davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1851-09-30

patents for than was Attempted 10 hs ana
claimed in the originals
That he obtained in such re-issues patents for
things which he did not invent
That IN s9rrsndsEiug, on the ground OF his patent
specifications, when there no such defsct and in
obtaining Reissues for enlarged new claims there
soner Of Patents, which invaiidstes the pstsnt o'
10. That Morse's patent Of May l. I549 was invalid
not issued for the Invention claimed and
dscreed to Morse, on the trial before Chief Justice
Cranch who decided on question Of that
Bain's invention different from Morse's ami that
such decree wa, binding upon both parties until aside
IL That Morses patent of May lsa9 il for the same
thing as Bans which deny 1t void because
1t granted after Bans which was In fuh force and
could not be indirectly impeached In this canse.
H. That it was void, because the claim thereon for
the exclusive Of the single circuit OF electric conduc
tors for hag that Morse did not invent and one
which not pstentabe.
system Of elegrsphing by recording and mode
Of doing gave him the right to all modes OF Geographic
recording Is not in accordance with the constitution,
laws or public policy and therefore not valid
H. That if this claim to be allowed to the extent
claimed it would vtiste hs patents of s46 and lS49
which describe and modes of te!egrsphiny;
and he being much within the Law Of exclusion az
other persons.
Is That the claim of telegraphing being an art and
that Morse had patented that to the exclusion Of all
others authorized by the constitution and law,
the pre- visions in them besg intended not to authorize
patent art but for inventions which should pro-
mote the arts that Morses pretsnons instead Of pro-
notipg them, would Keep them stationary during the
existence Of mis- patent
There were other points of more less Importance,
made on he Argument The property directly involved
in this csu.e very large Indirectly an immense in
terest to be aoo ed by the decision; few have
been tired II more Importance, or which included
many intricate and difficult questions The printed
testimony formis two large quarto volumes, besides
numerous completed drawings Some four days were
devoted the hearing to experiments in electricity
and chem try in presence of the court It s probable
that has tried in this country which
imposed greater labors research upon counsel
About twenty OF most learned electricians and
rhAunis in tha vvifV
The New York herald., 1851-09-30

thenceforward the system was abandoned, whether
BY taci consent, os by authority OF the board that
established il, 10 not stated 1t will at once be per-
ceived how slight are the features OF resemblance
between the plan adopted then, and the one pro-
posed now ;-they cannot be cited as parallel cases
Your committee have referred to the matter for Q
two fold objectto the which the gentle
men OF the Fire Department Committee referred TO-,
have, unintentionaly of course, committed; and to
dpei Impressions the plan herein pro-
posed, that may have been enter sained in conse-
quence Of the misstatement.
I'd. Your committee most respectfully, but ur-
gently, advance against the pla usbe theory of the
Chiefs control over the appointment of the bell
ringers the notoriously practical inefcency Of his
operation of the present system is too familiar to
you, to require argument, and the committee ap-
peal to your candor as to the relative merits of our
positions.
Soon after their appointment, your committee
courteously invited by the Special Com mittee
of the Board Of Aldermen, to meet with them at a
time stated your committee attended, and were re-
quested to mention such changes in the ordinances
as they supposed would be satisfactory to the de-
partment; but no. being authorized to report st
th at tme the conference ended in an informal and
free in nterchange Of opinions each party represent
ing in his individual capacity the views supposed to
be pre- evalent on either side. Your committee avail
themselves of the opportunity to acknowledge the
courtesy and candor of the gentlemen composing
said Special Committee, and to express our obliga
tiOns for their friendly interest in the department,
fare by all reasonable means in their power.
In the belief that it would meet with the appro-
baton Of their associates, as much as it accorde
with their own feelings, your committee have sub
miyted their views to- and conferred WITH old aud
valued friends Of the department; and the
confidence IN the plans proposed, generally ex-
pressed by them, emboldens your committee to
hope that the unanmity with which they propose,
will be met by a bonding feeling your part
to endorse sy stem that has for its sole OBJ the
prosperity and well being of the New York Fire De-
partment
In conclusion, your com nittee sub nit the folio v
ing resolutions
Resolved, That q copy Of this report be furnished
to the Special Committee Of the Board of Alcer-
men, and that they be, and are hereby, earnestly
and respectfully requested to take the same into
consideration, with reference to reporting in favor
amending existing ordinances, or ad ,pting others,
in accordance with the sugges tions herein con-
tanned
Resolved, That committee of five be appointed,
to adopt to carry out the DIVISIONS of the
foregoing resolution, as far as practicable.
All of which il respectfully submitted.
GEORGE c. BAKER, Engine Co., 2,
WIN. c. LYONS, Engine Co.,
HENRY W. BANKS, Hose Co., 10, 3Conmittee
II. p. McGowN, Engine Co 49,,
S. SMITH, Hook and Ladder Co., .,5,
New YORK; September 20, 1851.
The New York herald., 1851-09-30
The New City Cemetery-obJections 60 the
Project,
NEw YoRK, September 26, 1851,
To ~ EpIroR oF TmE HERALp.

