davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17
THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

correspondent Of The Vermont ChroAi-
Gle has recently called the attention of the
public TO the probability that Vermont Is
gold bearing Stale, both from The fact That
gold has been found here, and that the roc Ks
IN different parts OF the Stale are Talcose
slate, which indicates gold iorE ul;on.
Without stopping 10 inquire whether The gold
that was found III Newfane grelr there. or
whether the grains that were discovered IN
the bushel of dirt washed By Professor Hitch
cock were not silied into The composition hv
some one who had land 10 sell, we are graf
lied thai anything should find it's way into
the public papers calculated 10 wake NJ their
readers 10 II ,ense Of the importance of n
knowledge of geology, in the hope that some
agitation oil the subject may give Jog, also,
TO The men, who compose Tie legislature of
this Stale. and induce them TO consider The
necessity md importance of completing a
very useful ork,-wcll begun,-Ihe geo
logical survey oil the State. With due del>
erence 10 the "wisdom and virtue which
is 10 be found in The Senate and House Of
Representatives of the State Of VERMONT
for in those branches there certainly are
men possessing high degree of integrity
and intelligence. eve cannot but consider
the refusal 10 Complete The geological sur
vey Of This Stale very strange piece Of leg
isation, The geologist. Professor Adams,
man every way competent 10 the task, dill
not choose TO haiter the people that he was
about t. open 10 them the riches Of mineral
wealth. and Cause The earth 10 turn out gold
aud diamonds, but he assumed only 10 ex-
hibit the geology Of the State, rs il really
exists. and 10 give them that npGledge
which would serve them in mineraIogy. ia
agriculture, and in o her various ways
But the i'll patient could not wait, and those
who were il haste 10 grow rich, turned their
backs upon The prosecution oil an enterprise
from which money was not Immediately
10 be coined, and in some such spirit and with
n conviction in the minds Of MANY that the
survey was Of doubtful utility. they refused
TO make an appropriation small, when COM
pared with the importance OF the object, or
the means already furnished, and suffered
the work to remain unfinished. But it is 10
be hoped that the sober second thought -
will induce the legislature TO come 10 Diff
ferent conclusion on this subjec', and furnish
The means Of finishing so important an OBJ
jeci. which, unless completed, will in no way
rebound to the honor of the Vermont legis-
lature.-WoOd,tock Mercury.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

81 There is another matter in which
the leaders were possibly taken in them
selves. They proclaimed that Taylor had
no friends to reward, and no enemies TO
punish that there would be no dismissals
from office
The Wings did proclaim, and they pro-
claimed truly, that Gen. Taylor had no
enemies to punish, but It's not true that
they proclaimed that "thcre pould be no
dismissaLs from office. The editor of
the Democrat knOios that the Wings did
not proclaim this. They never proclaim
ed that there would be no dismssals from
office; on tho contrary. they believed and
proclaimed that there would he great
many dismissals from office for good and
sufficient reasons, but that none would be
made from mere partisan considerations.
" hen we remember with what earnest
ness and with what justice the Wings
throughout the canvass proclaimed the in
competency, the faithlessness, and the vii
lainy of thousands OF the government of
hce-holders. and the imperative necessity
Of reform, the assertion of the Louisville
Democrat as to their having announced
that there would be no dismissais from
ofics" certainly appears to be one of the
most remarkable specimens of impotence
and mendacIty to be met with even in the
annals of Louisville Jour.
nal.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17
From the ITGShinqton Union.

