Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1841-1853, 1850-12-05

important that unfortunate provsIonn the present
riff which imposes a much higher duty upon the raw
material that enters into manufactures than upon
the manufactured article, should be remedied.
The papers accompanying the Report OF the Secretary
of the Treasury will disclose frauds attempted upon the
revenue IN variety and great TO Justify
the conclusion that il is impossible under any system
advalorem levied cost value of the article TO
honest observance and efectual administration
the laws. The fraudulent devices to evade the law
which have been detected by the vglence oil the ap
praser leave TO doubt that similar imposition:
not discovered large amount have been successfully
practsed since the enactment oil the law now IN orce
This state of things has already had preJudcla niu
ence on those engaged In foreign commerce. Ii has
tendency drive the honest trader from the business
importing and throw that important branch OF com
into the hands of unscrupuous and dishonest
who always alike regardless OF law and the obliga
tons Of oath. By these means the plain intentions
Congress- expressed in the law, daily defeated
Every motive Of policy and duty, therefore, mpe me tC
ask the attention of Congress to this subject
If Congress- should deem il unwise tc attempt any i'm
portant changes in this system, Of laying duties at this
session. it xill become Indispensable to the protection oil
the revenue that such remedies in the Judgment o
Congress may mitigate the evils complained oil should
be at applied
As before stated specific duties would, in my opin
ion, afford the perfect remedy for this evil But
you should concur in this view, then, practical
remedy, beg leave, respectfully to recommend that
instead of making the invoice of the article abroad
of determining its value here, the correctness
which invoice it is. in many cases, impossible to verify
the law be so changed require home valuation
appraisment to be regulated in such manner to give
as fair practicable. uniformity in the ports.
There being Mint in California, am informed
that the laborers in the mines compelled to dispose
of their gold at large discount. This appears to me
to be heavy and unjust tax the labor oil those en-
poyed in extracting the precious metal and doubt not
you will be disposed the earliest period possible to
relieve them from it by the establishment of Mint In
the meantime. assayers office is established there
would respectfully submit for your consideration the
koch
assaycd and stamped be received in payment of gov
eminent dues. / cannot conceive that the Treasury
would suffer any loss by such provision which will al
raise bullion to its value and thereby save at
am Chilly inormed) many millions Of dollars to the
laborers which are now paid in brokerage convert
this precious metal into available funds This discount
upon their hard earnings is heavy tax and every effort
should be made by the government to relieve them from
great burden.
More than hee-fourths of population engaged
in the cultivation of the soil The Commerce, Manu-
featuring and Navigating interests all to great
extent dependent upon the Agricultural Ii Is, there
ore the most important interest oil the nation, and has
Just claim the fostering and protection of this
government, far they can be extended consistent
with the provisions Of the Constitution. As this cannot
be done by the ordinary modes of legislation respect
fully recommend the establishment OF an Agricultural
Bureau be charged with the duty of giving to this
leading branch of American industry the encouragement
which well deserves. In view Of the immense min
eral resources OF country, provision should he re
to collect specimens Of the various minerals of
try and ascertain by careful analysis their respective
elements and properties and their adaptation to useful
purposes He should Also be required 10 examine and
report upon the qualities of different soils, and the man.
nure best calculated to improve their producveness
BY publishing the results of such experiments with suit
able explanations and by the collection and distribution
of seeds and plants with instructions the bes
system of cultivation much may be done to promote this
great national interest.
In compliance with the Of Congress- passed the
23d of May, 1885, providing, among other things, fo
taking the 9TH Census, superintendent was appoint
ed and all other measures adopted which were deemed
necessary the prompt and faithful performance
OF that duty The appropriation already made will II
is believed be sufficient to defray the whole expense
the work but further Legislation may be necessary IL
regard to the compensation of of the Marshals
the Territories 1t will, also be proper make pro
vision by law at day. for the publication OF sucf
abstracts of the returns the public interest may
quire
The unprecedented growth OF our territories the
Pacific in wealth and population, and the consequent in
Of their social and commercial relations with the
Atlantic States seemed TO render 1t the duty oil the Gov
eminent TO use all its Constitutional powers improve
the of intercourse with them. The importance
Of opening line of communication, the best and mos
expeditions of which the nature OF the country will ad
nit between the valley of the Mississippi and the Pacific
brought to your notice by my predecessor, in his
annual message, and to the which he present
ed in favor of the measure, and which still exist in ful
force beg leave to call your attention, and to repeat
the recommendations then made by him.
The uncertainty which exists in regard TO the validity
of land titles in California is subject which demand;
your early consideration Large bodies OF land in thai
State are claimed under grants said to have been made
by authority of the Spanish and Mexican Governments
Many of these have not been perfected others have beer
revoked, and some believed to be fraudulent. But
until they shall have been ludiciay investigated they
will continue retard the settlement and improvement
OF the country therefore, respectfully, recommend
that provision be made by law for the appointment
Commissioners to examine all such claims, with view
TO their final adjustment.
also beg leave to call your attention the propr
ETY. of extending an early day, system OF lane
laws with such notifications may he necessary,
the State of California and the territories Of Utah anC
New Mexico.
The mineral lands of California will Of course, form
exception any general system which may be adopt
ed. Various methods of disposing OF them have beer
suggested. at first inclined to favor the system
of leasing il seemed promise the largest revenue
the and to afford the best security agans
monoposts but further reflection, and our experience
in leasing the lead mines and selling lands upon credit
have brought my mind to the conclusion that there Womb
be great difficulty in collecting the rents and that the
relation of debtor and creditor between the citizen anc
the government would he attended with many mischev
consequences. therefore recommend that, instead
OF retaining the mineral lands under the
troll Of the government they be divided into small par
GELS and sold under such restrictions qantty and
time will insure the best price and guard most efiec
tualy against combinations of capitalists to obtain
nopolles.
The annexation Of Texas and the acquisition Of Cali
fornia and New Mexico, have given increased mpor
Indian relations The various tribes brought
under jurisdiction by these engagements OF our
boundaries estimated to embrace population o
1874 .00O
Texas and New Mexico surrounded by power
ul tribes of Indians who Of constant
and annoyance the inhabitants Separating into small
predatory bands and always mounted they the
country devastating FARMS destroying crops driving of
whole herds Of cattle, and occasionally numbering the
inhabitants carrying them into captivity. The grea
roads leading into the country infested with them
whereby travelling is rendered extremely dangerous, anC