Burlington hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1845-185?, 1850-04-04

acherished institution in that quarter; no evil, no
scourge but great religious, social and moral hes.
sing as think have heard it lstterly describeda
suppose this, sir,is owing to the sudden uprising
ana RAPID growth OF the cotton plantationt OF the
south. SO far as any motive OF honor, justice, -
general judgment could act, ii was the cotton il,
| terest that gave new desire to promote slayervi
to spread il and to its labor. again -s.v that
| that was produced by the causes which ve r.u.e
always expect to produce like effects; their vhole
| interests became connected with 1t. II We look
back to the history Of the commerce of this coun.
| try at the early years of this Government, what
| were our exports? Cotton hardly, or but to .
| very limited extent, known. The tables will shoys
that the exports OF cotton for the years 1920 and
were not more than forty or fifty thousand doliaIa
year. II has gone on increasing rapidly until il
may now, perhaps, in a season Of great product and
nigh prices amount to hundred millions Of dollars,
In the years have mentioned there was more q
wax, more OF indigo, more OF rice. more Of almost
every article OF export from the South than Of cot
| ton. Think have heard II said, when Mr. Jay me-
goated the treaty OF 1894 with England, he did NOT
know that cotton exported at all from the Uni-
ted States; and have heard it said that after the
Treaty which gave to the United States the right -
carry their own commodities to England in their
own ships, the custom house in London refused to
admit cotton, upon an allegation that il could not
| be an American production, there being, NJ thex
supposed, no cotton raised in America. They would
hardly think so now
Well, sir, we know wha. followed. The age Of
rem. 1t gratified their desire for Improvement and
accumulation at the time that texcied Il. The
| desire grew by what 1t fed upon, and there sooA
came to be IN eagerness for other territory, new
area or new areas for the cultivation Of the cotton
| crop, and measures leading to this result were
brought about rapidly, after another, under thA
I lead OF Southern men at the head Of the Govern.
ment, they having majority in both branchss to
accomplish their ends. The honorable member
| from Carolina observed that there has been ma
JorIty all along in favor Of the North. n thst b
true, sir, the North has acted either VERY literally
and kindly, or very weakly for they never exer-
csed that majority five times in the history oGtha
| Government. Never. Whether they were out,
generaed, or whether it owing to other causes,
shall not stop to consider, but no man acquainted
with the history of the country can DENY, that the
general lead in the politics of the country for three
fourths Of the period that has elapsed since the -
doption OF the Constitution, has been q Southern
lead In 1902, in pursuit Of the idea OF opening
new cotton region, the United States obtained q
ceSsion from Georgia Of the whole of her Western
territory now embracing the rich and growing state
OF Alabama. In 1903 Louisiana, was purchased
from France, out Of which the States OF Louisians
Arkansas and Missouri have been framed, - slave
holding States. In 1919 the cession of F7orida wa6
made, bringing another cession of slaveholdink
property and territory. Sir. the honorable member
from South Carolina thought he in certain op-
erations of the Government, such as the manner or
collecting the revenue and the tendency Of thoae
measures to promote emigration into the country,
what accounts for the more rapid growth OF the
growth not the operation OF time but OF the system
Of government established under this stitution.
That rs matter of opinion. To certain extent
II may be so; but 1t does seem to me that IL any
operation of the Government could be shown in any
degree to have promoted the population, and growth
and wealth of the North, it is much more sure that
there are sundry important and distinct operations
of the Government, about which no man can doubt,
terrng to promote, and which absolutely have pro-
mUted, the increase Of the slave interest and the
slave territory Of the South. Allow me To cav that
It was not time that brought in Louisiana; it wa1
the act of men. 1t not time that brought in
Florida; il was the act of men. And lastly, sr, to
complete those acts of men which have contributed
. xDssA ts-eainry thsNeAasaa tn sphnannREAna
III stitutioh Of slavery. ssrress ~ vssss.A q
limitahie Texas. was added to the Union slave
State in 1886 and that, sir, pretty much closed the
whole chapter and settled the whole account. TnSt
closed the whole chspter--that settled the whole
account, because the annexation Of Texas upon the
conditions and under the guarantees upon which
she admitted, did not leave acre or land. c..
pabe of being cultivated by slave labor, between
this Capitol and the Rio Grande or the Nueces, or
whatever is the proper boundary Of Texas-not m
acre, not one. From that moment tine whole coun-
try from this place to the western boundary OF Tex
was fixed pledged, fastened, decided, to be slave
territory forever, by the solemn guarantees Of law.
