The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1850-12-07
BY WM NJ. OSMAN. OTTAWA, ILL.,.

w " 'e,'fOb payment
dues, cannot conceive that the treasury would
suffer any loss by such a provision which will at
once raise bullion to its par value, aud thereby
save, If am rightly informed many millions Of
dollars to the laborers. which are now paid in
brokerage to convert thi. precious metal into a
valuable funds. This discount upon their hard
earnings IS heavy tax, and every effort should
| be made by the government to relieve them from
1 this burden
! More than three fourths Of our population are
engaged IN the cultivation Of the soil The com
merclal manufacturing, and navigating interests,
are ALL to great extent dependent upon the ag.
rcnltur"l. II - therefore the most important in.
,erest Of the nation and has Just claim to the
fostering care and protection Of the government,
50 far as they can be extended consistently with
the provisions Of the constitution Az thi, cannot
be done by the ordinary mode of legislation | re,
| specially recommend the establishments Of an
agricultural bureau, TO be charged with the duty
I OF giving to the lie dng branch Of American in.
dusiry the encouragement which /, so well dc
serves.
! In view Of the immense mineral resources Of
our country, provision should also be made for
the employment OF q competent mineraogst aud
chemist, who should be required under the dirsc-
| ton of the bureau, 70 collect specimens Of the
+
10y careful analysis their respective elements, and
their adaptation to useful purposes He should
also be required TO examine and report upon the
qualities Of different soils, and the manner best
calculated To improve their productiyeness, by
publishing these experiments with suitable cxpla-
nations, aud by the collection and distribution Of
rare seeds and plants, with instructions rs To the
best system Of cultivation Much may be done
to promote tins great national interest
In compliance with the act of congress passed
on the 2ad Of May. 1850 providing, among other
things lor taking the seventh census a superin-
tendent was appointed, and all other measures
adopted which were deemed necessary to insure
the prompt and faithful performance Of that duty.
The appropriation already made will it is belle.
we'd, be sufficient to ltfray the whole expenses of
the work; but further legislation may be necess.
airy m gard TO The compensation Of some of the
mar.has Of The territories. 1t will also be prop
er to make provision 10y law ut an early date for
the publication Of such abstracts Of the returns
MS the public interest may require
The unprecedented growth of our territories
On the Pacific in wealth and social and CONNER
cal relations with the Atlantic States, seems to
render It the duty Of the government to use all
It's constitutional power to improve the means Of
intercourse with them
The Importance Of opening n line Of communi.
cation, the best and most expedition, of winch
the nature of the country will admit between the
valley Of the Mississippi and Pacific, was brought
to your notice by my predecessor in his annual
message aud a the reasons which he presented
IN favor OF the meIsute still exist in fall force,
bes leave to call your attention to them. and TO re-
peat the recommendations there made by him.
The uncertainty which exists in regard to the
validity Of land titles in California, is a subject
which demands your early consideration. Large
oohss OF lands in tina. state are claimed under
grants, said to have been made by authority Of
the Spanish and Mexican governments. MANY Of
these have not been perfected, and others have
been revoked and some are believed To b. fraud
u!ent; but until they shall have been iuicially
investigated, they will continue to retard the set
uement and Improvement Of the country. l.
therefore, respectfully suggest that provision be
made by law, for the appointment of commission.
ers with a view TO their fiall adjustment
also neg leave to call your attention to the
proprlety Of extending at an early day. our sys-
TEN OF lani laws, with su:h notifications As may
be necessary, over the Stlte If California anil the
territories Of Utah AL New Mexico
The minsrl. land. o.! California viii ~ course.
form an exception 20 any general system whl,h
mty b. adopted Narps, mt;hpl4 Of dl-p,,iu,
OF them have been suggested | was az trst m
''lned To favor the system Of leasing "a /. seem
Ell to promise the largest revenue to the govern
men'' To an'rd the best security against monopo
,'e', oH' lnriher reIittIioD~ aud eur expenses in
leasing the lead mines, and selling lands up.
'h crelit' nave brought my mini To the conclu-
son mat iherc would b" great difficulty IN coIlec
ing the rents The relation ofdebtor and credit
or between the clliz'ns and government would
o. attended WHY many m'thcvous results. l.
therefore re'ommhnl that Instead or retaining
inc ""a'r'I 'ni under The permanent control Of
lhe government, that they be- divided into small
parcels ANA snli at sn'h tme n will insure the
best pn'', anl guard mo't r.t''n uiv against the
com 'nNI'H' % capitalists To- nb'u m1n"pr'i~s,
ne annex zen OF leNl'anI tn acquisition Of
'u'nr"l' n View Mexico have given Increased
Importance 10 cur Indian relations Fac various
t''-' uToNSh. Iller our jurisdiction b' tuHsc IN
IArs'men'S oi oar boundaries, are c,luted To
emor"n 42tolD l'y1' an' New MhSro ure
surrounded hy pnW"riH! tribes ot lnlIu' who
aWrH source e' ''n''wt terror a"I annoyance to
tna ''n'o'HHt. separating INTO small, Preda'o-
~ o''''' ,"'E '''ft'N Ia, country, Devastating
'1r'n'' DESTROYING crops ant numbering the mh1h.
''h,s OF eWrlih- 'nth mo c1p1vly IHe great
l"Ad' le''lI mo ihe country are Infested 10y
mem Thereby travelling Is renierci extremely
lh0g HrNlS, ana emigration Is almost entirely