davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
Horse Shoeing and FavrierV,

THE subscriber hogS leave 10 annouco 10 the pubic
that he has opened an establishment in Columbus
street, near the Catholic Church, where the bushes,
oihogSe Shorug and rrlry WI, be conducted ON the
most scientific principles. Il is generally admitted
tally Ignorant Of lis principles, thereby producing the
numerous cases OF conimcuonS and diseases Ut the
feet dm.y witnessed 1t really becomes the duty OF
every one who values good horse, so essential, 10
his profit as well as his pleasure to secure the Scri-
ccs ut good iurIer Tor so uSclu, an animal
fUi"cR y'HJS practical experience it's hopcl, will
rbyu" the subscriber To- follow correct system. cal
cu0irl 10 prevent Diseases consequent on nSNtuI
'uncyUG, aud when necessary, &, remedy the errors
OF the past /. TANNING.
Ottawa, Nov o. SIS Ii
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14


Tia New York Tribune has probably the best
corua Of corresnon,ler.s nc ony manor j., ,I, c,,
..l, .,
''' ''''' - t'"''' ''''' '''N" 'V'''''7 ''."'''
mass Oh matter that would make up some very
readable volumc' We have taken the liberty to
transfer some scrlrs Of tli, valuable cnrr,.nnpl.
.,,,,., g.. ,,,. ,.,,.,, ,i.,.,,.. c,.,;.....,,
''''7 "'"' Wa
i''''t'' Wa" "H" "e'h worth pcfH''hS
LONDON, Nov. l6.
y for Cana Ia, our Statesman are watching is
Annexation tendencies, a. displayed in that very
cogcnt manifesto ISSUING from Montreal, with ia.
tercst amt cageme-'. The first question the, ask
Is, What Is the use of CIuIlIi aud now does She
serve the National EX,hcqucri This is the qu.ry
that Political Economy, with It's difficult teaching
has put into our hands, and We intend to canvas,
% with great eumc,tness. It's grIyeiv cntertli-
ned so long a We thul; the Colony IA no dancer
of departing from US, AMI it enables US to tyit
her with beng an expensive, Guyuei>pmc, and
very yaiuyrss addition to the burden and troub
les otthe Brush Crown. But then Canada mrg
take u, at our word, AMI the bare though. Of tbs
ruu,es second question; Who will gam Cana la
when we loseit' and are We gong to be bu.licd
by or own Dependencies or by their Republican
u'l-hbor This rouse, a feeling very different
from, AMI iT hearucr than ever beat upon the
stony bosom Of ccouJml'm And predict that
unless some very unflreseen events occur at home
Cm1il viii not ~hihr oil the British yoke without
s'nEuInary struggle Ih' OH motives rule our
statesmen with unIlmni-hei force; the old in,en.
ton OF getting all and keeping all, which l'smony
the deepest sauSen pillars OF the heart ot men AMI
nations, Is A. hery IN the depths rs AZ any former
period; ami No thoughts issuing from lc igvr, and
counting houses would avail to STAY it now any
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

WHAT wni Mn CLAYTON Dol-Louis Napoleon,
in receiving Mr. Riycs, substantially said Air.
Mvcs after the mrturc elaboration Of several
weeks We have agreed to receive YOU. You are
quite welcome ;hut we would have YOU distinctly
touuderstand that ii Mr. Clayton represented any
any other thata republican government, we should
consider his in'utS as sufficient 10 Justify your re-
lection but our contempt Tor your secretary Of
state docs not diminish our respect for your coun.
try. We receive you as minister VI the United
states, not as The nsentofMr Clayton Walk in
AMI receive the salutotons of my iamilypl VIVA,
will Nr. C!ayi ton say tnihati There l. only one
course to pursue lie must demand Of Louis Ma.
polcon TO rerac his offensive language, or retort
back upon him in the reception ofM Bots r. Comtei
Mr. Clayton, by all neans, must upon giving tha
last kick--& Louis Rse;iie. g ,-s1
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

each one tearing off portion Of the leather bread,
worked into scoop or spcon, and dipping pei
mel into the pilau, made a voracious neal treat
ing their spoons as the Argonau's served their Ia
bles eating them for deserts with wash in the
Jordan, they were Immediately after ready for
sleep, and in bald an hour were motionless rs the
heaps Of baggage around them.--L yRehs Narrat,
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

