Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1849-08-27
MISCELLANEOUS.
From the Boston las.
Hungary-Austria-The Edingburgh Review

As we have already informed our readers. the Edin-
bnreh Review. In its July number. devotes a very able
article 10 the condition and prospects Of Hungary. We
have already drawn so much upon The same subject from
The two excellent articles which preceded it in numbers
of Backwards Magazine, that it will not BE- necessary
or desirable 10 devote so much space 10 the one now in
question. In many respects it occupies the same ground
as those Off predecessors. Yet there is much in il that
claims our consideration and makes it deserving our in
terest and attention. 1t is attracting the notice of the
public men of England, has been largely quoted by Mr..
Osborne on the flor of Parliament, in the recent debate
on the Hungarian question, was warmly |eulugised in the
great Hungarian sympathy meeting in London, and il
calculated 10 exercise a very great aud salutary Influence
upon the public mind of Great Biiain, wherever its in
fnence may extend. When 50 much shameful ignor
ance or gross nnfairness has been exhibited, on a part ola
large portion # the leading English press, such articles
as those in Blackwood, already referred 10, aud the one
belnre us. are most welcome.
1t is iutimated in D1uglas Jerrolj's Weekly News,
that the author ntthis article is at home in the country,
as he most certainly is in the subject. lie commences
with calling attention to che true position of Hungary de
monstrdting that it never has been, at any time, a pro
vince of Austria. The Emperor was King of Hungary,
just as the late King of England was also King Of Han
over. The crown of 81. Stephen was ever the symbol
ofan independent nation, and the coronation oath. admin
stored for more than three centuries by the Diet at Pres
burg. 10 fourteen rnonarclis Of the house Of llapsbnrg, was
expressly guarded SO as II secure all their immuniI ies to
the Hungarian PEOPLE.
' pass wv wv NdHhi vi lbINH. hib ~ INH INV w NJ
readers, the writer's history of The rights and privileges
enjoyed by the Hungarians from time immemorial, and
he unsuccessful articles of their rulers TO render them
null, and will not even dwell at any length upon the
three methods shown to have been recommended TO the
Emperor, 10 a letter dated oath March, 1913. by the
Archduke Stephen. Of ~abrogating the Hungarian lmmu
mites. We will simply name them-a peasant war tobe
melted against the nobles-a commissioner armed with
martial Iaw = and a temporary compromise with Count
Batlhyanv. All We're tried and failed.
The " Iipr triuunhanIlv shows thai there il no clear
er fact in the history Of Europe than the constitutional
independence Gf Hungary. Their Institutions are not
merely title deeds as old as the connection of Hungary
aud Austria, but haea'alsa been splemniy recognized both
IN spirit and letter at every election and accession 10 the
throne. The true cause of the aggres-ions upon Hun
gary, he showi>were the ~abogation Of The privileges en-
joyed by the higher classes the prospect of a cordial
union, in consequence, between the once privileged and
unpriyiledged classes, alarmed Austria. She dTesded a
united family. The writer shows that one concession
yielded by Hungary was Illegal. As the Hungarian con
stltniion expressly declares hat "the king cannot be dis
charged from the duties Of sovereignty without the con
sent Of the nation - the present Emperor is neither de
jure nor de tdcto King Of Hungary, but, in the language
Of Hung man law, "a foreigner"
The article proceeds to give in detail the articles sue
cesslvely employed by Court, 10 evade the solemn obi
cations OF the constitution and the coronation oath 10 sup
pori il, and an Interesting sketch of the institutions of The
country. These institutions have enabled that people to
maintain Their love oftreedom even amidst all these a
buses. There is much in them famllia: from our own
forms. such "a county administration managed by the
landed propfietors; village organizaion. witt, election OF
magistrates every where the continual exercise OF
some IL ht. amidst disputes OF local or general interest
personal %iieedon, in a country where passports are un-
knuwn religious liberation. carried out fairly In practice,
notwithstanding the demlralizng preponderancei in wealth
Of one church.
Among the many errors, tonch NJ the Hungarian qnes-
ton encouraged by Austria, is the regarding this as a wal
OF races. The wri 9 proves this To be a mistaken idea
by showing thai a very large portion of the non-Aagyar
races have. from the first, joined heartily with the Mag
vars, and that portion which Were, by the intrigues Of
hiriines of Austria. drawn from their support, are fast
returning and making common cause for the independence
Of Hungary. These non Magyar races are, in numbers
Nallachs, 2.3l7 $40 Germans, l,422.i6S; Slovacks
2,22O,000; Rulhenes, $4,000; Wends 10000 Cruats,
,352 800 Servians, 943 900. OF these all the Sln-
vacks and tuihenes, nearly all the Germans and hall
The Nallachs sided with the Magyars from the hrsl -
Indeed two OF the most important posts IN The kingdom
are held, one by a Servian, the other by a ScalvonIan.
The article next dwells upon the physical contoTma-
ton OF Hungary, as an important element Of its deien-
sive strength. lis Northern bulwark is the Carpalhiar
Mountains, four hundred miles in extern. with only fuui
deflles its southern nearly equally impracticable to an
invader, the Carnian Alps and the rivers Saave and Da-
nube.
"Ihe plains and hills on the west towards the Sly
ran Mountains are less capable Of defence, being more d
dapted 10 the action of large masses. Between Pres
OuTg and festh the rivers sometimes hurry IN rapid tor
rents, and sometimes stagnate in lakes and norasses.-
The internal communications by roads is very irregular
Some Hungarian counties have highways, which riva
English %surnpikes, while others are advanced little be
impervious in autumn and winter. An invading army
I uDae,u1Iutpi will, the MN aud puputnbpT,I uitI