davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08
The Unity or tho Human Race.

An opinion lately enunciated by Professor AaAs-
sic, at Charleston, South Carolina, denying the
unity Of the human race, has excited attention ana
called forth some dsqusitions from who have
made this and similar matters the theme OF serious
reflection. The following, from the Newark DAILY
advertiser, is one among the number OF such dis
QUESTIONS, which we present to readers for the
qualification Of their curiosity; though we by no
means concur in all its statements or deductions;
From the Ne,oark Daily advertiser.
"UNITY AND IMpRovABILITY OF THE HUMAN
RAcE.-At late meeting of the American Asso-
citation for the Advancement of Science at Charles
ton, paper was read by DR.. Mott, of Mobile, 'On
the Physical History OF the Jews, in relation to its
bearing on the common origin OF mankind This
led to debate in which Professor Agassiz took oc-
casion TO say, that, after giving TO the question
the different of descended from differ
emit stocks, and he regarded this position as fully
sustained by divine revelation The Jewish history
was the history not of divers races, but of single
race of mankind; but the existence of other races
was often incidentally alluded to, and distinctly
implied if not absolutely asserted, in the sacred
volume ''-Pr0vidence Journal
The original unity of the human family, and its
vast susceptibility Of degradation or improvement,
hold to be cardinal, well established truths hav-
morals, polity, and religion. We are sorry there
fore to see the high authority Of Professor Agassz
Philadelphia, who has lately examined numerous
SIX uls from various tribes and nations also inclines
to the opinion of original diversity This inference
from his learned researches we are not inclined to
concede but his labors in this novel field of scien-
tiic enterprise and research must ever be held in
high admiration His mode of operation is this:
He collects the skulls from many nations, takes out
the brain, and fills the cavity with shot eighth
of an inch in diameter. This shot is then poured
out and measured in cubic inches, which gives pre-
csely the size of the brain The brains OF different
nations and races he finds to be of different sizes;
and from these premises, real and valuable they
are, he draws his conclusions-like those of Man
fred, conclusions most forbidden'--
"And then dived
In my lone wanderings, to the cause of death,
Searching its cause in its effect; and drew
From withered bones and skulls and heaped- up dust
Conclusions most forbidden"
The summary of DR.. Morton's patient labors we
give in his able showing the sizes of the brain in
cubic inches, obtained from the measurement OF
six hundred and twenty three crania OF various
races and families Of men.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08
suprem. Court OF the United states.

FRIDAY, April s, 1880
John ID. Sherwood and Lucius Pit<in, esqs., Of
New York, were admitted attorneys and counsel
lors Of this court.
No. ~. n. Wheaton ct al va. n. Peters ct al
On the motion Of DIR. MARYLAND, this appeal from
the circuit court Of the United States for Pennsyl
vania dismissed at the costs Of the appellants
The matters in controversy have been settled and
agreed between the parties.
No. So X. La Roche, plaintiff in error, VS.. Rich
ard Jones ct ai-The argument Of this cause was
continued by Mr.. Gipin for the plaintiff in error,
by Messrs. Lawrence and Morehead for the defend
ants in error, and concluded by Mr.. Walker for
the plaintiff in
Adjourned till Monday, II O'Clock, a. m.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

supposed to have passed over Behring's Straits
and the Pacific Islands.
Ill The early monuments, habits, and customs
prove, by their similarity, original unity, the
great custom in early times, ever after the Tower
Of Babel, TO build pyramids and hence in every
country they are found, even here in America, and
evidently thrown up in primitive periods. To form
door also, as the arch not at first known, all
early nations proceeded in the same way--putting
Hence the traveller in Palenque or Copan is con
stantly reminded of old Memphis and Thebes
Nv. Physiological and anatomical researches
have long since proclaimed the unity Of the species
there are insensbe gradations in every particular
between all national differences And the evident
plastic nature Of man accounts for them all.
Hence the confirmation strong of Holy Writ, that
the Creator has ''made of ONE BLOOD all nations OF
men to dwell on the face of the earth"
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

