davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
LOOK H Err Ell!
PAySict0ms, DrMggist.

A ND the public generally are respectfully in
A vited 10 call at No. GO, where the su6scr
Der is now opening his Summer Stock which
has been selected with great care and which he
now offers at fair rates for cash. Every med-
cine is warranted to be fresh aud Of the best gual
ity, having been tested by officers Of Government
under the late law Of Congress.
His stock Of Drugs Medicines, Chemicals, Sur.
geon's and Dentists Instruments, PuintA, Oils, Dye
Stuffs, Perfumery, Glassware, Fancy Articles
&C., embraces the whole catalogue Of each, and
will be found upon examination to be unsurpass-
cd BY any establishment either for good quality
or great variety,
An attempt nt detail would more than fll the
newspaper. Call and examine for yourselves,
at NJ 2. KREIDER.
Lhncnnter lima q laAQ
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
YaIuabIe Farln for Sale.

WILL sell on reasonable terms of payment,
Il Farm Of l26 Acrcs Of fret rate land. situate
in Pleasant Township, Fairfield county. and in
the immediate neighborhood of tho George
Smetter's homo place. This farm possesses a
house, barn. orchard. spring and running water
and will make the buyer most desirable home.
JOHN D. MARTIN, Attorney
For N. Western Bank Of Virginia.
June !, l849.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

FIREMAN's RIor,-A riot among the
iremen commenced, in Philadelphia. on
Saturday night last. and was not quelled
by the authorities until Sunday evening.
One person was killed and twenty wound.
e1
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

- There is report that Baltimore
built schooner. Zenobra, was lately cap.
tured, by British ship. upon the coast of
Africa. The Zenobra had OIL board $50
slaves; ofthese SO were women, some of
whom were branded on the breust with
hot irons.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
From the NOnfll.

JUST received at G. Kanfman'sa fresh cup.
81 ply OF Groceries. ,.-,
Orleans, Double Rec,i6ed Loaf, Crushed and
Clarified SUGARS. -
Orleans Miolasses, Sugar House do. very cGedp
Rio Coffee. TEAS, tie beat in to,On =,
Carolina RICE, Chewing Tobacco, Cut & Dry,
Lancaster, May II, 1oi9. TOO
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

ERTE BANK NoTEs-The Hanover
(Pa) Spectator announces officially that
tho Bank of Erie is about to open an agen-
cy in Philadelphia for the redemption of
all its notes at par. The bank will also
recommence operations shortly-having.
by the above honorable movement, says
the Spectator, redeemed all the promises
made by Mr. Reed, The PRECEDENT, at the
time Of the banks suspension. Last
week its notes sold at a discount of only
ten per cent.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
Looking Glasses.

tHEAPER than ever offered in Lancaster.-
~ Also, Looking Glass Plates. being in size
from by 10 to is by 26 at
GATES & CoSPER's
Lancaster, June 8, I849 sHlasda s.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
Clocks! CIOcLN!! CIOcksiiI

UST arrived. large and splendid assortment
~ OF all sorts and patterns, some fine ones for
Churches, Halls aud Offices, nll ofwhich we var.
rant GATES g. COSTER
Tallmadge House. Juno 8, IB4a
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
Cholera! Cholera! ChOIera!!

NEhave put up medicines, with directions.
w for curing Diarrhea, which is the pre-
montory stage of Cholera They are intended
for those who are remote from q Doctor aud for
Travellers. These medicines were put up by
the directions OF an old physician, who used them
successfully in the terrible epidemic Of 1889 and
1888. They are intended 10 be used until YOU
can get Doctor. Asyou value your lives, don't
quack. For sale wholesale and retail at
G. G. BECK'S Drug Store, Main-street.
Lancaster, May 10, 1849,
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

~ By an arrival at Boston, il is re.
ported that MoNEeAs. President of Ven
ezuela, has been obliged to seek safety in
flight. to save himself from the hatred of
his people. So much for one tyrant-
may all others meet with similar fate.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

0Some of the Pi,tsburg California
emigranis were arrested for numbering
Kansas Indians and wounding several
others, without cause or provocation.
They we're taken by company of U. S.
Dragons.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

Hrhe Brooklyn Freeman. new
free Soil paper, nomiuates' Thomas H.
dence. =. ,.,...--.,4S..
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

~ New potatoes we're selling. in the
Washington city markets, on Thursday
last, a, Sc per bushel
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
White Lead.

