davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
Execution of Prof. Webster.
BosroN, Friday, August 80.

BosToN, Friday, August 80.
Professor Webster has paid the last debt
of nature, and the law is now satisfied
Yesterday afternoon his amable wife and
throo intelligent daughters visited him in his
cell. They parted with that husband and
father, ignorant that they would never see him
again alive Immediately after they left,
guard was placed in his cell, and continued
with him until this morning. He was per-
iectly free in conversation, conlining him
self wholly to moral and religious subjects.
He read the Bible and other books with
great degree of earnestne IS and Sincerity
He conversed and read until IL O'clock,
when he laid down and slept until halepast
four this morning, apparently as sound and
restful as under ordinary circumstances
He frequently spoke of his family and SEEM
ed TO be quite happy TO know that they were
all reigiously inclined. He briefly spoke of
his execution and repeated the passage of
Scripture, " If it be possible let this cup
pass from me, yet, not my will but Thine, o
Lord, be DONE" On arousing from his SUM
bers he engaged in devotional exercises by
prayer and reading of the Scriptures. He
was as calm as the sunny and almost breeze
less morning.
As early rs 5l-2 Mr.. Luther Dunbar.
with posse of some six or eight men, be-
gan the work of erecting the scaffod. Il
wns the same instrument upon which WASH
ington Goode the colored man was executed
in May 1849. 1t was then new and consists
of platform of about fifteen feet square,
raised little higher than ones head, and a
single beam over it rs much higher. In the
center of the platform was trap door, sur
rounded with raised joist frame. A rope
was run through two holes in the beam and
fastened on the post. The moose was .sus-
pended over the trap, which was SO adjust
ed that the executioner might let il fail by
simply placing his foot upon spring fixed
in the floor Immediately in front of the VIC
| tim.
| The scenes around the Jail, upon the tons
Of private dwellings were most revolving =
From the windows and tops of about thirty
houses, the horrid spectacle was witnessed
by men, women and children. There were
about 1876 spectators admitted to the iail
yard by passes from the Sheriff, beside ihe
officers in attendance. At 9l-2 o'cloclt
Sheriff Eyeleth summoned to the rear Office
of the Jail those gentlemen whom he had re-
quested to be present as witnesses, and do
tailed to them the order in which the pro.
ceedings would take place, and expressed
his hope that the utmost quiet and good or
der be maintained, as was consistent with the
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
Western Anli-Slayery Fair.

In tho prosecution Of every reform, It has
means for the accomplishment of the desired
end and amongst these, none have proved
moro efficient than well-conducted Fairs. The
pccuniary results are but a small part Of the
advantages arising thcrcfrom, though they are
often by no means unimportant Various mo-
tives bring together multitudcs to attend them,
of those opposed to the objects in view, as well
as friends to the cause; and thus rare opportu-
mites arc afforded for full, free social discus
sion Of tho desired reform, as well rs for pub
lie addresses in its behalf.
With these facts in view, we the undersigned
women of Ohio have concluded to hold an
Annual Fair in the town of Salem to promote
the cause of Anti-Slavery Every thing in
the political world seems to point out the nc
ccssity for renewed and untiring cxertion in
this most holy cause The distinctions Of Wing
and Democrat are forgotten in the all absorb
ing struggle for the extension of Slavery, and
to all appearances the South will obtain every
thing she asks. We believe large part of the
People of the North arc in favor Of Freedom,
and that many members of the present Con-
gress were elected with the expectation that
they would firmly oppose any extension OF the
curse of Slavery but some have proved to be
voluntary recreants to their trust, and some
have been frightened into submission to the
Slavo-Power. Let us then dedicate ourselves
anew TO the Cause of the Slave. Let us keep
up agitation until tho people shall as ono man
rise up and demand Universal Emancipation
or Exemption from participation in the sin of
holding our fellow-beings in bondage. Many
of us can do but little. Yet let us not hold
back on that account. Some of us arc mothers,
and though few of us can go forth and speak
publicly in behalf of the stricken bondman,
we may yet, by contributing our pittancc in this
way, by mingling with our neighbours, and
pleading as our maternal feelings shall dictate
for the stricken mother in the South, and in
stilling into the minds of those committed to
our care an undying adherence of Injustice and
Wrong, like the drops of rain, which, singly
arc unnoticed and insignificant, by uniting,
change and invigoratc tho aspect of the whole
world.
| We propose holding Fair, commencing the
3lst of December, and continuing through the
following day and We would earnestly invite
all persons, without respect to party or creed,
to lend their aid by sending such contributions as
they can make or procure. The funds arising
therefrom to be devoted to the dissemination OF
Anti-Slavcry TRUTH through the agency of
the Western Anti Slavery Society.
SALLIE b. Cow, M. A. w. JOHNSON,
RACHEL TREscoTT, JANE TREscoTT,
MARIA L. SHAW, LYDIA SHARP,
LAURA BARNABY, SARAH N. MCMILLAN,
ANN PEARSON, M. L. Harris,
MARGARET HIsE, MARY HARRIs,
MANY ALFRED, RUTH ANNA TREscorr,
ELIzABETH DICKINSON, MARY HALLowAY.
HARRIET DICKINSON, AMADA GILLIs,
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
Cloths, CaSsimereS, Tweeds, Vestings,
Summer Cloths, &c. &c.