Brick Row,
|incCnnrS. indiana,
'E'IilS company having bccn duly organized and
4 the capital stock properly secured ,arcnow PRE-
pared Ia receive application, lor insurance against
loss OF damage by tire, on buildings, merchandise,
machinery mills, manufacturers aud all dcscrp
tons oi property Also merchandise aud produce
IN the course OF inland transportation, and upon the
lives of individuals. Tn" rates of premium which
viii govern this Institution, will conform to the
ablished rates the eastern Offices All losses will
be literally and promptly adjusted, and paid.
Directors.
Robert N Carnan, VIM ] IiTse, VIM !. Heb
eri, Horace T.. Peck, Cyrus VI Allen o Vnccnnes.
Vincent 7 West Of Pike county, Ind,
Peter p Bailey Of Fort Wayne Ind
Thomas I, Benbridgc, Lafayette, Ind
Waller W. Early, Tcrre- IIoutc, Ind
David Wallace, Indianapolis, Ind.
Henry y Allis, Evansville, Ind.
Henry X. SchoolcrNf. Washington, d, C.
Zcphanah Plat, New York
r. y, Cnrnan, President.
$ b Whitney, Secy. n T. Ellrdre, Treasurer
Cyrus VI Allen and Samuel Judah, CouBsellrrs nj
Nncennes. THOS |. BOUGWrON
sept 2l-ly. iseni, Ottawa Illinois
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
Cabinet Furniture, G.
q 90 q Chairs and Mattresses. N

DETER RUSSELL cspccrmDycalls the attention
] This friends and the public to his present stock
Of plain and par.or furniture Feeling thnnktul Tor
the encouragement given him, he viii make every
cSerlon s,i,l to ment H. by keeping that style Of
work which wall be Of most ya.uc for the money,
and by selling AT the lowest possible rates
lie ms on hand, mud will continue, to receive from
St louisa variety Of Burcnu- cane and wood seat
Chair. cnne and wood scar Rockers, Sc; and will
continue 20 manufacture brisI"nds Of every style,
and all such work as can be- best mndr here
Moss Mattresses on hand anlmadr to- order stuff
e with \ No picked moss, and cheaper than
they can be bough, IN ST Louis or Chicago
Mos for sale, and al, kiuds uiworh madr 10 order
at his establishment on La Sale Street.
Ottawa. sept 81. 1919 -S-2m
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
Alosr TYr,N!cAl.

OF MI things; eyer knew,
From Old King Cole to Jolly King
Including him whose beard was blue.
The mO,tWmncal was SMJ- King.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
DIR. COOLING.

Office NORTH side of tto pu5ir squire Residence
corner Of In SIiic and Water streets
Being always devoted to his profession, hopes for o
share ct pIpLrplronlge. scpt22
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

mine, and some Others dil the same; but all we
could do TO revive him proved unnyailmy He was
determined ~ die, and we, to save our own lives
were obliged to have lin as our stool, Of water
was getting very short Ne had some ! 2 or .
miles TO travel before we came 10 the river. |
never shall forget The scene ei leaving that poor
man to die on the barren plain but that was mo-
thing to what followed The next day our wafer
was reduced to a few drops. At | | O'Clock the
sun was pouring down with uIheurl Of intensity,
and not a breath air stirring when another very
hne younGnan from New Hampshire, with whom
! had formed quite an attachment, for our short az
qnalntanre, and when We were within seven or
eight miles Of the river as near as We could Judge,
wlted right down under the sun and could 20 no
further. All was done that could be done to
arouse him to action, but without e!fcct gave
the poor fellow few drops Of water; and such Il
scene a. presented itself when we were about To
leave mn i nope never {" wi."-,- a.a'n. liz
drew me down TO the ground and kissing me sad,
20 God! can you leave me here to die alone z
told HIM to keep up courage, that we would 20
70 the rivor where there was tent and that We
would rlg up something TO carry him on, and
would be back IA soon ~ possible, 50 we bid hun
good BY and started Before we reached the ri
yer / ic.t myself as if | must surely fail but
knew If gave up atall il would be 10 die and
when such thoughts as hauitug came over me
would arouse as from Il sound sleep / never
experienced such feelings | think death from
heat and exhaustion would be an easy one. Be
fore we got 70 the river two more dropped but
the survivors could do nothing for them but were
Obliged 10 press forward towards the river in or.
der to save their own lives. We at a,t came IN
sight Of the long looked for river AMI such feelings
OF JOY as we experienced ! will not attomt to
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
p. Il. NEAGUER,

iHySitldH ana surgeon,
May be found ia l- Office back oi the telegraph ot
fi-r, IN OTTAWA, H. where reference can Doe seen 1s
TO skill and practice Jnli-lg
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
FLoRrXcr, Oct. 70, 1910.

