The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-01-09

annual expectation Of breadstus for period of six wears
prior to the extraordinary period OF lsi647 when there
was famine 10 Ireland and scarcity in England aud over
The continent OF Europe In these six years the average
OF wheat and flour exported from the United States is
between SIX aud seven millions of bushels of wheat
reducing the barrels OF -four into bushels of wheat
while the surplus certainly twice as much as is
proved BY the extraordinary supplies furnished by
Europe with much facility during the period Of fam
me and scarcity WHICH have mentioned The surplus of
wheat grown IN canada for expectation, find stated,
the work to which have referred to have averaged,
during period OF four years, terminating in 1895,
about eight hundred thousand bushels Since that pc
ROD the population OF Canada has increased greatly
and emigration has gone chiefly 10 the wheat growing
part OF the colony Canada West 1t to be
iar to assume that they have annual surplus OF
two million bushels of wheat for expectation This
may be exported through our maritime cities, a
drawback OF the duty being allowed by recent legs
la'ure retaining only the small usual per centage But
this, the memoriasts say nconvenlent and cumbrous
But II must be manifest that the Inconvenience is
considerable II the object really be merely ship through
our ports, This measure will enable them TO sell for
consumption our northern seaboard, and this would
be decided benefit to them The st Lawrence is closed
half the year by ice, and when It's navigation is open the
cost OF transportation by that route Is much larger than
from the lakes through New York The same authority
which before quoted, states the cost of getting bushel
OF wheat from the Canada shore OF Lake Erie 10 England
to he about sixty-two and half cents
This, then, decided advantage, which the grain.
growers of the United States have over those OF Cana
da, and this we propose 10 give up without any solid
equivalent.
To what extent this measure will affect the price of
Hour and lnure the agrcuturss OF our Union will
venture to predict But | very that the
introduction of million of bushels OF wheat in
a market already oversocked, whether for consunp
ton exporation necessarily reduce the value
OF the article Besides, such legislation part,
will stimulate the production OF wheat in Canada, and
make that colony an increasingly formidable rival IN hs
respect. cannot consent therefore, 10 throw away the
advantages which nature and the ordinary legislation of
The country give AT all events, desire to what
the effect OF opening the ports OF Great Britain to trade IN
gram may have upon thus intercourse between the
countries: anu time nope tila legIS-
| laon will in nowise be changed.
The VICE PRESIDENT proceeded 10 put the ques
ton upon The first amendment reported from the Com
mitee Commerce.
! Mr. DIX expressed the hope that the amendment
(which was merely verbal onel would not be con-
Mr. MASON called for the reading OF the amendment
and ii was read
The question being then taken the amendment was re,
Mr. NILES This question, sir is very important
one. have devoted some attention 10 ii, as is per
haps known 10 the Senate entirely opposed 10
the principle of the bill principle which is to
govern the of this country in its commercial rea-
lions with foreign powers At the time, ! do moi
know but may for this bill My idea is this that
The commercial relations of the United States with any
foreign country matter OF contract and thai they are
best arranged when we get the best bargain. With
countries doubt the entire reciprocity principle
would be Tor interest, not only with regard TO
navgaon-aDd we have extended it TO almost all coun-
markets upon equal terms with the same powers, would
+. be beneficial 10 US. With Others would be rum
Gus; and every case must depend upon It's own
merits With regard TO this case, perhaps the re-
Iciprocty, principle would be beneficial to Us be-
cause excel them every way-in navigation COM
nerce, manufactures, and in every department OF
trade; and should be gamers by it, undoubtedly.
We started this principle with The republic of Colombia
in 1925, beeve-and doub, that wise treaty
blt in other treaties, | think II has been averse to our
nteress-io the manufacturing interest, and perhaps 10
other interests.
Now, SIR this bin proposes to place the products OF
Canada and the United States so far as the enumerated
fha pnttp
They have free and unresrained exchange; and
the citizens of that province to be treated by in
this respect precisely the same as though they were c
zens OF this coniederacy.
Now, lie, us look for the practical opera
ton OF this Why, SIR several articles are enumerated
and they articles in which both OF hoss countries
are depending in small degree upon the foreign
/ kes. They are articles in which the Canadas have a
surplus Tor foreign markets and upon the principle OF
exchange, therefore between the United States and Can
ada for the home consumpo this bill would have very
little influence either way. They will not want to buy
OF for they have surplus to send abroad. On the
other hand, shall not want 10 buy OF them, tor the
same reason. Why, it separating now Sir favoraby at
different times either to the province 10 If their
crop should fail, cond supply them, and II would be
favorable US; and the other hand, if crop
should fail. in 1885, this law would operate tayoraby
TO them; but ordinarily would have but very little effect
| on most articles enumerated there
! Perhaps in respect 10 timber IT would be different.
Their for supplying demand for timber
much greater than resources Tor supplying their de-
mand.
Il Then again. the other hand in all where you
have adopted the reciprocity principle, you are 10 look
and whether you get far reciprocity In fact well
as law and In principle; and this leads us 10 inquire
which is the better market which the more extensive
and valuable market? Now we all see that the narkei
of the United States is still the probably, which is
superior all respects to the market OF Canada think
in respect 10 the home consumption the reciprocity pn-
cipe would operate against us.
But then there another view oil the subject, which
think most important one; and that iss that those
several articles enumerated articles in which both
countries have surplus for the foreign market The
question Isl what effect this will have upon the course oil
trade in getting these articles into the foreign market
whether they may be brought into the United States and
then taken to marke; through the United States, or
whether produce may be taken into Canada, and
there find a market for foreign trade This appre-
bend, most important operation OF the bill because
as have already stated, these enumerated articles are
articles which both nations send TO a foreign market
Now what is the faei ] apprehend that advantage
for getting grain, -four wheat and perhaps all the artl
cles enumerated in that BILL superior to those pos
! sessed by the provinces.
We have passed a law the effect of which will be 10
give drawback upon goods carried through the United
States foreign ports As far as that concerned, this
is the better mode, they are carrying on very con-
! siderable foreign trade.
We'll, sir If this is SO, il the surplus produce OF Canada,
designed for foreign markets. takes its direction through
the United States, should receive considerable benefit
from IT various ways. The canals and railroads OF the
United States, in New York, will receive the benefit
We should have the shipping OF II. The carrying trade
connected with IT of value connected with the
whole subject, than the home interchange of products
and we avail ourselves of the important benefits of
this think the operation of the bill 10 this respect in
sending the products OF that country TO foreign markets
through the United States by railroads. canals ship
ping, and all various conveyances is most import
ant consideration.
If this idea correct and the price Of -four in New
! i. ,tasf Tho, .tf.r ~