THE subscriber has on hand at his store one
door West of the Salem bookstore, Salem, o.,
a general assortment of Materials for Mems
Clothing, which he will be glad to make up to
order, or sell by the yard, to those who may
want them.
Also good supply of READY MADE CLoTHINo.
such as Coats Vests, Pantaloons, Shirts, Collars.
Bosoms, Cravats, &c. SC.
Every exertion will be made to furnish those
who may purchase the "ready made" or leave
their measure and orders, the right kind of gar
ments at the right kind of prices. -
JAMES BARNABY.
Salem, juno LIST, 1850.
N. b. TAnoRNa BUSINESS in all its bran
ches carried on as heretofore. J. b.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
AGENTS FOR THE BUGLE.

OHIO.
New Garden-D. L. g albrcath and 1. johnson
Columbiana-Lot Holmes.
Cool Springs-Mahlon Irwin.
Bcrlin-Jacob H. Barnes.
Marlbero'-Dr. X. @. Thomas.
CanRcld--John Wctmore.
Lowellville-Johr Bissell.
Youngstown. s. Johnson.
New Lyme--Marsona Miller.
Selma--Thomas Swayne.
Springboro' Thomas.
Harveysburg-V. Nicholson.
Oalland-Elizabeth Brooke.
Chagrin Falls--S. Dickcnson.
Columbus-W. w. Pollard.
Goorgetown--RuthC Cope.
Bundysburgh-Alcx. Glenn.
Farmington--Willard Curtis.
BATH. b. Lambert
Ravenna--Joseph Carroll.
Wilkesville-Hannah L. Thomas.
Southington--CalebG Greene.
Mt Union-Joscph Barnaby.
Malta-Wm. Cope.
Richdeld-Jerome Hurlburt, Elijah Poor.
Lodi-Dr. Sill.
Chester ID Roads-Adam Sanders.
Paincsvillc-F. MeGrcw.
Franklin Mills-Isaac Russell.
Granger--B. Hill.
Hartford--G. w. Bushnell and w. ]. Bright
Garrettsville-A. Joiner
Andovcr-A. G.. Garlick and J. +. Whitmorc
Achortown-A. g. Richardson.
East Palcstino-Simon Sheets.
Grangcr-L. s. Specs.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Pittsburgh Vashon.
Newborry; ]. NJ. Morris.
INDIANA.
Winchestcr-Clarkson Puckct,
Economy-Ira G. Maulsby.
Pcnn-John L. Michoner.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14

