The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-01-31

motives Of all before him. He will feel In his own
Mr.. BOwDoN moved that shs n House a 70 into
Committee Of the Whole. II this subject should
not be brought 20 termination now, il would last
until tho close Of the session:
Mr.. BAYLY gave notice that II the motion should
prevail, he would move that the committee proceed
10 the consideration of the resolution of the Senate
limiting the amount for the collection of the reve
nue..
The question being taken. it was decided in the
The resolution and proposed amendments were
again read, when
Mr. AsHMUN moved TO lay the whole subject Of
mileage ON the table
The yeas and nays were asked for, but not or
dered, and the motion Of the gentleman prevailed
THE REvsHUE,
The House then resolved itself into a Committee
Of the Whole on the state of the Union-Mr. PoT-
Tea in the chair-and took up the joint resolution
from the Senate, increasing the amount for the COL
lection Of the revenue for the last half of the pres
Mr.. BAYLY, after preliminary remarks, said
that the amount asked for by the Secretary of the
Treasury was greater than that for the collection
OF the revenue for the year ending June 80. ls4s.
He had already expended, for the first half Of this
year, 81 $50, boo, which is upwards Of seven per
cent. on the amount Of collection. The per cent.
ia lS48 was not quite six and half. AS the Sec
rotary does not anticipate an increase of revenue,
the amount desired for the collection would be up
wards Of nine per cent. Direct taxation was only
five per cent In the Saes in some cities only four.
In Great Britain the expenses for collecting the
revenue were about five and ne-twentieths per
cent. The Committee Of Ways and Means, he
conceived, had agreed upon ample provision for
the relief Of the Treasury Department The ex-
the pay Of the collectors was too large. The Vice
President Of the United States who is expected To
entertain great deal of company, receives
salary Of 6,OO0, while the collector Of the port Of
New York receives $6,40O, and the chief Justice
of that State but 1000. The collector of Phiadel
phia receives $500, when the Governor Of Penn
sylvania receives salary of 5000, and the chief
&6,s00. when the Governors salary il only = 900.
The naval officers and surveyors paid at too high
a rate Oarsmen in New York receive s 600 year;
and he undertook 10 say that the same grade Of la
Of the country The effect of this is 10 turn every
avaricious nian to Government employment. In
private pursuits men cannot get such salaries; and,
as consequence, they turn their eyes TO this GEN.
tire. The effect Is to deprcciate industry in the pri-
vate walks of life. and in the service Of the States.
II is to make the employment in the Statcs second
airy consideration, half pay; and at every Presi
dental election, instead of recurring on policy,
there IL scramble for Office. The remedy is az
plain the mischief 1t is to put down the COM
pensation to what individuals get in the States.
And he undertook to say that better collector could
be procured for New York for 5000 than for
46,O00 If the amount be reduced to that sum, there
will be none seeking the place but unambitious men,
who will transact business without making them
selves great political chiefs. The Offices sought
after not only for the high saaries but for the pa
tronage growing out Of the large salaries allowed to
others. This has a tendency. TO give increased
acerbity to party contests, and is all wrong.
Az to the Warehousiag system, he approved off
the pursuits of industry. 1t ought, however, to be
left TO private enterprise, costing the Government
nothing; and there should be free competition, as
in England
The Secretary of the Treasury nisconceived and
tha IA w Of Ia Cnr,ur in iaa n
circular, which professed its face to diminish
the expenses for collecting the revenue, but shifted
the burden on merchants and importers; and thus,
In effect, undertaking to increase the tariff when
law =
THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
Mr.. BROWN, of Mississippi, addressed the COM
mittee He said that it useless 10 disguise from
themselves the fact that i'll feeling had engen
dered on this subject The two ends Of the Union
chord which united them together as one people
were giving way, and they were advancing to
inevitable destruction. They were now divided by
n geographical line. The South were for perpetu-
ating The relation of master and slave; the North
are for destroying it. This has brought the Union
in the position that portion or the other must
rccede, else tue collision must terminate disastrous
~. in this, in all other cases. the question must
be settled a. 70 which was first in the wrong. The
North have, for twenty years, been disturbing
the South. In vain have the South appealed to
them; but, az they love the Union and revere the
Constitution, as. calling around it tho ballorssd
memories of their fathers, they do not intend to
submit TO aggression any longer. IT has been said
that the southern people not in earnest. II this
opinion be propa gated and believed at the North,
the Union Il gone, and gone forever The south
crn people are in earnest. Examine the messages
Of southern governors the resolves of the Legisa-
lures, the records of the people in their primary
meetings; and when gentlemen do this, let them
tell whether there is evidence of sincerity in
this. The Federal Government, being the agent
Of the sovereign States have no right to say to ff
teen of them, "You shall have all Of the territory"
and to the other fifteen, "You shall have nothing;"
nor give all TO the fifteen, because they are the
strongest The South believe that they have
rights In this country. They ask nothing. Of
the bounty Of the North. They only ask JUS
tice. And he (Mr b. would say, in all sim
cerity, and with calmness, they will not only
AJAX justcc, but, in the name of God, they intend
to have it. He might make an appeal, not 70 the
author OF the much talkcd-of proviso, (Mr. VIII
Mor,) who, like Ephraim, SIS joined TO his idol"
and should be let alone; but and liberal men,
whose judgments not warped, he felt that he
could appeal to do justice to all parts Of the Confed
cracy. BY refusing TO do justice they will destroy
the Union. Gentlemen say that slavery is a sin
and evil but whatever sin evil there Is in IT
belongs TO the South, and not 10 the North. Sla-
very, however, was a great social, moral, and po-
lticsl blcssnga blessing to the master and to the
slave. Christianity was preached in Africa before
ancestors heard Of IL; and contrast the con-
don OF the southern slave with the African in his
native Jungle He was not afraid OF the cry OF rea
son. did he hesitate to calculate the value Of the
Union, and consider IL worthless should the aggres
sions continue Three Of the articles the growth Of
the South than half of the exports OF this
country. No people on the face Of the earth cx-
ported much Of their natural products. There
were fears 70 be apprchendcd from the British in
case Of disonion. Ii British looms stopped,
there is stoppagc of British labor, and thus her
support Is cut of II she cntcrtains much abb
borrcncc Of slavery, why does she not show II in
the condition of Cuba? Great Britain is the last
ally the North would have. The people Of Missis-
sippi love the country with all lie broad extent.
They revere the Constitution; but they love that
Union which their forcfathers gave them, not that
which Is sought 10 be forced upon them by Illegal
and unconstitutional demands.
The very first act OF aggression win produce dis
union, because II will be carried out 20 its extrem
ty. The North may sow the whrlwind, but they
cannot direct the storm. The ocean. once excited
to fury, cannot be stillcd at their bidding. Those
from the North now here will pass away, but men
of more extreme views will succeed them; and the
South will be constantly receding before the adj
vanccs Of the North, and have no power TO resist.
Mr.. b. read extracts from address Of Mr.. SR-
WAND, whom he styled the great leader Of the
opponents OF slavery; and asked whether the South
r.