THE PRoToCoL.-Thc Washington cor
respondent Of the New York Evening Post,
makes the following statement, which may be
true, but VIC will not vouch for it:
at is rumored outside of the (Scnate)
! chamber, and the rumor doubtless proceeds
from the inside, that the Protocol has been the
subject of an angry correspondence between
the Mexican minister, Senior Rosas, and the
State Department; that as soon as Mr. Polk
transmitted his message to Congress, asserting
in substance that the Protocol was mere d.
plomatic device to facilitate the business Of
procuring the ratification of the treaty, and
that it meant nothing and secured nothing,
the Mexican minister addressed note of a
very decided character TO the President, af-
firmine that the government of Mexico looked
upon that instrument as an important moditi-
cation of the treaty, and as the guarantee Of
rights and advantages which it could not will
ingly reinquish, and desiring TO be informed
whether the government of the United States
intended TO repudate its stipulation.
Z" No reply was made to this communication.
Her minister made another one oflike import.
To this Mr.. Buchanan replied in accordance
with the terms of the Presidents message to
Congress. Her minister rejoined with a Wig
orous protest, N which he reiterated the under
standing under which this Protocol had been
agreed TO by his government, and recited the
consequences of the view taken by that of the
United States. Thus the matter stood at the
advent of Gen. Taylor and Mr.. Clayton;
what has since taken place, will probably ap-
pear in some subsequent Development Of the
proceedings of the Senate in executive ses-
sion."
We feel no difficulty in stating what We
have little doubt is the truth, that the Secrcta-
ry of State (Nr. Clayton) has since addressed
a note to Senor Rosas, who has in vain brought
up this Protocol, that the administration at
tached no sort of importance to it, and that
they considered the treaty itself binding upon
the two republics. Thus, the administration
is acting with firmness, spirit, and considera-
ton, which were due to the occasion. And
thus ends the chapter.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

CD One of the gold djggers, writing
home. states that although he is obliged
10 camp out and lie upon the b>re ground,
TO be pestered by mosquitoes, rats, snakes
and so on, he does not mind il but he
says it is deuced annoying to have the liz
ards crawling into Lis pockets, ransacking
for crumbs of bread and butter.
CALIFORNIA GoLD-Harnden's Express
brought on yesterday morning $57 800
from the United States Mint in PhiladeI-
phia; $4,000 of it was for the Mer-
chants Bank Boston itlas, Iith inst.
81 4 lump of California gold, of the
weight of four and half ounces, has been
brought TO Boston. The value Of it is
eighty Two dollars.
ErGur HUNDRED ToHs OF WoMEN
FROM IsowELL-A letter from Boston
SAYS. Ii would not surprise me it Mrs
Farnhau obtained as many women in
LoHeIl, 10 co round the Horn with her
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

SLAVE MARKETS AT THE SOUTHWEST
The following is IN extract of letter from
Memphis, Tenn, to the Syracuse Star. Can
Ii be possible that any considerable portion of
the American people, even those RESTING in
the South, desire TO see such trade opened
in California or New Mexico as the writer de-
scribes below p
perhaps | have not gwen Memphis all the
credit it deserves as business place, and Will
add that here is also great market for slaves
They are brought from the more Northern
Slave States, and here sold to the Negro ira
ders to supply the demand of the newer and
more sickly portions of the South The av-
erage life of slave laborers on sugar planta-
tons does not exceed five years-conseouent-
~, new supplies are in constant demand.
There are two slave markets. or pens, in the
city, where human beings are confined like
cattle, and exposed for examination and sale.
They are here, and also at New Orleans, ar
ranged upon the sidewalk for inspection, pre-
cisely as merchant would expose his goods,
or mechanic his wares. Negro auctions,
where men. women and children are sold in
the street to the highest bidder, are uf almost
everyday occurrence. Never shall forget
one of the sales that attended. A large lot
were offered, and the auctioneer stated. by way
of excuse for their travel-worn appearance
that they had walked from Virginia, distance
Of 700 miles, and were somewhat tired-but
if he could keep them week to recruit, he
would make them look 500 apiece better
Among the number was Il slave mother and
her five children. Alter being sold herself
she stood holding her masters horse in the
crowd, and with all mothers anguish depict
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

ed in her countenance, she was watching the
sale Of her children, as one BY one they found
an owner and were taken from her, TO so she
knew not whittier, could not suppress the
tear of sympathy as ! looked upon her, and
remembered, too, that this was scene OF al
most every day occurrence in this fair land. l
NAV be possibly laughed at for my sensibility,
by those who think the slave almost destitute
of humanity; but saw enough in the hour l
stool there, TO show that they are not the soul
less beings they are sometimes represented to
be. Would TO heaven they-were, for then
they would not feel the wrongs so cruelty heap
ed upon them. 1 fancied many in The crowd
looked ashamed of the transaction in which
they were engaged"
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17
LETTER FROM CALIFORNIA.

