Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1850-01-03

hlnely elglt @ No., thap the question Of the effect OF
ths production of wheat would DC ahswe ~ cron md
ito cs of seed wheat from the value oil 'ne e"P, Coz
o o"1 IN th remainder u be large prOhtto 'ne ia
The manufacture of cotton coh begun ",, nt BY tn,
inv of The rtoR--it is carried 10 c. h, The spinue
sn,r and thsu taken ~ and peat ced oy cue mag
nnd weaver The planter ana ~, y, stages
ed ia different branches q ID a firm OF cloth
culned of about two hundred and sixty fuul
Millions
The planting States have adde many millions to the
annual production of the country by the tre Of cotton
BY continuing The process they could quaduplr That al
dtOn.
The planter would then have amarket his door for all
his produce, and the farmer would N like manner have
home market for his. The power of consumption Of not
only breadsts, but of every article useful or neces AIRY IN
the feeding, clothing, and sing OF man. would Dc Vasty
worcestershire consumer and producer would be broug'
nearer To each Other-and in fact stimulus would be app-
ed TO every branch of productive industry,
II Is GRATIFYING to know that the manufacture OF COTTON
mas already bdeE introduced into several OF the "hng
states, (See document marked - h to anhehtd,)
and 1t ought not to be doubted, will rapidly be eNtehd'
The manufacture Of iron, wool, and our other staples,
would lead similar results The effect wopd be vast
a9emendtU IF olr wealth and power -
Upon commerce the effects might be expected 10 : il
pUssib still marked. II - not enough To SAY thh
no count diminished It's ;umnGce by increasing us
production -lnd that Il" injury would therefor ie'u =
t1 interest. Theri wudI probably be- MT only Eet
increase IN the amount, hut M inlprVemm MOI lesH m
portant IN The nature Of our ekmmerce. 1900
VI The immense add tuu would accrue to our lher
nal md coasting IT de- (vhf IN every uty firm the
great and ms Valuable body Of cnmrrc.) II is unn ces
sary to do more than. r(y speak in passing Ol IL
may BE- well To offer a few remarks On I1ie!gh CUM
merce
Co il the machinery If exchange It is the land
maid o agriculture and manntactues 1t "lH nol oe az
hrmed that ever positively injurosbu win be more
or less useful cooperates more or less win c pro-
dncve Industry of the country Ihe mere eafr'aGe %,
commodities By land is necessarily prdhtape ohy 10
the cartier, who is paid for IT, II may ng use" VI o ~
others, accnrdngO circumstances Inc lafier mus II
railroad great convenience, but he understands la II ~
his s,ed-whett and maj ure.
The which should consist in carrying roitnn
seed Abroad 10 be there grown would NOT De SO usV "
that which is now occupied exporting the raw cotton
grown al home We should easily und rsand ai1" INA,
the commerce thus employed would BE- ilHch more I''"
in amount and much less profitable to the carriers t'a
what we now have Yet our present commerce Is, IN ac
of the nature with that above described me SEE
beats to the cott the relation which the Cnun nals
to TIT CLOTH If we now export cotton oi me Vae VI u
sXysix millions, the cotton, Wit cohVeUeu ito
cur, would make an exp II otsune two hunuteu u"u ~
tyuur millions, some Two hundred ana tofiy ~ ~
ions after deductng the fifteen OF twenty mii'hS When
would be required for own consumption, gu au""u
Y the portion of our present hannt cturts Gl'u, ~
hebhe) and our imports would be thereby IN hNr mt'u
Increased. England, at tins moment derives large pr
tlOn1f her power frum spinning aud weaving our c"loh'
When We hall spin and Yourselves make our own
non; aHd manufacture other staples, We slih "No
transferred 10 this country The great centres OF weht com
merce ciea1ation, and POLITICAL as well as moral anu u"
tellectual power.
AT present. we are far from having the amount of FIR
egn Commerce which is due our position, as vHSty
productive country, with an extensive coat sou ltn9
great internal water courses, and people unsurpassed III
maritime skill end enterprise.
Our annual product were estimated by my predecessor
In thus Department, three Thousand million dJuS
winnie our average exports about one hlHd ca ahh h
teen millions and our npJt about one hundred ana SIX
millions king tOgeh; two hundred ana nhe'reh h
is, exclusive of gold and silver, and Of orlgn cnmnou
IeS Imported aud reeApnued. An eminent BRUSH au
ihorty estimates III annual creation OF wealth IN eat
Brtaln and Ireland, at natween two thousand one nun
9rsn ma iva thousand two hundred millions u we huu
uiucIeS by nlln between Intt anu 'pul
dred millions, shalt have total Of wn Thousand lVe
hundred millions. The British exports and imports am unt
annually to abuuthvt hundred and twenty mlllS eAcl
slve OF gold and silver and Of foreign commodities import
ed and lie exported Ii their foreign trade were hrJ"+h
down To our scale upon this estimate, would be reduced
10 about one hundr ind eighty three millions II ours
were raised To their seal, would reach about SIX nun
dird and twenty four millions
Estimating the population of Great Britain and Ireland
at thirty NIL ons, and population at lwenty-one NIL
nous, TIER foreign trade RACES SIT SO f each niVld-
uai ours ut so A. their foreign trade great +
thlh ours in proportion to puaton would b. reduced
from hVe hundred and twenty, To three bundled andtweNe
mhOhs our foreign trade were as great III pTop'r"n
70 population as Is theis, would be swaled IN amount
four millions.
ltadng ofthe existing difference is to b. found
N w irt thl Great Britain txp'rs chiefly what mas
nrst nsougt to the farm in which is ready t'r Hluht
miftet Is .anssf PC extensive viii me sivnzea
Al history shows that where the workshops ofthe
world there must be the mnrs of the world ana inc hrar
OF wealth, commerce aud power IL is as vain 10 nope 10
make these mas by providing warehouses as 1t would be
to make crop by buIdinga barn.
w. Whethir have "Orkslops to work up, at
least, our materials, depend upin the question,
whether we have or obtain sufficient advantages 10
justify the pursuit of thi, kind of industry.
