davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

m Masonic Obsequles.-In obedience the order OF
b. b. Freach, M w. Grand Master of the c. L. D. c. a
special communication of Fedora, Lodge No l will be held
at Masonic Hall this Tuesday, afternoon 81 O'clock for
the purpose of nterng with rites the remains OF
,oounng brother, VIM s. CoopkY of the Cherokee
nation
All brethren in good standing who are DESTROYS of render
ing due respect the memory Of worthy BROTHER are
fraterpny and respectfully invited.
BY order of the T. w NJ.
ApH G.. A. SCHWARZMAN, Sec.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

much larger than those found where are going to
row. He states that they very rich and the average
per day from eight to ten dollars They open to
ALL 1t being only necessary to obtain passports from the
governor After our first trial we shall probably go there
II being about seventy miles from here. W. NJ W.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

DIED,
Early yesterday morning. in this city, Mr. WIN CooDEy
and favorably
citizens Of Warrington able
fu representative of the Cherokee people
will take place this Tussday) afternoon at half
o'clock his late lodgings, at Mr. sHAeKsvonD opposite
Wiliard's Hotel
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

Letters 10 the New York papers mention the safe arrival
OF Mrs Fremont at Panama, on the 9th utmo, her
way to California
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17
Correspondence of the Exprem.l
pANAMA March IT 1e

:,
The Oregon left here on the 18th ult with about 226
passengers; the British ship Coooney will sail Sun
The brig Felix was 10 have sailed to- day. but as she
quite small and crowded with passengers there has been
an emeue among them, and she is delayed Colonel
v ayd pong O n e b
Orion is expected hsurly-aI her tickets having been
sold several days ago There about 500 passengers
the isthmus, and it is difficult say when there will
be less Tickets in the Oregon sold Tor $500 premium
Persons returning to the United States almost every
day Panama is considered healthy. Twopersons have
rison.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17
O. II. PAWrRIDOE, M. D.,
No. 1876 Spruce street Ph,Iadel

No. 1875 Spruce street, Philadelphia,
oNTlNUES TO give his particular attention the
~ ment OF diseases oil the skin, scrofua and diseases OF
the throat
ohco hours: Dam. p. m, and p. m.
APP l0-3mif+
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17
From Texas aud Mexico.

GALVESTON, Texas March 81, ls49.
God has spared me thus far, but since left have
dergone the greatest trials had in my life have
my friends fall around like grass when the no.
sun shines upon it.
We left Fort Brown in the steamer Corvette for Ca
MARCO; thence we arrived at Clay Daviss rancho, in
three days sailing. and encamped at the village of Mexi-
co, three miles from Camargo After had been in
camp about two days, the cholera broke out amongst u.s.
and we buried one man the 18th and another the
10th 1t was sorre wfu day for u.s. | buried my two
friends from Harlem, s. s. Liscomb and II. j. Boden
What sorrOwful sight to ones friend struck from
his side after less than ten hours sickness That night
we left the camp, and went on to Clay Davss to sleep,
where we were robbed of all money, over Sl2 900.
Our colonel started of when three of the taken
down with the cholera, and took two with him,
of them the doctor.
Half hour after the Colonel left steamboat arrived
and Mr.. Audubon chartered her, and took all the
but twenty who ordered to stay and take of
the SICK Out OF that twenty buried You must
think it frightened to stout healthy like Lis
comb and Boden go down to their graves at ten hours
ce. Col has been pleased TO spare and my brother
thus far for which feel supremely thankful but
knows when his time may come Mr.. Audubon advised
those that had money to 60 home again. This advice
we accordingly followed, and some seventeen OF us
y about twenty five miles above they lost two
men, and expected all of them to die every minute, for
the majority OF them sick, and God only knows
how many of them are now beneath the sod. | expect
to hear that half OF them are gone to meet their God
don't know what we shall do for money, for Audi
bon had IT all to keep, and il was all stolen.
The reason am at Galveston Is, the steamer Globe
put in here for water and COAL and the captain when
were on shore taking walk, went of and left to the
mercy OF strangers. leave the 30th for New Or
leans, and if get there safe, will write you again
Yours truly, JOHN BRADY.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

NEW Navy Register IsAe, and Army Register
~ for l8%9 Just issued, for sale in Warrington by
TAYLOR MAURY,
Apll Booksellers, near 9th street
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

r IFIc Of Benjamin franklin, by Rev. II. Hastings
IL We'd, with numerous designs, byJ. G. Chapman.
vol. s vo.
Mard and voyage hither by Herman Melville, vols.
Memoirs Of my Youth, by A. Do Lamartino, price -
cents.
Just published and for sale by
ApH FRANCK TAYLOR.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17
II. ,. MORsELL,

