davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31


dary. Hence, he regards the formation OF
this State Constt"ion ~ mere hoN'v'
II may he regarueu' '""eeo' ~ P~"'o" W
Congress to be admitted - State; hut.
until Congress shall grant she prayer o.
such petition, by legal e"ac'mem's. " anecn
the rights OF neither party. ""'' - " :"
the right Of all to petition congress Tor any
law which il may eonst't"u""slv pass ms
people were in the exercise OF common
right when they formed their Co"s'""''o"'
with view Of applying to tongrcsS ,"'
admission as State and, m ne "'"~" we
act can prejudice M one. nc 'ce's oo""" "
approve OF the conduct OF toi' """'"' !"
issuing the Proclamation.
! am directed. also. to state thst' !" '"'
PRESIDENTS opinion, It would not In ]os' !"
suppose that the late President desired 10
manifest any unfriendly attitude or aspect
toward Texas or the claims OF seN"s. Inv
boundary between Texas and New NcS'co
was known to be disputed and It was
equally well known that the executive gov
eminent of the unitcd states had no power
to settle that dispute. u is believed the eh'
ecutivc power has not wished-it certainty
does not now wish-to Interfere with That
question, IN any manner whatever, NJ
question OF title.
IN one of his last communications TO
Congress, that Of the l7th June last, the
late President repeated the declaration that
he had no power to decide the question OF
boundary, ard no desire to interfere Win
IL aud that the authority to settle that
question resided elsewhere. The object OF
the executive government has been, as be-
lirvc, aud AS | am authorized to say It Ger
tainly now is. To secure the peace OF the
countr, to maintain ~ FAR AS praci'cahl"
the state of things rs II existed NJ the date
of the treaty and to uphold and preserve
the rights of the respective parties an they
were under the solemn guaranty OF the
treaty. until the highly interesting question
of boundary should be finally settled ny
compc,cn, authority.
This treaty which is now supreme law
Of the law OF the land. declares. rs before
stated. that the inhabitants shall be main.
tanned and protected in the free enjoyment
of their liberty and property, and secured
in IN. free exercise of their religion. II
will of course. be the Presidents duty to
see that thi. law is sustained and the pro.
lection which il guarantees made ehectual---
and this /, the plain and open path Of exc.
cutiyc duty, in which he proposes to tread.
Other transactions of very grave char
1cter. are alluded to, and rccited in your
gNcelleuc,'s letter. To those transactions,
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

CwouxxA-Two deaths Of cholsss &
Cured at Cleveland. Ohio. On W y
inst.
Al Cincinnati. during The forty eight -
ending on The 10Th insl there wsss =
eleven deaths by cholera. l..
The health Of Louisville 10 almost ~.
~ restored. On the 18th inst there -
bat -four deaths from cholera nsosesa
Tho cholera was raging 70 some -
in Newcastle. Ky. Thomas smith, =.
President Of ths Louisville aud Frss'
Railroad Company. died a hat place -
7th inst
1hsvr were bxt SIX deaths Of che!s" !.
Frankfort, n.y.. dsring the weeh s:ss
the aaA inst. The health Of the pises =
decidedly impvo' ing.
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

