Burlington hawk-eye. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa) 1845-185?, 1849-02-01
The Origin and History Of Asiatic Cholera,

| BY A. D. cHALoNER,
Cholera, according to the best accounts,
existed in India occasionally, and in dis
tricts OF limited extent, for long period
before it became extended over Asia and
Europe.
Dr. Paisley mentions it being in Ma
dras in l775. In l77e, it destroyed at
Hurdward during the annual festival,
10000 persons; and in 1871 attacked, in IA
malignant form, division Of Bengal troops
statione at CANAAN.
The Madras reports state that it ragged
at Arcot in 1887.
From accounts it seems to have appear
ed twice previously; the great outbreak at
Jessore in Aug, 1917, a town sixty miles
from Calcutta, in Hindos,an.
From this point, the Cholera spread
rapidly in every direction over the pro-
vinces Of Bengal, and in Sept. reached
Calcutta. 1t followed the course of the
Gauges and its tributaries, and Nov. at
tackled the English army on the banks of
the Sinde, one of the tributaries of the
Jumna, in the heart of India.
1t continued its march from east to west
across the peninsula, of India: and in the
spring of 1918, from north to south, along
the coast of Coromandel and in Oct. 1918,
it appeared in Madras, and by the close
of this year was diffused over all India.-
Early in 1919, it invaded Ceylon, and in
Nov. of the same year, the Mauritus.-
In the same year it entered the Kingdom
of Arracan, and passed into Siam, Malac-
ca, and the Island of Sumatra. In 1920,
it appeared in Canton, Borneo and Manil-
la. In 1923, it ravaged the spice islands
(Moluccas) and the cities of Nankin and
Pekin, and subsequently entered Chinese
Tartary, and the high latitudes Of Eastern
Asia.
This disease did not advance westward
of the peninsula Of India: and until 1921
when it prevailed at Bombay--in June at
Muscat, and at Bender Abouchic. 1t then
followed the Arabian shore of the Persian
Gulf,reaching Bassorah in August;spread-
ing through Mesopotamia, it appeared at
Bagdaa, extending to the desert between
Syria and Mesopo,amia. Under the in
fluence Of col! it did not appear until the
Spring Of 1922, between the Tigris and
Euphrates; again moved towards Assyria
and then broke out at AIeppo. Here it
again yielded in the winter. In the Spring
OF 1923, it revived, and in the Summer
reached the Syrian towns along the Medi-
terranean. While it was moving along
the coast of Arabia in 1921. it penetrated
Persia, reaching lspahan, its capital
Winter again delayed it-again in the
Spring, it appeared in the centre of Per-
STA and the northern provinces. In 1923,
it reached the Caspian and the town of
Astrachan, at the mouth of the Nolga.
In 1928, it broke out in Orenburgh,
subsidized in winter, and rcappeared in
1929.
In 1880, it showed itself on the borders
of the Black Sea and Caspian, and reach
ed Moscow in Superintendent precoiIed
in .Moscou throughout the rinier. In 1881
it appeared at Archangel, St Petersbursh,
Poland, Prussia and Germany. In 1921,
it appeared at Mecca, carrying off large
numbers of the pilgrims; in August, at
Alexandria, at the villages of the Delta of
the Nile. In October 1881, it first APP
peared in England at Sunderland; reach
ing Edinburgh in January, 1882. In
February, reached London and many other
towns of England and in the same sum-
mer prevailed in Holland, France, and the
peninsula.
In the early part of June, few cases
occurred at Quebec, and it rapidly spread
over Upper and Lower Canada, and the
United states. Cholera had visited New
Orleans two years before its appearance
in Sweden, and four years before it raw
aged Sicily and Naples. In its progress
from east to west, and from the centre of
Asia to America, it moved with variable
rapidity-and in less than year, crossed
the peninsula of India; while from 1921
to 1923, its progress was slow. In 1882,
itspread from the centre Of Russia, through
Poland, Prussia and Germany, and the
eastern coast Of England. Its principal
advances have been in summer, being gen.
orally stationary in winter.
The Cholera, in its spread over the civ
ivilized world, has overcome obstacles
which have arrested the advance of the
Plague. For it traversed the Chants eau
casns !; the sandy deserts of Arabia Per-
sia the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. 1t
has existed under every variation of ele-
walton, soil, temperature, and moisture
at the level Of the sea, and in Napaul, at
the height of five thousand feet above the
sea-on the borders of the ocean, in the
centre of continents, in the heats OF the
torrid zone, and the rigors Of a Russian
winter--on the arid soils Of Arabia and
Persia, and in the marshy deltas of the
Ganges and the Nile. 1t has moved against
the winds in Europe, and the monsoons
in the Indian Ocean.
1t has destroyed small villages and pop
ulous townsville scarcely inhabited pro-
yinces of Russia, as well as the densely
peopled districts of Bengal. II spares
neither age nor sex, and has attacked the
same person twice or more; those in robust
health, as " ell as the feeble and sick. Its
victims have been of all classes andall ma
tons, though it spreads most rapidly and
widely in the low, dirty, and crowded
parts of large and populous towns and
cities. The mortality from Cholera is
greater than from any other epidemic dis
| a.sa Tn Jessore in 1877 ten thousand