The following extract from letter received
Yesterday BY Arnold Buffum, liz Bro"dway'
from his son. Lieut. Edward Gould buhum
now two wears resident in California though
M, nj recent date furnishes an additieaal con-
frn,s,ior of the repo t. heretofore received, Of
the richness OF the gold placers in California
SrrrER's, UprER CALIFohN1A, Nov. 4, 1918
Itmav require more geo graphical knowledge
than YOU NAV happen TO possess. TO De able to
inform Yourself where the above locality IS.
We'll if is on the banks of the River Sacra-
mento. about $50 miles north of San Francis
CO. and here / am, sitting in tent writing
YOU this epistle on the top Of an old trunk
but what am doing here Is vet for you to
learn. You have of course ere this heard Of
the extensive gold placer Of California; dis
covery which throws in the shade all the won
dcrful yarns, IRON Ala2din's Lamp, down
along Some five months since. two men, en-
p.oyed in digging mill-racc at the foot of the
California mountains, distant some forty miles
from here, discovered some shining Particles in
The water which. upon examination, proved TO
be pure gold. They dug farther and found
more. The news spread, and in two months
five thousand persons were at work IN the
placer; whole towns were deserted, and with
good reason. The placer extends over space
81 about one hundred miles. and here is found
crlil, which for ages has been washing down
frona the mountains. 1t is obtained BY dig
eing up the surface and washing the earth
with pan. No person ,rho has 'r0rted has
taken less than one ounce (valne Sl6) per day,
and many hare dug hundreds Of dollars for
ddps in succession. ! sdr man yesterday,
uto in flee days took out rlercn hundred dol
lars. Some men hare made fifteen or f'renty
thousand dollars since he discovery and eFcry-
69agis getting rich. Well. with party OF four
others. | am bound into The mountains, with
provisions to winter and. although we do not
expect 10 make more than from eight TO SIN
teen dollars day thus winter, we shall be on
the ground in the spring ready 20 accept the
most favorable chances. Persons who have
been all over the ground, say that the gold
cannot be exhausted for a hundred years. We
shall probably get into the mountains in the
course of a week, build us log hut and settle
down, and il get enough gold by next Sum-
mer shall come home.
You would be exceedingly amused TO see
the way business is done here. A man goes
into store. makes his purchases, and walking
up to the counter, pulls out 4 little buckskin
bag and unties it; every merchant here has a
pair Of scales, into which portion of the
contents is poured, and in this way all pur-
chases are made, gold drs being about the On
" circ;:ia.ine medium OF tic country 1T is ia
ken at SIG per ounce, but only SO is paid for
it in cash, and the capitalists here arc making
fortunes BY Purchasingi / saw to-day lump
of pure gold weighing ten ounces.
Aheciionatelv yours,
EDWARD GOULD BUFFUM.
CT The original letter from which the a
bove extracts are made, may be seen at Buff
fun < IIandy's, ll2 Broadwav.-Ed. Trio.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

SLAVERY IN CALIroRNIA.-A letter
from California says, 1t woulI be as ca
sy to introduce Slavery into New York as
into California. No action of Congress
can decide the question. 1t is already
decided by the impossibility Of retaining
Slaves, by the character of the emigrants.
and by the pursuits of the inhabitants.
The great emigration to California is,
and has been, of northern men, who car
ry with them thorough aversion to me-
gro slavery, in all its forms. Our free
soil brethren may, therefore, consider the
battle fought and the victory won.-Mer-
cury.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

MAIL CoNrRAcTs.-The Postmaster Gen
eral says that the bids received for the mai
service in the States of Maine, New Hsmp-
shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island
Connecticut, and New York, are now in
course of examination, and that he will be pre-
pared on Wednesday, the 18th Of April, to
open the books and announce to those interest
ed, the state of the proposals preparatory to
the making of the final decisions awardingthe
contracts. Like proceedings will soon after
take place in respect to the new routes adver-
tised for contract in the other States of the
Union
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