BOLDLY AvowEp.-Whatever may be said by
some of the advocates of the Nashville Convention,
to its Interior Objects (says the Mobile Aduerfi
ser,) the desire and necessity of holding it
the Union, we have, in the article taken from the
Fairfield Is. CO. Herald, which give below, the
bold assertion Of the editor, that overwhelming
majority Of The people Of South Carolina IN favor
of disInion!
DisuNIoS.-" We cannot credit the rumor," says
a correspondent of the Baltimore Sun, that Mr..
Calhoun, having recovered his health in measure,
has expressed himself decidedly and warmly in
favor OF dissolution of the Union at every and all
hazard. II is said that he regards the dissolution
as inevitable, and consequently expedient and de-
sirable."
If Mr.. Calhoun did express himself thus, he has
said nothing less than what an overwhelming ma
jority of the people OF his State anxiously desire
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

1t is very much to be lamented, in view
of the great interests suffering from the
absence of legislation, not only in Cali
fornia, but throughout our whole Atlantic,
Mississippi and lake country, that some
mode cannot be devised to relieve Con-
gress of the perpetual jargon to which they
are now compelled to listen, and turn their
attention to the great measures which call
so loudly for legislative action.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

PopTRAIT OF Dn. FRASKLIN.--We learn from the
Salem Gareffs, that there will be sold by auction,
on the 9Th day Of June next, in Boston, that very
valuable original portrait Of DR.. Benjamin Frank
lin, from which was taken the engraving prefxcd
10 the first volume Of President Sparkss edition OF
the Life and Works Of Dr. Franklin" Neither
the Of the artist, the precise time at which
II was painted, Is known. The picture formerly
and II is mentioned in his will, dated in January
1856. II has been retained in the family ever
since II was painted when Franklin was young
man, probably before he was thirty years old, and
twenty FIVE or thirty years earlier than the portraits
from which any OF the other engravings extsnt
have been taken.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

GoLp ON THE YELLowsroSE.--The Grand River
Eagle has letter which says I have been credi-
bly, informed, and by good authority, that man,
some thirteen years ago, was taken by the Black
Feet Indians, and has been kept In measure con-
fined in that region until within short time, when
he effected his escape, bringing the glorious intel
9gencc that that region abounds in the precious
metal, bringing some sixty pounds OF gold dust,
taken from the surface pure that tits worth Si4
to the ounce, whilst the pure is worth but SIC,
making the amount of his burden, ut the time he
made his escape, at Sl4 the ounce, Sl3,440. I
understand that the same individual Is in Chicago,
raising companies, TO be equipped with rifles, for
the purpose OF returning 10 the golden sands TO
make further exploration Of the country and, for
the benefit Of said companies, has deposited in bank
$4,000, to pay expenses of fitting out, &c.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08
A Comet expected.

To The Editors of the National IntslIigencer;
The attention ofasronomers Is now and for some
time has been directed to the return of the great
comet of 1854 which is supposed TO have returned
in 1886, and which Is expected TO reappear about
this time.
1t is supposed to have period of about two hun
dred and ninety-tw years; TO have its perihelion
within the orbit of Venus and at aphelion to be
nearly one hundred times the distance OF the earth
from the sun.
Messrs Barber and Hind, of England, have ex-
pended vast amount of labor in calculating the
return of this comet and, according to them, ii is
possible that, though expected in 1913, 1t may be
retarded by Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, till
1851.
In a matter therefore, of such interest, i do not
conceive myself at liberty TO withhold from astron-
omers the subioned extract of letter from Profess
sor Curley, Of Georgetown College. Though this
letter was written in February, permission to make
it public was not received until to-day:
"GEoRGErowN COLLEGE, Feb. l6, 1850.
"The Rev. Mr.. Jenkins, of this college, sailed
from Baltimore for Rio de Janeiro in October last,
for the good Of his health. received letter from
him few days ago, in which he says they saw a
comet ON their way to Rio. He does not give the
ships place. but they took fifty nine days to GO
from Baltimore to Rio, and got to Rio the Sth Of
December, some rough approximation might be
made of his whereabouts on the evening he saw the
comet; and as have paid no attention to the COM
cts that may have been expected, &C., last year,
send you the extract from his letter.
son November 2sth, at "a p. m, he saw dis.
unctly comet 10 westwaru nearly IN the track OF
the sun, and about IA degrees above the horizon,
measured with the quadrant, the nucleus very
distinct and about as large in appearance Mars,
the tail curved and pointed towards the south,
(S W. quite bright, and nearly degree in
length as visible to the naked eye, but much larger
when viewed with the spy glass. It was seen by
all the crew for twenty minutes, when cloud inter-
cepted it, and it never more was SEEM
You will observe that Mr.. Jenkins at sea,
and that he had no opportunity of making suffi-
cient instrumental observations, and that, there
fore, the information is too meagre to enable to
decide to the identity of this comet with that OF
than that very remarkable comet appears to have
been seen by gentleman upon whom every reli-
ance is to be placed. We can only hope that some
circumstances have discovered this comet, and
carefully observed it. Respectfully,
M. F. MAURY.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08
WAsHIsGroN, April 8, 1850.

