Weekly national intelligencer., 1850-03-09

i
which have had the effect Of extending vastly the portion al
lotted the Northern section, and restricting within narrow
limits the portion left the South the next consists IN
adopting system of revenue and disbursements oy which
an undue proportion of the burden of taxation has been Inn
posed upon the South, and undue proportion OF It's pro-
ceeds appropriated the North and the last is system OF
political by which the original character Of the Gov
enmeA has been radically changed propose TO besiow
upon each of these in the order they stand lew remarks
with the view of showing that owing to the action OF TINS
Government that the equilibrium between the two sections
has been destroyed and the whole powers OF the system Gen.
tered in sectional majority.
The first of the series of acts by which the South de-
prved Of its due share of the territories, originated with the
Conedeacy which preceded the existence OF this Govern
ment is be found in the provision OF the ordinance OF
1857 It's effect was exclude the South entirely from that
vast and fertile region which lies between the Ohio and the
Mississippi rivers embracing five States and one Terri
tory. The of the series the Missouri compromise
which excluded the South from that large portion OF Lous
ana which lies north of 36o 30 excepting what is included
in the State OF Missouri The last of the series excluded the
South from The whole Of the Oregon Territory All these 10
the slang of the day. what called slave territories
and not free soil that is territories belonging sIaveholdng
powers and open the emigration Of masters with their slaves
By these several acts the South excluded Os5
square miles, extent Of country considerably exceeding the
entire valley OF the Mississippi To the South was e the
portion OF the Territory Of Louisiana lying south OF So 3O
and the portion north of included in the State OF Missouri
the portion lying south Of $50 30 including the States Of
Louisiana and Arkansas and the territory lying west OF the
latter and south of $50 3 called the Indian country These,
/
whole 2s3, 500 square miles To this must be added the
territory acquired withTexa II the whole should be added
to the Southern seco would make increase Of 52O
which would make the whole left to the South 6O9023
But large part of Texas still in contest between the two
sections which leaves uncertain what will be the real extent
of the portion of territory that may be left to the South
have included the territory recently acquired by the
treaty with Mexico. The North making the most strenu-
efforts appropriate the whole to herself by excluding
the South from every foot of it. If she should succeed,
will add to that from which the South has already been ex
cuded 07s square miles, and would increase the whole
which the North has appropriated herself ,764O
including the portion that she may succeed IN excluding
from in Texas. To up the whole the United States
since they declared their independence have acquired
046 square miles Of territory from which the North will have
excluded the South she should succeed monopozng the
newly acquired territories, from about hreefourths OF the
whole, leaving to the South but about one-fourth.
Such the first and great that has destroyed ihe
equilibrium between the two sections IN the Government
The next the system of and which
has been adopted by the Government well known that
the Government has derived lis revenue mainly from duties
on imports shall undertake to shew that such duties
must necessarily fall mainly the exporting States, and that
the South the great exporting portion of the Unon has
in reality paid vastly than her due proportion of the
because deem unnecessary, the subject has
many occasions been fully discussed Nor shall for the
reason undertake to show that far greater portion of
the has been disbursed at the North than its due
share, and that the joint effect Of these has been to
transfer vast from South to North which, under
equal system Of revenue and disbursements would not
have been lost to her. If this be added that many Of the
duties imposed not for revenue but for protection
that is intended put money not in the treasury but direct
y into the pockets of the manufacturers conception
may be formed Of the immense amount which, in the long
Of sixty years, has been transferred from South to
North There data by which be estimated with
any certainty but it safe that it hum
dreds Of millions of dollars Under the most moderate est
mate would be sufficient to add greatly to the wealth Of the
North, and thus greatly increase her population by attracting
emigration from all quarters to that section.
This, combined with the great primary cause amply ex-
q
department of the Government by its dspropoonate increase
Of population and States The former has been shown,
has increased in fifty 600 over that Of the Souh
This increase of population during long PERIOD Is salts
actoy accounted for by the number of emgants and the
increase Of their descendants which have been attracted to
the Nohan section from Europe and rhe South in conse
quence Of the advantages derived from the assigned
If they had existed the South had retained oil the cap
tai which has been extracted from her by the fiscal action Of
the Government and had not been excluded by the ord
of s7 and the Missouri compromise from the region y
ing between the Ohio and the Mississippi rivers and between
the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains north of $50 30
scarcely admits Of doubt that it would have divided the emil
grafton with the North, and by retaining her people,
would have least equaled the North in population under
the censuf s4O and probably under that about be taken
She would Also she had retained her equal rights in those
Territories, have maintained equality the number of
States with the North and have preserved the equilibrium be-
tween the two sections that existed at the Of
the Government The loss then of the equilibrium is to be at
tributed to the action Of this Government.
But while these destroying the equilibrium
peWeen Two secuOns, government was
leading radical change its character, by concentrating
all the power Of the system in itself The occasion will not
permit to trace the measures by which this great
change has been consummated If it did, it would not be
difficult TO show that the process commenced early period
of the Government that it proceeded, almost without inter-
rupion, step by STEP until absorbed virtually its entire
powers But without going through the whole process esab
ish the fact it may be done satisfactorily by very short
statement.
That the Government claims, and practically maintains the
night to decide IN the last resort to the extent of its pow
ers will scarcely be denied by any with the
political history Of the country That also claims the right
to resort to force to maintain whatever power she claims
against all opposition, equally certain Indeed it ap
parent from what we daily hear that this has become the
prevailing and fixed opinion of great majority Of the
muniy. Now ask, what limitation possibly be placed
upon the powers of Government claiming anil exercising
such rights And if none be, how the separate
Governments OF the States maintain and protect the powers
reserved them by the constitution the people of
States maintain those which reserved hem and among
Others the sovereign powers by which they ordained and
tabhed, no, only their separate State constitutions and Gov
ernmen but also the constitution and Government of the
United States But, if they have constitutional means
of maintaining them against the right claimed by this Gov
ernmen, necessarily follows that they hold them its
pleasure and discretion, and that all the powers the system
in reality concentrated in it. also follows that the
character of the Government has been changed in
quence, from federal republic, originally from the
hands Of its amcs and that has been changed into
great national consolidated democracy. 1t has indeed,
present. all the characteristics Of the LATER and Of
former, although it still retains its outward form.
The result of the whole Of these combined is that
the North has acquired decided ascendency every de-
pertinent OF this Government, and through it control
all the powers Of the system single secton by
the will of the numerical majority, has now, in fact the