TO TIVE EDITOR OF HERALD.
Nh EDIToR,-The Board of Aldermen lately
passed resolution appropriating that portion Of
Wards Island recently transferred from the House
Of Refuge TO the city Of New York, consisting Of
about ten acres to be gned to the Governors Of
the Aims HOu re- for place Of burial for the poor,
the city, and TO be hereafter known and distin-
guished as the "City Cemetery"
The plan for establishing a Potter's Field on
WARDS leland, ras, suppose, until after the report
in the daily papers OF the passage Of the resolution
above referred 70, entirely new, not only to the
community at large. but alse to those most interest
ed in and affected by the same Ard even nov,
probably, few persons only are aware of the evil
consequences that would unavoidably arise II the
plan were carried out. For this reason II is that
beg TO call your attention 20 the subject, with the
request TO bring IL before the pubic and to explain
lie nature.
Petitions from the Com nissioners Of Emigration
and benevolent immigrant societies, have induced
the Board Of ssistant Aldermen TO refer the sub
iect TO special committee from its own honorable
body, for further investigation and report; and IL
can hardly be doubted that this intelligent com
mit.ee will convince themselves Of the Imminent
danger 10 which the health and lives Of that portion
of immigrants would be exposed, who, en- &C sount
Of want or sickness, have TO take shelter on Wards
Island. But Il Is proper and desirable that others
also, should know that the grouzd Intended TO be
appropriated for Potter's Field Is adjoining the
establishment known a. the Emigrant Refuge and
Hospital, under the care Of the missionep Of
Emieratien, where thousands Of Immigrants are
constantly being provided for.
Burial places are admitted TO be unhealthy 10
those residing IN their neiehborhood; intermural
inierments are being abolished every where, aud
cemeteries removed beyond city limits. The desire
to discontinue the use of the present Potters Field
on Rsndalls Island, emsnated, I believe, from the
apprehension Of injury TO the health Of those resid
ing on or near the island, and It's ofensiveness TO
them. Nov, since IL will not be disputed that i'm
migrants not yet accustomed to our climate, parti-
cularly when In i'll he alth and after long sea yoy-
age, require fresh air and healthy location, more
particularly than babtual residents Of our country
Il is certain that the placing Of Potters Field 80
near 10 The Emigrant Refuge and Hospital, will be
productive Of the most injurious effects
Under cirsumstances like these, the plea Of expe-
diency and ecos omy is not admissible, and should
not be sustained A0r single moment. Our com
mupity, payers included, will no doubt condemn
ali mercepsry motives in the settling Of this ques
.isn Yeprs, respectfully, r.
The New York herald., 1851-09-30

struct his neighboro,r and 20 he tries TO learn
Uncle Sam is willing 10 teach John Bull good
many things he ID yet ignorant of, and 1t is to be
hoped he win be tFactsbls scholar, and mind his
lessons. By patienes and assiduisy he can improve
considerably. In the newspaper line, the United
States are far ahsaa Of Old England. The Lon
don Times is certainly the English "thunderer,
but the New York Herald will compare with it In
all its great charaete hstics 1t may be admitted
however, though some of the British journals may
beat all the world in revolving yet that in revo-
lutionary firearms American mechanics-who also
make the fastest running presses in the world
are superior to the gunmakers of London, or bir-
mipgham, or Sheffield Their Mantons and
their Morrisons must give way to the American
Colt, Who has run beyond all Of them. This
triumph is victory number five. Many years
ago our Wall and Chestnut street operators show
ed the British inanciers that our folks were
some pumpkins. The Rothschilds and Palmers. Of
London, cannot hold candle to our hpanciers. The
British forgetting what occurred thirty thirty
eight, ard thirty nine years ago. say the supremacy
in arms on sea and the land must be accorded to
her. Nonsense. On the subject of war, we have
heard it said by one who has looked into history,
with view to ascertain the fact, that while England
has been invaded and conquered three times, atleast
by foreign foes record exists where two hundred
men were in the conAi,t on each side, in which An
gloSaxon bloOd-unassisted by the Irish or Scotch,
Welsh, or French, Indians, or Hessians, Aus
trians, or Russians, or Prussians, or Sepoys-ever
won victory over any soldiers except AuglO-Sax-
themselves Gull ,den is, perhaps, the most
favorable instance to be cited in behalf Of tho Eng
lish but We doubt if they would have been victo-
rious there had not the Scotch in tina, battle hal
English allies. But in diplomacy, hitherto, We con-
fess, England has had the start of us. Brother
Jonathan is beginning to learn, no wever, something
of this European science, and we advise John Bull
to "stand from under" He had better keep
bright look out, of these days he will ''see
sights"
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26
From The New Haven Palladium.
CauItaI Puni.hlneau IA China.

