davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1850-09-28


gentlemen have felt computations the subject and
some occasions must avail myself Of my privilege.
tonshed that the Senator from Georgia, who presented this
notion should have acknowledged himself very deficient
in regard to intelligence from New Mexico. He says that
that State that would has been represented here's but
he certainly must have forgotten that there most asdu
representative and delegate from there, Mr.. HUGH n
SM1TH-a gentleman who not only jealous but able
and who was present here during most of the session the
representative of that infant State or Colony Yes he
here, and he left US but the other day. fully compensated for
his services and have doubt that his abors of great
importance to New Mexico. The Senator recently
rived, though his Geographic despatch here before him.
has his claims presented. This is the first State
that represented by single Senator, and pre-
sumo, Washington city had not been his residence and
home he would not have been here either The controversy
tween the military Of New Mexico and the secon-
suted authorities Of that country very well calculated
should suppose to have deferred any man who had the
nducement OF returning his home from attempting
leave three 10 the expectation of being recognised
Der OF this or the other house of Congress 1t is well known
that controversy has arisen between the authorities there
constituted under the orders of the Administration and those
acting under the military authority which has we'll nigh
suited in open war; and this Senator elect" is the offspring
OF their mutual dlsc0rd under these circumstances that
he comes here and there any thing analogous between his
claims and those OF the Senators from California; The Sena.
tors from California came here representing State, certainly
irregular in its first organization having passed through
but they came here with sanction some authority to
sustain them The voice of the people, and of regularly
Legislature sent them here and they were
Missed, therefore, entitled seats here There were nc
difficulties conflicting with the territorial and sovereign rights
Of any other State in the Union arising from their admission
Sir, cannot why should not Just as properly sdm
to any individual who comes here from the Utahs
the Cherokee nation from any where else, claiming L
represent constituency, this individual who claims TO b,
Senator elect They are quite much eatitled TO IT, In
Decd they much because they have had no one
here represent them, while almost all the talent of the
House has been employed in advancing the interests Of New
Mexico.
Mr.. DAWSON. wish to make but one or two observa
ions bad certainly no intention Of infringing upon the
rights of Texss-evey body knows my position in that mat
terno do consider this motion an infringement Upon
the rights of Texas The people Of this Colony supposed
they bad right to form State government and they pro.
ceeded to do So as stated today under the supposed
ton Of the Government Under this misapprehenson they
Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1850-09-28

of passing numerous bills n individual to strike
in the fourteenth line of the first section the words double
the amount, and insert fifty per cent"
Mr.. HUNTER would suggest to the Senator from
Iowa that perhaps he make his bill acceptable to
Others and accomplish all the purposes he has in view by
striking the fourth section and in order to show why
make the notion if he will withdraw his motion will ask
to have letter read which have received from the Commits
soner Of Pensions in communication from me,
calling his attention to this very
The letter accordingly read, as follows:
PENSION OFFICE, AUGUST 2, 1850.
SIR: herewith Senate bill No. IS7 regulate
the pensions of officers soldiers seamen and who
have been may hereafter be disabled while the service of
the United States"
The first three sections OF this bill suggested by in
January 1849 and il law containing these sections
passed. the additional expenditure would twenty
thousand dollars the highest calculation the number OF
disabled by the actual loss of limbs eyes battle does
amount to than fifty those who draw invalid
pensions But if the fourth section should pass the effect
would be to increase the pension every who is
the roll to treble quadrupe the which he
From little than three hundred thousand dol
lars the amount of the present annual expenditure for invalid
pensions this item would be increased TO eleven or twelve
hundred thousand dollars
BY this bill the peDsons Of officers would be increased in
to the following Lieutenant Colonel and all
officers above that grade ninety dollars per month Major,
month First Lieutenant hyone dollars per month Second
Lieutenant forty i've dollars per month Third Lcutenan
forytwo dollars per month Ensign, thrnine dollars per
month.
have the honor to be- respectfully your obedient servant
Hon. II. VI. I. HUNTER, Senate of the u. States.
Mr.. HUNTER. will suggest to the Senator from Iowa
that if he will Withdraw his notion will strike out
the fourth section.
Mr.. JONES. am very confident and the other mem
bers Of the committee confident that there mistake
about this estimate The fourth section provides for giving
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
On the Use of Mules.

