davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
TO COUNTRY MERCHNTS.
1000 CASES OF BOOTS AND SHOES.

300 do pump sole Kip Boots lex lg'h) at S22 SO
100 doz do No Zip Boots at. 81 .Oo
100 pairs fine imitation stitch SHOES. .55
We are constantly manufacturing twelve humid
red pair of Boots per week, keeping hundred and
seventy-hve hands employed, and can fill orders at
any time at the shortest notice. Country Dealers
will find il saving of from 20 TO 25 per cent to buy
their stock oil the manufacturer, Instead Of paying
the merchant S25 per case for the same KIND OF
Boots that We sell for S2l. We are now supplying
OF the largest dealers in St. Louis and Louis
file, and have been for the last two years. Our
Boots have given good satisfaction, and all goods
sold by warranted to do so. Dealers, by calling
at No Pearl street, at the mandatory, on ty-
corner of Sycamore and Columbia SITS, lin Clahe
toms buildlng)can examine the goods and Judge foi
themselves The above prices as low the
same kind OF boots can be bought in New Yors or
Boston. We are now receiving large stock OF
Shoes, which will be sold equally as low.
As it is idle and delusve TO hope for large profits
the general diffusion OF Intelligence and the easy
and rapid communica tion between city dealers and
country merchants, renders extensive and regular
trade on the old basis Z, small sales and large prof
its. utterly impossible; therefore we have adopted
the motto, arce sales and small profits, believing
by trading on this principle, We can draw n large
share OF the trade which has usually gone East, Il
Cincinnati, and thereby 10 to % per cent &c
the Country Merchant.
RyLeaiher bought al oil times for cash or taker
exchange for boots Shoes.
FlLLEY e. CHAPLIN.
| Cincinnati, Nov. 25.-iebl0ol-lyrdaw
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Fashions! The FashiOms!!
81. JOB n S STAFFORD, sheu
Fashionable Boot and shoe
MANIFACTUREkS. -

MANUFACTURER, 49,
Main Street, Nearhe Canal. Evansville, Indiana.
rsha Tbs subscriberhavingju just returned n
~ frog. Cincinnati, with well selected
e. stock OF materials, would respectfully
inform the people of Evansville and surrounding
country, that he has located himself in this city,
with view of carrying on the manufacture Of
OF Boots and Shoes and respectfully solicits a
liberal share of public patronage. He will keep
constantly on hand a variety CT BOOTS and
SHOES, OF his own manufacture, and on very
reasonable terms. He especially invites the
custom of those who may wish handsome or
fashionable Boot or Shoe, made TO order His
arrangements are such as TO enable him to do
work promptly and on the shortest possible notice,
in a Style not surpassed by any other establish
ment in the city. .-,-.s-- s-srr-,-r -.
just put your neighbors al in mind -
Ofhs cheap boots and shoes;
And il they want to know what kind
Say any kind they choose.
MI. S. feels quite confident thai he can render
perfect satisfaction to AL who may favor him.
with their patronage. Be sure and give him .
trial, as he sells cheap as the cheapest.
Eransriile. August 5fh 1851. (aug6-Sm1
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

NEW TOBACCO AND CIGAR STORE,
Ill. SCHAEFER,
First ST., betsreen Nam and Locust. t
II AS just opened large assortment OF the bes,
Il quality of Tobacco, Cigars, &C., which he will
cell, wholesale and RETAIL at Louisville and Cincin-
natl prices. lie would respectfully solicit share
OF public patronage he feels assured that he can
furnish superior article cheap can be had IN
the West.
His stock consists in part as follows chewing
and smoking tobacco of every description; all kinds
Of cigars snuffs, &c. pipes cigar cases. snuff box
es, tobacco boxes, cigar holders
9TCountr' merchants would do well to call and
examine my stock, before purchasing elsewhere, as
think can offer them great inducements to pur.
chase, eitnerin quality. or price
oct4-ly III. SCHAEFER.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
10 sorANIc AEPR2 R NsIEcT1c PH4s1
.XfKxs5FSa4HHFfSH,s G4fgS sEESExKK M1rHSH

nNhE undersigned havinE purchased the Drug
Il Store formerly occupied by Messrs G.. Hatch.
ist & Co.. would respectfully call the attention OF
public generally to their fine assortment oil Medi
cines, Paints, Oils. Pertumery, Surgical lnstru-
ments. &c. whica they are regularly receiving =
All OF which We will sell upon as accommo-
dating tern can be purcased in any of the West
em cities. and hope by strict attention to business
70 receive liberal share OF public patronage.
Orders attended to punctually, and carefully
pscked.
ID CLINTON KELLER.
D. A. FARSsLEY, NJ. d
KELLEY & FARNSLEY.
feb4u No. IA Water ST.. Evansville. Ind
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
MEDICINES.
> McALLI6TER'S

