The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-06-20

ment solely because the South would not consent
be leg siated out Of them with her institutions and
now that this object Is accomplished by the coustiu
tion presented by California. these conservatives
these advocates of Law and or!erare eager admit
her, wtheut right or precedent, into the Union. We
of the inconvenieu eos the inhabitants of
California may have suffered for want of civil GO
vernment established by Congress and therefore,
prepared to yield much on account OF the circum-
stances in which they have been placed In the
lutions we have adopted and submit for your appro
baton, you will perceive that recommend you to
assent to the admission Of California State, on
certain conditions
The next measure is in perfect keeping with this
hrrs Of fne report Il takes from Texas terri
New Mexico. What the bill contains with respect to
slavery will be Of little consequence for it is designed
that next winter New Mexico thus constituted, shall
follow the example Of California, and be admitted
State witha constitution excluding slavery from its
limits for without such exclusion she cannot hope to
be admitted by the non slavehodipg States into the
Union. The effect will be, that territory, which
from The South and will be given TO the nonslave
holding States. The pretext is, that there is some
doubt as to the boundaries Of Texas Texas. by her
laws when she was admitted into the Union, had bat
one boundary towards the West and that boundary
was the Rio Grande Congress- In the resolutions admit
ting her INTO the Union this boundary lay
ing down line Of limitation between the saveholdDg
and -sayeholdiDg States (being the Missouri
promise line of 30 deg 80 min parallel Of north lai
tude) through that very part of her territory her
right to which Is now questioned Her boundary Of
the Rio Grarde to its source alone gave her this
county and was thus recognised and ratified by the
resolutions Of annexation To vindicate this boundary
for Texas member OF the Union, the Mexican war
took place. and in the treaty of Guadaoupe Hdalgo,
IL finally vindcated and settled by a clause in the
treaty designating the Rio Grsnde as the boundary
between Mckee and the United States. Thus, by the
laws of Texas, by the legislation of Congress by
SOLEMN treaty of the United States, the Rio Grande s
the western boundary of Texas Yet the pretension 10
three hundred miles of the Missouri compromise line,
where Congress in receiving her into the Union deter
mined that her territory should be divided between
the saveholdng ar d slaveholding States Texas
Is the only State in the Union which has the solemn
guarantee Of the government of the United State, in
every possible form to her boundaries Yet this is the
government which disputes them and, under the
pretext that they doubtful proposes to take
IRON her nearly Of her territory 1t is by vir-
tue of such that by the bill two States are
to be taken from the Southern aud given to the North
ern States; and this wrong is aggravated by compel
ling us to pay for 1t, through the Treasury Of the
United States.
1t is undoubtedly proper that Texas should be qui-
sted Is TO her boundaries but she should be quieted
by law of Congress- plainly acknowledging them
II, after her boundaries are settled the General Co.
or aool faith to u p the 0i Jhs
the annexation Of Texas 10 the Union requires
should think proper TO purchase any territory from
Texas the arrangement msy be unobjectionable But
any arrangement, concerning her territories which
leaves shade of doubt the right of the peopls of
the South to enter any portion of the territory which,
according the terms of anne xaton are now free 10
tht neither Texas the General Government have
any right make The terms of anneIaton constitnte
the compact Of Union between Texas and the other
States Of the conf derscy-and this compact
rrevocaby to the people Of the yehcdng states the
lying south Of SO deg 30 min north lattude-whilst
from all her territory lying north of that line they
excluded. The bill In the Senate makes provision
for carrying out these terms OF the compact but leaves
In doubt the right Of the Southern people throughout
all the territory proposed to be purchased whilst many
no support the bill declare that In effect Ii excludes
entirely the people Of the Southern States from all the
territory purchased The least evil therefore, ths
bill bring to the people OF the Southern States,
on enteripgit win be contention harrassment and liti
gatisn.