THE Cow MILKER.--It consists of a small
rubber case, some four inches long, in the
shape of teat, in which is inserted silver
pipe, the aperture of which is closed by a
wire. One end of the pipe is inserted in the
teat, and the case drawn ofer it like glove,
the case being kept in its place by an elastic
strap. Having prepared all the teats, the
pail is placed in position, and the wires with
drawn, when four streams deliver themselves
with force that beats fire engine. The
COWS are said to be fond of this scientific
milking, and it is also said that vicious milk
ers have been quite subdued by it. Il costs,
or set of four mixers, two and half dol
ears, and is certainly rather curious.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
From the Spirit Messenger.
What's True Worship!
by HENRY d. BARRON.

What's true worship? Organs pealinge
Priestly forms in silence kneelings
Vespers through the twilight stealingf
Glittcring spiress
Solemn temples and altar fires
Sculptured columns and classic arts
Sweet incense burned as day departs,
With fcrvid prayers and freezing hearts;
Proud souls unbents
Forms PROSTATE low and garments rent,
Rich gems and gifts to altars brought,
Or solemn rites in temples wrought
By those whose prayers and praise are bough
Censcrs wavingi
Superstition, man enslavings
What's true worshipi win God alono
Such soulless rites of worship owns
Can these for sin and crime atonei
Nay, It's not sol
My heart and Heaven answer, No.
A loving humble heart to show,
To wipe away the tears of wo,
To wipe away the tears of wo,
That all along life's pathway flow;
Say--Say, will not these
Far more the God of spirits plcasei
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
MON s. Err 5 ON, T. NJ. I

ba
TTAVING located in SALEM, Col. Co.
IlOhio, respectfully tenders his services to
those who may wish instruction in the German,
French, Italian or Latin Languages, or in
Drawing, Drafting or Painting.
Commodious recitation rooms have been Sc
cured.
TERMS.
For course of twenty lessons, the Ger
man, French and Latin Language each, $500
Drafting, 1925
Drawing, embracing Perspective, Land
scapes, Human figures, &C., LES
Painting, Pastel and Water colors, 500
4" Oil, 400
For Terms of Elcpcn Weeks,
The German, French and Latin Lam
guagcs, each 500
Painting, Pastel and Water colors, 600
For Italian, reasonable charge will be madc.
E4-He has made an arrangement with Will
liam M Claim to give instructions in the Ger
man, French and italian Languages, and also
in drawing, Drafting and Painting to such Of
the students of Salem Institute as may wish to
pursue these branches at q moderate extra
charge.
July 22d, 1860.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
The Hearts Charity.

A rich man walked abroad one day
And poor man walked the selfsame way,
When pale and starving face camo by
With pallid lip and hopeless eye,
And that starving face presumed to stand,
And ask for bread from the rich mans hand
But the rich man sullenly looked askance,
With gathering frown and doubtful glance.
Z" / have nothing" said he, "to give to you,
Nor any such rogue Of canting crew;
Get work, Get work l know full well
The whining lies that beggars can tell
And he fastened his pocket, and on he went,
With bis soul untouched and his conscience
content
Now this great owner of golden store
Had built church not long before,
As noble fame as man could raiso,
And the world had given him thanks and praise ;
And all who beheldit lavished fame
On his Christian gift and godly name.
The poor man passed, and the white lips dared
To ask of him if a mite could be spared;
The poor man gazed on the beggars check,
And saw what the white lips could not speak.
| He stood for moment but not to pause
| On the truth of tho tale, or the parish laws.
lie was seeking, to givc-though it was but
SMALL
For apcnny, single penny was ALL
But he gave it with a kindly word,
While the warmcst pulse in his breast was stir
rcd
Twas a tiny seed his Charity shed,
But the white lips got taste of bread,
And the bcggar's blessing hallowed the crust
That came like spring in the desert dust.
The rich man and the poor man died,
As all of us must, and they were tried
At the sacred Judgment scat above,
For their thoughts of evil and deeds of love.
The balance of Justice THERE was true,
And fairly bestowed what fairly was due,
And the two fresh comers through Heavens
gate
Stood there to learn their eternal fate.
The recording angel told of things
That fitted them both with kindred wings;
But as they stood in the crystal light,
Inc pluincs OF inc Ilcn nun grow lcsS DrlBnt.
The angels knew by that shadowy sign,
That the poor mans work had been most divine
And they brought the uncrring scales to sec
What the rich mans falling off could be.
Full many deeds did the angels weigh,
But the balance kept an even sway;
And at last the church endowment laid
With its thousands promised and thousands paid
With the thanks of prelatcs by its side,
In the stately words Of pious pride,
And it weighed so much that the angels stood
To sec how the poor man could balance sucl
good.
A cherub came and took his place
BY the empty scale, with radiant grace,
And he dropped the penny that hadfc
White starving lips with q crust of bread.
The church endowment went up with the beam
And the whisper of the Great Supreme,
As he bcckoned the poor man to his throne,
Was heard in this immortal tone
"Blcssod are they who from great gain
Give thousands with q reasoning brain,
But holier still shall be his part
Who gives ono coin with plying heart
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
STUDENTS.