n 'rh. followipv - an extract from i
Il, ,,,u- ,.,.N N.
""'' "'"''e III ''' '''"'''"'' '''"'| "'"
ocr";
New Mexico has formed State Gu
sttution prohibiting slavery. 4 mixed az
ignorant population, consisting of ANN
cans. Mexlcans, Spaniards, and Indias
morally incapable OF sel''governmen!, nav
determined 10 Keep out Tue "'e'""e" ''"'a
erners. ih's IS even more Presunp.a"s'
Than California, where there was aT
adm'sture OF the Anglo saxon race, VIZ
were acquainted WIN the '"eor' ana p,a
nee OF our republican governments %
both should be indignantly rcoaAeo an
dnve" back TO terrl'or'a' P"p""g', 10 'ea'
wisdom from experience ana Apply 'of I"
mission IN regular way u! remains
be seen, whether the south VIII tame'y @s
mt 10 bs dctraude"' nv Executive a'"nce.
or roooed' "y Tue em''ne "su'I""""'
the Executive or MS suoo'"iha'es' +"
rights ana equality VINO VIII oe 'ne ="
S"niher"er 10 advocate waiver OF .''es'
lar't,es ana ."e no'"'ss'o" OF Ne" "eAf'
'o 80" III. H. .,,s.;"n. iin;"n W." ,Ls a.
~ !" w." ~ ','h,.;, ,o;,, r,., Us,,v civ
u"S'"," " s"""' w" ~ Nn..Is.. 49,,
'' , 'I Nv ~: ', ~ =, d.... n...,, =
l '" "" Ill.,, h I'd -. ,h;nL II. ,a,l, !,
Wv. ,.;,l WV" ''.., ",so.,.h w., .",.N car.,
P "s,;r'; ga '''s" wv a'" '
'" -" ,oo.o =.
mere are now ""o"' 'V,uo 'ner y
New Mckee" composed OF Ame nc =.
>pan,af I'a Az" "eA''""s' ana ABOUT ~.
o. W'W~ INDIANS r"''''eo' unc'V''''',
hai'c''''hed ana 'afoaro"' people, :.
w"en WI, "e' IN 'e"oy 70 come !" ="
sta'e' SIR, ! say It u"der q 'ali sens :
the responsibility OF my position mat. ~
morrow. with such p"P"is''o"' ana ss6
eo"s'''n''o" AS such people might "'as.
they were to come mere Tor ADMISSION
State, Tor one would not so,' 'ot I" !
wo"" '" '"""'""'' """'' NC
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

authorities were not to h inserter,i -
by the military. Otherwise tAan 10 ~
tanned On az proper occasions. ltvsJ
this effect:
"ln regard 70 that part Of wAsa IL /.
cans called New Mexico. lying sass = 4
Rio Grande. The clvil asshority whieh -
A. has established or may establish Il
10 bc respected, and in no manner w.. 7
interiered with by the military force |, ~
department. otherwise thsn TO lend ~ :
proper occasions in sustaining it," Y
This order was expressly revitsa
adopted by Mr.. Secretary Crawfordia ~
structions to the same officer Of the 4.
the nth Of March, 1870. with The ~
modification that il WAS not anticipated q
Texas would extend her jsrisdicsion y =
remote region; but. il she attempted y !
SO, he would NO arrange his eommaat \
not to oppose or come in conflict viii Z
authorities and jurisdiction Of Texas n
portion Of il WAS in the following langvs,,
have to remark that il is not exress
Texas will undertake to extend h,r d.
government over the remote region dssiv,.
tod but should she do NO, YOU will eoss
YOUR action, under the clause above e.
to arranging your command !" such NJ.
ncr "A not to come in conflict sSith he 4.
thorities so constituted.
Thus both the administrations Of NJ.
Polk and General Taylor admitted the ~
of possession to h. in the State Of Ten
and ordered il to bc delivered over 10 hs,
thorities Il was AZ invitation to her 10 u
possession Of the country. President I'll
more now changes these orders. after l.
right of possession has thus vested in Il
State Of Texas, and been Acknowledged
this government 1t is a gross usurpasios
and fraud upon the rights Of the STATE
The instructions Of Mr.. Crawford to Cd
Mccall, Of the 10Th Of November, Ian
directing the military authorities in NJ,
Mexico to assist the people Of New Msrs
in the formation Of State constitution, n
not in terms to change the order Of i,
10Th Of March. No boundary ia n,entis,
ed. Nothing is said which could warrss
Col. Munroe in authorizing the people q
the east bank Of the Rio Grande to pa,tisi
pate in that State government. am sw.a
that General Taylor minated to CongrsI
that h. intended to maintain the possessiis
for the 'nited States on the east bank II
the Rio Grande until the question Of bs~
Diary was settled. but he never iss~ed M
order to that effect.
President Fillmore, therefore, has chas
ed the whole position Of this question, "
threatens to uphold that change by he fo's
Of arms.
Il now remains to be seen whether N,
.reign State of this Union can h invsds
b, the federal government, and subdued wit
in its own limits BY military power and No
lencc. The solution Of this question I'll
form an era in the history Of this gosen
mcnt.
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

