Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1849-04-13
The North and she south,
A LECTURE. LELivEREU BEFORE THE 49, 49,
MEMS MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSoCiAi Wv
of CINCINNATI. ONO. JANUARY 10, 1919.

OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, JNNuahi ~ 49,
IctNcLuDED
II We turn to the otiicicl frpors o' I''ue !"
the great cites Of the Norm, we oeho!3 s'"'c
of society exhibited, al wnicn Inc "i'"a - appa"-
"a In R,son The number OF persons annua'y
arraigned for crime eacseGS iou' 'uoaso"T' ""U y
this lumber about anc-lhird are iemaes. >"
49,, ono n.,soa out OF eveiv fourteen macs, and
ono ON Of every twenty-egAl female, Is arrest
81 annually Tor criminal offences Tne'e may
be some VINO are arraisned more IMAM once q
wear, but, on the other hand, there must be many
wh escape detection altogether.
10 New York Inc proporuoE oi CRIME j. doou'
the same, some eighteen thousand peison
ing been arfesed there last year. " u.s.
said six thousand were Tor druhhehne wv"
thousaud were committed TO he lomos 'or x
$500 NJ whom zen thousand were commit
10, tor rial OF these there were sentenced "
~ So o,;son ll9 men and IL women-to the
pa,;,an,;arv 700 men AM l7o women-io me
civ Prison l63 men AM 81 ~omen-toai soi
80 osd women showing an amount oi CRIME
in q single cry greater than 10 all me sou'heih
SAFES together La the kentucky PrnIenI'aTy
,hsre is mol single womau--in the Virginia
believe there IS none.
The enormous amount Of crime in the Eastern
cities. which aiready rivals the depIaVuy Oh
,hose ri Europe, has been ascribed 10 The mul'i-
,,deof European emisrants. But the returns ~
M, snstaio his plea. OF 7009 persons IN the
;,;,s and houses OF correction 10 MassachuSetS
n ,a47 only l,l65 were natives oil ioteisn
countries This is less Than one-ioutlh Of lie
whole number. and cannot vary materially iro'i
,he nroponiuns Of Tue foreign and native poPula-
ton 10 The State.'
Willis, the South has been so much more Sc
cure than The North 10 life and properly tom m
dividual crime, il has been al least equaiS
exempt from social disturbance. Inc apptenen-
sio, of danger from The dissimilarlty OF Us
rb;,e and black population have rot been real.
i1pd The proportion of white and black remains
cat first. about two to one. Even 10 btazii
where This proportion is reversed, where there
are Two blacks 10 one white, tranquility has
reieped Tor a quarter OF ceLiury. Ana II IS ie-
markable that Brazil and The Uniled States, lne
only two nations on tins Comment, where Ain
can slavery prevails, are the only Two wnl'ii
have succeeded in the Establishment oil stable and
Harrisburg social and poiticGl institutions. Ii
ali the Spanish American States, where the al
temnt has been made 10 introduce political
eoualty among distinct and dis>imilar RACES, II
has been followed by incessant instruction,
anarchy, poverty, vice ana barbarism.
When the Unon between the North ami
South under our present Constitution VS.
formed, the social, political and economical oPe'
ration OF the institutions peculiar 10 edch, were
matters oi tnecry and conjecture. We have no"
had The experience of halt cen'ury and The re-
sult is before US in the TAGS have presented
fact, against which neither speculative phi oso
DIV. nor sectional prejudice, egotism o. ianaE'
cism cal prevail
1, will be observed do not compare The who'll
peop;e of the Noflh with The whole population 9
the South. | am now comparing the white
only OF both sections; il being he tirs! object L
ascertain the effects OF their respective instltu
lions on the whites oil the two sections =
do NOT compare Northern cities with South
ern-bul the white people, rnra and urban
together of one section with Hose OF The oiher.-
Ihaye referred more particularly 10 Norher
cities because they contain SO large, il not tn
largest. poi,lun oil Northern popula,ion-and ar
The boast and characteristic OF The Northern syS
TEN. have also preferred 10 compare the oil
STATES OF the sections not only because they al
similar in climate and productions, bat becaus
in them the effects ct The iwo systems ale NOR
developed, and, as has been contenoed, 10 IN
great disadvantage OF the South.