Mules, on a general average, live mdeI than twice as long as horses. They arefitl for service from three years old to thity. At twelve horse has seen his best daysI and IS going doWn-hil, but a mule at tfatI age has scarcely risen out of his childhood J and goes on improving till he is twent l Instances are recorded of mules living sixyI or seventy years, but these are exceptions The general rule is that they will averaseI thirty.
 Mules are never exposed to diseases Is. horses are. l have Ient considerable title, in studying the disease of horses, from ring bone up to poIl-evil but whoever heard of a ring boned, spawned, wind broken mule? Immense sums of money are annually lost in the premature death of high-spirited horses by accident and disease. The omni- bus lines in the city of New York have not been able 10 sustain their horses, and are beginning to use mules, as less liable by far even to accident as we'll as disease.
 This results from the next consideration, which is, that mules have organs of vision and hearing far superior to those of the horse, hence they seldom shear, frighten or run of. A horse frghtens because he lmagines he sees something frightful, but mule, having superior discernment, both by the eye and ear, understands every thing he meets, and is therefore safe. For the same reason he is surer-footed, and hence more valuable in mountain regions and on dan- gerouS roads. doubt whether on the AL pine paths mule ever made q misstep. lie may have been deceived in the frmness of the spot where he sets his foot, but not in the propriety of the choice, all appear ances considered.
 The mule is much more hardy than the horses. A pair of these animals owned by a neighbor of mine, although small in size, will plough more land in one week than four horses. In light harness or under the sad dle, in hauling iron ore on the turnpike be- fore ConeStoga wagon, one mule in life time will kill seven horses. Their faculty of endurance is almost incredible.
 And one very important fact is, that in the matter offood a mule will live and thrive on less than one half what it takes to keep a horse. The horses of England at the pres ent time are consuming grain which would save the lives of thousands of British sub-
 efdtrned ffB ffBf" 2s sf4od 10 lfgaiIaa if aiIa ljbofhgf lijbof me, few days ago, that in the county Of Antrim alone there are s poor-houses, con. taining from eight to nine hundred paupers each. Were the nobility disposed to substi stute mules for horses the grave might be cheated out of many thousands of victim. who starve 10 death for want of the grair that horses consume. In our country, how ever, the saving of grain is no object, Ina national point of view, the agricultural in terest is So great that the greater demand for grain of all kind the better for the far mer; but yet individual farmers who are in debt, and whose land is not improved, would find it profitable in the course of ten years to have the labor of full team and save one half of the food necessary to keep it up, as might be the case in substituting mules for horses.-P Pittsburg ViSiter.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
The Wonders of Wature.

There is a tree called the Manchaneel, in the West Indies; its appearance is very attractive, and the wood of it peculiarly beautiful; it bears kind of apple resem- bling golden pippin. This fruit looks very tempting and smells very fragrant, but to eat of it is instant death, and its sap or juice is so poisonous that if few drops of it fall on the skin, it raises blisters and oc- casions great pain.
 The Indians dip their arrows in this juice to poison their enemies when they wound them. Providence has so appointed it, that one of these is never found, but near it grows white wood, or fig tree, the juice of either of which, if applied in time, is a remedy for the disease produced by the Manchaneel
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
UOw to Cure a Cold.

Of all the other means of curing colds, fasting is the most effectual. Let whoever has a cold eat nothing whatever for two days, and his cold will be gone, provided he is not confined in bed-because, by talk ing no carbon into the system, by food, but consuming that surplus which caused his disease by breath, he soon carries off his dis ease by removing the cause. And this plan of fasting will be found more efectual if he adds copious water-drinking to protracted fasting. By the time person, able to be about, but suffering, however severely from cold, has lasted one entire day and night, he will begin to experience relief, light ness, a freedom from pain, and a cIearness of mind, in delightful contrast with that mental stupor and physical pain caused by colds. And how infinitely better is this method of breaking up colds and freeing the system of disease than medicines, espe- cially violent poisons.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
Signs Of Rain.

These are general prognostcs of rain;-
 1Sa'{or in corner tial ar r:2I4 and gather to- heads 10 leeWard, or take shelter in tno sheds--when goats go to sheltered spots when asses bray frequently and shake their eals-when dogs lie much about the freside and appear droWSy--When cats turn their backs to the fire and wash their faces-When pigs cover themselves more than usual in litter-when cocks crow at unusual hours and flap their wings much-When hens chaunt-when ducks and geese are unusu- ally clamorous-when pigeons wash them selves-When peacocks squaI loudly from trees--when the guinea-foWl makes an in .cessant grating clamor-when sparroWs chirpl loudly dlyandclamorously and congregate on the ground or in the hedge-when swat- lows fly low, and skim their wings on water, on account of the flies upon which they feed having descended towards the ground
 when the carrion- crow croaks solitary when water wild-fowl dip and wash un- usually-wheh moles throw up hills more industriously than usual-when toads creep out in numbers-when frogs croak--when bats squeak and enter houses-When the singing birds take shelter-when the robin approaches nearest the dwellings of man when tame swans fly against the wind when bees leave their hives with caution. and fly only short distances-whe ants carry their eggs busily-when flies bite severely, and become troublesome in num- bers-when earth-worms appear on the surface of the ground and crawl about-and when the larger sorts of snais appear.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
Causes of Rain,

