The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-07-18

server that its upper stratum is composed of organic
matter not in state of decay; and from its surface
being parallel 10 the water level, Il is also evident
that this mass of matter is the result of washlngs
from the upands by rams for centuries past. Since
its deposit such portions of its own decayed vege-
table matters receiving their carbon from the at
| mosphere have increased the mass. Does it not
naturally suggest ITSELF that to restore vgor to the
upland this matter must be carried back to where
| II came from.
To render this material suitable for manure il is
only necessary to put in of decay, and this
| | do by several methods; indeed, | have tried all
the methods given by Johnson, Dana, and others,
and they all answer the purpose perfectly we'll
The CATTLE SrALL-This contains six oxen
and three cows, and will make than one cord per
day, equal in quality TO horse manure, ! arrange
| II thus:
Under the hind feet of the cattle is dug gutter
two and-a-half feet deep and three anda-half feet
wide its surface should be covered with Rosen-
dale cement made fluid with water, and put on with
watering-pot until the earth refuses to absorb the
moisture. In two days it will be solid and hard as
stone. Fill this trench with meadow muck to the
| level of the stable, and cover il with salt hay
straw as bedding. The manures voided by the
cattle will pass through the bedding and be alb
sorbed by the muck. Every four days this mass
is taken out, that time being found sufficient TO sup
| ply it with the materials for decomposition. IL is
then placed under she'd and in three weeks in
summer or ten weeks IN winter It will be as fine
as the best stable manure, having gone through the
heatings and fermentation! | perfectly con-
vnced that the urine of animals received by muck,
with the animal warmth of the body of the animal
lying upon it at night, will decompose ten times as
much as would be decomposed by the same amount
of urine previously suffered to cool in cstern.
Each time this trench is empued the surface is
| covered with charcoal DUST thus all smell is pre-
vented.
The Hoe PEN,-My hog pen is also made a
valuable adjunct for the manufacture of manure
| from meadow muck Ii is thus constructed A
trench is dug feet wide and five feet deep around
piece of ground as large as wanted for piggery-
fill this trench with stone, and then grout between
the stone with fluid grout composed of one part
Rosendale cement and two parts sand, the whole
made very fluid with water and poured in as fast as
mixed until full to the surface. In few days this
wall will be solid stone, and impervous to
water. Then dig out the trench inside the wall
three feet Deep varying the depth in different parts
so to render this ditch series of inclined planes.
Before digging out this inner ditch, saturate the
earth on the inside wall with soapers waste spent
ley, and as dug out II may be used manure.
Thus we have cistern of stone, with mound Of
earth in the centre and a ditch between the mound
and the wall
AT one end of this enclosure place your hog pen,
Hiuhe lIhs llOullu OF edrtn tne running ground
for the hogs. Every day (if you have ten hogs)
throw a cord of muck on this mound, all your
weeds, and occasionally handful of shelled corn
The hogs will necessarily root, mix up and turn
over the muck, giving them exercise and you ma
nure. As fast as the muck is made it washes down
into the ditch and with the water received from the
rains this ditch will make good wallowing place
for the hogs Alongside of the hog pen place
covered shed with the bottom cemented and so
IN charoe Aud ,ha Itch Of tba
hog pen. Once in ten days throw the contents of
this ditch into the shed, and should there be any
more fluid than necessary, it will run back into the
ditch Should the quantity of fluid seem too great
after heavy rams, &C., you have only to bale il
upon the muck on the centre mound with pail on
the end of pole thus decreasing the quantity by
evaporation and absorption This, however, will
seldom be the ca sc, the hogs prefer the mixture
IN the ditch to be of consistency not quite fluid,
and will push the muck from the mound and make
the mixture to suit themselves. The contents of
TINS shed are always ready for use as manure, and
the quality is most unexceptionable,
similar arrangement to that used in the cattle
shed is also practised in the horse stable.
All the house wash should be absorbed by the
meadow muck.
With six oxen, three cows, three horses ten
hogs, and the results from house, &C., at least two
cords of manure of prime quality may be procured
per day, by the proper of salt marsh or mea
dow muck and, if the manure should not be
wanted for three or four months in winter, the
! quantity of muck may be doubled by mixing it in
tmately with double the quantity of muck, and per-
hitting II to remain under cover free possible
| from currents of air. Should the muck heaps at
any time show great heat, cover them with pow
dered or fine charcoal, or we-dried muck, and the
| gases will be retained and absorbed.
REMARKs.-Professor M, in regard to the extra
ordinary depth of his ploughing, observes:
! l. wish TO perfectly disntegrate my soil, and
take up portion of the clay each year TO be con-
yerted into soil-thus deepening the soil.
2 To incorporate the kelis with the clay so as
TO render 1t penetrable to water, and still more i'm
portant 10 admit the atmosphere.
g. The advantages to arise from sub-soi plough
ing are:
Less liability to suffer from drought the roots
can go down and find moisture More surface of
particles are exposed to the action of the atmo-
sphere and for the reception Of ammonia and car
bonic acid. The absorption of these ingredients by
soil being, not in proportion TO the quantity of soil
but TO the surface of dsintegrated soil exposed.