The Athens post. [volume] (Athens, Tenn.) 1848-1917, 1850-08-16

| licences. and his posse be too powerful tf
he resisted, by the local civil authorities
such seizure or attempt TO selze is to be pre-
vented or resisted by the authority Of the
United States.
The grave and important question now
arises. whether there he in the Territory I"
New Mexico any existing laws OF tts un'
ted States, opposition to which. or tie OBJ
slruction Of which. would constitute CASE
calling for The In'erpoSilion Of the authorI
~ vested IN tho President,
Tn" Constitution uf the United STATES
declares that "tlis constitution. and tn
avs Of the United States which shall be
made IN pursuance thereof, md all trelli',
made, or winch shall hr made, under the
authority OF the United States. shall BE- the
supreme law Of the land" If. therefore.
New McXic, be q Territory Of the United
States. and II any treaty stipulation BE- III
force therein, such treaty stipulation Is the
supreme law Of tie land. and is to be main
tanned and upheld accordingly.
In the letter 10 the Governor OF Texas
nv reasons are given for believing that
New Mexico is unw Territory Of the UNI
ted States. with the same extent AMI the
same bouuiares winch belonged 10 II <hi''
IN the nctua possession Of the kcpu'lc 81
Mexico, ant before the ATE wsr. IL thF
ssrlv part Vt tha, MAR both Cahtnrrs snt
NV Mexico were conquered BY the arms
Of he UNITED States. spd were ~ ~ ml'i.
tav possession If the United States - tie
date OF he treaty of pace. BY lhst Hsa'y
the nile Of conquest was confirmed. and
these Territories, Provinces. or Departments
separated from Mexrc" forever; and by the
same treaty certain important rights and
securities were soiemnly guaranteed TO the
inhabirants residing therein.
By the fifth article Of the treaty II 10 de-
clsret TINT,
1.-The boundary line between the two re.
publcs >hai commence IN The Gulf OF Mex.
leo three leagues from land. opposite the
mouth of The Rio Grsnde, otherwise called
The Bro Bravo del Norle. or opposite the
mouth OF its deepest branch. if it shon'n
have more than one branch emp'ylng di-
reclly into the sea; from thence, up the
middle of that river. following the deepest
enamel. where it has more than one, to the
point where 1t strikes the Southern b"unda.
~ Of New Mexico: thence westwardly.
along the whole Southern boundary ct New
Mexico (w hich runs north Of the town ca il'
ed Paso) to it. western iernination; thence
north ward, along the western Enc OF New
Mexico until it iniersecis the first branch
Of the river GiIa; Cor if it should not inter
sect my branch of that river, then 10 the
point on the -aid line neares, to such
branch. end thence in a direct line to she
.ame:) thence down the middle OF the said
hranch and Of the said river. until it emp
ties INTO the Rio Colorado; thence across
tho RIO Colorado, following the division
line between Upper and Lower California.
to the Pacific ocean,"
The eig'h article Of the treaty is in the
following terms:
"Alexcans now established in territories
previously belonging to Mexico, and which
remain for the future within the limits OF
the United States. as defined D. the present
reaty. shall be free to c0ntinu" where they
now reside, or to remove at ehy time to the
Mexican republic retaining the property
which they possess Ia the said Territories.
.r dIsprsing thereof. end Resolving the pro-
cePds wherever they please. Hilhout their
being subjected on this account to ury con-
'ribntion. tax, or charge whatever.
"rhose who shall prefer to remain in the
said Territories may either retain III" ti'!"
and rights Of Mexican citizens or acquire
those of he United States. But they shall
be under the obligation to make their cleo
,i"n within one year from the date Of the
Exchange Of raiitica,,"ns OF this treaty; and
ho,e who shall remain in the said Terrific.
rIcs after the expiration OF that year. wlth-
OUT having declared their intention to re.
tain the character Of Mexicans, shall be con.
sldprcd Ia have elected ~ become citizens
Of the United States"
"ln the said Territories, property Of ev'
cry kind now belonging to Mexicsns moi
Established inere shall be inviolakly rpsprc-
ted. The present owners, the heirs Ofthese
and all Mexicans who may hereafter acquire
said property by contract, shall enjoy will
respect to 1t guarantees equally ample as il
the same belonged tO citizens at the United
States"
The ninth article Of the treaty is in these
| w"rds:
"The Mpxicans whL, in the Territories
af"resnId, shall not preserve the character
Of cIl,zens Of the Mexican republic conform
ably with what Is stipulated in the proceed
ing article, shall he incorporated into The
union Of the United States. and be admit.
ted at the proper time q" be judged Of BY
the Congress Of The United SIsles) to the
pnjo, ment Of all the rights of citizen. of the
United States, according to the principle
Of the cOnstitutInn: and. in the mean time
shall be maintained and protected in th'
free enjoyment Of their liberty and pros
perity, and secured in the free exercise o
their religion wIihou, restriction"
/, Is plain therefore, IN the face Of ihes'
treaty stipulstions, that all Mexicaas es
iabIi>hed IN territories north Of the line u
demarks,ion already mentioned. come with
IN the protection of the 9th article; and tina
the treaty, being a part e. H. supr-n,e Inv
of the land. dues extend over all such Mex
leans, and assure them perfect security il
the free enjoyment OF Their liberty and prop
rrty, a. well as IN the free exercise Of thei
r"iIg'"n; aud thIs supreme law Of the land
being thus in actual force over this terrific
~ IS to De main, aimed and enforced unit
j, shs u be displayed or superseded BY o,hs
legal provisions; and j: II be obsructed 81
restricted by cOmbinhtW ms too powerful tt
be suppressed by the civil authority, tn,
case - une which comes within the pfOvi.
sI"ns of law, and which Obllgcs the PresI
drn' to enforce rho.e provisions. Neither
the cuu.lilutIon nor the law nx duty a.