The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06

swer what is equivalent TO an intimation that the
further interference of the French is unnecessary
and unpalatabe. The Pope refuses 10 return Ia
Rome but moves still further off from il and the
French being about going TO Naples. And the
French government now hnds that while he is
seemingly very thankful TO them for his reinstate
ment to temporal power, at the expense of bonn
bardment of''the Eternal city" and the slaughter
of thousands of its citizens, he is by means dis
posed 10 make his rule more lenient but seems de-
termined 20 keep down his refractory subjects with
a heavy hand; that il has gained odium abroad
unpopularity at home has nearly ruined the
grandest of cities, and added 10000 900 ON TO the
years expenses, only 10 renstate despotc govern
ment of priests, and 10 have served catspaw 10
| Austria.
As in Rome, so throughout Europe, il seems hard
10 change old habits and settled ideas Ii is sad
see the stubbornness with which the rulers of the
various nations which have been convused by rev.
olution cling TO their old traditions and refuse 10
profit by experience Scarce saved from annihila-
| ton, and with their lettering thrones upheld by
bayonets, they abate not one whit of their despot-
| ISM but seem rather to desire, by an increase of
IT, TO strike terror to their subjects All GERMANY
all Italy, is now kept down by standing armies and
martial law In some portions of both countries il
is but by the armies of intervening powers and vet
they lord il the people in a more high handed
manner than ever. Take, for example, one of the
nearest countries to France Baden, which borders
ON IT,. In May last, the Grand-duke was driven
out OF his dominions; the whole land rose in arms
his own army even joined in the insurrection IL
finally put down, after much bloodshed, by
Prussian Intervention; and now, surrounded by a
Prussian army, he is once more in his capital and
Is safe there only 80 long as his land is occupied by
Prussian troops. Yet, instead Of trying to conci-
ate his people, who have themselves most suffered
by this insurrection-whc has cost them four
thousand lives and twelve millions Of dollars and
whose crops are greatly destroyed and injured by
the late disturbances ! say, of adopting
lenient measures TO conciliate his people, his first
acts to punish many who have taken refuge in
fight have price set upon their heads, and their
/ =
martials and executed Immediately the prisons
swarm with political offenders. do not take up
German paper but ! find accounts of shooting and
hanging for being implicated in instructions.
The condition of things throughout Europe, but
more especially in those countries where revolu-
ton has appeared is sickening. Every where are
the armies on war footing, and this necessarily
adds 10 the expenses of their governments and to
the suffering of the people Many of the usual
sources of revenue are dried up-trade and man
ufactures have been for the past eighteen months
| at a stand-still-the rich are impoverished
poor starving-taxes increased-martial law every
where-and soldiers quartered upon the people,
sometimes without any compensation allowed, and
at others with pittance which will not half paw
the expense OF maintenance-felds laid waste
towns and cities IN ruins-every where mourning
for slain or exiled friends and reatiyes-every
where bloody traces of civil war; and governments
with bankruptcy staring them in the face, legis
late with armed hands, force loans, taxes and con-
trlbutons, and use all the make shifts which an
empty treasury and extraordinary calls upon il
give rise to.