FLORENCE Oct 10, 1919.
One thing is the result of the observation and
thought of the wScst and most luminous spccta.
tors of this Italian struggle. It is that the Church
ia the root of all the evil The bitter vindictiye
ness of the Priesthood is Incredible. Ihavc heard
more startling and frightml things said of it by
the lowest and most supcrstitous class of Italians
than the DR. ChccvcrcSt of opponents ever drea.
med a friend who lived through the Roman
struggle intimately related with Mnzzini and the
leaders, told me teat the Romans wished the
Priests dead, but did not want to kill them.--
Yes added another, the difference is there
The Priests do not hesitate MS the people do
they KILL In Florence person related to me
hat during the street sktrmiSh with the Leghom
troops he saw Priest retire from window op.
posite ms own, return with n gun, and shoot Il
man dead. But the Church is rs intimately min
glcd with the constitution Of society here, rs
slow, deadly pcrvasive poison with inc blood
Aud there Is the despair of Italy, An old, south
ern race, subject by nature and habit to such n
domination, will hardly ever throw it off The
magnificent, ThcrmopylcOn Struggle ut Rome
was the glorious exception. In the Carbonari his.
tory--in the Lombard WARM the success of Car.
10 Alberto, and the King of Naples, is the law of
Italian political strife But what Mazzn said of
himself when Rome fell shall be also the word of
Italian hope; us this the time to die T.
MARsEiLLEs Oct 25
In the ports of the Mediterranean sec some.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

NWI II TNII JVIIN TIV0N NUN
tarriagc ~ Wagon 5ia;,uiactOIy.
w PALMER returns thanks 10 III, public for
w the liberal patronage heretofore bestowed oU
HIM, ndhayng associated himself with ] G. GAY,
he would state that they are prepared to carry on the
Carriage and Wagon Making business,
IN all us various branches. Our stock OF lumber is
well seasoned, aud We are determined To make the
best work that Is made in the country. Two-horss
wagons kept constantly ON hand. Al who wishto
purchase are invited to call aud examine for them
selves before purchasing elsewhere. Shop ON the
corner Of Columbus and Jefferson streets Lumber
taken ia exchange tot work NM. PALMER,
OtHwa. TED II, ~ I GGtY
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
JCsucG Is CAtFoRMA-TAe following extract
/, from one of Bayard 1aylors ietters lated at
.troI,,p, C,u,,, NOM N,,,I...,, .4 Z,

Grahans Camp near Stockton, Sept &
witncs,cdye,terlay, while in the town, a sum
mary exhibition ot Ju-'ce. The night before, three
negroes, while ou drunken rcvei, entered the
tint Ola Chian, and attempted to violate f.
male who was within Defeated in their base d.
signs by her husband, via, WIS fortunately with.
W call, they fired their pistol, At the tent and left
Complaint was nNle before the Alctlie, two Of
the negroes seized and identified, wi uc-ses exam
med, u jury summoned aul verdict given with.
uut delay The principal offender WI, sentenced
TO receive fifty a-hg, AMI the other twenty
both to leave ia, place wi.hiu forty eight hours
under the pain Of death The sentence was i'm
me 4lI.ey carried mo execution The negroes
were stnyp. d. tied To q tree stan linz IN the mid
die oI ths principal tr,-r, aui in presence Of the
Acaldc AMI Sheriff received their pVnishm ut
There wa~ little Of tn. order aud respect shown
which should accompany even the administration
oiImprpmptu law. ln.Jy-tan Ter, elrtd. laulh.
eL AMI a,c'mpouicI every blow with coarse AMI
an!ea.ng remarks. Some Of the more intelligent
p-oi,s,ci thrn,e.ve- opposed to the mode Of pun
hmeut, bat IN til. absence of prisons ur effect.
lFe g1ul- coIl suggest no alternative, except
t.' st,rntr Oh. OF cap@ punishment,
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
G.. NJ. LEE, Dentist,
II. II. IIINNAN. NJ. u.
VIM. w. CAVARLY. NJ. u.

