The New York herald., 1850-05-18

l07,cG9, exceeding the number requisite to entite
the State TO two representatives. But that brings
II down only 10 January, 1880 Since that time we
are authorized 10 add to the number, by that of
the arrivals 10y sea at the port of San Francisco,
as shown by the official report of rthe harbor
master, from the LIST of January, 1850 to
the CLASSIFICATION, there are of Americans
S,697 of Califomians, 1884; and of foreign
ers, 5,oOImaking total of l6,9o7. The number
OF rdeserters from ships, as stated in the memorial
before alluded to, is put AT 3000 in round numbers
he official statement of the harbor master, made
on the LIST of March last 10 the Legislature, states
the number of officers and seamen that left their
vessels from various causes, TO be l42l0. The ag-
gregate of all these statements will give the fol-
lowing results, vZ:-ist January, 1879 26oOO-
5000 Americans, $4,000 Californlans, and o,0O0
foreigners; on the LIST of January, 1850, the popua-
ton was l07, ,069-makng total number on the
9th of March, 1850, OF l2l,026; to which add the
number of deserving seamen, l,2iO, makes total
of I35. .2J6. Add TO this the population arrived
from the United States and other places since that
time, and altogether | have no earthly Doubt am
perfectly satisfied in my own mind that, putting all
these statements together, there is at this moment
population in California that would entitle her to
two representatives, even supposing there had been
no provision for fraction exceeding the moiety of
the ratio fixed by Congress.
Upon this question of population do not wish to
take up the time of theSenate unnecessarily. They
are bone of our bone, and flesh of flesh, for the
greater part. They have lost nothing of intelli-
gence and capacity for selfgovenment by passing
from the United States into California by the
treaty of Iiidalgo, the Calitomians who remain be-
come citizens Of the United States, if they do not
adopt the alternative Of rem aiming Mexicans within
one year after the treaty of Hidago was signed
The constitution Of the United States does not any
where Tx any term OF residence sufficient TO con-
stitute an individual one of the permanent portion
of the people OF the United States. In the consti
tuition, with regard TO the subject OF taxation and
representation, the term is people and number.
have very liltle doubt that there is sufficient num-
Der Of citizens Of the United States there to entle
California to two representatives.. Well, as they
will not be represented In the United States, they
ought to be represented somewhere. Having gone
to California, il is said that they have gone there
only for temporary purposes. They have gone there
10 dig in the mines; and how many will return,
how many will remain there, il is impossible at the
present time 10 tell. We have all right to move
from place 10 place.
With regard TO Louisiana-I am sure | state a
fact that will be borne out and affirmed by the
Senator in my eve from that State (Mr Downs)-
thousands and thousands went TO New Orleans and
other parts of Louisiana, shortly after the acquis-
tion of that territory by the treaty of Louisiana
and even up TO the present time they go there for
temporary purposes, intending TO make fortune, "
they can and then return home. But, so delight
fu is the climate, so happy do they find themselves
when they get there, the number of those who go
there for such purposes, who ultimately return to
Their individual homes, do not believe amounts to
scarcely one in hundred. So it is and viii be OF
California, dare say. Vast numbers have gone
there with the intention of returning; but after
! lhty nave become connected by marriage. Dy So
cal ties, by the acquisition of wealth, and by all
those circumstances that tend 10 fix 10 perDls nent
| location the residence Of this animal man, they
viii rellnquish their purpose OF returning TO the
! United States, | have NO doubt, and become per-
/ manent and fixed residents of California. On the
question of population. therefore, think there is
no ground Of rational objection 10 the number
"two," which has been proposed by the committee,
and which is precisely the number in the case of
Texas.
Now, sir, with regard to the limits of California
pom that subject, proposition was offered in the
committee to extend line through California,
hrst by 20 deg. 80 min. member Of the COM
mttee, however, was not satisfied with that, and
| proposed 35dcs. 20 min. | believe that majority
4 Of the committee was in favor of that amendment:
/ but when the question of any line came W, il was
/ rejected by majority of the committe. Is il not
little remarkable that this propostion-ths attempt
to cut California in two by the line So deg. 30 min,
or - degs. 80 mln., or by any other ine-does not
come Gom the noiih at ALL from whence il might
be supposed il would come! For, with respect to
the North, there can be no earthly doubt but il
there were half dozen States made out Of Cali
fornia. they would all pe nec Stales But
the North does not ask for q division. II is
from the South that the proposition TO divide the
existing limits of California oomse. THE south
wants some other States, or another state there.
Some gentlemen from the South, II is true, propose
that there should be an express recognition OF the
right to carry slaves south Of the proposed line
But believe that the major part OF those who ask
or this line, do not even ask for ths recognition,
for this enactment, 20 carry slaves south OF this
1 line; and ask everybody who il acquainted with
the country, who has taken the pains TO look over
the map. ifhe has not come 10 the conclusion that
/ n friend ofmIne Il believe now within my hearing)
from the south and large planter, came tol He
said 10 me, the other day; "Mr. Clay, II Congress
was 10 offer me 500 for every slave might own
requiring me 10 take them 10 one of these new Ter
ritorics aud keep them there for ten years, would
I not accept the proposion."
Now. suppose you were to take the line s. deg.
20 min, or whatever line was proposed what would
be the consequence There would be an open sea
on the one side for the escape Of slaves California
reduced as ! have suggested, on another and
Mexico, with her houndless mountains, on another.
Who would think-who beleves-that, if you es-
iahsh the line proposed, slavery would ever be
/ carried there, or would be maintained there =
Moreover think have understood that the dclcg-
alton in the convention, south Of the line Of % 30
min, or north Of II, voted unanimously against the
introduction of slavery here. II cannot, therefore,
and suppose IL is not designed with any hope that
there would be slavery carried there upon the IL
miis Of the Pacific at all. The making Of new
state or states out of the present limits Of Cafor-
mia is. therefore, bu adding TO the objection which
| has been made by the South TO the prcponderance
and influence. and the apprehensions entertained OF
/ the prepondcmnce and influence. Of Northern pow
cr. II the North is satisfied, Il the thing is not un-
reasonable, II seems 10 me that there should be
on the part Of our Southern friends no hesitation
IN accepting these limits. Bui they said TO he
unreasonable. California is some 900 or 200 miles
IN extent ON the Pacific coast; IL is too large. Ii
rs stated IN the report that with respect to all that
poinon VI NainOEnla Soutn OF the line 30 Deg. ~
min, shortly after you have left the coast. you
encounter deserts of sand, which never can bc in
habited, and after you pass these deserts Of sand
you approach mountains, and are involved in sue
ocssiye chains of mountains until you reach pc
pulaiion that has no intercourse with the Pacific
hut whose intercourse is carried on exclusively with
Mexico and other countries on the Mexican Gulf and
| the Atlantic ocean. When you come 10 the north
portion OF California, there is vast desert which
IL SAID TO have never been passed-or which never
was known 10 be passed, extending from the country
which the Mormons occupy down to the Pacific
ocean. There seems TO me, then, TO be no ade-
queie motive for the decreasing Of the limits upon
the Pacific, with a view to the addition Of future
Slates-at least from any amount OF geographical
knowledge which We possess AT present.
IL Is mentioned in the report that there are other
cases Of States which have been admitted without
the previous authority Of Congress, The honora
blc gentleman from Alabama (Alr. Clemens) stat
ed that IN oil the other instances Of States admitted
into the Union, they had served an apprenticeship
OF 80 many years. But the statement IN the repor
stands uncontradicied. Michigan, Arkansas, FIori-
da II no other States, came into the Union without
any previous act of Congress- according 10 the usage