Baltimore commercial journal, and Lyford's price-current. [volume] (Baltimore, Md) 1840-1849, 1849-08-25
LECTURES ON HUNGARY .
Cnrrcsnondence Of The Trihmnr.

DR.. Kraitsif's first Lecture was Geographical
He said the Empire Of Austria divided into the
Kingdom Of Hungary and its dependencies, which
the Emperor, when crowned King Of Hungary,
swore to govern by constitution $50 years old;
and what were called the Hereditary Provinces,
which he governs by despotic sway, asking coun-
sci and taking no direction from the people govern
ed. These hereditary provinccs--so called-are
Austria proper, Carnola, Carinthia, Tyrol, lyria,
Venice, Iombardv, Styra, Bohemia, Mprava, Gal
licia and Lodomeria. The Kingdom of Hungary is
now Hungary, Sclavonia Croatia and Dalmatia,
and formerly included tiallica and Lodomeria 4lso
Rama, Bulgaria, Servia, Bosnia and Wallachia
| For the King Of Hungary is always crowned
King of Ten Provinces, and in his oath promises to
restore these ten Kingdoms, some of which have from
time to time been lost.
On an excellent large cloth map the doctor show
ed us the Carpathian Mountains bordering the north,
east and part of the south Of the Kingdom Of Han
gary, and sending spurs south and west, covering
with these spurs the whole of Pennsylvania, the
principality in the south east. These mountains
were seen to leave very plainly very large plain
lying between the Danube, running south from Pres
| burg, and Transatlantic The River Thesis ran
south through the middle of the plain and met the
Danube on the south, for having received the brave
and Save which flow from the west with Sclavonia
between them, the Danube is turned east and runs
along on the south into Wallacha.
This great plain he described immensely rich
| in all vegetable and animal productions, nOtwith-
standing there are parts of it sandy, rolling sand,
! like the Desert of Sahara-and parts marshy, pro-
duced by the rivers from 1ransylania running west
and stagnating in the plain-and vast praires like
| those of our Western States; hut on the northern
side Of this plain the southern declivitics OF the
mountains, were the finest vineyards in the world.
| Grain grows proEusely on the plains everywhere In
the southern part, called the anat (rom Ban or Fan
| equivalent to the German lierO grows Rice and
| Cotton. Among the Cattle he mentioned immensely
| large white, horned Catte-none like them in the
| world-of which there is profusion in Hungary;
and the Horses called, in rdcue Of their smallness,
! by the Germans, cute CGts;" but so swift and
spirited that they inspire terror cavalry; not to
| be rvalled by the great horses Of Germany, who
| can only turn once while these "Eule cats" run
round them three times. Besides these vegetable
and animal treasures, among which did not men
ton the vast Forests of Transylvania-the noun
tains are full of mneras-Gold, Silver, Copper,
Iron, Zinc, and Rock Salt. Gallica has its name
from Salt, being originally HaIc2, and in the north
of Hungary, in its present limits, the carriagewheels
of travellers often cut their way in Rock Salt.
There is Salt enough in Hungary OF the best kind
as well as other productions, to supply all Europe,
if well managed.
But it is the interest of the House of Austria
that Hungary shall not have Foreign Commerce.
1t is an article of the Hungarian Constitution that
| no money is to be granted to the Government eX-
cept at the decree OF the Diet The Dict have held
fast to this Constitutional principle under all their
oppression, at great personal sacrifice OF present gains
with the noble instinct that to yield their Constitu-
ton is yielding the vitality of their national charac-
ter. The Austrians therefore adopt policy, call
ed in common parlance, /" Smotherlng Hungary in
its own grease;' they let the riches of Nature IN
crease and afford it free outlet. 1t is an Austrian
law that the Hunsarians sell only to the hereditary
provinces which combine to make them sell cheap
their raw produce, very little money goes into
Hungary A Gordon of the most terrible custom
houses in the world surround Hungary and keep it
from exporting. Then manufactures are forbidden ii
Hungary, and cherished in the manufacturing dis
trlcts, so the raw produce is returned to Hungary
manufactured, at enormous prices. The richest
Hungarian, rolling in proIusion of produce, has little
or no money So he cannot travel, for he cannot
put mines, and wheatGeds, and horned cattle in
his pocket for Z" changen And this serves another
Austrian object; they do not want the Hungarian:
to travel and learn how much better things ART
managed elsewhere.
He made it very interesting by showing how
nobly the Hungarian Diet has maintained its position
during centuries of persecution like this, nursing thu
sacred fire of constitutional liberty, i'll the eXpecta
ton of time when it might enillndle and warm
Herewith all Europe.