The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-11-09
COMMERCIAL.
Iro- our Commercial Correspondent.
Nrw York. Nov :. ls,s-wsaos.a.v. :.

xron our Commercial Correspondent.
NEw York. Nov. =. Isas-w Wednesday, D. M
The great change In the laws of the United States and
Great Britain which Is take effect on the lst Janua
next In respect 10 navigation, have great influence
upon me value Of that description of property well
on me demand for most descriptions OF espoable goods
The navigation laws OF England followed by those OF other
countries, originated n desire not 10 provide merchants
and producers with the best and cheapest means of
porting goods, but to build up military navy which should
deprive the Dutch OF the marine dominion which they
then exercised The ee-ade system of the industrious
Holanders had given them the carrying trade Of the world
Their merchant marine multiplied because il was the
cheapest and most efficient Of transportation The
increase Of seamen thus produced naturally in
military navy that which ressess The English nay
igaton act, introduced into the long Parliament by st.
John Puritan republican OF the Commonwealth was in
tended not only undermine the power the Dutch but
10 punish the colonies that had remained faithful TO the
Stewards Il undoubtedly an outrage upon the rights
Of mankind and the freedom OF trade but the tendency
OF all discussion during that age Of the natural rights OF
men, was confined those modes of liberty which bear
upon the Internal organisation Of government While the
shipping interest fostered for specific purpose
ana ayowed end-viz, 10 form a navy--there was no
other woldeveoped industrial commercial interest
which could contend against interest backed by such
state reasons The burdens and expressions whchthe
commerce and industry Of the nation suffered through the
monopoly created by the navigation act considered
as necessary the national defence There is no doubt
but that the commerce Of the world and progress Of civ
Izanon were greatly retarded by those enacmenls Mr..
Husksson admitted, In 1926, they were almost the
caused separation OF the colonies But il may also be
admitted that was the jealousy and malignity manifested
~ the government Of Great Britain against the shipping of
tho New England States, on their independence being
established that drove those States to seek union with
the South under federal government that else might not
have been formed with sufficient strength retaae The
south clearly made sacrifice when they assened to
confer upon northern ships monopoly of carrying their
ha mi of Tho
men although firm, was liberal They formed treaties of
reciprocity early with the northern of Europe and
constantly rendered terms of reciprocity and equality
which were hanghty rejected by England, until as Mr.
Hasksson declared, she 'forced by necessity to
adopt them In 1875 in the direct trade with the United
States She, however, obstinatey and arroganily
fused to grant what Mr.. Canning called ga boon,s viz
permission trade with the colonies The United States
however. in 1875 passed law which embraced in the
treaty with Great Britain In respect the direct trade re-
peslng all discriminating duties foreign ships, take
effect in favor of nation which should abolish similar
duties on United States vessels In 1871 they passed
of eoercive character, the effect that no goods
should be imported into the United States except in Ameri-
vessels of those of the nation that produced the goods
this rule not to extend to nations that had adopted
similar rules in of United States vessels The
English would, however, yield nothing respect to their
West India trade. until the United States prohibited British
vessels arriving thence The necessity that had mani
tested itself in 1876 in respect the direct trade was by
this law made apparent in relation the colonial trade,
and Parliament opened certain ports American vessels
for tho admission OF certain goods The vessels however
could not leave the colony for anohe for England
This regulation has remained in force down present
time, when the whole fabric of laws thus penaciousy
maintained during struggle of half century, is re-
moved altogether. Under the old law British ship must
have been built in the British dominion. If she was re-.
paired abroad she lost her nationality; also If sold to
foreigner she could be repurchased; she must be
manned with British and always have
certain number Of apprentices to her tonnage This now
changed vessel may be bought Of foreigners and get
BRUSH registers foreign repairs will affect her nation
amy she may be sold and repurchased. Asiac seamen
are now deemed British. The requirement OF appren-
tees Is removed, and the Queen may waive altogether
the requirement OF certain proportion Of British
British ship has advantages only In the coasng trade of
the British islands, in which foreigners may engage
They may however, trade from colony another, or
to the mother countyJ the colonial legislature may pro-
cure permission for them to trade between different ports
the same colony. Tea may be imported from any country
and foreign whalemen may arrive from These are
Of the main features Of the law which, respect
TO the foreign trade, permits foreign vessels to all that
British ships may do.
This vast change which has been wrought In British
policy by the enterprises and energy Of the United States
developing the eternal truths OF free trade has
itself In England through the of those great
industrial Interests that have grown up In the last thirty
years The most remarkable Of these Is cotton The fol.
lowing table shows the number OF lbs imported into Eng
land, and the quantity OF goods exported ut two
periods.
Cotton imported. Cotton goods exported
Lbs. Plain, yards Dyed. Yam Ibs
1915 IS, SS7,ls3 66d9 $40 9O,3g2 gag gau5t1