The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 184?-1851, 1850-08-14

puBs-la o. h.! ..fa 4.e -..- - f--A'-O, ons
= bC.yse ne i1,G as--s lH The ca. g--, ol
iba! vss, bo,a California AID New Mexico
( %ere eenqusIod by tie arms OF tne Ca!lea
RI SAFES Al the taie Of the treaty OF peace.
By Iibt treaty the title by conquest was
! confirmed, and these territories, provinces OF
departments, separared from Mexico forever
aud by the same treaty certain important
rights and securities we're Guaranteed 10 the
inhabitants residing therein.
! By the fifth article Of the treaty It is &C.
cleared. that
"Fhe boundary line between the two re
lpuolics shall commence in the Gulf OF Mexico,
three leagues from land, opposite the mouth
luC the Rio Grande, otherwise called the hlo
Bravo del Norte. or opposite the mouth Of its
deepest branch, emplyng directly into the
sea; from thence up the middle OF that river,
following the deepest channel where it has
mole than one, to the point where il strikes
the Southern boundary Of New Mexico,
(which runs North ofthe town called Pdso,)
to its western termination; thence Northward
along the Western line OF New Mexico, until
liz intersecIs the first branch CT that river,
then 10 The point on said line nearest to such
branch, and thence in a direct line to the
same,) thence down the piddla of the said
branch and of The sad liver, until it empies
inIo the Rio Colorado, following The division
inc between Upper and Lower California 10
the Pac fc Ocean"
The eighth article Of the treaty is in the
following terms:
"Mcxcans now established in territories
previously belonging TO Mexico, and which
remain for the future within the limits Of the
United States, as defined by the present trea,
~, shall be free TO continue where they now
reside, Of 10 remove at any lime to lhe Mex
ican Republic, retaining the property which
they possess in the said territories, or dispo'
sing thereof, and removing the proceeds
wherever they please, without their being
r subjected, on this account, TO any contrlbu.
ton, TAX, or charge whatever.
"Those who shall prefer to remain in the
said territories may either retain the title
and rights of Mexican citizens, or acquire
hose Of citizens Of The United States. Bu
they shall be under the obligation TO make
their election within one year Of the date o.
the exchange Qualification of this treaty anC
those who shall remain in the said territories
, after the expiration Of that year, without
having declared their intention 10 retain the
character OF Mexlcans. shall be considered
10 have elected 10 become citizens OF the Uni
ted Sl2tes.
"ln the said territories, property Of every
kind now belonging to MeXicans not eslab-
Iished there shall be inv'elably respected
I The present owners, the heirs OF these, and
all Mexicans who may hereafter acquire said
property by contract, shall enjoy with respect
10 ii guarantees equally ample as # the same
belonged 10 citizens Of the United States.'
The ninth article in this treaty is in these
words.
The Mexicans who, in the territories
aforesaid, shall not preserve the character
of citizen Of the Mexican Republic, conlora
mabIy with what is stipulated in the precc-
ding article, shall be incorporated into the
;, Union Of the United States and be admitted
at the proper time, ito be judged Of by lhe
Congress Of the United Stales) 10 the enjoy
ment of all The rights OF citizens of the Uni
ted States, according to the principles Of the
Constitution; and in The meantime shall be
maintained and protected fn the free enjoy.
ment flheir liberty and property, and Sc.
cured in he free exercise Of their religion,
without restriction"
lis plain therefore, on The face of these
treaty spulaIions, that all Mexicans estab~
lished in territories North or East of the line
Of demarcalion already mentioned, come
within the protection OF the ninth article; and
that the treaty, being part of the Supreme
law of the land, does extend over all such
Mexlcans, and assures to them perfect secu
jrity in the lIee enjoyment Of their liberty and
property, as well us in The free exercise Of
their religion; and this supreme law of the
land being thus in actual force over Ibis ter
ritory, is to be maintained until it shall be
displaced or superseded by oiher legal pro
visions; and if it be obstructed or resisted by
combinations too powerful 10 be suppressed
| by the civil authority, tho case is one which
comes within the provisions of law, and which
obIiges the President to enforce these pro.
visions. Neither the Constitution or the
laws, nor my duty or my oath of office, leave
me any alternative, or any choice in my mode
Of action.
Tho Executive Government OF the United
States has no power or authority 10 determine
what was tho true line of boundary between
Mexico and the United States before the
treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, nor has IT any
power now, since the question has become
question between the State OF Texas may be
necessary, or by some appropriate mode of
legal adjudication; but in the meantime if
disturbances or collisions arise, or should be
Threatened, II is absolutely incumbent on the
Executive Government, however painful the
duty, 10 take care that the laws be faithfully
mainI aine and he can regard only The &C,
tual stale OF things as II existed al the date
OF the treaty, aud Is bound 10 protect all
inhabitants who were then established, and
who now ren.ail North and East of the line
! OF demarcation, in The full enjoyment ofIheir
liberty and property, according to the pros
visions of the 9th article Of the treaty; in other
words, all must be now regarded as New
Mexico which was possessed and occupied as
New Mexico by ciiizens Of of Mexico nj the
date Of the treaty, until defnate line of
boundary shall be established by competent
authority. This assertion Of duty 10 protect
The people ofNew Mexico from threatened
violence or from seizure, 10 he carried into
Texas for trial Tor alleged offences against
Texan laws, does not at all include any claim
Of power on The part Of the Executive to es-
taolish any civil or military government with
in that territory. That power belongs ex.
clusiyely to 'he legisIa,iAe department, and
Congress is the sole Judge Of tie time and