The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-04-10

diers the Chiefs that neither will advance as thew
did before by chance, and that they will understand
that they have before them formidable enemy, q
whom they cannot free themselves except by prudence
perseverance, and energy Il must be hoped ALSO thsf
mont will not content themselves with sterile wishes,
and will not lose their time in singing the sue cess Of
drive away the foreigner Without this rising en- nuasse
without great union iron discipline, and rate
pagn; but with them, the contrary; in the state IN
which the interior affairs and especially the finances.
of Austria are, this campaign may be decisive.
Manifesto OF the PletImontesc Governments
to the European Powers. ir'
The Sandman government forced by the pro-
gress of events TO resume the course to which tho
desire of the Italian people, determined to recon-
quer their independence, had called it, turns COM
denty to the opinion of Europe, in order that its
inicntions and conduct may be Justly Appreciated
The origin and progress of the Italian revolution,
which broke out in consequence of many causes,
slowly accumulated and matured by time and by
the progress OF civilization. need not here be stated
The first cry which it sent forth was the VOW to
restore national Independence the object to which
it proved itself constantly faithful in its various
| phases was to remove the obstacles to the accom-
prised IN the domination of Austria over the Lom-
| bardo-V enctlan provinces, and IN the influence
which she, either openly or secretly constantly
aspred to exercise and really dld exercise in the
| natural that the Italian revolution should see in
| Austria her principal enemy, and that it should
unite all ITS strength against her. +. tan
Could the Italian governments, even had they
wished it, have annullcd that yove of the Italian
| revolution The most spontaneous and serious
consderatonslead to the conviction that they could
not, and then less than at any other time. For the
nations who had just obtained from their govern-
mcnts those liberal institutions, the desire and tho
necessity for which were so inveterate, felt not
only love for their newly obtained liberty, but also
the conviction that true liberty cannot exist unless
! based on independence And, therefore, had not
the governments shown themselves staunch friends
| to independence, the people would have conceived
suspicious against their sincerity, and would only
have eeen momentary concessions easily TO bo
Withdrawn when circumstances might have Change
ed in those very liberal institutions. Nor could the
people, BESIDES have avoided the constant fear that
their new condition would be continually opposedby
AUSTRIA perpetual enemy to liberty in 1taly-be~
cause nefe she always saw the principle which must
destroy her dominion and influence Hence itisclear
that the Italian governments could not attempt to
restrain their people without, as 1t were, divorclng
themselves from them, and throwing their Statee
into all the horrors of civil war, to be followed, OF
course, by the greatest disorder and the dissoutiou
| of every social institution. Isl. 3 -...f ,f ttoo
| Were the Italian governments to oppose the dee
sire of their people, merely in obedience to the
| presumed rights of Austria? These are founded
in possession and In treaties But as to possession.
| it may always be inquired what was its origin :
and as to treaties how they have been established
Above all, it must be considered that the posses.
sions of Austria, in the several territories of which
| the Lonbardo-V Venetian kingdom was composed,
are of varied origin. For it Is not to be believed
that Austria means seriously TO refer to the ancient
over Italy--rghts which, supposng them to be his
toricaly admitted, have been entirely DESTROYED bv
those very facts and those very stipuatons upon
which Austria takes her stand to support her pre-
tensions: To reproduce the titles of possession Of
Austria tor these provinces, which formerly consti~
| tuted the Duchies of Milan and Mantua, would ba
renewing the dispute on the legitimate reversbli-
ty of the fefs of the empire; it would be reviving
the principles of defunct jurisprudence to Judge
living and present question. If those PROVINCES
WHICH formed the continent of the Venetian Re-
public considered, the possession of AustriH
energies as founded only in one of those great are
birary acts ever reproyed by universal conscience
rs being contrary to all the rules of justice and
equity, and In virtue of which two great pow.
making small state disappear. The Sardiniarr
government well knows what arguments may ba,
adduced when it is pretended that the heres
dary character of the past is preserved untouchi
ed, or when all the arbitrary acts Of mera
might are to be legtimsed; but it would be-
| ashamed to confute them in these days in tha
| lodged, or is on the point of acknowledging ths
| necessity OF reconstructng universal public right
upon new basis. Profoundly convinced that the
preservation of the civil order of things depends
coil, nor Will she rcco from the consequences Ct
the principles she has frankly adopted; and, ready
as she is to defend them with all her might, She
does not hesitate in most Loyalty declaring them.
And, therefore, the Sandman government, bee
llevng that the Italian governments cannot recOg-9
MISE Austra's right of possession, further believes
that her pretensions, founded on treaties, not
the less groundless. The old treaties need not be-
mentioned, because they have lost every value in
consequence of the successive stipulatons thar
profoundly altered thcm and as to the treaties Of
Is known to the world that Italy was forced to un-
dergo them, and that Austria, as well in Italy as i'm
other countries, completely eluded the spirit Of
them IN the interest of her policy of absorbing the
various natlOnaitles which hpr eta feQ
And how can the idea fail TO present itself spon-
taneously, that Austria cannot be admitted to claim
IN Italy the treaties of 1915, after she herself has
broken them by the violent occupation of Cracow,
against which the protests of ali Europe still re.
sound Moreover, il treaties can settle questions
pending between nations, they cannot dispose Of
the very existence of nations, more than they
can cancel history, abolish a language, or deter
mine that transtory fact created by force shall
perpetually prevail over the laws established by
nature and Providence. Italy must, like other
countries, exist by herself not merely in geogra-
ply and statistics, but in the intercourse Of civil
zed nations; this has been for many ages the de-
sire OF all the nations of the Peninsula, the most
constant manifestation OF Italian opinion and feel
which at various times some Italian governments
had In view; the meditations of the most elevated
minds the hopes OF an innumerable host of mar
tyrs OF liberty. This desire, this manifestations
cry OF all the populations of Italy-a cry that daiy
increased IN energy and menace at the announce
ment OF all the acts of violence Austria had re-
course to to restrain the provinces subject to her
dcmnion-.a cry that changed into universal un-
resrainable call to arms, at the outbreak of the
revolution of Lombardy and Venice Could the
Italian goverments oppose such an explosion Of
the national will I7I
The Sandman government does not shrink from
the responsibility Of having commenced the war
ct Italian independence; on the contrary, it be-
lievcs II may be proud of II, not because in so do
ing it acccded to the desire of the people and thus
preserved the most sacred principles of social or.