,. MORSELL,
AffornsVaf-LnN,
Respectfully tenders his professional services the public
Office on ~ street, near the City Hall.
Ap r-eod3t
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

JNRENCH Fooiscap WritimE-papsr. white and bluev
l. French and paper all Sizes white and blue;
manufactured expressly for metallic pens, In tho Of
which will be found much superior either tho English
ApH FkANCK TAYLOR.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17

r AMARTINE's work, "Msmoars NY Yosth,''
IL price rs cents
"Mardi. and Voyage Thithsr," by the author of
''Tvpes" and "Omoo."
Illustrated Life of franklin, complete in volume.
Just received, at TAYLOR & MAURY'S
ApH Bookstore, near 9th 1t.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-04-17
ID. PAINE q CO., Managers.

Gu-l, $50. dollars is tho lowest thrse-nu
60 LIST and I'd drawn numbers 1000
80 Ri and 4th do 76O
l2O 9Th and 9th or 7th and 9th do. 800
l20 9th and 10th or llth and 18th do. 40
l2O 18th and 18th or 18th and 18th
drawn numbers 300
$500 any two numbers ZW
26, $50 any one number lW
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03

James Hiseins for hauling dirt from Main
IT,, 81, both Of which were allowed and
orders given.
Clerk instructed to issue ordc rs to Ma y.
or and Treasurer for balaDces duo them.
Mr.. Scott moved THAT the iudgmen, on
the Mayors docket ngains, Jesse Meek. for
fines imposed by the Mayor, DO RENTED. -
Appropriateness. ConIey. Ho~eIis and
Hutton, voting in tho negative.
The select committee. appointed to pur-
chase ''fire-crackers," reported that they
had succeeded in buying 20 tho amount of
81, 80; said sum was raised by private
cont buttons.
The Clerk was instructed to deliver 10
the Collector III. +. Payne) his Bond.
Ga motion Of Mr.. Hutton, tho Council
sine die.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
T.u,,ort.,t to conservatives.

Strange. That so many who are afflicted with
COUGH that is gradually wearing them down,
and slowly, but surely stealing them into that
dreadful disease, Consunption-lhat disease
which, carries OIL thousands daily, are doing notiI
ing, VIVA, is worse than nothing, gorging the m
selves with nostranis, that pulled 10 the skies
for cures they said to have effected on some
foreign unknown persons, when they can
be positively cured by using DR. ROGERS
COMPOUND SYRUP OF Ll.ERW ORT AND
TAR, which still continues % effect the most
Wonde jul Cufes ever recorded in the annals of
rnediciue A fact which is proved by reference
the vast number of certificates from the first
and most respectable citizens. such as-Dr. Wm.
J. Richards, Judge " III. Burke, the Wife of the
Rev. O.. w. Maley, DIR. Hiram Cox. late Profess
in Eclectic Medical College OF Cincinnati,
and others OF that city Certificates not only of
remark able cures of distressing Cough, but Con-
sumption actually cured, after the Physicians Of
the highest standing had given them up TO oef
Ii men of such high standing will cLL0 for the
yredt virtues of this medicine, We cannot bat in
fer that it is at least all that it IS represented TO
be. Read the advertisement OF Dr.. Rogers in
another column.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
Wistar,s aalsar, of Wild Cberrx

Ischiefy composed Of Extracts from the MOSS
Of ICELAND, and from the PINE and WILD
CHERRY Of our own la,tituoe. The great Sc
cret Of its efficacy consists in the method by
which these extracts are prepared. Such in fact
is the nature and simplicity OF this medicine SO
powe rful in action, yet 50 mild. safe and pleas
ant in its operation, that it might be justly term
ed, Natures own prescription - and although
4 few years have elapsed since it was first mad Q
public, we can proudly say it has acquired ce-
lebrity unprecedented By any medicine in use.
and is evidently destined to become the most
popular and valuable medicine discovered.
{rESee acvertise.f If.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03

Oar readers will take notice that all medicine
Pufis, like the following, not cditoriaI-the y
are inserted as advertise uts, and are written
by the inventor Of the uostrun. If we DONE
know any thing about article, we can't lend
sell ourselves to pgf it--fact.
When asked by readers why We
constantly, week after week, ailuding to
Nanghn's Veg. Lithantrpitic Mixture have
only 10 th.t with all due allowance TO the
merits of other articles Of the kind we must
say we have been astOaishad at the success OF
this Great American Remedy. In all the
complaints which belong TO the human family.
1t acts as a curative power Of most magical char
acter-ihis we know IT'S true that We are
paid for this notice-tor the proprietor of the
Iithpntripiic, DR.. Vaughn, aayertses largely
" It'll US, but reader paid to fals!fy,
and beg OF you TO examine his book the
Agents hands and also the Agents themselves if
his Remedy is not some thing Of great value
See columns
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03