TvE PsroL REroar.-The Baltimes
Sur has an abstract II the report Of :
Senate Committee on the affair Of bsxrA
roorx, and the Pistol II makes Mr.. bD
Ton, in the first degree, responsible Tor I
ftacas; acqui.s Mr.. foorE Of all ass's'.
movements and intentions, condemns
wearing OF deadly weapons in The So
recommends that nothing farther b. doss I
the premises, and hopes that Tie lihs u
not happen again.
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

A.. ..St.. II.
nv" '''"''".' ~ ,e
sue" sy.,' - H.. r,,;vs .,,cnd. only
~.
~ Wv - - -...i,., 4, 6,,r. and I'M.
"~".o III a.. 81, ,f tho I;,;,.d
ro y. ~. -:...In, ~ IN. ,;oh.. which
ns~' !" Wv 49,. cn,,.,,.s
=. .a..,,..Iv A..;r,hIe thai mn occa.
-. e., ~. .,.,r;.. nj the
-. ,hn. v..,.d !, The President by the
ra..,,,n,,on and IN. I.w. With whatever
-. ,ho.. ,,u.,, r,yh, h. executed.
y, hox.,., cl.,, the case Of necessity. vet
" -, ,,o,.,..h.l... ,,llo,, -,
-, ,, ,,,....,. .,,b.,
Il, +. ~, n,I
- 49,. Ia, h,t,,. C,,,,... tho
n III. r,..lI,,cv III. Cav.
49,, -. .nd IN. ,n,w.r ,bcre,o and
49,. IT o,..,y.,;o,. al h,v.
HI, Is. occ,.ion called for r,.nec,inp
.an.,;,,,,o,.I ,hl,,,,ion. which NAV arise
i, ,,a G,r,h.r ,,,I,rc,s Il things and may
J..a,.o ON 49,. IN ~. ncrforn,ed hon.
Ali no, \. ,eg,,dsd a. .,enn,ng ..;d. IRON,
The Inn. NJ nv duty. Notwithstanding thai
I a., ,.,,s ,h., tho .ub,ec, is ,ou he,or.
roth Uou.e. II c,o.,ss ms doe, and
.,,.o., co,,,,,,o, of ill.,. ,,,,o,,a,c. N. N,
immediate decision. n, arrangement or set.
,,.,,.,, of IN. oue.,;on of h,n,d.ry he.
,vccn Tcxas mo-, tho ,err,,o,v ot New
W.,;co an .,n.;d.,,,,on. NJ ;us,,c. Gen.
oral e,,.d,eo.. .,d d,ne.,,c ,,,nouil,t,
o.Ii r., -, !, . 90 h, !, u. .h,,oc
,.r ., s;,;an A., sr., no an. ~ the
il, ~ IL, o.,,1,, ,r,u,,, an, or fine
fC.Icnr,;a and \., N.,iro
a,.l 400, r.,,,;,,,,,, d.c;.,o,
a. c,..,,', "a, h. os,.Jhsh.J for
81 ~ IL, s,.,a -, ,,,,;,o,;J ~.
~ !, .L,u ha sr., ,.cc,,,;,.J ,,b., <.,,
II !. a.d .b,, ,,. nor bmi,. aud
hann,ar.. Jbc.. cannot he 6xcd o,
49, IN ,ho lno of d,y;.,o, ho,,,oon bo,
""J .rn.a. Iii J.. ,s.,r,,n, od and o.,,h.
Nv ' ."I '',''a..,s oaJ ,,", ,h,s ,o..nn.
,"Jr.a, -, on ,h.,
4, ,.hi;.i.oJ H..
|ana.. ,';,h a.. asson, oe Al. o,y.,,,.
IT., ~" T.. 49, g., - M.
"."' r.
$50 ~ ." u. - Il, F'o -,
',"s' =, ~" ~, Wv w"
fn."'", /" J ''''"' r". -, ,'as.-;l,. T.,
80 ''.I roD'. III WV. H., H. an .roh
49, NV Iii
"'"'', ~, igIa. j.; IL. ...a !. %
w. - 60 49, -, ..I,
w ".oa !" 'u;a, ..J ,.;,,h, hs
A. -, d,.,.,lan.as ,nJ cnII,.;ons
,"' W "e''' " 49, -, ,u. a..
W Wv ar'a g. d. ,.;.Jan ~, ran.
"''''o'' '','e ,.t. 49, aa,ra.a,.
'N''D 's 49,,
y, Wv "pf'"' ',,.'a,' I'D I'D
y, :,'.';,'. ~ w. .,.J., H., ,han, ~.
:" " ~ , go. ., .,h;,r.,ion
"p"'u w ~. ',;, ., Ia..
VIZ" '"s"' ps a.,,,n.''houJ ,ha
~ a., 49, q" ,a.," ~, nav, MI Known
WI" ', w. ....,I, of d,o;,I;n, nn
:, g..,,i. nd n,ona,,, nav. "a !, ,r,hahIv
,.c,JJ to ala, III. ,s,o,, oe the tommi..
';a.a.. /, ~, lam ~ ,,,s q, tho mar,
:, r.. a,,,o.r. ,n Co,,,ess IN hs ,yell
c,n.daJ IN shnl. a, !, mr., il ia !, tho
,a,ana, ., Co,n,... ~ og,r h.r 81, IN.
d,nri,y for IN. surrender If that claim.
~. H.. ri. sur,nnnd.d a. !, ia hy
,,,nv eo,.n, considerations all calliuy for
an,,..hl, .d,us,msn, md immediate settle.
..,aa, ,ho Cny.ru,.n, If N. unit.d states
Ill ha ;,.,;eoJ ;n m, ,n;,;on i, ,llo,,.
;.,j.,,;,, - T.x.s no, n,ro,.o,
ri. .nd ex,r,v.,a,, I'm, fair liberal and
n,.a.J,J ;n ;.., .,;r;, If Recommendation
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

