davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arkansas intelligencer., 1849-09-15
For the Arkansas Intelligencer.
T RI r AZ CHE

1T is 10 stand awhile on some cold peak,
| VI LaPland Mountain, bound in chains of frost,
w here chilling storms of snow and rattng hail
Their fury pour upon the shivering form
hat naked stands the head is smooth with sleet
The slffened locks hang DER the ice-clad neck,
ana all the limbs are torn; the oozng blood
In frozen drops. falls mingng with the rain
Congeaed upon the rocks that ready are
Io break with cold No, this is not the Apue.
IT is TO stand awhile upon the brink
! vi Etna's burning mouth and hear its proans
hen quickly plunge into its tomb of fire,
! There clad in sheeted flame 10 parch and fry
ANA drink its torrld streams of lava down.
And trampe on its ruddy scorching floor.
Ill borne upon lis boiling pillows high,
Above It's smoking crater then to roll
Back! Backl into its everlasting gulf!
Say, burning, freezing wretch, is this the Aoue2
Fayetteville, Sept. 9th LAURA.
One Of the "Glories of War."-A correspop.
dent of the Della, writing from Satillo, Mexico.
short time. says:
1.-The senoritas are anxiously awaiting the an
nexatlon of this part Of tho country to the United
states: They say they cannot enjoy themselve es
since the Americans left here. have noticed
on my trip from Matamoras to this place, several
beautiful white children, about twelve or fifteen
months DID, and their mothers abou. the color of
new jockey saddle. inquired who the fathers
OF these children were, and they answered me,
quien sabe.''
Hints TO AuthorS.-Be brief-;his is the aue of
,elgraphs and Stenography.
2. Be pointed-don't write all around subject
without hitting it. 20
3: State facts but don't stop to moraIize-its
drowsy business. Let the reader do his own
dreaming.
4. Eschew Prefaces-plunge at once into your
subject like swimmer in the water.
>. Condense-make sure you really have an
idea, then record it in the shortest possible TERMS
We want thoughts in their quintescence.
o. Avoid all high flown language-the planest
Ango-Saxon works the best. Never use
stills when legs will do as well.
7. Write IegibIy-don't let your manuscript
look like tho tracks Of spider half drowned in
ink We shan't mistake any one for a genius
though he write crabbedlv as Napoleon
Arkansas intelligencer., 1849-09-15
n O Il / G. f.
Il u N A w A Y .

X u n A w "A Y.
Il WAS committed to the jail of Crawford
Wh County, on the 10th day of August a
-AAl~ NEGRO MAN, calling himself Reuben
IN and says he belongs to the Hon. Thos
xxx w. Newton, of Little Rock
"a Said negro is about % years of age, 5
- feet, g inches high, weighing aoout $50
pounds, and is lame in the left hip.
The owner of said negro is requested to come for
ward prove property pay charges and take him away
or he will be dealt with according 20 law.
JOHN CARNALL,
Sheriff Of Crawtord County.
Van Buren, Sept. I, 1919 2l-3w
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14
0nr Ggeat Bend Correspondence.
GnEAT BEND, SusevrnANsA CoUE ry, P


H0G BoJJeyyDseetio and Con fession Of The RoJber.
hasten to inform you cfa series Of robbenes Of the
mall which have taken place in this region and Of the
detection arrest and confession OF the perpetrator.
The circumstances 9 follows
The post Office this place has been for somc time
past filed by man Of the name of George Baldwin
graduate of Of the Eastern colleges. who has here
toforc borne AN irrcproachablc character. Various
offerings ofetters having taken place the route Mr.
j b B. Hale special post office agent undertook the
duty Of crrctng out the perpetrator, and his efforts
were attended with the greatest From various
indications. he concluded that Mr. Baldwin had hand
in the business and satisfied he Of the fact that
he had him arrested On searching him, three pack
ages letters were found In his possession and this in
connection with other things operated 20 powerfully,
upon Mr. Baldwins mind, that he determined to make
clean breast Of II, and acknowledge that he the
thief The evidence against him being conclusive,
he lockct in the Jail Of this county in default Of
bail, which was fxcd at three thousand dollars
IL appears that the manner in which Mr.. Baldwin
managed the business was this In asserting the mail
he would select and keep back all letters having the
appearance Of containing money and those he would
deiap until he satisdcd himself whether they contain
ed enclosures or not II they did he would retain them
and appropriate their contents to his USE If
he would forward them TO their destination This
counts for the finding Of these packages in his posses
sion, at the time Of his arrest. Az you may readily
rupposc his arrest has created quite exsemsnt ~
this usually guict place.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14

