The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-06-20


Ihat great pripcipie on which our system Of free
government rests of dividing the powers of govern
meni mat to common government only those powers
should be granted which mus3 affect all the people
composing 1t equally in their operation. whilst all
powers over all interests local sectional should be
reserved TO local or sectional uprooted
from the constitution. Local and sectional interests
sbsorb the time and business of Congress, thus
sectional despotsm-totaly irresponsible to the people
Of the souh-sonstituted of the representatives in
Congress from he ssveholding
fe.lipgs condition, and institutions regns at wash
aud submission.
If we look into the nature of things such results
VIII not seem to be either strange There Is
/ but one condition in which people can be safe
when their interests are entirely identical Then the
dominant cannot oppress the subject people without
expressing themselves The identity of interest be-
tween them is the security of right government But
as his identity scarcely exist bet any
two people history bears but testimony as to tho
pled to minister to the prosperity and aggrandixe
ment of their masters If this has always been the
under the ordinary difference of interests and
feelings which exists between States how IN uch more
certainly must the experience of history be
Southern States. Here is a difference Of climate and
productions throughout territory stretching along
the whole belt OF the temperate zone, affecting the
pursuits and characters of tho people nhabiting it,
But the great difereneethe one great difference the
greatest which can exist among peope-is the usti-
tuition of slavery This alone sets apart southern
states peculiar people with whom independence
TO their internal policy the condition of their exist
ence. They must rule Themselves or perish Every
coiony in the world where African slavery existed,
[ DESTROYED IA
been the case under the cid and ete governments of
Europe will IL not prevail under the dominion of the
restless people Of the Northern States, They do
practically recognise the inferory Of the African to
the Caucasian race They do not realize because the
circumstances OF their condition do compel them
70 rsalze the inpossibility OF an amagamation be-
tween the Exempt from the nstit ution Of sa-
very is not surprising that their sympathies should
be against us, whilst the dogma which they profess
to build their system Of free government-the abso-
lutte rule of the msjorty-leaves no barrier to their
power in the affairs Of the general government and
leads them to its coneolidaton Religion too false or
real, fires their enthusiasm against institution
which many Of it's professors believe to be
with its principles and precepts. To expect forbear-
spce from such people, under such circumstances
II they have been the compact made with us In
the constitution, and have allowed passion and preju-
frailty and fallibity Of our nature which h,s nro
duccd the necessity Of all governments and which if
unchecked ever produces wrong. The institution of
slavery having entered tho popular mind Of the
nslavoholdipg States for action ard control tho
rest is Inevitable II unrestrained by us they will go
on until African slavery will be swept from the broad
and fertile South. The nature Of things, therefore,
Independent Of experience teaches that there can
be no safety in submission.
To submit to evils, however great whilst they are
endurabe is the disposition OF every people-esps-
caly OF an agricultural people living apart, and hav
ing no askoeiation in their pursuits But the respon-
sibility OF preserypg free government with all
its members whatever may be their pursuits and not
ale ne with those who have the will to destroy
it. minority, by submission, may as much betray
the eonstitution as a majority, by aggression. The
conttution does OF protect ajority for they have
Gil the powers Of the government in their own hands,
and can protect themselves The limitations Of con-
stnton designed to protect the minority those
who lave power, against those who have IT, Hence
the great motive and duty OF self peculiar
to n IL ority mt of that faith 10 the con.ti
tuition, which they owe in common with the majority.
