The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1850-11-19
Aspect OF Poland.

Poland, the greatest place Ia Europe, encircled,
when in the zenith Of ITS power, territory of more
than IL, COO square miles, inhabited by fifteen mil
lions OF souls The natural and commercial wealth
OF the country lay in its rye and whe flax, wood,
salt, honey and wax, fine horses, and fat cattle.
Streams. abounding with fish, transported these
treasures TO the u attic and Black Seas. The pre-
sent Russo Polish kingdom extends over 2:s3l
square miles, the population of which was, in 1913,
41OO III, and i,sr,I2g in 1Sf6 Amongst these
there were Dos 5gI Christians a. us SOS in 1881
303 Moham.nedans. 557 SOS Jews (52l ISL in 1881,
and 337 GIpsies. The chief occupation of the in
habitants Is agriculture; their principal branches
OF industry are cloth lin consequence Of which
sheep breeding hes increased very much), linen,
and iron wares. lnthe southern hills, towards Ga.
hcia there are iron, lead, zinc, coal and sulphur
mines, and marble qusrres. The trade of Poland
is marifestly adyantsged by its navigabe streams,
as well as 10y the Augustowo Canal, which con-
meets the Niemen, the Naren, and the Weichsel
Three bundled miles (tierman) of mail roads in.
tersect the whole country the ntre point OF which
IL warsaw, which, with Lublin, Is the chief empo-
rum OF trade. The annual revenue is estimatedat
20 millions, the expenditure AT 80 millions, and the
national debt nj 300 millions Polish trins. The
following statistical details respecting the cond-
ton 81 Poland are taken from official documents
published by the administration Of the country. but
we regret that they do not go beyond 1916. The
quantity Of goods imported into Poland in that year
was valued Mt 7.lSS,0o7 roubles 100000 roubes
more than in iSiJ), Of which 0tl or roubes were
imported from Austria aud Cacow The chief
articles OF import were horses sHd cattle, for
SIP 967 roubles coffee, sugar, and spices, for
eCOOS5 roubles; silk and SILK manufactures, for
6l2lf2 roubles; spiris aud beer, for J03 la rou-
bes; corn, for 49, 5l rouhles; salt, for 3Sl I5s
roubles: and cotton, for 1j6.5Sl roubles. The
value ofihe articles exported amouniedto 596S, 1sS
roubles $50 SO roubles more than In 1851. The
Chief articles were, wood, for ,Sj3,3 ll roubics;
wool and woolens, for Ia JS5 roubles; corn. for
lO3 674 roublrs; cattle, for 5ls,7i0 roubles; OIL,
Tor 2iSJa roubles, and metal articles, for 2l06J7
roubles. The expectation OF cora and cattle W As
much less than IN the former year, owing to he
failure Of the harvest and long drouqhts. The
number OF persons employed ia factory labor was,
in 1876, f6, 03; and the total value Of their pro-
duce was 9.626, 5l9 roubles; 80 $50 roubles
spent in the purchase Of "a " materials, deductng
which, and the expense of labor, there renamed
10 the manufacturers a pure gain Of 3,Sj6,56O
ioubles. The number of persons employed in
woolltn manufactures was S02l, on 2,25i looms,
the value of The manufactured articles 2Ois,Ils
Toubles; In cettOn articles was 1860, with Stlt
looms and the value of the produce 22iS,2Ij
rOubles; in FAX and hemp was 1858. ON 4 S}3
looms, which produced i2S7 $40 yards OF stuff of
oil kinds. 10 addition, 10006 SD yards Of peasants
linen were manufactured py the peasants ior home
use, and Col sc, yards for sale. The mining III
eusiry produced 1902 cwt Of iron, from - pri-
vate mines, with Is shafts; III 1884 cwt. castiron,
10000 ewt. lead, go cwt. copper, 1900 cwt
zinc $50 workmen in metals produced articles TO
the value OF ,SJ, SIS roubcs. The capital Of the
Polish Benk amounted TO eight million roubles
The deposits ~, 200, COS roubles, repayments
q, SOS, 357 roubes. The amount Of capital depO-
sittd in the bank by various institutions was
5,20l ,9l3; the repayments amounted to S0,5OS
roubles The sum OF .U17,s go was advanced to
manufacturers, and ], l2i, 500 upon pledges. The
repay ments from the former were y, 5l5 roubles,
and from the latter 81 ,3l5 roubles. The sum OF
100000 was advanced IN the town OF Warsaw 10
promote the erection Of buildings. ia the course
of 1876, 2l9,000 roubles were deposited in the saw
ings banks by 6,47l persons, Of whom $50 belong
ed to Warsaw.