Weekly national intelligencer., 1850-11-16

in the ordinary way. They are Of more agree
able flavor, and are made more rea dlly to assume
the forms which in the trade answe, the demands
of consumption. The several crystal uzasions art
facilitated and are prolonged, utilizing the sruPs
: which formerly became molasses. " think
therefore, that it may at once be said that oy III
Producing into the manufacture of indigenol $ su
gar the new method, of whose happy results W.
have just been speaking, M. Rousseau has made
decided Improvement, and rendered service wor.
thy of fixing the attention of the Academy and
deserving Its appreciation"
By-the-way, our scientific young countryman,
Mr.. J. LAWRENCE SMITH,. who has just returned TO
the United States, told me that he had made the
Rousseau system the subject of special study, with
view to lis introduction in the Southern States
1t had been supposed hitherto that the azote
which enters into the composition Of atmospheric
air exercised but a very secondary influence in the
process Of vegetation that the amount of this SUBJ
stance which is absorbed by plants in considerable
quantities was obtained exclusively from the soil
and from manures. M. WILLIE, French chemist,
has been devoting himself during the last three
years to the solution Of the phenomena of vegeta-
ton, and this subject has particularly drawn the
attention OF the young saUanf He has made it
the subject OF communication to the Academy of
Sciences. He declares that he has demonstrated,
atmospheric, far from being inactive, performs a
most important part in the nutrition Of vegetables
He submits the result, and prays the Academy to
| nominate from its body commission TO examine
his work, his process, his apparatus, and report
upon the value which science should place upon
his labors. The commission has been appointed
1t consists Of NM. Cherreul, Regnault, de JUS
sieu, Boussngault, and Payen.
The thirteenth edition of De TocoUEvILLE' 8
/" Democracy in America" has just appeared here,
revised, corrected, and augmented by IAN appen-
dix, and also by an able article comparing Demo
cracy, as developed in the United States, with that
practised in Switzerland.
M. GUIzoT has appeared again in the literary
world by the publication of an historical etude, en-
titled " Monk. The fall OF the Republic and
re-establishment of the Monarchy in England in
l66O." This etude appeared in fragments several
years since in g The French Review but has
never before been published separately or COM
pletey. M. Guzot has carefully revised and
augmented the work. Several curious public docu-
ments are here published for the first time viz !:
a letter of Richard Cromwell to Monk, and seventy
dispatches addressed in 659-60 to Cardinal Maza-
rim by M. de Bordeaux, French ambassador at
London. The work is published with a new pre-
face Of much interest historically, but of special
political interest from its supposed bearing upon
actual French politics. In fact, during the last
three months the newspapers have been discussing
Gen. Changarnier the Monk of France; the
project being attributed to this distinguished mill
tary man of heading movement to result in the
suppression of the Republic and the restoration of
the legitimate monarch.
Although M. Guizot is well known to have re-
turned to active political lfe and be striving
impress particular direction upon public affairs
in France, he prefers would seem for the present
to exercise his influence sub rosa, and to remain
osensibly private citizen. last evenings paper
asserts positively that he refused nomination as a
candidate for the National Assembly from the de-
partment Of the Cher.
/ The presence Of sugar in The blood and in other
animal fluids has been for long time regarded as
a normal fact; but the sugar has been supposed to
be derived from the ailments taken, and the guam
tty to vary with the character Of those ailments.
M. BERNARD has lately submitted to the Academy
of Sciences paper, the object of which is to show
as the result of long and satisfactory experiments
that it is the liver itself which enjoys the property
of secreting sugar, deriving from the blood its con-
stituen elements. He has prosecuted his expert
ments upon man and upon all the lower animals,
even to the molluscs, and has invariably found the
blood upon leaving the liver to contain sugar during
the process of digestion. He believes that the
presence of sugar in the animal organic system
is an nvariabIe fact, and necessary to the regular
and healthful accomplishment of the phenomena
of nutrition. He has observed that the digestive
function becomes less active and ceases, the guam
tity of sugar supplied from the liver by the SUBJ
hepatic veins dminishes, and that at the time
the hepatic tissue is deprived of the saccharine
matter which it contained and he remarks that
with the cold-blooded animals in good health, and
in their usual condition of alimentation, the liver
never entirely destitute of sugar, because these
animals in such circumstances renew their repast
before the saccharine principle contained in the
liver is totally exhausted. Subject the animal,
however, to forced abstinence, and the moment soon
arrives when the sugar entirely disappears both
from the tissue of the liver and from all other organs
of the body. Upon operating upon carnvorous
animals which had been confined exclusively for a
period of seven or eight months to animal food,
M. Bernard constantly found that the blood, upon
its entrance from the intestnes into the liver, was
without the slightest trace Of sugar, while the
blood in the liver itself and in the sub hepatic veins
was abundanlly charged with this substance. This
fact is deemed decisive in proof Of his theory,
that it is the liver which secretes or rather forms
the sugar, and that this organ operates in its for
nation independently of the nature of the ailments
which support animal life. The function of the
liver, then, is two-foId. I, secreies bile and it
forms sugar. This latter operation would seem
to commence even prior to birth, for M. Bernard
has observed thr presence of sugar in the liver OF
the fBlus Of mammiferous animals and of birds at
various epochs OF the fetal life. Touching these
two products Of the liver, il remarkable that while