Arkansas intelligencer., 1849-12-15
1T. SIMPSONS REPORT.

The following is the Report of the discoveries,
recently made by Lit. Simpson in New Mexico
We copy from the National Intelligencer:
SANTA FE, New MEXICO, Sept. %, IS49.
Sir:-On the 18th of August | had the honor
10 submit my maps and report of the route from
Fort Smith to Santa Fe; and also to enclose an
order, from Lit. Col. WASHINGTON, comma nding
this department, directing me TO accompany him
in an expedition to The Navajoe country. This
expedition has been effected, and, think. with
important results. A treaty has been made by
which the Navajoes acknowledge the right of the
government of the United States TO establish mill
tary posts, Indian agencies, and trading houses,
among them; fix and mark boundaries between
themselves and others; interfere in and control
their political relations with neighboriDg tribes
and, in general, exercise all that fostering ca re
| which it has been in the habit of exercising
wa rds the Indian tribes, bordering the States In
addition TO this, a know ledge of the country has
been obtained, in regard to localities, routes,
mountain passes, geological formations, soil, tim
Der, plants, ancient ruins, and ancient inscrp.
tlons, which cannot but be of the highest value TO
geography and history.
The expedition consisted Of artillery and nfan-
try, (regulars,) volunteers, Pueblo and Mexican
| militia, and, inclusive of employees in the Quar-
termaser's Department., numbered proba bly, about
four hundred men. 1t started from here on the
l6ih Of August and returned on the Goth Of Sep
tember. The route taken was hence south wardy
ria Santo Domingo, to Janez and thence, in
general terms north of west, over and through
series OF arroyas, canons, mesas, and mountain
passes-localItiesa and names unknown to science
to the mouth of the renowned canon of Chaile
pronounced Chay-e,) the termination of our
march westward, and the place where the treaty
was negotiated. The return route lay more
southwardly, and was by the way Of the Pueblos
of Zuni and Loguna to Albuquerque, and thence
to this place. The whole distance to the mouth
of the canon of Chaille from Santa Fe was, by
the outward route, 279 miles by the return route
3OI miles. Total length of march, $50 miles.
| All along the route, we me, with objects of in.
terest; bet what probably excited more than any
thing else, series of ruins in The canon Of
Chacco, which,, doubtless, from their locality, ap
pearance, and nInbers, the veritab!e remains
of the Az;ecs of the 18th century; the locality of
which, on the authority of some of the maps,
Humboldt has ascribed t. the vcinage of the very
spot where they were foune These ruins are of
an exceedingly interesting cha-acter, both on ac.
count of the mechanical skill ana taste which thew
display, and of the undoubted evidel..e which thew
furnish of having been erected at r-erv remote
period. The Indians of the present d,y know
nothing Of them, except that, according TO tfiton,
they were once inhabited by people which c.me
from the North that MonteZuma was the Governt-
Of this people and that, after living here for a
period, they dispersed-some eastwardiy, towards
| the Rio Grande, and others sOuthwardiy, towards
the city of Mexico.
| Each pueblo is single structure. covering in
| some insta noes much as two acres in extent
discovering in places, by the still standing walls,
| four stories in height, and containing many as
| three and four hundred rooms. The main walls,
plain surfaces, throughout their whole extent, on
the exterior, are very near three feet thick at
base, and retreat the inner side by a series of
small logs from bottom to top, thus lessening the
mall frOu ard
The whole structure is built of beautifully COM
pact lamelIar sandstone ; the inner portion of this
kind of stone and of clay mortar and the outer
portion faced with pieces of rectangular exactncss;
and so thin that three inches may be considered
| as their maximum thickness, nd three quarters
| of IN inch their least. The general appearance
of the face of the building at little distance of,
is that of magnificent piece of mosaic work.
| Another object Of interest which the expedition
has enabled us to see was, the far-famed canon Of
Chaile, which has ever been regarded as tie
stronghold of the Nnrpioes. on account OF the IN!