The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-06-23

Duke had quilted his states. In Rome revolution
had been accomplished which had profoundly agi-
tated the Catholic and liberal world in effect, for
two years one had been in the habit of seeing on
the Holy Throne pontiff who took the initiative
in useful reforms, and whose name, repeated in
hymns of gratitude from one end Of Italy to the
other, symbol of liberty and pledge of every
hope 1t then we heard on sudden, with as
constituent, that this sovereign, so lately the idol
of his people, had been compelled to fly furtively
from the capital. The acts of aggression which en-
forced Plus TX. TO quit Rome appeared in the eyes
of Europe to be rather conspiracy than the move
ment of a people, which could not have passed in
one moment from the most lively enthusiasm to the
most affecting ingratitude. The Catholic Powers
despatched ambassadors 10 Gaeta to occupy them
selves about the grave interests of the papacy.
France, too, had right to be represented there.
She listened to every thing without committing
herself TO ANY course of action but after the defeat
OF Novarra, affairs assumed more decided aspect;
Austria IN concert with Naples, answering the APP
peal OF the Holy Father, notified to the French go
vernment that 1t must decide upon its course, for
these powers were determined to march upon Rome
with the intention of restoring purely and simply
the authority of the Pope When we were thus
in position in which explanation was necessary,
we had but one of three courses to adopt:
Either to oppose ourselves by arms to every
species OF intervention, in which case we came to
rupture with all Catholic Europe, in the sole inter-
est OF the Roman Republic which we had not re-
cognised.
aOr to allow the three powers in coalition n re.
establlsh according to their inclination and with
out limitation, the authority of the Pope.
Or, lastly, to exercise direct and independent
action by our own spontaneous movement.
The government of the republic adopted this
last course, Ii seemed to us an easy thing to make
the Romans understand that, pressed as they were
on every side, their only chance of safety lay in u.s.
that hrouuht ahon IF to-
suits the return of Plus IX the sovereign faithful
to his own character would bring back with him
reconciliation and liberty that once at Rome, we
guaranteed the integrity of the territory, by de-
priving Austria of every pretext for entering Ro-
magma. We might even hope that our flag once
raised without contest, in the midst of Italy, would
have extended Its protecting influence over the
whole of the Peninsula, none of whose sorrows can
be to us matter of Indifference. The expedition
TO Clvlta Vecchia was then resolved upon in con-
| cert with the National Assembly, which voted the
necessary credits.
. IL had every chance of success; all the advices
received were unanimous In announcing that at
Rome, with the exception of little knot of persons,
who had seized the authority for themselves, the ma
jorlty of the population awaited our arrival with i'm
patience. Common sense might have led one to ex-
pect that this was so, for the choice could scarcely
be doubtful one between our Intervention and that
of the other powers. train of unhappy crcum-
stances led to different result our expeditonary
force, of slender amount in point of numbers (for
serious resistance not foreseen, disemberked at
| Civlta Vecchia, and the government mad received
intelligence that, could 1t have arrived at Rome the
same day, the gates of the city would have been
joyfully Enclosed FOR its entrance. But, whilst
General Oudnot was notifying his arrival to the
government of Rome, Garihaldf Was entering it at
the head of band formed OF refugees from all parts
OF Italy, and even from the rest of Europe, and his
presence, as may be conceived, gave sudden REIN
| orcemeat to the party who went for resistance On
the 3Oth Of April, 5000 of our soldiers presented
themselves before the walls Of Rome. They were
received by musketry some few even, who had
been drawn INTO trap, were made prisoners. This
UNLOCKED for struggle, without making any change
in the final ann OF our enterprise, has paralyzed our
benehcent intentions, and rendered abortive the eff
forts of our negotiators.
| " In the north OF Germany an instruction had
compromised the independence of State, one of
the most ancient and faithful of the allies of France
Denmark saw that the populations of Schleswig and
Holstein were against her. although they recognised
al the time the authority of the sovereign actu-
ally reigning The Central Government of Ger
many deemed 1t its duty to decree the incorpora-
ton of Schleswig with the Confederation, because
great part of the people were Of German race
This measure has become the reason of a most de.
termlned war. England has offered her mediation
which has been accepted. France, Russia, and
S"tuch haft sIOWH themselves ulspOStu 10 SUP
port Denmark. Negotiations opened some months
back established the conclusion that Schleswig was
To form, under the authority Of Denmark, a sepa-
rate State But, when the principle had been once
admitted, they could not come TO an understanding
upon the consequences which should have been de-
duced from IT, and hosttes recommended The
efforts Of the powers have named tend al this mo-
ment TO the conclusion of armstice, which
Will be the preliminary Of definite arrangement.
The rest of Germany is agitated by grave pertur-
bations.
"The efforts made by the Assembly at Frank
fort, IN favor of German unity, have provoked the
resistance ofsevera of the federal states and brought
about conflict which, as 1t approaches our From
tiers, Will necessltate on part an anxious over
looking The Empire of Austria, engaged in a fear
fu contest with Hungary has though itself author
ized IN calling in the assistance of Russia. The in
tervenuon of this power, the march Of its armies
towards the west, could not but excite to high de-
gree the solctude Of the government, which has
exchanged upon this subject several diplomatic
notes. Thus there exists everywhere in Europe
causes OF collision which we have sought to remove
preserving, at the same time, our independence OF
action and proper character In all these questions
we have always been IN agreement with England
which has gwen us proofs of goodwill of which we
should be sensible To conclude, gentlemen Rep
resenauves, If our negotiations have not obtained
the which we had a right to expect, believe
ment Of the Republic is that Of the honor and ne-
rest Of France"
The following are the Presidents leading re-
: marks IN concluding this important message:
81 Such, gentlemen, is a summary exposition Of
: the actual state Of the affairs Of the Republic You
see that anxIeties are heavy, our difficulties
great, and that we have many important questions
to solve. domestic well foreign. Strong, how
ever, in your support, and that Of the nation,
hope, nevertheless TO be able to raise myself to the
level Of the task, by following out a clear and pre-
/ else Of action.
"This course consists in boldly taking the nita-
tive in all the ameliorations and in all the reforms
which may contribute TO the wel-being Of all and
the other hand by REFRESHING by the severity Of
, laws which have become necessary, those attempts
at disorder and anarchy which proong the public
uneaslness. We will not cradle the people in llu-
: sions and Utopias which only exalt the magina-
? ton to end in deception and misery. Whenever
an idea which contains the germ Of practical re-
suits, will cause It to be studied and, lift be APP
p, pllcable, will propose TO you TO apply it.
I, "The principal mission Of a republican govern.
ncnt, above all, is to enlighen, and by the nantes
tation Of TRUTH to dissipate the deceiful halo with
which personal interest parties seeks to dazzle