The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-09

ate and vote taken, there would be am instanta-
neous response against it,
Mixed up with these several points were others
of aggressions and encroachments &C., by the
North upon the South. The year 1885 named
Specifically as the period when this system of ag
gressions commenced He alluded to the fact that
in 1886, one year after the 'snorthern aggressons
commenced, treaty was passed in the Senate, and
by o-third vote, including of course majority
off northern Senators, wherebya large territory
made free by the Missouri compromise, was added
10 Missouri and made slave territory. majority
Of the Senate voted to pay the Indians for the terri
tory, and two'thirds OF the Senate voted for the
treaty driving the Indians back and increasing the
of slavery, by adding to Missouri the territory
which now constitutes SIX large counties in that
State. This was done by northern votes. Yet he
knew that the people of the north disturbed
man in his seat in the Senate for voting for that
treaty This showed that the abolition societies and
other organizations at the north in 1885 had not
that immense influence attributed To them. This
was great fact and required an answer.
He nextauded TO the annexation ofTexas, which
extended the of slave territory. Texas had
been given away, in 1919, by southern admins
tration, and was got back by northern votes After
these facts, he asked, how could the North be
charged with design against slavery in the States,
when they have added all this territory to the
Of slave labor!
The actual Of slavery in the States has been
doubled since many Of those in the Senate had en-
tered public life Many Of the slaveholding States
practically circumscribed, in their agricutu-
raj limits, by the large Indian possessions Arkan-
sas, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, kentucky,
Georgia, and North Carolina, had large bodies of
Indians in their limits. The Indian titles have been
purchased by northern votes upon treaties; the In
dams have been driven of, and now slavery finds
employment for its laborers in every Of those
States By removing the Indians, large fields for
cotton heretofore in the possession of the Indians
have been thrown open 10 the slave owner.
This could never have been done without north
ern votes. What was reason or judgment for, il
the northern States to be charged with design
upon slavery in Alabama, from which they have
driven the Indian that the slave owners may till
every acre of its soE Are the North to be charged
in Mississippi with design upon that State, which
will lead to bloodshed and strife, from which State
the North removed the Choctaws that the slave
owner might enjoy the privilege of the whole soil
of the State? Are the North to be charged with a
design upon slavery in the States, when, by doing
nothing by setting quietly in their seats and say
ing no, they could have prevented slavery from
ever going into those Indian possessions These
facts We're sufficient to satisfy the country. No
committee was necessary.
Mr. b. said that Congress had not only not vio-
lated its constitutional powers by its legislation on
the subject of slavery, but had not acted up to the
full measure Of those powers. Congress had the
clear power Of direct taxation. 1t had been exer-
cised but twice They have the power to levy a
direct tax upon all property, including the slave
property in the States. If this done, what a
rich mine there would be for the tax gatherer!
Such measure would receive no support in Con-
gresS, or out oil bul IL went 10 snow, tnat IL
the majority had any design to Cypress and annoy
the slave States, here clear and constitutional
power given them to do SO. And no other mea-
sure could be so harassing as this.
He then proceeded to consider the objections
urged against the admission of California. The
first was, that she had formed State govern
ment without any previous action by Congress
authorizing her SO to do. He cited the cases Of
Vermont in 1871, Kentucky in 1892, Tennessee in
1876. Maine in 1920, Arkansas in 1886, Michigan
in 1887, Florida in lS45, and Iowa in lS46--alI of
whom admitted into the Union without any
previous law by Congress authorizing them to form
State governments. These he considered as evil
dences that Congress has plenary power over the
subject of the admission of new States, and that
this objection has been overlooked eight times in
period of sixty years-overlooked in period run
ming back to the time of Washington and the days
of the fathers of the Constitution.
Another objection was, that there were aliens in
California; similar objection made in the
case of Michigan. At that time Congress looked
at the constitution of Michigan, and finding no
alienism in it, overlooked the objection. The con-
stituton of California had alienism in tit was
an American constitution.
The third objection was, that there was not popu-
lation sufficient. From the best information, he
supposed that there in California 100 900 male
adults. In making calculations, IL always
taken that out OF every six persons, including
women and children, there was one male adult In
California they had the 100, 900 male adults but
not the women and children. But, he considered
il as true any law Of gravitation discovered by
Sir Isaac Newton, that the sexes would meet to-
gether; and that wherever there were 100 900 fine
manly adults, proper number Of women and chill
dren would shortly be found
He compared the boundaries Of California and
her territorial extent with those Of Texas and main
tanned that California could not be divided. Deduct
her mountains and irreclaimable lands, and her
soil adapted 10 cultivation not exclusive as
that of Missouri or Illinois.
The next objection be would say was a non &C.
qsrifiu. Ii was the interference Of the President.
~. had stf,r
President But if there had been, what had that
70 do with the rights Of the people Of California;
These were the objections which had been urged
against the admission Of California. OF them, Of
late, but little had been heard. Something else
has sprung up, superseding all other reasons bring
ing the admission Of California 10 question Of life
and death to the Union. Efforts have been made 10
keep of the question Of her admission, which were
never made in the case Of any other State. Mr. b.
read from a report Of the remarks made on Friday
last by Mr.. CLAY, urging the reference Of the va
rious subjects TO the select committee and that the
most speedy way 10 attain the admission Of Calfor-
MIA 10 unite in one bill provisions for her adj
mission and provisions for territorial governments
for Utah and New Mexico; also, that he (Mr. Claw
thought this from considerations which occurred TO
him from events transpiring daily. Mr.. b. could
not agree with the senator. lie wished 10 know
from that Senator what IL was that impelled him to
think this the surest safest, and most expeditions
mode Of securing the admission Of California.
lie would not consent 10 such course for any
first, consult the most speedy mode afterwards.
lie then advocated the admission Of California on
account Of considerations growing out Of her an
omalous position. lie considered her in the posi-.
ton Of young housekeeper, with money TO go
10 market, and no neighbor from whom TO Dor
row IL.
II was now proposed 10 send back her bill 10 a
committee, 10 be mixed up with subjects Of which
she has washed her hands. He alluded 10 the
5000 900 due 10 the people Of California and which
cannot be paid 10 Der because she IL not yet adj
mitied or recognised a State; TO the losses sus-
tained for the want Of proper oficers-such
sayers, &c. He earnestly hoped the Senator from
Illinois would perseyere in his motion 10 take up
the California bill.
lie alluded 70 the fears expressed by Mr.. CLAY,
that II the admission Of California az a separate
measure was insisted on, opposition would
be created which might ultimately defeat the pas
sage Of any bill for that purpose; and said that the
fact that such an opposition could be raised
why he should vote 10 keep tia separate inca
sure.
lie read from tho Farewell Address Of Washing
ton that portion abiding TO schemes and formation
OF parties 10 check, rule, and govern The action Of
any Of the departments Of the Government, warn
ing them against all such measures, and 10 beware
Of those who directed them. Any opposition like