Making the amount expended, $,,o9a 90
There 10 about zoos in judgments IN favor OF
tho city. and delinquent taxes. which your COM
mittee think can be nade available, which will
reduce the present debt to $i,ls0 SO; to meet
which there other means than taxation
All Of which is respectfully submitted.
A. +. SCOTT, CAN.
Richmond, Dec. %, 1913
Tho select committee on Lots in Rurv;no
Ground, reported that no Ordinance coul5
be found authorizing tho sale of said lots
and offered the following resolution:
''Resoired, That tho Committee on
Public Buildings. BE- authorized to repor,
an Ordinances providing for the sale Of 50 i'd
lots, and tho appointment Of some person
TO give certificates for the same"
The repor, was accepted and tho rcso.
luton laid on the table.
Mr.. O'Harra presented his bill for bal.
anco Of SALARY ~ Marshal, amounting n
81. 1874, which was allowed and tho Clerk
instructed to issue an order in his favor
deducting IS for auction license.
Accounts W. City were presented by
VIM. kenworihy for stone, s5.72, and BY
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
We presume that Lieut.. Lynch will give

We presume that Lieut.. Lynch will give
the public a narrative of his expedition -
The Dead Sea has been for many ages an
object Of great curiosity; and we doubt
not that it has been well explored by this
expedition. with the view to the ascertain
ing. if possible, its origin--'he properties
OF its water. &c. &c. 1t is probable that
the narrative will be in the shape of re-
port to the Secretary of the Navy, and
that it will be published by order Of Con-
gress in the first instance; with appropri-
ate drawings
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
PEN N AN HIP,

This polite branch Of education is under thu
supervision Of Yankee Writing Master. whose
specimens Of Penmanship hrve drawn from tho
Press, in this as well most other cities in tho
Union, such high enooMiums. I-Flease call
and see specimens.
Hours of instruction for Gentlemen nj l0i a.
m. and in the evening. Ladics Glasses meet
al aud p. M. precisely, Cup stairs>
TERMS..-For II lessons 81 so; for 80 less
ons in plain writing, $500. CrJ- Ornamental ~
per agreement. Pavmsnt to be made between
the LIST and 9th lesson. h-TStationary gratis.
Dayton, Nov. LIST. lsiS. Is.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
pGEsLaC SALE.

~ ILL be sold at public auction. the
v premises of the subscriber, situated
three miles southeast Of Richmond, on WeCups-
day the third of January next, the following
property, to-wi.: one two horse carriage and
harness, one separator thresing machine, hor
ses, cattle, stock hogs. oats in the sheaf, farm
ing utensils, household and kitchen furniture,
and various other articles too tedious to MENTION
Sale to commence at 10 O'Clock said day,
when terms W i'll be- made known and due a item
dance given by THOMAS EDWARDS.
Dec. 20, IS4S. 52-tsa
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
VOE'3GE.

ME undersigned would inform the Public
! that he has taken the entire stock of the
late firia of 4. c. BIanchai & Co. and that he
will continue the business at the old stand No
% Main Street Where he will sell a; reduced
rates. from former low prices, his stock Of Dry
Goods c. Groceries, Boots Shoes and Hard are.
Thaukf full to his friends and former customers
for past favours, he would solicit a continuance
of their patronage.
WILLIAM BLANCHARD.
Richmond, Dec. Goth, 1913. 52-3t.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
Dov-B--ns usaY~lar
BOOK X E EPING

