The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1850-03-21
THE UNION.

tiply by q il gives you Soos. Take the number "a,
and go through the same process, multiplying by "a,
and the amount for doing the less work, then, with 81 SO
compensation, comes 10 $3.50 more than the man who
does The most work went ON with those different cal
culauons, and took the different grades for wanted to
take the different grades OF the fall in order TO show the
monsIous inequality OF the bill. Multiply 900 BY 49,
which constitutes being less than SOY another grade Of
compensation and gives you 4400; and then you pay
az the rate OF $s per hundred, which gives you 1928 for
that mans compensation, coming within $45 OF the COM
pensalon OF the who has to take 900 people more
than that takes. In other words, sir, relatively
you only allow $45 in this state OF the case for taking
population OF 800 souls And then, sir with regard
TO the additional travel man has to undegofor he has
TO travel by the OF population the ter
rtory great deal further than ii the population was
sparse-I put the same rule downto twenty miles square,
and find that the result OF that is, that the man who
takes the population, where there is only AZ to the
square mile, gets within 2Q as much pay as The man
VINO takes the population in the 30 miles square, with 10
10 the square mile In that relatively, the indl
yduaI who takes the population gets less than two mills
per head when, according 10 this b The lowest amount
in the most densely crowded city is cent and half
per head. Here you have him riding over the county,
and giving him less than two mills per head.
Now, SIT, do not half stop here. You may take the
aberom beginning to end, and all the jumps II makes
in the compensation will work precisely in this way !;
and is utterly impossible 10 prevent il under any such
system OF compensation as this Why sur, before pre-
scented my rule TO the committee, took up the compen
saton OF States according to their square miles, and the
population to the square mile in the different States and
the greatest inequalities exist under the last census But
~. y 43 y T.
Here is a plain statement that. 10 mathematical
mind. leaves the thing beyond the possibility OF being
questioned. The rule given us works exactly as have
told you, and il is utterly impossible to prevent t.
Well, sir, having found out these inequalities which
particularly manifest set myself to work 10 know
whether there was any way to prevent ~ and BY some
rule to combine the time spent in taking the population
with the travel that the must undergo in order to
get the people before him and think Ihave made rule
which works as automatically certain in all states Of
the that two and two make four and which does
Justice to everybody Now, sir. il the senator from
Maine Mr.. HAMLINl will be kind enough TO listen TO
very plain case, il will illustrate the whole. Sup
pose there are four square miles. That will be
two miles each way Of the square. This is the small
est case consider, and when we consider this,
it applies to million square miles as well as to
square miles, and only four families If have those four
families located about the centre Of each of those square
miles, you will just have TO travel four miles to get TO
each OF their houses Begin at the centre of square
mile and go to the centre OF another, and you have one
miles travel 10 the centre of another will be two then
TO the third will be three miles; and then back home
miles OF travel take you through the square miles, and
you have got TO the four families Then you take the
square root OF the square miles, being two and the square
the other, il makes four--the number of miles which
you have travelled You may extend that to ten millions
OF families, oren millions OF square miles; and you will
dot the families equally the whole, il will give you
the precise number OF miles that the rdepay
marshal must travel to get to each family H. therefore,
the families could be placed in exact mathematical and
distance apart, the rule would work with equal math;
ematca precision, and give you the precise number OF
miles that the census-taker must travel
The next question was, knowing they were not scatter
ed the country with that mathematical exactness-
knowing that the families were not placed exactly the
centre OF each square mile-the next question was.
whether in their dispersion the country, they were
sprnked with sufficient equality in all parts OF the coun-
try TO justify the assumption of that rue And the COM
mee, upon reflection thought that It would justify the
exact correctness il would be in behalf OF the marshal
Now, let me prove it to YOU. Il would benefit the CEN
aker, if il was not distributed as have told you
exactness have supposed il would benefit
the marshal little, and but very little will show you
how Titles and when you come to look at IT, you Will see
that II is sufficiently accurate to represent the rule Sup
pose that the families in the counties placed in rows
with all the regularity OF the OF spoken OF BY
the senator from North Carolina, MR. MAsGuM:] then
reach all these families. But it, in the upper part OF the
country they thny scattered and all congregated
below, the will have TO travel less dis
lance than he would if scattered the whole surface
We thought that, there OF them upon this
lake upon that little of rich land in the county,
II need not be matter OF much concern in the Senate and
House OF Representatives that the census aker should
make perhaps, few picayunes few dollars more for
their being congregated more upon particular neghbor
hood than IL pasered over with equal smoothness every
where II placed in equal numoers upon each square
me in regard families the rule is perfectly accurate in
every particular The bill requires that the amount OF
square miles in every district assigned TO the assistant
anu IL ALSO Iequier thc
number OF families in every district shall Likewise be re-
ported You have, therefore, two elements You have &C
codng the provisions OF the BILL The number OF square
miles which you have had every census heretofore
taken, and you have also this bill the number OF fam
lies You then that you have upon the bill pro-
vision for returning all the elements necessary for the APP
plication OF the rule with perfect precision The only
defect that see in il is, that in quarters OF the
country there will be little advantage on account OF the
population being thiny scatered and that is the little
advantage which the -aker gets, and that is all
1 am willing to give him that little advantage.
Mr.. YULEE inquired why II was necessary 70 make
any provision with regard TO mileage lie had re-
CURED to the acts Of 1880 and 1910, and in those acts no
such provision had been made.
Mr.. UNDERWOOD. will answer my friend from
Florida with great deal Of pleasure Former acts, as
have already stated, attempted TO compensate under
combined rule, referring both to the number OF square
miles and the population TO the square mile OF course
under all the rules OF compensation heretofore prevail
ing they have endeavored TO make il up OF two items
one the number OF miles that had to be travelled; the
other upon the extent OF population to the square mile
territory Of four hundred square miles, twenty miles
each way containing one hundred TO the square mile,
surprising that there twenty in each family would
contain FIVE families the square lie. To reach all
more miles than il there were bur family TO the square
mile. Ii there is but one family TO the square mile,
the travel Is greatly diminished and the rules heretofore
have combined these facts something like the form oil
the compensation table presented by the senator from
Georgia. That is an unjust rule every way, as ] have
already shown; and the question Isl whether you can
make any rule to combine these elements with anything
like precision and certainty II can be done, you take
the square root Of the number OF square miles, and the
square rooot OF the number OF families, and multiply the
one product into the other By rule OF that sort you
get certainty, as have already EXPLAINED. | do not