Weekly national intelligencer., 1850-02-23

appointed by and removable at the pleasure o the
of the said Territory for taking census OF the nhaoan
thereof and appearing from the census SO ken
than sixty thousand free 10 the said Ter
rory the said Governor on the November 1885, issued
his proclamation said last mentioned act prcsrio
ed requiring the said inhabitants choose persons 70
them convention for the purpose OF iorhns epns
tuition permanent form OF government
sThe persons chosen met n convention on the iith Ja
tory which was eeded by Noh Carolina to free and in
dependent State by the OF the State oil
great majority OF the said nabitants having ne
wish form together State and, for Their permanent
government expressly recognising the aforesaid ordinance
Congress- Termed constitution consistent with che principles
and articles thereof
y the provisions Of the constitution formed the Legis
aure thereby directed be chosen required to meet ON
the last Monday in March then next for the ayowsd purpose
obtaining in Congress during the present
session. The Legislature accordingly and the temporary
established in the said Territory has ceased and
been suspended Due notice of all the aforesaid acts and pro-
ceednss has, from time to tme been given by the
said Territory the Government Of United States
and dissatisfaction thereupon expressed by the latter
Upon this state OF facts the committee reported
sCongress declared that the whole territory north
of The Ohio shall for the purpose OF temporary govern
ent compose district and likewise that the Whole OF he
territory south Of the Chic SHALL for the like purpose COM
pose district they have denvey laid cut the
territory northwest the Ohio into States nor have they de-
c6ed whether the territory south OF the Ohio shall be tad out
into one or more States fthe district northwest Of the Ohio
contained than sixty thousand free inhabitants, n would
from thence follow that the district could demand aom
sion State into the Union, because the district must
by the OF its ceson, be previously divided into num-
Der States the free inhabitants of each of which must amount
thousand before such State would have right OF ad-
into the Union in like manner, although the district
south the Ohio should sixty thousand tree inhab-
tans from thence be inferred that the district or
right to be admitted Sate into ths Union, because
Congress have decided whether the shall
single be laid out into States The num-
Der inhabitants which establishes claim OF admission must
be number of the inhabitants OF State previously laid OUT
Der of inhabitants OF Territory which, the purpose tenn
porsry government coRposesa district which be divided
by Congress into several States.
Hence results this conclusion That Congress must nave
previously enacted that the whole Of the territory eeded by
North Carolina, and which is only of the territory OF
the United States south Of Ohio should be laid out by Con-
gess for State before the inhabitants thereof admtng
them sixty thousand tree persons could claim TO
be admitted State into the Union.
Had the territory south Of the Ohio, which, tor ne par
pose of temporary government composes district been
laid out by Congress into State the enumeration OF the m
habtants order ascertain whether such State was en
tied be received into the Uno ought to have been made
under the authority Of Congress for the OF ths
inhabitants the gna States the purpose OF apporon-
ing the representative and ascerainng rule for the gpo
tonment OF direct taxes mns by the consttuton De
Congress- and cannot be made by the individual Ana
the rights OF the original States members OF the unon
affected by the admission of States the same prino
pie which enons the eensuo their inhabitants to be taken
the Inhabitants Of any new State laid out by Congress- like
manner TO under their authority Dd not the prin-
cpes Of the constitution leave Congress without dis
ereton on this point yet proprety the enumeration be-
made under their authority will be manifest on compar
ne the fifth section Of the law for the enumeration Of the
habans of the United States with the law under which the
has lately taken in the territory south o the Ohio
BY this comparison will be perceived that the guards against
error provided in the former law, omitted in the latter
and that instead of connng the enumeration to the free in
habans OF the territory south Of the Ohio the law authorizes
territory, any time within the allowed complete the
same including we'll the casually within passing
through the said territory the inhabitants thereof
From the preceding view of the subject, the cornmee
of opinion that the inhabitants OF that part of the territory
south of the Ohio ceded by North Carolina not at this
time, entitled be received State into the Union."
admitted by the Congress this Union - and its spirit de-
mands that such admission shall be upon terms Of equsly
We have right to prescribe conditions which would lessen
the weight and influence of State seeking admission;
which would cura its representation in either branch OF
Congress- take away any of the essential rights Of sgoy
For insance while the ratio Of representation fo
The old States fixed at ,0G0 free nhabans have
right to prescribe larger ratio say lO0 000 for new State
before she is allowed 10 the Oonedeacy Tae
Of the proposition is likewise true We nether curta
her rights grant her exclusive privileges We
say that 600 free inhabitants shall constitute the ratio for
new State, while 5000 is fixed for the old She must
iD if she at all equal subject TO ell the
stictions and entitled 10 all the privileges Of her elder sisters
These propositions which admit Of denial and the de-
ductons from them plain and simple that two and
two make four and two make six. Equality the point TO be
attained Equality what the constitution demands II there
be any rule by which that equality be esctualy
cured and justice alike indicate il the proper guido
for action do not contend that is necessary for
people making the application to have passed through of
territorial pupage will weaken strong case by urg
ing doubtful point. But do contend that, before Cao-
MIA claim place in this Union, she must show that
tain boundaries have been ascetaed and fixed by law and
that within those boundaries reside number of free nhab
ants equal the present ratio representation because these
conditions which have been imposed upon all other States
and without which guards against inequality be eec
tua Under any other rule might well happen that twenty
thousand thousand inhabitants of given district would
exercise power in the other end OF the Csdto equal TO
rs 600 elsewhere, and in this bdy equal the 900
residing in New York If permit them fix their own
boundaries to assemble and adop, constitution without any
enumeration of Inhabitants either by Federal Territorial
law all that will hereafter be necessary constitute State
will be for band Of advenurers sufficiently numerous com
pose venton to get together any Of the Territories Of
the republic gvey erect themselves into sovereignty and
prescribe such limits cupdiy taste may dictate
The Senator from Kentucky has alluded the State of
Michigan as exception to the general practice which,
admits, has heretofore prevailed He that Calor-
MIA has stronger claims than Michigan had and seeks JUS
y his change Of position partly that ground Even
II there were just grounds for the application of the prece
dent would only prove former error, not present right
If there had been in The Of Michigan departure from
the great rule Of eJuay if there had been violation of the
spirit Of the constitution assigning her place which she
was not entitled by established usage it would still be our
duty to limit the wrong the single CASE which now be-
yond our CONTROL rather than extend il to ali the Territories
OF the Republic and bestow upon by solemn legislative
ton perpetual existence. But what the facts Michi
gan underwent logger territorial pupage than any other
State in this Union One Of her present Senators was for
eighteen years her Territorial Governor She rejected
year after year. Notwithstanding section of the celebrated
ordinance of 1887 which clearly entitled her 10 place In our
sisterhood Of States. ! will read il:
Provided Ihoweyer, and il is further Understood
cared that the boundaries of these three States shall be
jec so FAR to be altered that if Congress shall hereafter fnd
It expeder they shall have suthory form one or two
ates in that part of the said Territory which ies north of An
east and west line drawn through the soutery bend
nE aGn Nint..