The national era. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1847-1860, 1850-07-04
WASHINGTON, THURSDAY JULY A. 1850

ated in this respect. That country had long beer
the main prop of the Austrian Empire. There hac
been constitution for length Of time. There
were statesmen, generals, officers, and soldiers
! ready made The Italians in time would hav,
had Just as good ones but certain time was alb
solutely necessary to form them, and TO discover
such as might be most suitable to the various de
partmeDts Of the public service. The first mar
in Europe was already at the head Of the trium
virate The subordinate offices were beginning
to be appropriately filed. As regards their sol
diers, | could not desire to have better material,
out of which to form bsttalions for set down al
a rule, that all those men, after little drilling
will make good soldiers, who take well to the
bayonet. Cavalry, artillery, and officers, take
somewhat longer time to form, though the Italians
have natural f,cilites in this respect Both Italy
and Hungary have acquired some dearly bought
f~r',- p, yas@~-'--.~' W.. ~ ~.-.. 60
II wan De unoer dlnerenI auspices, anu WIN s
common accord.
The correspondent Of the Courier and ERqpirer
Mr. Sigma, should have reflected moment befor,
he compared the state Of affairs in Rome with thu
state Of things In the United States of America
where the struggle for independence is over, AND
where the country has enjoyed many years of peac,
and prosperity Let US consider what was hel
position during her Revolution. At the commence
ment she had good officers ready made. She had
a country to defend, into which an enemy could mo-
penetrate without almost certain destruction, vast
ly different from Italy She had strong foreign
legion in her pay. She afterwards had the direct
support of powerful nation and the good wishes
of some Others besides the sympathy Of strong
party in England itself The transition from her
former to her latter state was not so great diff
ference for personal liberty the laws customs and
municipal institutions suffered but little change
freedom was not to her state unknown. But
with the Italians, liberty was q state for ages
totally unknown and it is, therefore surprising
that no excuses, no abuses occurred Far be il
from to depreciate the noble efforts so success
fully and gloriously made to establish American
Freedom, but I wish, in simple justice that the
extraordinary difficulties and suferings of the
Italians shonld be fairly appreciated Italy, for
ayes dnierA Nn- SsrsoIs Ssfss s-is ..ss,,ss.~
princes, priests, and superstition had TO contend
single handed against the gold and the combined
bsyonets of foreign princes snd sristocrats-
against the subtle ntrigues Of Jesuits and arsto-
Gratis within--and last, though not least against
British diplomacy in the disguise of friendship.
The Republican party at the beginning of the
Revolution, acting upon pure patriotic principles
and having in view the delivery of the country
from foreign oppression, before any ether consid
GRAFTON, sthed its private opinion, TO join in one
common cause against the common enemy II
was only after the destruction Of that sacred
cause, and the abandonment of Lombardy by
Charles Albert that the Republicans came for
ward as the sole remaining chance of retrieving
the hopes of the country; for II being clear thai
the Royalists either could not or would not act,
prolonged seclusion would have been as culpable
as it would have been injudicous for them to have
earlier pushed themselves forward, without havinf
first allowed fair field and every possible assist
ance to the Royalist party in its endeavor to libe
rate the country. Whether the Royalist party il
its turn acted in the same generous manner is
question hardly worth asking since 1t is notoriou
that their creed is Numerically opposed to tn
philsnthropic Republican principle. Monarch,
and Aristocracy being based upon selfshness-
upon the ACKNOWLEDGEMENT of the few to the detri
ment Of the many-they can only maintain thei
positions by fraud, corruption, superstition, In
trigue, physical force, and the ignorance of th
masses. The Republican party had, therefore, I
act under immense difficulties. Not only had
to make head against foreign foes, but at the sam
time TO counteract the insidious efforts Of th
Royalist- esuitical party and of Br
ish diplomacy.
| Peculiar circumstances enabled this engine
act with more than its usual effect for the Britis
Foreign Secretary having, for motives best know
to himself excited and encouraged the Italia
movement, especially in Sicily, the mass of th
population were easily persuaded by false friend
to place reliance in these slippery promises. TIL
experience Of past and present times teaches u
that implicit reliance can be reposed on the goo
faith of nearly every Englishman as privat
gentleman The same experience demonstrate
that no reliance whatever can be placed upon tn
| fait Of noto IN fha ant finn M
as If this disease were approaching crisis, tn
present Foreign Secretary has far surpassed al
his predecessors. Such acts as those of Sicily
Genoa, Parga, used to be scattered over lapse o
| years but the achievements Of Lord PalmerstoI
crowd close upon each other. Scarcely has hi
lordship obtained for England one of her blackes
pages in history through the Oporto tragedy o.
ls47, when he begins to play his tricks in Italy
as IL he considered the millions of human being
mere toys for him to use in gratifying his piqu,
for the Spanish marriages Unfortunate people
| aye, and unfortunate Pamerstoni II to be lore
and minister it be necessary to be devoid o
humanity and of honesty.
The habitual abandonment by the English Cab
met of the various nations or parties compromised
through its instgation, has raised general dis
trust, which affects even the individuals Of the
nation. The whole nation 10 not, properly speak
ing responsible for this, sncei has not universe
suffrage; therefore, only portion Of the people
can by their votes protest against the dishonor
such conduct entails upon their country.
In the limited space Of letter | cannot enter
into the painful details Of the events Of the LON
bard Venetian Revolution of ls4s, or the train Of
disasters brought about by the Piedmontese Cam.
arilla Of the spring Of lS49. ! can only hazard q
few observations, in consequence Of the aoousa-
tions against the people contained In the above
mentioned correspondence Of Sigma. The aristo.
Gratis and Jesuiis have had the advantage Of an
organization which ii has taken ages to perfect
The Republicans had to organize as they pro.
ceeded, 30 that much bad seed scattered by the
Jesuits sprang up with the good seed sown by the
patriots. The Jesuitical enemy could oonspire
and strike in the dark the patriots do not use
suoh means The Jesuitical enemy had and has
inexhsustible funds for every species Of corrup-
ton, while the patriots frequently want that
which Is absolutely necessary for subsistence. Ia
short, all the advautages, one excepted lie on the
side OF the despots that one Is the advantage Of
fighting under the banner Of Reason and Justice !
Reason and Justice cannot be crushed! They
may be prosecuted, gagged, illuminated, compress
ed--but never extinguished. They may be chain
ed, and plunged TO the bottom Of sea of blood,
yet they will buoy themselves TO the surface, ac-
quire fresh purity and brightness from each new
persecution.
This writer cites In his letter certain daughters
Of Popes and Cardinals, who are known to him
to be prostitutes. From these he might certainly
learn some tales Of the profgscy Of the priesthood,
for none could instruct him batter on that head ;
but they are not exactly the 6ttest instructors
upon other subjects This fact however, accounts
for his circulating the same calumnies invented
by the Jesuits against the Liberals, using even
the very words and expression, constantly In the
mouths of the priests. When Citizen Bonaparte
first prostituted the French biyonets in the SER
Woe Of the Pope, such accusations might have
found some persons to give eaIto them but they
wontt do now people In Italy know better; they
know their falsehood, and the motives for which
they were promulgated.
Our author says, further, that "if the French
Intervention had not oocurr Cd jnconstant and I'M
,...s IA L. IL ha