davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1850-06-14
Correspondence of the Burlington Free Press,

west FONT, June ., (Evcning 1850.
Dear Sir The board of Visitors at the
Military Acadamy convened this morning
nine Of the fifteen members being prcsen,-anc
organized by the appointment of Prof. MAT.
THEW j. WILLIAMS Of Columbia. s. c.. as
President pro tenn. and Col. n. B. Bufnrd. o.
Rock River, ILL.,, Secretary pro TEN. The pro.
fesscrs and officers Of the Academy were pre-.
sented to the board by Capt. BREREroy. tho
very gon;lcman'y Superintendent, and aner
visiting the various buildings Of the establish
ment, relieved the Cadets. They anpeared
remarkably vel, performing tic varions cvo.
Iutions with = precision end soldicrv bcarino
highly creditahe tn themselves and there dis
cipnarian. The Band Of music is ono Of the
finest have over heard. After the review
the board, with the officer, were invited bv
Capt BREFrToS 10 rartake Of n collation. at his
hospi'ob'o quarters. where they were received
by his accomplished Lady, and treated with all
the tccacies of the r;,co and soason mingled
with the pleasures Of polite and social inter-
course,
In the afternoon lie Board convened. and
organized permanently by tho election of the
same gentlemen to the same offices, as above
mentioned and after authorizing, BY rcsolu-
ion the Presidential appoint the several commit.
tees, adjourned 70 meet tomorrow morning. at
8 o'cock when the examination commences.
Every thing here looks and promises we'll
1t is indeed a glorious spo;-picturesque and
beautiful in the cx'rPme-haowed by the past
consecrated 10 the highest purposes in the pres.
ent and full of hope and promise for the future
p. $. The following is full list of tie mem.
5ers of The BoarG Of Examiners -
ChNs. B. Handbook. Esq. Hanover, y. II.
John n. Pomoroy, Esq. Burlington, VI
Gen. Jamos b. NJ. Potter. Kingston, r. Isl.
Ger. II. Cadwllader. Trenton, n. J.
Capt. Henry Dopon', Wilmington, y. c.
Hon. J'mos T. S'rorhor, Rappahannock, Va.
Matthew J. Williams, Esq, Columbia, s. &.
Henry Waller. Esq, Mavsville Nv.
Dr. Geo. r. Grant, Memphis, Tenn.
!Hmos p. NilIIkon, ESQ. Manchester, Nd.
CT: n. p. Bufard. rrck Island. ~.
Geo r H'y'fon, E<q,. Flint, Mich.
James S. Rollins. Esq. Columbia. Missou.
Capt. James D. Cobb, Washington. ARK.
Samuel y Eobari~, Esq, nonhqon, Y xa,.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1850-06-14
q lhe Ai5any Ereri1g Jrurpai Of yestoT-

o. rhe Aibany EreIi7g Jrurpoi Of yesteT-
Day says
Orr oF TO rv.-Tami'ioe iu'orirr 20 pass
tie sumner month. out of tue CIV, Will find
STEVENS Hotel =. Vergcnne+, VT. n ycrp
agreeable re.idonce. Ncrgenncs is a plca<alt
village. win highly intelligent society. TIE
F'gl SPIN 2, lie water Of which has approved
medicinal properties, /. within twenty minutes
ride 81 The Hotel.
No paper is more prompt than the ,'ournql
20 h1s'ow inst praise, and nobody better de-
serves that description Of praise than the NJ 'ssrs
ST.yEss, whose Hotel is renowned for the ex.
cc.lcnce which characteriaos its management.
Bat tho Cry Of Nergcnnes, with its Major and
Cooperation, can take such stems as /, pleascs
II vindicate itref agains; tie rsinuation
TIC ,'1urrcl that ii is nothing more than ?
pleasant II 'ggc," and we invite the attention o.
Mr.. MAJOR PIERroISr 70 the subject A City
thai gives $50 vojes-127 Of which are Wing
has a right to stand upon its charter dignity
In the most friendly m inner, we recommend
he J.urnql 10 lock ont for itself!
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1850-06-14

GIVE made oligl.t mistake between
couple OF A'se+, last evening, which our read
rrs will readily correct by causing the pect-
'iIa but obstinate animals alluded to, to ca
hpe- ~ trs.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1850-06-14