49, 0CA01l6I6h0
Concentrated Extract Of Ginger,
EOR DYSPEPSIA, GOVT, RHEUMATISM,
~. Cholera Morbus, &c &C., was introduced to
the pubic the last yenr, and has acquired a higi,
reputation for its efficiency in these and other at
sections. From its valuable properties as highly
difusible stimuant, il proves itself useful in ban
ishing the languor and lassitude which affect the
residents Of Southern climate during the oppres
sivs heat Of summer, while it is entirely tree from
she injurious effects Of alcoholic slim, liant an
MeAllisterb Concentrated Extract Of Ginger
will be found valuable companion to travellers
on the river, who are almost invariably troubled
with complaints Of the bowels, caused by the char.
sctsr Of the water they compelled to drink and
many . fatal case Of DianhGa and Cholera may
be traced TO this origin. Ii will also prove ex
tramoIy bcne6cial 10 Gout, Rheumatism and Dys-
pepsia, and those troubled with Fiatuency and q
sense of oppression after ealing, will find II great
~ To AID and strengthen digestion.
Prepared only BY ~ 81 u. q
SUTCLIFFE, McALHSTER e. CO.,
Wholesale Druggists, 524, Main street, north side
between Sd and 4th Louisville; and for sale by the
Druggists throughout the South and West,
norPrice IS cents per bottle. A liberal discount
made to wholesale dealers.
For sale IN Evansville, by
Mays7daw4ml KELLER & FARNSLEY.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
Spring and Summer Arrangement

Spring and Summer Arrangement.
- | 8 5 | 49,.
L'.-uM Cincinnati to Sandusky. Cunkirk, Buff
II falo, Niagara Falls. Toronto, Montreal Alba
ny, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, &c, via:
Little Mama, Mad River & Lake Erie
Railroads, to Sandusky City.
Steamboat Line from Sandusky 10 DunkITk and
Buffalo: and thence via New York and rie Rail
road from Dunkirk to New York, or Railroad from
Buffalo TO Albany, and Steamer TO New York
ALSo-Railroad from Buffalo TO \ iagar Falls,
and Lewiston, and steamers to Toronto, Oswego,
Montreal. &c
Little Miami, Mad River,L. Erie Railroads,
Two daily through Trains to Sandusky City,
morning and evening. Passengers by Morning
Train slee at Sandusky Passengers by Afternoon
Tram connecting train) take regular line steam
er next morning al o'clock; touching at Dunkirk
connecting at DunKirK and after May lst,)
with N. Y. aud Erie Railroad, TO New York. Con-
Meeting OF Buffalo with Railroad TO Albany, Bos.
ton, &c, and Railroad TO Niagara Falls, Lewiston,
and steamer 10 Toronto, Montreal, &c.
The following first class and staunch steamers
form the limo froEs SandusKy to DunKirK an But
falo, have BEEN splendidy rettted and iurnshed
tor this seasons worK and cannot he surpassed tor
Il. al.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
Assets.

Cash on hand. ............ ...".... S7.l29 7s
Newark City per cent. Bonds. 1900
Brooklyn - $4,000
Bonds and mortgages on real estate
worth double the amount los ned.... go .O54 81
Real estate.... i6.96S Al
Premium notes drawing 6 per cent in
terest secured by policies .248 40
Loans on scrp..:. 6.025 80
Premiums, premium notes and each in
the hands OF agents and in course OF
transmission 9.673 IA
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

~ NOTICE,
THE undersigned having formed a partnership
i will practice law unoer the firm OF Law Bat.
tell & Johnson. Our office is in the upper rooms
OF MIR. Amor IS building, on First street, opposite
Bement n Viele's. We shall also undertake the
purchase and saleof Real Estate, and payment o.
taxes on the same. Collection OF claims, and all
business entrusted 10 us, will receive our united
attentions | he office OF the Lamasco Agency is
the same place
JOHN LAW.
T.. 1. BATTELL
NORRIS S. THOMSON.
Evansvi le Dec 9. 1850 II
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

MI Oh ASSESS bbls choice reboiled Molas
ltl ses in perfect order for sale by
aug9 FOSTER e. BROWN.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

WINDOW GLASS-Just received, a fine as
w sortment OF Window Glass, all sizes from
by 9 to24 by 80 For sale by
KELLER g. FARNSLEY. Druggists,
ml4y Water Street.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

And TO which tEey would call the a,tentl o
builders and GLACIERS. FOSTER & BROWN.
juneh
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
A Splendid Assortment OF TEAS,

CHS, PAIT EFT
IN BBLS. Lnseea Oil;
~ 10 bblsSpirits Turpentine
do Copal Varnlsh,
do japan do;
10 do Dried Whiting;
loo pounds Blue Prussian
1000 do Red Lead;
1000 do Venetian Red
1000 do Spanish Brown;
just received and for sale low by
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
EAGLE MILLS COTTON YARN.

