The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-05-05
NTELLIGENCE BY THE MAILS.
Our washington ,o,re.po.dence.


w..Hr,oroy, May s, 1850 |
TIA Clos, Of n. Week-Tae CcmSses Of Thirteen The
Cos. pyovsise and the Pyesdency-The Meeting or Ex
hemes-Trou6le .qhead-1slk NJ summer Reee"
rv.,tx-two weeks Of the session have expired. We
h,vs nassed bill the relief If Sir John Franklin
prvste bill OF two-a resolution for the relief Of the
Secretary Of Il Treasurywe have nearly got through
with the bill, and that's about all
present of five months legislation, deducting the
everlasting palsvcriI.g ON The slavery question.
Upon this grand and a~itl topic. we have broken
ground in the appointment of the committee Of thir
teen ofthe Senate They have framed their programme
and IL only awaits the revision Of the full committee
in order to be in adness to lay before the Senate
next Monday. As reported you by telegraph, We un-
derstan the main bin 10 he
general compromisr bill, including
l. The admission of California just as size Is, with
some provisions for securing the public lands to the
terrt orial government fox all that vast terrific
~ lying between the Rocky Mountains on the cast,
and the Sierra N vads ou The west aud between the
Oregon boundary in latit AZ and the line Of
Gila Mt about 80 that is say territory about 600
miles snusre or 800 900 20 uarr miles equal in are, TO
six States altogether. Of the size Of New York Thi.
vast territory lcs at elevation Of 1000 feet
shove the sea eDviron,d by mountains from 1000 to
Is 600 feet higher than the level and penetrated
in every direction by chiins Of bold mountains and
volcano cliffs "a region a volcanic ruins and desola-
tion, chaos OF desrts bond rocks snow-ead peaks,
deep ehasms salt lakes. hot springs aud the extinct
craters Of Volcanoes and piles Of volcanic debris.
Around the Great Salt luBC below ana above III,
strip OF good land. ccuritd by the Mormons. Along
the Sierra Nevada bass there are some good strips.
Along the Great Colorado There are some fine bottoms
though almost wholly Xllorcd. At the mouth of
the ella tn re l. patch or two cultivated by the In
dians; and this comprise the habtable soil Of this
vast urrtoIy OF D,s'rt or Utah As ii is supposed
that n gro cannot live la such n country and such
climate, The oommttc' have Left out The proyiso,
thinking IL hardly n,ce' saIy 10 lay anything about
slavery in a reg whrr God Almighty has incrdicted
it. beyond the pOwr Of legislation TO set aside his de-
cree.
g. A territorial government for New Mexico, with
hing about sla,ty hc disputed territory OF Texas
east OF The Rio Gandc 10 be- bought of Texas at from
six TO ten millions his right 1t Is due to Texas,
and due TO N,w Mex e. ghe habitabe part Of New
Mexico is the valley OF tine Rio Grande riband
of ailuyioD, scHIC, ~ raging three miles wide
watered nosty ir'm the river by canals and bitches
The rest IL mounta.noJa az der"rt-sterile and bald
To survey the line 81 tie all the way up to its
sources the boundary at lexas cuts OF Santa Pc and
more than one half 81 the little habitabe rband Of
New Mexico and reduces her population from 100 900
to perhaps 3OCtO he rutory therefore claimed by
New Mexico should be given To her. aud the compact
of annexation requires that Texas should be paid for
il. SO far, good But IN the southwest corner of
New Mexico is the Pa-o Pass. of del orte open
ing through the cont mental chain OF mountains to
california inns Is TN OILY outlet westward OF New
MeXioo and, shut tar IN from he ii the pass is
taken n ON her. sht l. completely locked up. There
has been some dispute ~ committee whether the line
should be n. 1--WE this pass to Texas to
New Mexico. We suppose that Texas is disposed
to be generous. She la the advantages of the sea-
board the East the gable part Of the Rio randc
on the South aud tn Rcd River the North. She
could therefore aft rd 10 give the Paso del Norte to
New Mexico il paid Tor II, especially when II is the
only point even for an nd depot and outlet possessed
by the territory IL l. r,'less 20 argie about slavery
in New Mexico. The habahle land ia occupied by
race who live upon aud work for half the cost
OF negro slaves The provso then, for New Mexico is
humbug. a. much 80 tor Utah.
