Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1851-12-20


ate Republican Union Each State assented that con-
stution by convention elected separately by the people
Of each State and it adoptedby the unanimous choice
of all the States OF the Union II was government OF
checks and balances The power divided between the
States and the Government Of the Union the States
cising such functions were local and municipal and all
others granted by them and the General Government
such as appertaned chiefly interstate and
commerce and to foreign relations He did not hesitate
here say that central government for the whole Unon
without State and municipal institutions, especially with
single chamber although it reposed upon the will
Of the people, and administered by their elected
delegates would have terminated in anarchy to be
ceeded by despotism. Hear, hear However popular
it might been in FORM it would have been despotc
practice for it is not the name that makes free Govern
ment. republic, called, REFRESHING the liberty Of
speech and Of the press Intervening abroad to overthrow
by force sister republic and reposng at home upon half
million Of bayonets, not to secure the nation against
foreign INVASION but to maintain the Government against
people, its action military and despoc whatever
title it might assume in its constitution Hear, hear.
This subject well discussed by their lustrous guest
who demonstrated how web the philosophy govern
ment understood by him, and how impossible it
to maintain free government when all power central
lied at one point and in single chamber and State and
municipal institutions overthrow
Power being divided in America between the States and
the General Government it distributed there las well
in all the States into legislative executive and judi
cia Congress consisted Of two chambers the House of
Representatives and the Senate and the assent of
ority Of both precede the passage Of any law OF
these two chambers the House Of Representatives
separate districts each Of equal population and the Sc
nate by the Legislatures of the several States each State
having two Senator's the State Of Delaware with po
pulaton Of eighty thousand having great voice in
the Senate as the State Of New York. with apopuation
exceeding three millions Of people When an act had
passed the Senate and the House by majority of the
ySss q Il become law The President
elected every four years. by electors chosen by the peo
ple and he placed his veto upon any act it could not
become law except by the sanction of of both
Houses and when it had passed through all these FORMS
every law whether sanctioned by the President not if
it repugnant any provision Of the Constitution of
the United States fell like dead letter from the statute
book under the judicial action Of the Supreme Court Of
the United States Hear, hear The Supreme Court
of the United States held their Offices for life by indie
pendent tenure, removable only upon conviction upon
impeachment of high crimes and misdemeanors and
member Of that high tribunal had been removed
That great tribunal the balance-wheel of the Govern
ment decided in the last resort upon the constitution
atty of every law Of every State well of the Union
and upheld by its DEGREES the paramount and fundaen
tai law Of the land.
Here then was q Government of checks and balances
in which power distributed to calm and
deliberate action, to guard against tyranny the
hand and popular precipitation the other Hear
hear This constitution could only be changed by three
fourths of the States and it had worked most success
fully, without single modification, for half century
It permanent form Of free Government stable
derby, and balanced; securing life, liberty property
and contracts by adequate guards and guarantees In
Decd property and contracts under that
instrument that while the population had increased
der in sixty years from four to twenty millions of
people, six-fod, the wealth Of the country had
mented during the time in ratio than quad
ripple the increase Of population thus demonstrating that
property was secured by it as well as liberty Hear
hear.
He had thus endeavored in compliance with their re-
quest to present epitome of the Constitution Of the
United States; and one standing in the advance
umn Of the great eeradc and democratic party of his
country he thought proper to say that agraransm in all
its forms rejected by all his counrymen especially
ua al by mt
gent working classes who desire spoiaton division
of property whether be made daily yearly and who
knew SO well the union Of interest between labor and
ital the fund out Of which labor is paid the wages Of
which would rise or fall with the augmentation dimi
mutton of capital Hear, hear.
One of the doctrines taught by Washington and all his
successors had been Neutrality-suspicious. America sympa-
tzed deeply in every struggle for freedom but her Gov
eminent had interviewed to impose upon nation
any change in its form Of Government America believed
tina. it was the right Of to f h Sss
promote their happness and that any interference with
this sacred right by any other nation unjust and des
potc If other nations in forming changing their Gov
ernment established free institutions America reoced in
the selection and ferveny desired their If how
ever other nations chose to establish for themselves des
potc power it not for America dispute their taste
contravene their wishes but she considered nonnter
vention doctrine that should be adopted by a nations
and that kind of nonnervention by which despots
licensed to overthrow by foreign armies constitutional
Governments in defiance of the will of the nation Cheers
alliance of despots intervening to subvert free Govern
ments in other countries less powerful than their own
could have other aim and purpose than eventually to
sweep all free government from the face Of the earth
Hear hear The great Atlantic separated his Mr.. WIS.,
free and happy home from the despotsms Of continental
Europe and from their geographical and nsuar position
these glorious isles stood breakwaer of freedom oyer
which must roll the surges Of desposm before they could
reach the shores of his country Loud cheers The
liberty of Poland, like that Of Hungary had been
thrown by the Intervention Of despotc Powers Hungary
eeshe had overthrow the armies of the Austrian
tyrantwhen Russia the incarnation Of despos, inter-
vened overthrow her Government expunged her from the
map of nations and rendered her subject province Of
despotic Power It seemed to be the decree of continent
despots that free constitutional Governments should be
overthrow The blow struck against them all at
once but clearly the purpose Of these monarchs by
gradual and successive movements overthrow free
Government the continent of Europe Now when this
DONE would England be permitted TO enjoy unmoested
her constitution Would the OF her peo
Pile in the House Of Commons be endured by an alliance
of despots opposed to all popular rights? Would the trial
jury be permitted; but, above ALL would the freedom
Of speech and Of the press be left unassed in England
Hear, hear1 Despotisms could not long flourish when
amidst them there freedom Of speech and of
the press The moral artillery that would be opening its
daily and hourly batteries upon continental absousm
from England long there here freedom of speech
and of the press would in the end induce those Powers
to ass those last and greatest buwarks of the liberty of
man. Hear hear. For himself, he felt profound
conviction that if despotsm should be reestabished
throughout the continent of Europe it win assa the free
institutions of England. In his judgment conflict be-
at hand and it best to wait in neutral isolation until