The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-29


fore made fer these objects | Therefore submit
that authority he given to borrow whatever sums
may he necessary to cover that deficit, and rec
ommend a strict economy in appropriations and
expenditures Of the public money.
recommend revision If the tariff aid IT. nd
iustncut on basis which may augment the reye-
uuc. don doubt tie right or duty Of congress
To encourage domestic industry which is the great
source Of national as well as individual wcul,h and
prosperity | look to the wisdom and patriotism
Of congress for the adoption Of system vlith
may place h me labor upon sure and permanent
footing and, 10y due encouragement Of naluijc
lures give Il new and increased stimulus to agI-
culture and promote the development Of Cur
common country Believing that, To the attain
ment Of these ends, as well as the necessary aug
mcntaton of the revenue, and prevention offfards,
Il system Of specific duties is best adapted to the
country, strongly recommend 70 congress the a.
dopti,n of that system, fixing the rates high g.
nough to afford some subst utia and sufficient en-
enlargement to cur own industry and at the same
time 50 adjusted as to insure stability
The question Of the continuance Of the eubtrca
sury system is respectfully submitted 70 the wis.
dom Of congress If continued important modf
cations gift appear to be indi pesable. For further
detaisand reviews Of the above, and Others conncc
ted with commerce, the finances, and revenue, |
refer 10 the report Of the Secretary Ct the Treas
ury.
No direct aid has been given lv the general
government TO the improvement Of agriculture,
except by the expenditure Of small sums fv the
collection Of agricultural statistics, and for cieni
cal analysis which have been paid out Of the pa.
tent Office This aid is in my opinion wholly mad.
equate to give TO the leading branch Of American
industry the encouragement ii merits. respect.
fully recommend the establishment Of an agriclil.
ural bureau to he connected with the department
Of the Interior. To elevate the social condition Of
the aGrculturalist 10 increase lis prosperity. TO
extend hS means Of usefulness to- his country 10y
multiplying his sources of information, should be
the study of every statesman, and the primary
obcctof every legislator.
No civil government having been provided for
California the people Of that territory, inpelled
by the necessities Of their political condition,
recently met in convention for the purpose offor-
ming constitution and state government which
recent adviccs lead as 10 suppose has been nc.
compli4hed: and it is believed they will shortly
apply for the admission Of California into Union us
a sovereign state. Should such be the case, and
should their constitution be comfortable to the
requirements uE the constitution Of the United
States, recommend their application to the ilyo-
raOle consideration of congress. The people Of
New Mexico will also it i, believed al no dis.
tant period, present themselves Tor admission in
ia the Union. Preparatory 10 the admission Of
California and New Mexico, they will have insti-
tutcd for themselves a republican form ofgovcrn-
ment, laying lis foundations ON such principles
and organizing its powers in such form Is to them
selves seems most likely to protect their own
safety end happiness. BY awaiting their action
all causes of uneaSincss may be avoided and con
tidcnce and kindly feelings be preserved. With
a view Of maintaining the harmony and tranquil.
ty So dear to ALL we should abstain from the intro
ductlon of those exciting topics of sectional cha
ractcr hitherto producing painful apprehension il,
the public mind and lrcpeat the solemn warning Of
the first and most iIlu'rious Of my predecessors tc
guard aglins, furnishing any ground for section
al di's cnsions and characteTia'ng parties 10y geo
graphical Discrimination
y collector has been appointed at San Franci,
co, under the act ofcongreSS extending the rcvcu
ne laws over California. Measures have been tn
ken to organize the custom houses at that point
and ut other points mentioned in that act at thC
earliest period practicable. The collector proccc
ded overland, and adyices have not vet been re
ociycd Of his arrival at San Francisco Meanwhile
il Is understood that the customs have been con
timed to be collected by officers acting under tn
military authority rs they did under the admins
traiion of my predecessor twill, think, be cN
pcdicHt to confirm the collectors thu, made an,
direct the ayailS, with such an allowance as con
| grcss may see fit to authorize 90 bc cxpcndc,
withsu th territory or TO be paid into the trcasur
for tlt purpos. of meeting appropriations fox tl
improvement Of rivers and harbors
! \ party engaged in the coast survey was dies
/ patched to Oregon in July last. According Il
latest adyces they had not left California, and ii
/ rcctious have been given Ia them that rs soon IA
I they shall have fixed on the site Of the two ligh
! houses and bloys, authorized TO be constructed il
| Oregon, To proceed without delay 10 make a re
connolsancc Of the most important points ON Tia
coast of Cafoynia, and especially to c.a
mine and determine on sites for light house
on that coast the speedy erection ofwhi,h is eyi
IDENTIFY demanded by very rapidly incrcasn,
commerce.
have transferred the Indian agcncy from Tn
| per Missouri aud Council Bluffs to Santa Fc an,
Salt Lake. and have caused To be appointed sub
| agents IN the valleys Of the ella. the Sacrament,
and the san lloaquin rivers. Still further lcga
! appropriations will he necessary for the cfcctua
and successful extension of our Indian iutlIcuurs
over the new territories.
would recommend that commissioners be aU
thorlsed by congress to decide upon the yait
/ of the present Sub-stiug land titles in Califnrni
and New Mexico, and that provision be- made f.
the establishment of officers Of surveyor gener,
N New Mexico and Oregon, and for surveying an
bringing into market the public land, Of thos
territories.
Those lands remote and difficult of access ougl
Ia be disposed Of on terms liberal TO all but esp,
cially favorable to the carly cmigrants. In ord,
that the situation and character of the princip;
mineral depoSites may be- ascertainrd, | recon
mend chat n geological aud meteorological cxplor
ton hc connected with a general survey and thu
the mineral lands be divided into small lots sui
able for mining and disposed of by sale or lease
so as 10 give our citizens an opportunity of secu
Ing u permanent right Of property in the so
This would seem rs important to the success
mning rs ofagricultural pursuits. The great N
neral wealth of California the advantages viii,
it, ports and harbors, and those os Oregon. alIo
10 commerce. and especially with the Islands
the Pacific and Indian Oceans and the populo
regions of Eastern Asia, make it certain, that the
will arise in II few years large aud prospcro
communities on our western coast
Communications the best and most expedition
which the nature of the country will admit
should be opened within the territory Of the L,
ted States from the avigablc waters Of the CT
70 the Pacific The opinions us expressed by ~
large and respectable conventions lately asscr