The following letter from friend in Canton, China
10 the editor OF the Palladium, gives somewhat detailed
account OF one OF the .errlhe modes OF capital eAecu
ton in China appears that the Ceesals DO not serve
all their murdeers alike but that they discriminate De-
tween them, and lntct painful death upon those
whose guilt appears TO the government TO be The most az
gravaed Hence some condemned 10 death by one
stroke others by two, Others by thmty-sx strokes-he
latter mode, OF course, the more lingering and painful
The letter is dated
CANTON, (China) Feb, 2S, 1851.
The Chinese year commenced the first OF this month the
wear corresponding nearly with present year. 1881 Ii
is the first year OF the Emperor his name being sl
used in public documents on The first day Of the year
The former Emperor, though he died on the first month
OF last year i,Ued so far government documents. pub
lie and private letters, and transactions OF all kinds,
and concerned till the last hour last year, the 81 i
day OF our January give You some luithef statistics
regarding executions,
There were during the past year 444 persons executed
in this city ioly-hye different occasions Al two dli-
ieent there thrlylwo persons beheaded, al
another thirty fye and SO on One female during the
year cut TO pieces" the punishment is called
She had committed adultery and at The suggestion OF her
paramount had poisoned her husband She was sentenced
to be executed by eight Stokes, or cuts Of the knife
The mode OF punishment is as follows The Two iFsl
cuts by small knife by which the eyebrows, with
the skin above, sliced that they fall the eyes
The two second cuts dspace the muscles Of the hesh
part OF the above the elbows 80 that they fall be
low The next two cut the breasts so that they are turned
over.
AT the seventh stroke the knife is changed for a
larger one which the eXeculioner SEXES with one hand
and with the other takes palm-eaf fan, and puts IL
before the breast of the criminal He thrusts the
knife horizontally through the fan into the breast then
turns the blade pependcularly and cuts down through
the entire abdomen. The eighth stroke takes OIL the
head The fan used TO prevent the blood from fly Ing
upon the execntioner. This punishment, whether per
formed with eight hiny-r strokes, is inflicted upon
those who kill their parents, and upon wives who Kill
their husbands All the criminals carry their death
10 the execution ground Their wrists tied be-
hind them, and they hold in their hands in perpendcu-
lar position bamboo stick.
The following free translation Of the death warrant
above referred to:
According the imperial WILL cut TO pieces, that she
die. The culprit woman named Wang, who, listening
the aduerer poisoned her husband that he died
and expose her head TO the public"
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26
CITY OF WASHINGTON.