&A KEGS pure aud No. /. just received, and
~ for sale low by p. BOPE.
-,ancaster. May 4, ls48. So
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

DTbe Mudison Banner says:-The
State Bank of Indiana has accumulated q
surplus fund which exceeds. by one hun.
dred and ten thousand dollars, the whole
amount of her suspended debt and the a
mount invested in banking houses. Of
the latter, she has in oil fourteen. most of
which are very handsome public odihces
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
Frllit.

.nRANGES, Lemons. Raisins. Figs. Prunes,
W Citron and Zante Currauts, just received at
KAUFFMAN'S
Lancaster, May IL, I84s. y
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
36 Dog. Ivory Combs

|nF Superior quality a few ,loz. Tuck aud
IOShell Side Combs, with an assortment Of Hal,
aud Cloth Brushes. Pocket Books. Cologne Wa.
Ter, Fancy Soaps &c. just received and for sale by
GEORGE KAUFMAN
Lancaster, August IL, 1913 IL
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

~ The first number Ofihe Rep15lie,
was issued, in Washington. on Wednes.
day week last
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
Lancaster, June 8. ls49
----------
Elax.Sced.

NNHE HIGHEST PRICE in CASH will be
II giveu for FLAX-SEED by
GEORGE KAUFMAN.
Lancaster, August 90, l8l7. Is
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
The CourI OF Common Pleas.


The present session of the Court is
rather dull in interest. But few cases of
Importance are upon the docket. and the
criminal record speaks we'll for the morals
ofthe county. The Judge, in his charge
to the Grand Jury, gave fiattering ac,
count ofthe decrease of crime since he
has been on the bench, now near fourteen
years.
Bitin the absence of more profta BILE
employment, the Profession do not allow
their talents to lust nor their wit to grow
dull, aud occasionally during the progress
Of dull cause, not having clients to
cheer up, they amuse one another. For
example: lf sd
Garaghty suys: 9
The Colonel now intends to show
That Thurman's doctrine is no 20;
Aud il he don't It's plain to see.
He'll fail in getting all his leo,
Thurman replies:
He's got his fee, the record shows,
Expuu ye now HE hard dealt blows.
Garaghty adds ss. ..t..,-
II not for fee. why then It's plain, ...I.
He fights so hard for empty fame;
Or else. perchancc rencws the attack,
For fear he'l have to pay fees back.
Thurman replies: m
Alack-a,day your last surmise
Creates tho most unieigned surprise,
Each MAN. take IL noNv npreea i.'.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
SaddIcries.

A LARGE STOCK Of Sal,lleries and Saddle
n Trees, just received and for sale by
May 4, lS49.-52 P. BOPE.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

GREAT FREsHET-A tremendous fall
of rain took place in the northern town
ships ofthis county on Friday night last
Fortwo hours, it poured down in almost a
solid mass, aud without intermission.
The damage caused by III is considera.
ble.
Walnut Creek was ID inches higher
than it has been known TO be by the Oldest
inhabitant. Many bridges on that and
other small streams were washed away,
many fences destroyed. and tho grain in
the low grounds was much Injured.
Between Baltimore and Basil tho Ca
nal bank was much injured, and we also
learn that considerable damage was done
To the mills at the former place. Our re-
p or,S are altogether verbal and we can,
not enter into particulars. The canal is
since repaired.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
Friday Morning, June 81. Is49.
The CIIOIcrm.

1t is said that the Cholera inierments
in St. Louis,on last Saturday and Monday,
were about 100 each day. This lis rap.
id increase.
In Louisville it has again broken out
and averages some 20 cases per day,
We do not notice an increase oft, i'll
any of the other places, where it has been
raging. There have been several cases
in Pittsburgh.
The weather. for the last few days, has
been peculiarly favorable its progress,
and yet we are not advised that is more
fatal than previously.
We note no cases yet IN the Central
part urSlate.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22

DEATM OF Ex PRESIDENT PoLK.-
Tho Ex- President. we learn by tele.
graphic report, died at Nashville. on Fri.
day last, Of chronic diarrhea. BY this
sudden diSpensation, his friends have
suffered a severe loss, and his death will
be greatly lamented.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
Foreign News--Mungarian ViCiO-