~ Il. BARNABY'.s w,i,rs Rooms and
- Mercantile Institute. Nc. 5. Third street.
opposite the New Court House, Dayton Ohio.
Mr.. Il respectfully invites ihe attention Of
| those interested, to his course Of instruction n
| Book Keeping, which embraces entries in
| Wholesale and Retail, Shipping. Commission.
Stcamboaiing. Exchange, Banking and Conpa-
ny Specializing business; both With aud without
| partners.
Pupils VI no take full course o. lessons. viii
open, conduct aud close from Twelve 10 hitsen
distinct and complete scis Of books By tho
frequent Leo ger Blessings aud Balance Sheet eA-
| hibits, which they make. no; only Of Prospect
| Gus but Of Adverse operations, the best Of nen-
tai disc pine for business is secured.
| Gentlemen who industrious and a'ieati-e.
can he fully prepared Cor the Counting Room in
from TO 8 weeks time and vii! be aide 10 give
what is strictly necessary lucid and CONF
! mon sense reason for every entry they make
In short Tie course Of Instruction By 5. Il. n.
is the taught at Mcssrs. Crate nden's
Commercial institute Mt Ph.ladeph viz: 10
place in the hands of the student the key Which,
uniocks the mysteries connected with the SCI
enc- OF Accounts and enable him readily TO
comprehe nd transactions Of the most intricate
character.
Instruction, Individual aud not in clnsscs
TER MS.-for full course by Double Entry
S25; Partial Course, SIS: Full course Single
Entry, $500 invariably one halfin advance.
business Hoars--Af,cr the LIST Of September
from 10 20 IL O'Clock a. m.---2 10 ~ p. M and
: to % at night.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
MANSION HOUSE,
RICHMOND, Ind.

NHIS House formerly known the ssTem
perance Hail." ana recently occupied by
William Nixon, has lately been refitted up in a
superior style. with the design of making it one
OF the most comfortable resting places for the
weary traveller. in the western country.
The subscriber, also takes great pleasure in
informing his old ends ana the travelling COM
nunIty generally, that his TABLE shall be, (as
heretofore, while occupying the Richmond Hotel
supplied with the choicest viauds the country
affords.
His STABLE is large and convenient. and is
attended by the very best of Ostlers, and suppl
ed with the best of Provender.
He feels conide mt that the pains that shall be
taken to make those who may soJourn with him,
comfortable, and sat Home,'' will warrant him
IN asking share of public patronage BOARD
Frs taken by the Gay or week on the most IA
vorable terms K BROOKINS.
Richmond. Feb 9, ls47. 52-'45. If.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
FOR SALE Or EXCHANGES,

II WILL sell or exchange for property in
4 Richmond or immediate neighborhood. "a farm
containing 100 acres, lying on the Wabash riv.
er miles above Delphi, Carroll Co., Indiana.
1t is the very best of bottom land. there are 40
acres cleared. with house, barn, and other
necessary buildings. The Wabash and Erie Ca
nal runs through the land. Title indisputab,e
Enquire at the Drug Store of
JOS. HOWELLS, No, Is main street.
November Is, lc4S. i1-tf;
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03

HlcHAONDs 1IoC. SoSos 1890
Council met-ali present bot Messrs'
yeasssea and Meek. Minutes sesd and
spPsovsd.
iscommi,so on Streets, and ii,e City Troa
1srss submitted their Esporas-ssssrrcd TO
- Committee OF Ways and Means.
Tho select committee. appointed at last
meeting. to prepare petition to legislature
. amend Chart,r, reported ono asking
that tho city authorities be empowered to
mas, law compelling the grading. curb
ING. and paving Of sido- walks, and tho gra-
ding and paving Of sido-gussers. at the ex'
..oss Of tho owners Of property adjoining.
= Tho rcpor, was accepted. AMI the Clork
instructed to procure signatures Of Mayor
aud Councilmcn to tho Same. and forward
il to our Representatives.
Committee on Lots in Burying Ground
reported progrcss-askcd and obtained
leavo 10 be continued.
Clerk instructed to issue orders 10 the
Councilman for mo. salary, dcducling
fines.
Tho "fro cracker" resolutions were
puLiished lost week.
.s Accounts VS. City were presented by +.
Bsogencanp. Si.l2a; Il. Busan, Sl,l24;
G. VashaI, 81; II. Rengcr, 37s; II. Wa
lao, 34-nl! for s',ovelIing dir, on Main
u. Benj. Padcn. 50, hauling dirt from
Main 81. Jas. Higgins, 81, hauling stone
Tor CuIvcrt. y. Morrison, soc, repairing
bridge across Walnut st. All Of which
woso allowed, and instructions giycn for
orders to DO issued.
Adjourned to Thursday night.
Dec. 2S.-Ail presen. except Mr.. Pc.
tcsson, who was excused for absence at
tho last three meetings and The present, on
account Of sickness.
The Committee Of Ways and Means.
submitted tho following report. which was
accepted and ordered to DO published, viz:
ITO the Mayor and Common Council!
GcNr. The Committee Of Ways and Means.
70 whom was referred tho reports of the City
Collector, Treasurer and Trustees Of Public
Buildings, have examined the same care fully and
belisve them to Jc correct. Your committee in
accordance with established usage would also re-
specifically ask leave to submit the following
statemen Of the financial operations OF the City
for tho current year and her present condition, I
to.wit:
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
EeISSsss.EJEICT.

