The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-08-25

white ash gave to water soluble matter. 314
Red ASH gave TO " ssId g .... , sss
Tho following Is the mean of two examinations OF
Soluble Silica. ............. .7s6 1921
Alumina. ............. 30 201 20 SIS
Iron. ~ CAB 80 GA
Lime. ......... 1900 1.l08
Maenesia. -. 1850 1892
Soda .........'..... ,...... 9s3 1li5
Potarsa. i.443 1872
Fhosphoric Acid ......... 1Ts6 lssy
suiphuric Acid. .."..... SlB4 500
Chlsrine $3.50. ....,.... .OoT .0l3
The results obtained In these analyses seem co
justify the eate nsive OF coal ashes
purposes They are very valuable account of the
sulphates Of lime ana magnrsia which they contain
and also from the phosphorc acid and alksliss
DIR X KoGEss remarked that he regarded the
analysis OF coal ashes subject OF much interest
bearing, and was happy to in the results sf Mr.
Bunce a confirmation of a fact announced by his
brother w Rogers and himsel in the .4uqe,Iean
Journal, more than year ago, of the presence of
alkalies in anthracite coal DIR r. read the following
pas,nR. from their print.d article -. Amony the
points Of interest incidentally determined durng
these Investigations, may be- mentioned the curious
and instructive fact, that anthracite c-a btumiuous
coal, ana Ignite treated by the tachs process give
nequivocai evidence OF aiksli while the ashes of
these materials similarly treated yield no trace Of
alEali' He stated that. in their experiments. they
mad obtained constant aud unequivocal proof that
much OF the alBsi OF there Goals is yoat allied ana
oifsipst,d by the high temperature OF their com.
bustion
The subject further remarked upon by Professor
Gibbs Professor Horstord Mr.. Hunt, Mr.. Blake Prof
sillimap. zen, Mr. Wurtz, and Professor Y Biche
Tie Following abstract of the observations de-
Hvered BY Professor HNNRy ID RoCERs. Boston on the
coal formation OF the nitcd States and especially In
Pennsylvania lie commenced by saying that the
tories OF this paper distributed under sepa
heads, but tor want II time he restricted hinse
toa lea points only having an important bearing ON
tie general theory oil the origin ana changes the
coul strata
lhe fret division related TO the materials which
composed the strata the r sources relative distribution
and specal conditions OF deposition
The second To the structure OF the anthracite dis
trict of Pennsylvania the forces which upif.ed It's
strata anu their effects Oh the beds OF coal
The third treated OF the partial metamorphism of
the staa the Of graduation il their cotn
and thickness Of the debit of Oh. coal aud
its conversion to auth acite Also OF analpgies of
the anthracite region Of Pennsylsauii the meta
morphie coal basins OF South " ales and Belgium
The fourth oltousted the rrosiye action hoods
which have swept over the surface OF the Peansy
MIA coal nelds aud The ntusnce OF the relative hard
n.ss ana ssiness ct the strata unaer the action OF
the waters In prSdueiug the exciting of the
traces slopes and crtsts 30 conspicuous in its topo
grsphy
The fifth division related to the physical sta
tstics Of the coal fields OF the United states, to
some estimates OF their duration views OF ths
ttes economical adaptations Of the several varieties
OF coal.
The Professor explained under the first head by
r,tr.nce TO many localities the ny general
facts that all the mechanical po-lts strata
sauostoIs, congloneIates, aud other fragmentary
IoCks comPcstd OF aDd.deriyed MATERIAL. show "A
gradual thinning off towards he nor a. vest
ana a corresponding reduction IN the dimensions of
riysd constituents OF the formation progressively IN
crease IA bulk 10 the same directions rns great red
sbsle foruariOna tGst mud aud saud d. post OF the
ancient cas- tOu shores of THE kBsss OF three
thu usapd fet IN Eastern Penusy braces In
that quarter not single bed Of luss'one NOT
oceanic fossil or othe proof II mids-s deposon but
when followed westward IL -plays gradual CON
ing OF tlese sud o. her evidences presence Of
a d,eptr ga TIE landds riy,d materials become ot
al almost impaipatls hneness. Rnd the a rived
lAyers OF I'm. stone grow progressively more bulky,
aud ~ pl.te IN organic rena ans Commencement. WITH
Al IA Ffuil az So
thickpe,s 81 the great congiomuiate deposit which
form the losttt divisions OF the true productive coal
measures. From n thickness OF than lO0 trst
Ia Ne south eastern oGt-erop the little schuyikiu
81 declines 90 o5u IN ranging westward aud
wSid o. the susquebsbna, aud 90 bul h,le IN
~ ieet IN the summit OF the man table lana OF the
Ale hany m ,untGins Bat while this or u the
coal Is thus thinning the nrst Goa beds
which repose above IL commencing la SEAM on very
dininu tsickness grow p1egftsrivtly NOR. bufsy 70
certain iHiit IN The same direction. Il ia Curious
Tee ~ VI" urrbui ION o. thes. loser coal b. d. that
each higher one orsrapt its -uscsnt her aud
frker 10 tbs southeast, a. n the ancient iand ward
margin ~ each successive coal producing forest. or
norasf, fsrther To the than the
trom the Law OF the distribution OF the cy beds sus.