sitting of the Chamber on the 9th, levy en- n,asse
OF all the citizens capable OF bearing arms was or
dered. The French and English admirals, with
their suites, were present. The greatest enthusi-
asm was reported to prevail among the population.
Tuscany.
The Tuscan government has published proca-
nation informing the Tuscans that the armistice
has been broken, and calling upon Tuscany to do
her duty The only feature worth noticing IN this
document is that, although expressing cordial feel
ings towards Piedmont, IL does not mention the
name OF Charles Albert.
Markets.
LoSpos MoNEY MARKET Saturday Evening, March a.
-Consols opened this morning at 9lA to = which
the closing prices of yesterday in the course Of
the morning they fell to 81 the state of foreign politics
rather influencing SPECTATORS and limiting business
they again, however at the close of the market
and left OF At Ola to q, the prices at which they
opened
to-day firm but the sales reached only 5000 bales
MANCHESTER, March A.-The improved feeling per-
ceptibe on Thursday, through the advices Of COM
mercia character from India, being favorable cont
pucs and prices somewhat steader both in goods
and yarns suitable for the east In other descriptions
both Of cloths and yarns, there continues to be less
doing and though more healthy feeling exists, the
market has not recovered its tone and will probably
remain sensitive until the Liverpool market for the
material has assumed more settled character.
LEEDS, March 4.-There was only middling atten-
dance of merchants in the woolen halls to-day and
Their lees business than at last Saturday
market. Goods of the finer qualities have been prn
cpay in request and prices if anything were shade
better In the warehouses there has been rather
business doing during the week than reported last
Saturday.
vienna, March The Bourse has recovered from
the very depression of yesterday and the
funds especially the Five per Cents, and the Leghorn
shares, were noted higher. By order Of Prince Win
dishgratE, peremptory stop has been put to the
change OF the Hungarian and form notes for Aus
TRAN bank bills, to the amount Of four millions
AMSTERDAM, March 23-Act Debt Tive and Half
Per Cents, Ash 40; do Three Per Cents 81 67h; do
Four Per Cents, 764 76%; Commercial Company Four
Cents. EXchanpes-On
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14
Our Hartford Correspondence.
Hartford, April ii, 1888.

Str Ba'ws Btaat ta One Hour
A, seven O'Clock this evening the alarm ct FIRE
was sounded in our streets, which proceeded rom
Il barn rear of W Main street, and also near ths
railroad depot In ten minutes after tho first aar
was given, engines were at play upon it. 1t wa.
situated in the "Hsrford Rookery,o bounded by
Main, Mill and Mulberry streets. Six barns were
consumed in one hour and by the indefatgable
exertions of the fremen, aided and assisted by
hundreds of citizens with buckets of water, on the
filled with $4,000 in merchandise and the
whole OF Mill street, were saved--no destruction
occurring, save to the barns, and out buildings and
fences. Loss about s.. 900, and pretty well insured
fremen were dismissed. Some $50 Irish famile,
in Mill street. took French leave of their dwell
ings, and hustled out their goods in admirable con.
fusion
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14

The fisheries of the northern shores Of Chesapeak4
Bay have thus far been most productive Already tho
smosn caught exceeds that OF she whole Of the ct
The steamboat Lake of the Woods burst her boilers
In Grand river No. the 10th rlt by which the
gneer and one fireman killed, and ave others
dangerously scsded
The plano factory Of Church Lane, Woburn, Nass,
was destroyed by fire on Tuesday morning last.
The Governor Of Massachusetts, has appointed ths
soth day Of May next for another trial TO elect mem
Der Of Congress In the 4th district Of that State
Harden Nicterson fell dead In of the streets Of
Providence, Il. T., on Monday last.
There were ~ deaths in Baltimore for ths wssh ssd
ing 9th inst
There 80 deaths in Brooklyn city for the week
ending Saturday last
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14
Naval Intelligence.