Physician md NUrgcon-PO NTif, livingston
toHWig. NiH0ts.
Offers pfo.c-sona. services to lHcc.'Iens oI Pn--
tawa and vicinity, and hopes by attention To bu.l-
ness, to merrl, n share oipub1c patronage. -J-5O
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
Dayton WOollen Factory,

DUJ VONR VOOfKNAA UCVUI "
THE above Factory will he carried on as usual tby
ID. GREEN, Notwithstanding the fatal epidemic
which has carried off three OF the Green family and
hope to receive ms heretofore liberal share oipulic
patronage Wcwould here tender our thanks to our
friends and patrons, md hope by strict attention and
liberal bargains dn the way OF exchanges to contin-
ue to merit your generous confidence.
Dayton, Ill April 10. 1919 J. & d GRrrv.
n. B--Thr FiouriRg NILS OF John Green will
be carried on ns heretofore hy ID o.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
wv V&GN NNE.NI&s
Office, "a Story North Ind Of ReoiiieEs Rriek
Block, East Side Of d.e Count House Square.
r-u1aG vH Sss .

Two DOLLARS per nnnum, II paid IN advance
Two DOLLARS Ann Fury CENTS il not paid within
the year.
Advertisements inserted nj 81 per square for the
iirs insertion and p cents for each subsequent rl-:r
ton A berul discount allowed 10 those who adyeT-
ti-c by the year
I.g- No paper discontinued all 0rrcnrnges are
paid unless AT the option oiihc publishers
Iry- Communications. tn insu'r attention, must al
ways be free OF postage aud accompanied with the
authors name
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
DR.. J. PEARSON.

Physician, Surgeon and Dentist OttalrG, H.,
Offers his professional services to the inhabtants oi
Ottawa and vicinity. Office n, his residence on
Columbus street
PS.-Dr +. still continues to perform operations
in all the various branches OF DeHiiSiry Charges
u correspond NTH he tunes, mar ~, ~
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
Business Goros.
New Lumber Yard.

THE Undersigned begs TO inform the public gene
rail- that he has for sale every vancty Of
Lumber, Shingles, and LQth.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

HAGpsurs IN CAuFonSrA-The following OK
ract from one Of Mr.. Taylors letter dated July
80, gives in few words full idea of some Of thc
seventies to which the gold hunter is subjected:
In coming here Muddy Creek we crossed ar
ard plain Of 30 milcs--no vegetation, M shade,
no water except what we carried with US and one
of the hottest days ever experienced; after tax
my on cach OF our backs 60 or 20 pounds, and
filling little key with water some 10 of Us star.
ted IN company The first day we made about
ID miles and then laid down to rest our exhausted
frames On the ground with but n single blanket
each for covering. The second day we Travelled
but miles in the morning and or d in the eve.
nlng' This day man by the name of Hunt, from
Massachusetts,, gave out and could 90 no further.
AS he was out Of water L., him wet his lips with
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
III. W. HOPKINS. NJ. D.,

PhVSiciqn agi Swgcop-Ottaru, n,
Offers his professional 10 the citizens Of OF.
tawi, md vicinity. Office between Phelps and
Walker II H.ckuuI stores, where he may be found
atall Times except when absent on professional bu-
siness. aug ~
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
GnAuAM's CANT, NEAR SrocwoN cuwoRyA

NHNHANs lANF, NEAR STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA, J
: pt Alb, 1919. {
Those who nre familiar with geology or by care.
fully noticing the character of the soil straits, d.
where gold already ioun have caucd its ml'.
cations, rarely tal in the selection Of new spots for
digging, Ito the crowd If those who deceived
in their cXiravagant hopes, di-hcar,Gncl by thp
severe labor necessary TO b, undergone. and bcref.
OF that active AMI observing ,prit which could not
fail TO bring success that cry ont with such bitter.
ness against the golden stories which first attract.
cd them to the country. have met with hunl.
reds OF such persons, many Of whom have return.
ed home disgu,ttl forever with California They
compare the dicrings TO lottery, In viii h peoulp
grow ri,h only 10y accident or ll.k. There i, no
such thing "a accident in Nature, and in proportion
a. men understand her, the more uncrring is thair
search after her treasures There i, more gold in
California thlu ever was sail or imagined, Ages
will not exhaust the supply T-ou the little that
have already seen, am convinced that the e..
bled Cibro Of Columbus splendid as It seemed to
his eager Imagination, is more than rellilcn here
In returning from the Mokalurr, we made a
short detour to the Double Spring. u fine rancho
owned by Mr.. Van Buren, Of Albany By travel.
mg part of the night we reached Mr. Raney's ran.
che on the Calaveras early next morning At thi,
place sad spectacle, which hope has few coun.
terplrts in the country, attracted our notice 1t
was that OF n man, lying on the river bank, wasted
by disease, and evidently rear his end lie was
a member of company from Massachusetts,
which had passed that way three weeks before
not only refusing to take him further butahsolute
ly carrying with them his share Of The stores they
had brought from home. This, at least, is the st6
ry told me ON tn spot The man had lain there
from day to day without medical aid, and Deepen
dcd on such attention as the inmates Of the tent
were able to afford him, Dr. Gillctt, who wa.
with Us, left some medicines with him, but hadnc
hopes OF ms recovery BAYARD TAYLOR,
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

boots aud Shoes.
0OO PAlR mems boys md youths calf kip. and
@OV and coarse boots,
500 pnr morocco, kid call, md seal Shoes,
500 Boys and girls shoes.
A general assortment OF CATERS and huslins. at
prices 10 suit the times. l., 7. SAgYLR & Co
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
Domestic Goods,
Boots mud Shoes,

