The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-27

course OF time lost their property though all at hrs had
their lands
Later. by the long famines brought by frequent wars
and egece agriculture, the PROCEDURES, reduced 10 Inc
last extremity OF Distress sold themselves as slaves LOT
wheat corn 10 noursh their families.
In the last decade oil the 10th century, under Michael
the Brave the peasants OF Waacha divided INTO pro
petors popretors, who iree) and the slaves
yet but lew who had sold themselves 10 the manner we
| have said. THIS D)mnu, who successful warrior
az ans the Turks The Tartafs, and other nations united
under his government Walachia, Moldava, and Trans
sylyania He wished TO create extensive and power
ful kingdom lie forgot the ancient aLd noble institu
tons OF his country and desired TO Initiate those OF Hun
gary and Poland, in creating mtgnates with teudti rights
BY fatal act he reduced all The peasants, who were no
longer poprietors, serfdom on the soil where he
found them THIS mortal stroke. They had no
| longer liberty or homes 10 defend. The boyars, the
chiefs OF the army, no longer commanded boher com.
batants devoted the same Interests ihey haa seis
OF foreign mecenares This cursed act was promn'sa'
ted year before The death OF Michael! his sue
csssors were not able TO defend The country, and II
became the prey OF rebel pachas and olhtr chiefs oi
b lgand Turks The Sulans themselves respected Their
treaties lLs old Terra Romano suffered everywhere
from the file and sw ord. She had her natural
defenders.
All this period appeared Peter the Great His war with
Turkey encouraged the WaIachians Religion and the
hope of national salvation inspired the Roumins with
sympathy. Canlimr and Brancovano made common
with the Gar against the Crescent la the reay
of alliance the perfect independence Of these countries
guaranteed. The Gar quite in character with Rus
sian policy, at the end of the campaign abandoned the
family Of Brancovano to mariyrdom in Constantinople
nd carried 10 ST. Pe,ersbugh Cantmr and other CHEFS
stripped Walacha and Moldavia of their historical doc
uments and best men, and concluded with the Porte
treaty unfavorabe TO her allies.
In virtue Of her conquess, and in foresight of her des.
tiny, Russia, aspiring 10 the throne of Constantine
- A.. r.
exercise Rounania an influence that she could
have with the native Domni, by fnesse entirely Mus.
covile and by sentiment OF gratitude than Cos
sack towards The Roumans she urged the Porte to deprive
them OF the right OF eiectng their chiefs and 10 impose
upon them phanariot Beys. See the tendency of the pro-
tectorae of the Car !
Turkey, in her simplicity, believed she had made
step in extending her power in fact size coded Crmea,
believing she absolute sovereign in Moldo- Wala-
CHA. She acquired the right 10 appoint Beys. These
Beys committing every kind OF oppression aud robbery,
and knowing that the Porte would punish with the
the suspicion OF injustice they prepared beforehand
a refuge Russia always offered them in oil
persecution from the Dvan. Thus they became the ex-
ecuters of the plans OF ST. Peersburgh,
The first Bey named by the Porte under pre'ext OF
tightening the burdens OF the peasant, abolished the
tonaI militia and civic guard and conf led the service to
Observation-Disclosures, Servians, and Bugarans.
Then, with the design of impovershns and running
the chiefs OF the naon he proposed 10 free ali the serts
alta ched to The SOIL The bc vars, have SAID, had
not been stoned to have serIs until the time of Mi.
chael the Brave. Consequently, instead of combating,
they applauded this proposition. The Bey thought TO
the boyas by this but the descen iants OF the found
ers Of so many monaseries-of those who willingly died
poor and disinherited their families to erect asyums for
The poor, the widow and the orphaH-these liberal and
vaorous boyars but brilliant future in the arrere
peafs of the Bey They reoiced at the idea Of reconst-
iung a nation OF reemen. They did more they vol
yilla and tOr A IN
formerly. The corner. stone OF the foundation oil their
nationality laid by OF their machiaveau
mea.
: From time mmemoria there has existed in Walacha
charitable for the benefit of the poor, the newly
married. the church singer aud the priest and all who
have neither ca,e horses On fee days all the vii
lage-boys and girls, men, women, and chlen-lssem-
Bile with their cattle and their poushs 10 break the soil,
to so the seel reap the crcp OF all the families who
can not do il for themselves
This pous labor is called tacq-ha is gratuiinus la
Dor The poor comtor,ed, and gradually became
the possessors of pair OF and COW, and were able
TO commence the life OF an agrcuurst
At intervals the proprietor 10 visit his estate.
The peasants, in a mass, would present themselves 10
welcome him their neghbor and protector He carried
with him eggs butter, fowls and other things to make
feast His wife was well. beloved by the and
girls OF the village; she carried them rings, rbands and
necklaces she taught them how 10 dress them selves.
The proprietor succoreJ the poor his wife .augl them
how to heal the sick with simple domestic medi-
cines. All The pea happy. The whole will age
was always disposed celebrate the cdcI two or three
days for the proprietor. "Go, my chllren," the old
would gay another eidea for the poor boyir; he has
no oxen, and he is unaccustonel to till the earth" All
the youngboys ami girls and every ready for
the eaeI is fee On other days each lab ,s separately,
and for hlmseIf but in the cidoa all work togaherthe
lover his mistress the Bridegroom by the side OF bis
bride the new married reunited again 10 their parents
the youths making labor Joyous by their laughing frolcs
the stefan Of the village singing his ballads,
accompanied By the violin. The cldca is the labor in
groups so much dreamed OF by Fourier in his phaane
tere Then after the caca all rejoice sing, and dance.
Such the state OF society from the time OF the first
Bey 70 that OF Caragea, in 1915. This Bey published
civil CODE among the obligations OF which the oiIea
imposed duty towards the proprietor OF twelve days
labor year for each peasant not proprietor To proane
the cidca-to abase a sentiment OF charity by making il
doty OF servitude-was such scandal that from 1915 to
1891 several villages would not submit, several propre
tors would not enforce right contrary to the national
customs The old boyars the true Romans, refused
constantly TO profit by, they called il, tbs cursed
right
| Certain new propretors doregEers) enforced their
rights under the influence of the pixies OF the Cossacks,
and obtained such a change in the organic law that the
labor Of the peasants for the propreors raised TO
/ sixty days year.
We have arrived al a memorable epoch The conduct
n IN, IN Walac the