CALIFORNIA NEws--A DAMpER.-We had an in
terview, yesterday, with an intelligent gentleman
of Linn county in this State, who has just returned
from California he was passenger in the
steamer from San Francisco Of the lst Of February.
and landed at New York, from Chagrcs, in the
steamer Georgia. Mr. Hurlbut was one of the
overland emgrants from this State last year, and
spent some months in the mines on Feather river,
and at Sacramento city. His conversations would
tend very much to dissipate the golden visions Of
wealth which are fitting before the imaginations
of many of our people, if all could hear him. He
worked in the mines and brought home some of the
gold but Mr. Hurlbut says that of all the overland
emigration last year, he Is satisfied that, at the
close of the rainy season, their average profits will
not be $3.50. This is true Of the whole country, so
far as mining and the acquisition of wealth in this
way is concerned. In the early period of the dis
covery of the gold region, he admits that large
amounts realized by the persons who were for
tunate enough to be there. But the influx of thou
sands of people to the Mines and their extension all
over the country, has lessened very materially the
quantity of gold which rewards the labor Of the
miner; and the difficulty of obtaining it is growing
greater every day
Mr. Hurlbut is of opinion that the emigration of
this year will be more seriously disappointed in
their expectations than those who went out last
year. because, he argues, the number Of persons
who will go into the mines as soon as the rain
ceases-say the first of May-will exceed by many
thousands the number there when emigrants
arrived last year. They will cover the land, and
all the gold that is to be found in the next six
months will be picked up by them, leaving but a
poor shotc for our emigrants on their arrival He
is satisfied that the difficulty of getting gold is
greatly increased already, and does not believe in
the nerhausiibilify of the thing As to the ninety
sic FOUNDERS, and "big lumps'' of almost as great
magnitude said to have been found there, he says
the stories all humbugs; there is no truth in
them
As a general thing, he advises all men in rcgu-
lar business, who doing well, to be content, and
stay at home. Young men, who have strong con-
sttutions have been Injured to labor, and can stand
any thing, might profit by going to California and
working in the mines But it is, after ALL only the
few who have profted will profit in this adven-
ture after gold. We hear of the man who has been
successful and accumulated wealth in a very short
time, but we never told of the hundreds and
thousands who have been barely able to meet their
expenses, which are, ia well known, of no ncon-
siderable amount in that country.
Mr.. Hurlbut has seen " the elephant" and is
satisfied. He is glad enough to get back to his
pleasant home in this State, and he says there
many more in California who would like to do the
same thing if they only had the means of return
ing.--St. Louis Republican.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08
On the opposite side, or that fronting
"Republica Mexicana."
"Direccian de la LIMA. ["