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Nay 2lst 1880.
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Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1850-06-14

!. W he Washington correspondent Of the
New lork Express says, Z" il is total mistake
inst Mr. Corwin has any sympathy in the pre-
sent movement of Mr. Clay, as opposed to the
poIhcy OF the Administration The same cor
respondent says that Mr.. Corwin will
speak against ;he comnrnmise.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1850-06-14

a new Post Office has been established al
" the Mills or Gookin's Falls, Rutland, under
ne name of :" Center Rutland post office -
h. PROCTOR p. NJ.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1850-06-14

- W Col. Richard NJ. Johnson, formerly Vice
resident is a candidate for the Legislature Of
Kentucky in Scott county,
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1850-12-05

fore you. The infcrenccs dcduciblc from
these papers are: first, that the present
system succeeds only where, with a dense
population, the funds for educational pur-
poses, enlarged by contributions from
other sources, arc ample; secondly, that
the teachers, mainly from inadequate COM
pensation, are rs II body unqualified for
their stations; and thirdly, that in the
sections of the State in which the popula
ton is sparse, the public bounty is mca-
gerly provided.
\ profound solicitude for the moral and
intellectual welfare OF the people induced
me to suggest to the Teachers throughout
our limits, the propriety OF assembling at
Columbia, to consider the subject of Free
Schools, the preparation at home of ele.
mcntary and other books for the use of
our schools, the best mode of insuring the
progress of education, and other kindred
matters. A copy of the proceedings of
the convention, composed, in part, OF men
distinguished for talent, character and
usefulness, take great pleasure in trans.
mitting to you, accompanied by the ex-
preston of my hearty concurrencein the
conclusions at which it arrived.
The asccrtained truth, that over 10000
persons of our population arc ignorant of
their alphabet, is indeed well calculated to
excite general and anxious inquiry con.
cerning the causes of so painful Il moral
calamity. According to the official re-
ports of the Boards of Commissioners,
in lS4s, it appears that there are in the
State $40 Free Schools, 9l5 Teachers,
and sO63 Scholars, and the appropriation
for the support of the schools was s37,-
500, equivalent to about $39 annually tor
each Teacher, and $3.50 for every pupil.
South Carolina cxpcnds for the purpo-
ses of education nearly onc-tourth OF her
income derived from taxes. 1t would
seem, that if SO large n disbursement were
wisely and economically apportioncd, it
might secure all the benefit which the wis.
dom of the Legislature designed; but SO
fortunate result has not been produced
In submitting the whole matter to your
careful consideration, consider it my du.
ty to recommend the appointment of q
general superintendent OF free schools, anc
that the several Boards of Commissioners
be authorized and instructed, where the
school fund is insufficient, to raise by as
sessment on the general tux OF their re
spectiye Districts and Parishes a sum o
money equal in amountto that appropria
ted by the Legislature. The probable ct ct
fects of this duplication of means, vii
be tho multiplication Of scholars, cmbra
cling perhaps all who may be entitled te
the puplic bounty; q higher grade OF in
structors, and the establishment of th'
right in consequence of his contribution
which every citizen would feel that h'
possessed Of consigning his child to thu
mental guardianship Of the State
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1850-12-05

