New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1850-07-30
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Garisaldi.
To n< Ed,tov II TAs Tys6sass
General Joseph Garbsldi was born ct Nice. Q
city Of Piedmont in Italy. he 10 now litte above
forty. In bis early youth he was employed in No
ntime commerce. He went to South Ameries,
where bis courage, bis talents and bis love OF shs
cauie Of liberty soon made him distinguished though
q stranger. He became the leading military man
Of the Republic OF Montevideo In its defensive ysx
against Rosas, the despoti, dictator Of Paraguay.
Garibad, al the head Of regiment Of Italian vcl-
unteers in several engagements performed ssoh
prodigies Of valor that ne won the loudess praise
both In South America and in Europe
As soon, however, a. be heard OF the revolatics
Of ls4s in Italy, be leit his position a. Chief OF the
Montevdean army and FASTENED to Italy. Taat
classic land, ii ID well TO remind our readers 10 d.
vided into several States, the principal Of which
are the Kingdom ofNaples In the South, the States
Of the Pope and the duchy OF Tuscany in the mid
de the Kingdom Of Sardinia or Piedmont and dc
Lomoardo Venetian Kingdom in the Northern part
The last named has been subject 70 Agstria which
power has been the great obstacle 20 both the tn
dependence and liberty Of the Italians, because
Austria has not only ruled directly ono Of he
largest and fairest divisions Of the Peninsula but
has under her influence and suoectson al tho petty
Italian sovereigns, and assisted them in crushisg-
their subjects, wherever the latter attempted e
Nevertheless, the unanimous Manifestations Of
the opinion and will Of all the Italians In the year
ls47, and the beginning OF isis were 90 strong q
70 compel the kings OF Naples and Piedmont the
Duke Of Tuscany and the Pope to grant constita-
tons somewhat on the English model, even before
the revolution Of February In France. Bot whea
the tide Of this great event followed by the revou
tons Of Vienna and Berlin, crossed the Alps, the
Lombardo- Venetians made general insursectiou.
and the Austrian army was partly destroyed, partly
taken prisoners, and partly forced 10 retire 10 fosr
central fortresses. There they waited for reinforce
ments from Germany. Meanwhile Charles Albert
King Of Sardinia and Piedmont, being ambitious Of
the crown OF all Italy, went to the aid OF the LON
bards. The first engagements were glorious TO he
Piedmcntese, backed by numerous volunteers from
all parts Of the Peninsula. Charles Albert was re-
quested to name Garibaldi chief commander a
all these volunteers but the king declined it on
account Of Garibaldi's republican opinions. Gad-
bald, however, gathered around him Q oonsidsrsr
Bile number Of men, at the head Of whom he caused
great damage to the enemy But hadetzky hav-
Ing received powerful reinforcements and the Itsi-
lars being, generally, commanded very badly. In
spite Of their bravery they were boodily defeated
and Garibaldi himself was obliged % retire.
Pope Plus TX, who formerly had shown dis
position TO advance the cause ofameoraton and re-
form, which was hailed by the acclamations Of the
world deserted the cause ofiberty, when the strug-
gle was at ito hight declared himselffor Austria and
was not the least cause OF her victory. The Re-
mans highly dissatisfied. went In procession 70 the
great square Of the Quirina, loudly calling forth
the Pope, and praying him to change bis Ministry,
and grant 10 Italy Federal Union like that Of the
United States Of America, without however, alter.
ing TIE moparchical form OF the several Govern
mentg The Popes answer was that he would
never yield to such propositions. The people hear
ing, burst forth In groans and indignation, bat they
were all warned, aud attempted no violence
On sudden the Swiss Guards OF the Palace began
to fire their muskets from the windows upon the
people. Then the legitimate wrath Of the multi
tude could no longer berelrained. Every one went
home to take weapons, and they returned to the
Quirinsl. The Swiss were then quickly defeated.
TIE Pope subscribed TO the propositions Of the
people with some notifications. The new minis-
try performed regularly their functions, and tho
people were quiet, when on the evening OF tho
gath November, ls4S, Pius TX. fled in disguise TO
Ggta, in the kingdom Of Naples. The Romans
sent two successive Populations TO call him back,
but he refused to receive them. Then the Ministry
invited the people to elect Convention by uni
versa suffrage. The representatives OF the people
took the only measure presented by reason and no
cessity, and decreed the deposition of the Pope
from biz political power, leaving untouched bis
spiritual authority and then they proclaimed the
Roman Republic.
The Pope then entered on the realization Of the
project for which he had been advised by the re-
sctionists to forsake his people. He asked and
obtained coalition Of Soyereigrs for the restora-
ton Of the ancient Popish political despotism. and
France, Austria, Spain and Naples entered at the
same time with their armies into the Roman terri
tory. The French landed at Civits Vecchia and
were advancing on Rome. General Avezzana
was Min,ter OF War and commander in chief Of
the army Of the Republic, but Gsribadi held under
bis In mediate leadership the most active part Of
the limited forces disposable ct Rome. Ii was
the 3Oth Of April, 1919 the French were already
before the eternal city. The homas citizens de-
Tended themselves from the walls Garibaldi At
tackled the enemy in flank on the open field In the
country the battle lasted seven bo0rs and finally
the French were forced 10 retire. -Four hundred
q them were brought prisoners into the city. Az
ter this victory the Roman army did not lose time;
they marched in the other direction against the
NeapolItans. who were routed az VeLlstri and tho
X inc himself had a very narrow escape from being
taken prisoner. This victory, ~ wei a. The fos-
per, was chiefly due 10 the impetaous bravery Of
Gsribaldi He pursued the Neapoitsn troops evea
INTO their own kingdom bat he was called back
In a hurry because Gen 01dinot-hs army hav-
ing been increased TO forty thousand mso-had
marched again upon Rome.
The new struggle lasted one month, with great
slaughter on both sides daily. Gen. Garibaldf was
always Ia the most dangerous spot 10 the combat
either on the walls, without the gates, encosr-
aging bis soldiers by words and example. Al lasl
any further defense being impossible, the Assem-
bly, ordered the cessation OF the lighting on oar
part; disdainipg. however, 10 make or hear Of any
conditions with the enemy. Bologna and Ancoss,
after fierce resistance, had been equally forced 70
Weld to the A1strians Yet Gsrbaldi Issued rom
Rome with about loor thousand soldiers. They.
however, surrounded and overwhelmed on ali pasts
by French, Spanish and Austrian superior forces,
entered iDto the territory Of the small Republic a
San Marino, AID there laid down their arms, 10
avoid the gref OF surrendering them to either en-
envy. Bot Gahbald with three hundred men VI
liz Z 10 die and still determined 70 attemps some
thing for their country opened for themselves the
y az TO the Adriatic Sea, and embarked on several
fsbipg bsrks 10 bring last succor 10 the still re-
sstiDg City Of Venice. Unfortunately, the Aus.
trian feet surrounded and took most Of them pris-
obers Providentaly, Gen Garibaldi, In the
nids. Of the darkness Of night, succeeded In reach
ing the shore with biz wife. who never permitted