"Republica Mexicana"
''Direccian de la Lima"
On the remaining side, its geographical
position, ssnorth latitude 800 81 5Y.58.
Longitude, III. 58m. 21s.l west of Green
witch, as determined by VIM. H. Emory,
on the part of the United States, and
Jose Salazar Ylarringin, on the part OF
Mexico.
Another of the same material and d.
mansions will be placed at point agreed
upon, near the mouth of the ella it will
bear the same inscriptions as the former,
except its latitude and longitude, which
will be, ssnorth latitude 800 49, 3W.58,
longitude 10 80, 1927, w. from Green
witch. Distance from the middle Of the
ella, where it unites with the Colorado,
327 metres, as determined by Lieutenant
A. w. Whipple on part of the United
States, and Jose Salazar Ylarrigin on part
of Mexico"
This monument will be erected about
ten feet above the adjoining level.
In addition there will be erected five
monuments Of cast iron, about 400 pounds
weight, with the same Inscriptions, except
as to latitude and longitude, and the names
of the astronomers.
They are to be constructed in the Uni
ted States, and Lieutenant Whipple, who
was passenger in the Oregon on her late
trip, has been entrusted with the superin-
tendence of the same.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

Tnr wEEprso CyPREss.-This splendid tree has
been introduced into England from the cast. Ina
habit and close eathcring foliage, like the little cy-
press vine and you will have conception ofths
tree as we have seen IL described. II our little
plant Of four inches, which has just reached us, at
a cost Of some ten dollars, ever makes itself into
tree we can perhaps describe it better from per-
sonal knowledge. There can be little doubt, how
ever that il will prove of the greatest acquis
tons TO our list OF hardy evcrgrcens.
american AgricuIfurisf.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

UNION MEETING IN STAUNToN.-The citizens OF
Augusta county assembled in Staunton on the 25th
Of March last, to consider the subject Of sending
delegates to the Nashville Convention. series OF
resolutions were adopted, positively declining to
be represented in that conven ton, and disapprov-
ing the action of the Virginia Legislature upon the
same, not coming properly within the limits OF
its jurisdiction. The minority report, which was
in favor Of representation i'm the convention, was
lost by vote OF more than ten TO one
Winchester (Va.) Republican.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

The MEDICAL CoLLEoE-Such is the anxiety of
the public to see the spot where the late awful ira
gedy was enacted, that free access TO the Medical
College, in North Grove street, has been granted to
the multitude by the proper authorities. About
one thousand persons visited the institution yester
day, and before nightfsll probably than that
number will have visited IL to-day, for the special
purpose of inspecting the apartments formerly oc-
cupied by the unfortunate Professor Webster. OF
fcer o. H. Spur is in attendance TO preserve pro-
per decorum, and 10 make any explanations which
may be required .-Boston Journal.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

AsTI-SEcTARIAN CoNvgNTIoN.-A convention TO
consider whether all sectarian distinctions are
not unchrstian, and should not, therefore, be abo
shed as obstacles in the way OF social progress and
human salvation" has been called to meet at Can
andaigua on the III instant, by Charles A. Whea-
Ward John Thomas, and others.--Iib. State Reg
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

The REsULT IN CoNsEcTIcur.-Tbe land Of
steady habits is remarkably unsteady in politics.
II is not always easy TO assign satisfactory cause
for the change which comes over the State. But,
in the present instance, authorities concur in as
crbing Il 10 the coalition between the Abolitonists
and the party which annexed Texasand secured five
additional slave States for the Union. We do not
mean that there is any inconsistency in this, for
we deem the anncxers Of Texas quite as sincere in
their professions about slavery the Abolitionists
To defeat the Wings is the paramount object with
both.-dIbanp STATE Rsgisfr.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

BoLp RoBBERy.-Tho barque Shannon, which
arrived at this port yesterday afternoon from New
Orleans, was robbed of ninety eight dollars while
lying at Battery wharf, about dusk last evening.
The rogues entered through the windows of the
captains state room, forced the lock of his writing
desk, strewcd his papers over bis berth, and having
tied up in small bag, dccamped with their booty
The robbery was committed while the officers and
crew were on board the weasel, and within an hour
Of the time she was made fast to the wharf Boston
Journal
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

The New York Mirror announces the following
novel course Of criticism il Is managed by tho
daily press:
"a notice of some sort is expected by the pub
fishers of every thing sent TO an editor; and TO
praise or condemn what has not time TO read IL
neither fair nor honest"
The principle s as old as the palmy days of Sid
ncy Smith, that the critic should read book
before reviewing, "t prcjudices one 90. - Provi
depr< Journal.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

