The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-07-02
The Nicurnpunn Treaty.

line of uncatioa by ship canal or otherwise,
through the State of Nicaragua has received the
approval Of the Senate of the United States. and
presume that the ratitcatons will forthwith bs
changed The perusai of this treaty confirms the
opinion have long expressed that Lord Palmerssn
has acted with good judgment in abandoning the OK
elusive pretenons he lad at one time advanced to the
pro~c crate OF the Mosquito coast but as the prnci
pal advantage of relations with the native autho
rites Of that country was tho command We had there
by assumed over she mouth OF the river san Juan
presume that it will not be contested that the main
condition OF the Mosquito protectorate has been
whole question with tho United States based on tho
common and public interests of all nations. The FIRST
sHS u. sn
hsrsh declare thai the ono nor The o.her will ever
sid hip ssasl that n:isSsI win srss,
Vicinity thereof or occupy or coIoni1e EXERCISE
amy p Of Gs.a NOR viii
use Of any which either affords or may afford
s n. or or
S 0G a,
part OF Central Ameriea Of assuming or exercising de-
1t would have been difficult to frame direct
relating TO this subject which laid before paria
ment a few years ago Our readers may recoect that
on examining the question last autumn we found that
those rights not easily reconcileabe with the
direct engagements contracted by this country with
Spain in 17a3-that the mouth of the San Juan had
undoubtedly been fortified by the Spaniad long before
any definite shape given TO he British protectorate
OF the Mosquito coast-and that our recent policy in
that country had produced the inevitable result Of
throwing the Nicaraguan government entirely into
the hands OF the United States and the agents of that
power For all these reasons but especially for the
last it appeared to puore and mpolitic to the
risk OF dispute in defence Of questionable rights OF
protection or dominion, when the only practical in
terest this country had In the matter to prevent
the exclusive dominion of any other power. That OBJ
ect has been attained by the convention and
we hope II will effectually put an end to tho absurd
proceedings of Mr. Chatheld and his American com
pettor, Mr.. squires. The neutrality of tho future
and the United States but by all the nations which
may think fit to accede to this treaty to conclude
giv,,tIs Ia.
France; and hope that the interest wisely shown by
all governments in establishing line Of communities
ton between the will lead to the formation of
company sufficiently powerful to execute the project
with the least possible delay At present in spite Of
the vast tide Of emigration which has suddenly set in
across the lsthmus at Chagres and which still rolls
the floating population of both hemispheres to the
shores OF the Pacific even the common means OF per-
sonal transport Of the most wretched description
But though the urgent want OF this improvement is
universally acknowledged, We are not sanguinc of
any immediate success when we consider tho
immense difficulties Of the undertaking, rather
the inadequancy of the means which exist
the spot for surmounting them. The banks of the
river San Juan and the Lake Nicaragua are buried
in primevsl swamps and forests nh by languid
and incident population hall Spanish and half Indian,
and rendered extremely insaubrous during great
part OF the year by the heat of tropical To
duct these operations with success it would be
indispensable to convey to that part of the globe
large number OF human beings able to support the ef
those peculiar and unfavorsble circumstsnces Bear
Ing in mind the extreme dic ulty which has hitherto
attended the supply of free labor under the far
we're conditions Of sugarpanting In West In
dia islands doubt whether 1t will be found possible
to provide nsvigators," they might with some APP
ttude be termed for such works in Central America
There Is fcarcey instance Of the execution of vast
undertakings Of roads, earthworks, canasaton in
tropical region without the employment Of forced labor
accompanied with frsh tful sacrifice of life That is
the history Of the great monuments of Egypt with a
larger population and more saubrious climate from
the building Of the Pyramids to the excavation Of the
Mehadeh Canal In Central America free labor, IL OBJ
tanned at all could only be got st immense cost
1t would then exposed to the nor
Of the track to California Forced labor could only be
convicts Without reference to the moral consdera-
tons which would render this country absolutely
TO such revival OF slavery under an aggravated
ed the cost Of negro labor would prove
able obstacle even in the United States and the intro
ducton Of slaves is contrary to the laws OF the
American states. The employment Of gangs of con-
yicts who could only be obtained from Europe, would
be hardly less impracticabe, and obnoxious to objec
tons OF at least equal weight OF the ply steal posi-
bility Of uniting the two oceans by ship canal.
entertain no doubt for as great engineer has been
heard TO declare all undertakings Of this
to questions Of al but
can be executed by any private company with that
course the chief inducement to Capitalists and Sc
condly whether large amount Of capital
provided the deficiency in the supply of competent
labor would not prove very formidable impedinent.
The 9TH article Of the present convention provides
that the British and American governments will give
their support and encouragement to such persons or
company, as may first offer TO commence the canal
with the necessary capital and year from the date of
right Of priority, and to enable Il TO complete IL.
arrangements and present evidence Of sufficient
priority TO the company already understood to
have been formed in the United States, though,
company are marketable, they may, Of course,
be taken mp TO any amount by British capitalists
The probability is that the company already formed in
tended to conhne its specuaons TO tho legal privilege
II had obtained from the State Of Nicaragua by trans
crring that privilege to any other body which might
be disposed to meet the difcuties Of entering upon
the actual construction Of the passage. when the Inn
mepse advantages Of such line Of communication to
nj mn han Tn mn.
selves are considered, trust that pecuniary
obstacles will not condemn this project to failure To
avoid the long and perous circuit Of Cape Horn TO
open direct line Of intercourse with the British Aus
traian colonies to promote the population the trade,
and the welfare Of that newborn nation speaking the
tongue Of England, which Ia already swarmng the
shores Of the Pacific objects of extreme TO
the diffusion Of industry and the conquess Of civili
zson few weeks hence these very lines will probs
bly, be read in the Bay Of San Francisco and the
banks Of the Sacramento by Thousands Of those who
have given life and activity to the solitary region
OF the globe The western coast Of the American
and IL the Interests Of All nations but
especially those Of the Brsh that the vast
rent Of busy living men should aow without intsrrup
tion, and by the shortest course round the globe.
Spain.
We have received our Madrid correspondence Of
June 10. Our correspondent says;-
"The funds have been affected by the news Of
the expedition directed against Cuba having sailed
Letters received to-day from Cuba speak Of an I'M
easy feeling prevailing there. The Three per Cents
were dsne at 33l and -. 10, and were / buyers, ;
sellers, after the close. Five per Cents were done
at ~, and maintained that price Coupons, 1T
Passive Debt, g. Exchange on London, 80 30.
GEorGE SAND.-The literary world is much taken
up with the announcement Of the forthcoming pub
location Of George Sand, Memories de ma Vie"
Ten volumes complete, ten vols Of impressions,
personal, literary, artistic and political. That little
bird Of the air which carries every matter in this
place, has brought Of the first chapters Of the
work amongst her friends, and enabled them TO
judge Of its tenor. We have hitherto known nothing
Of the author, but the chef dGuvres with which she
has rraced our literature. Shortly we 10 be
made acquainted with the woman herself; for here
she drops the pseudonyme, and George Sand, the
bold adventurous youth who has run, for twenty
years, career Of danger, Of poetry and glory, dis
| appears 90 make way for the more modest and re-
| firing Madame Dudevant. Nothing can be more