taiues BY fScs stricty OgOus ia tht loser coal
west OF the ALE gbany riVer the armed PROBES
dI,~ the curious ibf.r.ncc that ia the formative
proeisss OF the coal deposits the whole cru. ot tn.
earth was In thi region gradually -uosidng add a.
rate such AZ 70 permit th aucsut carbubit-rou
70 encroaeh Eastward iA-tsr uPou the isud than
la1d dsnvea material coud MI cut II shores. rhs
bOitnNsst~Ad ~ni fgtn a. 81 the loser coal beds Ia
trrpos'ng SEAMS Of prod uct'e in he
o.
basins OF anthracite. especially that 81 sham okla
unusually large amount oi productive strs's IA the
n, untain ers,ts which border the coal n.lds Toe
lrolefsor next acvvrt,d ~ the ac,on by which the
lapo derived dryoitr swept Ia such uu-
ioim bat thick lay froO, the east we.b
Acribing the stseina TO broad and sudden currents
~ th' hrm ~ tup' nauuH inupdstibE bluws snnebrd
into violent moion by Oh. rocking action Of earth.
qUaks
tn. next topic to which he advanced VA the n,.ts
mOfphc change ~bich 10. coal under~ -. nt tom b,t
hih"" coal u hntA ~ TIE p,ro1 81 IT. rss's-
non ~. storso that there prsyaiir q regular and
nott d'heAie q adstt'n ~ tue coal - traced from
sart 90 Nsst ffOm To. hardest aud uo. compact "a.
thr sct' dssut1ie oi trace OF btumiBus matter 10
stu flaming ana free burning ssm-authra-ite, .vni-
btiuminous coalsi sDo " traced TURNER eastward
20 The ss'J Of IN. Ohio TO the rtai-st ssd lsrisst
btUuinous varisu.s. aud h. referred yoint-iiy o.
the isct that ell those coals a at-f m.g .ts corn
position orcupytbg the most western rHsius uI
thu anthracite rsgiaus aud even thns- Of To-. ..tn
nstFp "a the great ~est~fn bttum hfit 1is
plAytrg M sinking manner ia the cisss.l 49, aud
t'1,nfe q The coal its.ii the Pr"s Of ~ 60
soitshst. sb- - we're, r. consolidated dutlg me
sfcHpe VI ige gaseous insr,ai.uts uf snrtl.
usbs ~tfs tabibi.so ftO~iBg all 10 4s BE NJ ttt
peculiar usnsFerte cleavage srsctufe % shunisat
IN al iorm- ~ metauofpnic strata sud 30 Jug t,e
~ he roitsnisE action u heat 10 tao
tb'scits - true cVk- but hs eOkiug " cp-
oIctsd under enormous pfssslfe sua ~ rFli "a
elastic gsee- escaping easily subsaB. 90 th1
coal bJ ts ipnumefsblt eieavsgs .ssorss go cg4sr
>rs! V,Ty grasusiiy could o-i 81 eour's gIoiuca
tLOse cells " itle r'ecicrs uhich Distinguish std
liscohe The paper ~ pro.ssorngT.rs contain -rns
hgly INTERESTING statistier rep ctinz tn' t'tt
tbN ttore ~ iss iuei a rifshls frum III euai v"
"A - the tGittu State. He rtats. tha ~ .YaT 1T
a.. asthfs-t hasiBf, tse sgsr~sa'r ~ .-Huss ~.
NJ ath the f-sA ~ pure merchandise rrsi. =. l1l
s.t.uty 20 cnf hnudIsd est aud there ii't 'rt.
IN which ons 'as.rs mite Of the surfao- crv.r. as
much a. INV min M ~ tons This " s-csrtsiHet ID
ie true. ~ k2st ~ sbe Western epd Of the rhsHotN
b-sib ana b. hlissss ,1e there AZ. other '"-l rii
Equally 81 siro.t A. r.eh We estimates trf .Iaas
turiscs 81 a pr,agctivs cot Nsds 81 the Al
ttsiou a. shust too bundr.s srnae nib tnt
ateuhsf o. a. isfs-f portion - IL -. Er't y N
oUetissnsts ihsn ttai which - hsre 'a.f''''t
Bam.s site Mls..iIauy.
shstin fNhth be- i.su.d MS intt acton 4. thlse o.
ffttteo Ri Htteud th~ execution ~ 1uttn NfHs ~,
90 lfi'i"f ne sOth inst 81 ociucs st tht lsii
Va Isssrftt street ia Hos %
iieHs s'rp'rt vs. seen % keuusbuBk rH.t o.
~ dsyg siBe. b. sou .auor. rhay sas fb,H .is1y
lee 81 HIN ~ l.blih sod dascrip h.. Httf rs.-.a
hnt ttst - Wet irois ntsfd ~ tack BIO
~ esitn'sfsd ma the eisl siiop o. tfkau thF
~. ~ l'rt vi b, sq~al - ten 10 ever a. sn1
vii InKe fff