New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1850-03-30

rncre are as many a. 100000 b. re TeT-ory a1-I
sh71id 10. be- inclined % believe taa: there caL BE-
ooe third Of that l1nbsr. j S q1ic evident -hai
taey are L1st.s aid that they o1gLt = Be c. -s,s
q 'or nc murders already conn tied
The sna. bands X t1 whom ] met scattered
h-ou "a tae lower portions o. tie foothills o.. tLs
-ierrs. aid the valleys between them and the
coast seemed % Dc almost 1- tie lowest grade o.
human beings. They live chiefly o. sc3ras roots.
insects. and the kernel Oh. tie pine on-r-oc-asl1n-
a ~ they catch hsh and game. They use TIE DOW
and arrow bu: are said 70 be too lazy and e5eml-
44te - make s1ccessiu. nulte-s Iney DO u0t ap-
GEAR . have the s.chtes; inclination 3 cultivate
The so uo- DO they even attempt it--as iar oo1id
obtain ialo-r atiCl--except when they are Induced
- enter tie service oi the white inhabitants They
have never pretended y hold any interest IN IT,
81 .or have they been treated By tie spanish Or
AUeri-au immigrants a. possessing any
The Mexican Government never treaisi with
them f0- tie purchase of land or the REIMBURSEMENT
O. s8y calm u t Whatever They are lazy. IDLE 20
,he las, degree. and although they are SAID % be
willing = give their services o any one who w..
provide them wi:h blankets. beef AMI bread, it Is
with mech difficulty they can be- made - perto-n
lab0. eaoIgh % reward their employers .o- these
gerv mted means Of comDrt
Formerly az the missions those who were brought
sp AID instructed by the p-ssts. made very good
servants Many Of those now attached . iami-
lies seem 20 be fat hfu ami intelligent. But those
who are 1T a.. IN wild and uuclltiva'e1 state are
most degraded objects OF h.tl and iteness.
u ia possible tnst Government might by collect
ilg them together teach them IN some degree.
the arts and habits Of civilization but % ~ MAJ
gdy Of the future from the past they vii dIsap
pear rom the face Ol tho earth 81 ths settlements
%. tao whites extend over the country 4 very
Considerable military force vii be necessary, hos.
ever, T. protect the euizrauts n the northern and
southern portions 0i tie Tcr'ItOrg.
CLIMATE
now come o. consider the climate The climate
o California is 81 remarkable Iu is periodical.
changes, and for the long continuance of the wet
aui dry seasons, dividing, a. they do, tho year into
about two equal parts which have n most peculiar
influence on the iabor applied 20 agriculture ard
the products 0 the soil and IN TACT, connect them
selves so inseparably with 81. the interests OF Tire
country. at ! deem It proper briefly TO mention
O.. causes whlra produce these changes aI'1
which o. viii be sccu As thls report proceeds must
exercise controlling Influence on the commo-0ia
prosperity aud resources of Tie country
I:is wcl-estabishc theory that the currents
Of ar under which the earth passes M It's durnai
revolutions follow The line OF the suns greatest a.
traction These currents OF air are drawn toward
TINS Inc from great distances on each side Of n
ani a. tie earth reyoives from west u east thcy
blow from northeast and southeast meeting. srd
ol course causing calm on the line
Thus, when the sun IS directly, n common par
iance. over the equator. 10 the month Of Marcn
these currents OF AIT blow from some distance uorh
81 the tupic OF Cancer and south OF the tropic ny
CAPRICORN an an ohlque direction toward tbs .iu c
I'd the suns greatest attraction and forming what
are Known as the north east and south east trade
winds
As the earth ,n its path round the sun. gradual
j. brings the hAe OF attraction north. 10 summer
.h-se currents Of air are carried ruth II 80 that
about the middle OF May the curont from Tie
l.. fN ~ - 49, . d
degree o north latitude. and By the twentieth ~
luLe lie period Of the suns greatest nodhern d.
chuatl11, TO tac northern portions Of California an
the southern section OF Oregon.