The misery throughout Europe is indeed great
Revival of trade and confidence will do much 10
| mitigate it, but 1t will be long the suffering
caused by this revolution shall have passed away
One of their great troubles in southern Europe
Will be with their paper money. AS necessary
consequence of the terror which the revolution and
the bloody scenes of the past year inspired specie
almost disappeared from circulation each one hid
ing what he had. All sorts of devices were adopt
ed to supply Its place. Its expectation forbid
IL 10 IL .afo
issued-permits TO bankers and corporations 10
make similar issues were granted but these rem
edies proved insufficient. In Austria and Bavaria
the past summer, such has been the want for small
coin that the form (forty cents) bank notes
very commonly halved, quartered, and even
divided into eghths, in order To make euuiva-
lent sums in change; as, for example, for five
cents the eighth of form note is given and
these "rags" pass readily current. This not
sufficing, inn keepers, merchants towns corpora
tons, &c, have issued small notes, which pass or
which have TO pass for want of other currency in
their neghborhood. Specie, of course is enor-
mously high. | am told that il commands almost
all over Austria from 25 to IS per cent. The silver
thaler Of Prussia, for example, IL worth now in
northern Austria 80 per cent. premium in the cur
rency Of the country and gold ia still higher The
Austrians and Hungarians have each for months
past been manufacturing continually vast quaint
ties of bank notes, which forced into circula-
ton. The report of the Bank of Vienna lately pub
lished, gives specie deposite of twenty mil
lions to paper circulation of almost ttco hundred and
siIty millions and this probably Is far short of the
| mark Kossuth who had a mania for financiering
was by no means behind hand with Austria in put
ting forth paper money; presses were kept at work
| day and night manufacturing it. The Austrian
notes declared worthless, and vast quantities
of the Hungarian came into clrcula ton and passed
readily. One Of the first acts Of the Austrian gov
| eminent, since the submission of Gorgey, il 20 de-
clare these worthless. The Russians, however,
have taken them freely at par, and il u thought
that some arrangement will BE- made lesz fatal 10
rial he tui afio Of
Venice they have declared the Venetian to be
available only at so per cent less than par. Such
acts are unworthy the government Of civilized
nation.
The particulars Of the submission Of Hungary are
doubtless familiar 70 you. Ii came unexpectedly
upon all Europe, and IL considered very generally
as piece of treachery on the part of GOrgey, who
with an army Of over 25OOO men, and train of las
cannon surrendered in the open field TO the Russian
| general. He has proved himself in more than one
battle 10 be a brave man, and the charge Of cow
srdce cannot be laid 10 him. As in all the revolu
| tons and Instructions since February lS4s, 50
here, the personal eaousies and ambitions Of their
leaders caused nearly every failure. The two prin
| clpsl characters in the revolution, kossuth and
GOrgcy, were rivals, and hated each other cordial
ly. Gorgey had gained immense reputation, and
the rank Of field marshal, by his courage and ener-
gy in the capture Of Ofcn, and aspired 10 the Die
tatorship az being better becoming general like
Gorgey, than a civilian like Kossuth. The letters
II kossuth 10 Benz, found by the Austrians i'm the
lstter's carriage which they had seized show Kos.
suth's suspicious and hate of Gorgey; and a letter
written since his flight his old colleague in the
ministry, Batthiany, proclaims the submission Of
Hungary a. owing 10 Gorgey's treachery. Gorgyy's
end H. however. attained; kossuth az well az most
Of bis military rivals have taken flight 10 Turkey
| and he y now the great man IN Hungary, il fitted
| and petted in the Russian camp, and may, perhaps
\ b. rewarded by Russian commission The sur
/ render 10 the Russians Il very significant fact
however, and, well the dispatches Of the Rus.
-ian general 70 his emperor proclaimng that "Hun-
gary u at the feet Of your majesty and victory has
crowned Efforts" il any thing but palatable 10
| the Austrians Russia seems evidently more popu.
| lar At this moment with the Hungarans than Aus.
tria, and the latter has good reason 10 be Jealous
/ Of il.
had, bvfJfc the news Of the capitdlation Of Cor
gey reached me, prepared for you long letter on
Hungary, but u - now "Out Of season." and
withhold a. Had another than GOrRey had com
mand Of the army which he surrendered the war
would have terminated, think quite differently
IL would al least think, have continued ON all H.
winter, and AN entirely new aspect Of thing
been given. kUssuth's plans were ~ have the win.
/ ter's operations in Hungary confined entirely 10
\ that portion bounded one side by the Theiss
I and on the other by the Carpathian mountains By
1 -afrF rtF.e 10. a.