dor ior certain class Of offences might
advantagcously be added; or substituted
for that Of whipping.
recommend that the matter of rcvi-
sing the criminal law be referred to com.
mission of three competent jurists, who
shall receive salary fully adequate to the
important service to be performed.
Soon after your adjournment, opened
correspondence with Indian Department
at Washington, in relation to the adniis-
sion of the Catawba Indians into the
Chickasaw tribe. The answer to my ap-
plication, which was not received until
May, showed the existence of adverse in
huences, the precise character of which
cannot now be determined. The Chicka-
saws and Choctaws, it seems, own the
same district of country; while the form
crhave expressed their willingness to grant
the request which has been made, the lat
ter, for unassigned reasons, interpose OBJ
jections. Since August, no further intor-
nation on the subject has reached this
Department, although efforts have been
used to elicit it. 1t may therefore be in.
ferred that the objections OF the Choctaws
still exist.
Early in the winter, a considerable num-
bcr of the Catawba Indians returned to
this State from Haywood county, North
Carolina, and very recently, the remain
der, except four adults and six children,
have followed their example. The head.
men or chiefs, according to the report OF
the Indian agent, now express great re-
pugnance to the removal of the tribe to
the west, and prefer that farm be bought
for their future home in the northern part
of Greenvillc District-a region Of coun.
try which they have examined, and OF
which they highly approve. Good land
might there be obtained for from 81 ,5o to
81 per acre. An appropriation of about
$1,000, which recommend, will probably
be sufficient for the purchase Of farm OF
suitable size, and implements OF industry
and for the construction of board houses
To furnish them with food and clothing
for the next year, and an additional appro,
priation of ST 200 will be necessary. II
the proposed project met the appreciation
Of the Legislature, it would be advisable
to make provision for the sale OF the pre-
sent nominal residence OF the Indians in
York District.
The dictates Of humanity, and an abid'
ing sense Of the devotedness and services
of their ancestors to South Carolina, de-
mand that another effort be made tc
bring together in this State these sons o
the forest and by mental culture and in
struction i'll farming, to meliorate thei
condition morally and physically.
I again invite your serious attention tc
the anomalous condition of the proplie
tors of the Indian Lands, having paid ii
almost every instance full equivalen
for their property, the Legislature, in ls4O
directed that an annual rent, now reduce'
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1850-12-05

seek.
Eve lying the
wants )rt OF the
pcople :lers, and,
perhaps, in every district there is 4 large
portion of the white population, whose
energies, if aroused BY an influence stron-
ger than that which proftless farming inn
parts, would tend materially to augment
the public wealth. It's an error to sup
pose that we are defci lent in the pecunia-
ry means so essential 10 the fulflment of
our highest aspirations. Strictly speak
ing there are no capitalists among us.
Men whose profession it is to deal III mo-
MED securities, are rarely found in all ag-
ricultural community. Still, in our Me
tropolis and Towns, where the mercan-
tile interest predominatcs, and among the
planters and farmers throughout the State,
there is unappropriated wealth always
ready to abandon its hiding places, and
by its sagacious application, to fertiizc
the soil from which it was originally ia
ken. If South Carolina cannot recover
the many millions of dollars which the
want of legislation, or the improvidence
of her rulers has driven from her shores,
let no -cxpedient be unessayed, in future,
to erect on the ruins of mistaken policy,
a structure that will enure to the benefit
of posterity. The absence Of large CAPT
talists, or the general diffusion of wealth
in the States, constitutes valid reason
for employing associated manufactures on
a scale commensurate with the exigency
of the times, but especially, to guard
against the evils of dependence on COM
munities, whose friendship and social sup.
port, we shall, perhaps never again enjoy.
BY encouraging men Of slender means
and of all pursuits, to unite with their
more fortunate brethren in the laudablc
task of physical amelioration, auspicious
moral results will ensuc between the par.
ties, pre-cminently conducive to private
and public prosperity.
Experience has disprored the opinion,
that to the community greater injury was
to be apprehended from Companies than
individuals engaged in manufacturing pul,
suits. The death of the head and owner
Of mill is very certain to be the precur'
sor Of its destruction. The property in
volved experiences sudden depreciation,
owing to the skill and practical knowl
edge that rendered it proftable.-These
consequences seldom follow in the ease
of joint stock companies, where the ordl
nary safeguards have been provided. Tho
deprivation Of single mind may be keen
: ly felt, but is rarely irreparable. If this
however, were an undetermined point
the high and patriotic end in view cannot
succeed but by the power Of concentrated
means. In these days Of progress ant
Z: reform, supposing the will and ability te
exist, isolated exertions are too tardy ant
; uncertain. The establishment, on scale
sufficient to ensure success, Of various
branches of industry, will require Il vcr,
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1850-12-05

