The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-08-27
Our New jersey Correspondence.
Geological s~d Typographical V,ew of Ntv Jersey
Second Dipisiow Continued.

HoNKsDALx, Aug IL, 1860
BY minute investigation of the secon larry forma.
ton of this State, find that at Springfield, where
the trap range is almost entirely broken the term
nation Of the Newark mountains occurs The
green stone ridges here, some Of which are of con-
siderable elevation, take nearly a south western
direction about seventeen miles. and extend into
the vicinity Of Boundbrook; thence they take
northwest course, for considerable distance, to a
point at Pluckemn, the second mountain taking
the curvature of the first Green stone, of the Sc
condary formation, is seldom found in lodges of
any magnitude; but it is exclusively the rock in
place of the summit and sides Of both ridges. Tho
base Of these hills, as usual is formed by the sand
stone, which 10 found and situated beneath the
greensboro, nearly horizontally, with an unimpor-
'ant dip. and frequently alternating with secon-
measuring from two inches to two feet in tho S.
Quite considerable quantities Of prehnite has bee
discovered near the foot Of this mountain in smyg-
daioid, with gree nstonc base, in state Of partial
decomposition. Ii is embedded in the rock, in CO.
lumns nearly parallel with each other, and iis
hbres radiate from the centre. Crystals Of quartz,
stilbite, zeoliie and carbonate Of lime, are found
at intervals in the valley between the two noun
tsins. Sulphae Of bsrytes il also found associated
with car Donate Vt lime.
There is a range Of mountains which extends in
south western direction from Springfield, which
loeists, in consequence of grey stone which has
been discovered in different places along its base;
but larger quantity Of greensboro occupies the
entire range, and which forms the summit rock of
all the other ranges in its vicinity. The general
direction of the primitive strata Is north west and
southeast, in the same course as the Highland
chain extends; but none Of the secondary ranges
OF New Jersey Pursuesa course parallel with the
primitive. An even and level surface is preserved
by the latter, in many places, for a number Of
miles, which assumes the appearance OF table
lands; but lofty eminences and elevations dot the
Highland ridges, which IL a characteristic OF the
begins in the immediate neighborhoed Of Pomp-
ton, and about half q mile from the High
lands, which extends In a semi circular curve,
until Il again connects with them, favors very
materially the above hypothesis The valley en-
circled BY the granite or more properly greensboro
ridge, and the Highlands, 10 composed Of fresh
wafer alluvion, and there Is rock, In place, In
many Of It's smaller hills: Between the sources Of
the rver and the Little Falls, excellent quality
at peat has been found in the valley. This plain
10 well calculated to yield abundance Of that
article, beng IN many places from three to four
miles IN width. Considerable quantities have also
been discovered near the Morrstown and Newark
turnpike. The bed Is from sir 10 eight feet deep
That broad and beautiful valley, commonly
Known as PomPton Plain, which u about twenty
hve miles In circumference, Is evidently composed
efentire fresh wster alluvion; STILL the hzbItants
IN digging wells, have frequently found strata Of
sand, gravel, and clay, without rocks in place.
tfom these indications II IL quite plain, or, Of least
very probable, that at some percd long ago, this
wbsle valley was lake OF considerable msgsitude.
The waters nom Long Pond, Pequannock, aad
the kamspo n,ers, find outlet through IT,
Much OF the plain ~ exceedingly marshy, en-
bracine about fifteen hundred acres 81 good peat
land. Granular srgillsceous OXIDE OF iron 10 found
here also, and occupies a space OF nearly two
hundred acres. The west and northwest boundary
of the plain 10 formed by the Highlands, which IN
other directions IL bordered by the PAcg.ssc
m 4 m n n m Faf1fr. fr.an
North Pompton 10 the vicinity Of Morristown,
eepeFstipR the wide alluvisl plains waered by the
fomp'on and Pssssic rivers" The summit roch,
IN place, upon this range, is observed 20 posscss
secondary, hne grained Rreenstons, which has the
appearance OF being in q state OF rapid decompo-
siiion. In such state, they form brautiful mural
pfecipiccs, IN some places, Of considerable ele-
Walton; and, at their sides and base, pretty good
quality OF sandstone IN also found In this range VI
mountain, the mine rslogist the lspldary ind
suficept interest TO sssusge hts curiosity, BY ex-
amining The large quantities VI zeoliie chalcedony
sRste, soslcimr, preni'c, amethyst, jaeger, crys
tails OF quartz, and veins Of satin spar. The agaes
are OF various sizes, from that of small gains Of
ssnd, 10 nearly two or three pounds IN weight,
nearly chalcedopy. In one or two instances, the
foruhcsiion, or eyed agate, has been discovered
here. Judge kinssy, ~ n said, upon Rood su-
thotity, Uncovered a mineral Of this hind, which
weighed nearly sixteen pounds, and which con
tanned sgste, white quartz, and amethyst
There " sn",her range % greensboro. but al
n less quantity and inferior quality, situated IN he
great valley under consideration, which takrs us
nee near Chatham, and runs w westerly dhScc-
lion for about ten mites, called Loag fili Ia this
ndee the rocks never sppesr iB piece. IA eouse-
quenee Of the trap being IN a state Of dsscmpo-
rit'on There are mural preciplce. near tee middle
OF the hill, composed Of n sou ~ ssseh rock,
sens what resembling the stone found On the
ksissn. This SECONDARY formation follows the
Wv hisbdsto the Delaware river Ii - pierced w
se,ersl broken ridges in many pl,cc-, hy the
fame 'rsp char ,cter which we have j1si described
The is the case With the N sshanic or Rocky
Mountain, ssit " sornrtimss lied the heights IN
the ,,einii, 81 Rocky Hill, " erherttown. Belmont
Lsnherville. ana Woodvils. Near Princeton, w
'hir mountain. the sandstone ditk r. quite mite
y ly ffos, hat found on the Pssssic Its rxten
ZION is marked IN nor dire elton as Tar as the
nIs' prm',,ye ndse, north o. Fleming on, sns