Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1850-01-03

uutlcS al rates Hl9N eHOulH W "lI'u S""' '
and sufficient encouragement to our own indus'
try, and at The same time SO adjusted as TO insure
stability.
The question of the continuance of the Sub
Treasury system is respectfully Submitted to lie
wisdom Of CONGRESS II continued, important
notifications of it appear to be indispensable.
For further details and views on The above
and other matters connected with commerce, the
finances and revenue refer to the report Of the
Secretary of the Treasury.
No direct aid has been given by the General
G yernmen to the improvement OF agriculture,
exccpt by the expenditure of small sums Tor the
collection and publication of agricultural Stats
tics and for some chemical analyses, which have
been thus far paid for out of the patent fund
This ali Is, in my opinion, wholly inadequate.
70 rive to this leading branch of American in
duStry the encouragement which 1t merits. re
spectfully recommend The establishment of an
Agricultural Bureau to b. connected with the
Department of the Interior. To elevate The so
cial condition of the agrcuItuflst, to increase
his prosperity aud to extend his means OF use
filln s. to his country, by multiplying his sources
of information, should be the study OF every
Statesman, aud primary OBJ ect with every leg
islator.
No civil government having been provided by
Congress for California, the people Of that Ter
ritory, impeed by the necessities of their pc
liticsl cnndi i,r recently met in convention for
the purpose of flrming Constitution and State
Government. which, the latest advlces give me
reason to suppose, has been accomplished; and
it is believed they will shortly apply for the adj
mission OF California into the Union as SOW
ereign State. Should such be the case, and
should their constitution be coniormablc to the
acquisitions of the Constitution of the Uned
States. recommend their application 10 the ia
vorable consideration of Congress.
The people of New Mexico will also, it is be
ieved, at no very distant period, present them
Sc YES for admission into he Union. Prepare
tory to the admission of California and New
Mexico, The people Of each will have instituted
ior themse yea republican torn If government.
laying its foundations 10 such principles, and
organizing its powers in snrh FORM as to them
shall seem most likely to effect their safety and
happiness"
ny awaiting their action, all causes of unea-
Sness may be avoided, and confidence and kind
feeling preserved With view of maintaining
the harmony and ranqrlity So dear to ALL we
should abstain from he introduction of those ex
citing topics Of o sectional character which have
hitherto produced painful apprehensions in the
public mind and repeat the solemn warning
OF the first and most illustrious of my predeces-
sors against furnishing "any ground for charac
teTzing parties by geographical Determinations"
A Collector has been appointed at San Fran
cisco, under the act af Congress extending the
revenue laws over California; and measures
have been taken to organize the custom houses
at that and the other ports lii 'nt'oned IN that act
at the earliest period practicable. The collector
proceeded overland, and advcps have not yet
been received of his arrival ut San Francisco So
Meanwhile, it is understood that the customs
nave continued to he collected there by officers
acting under The military authority. as tn were
dnTlng the administration of my predec -
1t will, think be expedent to confirm the COL
lectinns thus mlde, and direct the avails, latter
such allowances as Congress may think tit to all-
thorlze,) to be expended within the Territory. or
to be paid into the Treasury, for the purpose OF
meeting appropriations for the improvement of
lis rivers and harbors.
A party, engaged on the coast survey. was de-
spatched to Oregon in January last According
to the latest adyces, they had not lett California;
light houses and tnexed on the s,, .'e, u as soon
structed and placed in Oregon. 70 proceed With
ont delay to make reconnaissance OF the most
important points on the coast OF California ana
ugh, houses on that coast, the speedy erection
of which is urgently demanded by our rapidly
increasing commerce.
| have transfe red the Indian Agencies from
Upper Missouri and Council Bluffs to Santa Fe
and Salt Like; and have caused to be appointed
sub agents in the valleys of the Gi'a, the Sacra.
Inrnto, and San joaquin rivers Still further e
gal provisions will be necessary for the effective
aud successful extension Of our system oil Indian
lnterc lurse over the new Territories
recommend the establishment of branch
mint IN California, as ii will, in my opinion, af
ford important facilities 10 those engaged in
mining, as well as to the Government in the DIS
position of the mineral lands.
also recomnend that commissions he organ
lied by Congress, to examine aud decide upon
tue validity If the present su0sisting land titles
in California and New Mexico; and that provis
ou be made tor the establishment OF Offices OF
) Surveyor General in New Mexico California,
and Oregon, and toi the surveying and bringing
INTO market the public lands in those Territories.
Those lands, remote in position aud difficult OF
access ought to be disposed ofon lernls liberal to
: al,but especially favorable 10 the early emigrants
In order that the situation and character Of
) the prIncip pal mineral depostes in California may
be ascerialned, recommend that geological
r and neurological exploration be connected viii
the linear surveys, and that the mineral lands be
} divided into small Io's suitable for mining, anC
be disposed Of BY sale or lease, so as TO give ou
cinzenS an opportunity of procuring permaneU
right of property in the SOL. This would seen
to be rs important to the successor mining a;
I of agricultural pursuits
The great mineral wealth of California, am
, the advantages which its ports and harbors, am
) those of Oregon afford to commerce, especlakN
with the islands of the Pacific and Indian oceans
, and the populous regions of Eastern Asia, max
it certain that there will arise, in few yeaE
large and prosperous communities on our westeTl
E coast 1t, therefore, becomes important THAI
< line of communication the best and most expcdl
: tious which the nature of the country will admit
d should be opened within the territory Of the u
nited States, from the navgable waters of th
d Atlantic or the Gulf of Mexico, to the Pacific
J Opinion as ELECTED and expressed by two larg
x and respectable conventions, lately assembled {
d St Louis and Memphis, points to railroad
s that which, if practicable, will best meet Ii
wishes and wants of the country. But viii
e this, if in successful operation, would be wol
e of great national Importance, and Of value
Il the country which it would be difficult to est
s. mate, it ought also to be regarded as an unde
ST taking Of, vast magnitude and expense, and OF
ID which must, if it be, indeed, practicable, encou
ID ter many difficulties in its construction and US
j. Therefore. to avoid failure and disappointment
of to enable Congress to Judge whether, in the CO
u diton of the country through which it must pas
ee the work be feasible, and if it be found so, whet
a err it should be undertaken as a national improv
IN ment or left to individual enterprise; and in tt
Il latter alternative what aid ifany, ought to be e
r. tended to it by the Government recommend
" preliminary measure careful reconnoisan
nd of the several proposed routes by scient
%. corps, and report to the practcablIity of ma
he ing such a road, with an estimate of the cost
its construction and support
to For further views on these and other matte
to connected with the duties of the Home Depa
ce ment refer you to the report Of the Secreta
* of the Interior.