80 THE WORLD AS 1T Moves. is the ii.
tie of neatly executed reprint of Chambers
Edinburgh Journal (weeklyI, together with
valuable Original articles and choice selections
from the London Quarterly Review; London
Literary Gazette; Edinburgh Review; Me-
tropolitan Dublin University Magazine; Lon
don Atheneum; Westminster Review Asiat-
ic Journal; Bentley's Miscellany; London
Punch; London Lancet United Service
Journal; London Examiner; and various 9TH
er foreign Notwithstanding original trans
lations from the French, Italian, and German
press. A summary of foreign and domestic
news is given, and all scientific improvements
and discoveries are recorded. Each number
contains 40 pages, making four volumes per
annum, of 500 pages each.-William Wal
lace, Editor. Published by Lockwood & Co.,
459 Broadway, New York. Terms for the
year, S5,-for one volume (three months)
Sl,25.
HD HORNS RAILROAD GAZETTE, VIC hare
already commended to our readers as a vaua-
bic weekly journal, devoted to railroad mat
tiers and miscellaneous reading. 1t contains
diagrams of all tee principal railroads in the
United States; the hours of arrival and de-
parture Of trains on the different roads; and
the several towns through which they pass;
with distances, rates of fare, &c.-Published
oy S. Horn, 126 Nassau ST., New York, at 50
year.
"a SARTAIN's UNION MAGAZINE, and the
AMERICAN METROPOLITAN, of which the
earlier numbers vera received at this Office,
and regularly noticed, have not made their
appearance for two months past. Are both of
these Magazines discontinued If not, we
are entitled. of course, to an exchange, ac-
cording to the usual rules.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17
The Express, speaking of the election

The Express, speaking of the election
in New York. last Tuesday, says:
After the unfortunate mishap in Con-
necticut, our Democratic brethren of all
hues and compilations, sprang upon US
here, in New ork, with determination
to take from us our ground in this noble
city--but alarmed by the fate of the
Wings of Connecticut. we spraug to
arms, and the result is-a Wing May
or for twenty months, from May LIST,
Is49. 10 January LIST. 1851, by 1000 ma
jority Five Wing Judges-lhree for the
Superior Court. (s3500 salary each per
year, and two for the Marine Court The
Common Council of the City. from May
LIST, ls49, to January LIST, 1850. -
OF the Is wards in the city, l3 l-2 are
Wings.
This victory, so gratifying in its details,
is much more enhanced by the rout and
dissolution Of a coalition between the
Hunkers and Barnburners, as unnatural
as it was unprincipled, and which we are
pleased to see the people of all parties
have more or less repudlaied.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17
APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT
Robert II. Bernard, P. NJ. Hudson, N. Y
Davis Pennic, P. NJ, Rochester, N. Y
Aaron P. Hughs, P. NJ, Nashua, N. II

APPOINTMENTS BY THE POSTMASTER GEN
ERAL.- Connecticm.-E -astus Rindge, Chap
lain.
Fermont-C. A. Townsend, Barnard; G
B. Duboys. West Randolph; w. Carpenter
Fast Randolph Rufus e. Smith, Waterbury
o w. Chadwick, Newbury.
Neic Hampshire.-EdwinA insworlh, Clare
mont; Allen Cross, Manchester; w. Breck
Cornish Flats; S. w. Hunt, Hinsdale &. W
Wright, Pennington; ]. NJ. Godfrey, Ep'
ping.
ifnine.-A. Stout, Swackville; Jonathan
Powell, Scion America Bartlett, Hartford
John Tibbetts, Topsham Joseph Keith, North
Chesterville Daniel Carey, Sabbattas; John
W. Perkins, Pennington.
Uisconsin-D. w. King, Green Bay; John
H. Lyon, Dankirb; G. NJ. Harris, Palmyra; A.
D. Dick, Pcquot Jos. Hunter, Mineral Point;
J. W. Wheeler, Whitewater.
With some fifty others, in the South and
West.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

