The organizer., 1850-01-05

, sion Of Congress. a Postal Treaty witt
Great Britain has been received, and ralI
fed, and such regulations have been fOrmey
by the Post Oilice Departments of the two
countries, in pursuance Of The treaty, as Il
carry its provision into full operation -
The attempt to extend the same arrange
ment through England TO France, has moi
been equally Successful, but the purpose
has not been abandoned.
For particular statement Of the condi-
tion Of the Post Office Department, and
fther matters Connected with that branch
of the public service, refer you TO the
report OF the Postmaster General.
BY The Act oil the 81 of March, lS49, a
Board was constituted to make arrange
ments for taking the Seventh Census, COM
posed of the Secretary Of State, the At'Or-
ney General, and the Postmaster General;
and it was made the duty OF this Board TO
prepare and cause 10 lie printed, such forms
ami sched les for collecting statistical ia.
bIcs. and, under proper heads, such inlor-
nation rs 10 mines, agriculture, commerce,
manufactures, education, and other topics,
as woald exhibit full view II he pursuits,
industry, education aud resources Of the
country.
The duties imposed upon the Census
Board thus established having been per
formed, il now rests with Congress TO enact
law for carrying into effect the PROPOSE
ton Of the Constitution, hich requires an
actual enumeration of the people Of The
United States within the ensuing period.
a. 4 "A hrtt ~.
tnuon to the General Government, is one
of local and limited application, but moi on
that account the less obligatory. Ia.lude
to the trust committed to Congress as the
exclusive legislator and sole guardian of the
interests a: the Dis rict Of Columlia ia.
beg 10 commend these Interests To your
own kind attention. As he national me-
uopols the city OF Washington must be an
OBJECT Of general interest; and founded as Il
was, under he auspices of him whose im>
mortal name it beas, IL claims 10 the tOs-
iering care OF Congress present themselves
with additional strength. Whatever can
cont ibute 10 its pr 5 eriy. must enlist the
feelings of its constitutional guardians and
command their favorable consider ton.
Our Government is one OF limited pow
pr, and lis successful administration emi-
nently depends on the confinement Of each
Of ITS Coordinate branches within its own
lpproprate sphere. The first sectinn Of he
Con.tuton oldains, that nl Legis alive :
loS eis there granted, shalt be visited m a q
Congress o. The United Stnies, whlrh shal I,
onslst Of Senate aud House 4 Rcpiesen.
atives. The executive has AUTHORITY 10 c
not t. dictate measures To Con. !
lross Having pefrmei this duty, the n
Executive Depariment f the Government =,
anuOl rishIfully control the decision Il
congress on any subject Il Legislation. uu-
I that decision shall have been officially Il
Ibm tied TO the President e. approval II
The check provided by the Constitution c
! The clause conIening the qualified veto,
III never lie exercised by me. except ia
le ses contemplated hy the Fathers of
le Republic view il as an extreme =
leasure, I, be resortrd 10 only in eXirnor> ;
mary cases, as, where il may become 4
eccssary To- defend the Executive against
ne encroachments Of the legislative power
r 10 prevent hasiy and inconsiderate, or T
legislation. by cautiously O.
oniining this remedy within the sphere b
to II in the contemporaneous ex.
osItions ofthe trainers of tie Constitution.
The will of the people legitimateiy eX-
ressed, ON all subjects Of legislation 4
trough their constitutional organs, the
enators and Representatives Of the United
tales, will have it, fall effects, aud IS in
ispensable TO The preservation of our sys-
sm ol selfgo,ernmenL .
The Independence oflhe Representatives q
T the States and the people, ~ guaranteed q
Y the C-nsltuton aud they owe no re- +
to any human power bat iheir
unsti.uents. By holding the REPRESENTA-
we responsible only TO the people, and * )
inpting HIN from all other Influences, we I
levaie the character OF the ems Hnent' s
u, ken his sense OF responslbi ~ to his
uunirv. Il is under these cIrcumst9ncts >
nlv. that the elcclor can feel, in the cho'ce q
( The law.maker, that he Is hmsclf truly q
component part Of he sovereign power oI
he nation. Whh equal care, We should
tudy 10 defrnd The rights Of the Executive
nd Judicial Departments. Our Govern
neni can onls lie preserved in iis purity by I
up pres.ion and entire elimination Of every ,
lain or tendency of one coordinate
,ra .ch 10 encroachment upon the others.
The siTiet observance n this rule, and
he other iniunctions Of The Constitution
yhh a sedulous incubation Of that respect
md love for the Union II the States VII ch
mr. fathers cherished, aud enj lined upon
heir children. and with the aid Of that over
ruling Providence. y hich has 50 long md
SindIy guarded our liberties aud Cons'i'u-
son. we may reasonably expect 10 tfansma ,
hen. with their innumerabe blessings, to
a - frrtfU