- b00o -
,. transmitted
me '""""''s ~ ,o Tu~..i.v
=" ""m m":s. :"
Asss~ - 'e
TO ~ StsSis ena
Hssse 81 ~
! keressn us"sm" :" "'' wv 49, ~
<on9ress le'~f INV" w.
G"vcr": 81 Iesss' ""''" "u "'1
~ jane last, address," w w. -"
dent OF the un'te" s'""s' WHICH, nv
ting beeH answe'e" ny num- '""'
hands on b's oeau'' a'" ! s'o ~.
copy ~ the answer VINE" ""' 49,.
bs my dn'y !" cause " "e "~"' W
communication. ,ncor
Uo"g'ees wn' !e'ce,'e 'n"' ". .,h.,;,,
II lesss oH'c'ai'S sn''s "'' - I'
1T the 'cg'sa'nFe %, 'nA' ''''', y, e." -.
Cd sirc'a' c""'"''s'""'' VIM ~, ..,.
ma INSTRUCTIONS I" 's""" Wv WV
''r"'" W .nc ..""' W. Wv - .,J
eoa"''cs OF :" 'n'o' ''''". IT,,
santa re- s'"a''u o." ''' "'''''
It's. -,..
TIC proceeds 70 say '''' ''' a., .'.a
or had reported 10 nun III a" ''"' =" =. A.
thnt the military o"'efs '"P'''."
go y, ;,...I .d,.,selv with the
..'n'n.,... A. s,,s,ne,, -, his ob,ec,
inhh'''"nts =" '"' ,'''',''''"' ~
N h'"r "' 'he f'''''n''''n' y, a.I,
nd ..',,;a IL. r;oh,Gl limit. If In, state of
r. ,r, ,... ,,,,,;.s ub;cb Texas
,,.s ,.o,..". 10 a.,ohl;xb and orpauize as
49, ,,,.;,, No. ov,,, ,u,.d;c,ion. extend
H., ,.halo If ,,,o ,.r,i,o,v cas-, of the
W.. 90 ..L;,l, h.. h.,.,o,orc been rc.
L.l s.',;aJ .nJ ;u,ec,al oar, of
a.. v,x;cn o,d ,c,,,,,x governed and
uo....-.d tv h., ,co,,. mid conquered
I'D ...a..L f. H. ,aouhi;r of Mexico
D.. ,,., A,,..;.. a.
rIc I.o;.l,,,,o ~ Texos has been call.
.S ,...,ha, H., hor ,:o,o,r,r (or the pur.
,u... =. i ,,Jo,.,,oJ ~ maintaining her
LIZ, ~ ,Lo ,.,r,;,os,. c,., Of the Rio
C,,nd. ,nJ If c.,nlu.biny over i, her
owr ,n,;s,i;c,;on and h.r avn law. bv force.
.,qr. .o,,,,.a. =, r.,,s may well
arrest the attention Of ali the branches Of
the government Of the United States and
I rejoice thnt they occur while the Con.
vrc.s il vet in session. 1t is. fear, FAR
from being impossible that. in consequence
~ these proceedings Of Texas cri.i. may
he brough, on which shall summon the two
house. Of Congress still more en-.
pha,icnlly the executive goycrnmcnt-to
m immediate readiness for the performance
of their respective duties
Nv the constitution of the United States,
the President is constituted commaudcr.in.
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