EAGLE MILLS COTTON YARN.
TINE subscribers have become agents for the
Il abb We mills. and can supply customers with
any quantities of Yarns. Irvine and Carpet warp
on very favorable terms. From the universal sat-
isfabton which these yarns have given, we think
i; useless to add anything in their favor, but ask
purchasers to an examination,
Jy7- FOSTER t. BROWN.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

LAMAsCO FOUNDRY.
INaLsViIfC Ind,
THE under sig ntd rs prep"I,to do all krds o,
Mschine and Mil WI ! the or,est notice
and on the most reasonable terms.
nov7-dtf HENRY SCHRIDER.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

A RE now permanently located in their new
IA building, corner OF Water and Vine streets,
where they intend to continue, on an enlarged
Sca heir al
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

w ASHSTAN Common and Enclosed
w Walnui, Mahogany and Rose Wood Marble
top Wsshstands, tor sale at
WOOLSEY T. NELSON'S
iyS0 si Furnitne Warc-Rooms.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

Inventors Manual of Legal Principles,
] and Guide to the Patent Office, by George
Il Curis
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

" ESTERDAY morning on First S., between
l Main and Locust, q small amount of money
which the owner can have by calling on the un
dersigned, describing the property. and paying to-
this advertisement. g. IL. TODD.
aug16
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13

COTTON BATTING.-l5b bales best quail
~ ty for sale by s. E. GILBERT e. CO.,
sep Sycamore bet. Water and LIST SITS.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1851-09-13
10 Physicians, Country Merchants, sno.
Everybody. "

Main ST. one door below WOTeonE 4 eehJN
Erdnsr,is, May oath, 1851.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-31

lots Of Canadian selling at ~ 81 ct which the in
quiry was limited Southern Influenced by an improved
demand and light stock has advanced to 81 IS 81 81
for mixed to straight brands and s. S. 80 for fancy
at which LOO bbls disposed of or rye -four 100
bbls. sold at 80 81 50 A-an improvement Meal ruled
quiet and nominal Nothing transacted in Wheat Rye
was inactive, at Iic. Oats were plenty and weaker
Jersey selling at s5c 46c; and Northern at s6c 4sc
Bo'y continued scarce and firm OF Corn $500 bushels
changed hands at Is sto arrive. for yellow; and
61c. ON the spot Receipts very light.
CorroSTho letters by the Canada do not appear very
favorable for prices great reliance being placed there in
the assertions rife here at the departure Of tho Africa
u rapid falling of In the receipts at the ports The
amount offered this morning large, and buyers had
ample space for selections at &c of from the prices
paid yesterday at which about bales changed hands
Strict middling Georgia. lac.
PaousIoNI.--Pork has been active to-day, but
without any increase in value Sales reaching 400
bbls made at S13 rs for mess Sl3 IL S13 25
for old Sll so for prime; and $40 IL $40 IS for
old. good business transacted in beef at Last
quoted rates Beef hams were selling slowly ut SIS .
Sl5 so. Picked meats in demand and the trans
actions amount to $50 hhds-hams, at SIC, and shout
ders at &C. Lard was as noticed in our Last with sales
Of $50 bbls at Sic S5sc latter rate for prime. No
thing new in butter or cheese
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-31

The Aremen were, Of course, outraged by this in
fringement Of their privileges, and now creating
much excitement upon the subject and though the
Msrshas police entirely innocent Of the trans
action, the whole censure is thrown upon them,
through the management of their rivals, who are
doing their utmost to fan it into fame. con-
vention Of fremen meet tomorrow evening, and the
Marshal is invited be present for the purpose Of
making some compromise of the difficulty.
Last evening there abundance Of false
alarms of fire, and the fire companies were racing
in every direction, in defiance Of the orders Of the
police to the contrary. In Southwark alone, five
directors of as many companies were taken into
custody by the marshaPs police.
About two O'Clock this morning, the carpente
shop OF Daniel Thorn, in Eleventh, below Pine
street, destroyed by fire. with its contents. The
incendiary was seen to leave the premises by the
Waterman, who made an intellectual pursuit. Dur
ing the fire, some rowdes attacked the Lafa yette
Hose company, but failed to hurt any one or seize
the carriage, which was their object
Washington Benford, horse dealer, who return
ed last evening from successful trip to New York
and Boston, with funds amounting to -, 800 in his
pocket, (his whole capital) was pundercd while
crossing the Delaware in the ferry boat, by some OF
the light fingered gentry
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-31