sirous of studying Anatomy and Physiology, or
of entering upon course of Medical Studies,
under my instruction, that have made some
important additions to my facilities for demon
stration since the last term. / would also an
nouncc that the next term will commence on
the first Monday of October.
Those expecting to attend will please be par
ticular in making their arrangements to be pres
ent by the time, as from doferring it long after
wards will arise many disadvantages.
Marlboro, July 10, 1850.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
VOL. 6.
ANTI-SLAvERY BOOKS II

THE following are for Sale at the ga
LEM BooKsroRE.
Jays Review of the Mexican, War.
The Young Abolitionists, by =. E. Jonr
Liberty Bell,
Douglass Narrative.
Browns DO.
Browns Anti-Slavery Harp. s
Archy Moore.
Slavery illustrated in its effects upon We
man.
Despotsm in America.
Church as il is, the forlorn hope Of sls
very. W
Brotherhood of Thieves.
Shareholders Religion.
War in Texas.
Garrison's Poems
Pierpont's Poems
Phillis Wheatley's Poems.
Condition of the People of Color.
Legion of Liberty.
Liberty.
Madison Papers.
Phillips Review Of Spooner.
Disunionist.
Moody's History Of the Mexican War.
Letters and Speeches of Geo. Thompson.
And various other Anti-Slavery Books
Pamphlets. Also a variety of other Re-
form publications; such as
Equality of the sexes, BY Sarah M.
Grimke.
Mays Discourse on the Rights and Condi
ton of Woman.
Autobiography of II. G. Wright.
James Boyle's letter TO Garrison.
Pious Frauds, Pillsbury.
Health Tracts.
Water-Cure Manual
Female Midwifery.
N. p Rogers Writings.
Theodore Parker's Sermons.
Ballou's Non Resistance. r
George s. Burleigh's Poems.
&c. &c. &c.
Also General assortment oiBooks,
Miscellaneous, Scientific and Literary.
BARNABY g. WINERY.
August 81, 1S49.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14

LANGUAGE OF NATURE. Is there no
Morse, TO make the shadow of tree work
like pen in the suns hand, and keep a
diary as il goes round--to make breeze tell
what il reads, as il turns over the leaves in
the forest--to take down tho meanings of
Nature, aud write words" for the eternal
"airs with accompaniments given us by
the winds and running brooks. What do
you suppose the angels think, of our knowl-
edge OF what is about us ? l shall be sur
prised, hundred years hence, if do not
look back upon the world, and find that we
have walked il like flies in library--com-
placently pbilandering over the backs of
of volumes of secrets for which our poor
buzz contained no articulation IN. II. WIZ
Ids.--Iiome Journal.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
SEWING SILK.

