The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1850-06-19

Was 70 pecoin8 ,rge n emancipation The men of
thst day we're not enthusiasts or fanatics; they W.T.
statesmen and phiiosophers ihey ,',eTe nnes
Emancipation OF the black slavewas not lieIe
don bctween master and slave-pot u quNeH,tp,i "
property merely--but question OF VIM. anu DiNN
between races and what was 70 20 ~
uuence 10 each race from large emancipation
And there the wisdom, not the phllahulroPy,o i
Virginia baked fifty years ago. tnsIe 'ue wisuo
of America balks now. Ana mere ii'iu Wv "a 90:
Injection 10 the extension OF slaVery-to planting
Il, nev reodons where il does not now exlst-be-
slowing il on those who have II not. The lncura-
biiy Of the evil is the greatest obJecuon 10 the cx-
tension of slavery. IL ~ wrong Tor the legislator 10
,nhict n evil whichca be cured how much more
10 inic that is incurabc, ana against the VIII
of the people who 10 endure II forever. quar-
rel with no one for supposing slavery blessing;
deem il an evil; and would neither adopt II nor I'M
pose il on others. Yet ] ain stakeholder, and
among the few members OF Congress who hold
slaves in this District The French proverb tells
us that nothing is new but what has been forgotten.
So OF this objection 10 large emancipation. Every
now that il is question OF races, involving
consequences which go 10 the destruction OF one or
the other; il was seen fifty years ago. and the WIS
dom OF Virginia baked at II then IL seems 10 DC
above human wisdom. But there Is wisdom above
human, and To that we must look; III the mean
time, not extend the evil.
In refusing to extend slavery into these seventy
thousand square miles, act IN conformity not only
Ia my own long established principles, but also in
conformity to The long established practice of Con-
gress. Five times in four years did Congress re-
Iuse the pra yer of Indiana for temporary suspen-
sion oi the anti slavery clause OF the ordinance OF
81 On the "a of March, 1903, MIR. Randolph, of
Roanoke, chairman OF the committee 10 which
the memorial praying the suspension referred,
made report against IL, which WAS concurred in
by the House This is the report
=" That the rapid population OF the State Of Ohio
sufficiently evlnccs, IN the opinion OF your com
Inilec, that the labor of slaves Is not necessary
promote the growth and settlement OF colonies in
that region. That this labor, demonsirably the
dearest of any, can only be employed to advantage
in the cultivation OF products more valuable than
any known 10 that quarter Of the United States; that
the committee deem ii highly dangerous and mex
pedent To impair i provision wisely calculated to
promote the happiness and prosperity OF the north
western country, and To give strength and SECURITY
that extensive frontier In the salutary opera.
ton OF this sagacious and benevolent restraint il is
believed that the inhabitants Of Indiana will, at no
very distant day, find ample remuneration for
temporary privaton of labor and of emigration
This report OF Mr. Randolph was in 1903 the
next year March, lS0i-a different report, the
same prayer, was made by a committee of which
Mr. Rodney, OF Delaware, was chairman. Ii re-
commended suspension of the anti slavery clause
for ten years IL was not concurred in by the
House. Two years afterwards February, 1906
"A similar report, recommending suspension for ten
years, was made by committee OF which MIR. Car
nett, of Virginia, chairman il met the same
fate non-concurrencc. The next year, 1877, both
Houses were tried. In February of that year, a
committee Of the House, of which Mr.. Parke was
chairman, reported in favor of the indefinite
pension OF the clause the report not conc urred
in. And in November of that year, Mr. Franklin
of North Carolina, as chairman of the committee OF
the Senate made report against the suspension,
whch was concurred in by the Senate, and unani-
mously, as it would seem from the Journal there
being division called for. Thus, five times in
four years, the respective Houses of Congress re-
fused 10 admit even temporary extension, or
rather extension o slavery INTO Indiana territory,
which had been before the ordinance OF 'S7 slave
territory, holding many slaves at fincennes These
five reiusals TO suspend the ordinance of ST were
many combinations of it. All the rest Of the
ton of Congress on the subject to the eff
feet, or stronger. The Missouri compromise line
curtailment of slave territory the Texas an
nexation resolutions were the same the ordinance
OF ~ itself, go often confirmed 10y Congress, a
curtailment of slave tcrritory-in fact, its actual
abolition; Tor II Is certain that slavery existed in
fact in the French settlements of the Illinois at that
time, and that the ordinance terminated il. act,
then, IN conformity To the long, uniformly estab-
llshed policy of Congress, well as in conformity
To my own principles, in refusing 10 vote the
extension of slavery, which tho committees line
would involve.
