The New York herald., 1850-01-28

Tree negroes 10 come among lntin, On pain vi lu-
prisoBmeDt, &c. Ii cannot De desire To lIberate
slaves, because they have never 10 my knowledge,
attempted TO steal negroes from Cuba or Brazil IL Is
true, however, that having the right now to come
among us Doth by land and water, they have greater
advantages and immunitles. Forli they went into
foreign county, they would incur The risk OF being
shot or hanged, as robbers and pirates usually are.
Sir, il any evils have grown out OF the existence
North. During the days of the slave trade, which
Gas formerly had occasion TO remark) was coa-
tuued down to ls0S by New England votes IN tue
convention, the Northern ship owners realized
large profits by purchasing negroes the coast OF
Africa thirty or forty dollars per head, and sell.
Ing them to Southern planters for several hundred
dollars. The bringing IN OF these slaves caused
large tracts Of The Southern country, too unhealthy
under profitable cultivation. The price of cotton
has thereby been brought down from fifty to ten,
and even five cents per pound. An immense
amount of capital and labor is employed profit
ably in it's manufacture at the North. In England,
also, not less than six hundred millions of dollars
Is thus invested, and vast population exists by
being employed in the manufacture. 1t is as ;rr-
tanned that at least five millions Of white persons,
In Europe and In this csuntry, get their employ
ment, are fed, and exist, on the manufacture of
cotton alone. The cheap Souihern production OF
the raw material not only Is the means of thus
giving subsistence 10 great portion OF the popu-
latlon OF this country and Europe, but is clothing
the world at cheap rate In addition TO cotton;
nee, sugar, coffee, tobacco, and various tropical
productions are supplied at cheap rate, for nor
tbern consumption. On the other hand. our slaves
seldom come in competition with Northern labor,
and are good consumers of its productions While
the North has derived these great advantages,
the negroes themselves have not been sufferers
Their condition not only compares most adj
vaLtageously with that OF the laborlng populd-
ton Of the world but is IN advance of the position
they have been able, at any time, to occupy at
home. The researches OF Gliddon and other
.ntiquarians show that four thousand years ago
fv,.a sI.v cla and lanE
they now are. Since then, IN that country
where they were placed by Providence, and
where, from their peculiar constitution, they en-
JOY the best health, they have existed only as
savages: They are there continually made slaves
OF by the men of more intelligent and enterprl-
sing races. Nor have they ever gotten out Of
the tropical parts OF Africa, except when they
were carried as me rchandise. 1t remains to be
proved, however, yet 70 the world, that the negro
any more than the horse, cen permanently exist
In state OF freedom, out of the tropical regions
Their decay at the North, well as other clrcum-
stances which have not time TO detail, are adverse
10 the proposition. And yet, Fir, the journals OF
the North, while they deny that the French and
The Germans, the mest enlightened OF the c0nt-
mental nations of Europe, are capable sf freedom,
stoutly MAINTAIN that the negro is-the negro who
has never anywhere, when left to himself, gotten
up TO the respectable state of babansm which all
the other races have attained, not even excepting
our Indians In Mexico and Peru.
While the people Of the northern States and the
negroes have been benefited, am not prepared to
admit that the South (lf injured at ally has suffered
| as generally supposed. The influx of foreign emf
grants, and some other circumstances TO which
will presently advert, have, In some respects put
the North greatly ahead: But If you deduct the
foreign population, which goes chiefly 10 the North
the little we get not being equal to that portion
of our own people who go TO the northwestern
States-if you deduct this, | say, it will be found
that the white population of all the slaveholdng
States has increased faster than that OF the free
States. Owing to the comfortable condition of
our population, If there had been no emigration
from abroad, the descendants Of our portion of the
American white family would be more numerous
than the northern. Nor is It true that We are the
poorer on the contrary, i we take the vau-
atons Of properly in the different States as assess
ed by the public officers, it appears that the slave.
holding States are much richer In proportion 10
their population than the free. Even II you ex-
ciude the Pegroes as property, and count them in
the population, It appears that the citizens of Viz
einla-the Oldest Of the slave States-are richer,
per head, than the citizens of any one of the free
States, IL Will also appear that the slaveholding
States have vastly less paupersm and crime than
The northern States. Looking, therefore, at all
these different elements, viz greater increase OF
population. more wealth, and less poverty and
crime, we have, reason TO regard our people as
prosperous and happy.
Sir, have not, for want Of time, gone into de-
tails on these points, but contented myself with
the statement OF those general views which every
candid inquirer will, am satisfied end to be true.
do not seek to make comparisons that might be
ItgtfOtO lhNlulout, uncts Dy way OF defence
against hsbtusl attacks on US but regard il as
right To say, on this OCCASION that whether consi-
defed with reference 10 the physical comfort of the
people, ora high state Of public and private mo-
rals elevated sense OF honor, and OF all generous
emotions, have no reason to believe that higher
state Of civilization either now exists elsewhere
or has existed at any time the past, than Is pre-.
sented by the southern States oi the Union.
When We look 10 foreign countries, these views
are confirmed and sustained. Brazil, with po-
puation OF two slaves 10 one freeman, is the mos,
prosperous Of the South American States, and the
only one which has a stable political system.
cuba ls greatly IN advance OF the other West India
islands, though ST. Domingo and Jamaica once
equalled her before the emancipation of their
slaves. Besides the expense OF maintaining her
government at home, Cuba pays Spain a revenue
ioI her population than two hundred millions would
be for the United States. Could our people, in ad-
diuon 10 the expense ot our State governments pay
SIX tmesas much as the the federal government has
ever yet raised by impost and taxes That Cuba
should be able 10 bear this burden and still prosper
IN evidence OF the high productiveness of the sys.
TEN. In spite, however, Of these great facts, which
ought 10 strike sll impartial minds the course OF
the Norih has been constantly aggressive on this
question. The ordinance OF 17s7, adopted coten,-
poraneously with the constitution, made the terri.
tory north Of the OHIO free, and left that south of
The riyer slavehodine, giving the North more than
hall of all the existing territory. When Louisiana
was acquired slavery could legally exist ln every
part of IL. The State Of Missouri baving formed a
republican constitution, proposed 10 come into the
lnion, but the North resisted her application.
Though her constitution recognising slavery was
precisely like those Of majority ofthe old States,
yet they, against all constitutional prIncipe, be,
cause ahey had the power IN one branch OF Con.
gress, obstinately refused her admission, until II
VAS provided BY act OF Congress that no other
slave State should exist North Of 36 30 By thai
msans, after leaving the South only territory for
single State, (Arkansas,) they acquired enough
IN extent 10 make ten or fifteen large States Now.
encouraged by their former succese, and having
become relatively stronger, they claim the whole
OF the territory.
Should we give way, what is TO be the result,
California, Oregon, New Mexico, Deserct. and
Minnesota, will come into the Union in less than
FIVE year,, giving the North a clear ma lority OF
ten or fifteen votes IN the Senate. The census of
the coming year will, under the new apportion.
ment, give them nearly two to one in thi. House
With immense controlling majoriss in both
branches, will they not at once, by act of Congress-
abolish slavery in the Statesi Mr.. Adams, who.
in his day, controlled Northern opinion on this
question, said that there were twenty provisions OF
the constitution, which, under certain circum-
stances, would give Congress the power. Would
not this majority find the power, as easily as they