The Z. =. sioop-of war Albany, Com Randolph was
81 Cienfucgos on the 3Oth ult
The u. s. steamer Mississippi, after having been In
the dry dock In the Navy Yard at this station under
going repairs, for nearly six months has been taken
out and hauled TO the wharf We have heard 1t said
that the will 90 the Pacific, but IT Is much
more probable that she is TO be sent to the heerra
mean to relieve the Primo fooN Neaeon April IL
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14

PRoPHfLEp HARrroRp.-We learn by the arrival Of
the British steamer Thames, at Mobile that the pro-
pcucr Hartford was rcatting at Bermuda Six OF her
passengers had arrived ct Mobile in the steamer
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14

The Shleswg Holstein question is understood to
be SO far arranged, that Denmark has expressed
herself willing to abide by the decision of England,
Russia and France. The armistice will be proong-
ed from time to time The note from the Danish
government, which appeared in the London Ga
sctte of last night is understood as merely the ne
nessary formal notice of the approaching expiration
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14

TIL. following cities in New York have, at the recent
elections elected whg uncipsl officers Buffalo, Ro-
chester Auburn Syracuse Oswego, Utica honeetody
Albany Troy Hudson New York Brooklyn.
In Albany county, N " the whole free soil ticket has
boon elected {. g. Briggs whig has been elected Su
pervisoy Of German Chenango county.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14

FROM NEW BRUNSWICK The refusal of the Le-
gislature of this province to charter the Shcdiac
and St. John Railway, appears to have caused
Kings. and Westmoreland. tbrce Of the LARGEST and
wealthlest IN the province. A correspondent
writes as follows, under date of Hampton, March
81 =
Since the Assembly have placed their veto the
Shcdec and St John Railway bill, many of the good
and substantial ycomen giving up their farms for
mere nominal price, and proceeding TO the neishbor
ing republic
The quiet of that part Of the country has been
disturbed by some very tumultuous proceedings
growing out of the dissatisfaction with the govern
ment. On one of thase occasions the following
occurrence took place.
The effgee Of Hon e. Fisher and Mr. End were at
tsehed by the neck to the Attorney Generals gig and
dragged to the village bcll-po-t, where they
pended from galows and burned, amid the scclama-
ons Of The assembled people.Boston Co;Ate .1pr u
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-14
= II = We r z i a = = s =
~->-~~~~~o~~.>r~~o-o~>>-.~
BY TELEGRAPH AND EXPRESS,
Ireland.

DUBLix, Monday Morning.
There is not any intelligence Of the least Importance
since tho date Of my despatch sent per the sailing of
the Niagara.
The cholera is on the decrease but not 50 poverty
and distress.
In all parts Of the country large and munaeent sums
are being collected In aid Of the Pope.
Meetings to induce the Lord Lieutenant TO give up
any further prosecution Of Charles Gavan Duffy con-
tinuo TO Ss hsld, and In England regulations
the Queen arc in course Of preparation.
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14
TIE CHRONICLE.
SATURDAY, S0v. 10.
A New Magazine.

We insert fbelow) the Prospectus for q
monthly periodical the public ,'i1n Of hici
* contemplated BY gentleman Of this
Borough whose education. literary taste,
and general qualifications, appear 10 6l
HIN admirably for The work proposed. We
understand il is 10 have no sec;arian bias
or partizan tearing. but will be adapted to
the wants and the feelings Of all v no have
entered upon the threshhold Of active life.
Those wishing to aid in the issue Of such
work, can use the form OF subscription
inserted at the bottom of this column. We
think it ~ill receive good supper, in this
region, and wherever its Editor is known.
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14
sullivan COunly.