Austin, 1sras, June, IL, 1850
To His Ere isncy. Il. Taylor:
SIN: BY authority of the Legislature Of
Texas. the Executive OF the State, in Feb.
ruary last dispatched Special Commission.
er, with full power aud instructions to extend
the civil jurisdiction of this State over the
unorganilcd counties of RI Paso. Worth,
Preside. and Santa Re, situated upon its
Northwestern limits.
That Commissioner has reported to me,
in an official form, that the military ofii.
GERS employed in the service OF the United
States, stationed at Santa Fc. interpreted
adversely, with the inhabitants. to the fulfil
mcnt Of his object, by employing their in
flucnce in favor Of the establishment OF
separate State Government, Eas. Of the Rio
Grandc, and within the rightful limits of the
State OF Texas. transmit to you, here.
with, the Proclamation Of Col John Nun.
roe. acting under the orders Of the Govern.
,nent Of the United States, under the desig.
nation Of Civil and Military Governor Of
the Territory of New Mexico.
| have very respectfully to request, that
your Excellency will cause me to be in.
formed, at your earliest possible convent.
cnce. whether or not this officer has &C ted in
this matter under the orders Of his Govern.
mcnt; and whether his Proclamation meets
with the approval Of the President Of the
United States.
With assurances Of distinguished consid.
Grafton. have the honor to be your Excel.
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31
Mr.. DsOWARD'K SPEECH.
o. PrssaAsnt Eillmsrs's Message.

