The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-10-25
Physics and Metaphysics.


mon authority, and partial application Of the
common means of those States. They have
endeavored TO counterfeit this political iniu-
ence by constitutional construction, or by con
stitutional amendment. The State of Georgia,
on the other hand, has relied upon the develop
ment of her physical resources TO furnish the
means OF asserting her rights, and to relieve
ffrom the dependence upon the more pow
erful States which is alleged to exist In COZ
trasting the results of the two systems which
have filled South Carolina with Indignation,
and bestowed upon Georgia the proud appela-
ton of the Empire State of the South - ve
should do injustice, however. e we did not at
tribute the dsconteern, Of the one. and the pros-
Peii'y :. me other, 10 combination of causes
I which We shall endeavor to present.
The institutions Of South Carolina are less
Democratic than those OF most other States.
The right of suffrage is restricted to a freehold
qualification, and its exercise confined to elect
ing members of the Legislature that body
does every thing. II fills the military, civil, and
Judicial appointments 1t casts the electoral
vote of the State. Ii conducts the relations of
the State with the Federal Government The
physical and social condition of this State is
peculiar, and is favorable to preserving the as
tendency of the politicians and REFRESHING that
of the people. The lands of South Carolina
are described as presenting extremes of fer
tility and barrenness. The Low country sis
covered with forests Of pitch pine;" the ''soil
is unfit for cultivation" The aluvial lands
produce cotton, and the swamp lands, when
drained, constitute the rice plantations. The
Middle district, except upon the streams, is
''barren and scarcely fit for cultivation" The
Transmontane district is an elevated tabe-land
''healthy but generally fertile.'
! The employment of the population of South
Carolina in 1910 shows the following results, in
dcative, we think, of defective political sys-
TEN. Ofthe male population, about seventy five
per cent are employed in agriculture, about six
per cent. in commerce, about seven per cent in
manufactures, and about one and half per cent.
in the learned professions. There is thus large
proportion of the labor of this State employed
in the production of a single staple, upon
land naturally inferior, often utterly exhausted
by long course of culture The consumption
of the State is thus charged almost exclusively
upon its staple productions. With this staple
they must buy their supplies of merchandise,
Often of provisions, from the Northern and West
ern States.
| We do not choose TO resort TO the delusive
representations, in regard to the popular intelli-
gence of South Carolina to be derived from the
census, nor to argue that her limited appropra-
tons to primary education are insufficient to
establish high ratio of popular requirements
amongst the free white agricultural laborers
We infer the fact that there is little knowledge
amongst the class TO which we have referred
because there is little intercourse with others
because the motive to educate themselves
which invariably results from a division Of
labor, is totally wanting amongst community
exclusively agricultural.
We infer, then, that there is one class in
South Carolina which CONSTITUTES the political
relations and controls the political action of the
State; another that follows its patrimonial pur-
suit of planting, without dversifcation or i'm
provement and that the latter class under the
institutions of South Carolina, does not exercise
the same influence that a corresponding class of
population does elsewhere.
We propose TO state some facts, to prove that
the prosperity Of South Carolina had not in
creased for long term Of years. that this de-
cline was occasioned by the condition 10 which
we have referred, and to the competition of
fresher and more fertile States, and that the rea
tive diminution Of her population and of her
| productions is not referable 10 the expressions
Of the Federal Government, but to the mistaken
policy Of her statesmen and the impoverished
condition Of her soil. In proof Of this position
we shall cite the population and exports of
South Carolina, from the adoption of the Fede-
raj Constitution till the year 1912.
The exports Of South Carolina were, IN
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 1855, 26s
The exports Of South Carolina were, in
ls42 ............. I,525 I23
The exports Of Georgia were, in l7el... 49l $50
\ Do do. DO. 1872. 100000
| White Slare
| At the adoption Of the Federal Con-
stituGon in $780, the population
Of South Carolina was. .........l52, 900 lO7, 094
The population Of Georgia 53,320 29,26i
In 1890, South Carolina had gained 1872, 900 Dos 1867
In 1890, Georgia had gained. .24j,972 lss, 267
Ia 1910, South Carolina had gained. i,57G II ,637
In $780, Georgia had gained. .4l0,3Is 63,944
The population Of Charleston was, in 1910,
24,7ll-in 1920, 80 ,2s9-in 1910, 29,2ll.
The increase Of her exports after this period
is, we think, 10 be attributed to the railroad
communication which. with the assistance Of
Georgia, she has extended TO the west This
has not relieved the condition Of the smaller
cotton planters, which is much less prosperous
than that Of a corresponding class elsewhere.
At the same time we shall compare the popula-
ton and production Of Georgia during the same
period. This will demonstrate the superior
agricultural advantages Of a fresh country
with a popular system Of institutions, and
7 that division Of labor which commerce and
manufactures produce II will appear from
this comparison that these two States have ad-
yanced in a most unequal ratio in the acquisition
b 1 al the materials of rolitical norer Nc are