There is a class oil topics OF a more intangibl
nature, but not the less important anc which ar
much insisted 90 in this controversy, that nov
remain 10 be briefly considered. Ii is urged lha
religion and education are more prevalent an
Aourishins in The Norm Than in The South II
true that the torn Vi religion existing in NJ
England and by Law established, was e1uemel
strict and sei.denylns: as that oil Virginia
Eoi.copal-was then one Of the NOS induleel
of Protestant, sects. But il is we'll known III
the Puritan character has been rapidly cesen
rating and passing away. Indeed Inc forms
that lain are no longer domihsn, in Boston, Il
ancient seat Of lis power, and in their PLACE Il
Uuuarians have preyaie', and they are sainir
ground rapidly ID New England A change hi
d. CURED IN Virginia, tnl change in the OPP
site direction. Instead of The Episcopaians, Z
- saaes opersliep ri e .hr s one Of ;6- os, =
Taxed systems Of The Protes'anl faith. while vi
g,nia has advanced tom OF me most Gcu
gent 10 one oil the siricler forms Of religious ci
cipline. There are no means OF ascerainine Ii
number OF members in ALI The churches in he St
vera Safes. Virginia mas about so 900 81 Bal
lists alone, she has 80 900 ðotisls,s and
larger proportion yet Of EpiscOpaliaas than an
other Siae. Altogether she must have her fl
proportion.
But 1t is in education that the North claims III
great pre.eninence over the South. In Mass;
chuse Is, according TO the census Of 1910, hpr
were but Alas white persons above the az. ,
tWealy who Could not read ard write and in vi
ginia Their were So Isl. la Ohio there WEI
IS 36f, ia Kentucky 40 DIG, in Illinois 27 Sc;
10 Mississippi $3.50. Thus it appears, that viii
there are more .han twelve lines as many illl;,
rate persons in the ol 'esI Southern as in the I'D
est Northern Sta'e The proportion changes as W
advance Westward, until we find a greater pro
portion Of inem IN new Safe Of the Norm ina
in one ui the South. Aud thus i seems that Il
the new States, where nidren are not educate
al pubic expense, and wac,e, therefore, their pa
ren,s anus, provide for them, the children Of III
South are better educated; Or rather, perhaps
would SEEM that The emis ra;ion from the y, r
is much more ignorant than he Suuh Sill
however, the odds of school instruction are d.
cidediy win The Ncf;:i This results from oil
vious causes. The territorial area of Vir.igi;
Is probably nine times as great as that Of MaSsa
chusells Ii, therefore. Virginia were dispose.
10 adcpt the common school system, il wGuii IT,
Quire nine tunes in. school houses and teacher,
10 afori the same cunvenicnces for auenGin:
school hat exist in Massachusetts. Virginia !.
,nInly sstti"d agricultural Sale, in'crseCtcd ty
several ranges OF mountains In many places
there could NOT be found ten scholars in len nj e
SQUARE In SUCH places population might be
able 10 live comfortably, bu, not 20 establish :
school, or send their children abroad 10 boarding
schcols. Hence there must be consi,cfa NJ,
number without schools. In Commercial am
Manufacturing S;ales, or those OF small farms
and dense agricultural population, This evil Is no
SO much elL
But Virginia has a Sysem OF oral instruction
which compensales tor the wan If schools, and
that IS her social lbtetcuulSe. nr Suclal 1n'eT-
course of The South is probably mnch greater
than that Of any people ina, ever existed
There is certainly nothing like The number 81 vi
sits among the families Of CITY, or even The same
square IN a city, as prevails in The country al
tue South. And these visits are not fashionable
calls. blt last ior days ard weeks-a' 4 they are
the great resource OF The South Ter instruction
and amusement. IL is true hat persons are moi,
laugh, at such laces 10 read or write, but lhey
are taught To think an. converse. They are The
occasions OF in,erchansing opinions md diflus.
Ing ioreiligence; and 10 perform HI Our 6, 10
ujoy The pleasures oisuch intercourse, 10 please,
tshinc and 10 oapnvaie, reqnires degree OF
mental culture wh,ca n custom II he North 81
mucn denan!s. Accordingly he South EXHIBITS
The remarkable phenomenoa OF an agricultural
AZ. he'd ahnue all her O