The Arkansas banner., 1850-01-08


 The qaes,ios oi th- continuance oa tue Sub Trea-
 safy system is respectfully suhmftrd se the wisdom
 ef Cohytss<. II soptgnaed. IRnOstsni mciilc Aloes of t appear to bs Indispensable
 For further dstAIls Ssa views ei fhs above. ssd
 other matters connected ~lib commerce tbe hsan-
 and revenues, fetsf 10 the report of the Ssere 1, taFy oi the Treasury.
 No direct zid has been given ty the general gov-
 ernnsIf 10 the sfevem@ris oT AgrieRi,ase exeept by the expenditure oi small sans fes ihe collection
 and publse aion oi agricultural statistics. aaa Ios
 some chemical anslsss, whica have betn thus la paid tor oai Of the PStrat fusd TAs. aid in ms
 onsion whciiy ina.les s,e o EiFa io ghis lea,iisg 1 b. anch et American F9h,4slSy he encouragement which ii merits. respectfully Fecnasia~na the
 tastlshsnsn, ot an grtcnfnTs R1reaa to b.
 ted with the Department q ths Interior To elevate
 the social cendltioa oI tt srcn aFst. to increase his prosperity and 10 suead his means of asslai- ness 10 his country ny multiplying hts oi tosmstion should be ihs study of every siatesasan
 and primary object oi every Legislature. No eiyli gsyeSnms Rt having been provided by
 Congress or California the people of a. terrlsers
 tmpeiIed hv tAs esSessi.sea poliitcAi condI
 iioH, recently net n eDoventfn for The purpose o
 forming constitution znd staie government, which
 tte latest sdyices gtse r-ason 10 suppose has been accomplished. and II ts believed 'sey will shortly apply for the admission of California into the
 Union as sovereign State. Shoald sach he The ease and should their Constitution be conform able to the reQaisons oi jhe Consultation ct the Uaiied States. recoesm-ah fheiJ application 10 the favor able consideration of Congress.
 The people oi New Mexico will aiso it is heliev- ed al DO very distant period present themselves fot admission into the Uaiop. Preparatory 10 The sd- mission of California and New Mex.co, the people oteach wiii have instituted for themselves Repub- ilcan form of goveunen nj laying is formaoE such principles, and organizing it's bowers In such terms as to tkem shall s-em most likely to effect their safety and happiness.
 Rv atxAtfin~ tnair all rausaa nfu 1 may he avoided. and confidence and kind feeling 1 established. With view of maintaining the hsr- mony and tranquility so dear to ali, shoald abstain from the introduction of those exciting iopies ot sectional character, which have hitherto pro- dgced raiaiul apprehensoas in the public miad and l repeat he solemn warning of the first and most illasirious of my predecessors, against nrnishtng any greand tor ciaraeterizIng parties by grOgraph 1 cal discIininalI ions.
 1 A Collector has been appointed a, San Francisco, utGer the act of Congress, extending The revenue laws over California, ami measures have been taken organize the Custom Houses that and the other points mentioned m that act, at fhe earliest perto practicable. The Collector pToreeded overland aad sdvice> have not yet been received of hs afrYal at San Francisco Meanwhile It IS understood that the customs have eoatInaed 10 be collected there by officers acting under the military authority, they were during tbe Administration of my predecessor. + will, think, be expedlent 10 eoRhrtn the coffee hoBs thus made and aIreciaihe ayaIls after such a
 owanees as Congress may thtHa 10 snthofze, to be expended within the Territory, or be paid into the Treasury lor the purpose Of meeting appropriations l for the improvement ot its rivers and bar bofs. 1 A party engaged on The Coast Survey vas dis. patched 10 Oregoa in January last. According -so the lates, adviees they had not ef Cahlofnis, and directions have been gwen to them that soon as they stall have fixed 0n tue sites ol the t.o hgh houses and the buoys authorized to be constructed shd placed n Oregon. to proceed. without deiay to make reconnaissance oi tte most important posns ot l the coast oi CahloTBIs, and especially 10 examine aud 10 deteFtniae on sites lor Ighi-hOuses thai coast, the spssdy erection of which IS urgently de- ] manded by our rapidly increasing commeIcs. l have transferred the Indian Agencies from Up- per Missouri and Council blats 10 Santa Fe and Salt Lake. and have caused 10 be appointed sub agents in the va4iies of Gia, the SserAnleat0 aud San Joaquin riTess. still father legal provisions wil b- necessary for the effective and successful
 stsnca af system of Indian intercourse over the i new territories.
 recommend the establishment of a Branch Mint l in California, as |, wis my opinion aord iinPor tant facilities 10 those engaged ln niaing. well as to the Government n the disposition Of the miG | eral lands. 1 | also recommend that Commissioners be organ ized by Congress 10 examine aud declde upon tGe validity ot the prescott suksistIng Iahd titles Ih CA 1 iioinia ahd New Mexico; and that provision be made for the establishment oI offices ot Surveyor | General iH New Mexco, California and Ofegoa and Tor u1s surveying Ad bflsis lnto H9asket The public lands iH those terTItortes. These latds mote in position and difficult ot access ought 10 De disposed oi terms liberal io all but especially l=- yorable 10 the early emgTaats.
 In ordsr that the situation and character of the principal mineral deposits in California may be 1 certained, recommend taaI geological aud Inia- 1 geological exploration be connected with the near surveys and that ih. mineral lands be divided into small lots suitable for mining and be disposed Of ny sale leass as 10 give cur citizens an 0ppoEtua l " of procuring permanent right of property iD ihe soil This would tO be as important to the success of mining as of agricultural pursuits The great mineral wealth ut California and the advantages which its ports aad harbors, and those ! of Oregon afford te Congress, especially with the 1 lslands of the fseinc and inGian Oeeans and the popnious regons ot Eastera Asia, make Il certain that there will arise iB few years large aud pros 1 porous communities Western Coasts. IL ] therefore becomes important that llns ol c0mmu- nieation, the best and expeditions, which the nature of the country will admit, should be open within the territory of the United States. from the 1 navigable waters of the Atlaatic or the Galf of l Mexico, 10 ths Pacinc O2iRioa, as solicited aud expressed by two large and respectable conventions |. lately assembled ai St Louis and Msmptas- eehts 10 Railroad Una, wheh, if psacticab.- ~nl best meet Ins wish and wants of the coantry.
 But while this, if in successful operation, would be work of great national ianportAnes, and of A value 10 the country which il would bs distcad to estimate, q oaght slso to he regarded under l taking of vast magnitude anu expense, aud One wbCn must If IL be indeed practicable. encounter many obstacles ia it's construction and There fore, to avoid iailare and disappointment 10 sHaose Congress 10 judge sAetheT n the eoiseitioa of ths ] eounHy through which it mighI pass, the work os feasible and If II b- so, whsthec it should bs under taken as national improvement. oT lett 10 the ia- dviduat enterprise. and ia the latter alternative what aid, II any, ought to De e1tenSed tO Il 3y the i Government. 4 saaa ae d sure careful reconnoisADcs Of theheyera proposed r0ates by scisatiiic eorps, and repoF. to the praetieab.iity of making sach road witaiu Iiulata of tha cs of it's construction anu support. For farther views these and other iaatisSs necte1 with t.ls dalies of the Homs Department, refer ysa to ihs report eE the Secretary st she in i terror
 recommend early expectations for coa:inaing ei River aad hzrbsr Improvements whseh hare been already begua. aaa sl.o for the construction of those for which estimates have been made, as well for examinations aad estimates preparatory