The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-03-19

and intentions. The time is, we hope. entirely
past when the patronage and sympathy OF France
and England could by any possibility be extended
to the Italian revolutionary party aud, whatever
may have been the decisions at one time prevailing
On this question, we cannot suspect any minister
OF such perversltty and presumption as to support
the popular tyranny OF a MaZzlni or Prince OF
Csnuo. 1t fortunately happens that the questions
ofLombardy and Sicily, which were the two prln.
cipsl subjects originally attended to have been dis:
cursed by the Conference. are virtually settled
without the interPosition of that body The last
note of Prince Satrlano one to which Mr.. Temple
will be In no hurry to reply. The diplomastists Of
Brussels will not inquire what has become OF that
Kingdom OF Alta Italia, which the policy OF some
British statesmen was ready to make over to the
house of Savoy; nor Will 1t be necessary to ascer
tain the fate OF that crown OF independent Sicily,
which British steamer was allowed to convey last
July to younger branch OF the same favored race.
1t Is enough that such schemes are now disavowed
as proflgste and lmpractlcable by those who could
alone have lent them any countenance or given
them any consistency; but 1t Is a remarkable cir
cumsance that the only two governments OF Italy
which can at this time be recognized as lawful and
responsible powers, precisely those OF Austria
and the two Scies; which this very conference
conditions from the Belgian Areopagus. Lombardy
and the Neap0lltan d0minions are the only por-
lions OF Italy which can be said to have any eff
fclent government at all The King, of Sardinia,
nste ad OF stretching the domlnions OF his house to
the Adriatlc, is held up to execratoa In the rest
Of Italy by what is called the national party. But
the fate OF Charles Albert is still far better than
that of his fellow sOverelgns;-the misfOrtunes of
he Pope and of the Grand Duke of Tuscany are in
fnitely more signal and more grievous. The for
NAL deposition of these princes, which was effected
on the Sth and 9th OF February, is the consumma-
ton OF the Italian revolution, and memorable ex-
ample of the perhdy and mgratltude OF those who
have been the lnstlgators, and aspire to be the
sole chiefs OF the popular cause: When the mar
quis d'Azeglo published in l847 his celebrated
"Programme of the National Party in Italy," the
proposition on which he mainly insisted was, that
il the Italian princes wished to prevent their sub
jects from becoming revolutlonlsts, they must
themselves become moderate liberals. The advice
seemed wise, and on the pat OF men like Azeglio
and Baibosit was sincere. That counsel was fol-
lowed by the Pope, who earnestly applied himself
to correct the abuses of the pontfcal government,
which had fastened, like ivy on an oak, upon the
Roman government. He took an eminent layman
and experienced statesman to be his minister, who
fell under the dagger Of Roman assassin. leaving
his sovereign no resource but disguise aud flight.
That counsel was followed by the Grand Duke OF
Tuscany, who, though a>prince of the house of
Austria, possessed OF an unlimited power,
had, nevertheless, employed his entire reign, now
extending to no less than thlrty-twO years,
In the adoption of liberal and enlightened measues,
which still reflect the greatest honor on the me-
mory OF his minister, Fossombronl. Nevertheless,
ct the cali Of the peope, and under the menacing
aspect OF the times, this power, which had never
been used but for the best and noblest purposes,
was surrendered to a popular club in Florence, to
spring of universal anarchy. The unfortunate and
amiable sovereign, who had SUCCESSFULLY yielded
everything to the popular tyrants who surrounded
his palace consented at last, against the earnest
Yemonstrances Of the British minister, and even of
the Sandman envoy, to allow deputies to be sent
from Tuscany to the Constituent Assembly at
Rome, or, in other words, to place his crown and
his duchy under the paramount authority of Joseph
Mazznl and his desperate faction. That sacrifice
was, however, the last On the following day the
Grand Duke lett Florence, and has since retired
from his dominlons. He was immediately declar-
ed 10 be deposed by the circolo popoLare. The
mob rushed into the legislative chamber, and the
late ministers OF the sovereign, Montanelll and
Guerazzi, were the very men chosen to form a
provisional government In the place OF the prince
they had professed to serve At Rome, where the
Constituent Assembly has Just met, similar scenes
have occurred. The Minister Of the Interior de.
lvered speech, In which he lnsulted and traduced
the fugitive Pontiff. Charles Bonaparte, the op.
prebrium of the family whose name he bears,
raised the cry of the republic, and General Carl
baidl formally proposed that form OF government,
which was proclaimed on the next day by large
secutlon of the deep laid schemes of Mazzlni, the
subyerslon of the independent governments of
Italy was an essential preliminary TO the establish
ment OF that central revolutionary power OF which
Rome is TO be the seat and himself the head In
these local revolutions he has not taken an osten
sibe pat, but they have been directed by
general PLAN and they have thus far been success
full in those States which had military force able
to oppose popular demonstration. Sardinia Is now
placed between two dangers, OF which the hostile
forces of Radetzkl are much the less formidable,
the cabinet Of Turin having openly declared
against the unitarian and republican party In
Rome and Florence. Naples Is actively assailed
by the revolutionary party, and the existence OF
the government depends on the energy OF the king
and the efficiency OF his army. All the rest OF
Italy beyond the Austrian frontier is scene of
anarchy and hopeless confusion: Throughout
the melancholy annals OF that distracted coun-
try, in every age aad In every part OF the penia-
sula, domestic oppression and foreign occupa-
ton have alternately cursed the land. From the
same cause the same fate again awaits II. Under
no form of government has tyranny ever
existed fatal TO the interests OF Italy, or more
odious to the great bulk OF the community, Than
that Of the faction which rules at this moment in
Florence and in Rome. II is the triumph OF dar-
ing minortyol advocates and adventures, who have
embraced the extravaganza doctrines which the
better st nse and experience OF the French nation
have proscribed; and nothing is more characters
TIC OF the moral prostration OF the Italians than
their puerlle submission to party whose real
weakness and extravaganza are equally notorious.
This absence Of native power Tor vigorous fe-
s.tapce to the enemies of order and the destroyers
of society ITSELF is the real cause OF the teragn ln
yaslons Of Italy. No country can continue to exist
without a government; but IN Italy no government
has ever possessed adequate means OF selt-defence
without the direct or indirect support OF foreign
troops either mercenaries or allies. Sooner or
later, some such interference will again release
the Italian people from the domination and the
crimes OF their own revolutionary ieddeIs, VINO,
after hte OF exile, spent In secret societies aud
foreign consplracies, have returned to lnoculatc
their native land with the pestilent doctrines
against which In England and IN France the whole
force OF public opinion and OF law is strenuously
exerted. Ii 10 a matter of small consequence to
Europe how long this caamltous experiment Is to
last; but to Italy herself, every day adds fresh
cause of misery and ruin. Happily, tha moderate
character OF the present French government has
efiectuslly removed the suspicion Of any sympathy
with the excuses of the Italian revolution, and
there isDo dlssenson between the French republic
and the Austrian empire, ~n Italian affairs That
TACT has changed the character and object Of the
whole me dat on and we have no doubt that the
principal desire OF the powers represented AT Brus-
ses, will be to agree upon some combination TO
restore tranquility to Italy, and to establish the
unity Of III. Italian nation, not upon the ruins of
democratic revolution, but by the ntrod notion of
federal relations between the Italian severeigns,