The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-08-22

From the latter to Independence Rock .. 80
from the latter to South Pass ...............l0 100
From the latter to Fort Bridger lis
From the latter to Salt Lake city ...,..,... .1l8
l,2l4
To this should be added four hundred miles from
Independence to St. Louis; making in all sixteen
hundred and fourteen miles from the Salt Lake
| city to the first considerable market 1t ID true
that the emigration to California will take off, prob
ably Tor long time 10 come, all their surplus pro.
ducts-such as wheat, corn &c. If the country
were susceptible of cotton, sugar and rice the in
PRODUCTION OF slavery for the here indicated
would be impossible. Any man who should even
think seriously of taking his slaves into country
| so elevated, and SO far removed from good mar
kets, would only be worthy Of commission of lu-
| macy.
find my opinion, on this entire subiect, abund-
antly confirmed by gallant and highly accom-
plished officer of our army, Colonel Emory, as
! follows:
"The country from the Arkansas to this point
1.-THE Colorado river, ] more than 200 miles, in
Its adaptation to agriculture, has peculiarities
which must forever stamp itself upon the popula-
ton which inhabits it. All Of north Mexico, en-.
| bracing New Mexico, Chihuahua, Sonora, and
the CALIFORNIA;, as far north as the Sacramento
is, as far the best Information goes, the same
IN the physical character of is surface and differs
but little in climate or products
p" In no part OF this vast tract the rains from
heaven be relied upon to any extent for the Guilt
walton of the soil The earth is destitute of trees
and in great part also of any vegetation what
ever.
"A few feeble streams flow in different direc-
tons from the great mountains which, in many
places, traverse this region. These streams ire
separated sometimes by plains, and sometimes by
mountains, without water and without veCcta-
ton, and may be called deserts, so far as they
perform any uscful part In the rustenance of AMI
NAL life.
"The cultivation ofthe earth is therefore confined
to those narrow strips Of land which within the
lgy elaff k.s. IF H..
practised in munity with any success or to
| any extent, involves n degree Of subordination
and absolute obedience TO chief rcpugnant TO the
habits Of our people.
"Thc chief who directs the time and the uuantitv
OF the precious irrigating water must be impi-
city obeyed by the whole community. A depar-
turc from his orders, by the waste Of water or un-
just distribution of it, neglect TO make the pro-
per embankments, may cndanger the means Of
subsistence Of many people. lie must therefore
be armed with power to punish promptly and inn
mcdistcly.
The profits Of labor are too inadequate for the
existence of negro slavery. Slavery, as practised
by the Mexicans under the form Of peona ge, which
enables the master 10 get the services Of the adult
while in the prime Of life, without the obi cation
Of rearing him in infancy, supporting him in old
age, maintaining his family affords no data for
estimating the profits Of slave labor as il exists in
the United States.
"No one who has ever visited this country, and
who is acquainted with the character and value of
slave labor in the United States, would ever think
Of bringing his own slaves here with any view to
profit; much less would he purchase slaves for
such purpose. Their labor here, If they could
be retained as slaves, among poems, nearly of
their own color, would never repay the cost of
transportation, much less tho additional purchase
'moncy."-Emory's Rep, Elk. Doc 3Oth Congress,
let session, No. al, page 81.
There is involved in this territorial question n
principle which am not disposed TO treat lightly.
] will show hereafter how IL bears on the present
bill But, asa practical matter, ] consider This dis
putc rather the subject Of il, Of sort Of value
or importance either 10 the free States or to the
slave States. This 10 opinion with me.
The policy Of the late administration sufficient
ly developed a. long ago the fall Of 1871 TO in
oicate that they would not close the war short Of
the acquisition Of New Mexico and California
then declared In some remarks addressed TO pot-
cal convention at New Haven, that every rood OF the
territory 70 be acquired would be free and that the
NilmOt prOyiso was not Indispensable TO security
90 the North. II Is with mex pressible satisfaction
that find the truth Of my prediction realized in
part California IL free; the residue Of the country
Will be 90; and am willing TO stake what little |
reputation have the result II we have n great
accession Of free territory, who is 20 blame The
South could have prevented these acquisitions; the
Wings OF that section tried. Why did not the |
Democrats co-operatc' Why did they not look |
into the situation OF these countries ascertain Ne
many Of us did, that they would be free, and then
govern their course accordingly Why were they |
not ~ sagscious ~ the honorable Senator from |
Georgia, Mr.. BERRirN) who insisted that unless |
ty, "thc inevitable consequence would be the ep. |
cluson Of the South from the Territories to be ao-
quircd" "Incvitably," he exclaimed with the |
certainty Of fate tins exclusion would follow"
In view Of tho considerations adtcrted TO- insist /
there is nothing in the subject which should dis /
turb the harmony Of the country that should /
lay aside all these unnecessary disputations and /
turn attention To other subjects OF practi-
cal importance. We should feel that we are one /
people, living under ono and the same COnstitu.
ton, with perfect identity Of interests, and that
VIC committed TO ono and the same destiny Of /
good or evil. Let US not forget that are bound /
20 carry 20 successful contamination the great
CT pcrincnt Of self. government which we are max
ing in the face Of the world What II we, by rca-
con Of senselcss dissensons and obstinate per-
vcrsity, fail, Whose cheek will not be sufIused
by blush