The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1849-10-23

tervenlng stations at all the principal towns, In
GLIDING Maedeburg, Brunswick, Hanover, Dqs-
| seldolf, and Cologne. The whole of this tee-
| graz hic line was laid under ground, including the
passage of the Slavel, between Potsdam and Bran
| denburg, the Elbe, by Magdeburg, and the Rhine,
| by Cologne. The gutta-percha tubes were, in the
latter passages, nclosed in iron pipes, sunk in the
beds OF the chasms, and have answered completely.
(Ihe motives are not given why the tubes could
not have been laid down on the railway bridges,
over the Slavel and Elbe) third line has been
TO Hamburg, distance of 50 miles, (say 40 En-
glish.) fourth line between Berlin and Stet-
tin,. distant eighteen miles, (eIghty.two En-
glsb) (The German mile is calculated here, in
correctly A fifth, underground line, is being con-
structed from Berlin to Breslau, and thence to the
Austrian frontier at Oderberg, the distance of
which will be ~ miles, 1925 Engish) Until this
nications are conducted 10 and from Oderberg by
suspended wires belonging to tbs Scillan Rail
way Company. AT the present moment the cities
of AK la. Chapele, frankfort on the Maine, Ham.
burg, end Stettin, are geographically connected
with Berlin by underground wires, having a total
length of PAS miles, q, 100 EDglsh,) the total cost
of which has not exceeded 400 900 rix dollars (say
GiS000) Before the expiration of the year the
Odelberg line will be completed, making In the
whole 3l7 miles, q 427 English) THIS line will
unite with the Austrian teegraphs, and will thus
connect, Aix-la- Chapee,. Hamburg. and Stettin,
ria Berlin, with the Adriatic at Trieste. In the
course of short time also, and in connection with
the Great Eastern Railway, similar Geographic
lines will take place at Konigsberg and DantAc
within a few minutes communication with Berlin
These different teegraphc lines are not to be re-
strcted to government purposes. They will be
placed at the disposition of the public, of course
under certain restrictions, that will facilitate the
use, but prevent the abuse Of the lines. Those Of
Aix-la-Cbapee and Hamburg will be opened for
public convenience before the end OF the present
month, according to the tariff and regulations, to
be published so soon as they have received the
-. r.
graphic lines placed under the direction of agents.
whose office Is at the general postofice, and is
subordinate to the Minister of Commerce and
Public Works: In addition to this central board,
a few minor Offices will be established In the city,
whose business it will be to receive dispatches
and communications, and forward them instaner
to the central Office, where they will be expedited
in the required direction. 1t Is anticipated that
the great facilities offered to the mercantile public,
and TO the press, will give such employment to the
lines as will serve TO pay the interests of the
expended in their establisb ment, well current
expenses. London merchants haring TO comn,u-
nicate nth 1tteste, or irlth intervening places, ,oH
be enabled TO do so neat month, most rapidly and
economically, through their correspondents at Ham
burg.
[From the London Athenmum, September 22J
I" On the Present State of Electro Telegrt ohic
Communication in England, Prussia. and Ame-
RIGA" by Mr.. Whishaw.-Mr. Whshaw stated that
the object OF his present communication was not 10
bnng before the section the numerous telegraphic
but to point out the advantages and disadvantages
Of the three great systems of electric telegraphs
now importation in England, Prussia, and America.
In England the wires, being suspended from post to
post along the sides OF railways are exposed to the
following disadvantages running of trains of the
lines, by which posts and are all carried way
together, and thus the communication Is stopped.
Secondly. from atmospheric influences, whereby
irregular and uncertain reflections of the needles in
Cooke and Wheatstones Geographic instruments
take place, besides occasional decinaton parts of
the instruments, &c. Thirdly, from snow storms,
as i'm the case of the Southeastern telegram winch
occurred during the last winter, when the wires
and posts were all removed, and considerable in
teTIupuon was caused in the TRANSMISSION oil
communications. Fourthy, from damage by ma
lcious persons, who sometimes twist the wires
together; and for whose apprehension rewards
have frequently been offered by the English CON-
panies. Filthy, the wires have sometimes been
connected Together by fine wire nicely SOL
dered TO the line wires, and thus the commune
cations have been diverted from their right
channel Sixtbly, the expense, viz, Gl50 a mile,
for the above-ground system, with an annual ex-
pend1ure Tor rspas Sesyen,hand eonse
ssges. Eighhly, the time required In learning per-
fecly the manpulations OF the needle telegraph, so
that If telegraphist Is from any cause disabled,
there is no one at hand TO take his place. With
regard TO the charges, the following facts will suf-
hce TO show the advantages of economical tele-
graphs. In America, the charge for twenty words.
transmitted by the telegraph TO the distance of 800
b
charge the, same communications would only be
transmitted 90 miles, or less than onc-eiohth the
distance--and by the South Eastern Company's
charges not 20 miles, or one twenty-fiiih OF the
500 miles. Again, communication of ninety
words IN America may be transmitted from Wash
ington 10 New Orleans, l,7l6 miles, for Ais. Sd.
whereas by the Electric Telegraph Company's
charges would only be transmitted little more
than $50 miles, and by the South. Eastern Conn
pany s scale under 100 miles. The extent of tee-
graphs in Great Britain at present rs about 2, GOO
miles and there yet remain railways To an equal
extent without teleeraphs. Mr.. Whshaw express
ed a hope that within n short time every princi-
pal town In the kingdom would be connected by
telegraph, as Tie Underground system may be ef-
fceted without the and Of railways, viz. under turn
pike roads and towing paths, We TINS plan has
been practically carried out IN Prussia, where at
the present time there are 3ID German miles,
equal 10 1922 English miles in actual operation
single wire, coated with gutta-percha, is laid
under the railway, at the depth OF two feet, and
connected with tbe instruments and batteries at
the different stations. a coloquial and also a
printing telegraph used m each principal sta
tion--boih worked as required by the single wire.
The experiment as To burying the gutla-percha
wire IN the ground was commenced some years
ago, and being found to answer perfectly, the
PTusslan telegraph commissioner, appointed IN
1874, Determined on adopting the underground plan
enir,y for the government ielegraphs. and which
were commenced in July. 1913, so that no time has
been lost IN Carrying them out. At Oderbay, the
Prusslan system Is IN oonnexlOn with the tele-
tween that place and Trieste, ria Vienna and as
regards the Prrsslan government telegraphs the
public hes the advantage Of them by payment of
certain fixed rates. The cost Of the Prussian sys-
tenn IL under GO mile. The American system
IL remarkable for the great extent 10 which il Is
already carried-yiz, l0,5li miles, costing less
than $40 mile. IL consists OF siHgle iron wire
supported from poet TO post, but II carried TAR be-
yond the limits Of railways, and Is consequently
iitqu,nily damaged. so that a code OF rules is
established for the repair Of the wires, which is
underiaken by gentlemen living along the lines.
and who are furnished with set of tools for the
purr6se-- their reward being the free use ct the
lei, graph for their own private communications.
The economy Of first cost. however, causes very
low tariff for the TRANSMISSION OF communications,
so that the poorest person IS enabled, Tor n lew
cents, 10 serd n communication 10 considerable
distance. From the actual operations IL the three
systems, IL appears that the PTussian Is the most
simple, effective, and communication annual re-
pairs are not required TO the line wlfes a. IN the
cases OF Entl and America, where they are
expostd TO 20 many casualties.
Mir Flsnaoban. of Kentucky, made some OBJ