Us .oon AS the Message oi President Fill.
more was read in the House of Represents
lives, Nr. Howard rose and said
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

-. 49,. ,,., ana. ....,;,,,;.n
s'.' r any, ..la. :. -. .s..' ".."" ~"
na' '.e' ,o'"' """' ~ !. ~ 49, "p." wv, wv
u'p"'e" a:.% a" .. H.. ,' a,,p.,;"" ,L"u
i'eh's o. e.'"s' PAX. p WA, d' "n'-a "s
!" u''s "D' "'e.. VIZ !, Il. '. %...' npp''J Ia
"". ''' w r'. ., -. ""s w., ~ . ,';,..,
.e'ns' ; W u.. dSs n "e =, !.
10 ~o'cn u COMMANDMENT .n'. m oe'os ~
s " ,o' nun '''"a "''' "".' "r
a'sp"'e '""' '''e "'',''. , eas' ~ NV wv,
ae, Nor.e seems :" oe '> ~"''' 49, :" e'""
'a,,h' "'" ny 'rAa .. Az" u. .,e" ny" wr. VI
ra!"ef ny !"e ,""e" .''fs' ""'''e'
might DC "ls j""e"'s"' ~ res"'" 10 'ne''
Respective ''e"s. "e nus W. pom.' w. ue.''t
upon 'he" or even 10 "eeo"a,e ~ 'eg"'"
to them ana therefore " "o"'o DC '"'Prop'
or tor NJ" TO express any opinion Inc
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

The Executive Government of the L.
States has no power or authority to deter.
mine what was the true line Of boundary
between Mexico and the United States be.
fore the treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo, nor
has Il any such power now. since the ques.
ton has become n question between the
State Of Texas and the United States So
Tar AZ this boundary is doubtful that doubt
can only be removed by some act Of Con.
grcss. to which the assent of the State Of
Texas may be necessary or by some appro.
pirate mode Of legal adjudication but in
the mean time Il disturbance or collisions
arise or should be threatend. il Ia absolutely
incumbent on the Executive Government,
however painful the duty. to take care that
the laws be faithfully maintained; and he
can regard only the actual state OF things
as il existed ut the date OF the treaty, and
is bound 10 protect all inhabitants who were
then established, and who now remain
north and east Of the line Of demarkation
in the full enjoyment Of their liberty and
property according to the provisions Of the
0th Article Of the treaty; in other words,
all must he now regarded a. New Mexico
which was possessed and occupied a. New
Mexico BY citizens of Mexico at the date o,
tho treaty. until definite line of boundary
shall be established by competent authority
This assertion OF duty to protect the pcopl,
Of New Mexico from threatened violenc.
or from seizure. to be carried into Texa,
for trial Cor alleged offences against Texa
The Texas Republican. [volume] (Marshall, Tex.) 1849-1869, 1850-08-31

,hay than .,,s,nd
H...';ous o. ,L,, ,. .,;,,, u.x; ,.l;,h
.,,,n.ncsd /, Nav is.n md rscs;yed N.
.ana';o" If Connre.s on ,hs ,a,h Of ,h.,
,'oa," ,hs Tor,;,ory of%ew M.r;.o ,orn,
' ~ n WV S,a,o ", ,ha 49,. Ja.
pan,l nsp w." . ,,. ~ ,oysrn.J h" hor ,am.
' H." a "" " .s,;n, n"dn, ,ha ".ds..
., Nv; ' - ne"'"., "t :"s, ,h;. e . .."e'.
" ;. ..''s "over''e'' '"' .s "'s uep","''
". . y" "'','" IA. "s "" .., "su ="
-" "Pp,""e", ~" "'s ''"'ps """.' ~. .o'',
maui "'slN!%S'' anu ven "e"'"e3 '"'e.eo
san" re- '"e c"p,'"'' o. me ''.h o' A"'
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-06-12
Easy mode or Divorce.

