davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
DRS, WILLIAMS g. BURT,

HAVE just received superior lot OF Sand and
Ill Black Lead Crucibles, Blue Smats, Per-
cussion Caps, Apothecarys scales and weights,
Gavanc batteries, and bone liniment,
Turlingtons basam, extract pink root, thermome
ters Harlem OIL horse lancets, Hnlls double and
single lrusses, Chase's do. abdominal supporters,
silver and brass spring ancets ,har-lip scissors.
surgeons pocket instruments Nos and 2, sus-
pensory bandages, metallic and gum elastic nipple
shields, Mofats bitiers and pills. sand peper, red,
yellow and white bronze, Sands sarsaparilla,
Townsend's sarsaparilia, race ginger, Clipped
logwood, verdigrs, indigo No. /, madder No. ].
medical saddIebags, Husbands magnesa, by
drometers, gold and silver leaf, choloroform,
chrome green and yellow, jujuba paste, copal
varnish patent lint, Iinseed oil. white lead, and
every other article usually found in drug store
Washington, Sept. 5, lS49-35-tf
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13

ALABAMA.-The Legislature of Alabama
adjourned, without having acted finally
on any of the resolutions or bills which
came before them relating to the slave
question. Each House passed its own
SET of resolutions. Indeed we believe
each House passed two or three sets, but
the two Houses did not agree upon any
one SO as to make it the act of the Legis-
lature. There does not seem to have
been much difference of opinion between
the two Houses on the merits of the ques-
ton, or the attitude which the State
should take; but there was obstinacy
about forms, and finally, on the confusion
OF winding up the session. the whole SUBJ
]ect lay oyer.-N. 0. Pacay:sne.
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
BY HORITY.
PUBLIC ACTS
Passed during the first session Of the Thnty.trst
Congress.
No

A RESOLUTION for binding .he public docu-
ments.
..esolued, by the Senate and House Of Repre-
sentaiires of the United States Of America IN
Congress assembled, That all executive docu-
me It's, the printing of additional copies of which
have been, during the present session, or may
during either session OF the present Congress, be-
ordered by either House of Congress, and the size
of which shall not be less than three hundred
printed pages, such additional copies shall be
bound, under the direction OF the JOINT Committee
on Printing: Prorided, The cost of binding shall
not exceed the sum of twelve and half cents a
volume for the whole number ordered.
Approved, Feb IL, 1850.
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
LION QUEEN KILLED.-The folly {

LION QUEEN KILLED.-The folly of
playing all manner Of strange 2ranks with
Inns and tigers has just been illustrated
at Chatham, where young woman, Ell
len Bright, accustomed TO enter one OF
the dens of Wombell's travelling menag-
are, and there exhibit TO all audience.
gaping with astonshneLt, her tricks with
a lion and tiger confined together has
met with a shocking death. On entering
the den for the purpose of going through
the usual performances with the lion. she
struck the tiger with small whip, when
the animal growled; then after compet-
ing part of the performances, she struck
the beast again. when, rearing up, 1t selz-
ed her Sv the throat aud Inflicted fright
ful injuries with its huge fangs. keeper
Immediately rushed TO her assistance, and,
10y striking the animal violent blow on
the nose with an iron bar, succeeded III
releasing her; but life was nearly extinct.
She was immediately attended by mill
tary surgeon who was present. but died
in few minutes, owing to wounds in :he
neck and chin, and also to the shock
which her system had received from ex-
cessive fright. The coroner's jury testi-
fed their dislike OF the practice Of allow
ing persons to perform in den of wild
beasts. Thus perished "the Lion Queen"
a victim to one of the remnants OF bar5a-
rism which society retains for its amuse-
ment-perhaps also afording lesson to
all invested with "a little brief authority,
Queens and Imperial Caesars, how dam
gerous IT is to use the whip wantonly,
and for mere show of power.
Manchester Examiner.
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
DR.. J. g. GRAY

TAVlNG associated themselves in the practice
Ill of Medicine, offer their professional services
to the citizens of Washington and the vicinity
DIR. Gray will be found at his residence, in Wash
ington. unless professionally engaged. DIR, Con-
way, at his plantation, four miles west of Wash
ington.
NIB all difficult cases, their joint atten-
lion will be given, without extra charge.
April Ill, lo49. l5-H
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
MEDICAL NOTICE.

MEDICAL NOTICE.
nOCTORS JETT e. BOWMAN have asso-
~ cated themselves together in the practice of
Medicine and Surgery.
Office at Benz. P. Jett's Drug Store.
Washington, Jan. IL, 1880. l2-2m
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
Land for Sale.

THE undersigned has for sale a large quantity
i of land lying in the counties of Lafayette and
Dallas. which he will dispose of in quantities and
on terms to suit purchasers, iether for cash or on
time). description and price of said lands can
be had by calling at his Office in the town Of Lewis
vile, Lafayette county, Ark.
JAMES A. BURTON, Agent &c.
July &c, l849 80
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13

Permanent rest is not to be expected
on the road, but at the end Of the journey.
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
MEDICAL NOTICE.

hrs. WILLIAMS g. BURT, having associa-
~ ted themselves in the practice of Medicine
respectfully tender their professional services to
the public.
Office, at their Drug Store, where they VIII
keep Constantly on hand, general assortment o'
fresh Drugs and Medicines.
Washington, December 6, 164e 5l-tf
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
W AH@%o
Britt's Hotel,
WASHINGTON, HEMPSTEAD CO.,
ARKANSAS

II HHE subscriber begs leave to inform his friends
i and the public, that he still continues busi-
ness at his old stand, where he has supplied him.
self with every thing necessary for the accom-
mediation Of the travelling community. His house
is commodious, the rooms well arranged for
families and his table well supplied with the best
the market affords.
His stables are large, bountifully supplied with
provender. and attended by careful ostlers.
He pledges himself that nothing shall be want
ing on his part to render comfortable all who may
be pleased to give him call. His charges will be
as moderate those of any other house in the
south, as an evidence of which he refers to the
following
RULES:
Boarding per month";, $40
Boarding and lodging per week, S3 50
'' day, rs
Single meal, - = 25
Lodging, : 25
Horse feed. 25
Keeping man and horse all night, 81
hecping horse per week, So
GEO. o. BRITT.
Washington, Oct. 80, I845.-7-tf
Washington telegraph., 1850-03-13
Drs. Conway IL Stray

DR.. ]. d. CONWAY.
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18
MISCELLANY.
TIL FORCE GF FEAR

& At the close of the winter OF 1885,
about dusk in the afternoon, just as ;hc
wealthy dealers in the Palais- Royal at Pa
ris were about lighting their lamps ana
putting up their shutters (the prac ice OF
Of the major part Of them Il, nlghlfal',) J a
well known money y-cbanser sat behind his
counter aloue. surrounded By massiyr
heaps Of silver and gold, the gi,,tglns an.i
siering currency OF all the kinsioms oi
Europe. He had wellnish closed his
operations for the day, and was enjoying
in anticipation the prospect OF good din
ner. Between the easychair upon which
be reclined in perfect satisfaction, and the
doar which opened into the north side oI
the immense Quadrangle of which the
splendid edifce aforementioned is com.
posed. arose stout wire partition, reach
ing nearly to the ceiling. and resting upon
the counter, which traversed the whole
length Of the room. Thus he was effect
sally cut Of from al possibility Of unfrien-
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18

this for you?' said the doctor, moving his
chair instinctively from his patient, and
speaking in rather excited tone of voice..
NO one prescribed it. / took it on the
recommendation of the bar-keeper down
stairs, who said that he knew it would cure
me-
And you had my prescription in your
pocket at the same time The prescrip-
ton Of regular physician Of twenty five
years practice set aside for qlack nos
trum, recommended by bar-keeperl A
fine compliment to common sense and the
profession. truly! My friend, ifI must
speak out plainly. you deserve to die-&
! shouldn't much wonder if you got your
desertsl Good evening"
Saying this the doctor arose, and was
moving towards the door, wheu the fright
ened patient called to him in such appeal
ing tones that he was constrained to pause.
A humble confession Of error. and re-
peated apologies, softened the physicians
anger. and he came back and resumed his
seat
Ny friend said he recovering his self.
possession which had been considerably
disturbed. DO you know the composition
Of that cordial which you took with so
much confdence?'
! do not replied the gentleman.
'Humph! Well I can tell you. About
nine-tenths ofitis cheap brandy, or New
England rum. which completely destroys
or neutralises the salutary medicmeuts
that form the :itAe thereof. ] don't won.
der that the stuff has aggravated your
symptoms. / would. if in your state of
health. about as leave take poison
Pray don't talk to me in that way, Doc
sor,' said the patient imploringly. i am
sick, and what you say can enly have the
effect to make me worse. ! am already
sufficiently punished for my folly. Pre-
scribe for me once more. and be assured
that l will not again play the fool !,
The Doctors professional indignation
had pretty well burned itself cut by this,
time; SO he took up the case again. & once
IN ,rc gave a prescription. -
In a couple Of days the gentleman was
quite well again; but that glass Of Mrs
Is Cordial cost him twenty dollars.
He is now % little wiser than he was boz
fore: and is very careful as to whose pre-.
scriptions he takes. It would be better
for the health Of tho entire community if
every individual would be as careful in the
same matter as he is now. Those who are
sick should. ere taking medicine. consult
a physician Of skill and experience; but
above all things. they should shun adver-.
tised nostfums, IN the sale OF which the
manufacturers and venders are interested.
Often testimonials as to their efficacy are.
mere forgeries. Health is too vital
thing to be risked in that way.
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18

Advantages Of early training. g.--The fol-
lowing dialogue is reported to have taken
place at the Queens County Assize, be-
tween medical witness and barrister:
5ss
Mr. Hayes (the barrister); 1fa person.
lying on wet straw, were deprived Of all
the comforts or neoessaries Of life, would
it not hasten death?'
Dr.. Edge: That would greatly depend
upon whether he had been accustomed to
them.' -.
Mr.. Hayes: DO you mean to tell 'is
that if a person lived in horse.pond it
would not be injurious to him?'
Dr.. Edge: 4 think not ifhe bad lived
sixty or seventy years in it,
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18
BY E. GILES.
POETRY.
L | + D
A BRIEF HISTORY IN THREE PARTS.
WITH A SEQUEL.

WITH A SEQUEL.
TO A FRIEND ON HIS WEDDING DAY.
PART /. LOVE.
A glance--a thought--a blow
1t stings him to the core;
A qaestion--wil it lay him owl
Or will time heal it o'er2
He kindles at her name
He sits and thinks apart;
Time blow the spark into fame,
Burning within his heart.
He loves it though it burns,
And nurses 1t with care;.
He feels the lisstu pain ty turns,
With hope, and with dispsir!
PART II. COURTsHIP,
Sonnets and sercnades--
Signs, gances, tears and vows
Gifts, tokens, souvenirs, parades--
Smiles, courteses and bows.
A purpose, and a prayer--F
The stars are in The sky
He wonders how ey'n hope should dare
TO let him aim 50 high!
Still hope allures and Aatters,
And doubt Just makes him bold,
And so with passion all in tatters,
The trembling tale is told.
Apologies and bushes
Solf looks,--averted eyes
Each heart into the ether rushes-
Each YIELDS and wins prize.
PART III. MARRIAGE.
A gathering of fond friends
Brief efsolemn words and prayer
A trembling the finger ends,
AS Dunu III Iullu tile SNtol,
Sweet cakc--lsweet wlue--sweet kisses
And so the deed is done!
And now, forall Iife's woes and blisses,
The welded two are one!
And down The shining stream
They launched their buoyant skih,
Full hlest ifthey may trust LIES dream!
But, ah.truth echoes IF!
PART ". THE SEQUEL eff.
lfhealth be frm--if friends be true,
If self be well controlled
If trust be pure--if wants be few,
Ano not too often told;
If reason always rules the heart,
If passion owns its sway,
If love to future life impart
The zest it does to-day;
And oh! iffaith sublime and clear,
The spirit onward GUIDE
Then blest, indeed. and llest for e'er,
The bridegroom and the bide!
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18
From Arthur's Home Gazette.
Taking q Prescription.

