Lawrence, Lord Ash
burton and others. Mr. Lawrence spoke briefly in
reply TO the toast Agriculture. Manufactures AMI
Commerce" Lord Ashburion, IN his speech, thus
referred 10 ''the agricultural labOrcrS" OF England
Deprived OF the laborer YOU would be like gene
rails without sOlciers. (Cheers) separated you
would scarcely raise food to drag on to-worn ex-
istenCe, and continue stuntod race But united,
hand in hand raise food not for yourselves alone,
but for the operative and manufacturer for The artist
and philosopher, for all who confer dignity AMI re-
hnemcnt on the national character. (thcerS) with
ont you and your capta-wsthout the laborer and
his slnews-these things could not be. on form
with HIM the piers whercon the gorgeous, the com
phcated framework Of society rises like an arch
tChoers) As surely the arch. with all It's columns,
and parapotS, and drapery, would crumble INTO runs
were either pier removed, so surely would operative,
manufacturer tratcSman. artlhcer poet, philosopher,
iOpDle down into one universal wreck, were your
support, or the support of the laborer wthdrawn--
Loud cheers.J And yet there are those who think
lightly of The iabOrcr-whO call HIM rude and 0o0rSh
who ,Iake his ignorance bye-w0rd. They say he
ISunedc because he knows little of things which
do not concern his calling but. above all. be-
cause he Is taught do. and he Is not taught 10 talk
because IN this land where We choose members OF
parliament by their talk. and cabinet ministers by
their taka false ties, OF ability, false test of know
edge false test of education has been set up, and
by this false test the laborer has been judged (Lou1
& l,,ct ht hrS
that YOU shall know him. Try HIM by what he does.
rot by what he says Loud cheering
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-06-04

Union COURSE I. I-rRoTTINo.-THURsDAY
" June 8. lho ~ halt two o'clock, II. for
S4tO two miles and repeat 90 harness. James Ludlow
b. Mikmsd Charles Lo1er b. <. Short.y
Immediately after purse of $50 me heats hest three n
hve, to harness samuel Long enters Henry Clay. w.
Seaman enters h. r.. Brown Sam, W. Whelan enters a. n
Paul Jones, II. Woolley, en- tiers 4. Is: Morgan.
JOHN 1 5SEDlkER, Proprietor.
CENTREvILLE COURSE. l.. I-TRorrING.-wED-
" nesday, June A. at oclotk r. NJ. purse Si50 mile
heats three in five. In harness owner enters b "
Jack Black s. AoLau ghin enters eh. &. Confidence;
Woodruff b. Boston Girl G. kaynor enters oh
Sem. The proprietor takes great pleasure in presenting
the above field TO the sporting world in his opinion
better could not be brought together The first named the
horse that astonshed the crowd Wednesday last in his
with bay Boston Girl also the above list
Confidence is also in and will make his rt this
Hustled Kendalrs line Of smnbuses will leave Fulton
Ferry Brooklyn. from IL A. NJ until o'clock r. NJ
ing as the sport is Fare each Is cents
JOEL C0SKLIN, Proprietor.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-06-04
PUBLICATION %.


T ITTELLs LIVING AGE,-i2k CORRESPONDENTS
LII No. JS-L Lady Mary Wortley Montague, Chambers
Papers for the People; Scenes at Msason Fraser Ma
gaIne The Lost Laird, Chambers Papers for the Peoples
The Duke and the Spsrro~e Bristol Tines D. The Exhib
ton Opened. Spectator Poey-rhe River Saco The Good
production Of Limbs In the Human Subjects Exeter HALL
Long Annuity Interesting Autograph Letters lie Potc
de Londres Cooperng BY Machinery. Published weekly
ct SIX dollars year by Litell Co.. Boston and sold
BY DEWITT DAVENPORT. Tribune buildings. n. Y.
A PPLEToN's MECHANICS MAGAZINE FOR JUNE
IA The June number Of this splendid scientific pubs
ton IL already out Under the head Of Mechanical Science
its contents quite rich and and almost every
Of the subjects accompanied with Illustrations few Of
building Notes on tn. United states steam frigate Mssis-
sirpi Safety Plug for Boats aud Vessels Whppes fm-
lroyement Machines Tor Clay Making Bricks
Mechanics for the Million: Brsdords Patent Locks Cast
Iron Orders Cornes Lead Pipe Machine Specification OF
the Patent Of Paines Light With illustrations. Gem and
Glass Engraving Manufacture Of Ices Ac &c The other
departments embrace amount Of information. inter
eating and instructive all who appreciate the value
Of scientific intelligence We have before spoken Of this
work. only possessing and tasteful appear
day Every succeeding number fully sustan this high posi-
ton and increases its claims the patronage Of
chancs ongipeers scientific and the public generally
Courier aud Enquirer -sTerms-rhree dollars rer
Cd BY all Periodical Agents and Postmasr
whom liberal discount IL allowed
d. APPLETON CO, Publishers. 80 broadway.
TIVE MARRIAGE ALMANAC. JUST PUBLISHED
contains valuable information delicate matters.
being married should be without a. for 10 trouble
anxiety and expense Sold In Wrappers ut ~ eents Sent
BY mail 10 city or country.
sCBLoss CO, Ic2 Nassau street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-06-04

