Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1851-01-16


age about the close of the last century. In Aft
ghanstan the cane thrives we'll, and yields al
excellent sugar, but the people are ignorant o.
chrystollzing 1t, and therefore they nre indebted
to Hindoostan for their large supplies of sugar
candy. The Affghans cut the fresh cane into
small pieces, which they eat as sweetmeats
The cultivation of the cane has been introduced
into The island of Singapore, and promises to be.
come one OF IFS most important branches Of COM
merce. S"me FRI nch capitalists have purchas-
ed land at Algiers, on which they are growing it
In Sicily, Spain and Italy, it was formerly cul-
tivated, but, we believe, its culture is now aban
doned in those countries.
Saccharine juice abounds in all the naples
and, in North America, where there are large
forests of these trees, v,ry good sort of sugar
is extensively made from two species, though
the black sugar maple is by frthe least produc
tive of the two Pursh tells us that the Ameri.
cans, ''obtain the juice by tapping the trees in
spring warm days al nd frosty nights are most
favorable to the plentiful discharge nf the sap
A hole is made in the tree in an ascending dl
recton, with an auger, aud spout made of ell
der is introduced about half an inch which pro-
jects from three 10 twelve inches The sap will
sometimes flow six weeks, according to the tenl-
perature of the weather. Troughs are placed
under the spouts to receive the sap, which is
carried every day to large receiver, from which
1t ls conveyed, after being strained, 10 The boiler
Lime, eggs or new milk are added to the SAP, in
order to clarity it; but clear sugar may be made
without any of these ingredients. The sugar,
after being sufficiently boiled, is grained, clay
ed; and refined, in the sane TANNER as he sugar.
cane in the West Indies. The sooner the 50
is boiled the better. 1t should never be kept
more than twenty fur hours. The quality Of
maple sugar is superior TO that which is made
in the West Indies from the cane. and it depos-
its less sediment when dissolved in water. II
h's more the appearance Of sugar candy. The
maple sugar is in fact, equal to any other sugar
and is procured with little trouble" In the north
of Europe, sugar has been obtained from other
species.
The traveller, Spencer, has given us an ac-
count of the sugar which the Circassians pro
cure from the walnut trees that flourish in ex
traordnary perfection on the Caucasian noun.
talns. During spring, just as the sap is rising,
they pierce The trunk of the tree, aud leave a
spigot in it for some time. When the spgot is
Withdrawn, clear, sweet liquor exndes, which
they allow to coaguate, and sometimes they re-
fine it. They sometimes use, as a substitute
for sugar, cIar fed honey, that has been perfect
y bIeached in the sun.
In France, the manufacture Of sugar from
chrstnuts is going on very promisngIy. Some
of The proceeds give fourteen per cent, which
is above the mean proportion extracted from the
beet-root.
Professor ]. F. W. Johnston says that the
sacch rine exudaton that drops from the Eucoi-
gpluS OF Van Dlenlen's Land is not sort of
Inanna, as 1t was supposed to be, but peculiar
kind of sugar, which NAV be collrctet in consd
cradle quantities. When chryslaIlzed from al
chohol, it gave the same composition as grape
sugar, but differs from it in relation to heat and
other properties. The honey dew which exudes
from lines and other trees, is of saccharIne
nature, and Curtiss says That if it could be pro.
cured IN sufficient quantities it would serve well
for sugar. The AbOe Bosser de Sauvages has,
indeed, described "a shower OF honey dew, -
which fell from lime tree in the Kings garden
at Paris. A correspondent of the Gardeners
Gdzete states that he had some bee-hves near
u large wood of oak where there was a honey
dew visible for thirteen successive mornings in
August, and that each of these hives produced
considerable more honey than those which we're
farther off.
Sugar has been obtained from the leaves of
the ash tree, and from the stems of the birch
tree, and of some species Of plants
The Amencrn cutIvatnts of maize, or Indian
corn, find that by bruising the stalks of this
plant while immature, they can express an ex-
celent sugar Mr.. II Coleman tells us that
they have already ascertained that more than l =
400 lbs weight of sugar can be- obtained from a
single ACRE. and he has no doubt that double that
amount would eventually be procured by proper
cultivation and management, the manufacture
being yet in Its infancy.
1t is well known that sugar is yielded largely
by the roots of carrots and beet. In Russia,
there are upwards of thirty beet root sngal-t fac
tories in full operation. This manufacture is al
So thriving in Germany. A few years ago
Messrs Fies and Slaneward, Of QuedIinburg
Westphalia, discovered a process whereby. IN
twelve hours, ten pound of pure sugar, perfectly
crystalIized, may be extracted from 100 lbs
weight of beet root The secret was immedi.
ately purchased by M. Brokhoff, of Wlsburg
for 10000 trancs on condition that It should nol
be used beyond the Rhine and Westphalia. A
beet root sugar manufactory has been establish
ed IN Essex; and IN 1887, some samples Of re-
fined English beet sugar. of good quality and
color, were sold in the London market at G5 per
cw'' Mr.. Rootsey states tha forty tons of man
gel wurze, raised upon a single acre, yielded
three tons and half of moasses.
Sugar extracted from pumpkins is equal in ey-
cry respect to that from beot.root. Potatoes
wheat barley, beans and peas, have also been
made to contribute to the ''sweets of life" and
have been found to yield the greatest quantity
while immature. A species of Lamarw, con
tanning considerable quantity of sugar, is high
y esteemed by the Japanese, as an article Of di
ct, after it has been boiled in cold water, ant
then boiled in milk.
Near the base, and on the upper surface Ofth,
ovary, in the flower of the RhOdOdendron ponh
cum there is a-minute glandnIar spot, whence ex
udes thick clamny JUICE, e,which,on desiccaton
crystallzes into pure white and transparent su