~ - - !, ,. - tn. :. i.
ine Nchet"i i"st "n'0' - W ''oV'' iue''
screw loose somewhere In New York The POST
master General lefl here IN a hurry for New York,
-.;,,o,,, oons,,,,;n, va vvarren Ri, Warren 1.
-. ~, GO.
M towering PASSION, ana s"ears terriDly' OuI
army sYore terribly in Flanders" Meantime, all
h,,.;,sss "a ded in the dot,artmept-Fr War
-. -. iii H.
feh refuses 70 aet wen "''""s O"' :.
department, have to wait the Postmaster oenral :
return
a. r;a.,,, h. h.or ;,f,r,oed az the lenosit
NV 'vei'" 10. -. 50. =
Of the pubic funds with Seldan' "hher' . So''
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-31

IHftADELriiiA, March 81, 1871
n M, QparTd-THs F0cgBH and The Mrrsmi-
irooed,orisus-Syc,k ~ Fumea's Fight
BssS Dc0ir ppadcred
The efficiency q the marshal and biz police, and
the popularity the system ha. attained in the public
mind, has given rise 10 much Jealousy on the part
OF Mayor Gilpin's police. The latter i distinct
force. very unnecessarily retained In office st the
expense q the city. though their usefulness Is very
limited, in consequence q the FIELD being occupied
BY the marshal's force. The f'ilpn men have very
eunningly ecntrivcd difference between the mar
shars police and the hremcn, the foundation Of
which occurred during The Gre AZ the Assembly
Buildings. The owner q the grocery IN which the
Gre commenced stationed two e the city police At
The door 10 keep ont tho fremcn, thinking
that he could cxfinguish the fire without having his
stock o. goods destroyed by the deluge of water
With which they would have flooded hi premises.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-31
Married,
On March by the Rev. Mr. Chase, MIR. JoHS LANDER
Of West Farms. to Miss MARY AM CAMERON.


Died.
On March % WELLINGTON MORTIMER. youngef' son Of
Elizabeth III. and Henry a. Martin.
Funeral will take place this (Slonday) afternoon at
O'Clock from his late residence No ISL Madison street
The friends Of the family are respectfully invited to at
| tend.
In brooklyn on March % Of consumption SARAH Avn
ALEXANDER, wife Of lillian d. Paten in the i2i year Of
her age.
Tie friends of the family invited to attend her
funeral without further notice. this (Mondsy) afternoon.
March 81. at o'clock from her late residence Dean
street above Iloyt. brooklyn.
Virginia papers please copy.
On Saturday, March % Capt JOSEPH LuDLAM aged 10
His friends and acquaintance are invited to attend his
funeral this slondayl afternoon at o'clock, from his
\ late residence, 81 Madison street.
On Sunday March 80 Of consumption Margaret
Assr. wife Of Joseph L Harrington, aged sycars 10
months and days.
The friends and relatives respectfully invited to
attend the funeral services without formal invitation at
her late residence 100 Sullivan street Monday AFTER
noon at o'clock Her remains will on the fpllowin5
morning be taken 10 Longridge Conn, for int fment
On Saturday morning, March -, CHARLES WRieHr.
merchant. Of this city.
Ills relatives friends invited to attend hi flu
neral at his late residence No 20 L rer street after
which the deceased viii be taken .tn ne family burial
on Saturday March 70 Mrs. AsrsAff.., MonnrlL aged
81 years and months
Her funeral win take place this day (MonIay) at .
O'Clock NJ from the residence Of her son, Arthur Nor
rell, ~ " hitc street
Maine and Massachusetts, papers please copy
On Sunday morning March 80 MARr o~ES, second
daughter Of Cyrus and Catherine Knapp aged months
and 10 dayr.
The friends Of the family are invited to attend the fu-
n'I' on l'.soa. iao'ihs aPf l. Ho'n "a "es' A''i'
",n'., stlr 49,. Al, So. % ,,, -. A.,
~ 'ili' Wy ~ ,,a4o - ~. - - =,
~ =, or! uausha y, - ~ E'" "u VI t INV
= ". Weston, 49, = ..'is !. ,.,.,o,. g. ,st
:, uiisia' ',i A"'Su"'f A.'"i'i0"| - - "
I'M an sis''. A., ca 9 IL. :, a.. ,, to,
on sunday Aiarch ~ SAFAi reilc' Of inc sae 'acoo
Henrqucs Of the Island OF Jamaica in the 18th year
'" ncI w. 81, . a.. tt. A.. -, -.
M iIashu, % tne Amy "ie ~, 's"1
l'i'i, ts a''in ',s' . 10" ~ P - - ~
III, y, ~. ~ IVS.uric. - .'V' SUM- "'""o 'i'' ~
has. .nIty , s,iee' s., nj; e,ou H.,
.aP's 'osril - llAN. nv. - . ~ III =. ~;
~ 'is ~, y. -, uI,s .''ii % ~ y, =. -, y,
ic'.f ,.n'tnctu uutlns VIC ~. * ~ -.
s' - -, '' t ~ i - s 49, - v,'l af o,,ar,n
49,, -, a,,,.i :, .i,e. e., ,h - 49,
IN, nv; u - ~, .i,a ~ ,ss, i :, - a.. 80.
n. ~, y ~, V ~; - NV y, " y, ~ 80,
- ~ - :, 49, 10 $50 /, IA, - ni,,s.,, -
~ w go s.,El ~ ' , M .h - -,
h,.,'i,saI ti ~ -, 80. 80 - .,vta,i,s7 ,,,ri,,
IL ,, e. ~, :. 81 Ia -, hr v,,,.,cs ,r,.th .s
H. hai -, -, 49, a.. ~, ~ H. ,-,,l hi,,y.iT be ..,r,,,
al H. 90 ~, l. ,niah. 49, -, ~ ~ - mat, sneh
anatbe- siar,,,s am Ii,r,gol an tb tLirI ~ -
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-31

