The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-04-11

The t,r., lecture was delivered on Tue.

The first lecture was delivered on Tuesday night bo
in OF the inclemency OF the weather. wa,
not attended by numerous audience It's singular
merits deserved No country is more interesting 10 IL.
whole human than Egypt. because Of its wonderful
an,iq ues. associated they with some Of the h,,
authentic records OF man; and certainly no one bs.
ever visited the United States well quslinsd by HI,
long residence in Egypt. his extensive researches hi,
ncessant study OF the works OF other archsooxiss nj.
familiarity in lectung do full justice TO this nisrs,
ing subject, as Mr. Gddon, His second lecture will h.
delivered this evenings and with the view OF preparing
the minds of those who were not present at his first
lecture TO understand aud enjoy his second exhibition,
we lay full sketch OF il before readers.
Mr. Gliddons projection opened Tuesday night with
comparison between the point reached in various fields Of
discovery when he last lectured at Washington. in 1874
and that attained by science in 1851 The auierous dis
coveries in California-the successful operation Of
the electric telegraph-the excavations in Assyrs
which have resusctaled ancient Babylon and Mn
eveh-and, above all. the food OF light poured upon
the history Of the ancient world by the labors Of Lep.
sius in Egypt and his colleagues in Europe-were all
passed in review the fruit which he last years
had brought forth. The ante Abrahamc history Of
Egyptian utter blank seven years ago-had since been
brought to light by means Of Egypts monuments. Mr.
g. alluded to the relative antiquity of certain ancient
nations, and entered into definition and explanation
Of the word archaeology. and the duties of archeoo
gst The science of archaeology, he said inducve-
much the Baconian philosophy. 1t deducsd Ger
tain results from premises which were well established
differing from aniiquaanism. which conentcd itself with
merely discovering objects of antiquity. and fixing he
hor tha ~ IL.
oeology does to comparative anatomy-being 20 to say
the backbone Of historic sciences II had been the fashion
before the days OF Champoon for historians to begin At
he creation. aud come downwards 10 the nineteenth
fury Archaeology reversed this process It commenced
with the present era, and followed the stream Of time
upwards and backwards towards ills source.
Classical literature as regards The transmission Of
qnuseripis goes back far the Alexandan school,
established about two centuries and half before Christ
and ending with the destruction OF the Aexandrisn
library by the Saracens under Amrou, general Of the
Calf Omar, about the year Of Christ $50 All literature
passing through this school being copies Of copies Of
copies, &c-having multiplied the from the other
there u.s. OF course every chance for corruption Of The
original through the Ignorance or carelessnes CT iran.
scribers Even in these days, any man who bad
been in the habit OF correcting proof knew the dit.
fculty of making himself understood by the printer.
Amusing examples Of his own experience were given
! by the lecturer-among them, how MENEs, the first
Pharaoh Of Egypt in lieu of being translated che who
walks with Ammon," was printed "who walks with
Mammon - And again MEMNoN, whom Mr.. G. had
spoken OF as "Hesiod's demi-god." was meamorphosM
into Herod's dem John
All literature termed classical has come down 10 Us
school ia Vet
of the post Christian Alexandrines far able
to gather Clemens Alexandrnus alone tohavehad
any idea of herogyphcs II there others who had
any proper conception OF Them their works persisted
when The Alexandrian library was destroyed What has
survived is all but useless to In those days, beyond
the limits OF The Roman empire geographers knew out
very small portion of the world kennicolt and DE koa
long ago established that there does not exist copy
the Hebrew Scriptures older than the llth century after
Christ or OF the Greek versions dating further back than
| the 4th or 9Th century of the sane era. These az
copies Of older MSS. now lost, and possess orig.
nails Contrast these facts with the ages OF Egyptian
papwi-multitudes of which exist-da,ng back as faru
the l6h 18Th, and l4th centuries before Christ Mr. Gln
don said that the mummy before the audience had one
attached az old as 900 B. c., 275l years ago. The
Greek and Latin classical MSS. in preservation are
generally from the 10th century OF era downward
iragmen, OF copy OF Ivy the museum OF Berlin
is The Oldest Latin MS in the world. It's date is the la
century of the Christian era, and ], is therefore 1909
years old.
In order TO aid his hearers in the proper appreciation
of the value 10 be attached 10 Egyptian resuscaonA
Mr. g. then pointed out the boundaries at which Inc
history of several ancient nations merges into fable
IrALY-Not excepting the tombs and vases OF III,
IEiruscans all of which recent, We cease 70
tread upon positive historical ground after passing the
las, King OF Rome; a city not founded prior 10 b Z
1854
Garrcr.-Hstoy degenerates into fable after passing
the first oympiad B. C 716. The era Of Homer tsaP
posed TO be 9o7) is disputed
JupEA-including Phenicia, Carthage. Syria, ASA
Minor, and Araba-ioes not furnish strictly chronology
cal data before the reign of Solomon, B. C. 1000. Mr.
G. pointed GU, the earliest synchronism between Jodan
chronicles and Egyptian herogyphes in Sheshank Of
the monuments, the Shishak OF Scripture, who con.
ouered Rehoboam in the year OIL B. c. Bunsen, Ewad
and Lepsus have proved that all current chronology pro-
10 20 beyond this is legacy Of the sixteenth an
enih centuries-computaons not two hundred ans
6fy years old Prior to the age OF Solomon, the chrome
logical element in Hebrew records gradually cvaporaa
Even in the current computation oil the Exodus ifps"
has discovered radical error OF hundred and SHY
years, which places it in B. c. 1922, instead oil D.
1899 The epoch Of Abraham osciates between D. y
1900 and B. c. 1000. Beyond Abrsham's day, als@
ex,ricabe chaos in chronology