Heat and water are the fruitful parents of winds and clouds. When aqueous vapOr is precipitated in rain or snow, heat that was latent becomes again sensible, and by in creasing the capacity of the air to hold water in the form of vapor, presents q dis astrous deluge of this abundant element in nature. The laws which restrain the pre- cipitaton of water from the clouds are no less curious than those which cause it to rain at all. The atmosphere must approach saturatlon before it can rain, and it usually happens that the quantities which will fall on given area, 100 feet above the ground and on the earth are unequal. Large drops, in falling through many feet of dry air, be- come smaller by constant evaporation and may be wholly dissipated before they reach the earth. On the other hand, quite small drops formed in cold regions, high in the air, constantly condense more vapor in falling through saturated atmosphere, and will be many times larger when they reach the ground than at their starting point.
 To illustrate the production of rain, let us suppose that current of air at 70 deg. temperature, saturated with moisture, meets and mingles with another current, also saturated, but having a heat of 50 deg. Now, if the atmosphere at the mean tenn perature of 60 deg had capacity to hold water as an invisible vapor, equal to the mean of 70 deg. and 50 deg, it is obvious that no precipitation would take place. But such is not thefact. The quantity of wa ter held in air heated from 60 deg. 10 70 deg. cannot be contained in that heated from 50 deg. to 50 deg. In other words, whatever cools air saturated with moisture, causes a cloud, dew, mist, or rain.
 The above is short extract from the Agricultural Report of the Patent Office, presented 10 Commissioner Ewbank by Dr. Lee, who was appointed for the purpose. The report is not yet officially published, but we hope it soon will, for it is one of the most able and valuable reports we have ever read, and will be of immense benefit to our farmers Scient9c Ameriean.540X
 t f..a o0rr~~>~~~~>~~o~~~o~~oc~~or~~~~
 Browns blight young children, as frosty nirhtS hlipht Vounr nlan+c
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
To Make Paint.

Having been so frequently applied to for the following recipe, until it has become troublesome to give copies of it, 1 request you 10 publish it. JAS. BOYLE. To make paint without white lead and oil
 sI oirissrfcs ed milk,
 ? ounces fresh slacked lime,
 } pounds whiting
 Put the lime into a stoneware vessel pour upon it a sufficient quantity of milk to make a mixture resembling cream, the bal ance ot milk is then to be added; and lastly the whiting is then to be crumbled and spread on the surface of the fluid, in which it gradually sinks! At this period it must be well stirred in, or ground as you would other paint, and it is fit for use.-Then may be added any coloring matter that suits the fancy.
 It is to be applied in the same manner as other paints, aud in few hours it will be. come perfectly dry. Another coat may then be added, and so on, until the work is com pleted This paint is of great tenacity and possesses a slight elasticity, which enables it 10 bear rubbing even with a coarse woolen cloth, without being in the least injured. Ii has little or no smell even when wet and when dry is perfectly nodorous. It is nor subject to be blackened by ulphurous ol animal vapors, and is not inj jurious to health All which qualities give it decided advan- tage over white lead.
 Thequantity above mentioned is ssufficient for covering 57 yards with one coat.
 Annapolis ReDubkcan.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
Origin of Coal.

The immense beds of bituminous coal found in the valley of the Ohio fill the mind with wonder. Age after age, successive growths of plants springing up in the same region, were entombed beEeath thick strata ct shale to the depth of more than 1000 feet, while beneath the whole lay the bed of an ocean 4oored with fossil salt. Ind- cations of coal are found at intervals across the great valley from the Alleghany to inc
 2cky Mountains. It is found near she F iacs in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana Illinois .f.2d EIisssiFs. and with s4Qaht may be found beneath the extensive territory, de- posles which form the substratum of the great prairies in the central aud northern parts otthe Western States. As low down as New Madrid, on the Mississippi, coal was thrown up from beneath the bed of the river by the great earthquake of 1872, a sufficient proof of its continuation in the most depressed part of the great valley. That the coal is of vegetable origin, no one who has ever read much on the subject. or personally examined the coal beds, will deny.
 Time was when it was considered pe- culiar mineral product, formed in the same manner and at the same time with the rocks that surround it. The product of its chem- cal analysis being altogether vegetable, and the artificial formation of coal from wood by Sir James Hall, have silenced all doubts on the subject. The only mystery now is, how such vast quantities of vegetable mat ter could be accumulated and grown on the spot where they were buried That they grow in general on the surface now occu- pied by the coal, appears certain, from the perfect state in which the most delicate stems and leaves are preserved. Had they been transported by currents of water, and especially from any distance, it is hardly possible that they should not have received more damage. The climate at that period must have been more humid than at present, as many of the plants are of those families which now grow only in tropical climates; and as the laws never change, this may be deemed a correct inference.
 ESGllman's Journal.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
Wives Of Working Hen.