The South peril ctly satisfied that slavery
can exist in th'seterrnoie' They have resources
soil. no climate tos ustain slavery.
Not 20 with California the Pacific. The gold
mines, the shipping interest he cultivation OF olives
tobacce. &c. optn uyi ing field in California for
slave labor. negro Iiay be- hired in the South
ern states AT from TO 10 500 year. The average
negro to the gold mines let them work 300 days
81 the year In ihem the rae Of IS earnings each
day for hi- master aud he negrs gate product OF ten
slaves for one yesr wgald be Sij UvO-more than the
South
Suppose we divide California by the Missouri line
leaving the Southern halt open to the South with
their slaves. What llows, The value Of slaves j.
increase. at and thousand. would cheerfuly go
and work for year two for their masters with the
prospect Of n azing not only their freedom but for
tune for their masters nd themselves.
Hence the idea of the Missouri line IL practical
thing with the South II T. also stroke Of policy.
The Southern half Of California would soon become
southern state and to this cxcrt, would strengthen
the South In thr Senate.
few extreme Southern men in Tho senate viii stili
demand this line To conciliate them Is the great
dinculty. They believe that this compromise is
Presidential experiment and that while Clays object
H. by this project. overthrow tbn cabinet and its
policy. and to rrstore the old Wig party In power
the object II foote and others Is 10 elevate themselves
by pushing forward Gen Cass the great democratic
chsmp for the succession.
II would be singular conjunction we should find
in the senate the Northern free sellers and the South
ern uras voting tog't h'r. in opposition TO the plan
Of the committee; but. from the present aspect OF
things such conjunction is by no ans improbable
nor the of the committees plan certain
as the rising Of tn. sun Exclude the South from
California and they have not an inch q ground in the
territ cries acquired OF Mexico not one inch Of them
And understand the committee d. not intend to
propose In the general bill scheme for the division
Of Texas the utras Of the south have me excuse for
demanding the extension Of the Miss pri line TO the
Pacific, with view to the balance Of power AZ far as
possible.
Understood that his recent visit to " hington had
some connection With this proposition We doubt not
tonal democratic candidate for ls52 u the compro-
mis- succeeds General Cass holds the rcins and the
chances by all odds In his favor for the Missouri
line run through TO the Pacific only be regarded
nj this late day. n an absolute impos-ibilty Ton
years ago, n might have had some chance II boldly
prosecuted Now II IL too late; aud the south have
no alternative but to submit TO the admission Of Call
fornia a. che ,land, my have lo., ,ne gau,e ana
From this review II the subject. may well antci-
pate the meet terrible discussion that has been
In point Of fact for the North Mr. Clays plan H. TO
all intsnts and purposes just n good A. the wlmot
proviso extended from Texas to the Tacidc-just as
good IL only the point 81 honor % the south
10 only exempts them nom the and the insult
Of legislative act xciudng them in many words
But the extreme South require something more.
They cannot consent 60 call that compromise whore
all the sscrincs l. ON one eide They have a deeper
question. Having borne their share Of the expense
they wish at least share Of the profits Of California
late-the pressure If has been strong and
the South must submit when resistance T. useless
still. other prospect before than fierce
triangular contest in the Senate the compromise
and n very doubtful struggle in the House.
In the meantime. n summer recess H. talked of-an
adjournment ov, from the middle Of July To- the rst
ofSeptembcr-and the fiery furnace Of abolition and
notification. coupled with the heat Of the dog DAYS
may be such a. TO make Adjournment over, 10 the
people. q wise and beneficial proceeding A yet,
are by no means out Of the woods
wssu~cro- Nav 2 1850
7ze PssHd,nev and ne siar,rv Qv,'honT Ae Su,s sH
Dvvbt0Hi-Mss Cu,Aman- S-pts scnia. f<cnr,. S,na.
iorisi Contest If S,vsrd's Cases o..
There Is majority Of the Compromise ommlttce IN
favor Of Mr Clay proposed report given 20 you by
telegraph but there several % the southern
branch Of the COMMITTEE. opposed to California she
a. and they will make struggle for the Eis our line
The extreme southern men look upon the whole
thing game for the Presidency. They think tina.
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