SaCs0aA
A very good abstract of the foreign
news willlbe found in our columns. We
have also received tho details, containing
some further intelligence.
The Hungarian victories are princi.
pally all confirmed. The Austrian au-
thorities take all means of ofsuPpressing
the intelligence and thus we get but few
particulars. -
Bem's victory in Rathenthrum Pass
was gained over body of $4,000 Rus
slams, third Of whom were left upon the
! field Of battle.
The advanced guard of the Russians
were suddenly attacked by Dembinski,
in Gallaeiu. and badly beaten. 1000
were left on the field of battle and 20
cannons fell into the hands ofthe victor.
The same General also beat body Of
the Russians near Jablanka and obtain
ed all the arms, artillery, horses, baggage, I,
&c. Of one entire division.
The capture oflhe several small towns
alluded TO in our abstracts Of last and this
week is also confirmed.
The Austrians, also, have been badly
beaten.
II is said that there are some Ameri.
caus in the Army of Hungary.
There are no other important particu-
lars, to which we need allude. The ac-
count of the Astor place Riot has been
received and commented upon by the
Engl lish press, not as violently as one
nigh, suppose.
The condition Of Ireland has not been
too badly represented.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1849-06-22
NEW GROCERY STORE.

Blank SVibPenas
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06

From Kennedy's Life of Writ, take the fol
lowing letter 10 Judge Carr upon the ill-omened
duel between Decatur and Barron, in which gal
liant patriot threw away his life
WAsHINcTos, April 2, 1920
| thank you, my dear friend for your short letter
which would have sooner answered, but for causes
beyond my control. Instead al attempting TO give
you account of the quarrel between our ainented
Decatur and Barron, propose TO send you in this
a copy of their correspondence which we are pro-
missed from the lntellgencer press Tomorrow
Decatur showed me this correspondence, in conf
dence, late last fall, far it had then gone and
used every effort to prevent the fight, which he
very far from wishing TO bring on, but which
he considered forced upon him in such wa that
there was no avoiding it but by disavowng what he
had really said and thought of Barron and Of this
need not say he was incapable. He did not APP
prove of dueng.
He then passed to his own case Fighting he
said was his profession, and it would be Impossible
ior nm To keep his station and preserve his respect
ability without showing himself ready at all times,
TO answer the call OF any who bore the name Of
a gentleman
After my return from Baltimore, Iheard nothing
more OF II TIL he brought home MORALLY
wounded; and then saw him no more till he was
corpse. As stood near him, alone and looked at
his dear face, marked, ii still was, with the last
traces Of his departed spirit, could not help say
world can give''' The soliloquy is not very
novel one, indeed I have made il, in common with
others, thousand times BEFORE but never felt its
force till then for never, till then, had seen the
corpse of such They both fell at the shot,
which was 30 simultaneous that the report Of two
pistols could not be heard by those who stood of
sight, though close within ear-s shot. This heard
from Commodore Porter, who was standing thus
with Rogers. He exclaimed immediately One
of them IS killed, for there is only one shot,
Very different the scene when he got to the
ground Decatur was apparently shot dead he re
vived after while, and he and Barron held par
ley as they lay the ground. Doctor Washing
ton, who got up just them says that it reminded him
of the closing scene of a tragedy-Hamlet and
Laeters. Com. Barron proposed that they should
make friends before they met in heaven, (for he
supposed they would both die immediately De-
| catur said he had never been his enemy, that he
freely forgave him his death though he could not
forgive those who had stimulated him to seek his
life. One report says that Barron exclaimed,
g Would to God you had said this much yester-
day" 1t is certain that the parley was friendly
one, and that they parted in peace Decatur knew
he was to die, and his only sorrow that he had
not died in the service of his country II is believed
that Barron will though this is far from
certain The papers will tell you every thing as to
Your friend, WIN. WRIT.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06
LOCAL M MATTERS.

TEmPERAscE MEETISe.-That old established
and pioneer society in the cause Of temperance in
this city, the Freemen's yigiant Total Abstinence
Society, hold their usual weekly meeting to- NOR.
row night at Temperance Hall, TO which the pub
lie are invited. A number of popular speakers are
expected 10 he present. This, IL is supposed, will
be an interesting meeting
laos BRIDGE-The Committee Of the Corpora
ton having the subject in charge, consisting of
the Mayor, Mr. Byington Of the Aldermen aud
Mr.. Ellis OF the Common Council have awarded
the for the erection of iron bridge across
Rock Greek, between Washington and George.
town, (the lower brdge,) to Messrs Rider & Co,
of this city, at $1,000.
Tvs ETHloPIAN TRoUPE.- Harrhgton's Ethio.
plan troupe give their last concert 1--WE beeve) to-
night at Odd Fellows Hall They are nightly at
tracing large and fashionable audiences.
THE ST. CHARLEs.-This building, at the north
east corner of Pennsylvania avenue and 3D. street,
has since its purchase by John w. Maury esq t,
undergone varied and much desirable improve
ments, under the supervision of that skiful me
chanic Mr. John G. Robinson We notice the cree
ton on the west front of handsome colonnade for
two stories the length Of the building-the columns
of which are iron, hight and tasteful from the
foundry OF Mr.. Caleb Buckingham. These iron
pillars are becoming highly popular, superseding
those formerly in Of heavy and cumbersome
character.
BusTs.-A distinguished artist now in this city,
engaged upon a national work, has nearly com
pleted the plaster models Of the busts Of the late dis
tinguished senator from Alabama, the Hon. Dixon
II. Lewis, and of worthy city alderman Of the
Fourth ward, his lady, and eldest son, which are
most excellent likencsscs The bust of the Senator
lie in modern costume, and not usual in drspery
They will shortly be placed exhibition at Taylor
and Maury's bookstore.
DIsTssssrss AeoIprST AND DEArH.-- On Wed
ncsdsy, the 81 instant Catharine Pauline, infant
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06
By G. w. BoTELER, Auetioneer.

