Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1850-08-01
ACRICUL
From the Magazine nf Useful Knowledge.
PRINCIPLES OF TlLLAGE.

extremity II the field, and ui d prnsnI VIII head tands,
iss had and soveny enc and ought 10 be every who're
expl,sird because under his practice. the head an
can only be- mperfcl,y worked. The cnt and ever
prscice is sill wor>e, a. Il leaves one halt AMI some
times tso-thirds pf The soil udisiubsd by he plough
We remember well, when followed the plough In
our h,, ho,d, and knew nahlsI Of the phd lphy Of
pleaching. aim 10 60 over much ground, and
show piaghe surface. regarding he complete break
ing up OF the sill Of mnut imp ftanc'. There
will slwsys he great many boss 81 the plough until tir
imp utaace ri ced panghng Is well understood. nod
leughinp CONSISTS in urniag and hreak ng every inch Of
IN. spl TO the required depth AID gmd tG7ge requires
that the harrow and ref shoad hnsh. # the pl ugh
has failed effect complete pulse'z alln. etoan
sward bncane puyeruen he ras OF The grasseS de
cay. and is hes without secpnd lurtw. because tbs
az lin the surface 10 the wasting influence 4 the
aud winds. the vegetable matters buried BY the fret
plaughig and which, # ef buri=j. would contribute
largely The snstenance ii the ctp. IA the rolts Of
the grasses decay iha becomes lbse and pnrus aud
IL permeabe 10 moisture. an and heat. Hence tba al
advantage of alaw crops naked talws. and oil de-
rsng seeds upon the top m clover ley; The sud hen
imp ris fertility l. the soil, while II enables II 10 derive
important advantages form The 60 operation Of external
agents.
t;Ad tlsge requires that. when pnctIcable as IN the
drilled and hood crops the surface soil should be KEEP
clean while the crop Is growing tnr the same REASON
hit the so is required male ~ before dcp1sug
the seed, viz fac tate the drclhp .sliin Of the veg
etsble food H. stimulate the organs II the plants, aud
the growth and product Of lhe crop There
better expedeu ur preventing the evils Of drought np1n
soil han that OF keeping the surface mellow aud eleaa
Amos, ,efir air. and dew always charged with the food
ofpIants, penetrate such surface into sponge aud
impar To the e plants both ameni and stimuli
Dews fall upon hard surface and ey,pomfed by the
hrs' rays # the morning sun bit they penetrate luose
surface, and o-ten and fucify ii. Hence the hlah
repne OF drill hushandty. VIII ch enables the culvatnr In
keep crops el an apd the surface OF his soil mellow
and open.
G@d ull'ge has reference to jpp.h as woas qnat,
OF nth. There are many plants, The ron's 4 which
found from fifteen twenty and even lhlny het
under the ground sanione and lnccrne Gr ins ance.
even red clover will sttke liuee feet # he soil he a
fee l,ah; aud ne nj our coannarsl vegetables in
he iflable or sandy push hef tap rofs 10 about the
dep h. The Of wheat vii penetrate as Tar
eight inches mo the earth; aud whom snwn IN the
crowns of ridges, they hive been found at the deph II
twelve. We may therefore assume the depth uf twelve
inches as The u'mst vege,atve limit Of wheat land Pro
vded The sri be open aud fertile, the its depth
approaches twelve inches the greater number uC plants
may il therefore be supposed capable # furnishing with
support" British I'uabdndry. vol II. PIP 40 80.
SOIL should he pouIhed as deep as the suh>tntnm
VIII admit, al least IN al crops If his can
be reached with the force Il an ordinary team; and when
The surface sn Is supe fetal, should b. dee pentd as
fast as fertility BE- impaired. by turning up at suta
bic inervals, PARTON of the subs ii. The amos.
phere mPar's to this apparent inert earth less Of
the elem mis- of felt lily.
We have good illustration of the advantages of ar
OF Baron Won Nnught, an eminent German argncun.
rslsis. who in few years Transformed tim, unpfuduc.
tive soil into great depth and fefltlny.
The means Of improving which the Baron instituted
u raise the cundiliun. aud increase the fertility Of this
farm consisted principally in
Deepening the krutne. soll til he had gained a
depth Of fourteen inches This depih being requisite in
his "plnon. fr the rots Of plants p4neate and
reservoir or moisture TO supply the crop In dry weather
In obtain this depth, trench ploughng frdyotD was
rts'rled T. when s,ary.
lhdici1ns I'll tiun--in which the prcen crops often
interviewed. The rniatl,n of SIX years. The
clover whlrh a he observed fnns the has uf agfcul
ture cannot return oiiener The intermediate crops ar
wheat, oas, MIXED fodder barley rye taloes, velc,s
gfap'' @c the climate Of Germany nj admitting the
culture Of Indan corn.
Jethrl fu and his disciples maintlned that the great
secret Of ndncing Gf'y consisted in mounly dividing
and pulserlzing the soil 10y culture.
The power of soils absorb water from air SAYS
DAVIS much connected vi fertility. Tins power
aepehdsin great measure upon the OF division of
us paris the divided they the greater helr alb
smoent Ppwer When This power is gtea'. the plant is
supplied with moisture in dry and the effect of
evaporation IN the day is coupteaeed BY the absorption
o aqueous vapors from the atmosphere. by the inferior
paris OF the SOL, durni The day. aud by both the
ana inferior during the ngh'.o
There are four prninen objects BIO effected by Ill
lsge. viz:
l. Io break up The entire surface stratum of soil
thereby t'render p'rme,le the agents Of yese able
haiiton and grow h. and the roots at plauts
give the greatest exposure OF surface 10 the
amellnra'ng Influence sf the atmosphere.
D. 10 induce pulverzation Of the soil, that seeds
may m're generally germnae and gov, and air and
moisture more fretiy circulate in II.
t. 10 desirny weeds aud foreign plants thai rob the
crop Of fod and choke growth
0ood husbandry lheetne, ecl ,ns that culmllerou'
and eguminous crops should follow each other
sion, except where grass is made 10 intervene aud il
matters little what crops selected from the Two elias
SIS. The gond judgmen, of the farmer may be here
erclsed TO determine which likely 10 be Ia him the
most advantageous. II may be proper two excep
'ons to this rule ludian may under certain
iingencss, be male follow snail grain crop 10 ad
sanisgs and oats may BE- sometimes sown as fallov
GRIP upon grass ley faow crop prec de whea
mTye. and TO supeI>ede naked fallow. Some SOILS il
rne, are better suited Ia kind Of crop than another
Tor instance carareuus cays and strung loans bet
Ter adapted TO wheat than slcious grsvrs ami sands
while the latter better fitted Indian corn iurnps
clover and other sproeJ plants than clays And whot
indian corn IS 10 succeed small grain we
mend the sowing Of cluver with the small grain crop
faf more than compensa'es T., The crop the expsns
81 seed and sowing. and gives wiihal. much auiumua
pasture. In other respects, such as the exhaustion o
the si, II is matter Of little interest with the farme
what crops Of each class are chosen 10 alternate wi
each her.
Farm stock seems necessarily to be embraced in In
system Of alternate husbandry. Cattle convert the bull
Ky products Of the farm into mea, butter, cheese. wool
&c These concentrated produces are carried 10 marke
at comparatively 'rifng expense. Cattle, which iurns
hay, and other oal litter Of the farm are necessary
Epen N lie farsii a..