The New York herald., 1850-06-13

Among The short tracts in the appendices is one of
fifty pages in the appendix to the first volume Sc
sjsvery in the United States, with total condem-
nation OF the institution, and plan for It's exnnc-
ton in Virginia. In that work-in that school
that old Virginia school which was taught TO
reverence-l found my principles on slavery, and
adhere 10 them. i concur in the whole essay, ex-
cspi the remedy-gradual emancpation-and 6nd
in that remedy the danger which the wise men
of Virginia then SOW and dreaded but resolved
TO encounter, because il was TO become worse
with hme-the danger TO both races from SO large
an emancipation. The men of that day were not
enthusiasts or fdna,cs;, they were staten
and philosophers, They knew that the eu,s ncna.
ton Of the blacksave was not s,s o,'ss,nn be-
tween master and slave--ot question of property
neIe!-ou' o"-s.ion of white and black-be-
/ WV" Ices; and what was TO be the consequence
I, 10 each race from large emancipation. And
| Pina baked fifty years ago; there the wisdom OF
America balks now. And here | find the largest
objection to the extension of slaveryto planting 1t
| in new regions where it does not now exist-be-
| slowing II on those who have il not. The incu-
rabiily OF The evil is the greatest objection to the
extension Of slavery. Ii IS wrong for the legislator
| 10 infict an evil which can be cured; how much
more 10 inflict one that is ncurabe, and against
the will of The people who TO endure it for ever
| quarrel with no one for supposng slavery bless
| ing; deem 1t an evil, and would neither adopt il
| nor impose il on others Yet ! am STAKEHOLDER,
| and among the few members of Congress who hold
| slaves in this District.
In re fusiDg to extend slavery into these seventy
thousand square miles, act in conformity not only
10 my own long establihsed principles, but also IN
conformity TO the long-estabshed practice OF Con-
| gress. Five times in four years did Congress re-
fuse the prayer Of Indiana for temporary suspen-
sion OF the anf-slavery clause OF the ordinance OF
| 81. On the I'd oi March, ls03, Mr.. Randolph, OF
Roanoke, as chairman OF the committee TO which
the memorial praying the suspension was referred,
made report against II, which was concurred IN
| by the House. This is the report
| THAT the rapid popuistion of the state OF Ohio
sufficiently evinces in the opinion OF your COMMITTEES,
that the labor Is necessary promote the
growth and settlement Of colonies in region That
this labor, demonstraby the dearest OF any can only
be employed to advantage in the cultivation OF pro-
ducts more valuable than any known TO that quarter
OF the United States that the committee deem high
| ly dangerous and inexpedent to impair provision
wisely calculated to promote the happiness and pros
perity Of the northwestern country, and to give
strength and security to that extensive frontier In
the alutary operation of this sagaeious and benevo-
lent restraint it Is believed that the inhabitants Of
Indiana will at very distant day find ample remu
neration for temporary privation OF labor and Of
The report of Mr. Randolph was in 1903; the
| next year, March, 1s04, different report, on the
same prayer, was made by committee, Of which
Mr.. Rodney, OF Delaware, was chairman. IL re-
commended suspension of the anti-slavery clause
| Tor ten years II was not concurred IN BY the
House. Two years afterwards, February, lSO6, a
similar report, recommending suspension for ten
| years, was made by committee, of which Mr..
Garrett, OF Virginia, was chairman; II met the
same fate-non- concurrence. The next year, 1907,
both Houses were tried. In February Of that year.
a committee of the House, OF which MIR. Parke
was chairman, reported in favor OF the indefinite
suspension OF the clause: the report was not
| Cured in And in November of that year, MIR.
| Franklin, Of North Carolina, as chairman Of
committee Of the Senate made report agains; the
suspension, which was concurTed III by the Senate,
| and unanimously, as il would seem from the
| journal, there beingno division called for. Thus
| five times in four years, tho respective houses OF
| Congress refused to admit even a temporary cx-
tension, or rather re-eXtension OF slavery into
Indiana territory, which had been, before the
ordinance OF 81, slave territory, holding
many at Nincennes. These five relusals to sus-
| pend the ordinance Of 81 Were many conflrma-
| ons Of it. All the rest Of the action Of Congress
upon the subject 10 the same effect or stronger
| The Missouri compromise line was curtallnent
oi slave territory the Texas annexation resolutions
were the same the ordinance OF ~ itself, so
often confirmed by Congress, was curtailment OF
slave terrory-n fact its actual abolition Tor II Is
certain that slavery existed in fact in the French set
Elements Of the Illinois at that time: and,that the
ordinance terminated il. ac,, then, in conformity
TO the long, uniformly established policy of Con-
gress, as well as IN conformity 10 lily own princi-
pies, in refusing 10 vote The extension Of slavery,
which the committees line would involve.
Mr.. Benton then proceeded to show that in this
portion Of territory proposed TO I've transferred to
Texas, climate cannot be relied on 10 exclude
slavery. There are two climates there; one hos
tile 10 slavery and the other not. In the southern
hall, climate can be no bar To the introduction OF
slavery; and thus its actual extension into that
quarter becomes the question which the commit
tees bill forces us to facc--and which have
faced
quencc of rasing the question Of the existence Of
slavery by law in the Santa Fc part even of New
Mexico. lftheir line Is a compromise of the Texas
clam, IL admits the right and sovereignty Of Texas
| both above and below, and will involve members
| IN an inconveneni voie-the consequence Of which
| is readily seen.
This is consequence which the committees
| bill involves, and from which there IL no escape
| but in the total rejection Of their plan, and the
adoption Of the line which propose-the longitu-
dinal line OF lO2-whch corresponding with ancient
title and actual possession, avoids the question OF
| slavery in either country which, leaving the po-
pulation Of each untouched, distufhs no interest
and which in splitting the lngh sterile table land OF
the Saked Plains, conforms TO the natural division
at the country, and leaves 10 each natural From
tier. and an ample extent Of compact and homcge-
ncous territory.
mir. u. is warmly in favor OF giving territorial
! governments 70 New Mexico and Utah, believing
| hat they need them, aud are too feeble to form
| State constitutions for themselyes.l
| They need protection. But this bill i not the
being psI into this bill They not only impede Cal
| fornia but thenselves. The conjunction is in
| Jury 10 both. They mutually delay and endaneer
each other. And II j. no argument in favor Of the
junction. TO say that the establishment; Of go-
verI meni for New Mexico requires the previous
settlement Of her Eastern boundary with Texas
That is no argument for tacking Texas. with all
her muliifaiious questions, even 10 New Mexico
|
bic TO settle that boundary, and To- settle IL At once
and for eyer but IL Is not ndspcnsablity to the
creation of government in New Mexico. We
have right to government according to her pos
session; and that we can give her. 10 continue ill
the question of title is decided. The VIA possidefIs
-as ON Iossess-is the principle TO govern, le-
Cislationihe principle which gives the possesser a
right to the possession until the question of title is
decided This principle IL the same both in na-
iions and municipal lsw-bcih in the case Of
citizens or communities Of the same govern
meni, and between independent naiions-
The mode Of decision only is different. Be-
tween INDEPENDENT nations II l. done BY negotiation
or by arms: between citizens or communities of
the same government il is done hy law Indcpea-
dent nations may invade and fight each other Tor a
hOunuaiy; citizens or communities of the same
government, cannot. And the party ths; shall
aticmp, IL commits violation Of law and order:
and the government which permits such violation
IL derelict Of its duty.
have now examined, 30 far as propose TO do IL
on a motion for indefinite posiponemeni. the three
hills which the committee have tackled together
a.. IT, Ns.. A