ZINE FRENCH PAPER HANGINes, DECORATIONS,
&c No. ~ Pearl street. between Madison aud Chsthar
Those In want Of the above arses should not omit ooh
Through our establishment their inter est and taste
b bsst consulted ~ csnS THOMAS rAYE n co
DAPER HANcfNGs-TuE MOST EXTENSIVE AS
sorment OF ell the styles of Frcnch aud American
Paper Hsnrns expressly sdapsed for the compctecora
uon on drawiss halls aud dining snf other
interior apartments Of private and public buildings
wholesale and retail Superior hangers employed
FRANCIS FARES = Co, Nv. Nv Icsss ftsest
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-06-04
CLOTHING.

--eN,u~N-~,0~~N~~~~~NN~
('AsT-0FF CLOTHING. JEwELRY, FIREARMS, &c.
wsnted-Iades or gentlemen having the above articles
Tor sale Tin large or small auantite will he attended at
their residence, BY leaving orders addressing line
through the Post Once TO H. LEyETr No. Barclay
strett corner Of Broadway N ~ Paros from the country
attended 10, and the full value eash ttsd per return Of
post
n Asr OFF CLOTHING AND FURNITURE WANTED.
-Ladies orsentlemen leaving the city or broskinf ~
housekeeping obtain the highest cash for Clothing
!urnture, &c. By sending through the Post ~ his red
6enoe. l.. n DUsEyI.DORP Is Him strSsA
N.B.-LAdiss attended By Mrs. Dusseldorf.
VAST OFF CLOTHING AND FURNITURE " .Nrrp
~ The highest price be obtained by lsds, and rem
Nsnen who have any left OF Cothins Fur Ana
49, spI's q " ss,SIsF ssrGsss pos, oshsrvss
Ladies ATTENDED 70 ~ Ma tsvsp,.yn.
( ASH OF. CLOTHING, kg.-LApIEs AND GENTLY
rsc ian eotar from The subscrser the highest cash
TOT c@t on oioehaS and super1aous articles OF every
DESCRIPTION sna Any quantity fron enc single Ssrgcnt 70
hoRoNEf nhs store II Orange street, near Chatham
FAST orr CLOTHING AEDFUNsIrURE WANTED
- hasr % ssntemen having any superhuoas ehee. 70
asroe o. can obtain the highest cash price
dies atteaded BY Mrs. Cohen. NJ COHEN. % Kim street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-06-04

f,HAMPAGNE wINEs-yusT RECEIVED, A SURE.
~ lot OF Champagne Wines Of VAR al celebrated
brands Pervons want earnestly .eduested 70 make
q cell before purchasing. ct DALLrhORES celebrated
Brandy Store. 40 Broome street, cocner Of Crosby.
SCoTCB AND INDIA PALE ALE, AND LONDON
~ and Dublin Porter.-Just received fresh supply 81
these celebrated Aes and Porter which have given such
unverssl satisfaction % Grade aud brand From
bottle 20 casks required be hal
genuine and none others admitted into the establishments
A. DALLIM0RE go Broome street. Of Crosby. the
celebrated brandy store.
IMPORTANT TO ALL-rAMILIES, AND ALI PER
who have found dicui 10 GOOD bottled Wines
&c at moderate Price, will find Dslliunres Brandy
store 80 Broen street ~ Crosby the largest
sornent ~ old Wines, &c., SC In tle United so sud
attw.nty cent less than at ether tcrs % sh city
MAD the number, Az