The New York herald., 1850-01-17

whole campaign Of this yearsP stated not to ex-
The Hamburg Borsnhaile Of the 18th December
Just received, states that intelligence had reached
the Polish frontier, the lh, TO the effect that
widely ramlfed conspiracy, which had its centre
in Moscow, and the ann offwhlch was to over
throw the present Russian dynasty, had just been
brought to light. Parties in 81. Petersburg were
At the head OF the conspiracy, OF which it was
stated several members Of the senate were also
coenizant. From intercepted papers It appears
that on the next celebration Of the (Russian) New
Years day, an attempt was to have been made
upon the person of the Emperor. The discovery
has caused the more anxiety to the government
from the fact that all the cons spirators, who
have as yet been discovered, belong TO the
upper ranks, and TO the national proprietary
body. The Poles seem not To have forgotten
the disastrous results which have always followed
their mixing themselves up with any political
movement on this account II was, that the go
vernment lately reduced TO a much smaller num-
Der the army corps which have tor some time past
garrisoned Poland, and Il is thought that the
cent withdrawal Of the guarde corps from that
country, has been caused by apprehen slons of the
conspiracy just discovered. A very peremptory
ukase has made It's appearance, requiriag all Rus.
sian subjects who are at present In foreign coun-
tries, to return quickly possible TO their
homes, and threatening to con6scate the entire
property OF all those whe fail to comply with this
Injunction.
Interesting from Saxony-The Position of
that Kingdom In the German struggle.
The position Of The little kingdom OF Saxony, to
which we cursorily alluded the other day by way
of exemplfyng the peculiar difficulties and divl-
sions of the Germanic Confederation threatens TO
sian government and of the other German monar-
chies. 1t now stated, apparently from authority,
that the Saxon government has made a direct and
formal application for military assistance to the
Court OF Vienna, in case the political condition OF
Dresden and Leipzig should appear to menace the
tranquility OF tie State and the safety OF the
crown. The corps of the Austrian army quartered
on the frontiers of Bohemia and Saxony has been
raised to e, 600 men, with large supplies of ammu-
milton and rocketbattery, under the command of
the Archduke Albert They have received orders
to cross the frontier at the first summons and the
shortest nouce, and their commanding officer has
held personal conference with the authorities in
Dresden. In the mean time the language Of the
Saxon Chambers Is hostile, and the government
stands perplexed between the twof0ld dangers OF a
popular outbreak and the assistance of too power
ful confederate. IL chooses the least of several
evils, no doubt deeply regretting the hardship OF
times SO unfavorabe to the peace and lndepen-
dence OF small States called upon to defend them
selves against great dangers.
The chief importance OF this state OF affairs Is Its
direct effect the course which Prussia has lrre
vocably pledged herself to pursue IN Germany: 1t
will be remembered that, on the occasion Of the
violent insurrecuon OF the democratic party In
Dresden, Prussian troops marched with great
promptitude TO the support OF the Saxon army,
(Which had itself been weakened by an absurd ex-
pedlton into Schleswig, al the very moment when
1t was most wanted at home,) and that, after the
tranquility Of the Saxon capital had been re-esta
blshed under martial law, Prussia availed herself
of the influence she owed mainly TO the fears and
the weakness OF her ally TO extort from Saxony her
assent to the treaty of the 26th of May for the
adjustment OF a North German Separate League.
Like the companions Of Ulysses, in the |" Odys-
sey," the minor princes ot Germany had found
themselves rescued from the flood, only to be de-
voured at leisure by their preserver. Saxony and
Hanover have never ceased to struggle against
the terms of a compact which was imposed
upon them partly by the revolutionary move
ment in their own dominlons, and partly by the
national movement which Prussia was labonng
TO turn 10 her own aggrandizement. These
States have found the support they required in
Austria, Bavaria, and Wurtemberg; and If Prus-
sa eniorces the terms of that agreement, it can
only be by employing the popular force which
she is about to rekinde at Erfurt against all
the leading German governments. Te Prus-
sia, aspiring, as she now does, to effect a great
change In her own condition at the expense OF her
neighbors-to Germany-and even to Europe, the
destruction of these little States may not be sub
ject Of alarm or regret; but to themselves 1t Is
matter Of lite and death, and though we may be
Indifferent; to the fate Of these petty sovereigns we
cannot forget that some OF them are powers OF the
second class, that all Of them have an historical
character, and that the extinction Of so many inde-
pendent and sovereign States Is complete subver-
SION and violation Of an important chapter in the
public law OF Europe. In the change itself We see
little that is of much interest TO any but the parties
concerned; but the means by which that change
may be effected, and the means which may be EN-
ploysd to resist II, are ot vital consequence to
the general peace. We are told by an authority
which ought TO know what il says, that nothing Of
the general peace" remains worth contending Tor,
and we are reminded Of the partition Of the king
dom Of the Netherlaads, which gave the first con-
siderable blow to the treaties Of 1915. But that
transaction is one which especially demonstrates
the advantages Of eiiecting such changes by lawful
negotiation and general agreement. The separa-
NJ Re frou nd Va n rcd
ration, and II has perfectly answered. We draw
a broad distinction between such act as that
assenied TO by all the powers, and such an infrac-
ton OF the treaty OF Vienna by the arbitrary will OF
certain Of those powers as the extinction OF the
independence OF Cracow.
No one contests the entire right Of the members
Of the Germanic Confederation 10 remodel and I'M
prove that league. The 18th article OF the final Act
Of 1920 expressly provided that
"Ths right Of completing and developing the funda-
mental compact when the object which IL has In visw
confederation. Nevertheless, the resolutions TO be
taken for that purpose can neither be In
With the Primitive character Of the upion'n And il
further provided BY the 14th article that In ell
that relates to organic Institutions, the foundations
and sesenal dispositions Of the plans presented With
view to their reform be adopted BY the ful
sembly Of States, and By unsninity."
Such, therefore, are the terms on which such
changes can alone be lawfully effected.
The ministers OF the hing OF Saxsny have
learned by recent experience that although IL may
be convenient, end even necessary, Tor them TO
have recourse TO the assistance of a powerful
neiRhbor, yet that when such assistance comes
from Berlin il is accompanied by demands tending
to impair the independent sovereignty Of the Saxon
Crown. The King Of Saxony has declared that
Austria and Prussia are both Of them his confede-
rates and allies, and that he makes no difference
between them; nor, indeed, by the acts OF ISIS and
Is20 10 there any sucn difference. But II the Prus-
sian policy prevailed, very material difference
would arise, since Saxony would be bound TO
Prussia by the strongest bonds Of identity, though
she is only united to Austria by the terms Of a
league which Prussia regards as practically obso-
lete. On the strict legal ground on which the
Saxon cabinet appears TO have taken its stand, II
has Just the right TO call in Austrian assist
snce now az II had to call in Prussian assistanc-
when half Dresden was in the hands Of the mob.
Strictly speaking, such intervention ought TO be
made BY order of the Diet, but IN the absence Of
the Diet Berlin acted, and 80 may Vienna. II Is
impossible to deny the right Of every German GO
vernment to put itself under the protection of the
federal troops, though II would be the duty Of the