---.--- uccu lUuii,, tiIt UIiires1
of the Clerks of the Senate and Houscof
Representatives, Sec'tary Of State, Trca-
surer, and Comptroller General. The ac-
companying report from Mr.. Green will
acquaint you with the progress made in
the service assigned him, tho manner i'll
which it has been performed, and the pro-
rbablc time that will be required to com.
plete -tha. examinations of the records.
In the spring 81 tie 4.,'e.4sjlpe jpe rev
Thomas Curtis, of the Limestone Springs.
rendered to me a rough and massy body
of granite from quarry owned by him,
with request that it should represent
South Carolina in the Monument, in the
course of erection at the Federal Capital,
to the Father of his Country" | sub
sequently caused it to be conveyed to Co
lumbia, where, under the skiful hands Of
Messrs. Boyne & Sprowls, it was conver-
ted into block Of the necessary size.
adorned with the arms of the State, and
otherwise finished in style that has COM
manded universal commentator.
Your Resolution of ls4s, requesting
"the Governor to cause suitable medals
to be prepared, with proper devices, to be>
presented to all the commissioned officers
of the Palmetto Regiment, and all the
on.commissioned officers and privates,
has been carried into effect. The names
and rank of the members of the regiment
who have received these memorials Of
the gratitude of the State. comprising SO
commissioned, and l2l non-commssioned
officers, and 2S9 privates, you will find ill.,
the paper marked P. Of this document.
have caused a copy to be entered in ono
of the books in the Executive Department,
in which the papers of that gallant corps
have been recorded.
AS Castle Pinckney, with the three
acres around it, is deemed by the General
Government essential to the safety Of
Charleston in the event of foreign war,
my application for its retrocession to tho
State has been unsuccessful.
The reports Of Capt Parker and Pro-
fessor Williams, concerning the variations
of the Magnetic Needle, | herewith
submit.
suggest the pFopriety of an annual ap.
preparation to rcmuneratc the persons who
may he employed in taking the necessary
observations; also that it be made obliga-
tory on every surveyor, to record or. his
plot the variations of the needle, as offici-
ally registered in the book prepared by
Capt. Parker, copies of which | have put
into the possession of the Legislature.
herewith communicate copy of a.
digest of the road laws, prepared, at my
solicitation, as President of the State Ag-
ricultural Society, by the Hon. Josiah J.
Evans, one of our Associate Judges in the
Courts of Law. The great importance
of the subject, and the very able and judi
cious manner in which it has been treated,
will doubtless induce the Legislature to
print it for the use of the people.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1850-12-05

--...s,.,, IUr the re-
tluctlon of the interest on moneys lent,
from 10 to per cent, in the former year,
was the "abatement Of the value OF the
farmers property, produced by the war
then raging between France and Spain"
and in the latter year, from s to 7 per
cent, that the foreign trade had been much
neglected, in consequence "of the great
interest and profit which had been made
of money at home," and that it would
render the attainment of money easy to
the poor and industrious"
The average rate of interest on capital
in South Carolina for the last ten years
has scarcely equallcd six per cent. 1t is
nearly certain that, in reference to agri-
culture, it has been below that estimate.
In probably no State in the Union, where
the pursuit Of husbandry is so general
and eugrossng, is there Il larger invest:
mcnt in bonds, stocks and other monicd
securities. The result of this state of
things is, that money, instead of being
actively invested in new undertakings for
tho reproduction and increase of capital,
remains almost entirely a burden upon
the land. The temptations to live with
out active exertions are also improperly
multiplied. 1t may indeed be safely as
serted, that the capital in these ways en-
ploycd is greater than the interest on the
capital derived from the cotton husban-
dry. The amount invested in bank stock
alone is equal to it. May it not. then, be
asked whether VIC ourselves have not
been warning against our peculiar institu-
tions9 The prosperity of the Southern
community depends on the strength of the
tic which unitcs the master and slave, and
that again depends chiefly on the profits
of agriculture. Every dollar not actively
employed, directly or indirectly, in the
main business of our people, or some other
industrial occupation, is of little worth in
estimating the reliable wealth of the
State. The moral effect, however, is
much more serious. BY diminishing the
sources of direct production which enrich
the streams of industry and progress, you
multiply the number of that class among
us, whose bond to the community might
be cancelled in day.
As long as the interest of money is
legally forced beyond the point which, il
unrcstraned, it would usually reach, an
equality between it and the profits of capi
tai can scarcely ensue, especially, as the
latter require skill, labor and management
while the former is acquired without exer'
ton of body or mind.
The widow and the orphan who are
incapacitated for the business of Southern
agriculture, have generally their entire
property in bonds and stocks. A portion
of our male population, likewise, from
many cause.-the high rate of interes
for the use Of money being the prominen
one--in changing their avocations, have
civcn the same direction to their capital
, They find it easier and more profitable te
deal in paper securities, than to encounte
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1850-12-05
.EDGEFIELD,

