The New York herald., 1850-04-08
The Eject In England of Mr.. Caihoun's
Last speech ON the Slavery Qucstion.

Last speech on the Slavery Qucstion.
tfrom the London Times. March %
Whilst the political communities Of the old con
tincnt Of Europe soptinue for ihe most prt 10 toll
for the solution Of The great engnx OF this sse those
OF the New world IN the plenitude u freedom and Of
property excited unwouscd pitch by qucs-
tons that threaten to destroy the federal union Of
given birth to discussions 20 which 10 not within
power Of nan to assign limit or to- give
form Of government the disribuioc Of society are
She objects of popular agtaton and political eontriv-
.nee, the citizens OF the Urted States pcrpexed
by an evil which laws asd no revolutions can re-
move. In word, slavery is tho lion In their path,
and thrcstens TO divide the of their vast and
Fortunate dcstinses The Union has cxendc, itself by
enterprise and BY conquest to the shores % the
thest ocean, slavery tracking tsoso conqucsts claims
admission to Its new realms; tle nation pursues with
unabated energy its prodigous of pacific ag-
grandsement but the diseased limb Of the south
views with jealousy md irritation that growts wc
she rival and attributes to- .c Injustice OF hrr
confcdcrstes results which spring directly and ncvi-
tsty non her own so'ai condition. The demasd OF
the state of California to be into the Uaon,
has brought the controversy to an ISSUE and tho dIs
coveres Of gold In that region hnvs contributex BY
tolerate tire decision OF dispute long held to be the
most fatal 10 the security VI the Union.
Two moro cxpedionts have already been proposed BY
way Of promise-the extension of TIN wilmot pro-
vo restricting the admission OF savers into
rtcres within the Joth parallel Of lstitud- aud tho
proposal to vrst In the inhabitants Of the conquered
territories uniformed States the rights oflsg-
ntion as are possessed by tfe people In She States
even ny Congse-s so that the question would be de-
eidcd hy the citizens Of each locality 3ut these
and Ill similar propositions the South h.~ opposed
mined rc~stancc and NJ the momcns when these
sugg stions for oonciatory adjustment are before
the senate OF the United STAKES Mr. CALHOUN has do
hvercd his opision tothe corntry In tho form Of
Grafton snstrance which depicts In thc strong.
~t language ~ nature Of these divisions aud tho
scqntnees to which they Are tending. This solemn
tecirnon Of she great champion of the interests of
the youth. derised. possible. increased weight and
authority from the declining health Of i,s emincnt
author IL was read in his by Of his senate
rial colleagues; and that assembly might well pause
at warming uttered by statesman of order " in
Puny ranks Of asmOeratic politicians.
II Il undoubtedly true that we follow Nsr Calhoun
IN his comparison between the relative powers Of tho
koithern and the Southern sessions OF tho Union in
1870 and in 1854 the result demonstrates Increase
10 tst of tho states sti infrstei with slavery In
ssne of tho latter as In Virginia the nnmr Of repre-
seItatvcs TO Cspgrcss has actually dmlnishc In all
has increased with far less rapidity than In the
North The contrast Is drawn u iis sharpest edge be-
tween tho contiguous States of Ohio aud Kentucky.
The free state founded twelve years later than
the slave staiether soil and climate are equalyet
In lees than half century Ohio has million of ctl
naturally been that tho North has. by Is natural
growth acquired constant augmentation of that po-
httsl sseendanry OF which Nr. Calhoun aud ths
south complain But that fset u inherent not In the
political Institutions Of the Union. hut In tho
social condition Of the States themselves aud the In
justiee or inequality against which Mr. Calhoun pro-
tess the direct consequences that very state 70
things which he attempts to perpetuste and extend
the Rocky Mountains and suhdue the prlircs of tho
wost the South has Infinitely less force to multiply
t,n to expand 60 Increase But the reason l. clear;
the institutions ~ the North tend to this rapid aud
audscious progress those Of the South clog the
natural prosress on society. In the North labor b
hnn.rec and every man Is the chief workman In the
bric ~ his independcnc.-in the south IL /. servile
snd the possession Of other beings alone commands
the cultivation Of the soil Toward. the North ceasc-
lee stspAm of emigration from Burapcan nations
sv's the population with frceh ofsets-hut the brill
liant rrgfons Of the South tempt foreign eugant 10
their tropical soil In the North tho land l. the prse
ana the means of labor IN the south land j. useful
only 10 The -sveloldcr The North presents all the
conditions h,orsbie 10 the increase of native pnpula
ton-in the south population increases slowly.
snd one fourth of consists no, q citizens. but cf
llases. and political power follows the same Law
Tho ono h the living incsrnstion Of principle
of national growth-the other Of a principal Of
tr The freedom Of the North seeks 10 extend
ts.f TO new commonwealth and 90 multiply con-
f,d rate staies-the slavery of the South clnrs 10
th' old sistcs, and views with jealousy the rise of
Pov'rs which divide or Lessen ia authority In the
tnhn Tho social condition u the North incites and
inNtorrte- man for cncrgetc enterprises ~ the
s"n' cner'ates and degradcs him the one epircs "
ctml lcte individual freedom the other u sometimes
eled 10 sacrifice freedom itself 10 security aud
Trtcautions tho men 81 the North live In jealous i'm
OF any interference Of government In thcr
pull shairs-those of the South daily reminded
that ihe authority Of stringent Law. and vigorous
FoWln~eht are needed 10 preserve them from the
wort cslsmitics a social war. Thcee
ply ,uheisnt TO determine the inequality u the two
s,citns 81 the Union and ~ v by the immutable laws
Of b. man nature that the one nourhea in unbouned
luHorants whilst the other Is crippled hy the clescnts
of We ovn existence
Nr Calhoun would remedy ,he evils or the injustice
OF which he complains by setcring the ties which
already impaired. and ~ Withdrawing from The pre-
stht eont hrotion unless u comedies equal range
10 All the pretenslons ct the south Bat 10 this sou
ton 81 tht din euty paramount contradiction op
poe helt the south v already loo weak % oh
sn htn torgFtts due recognition jywhat she terms
her regal fhN Jpcb the footing Of thc constitution
how tha she exDset 10 from her moro powerful
nts5air cuditcIs fseparation' W no shall determine
th"isnits ~ her jUrtd,ction those territories
Nheie the mert spIruach ~ her scrve institutions IL
Ltuneuv'D repeied' who shall protect even hor
VI rights aud her indie pcnde nee againt superior
ntagcnist rs loug shc 10 weakened 10 the BY
her black population IA s clear that the question
c,tr rerthfd this fatal extremity the force ~ the
Ncrth end hot the protcfteons of the South. would
0ictste The conditions. aud though a struggle mxhs