The Lycoming Gazette states ,ha, the
Commissioners appointed to relocate the
county seal OF Sullivan Rave at last d, cidt d
aha, j. may be removed to Sugar Hill in
Cherry Twp, and have Assessed the dam
sges Of abandoning Lapor,e at $4,000.
which the County has 10 pay. Small As
,his sum is when compared with the sums
expended for Roads. Couri-IIouse, &c. for
County purposes exclusively, YET we doubt
If the Central, Western, Southern, and
Northern tax payers will allow themselves
10 oe feeced Out OF that sum 10 enrich a
few speculalors in Cherry township. Let
II be true that the County ssat is now on
some ones land. il removed It will be on
come o.her persons land-unless indeed it
i've fixed on some oil those rocks for which
C.crry is noted, and even then j, is prob-
able there would be "and holders" all
around it. Il is true also that Cherry has
Al presen, nearly half the popu:alion Of the
county. and controls all its affairs. But
10 locating county.scat. the first Com
missoners looked 10 the future as well as
10 the present, and wisely decided that as
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14

GPersons are sometimes ''kii!cd with
kindness" or undue Familiarity. The good
lady who when cher old man" lay casplng
for breath, Just took hold Of his nose and
gently pressed his nos,rls shut. ana he died
so easily !" is a notable instance OF the for
mer-and The contemporary wh" says OF II
Clergy man prosecuting his Masler's work.
" Caarley is a clerer liHie man" is m
example of the latter mode Of u'.Io-,una' e
friendIness. The old En.ist Poet says
With much propriesv- ......
The man who halls y.u Tom or ia'k.
And proves by thumi's upon your back
How he es'ee;ns your merit
Methinks such friend mus, surely need
BE very much friend in Iced,
For you to calmly be. IT,
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14
WEDNESDAY, NOV. IA, 1849. .-'.

is evidently very d1li rnz r.! brg Fard-
on-a very dali case. and my client, the
plaintiff, had beea badly stared bv The
bmder-l mean The dsfe,sfant. Cer'ie-
men, the deitndiD,'s has decidedly Uiry
edge, aud he deserves ~ be t5oroughiy
| imhered By his honor1t'" Jury. flr pre-.
sur:ng 70 s;..p-l r7ean 10 staus-'haf
! is to say cheat and d, fraund my client the
pIaint Fl; and ,ru,, that his BaR-HAR OTIS
copdrc: will be ST. mamie sted that ne vii
be- hone4, hy his Honorable Couf, 10 lhe
iull extent %! the law | ... o.
cas- YOU viii imagine, such a mess o.
razor strcp logic Sc, he whole court IN nm
upruar iud -c, i,ry, client, defendant aud
spectators laughed oad aud long at he ar
parcnly dru:ken har.ngue of the poor
lawyer and il was no'iiii dinner ilnc, ben
he ard myself were seated at the table ,ihsl
the secret OF our several mistakes were de-
tected The truth was, thai the lawyer 10
his hurry TO dress in the morning, had pu
on n,u bovfs by mistake, which accounts
for hrs logging razor slrops in;o his plea;
While |, Of necessity. put on his boots
which explains my using those outlandish
expressions but hajias corpus, coPtds,
Rol pros. dc, rs may also my unaccoun-
table dfax il! 20 the bar IN the morning.
"YoL'.i never catch he Razor, ,Sirup man
putting on lawyer s-much less drink
ing Law, er's-boo's again" :"
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14