The marriage contract is the most sacred know n
to our law. Those who enter upon il do ii deliber
atcly. The severment Of that relation should not
be permitted Tor trivial causes, at the option of
either party The extension Of the causes of late
years has become too lax. Parties intentionally
themselves liable for bill, There are but two
States where adulteries the sole of di-
vorce, South Carolina and New York. In North
Carolina divorce is permitted under no circum-
stances
During the carly period of the Mosaic dispense
tion all that was necessary 10 secure a separation
for the husband TO say that he made no further
claim to his wife. For five hundred years divorce
unknown in Rome; but subsequently il be-
came common. All that the husband had to say to
his wife, in order 10 secure eectual dissolution
of the marriage relation, was, "Givc me the keys;
out of the house" This secured legal separa
ton.
France had taught IA fearful lesson upon this
subject. Within three months after the new law of
divorce was adopted there were many divorces as
marriages, and in eighteen months twenty thou
sand divorces were registered. Even in Conncc-
ticut, when the law Of divorce relaxed applica-
tons for divorce multiplied rapidly.
De Tocqueville says Of American women, that no
where did the sex occupy a more elevated position
than in the United States; and TO nothing to be
attributed more directly than to women the
alted character and stability of institutions.
And Mr.. ID. contended that this elevated character
| OF American women might, with truth, be attrib-
uted to the difficulty of securing divorce, and &c
| the strict yeneration in which the marriage con
tract was held.
At one time in France il common for men tc
have a many wives they had years. A learned
author refers old soldier who in eleven years
had eleven wives. This the result Of the loose
divorce laws Of ofFrance.-Detroif Tribune
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-06-12
From the Netg Hapen Journal and CoiDiU.
The Duty OF Protection.

FgMALE LABoR.-w when Charles Dickens re-
turned 10 England from his American travels. with
hts budget Of observations for the reading public
nothing in his book caused greater astonishment
than the account Of the Lowell Factory girls. Silk
stockings, parasOls satin dresses among the girls
OF New England. were in strange contrast with the
dirty prints, the stockngless ieet and the tangled
hair OF like class in Old England. Spital6eld and
Lowell are as smisNin the traits which mark the
condition ahd character Of their female operatives,
squalor IL to ncatness, or ignorance and vice l.
10 virtuous intelligence. Piano playing and Mag
azinc writing were not needed Co give an air Of
marvel 10 Dickcus's tale. Incredulty became fixed
when these things were recorded "a vcrities. And
" this day, muititudcs regard his entire dcscrip
tlOn az one Of the authors exaggerated pictures in
the cause and for the benefit Of a wide though not
always discriminating philanthropy. The differ
encc between the manufactures OF Middlesex or
Hampshire, and Lancashire and Cornwall, Is main
ly difference arising from the pee uaritics in the
political and social institutions under which they
respectively live. Other causes exert a large in
huence, but the tendency Of the policy Of the ono
country TO protect and benefit the capitalist chiefly,
aud in the other taking greater care for the inter
ests OF the laborcr explains most Of the difference
Even here the vulgar aud under bred rich will
speak with some contempt ola factory girl, and es-
pc tally do those whose position is Just raised above
the necessity OF manual labor. Yet we all know
that our Yankee born factory girls are brought up
in the village school, the singing school, and share
IN the parties of pleasure with the daughters Of the
wealthy farmer, the lawyer, the doctor, and the
merchant, and the cqualizing influences of tree
democratic institutions have continued in them an
eligibility 70 such subsequent relations and associ
atiOns their talents their education, and their
personal attractions may deserve. Governors and
gun makers, lawyers and locksmiths clergymen
aud clam -oatchcrs, have taken their partners for
life from those whom the wages OF factory labor
has enabled 10 cultivate and refnc their minds and
their tastes. Probably an instance Of respectable
mechanics or tradesmen taking their wives from
behind factory loom could hardly be found in all
England A better comparison can be found for a
Y ma tiNr IL. E~IN
Louisiana plantation, than in the factories Of Cabot
or Chckopee. Here a sense Of degradation attaches
TO domestic service, but not 10 employment in
a factory There, the humblest under scullon
/ looks down with contempt on the cotton spin.
/ ner or weaver. As the manufacturing resour.
ces Of our country arc developing, the charsc-