New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1850-06-08


n fact In the science of political economy Is more
inportart than this. To reduce field when 10
its virgin state produced forty hnshels OF corn per
acre down 10 twenty In ten years, and then caiti-
vste IL forty years, and harvest only twenty
bushels per in place o iorty, IS eqaa 70 ioss
Of four hundred bushels Of corn per acre IN me az
ecate ar hslf the diminished prodact without
any equiv alent whatever. Thus 70 imPOyeush lana
l. 70 wither the murcles Of both man and beast
errffo, I'd N ia tlsge. Human toll - Oxen
praised Tor being highly productive, wheR, had Tue
y hole truth been Known it would be seen 10 nave
teen remarkably Dc structive. Labor never creales
q psrticle Of new matter by plOughing deep or
shallow; but it frequently places the elements o.
Grain cotton and provisions. be- ont the reach oil az
scis ntifc farmers WHO may live reaiteF, and ma
the sol wanting ia the raw material Tor making
human food and raiment
l. il not the duty Of Governmental difl'e among
is ctzeus a knowledge Of the true prncip'es oil
tIsee. tndimpress upon themthe obligation Fhich
even agIculturist owes 70 pcsterty nlt % i3ase
the so he cultivates in less fruitful condition than
lie found IL.
II. THE RAvAGEs or INSECTS.
Such insects as Hessian and wheat aies curc1-
lies. WeoVIs, army and hoI worms, annaaly Ss-
stJoy crops 60 the amount OF twenty mi lons OF ao
lars. II pirate on the high seas, or an indian
savage ca land, INJURIES the property OF c1Ze1 %
the amount Of a fe ~ dollars, millions are expended
If need be. TO punish the offender. This Is right
But when public enemies Of a different name do
thousand times Injury to whole country are
its citizens under any necessary restraint "nicn
forbids their making a common effort TO protect
their property from insect devastatorsf Para
site plants, such as rust on wheat and many
fungi as well as injurious insects, are on the In
crease. To attempt to explain the reasons why
this is So would lead at once into questions In anil
NAL and vegetable physiology, out OF place IN tnis
bref syuopsis of such rural topics as are believed
ipta ma
remark however that many boys are, apparently,
educated to kill all small birds that subsist mostly
ON iu,ecs as soon as these youngsters are large
enough TO shoulder gun.
Government can do much to check the ravages
Of insects by collecting and difusing useful intor-
nation as to their habits, times OF transformation,
and the best means Of destroying or avoiding them.
If farmers fold their arms and say that nothing
can be done BY the science OF entomology, nor by
any other means, what but an increase OF the evil
ia TO be expected Not to try to escape the evil
il treating ones enemies with unmanly forbear-
ance ard evlnces benef IN latallsm worthy uIs-
ciple Of Mahomed.
IL. ANALYSIS OF SOILS, MARLs AND FERTIL~
IZERS.
Something should be done in reference to the
ansy sis of soils fertilizers marls and other miner
ais constantly sent to the Patent office for that Pur-
pose For many years chemists and philosophers
have been investigating the afnlties and other Pc
culiarities of molecules, ultimate indlvlsloe
particles Of matter. These scientific researches
have revealed many important truths and natural
lave, which have a direct bearing on all the econo-
mical purposes OF Agriculture Some pains should
be taken to mpart a knowledge Of these laws 70
| all practical farmers. When we consider how lit
tie opportunity the Of agrculturlsts have TO
study the che mical composition OF their soils and
crops il will readily be seen that inflammation otthis
kind is greatly needed in all operations which aim
10 feed cultivated plants with their appropriate ali
ment.
Professor Henry, the distinguished Secretary OF
| the Smiths MAN Institution, has authorised ma to
saw that the extensive chemical apparatus and ex
ceient laboratory of the institution will be at the
service Of any reputable chemist, to make invest
cations for the increase and diffusion OF knowledge
| In this branch Of science.
| have compiled for this report about one hundred
| annlysis embracing most of the cereals several
grasses clovers, legumes, roots, cotton, tobacco,
fax. and the ash OF fruit and forest trees from the
| latest European and American authorities. These
| ANALYSES will be found valuable for reference.
! An elaborate paper the Study OF Soils,
| giving the chemical composition oil their parent
/ rocks the amount of the elements OF crops IN
cubc foot of earth available as food for plants, to-
gether with researches INTO the annual production
| and consumption of mould, thevariation OF the tenn
| persture AID hygrometic properties OF soils, has
| been deferred, TO keep this document within mod
| erate size For a similar reason no space has
grain and other crops grown in the year 1919
~. THE PRESERVATION OF PROVISIONS.
The science OF preserving meat, lard, butter,
cheese, and other animal as well as vegetable sub
stances used as food for man, has received very
little attention in this country This neglectcauses
a loss Of many millions every year. To say moth.
ing Of the butter at home, full onehalt OF all that Is
sent to and and other foreign Countries is sold
at half the price Of sweet butter, by reason OF the
| in, il act nd
mt up for market. American farmers have great
! advantages for the economical production OF beef
and pork mutton and wool and It will render them
A vaiuable service to obtain from Europe correct
information Of all discoveries and Improvements,
either in the growing and feeding OF domestic anil
mails or in the curing OF provisions
Y IMPROVEMENT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Few are aware how susceptible ofimprove ment
ia the living machinery which Celebrates HlRk for
nearly every family in the Union. There is a reli-
able account in this report Of dairy OF fory-one
| cows kent in the State of New York. which yields
500 in butter, cheese and milk, as the product Of
| each cow year. From the returns OF the last
State census, it is safe to say that llOO,OOO COWS
| are now MIXED in that State, which are supposed
| N Weld $50 per head. To improve these up TO an
average annual product of s3l EACH lthatis, to one
half what the best large diaries In the country now
viedl would add sl2. 900 TO the income OF the
citizeps OF a single State. This gain by the i'm
movement OF one kind OF rura machinery would Do
Equivalent to creating capital OF 5000, OeO and
placing the money where il would yield over per
cent interest in perpetuity. If the 30,OOo,ooo OF
sheep in the United States gave as good returns In
,ool for the food consumed, the best 100 900 now
do. il would add at least 6O,0O0,0OO pounds to the
annual clip Of this important staple.
Tn one Of his letters to Sir John Sinclair General
washington ssys in substance, that at the time he
entered the public service in the war Of the hevo.
luton, his flock about 1000 clipped five pounds OF
wool per fleece Seven years after, when ne re,
,urnea 20 his estate his flock had so degenerated
hat il gave an average Of only two and half
pounds per head, which was the common yield of
Virginia sheep then, as it is now.
Although the numerous importations of superior
sheen, cattle, horses and swine have greatly bene-
fted the country, it mus, be admitted that much
hss been lost by suffering improved animals to de
,er;ornte. Every wooLgrower should ponder well