And here, il does seem to me- that We Of the pres
ent day, mistake the point of the true objection TO
the extension Of slavery We look at il as il con-
Germs the rights interests of the inhabitants of
the States, and not as II may concern the people to
whom II Is To be given, and TO whom it s to be
irreyocable gift-to them, and posterity. Mr.. Ran
dophs report, in the case Of Indiana took the true
ground. II looked TO the interest of the people
whom slavery was 10 go, and refused them an evil,
although they begged for it.
territory which the committees line would transfer
from the possession OF New Mexico the possession
of Iexas-and the question Of the extension Of sla-
very which grows out of that transfer. There is
no slavery ON il now, either in law or in fact. IL
will be there by law If the transfer Is made. This
leaves open but question, and that IL, eli
mate be relied upon To keep II away? think not.
There are two climates IN New Mexico-one frigid.
the other temperate; aud thcse 10000 square mile-
are in the temperate part. IL il a long province,
stretching north and south, high and mountainous
IN the north-lower, and with broader valley lower
down. Santa Re has an elevation Of $50 feet, FL
Paso $500. The Rio del Norte il called in the Up
per part fits the river above, (Ro Arriva)
IA the lower part, river below, (Rio AbajoI and
the climate corresponds with this structure Of the
country-rigorous At Santa re, mild at FL Paso.
Humboldt thus speaks Of them:
"New Mexico though placed under the same
latitude With Syria ana Central Persia, has eli
mate eninenty cold. II freezes there in the mid
die Of the month Of May, near TO Santa Re, and
ttlr further north (under the parallel OF the Mo
real the RIO del Norte il covered sometimes several
years IN succession with ice 80 thick that horses
and carriages pass on IL. We do not know the
elevation OF the country in New Mexico; but
doubt whether under the 81 OF latitude, the bed Of
the river may have more than seven or eight hun
bred metres OF elevation above the level Of the sea
The mountains which border the valley Of the Del
Norc those at the foot Of which IL placed the
village Of Taos, lose their snow already towards
the commencement Of the month Of June."-poi ],
p. 3O2.
II hC enNlfOuh Oh III fdsO are uellClous
which resemble the most beautiful parts Of Anda-
lusia. The fields cultivated in corn and wheat
The vineyards produce excellent wines, which
preferred even 20 tie wines Of Parras and Of New
Bisoay. The gardens contain, in abundance, all
the fruit trees Of Europe-hgs, peaches, POtne.
granstcs. and pears"-Poi. !, p. BOG.
Humboldt il right, and recent travellers confirm
now what he wrote Ia 1904. IL was at the head Of
the valley Ol the Del Norte, some three degrees
north Of Santa Re, that Colonel Fremont suffered
hs great disaster-hsd 10 struggle through SHOWS
above the heads Of men and hOrscs, and found II a
relief tread the riyer solid with ice, for road.
Al Santa Re- the 10Th Of February, hc found IL win
Ger; eight days afterwards the Rio Abajo, half
way to III Paso, and having descended two thou
sand xix hundred feet, ana still one thousand two
hundred feet above the level Oi ri Paso he found u
sprng-the farmers ploughing and seeding, the
early fruit in bloom, and the air 30 mild that
he campcd out Of nights and without tents, though
in a settled and hospitable country. Here, then,
are two climates in New Me1ico-One a barrier
against the introduction Of African slavery, the
other mott and II IL that part which is not barrier
that IL proposed TO be transferred 10 Texas. This
applies tho Del NOrtc and its valley II " still
more true Of the PuercO aud IL valley. Rising In
lain AL he elc of IA =.