The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-07-10
bushels win pay ali enpen.es and exe txo or Draf

l
| four acres OF this land will yield net income Of
| only eight bushels. Now, double the deuth Of The
soil and the crop, making the latter twenty ei9ht
bushels instead OF fourteen per acre, and the for
mer twelve inches deep III the place of six: fifteen
| bushels instead Of twelve will now pay all annual
expenses, and leave net profit not Of ttco but of
thirteen bushels per acre. If small crops will pay
expenses, large ones will make fortune provided
the farmer knows how to enrich his land in the
most economical way. II is quite easy to pay
too dear for improving lands as 70 lose money at
any other business whatever.
The first thing for the operator to do Is, 10 acquire
all the knowledge within his reach from the ex De-
riencc Of others who have done for their sos what
he proposes to accomplish for his Twenty or fifty
dollars invested in the best agricultural works in
the English language. may save him thousands in
the end, and double his prcfits in two years.
The agricultural journals Of the United States
abound in information most useful 10 tho practical
farmer; and the back volumes. II collected and
bound, will form library OF great value.
ROTATION or cnops IN coNsxxIoS WITH WHEAT
CULTURE.
system Of tillage and rotation which will paw
best III one locality quality of soil and in
particular climate, will be found not at ali adapt
ed to other localities, different soils, and latitudcs
Hence no rule can be laid down that will meet the
peculiar exigencies of farming country go extern
sve as the thirty States east Of the Rocky Noun
tains. There are soils in western New York, known
to the writer which have borne good crops Of wheat
every other year tor more than twenty years. and
produce better now than at the beginning of their
cultivation. The resources of the earth, in supply
ing the elements of wheat and corn, are extremely
variable There arc friabe. shaly rocks. in Livngs-
ton county, New York, which crumble and slake
when exposed to the air, that abound in all the
earthly minerals necessary to form good wheat
These rocks hundreds Of feet in thickness. and
have furnished much Of the soil in the valley Of
the Genesee. The Onondaga salt group. and other
contiguous strata which extend into Canada w est,
form soils of extraordinary capacity for growing
wheat. Indeed the rocks and "drift" Of a district
give character to its arabic surface.
Nothing ia more needed at this time than a good
geological map of the United States, accompanied
by an accurate and popularity arranged work on
Agricultural Geology. The writer had hoped to
best to devote another year to the collection of geo.
logical surveys and facts, and to the making Of
more critical and extended researches, before pub
fishing.
In the matter Of rotation of crops in connexion
with wheat culture, clover and corn are generally
preferred In all the northern and most Of the Mid
die States. In New York, Ohio, nnsylvania.
Michigan, Wisconsin, northern Indiana, and Hi
nos, 50 far as the writer is acquainted, a crop of
wheat ia made in rotation, either every third,
fourth, or fifth year. Wherever wool growing il
united with wheat culture, clover and wheat are
the staple crops of the farm. Wool and superfne
Hour are exported; farmers taking nearly all the
bran and shorts Of the millers who purchase their
wheat. The ofia of wheat makes not little feed,
with chaf and cut straw. Many agriouturists
grow peas, beans, turnips, bects, and carrots in
large quantities, as we'll as clover, corn, oats,
and barley. Peas and beans, both vines and seeds,
when well cured, excellent feed for sheep;
and on good land they easily grown. They
fit the sill well for wheat.
All the manure derived from sheep ia husband
ed with extreme care by farmers who gradu-
ally enrichng their lands. On deep, rich, ara
BILE soil, quite number of sheep may be kept per
acre, if highly cultivated; and their manure pre-
pares the land for producing generous crops of
| wheat at small expense. OF all business men, 1,
farmers should be the closest caIcuators Of profit
and loss.
| Great arc should be taken to good and clean
seed, on clean land. Previous TO putting the seed
in the ground, drilling is preferable to sowing
| broadcast.) wheat should be soaked or 6 hours
not longer-in strong brine. After this add
peck more of recently ed lime to each bushel
and shovel il over well, that the lime may cover
each seed. IL Is now ready to commit to the earth
| Most good farmers roll the ground after seeding
| some before.
permitting their wheat 10 remain too long in the
field after il is graded and in small shocks. Good
barns are very scarce in lthe planting Slater,
and in some others.
Sumner CaIlo,ciag is generally abandoned, cx-
cept in cases where old pastures and meadows,
prairie, or bushy, bad fields To be subdued-
As general rule, friabe soils need be ploughed
long before the intended crop is expected to begin
TO grow. Among fertilizers, wood ashes, salt,
| bones, gypsum, lime, guano and poudrette, have
been used IN wheat culture with decided advan-
| tagc. In Great Britain, manure derived from the
consumption Of turnips and other root crops by
| sheep and neat cattle In much used in preparing
land for wheat. Sheep, clover and peas, corn and
hogs, rotate well to ensure the economical produc-
ton Of this staple. Manure m usually applied to
the crop preceding wheat
II may be interesting 10 some readers to see in
this place the result Of several organic analy
scs OF wheat made by Nj. Boussingault. Wheat
dried at 23O' IN uacuo was found To contain: