The Arkansas banner., 1850-04-23
RrroRr or rnr noN. T. D. KING.

REPORT or THE HON. T. .. KING.
 The report of the Hoa. T. BUrLER kISo, npol
 the condition &e.. of California in accordance wit the instructions Of the Secretary of Ssate is ver
 interesting document. It Is altogether too long fO publication; for ths present ws make such extract from il as seem to bs of particular interest in re gard to the population, climate. sSil. production the general character of grants oflARd from MexleO the extent and eendiion of the public domain. the commercial resources, mineral wealth. Be, of Cali fOrniA, emitting all the arguments of tho Honora, 1 bIe gentleman tn favor of the legitimacy and pro priety of the formation of the State government, and his refntatiou of the insnuaioas of his inter. ference, authorized by the present EKseatiVs, in the matter.
 In relation to ths population, Mir KING says, after reeiting the statistics of HuMsoLT and ALkx- ASDER FoKsEs. celebrated European tourists, as to the number of converted Incians and other inhabi tan1s of Upper and Lower California, up to 1885:
 Al the close of the war with Mexico, 1t was sap. posed that ibere were including discharged Voiun. teeis, from . 10 ff;een thousand Americans asd California; .aslse d converted Indians. m the Territory. Is7migraiioh q American citizens in 1879, np iO he Ist St January as, was esn aied at eighty thoasAnd- -oi foreigners twenty thousand
 The popula'ioa of California may therefore be safely set down at lij,OoO at the commencement Of ihe present year.
 l, IS quite impossible to form any thing like an accurate estimate of the number of Indians m the Territory. Since tae Commencement oi the war and especially stnee the discovery 0f gold in the mountains. their numbers al the missions and m the valleys near the coast have very mach diminished In fact the whole race seems to be rapidly disappear ing.
 The remains Of vast number of villages in all the valleys of the Sierra Nevada, and among the foot hills of that range of mountains, show that at no distant day there must have been a numerous population where theIe is not now an Indian to be seen. There few S,ill retained in he service of the old Caiiofnians, but these do not amount 10 more than a few thousand in the whole Territory It IS said there are large numbers of them in the mountains and valleys about the head waters of the San Joaquin. along the western base of the Sierra and m the northern part of the Territory, and that they are hostile. A number of Americans were killed by them during the las, summer in attempt ing to penetrate high up the rivers in search of gold they also drove one or two parties from Trinity river They have in several instances attacked parties coming from or retnreing 10 Oregon. in the section of country which ihe lane nied Captain Warner was examining when he was killed.
 Ii Is qnite impossible 10 form any estimate of the number ot these m mountain Indians Some suppose T should not be inclined 10 believe iha, there can be one-third oi that hnmoer. II IS qaiie evident that they hostile, and that they ou.h 10 be ehasiisea for the murders already commiited.
 The small bands with whom l met, scattered through the lower portions of the foothills of the Sierra, aud ihe valleys between them and ihe coast seemed 10 be almost oi the lowest grade of human beings. They live ebieay acons, roots, insects, and the kernel of the pune bur-occasionaliy they catch fish and game. They use the bow and arrow, bat said 10 be too lazy aud efennaie 10 make successful hunters They do not appear 10 have the slightest inclination 10 cultivate the soil nor do they attempt ,t--as far could obtain inform ation- except when they ndaced 10 enter ihe service of the white inhabitants. They have never preien- ded 10 held any interest m the soil, have they been treated by the Spanish or American iInlni- grants as possessing any.
 In treating of the climate, NIT. KING gives an ex- position of truly interesting theory, accounting for the absence of rain and dew throughout DOT ton of the year, upon the vast plains of California follows:
 It is wtil-estsblished theory, that the currents Of afr under which the earth passes H its diurnal revolutions follow the line of the suns greatest al traction. These currents of air are drawn toward this line from great distances each side of it aud the earth reyolyes from west 10 east, they bow from northeast and southeast, meeting, aud of course causing c1m, on the line.
 Thus when the sun is directly, in common par lanes, over the equator. in the month of March. thess currents of air blow from Ihe same distance north of the tropie of Cancer, aad south of the tropic or Capricorn, in an obque direction toward this line of the suns greatest attractions and form ing what are known as tho north. east aud south east trade winds.
 As the earth. in it's path rou nd the sun, gradual iy brings the line of attraction north; in summer these currents of air gre carried with it; so that about the middle of May The current from the north east has extended as far the 3Gth~1r 29th degree of north latitude, and by the twentieth of June the period Of inc suns greatest northern ia- elina'on, 10 the northern portions of California and Inc southern section of Oregon
 These northeast winds, in their progress across ths continent. toward the Pacific ocean, pass over the snow-eapPed ridges Of the Rocky mountains and the Sierra Nevada, and of course deprived Of all the moisture which can be extractea from them by ihe low temperature of those regions of eternal snow, and consequently no moisture c,u be precipltated from thcm in the form of dew or raia. iIi higher temperature than that 10 which they have been subjected. fheytheref0re pass ovef the hills and plains Of California. where the tenn perature is very high in summer, iu very dry state, and so far from being charged with moisture, they absorb like sponge. all that the atmosphere aud surface of the earth can yield, autii both be- come, apparently, perfectly dry.
 This process commences, as have said when the line of inc suns greatest attraction comes north in summer, bringing with i, these vast atuosphsric movements, and on their spProach produce the dry season in California, which. governed by these laws. continues until some time after the sun re- passes the equator in September, when, about :he middle of November, the climate being relieved from these northwest currents of air the south west winds set in from the ocean charged with inoisture-the rains commence and continue to fall not constantly, as some persons have repre- senied, but with sufficient frequency to designate the period of their continuance. from about The middle of November until the middle of May, in the latitude Of San Francisco, as the wet season
 IL follows as a matter of course, that the dry seaso1 commences first, and continues ionges, in the Southern portions of the Territory, and that the climate of the Northern part Is influenced in much less degree, by the causes which have men, lioned. than any other section Of the country Con- s-quently. We find that low down ss latitude 39', rains are sufficiently freqaen, in summer to render irrigation quite unnecessary to the perfect maturity of any crop which is suited 10 the soil rN.r