New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1850-12-31

5000. few daring spirits were Just De-
ginning TO migrate from the older portions
of New England to Western New York
{. Holland Purchase and North Eastern
Ohio-an enterprise quite as arduous and
perilous as emigration hence to California
and Oregon now is.
In Europe, Napoleon had Just reached
the topmost round Of the ladder by over
throwing the Directory and causing himself
to be proclaimed First Consul, though he
was not crowned Emperor till 1904. He
had returned from his abortiye invasion Of
Egypt in 1899, bat the battle Of MarengO,
which made Italy a French province for
twelve years thereafter, was not fought till
June, 1900. The Austrian monarch was
still known as Emperor of Germany
Poland, after melancholy, ftful struggle
of twenty-five years against internal anar-
chy and the conspiracy of kings for her
destruction, had Just ceased to exist. Alex
ander had not yet assembled the throne of
Russia, his father Paul |. not being assassi-
mated till March, 1901. Pussia had pre-
served peace since the defeat of the Allied
invasion of France in 1892, her councils in
clining for or against Revolutionary France
as fortune smiled OF frowned, and so re-
NAMED until 1906, when she engaged Ma
poleon single handed and was utterly sub
dued in single brief campaign, commencing
with the double rout of Jena and Auers
berg and closing with the French armies
victorious on her Eastern frontier. This
completed the virtual conquest of all Ger
many by Napoleon, Austria having been
fully crushed by him in the battle of
Ansterlitz, Dec. 2, 1905.
Fifty years ago, George III. was in the
middle of his reign over the British En-
pire, with Pitt and Fox, the leaders of the
Tory and Wing parties, at the hight of
their lifelong struggle. They both died
suddenly six years afterward. Trafalgar
was vet unfought, but Nelson was already
idolized for his victories of Cape St. Vim
cent, Aboukir. &c. His attack on Copen-
hagen was not made till April, 1901.
All this Continent South and West as
well as north of the One Million square
miles belonging to the United States (since
increased to 3,25O.OOO) was claimed by
various European powers as their respec-
tive colonial possessions-all North OF Us
las now except vaguely defined and in
bospitable portion ofthe North West Coast,
belonging to Great Britain, while all South
and West of us was rGled by France and
Portugal except small portion Of the
Eastern coast of South America, lying be-
tween the mouths of the Orinoco and the
Amazon, which was shared by England,
France and Holland, and known as British,
French and Dutch Guiana, This small
! portion is still European, with most of the
islands known as West Indies. but no Span
ish or Portuguese flag now waves over any
portion of the Continent. Portuguese
America, peaceably separated from the
mother country, Low constitutes the En-
pire Of Brazil, and is governed by branch
Of the Portuguese royal house of Braganza;
while the vast region formerly constituting
Spanish America is now divided as follows:
Louisiana. Florida, Texas, New-Mexico
and Upper California have been acquired
nv the United States: while the residue
Of Mexico, Central America, Venezuela,
New Grenada. Quito, Peru, Chill, Buenos
Ayres and their appendages, have become
independent, and are striving, generally
with Indifferent success. to maintain Repub-
lican institutions, though with constant
tendency. created by ignorance, Incidence
and superstition, to degenerate into Mill
tarv despotisms. Such Buenos Ayres ap-
pears now to be. while Venezuela and Mex
leo have been frequently distracted by the
arts and arms of Military Chieftains. Cen
tral America has been torn to pieces blythe
general causes above recited, and now lies
PROSTATE and powerless. Mexico exhibits
unequivocal symptoms of decrepitude and
approaching dissolution. Upper Peru has
become separate Republic, now known
as Bolivia. The Spanish Presidency of
Quito is now the Republic of Ecuador
Paraguay and Uruguay have separated
from Buenos Ayres, and each is now indie
pendent, the latter known as the Oriental
Republic though its people are more com
monty known as Monte Videans.' from
their capital. The extreme Southern por-
ton of the Continent, known to Europeans