Staunton spectator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1849-1896, 1849-12-27

seven thousand and ninety. two dollars and seventy
three cents, l0,547 ,092 49, making in the whole
probable deficit, TO be provided for, of sixteen mil
lions three hundred and seventy five thousand two
hundred and fourteen dollars and thirty nine cents
| (l6.375,2i4 39.)
! The extraordinary expenses OF the war wit. Mex
| leo, and the purchase of California and New Mex-
CO, exceed in amount this deficit together with the
loans heretofore made for those objects. therefore
recommend that authority be given 10 borrow what
ever sum may be necessary To cover that deficit
| l recommend the observance OF strict economy in
| the appropriation and expenditure of the public
money.
recommend revision Of the existing tariff, and
| lis adjustment on basis which msy augment the
| revenue. l do not doubt the right or duty of Con-
prcss &c encourages domestic ndus,rY which is tae
great source of national well as individual wealth
and prosperity lock to llie wisdom and patriotism
OF Congress for the adoption Of system which may
place home labor, at last, on sure and permanent
Iooiing, and by due encouragement of manufactures,
give 4 new and increased stimulus TO agriculture,
and promote the development of our vast resources
ana me extension oil Our commerce. Believing that
10 the attainment OF these ends Gas well the
cessary augmentation of the revenue and the pre-
venii0n ofirauds) system of specific duties is best
adapted, strongly recommend 10 Congress the a.
dopuon oil that system, fixing the duties at rates
high enough TO afford substantial and sufficient en-
enlargement 20 our own industry, and at the same
time So adjusted as TO insure stability.
/ The question of the continuance of the Sub-tTeas-
ury system is respectfully submitted TO the wisdom
of Congress lfoOniinue1. important notifications
of it appear TO be indispensable.
For further details and views of the above and
other matters connected with commerce. The linan-
ces and revenue, refer to the report of the Secre
tary of the Treasury.
No direct aid has been given BY the General Gov
eminent 10 the improvement Of agriculture, eXcep,
by the expenditure of small sums for the collection
and. publication Of agricultural statistics, and for
some chemical anal Uses, which have been thus far,
paid for out of the patent fund. This aid is in my
opinion, wholly inadequate. To give to this lead
ing branch of American industry the encourage
ment which it merits, respectfully recommend the
establishment of an Agricultural Bureau, TO be CON
neccd with the Department of the Inferior. To
elevate the social condition of the agrculturst, 10
increase his prosperity and 10 extend his OF
usefulness 10 his county, by multiplying his sources
OF information, should be the study of every STATES
man, and primary object with every legislator.
No civil government having been provided by
Congress for Cafrnia, the people ofhat Territory
Impelled by the necessities of their political condi-
tlon recently met in convention, for the purpose oil
forming constitution and Stale government, which
tho latest advlces give me reason 10 suppose, has
: been accomplished; and it is believed they vii
shortly apply for the admission of California into
the Union, as sovereign Stale. Should such bt
BILE 10 the acquisitions oi me o>s'ot:..: g ~,
United States, recommend their application 10 th
favorable consideration of Congress.
G The people of New Mexico will also it is be
lleved, at no very distant period, present themseve
r for admission into the Union. Preparatory to tn
admission of California and New Mexico, the PEG
pie OF each will have Instituted for themselves re
t publican form ofgoyerment, ''laying its foundation
IN such principles, and organizing its powers in sue
, form, as TO them shall seem most likely 10 effec
t their safety and happiness"
e BY awaiting their action all causes of uneasnes
d may ne avoided and confidence and kind feelin
e preserved. With view Of maintaining the hal
mony and tranquility dear to all, we should al
: stain from the introduction of those exciting topic
of sectional character which have hitherto produC
+ ed painful approximations in the public mind and
It repeat the solemn warning of The first and most i
ustrous OF my predecessors against furnishing san
It ground for characerZing parties by geographic;
r discrmnations.''
: "A collector has been appointed at San Francisco
uncer the act of Congress extending the revenu
laws over California and measures have been take
TO organize the custom houses at that and the olhe
ports mentioned In that act, the earliest periu
practicable. The collector proceeded overland, an
n advices have not yet been received OF his arrival
d San Francisco. Meanwhile, it is understood Tn;
J. the customs have continued 10 be collected there
e officers acting under the military authority, as the
d were during the administration Of my predecosso
T. 1t will. think, be eXpedent to confirm the cole,
e tons thus made and direct the avas CATER sue
n allowances as Congress may think fit to authorize
D. to be expended within the Territory, or 10 be pal
M into the Tresury, for the purpose of meeting appr
10 Pratons for the improvement Of its rivers and ma
lie bors.
IN party engaged on the coast survey, wa. de-
patched to Oregon in January last. According
r. the latest advces they had not left California an
a directions have been given to them, as the
mt shall have fixed the sites of the two light hous
IN and the buuvS authorised TO be constructed al
pit placed in Oregon TO proceed without delay to NAL
"a Reconnaissance of the most important points ii
II coast OF California, and especially to examine
es determine on sites for lighthouses that coas
all the speedy erection Of which is urgently demandt
ST. 10y our rapidly increasing commerce.
III have transferred the Indian Agencies from L
nd per Missouri and Council Bluffs to Santa Fe al
IN Salt Lake and have caused to be appointed su
IN agents in the valleys of the ella, the Sacrament
SIX and the San Joaquin rivers. Still further legal pr
lie visions will be necessary for the effective and
III cessfu extension Of system of Indian niercouT
in over the new Territories
ny recommend the establishment Of branch mi
i've in California as it will, in my opinion, afford il
hat portant facilities to those engaged in mining, as W.
les as to the Government in the disposition oltho mi
eral lands.
ear / also recommend that commissions be organic
sh, by Congress- TO examine and decide upon the vail
ou ty ofhe present subsisng land titles in Calforn
%, and New Mexico and that provision be made
ons the establishment of offices of Surveyor General
rs, New Mexico, California, and Oregon, and for {
nil surveying and bringing into market the public Ian
ty in those Territories. Those lands remote in POI
and ton and difficult Of access ought 10 DO disposed
sh, terms liberal TO all, but especially favorable
ght the early emigrants.
and In order that the situation and character Of {
su- principal mineral deposles in California may be
md certainsd. recommend that geological and mi
ak oralogica exploration be connected with the line