the oiher paris OF the couny would be SCI
lied as well as Cherry. the county seal
should be in the Cenire-and there they
fixed il. The same JUS. mode Obtained ia
locating Union, Bradford. .and Susquehanna
whose Seats were fixed aside from the
centre o. the ('hen) population, but nearly
in the geographical centre. Now, no one
contenpia,es their removal But on the
other hand, in locating Columbia county,
the superior strength Of DanvilIe prevailed
in getting the seat Of justice there. instead
Of the centre Of the county. Who that
knows the thirty years war lha, followed
10 get justice done. would "ish to see ano.
Iher such Improbable contest! All toe
taxes of SaIiivGn would no, begin TO pay
the expense 10 the State Of a yearly agi!a-
lion Of this matter before the Legislature.
1t would seem to be public policy to hush
this petty strife by confirming the Seat at
the geographical centre where il was first
fixed. -s .. e-..r. .....
The Muncy Lnminary says the new site
tor the Sea, Of Justice is near widow
Fsirchild's," on the Turnpike, in Cherry
Twp, and adds. " There are seven Town
ships in Sullivan, six of them wi,hou doubt
opposed To the new locaion." The Dem.
ocrat, Of Bloomsbury. says "Iion. Samuel
F. II .ad ey, it is said, rwns the Real Es.
iate' at the proposed new site.
BY the way. the Wings Of Sullivan
last election put in their man (Mr. Edkins)
Tor County Treasurer-;,nd not only that,
but elecied him over TWO opponents. each
Of whom had almos, as r,any votes as he
Whoop-hurra what do .he Wings care
for the loss Of the paltry Office OF Sia'e
Treasurer, when they have GAINED the
'rreasuryship of Sullivan, which las, year
was nearly two 10 one Democratic
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14

pslAishel Wednesday Afternoons At Lewifburg
Union county. Penns. ivania.

TsRns.- $500 for year, TO lie paid il
the frs, halt year; S2,50, if payment b.
nes made within the year: single numbers
5 cts. Subscriptions Cor six monlhs Or les.
TO be paid in advance Discontinuances
optional with the Publisher. except when
arrearages are paid. -aa.. .-s..
Advertisements handsomely inserted a,
so cts. per squarc one week, 81 90 car a
month, $500 year. A reduction Of these
rates for larger or longer advim's. g-
Casual advertisements and Job work to
be paid for when performed. ....-....
All communications BY mail must ccne
pos',p,id. accompanied by the address OF
the writer. TO receive attention.
Oifice. Market street between Second and
Third. o. N. WoRDEN, Publisher.
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14
E,.rccgfire Chamber, !
Harrisburg. Pa. July u, 1919.

..s E.rccgf.re Chamber,
Harrisburg. Pa, July -, 1919.
Rev T l.. L.Humner-M, Dear Sir: ! hav'
received ynur kind Letter, compuilica'lif:
The gratifying fact. that tie Sunday y-Srl 10
OF the First Baptist church, West fh'l'de'
phia, have procur d for me a Life Rim
bershp in the American Sunday Schoo
Union. a... . . --...
! THIS act Of generous ki.ihsss, ! sbal
ever cherish and remember, aud more
particularly So, as being The uDextrciel
and volubiary action of Hose Who Can
have no impure motives. buiahnse Thoughts
like themselves, ,pariake4afee !, OF the kps
dom Of Heaven. ..-.r.-..
Ia early liie II was my firirna'e = u
become schollr.and s'b -cl!eni'l ii fc@cl :
or, IN a SInday shool. The impressions
there received OF Ihevalue and imporlancc
Of Scripture learning, have increased with
a l.aiice in lie. Ia The dark i,onrs oi
worldly trouble, in the mii'' "f the s,afa,>
Of human tx ,tence, IN the hu,ilc OF i;f.'s
aiT.i.s, or in the iurmois Of political s',ife,
The good msn finds in his B,bie a con,oh
ton and con,eu me,!t that the uIleafnci IN
lis boly teachings can moi possess. |, tic
day OF our iribulation, wien The anAetlcs,
thoughts, purposes, and designs Of human
ity are closing the angel OF, death stands
ready TO usher the spirit tito the spirit.
laad. it is then the Gtvou, reader and .ol
lower of the Bible precep's 'riunphs in The
Guinness OF his death, under blessed hope
Of hrishI iuluri,y while the IN n orlnrd
wtlthes in mental agony over The dnub 5
aod shallow Of sn unc Il IN shy
The Almighty Faiher eoni,sfcl uron
his rebe!lious ch'dreo 40 g'ratcr bless sng
lhan the holy Scriptures and - an can ts
rmplo,ed in ro hi her or hoiier i.y. lhan
in their disfribu'ion aad nachiag To BIZ
felipw insn.
laccep,, with great pleasure, the posi-
ton assigned TO me by the kindntss Of my
Young friends and shall ftei obliged by
The communication nI suah acceptance II
hem. " nh Summers Of sincere regard
,er!ain most truly YOURS,
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14
CULTURE OF CORN.
From the Honesdale Dclnocrat.

