The New York herald., 1850-06-07
Central America.

ing greatness is beginning to be perceived, and its
advantages in commercial point Of view to be ap-
precated by those whose interest had not hitherto
been directed TO this hghlyfavored country. The
treaty between the governments Of England and
the United States with Nicaragua for making the
ports of passage from the Atlantic TO the Pacific
through that territory neutral ground, has caused
sensation in the United States; general salts
faction has been expressed, and great good feel
ing manifested, at the friendly position in which
Great Britain and America have placed themselves
for the purpose of carrying out this important work
Our TRANSATLANTIC brethren, with their characteristic
enterprise, are likely to avail themselves Of the
advantages held out by the opening Of the new
country, before we, who are at a greater distance
minds TO move; but that both nations will be bene-
fitted by the extension of commerce in that quar-
ter there can be no doubt; the one perhaps more
directly than the other, but both will ultimately
share the advantages and the interests Of the two
countries will be, as II were, bound up IN one.
Already emgranis from the United States are be-
ginning TO direct the ir attention to the new coun-
Try. The commerce Of Nicaragua and Costa Rica
is feeling fresh impulse. The port of San Juan,
on the Atlantic viii soon be filed with ships and
steamers; and the Pacific harbor Of Realejo has
become the coaling port Of steamers between Val
paraiso, Lima, and Panama and San Francisco.-
This harbor Is said to be one Of the finest in the
world, where 200 ships of the line might lie at all
times with perfect safety. The following descrp-
dent there, and is at this time particularly Interest,"
ing -" may confidently say that the port of Rea-
ejo is at least as good port as any in the known
world have seen Portsmouth, Rio Janero, Port
jackson, Talcujana, Callao. and Cuayaqul. and to
all Of these consider il decidedly superior. II is
saltwater creek, into which several small
streams OF water empty themselves. The entrance
is sprotected by an Island about two miles long,
which leaves at each end a channel where ships
enter the harbor, but extending opposite the
mainland, forming the port in such a manner as 10
protect II entirely from any wind that could pos
sibly blow, and also entirely breaking the swell
Va bteb the oufer hay al GOur N from the
ocean. The north entrance is about quarter OF
mile wide, and that at the south OF the island
rather narrower. both being entirely Tree from rocks
or hidden dangers, and having in no part less than
five fathoms depth Of water. AT one Of these
openings, vessels can at all times enter with
leading wind, from whatever quarter II may
blow. The inside consists OF a noble basin OF
water, nowhere less than four fathoms deep, with
bottom Of mud, where two hundred ships
Of the line might lie at all times in the most per-
feet safety. One Of the branches Of the creek ex-
tends inland to within three leagues OF the lake OF
Leon or Mansgua. The intermediate country Is
gentle slope, where undoubtedly should enter one
Of the ends Of the canal TO connect the Pachc and
Atlantic oceans. From the report OF Mr.. Bailey,
IL will be seen, that the only difficulties in the line
he surveyed are in crossing the chain of bills be-
tween the Lake Of Nicaragua and -. John of the
South, which would be entirely avoided by bring
ing the canal through the lake Of Leon, connected
as IL IL with that Of Nicaragua by river that
might be rendered navigable at a moderate cost,
into the above named branch OF the Rcalejo har-
Dor, thus securing the great advantage of an
excellent harbor al each end Of the canal, besides
many others which are certainly not to he met
with either at Panama, Tehuantcpec, or any other
place. No comparison can be drawn between the
climate OF Panama, one of the most deadly IN the
known world, and Nicaragua, one of the most
healthy for tropical climate.
The town Of Realejo is about two leagues dis
tant from the part Of the creek where vessels lie
but there is sufficient depth for small vessels TO
come within a mile Of the town, and very little
labor would make IL accessible TO large ships; but
an enlightened government would probably prefer
moving the town to the opposite side Of the reach,
where vessels lie, where there is site extremely
suitable for the purpose, and where quay might
easily be erected capable OF accommodating any
number Of ships. In the time Of the Spanish GO
vemment several vessels, some of 300 and 100 tons,
were built at Realejo; where the wood Is very SUI
pcror and durable.
The port Of San Juan del Sur, to which place II
was proposed TO bring canal, seems inferior to Re-
alejo in most respects. The Gulf Of Papagaya,
where the port is situated, is very difficult to enter
for sailing vessel for five months in the year.
The Prussisns have made advantageous propo-
sails Of peace TO Denmark, most probably in conse-
quence cf their differences with Austria. Thus in
ierest has effected what Justice could not accom-
rleh