buAtho uiltstitPtioh'
Summer before last, at the time when
cholera had poisoned the air, gentleman
of wealth, standing and intelligence. from
one of tho southern or middle States while
temporarily sojourning in Boston, fe,t GER
tain 'rr, monitory symptoms that were
rather alarming, all thin IS considered
So he enquireI Of the ho:el-keepvr where
he could find Il goo physician.
One of your best. said he, with an EN-
phasis in his tones that showed how i'm
portant was the matter in his eyes.
Doe or ---- stands at the head o
his profession in our city, returned th,
hoel.keeper.
Thank YOU will call upon him i'm
mediately,' said the gent, imam, and away
he went.
Tie Doctor, fortunately. as the gentle
man mentally acknowledged, was in his
office. The latter, after Introducing him
self, stated his case with some concern O
manner; when the doctor felt his pulse
looked at his tongue. and made sundry pro
fvssional enquiries.
Your system is slightly disturbed, re
marked the doctor, after fully aseertaining
the condition of his patient; but Ill Civ,
you prescription that will bring all rish
aga n in less than twenty-four hours
And 50 he took cut his pencil and wrote
II brief prescription.
How much am | indebted, Doctor?' en-
quired the gentleman, as he slipped the
= little piece of paper into his vest pocket.
Five dollars for the consultation and
pr, scliption.' replied the Doctor, bowing
Cheap enough If | am saved from ar
attack of the cholera said the patient a:
he drew forth his pocket book and abstrac
ted from its folds the required fee. Hs
then returned to the hotel, and going is
one Of the clerks or bar keepers in the Of
fee, said to him-
i wish YOU would send out and get md
this prescription
Prescription! Why. Mr.. ---, are
YOU sick?' returned the bar-kceper.
I'm no: very we'll was answered.
'Whays the mltter?'
Symptoms Of the prevailing epidemic.
oh! Ah! And you've seen tho doc
tori
Yes
'Who?'
Doctor --.'
The bar-keeper shrugged his shoulders
ns he replied-
Goo physician. None better. That
all acknowledge. Bat, i; you'll let me
prescribe for vou III put YOU all straiyh,
in loubc quick tins
We'll, what will YOU prescribe. Andy?'
said the a,ntl man.
III! preecribe his and as ho spoke he
dr,w r. an, II, the coup.cr hott,. In.
b,ll,1-AIrs. ----'s cordial Take q
yl,ss osibat and you can throw yopr doc
TORS nr.sc,;n,;on into tj,e fra
You sneak confidently, ANDY
/ i do, for | know its virtue
/ The gentleman who had in his hand q
nrcscrinlion for which he had maid FIVE dol.
lars to one Of the most ski)(ul and iudieious
nbvsiciaps in New EnuJand STRANGE rs i,
NAV seem listened ia th;s har heener apd
j. 4. on1 ..,nan, das,ro,od ,ho
~ VIC es1 ' "o'1'' Nes' '" 'Ae pe''C'p
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18
e. The following gem is from Die,

Ey- The following gem is from Dick
ems 'Dombey:'
she died. said Polly. and was never
seen again, for she was buried in the
ground. where the trees grow.
The cold groundr said the child, shud-
dering again.
No! tho warm ground returned Polly
where the ugly little seeds are turned intss
beautiful flowers, and were good people
turn into angels, and fly away to Hsaven
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18

WxlLKRlsx-'Testh inserted hare. as
the bull dog said. when he bit the loafer. =
''Tis false. as the girl said. when hss
bean told her she had bssztiful hair.
The Democratic pioneer. [volume] (Upper Sandusky, Ohio) 1845-1853, 1850-10-18

Beware as the potter said to the lump
ofclay.
Licking 'lasses,,' as the man said when
he whipped the girls
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13
LATEST NEWS.

The story of the Imprisonment of the Ameri-
can Consul at Havana Is not confirmed.
Robert w. Blrnwell has been appointed U.
s. Senator tor South Carolina, III place Of Col.
Eu.ofe deceased.
Col. Benton took very strong ground against
the COMPROMISE bill on Monday.
Liiisi's Lining .4ge ,or June IL, contains arti-
cles selected IRON ive OF the British Reviews
and Magazines-the leading article being on
Theodore Parker OF Boston, from the British
Quarterly Review. For sale by L. P. Walton
q Son.
Central Railroad Sock.-Over two thousand
shares were sold al the brokers n"a.d In Boston
on Monday last, and the Price advanced from
~ - 10 SO IA.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13
Boston Wool Market, June 9.
tfllriales.

Ia Manchester, H. May 81, by Rev. Mr.. Iilo,son,
George w. Hart-hon Eq OF Canaan, W. and Miss Alice
n. daughter Ell Mr.. Jusiah Bean OF krby
Walden, Apr g. by Rev Mir. Under wood OF tardw,cs
NJ Alba. u. Dow and Mss Sally r. Durant, both oil w ai-
den -
Ia Albany 3lth ui, by Rev H. n. Hovey, Mr.. John P.
Manu- .I Montpelier Miss Judith Cuss, III Albany
In Moarpeler 81 instant, by Re, Mr. Putnam, w Z. u
Lucia OF Hon. Daniel Baldwin, all
oil ~ =,
In this village, 5,h instant by the Rev W. H. Lord u
Cbauncey = Eublee to Sarah CLARK, daughter OF br
Charles clark. =.
In Randolph, MAY seth, by Rev :. M"r,is Mr. Corne-
Iiu- kellogg and Mise Jane it-bard, both of X . .
In sst Aoutpeiirr, June 6th by hev Mr.. Buiard Mr.
lanes NJ How of Montpelier, aud Miss NJ l-y Temple
tou al thu former pace.
On the -tl,t by Rev Austin Bazeu OF Bc'lin, Dr.
DAME Bates OF Plaiafeid MIss olive kuss oil barre
In b. Rim June 6, by ev = 1afbeli Nil Paul {. H,d
of Andove, OHIO, uDd Miss Msiish Austn of Berlin.
AT Park HIN, on Tuesday, April .6h, MI William 5
teacher of the Mission Seminary ut Tallahassee
in Ceek Naton Miss Ann Eliza urceser, daugh
of Rev A. Worcester, and late teacher oil Ais
School AT Pax Hill.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13

u Great inducements are offered to the
Country t,ade, to select their prints at the New
England Print Warehouse, Nos. ID q ~, Fear
Sree Boston. The stock is the largest ever
exhibited by any house in the United States,
and purchasers have The privilege Of selecting
by The piece from over Eve hundred sample cases.
New styles daily received from the American
manufacturers, and by every steamer from Eng
land. See advertise lent IN another column.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13
NOTICE.

crious complaint has beer made that young
- persons habit of baIhing the Branch sud RIv
er open view from the dwelling houses, and public
parts The village and hereby
notice persons usndns the n,Gs. TIC
discontinued oth,rwe the Law ui.oa that subJect
will be put requs'ii,n
:. Is. COLBY,
L. J. HUBBAKD, Iags Vi Mou pel,ef.
J. Y. DEWEY,
C. BANCROFT
3w:uoo
Montpelier, June ii. 1850.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13

TEAS AND CorFEE.-All wishing the best az
heles, al satisfactory ices, are referred 70 '"e
advertisement Of tie Men England Tea Com
pany, in this paper. They give their whole at
ilention to this business.-bave large asso't-
ment OF the freshest importstions, and cons'an'-
ly rep.snished, have had long experience ana
vii always sell to the satisfaction OF customers
Or they want them to come again and again. :
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13
MORE NEW GOODS.

