The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-03-05
TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE.
THE SPEECH OF MR.. CALHOUN.
ORDERLY DAY IN The HOUSE.
&c. &c. &c.

&c. NC. &c.
we have not space under this, our telegraphic
head, to give Mr.. Calhoun's speech, received last
night, but have placed it entire upon the first page
OF this days Herald. Its importance to the whole
country will justify the pains we have taken to pre-
sent 1t IN Its full integrity, delivered in the Sc
nate; and it is to be hoped that no man who loves
the Union will shut his eyes to the all absorbing
importance of wise and deliberate consideration
OF the great question at issue.
Lest there should be some persons disposed to
pass over the views of Mr. Calhoun as of common
import only, we deem it duty of the first magni-
tude to give opinion upon the general character
of the document and to invite attention to it by
tracing few of its prominent outlines. There
cannot be question that Mr.. Calhoun is the oracle
OF the South, and that the results which he an
ticipaes from the admission Of California will be-
come a painful and deporable reality, if an
attempt be successfully made to bring her into
the Union Immediately. The distinguished Sena-
tor has displayed no flights of Imagination
has made no rhetorical ornaments-has INDUCED
in only two 6gurative ilustrations-but has come
up TO his task firmly, decisively, argumentatvely
and manfully He speaks right on, full of his sub
ject, and abandons all extraneous matter as an
incumbrance He has set forth the wrongs of the
South IN a business-like way-without making
any appeal to the sympathies of one section, or to
the passions of another. He has made his purpose
and the purpose Of the South to be easily compre-
hended.
He commences by stating that there is danger to
the Union-traces the to the discomfort Of
the South, not of recent, but of slow and patient
growth; still further traces that discomfort to the
settled belief that, under the present things,
the South cannot with honor and safety remain In
the Union-and, again, still further detects the
origin of that belief in the long continued agitation
and aggressions Of the North; and still further be
hind this, discovers the movements which have de-
stroyed the equilibrium of sectional power. He takes
The of 1890 and that Of $780, and shows that
the equilibrium between the North and the South
has been destroyed not by time, but by the interfer
ence OF the govemment-and then lays down three
modes by which this governmental interposltion
has been accomplished. The first charge is, that
the South has been excluded from ali interest In
the territories common to the Unlon The second
is, that the adoption OF system of revenue and
disbursements onerous to the South, has been
forced upon the country, taking away an undue
OF the proceeds of the South, and i'm
pressing upon her unequal taxation for the benefit
of the North. The third charge is, that system
Of political measures has been cherished that has
changed the original character Of the federal COM
pact. Thus far, his subject is presented.
He next proceeds to show, by statistics, how it
is that the equilibrium has been destroyed, and
the whole powers centralized in a sectional ma
jonty-refers, first, 10 the ordinance of l7S7, the
result of the provisions OF which, he says, is, that
the country having acquired, since It's construc-
tioh 2,37s 046 square miles, the North seeks to be
the ruler of three-four,hs of the territory. From
this he passes to the tariff and manufactures,
and TO a general survey of matters pertain
ing TO protection, or the American system
and concludes ihis DIVISION on the change
IN the original character Of the government,
by asserting that, instead of living in republic,
we are swayed wholly by "national consolidated
democracy" The government, he declares, has
assumed powers-and as the interests OF sections
are not one, therefore there springs Up hostility
between the North and the South. Here he eu-
tiers upon full details Of the history of the aboltioa
moyement-sdver,s TO the opposition TO the right
Of petition on slavery topics-and follows out the
natural results Of agitation TILL he finds it ending in
disunion.
From this point, the ties which bound the Union
together are surveyed-the church organizations
and hroiheIhoods are examined, and the influence
Of the agitation upon them depicted. The Union,
then, becomes the chef theme; aud with no
fparng voice he nowingly declares the nature OF the
love OF the Union in the breasts Of those who have
carried on the agitation alludes to Washington
and the dissolution OF the colonies and the mother
country, and Is taught and Strengthened by the
example.
The next step in hrs discourse is directed to-
wards the plan of the administration MIR. Clay's
Is scarcely noticed-and he gives the cabinet as
severe handling as they can well survive-draws
The distinctive line between the Wilmot and the
executive pToyiso, and censures in no slight mea-
sure, the movements towards the construction OF
state out Of California. Coming to this ''monstrous
assumption" he opposes the admission Of that
State-ciies precedents-and concludes with an
appeal TO Senators upon their duiies-intlmating
that the admission OF California will be suif-
cient evidence Of the future intentions OF the
North, and will enable the South TO adopt such a
course as will comport with her honor and safety
This is but meagre skeleton OF the body Of the
speech. IL should be read by every citIzen-lt is
the most important speech, far as rts effects are
TO be considered, that has ever been delivered in
the Senate of the United States.