The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-07-25
AHairs in CnlAla>rYts.


L VSAAA~Ds.see
| Correspondence q IL. NJ Y. CSs~i~ and Enquirsr.
| SAx FRAHoIsoo. June Is, $780,
Since wrote 70 you BY the steamer OF the lsl
instant, have visited tho Upper Sacramento. Fea.
Their and Yabs river, and = portion Of the mine.
rivers IL beautiful In the extreme, and at this sea-
son Of the year IL clothed In natures Rresnest
foliage, intsrSpsrssd with flowers Of every hue and
almost every imaginsbls species. For agricultu-
raj purposes, should suppose this the best portion
Of California; for grsSine, 1t cannot, Il seems to
me, be excelled in the world. Capitalists and
Spectators have recently been purchasing large
tracts Of land Of the original grantees in this sec.
ton Of the State, and at comparatively low prices
with the probable we'll founded expectation Of soon
reAlzinS large advance on the amount Of CAPT.
tai so invested. During this trip made my hrst
visit 10 Sacramento city. 1t by no means realised
| my expectations. Ii IL certainly now a place of
considerable Importance but has evidently attained
that point when = reaction may be predicted Real
estate Is TOO high, and rents too high, to warrant
any very confident belief in further immediate
rapid increase in the population and business Of
this new city. Some Of the most prominent mer.
chants and Huctioneers arr indeed, already closing
up their business, with the intention of either re
turning 70 their homes on the Atlantic, engag-
Ing ia other pursuits and many Of the largest
property holders in the city Capt Suffer among
the res have sold out their entire interest ut what
three months ago, would have been considered a
very low price. And yet new towns are constant
ly springing into existence all along the northern
| rivers OF California. From the mouth Of Feather
river to Marysville on the Yuba, the banks of the
rivers seem TO be lined with villages and embryo
cities, now having from FIVE to fifty or hundred
houses each.
Owing 10 the high state Of the water in the
streams of the mining districts, but very little has
yet been done the present season in the way Of gold
digging. The amount of gold taken out will I'M
qucsuonably, however, be much greater the pres
ent than during the last season, but distributed
among infinitely greater number of miners,
each realizing, consequently, less amount than
son. great change will necessarily take place
in the prospects Of this portion of our population
within the next year or two, when the present pro-
cess in obtaining the precious metal shall have been
superseded by machinery brought into operation
by large capitalists, both from the older States and
from Europe, who already turning their attcn
ton to the subject Most Of the "diggings'' in
which gold can be obtained by the ordinary process
OF washing, &C., have already been taken up by
miners and spectators, whose claims are as
distinctly marked and ''staked out" as the lots
of property holder in Sacramento or San Fran
cisco, and generally their titles thereto quite
sacrediy respected. The quartz rock, and other
original of the rich deposits of gold in the
streams and valleys of California, will, ere many
years shall have elapsed, be all that will remain for
the operations OF the owner, and from these the
precious metal will necessarily have to be extracted
by machinery, under the control of large capital
istr, giving employment of course to innumerable
operatives but at prices far below the per diem
realized by our gold diggers Agriculture, com
engage more extensively tho attention of our popu-
aton, and the growth and prosperity Of California
be established on more steady and permanent
basis.
What have written in regard to the prospects
and present condition Of the miners in the northern
mines, will apply equally to those in the southern
Active operations will not commence much before
the first OF August, and the season cannot be e1-
pected to continue beyond the middle Of Novem-
Der, as by that time the heavy rains usually COM
mence. The present mining season will conse-
quently be short one.
New discoveries Of gold have been made about
one hundred and fifty miles above Marysville. on
what has been chrstened the "God lake" The
chores of this lake, which are Of considerable ex-
tent, said 10 be filled with the precious metal
and it is reported that individual has brought
thence to Elarysville since my visit to that place.
hay bushel OF Jumps, varying in size from quar-
ter of an ounce to ounce in size, obtained III a
short time, and without much labor. This has
created great excitement at Marysville, the pop
uaon of which, and of the neighboring places, had
nearly all left for these "new diggings."
have, in previous letter, referred to the proba
BILE removal by the next legislature, Of the seat of
government from San jose to the proposed new
city Of Vallejo, about twenty miles above San Fran
cisco, the straits Of Carquinas and mt the juno
ton Of the Napa and San Pablo bays. The new
city has already been surveyed, and a company Of
influential capitalists organized, with the deter
mnation to "go ahead, }" whether the capital is or
il not established at this point. The site no doubt
presents many advantages, for large commercial
city, not possessed by San Francisco. The dis
lance from the Golden Gates" Gas the entrance
from the Pacific TO the succession of bays connect
ed with the harbor Of San Francisco is termed) ia
about the same San Francisco. The barber II
one Of the safest and most commodious in the world
and tho commissioners appointed by the General
Government, to make surveys and decide upon the
best location, have TO recommend Mares Island,
half a mile from Vallejo, as the naval depot of the
United States in California. The climate OF Vallejo
is delightful, and the place is never subjected TO
those strong and cold northerly winds which rem
der San Francisco 30 disagreeable as residence,
and so dangerous a commercial city.
There is plenty Of marble for building purposes
in the immediate vicinity Of Vallejo, and plenty Of
limestone at a convenient distance, and easily OBJ
tainable. The new city will command most
beautiful view OF San Pablo bay and Of the country
adjacent, and the Napa valley Through which the
Napa river flows, and near the mouth Of which the
city Is located) and the Sonoma valley in the vi
cinity are among the most fertile in California.
Near Vallejo are also mineral springs, possessing
similar properties, and said TO equal the celebrated
Congress springs at Saratoga. General Green,
(Scnator in the State Legislature from Sacramento
district, and Of the propretors OF the new cty
j understand, has been appointed agent OF the COM
pany, and will leave in the steamer Columbus, with
the view Of affecting such an arrangement in New
York with the proprietors OF the Pacific mail steam
will induce them to make Vallejo their prin-
cipal depot on the Pacific
FroM THE MISEs.-Thc intelligence from the
mines is Of such nature TO prove that there will
be greater quantity Of gold dug out this summer
than ever before. We scarcely know which val
ley, the San Joaquin or the Sacramento, has sent
out tho richest specimens; but the gold comes from
both regions in sufficient quantities TO prove that
there was but little extravaganza in the assertion
that the ore is incnhaustible. II has been found,
too as far North Oregon, and far south IA the
mountains. near Los Angeles. There appears to
be ridge OF gold-bearing quartz running the
whole length Of the country almost north and south.
The ore has been found richer in the mountains OF
Los Angeles than even in the mines of NJ triposa.
We have seen large masses from both localities.
AZ found in the former place, it will require the
employment OF science and nachinery-the one TO
direct operations, the other for grinding the rock
and, with these two agents engaged, II will afford,
from the immense quantity that exists, sufficient
employment and compensation TO three fourths, at
least, OF all the superfluous labor in the United
Ststcs.-San Francisco Herald, June Is.
ARRIYAI or rur ~. s SrIAMEn XIXrN-R r.