DY VIRTUE OF DEED OF TRUST from
ID John Williams, deceased, 10 the subscriber
corded in liber w. b. No l42, one OF the land re.
cords for this county shall proceed 10 sell on Fri
day, the 18th day Of October next, at 5oclock p M
upon the premises public auction, to the highest
bidder, the following piece OF property, 10 wit; the
eastern half of Lot 10, in reservation ID, square ID
lying in the city of Washington, with the improve
ments thereon, consisting ola comfortable and well
built frame house. with suitable outbuidings. This
property is situated on the Island very convenient
10 the centre of the city.
Terms of sale: One third cash; the balance in {
and IL months, with interest from day Of sale 10 be
secured TO the satisfaction of the trustee.
w. LENOX, Trustee.
C.. w. BOTELER, Auctioneer
Oct o. MI g. taxy
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06
BY TELEGRAPH.
REPORTED FOR THE REPUBLIC
New YoRK, Oct. g.

New YoRK, Oct. % d. m
Stocks quiet-sales moderate. Treasury note
6's io9z; new loan M III; exchange on Lon
don l09i a 10.
Flour steady-W Western 50 81 to SO rs, and
Genesee So 7k; Southern ST "A; corn meal So II !;
rye -four $50 o..
l2Oa 1872 cents. Corn hrm-sales of IL 900 bushels
at 90 60 for new and "a 65 cents yellow oats 80
cents; rye 60 cents.
Cotton not quite so frm-snnall sales at prices
prior TO the steamer, but the tendency is TO decline.
PITTssUaG, Oct. 4.
The river is now in travelling condition. Seve-
raj hundred tons Of merchandise Were shipped yes
terday There are, at present, over twenty boats
loading, which will leave in day The wea
Their Is very fine.
PHILADELPHIA, Oct So p. m.
Stocks are quiet-Treasury notes 6's l09.; new
loan III J; Pennsylvania SIS So So.
Small sales Of flour at So ~ So Is. Corn
meal So l2l.
Sales of red wheat at 1903 l0S cts; white 10 a
ia cts. Corn is firm sales of yellow at 65 to cts
Oats 80 cts. Rye TO cts.
LOUISVILLE, October 3.
The convention at Frankfort, to-day, refused a
seat to the reporter of the Louisville Courier Sew
eral speeches were made and considerable confu-
sion ensued pending which the convention ad
journed In giving this information although
our correspondent neglected to tell US for what
purpose the convention was convened, we suppose
il was to remodel the State constitutional
SAvANNAh, October s.
In twenty counties of Georgia heard from
Towns has majority f726 over the vote of lS4S.
New ORLEANS, Oct. q
The men lately assembled at Round Island ar,
rapidly dispensing. Many of them have returned
to the city, the purpose for which they assembled
having been defeated postponed
There were l,25O bales cotton sold yesterday
mostly on northern account. Factors are nov
more willing to operate than sellers at last week
quotations, which are 10 to 10. for fair. One Of
two ships have taken cotton at 7-l6 freight B,
Liverpool
We have advices here from Havana to the 9Th
ult. The news of the difficulty between the Ameri
can government and the French Minister hac
caused most extravagan rumors at the Faro.
The improvement effected by Mr.. Nelson in ex
tracing saccharne matter from the sugar cane ex
cited much attention among the sugar planters o
Cuba.
The United States ship Germantown arrived a
Havana on the 9th inst.
The Spanish squadron sailed from Havana tn
middle of last month, to guard the southern coas
of Cuba.
The standing army is to be increased by 6,OV
troops from Spain, which are daily expected
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06
HYDRAULIC CEMENT, Sc.