The circumstances favorable 10 production in this con
try, may he stated be: ls Facility in procuring raw
materals. 3D. Abundance offu /. ID, Abundance ofI"d
and other articles necessary or the ani housing
Of the laoore 4h Tue sierlor efcisncy oil t' ap1reS
In comp lrlson with those of other countries.
The circumstances supposed to be untaVomble u our
production may be thus cassGd-
lst Want Of capita.
ID. DEAFNESS of our labor compared with that of 9TH
untries.
3D. Insecurity by exposure to the influence of violent
and excessive fluctuations of price in foreign markets. and
u undue reign CO.!petiti0n.
LIST, Capital, which is hut the accumulated savings Of
labor, Is believed to BE- abundant Among ourselves pf any
purpose to which it eau be profit IDLY applied 1t IS more
divided than III 9th c"untries ana aSSochuns e
capital are thrr FIRE common among us than else
where 1t viii he increased ny tn abr "i every success
year, aud FL Investments reason by SECURE, IL will
h,w in when v,r required (as it has always retfre
d1ne) from other coIulies, where may rAlsi N greater
abundance The amount of capital required for large
production is moi enormous. The Whole capital, for III
stance, eml"yed in the est blAMnt and support Of run
works in England and Wales IN lS47, has been estimated
less than one hundred millions If dollars the annual
production then beng about one million Two hundred
tons.
~. The diff renee bwaen the price of labor hers and
in Great bnaln Is certainly great and Is to be n"peI
and expected will be diminished by reduction of
wages here The difference has been estimated nj an ave
rage OF IS per cent Probably the average difference Is
much more Than that In some branches such as Tie man
ence Is IN part compensated by the Disadvantages under
which the "regn manufacturer is plIced ny the Necessity,
in some branches of procuring his material from
great dist nce or transporting heavy article Of production
such as iron TO distant market lnaddton, r Is press
ed by heavy burthen Of taxation The greater eci ncy
Of our labor Is to some extent, an additional compensatory
element This includes the greater capacity for acquiring
skill the superior general intelligence the higher inventive
faculty, the greater moral and physical energy both 81 sc
ton and endurance, which people possess IN conpa
isun with the foreign aborer. trtte fed clothed, hon'ed,
educaedc"nsciois Of the ability to lay up SOM capital
annually from his savings-encoumged 10 invest maj capt
tai in The enterprise in which his labor is engaged-ny
ing practically greater civil aud political berylookng
forward To indefinite future, in which, through MS own
good ndCt aud example, he may expect each successive
generiun of his descendants to BE- better circunsanetd
thIn its nredecessOrs cannot be doubted tn these al
vanages ada greatly tt the efficiency 81 OF the Amefc1h
labIrer. The precise extent whch they go towards
compsnsatng the difference in the price OF labor II Is ann
cult to define. The efficiency of labor may be exp4c
ed increase with the increase II reward TO The aborer
In many ofthe New England factories the burtrs are en-
cOuuged invest their surplus saEnngs IN the y OK o. me
company by which they employed, ana are thus sHl
lated by direct personal interest," ntbr grea st eXeroi
may be expected that this will be introduced inn
other branches in which may found PRACTICABLE tend
ing as it doe , so powerfully, elevate the aU.er il
crease pr ductl1n and practically instruct ai the
great Truth Of the essential harmony OF capal andid-
Dor. -
3D. Capital flows freely, at home and abroad in every
productive channel in which can flow safely, ana VIII
incur greater hlzzards IL they be such ms It's owner
may hope by the and circunspecltn OF MIN
self others whom he has c"ntdrd lis managrm5n-
But If he that Skill industry and ecoromy cannot a.
vail M and that, in addition TO Ill the contingencies oil
rivalry aud markets he Is to be further expnsed To dang rs
arising from quite beyond his control or cuunt1rac-
,ion he will hold back. The vaclaons which we DC,
Cured in policy have doubt deferred large amount
OF capital from Investment in industrial pursuits The en-
enlargement offered day and the faith Of winch
fixed Investments have been made, which arc exposed TO
loss by the Withdrawal of tht encouragement Gn the X
10 Ia fact substantial dscour cement And the insecurity
resulting repetition of such acts has been seriously
am. The fluctuations :. the foreign markets have for
ye4ss been such as iedenole unhealthy aud
.ea,.. 81 .,. 5"s'S sp,,ns ssS'i MS,
s sa:n e as s.ss "a 3
psinnd he British chS II Industry ms fd
a's = dsssles. piA With very lsees "
have been edacsd toa point very little above the co ~
haaffiais laDor aud repairs. OF course where the low
price paid for labor there viii be larger magn for re-
duet"D by the sacrifice 0f part nf the profit AMI VIII re
great accumulation Is In hand of the avail Of the business
Of former years. the may find il his Intcre. far
while to sell his commodity AZ less than the cost
by that means he drive out his rival oking ofcose
nhfRI. nanVs INT noytN