SCOTT FIELD have received lafss Addition tlsis
ssesk Ct D1ESS COOS. sch q LiMEr
~ " hise Issds, which thsy viii ED Nv - cssh.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13
Cattle Marlket--June

Brighton Cattle Market--Juuc 9.
Reported for the Daily Advertiser.
At Market $50 Beef C4ftie-20 hs working oxen, ~
cows and calves, 1850 Sheep, and IU75 swine.
About 800 Reef Catlc uusold.
PnrcEs-Beef Cafne -.'Duii' and have declined we
quote Extra S6,z5 first quaIiy S5,51 SO; second 500
$50; third, Si,75 S, -.
Working Oxen--sdies ut 6a. ~ IS, ", n no .
Cows and Caives-Saies al SIs %, 70 IS ~, a.
Sh-ep-smaIi lois n 81. 50 2,25, 81 457
SnIne-Lots Is Il Al fur lie ? lot barrows
Spring pigs still hogs Ia Al retail from IL ~ D.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13
N EW BOOKS.

HUMBOTDTs COSMOS, the Little Savage by Marv-
att, Dickens Househaid Words, ,yomans Friendship
hy Grace Aguaf, I.snartinc Atheism, kaooiah. the
Golden Cn PRODUCTIVITY aud Speculation IN the NInctesnt
Century. Leaves lsook Of Louisiana
Doctor us'rtrd. Eldorado Adventures ia Casfnia
"a boos Greenwood Leaves, (Gracel Abboi,s Hsio
ma. SAKE, Spence longfeow aud Foe's Poems, Fe-ius
Lives OF Mary Martha Washington and variety Of
miscellaneous aud Classical Books just received.
1I+fa E. r. WALTON & SON.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1850-06-13
w. /. Goods and Groceries.
Vermont Central Railroad /!
% @A.R


SUMMER ARRANGEMENT.
I'm and after Monday, Juno Sd Ies0, the Passenger Cara
~ will follows viz
Leave Boston for Burlington daily, SundSys excepted,
via Bo<ton Lnwei Nahua Concord, Northern and VI
Cent roads, A. NJ and II N. Also, via Fitch
hu h, Vernon, & Mass. Cheshire, sullivan Central, at
9 add II N. The ~ 4. NJ. trains viii arrive in
Bur iing,on r. NJ. the same day. the II and l2
NJ. trains morning al l-e A NJ.
Returning, leave Huntington NJ A. NJ. and z r. NJ.
Tor Eo-ion, BY both The above The NJ tram viii
arriv. in Boston r. NJ. dav and The NJ tain
next day 1T I r. ~.
Roh traits each Burlington daily with
The Steamers Lake thamplain; and at Nashua, Feh
hug Gt,ion Ju cton, with trains and from Wor
cester, Mass, and New York City.
Pass ns-rs leaving Montreal af 10 A. NJ and p. VI.
will in Boston al aud r. the day: and in
New York A. NJ. the second nay. Returning, leave
Boston 3 II and I2 A 81. and in Montreal
at 8 , A a. aud r. NJ. the day.
Freight tain. leave Boston and Burlington Daily, Sundays
excrP,ra
n" ehasre will no made for Truckags Wharfage ut
burlington ef.h bstweeh Boston and Burlington, any
part OF the stale 81 Nrw Yoik or the Canadas.
Fer further information Pathfinder Railway Guide.
JAMES MOORE. Eng. Superintendent.
Montpelier Accommodation Train.
cave NcBhf-d at IL r NJ ARRIVAL Of second tfain
Lfrom --toa, aud arrive at M,u,psl.er pr. VI.
Leave Moaipe.icf Mt A. aud Northheld at
= for the Iran % Ro,toa.