TIVE Noruk and Rosendale Lime and Cement
l. Company offer for sale very superior article
OF Rosendde Cement, made at their extensive mills
at Rosendais and at Nepark, NJ j., from their large
Quarries at Rosendale, Ulster county, ". Y. This
cement sets Immediately under water, and stands
the severest tests at the various government works.
where il is now being used, TO wit: Many yard,
brooklyn, Dry Dock; Custom house, New Orleans,
Norfolk, &c, &c. of which they have the fat
tering certificates. Their Cement is at all times
warranted 10 give entire satisfaction, and heavy
purchasers will be dealt with very liberal terms
They also make a superior article of Caictned Pias-
ter, for hne or common work. and Ground Marble
Address JOHN II. STEPHENS, Pres't,
Aug 27+ Newark N J.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06

Splendid CarpettnKs, Curtain Goods, sc.
TNHE subscribers would respectfully invite the
Il attention of citizens and housekeepers gen
orally To their stock of House furnishing Goods
which they feel confident cannot be surpassed, if
name
IN CARPETING
Patent Tapestry Velvet, do. Tapestry Brusses
Royal Administer, English Brussels
Imperial Three ply, double super Ingram
Supertine Ingram, extra fine and fine do
Low-priced, all wool Ingram, royal twilled We
netians
Rich Cheneille and Tufted Rugs
Heavy sheet Oilcloths, of every width which will
be cut 10 fit any hall.
IN CURTAIN MATERIALS
Rich satin De Laines, rich figured De LANES
Rich high-colored Damasks rich Union Damasks
Twilled and plain Cashmerets
Buff Damask do
Worsted Damasks, all colors
Embroidered Laced Curtains, embroidered Mus
lin do
Embroidered Musns. by the yard
Tassel Loops, Gimps, Borderings, Bindings
Blind Linens, all widths
Tassels, Cords, and Fixtures of every kind &c
Together with complete assortment of Table and
Piano Covers, Tablecloths, and Table Damasks,
Linen Sheetings, Damask Napkins and Towels
Scotch and Russia Diapers, Marseilles Quilts, Bed
Blankets, &c, all of which arc Just received are
perfectly fresh and viii be offered upon our usual
terms All are respectfully invited
10 see for themselves
Sept. ll-3taw4wif p. H. HOOE & CO
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06
THE REPU BLIC.

child between two and three years old, Of Mr.. p.
Thyson, of the firm of Ailier and Thyson, on
Seventh street, accidentally and dreadfully
scaded by the upsctting OF kettle OF boiling water
The services Of DR.. Elliott were promptly called in,
who rendered every possible medical assistance;
but the little sufferer expired on Thursday night.
The funeral was attended yesterday afternoon by a
large number of the frien's of the family.
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06
A CARD.

MISS CENEVfEVE G.. FAIRFIELD, teeeher of
1Vl LANDSCAPE Or PAISTINo, continues 10 give
lessons at her residence Sth street, IN the rear of
the Patent Office, 3 doors from G..
In England, and on the Cont. nent generally, the
Art oil Painting in Oil Colos is considered indispen-
sadly requisite as 0 completion TO every young
eht 'or he /.rt is necessary having become quite
o s a moderate share Of perseverance and as
"uity alone requisite TO produce, in short space
of time, agreeable and satisfactory results.
TERMs.-Quarter Of twenty four lessons. Sl2
Half Payable in advance.
REFERENCES:
Charles B. King, esq,, Artist; John vanderlyn,
ESQ.,, Artist Hon James Thompson, vi. T.; Hon.
Alfred Iyerson, NJ C.; Hon. James Buchanan, Sec
rotary Of State; Hon. Thomas Corwin, Z. ;. Sena-
tor; Rev. William Matthews
Aug. 22-tf
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-10-06
NEW Fan ana Winter Good. and Fash

NEW Fail and Winter Goods and FASH
IN ions.-LANE 4 TUCKER, Merchant Tai
lors, Penn. avenue have, this day, received direct
from New York, of their own selection, a fashona-
BILE and beautiful stock of French and English
Cloths, Cassmeres, and Vestings OF the latest and
most approved shades and patterns, together with
rich and varied lot of Gentlemen's furnishing arti-
cles, superior figured and plain silk Cravats,
Suspenders, Shirts Collars, Gloves, Handkerchief,
Robes, &c, &c, TO which they very respectfully
fellow citizens.
L. t. are regularly in receipt Of the latest
Paris and London fashions
Sept. 20-3taw3wif