Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1849-09-21

their rye. Should make l. point OF Quty lC
get It IN as early this month as possible. and
unless the soil be in good heart. they should
be sure to treat it 10 dose of such manures
as will afford it the peculiar kinds OF food up
on which it delights 10 feed. In the analy sis
of 1000 lbs. of the grain and straw Of rye. the
following were found TO be their constituent
elements, viz: -sss--.-s s. Ace -sz
Potash and Soda, SIS
Lime, # 800
Magnesia, 7@h' t5s $3.50 LOS r.
Alumina. fo b. iya1 ssss sF OIL
Oxide OF Manganese sgs4h "a
Sulphuric Acid, 1873
Phosphoric Acid, 81 t9' ga ~ O97 E
Chlorine wa Is. & 5ar .aas 026
Such being the inorganic constituents Of
rye. we can very readily conclude, that by APP
plying 10 bushels of ashes. 10 bushels OF
lime, 10 lbs. of EPSON salts. bushels OF
bones, bushel of plaster, and / bushel OF salt
per acre, good crop OF rye, even upon soils
considered thin, may be reasonably calculated
upon, and a marked improvement of the soil
looked for These substances, of course, are
TO be thoroughly shoyeled over and well mix
ed before being used. 1t should be sown
broadcast just before the ground is seeded, and
narrowed in with the seed. In the above
compost we have increased the quantities OF
lime, ashes, and bone dust, 10 what we recon-
mended last month, in order that, besides Sc
curing good crop of rye, the improvement OF
the soil itself may be measnrably increased
and we have added Epson salts, with the
view of furnishing the requisite quantity OF
magnesia E ssr stt r=*+ z.s -- -s#
Wharf.-The importance of this, one OF
the greatest staple crops of our country, can
not be appreciated too highly. In large por-
ton OF the States, it is the money crop OF the
farmer, while everywhere throughout our al
r ost illimitable boundaries, it is the most ia
vorite breadstuf. In view of these facts, it
is necessary that pains should be taken in its
culture !; and the more especially is such the
case, inasmuch as the grain is liable to hume
rous diseases and casualties, which curtal lis
products, and blight and disappoint expecta-
tons which Were reasonably presumed to be
well grounded What is termed Winter killing
is an evil. whose ill effects we believe may
be lessened through the agency of subsoll
ploughtng, as an auxiliary 10 the ordinary
ploughing givento wheat grounds. BY loosen
ing the earth some six or eight inches beneath
the upturned soil, the water.which falls upon
the surface is enab ed to descend beneath the
reach OF the young roots of the wheat plants,
and thus are they, 10 some extent, protected
against the uprooting effect consequent upon
the expansion and contraction of sudden free
zlngs and thawinGs of that portion of the soil
Immediately subject 10 the atmospheric inhu-
ence. 1t seems reasonable to us, that the less
the degree of moisture or wet which exists in
the Immediate vicinity of the roots Of the
wheat plants, the less danger there is OF their
being thrown out by sudden transition from
cold to heat. So far as the sutsoi. plough
may open the soil below the ordinary line Of
ploughing- lor, in other words, below the in
verted body of the soil-so far will the waters
proceeding from rains and SHOWS descend, and
be placed in a condition not to be so violently
operated upon by atmospheric changes; and
it is within the pale of probability, that at the
level made by the snbsoil plough, there will
be found conduit to carry off those surplus
waters which have heretofore been the cause
OF The spewlng out of the wheat plant on
each recurring spring. Independently, how
ever, of these, considerations, there is another
resulting benefit: BY increasing the depth of
the soil, heat and air are admitted, and certain
chemical transformations take place, which
improvethe character of the subsoil, add to
the mineral resources of the soil, and promote
the, healthful growth of the plants, increase
the quantity of the product, and improve the
quality of the wheat. The roots of the wheat
plant at maturity. have been traced 10 depth
OF three or four feet, and hence The SUPPOSE
lion is, fair one, that, in proportion as you
depress the resistance of the earth 10 the de-
scent of those roots-in proportion as you me-
liorate the condition of the soil beneath the
rloughed sol ,fbY the admission of warmth
and air, SO will you improve the character of
vigorous and healthful growth to the plants
which d4rive their support therefrom.
Smut is one of those diseases which inju-
riously affect wheat--it is. disease, however,
that is entirely within the control of the wheat
ty, must be set down as sloyenly farmer.
who, by his neglect, has placed himself in a
category which shuts him out from the sym
pathy OF his fellow farmers. With these re-
marks upoa the advantages of subsoiL plough
ing and smut, we shall proceed 10 other de-
tails * StTE f NJ 90 s. So ~
Seeding an Germ grounds. = Where wheat
may be seeded in corn grounds, 1t is necessa'
ry that in ploughing or cultivating in the seed
the surface, should be made as level as tpractl.
cable; but we are free 10 say, that nothing
but dire necessity would ever induce US to
SIO" WLtdt OH COFu SIOuHu.t w uCdI 10 q
grain that requires clean fallow, and hence
it is that cleanliness OF field is sought 10 BIZ
attained in the culture of the corn, as a pre-
parative for wheat! For ouEself, we would
rather seek to attain that end through repeat
ed stirring of ley, or sward ground after it haC
been broken up; this would involve increase
of labor, but we would not mind that, as VI
should fully calculate to receive our rewardIr
the. increased quantity of the product, w
have never thought that fields intended 10
wheat were sufficiently stirred, or that atten
ton enough had been paid to the extermina
| ton of grass, weeds, and their respective
seeds, before the ground was seeded. In Eng
land, wheat fields, in the course Of prepare
lion, receive from 2 TO ploughings, harrow
ings, and rakings; after each of which tn
clods of grass and weeds are gathered by ham
rakes, and either burnt or removed TO the dun
heap. This minute and particular mode @
preparation may be pursued there, where la
Dor is not more than one-thrd the price it
here; but though, owing TO the high price c
labor with us, we cannot follow their exam
pie, we might obtain some portion of@the ad
vantages, by being a little more partcula
than we are. By ploughing deep, subsolllnf
narrowing, and rolling, and leaving time fl
the upturned seeds of grass and weeds to veg
tate. and then subjecting the land TO stirrlp
with the cultyator and harrow, a tolerabl
f clean tillh might be obtained 10 seed upon
| The mirht he accom- Mi Shod SimDlv nv con