Weekly national intelligencer., 1850-11-02

this first experience Of the results of bad conduct seldom fails
to produce reformation Let that however, be il
they eagerly sought for in Sbe and could not be there
easily dispensed with. ID s however, essay would NOT
undertake TO recommend IN France, because regard our
criminals far too obduras justify the experiment But to
return to those Of Russia IL probable that bad examples and
evil counsels have had great influence the greatest num-
be and that vice not really dsepooied in their hearts,
and that only necessary TO separate them from the
of their dereicon, and place them in position where
mild discipline gave them and encouragement Of
amendment ,a
After eight years Of service these domsstes may If ii suits
hem quit the service in which they had been thus long
ployed or they may remain and thence receive the full
amount of their wages Many Of them marry and become
shop-keepers or traders s
The convict aboe compose the fourth Glass; and serve
the uucutvaed frontiers of Siberia in clearing up the
lands and bringing into cultivation the naturally fertile SOIL
The necessary enable them form establishments are
advanced by the Government to be repaid in small sums
the proceeds Of their industry supply the Their labor
when arriving at the place Of their destination, is
cabins for their residence All the necessary material for the
purpose grautousy placed their disposal by the admin
saton Of tho colony farming implements supplied from
the During the first year they and their families
fed and warmed in the manner ought also, sir
inform you that the Government by very wise measure
admit this class Of farmers only those who appear
individually worthy Of the indulgence but beside that they
are married persons The Government appears have felt
what is profoundly true, that the principle of village is not
fulfilled only by union Of hands but by union of families
The result that the greatest number OF the convcs thus
placed and who already married their arrival in
Siberia, solicit the permission to marry and thus
nage and rural occupations operate complete divorce
from all occasions of bad conduct and in great msjor
y Of the Of entire reformation
When the time of their entire freedom arrives the consics
enter in the class of colons with all the rights of holding
property in land and passing it by hereditary right under the
principles, vigorously speakns which serve to pass from
serf to citizen. n
As TO the fifth class that Of invaids persons beyond
sixty years of age have but few words to say They
dispesred the communes where they employed in
such services they perform The communes charged
with their support and oversight
From the preceding you may see, sir, the picture have
skeched has nothing very repusve in its features The in
enons of Russian power in the establishment OF this penal
SYSTEM evidently what have stated in the commence
of this communication Were to mpute blame to the
SYSTEM would attach it rather the overmldness than gor
The Of all the convcs conded the autho
ty established for that purpose at Tobolsk There are num-
Der of inspectors who charged make continual visits to
Siberia and watch and maintain good orer and
cuary take that youth receive proper education and
that strict legal Justice be meted to all They to receive
the complaints of the convcts examine their demands and
according to their conduct soften their fate, and pass them
from class to another would appear If the Govern
ment Of Russia regarded the long pilgrimage performed on
many PROVINCES and subject to the gaze OF null
udes cowdng the great roads to the passage Of the
sad column, good part repaaton sufficient for the
cme and that when arrived in Sbeathe condemned are no
longer criminals to punish, but colonists to maintain and
place in the road to liberty and Penyto marry and become
citizens.
II is thus that the colony of Siberia is continual in
that lands uncuvated since the creation cleared
and covered with harvess houses and towns, and Russian
nation extending in ASIA What was principle OF disorder
her European Provinces has become of life and
pey in her Eastern provinces II is remarked how promptly
the recent emgans mingle with the Indigenous inhabitants
To all these consong effects the exceptions are rae and the
convcts-now colonists-orge and their children forget
do all the world Beside the Of their establishment in
these distant regions.
The chain of convics in most depart weekly from
the chief of the Prefecture Every thing arranged to
receive them their route Cazan Each band escorted
guardians of the public places of supply and make gene
rally from twenty thirty oueen twenty miles
Engsh) per day. Houses of supply have at proper dis
apart been constructed where at the public expense
provision has been made for and all needu necessaes
Those who fall sick otherwise rendered unfit to pro-
ceed their route conveyed the nearest prison until
they die. The superannuated and invads are
conveyed to their destination in carriages at the expense OF
The Province. Men and proceed in separate columns
and ae permitted to have any communication with each
other. II is supposed that the number Of women transport
ID to Siberia from Russia compared to men, is about one to
i've.
The wiveof convcs free attend their husbands to
their place of ex and though by the laws of the empire the
wife may if she chooses dissolve her marriage contract and
marry another husband, is very frequently seen that the
wife with her children courageousy perform this long and
painful journey. The examples very Of any woman
Russia availng herself of the legal permission to which
have alluded and nothing equal this conugal fidelity
if is its touching simplicity. Women and children Of
the convcs who attend the husband and father to his place
Of exile conveyed at the expense Of the Government
would rejoice have it in my power to state the num-
Der annually into exe but have sought in vain to
obtain the proper data To obtain such information is the
difficult from the fact already stated that the convics
after the termination Of their legal service, free, and
hencefoh in nowse dslngushabe from other peasants
Of the Crown.
In conclusion, however, may state that from the best
of information afforded by Russian satists, Sibe
ria is annually recruited by from fifteen to twenty thousand
inhabitants At the first glance this would appear large
number but when we compare with the immense regions
of fertile deserts awaiting human babtaon and culture, the
number is reduced to very limited supply.
Translated by WILLIAM DARBY.
NoTE--The idea is very that the attention OF
Russia the extension Of her power and influence into Asia
has been comparatively recent On the 4h of April 1892
E. Isbanel des Russian ambassador sent by Peter the
Great out and visited China and returned to Eroue and
made his report detailed description Of China was writ
ten by member Of this embassy, English translation Of
which is in the hands Of Mr. Peter Force, Of this cyW D.
FOREIGN ITEMS.
Commander FoRsrTH, r. NJ, who has lately returned in
the Prince Albert from his search for Sir John Franklin,
rived at Portsmouth October H. from London to have an in