IN BALES Sheeting odo, bo,,s 3do drilling
do Cotton Sacking Just received and iorsae
At the lowest price II. SANGER & Co.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
OTTAWA. ILL. FRIDAY, DECEMBER H. 1919 yo

thing always to make me exclaim, America forev-
or, This morning had no sooner reached the
wharf than heard breaking forth from a neigh
boring alley the following velLknown strains
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
Ottawa Business pircrtorn.

Champlin y Wallace, J { Chnmp.ln-W II
l. Wallace lttarpsgs aHd CouuScliorsm LaH.
Office up stairs IN the utAt building moth OF the
Post Office nov %, "
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
PAINTS. OILS. AND GLASS,
'riagc ~ wagon Mandatory,

al reduced price.
Cana st., west OF the Public square, Ouawn, Ills.
Aug2i, 1919 Join UOSSACk
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

s. w. RANDALL,
HENRY G.. COTTON,

attorney at Lor-Oarcso, hcuGaii Co.. Ills
Aug 10. lSiS--u
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14
\. ]. Smith,

GO Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Paints,
oils, Dye SUITS, Sc. Sc.
Newark, Kendall County Illinois
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1849-12-14

MARsriLLEs Oct 25.
In the ports of the Mediterranean see some
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-07-31
.Le.ve me, O leave me to Repo.e. ;,

We are called upon by the Opposition
press to ignore all the topics of complaint
against the late administration, because
its members have gone into "private life. :"
1t is violation of the rules of propriety to
disturb the repose of Nprivate life" When
the Locofoco press abuse the old Federal
lists, and we put in word or two to pro-
tect Mr.. BUCHANAN from their assaults, it
is an invasion of the retirement Of that old
Federalist. When we say that Mr.. Sec
rotary MASON ought to have consulted a
better jurist than Commodore PEpRY, be-
fore he violated our neutrality laws, we
are met by the same objection. DENBY's
defalcation is tabooed, because Mr.. MASON
is now enjoying rest from his official
labors among the "ehte" of the distinguish
ed Richmond Democrats--as the Union
calls them. So with Mr.. WALKER. The
sole organ of the Democracy comes up to
Mr.. WALKERS rescue. 1t cannot divine
worthy motive for "dragging" that gen.
tleman from "quiet and retirement which
he is now seeking to enjoy after career
unsurpassed in its labors and successes.
"It is entirely uncalled for"-adds the
sole organ--"because Mr.. WALKERS alb
sorbing devotion of mind and time, during
the past four years, to the great interests
of the country, has prevented him from
meddling in party politics, even had he
desired it."
Is il really true that Mr.. WALKER has
not "meddled in party politicsp Then is
he much belied. We were under the i'm
preston that he was the very head and
front of all the party movements of the
late ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS master spirit of
the machine. Certainly he never lost
chance to provide for political friend
The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-07-31

The Royal Library of Copenhagen contains 1884,
900 Volumes and % 900 manuscripts, while that at
Stockholm, founded by Gustaf vasa, contains
10000 volumes. There are also in other parts of
Denmark, and Norway, and Sweden, immense
collections, Of which no computation has been
made. The Bibiioiheque du Roi, at Paris, contains
100000 printed books, and 100000 manuscripts
not counting duplicates, and receives an increase of
$4,000 volumes annually. This library is open to
the public, male and female, without any limitation
other than strict surveillance of a special police
In the United States the improvement of Libraries
during the last twenty years has been immense
When Washington Irving wrote his History of
the Life and Voyages of Columbus, the material
could not be had in America. There are now sew
era libraries containing all he would desir There
is yet much mperfectness in our collections, so
much no that 1t is probable that even now the cla-
hons of Gibbons great History could not be veri-
ned on this continent. The library Of Harvard
now contains 10000 volumes, and is well selected,
and the foundations for immense collections have
been laid by more than one of the universities of
the United States, and especially by those under
the control of the Roman Catholic church