They must protect themselves and protect the cons
tuition and II they fail in this double duty they at
least as cupabe those who In aggresing upon their
rights, overthrow the constitution ANA the pupnc
opinion of the world s In conformity with these views
The oppressor hated but the resspgly oppressed
despsed. More respect follows the tyrant ths the
slave who submits to his power. The Southern States
n nj eNe m rOul
the responsibility OF preserving the constitution and
In preserving 1t, to protect themselves
In what way shall they preserve the constitution
and prote ct themselves
As general rule il is undoubtedly true that when
In government like ours, constitution is violated
by ma iority-who alone violate IL In Of
ifgslation-it cannot be restored TO its Integrity
through the ordinary means of the government TO
these nt ans being under the control ~ the majority
are not available TO the minority 1t Is for this
that frequent elections Of rulers take plsce In
systs of free government In order that the people,
by their direct Intervention may change the majority,
But resource cannot avail in the violations OF
the constit ution. which press and harrass the
South. by changing their representatives, ho~ can
the people of the South affect the majority in Con-
pre,s and restore the Constitution Their represcn-
tatives are true and have done ell that do
TO preserve the constitution from the aggressons Of
the majority Removing them and putting other re-
presenlaives In Congress could have no effect In re-
rrprrsrntaiyes Of the people of The Northern states
who sustain the m In their violations OF the consttu-
ticn 1t Is clear that the bsllotbox Ia the South is
pow, rless for its protection. And tho causes
which induced the violations OF tho constitution by
the northern majority prevent its restoration to In
tcgrhy. Throughout the Northern states, there has
been no indication OF any change In their policy. On
the contrary the majority against the South greater
In the present Congress than in the last following tn
uual Of every successive election for years past
Nor have IN the action Of the States any proof
ofs returning ofjustce to u.s. Of tor
the constitution. Several Of them lest false infe-
rences might be drawn to their potion have taken
care lstely TO rccrate in the most offensive forms
their former declarations against our rights and when
great Senator representing one Of them anxious tor
the perpetuaion OF the Union, has ventured to adyo
L N. he IA beer
rebuked by the legislature Of the State he represents
and virtually Denounced for his fidelity TO the con,
operation ofShe nstituion Il Of avail And how
with The present Congress the only other source
tion! Fer six months II has been In session, and
during this whole period Of time slavery has been the
thing has been done to heal the dseontens which so
Justly exist in the South restore breeding consti
tuition. An We have received has been bitter denun-
citations a our Institutions, by many mbcrs OF Con-
grsss and threats TO coerce into submission Al
though nothing has been done, report has been made
in the Senate BY a COMMITTEES Of thirteen members,
which Is now pending In that body and. "a the
mestures proposes have been presed upon the South
worthy OF her We deem IL proper to lay
before you brie CONFEDERATION Of the matters IL con-
This report embraces four distinct measures list,
the admission of California State. with the exclu
zion Of slavery In her constitution % territorial GO
vernmenis TO be erected the territori,s of Utah
aud New Mexico with nearly halt Of Texas to be
added 10 the latter Sd the prohibition Of the slave
trade In the District of Columbis and 4h provisions
for the recaPture Of fugitive slaves In the nontlav-
holding states. To understand whether these measures
are consstent with our riehts, and worty Of
cep,ance. each of ID, must be considered separately
The South ls excluded by the bill from the whole Of
that part Of Caornia lying the Pacific including
one hundred and hfy thousand square miles Of terri
tory and fthis s done by the legislation Of
the mode in which 10 Il done IL OF no importance.
California belongs 20 the United States md all action
ty the individuals In that territory whether from the
United States from the rest a the world appropri.
atirr the soil TO Themselves, erecting government
over II, Il a no validity They constitute people in
proper of the term; but citizens Of the
t4ta 0rf frrr wbf fhav Law
20 which they tll owe their allegiance when there
fore Can attempts 10 carry out and confirm the
acts Of those individuals, erecting California into
State and excluding slavery therefrom t s the
thing n Congress had originally passed law 20 this
eject, without the Intervention Of these ndi Fiduals.
The exclusion o. slavery from California is done by the
act Of Congress, and by no other authority The
stitution Of California becomes the act of Congress-
and the Wilnot proviso II contains IL the Wmot pro-
vio passed nd enforced by the leei Of Congress
Here then Ia that exclusion from this territory by the