The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1850-08-10

4 ne says.
suseess orms to remind you that you have no Other
than military government 10 administer the civil la ws
with which yon came into the Unon (and under which
other executive have you but the commander Of the
In New Mexicof Does he absolutely control all the
Ger but holds his olce by from The military Oil
Ger during his win and pleasure Has he not, indeed
every way prescribe their jurisdiction r. &C.
There is another document from which il appears that
the people Of the Territory have declared against this
military government, and denounced il most 0dious
and despotic institution.
MIR. BELL was aware of the existence Of those
documents, and am only surprised that the sagacious
ator does not perceive that there may be strong political
motives interests for much exaggeraton, over-coor-
ing. and rhetorical flourish and description in the authors
o those documents fell desiroos of coming at the truth
asked the delegate from New Mexico [Sr. Smith TO
point out to me. he could, any instance OF military op.
preston in New Mexico in the three years oil
patton OF that country and he could ecolect none ex
cept, have before stated that when an offence is
committed against any OF the United States troops, the Of
fender is SEIZED some ines BY the military, and taken be-
fore the proper civil officers for trial and punishment and
complaints are made OF instances in which the punish
ment is said TO have been inflicted without such trial. but
come now, sir, consider another question connect
ed with the policy recommended by the President which,
MH.o
her admission State and are they sufficiently intelli
gent and trained in the practice Of self government 10 JUS
THY clothing them with the rights OF State sovereignty
know that the senator from Texas Mr. RUsKl has said
that would be peposerous to admit these people as
State into the Union The honorable and distinguished
senator from Michigan says that "no human sagacty
orete the time when these people will be ready to
into the Union" The honorable and distinguished sena
tor from Kentucky has said that he cannot think OF it,
and he has used stronger expressions than these
Now, what is the number OF inhabitants in New Mex
icol have 10 my hand an authentic document, taken
from the archives Of Santa fe BY Lieutenant Albert an
printed by order of Congress- From this document we
learn that the nth Of June, 1874, the population Of
hundred thousand and sixty -four, 00064.) The intel
gent delegate from New Mexico states that from his own
observation, and all the information in his possession, he
estimates the population at ninety thousand And these
are not composed of Cumanches, Navaos, and other wild
tribes as some gentlemen seem to suppose. This popu
aon OF ninety thousand are made citizens Of the United
States by the treaty OF Guadalupe Hdago. The Pueblo
Indians, who compose part OF the population civil
lied The senator from Texas admitted that they
among the best population Of the Territory census was
taken OF these Pueblo Indians at recent period, which
will be found in the tspondence OF Mr. Calhoun the
Indian agent at Santa Fe, whose high standing and ite
gence are youched for by the senator from Texas, Mr.
RusK.l From this il appears that instead Of constituting
onehalf OF the population OF the country as stated by
that honorable senator former day. they only amount
taking the usual ratio Of children under that age, may
infer that the whole Of these Indians does
coed nine thousand at the most These Indians live 10
What other classes OF population exist there There are
some three four thousand Of the pure Spanish or
n.d s spansh
Indian stock, which has multiplied in the last two cenu
res, until Il has attained its present number This
Mexcans They constitute the of the population,
and do not recognise any connexon with the Indians
though undoubtedly tnged with their complexion With
Indians, live by agriculture almost exclusively; many of
them are wealthy, their property consisting chiefly Of
nocks and herds L may De said OF the lnhao'sns abb Of
BILE people, addicted to the arts OF peace, from the neces
sy of their condition. being daily exposed to the plum
wealthy are well educated some of these having re-
ceived their education the colleges and schools OF this
country others those of Mexico Besides these classes.
Mr. Smith, 10 whom have before referred, states that
there twelve fifteen hundred voters, emgrans from
the United States and we know enough OF these adven-
turers TO territories TO be satisfied that their superior
intelligence and energy will exercise controlling nilu.
ence over the more passive and actable Mexcans and
Indians We must also bear in mind, in estimating the
character and training Of these people, that since the re-
practice OF self government They have had their terri
oria legislature TO which. with some interruption, they
have been in the habit OF eleetng delegates annually
They have, the time, chosen at regular periods
delegate TO the Central Congress In Mexico; and, upon
the whole, they just as well qualified for self gov
eminent most OF the States OF the Mexican republic
The policy OF Mexico, in excluding New Mexico from
the rank oil Sate is well known, was founded in the
apprehension OF revolution and separation, to which
their remote situation was supposed TO tempt them we
have, truth, had lower estimate OF these people than
they deserved and principal reason Tor this was, that
we derived our impression. OF their character and cond
known TO be one Of the poorest villages in the whole
country. and whose population is the most idle, vicious,
and corrupt Of all others.
But sir, the question is not whether these people are
intelligent and well qualified as we could wish them TO
be- or as they may become by the infusion Of greater
number e erngrsnts from the old States, before ad
init them into the Union, but whether they sufficient
qualified 10 justify their admission, IL il be expedient
for the well being and harmony Of the republic, II
wounds OF the country. That s the question. Honora-
bic senators have taken strong grounds upon this subject
The honorable senator from Kentucky Mr. CLAYl has
said that under circumstances and for no considera
tons, would he vote 10 bring such people as these into
the Union as State.
MIR. CLAY. say 90 still
.Mr. BELL do not expect the honorable senator 10
recede from any sentiment he has expressed But our
Conscience admonshes that these people are, byour
treaty stpustons, entitled 10 be admitted into the Union
in some reasonable time II the population were only
would be quite large eDough for the constitution pre-
scbes particular number and II the inhabitants OF this
Territory, after than two centuries training IN the
arts OF civil society and government are not quaed for
the exercise OF State sovereignty, when will they be quail
fed They have for twenty years past exercised the
rights and privileges OF self government and the meas
ure before the Senate proposes to extend to them
the same rights II does, them appear to ne 10 be
strange and extraordinary position Tor senators TO ake
when they declare that they WILL under no circumstances
vote TO admit New Mexico into the Union a. State.
bleeding wounds Of the country Not to restore the bar
mony of the country Not even 10 save the Union
can neither comprehend the reason nor the patriotism o.
such declaration cannot appreciate the exqusitenes
OF the sentiment OF tenderness 10 the interests OF TINS Peo
pie, that for the sake OF some further poco