u c. w. JANIS, No. HARRISON street, Cincinnati, Ohio is
travelling States assisted BY
J. sars, T. Dssr, JAsos TArLoH, j. W. hxnsrHors, w.
RAasAY DE JossUA WADswosSs, ALAx H. LAws, and H. X.
CRAvxs.
uSMr HssRY LxwIs, OF Alabama, gen.
ss travelling agent OF Alabama Tennessee
sisted BY his sons, James o. and Samuel ID. Lewis.
Richmond Virginia. is general
for Virginia. by travelling b. PuLLsk and JAsss
TaoaAs.
a-ESwAKp SANFORD, Co.. express agents and bankers in
the States London and Liverpool have been appointed
UBon authorized receive subscriptions
and paper Their once in London al NO. 10
Gresham street, Liverpool No. Columbia Buildings
This in this country with the welknown
Adams express agents. and entitled to The conn
dence Of friends abroad.
0M e. JAsEs No leg South Tenth street, Phiadel-
phia general travelling agent, assisted by Messrs WA H.
WILD, JsHa CoLLIss, JInKs DEKRIss, KIRK WKLLESroH
T. EVANS JoHs Jupkss ?. LooKK Jos Burros 6kossE
r. BurroH and THOMAS ID. Niog.
O1S- Receipts the above will be good
M JoHssos, Of Galveston authorized to procure
subscribers, c., for The Union in Texas.
b. PALAKR, the American Newspaper Agent, 10 The only
authorised agent this paper the cities OF Boston, New York.
Philadelphia empowered take advertisements
subscriptions the required BY His receipts will be
regarded payments His Offices areBo.ton Congress
New York; Tribune building Philadelphia, northwest
Third hcstn
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26

WANTS JoB.-The Republic newspaper, the organ Of
the administration TO be very much pushed TO find
subject upon which TO exercise its genius; perhaps,
its conductors feel that the wing party in Pennsylvania,
with its abolition candidate for governor, and it's rejection
OF the resolutions in favor OF the Compromise such
sad plight that nothing short Of the pussan energies OF
the Republic sustain it under its mighty load
AT any rate, the Republic must think Colonel Biger
very formidable opponent, and one which Governor
Johnston is unable to cope with, or would not be
SANITY assailing him. Ever since the nomination Of
Colonel Bigler by the democratic convention, the Repub
lie has been busy in copying the ISLANDERS OF the whig
press Of Pennsylvania, and giving what aid and comfort
il could afford TO the despang wings of the Keystone
State.
1t is useless the days Of Governor Johnston
bered he has been weighed in the balance and found
wanting The Republic cannot him from defeat
burnt brandy rundown he must go, and the
gallant and eloquent, Bger will occupy his place The
democracy of the Keystone united and when united
are irresistible The Republic. il wants to be paid for
is labor must seek other field to work in Pennsy
vania ,cont pay Baltimore Argus.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26
From Hunts Merchants Magazine,
HRllVRys

The first train OF railway passenger in the United
States put IN motion December %, 1929, upon the
Baltimore and Ohio railway. which was opened on that
day TO Ecou's Mills, distance OF thirteen miles from
Baltimore. single horse attached to Two of Wi
mans carriages. which was drawn with ease eleven TO
twelve miles per hour. The number OF miles OF railway
now in operation in the United States is 1929. Rail.
roads have not as yet crossed the Mississippi river.
The number Of miles of railway in operation upon
the surface of the globe is "a ,03S-l3 476 miles being
the eastern hemisphere, and I05G2 miles being in the
western hemisphere, and distributed as follows In the
United States, 1929 miles in the British provinces %
miles IN the island OF Cuba, $50 miles in Panama, %
miles in South America, 30 miles; in Great Britain,
62l miles in Germany, asa miles; IN France 1871
miles in Russia, aga miles; in Belgium $50 miles, and
SPAIN co miles The longest railway 10 operation is
the New York and Erie which is ACT miles in length
Massachusetts has mile OF railway to each seven
square miles OF her geog aphieal surface New Jersey TO
each "a New York to each IS; Maryland to each 81 /;
Ohio each IS and Georgia TO each 10. The total
Der of railways in the United States is 305.
In connexon with this subject subioin the follow
ing from an exchange paper;
ENGLISH RAILWAYS The Railway Times gives as the
aggregate of the receipts from traffic OF the principal rail-
ways OF the United Kingdom, TO the number OF 80. for
the rs weeks ending the last week in June, shown
by the weekly return published in that paper the OF
E6a75AS This is an increase in the aggregate receipts
Of f707 433 nearly III per cent upon the receipts from
the sape railways in the corresponding period OF last
year The length OF railway in the mean time has been
increased 4a2 miles, viz from 567s miles TO 6l20 There
has been all the railways except four, and
increase of income per mile OF road opened on all ex
cept on hve The average receipt IN the ball year on all
the railways 81 ,05S, S5,07s per mile. The re-
ceipts on the 5ls& miles belonging TO the London and
Northwestern Company averaged e. .276 per mile, and
il is estimated that it will pay dividend of three per cent
The receipts of the Great Western averaged in the
period e. $50 per mile on 264 miles II is anticipated
that this company will pay dividend of three per cent
for the six months, The receipts of the London and
Brighton 1884 miles in length, amount to average OF
400 per mile II is anticipated that this company will
pay dividend OF / 4 per cent for the six months.
The excursion trains for the great London Exhibition
are beginning the metropolitan lines This company
received 60 $40 in the last week in June its receipts
in the preceding week II had entered into
for great number OF excursion trains for the Exhibition
during the month OF July.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26

