The miners' express. (Dubuque, Iowa) 1849-1854, 1850-12-02

ne colleCtlNn IN the ports ct the
United States Of discriminating duties on
the vessels Of Chi'i and their cargocs has
been suspended, pursuan, to the provi-
sions OF the act OF Congress of the 24,h
May, 1928. 1t is to be hoped that this
measure will impart fresh impulse to
commerce between the two governments,
which of late, and especially since our
acquisition of California, has to the mu-
.tua! advantage Of the parties, been much
augmented.
Peruvian guano has become so scr-
siceable an article to the agricultural in
'erest Of the United States, ,ha, it is the
duty of the government to employ all the
means properly in its power for the pur-
pose Of causing that arlic le to be import
ed into the country at reasonable price.
Nothing will be omitted on my part to-
wards accom- pllshing this desirable end.
| am persuaded that in removing any
restraints on this traffic, the Peruvian
government vii! promote its own bcs,
interest, while it will afford proof of 4
friendly disposition towards this country
which will be duly appreciated.
The treaty between the United States
and his majesty the King Of the Hawai-
ian Islands, which has recently been made
public, will it is believed, have benc6-
cial effect upon the relations Of the two
countries.
The relations between those parts of he island
of ST. Domingo which were formerly colonies
ofSpain and France respectively, are still in an
unsettled condition. The proximity of that is
land to the United States, and the delicate ques
ton involved IN the existing controversy there,
renders it desirable that it should be permanent
ly and speedily adjusted. The interest of hu-
mnM,ty and of general commerce also commands
this, and as in,mation of this same sentiment
has been received from other governments, it is
hoped thai some plan may soon be devised to
effect the the object in manner likely to give
satisfaction.
The government of the United States will
not fail by the exercise Of al, friendly offices to
do all IN its power to put an end to the destruc-
tive war which has ragged between different
parts of the island, and to secure to them both
the benefits OF peace and commerce.
refer you to the report of the Secretary of
the Treasury for detail statement OF the tinan-
ccs. The total receipts into the Treasury for
the year ending 3Jth June last were 2i7, 42l,-
were S43,2l6,SDO. The public debt has been
reduced since the last annual repor! from the
Treasury department ST. l,652,7G 3d. By the
18th section of the act OF the 2.)th January, 1887
the proceeds of the sales Of the public lands
were pledged for the interest and princi pal OF
the public debt The great amount Of those
lands subsequently granted by Congress for mi
litary bounty, will, it is believed, very nearly
supply the public demand for several yeers to
come, and but little reliance can be placed on
that hitherto fruitful source Of government re-
venue.
From the permanent annual expenditures,
which are necessarily largely increased, por
ton Of the public debt amounting to $780,
0S6,59 must be provided for within the next two
fiscal years 1t is most desirable that the ac-
crung demands should be met without rcsorting
to new loans. All experience has demonstrate
ed the wisdom and policy Of raising large por-
ton Of the means for the support of government
from duties on goods imported. The power to
lay these duties is unquesionable, and its chiet
object ofcourse is to replenish the treasury, but
if in time IAN incidental advantage may be gain
ed by encouraging the industry Of our own cii-
zens, it is our duty to avail ourselves Of that ad-
vantage A duty laid upon an article which
cannoi be produced in the country, such as tea
and coffee, adds to the cost of the article, and is
chiefly or wholly paid by the consumer, but
duty laid upon an article which may be produc-
ed here stimulates the skill ald ndustr! Of our
,'Wn country 10 pr duce the same artIc4" #h,Gh'
l.: brought .n.~ The market Il. c0mpetitio9 "ll'.
ii. tog2cn 1"i!'!e, Tine ln}p rter is thus 'rI-
pr!!rd t. ieduc. !.jS pace - hat at whicN th9
doncstic article can be :o:>t, ;:lereby th- NJ
part oi The dut, upvn the PRODUCER abro 81 -
The ems -Iu=nc" ol tA,s is, the Al l2.:I
and the culluralist, are brought together -
a.. 4
of the other, the whole country becomes pros
porous, and the ability to produce every ncccs
sary Of life renders us independent in war as
well as in peace.
A high tariff can never be permanent; it will
cause dissatisfaction, and will be changed 1t
excludes competition, and thereby invites the
investment OF capital in manufactures to such
excess, that when changed it brings distress,
bankruptcy and ruin upon all who had been
nsled by its talthless protection, What the
manufacturer wants, is uniformity and perma-
iiency;and that he may feel confidence he is not
to be ruined by sudden changes; but to make a
tariff uniform and permanent it is not necessary
that the law should not be altered, but the duty
should not fuctuate. To effect this, all duties
should be specific, whenever the nature Of the
article is such as to admit Of it Ad valorem
duties iluctuate with the price, and offer strong
"Psae'c''S " AiouuS anu perjury. OPcClHC
duties, Oh the contrary, are equal, and uniform
in all ports, and at all times, and offer strong
inducement to the importer to bring the best ar
ticlc, as he pays no more duty upon that than
upon one of an inferior quality therefore
strong ly recommend modification of the pres
ent tariff, which has prostrated some of our most
important and necessary manufactures, and that
specific duties be imposed sufficient to raise the
requisite revenue-making such discrimination
in favor Of the industrial pursuits of our own
country, as to encourage home production with
out excluding foreign competition. 1t is also
important that all unfortunate provision in the
present tariff, which imposes a much higher du-
ly upon the raw material that enters into our
than upon the manufactured arti-
Gle, SHOULD be modified. The papers accompa-
nylng the report Of the Secretary Of the Trcasu-
ry will disclose the frauds attempted upon the
revenue, in variety and amount so great as to!
justify the conclusion that it is impossible, un-
der any system OF ad valorem duties upon for
eign costs OF value of the article, to secure an
honest observance and effectual administration
OF the laws. The fraudulent devices to evade
the law, which had been detected by the vig-
lance of the appraisers eave us no room to doubt
That similar impostions. to be discovered to al