The New York herald., 1850-09-17

| ties are sometimes very numerous ia the limestone
| and lined with pseudomorphous masses, and white
ifuate and quartz of crystals. Thus il will be OBJ
served, that in this section can be found at Lake
Chsmpaln, a blending together, or union, of all
classes OF rocks, except slate, but which pass de-
cidedly into each other, as II cotemporaneous.
This most wonderful formation extends into Orange
county, New-YOrk. In the mountains neer Spar
to, large masses, miles in extent of the red oxide
OF zinc, are found and as this metal is easily ftisi
bic, II may IN time become quite valuable, and add
much 10 The wealth OF this portion OF the State.
From two inconsdcra rable sugarloaf peaks, CON-
monty known as Nus Adam and Eve, white crys-
talliDe limestone, which is OF very singular for
nation has heen traced 10 Byram township, in Sus-
sex county, in an even and uninterrupted course of
about twenty-five miles. It's width, how ever, ID
variabie-sometimes IL is nearly two miles aud
ottrn not more than two rods wide. Except Al
Mounts Adam end Eve, its general ncli1,tioa is
low frequently underl) ing the limestone OF more
recent date. Its continuity in places ia scarcely
discembe, except by bould~rs and loose stones
scattered abuLdantly over the surface. IL is sup.
posed TO extend 10 EasioD, with occasional breaks.
Ia the primitive region, IL has been asserted that
gold and silver have been found in many places;
bat on close examination, the veins have been dis
covered to be nothing but pyr,tes, which very much
resemble those metals.
Extensive deposits Of magnetic iron ore, and
other remarkable minerals, occupy considerable
space IN The primitive ridges southwest, particularly
Scott's Mountain and Jenny Jump, In SCOTS
Mountain, in close proximity to Oxford Furnace,
capacious mines Of iron were worked years age,
of the shafts and drifts of which are still OBJ
servable. In 1882, however, Messrs. Henry and
Jordan purchased the works, and commenced ope-
ratloDs on more extended scale. They opened
vein of magnetic ore, which is blended with
Donate OF lime, from ten To twelve feet in width,
enclosed by paTietes OF mica shale. The elements
of primitive rock are found numerously and
strangely united throughout these mountains,
which afford considerable. .interestto the naturalist
There is valley northwest of these primitive hills,
which is about ten miles wide, extending over the
and which is drained by the Pawlins Kill, flowing
into The Delaware. This is called the Pawns
NIL Valley. Ii is numerously dotted with little
hills, knobs and low ridges, which present quite
an interesting appearance, and seem scattered over
the valley in much confusion but still, they are
easily traceabe on the incliaaton of the noun
taips. Limestone of the transition formation, in
this valley, alternates with slate ridge of con-
siderable magnitude, composed of slate, bounds
this valley the southeast side, almost from the
mouth OF its creek to Newton, and the north
eastsde it is equally distinguished for its limestone
qnarries. There is another ridge OF slate, suitable
for roofing and cyphering slate, found north of the
limestone, excellent guarries of which are worked
on the Delaware. A bed of granwacke has also
teen discovered between this slate and the Kitta-
tiny or Blue Mountains. This mountain contains
the usual species OF transition rocks, granwacke,
IN every variety of aggregation, slate, mountain
limestone, and greensboro. IL rises from l. 400 to
I,6OO feet high, and is covered with wood "in
which the deer, bear, wolf, and most wild animals
Another little stream, called the Flat Kid, waters
fertile tract of transition lime land, in north
western direction from the mountain.
The mountains OF this third section are princi.
pally in their natural state-only now and then a
fertile cultivated farm is the hill sides; the
soil best adapted for agricultural purposes s found
in the alluvial valleys, which ere well calculated
TO produce all kinds of farm vegetables. A beau
tiful specimen Of marble is found at Mendham, in
this district, capable of being highly polished, and
suitable for ornamental architecture, resembling
the marble of Florence
Thus have ] given In detail the mos, striking
features of the thrse grand divisions into which
have divided the geological formation of the State
OF New Jersey. Perhsps other and more minute
Investigations may yet discover more attractive
features and richer minerals in this State; but,
viewing II in its present condition, il may not bs
out II the way 10 say, that New Jersey, aside
from her manufactures, valuable aud productive
farms, and other sources Of wealth, is now rich
minerslogical State as any in the Union, in pro-
portion TO its area. II will also he seen that wise
Providence has well adapted il in every particular,
for the use aud benefit OF the different conditions
of man, and that his grand purposes evolved in
all the works Of his hands. ID. w. B.