Southern shield., 1850-05-11

dence of the Philadelphia North American
 WASHINGTON, April 2l.
 At length, have the pleasure of announc. ing that the treaty with Great Britain fol the settlement of all the embarrassing and complicated questions in Central America is concluded, and was signed yesterday by Sil Henry BulWer and the Secretary of State on behalf of their respective Governments Thus are the negotiations which have oc- cupied the attention of Gen. Taylor and his | Cabinet ever since they came into power happily ended, and under circumstances which not only reflect the highest credit on the Administration, but which, in future results, will confer more permanent and extensive advantages upon the country than any diplomatic achievement since the foun- daton of the Government. The treaty, together with the accompanying correspon- dence, will doubtless be communicated to the Senate in few days, and the public will soon have the opportunity of under standing all the conditions in detail, and the difficulties which have had to be encoun- tered and overcome in bringing this great work to successful termination.
 Without pretending to possess any better authority than that derived from the state- ments of the diplomatic circles and the representations of distinguished individuals ot both parties in Congress, who, from the nature of their official positions, have had access to the information, 1 will undertake to present some of the leading features of the convention which has just been con- cluded.
 In the first place it secures, beyond all per-adventure, the construction of ship canal connecting the two oceans-a project which has been entertained for three hun dred years, without ever before approach ing near practical consummation. Great Britain guaranties protection and neutrality jointly with the United States, and this guaranty will be the means of enlisting her capital and cooperation, without which the communication could never be opened. It stipulates that Great Britain shall not occupy, colonize, settle, or fortify, or exer- else jurisdiction in any part of Central America or on the Mosquito coast, by which the possessions acquired under the alleged protectorate to the King of Mosquito must necessarily be relinquished, and all claims and pretensions under cover of that affirmed right, or any other, must be abandoned. It lberates Central America entirely and absolutely from British thradom, es- tablshes a republic in its fullest and broad est sense, where the name has heretofore only existed, and attaches the States com posing it 10 this Government by the strong ties ot gratitude, duty, and interest.
 It requires all nations that desire 10 enj oy the use of the canal to pay equal tolls, and to unite in the guaranty of protection, one against another, by which means the United States will be saved the expense of main taining a naval force to prevent interter- ence with their rights.
 It insures the protection of Great Britain for any other route or connection between the two oceans, which may hereafter be obtained or negotiated by this government outside of it's jurisdiction; an object which the last administration sought to accomplish in regard to Panama, but failed in efecting
 It re-establishes the great American prin- ciple, which Mir. Polk and his cabinet abandoned, that no foreign power shall colonize and settle on this continent; and it re-establishes it in form more substantial and durable than was ever before attempted
 It is treaty intended to promote the great objects of commerce and civilization; to open highway by which ten thousand miles ot dangerous navigation may be saved; by which produce and merchandise may be borne from the Atlantic to the Pacific without transhipment; by which our Pacific possessions may not only be retained, but brought into close and constant connections; and by which a new era in the commerce of all Asia will be opened and their abun- dant treasures poured into the lap of our people.
 These are some of the prominent features ot this most important arrangement of a treaty which will do moresto change the direction of commerce and to build up the prosperity of the United States than any event which has happened since the Decla- ration of Independence. 1 have reason to know from leading members of the opposi- tion that the negotiations are regarded with unqualified favor, and that the labors and statesmanship of the Secretary of State are the theme of unmixed commendation -co~~~~>~D>~~~~>~o~~o~r~o~~
 DT The Washington correspondent oi the N. Y. Express explains the cause of the opposition of the New York Herald to the administration of Gen. Taylor. He says: Application was made to the government not long after this administration came into power, for the advertisements for proposals for Navy Supplies on behalf of the New York Herald. When the matter came be- fore the Cabinet the application was prompt
 y and unanimously rejected. Mr. Brega | author of tho Rra0a attprc afterwards at