Washington telegraph., 1850-01-09
c;ar,o he ;nd;spensable.

c.-rth
w ,nastsrs connected with commerce, the n
e'n0' aud revenues, | refer 10 the report OF the
ean eeaore,ary of the Treasury
W. direct aid has been given by the general
w ,,ent TO the Improvements OF Agriculture.
sn, bv the expenditure OF small sums Tor ,he
T,p,;on and publication of agricultural stat's-
co"eo"d co",d for some chemical, analysis, which have
@ W., Inns far paid for out OF the fatent iuno.-
%'';. aid is in my o,inion wholly inadequate 10
:o N this leading branch OF American iho"s'Fs
give o,ragement which it merits. L respect
the en'o ommepd the establishment of an Agricul
fu'y p,roan to be connected with th" Depart
tur", Ds,ba Interior To elevate the social con-
nie" or the aprculturist, to increase his prosper
uit'o 90 extend his means of usefulness to his
ny y',rv bv multiplying his sources OF information
co"I cIJ he the study OF every statesman and pri-
s"o. Or,, object of every Legislature
MAJ a;vI government having been provided by
',,rszs for CALIFORNIA; the people OF that terri
W., ;mnell,d by the necessities oil their po'ltical
"I;,ion. recently met in conventions iof the pnf-
cor forming a constitution anr State Govern-
pose ,,h;ch the latest advices give me reason
ihVn., has been accomplished, and it is beev-
~ 'Ir ha,, will shortly apply for the admission OF
~ " rc,r,;a into the Union as sovereign State
SII such be the case, and should their uolsti-
: ha conformabe TO the Iequlsltions OF the
suuV" States. recommend their application to
ra,orabe consideration OF Congress.
'he r," nsone of New Mexico will also, it is be-
- =, no very distant PERIOD preset Mt themselves
,an,ission into the Union. Preparatory to the
i,,ssion Of California aud New meAco' Tue
Of each will have instituted for themselves
pp,nrbi;can form of government laying Its for
,;o, in such principles, and organizing its pow
"'' .,,.b forms as to them shall seem most likev
. or.ct their safety and happiness
py awaiting Their action, all causes OF uheas'-
ba avoided, and confidence and kind
III established With view Of maintaining
,h. harmony and tranquility so dear to all, we
srorId abstain from the introduction OF those
ox.it,ng topics Of sectional CHARACTER, "h'c"
49, L7,herio produced painful apprehensIons IN
,to nnhIic mind, aud | repeat the solemn warning
"r the first and most lIustrious OF my predecessors
orainst furnishing any ground for characlerIzing
20 rt;ps bv geogrs phica! determinations
A Collector has been appointed at San Fran
,;soo nnder the act of Congress, extending the
rsysnue laws over California, and measures nave
hon taken to organize the custom houses at lbat
and the other points mentioned III thal ac'' t TIE
nr,;a.t n,rod practicable. The collector pro-
coded overland, and advices have not YET oeeh
roceived of his arrival at San Francisco Nieah-
,LIs !, ;s understood that the customs have con-
timed to be collected there by off1cers acting
mder The military authority, as they were during
the Administration of my predecessor II VIII,
! t,,,,k he expedieut to coutirm the collections
,b,S made and direct the avalls (alter slch al
Iouraocrs AS Congress may think to anih"rize,) to
h. axo.nd.d within the Territory, "r be paid INTO
the treasury for the purpose OF meeting aPpro-
priations for the improvement oil It's rivers ana
barbors. r.:
A partv engaged the coast survey was n's-
patched 10 OREGON III january 'as', <,I'o'u'''G
IN the latest advces tEey had not eii Cai!iofnia'
h4v bPpu to tnelI JlldJ Us
o,o, as they shall have fixed on the sites oil The
t,,, lichi -houses and the buoys authorized TO be
con.,rucled and placed in Oregon, TO proceed,
,hout DELAY to make reconnaissance OF lhe most
n,portant points oi the coast OF California, and
a>neciaIly to examine and to determine on sites
far IIy- houses on that coast, the speedy erection
of which is urgently demanded by our rapidly
increasing commerce.
80 transferred the Indian Agencies from
Inner Missouri aud Council biufs to Santa f.
and Salt Lake, aud have caused TO be appointed
sn,-,rpnts m the valleys OF Ga, the Sacramento
and San Ioaonlu rivers. Stlli farther legal pro-
y;i,n, w,lJ he necessary or the effective and sue
c,ssfuI existence Of cur system Il Indian inter
course over the new territories.
recommend the establishment OF Branch
Mint in California, as it will IN my opihion afford
,nor,anl facilities to those engaged III mining, rs
well as to The Government III the disposition ol the
mineral lands.
/ a,so recommend that Commissioners be or
canze6 by Congress to examine and decide upon
line validity of The present subsIsting land tites IN
c,irornla and New Mexico: ana tnat provision
ha ,u,I,. for the establishment OF offices OF sur
veyor General IN New MeXico, California aud
Dreyon: and ior the surveying and bringing INTO
mark # the public lands III those territories hose
lands remote in position aud ditiicult oil access,
oaght TO be disposed OF on terms lOerai TO All ou'
especially favorable to the early etngrants
In order that the situation aud character OF the
principal mineral deposits m alitofna may De
asc-r,ained. | recommend that geological and
mIueroloocal exploration be connected with the
linear surveys, and that the mineral lands BE-
divided INTO small lots suitable for mining, and be
dlsposad of py safe or lease ds 10 give our ctI-
zens AN opport anity of procuring permanent
rI1bt of property in the soil. Tns would seem 10
b.. as important TO the success oi INNING as oil
agricultural pursaits
'rbs urea, m;aeral wealth of California and the
ADVANTAGES which its ports end harbnrs, and those
Of Uregon afford TO Congress- especially with the
Islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans aud the
ponutous regIons of Easter, Asia, make it certain
that t.ere will arise IN d few years iargs anu
prosperous communities our western coasts
1t therefore becomes important that IA line OF
communication, the bsst and most expeditions,
which the nature of the countr, will admit, should
be opened within the territory of the United States.
from the navigabie waters OF the Atlantic or the
Gull of Meyco, to the Pacific. Opinlon, as So
lcited and expressed by two large and respectable
conventions, lately assembled at ST. LOUIS ana
Memphis. points to Railroad rs that which, II
practicabIe, will pest meet the wishes and wants
Of the country.
But while this, if in successful operation, would
be a work of great national Importance and "i "a
value to the country which it would be dilfcut TO
estimate, it ought also to be regarded as an under
taking of vast magnitude and expense, ana one
which must if it be indeed practicable. encounter
many obstacles in its construction ana use
Therefore, TO avoid failure and dlsappo'niinent' u
euabe Congress to judge whether IN the coho"'oi
of the country through which 1t might pass 'ne
work be feasible. and il it be so, whether II sl'ud
be undertaken as national improvement, or lett