New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1849-02-27
Chemistry In IL. Relation TO Agriculture
DA AS7lsELL's 7ESrH -EcTuRE.

DR ANTIsELLs -ENTH LECTURE
D-er,l t-f-. h- Ansria Asiar, A'-oe'ioa feaa'5 -
DR.. Avrlsg1Ls Tenth Lecture, delivered on
Friday evening wa. devoted to consideration Of the
lesser varieties Of Mineral Manuros and those Of Me
chsulcal origin.
He commenced by a review Of the different classes
Of Msnures which had been previously considered ;
and then took up the Saline substances which mad been
o,nited-snd first Of the ats Of Potash. These said
he Are chiefly derived from wood ashes, but undergo
notification aud equalization to such degree that
hev are no longer In the condition as when con
tsiped within the tree Fo the purposes OF the Tor
roer .sid the Dr. the salts Of potash are applied az
~, dressing: frequently 70 meadow grass-but most
u.uAlv In the compost form. Upon Grass. they have
rernarkAble effect ia improving the size OF the leat
which becomes evidently larger under their action On
Gooseberry and Currsnt plants potash mas $50 ferS
beneficial effect: shout quarter or hall pound oenS
applied around roots lie tendency To destroy he
moss and cryptogaDous plarts which may have gained
ground and 10 allow better plants TO rise IN tner place
Carbonate OF Soda is smother substance analogous IN
$50, 70 the uotashes which Il derivahle from sea
weed II also il changed before it is applied TO the
soil having existed in the plant In combination VITA
iodine and chrOmine. IL scts precisely the same As inc
caho,ats of potash but 10 rather valuable from
N, property of remaining longer in the ground IN
country where Potash Is cheaper than SODA, there IL
of course an inducement 10 give preference to the
former although on many SOUS ,thougnt the speaAet
soda would have twice the enect
Anotber variety of the salts Is the Ntrstesi which
when united with Potash. constitute the ordinary nre
or saipetre The DR.. proceeded to explain me lorna
ton OF the atter-and then the effect OF the htrAf'
upon the soil Ia causing plants 70 throw OUT very re-
msrkabls amount Of leaves-ehiie singular deep uh
OF bluish.ereen s found those which nave been
top-dresseo with these substances
The nitrate OF soda 10 generally applied 70 the GROUND
AZ the rate of 200 pounds the OF potash only
about 100 Here the Dr. detailed number of expert
rnsnts showing thst the nitrate OF soda vastly more
tnan reuavs the cost of its appicaton-athOugn no.
really equal 10 potash On Wheat soda 10 spyiiee
chiefly In the compost form and extremely oenencsi
equally so upon Oats Increasing the product some
l2s bushels 10 the acre-vhie the Application Oh com
mon salt il found 10 dim pish ], by bushels
-Dr A thought the time will come when Farmer
will employ compos;s more generally, rs then They
can ascertain sud preserve the exact proportions OF '
different saline substances and other matters WHICH s'
required for the growth OF the plants
From this he passed 10 the improvement OF the sol
By Mechanical OF these. Draining Is IN many
instances the most important Ithss long been consid
cred by nsny people in this country that drainage
very little required and then only on wet soils Ia
thss amsiake. II 10 beneficial even on stid ground
beneficial at least far that Il pays Tor itseii TO
ustrate II pool of water formed Oy tue ram DE n
loved 70 remsin on the ground It 10 found that th
water maintains high temperature, while tue earti
underneath rapidly parts with It's heat "hieh 10 con
Quoted upu ard % the water sDd Inc sun rays Hcun
upon this finally evapOrate it-tut not until the eNsp
Grafton ia COMPLETED does the earth receive the eas
degree OF heat Here Il stands 10 reason That INSTEAD
of allowing the TO act simply upon the water OF
the surface il would be desirable and oenehelai .
tau IL underneath by draining Oft all superhuous noi'
tpre so that the rays the shall act directly upo
| the soil 49,
The Lecturer here reviewed the different systems o
/ d.4p and shallow Draining -summng up win IN
oDiniou that for sandy soils they should be deep an
for eayev about 80 inches in depth Ia Advocating IN
system "a a whole he remarked that In almost ever
in.,,nee the expense ofthe undertaking paid az n
4 49, and hat I'M
! heat per cantage for money laid out on iarm. 80
| lie then passed 10 the subject OF lrnsatoh- ~
know said be- ihst there Il nothing 50 Injurious 70 70
| ground az allowing water 10 lie upon ~ "Elon, ~
coming stagnAnt loses the csrbonc acid which had bee
contained In H. snd vegetation IS destroyed 1et~
md that IL exceedingly beneficial TO meade" iahd
allow water 10 roll OVERT and hence lrrgsaoh IS on
Of the most vsusble mechanical mrans OF lmPtoFh
the soil IN Il ursctced In the South OF Europe ana
I China more extensively than elsewhere and tnere III
return i very great IL Is found to manure me sfouh
n a superior manner, and Is IN TACT the nios' i,.,n
I mode OF adding mAnures. The mineral matters "he
are carried along By water very valuable and "ne
the latter Is allowed to settle these substances Away
separate from IL and fall 10 the ground. Nearly
much as 2Os lbs % the acre il the general average
mineral matters 50 depos;ed-'ormng a toPdo''u
10 the soil and cheap mode OF 90 dong. ,
-FslIov continued tue Dr) Is never prseucA.io
spopulous region but It's effects may be obtained 10
dif.reut way The Rotation OF Crops has arisen IT ~
the in ability Of land 10 bear continued crops OF u
same gran-for ultimately Il vii wear OUT Inc COZ
stuton Of plants being definite, they AWAY t.Ne
large quantities Of mineral matters and by these co
slant distractions will finally deprive the GROUND
/ tirelv of them-He went 70 Illustrate By Farlo'
statistics and references, which We have not space
| follow.
r The Lecturer advocated the system OF Green Gro
ping smeliorstion for lard, BY arguing tns
vegetable growth thereof acts benehcisy on the sou
in removing mineral matter from below upward 10
surface-pumping IL up IS 1, were-snd adding .ai
smount OF vegetable matter for the sassenanee OIL
plant
The next Lecture will treat Of the Growth and
no.,o, Of Muscle and "a, IN Animals with the gene
I, al Management of Stock