The Co-partnership heretofore existing between
the subscribers, under the name OF y. Z. Dian-
chard j. Co., was dissolved on the 9Th inst. by
mutual consent. The Books of the firm will be
k ept, for the present, at their late place of bu
siness, where those having unsettled accounts
are requested to call and make settlement.
A. c. BLANCHARD,
WILLIAM BLANCHARD.
Richmond, Dec 20th, l>1S. J2-3t.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
IMPORTANT TO TEE;
INTEREST OF TIE COUNTRY.

Vk|H AT ettements should frequently be made
y while life is spared, and memory serves:
and now that another year has Just closed, we
would invite all those who Lave unsettled ac-
counts or notes due, to come forward and extend
that aid 'hout which no business be carried
on successfully. and we Will be greatly benefit
ed and obliged by receiving our dues, and the re-
by enabling to pay
We still continue at the old stand, No. 70.
o. Posite the Bran oh Bank, where it will afford
us pleasure 10 show and dispose Of our Goods on
the most reasonable terms
HAINES 81 FARQUIAR.
Now Years day. 1915.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03

CTTho las. Now Castle Courier. and
a correspondent # that paper. sugges, Il G
senior editor of this paper as candidate
for Congress in this District.
MAgRIEp,-By J. NJ. Poe, ESQ, dec. 3lst,
1857 Mr.. Jasper Smi,hmir. to Miss Ruth Ann
Jarvis; both Of this vicinity.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
COUNTRY PRODUCE.
HENRY DICKINS
TAILOR ~ yy0OLE.E.N DlsAPEss,

LATE OF SHEFFIELD. ENGLAND. At WHICH
Pi.aCE AID IL LONDON he HAS HAD
TWENTY YEARS EXPERIENCE.
n AtlNt removed to Richmond, IA. and
Il commenced business, IT his residence at
the termination CT North ] ront and Marion
streets, opposite Jesse lden's, respectfully in
forsns his friends anu the public, tina, he is now
prepared to execute orders IN his ine in the best
style of fl and workmanship. by which he hopes
TO merit approval aud therefore solici,s u share
of their patronage.
ii. ID. will keep on hand q carefully selected
small stock of snpertine aud niudlinr qualify of
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, IA [i.e. Ind.]) 1839-1854, 1849-01-03
Oct. l2. 1913.
To Publishers, Book sellcvs, and
the Public.

ksAC Rs1Ok2G.
INHE Subscriber has completed with the aid
,ants, a BUSINESS MINIS ALMANAC for
$40, which he is confident will CONNIE nd itself
to the decided favor of the Trade and the Pub
lie.
Although bearing the humble designation Of
Almanac, it is believed that this work will be
found equal in usefulness and merit 10 many
which assume much loftier distinction. 1t has
been prepared with a determination TO bring
within the smallest compass all the various facts
which man of business will have occasion to
refer TO in the course of the year; such the
condensed Statistics of National industry,
in its various departments of Agriculture, Man
ufactures, Mining, Commerce, &c, &c.-its
channels and means of Transportation-Rail-
roads. Canals, principal lines Of Steamboat and
River communication-Tabl Of Duties, I'm
ports, Exports, Revenue, Expenditures, &c. &c.
To these is AIDED large amount OF Information
with regard to the most improved modes of
commencing. transactlng and extending Busi-
ness: the means of insuring success in Coa,-
mercial undertakings: the relative advantages Of
Cash and Credit dealings; the power and iniu-
ence of the Newspaper Press, Systematic Ad-
vertislns; Rules for Business men, &C., &c
Tie Business Mans Almanac is compressed
wi.hin "a double column pages. of fine but new
and fair type, though continuing more matter
than an ordinary l2rno. volume of 800 pages.
1t will be supplied to the Trade at 81 per hum
bred, or 500 per thousand. Single copies. l2{
cents. Terms. cash on delivery. Orders are
respectfully solicited by
Y. b. PALMER. General Newspaper Agency
Tribune Buildings. Netr York.
Noe. %, 1913. 4S-tf.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
The tariff. money ana exchanges, the coal
trade, inland commerce, the post office, the pat
ent laws, Fights and measures, finance. part
nership. the iron trade, rail roads, population,
immigration, rules for business men, wages and
hours of labor, tonnage and shipping, mechan-
cal inventions. lake and river navigation, routes
and distances, the electric telegraph, the news
paper press. systematic advertising.