The expediency of revising our crimi-
nal nal code seems to be universally conceded.
The number of offences punishable capi.
tally is unwise, and repugnant to the die.
tates OF humanity. Many of the statutes
Of force in South Carolina in relation to
crimes, arc wholly inappicable to tho con.
dltlon OF our society, and may add, form
of government. Enacted in Great Bri-
tain, at an early period of her history, but
subsequently modified, in part with view
to their adaptation to the spirit of the age,
and the progress of society, yet, in this
State several of them are unrepealcd, and
others are practically imperative.
Undistinguished by large cities, sparse
population, which too is almost exclusive
ly devoted to agricultural pursuits; ex-
emption from the evils of foreign emigra-
ton, and the class to which transgressors
of the law belong, being substituted by
the slave, who is rarely guilty of a heinous
offence, are the causes of the paucity of
crime in our limits, and which have rem,
dercd unnecessary, until now, any materi.
al changes in n code that, in other COM
munlties, the public safety would have
imperativcly demanded.
Twenty-Five crimes, of which seven are
clergyable, are punishable with death;
still, hanging is an uncommon spectacle
in South Carolina. The public whipping
of 4 white man believe to be in opposi-
ton to the popular sentiment In my
it is inhuman, degrading, and
violation of the rules of sound policy in a
southern community. Unlawful trading
and traficking with slaves, by which
white person knowingly inflicts upon So
ciety, and especially his vicinage, wide
spread and prolific evils, is perhaps one of
the very few offences deserving of corpo-
raj punishment.
Imprisonment, unaccompanied by labor
of any kind, experience has demonstra-
ted to be Of little efficacy as means Of
reformation. The period for which cul-
prits are confined, seldom as long as two
years for the most aggravated transgres-
sions, is too short for the mind to be ava
k"ned to thnnnrnseit" &C virtno"-
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1850-12-05
{. ..AuS VI

pv..y, encouraging all classes
to possess it, and insure to the untortu-
nate, especially the widow and the or
phan, perpetual dwelling place, accom-
panied by the means of making life sup
portable if not comfortable. In order that
it may not operate prejudiciously upon
creditors, the law should be prospective
in its operation. ---==
The public safety demanding the prompt
execution of the resolution Of the Legis-
lature, passed in lS4S, to increase the
number of small arms to twelve thousand.
have purchased largely of muskets and
rifles, and caused several thousand muske'
accoutrements to be manufactured princl'
pally in this town. The actual number
of small arms and other implements OF
war on hand at the time | entered into
office, and since put into the Arsenals by
my order, you will find in Exhibit A.
At an early period of tho present year
I visited the most vulnerable situations in
the State, in order to provide for them
the means of safety. The result has been
the erection of Magazines for fixed am
munition and depots for arms at George
town and Beaufort. As Charleston is moi
in the condition of defence which her ex
posed position and commercial Importance
eentitle her to be placed, / suggest the ex
pediency of Furnishing her artillery com
panies with two additional batteries, ant
again request that instructions be given te
remove the magazine from its present sitt
to the Citadel square. Full information
on the later subject accompanies this
communication.
The State being much in need of fiele
pieces, recommend that the Governor bt
authorized to purchase, with view to bt
deposited in the ArsefAs, six brass !:
Founders, six 6 Founders, and six lbs
Having been subjected, during my Off
cial term, to the mortiiying necessity o o
procuring military supplies from abroad
trust that this stigma on the enterpris
and sagacity of the State may shortly b.
blotted from its history. The establish
ment, in our limits, Of factories for small
arms and munitions, and boundaries 10
iron ordnance and bronze field pieces, il
dictated by sound policy and an enlightcn
ed forecast.
have to inform you, that I have re
ceived from Mr.. A. Hyde, the agent 10
the State, the sum of 1886 4G, bein!
nearly the entire amount due by the Fed
eral Government for expenses incurred b:
the State, in mastering the Palmetto Reg
mcnt into service. In relation to our CLAIM
for horses lost during the Florida war,
bill was introduced into the Senate b
Judge Butler, but as this occurred onl,
short time before the adjournment 9
Congress, it was not disposed of. In ,
liquidation of this claim, though undoubt
edly a Just one, cannot be relied upon
The want of vouchers, and an existin
arbitrary rule of the War Departmen,
which is rigidly enforced, are serious Oh
stacles in our way. The correspondent