The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-12-25

Of any other power. The principal commercial
states have IN this common interest, and il is TO
De hoped that of them will attempt TO inter
pose obstacles TO the entire independence of the
islands
The receipts into the treasury for the fiscal year
ending on the thirtieth of June last were in cash
forty eight millions eight hundred and thirty thou,
sand ninety seven dollars and fifty cents, $4s,-
S3O,O97 50,) and in Treasury notes funded ten
millions eight hundred and thirty three thousand
dollars QO, 1893 ,OOO) making aggregate of fifty
nine millions 81 hundred and sixty three thousand
ninety seven dollars and fifty cents, SIS, $685.
O97 SOD and the expenditures, for the same time
were IN cash, forty six millions hundred and
ninety eight thousand six hundred and sixty seven
dollars and eightytwo cents s At. 79S, 667 81, and
in Treasury notes funded, ten millions eight hun
dred and thirty three thousand dollars, $l0,S33,-
OoO, making an aggregate of fifty seven millions
SIX hundred and thirty lone thousand six hundred
and sixty seven dollars and eighty-two cents,
($57 1881 ,667 so.
The accounts and estimates which will be sub
mitted TO Congress in the report of the Secretary
OF the Treasury, show that there will probably be
deficit occasioned by the expenses of the Mexican
war and treaty, the first day Of July next Of five
millions eight hundred and twenty eight thousand
Cae hundred and twenty one dollars and sixty-six
plaens, (S5s2S, 2l Co., and the first day of July
no S5l, of millions five hundred and forty seven
thousand and ninety two dollars and seventy three
focents, ($l0,547 ,092 73,) making in the whole
probable deficit, to be provided for, of sixteen mil
hundred and fourteen dollars and thirty nine cents
($l6,375,2l4 49, The extraordinary expenses of
the war with Mexico, and the purchase Of Cafor
mia and New Mexico, exceed in amount this deficit,
together with the loans heretofore made for those
objects. therefore recommend that authority be
given to borrow whatever sum may be necessary
to cover that deficit. recommend the observance
of strict economy in the appropriation and expend-
ture of the public money.
recommend revision of the existing tariff, and
its adjustment a basis which may augment the
revenue. / do not doubt the right or duty of Con-
gress to encourage domestic industry, which is the
great source OF national well individual
wealth and prosperity. | look to the wisdom and
patriotism of Congress for the adoption of system
which may place home labor, at last on a and
permanent footing, and, by due encouragement of
manufactures, give new and increased stimulus
to agriculture, and promote the development of our
vast resources and the extension OF our commerce.
Believing that to the attainment of these ends Gas
well as the necessary augmentation of the revenue
and the prevention of frauds) system of specific
duties is best adapted, | strongly recommend to
Congress the adoption of that SYSTEM fixing the
duties at rates high enough to afford substantial
and sufficient encouragement to industry,
and at the same time so adjusted as to insure sta
bility.
The question of the continuance of the Sub trea
sury system is respectfully submitted to the wis
dom of Congress. If continued, important modifi-
cations of it appear to be indispensable.
For further details and views of the above, and
other matters connected with commerce, the
finances, and revenue, refer to the report of the
Secretary of the Treasury.
No direct aid has been given by the General Gov
eminent to the improvement of agriculture, except
by the expenditure of small sums for the collection
and publication of agricultural statistics and for
some chemical analyses, which have been, thus far
paid for out OF the patent fund. This aid is, in my
opinion, wholly inadequate. To give to this lead
ing branch Of American industry the encourage
ment which it merits, l respectfully recommend the
establishment of an Agricultural Bureau, to be con-
nected with the Department of the Interior To
elevate the social condition of the agrculturst, to
increase his prosperity, and to extend his OF
usefulness to his country, by multiplying his
of information, should be the study of every states
man, and primary object with every legislator.
No civil government having been provided by
Congress for California the people of that Territory
impeled by the necessities of their political condi
ton, recently met in convention for the purpose of
forming constitution and State government
which, the latest advices give me reason to suppose
has been accomplished and it Is believed they will
shortly apply for the admission of California into
the Union, a sovereign State. Should such be
the case, and should their constitution be conforma
BILE to the acquisitions of the Constitution of the
United States, recommend their application to the
favorable consideration of Congress.
The people of New Mexico Will also, it is believed,
at very distant period present themselves for adj
mission into the Union. Preparatory to the admis
sion of California and New Mexico, the people Of
each will have instituted for themselves repubi
form of government, 'slayng its foundations in
such principles, and organizing it's powers in such
form, to them shall seem most likely to effect
their safety and happiness"
BY awaiting their action, all causes of uneasiness
may be avoided and confidence and kind feeling
preserved. With view of maintaining the har-
mony and tranquility dear to all, should alb
stain from the introduction Of those exciting topics
of a sectional character which have hitherto pro-
duced painful apprehensions in the public mind;
and repeat the solemn warning of the first and
most ilustrious of my predecessors against furnish
ing 'any ground for characterizing parties by geo.
graphical determinations
collector has been appointed at San Francisco,
under the act of Congress extending the revenue
laws California; and measures have been taken
organize the custom at that and the other
ports mentioned in that act at the earliest period
practicable. The collector proceeded overland, and
advices have not yet been received of his arrival at
San Francisco Meanwhile, il ia understood that
the customs have continued TO be collected there by
officers acting under the military authority, they
were during the administration of my predecessor.
IL will, think, be expedient TO confirm the coilec-
tons thus made, and direct the avails (after such
allowances Congress may think fit to authorize)
TO be expended within the Territory, or to be paid
into the Treasury for the purpose of meeting APP
preparations for the improvement of its rivers and
harbors.
party, engaged ON the coast survey, was de-
spatched TO Oregon in January last. According to
the latest advices, they had not left California; and
directions have been given TO them soon as they
shall have fixed the sites of the two light houses
and the buoys authorized TO be constructed and
placed in Oregon to proceed without delay 10 make
reconnoissances of the most important points on
the coast of California, and especially to examine
and determine sites for hight on that
coast the speedy erection of which is urgently de-
manded by rapidly increasing commerce.
have transferred the Indian Agencies from
Upper Missouri aud Council Bluffs to Santa Fe and
Salt Lake; and have caused TO be appointed sub
agents in the valleys of the ella, the Sacramento,
and San Joaquin rivers. Still further legal pro-
visions will be necessary for the effective and
cessfu extension of our system of Indian intercourse
over the new Territories.
! recommend the establishment of branch mint
in California, as il will, in my opinion, afford inn
portant facilities 10 those engaged in mining as
we'll to the Government in the disposition Of the
mineral lands
/ also recommend that commissions be organized
by Congress, TO examine and decide upon the va
lidity of the present subsisting land titles in Cali
fornia and New Mexico; and that provision be
made for the establishment Of Offices Of Surveyor
General in New Mexico, California, and Oregon,
and for the surveying and bringing into market
the public lands in those Territories Those lands,
remote in position and difficult of access ought to
be disposed of terms liberal TO ALL but especially
favorable to the carly emigrants.
In order that the situation and character of the