The New York herald., 1850-12-03

of Justice, in order TO complete its work. has pre-
pared new bill on the distribution, in a regular |
order, OF the price OF real properly, couc ,tng, as
much as 10 possible, promptitude with security.
The attention of the National Assembly will, at
the same time, be called to bills relating either TO
the rehabilitation OF persons condemned. or to the
repression OF crimes and misdemsanors committed
in foreign countries by Freach subjects. or other
important points Of our penal sgislauon.
Six thousand convicts, kept at the bagnes OF
ct an enormous charge, whilst at the same time
they render each other more aud more depraved,
ard necessarily menace society. IL has appeared
possible 10 render the punishment of hard labor at
| the hulks more efficient, more moral, less expen-
| sive, and, al The same tim., more hum ine, by
utilizing II in forwarding Freach colonization. A
| bill will be submitted to you on this question.
1t will be proposed, at the same time, to render
| more useful and more real the surveillance to
which such malefactors subjected, as are
| pur ished by the courts Of law with petne gNic-
| ttye ct injamante.
The number of crimes aud misdemeanors COM
mitted each year, proves how indispensable is the
amelioration of our egisa ton. But those modi6-
cations, which prepare a penitentlary reform. will
render il less expensive and will diminish the fire.
| qaency of second offences They will thus con-
tribute 10 the work Of justice and moralization,
which the heads of the courts OF law persevere in
| with so impartial devoledness and so vigilant a
| !irmness.
! PUBLIC INSTRUCTION AND WORSHIP.
Art Of the constitution ed the introduc-
| ton into instruction of liberty and concurrence,
under certain conditions Of capacity and morality,
| and under the surveillance of the state. Two mea-
sures have prepared the law which operated this
radical reform; the FIRST is the abolition of the
uhcae Of studies; the SECOND is the Hals;:ory law
relative TO the nomination and dismissal OF primary
teachers. The former has put an end to old and
\ violent claims, and the atter-according to the
Unanimous reports OF the prefects-has been at
| tended with the best results. The important law
| of the 18th of March, 1850, led to a considerable
remodelling OF the personne as well as to new re-
<v,,I.t Il laxxx L..--
| this double work. The first is nearly completed
| Different DEGREES, prepared with the concurrence
OF the council OF state, have provided for the most
urgent regulations. Other projects are under con-
sderation. Everything announces that, in general,
the provisions of the new law will realise the hopes
both of the government and of the assembly.
| The administration of public worship has obtain
ed from the Holy See, after tardy negotiations, a
| measure which has been long demanded-the
erection OF three colonial bishoPrics, and the no
mination of three prelates for Martinique, Guada-
| loupe, and the lie de la Reunion. la the same
consistory, the sovereign pontiH proclaimed three
| new cardinals, granted to the church of France
an eminent mark of gratitude towards our country,
and of esteem for the French episcopacy.
The effective strength of the army, which, in
June, lS49, amounted to 45l 900 men and SO, ,75l
horses IS now only 1896 900 men and 81 400 horses,
and it will soon come within the limits of the
budget, where it will be maintained, if political af
fairs will allow of it. Its organization will not be
| dehnitve until after the adoption of the bills on
| Assembly
] Different means have, however, been adopted to
| increase the comforts of the soldier, to diminish
| the non effective strength OF the corps, and TO
modify the administrative control. l again call
your attention to tn. bills which have been pre-
sented to you, and which may improve the position
of the officers, the sub officers and the prvates.
Algeria had suffered much from the political
| events of lSiS. The notable dminuton in the
effective strength of our forces did not prevent
| brave army from facing every danger which pre-
| seDted itself. Zastcha was taken after the per-
| formsnces OF prodigies of vaior; Boucada sub
miued, and our domination being consod ited we
| were enabled TO pursue the work of pacification
| In the province OF Constantine, one column in May
| and June went over the conquered country between
Setif and Bougia; the BENZ Immels were over
| thrown by the brave and unfortunate General
Barra, and some days afterwards the Benz Merails
In the south, the Aures was several times visited by
| our troops; the submission of the Nememchas
| cured important SUPP lies to our markets. and the
| new organization of these countries opened TO us
path INTO the interior of Africa. The tranquility Of
the works which have been commenced; the peo.
| pie have suffered much from famine, and the mill
| iary authorities assisted them by every means in
| their power. Tranquility has been m maintaned in
| the province OF Oran everywhere, thanks to the
| INTEL gence OF The officers Of our Arab bureaux
the natives every day appreciate more and more the
justice of our administration.
| The work OF coloniZati progresses the forty
| two agricultural colonies distributed in our
three provinces NAV, with time become fine
establishments European population Of l5 900
| lagos. IL 900 celonists having erected buildings,
the actual value of which are fourteen millions,
shows progress which, hope, will not relax. Oar
$3.50 kilomeires e sii miles1. Our ielegraphic
lines are composed Of sixty four stations, and will
| shortly be completed by thirty additional oies
| The nsalubrty Of the climate lessons every day
nearly 5000 hectares OF swamps have been drain
| ed. The fruifuness Of the land has been increased
by the digging Of 250 900 metres of canals for rrt.
cation, AND $1,000 drains, ll60 900 metres of sque-
M dutfc ot.rtn .x-,th
| Nearly 300 editices Of different kinds have been
built mp to this time. The important works in the
port OF Algiers are in active progress. The ad-
| mlnistration has been informed ot a considerable
quantity Of veins Of minerals. which will shortly
contribute 20 the riches Of Algeria and the mother
| country, The cultivation Of tobacco, OF the mul.
| berry, OF cotton has considerably developed itself
| the trade IN wool already amounts to thirty-six
millions, and that in skins twenty.fo MILL lons
| Immense works Of defence, barracks tor 10000
men, hospifals for 1000 Sick guarantee the safety
| OF our conquest and the comfort Of our army, from
the incessant fatigues arising from the important
part they take in all the great works of which We
have just spoken The State will neglect nothing
| TO promote the prosperity ef the colony.
MARINE.
| The navy has been maintained on a respectable
footing not withstanding the reductions conman 4
| ed by the budget. Foreigners have borne testimony
\ 70 The hne organization Of our fleet assembled AT
| Cherheurg. Our maritime force Is only composed
Of I25 vessels, instead Of 235, which we had ia ac-
tive service in lsis. IL employs 2, ,J6l meo, in-
4 ettad ot SS,SSl IN lhht ftH ne present eHective
strength imperfectly sufiices for the protection Of
French interests in the different parts Of the globe.
The spirit OF our seamfn is excellent and their de-
| yotedness equal to any trial. The workmcn Of
our arsenals, enlightened by experience, have
| sumed their labors with activity, and we can point
out the following important ones AT Cherbourg,
the breakwater, the new arsenal, the fort des Fla
| mands, and the digging out OF the back dock At
| Toulon. the deepening Of the roadstead, the fifth
part Of which is already completed at Oeron, the
| building Of fort Byard, for the protection OF the
roadstesd Of the lie d'AixiAt Port Vendres, every.
thing that is necessary to offer a refuge to the
| fleet; and at Msrseilles, the new dock.
| While awaiting the results of the parliamentary
inquiry, the government has been compelled to de.
fer any radical reform in the diff, branches Of
| the complicated administration of the department
| Of the Marine. Nevertheless, by decree Of the
10Th January, 1850, the council OF the Admiralty
| was constituted in such manner as to secure TO