MERCHANTS, Pcdlars and others can OBJ
tain good supply Of very superior quality OF
SEWING SILK, of all degrees and colors, either
in packages or 100 Skein Bundles by calling at
tho SALEM BooKsToRE, Salem, Ohio. Also
PATENT THREAD, Warranted as good
and as cheap as the country can produce.
We are in the constant receipt of these agti-
cles. and for cash will sell them as above stated
at the very lowest rates possible. f
BARE4ABY g. aWHINERY.
june /, 1850.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
/. TRESCOTT & CO.---SaIen, Ohio,

WHOLESALE Dealers in School, Miscella-
ncous and Moral Reform Books Paper, Ink,
and Stationery; Drugs and Medicines, Paints,
Oils, and Dyestuffs DIR. Townsend's Celebrated
Sarsaparilla; Fahnestock's McLanes and Sell
ler's Vcrmifuge and Pills and all the Popular
Medicines of the Day.-ALSo,
BOOTS s SHOES, and Shoe Findings; Dry
Goods and Groceries, &c. &c. Aug. 8, 80.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
Thc Young AboIitionist /,

OR Conversations on Slavcry-By ]. Eliza
beth Jones. We have purchased tho edition Of
this book and can supply such as may wish to
purchase at wholesale. Those in paper can bo
sent by mail, price 20 cts, Muslin 20 cts, per
copy. !. TRESCOTT, Co,
August 10, 1850.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
NEW LEATHER STORE,
MAIN ST., NEAR THE BANK, SALEM, O

THE Subscriber offers for SALE Upper Leather.
Calfskias, Sole and Harness Leather, Morocos
and Binding Skins; Also, all kinds of Shoe
Leather cut to pattern. E. ELDRIDGE.
Aug. l, 8 mo-, 1880.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
Anti-Slavery Songs |!

WE have about 1900 copies of our selection
of Anti-Slavery Songs on hand, which we will
sell Wholesale and Retail; orders from dis
tanco shall be promptly attended to.
Aug. 10, l85O.] i. TRESCOTT, & Co.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
Dental Surgery.

J. w. WALKER, would announso to his
friends, and the public generally, that he is pre-
pared to execute all work in the above profess
sion, that may be intrusted to him.
New Lyme, Aug. 18th, 1850.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14
THE ANTI-SLAVERY BUGLE.

solemnity of the occasion. He hoped that
he should not hear any loud talking, not
voice during the progress of the proceed
ings.
From the Jail office, the Sheriff, support
ed by his Deputies proceeded to the prison
ers cell, followed by the witnesses, where
an impressive and eloquent prayer was offer
ed by Rev. Dr. Putnam. No other services
were held. The prisoner, during prayer,
wos in his cell in kneelng position.
After prayer we had an opportunity to see
Professor Webster in his cell We had not
looked upon him since the day he was sem
fenced. He was greatly altered for the bet
ter. We never saw a more healthy looking
man than he appeared to be. His counte-
nance was much more pleasant than when
he was upon his trial.
Shortly after, at 9. 20 o'clock, High Sher-
if Eveeth, attended by Deputies Coburn,
Freeman and Rugg, Mr.. Andrews, the Jail
er, MIR. Holmes, the Turnkey, and the pris-
oner, accompanied by DIR. Putnam came out
and assembled the platform of the scaflod, the
prisoner taking his position upon the drop.
DR.. Putnam Immediately entered into eur
nest conversation with Prof Webster, and
continued to do so through the reading of
the Governors warrant by the Sheriff. and
until Jailer Andrews stepped forward to
pinion the legs of the prisoner, when the
Doctor shook Rev. Mr.. Putnam affection
ately by the hand bade him a final earthly
farewell, expressing at the same time the
hope that they should meet agnin in Heaven.
The prisoner was dressed in a black suit, ap-
parently the same clothes that he wore du-
ring his trial.
Deputy Sheriffs Rugg and Freeman adj
iusted the rope at just 25 minutes to ten
o'clock. Before the cap was drawn over his
eyes he shook hands with jaier Andrews
Mr. Holmes, and last with the Sheriff and
thanked them for their kind treatment to
him.
Sheriff Eveleth then said;
"In the name of the Commonwealth oI
Massachusetts, and in accordance with the
Warrant of the Chief Executive, now, be-
fore these witnesses, proceed TO execute the
sentence of the law upon John w. Webster
convicted at the March term of the Su-
preme Judicial Court, of the murder of DR.
George Parkman."
This said, the Sheriff placed his foot up
on the fatal spring, and in an instant more
the victim was launched into eternity. lie
gave several struggles and all was over.
After remaining some thirty minutes, Drs
Stedman and Clark pronounced the body
lifeless, when it was lowered into black
coffin, and conveyed back into the same
cell, where, in the full vigor of manhood, il
had but short period before trod. 1t will
be delivered to the family this afternoon
and without much ceremony be buried al
Mt. Auburn, in the family vault. Thus far we
have no knowledge that there exists any 9th
er confession than the bare statement which
he has repeatedly made, that the law OF
Capital Punishment was right, and that he
was Justly subject of il.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1850-09-14

