The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-02-24

the country and what has been, what 49, and what is
yet to be IN the way of southern supremacy VIII undertake
to talk about southern subornato of intent upon our
part 10 reduce the South from of perfect equality
lfany such attempt should be made resist i-resst 1t TO
the death and, so help me God, you will ind freemen at
The North ready at least to sympathise with you IN your
efforts But be sure-be very of your facts We do
not complain that have had the advantage of us from
the very first organ of the government but when you
look over our past history, beseech lmpoe OF you,
in view of your advantages charge with the pur-
pose, the settled INTENT reduce you from equality sub
ordination Sir, reoeat again. with the utmost respect,
that have very little fear of ultimate difficulty growing out
OF this negro question in California.
1t Is no matter of surprise that southern gentlemen on
this floor, who sustaining institution endeared by
habit and secured to them by the constitution, should be
supported enthusiastically by high-mnded constituency
Mt home But let this question of secession for the want
of power TO carry slaves into California become pracc
question: question of actto be acted upon and talk
ed about, them when that period arrives do believe
there Is State from the Potomac to the Gulf where the
advocates of dsunion could sustain themselves such
question public election for single hour because
the South other southern States could under the circum
stances and for such cause secede; all the recoec-
tons of past and all the hopes of future for such al
cause should be forgotten, would say but for the
stulion, which forbds it, 60 go peace But that will
not that cannot that ought not to be- repeat again. with
great respect that have fear of notification arising
out of this question, if you leave for the future
say, therefore, Mr.. President willing to deal with
this country have dealt with other countresgve 1t
temporary government territorial government if
can 4; | prefer either q State government.
And now sir for few moments, desire to make some
observations reference 10 this matter of State govern
ment mu spoken Of ana canvassed here and esew where
How can you make California State government Can
Congress Staiei Congress State Sir,
thought until heard il here day from
the from Tennessee, Mr.. BELL that such prop
osiion could have entered the mind of any human being
His idea is that Congress can alone create Staethat no
State government be created in territories by
revolutionary effort, without the authority of Congress
Now, what does this argument provei Suppose State
could be created in territories without the leave Congress
either in advance by adoption afterwards save by rcvou
onary efforts what does provef IL only proves, sir that
tn f,cfo
by revolution When the debates of the convention in
progress the provso declaring that States may be ad
Canadas then dependent province which of could
only become States by revo!uoo If the true object could
have been admit only State by revolutionary effort only
if have power State why do not do it
Why say the people of territories have,
if you disposed State will admit you
1t of popular sovereignty exercise if you please,
and we will admit you 10 the Union. Our power is to adj
nit permit you to come not 10 force you If VIC had this
power create all would have to do would be to pass
law and resolve that California was State, and would
become schooboy may cut man out of bit of
paper and say man; but is it man Has it the blood,
bone and of mani You call this territory State,
but is it Staei Has it any of the essential powers
pre- requisites of Sate' Can do anything that State
can do If not, what farce is it to call 1t State!
would here refer to the last exampe-the admission of
Texas
1t was said she might be erected into State might go
and establish republican form of governn nt, order
that future period she might be admitted State
and then some six months af,er when she had complied
with the acquisitions that you had enlcted-afer reciting
the fact that she had complied and established republican
form of government and had consiIuton-she was ad
mtted State into the Union.
Mr.. DOWNS Was there any act subsequent 10 the
first for the admission of Texas?
Mr.. DAYTON. Certainly. 1t six m ,nhs after
the frst and preparatory her admission The first act
gives power to Texas itself into State and estab
sh republican form of government IN order that 1t might
be thereafter admitted And some Elk months after, upon
the production Of these establishing the fact that she
had thus established herself into State, and had cons
with republican form of government, she adj
mted. Now sir permit me to say, as to this mode Of
admitting Safe, If within the letter it is in my Judgment
against the spirit and intent of the constitution.
There two provisions in the constitution that bear
upon this qestiopeihaps three One gives the power to
admit Stale to permit it to come in of Its own
voton not TO drag her Another provision Is that the
federal government shall guaranty such State republican
form of governments and third one, that this federal gov
has to ntcrpose in Of domestic vo-
ence 1t 10 me, therefore, preliminary proceeding
that inspect The form of government before the State
admitted into the Union Unless 1t be so, how can you
guaranty that State republican form of gov
ernmenti When it has been almlued 1t becomes indie
pendent of you great extent State thus formed and
admitted may discharge all lis federal relations with this
government and yet may establish laws for lis Interval
regulation assimla,ng IN character TO the m'ted mon
arches the ancient atrocities Of the Old World Sap
pose State should do after yos have admitted as one
of the States of the Union rise up and say
my judgment it is republican form of government
Can any one call upon you and shape
into Il republican form of government That is not
not the idea At the lime the States severay united them
selves under the their several forms of govern
meat were Known. Iney came IN as republican govern
ments and they agreed to guaranty every other ate
admitted republican form of government so that when any
other State applies for admission must look to its forms
if within the constitutional principle il So
maj be admitted.
But sir if you admit State it gets here; it 10 one of
you Then, ask, how you, without any complaint,
without domestic violence its borders TO interfere and
establish republican form OF government Your only
security repeat inspect and pronounce before you
admit A State here is cmancipa,ed a State eie-
where, while Territory Is your power so far as the
Terms of admission concerned
But there other objections to admitting TINS coun-
State aside from these constitutional legal diff
cutes THIS of admitting a5ate into the Union
matter, great extent, of discretion anil in this case
expressly made by the treaty with Mexico matter OF dts
cre,ion. 1t stipulated was agreed There are
great many questions which may justly affect mans dis
cretlon upon subject of this kind For instance the sub
cct of taxation taxing the property OF nonresdcnts ques-
regard to slavery declaration upon the subject OF
of which many difficulties ght arise (as
by the way there did between Missouri and Jga and
kept Iowa the condition of Territory, matter of
discretion until could settle these very duff ues) Or
suppose that this State should say, "We will
permit another State be formed within borders, and
make that point in her organic laws! There are many
things which she might incorporate into her const
ion which would affect discretion question of adj
admission hold, therefore, that it is mat
ter of prudence, well as matter of law that we inspect
her form of government before admit her INTO partner
ship. | want see, and know and understand upon what
she proposes to do business when she becomes
of the partners Of our great frmthe American Union
Again: why SHOULD overstcp that system OF egIsla
lion which have acted upon heretofore all and every
occasonl First temporary government then the lowest
grade Of territorial governments then the second IN degree
then admitting the territory INTO the Union rs State
Why say, overs,ep this regular and unorm
which have