But you will have q very inadequate conception Of
he ferrt ken m Te Inv
the bill II you confne your views to Texas. III you
will look at the map Of the United States you vii! per-
ss' s ss 70 sxent Re sons
we,terH frontier OF the Indian territory This /. now
q slavcholding country, and must be considered a
part Of the South. Place along their whole western
boundary two nonslsyeholding States. and how long
will the Indians be able to maintain the Institution OF
slavery, IL the sgency of Congress Is not used to
abolish slavery in The Indian territory, this end
lie easily accomplished by the very now in
operation agaiDst slavery n the Southern States which
the Indian will have but little power TO resist. The
for two States, will be coDtrolld by tho non-
slayeboldipg States Thus by these two points in ths
mis-, two in Texas, and two in the Indisn territory
Nor Is this all The non-slavehoding States will be
broreht TO the western boundary Of Misssuri and
Arkansas along their whole extent, and will bound
Texas on her whole northern and western frontier.
Thus, the Southern States will be hemmed In by the
slavehoding States their whole western border
policy which they have declared essential TO the
en- of aboshng slavery in the 5out hsrn States What
can eomps nsaie the South for such an enormous
wrong and syoliationi
H, this Is not the end OF your concessions by this
report We must not only yield to the intsres,s but
existed In the District OF Columbia when Congress
accepted the cossion Of the territory eomPosing IT,
from ths States Of Maryland and Virginia No one
can suppose that Maryland and Virginia, slavehod-
Ing States then and slaveholdng States now, could
have designed TO give Congress any power over tho
instution oftlayefy In this territory Independently
Of the wrong to the people ofhe District, 10 emsuci
pate their slaves 1t would be intolsrable evil to
ave district between them where patton pre-
COuqrsFs.
till reported a. part Of the 80 called compromise,
nov isgins the work Of Emancipation, by declaring
that IL any slave l. brought into the District for SALE
he shall be liberated aud free.n IL slave u lbcra
ted because he is brought into the District, the next
step % lberae him because he l. In the District h not
fcult. The power TO cmsncipate the slaves In the
District of Columbia IL thus claimed aud exercised by
denied that Congress possesses aSy such power whilst
all agreed until lately that for Congress to interfere
with this institution whilst slavery existed In Mary
land and Virginia, would be gross breach OF faith to-
ward those States, and an outrage upon the whole
South. How long will that facility which yields 60 the
all 10 resist the greater prejudice which exists against
the holding Of slaves at all in the District oi Coun-
bisl
For all thsse sacrifices 20 the interests and preju-
dices 81 the people the North the south IL tsnrci
the last measure ofthc compromise fugitive slave
bill, az they propose TO amend IT, To understand the
extent Of TIE concession the South receives this
point must look to the rights the constitution
fcTs.
The trainers OF the constitution were perfectly
aware that the general government could have but
little power secure them their fugitive slaves In
Il nor-saveholspg States. The whole internal po-
lice OF state must be under the control Of the state
and by thi. chieay could slaves be recapturod The
consituton therefore not relying on the legislation
Of Congress alone, requires that fugitive slave ef
Gaping into non-slayeholding state shall be deli
vcr,d upon claim Of the party TO whom he belongs.
Fugitive slaves put the footing OF fugitive cri
minss and are TO be delivered ny By the State auihe
rites III these authorities do not enforce the require
mens Of the contribution and aid in the recapture
and recovery of fugitive slaves Congress do but
little 20 enforce them. The bill providing for the co.
operation Of the few officers of the United States GO
verrmsnt in State, is practically quite insufcient
20 accomplish It's aim. What they 10 in such
sste a. Pennsylvana TO recover fugitive savesf Yet
II Congress does all that II do, by legislation 10
enforce the contribution II oEy does its duty 20 the
South There can be no concession or favor TO the
South In giving her only what she has right 10 have
under the conttitution-unlsss indeed. the constu-
ton for her has existence. The bill then H. In the
fret place quite inadequate TO restore 70 us fugi
tive flsvcs and In the second place gives the South
nothing but what che Is entitled 20. II this all,
the would be nothing In the bin for which should
coIc,dc anything 60 the North But II IL not all.
Under the prete1t of bestowing ne benefit, per-
peirates patton on the reserved rights of the
ilfat hat Law m IL mi