The New York herald., 1850-01-28


Of the article. We have, therefore, natural right
to purchase their productions at the lowest rate at
which We can obtain them, TO counterbalance the
disadvantage we suffer from the accumulation OF
different kind OF capital and labor To alleviate
this burden, of the south get back very little IN
the form Of protection. Why, then, have southern
men been willing to submit TO system go unequal
in It's operation? Because, as have formerly hai
occasion to state, In the onvention which made
the federal constitution there was bargain made
between the North and the Sou'h that, provided
they would allow our slaves to br represented to
permit importation tor a time, and TO deliver up
fugitlves, the South would, on It's part, agree that
a majority OF Congress might have power TO pass
navigation on tariff laws AS the gitt OF the power
under the circumstances necessarily implied that
II was TO be exercised, we felt :bound In honor TO
acquiesce In the action OF the majonty. Because,
IN The second place, protection to such extent as
might give our infant manufactures a fair start,
was calculated to advance the interest OF the ma
tion a whole, though for the time il might bear
hardly on US. And because, thirdly, that we hoped
that The southern states would, after time, get
manufacturing themselves, their interest re-
qulIed them 10 do, and thus escape the burden. IL
was thus that southern gentlemen, even after the
North had partially failed to pay its share of the
consideration, with great magnanimity continued
to sustain the system.
The manner Of disbursement Is also adverse to
our interests OF the forty odd millions which the
government purposes to dsburse this year,AI do
not believe that five millions will in any way be
expended IN all the slaveholdiDg States. North
OdrCllEa, LOT exdHlpr, Is Ourutncu 10 TIE extent
of not less than three millions, and yet does not
get back one hundred thousand dollars In any way
from the government. TIE clear loss in pecu--
mary point OF view, on account OF the action OF
the government, may be set down at three mil
onss annually. The southern States generally
are IN the same situation.
WHAT would be our condition ii separated from
the North IL Is difficult TO determine lhe precise
mount Of the exports Of the savehodiBg States,
ecause il is not practicable to arrive az the exact
value !of that portion which is sold to the free
States. But The amount OF our leading staples
being pretty well known mean cotton, rice, to-
bacco, sugar, 0c.-we can arrive al the whole
value of our exports pretty nearly. They cannot
fall short CT one hundred and thirty millions of
dollars, and this year, perhaps, considerably ex-
coed that sum- This IS nearly as much as the
whole of the exports of the United States to foreign
countries. Ii must be remembered, however, that
though the free States furnish part OF our experts
yet that which they do afford is scarcely so much
s rs
separated, our whole exports TO the North and to
foreign countries generally, would be equal to that
sum. or course we should import as much, and
IN fact do at this time consume as much. A duty
of thirty per cent on these imports (and most of
the rates OF the present tariff law are hIgher) would
yield revenue of nearly forty millions OF dollars
As the prices OF almost all manufactured articles
are regulated by the production Of the great work.
shops Of Europe, where the accumulation Of capi-
tai and labor keeps down production to the low
est possible rates, have no doubt but that sum
would be raised without any material increase OF
the prices which our citizens now pay. We
might therefore expend as much as the govern
ment Of the United States ever did Ia time OF peac
up TO the beginning Of General Jackson's admi-
nistration, and still have on hand twenty IT, ye mil.
lions Of dollars to devote 10 the making railroads,
opening our haIbors and rivers, aud tor other do
mestic purposes. Or, by levying only twenty
per cent duty, which the Northern manufacturers
to a b as snsy nsy ss s :b Tdr e ,. Mr.
some twenty.h five millions of dollars. Half of this
su would be sufficient for the support OF our
army, navy, and civil government. The residue
might be devoted TO the making OF all such I'M
proyements as We are now in want OF, and esPe-
cialIy checkering our country over with railroads.
Subjecting the goods OF the North TO a duty, with
those from other foreign countries, atonce give
a powerful stImulus TO our own manufactures. We
have already sufficient capital for the purpose.
But, If needed, il would ccme in from abroad.
English capitalists have filled Belgium with fac
tones. Why did this occurl Simply because
prvyriuns were cnruy.I there and taxes lower than
in England. The same motives would BRING them
into the Southern country, since both the reasons
assigned are much stronger in our case. 1t has
already been proved that we can manufacture
In New England, too, owing to her deficient agri-
culture, every thing Is directed to manufac-
turing, and the system 10 strained up TO point
which is attended with great social dsadv aniages,
not be so. The climate and soil very favorable
To agricultural pursuits Our slaves might be
chiefly occupied on the farms, while the poorer
class OF our white population, and portIsn Of our
females, could be advantage ousy employed in
manufacturing. We should thus have that diver.
sity In our pursuits which is most conducive TO the
prosperity and happiness Of people,
our carving trade would probably, for time,
This, however, would not be TO our disadvan-
tage, since northern shiPowners now charge as
much Tor freight between New York and New
Orleans, as they do for carrying il TO Canton,
on n he he hola
amount OF the freight on southern productions,
received by the northern ship-owners, has, on a
minute calculation, been set down at forty millions
one hundred and elghty-six thousand seven hun
dIed and twenty.eight dollars (sl0, ,ls6,72s) The
whole value which the North derives from Its
southern connection, has been estimated, by some
persons most familiar with these statistics, at more
thun eighty eight millions Of dollars. Whoever
looks into the condition Of the different States prior
TO the formation Of the Union, and compares il
with their situation al fret, under low duties, up
10 the war and tariff Of 1915, and Its successors
highly prot, ctve as they have been, viii find the
facts fully sustaining the opinions | have ex-
pressed: Northern writers OF elementary books,
made for school ldreB, Of course, represent
things differently, and deceive the careless and ig-
norant. My opinions on these points have been
settled Tor long while past, though have not
heretofore been IN position where ! thought
could exert any controlling influence. or effect any
desirable object, BY giving utteranee to them.
In throwing out these views, Mr. Chairman, /
have not sought the utmost degree of precision,
but have no Houbt but that ali the facts will be
found. on examination, not less favorable to my
conclusions than have stated them. NV puf-
pose, now, Is SIMPLY to present to northern gen
uemen such general views as likely now TO be
adopted by the South. Your course Of aggression Is
already array against you all the highest minds OF
the Sou,h-men OF high intellect, and higher pa,r-
otism, whose utter Indifference to all personal CON
sideratlons will make them, in the language Of my
eloquent trIend from Georgia, (Mr. Toombs } "de-
vote all they have and all they are 70 this cause"
But gentlemen speak Of the difficulty Of making
the boundary and the condition Of the border
States Of May land and kentucky particularly
referred to. Undoubtedly, each State would
have the night to determine for itself to which
section Of the confederacy il would belong. lf
these TIVE States were To unite with the North,
then, as n would not be possible for them to change
their condition imme diaiely with respect TO slave
~, If they ever did, they would, for many years a,
least, form barrier against the aggressions Of the
free States, until, in short the South would have
becsme too great and powerful to need such aid
i take II, however, that their interest would lead
Ihtm to prefer an association with the South
With reference TO fugitive slaves, MARYLAND
wOu'f of he mai all n