And now say, sir, as the proposition upon which
stand this day, and upon the truth and 1rmness OF
which intend to act until it is overthrown, that
there is not at at this moment within The United
States, or any territory Of the United States, sim
gle foot OF land the character of which in regard to
its being free soil territory slave territory, IL
not fixed by some law, and some irrepeslble law,
beyond the power of the action Of this Government.
Now. is ii not so with respect to Texas? why, IL
is most manifestly so. The honorable member from
South Carolina, at the time of the admission ofTex-
as, held an important post in the Executive Depart
ment Of the Government; he Secretary Of State.
Another eminent person OF great activity and T..
droiness in affairs, mean the late Secretary OF the
Treasury, (Mr WakerJ was leading nemkes -Of
this body and took the lead in the business OF
nexatoh; and must say that they did their busi-i
ness faithfully and thoroughly; there was botch
left in it. They rounded il off, and made close
joiner-work as ever was put together. Resolutions
Of annexation were brought into Congress ftly join
ed together-compact, firm, efficient, conclusive
upon the great Object which they have view, and
those resolutions passed.
Allow me to read the resolution. II IA the third
clause of the second secon of the resolution Of the
1st March, ls45, for the admission of Texas, which
applies to this part OF the case. That clause rsaes
i'll these words: - - s+-. -. ~
anew States, of convenient size, not exceeding
four IN number, in addition to said State Of Texas,
ana having sufficient pulation, may hereafter, By
the consent Of said States be formed Of the Ter
rtory thereof, which shall be entitled to admission
under the provisions of the Federal Constitution.
And such States as may be formed out Of that por-
tiono said Territory lying south Of thirty six de-
grees thirty minutes north latitude, commonly
known as the Missouri compromise line, shall be
admitted into the Union with or without slavery,
the people of each State asking admission may de-
sire; and in such State States shall be fornsf
out Of sald Territory north Of said Missouri COM
promise line, slavery involuntary seyvitude {ex
cePt for crfme) shall be prohibited" @- -
Now what is here stipulated, enacted, secured?
1t is, that all Texas south of Sc deg. 30m, whichis
nearly the whole of il, shall be admitted into the
Union as slave State. 1t was slave State, and
therefore came in a slave State, and the gusIan-
ty is that new states shall be made out OF II, and
that such States formed Out OF that portion
of Texas lying south Of 36 deg. Som. may come in
slave States to the number Of four, in addition
to the State then in existence, and admitted s that
time by these resolutions. know no form Of leg
islation which can strengthen that. kLoW Eer
moce ofrecoghiton that can add title Of weigh.'hE
1t. listened respectfully 10 tho resolutions OF
my honorable fricnS from Tennessee, fMr Bell.t
He proposed to recognise that stipulation with
Texas. ButaRy additional recognition wohid wsa-
ken the fuIce Of because it stands here on The
ground of q contract, thing done for consideTa-
ton. II is law founded On a contract with Texas
and designed to carry. that contract into effect. A
recognition fOunfsd hot on any consideration, or
any contract, ould not be SO strong as II now
stands on the fece Of the resolution. Now know
10 way, canlidly confess, in which this Govern
ment, acting in good faith, as trust II always Will
can feltpse itself ON that stipulation and pie dge,
by any bone st course oflegisiaion hsteSeT. And,
therefore, say again that, far as Texas Is con-
cffhed--the whole Of Texas south OF 80 deg. 30m,
" hich suppose embraces oil the slave terEitory~
there is land, not acre, the character OF which
is not established by law, law which cannot be
repealed without the violation OF a contract, ant
lain disregard Of the public faith. .ta.
hope, sir, II is now apparent that my PROPOSE
tiOn, far Texas ned. u.air~