Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1849-12-27


exceed in amount this deficit, together with the
loans heretofore made for those objects. |
therefore recommend that authority be given to
borrow whatever sum may be necessary TO
cover that deficit | recommend the observance
of strict economy in the appropriation and ex-
pendllure OF public money.
recommend revision Of the existing tariff,
and ITS adjustment on a basis which may aug
ment the revenue. do not doubt the right or
duty OF Congress 10 encourage domestic indus
| try, which is the great source Of National as
well as individual wealth and prosperity. | look
| to the wisdom and patriotism of Congress f the
adoption of system which may place home la
Dor, at last, on sure and permanent footing, and
by due encouragement of manufactures, give a
new and increased stimulus to agriculture and
promote the development Of our vast resources
and the extension Of our commerce. Believing
that to the attainment of these ends las well as
the necessary augmentation of the revenue and
The prevention OF trauds) a system of specific
duties is best adapted strongly recommend to
Congress the adoption of that system, fixing the
duties at rates high enough 10 afford substantial
ana sufficient encouragement to our own indus
try, and at The same time so adjusted as 10 insure
stability.
The question of the continuance of the Sub
treasury system is respectfully submitted to tie
wisdom OF Congress. II continued, important
/
For further details and views on the above
and other matters connected with commerce. the
finances and revenue refer to the report of the
Secretary of the Treasury.
NO direct aid has been given by the General
Government t0the imp, ovcment of agriculi ure
except by the expenditure of small SUNS for the
collection and publication of agricultural Stats
tics, and for some chemical analyses, which have
been thus far paid for ont of the patent fund
| 10 give tn this leading branch Of American in
dusry the encouragement which 1t merits, ! re.
| specially recommend The establishment of an
! Agricultural Bureau, to be connected with the
Department of the Interior. To elevate the so
cal condition of the agrculturist, to increase
his prosperity, aud TO extend his means OF use.
iulncs1 to his country, by multpyn. his sources
Of information, should be the study of every
statesman, aud primary object with every leg
slutor
No civil government having been provided by
Congress for California, the people OF thar Ter
ritOry, ilnpelled by the necessities Of their po.
Iica cundi ion, recently met in convention for
the purpose of forming a Constitution and State
Government, which, the latest adyces give me
reason o suppose, has been accomplished and
1t is believed they will shortly apply for the adj
mission OF California ito the Union, as u SOW
ereigp State. Should such be the cnse, and
slou their consiu ion be conformablc to the
acquisitions OF the Constitution of the Uni ed
States, recommend their application 10 the ia
yorab c nsidefation of Congress.
The people of New Mexico will also, it is be.
lievcd at no very distant period, present them
selves for admission into he Union. Prepare.
tory to the admission of California and New
Mexico, the people Of each will have instituted
Tor themse YES repub Ican form If government,
laying Its foundations III such principles, and
organizing its powers in such form, as to them
shall seem most Likely 10 effect their safety and
happiness"
iiy awaiting their action, all causes of unea-
sness may be avoided, and confidence and kind
feeling preserved With view Of maintaining
the harmony and tranquility 81 dear to ul we
should abstain from he Introduction Of those ex-
citing topics Of a sectional character which have
hitherto produced painful apprehensions in the
public mind aud repeat the solemn warning
OF the inst and most llustrious of my predeces-
sors ngainst furnishing any ground for charac-
tcrzlng parties gy geogfaf hSnaI Determinations"
a Collector has been appointed at San Fran,
cisco, under the act of Congress extending the
revenue laws over California and measures
nave beeh taken to organize the custom houses
at that aid tire other ports ntIoned IN that act
at the earliest period practicable The collector
proceeded overland, aud adyices have not vet
been received Of his arrival at San Francisco.
Meanwhile, it is understood that the customs
nave continued to he collected thee by officers
acting under The military authority, as they were
during the administration OF my predecessor.-
1t WILL, think, be eXpedient to coairm the col
lectipns thus made, and direct the avalls, latter
such allowances US Congress may t ink fit to au-
thorize,) to be expended within the Territory, or
to be pad into the Treasury, for the purpose OF
meeting appropriations for the Improvement Of
It's rivers and hnrbOrs.
A putty, engaged on the coast survey, was de-
spatched TO Oregon in January last According
tn the latest advces, they had not left California;
and directions have been given TO them, AS soon
as they shall have fixed on the sites Of the two
light hou cs and the buoys authorized to be con.
slructed and placed IN Oregon. 10 proceed with
out delay to make "Reminiscences of the most
important points on the coast of California, and
especially to examine and determine on sites tor
light houses on that coast, the speedy erection
OF which is urgently demanded by our rapidly
increasing commerce.
have transferred the Indian Agencies from
Upper Missouri and Council Bluffs to Santa Fe
and Salt Lake and have caused to be appointed
agents in the valleys of the Gia the Sacra-
mento, and San JOoqIin rivers. Still further le-
gal provisions Will be necessary for the effective
aud successful extension Of our system OF Indian
intercourse over tie new Territories.
recommend the establishment Of branch
mint in California, as it will in my opinion, af
ford important facilities 10 those engaged in
mining, as well us TO the Government in the DIS
position of the mineral lands.
also recommend that commissions be organ-
lied by Congress, to examine aud decide upon
the validity Of the present subsistlng land titles
in California and New Mexico AMI that provls
ion be made Tor the establishment OF offices Of
Surveyor General in New MEXICO, California,
and Oregon, and toI The Surveying and bringing
into market the public lands in those Territories.
Those lands remote in position aud difficult of
access, ought to be disposed of on terms liberal
to all, but especially favorable 10 the early emf
grants.
In order that the situation and character of
the principal mineral deposites in California may
be ascer,ained, recommend that geological
and neurological exploration be connected with
the linear surveys, and that the mineral lands be
divided into small lois suitable for mining, aud
be disposed OF, by sale or lease so as to give our
citizens an opportunity of procuring permanent
right of property in the soil. THIS would seem
to be us important to the success of mining as
of agricultural pursuits.
The great mineral wealth of California, and
the advantages which its ports and harbors, and
those Of Oregon, afford'to commerce, especially
with the islands OF the Pacific and Indian oceans,
and the populous regions of Eastern Asia, make
it certain that there will arise in few years,