The New York herald., 1850-05-19

tan, the Chinese Empire, Siberia and Western Rus
sia, the Black Sea, Turkey, and Arabia, are as fol-
| Bokhars, Khorasan, Kokam, Lindhy Herat, Bn
charia, &c., &c. The chief towns complehended
within this region Of Central Asia, are Balk, Sa-
markand, Bokhara, Cabul and Candahar. AT these
| emponums an extensive trade is conducted with
the interior countries by means ofcaravans, though
there is abundance of deep and accessible river
| navigation. Cahul is indeed the mart of all Hin
doosan, whittier resort the merchants of that vast
Empire, while Candahar monopolizes in rivalry
| the trade OF the khorasan. A Siberian trade Is
also transacted al Tashhend, of the chiefowns
| OF ferghaDa in which 5000 camels are employed
The towns Immediately upon the banks of the In
dus, generally clever sized and through these
profitable commerce is transacted for the near mar
| kets. The staple exchanged for European goods,
is wool-that is, woollen goods, for which Thibet
and The nearer provinces 10 the Arabian Sea are
renowned Manufactures in gold and silver, such
as ornaments, DC, are likewise barered. AT Leh,
the capital Of ladak, Uittle Thbei,) the CASH
mere shawl trade Is conducted, being naturally the
thoioughlare for the caravans passing from Var.
kand, Lassa. and Russia, to Cashmere, Lahne, and
India proper One thousand camel loads OF the
Cashmere goat wool are here annually sold and
Changed tor European goods, the principal of which
are cotton fabrics, manufactured from United States
growihs Shaws and rinkets are obtained at
merely nominal prices, while the value of our cotton
exceeds 200 per CT, in value what il obtains at Bonn
bay. The estimate put upon the shawl and other
trade along the Indus, and al the intenor iharts
including The imports, rs tiO1 1000, allowing
ntll OF Nhlcn 10 estimate OF the bar
tered IN exchange, the whole of the S}2 0OO. 900
valuation is obtained for about 100000. The
opium here also shipped for the China markets. has
been varousiy computed AT from %, 900 TO 10000
chests and this, al the nominal rate of 5000 each
chest, tbelow lis saleable yiue,) would amount 10
5000, 600 or 80, coo, 900.
such is, briefly, the character of the traffic upon
the Indus. But, besides the route of this river and
iis conneSiOn in different directions with the interior,
by means offs ailluens, extensive intercourse is
kept up 10y caravans with kelat, Cabul, (not the
town. but The province) Bella, tltrat kanoahar. and
the chiefmarts OF Central Asia through wealthy and
popular Breoochistnn, by way OF the Belooch
port OF Sonmennne, in the province of Luz, west of
kunachee. There is another route, irrespective of
the above, through Persia, from the port of
Bushue, overland, that intrrsects with a number
OF large and commodious cities, at the inland ter
minus of which is lspahan, where all the trade
diverg'ng from Aiighanislan, India, Chinese Tur-
kesian, Thibei, China, Turkey, and Egypt, con-
centfaies, and which would be wholly intercepted.
lspalian Is the emporium of Persia. Al this mart
II Is said American goods are displayed by British
merchants, and the demand for our cotton fabrics
there Il steadily and widely increasing A word as
to how Thibet is reached. Although accessible by
an afliueDt, with the Indus, its principal commune
cation with the Indian Ocean is by way of the
River Brahmaputra, inters,ctng the Dzapgbo,
thence enpiying into ,he Bay of Bengal, making
III length over 800 miles. The river is deep and
navigable, and flows through the fertile valleys OF
Assem-, which are supposed TO produce teas supe-
ror 10 those grown in China. Besides, the route is
somewhat nearer for American vessels, not to
mention, IN coDnexion with teas, that the India
rubber tree grows here in great abundance.