IsTEmPERANcE, like law, is emo respecter Of per-
sons" Among the victims Of the vice brought into
the police court this morning, to be seen the
well-dressed young man, the hardy mechanic Of
middle age, and the lettering old man, who would
istence by the indulgence of destroying appetite
Very frequently this picture is colored and made
more striking by the fact that ,oomen too, Of all
ages, among the unfortunate group who are
thus daily exhibited in this court.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

A NEW VERSION OF THE BrBLE.-The Baptist Re
corder publishes a call for mass meeting at the
Oliver st. Church, for the purpose of demonstrating
against the proposition to publish new edition of
the Bible, containing among other things the sub
stitution of the word immere for bapfise, in tho
other English versions. Many of the most eminent
men of that denomination are opposed TO the alter
alton for after all il would be of no avaithe mean
ing Of all disputed passages requiring TO be settled
not by reference to TRANSACTIONS but to the original
Greek and Hebrew.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08
The TARFF.-The Albany State Regis.
ter, in commenting on Mr.. T. BUTLER
KINGS late report on California, observes:

t6, III CohihiehlinS OH MT. L. DUTLER
KINGS late report on California, observes:
at is a sad spectacle to great nation like
this sending the flower Of her population to dig in
the mines for money to pay for what ought to
produce ourselves. return to that American sys-
tenn Of which Mr. CLAY has been called the father,
and which Mr. FILLMoRE embodied in the tariff act Of
1912, is loudly demanded. And, gentlemen of the
Senate and Of the House Of Representatives we re
spectfuly invite your attention to that portion of
the Presidents annual message, in which he
commends the substitution of specific for ad valo
rem duties. Unless you take the matter in hand,
we fear Mr.. Kings golden dream Of wealth and
comfort hitherto unknown will not be realized by
for some time 10 II will be to little pur-
pose TO exclude foreigners from digging the
gold, as recommended by him, If it is TO be cx-
changed for the products Of their capital and indus
try as soon as it is out Of the ground"
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

ALAsTHUs TREEs.--A writer in the Cincinnati
Commercial states that il has been satisfactorily
proved that the proximity Of the Asnthus, or Tree
particularly during the towering season; that in
numerous cases IL has caused swooning, &c. II
this be true, the matter deserves attention,
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08
I'VE roREIoN AnnIvALs al dis port, for the quart

The FOREIGN ARRIVALS at this port, for the quarter
ending March 3lst were, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS S3
In lS49, for the same time. ........,...... 1853
The clearances for foreign ports, for the same
quarter this year, were. .........,..........2 95
In lS49, for the same time .................2N
Showing increase of "a arrivals and "a clear
ances this year, the corresponding quarter OF
last year.
The revenue from customs at this port for March,
1850, was northumberland. $646,353
For March, ls49, it was. ........ 500,575
Increase this year. .....,......... $145,S0S
For the first quarter Of 1880, the row.
enue was ....................S 1,s45,965
Same quarter in 1919. ......... ,2O3,739
Increase in 1850, over Is49.... S642,2 26
or upwards Of 50 per cent.-Boston atlas.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

Mr. LuTHER SEVERANCE, distinguished citizen
of Maine says that, in the controversy between the
North and the South, he is disposed to stand be-
tween the two. Let him by all means take sides
either with the North or with the South--there
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

fire In Boston during the past month, is s1s,o50,
and the ascortained amount Of insurance on the
same IL SI2,375.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

DEATH rRom NEwsrAPER ATTAcK.--Tho Cleve-
land Herald mentions the death OF DR.. Samuel
Strong, of Elyria after short illness, the exciting
cause OF which arose from - attack upon his char
scter, in the Courier newspaper, published at that
place.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

(signcd) CAMPBELL & SMITH,
Oregon City.
The above is moderate statement of the prices
current; many Of the articles at this time held
at higher prices.
(Signed) S. M. HOLDERNESS,
III. LEE & CO.,
A. LEE LEWIS, ii. Il. co.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-04-08

FRASxLN TOWNSEND, csq., has been unani
mously nominated for Mayor by the Wings Of
Albany.