Mr.. Pennman: 81 the recent Fair OF
the Wayne County A!ricuiturai Socley a
premium was awarned me for The proiuc-
ton oi'one huudred and twenty -four bushels
OF she!led corn upon a piece of lani m IA
suring twelve rods wide by thirteen rods
and seven feet in lersih. As this growth
is qnito ex,raordinary, desire to state, to
The benefir Of other ciiz rs of the county
who are engaged ina agriculure, the process
by which il was procured
In November iisi. I broke npa pece
Of timothy and clover sod. AS early in
the spring as the ground was settled and
dried l narrowed il thoroughly iens,hwsc
of the fuirow then spread on forty loads
of wei rolled manure, cross slowed il and
narrowed i, again, ridsed i, three fec, apart
on the ~ h OF My, and planted the white
Jewlt corn in b lis three feet aparl each
way, putting from four 10 six kernels in
each hill p!owe1. herd aud pias,cred
twice pio"ed the ;hird tine without hoe.
ing.
Il ia proper for me to state, What al
persons who are familiar wrh agricultural
pursuits would infer Tor themselves, thai
the corn, nj the time y hen measured, was
not suili i:lenrly drv To be mcrchaniablt..
| may also add, tina, had no, the paet sea.
son been uncomno,ly dry the closenes>
of hills and the multiplicity Of the stalks
would probably have proved serious de.
trimen, TO the crop.
Lewisburg chronicle, and the West Branch farmer. [volume] (Lewisburg, Pa.) 1849-1849, 1849-11-14
aDoss Eog GaSsSps.

The following paragraph which we ind
floating In the newspapers, laws il nn the
nossins Just "a they deserve. / il >hoyhl
catch lie eve ofany one who is IN the i,a
lit of sand rlng, mud pcdd in, esiI reports
about, lct them rta! Ihs AM mend ih IL
vaIs. There are some WHO profess great
P;efy and iasoceace who would do well to
reflect on tie statement gwen.
"Ihe s!anderous woman poisons the a.
mosphere OF an entire eishborhcod, and
blasts The sancti'y Of thousand homes
" th single breath. From Il woman oi
this class uo,h,ne is sacred ; she taiteHs on
calJmny, ard upon >laug ghlercd populations.
She is The Ghoai of Eastern s'ory ,iranier.
red from the Arabian Nights to The circle
of the fire.side. She never asserts any thing
--she merely hiuts. s.and surposes,and mhis
pers wha, ''ihey say" Every heishbor-
hood in The city is Injected with some crea-
lure OF this sort. and in country towns they
very often are afll c,ed with two or three
OF these Ghoal women. One is enough io
So, hundred families By the ears.two cau
break up a church. three are sufficient for
any kind of mischief, from the separaiin-
Of The husband from his wife, 10 blasting
the fame Of an innocen, girl. A pure wo
man is simply an angel embodied in human
shapc--a slanderous woman is something
worse Than the Choiera-cer'anly as in
fectious as the yellow fever"
There is more truth than poetry in the
above. Pass it around. Preserve it, and
whenever you hear one Of those veteran
gossips, with fur'ive smile, ,brginoing their
"ihey say read the above aloud. Unhsp-
pity. there are male as well as female gos-
sips but. with little alterations the above
blessing" will apply to both.