The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1850-10-17

$50 ssiSSs4 i'iSs,sss 1874 Ss sita4
1919 losss2si I.7ss los 5i SLIGO lsS Sis as1
1855 sssisoss 4sisIsI 81 ss.. s IS sassss
1914 6yls3s55 6a767s l,5O5.2I7 5ss0I5 as
1919 75 iOOSS3 6SSlS6i IsC67s6 75ssil 6.O
1850. months, Il 200 350746 1929 All 1874 800
These very extraordinary results and Indicate the effect
Of free policy in extending the markets for clothing This
enormous increase In the consumption of TO-
clothing, will be borne in mind is in the face Of much
larger ratio of consumption by rival countries The United
States have made little progress in hax silk but in cot
ton and wool quite large that of England The weight
OF materials consumed in Great Britain 1877 552
TAO pounds in 1920 II pounds per head the popua
ton In 1919 II l04i 0s7 69 pounds 35 pounds per
head of the population Thus the weight of clothing in
creased go cent per head of the British islands, or
other words in centuries Of protection the manuac
reached onefth of what |, attained in twenty years
Of free trade, The history OF any manufacture is always
Instructive and those who regar it ia a national point OF
view show conclusively that protection sacrifices the
toaa to individual interests Early In the sixteenth cen
tury special privileges conferred upon woollen
features the expense oil woolgrowers and consumers
bur British wool allowed be exported until 1862 al
about which time may be said 10 have commenced the
ernational protective system British wool being pecu.
ary long staple, superior for manufacturing sup
posed wise prevent other nations from getting bold of It,
aud IL, export prohibited This prohibition continued
hundred and six-four years, being removed in 1926
In all the protective notions prevailed Thus
De Foe the author Of Robinson Crusoe, published week
y Review in l70S, lie protectonisf, as are most
dishonest PERSONS and he expressed the principle then
avowed as follows
"Thst il is national evil to have clothing cheap from
abroad rather than 10 manufacture IL dear at home"
This phrase is daily repeated in the protectonist
papers The woolgrowers petitoned William Ill to pre-
wooen manufacture in Ireland That ,cise prince re-
piled
shall do all that in me lies to discourage woolen man.
uacures in Ireland and encourage the linen
and to promote the trade OF England"
This the nature of the policy pursued ard although
ths world offered rivalry England she progressed in
her old way, making bad cloths sell high prices
those who could buy, and letting the poor go in rags and
skins Happily the genius Of Adam Smith began to mani.
fss, Itself In the policy Of Mr. Huksson about the year
1927, The French then obtained English WOOL and the
suit cloth altogether superior the Eugsh. Al
orgh England In her arrogance had prohibited the ex
port oil machines Tor centuries until 1929 the French
and Low Country people speedily attained superiority in
dye and nsh and England bagan lose her market for
cloths. She could make such would wear white
The continental cloths became silky SOFT and The
United States OF course bought of the continent England
them after aroganuy prohibiting the export OF her
chimes, compelled mporl them OF France and Bel
GUM. BY adopting these she has turned cloths
equal those of the continent BY petition of skin the
quality cloth has been enhanced the price has been
wonderfully reduced American agricultursts while the
English production the od increased $50 per
cent by removing protection The enh anced pon
thus brought about has stimulated woods and
manufacturers of all countries seek the best woods y re
cent scientis researches the part of r. Blown esq
Of Pennsylvania, has been established tina, the United
States ouuiva tho world in wool in cotton. Thus.
spanish sheep, yielding naturally wool 200 the inch
carried to England degenerated 900 TO the inch, and
brought TO the United States powered to 2l0O finer
than the orgnsl The fact beng established that our
climate and soil produce finer vol than other countries
will give manufacturers inevitably the superiority
cloths 1.-THE fscure is stranglsd by protection
The cotton manufacture presents greater prodigy, having
gown up altogether In halls century Il has ever how
ever been In transition state Up 1870, the
Ia .nI l.l. tIrE ~.
gave United States cotton the trade the slesmengine
the jenny the power loom, hs card akng machine, all in
doenced the OF cloths better aud per- while Per
kns's dye and chemical improvements greatly advanced
the printing process and the superior capital of England
enabled her retain the trade That time has pass
ed and would long sine. have passed but the proec
tive system. Ia this manufacture, all others since the
peace, an active international competition has been
sustained resulting In continued invention, for ad
vancing the quality and cheapcnng price OF cloths
England has worked cbeapy, and ilay thrown of the
corn duties to work chcapcr also the cotton duty to
duce iis price, and finally The navigation laws, further 10
diminish ts cos,. The point Of these To- TO re-
ddee the cost Of transportation Of food for operatives. and
materials for their use order the raw
labor and profits Of capital combined, may result in cos,
for the cl 9TH less than other nations Nevertheless she
IL rem1te from materials and from food and
transportation, besides merchants prohs be
charged upon them, Now, II Is obvious thar, not.
wi hstandng all the protective laws in creation, the
seat OF manufactures Is gravsting towards thar point
where all the elements that enter into manufactor.
ing exist naturally That point is the valleys
Cotton WOOL fax, coal iron and food-evey article
ssry for the production Of tho best goods the cheapest
ses-are there thrown together by the hand of Nature in
boundless pofoson. They charged with transport.
alton or speculative profits, and the goods restng from
their combination charged with transportation only In
proportion to the distance that the resides from
that centre To that spot IL supremacy rap
idly aud cssbIy gravitang The protective laws have
been enabled 10 check II its way, and 70 Il for
momenti In England and New EngIsnd but free markets
for produce comforting capital, which all
hs, wanted to establish the system BY changing the
present tariff and destroying the market farm produce,
the West and South may be retarded In tho accumulation
Of necessary cspita and thereby delay the establishment,
Of manufactures In their midst the profit Of New Eng.
land but this last The transition 10 now thanks
10 the election Of 1874, rapid and irresistible. .
The city trade IL fair for the season Tho northern and
Stats trade continues active but the southern and
dealers have retired The socso goods e over for the
spring trade VIII probably be afger than last year. but
in proportion 70 the increase Of iupor Holders by
means alarmed and prices nfm The chances that,
before the closing Of the canss the shelves viii be much
ehtened. The produce markets generally pretty Arm.
Cotton particularly under The accounts from the South. IL
very Arm andsoms dsalss venture estimate the crop
- shovd te