The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-04-01

color its waters 80 deeply as TO give il a name
smnbg lhose who tirsl discovered and have since
v's,ts lis shores The probability. therefore, u.s.
thst this river hows through All alnv,al valley at
greet fertility. which has never been explored.
1his Genie ciure is sSenp then~d by the fact that
the Indians who inhablt IL are hostile. and
oppose, a. far MS they can, all persons who attempt
Ia tLtrT explore il. This has bee their unlisrm
tooIse ct cnDduct respecting all portions OF the
ccptint NJ which have been fertile, abou0ding In
game ana the spontaneous productions Ut the
earIh.
As this valley ia si,uated 10 the direct route from
Santa re To California, lis thorough exploration
becomes matter ot very great importance, espe-
cay as y Is h,phl, probable that the elevated re-.
slons Ia The north 81 It, covered with SEQ during
mott OF the ear, will force the line OF the great
rational railway to The Pacific through some por-
non ot IT,
The soil have described, situated west of the
S'tiIa Nevada, uDd embracing the PLAN at the
Sacrantp mo and San Joaquin, covers an area, as
nearly as can esflmai-, at between tity aud sixty
thousa and tqusre miles, and would, under a pros-r
sysitm at cultivation, he Capable of supporting a
population equal TO that Of Ohio or New York al
The present Time.
PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA.
Previous toihe treaty ofpeace with Mexico, and
The discovery Of gold the exporisble products Of
ihe country consisted almost exclusively ut hides
and alow. The Cal,fOrD,ass were a pastoral
pc OIle, and PAID much more attention to the
sing of horses and cattle than the cultivation Of
the coil.
Wheat, barley, maze, beape, and edible roots
were duuvar. IN sufiicien, quantity for home con-
SUMPTION, but, Ms lar as | AN Informed, not for
.Aporstion. AT that time full grown OK. steer,
or cCw was worth about two dollars. Beef cattle,
delivered on The navig gable waters Of the bay Of
san Francisco, nre now worth from go TO $50 per
head; horses, formerly worth tom 50 To $40, are
now valued al $40 to $50 The destruction of
cattle Tor their hides and tallow has now eotirev
ceased, IN consequence of the demand for beef
This demand Will course increase with the pepu-
lauoD; and II would I'm that, IN very lew years.
there will be none 10 supply the market.
II we estimate the number of cattle now in Cali
foTDia at tC0,0C0 head, which 10 believed 10 be
stoui the nunbtr-snd the population AT 10 900,
for The year lSJ0-a low estimate-and suppose II
10 increase one hundred thousand per annum,
there will be IN the territory or State, in 1851, five
hundred end twenty thousand people
II we ADOPT the estimate OF those well acquainted
with The demand, OF half beef, on an average, to
each inhabitapt. 1t APPEARS there will be con-
llO,tC0; in 1882 Of 10000; IN 1858, of 2l0 900; in
Ie54, of 100000, making an aggregate Ut 800 0O0,
which would absorb all The pre- sent stock, with Its
natural increase.
with the amount at supply which that country will
ultimately require. from the Allsniic States Of the
Union. There is no Other country on earth which
has, or will ever possess, The means OF supplying
80 gle at II demand.
Ii is now n we'll estabsh he'd fact among the emf
grants to Californla,l that oxen possess greater
powers Of endurance Than mules or horses; that
they will peIiO,m the distance with loaded wagons
IN les time, and come in at the end Of the journey
in better condition.
Cows are now driven in considerable numbers
from Missouri, and the time cannot be tar distant
when cattle from the Western States will be driven
Annually by tens vi thousands TO supply this new
market
II California increases IN population as fast as
the most mocerste estimate would lead US tn be-
nve, II will not be five years before she will
quiIe more than ore hundred thousand head of
beet cattle yer um, from some quarter, to supply
the wants OF her pe ople.
1t must not be supposed that salt provisions may
supply this vast demand. Those who have at
tempted to live on such food. during the dry sea-
son, have been attacked with scurvy and other
cutaBt Gus disease OF which many have died.
There IL DO CLIMATE IN the world where fresh
meat and vegetables are more essential to human
health. ia tact they are indispensable.
IL must not be inferred that cattle driven across
he plains aud mountains, from the western States,
will be til Tor beet on their arrival IN California
But one winter and spnng on the luxurant pastures
d that county will put them III a condition which
would render them acceptable in any Atlantic
market.
These grazing grounds are extensive enough to
support five tines many cattle may be annu-
ally required; therefore, there will be no scarcity
81 food fer them.
l am acquainted with drover who left Cal,for-
MIA IN d. cenber lnst, with the INTENTION OF bringing
In ten thousand sheep from New Mexico. This
shows that the f-cks snd herds, east of the Rocky
are looked to already as the source
rom " lch the markets ON the Pdcihc are to be
supplied.
The climate and eoll Of California are well suited
10 the grow OF wht al, barley, rye and oats The
tempe ratue along the coast too cool Tor the sue
cessiul culture Of maze, ne field crop. The Tact
hat oats, the species which Is cultivated IN the
Atlantic States, are annually set.sowed and pro.
duced IN all The plains and HI Is along the coast aud
~ far inland the sea breeze has marked Iniil-
a. L. r u -
cereal grams may he succe ssf1y cultivated with
put The ard Of irrigation.
Ii Is quite true that this auxiliary was extensively
employed at the missions, ma undoubtedly increas-
I'd the product OF all crops To which u was applied,
ss u will 10 any country On earth N skfuly used.
] he does not prove, however, that II was essen
TALLY ssary 10 the production of an ample
wbid 10 the husbandmap The experience ut all
The old Inhabitants Is sufficient evidence OF this.
II ibeir imperfect mode at culture secured salts
more IeI,c CT system would produce much greater
r.sulis. Tbefe H. abut dant evidence To- prove
that, ~ the rich alluvisl valleys, wheat and barley
have pre- tuctd from forty 10 sixty bushels, from
ere bDshrl Ut seed, without irrigation.
lush Ioisto.s, iurnIps, onions. In fact all the
edible roots known and cultivated in the Atlantic
SIates, are produced IN great perfection. la all
The valleys east ~ the coat range OF hills, the CHI
mate ~ sufficisDty warm 10 mature crops OF In
dan corn, nee, and probably tobacco.
The cultivation at the grape has attracted mueh
att, rioD NJ the missions, amoog the residents Of
!, wns, and the rural population, and BEEN attended
win much success, wherever II has been at
I, mpt,d. The cry reason secures the fruit from
lho,c dissas's which ale 80 fatal m the Atlantic
States, and II utisins very great perfection.
The vme made from II rs of excellent quality,
!. " palsisbe, and can be produced 10 any guam.
ivy. The grapes are delicious, and produced
with very little labor. When taken from the
siDes in bur ches, and SUSPENDED In a dry room,
BY ihr stems, they become partially dry, retain
her flavor. and remain several weeks, perhaps
months, without decay.
Al ples, pears, and peaches are cultivated with
scilIiy. and there reason "a doubt that all the
ruits q the Atlantic States can be produced in
7reet plenty and perfection.
The grasses are very luxuri,nt and nutritious,
n, riding excellent pasture. The oats, winch spring
% the whole length Of the seacoss. and from forty
sixty miles inland render the cultivation OF that
,rop entirely unnecessary. and yield a very great
,usntiiy 81 nutritious food for horses, cattle, and
'heep. The dry season natures. and, may say,
cures thss> grasses andosis, NC tina, they remain in
In eAcsl eat state ct preservation during the sum
ner and autumn, and shord an ample supply Of
orsge. While the whole surface OF the country