Speaking of the middle ranks of life,. a good writer observes:
 There we behold woman in all her glory, not a doll 10 carry silks and jewels, not puppet to be dandled by fops, and idols Of profane admiration, reyerenced today; dis carded tomorrow; admired but not respect ed; desired but not esteemed; ruling by pas sons not affection; imparting her weak ness not her constancy 10 the sex she should exalt; the source & mirror of vivacity, We see her as the wife partaking the care, and guiding the labor of her husband; and by her husband; and by her domestic dili- gence spreading cheerfulness all around for his sake, sharing the decent refnements of the world without being told of them, pla- cing all her joy, all her happiness in the merited appreciation of the man she loves. As mother we find her the atlectionate, the ardent instructress of the children she has reared in infancy. and trained them up to virtue, to meditation and benevolence, addressing them as rational beings, and preparing them 10 become men and women in their turn. ..f
 A friend writing from the gold mines, says he has slept for the last six months on a bed stuffed with broken bottles, with no- thing but cellar door for a blanket. lie changes his shirt by turning two shingles
 The Hindoo law says, "strike not even with a blossom wife, though she be guilty of thousand faults.n The English Jaw would let you chit her again with Wha' the blossom grows on.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
Bonnet Care CreVasse.

This sweeping and resistless rush of Mis- sissippi water out of the usual channel is now over one mile wide and extending ra- pidly. Iti sixty feet deep by actual meas urement, and it has been ascertained that the depth has increased within the last few weeks. What the prospect here presented is, few even among our most prominent Photographers and engineers can say. Suf- flee it that the alarm in the mammoth city below is very great. And time it is for alarm, especially to the large property hold CTS within the present business focus of the city. As we learn that already the main body of river water is running into and widening the Crevasse, in other words that the Crevasses salready seems to have become the river With such tremendous diver sion of the current, it is for those who know more than us about the freaks of the 'fa- ther of waters to explain the known fact that sti the fall has been eight feet more at this point than below the Crevasse.
 Conc0rdio Int, July l3.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
PRESIDENT FILLMORE,

The testimony which we subjoin, respect ing the character of the new President, will be read with interest The sources from which it is taken are of opposite politics the Courier being whig and the Globe democratic. We ourselves join in the feel ing of confidence which the press and the people generally entertain of the new Pres ident's impartiaity and ability. The New York Courier says:
 MT. Fillmore is a man in whom the whole Union may repose firm and just confidence His life has been less conspicuous than Gen. Taylor's, devoted to the service of the whole Union, and he is no less thoroughly than he is national in all his feelings, in all his prin- ciples, and in all his conduct. He is faml- far with public affairs, and has discharged the duties of every station which he has been summoned to fill, with ability, dignity, and success. We feel the utmost conf- dence that, so far as may depend upon him, the high duties of the great office into which he has been so solemnly inducted will be discharged with the most entire faithfulness and the most patriotic devotion to the pres ervation and the welfare of our glorious Union.
 The New York Globe (dem.) says:
 The talents and business qualifications of MT. Fillmore are of high order, and we believe that they who hope or fear that he may manifest any sectional bias, will be dis appointed. Such is our information of his opinions, indeed such is our knowledge of the man, that we do not hesitate to predict that he will give no cause for the South to continue it's reproaches against the North, and afford no countenance to the fanatcal agitators of the North. He will have a glo- rious opportunity of enrolling his name high on the list of our patriots, if he but follows the course which they who know him best are confident he will pursue, viz: that which shall soonest and most efectually tranquil ize the public mind, and insure the pe1petu- ity of the Union.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
TERMS OF ADVERTISING

For Q square of 10 lines, frstinsertion, $l co For each subsequent insertion, 50
 Any number of lines under ten, counted as ore square,-over 1O and under 20, counted as two squares, and advertisements ofgreater length II like proportion.
 Liberal deductions will be made to those who advertise by the year.
 Announcing candidates for State offices, $lO %
 District ' co
 county, '' 5 co
 township, /" 3 % Communications ofa personal nature will be charged double price, Payment in advance. JOB WORK of every description executed x the best of style and at reasonable prices.
Southern shield., 1850-08-03
kg. sg. BLOUJT'Tr g. Egro.
A RE now opening their new and eleea IA stock of STAPLE & FANCY

A hE now UpeHlhg their new and elerant IA stock of STAPLE & FANCY
 DRY GOODS. suitable for the Spring and Summer trade. The warm weather has come, and is oppressinc us with heat almost indurable; and the best way is to doff your thick winter dresses and supply their places with some of our beautiful
 LAWNS & RAREGES, that will make you quite comfortable.
 We return our thanks to the trading commu- nity, for the very liberal patronage that we have received, and only ask continuation as long as we continue to sell you Goods as low or little lower than you can get them elsewhere. Helena, June l, 1850.