These northeast winds. IA their progress scross
The continent toward the Paciiie ocean. pass over
The snow capped ridges Of the Rocky mountains
and the Sierra Nevada and are OF course deprived
%. all toe moisture which can be extracted from
them by the low temperature OF those regions %
eternal snow. aud consequently 10 moisture can be
prtclpitated from them, ia the form Of dew or RAN.
IN cher temperature than that 20 which they
nave cen subjected. They therefore pass over the
nils and plains OF California, where the tempers-
turc is very high Ia summer, IN very dry state ,
anl 50 far from being charged with moisture, they
absorb, like sponge. all that the atnosp here AID
surface OF the earth can yield until both become,
apparently, perfectly dry
This process commences as have SAD, when the
me OF the suns greatest attraction comes north 49,
Summer, bringing with II these vast atmosphere
movements and on their approach produce The dry
season IN California which, governed by these avs
continues until some time after the sun repasses
The equsto IN September when about the middle
II November. the climate being relieved from the csc
northeast currents o. air. the southwest winds set
ia from the ocean charged with moisture-the rams
commence aud continue TO fall rot constantly ss
some persons have represented. but with sufficient
frequency TO designate the period Of their contlDu
he l+
middle OF May, 10 the latitude OF San FranciscA rs
the wet season.
L, follows as a matter OF course, that the a =
season commences first, and continues longest Ia
the Southern portions OF the Territory, and that
the climate Of the Northern part is influenced IN n
much less degree, by the causes which have
mentioned than any other section of the country
Consequently. we find thar as low down As lat.
lnde 39s rains are sufficiently frequent IN summer
T. render irrigation quite unnecessary 10 The per
feet maturity Of any crop which IS suited 70 the sol
and climate
There is an extensive ocean current OF cold wa
ter which comes from the Northern regions OF t!ie
Pacific. or. perhaps from the Art.c and flows alous
,Hc coast O, California 1t comes charged with al
em.ts boz It's progress, air which appears "a Tie
form OF log when II comes IN contact with higher
temperature on the American coast, as the Ga
stream OF the Atlantic exhsles vaPor when Il meets
n any part OF is progress, a lower temperature
ms current DRs Aot pecA anu ilii C-H
rs source temperature, velocity, width and oourse
nave not been accurately asccrtained.
Ii IS believed by Lieut.. Maury, on what he con
siders sufficient esidence-and 10 higher authority
can be cited-thsi the current comes IRON tie
coasts Of China and Japan. flows norhwardly 70
the peninsula Of kamtschstks. an, making cir
cult to the eastward strikes the American COST
in about latitude Al OF i2' Il passes theme
,outhwardy aud finally oses Itself IN the tropics
Below attitude thirty nine and west OF The loot
hills OF the Sierra Nevada, the forests o. CaAiornia
arc limited TO some scattering groves Of oak IN the
valleys and along the borders OF the streams, ard
Of red wood on the ridges aud IN the gorges OF ne
hilS-sometimes extending into the plains. Some
OF the hills are covered with dwarf shrubs, which
may be used as fuel With these exceptions, the
whole territory presents surface without trees %
shruhbcry. Il IS covered, however, with vsrous
species OF grass and for many miles nom the coast
With wild oats which IN the valleys, grow most
lnxulianilv These Crasses and oats mature ard
ripcn earIs In the dry season, AID soon cease e
orctec; the sol from the scorch,ng rays Of the si
As the Summer advances. the moisture Ia the g.
nosphers and tie earth, 20 a considerable depth
soon becomes exhausted and the radiation OF heei
irpm the extensive naked plains and MI sides Is
very crest
The cod. dry currents Of a. rom the northeast
after passing the Rccky Mountains and the >lerrs
Nevsds. descend 70 the Pacific, and absorb the
moisture OF the atmosphere, to great disiance
a, tn, ~glI .rau1 the :