The fine steamer Ohio arrived from New Orleans with
full freight, and amongst her great crowd OF passen.
gers about 100 returned Caorlians, all Of whom
reached here enjoying excellent health detachment of
Sc commissioned officers and prIva,es OF the Oregon
moua,ed rifles commanded by Col Simmons, landed
at the barracks where they will remain until their ranks
again filled up by fresh enlstments The reg men to
which this detachment belongs did gallant service in
Mexico by taking part in several OF the most important
engagements and during their soourn in Oregon the Off
and men became exceedingly popular with the pee
pie. The OF The officers who upon the Ohio
with the detachment are-Msor j. s. Simmons, Major c.
t. Ruff, Lieut. Col. Porter, Capt. Morris, Capt. King,
Lieuenanls G. n Gordan, l.. Jones, j. May, and DR. L.
H. Holden Several OF these gentlemen accompanied
by their families--Sf LOUIS Union
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26
ny DYER * MCGUIRE, Auctioncers.

VALUABLE FARM AT AUCTIoN.-We shall sell that vauab,
farm known OAK Grove, auction, Saturday, the 2
July l55l O'Clock, the premises, situated TWO miles
aud half from Georgetown and four miles and half from The city
by the Long Bridge and Gravel Turn
Balls which containing
22 acres, beautifully situated gradual the south
'front.' one cul,S and well
supplied with fruit The containing about fifteen
beautiful growth Of oak timber not surpassed by any In the
vicinity OF the District
The buildings block and log stable, with well
upon eminence
tended large of foreground.
opportunity the purchaser for beautiful
country being short distance
contemplated plank road from
pass H. Amer the Of the land
will be offered horses and harness. with all the farming
utensis-such poughs, harrows, SC.
third purchase money In cash the
balance satisfactorily secured, bear
interest.
Tile indisputable, DYER h MCGUIRE,
July l0-eod&ds Aacuoneers,
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26

NAvAL--The old ship Franklin, which has been used
as receiving ship at the Charlesiown navy yard for
number of years past left Tuesday morning Tor Ports
mouth for the purpose Of testing the qualities OF the new
dock at that navy-yard,
Inc United States steam frigate Susquhdnno, Com.
John a. Anlick, Capt VIM. Inman, from Norfolk. June
Tor MO de Jansiro and the East Indies spoken
me l5h June IN latitude "a deg 10 min NJ Longitude 81
deg 80 MN w, and the letter bags received from her.
which were forwarded to the United States by mail from
Quebec, where the vessel arrived which spoke her The
sloop ofwar Portsmouth,, lately returned from the coast
Of Africa, went into the dry dock at Chare.own Mas
sachuses, on the 10th instant and will be fitted for sea
with all despatch
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26
spsc,sI Mail to lilo and Valparaiso.

We learn that the Pacific mail steamship Golden Gate
will be despatched from New York for the Pacific, at
noon the LIST Of August next; and are authorized
by the Post Office Department TO say that she will take
mails. TO be made up at New York, for both Rio de ia.
metro and Valparaiso. at which places she will touch on
her passage In this particular instance, the mail will
be conveyed to its destination by United States packet
the snge-letter postage will be twenty CENTS and the
newspaper postage two cents EACH either place--in
both cases to be prepaid
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1851-07-26
By DYER ~ MCGUIRE, Auctioneers.

IMPORTANT SALE OF REAL ESTATE IN THE CITY OF
i WASHINGTON AT AUCTIoN.-on Monday, August II, at
O'clock the premises shall sell that OF three
buildings known Union Buildings
morrill, between 9Th and l4h fronting Penn
ylvania described the plat No. s.
No 25l 20 feet front street and l59 feet deep
IL, l30
buildings Offices ground floor, large
the second and third back buildings
which, together with locaon
Tabe with comparative uihng be
fc hotel for which better site be found
this city.
extensive printing and book binding establishment
printing having there
and the facilities for manufacturing purposes
affords unusual opportunity for capitalists safe and pro
BILE investment
Immediately property the
following lots will be offered: