New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1850-04-16
SCIENCE.
,n,,re,,ipg scieotiGc intelligence Nc XII
r...asd fnr The T ieure rom NE Latesl Source.

- 4
p1J,rs-NVe find 10 a late number 81 the Lon
don Artisan paper on the Means OF f'e.e"'.
the Corrosion o. Steam Boilers " go ~
uriter proposes 70 effect his ohscI y sPPytts
over the whole OF the inside o. me ppue 5 -,
-, oCyarnish Of such nature thatlt shou'u o'S'
ga VI &c ~ the re gular trans mission OF neat
- % the water while at the same time
I'm W ,naaec.ed b. the high temperature 10
-,,I,;cL II must be exposed. Tie means P'olOSou
CO.. Iris nuruose are very smplc-oelDS he'oiJ !"
amir small quantity oil Goa TAR IN tne "H'e', -"
noediatey before the steam IL 40 lut 10 DC bo' up
This substance possesses the singular P''pII =,
-,hen thrown into boiling water. OF parting WIN us
vnIste mort, ops and dilIsing the remainder OF us
snhstanra az a hard insolGble pitch, over al tne
;r,ar;or Of the vesse--efectueily preventing sui
Gc;antlv close contact between the water anu TIC
80 w allow Of chemical action, while 1t s 80 su-
necal az not TO i'm pair the efficiency OF the boiler
by lessenng the conducting power OF "s surface
The Present state Of Electro Teisgr0Pt'c Com
n,vn,cation IN England, Prussia and Amcr9c"''-
Among the late proceedings OF the Dr''ish ]s'O
cation for the Advancement OF Science as we
- 49, ,he Iondon Atbuneum Mr. WHlsHAw
communicated a variety OF Interesting facts re-
noc,;ng the three great systems OF Electro Ieie
granhs now in operation In England, ffussa ana
America. and the advantages and disadvantages
of Zach In England, he says, the wires beng
susoended from post TO post along the sides OF rat
trimming of trains oil the lines, BY which tho posts
and wires are all carried away together and thus
the communication is stopped. Secondly, from at
mospheric Influences whereby irregular and IN
certain defexions OF the needles IN COOKE ana
Wheatstones telegraphic instruments take place.
beside occasional declination TO parts OF the nstfu
ments, &c. Thirdly, from snow storms az IN the
case OF the South Eastern telegraph, which occur
red during the last Winter. When the wires aud
posts were all removed, aud considerable intenup-
ton was caused in the TRANSMISSION OF communlca-
tons FOurthly, from damage by malicious per
sons who sometimes twist the wires together, ana
for whose apprehension rewards have frequently
been offered by the English companies. Flithly,
the wires have sometimes been connected together
by a fine wire nicely solderedto the llne wires and
thus the communications have been diverted from
their right channel. Sixthly, the expense, VIZ
$50 a mile, for the above ground system with an
annual expenditure for repairs. scventh'y, and
consequently, heavy charges tor the transmission
OF messages. Egithly, the time required IN learn
INK perfectly the msnpulatOns OF the needle tele'
graph so that If tregraphlst is from any cause
disabled there is no at band 10 take hrs place.
The extent OF TtIeeraphs IN Great Britain a. pre-
sept is about 1000 miles; and there Vet remain
railways 10 an equal extent without Ielegrapbs.
Mr.. Whishaw expressed hope that within short
time every principal town IN The ngGom would
he connected by Telegraph, as the under ground
system nav be effected without the md RAILWAYS
VIZ under turnpike roads and towing paths, &c
This plsn has been practically carried out IN ffus'
sin where at the present time, there are Jly Oer-
nan miles ,492.92 English miles, IN actual opera
ton A single wire, coated with gutta percha' Is
laid Under tie r0irdY, at depth OF two ieet' aud
connected with the instruments ana batteries at
the different stations. A colloquial aud also
nrinting telegraph are used in each principal STA
tion-both worked Us required, by the single wire.
The experiment as TO bury ing the gutia percha
wire in the ground was cosumenced some years
ago. and being found to answer perfectly, the Grus-
sian Telegraph Commissioner appointed IN Ie44
determined on adopting the Underground plan en-
tirely for the Government teeeraphs, ana "h'ch
were commenced in July, 1919, 50 that no time has
been lost in carrying them out. At Oderoay, the
Prussian system is, IN connection win the telegraph
line now in course OF construction between lhat
place and Trieste. via Vienna ana, rs resarus lhe
Prussian Government Telegraphs the public has
the advantage Il them by pay ment OF eertain hxed
rates The cost Of the Prussian system is under
$40 n mile. The American system, continued
Mr. Whishawl is remark abe for the great extent
10 which it is already carried VIZ; lO,5ll miles,
costing less than t2U mile. But, from The actual
operations of the three stems, II appears that the
Prussian is The most simie effective, and econom-
CalfOr annual repairs are not required 10 the me
wires as in the cases OF Englend and America,
where they are exposed to so many casualties.
~ 4 NtFVOWCtltt
London, has recen,y published an account Of a
superior Thermomeiric Scale invented by himself
The prominent feature of this plan is, that no neg
0ticc degrees are HeceSsGTy-excepti Tor some chem
zeal purposes and ext aordnary arctic tcmpera-
lures Mr.. Drsch proceeds to demonstrate his
theory in the following manner Having lately
had occasion to advert to the superior practical
utility OF Fahrenhoirs thermometrlc scale. as not
ordinarily requiring decimal divisions and negative
degrees like its congeners. IL occurred to me that
superior scale wss feasible by dividing the dist
nee from 400 Fah,. unto the boiling point x2l2'
Fair (lO0' CentigTade, or So Reaumur,l Into one
thousand degrees placing zero at the temperature
first named. Thus of the new degrees pro
posed by Mr.. Drach would equal o.. 252 Fair %.
l40 Cent? he Resum. And thus negative de.
grees are chiefly dispensed with. Ten years
since Mr.. Drach published q tract showing that the
idea of an absolute degree OF cold expresslb!e by
thermometer involved some iallacy The CON
clusion therein arrived at, and now sustained by
him, is that every substance has its own minimum
Temperature for maximum density, above or be
low which 1t expands Just as water or each sido
of 800 Fair the latter fluid having the hon
share Of this peculiarly, just as magnetism Is or
dinarily visible in lron above al other metals, re-
sembling in some sort the electric affinity 50 com
mon IN chemical combinations.
Temperature Of the Year lsie.-A valuable and
interesting paper the Meteorological Observa
tons OF the past year. 10 communicated 10 the
March number of S,lhmans Journal by Dr.. S. p
HILpRETH. The record from which he quotes was
kept during the year at Marietta, Ohio, and en-
bod variety Of important results re- pectiug the
climate Of the West and the general temper ature
of the year. The amount OF Ram and melted
Snow was torty.two inches snd eighty nine hun
tredths being owe. an inch less than in ls4s snt
ten inches less than in 1877. Throughout The pas
year, the rain has been very equally distributed
afording an abundant supply for the crops gener
ally although in July come localities suffered iron
drouth The year has been marked BY no gre.
excuses IN temperature. The mean was nifty. 'w'
degrees and nine huudredths (52 0sl-bens SEINE
what below the average tempe sture Tor the reSioi
Of Marietta; which was occaslohed by the 'oV
grade Of the Summer months. This goes To prove
however, that the mean beat for this local ~ he'
between So and 81 Fabr. The cid III Januar,