We have now glanced briefly at the countries of
the Last, with whom II Is proposed opeu dplc-
matte relations IL will be perceived that every
advantage and facility IL afforded for the exchange
OF wares, surplus cotton, and such other
factuTcs and products as supplied by English
enterprise, shipped, il were. past our ports nto
the Southern seas, whittier competition should long
since have led us Blu, il is not teo hate provided
the government lends itself to a system of dipo-
| macy which cannot but result TO our benefit, in
stcd ci boltcring np proPo iuons Tor party capital
at home-schemes that ever have been, and ever
| will be, the opposite of commercial prosperity and
| The happiness of people
9th SIAM We now recur. in conclusion, to
4! SIAM the only ndependency not noticed II unites
/ with The Binnah empire, and is divided from the
bay OF Bengal by the peninsula Of siam, recently
annexed 10 the BTman possessions. The kingdom
| coninins 10000 square miles, with population OF
/ 3,IcoCtO. II is one Of the most prolific countries
| IN southern Asia, and has water coursc-thc river
| Memam-which is navigabe for vessels ~ miles
into the interior, as far up the city of Bangkok.
the capital Of the kingdom. The products, Sc., of
The country are pepper sugar. Tin, clrdanons, eagle
! wood, sapan-wood red mangrove, bark, wood,
Gotten, ivory, stick lac, rice, sreca nuts, salt fish,
the hides and skins OF oxen bufiaIoes, elepI ,nts
rhinoceroses deer, tigers, leopards, offers, civct
cats. pangons, feathers Of the stork, pescocks,
culent swallows nests, and other articles, which
are shipped for the ports OF China, where the TO-
reign trade Of the Samcse is mainly, but not Who'll
ly. confined. The Chinese, however, trade thence
lacca, in vessels built in Siam. The trade with
the islands of the Maayan archipelago is of n DIFF
crent character, consisting OF salt, sugar, OIL hogs
lard, rice, &c. In return they accept British GOODS
generally, and such articles they can dispose of
In the China maj kcs. Siam IN the only country
with which the Chinese government recognises an
established commerce. 10000 tons Of cIayed SUI
gar and 1000 tons of black pepper. are annually
exported from Bangkok. From this point, Thibet
s nearly accessible as by way OF the bay Of Ben
gal. end from hence, also. the Birrnan empire is
open 10 exploration throughout it, central parts
II is supposed that commercial privileges with the
kingdom might be secured without much, IL any,
difficulty, and the profitable trade il presents would
warrant Us in making the experiment.
We have now with few slight or Indifferent
exceptions, examined the whole Of the immense
trade that invites US TO the East; and that IL pre-
sens n magnificent picture, none viii deny.
volume might he written upon the subject, but this,
condensed for the occasion, and with the leading
facts dtriytd from the Secrctary's report must suf
hce. Every reader, with map Of Asia before him,
trece the tortuous but practical windings OF
this stupendous scheme, which coniemplates pre-
ccdcnt for American enterprise in the waters of
strange hemisphere. lf we open the pages Of our
commerce and navigation report, we find tina, the
value Of entire exports To the foreign world does
not exceed sl5OOooooO, aud is confined almost ex-
clusivcly TO ports near shores. Great Bri-
tain omitted, and the traffic dwindIes into a
TITLE. We speak of our vessels dottIng the sur
face Of every sea. II is mistake. With Europe
our commerce is upon tolerable footing; but with
TO a unit The vast empire owned by us upoa the
Pacific, places us almost within aecostng distance
with thesc countries, and thence, with our vessels
uron the Atlantic, should we send abroad into the
heart Of Chinese, Russian, Indian, and the Onen-
tai mars, our hardy merchantmen, bearing away
the results OF our industry and SKILL for the silks
and gems, and minerals, and natural products Of
countries TO which at present we are az aliens aud
strangers. The field Is not entirely closed to va.
England has vast possessions there, and powerfully
Influences the markets Of the Indus and China;
L. IL al. -.
advantages are as a drop Of water to the ocean
We possess the required stsple. II s our cotton
! that gi,cs her this controlling influence; and once
\ the looms OF America were employed for the marts
I of Asia, her profits and successful competition
\ would cease. The other manufactures indispcnsa-
bic, we csn also supply and thus, in few years,
the empire of trode well as Of races, wouldtake
its way West until il reunited sgain at The emPori-
ums Of the East.
TuE FonrrsT Dfvoncr CAsE IN PHifapErrnA.-