The Arkansas banner., 1849-07-10
Among the shells
 In fha ocenn daIia
Russia-Its Army. Navy. Etc.

Russia-lts Army, Navy, Etc.
 With regard to the government of Russia, I must first state that the whole empire Is divided into 56 departments, each of which has . subordinate gov. ernment The administration of justice is extremely imperfect. from the nature of the case the courts being badly managed, and the judges very accessi- ble to bribery. The profession Of aw is almost un- known, and there are very few educated lawyers. The Duke of oldenburg, nephew of the Emperor, whOakes great interest in such matters has lately opened law school, which has now eighty or hundred students.
 The navy of Russia Is considerable, and comprises about 5o ships of war, good many frgates, few steamships, and great number of smaller vessels Naval schools have also been estabished but their commerce Is limited that they cannot have ef hcientmarine. They do not needa great navy, and it Is now far larger than is necessary. Their ships are pretty well buiIt but their sailors not good as those of America, France, or England. Their army, however, is another thing, and in it their great strength lies. In ls4e it numbered nine hundred thousand men, and, as it is now at the highest point, it cannot be much short of a million. Their common soldiers, who are taken from the sers. serve for the mos, part during fife, and though well drilled, very ignorant The higher officers, however, well educated men, and schools have been established among the common soldiers, they will probably improve. They do well what they told to de; bat if in battle they lose their off, cers, there of the privates fit to take the command, and they very much like flock of sheep. They generally continue to execute the last order, although it may have become impractcabe, for they brave any men in the world. They labor greatly under the want of good officers of their own, and therefore many of their officers, both in the army and navy, are Oregners-principally Ger man and English. They are endeavOrng to supply their want by military schools, of which they have twenty -four. under the direction Of the Grand Duke Michael, commander in chief of the Russian forces am not of the opinion however, that Russia is so formidable nation on account of her military fierce, or that she will attempt the conquest of Germany or Prussia. France is more than a match for her, and she is well aware of it, for althou gh her stand ing army is twice as large as tha. of France, she has nothing behind it, like the National Guards of the laiter and which, events have lately proved are fnlly as effective as regular sol5iers. These Guards comprise nearly the whole maie ponulsticn of Frnnee. and many of them are those who have served their several terms of seven years in the army, and returned to private life.
 | There are very few newspapers in Russia, and very little political information can be circulated among the people-as thers would be, If the press were free Every paper sent from France c. Ger many is carefully examined by the public censOrs, and if there is single line against Russia it is blackened or expanged in such a manner that it { cannot be read. have frequently received papers from Germany disfgured in this manner
 The Grand Dake Michael, the brother of the Emperor Nicholas, and head of the army, is very unpopular in Russia, on account of the severity of his discipline. Still, he has a great deal of good sense and sound judgment, and, he Is not afraid to speak his mind to the Emperor he is found to be sxes.iEg mere and mere influence every year. 0ss of the best in Russia is the Duke of Ode nbure of whom have spoken: He is German, and son of one of the Emperor's sisters. Unlike most of the imperial family, he thinks education and legislation of more importance than tho army and military affairs.
 The government of Russia is. from the nature of 1t, oppressive. From its great extent, much must be trusted to subordinate officers, who aro not nl- ways faithful, and hnapy things in consequence go wrong. These things arc kept from the Emperor as much as possible.
 Nicholas came to the throne unexpectedly. Con- stantine should have succeeded hs brother Alex ander, but before the death of the latter he made wi.aPpointipg Nicholas his successor with which Constantine was acquainted. and to which he ss- scented. On thc death of Alexander, in the south of Russia, Constantine sent word 10 Nicholas of what had been done, and where he would find the document In consequence Nicholas ascended the throne and his accession there was an attempted revoiuton. A part of the troops, instigaied by few of the enemies of Nicholas refused to take the oath of allegiance to him. sad called fot Constantine who was at that time in Warsaw. After the Gov ersor of St. Petersbargh had been killed in an at. temp, to pacify them. they were fired upon and several killed Five of the Iingleaders were sent to Siberia and the refractory soldiers returned to their duty. lDr. Bairds Lectures.
 A Coon 'Us-By Jeems,' ef tie Boston Pess.--