The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1850-12-07
THE ALEDO MAN.

the business 0f importing aud throw that im-
puriAnt branch pf employment 10 the hand
ot interruptions and dishonest men, Who are
alike regardless Of law and the obligations
OF an oath by these means the plaza mten'
uoln oi Congress, a. expressed IA the Law are
daily defeated. Every mOtiye Of policy and
duty, therefore, impul me % ask the earnest
attentlOn nf Congress 60 ibis subject II Con
gress should dcam IL unwise "a attempt any
important changes ia the system Of leyying
duties 90 this srtaOn, IL will become lndisiHn-
sable a. the protection Of the revenue that
such remedies b. 10 the Judgment Of Con-
greas may mitigate the eylls complained Of,
should bee AZ nucr applied,
A. before stated specific duties would, Ia
my opinion ailuri the moot perfect rrnedy
for the evil. hut, you should not roncur 10
this view, tllcn, as partial remedy, ! beg
leave respectfully "a recommend that. INSTEAD
Of taking llw iu,ni,c of the article abroad a.
means Of determining 10 value here, ne
corrcriuc-s of which invoice IL b. la many
cases impossible "a verify the law br su
changed as a. require q home valuation or
appraisal, ~ bo Regulated ~ such mnuucr ~
a. give, a- Gr ~ practicable, uniformity IA
ulc several ports
There hriug 40 MINI iu California, ! am
informed that thr lalorcrs in the miurs are
compelled a. dbl usr Of their gold dust ~ .
large d-gpunL Ills APPEAR 10 me- tu br a
heavy aud unjust ttN upon tho labor Of those
employed in rNttp ting this precious metal,
and doubt not y6u viii be- disposed, ~ the
earliest urripd possible Co relieve thgm from
~ Ly The crablifhmcut ot q mint la the
tln.ih l.llH, ~ as+H sF's office ~ establish
nj there, would respectfully submit for your
consideration the proprcfy of authorizing
...I
stamped, TO hr received iu payment of Govern
mcut dues. ! cannot couCpiyo-that the treas
ury would suffer any loss by such a pru,is-
ion which will M once. raise bullion 10 ~ par
-l-.l....--a4-.! l!-.-4-ll-., IL
formed .ulLS ~furi1iuas ul dollars tu tlc labor
crs WhIh are n0w paid Ia brokerage Ia con
Sort this precious metal into available funds.
This discount upon their hard cnrnlu--l--A
-4---r--v-t7r7c, grri UvJT7 IiIort ,hould hc made
by the Government 10 relieve thcm from so
great u burDvn,
More than thrc@iourth, Of our population
are engaged Ia The cultivation of the soil -
The commercial, manufacturing and nayi-
eating iutorcss are all, 10 q great extent, de
pendent on the agricultural, II Is, therefore,
the most important interest al the nation,
and has Just claim 10 the fostering care aud
protection ct de (o,crnmcnt, ~ far as they
can be- oNtonJd consistently with the provis-
ions OF the Constellation, ~ this cannot be-
done hy the ordinary modes of LEGISLATION, !
rrvprrttutiy recommend thg tsMtiishmCNT0r
an Agricultural bureau, to be- charged with
the duty of giving Ia this leading branch of
American industry the encouragement which
IL ~ well deserves Ia view Of she immense
mineral rcsOaF,h Of our country, provision
should also bc made Tor the employ nent OF -
competent mncralogist and chemist, who
should bc required, under the direction of
the head Of nc bureau, 10 collect specimens
Of the variOts minerals of our country, and
to ascertain by careful analysis, their rcspcc.
tive ccmcits aud properties, aud thor adnp-
tation Ia useful purposes. lie should also bc
required % examine and report upon the
qualities 81 different soils, and the manurcs
best calculated 20 improve their productive
p'ss. by publishing the results Of such
experiments, with suitable explanations and
| by the collection aud distribution of -rare
seeds aud plants, With instructions ~ 10 the
best system of cultivation. much may he done
ca promote this gr,at national interest
In compliance with the act of Congress.
passed on thc 2Si pf May, 1880, providing,
among other things, for taking the seventh
census, a superintendent was appointed, and
all other mcayurcEuduptcd which were deem
ed necessary 10 cumTc the prompt and faith
lll performance W NllaN NNtNs 1 ne hnIfNnfis
alton already made, will, IL is believed, be-
sufficient to driray the whole expense Of the
work; bur further legislation may be ncccssa-
~ in regard To the compensation Of some of
the marehals of the Territories IL will also
M proper ~ nTsft- prwfsiUTr by INV, NJ HIT
early DAY for the Publication ofsuch abstracts
Of the returns as the public interests may re-
quirr
The Unprecedented growth orour Terrific
rics on the Pacific In wealth and population,
and the consequent increase Of their social
and commercial relations with the Atlantic
States, seem "a render it the duty of the gov
crnmcni TO use all III its constitutional power
10 improve the means OF intercourse wilhthom.
The importance OF opening "liuc OF commu-
ncnlinn. lle LGsl ALL uIu-L-rA +.4AlI...s4-
which the nature ofthc country will admit
between the valley Of the Mississippi aud the
Pacific, was brought 10 your notice 10y my
predecessor in his annual Hessagc; aud ~ tho
reasons which hr presented in favor of the
measure still exist in iull force, | beg leave
20 call YOU, attention to them, and 10 repeat
the Recommendation Then made hy hiih.
The uncertainty which exist, in regard to
the validity of land titlrs in California j. a
subject which demands your early cou,idcra-
tiun. Large bodio, of land in thai state er,.
claimed undpy grants said to have been made
10y authority of the Spanish and Mexican
Governments Many of these have not been
perfected, others have been revoked aud
some are believed tn lee fraudulent Buruu-
al they shall hav" been iuaicinlly invcstigat~
cd,thcN will continue to rrtlrl the settlement
and Improvement oIthc country, ! therefore
respectfully rccoWmcnd that provision be-
r,,-tr t, iryvr,- tor disappointment Or commits
,ioncrs TO examine all such claims, with view
to their final adjustment
| alsorhcg leave To call your attention 90
the propriety of extending at nm carly day,
our system OF land laws. with such iuuiitira-
tons a. may hc necessary. over the State. of
California and the territories OF Utah and
New Mexico. The mineral lands of Calitnr-
MIA will, of course, form an exception To any
general system which may be adopted. Va
rious methods of dispusing OF them have been
suggested, | was at first inclined TO favor
the system of leasing, as it seemed to promise
the largest revenue 10 the goycrnment,andt to
afford the best security against monopoics;
but further reflection, and our experience in
leasing the iuad mines aud selling lands up
on credit have brought my mind to the CON
rlusion that there would be great difficulty in !