The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-07-09

y
five times as great the Of those States, and
yet SO anxious after territory that they were ready
almost to go TO war for the purpose of securing
| Texas. The census about to be taken will ex-
hibit still more extraordinary results, for it will
give population not greatly exceeding that Of
those two States, occupying not only that half mil
lion of square miles, but Texas and its immense
surface in addition, and yet anxious for further
territory as to be grasping after California, and
ready almost to go 10 with the rect of the onion
for part of New Mexico; and with each and every
step in the progress of depopuation slavery is held,
and necessarily held, to be more and ga bless
ing.'
Maryland Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky,
and Tennessee, grow chiefly food, and the men who
mine coal, and make cloth and iron, are consumers
of food. The closing Of the iron works of Pennsyl
vana and Virginia, and of the North generally, and
the total stoppage in the progress Of manufactures
throughout the Union, tended to diminish the num-
Der Of consumers Of food, and to compel the makers
Of cloth and iron to dispense themselves over the
west that they might there become producers of
food, the necessary consequence OF which was a
diminution of demand for the products of the north
ern slave States, followed by a tendency to aban-
don the land and remove further south. there to
cultivate cotton. The closing Of northern mills
Der of cotton producers, and to diminish the num-
Der and the power of cotton consumers, and to rem
der the South more completely dependent on Great
Britain for market in which to sell cotton, and to
buy cloth and iron; and with each and every year
its people have been giving more and receiving less
in exchange, with tendency to further exhaus-
ton, impoverishment, and dispersion, followed by
an increase in The pro- slavery feeling What have
been the results as shown in the value of cotton
compared with that Of cloth and iron, ] will now
show
1915 to 1917 1927 1884. 1916 1916.
i Eng S in 100 900 s7' 100000 $50 600
Value 49, $4,000, 900 100000 IL 1000
She pays for this in cotton-cloth and iron, the
prices of which, at these periods, as follows:
A piece of calico, of "a yards .l6l6* 76t Oh
ton of merchant bar iron. Elf ct go 10
Had the whole been paid in these, the planter
would have received of
Cloth, pieces. :. 100000 A,O00,00O 3i,7O0,000
Or iron, tons...., 100000 1,250000 100000
The additional freight, home and foreign, charges,
commissions, &C., in the last period were, at three
cents per pound, on 496,000,000 of pounds, say
$l5,000,O00. For this the planter would receive,
in Liverpool 100000 additional tons of iron, the
value of which, in Liverpool at the present moment,
would be about S 900 900, and thus he not only
gave away his cotton, but gave with it large por
ton ofohe cost Of transpor The ichole return
10 him for 600 000, 900 not great IL had been
for 100 00V,000.
II thus appears that Notwithstanding all the i'm
provements in manufacture, the planter had to
give in the last period sir times the quantity of cot
ton to obtain three and half times the cloth that he
could have had in the first-and sic times as much
to obtain smaller quantity of iron.
The tobacco trade shows precisely similar results.
In 1922, we exported $1,000 hogsheads, and the
price $74 80, yielding about $6,200,0 900. In
1915, we exported LAT 900 hogsheads, and the price
$50, yielding S7,350,0o0. Deducting the ex
ira expense Of transportation to the place of ship
ment, the producers received less for the large
quantity than they had done for the small one
From 1880 to 1895, the export averaged 10000, and
the amount S6,2oO,00o, yielding to the pro-
ducer, ON his plantation, much as the larger
quantity in S45. The Of sc, 200, 900, at these
two periods, would have bought in LIVERPOOL:
Pieces of cloth. Tons Of iron
1880 to 1885. 3;3OO,0o0 100000
lSf5 ...................3,90 100000 10000
The planter is giving almost two thirds more OF to-
bacoo for twenty per cent more CLOTH although his
brother planter is almost ruined by the low price OF
cotton; but in the Of iron il is worse, for he
gives two thirds more for thirty five per cent less
and this result is the natural consequence Of south
ern commercial policy. With every increase in
the tendency to found, or TO occupy, new States,
the exchangeable value Of southern products must
diminish in it's ratio TO population, and the pro-
slavery feeling must increase.
II is usual to attribute the fall in the price Of cot
ton TO too rapid increase in the production but
the real cause is that southern policy has prevented
e "a -. a
greatly to diminish the power to produce commod-
tiles TO be given in exchange for it, The quantity
produced has done little more than keep pace with
the increase in the population Of the States in
which II lie grown. Twenty years since the latter
was 3, 200 0OO and the production was almost 40O,-
100000 Of pounds. Now, the occupants Of those
States must number about 100000, and the ave-
rage crop of the last five years is scarcely more
than 500 100000 Of pounds. The growth Of pro-
ducton has thus been slow. II next we compare the
prices obtained in the ports, at the different peri
ode, and set of against them the extra transporta
ton incident TO the occupation Of vast surface
by a small population, we shall be compelled TO ar
rive at the conclusion that the return TO labor, per
head, Is far less than II was twenty years since,
and thus that dispersion, diminished value Of land,
poverty and pro-slavery have como together, and
tat necessarily. The remedy for all IL 10 be found
in the adoption Of policy that will bring the
sumner TO the side Of the producer, and enable the
1sndholdcr to grow rich his slaves become more
free That done, pro slavery and anti slavery agi-
tation will pass away ne they came-togethcr.
How essential 10 the South is a change Of policy
will, think, become obvious TO you a retrospect
Of the proceedings Of the last twenty year. Il
in 1921 that Il extended lie by the purchase Of
Florida. From 1895 to 1870 Il was proposed to in
corporate Texas bot tho proposition repeatedly
declined. treaty for that purpose was then made,
but it was rejoctcd, by the senate Finding that
constitutional measures would not accomplish the
object, unconstitutional ones rcsorted 10, and
Texas was admitted by a mere majority, and to
this the North submitted. War was then made on
Mexico-s southern measure, having for its object
the acquisition Of more slave territory. California
was bought All Of these pro-slavery inca.
sures. During all this time the North made no e.
fort TO annex Canada, but had IL done 20, and had
il pursued tho same course was pursued in rela-
ton 20 Texas, what would the South have said and
done' Would il not have threatened resistance and
dissolution Would lite members not have banded
together with determination TO stop all legisla-
tion' What did the North do' Nothingl with