New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1849-03-03
Chemistry In its Relation to Agriculture.
IN. a.rrsErL's ELEVENTH. LECTURE.

.
DR.. syrrsTrr', Eleventh Lecture was delivered on
Tuesday evening snd treated unsinlY Of the Growth
and Deposition Il "a: sni Muscle IN Anirs's-Ha7ipg
considered 10 TIE previous Lectures .o5ssrv ih@ Dr)
TIE varieties and 6srcn: Constituents q plants the
mex, important thing Is, the means Whereby snnsls
are ed y the sgeisrcn produced. II eourast
the substance Of he and other sold parts u the
animal body and TIE CHE: c1rstusn.s Of hose plants
which form their food W shal no, fad them ~ al iif-
frert-merlv tie sane substances transferred direct.
7 y from the plant 70 TIE BODY Of the animal
The chief sub,sn,et impaired directly from the Plan
TO the animal The Dr. designated As TIE gluten, a5a-
men and esseln Nitrogen f. contained IN Whea, and
Other plants Of the SANE Character generally in the
proportion of 10 per ceat-and this mainly In tho slu
ZEN The milky aGii Observable In The zrecn plant put
which becomes solid matter when the igN growth has
been attairsd Is the a5umcn While the substanca "a
Peas and Beans has received the name OF czsein -
These al contain in every lOO parts, - per cen, Of
Nitrogen and are definite c0mpounds-ihc production
Of the Ntr gc1ou1 particles being tne object Ter which
plants are grown a. food Tor animals
Contrasting tnese nitrogsuous substances Ia plants
with those found 10 animss the blood and the
ces, We ind Ia them Remarkable rcscmolancc-the
flesh aud blood. solid matters Of animals having the
chemical constituents as the gluten, a.5uncn and
caieln confined in vegetables.
There is hardly any pi.nt that grows lcon;lnuee
I III
within H. and this Is found mslny 10 the husk Of the
grs1s All the oil produced by tire Ost Is contained in
ia husk aud 70 this Is owing the fatening property Of
these husks VIXEN given b animals as ood-n al oil
plants however. had that snc quantity II oil stord
ed i not large, but constant.
Il /. thus seen tha plants already contain two CUB
stances essential 10 the growth Of tha anlma-gluten
solid parts and tie oil which Is necessary b
form the fatty matters Of the b0cyThat the latter is
the case IL aoundanty proved BY experiment; Tor In
stance we end there "a no difference whatever between
Dali. ~. nrds haa
ia found In the body Of the animal The question then
naturally Hrises Is the process OF Digestion cOmplcst
ed or very simple onei TIE Conclusion must ire
sistioiy force i;s-. upon our maids observed Dr. A.
that the simples, method would be that which Nature
herself adopts and hence that the power of digestion
nothing than the separation and transpOsiton Of
the substances used food they being transported
needed 10 the different parts % the body Hence the
fattening of animals becomes very simple and easy
matter II s only necessary 10 supply those portions
which require building Up. u required to lay on tat
the animal need only be- supplied with those vegetable
substances containing oleaginous lugrcdienis-i you
wish TO put in good condition sitter 4 built up then
should be supplied with those compounds Of Nitrogen
In the greatest abundance and 90 through the
tire catalogue Of the Farmers requirements.
Another point the Lecturer here introduced in the
same onneciion, the formation OF Csrbonic Acid
by the processes Of respiration and the yAton thence
resulting 10 the atmosphere. He went on 20 detail snd
explain the chemical chsnges thus produced and the
necessity OF srPpvtHg tis raae 90 crested We then
to the query Of the Of respiralon-takiug in
CffyOu from the ar Only give IL OUT again IN lew
moments but looking at This carefully. ii Is dseoy
cred that the formation of carbonc acid Is always
cOmpsn!ed by great degree Of heat, whether within
the body Of the animal or elsewhere we know slsO
that whs, Il Law Of Nature externally must be inter
Raily-and hence perceive The important Ct res
pirsuon is to create aud maintain the animal heat
No ons animal, continued the Dr. can be fed too well
upon those substances which most suitable tor 10
But ihese should be- selected with care and with cspe
ca reference TO toe rapid formation OF h.sh fatty sub
stances add blood II IL no economy 10 Withhold ahy
sgs,uy 1i ~as 10 the re y1sns sa% eoTso,s y cen
matters which are absolutely essena to proper growth
and development
In following the poiu, Of the deposi,ion of FAT and
Muscle DR.. A. remarked that The Of the animal has
great effect therein. We know, said he. that scno
vi Men will never lay fat but are constiution
ally lean with animals there varieties which
will not fstien. Hence good farmers are always care
fu 20 select those kinds Of stock which have tendency
10 form flesh and bono rapidly, and which hsve been
bred for long tme-Anoiher Important point ia si-s
The smaller varieties being found to lay on flesh better
than the larger are consequently more valuable Ia the
Farmer The DR.. thought that exercising cattle Is in
imcal TO the sying OF fat. Although the y0sng ami
mails should be allowed to about freely the very
reverse is the case when they taken up fatten
then they should be allowed to exercise very little
The DR.. however, was opposed, in toto, 10 the cru
etes prscticed upon animals in cornnement He
remarked that they should never be tied IN stalls smaller
than will allow them TO turn about freely aud he
urged also, the necessity of cleanliness and ventilation
We know from our own experience, SAID be, me els
CDuluft OF D1lly c4thtsi u - just 81 Win
the animal. II in the depth of Winter we should be
fed with and frosty urnps, allowed 70 90 about at
night, and each be compelled to lie down, II AZ All, In
his own fhh-ii certainly would be inimicsl y any
thing Ike thriving condition Fresh Dir the Dr. also
urged 10 be necessary 10 the animal as warmth he
advocated the presence of but limited degree OF gh
when the formation OF fat Is desired unul maturity
10 attained re though, the iu lighs and heat OF the
desFsble-but that being reached and the animal
put up 10 fston ind that partial darkness Is bet
ter adapted TO the purposes required 10 China, and
other countries possessing less enlightenment than
ourselves well convinced the agricultural popu
laon OF the effect Of the abstraction OF light that they
pu, the eyes Of snmsls 10 them % iaen the
more resdily-ssyipg them other resource than 20
eat and sleep there being during sleep, much slower
respiration.
Thus the Dr. passed rapidly in review the General
Treatment OF Live STOCK the farm summing up toe
whole by brief aud invsriabe rules which II followed
cannot be otherwise than successful viz TO keep the
Cattle warm and clean supplying them with aound
ance Of food. giving II 10 them 10 Winter slightly
warm or steamed and above all keeping the animals
perfectly clean, aud free from al cirrumsiances which
nsy csnse them irritation.