The Woodville Republican. [volume] (Woodville, Miss.) 1847-1853, 1850-10-15

er exist II justice and kindness shall mark
our intercourse as confederates.
/ The difference in the social organization
the domestic structure--of the Northern
and Southern States is fundamental. This
difference, being fundamental, enters neces-
sariy into the internal political structure of
these States. and marks, as between the sec
tiOns, i'll their relation to each other, dis
tinct line of division in political interests.
This difference in interest can only consist
with union in government to the degree
that all legislation which can affect pgeludi-
cially the interest that divides them is for
borne, or that power exists in the interest
endangered to protect itself within the Gov
eminent. The Constitution provides no di-
/ rect means by which either section may at
its own will, and by an independent power,
check aggression, and defend itself from as
saut. For reason which | shall hereafter
show, the occasion for such check not be-
| ing apparent when the union was formed, it
was not provided for. Upon the forbearance
OF antagonistic interests it is idle to rely
The omission in the Constitution can only
be supplied by a policy in the Government
which may preserve such balance in the rel
ative power of the two interests as will en-
able each to protect itself
To produce a perfect check or counter
poise-an effective balance--by means to
which legislative policy is competent, each
section should have control of one of the leg
islative branches; and as the North is in as
tendency in the popular branch, the South
should be allowed preponderance i'll tins
body This, if practicable, would be one of
the means by which, it seems to me, the
harmony and union of the States might be
assured, and made perpetual. The power
in Congress to admit new States at discre-
ton makes it practicable. Hitherto, how
ever sufficient balance, and the defensive
power resulting from it, has been found in
the same fact which satisfied those interests
originally i'll forming their nnloll--namely
that the number of States represented in this
body was equally divided as near as could
be, between the two interests. True that,
from time to time, either interest may have
found itself in possession, for while, of a
superior number; bat this was rendered i'm
material, because, whenever that was the
case, 1t was we'll understood that a balancing
State was in progress of formation, soon to
restore the equality. Whether in the pro,
gressive lierceness which seems to mark the
antagonism of the sections, anything that is
competent to the legislative power, short OF
the surrender of one branch to each section
will give such assurance of safety from as
sault as will preserve harmony and union be-
tween them, is problematical But thus far
an equality OF representation i'll this body has
been deemed sufficient, and has answered
to certain extent, though not III perfect de:
gree the purpose of a practical check i'll the
power Of the two sections. The admission
Of California, in view Of existing facts con
nected with the political and territorial his
tory of the country of late years, confers up
on the North a majority in the Senate, with
out any probability that a balancing South
em Stale can ever be admitted. Can the
Southern section of States assent to this
Ought they to assent Can they or ough
they to permit it? Believing that no peo
: pie can wisely permit their destinies to pas
out OF their own independent control, ant
that least of all can the slaveholding States
, allow their destinies aud existence to pas
under the control of hostile interest anC
antagohistic power, | answer boldly and dis
tincty, as one of the representatives Of tht
Southern section, that we ought not ant
cannot.
While the increase of power in the Sen
ate is not necessary to the North, it is vita
to the South. In the first place the Nonl
; is in undisputed and Interchangeable posses
sion of the House of Representatives. He
power of defence is therefore perfect. Th'
South has no such element of power in thr
, Government. In the next place, the SoUtl
! has had an interest much more sensitive
than any which distinguishes the northern
: section, and legislative war upon which
would be attended with more fatal and wide
: spread calamities than would follow from
any assault to which the North is open. A
defensive power, therefore, is more essen
: tial to rs than to them But it may be salt
that because the political balance IN tht
Senate is lost, all is not lost-that the Ex
l ecutive and judicial departments are com
t petent, by the veto of the one and the ju
} dicial intervention OF the other, to preVen
/ unconstitutional legislation to our prejudice
, reply to this, that no efectual security cal
7 be found in the Executive or Judicial de
: partments, after the Legislative department
: Shall have passed into northern control II
S the same extent to which the North is in th
ascendant in the two branches OF Congres
; will it be in the ascendant in the Electora
, Colleges. With the power to make Pres
/. ldent in defiance of southern opposition, tn
; North may efiectually reduce TO her contro
: the Executive department. With north
: ern Executive to nominate Judges, and
o northern Senate to confirm, how long woul
t, it be before the Supreme Bench might b
IS filled with judges imbued with northern sci
= timents and bias, and instrumental to nortl
al em purposes of aggression? That the b
III eeutive and Judicial denartrncnts NAV I