UMBRELLAS TO LET.-The omnibus prin-
ciple, applied 10 umbrellas, is the last new
shape of livng-getting in Paris. AS those
know, who have passed summers in the
French capital, there are crowded thorough
fares, between populous portions of the city,
which are exposed to unmitigated sun. The
square Court of the Louvre, the Place du
Carrousel, and the Place de Ia Concorde,
aud the various bridges across the Seine, are,
to the passenger, like the hot shovel 10 the
rolling pea, From eleven in the morning to
four in the afternoon, to cross these heated
pavements under a broiling sun, is the tor
rid zone in one realizing idea. Hence has
arisen, recently, the new industry of umbrel-
la-letting. On either side of these hot pla-
ces the passenger is offered an umbrella 10
The other side, for one penny, with man to
follow. Ii is not mentioned in the French
paper, by the way, whether the human be-
ing whose company is thus "thrown in"
carries the umbrella over your head without
extra charge, and, in that case, whether he
also "throws in" conversation on the way.
If SO, stranger in Paris might take penny
lessons IN French, combined with his daily
exercise, and pick up much valuable infor-
nation, at the same time. Really, there is
no end to new economies Home Journal.
Oxford Democrat. [volume] (Paris, Me.) 1833-1933, 1850-10-15
COLOMBIAN UNIVERSAL
Strengthing Plaster.

toSs rRtTp. rrsrTp Nv rHousANn', uNiNFE'
,,tIY rRoNoUNCTD UNEINALLED, AND
UNTqCALLID.
THESE PLASrERS viii h. iand a cure toe
,c,k,e.. or an,enc., in the back. si,ie "r siom-
sch. and all RA,sa,ais if'r'gT', htisb''i D''i'"g
p.,r.. g., in the linbs back side "r sionnrh /;
and lr al purposes where plaster i necded' they
has. no superior, II indeed an equal. ,,
n, wearing upou the breast of Stomach lheN WIZ
b. found 20 uiird rrcat rclie In a case' OF pain OF
,,ene.. Of the s1ssi aud iHag' occasion"d 10y neg
beet or protractcd colds and cOughs.
They are beautifully ,ptsad on Prcpared cloth, at
., cent, each, and may H. worn without 'econ'en-
.,,r, l,r long time. Ifthcy sroo'nc ~rinsled "p'
,hcy ma, h. taken OIL cl,an,cd ol ,w.si and dust
and again put on. add thu. worn TOT IRE o. ."
,1gHib' At time .L..l ~.
In prsparina the plaster to PIT on, u 'h"nld %"
n. ms,ly rarsoi, lat should L. c'"p'G"y H'"'d'
\, bold,nr the hack Ut the plaster over The me-
Sold by Agents generally. thfo"gh"s' lho '"I".l
and h, ]. n. HhsNoSD, PHrisi A. fiLLp' hVsi
YoUSG. South Psrs a,
JF.h. e, lso.