Wisconsin herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1846-1849, 1849-02-17

Mormon City, 40 o6 Ile
n. Helvetia, (Cal'a) 80 40 100 81
Astoria, (Oregon,) 40 10 124 80
These roads are therefore direct aud
straight, only excepting the DETECTION into
the South Pass. The distances roughly es-
tmated, bring $50 miles to san Francisco
and $50 to Astoria.
The outfit for travellers, may be classified
under two heads:
LIST. That necessary for emigrants with
families, and for merchants with goods.
2d That for light aud expeditions tray
cling either with packs or wagons.
Carriages of alt kinds, wagons and carts
have successfully performed the trip
Teams of horses, mules and oxen are pro-
miscuously USED, and often teams of bulls
aud cows. Stock of all kinds, driven loose
and especially cows and sheep, furnish Il
reliable supply of food, and bring very high
prices.
The expense of an outfit under the first
head, will fall within the following estimate /;
TRANsPoRTATIoN.
Large wagon, 500
Oxen $40 per yoke, 100
Or Mules at $50 $50
Harness. 90
Extra rope, leather, axes, spades, tar, Sc, %
PROVISIONS.
Flour at SO 90 per cwt, $50 lbs each
Bacon at 2 30 per cwt, 10 f" /"
Coffee at cents per ID, 90 1" +"
Sugar at cents per lb, 30 !"
Salt, pepper, vinegar, &c.
MESS.
Skillets, oven and frying pans OF ;roD,
Kettles, cups, Sc, Of tin.
BEDS.
Macknaw blankets at $40 to SIC per
pair.
A small assortment Of Indian goods.
The expense for single traveller, under
the second head, may be thus averaged
Riding horse, 500
Two mules mt $50, 100
Saddle, bride and spurs, IL
Two pack saddles -, s
Provisions, and other supplies, the same
as above.
Should parties Of six or ten unite ihgir
means, and substitute four-horse or six
mule wagon, this would be equivalent to
ten pack mules IN so long journey. These
wagons cost S75--the harness So a set.
have stated 100 days as the length Of
the journey; hut parties of young men, hay-
ing packs and good animals and guides, may
easily reach the Sacramento in forty-fye or
fifty days; nor need such cOniine themselves
to the wagon road, bat may take the route
of the Arkansas, or by Santa Re.
Independence has been the point selected
by the State aud Nations Governments. for
the departure Of the mii,tary aud exploring
expeditions 10 Oregon, Mexico and Callor-
MIA, both before and during the war, aud Of
their return aud discharge. Other points,
higher up the Missouri, as Weston, 81. Jo-
seph, and the Mormon settlement near
Council Bluffs, have occasionally been Sc
lected by emigraiIng parties. These places
have all the disadvantages Of being on the
eastern bank Of the Missouri, aud, as yet,
far behind Independence in the abundance,
adaptation, and cheapness Of supplies.
Allow me 10 repeat some facts stated by
me on my return from the Pacific, in 1914
The maritime country on the Pacific, ex-
tends along the ocean from san Diego TO
Nancouver's Island, and is confined between
the snowy ridge Of the Sierra Nevada and
lhe beach. Its average width exceeds $50
miles-iis length 200. This Sierra Nova-
da is the prol0ugaton Of the Andes Of Chill,
Peru, Columbia, Central America and Mex
ico-preserging all It's characteristics uual-
tered, Of great height, volcanoes, volcano
rock and lava. II is grander here than in
South America, because receding from the
coast, it is accompanied by this maritime
region, which gives room for a series Of fine
riVers-the Bonayeniura, San Joachim, Sac
ramento, Slsasty river, the Flameih, imp
qua, Willamette, Columbia, Puget's Sound.
This whole region, therefore abounds
with the same mineral productions as Span