The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-11-09

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bility be returned. Nearly four hundred of the
mt mbers of the Assembly have already arrived In
Paris.
The section of the Centre railroad from Neron,.
des TO Movers, was opened this week The total
length of the line between Paris and Nevers Is 3Oi
kilometres, or rs leagues, viz From Paris to Or
leans, l22 kilometres; Orleans to Vierzon, 80;
Vierzon TO Bourges, 81; Bourges to Nerondes, 80;
and Nerondes to Nevers, 81 This distance was
gone over by the trains in "a hours. There are
several very fine works of art on the section just
opened; the principal one is the bridge thrownoyer
the Lore, and on which the line passes into Ne
vers II is constructed of cast iron, on plan
somew similar 10 that of the Pont du Carrouse
with seven arches oiforty.two metres span each.
A novel ceremony took lace yesterday thurs
day. in the chapel of the palace OF st Cloud. Inc
President of the Republic administered the oaths
TO the three French cardinals recently created by
the Pope. and presented them with the cardinals
hat end the robes of office The prelates IN cues
ton wore the civil costume OF their dignity, VIZ
black coat, with red buttons, black breeches and
red stockings. In presenting the insignia OF ohce,
the President addressed short complimentary
speech to each of the cardinals. The Pope's nun
clio, the ministers, and large body OF the superior
clergy, were present.
In England, the chief topic in commercial circles
is the aspect Of foreign poiIcs The turn OF events
is now anxiousy watched by spectators. fester-
day the market for stocks was very heavy: The
deficiency IN the cotton crop in the United States,
and the uncertainty of the crop IN India, has be-
come matter of serious consideration. The at
cultivation Of cotton in our own (Brtsh) colonies,
to provide against such deficiency AS foretoid,
the appointment of Cardinal Wiseman to the see
of Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, which has
been followed by the PRONUNCIATION Of papal BULL
appointing twelve Roman Catholic Bishops in
England, namely -
Bishopric Of Southwark Bishoprc ofLiverpool,
Bishopric of Birmingham Bfshopric OF Plymouth,
Bishopric of nottingham, Bishopric of Beverley,
Bishopric OF Salop, Bshopric Of Clifton,
Bishoprie OF Stafford, Bishopric of Msrthyrrydvil,
Risho If Nn-tb Mt NeWpOrt
has raised regular storm in England. The SNAP
ping out' of Queen Victorias domnons by the
Pope as it has been styled, is universally censured
by every organ of public opinion IN England "A
meeting has been announced to take place shortly
in Exeter Hail. 10 take the subject into considera-
ton
London is filling all the ministers are ia town,
and members droppng IN n ss, Inc Iueen ana "a
Wight, since the death of the Queen Of the Bel
gians. They see little orino company. The court
hes gone into mourning for three weeks.
On Friday last two carrier pigeons, taken by Sir
John Ross when he left the port of Aver, in Scot.
land, returned. He was to let them loose in
the event of his finding Sir John Franklin, or OF
being frozen in. The birds arrived within short
time of each other, but without any letter One OF
them had a string the document was shot away,
the bird being wounded. Sir John Ross has
three other pigeons with him.
Gibson, the sculptor, is to execute the statue
voted by the House of Commons to the memory of
the late Sir Robert Peel, and which is to be placed
in Westminster Abbey.
On Tuesday afternoon, the cotton factory of
Messrs. Allan, HaughtOn and Brother, at War
ripgton, was completely destroyed by fire.
Our latest advices from Madrid are 10 the 18th
inst In my last, informed you that the rumored
retirement of Narvaez was incorrect. The subse-
quent advices confirmed my statement. There is
no chance of his going out.
The Fugitive Slave siu ofthe United States.
From the London Post, october %
Some OF the characteristics OF Juries are Illus
rated indirectly and incidentally by the important
law entitled the Fugitive Slave bill, which was
recently passed in the Fedral Legislature of the
United States. Until the introduction of this bill
the slave-owners were obliged TO resort to species
of legal machinery which was found qaite inefti'
Gent for the recovery OF their Ascending bonds
length tracked TO his place of refuge in one of the
free States. the owner or the owners agent, as it
might be, on claiming the Individual, was met bya
wha e TO 0y sSe
claimant had to recur, Of course, TO the
au'honty of the courts of law. Here the
great question the identity of the slave, and.
cue ston Of fact, it belonged TO the decision of
jury. In free State, jury composed OF men
warmly prepos sessed az ainst the whole system of
slavery, and often formally pledged TO effect the
abolition of 10, would naturally have all their SYM
patbies enlisted on the side of the poor runaway,
and their keenest antipathy excited against his
pursuer. Certainly, sympathy and antipathy were
not supposed TO be the proper grounds Tor verdict
The jury, too, pronounce by virtue, as il is said,
OF their oalbs Nevertheless, it so happened that
the slaveowners were exceedingly dissatisfied with
these verdicts. They were invariably against
the claimant; invariably they ignored the iden-
tiiy Of the respondent. This could not be borne
for ever by the slave-owner The increasing
activity Of The abolonists rendered the case more
ntolersble, for, in proportion as the enemies Of
slavery became more and more stirring, the slaves
lied from their masters more and more frequently
and readily. The owners, continually banked Ia
the attempt TO regain possession OF Them, aud
unable in many instances 10 prevent their Hight
and their evasion into the free territory OF the
Union, proposed and carried law which entirely
alters the mae hnery for recovering the fugitiyes
Instead of the before required verdict Of 2 Jury,
On their osths, all that is now necessary is
the oath Of the claimant himself Ga the
strength of this species Of identification, the
un oItunate slave is surrendered by the har-
boring state, and handed over 10 the control
from which he had fed with horror Already the
new regulations have been enforced with unrelent.
ing sirictnets, and the slave owners enjoying
glazing and ostentatious triumph. As far as the
Qualification of the fugitive is concerned no rea-
sonasle coubt can be- entertained that, in most
cases, the new test Of the claimants affirmation is
calculated TO be practically effective. The chief Oh
lection TO such witness Is almost confession of his
sufiiciency. That objection would De, that he 10
party interested in principal degree or. in other
words, that he Is the ownsr OF the slave whom he
claims Tbisis the precise point which alone requires
10 be decided Eiiher, there FORE the witness s unob
ieotionabe, else the is confessed, and The
case is complete. We need not say that these con-
sidereons leave the question of slavery ITSELF the
ilhcitness or the alowahsness Of the system in
trim sically, and the rights Of the bondman, those
10 which his master pretends altogether untouched
In the case Of an escaped slave. the point which
IL is the object 10 ascertain Ia the United States is
merely whether the individual alleged 20 have fled
he or be not the same. Aud tits suggestive fact
no satisfactory solution of this simple question
could he WIRING from the indignant lures before
whom IL was tried for so many years. These tribu-
mails, influenced by many high and general con.
sid p,i ted he he fnali of
their hearts, cosld not contne their attention to
the simple and single fact which they had TO
determine. They saw before them the opplessor
and his victim, net two parties between whom
there was but one issue, whether The hrst
not the person whom the second declared and ef.
firmed him to be The Jury saw before them a
wretch who had JUST escaped from what they con-
sidered most iniquitous and horrible Affections.
and who stood tremblingly waiting to learn from
their verdict whether he was or was not 20 be
again consigned 70 unrighteous and remorseless