The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-05-12


The Death Of Mr.. Calhoun-His Charaeter-Ihs
State of Franes-Policy of England a~d Russia
Paris a~d ITS Gope,nment-Prxssia and Aws-
tyta--Ih< Corn Latos IN Englawd-CSba, Spain,
Englawd a~l Rxssia.
The death Of the great Senator of the United
States has been felt by all kindred spirits, the
exit Of q mighty master from. the world. In the
highest regions of thought and study-in the broad
est fields of action and the profoundest depths of
truth and philosophy, alike the chief the mentor
the dscoverer. John c. Calhoun had no superior
among his countrymen, of all eras; and no equals
among his contemporaries, of all nations. For
twenty years, his true and lofty genius sat above
the presidency, and guided the vessel of State, as
the helmsman upon ship tossing on an unknown
sea, or approaching dangerous coast takes her
destiny entirely out Of the captains hands As
statesman, and writer and orator, his excellence
was supreme. That he gave politics in the Union
his own direction, for nearly quarter OF century,
will be less the verdict of posterity than that
he did 30 by moral and intellectual resources, ade
Quate to all that transcendent honor. The legal
opinions of MIR. Calhoun, delivered from every sta
ton he occupied, are at once models of argument
and of dicton. They have triumphed over the most
resoiute and repeated oposition questioned, denied,
denounced, it only possible for the most gifted
and united attacks that ever encountered the advance
Of an American statesman, to suspend their accept
ance for the moment They have all been after
wards adopted and will go down, doctrine and dis
course together to the latest posterty as models OF
written and spoken composition. He reads better
in the cloeet OF scholar and patriot, than Burke
or Chatham; and he exercised an oratorical COM
mand over the august body 10 which he belonged,
10 hich the former never and the latter not always,
attained. Indeed, though not his greatest quality,
the oratory of Mr.. Calhoun was probably never ex,
ceeded in attracting, as IT never was cqualled in
copy of his life and speeches. 1t has been said
that Mr.. Calhoun was sectional; but there is abun-
dani preo TO the contrary and the only true charge
that score, TO which he is vulnerable, this that
he respected entirely and always the federal con-
stituton. His ambition was 10 understand, AID
explain, and enforce that document, which he so
truly interpreted, according to It's terms. Toevade
them, was not less difficult for him than futile for
others. Free trade, low duties, divorce OF State
and bank, and respect for the constitution, his
creed, including the issue of Congressional power
the Territories. He asserted the rights Of the
slave States under the constitution, and he even
went the length Of indicating slavery as the best
adjustment Of the claims Of capital and the rights
of labor. In the very midst of a crisis resting on
this controversy, his death is announced. II is
not impossible that the melancholy event may
make possible an easier compromise between the
opposite and almost hostile sections of the Union
of that Union for whose honorable continuance
there is no doubt DIR. Calhoun would have volun-
tarily laid down lis weight of years and honors.
Whether Mr.. Calhoun as sectional or not, it is very
vance Of it-and the Heraids account of his con-
versations, proves that he was not afraid of that
advance. Both his admirers and his opponents
will have probably an opportunity to ascertain whe-
ther his distrust Of change was sound; and they
will all probably feel the effects Of changes they do
not new anticipate, and which will DIVIDE them
on new issue OF this very question OF capital and
labor.
Nothing can be more inevitable than that
throughout Europe, and that almost immc-
distely, the old relations between the great
Of
up; and observers do not further than
the surface if they suppose that the effects of
the agitation which prevails in Europe will
be confined TO Europe. When il traverses the At.
laniio and eTeeis It's tribunes in all the seaside
capitals, IL will be aseertaned whether the convic-
tons of the employers of New England and New
York profound as their professions. MI
Calhoun was not in nding the institution
of slavery by raking up the condition OF the opera
tves of Lowell and the paupers of Boston. Will
his agonists adhere to all their conclusions when
the white lGborer requires that the true state Of his
relation TO the capitalist shall be made known and
altogether changedl There are certain fundamen-
tai principles o. universal application.
Immense ornaments continue TO be pushing far
ther and farther towards this side OF the continent;
but their destination is not this country. Switzer-
land and Turkey, on either hand, were 10 be the
immediate prey Of England and Russia, in virtue OF
the pact OF the Thieves Alliance against democra-
cy aud its friends. But having subordinated both
these asylums, and succeeded in chasing the French
and Italian patriots into obscure retreats, OF
Sultan 10 shutup kossuth and the Hungarian exiles,
the Paris election of the 10th March has made the
invasion Of France necessity. Despotsm or re-
publcaDism must die in Europe The hutocrat,
under whose ensign the former advances, IL muster
ing his beastly my midons, Of all nations, and glut-
ting his treasury with British gold, as TO present
himself IN the course OF q month"; al the frontier of
France, for the purpose OF saving society on that
precious pretcAt of-ofdcr. Poland has been more
than once redeemed by this Periidous savior, and
u is now almost twenty years since the grass grew
under the horses feet Of a new Ata, and the same
kind Of order reignes in the streets OF Warsaw
There is halt IN the counsels of the Thieves Al
lance, until the next Pans election of the 2Sth
April. They seek, with the completely of the
French government, either to carry their candidate
20 prevent altogether the scruting. And they
viii be very AZ; 70 succeed, IN one way orr the other,
IN defeating the republicans. There are no lengths
in force and oppression 10 which they have not al
ready gone, one would suppose but they will go fur
further Tor the purpose OF bnng about collision or
defeat Of the people. They have seized the PcuPie
seven times they have made IN every way,
Also upon the other organs Of liberal opinions-the
Prose- and the Ertne'neHf especially. The Project
Of Police arbitrarily allows the sale Of the M0li-
tor du Soir. the Gaseff, ds Fiancs andthe Pafrs.
all monarchists but forbds all others from the
same sale In the streets, and has sczed the ErenS
,ncut in wine shops and IN reading rooms
There petence that the these papers have vio-
lated the Law by anything in their columns bat that
they have night TO be sold except TO subscribers
Accordingly, these journals take weekly subscnp-
tons, and deliver at the residence. The police also
discnmnatcs between the post bills ~ the monar-
chists and the republicans the former are printed
without siamps-the latter required TO pay stamp
duty and be stamped. The places of meeting are
ell shut up on various pretcnccs and the right
tingushed. Laws are prepared az the suggestion
of the English coaspiraiors at Pars, for stamp duties
on newspapers, and for excessive deposits o
caution money. These await the election. Gu the
Loire at Sauinur the cry OF Tire IN Rsgubi3He. was
made the occasion Of charge with the hayonet
and sabre on the crowd and nearly 300 soldiers Of
the eleventh regiment Of African chasseurs were
drowned and impalcd upon their own bayonets at
Anglers, by the giving way Of the bridge, in order
10 avoid the same cry from the inhabitants. In an
swer TO all these horrors the army responds as IL did
al the last election. A few results Of the army
vote have arrived al Paris from the departments,
and the rank and BILE unanimous; and there are
very few of the officers but vote the same democra-
tic ticket The army foibids a oOpyf otot.
These measures OF police, az they are called,