EXTENSIVE CAVERN ~ MANCHESTER, VERMONT.
"A large and singuarly beautiful cave was disco.
ycrcd III Manchester on the 7th inst, by party Of
young men engaged IN hunting excursion, and
one VI whom i the writer Of this communication.
The cavc j. situated upon the southern extremity
# the Equinox mountain. about half way from the
b.sc 10 the summit. The indi, idual who made the
first discovery IN hot pursuit q a wounded par
trilgc AZ The moment, and was precipitated without
notice into the unseen entrance. On examining the
passage into which one u their number hal been
80 unccrtmoni0usly invited, the party found that ID
n. by gradual descent of about thirty feet. into
a lacious apartment measuring thirty-six feet ia
length. twcniy-scyen feet in breadth. aud thirteen
feet in height, and having bottom o. level. and
narrow passage, through which made our way
wth great difficulty, and not without bruises,
Brought a into an apartment far exceeding the
former. both ~ extent and magnihccnce. The
most prominent objects which met eyes IN ihi,
second we're three colossal pillars, twcnty feet
u height aud fifteen feet in circumference, ~ spec
trail whitrncss and smooth ~ polished marble. ln
the thitd room We found considerable quantities n
iron and lead, together with Kind Of ore rescm.
bling silver. We pursued our way about quarter
Il mile. passing through no less departments.
until w found ourselves upon the brink Of preci-
picc. Tn throwing down large stone. faint splash
returned, after m interval ~ several seconds.
ffcm which We inferred the existence Of pond Of
water NJ the bottom of the ahyss. The exploration
ofihe cavern has bscn pufsucd no further. The
whole. a. far our examination extended, and with
The exception of the water just mentioned. !. per-
fectly dry.-WqH. Uf) iHim Uhg, Mud. ~.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1851-03-31

South CAROLINA AND SECEs>roy-Iion. A. +.
BUTLEE.-lt has been stated that the Hon. A L.
Butler returned to South Carolina, in favor of the
Union. The following resolutions were passed by
the Richland Southern Rights Association, and
signed by that gentleman:--
Resolved--As the opinion of this association,
that concert of action between two or more of the
Southern States, through the proposed Southern
Congress otherwise, for the purpose of resisting
the aggressions Of the Federal Government and the
Northern States, is object in the highest degree
10 be desired and most earnestly to be sought but
that if such concert Of action cannot be brought
about, the State If South Carolina, acting through
the Convention Of the people, which has been pro-
yided for by law, ought to sceede alone.
Resolved-That every preparation ought to be
made TO maintain by arms the rights of secession,
and the independence of the State.