Weekly national intelligencer., 1850-11-09
THE TURKISH EMPIRE.

immediate predecessor. From internal evidence
presume that the article was written by Mr..
BRowN, who is accompanying AMIN BEY on his
tour of inspection through this country. The fol-
lowing extract win be read with interest:
But half century ago The Turkish Sultan knew moth.
ing Of reform, its He sought for lnorma
don with nothing connected with the world which surround
ed him. Exercising absolute power himself all the greater
officers Of his Government especially those who governed
distant and great Provinces could condemn the object OF their
iii will TO endless imprisonment or to the loss OF hs They
received no salaries but profted by the length Of
the Of their offices TO force from the people unde
them much wealth practicable From their decress
there appeal and The system Of oneness in matters OF
authority pervsded the whole Ottoman Government The
results form Of Government readily be conceived
All brancheso industry withered beneath its influence What
were in former years foushBg parts Of the world
the beautiful plains of Asia Minor wasted before
the greedy hands OF the despot With an agriculture limited
70 the daily of the er OF the SOIL commerce could
have material, substance, which TO exist. Manu-
followed only far to meet the necessities 81
each household and the people engaged In public IN
dusiry sought introduce improvements from Europe,
the sovereign considered il sufficient motive neglect to
encourage the But few other schools existed than those
" of correction, ard all the Of education within the
reach of the youth of Turkey oen the bgoted and
super stitious minds of the imaum and the priest.
Among the institutions first paronzed by the present young
Sultan medical academy erected in the heart
of Pera where the natives and all the respectable Euro
Of the capital located contains equal num-
her of paid students, (it being military footing taken
from among the Mussulman, Jew, Greek, Armenian, and
Catholic Of the empire They four hundred
in number The students each receive education which
fits them for other positions of ability than hose of the ply
cian and the surgeon. They taught French and the
Italian languages, and all the ordinary branches Of knowledge
The religious eudces of the Jew respected they are
politely denomnated Mosesfe and treated equally well
with the Christians. They have their butcher and
kitchen, and the for their apart from that
of the other pupils. The Sultan himself pesides ex
animation when those who have passed through the
fnaia o1 IN tho diupiy yofa
Of the students Of this academy the OF foreigners who
have been for length Of time the service OF the Snan
or who, dying n his empire have left their orphans depen
dant the bounty of the sovereign whom they had served
The professors Of the academy mostly French and Ger
For several wears past there has been military academy
the city, founded originally by the late Sultan con-
about the number of cadets the pupils OF the
medical school, These all Mussumans The instructors
officers of the French army The present Sultan has
erected and extensive academy, with large
library and hall for scientific experiments. 1t contains one
of Professor Moses magnetic elegapbs and its experiments
made between the academies for the instruction OF
the pupils Of botn establishments.
The standing army Of the Sultan is composed of about
10000 They divided into six corps, viz in Al
bania, Roumea the Capital Syria, Bagdad, and Arabia,
and another is being formed the Danube, the
Hungarian frontier. 1t is composed OF and commanded
wholly by Mussulmans. And while mentioning this pecu
afity Of the military law of Turkey, may be added that,
the period of the Of the earliest Caphs
Christians have been held military service in Ma
homedan armies When subjected to the rule of the Caphs
the Sutans, they paid tax, which exempted them from
all military duties and this rule still exists in the Ottoman
Empire.
The naval arsenal of the Sultan has long possessed
academy, with four hundred pupils Of various class
es all Mussumans Some of the instructors Europeans
but the greater Mussumans of qualifications
The inner part Of the Golden Horn forms perhaps the
barbor in the world and the extensive. The Sutans
navy composed Of from eighty ninety vessesof three
deckers IL seventyfous Is gates corvettes % briggs
and 6 of q 45O
and IA others OF Some OF the best OF these
ships built by Americans, Of New York, the late H.
Eckfcrd and F. Rhodes
Steamers belonging the Sultan and bis officers ply be-
Conaninope and the Southern shores Of the Black
Sea- Asia Minor Syria, the Islands of the Archipelago, and
Saionca and through these facilities for travel spirit
for knowledge and inquiry sprngiDg up among the most
distant parts of the Empire Steam doing for the
East the wonders has effected other parts the world and
though often proves pro6ess its undertakers fails
benefit the people of the countries which connects The
Persia around the Southern shores the Black Sea
curtaed oneha by line Of steamers to Tebiezond and
the of sprung up with that country and
Messopotama is but little known merchants. 1t is
wholly in the hands of the English.
Many OF the benevolent institutions established in
Cons aninope by the present Sultan hospitals for every
class and denomination of his subjects His mother has
erected one Of character the site Of
racks Of the anssses who destroyed by her late hus
band used place of refuge for poor females, Mus
sumans, Christian, Jew and its benefits the miserable
particularly those Of the latter peope-are incalcuable
Each Of the barracks Of the army and navy have their appro
pirate hospitals Some of these erected according
archec Of Europe, and ornamental useful to the
capital.
The houses of Consannople, mostly Of wood, fire.
queny laid in ashes from fires of extent quite unknown
the United States The losses there calculated by
thousands Of houses in place of ves Tens 10 recy this
the being wdened, and all houses Of
than two stories required be of stone whilst those
within that pastercd externally between every
fh house high wall is erected and this is found Of
much service in checking confagratons. With such regu
laon. beneficial changes will be made in the great and
cent capital Of the East.
The most important change which the present Sultan has
effected in his country i'm the administration of its Govern
men Long since be renqushed in formal manner, with
the foreign diplomatic corps and all his higher officers Of
State Witnesses all despotc Of his subjects
de also up forever the right of inheritance which his
jorefathes possessed all his people, who held their lands
and enements under feuda granted them BY the sue
the Sultan who conquered Turkey from the Greeks
Al the time b. deprived all his Governors and Ministers
OF Slate Of the power Of coDdemnng any one to DEATH and
required all capital sentences to be subj 10 his sanction At
me present time Zach Pscha governing province has
nm local cnunc, composed Of equal number of the
suans subjects Of every denomination These all try cases
not purely religious which, occurring between MussuI
mans must be decided by the Imaum Csdi Cases of |
~commercis nature tried by this council upon code
f,rmed from tta, Of Napoleon" All officers ef his Gov
eminent are saaed, and cases Of injustice oppression
now as rare in other countries.
At the capital is tribunal Of commerce. formed Of the
most respectable foreign merchants established there which
all occurring in the Provinces appeal they may
from there, be carried before Supreme Council Of State
which sits daily at The Sublime Porte :; and petition 10
the Sultan bmsei open TO the humbest sui ect mar
hQ deems bun OF herself wronged. This is Ireouen,v re-