"Let US hope that triumph will crown the
efforts of the Free Democracy in New York
as glorious as that which has heralded the dd'0n
of a neao era in the late Connecticut election
The Green Mountain Freeman Estate Van
Buren, organ) comes into the work with right
hearty notwithstanding brazen blast, So
norous and long, to be reverberated, no doubt,
from every peak of the Green Mountains, and
" flung out" across the waters of Chanplain,
to die away among the forests and vallies of
the Adirondacks.
"The defeat of Gen. Cas- by the slavehold-
ers of the South (Which the Freeman most
sincerely regretS,no doubtl)-"and the treason
able cor duct of certain men at Washington
during the last session of Congress, have had
a tendency to convince the democrats IN the
free STATES, that they must pitch their tents on
new ground Ito wit, free Siie.) "They stand
in danger of total disruption and disorganiza-
ton, if they adhere TO their position, and be-
come instruments to promote the success OF
measures, and party to which they are OPP
posed. For ourselves, We wish there was but
one party this side of Mason and Dixon's
line"
We expect, one of these days, when this
union, so delightful in prospect, and promising
such unspeakable felicity, shall have been full
ly consummated-a when the ''new era"
whose dawn our neigtbors already descry
above the horizon, shall have fully arisen, to
find on our table two Free Democratic pa
pcrs, bearing the following titles: The
Green Mountain Patriot and Freeman
The Free Soil Courier and Sentinel"
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

~ The "Amateurs" had large and
highly respectable audience, on Friday eve,
ming, ard elected much applause by their
excellent performances. The "post horn
imitation was surprisingly exaci-and call,
ed forth spontaneous and prolonged - +.
We never heard any thing like
the original.
81 Gov. SLADE has rcturno
West. He arrived at his residence Ii.
lage on Wednesday laa.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

THE CABINET AND SLAvERY.-The AL
bany Journal, with reference to the remarks
of some one in the New York Senate, "vho,
with optics KEEN has discovered Anti-Free
Soil bearings in the construction of Gen.
Taylor's Cabinet" says:
Three members of the Cabinet came from
Free States. Three came from Slave States.
And one from State on the verge of Free
dom. The Treasury Department, with which
more than all the others, the interests of
the North are identified, was given to Penn
sylvania. The Post Office, to which so much
Patronage belongs, was given to Vermont.
The Department of the Interior to which vast
interests are committed, was given 10 Ohio.
The State Department is in the hands Of a
distinguished Statesman whose sentiments and
sympathies are eminently NATIONAL. To the
War and Navy Departments, and to the Of
flee of Attorney General. enlightened and lib
eral Southern Wings were called. In the
formation of his Cabinet therefore, those who
discover any thing but desire, on the part of
Gen. TAYLOR, TO promote the common wei
fare, look with jaundiced eyes.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

CHARTER ELECTIoNs.--In New York, Ca
LEB S. Woodruff, Wing, is elected Mayor,
by about 1000 majority, over Van Setback,
the coalition candidate. The majority for
Havemeyer, Loco, last year, was 9l9. The
Board of Aldermen stands, Wings, IS, Locos,
5-Assistants, Wings, Il, Locos, 4.
In Brooklyn, EDWARD COPELAND, Wing,
is elected Mayor, by plurality of 1871
5ll over all. The Common Council is large
" Wing.
In Albany, FRIEND HUMPHREY, Wing, is
elected Mayor, by 2Sl majority over the Hun
ker and Barnburner candidate. Wing major
ity last year, 1919. The Common Council con-
sists of II Wings and Locos.
In Newark. Col. MILLER, Wing. is elected
Mayor, by IS majority. The Common Coun-
Gil stands as last year-Whigs, -, Locos, s.
In New Orleans, the Wings have elected
their parties standing about as last
year.
CINcINNATI.-Henry B. Spencer, wbig,
has been elected Mayor. The citizens,
by vote of almost four to one, have au>
thorized the city to subscribe million of
dollars for the construction Of the Missis>
sippi and Ohio Railroad.
81 The municipal election in Williams
burgh, l.. l., on Tuesday, resulted in an over
whelming Wing victory.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

G. A woman named Kate Hastings,
the proprietress of fashionable house in
Leonard street, N. Y, cowhided Med
'untline," in Broadway, in consequence
a disparaging allusion TO her house in
paper.
Steamers are rnr-;~-' Lake Cham
NJ, VIII
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

the authority for the above. Mr.. Meredith. Sec
relary Of the Treasury, was 10 return to Wash
ington tomorrow.-BoSton Courier, 10Th rnst
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

81 The municipal election in Williams
burgh, l.. l., on Tuesday, resulted in an over
whelming Wing victory.
The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1849-04-17

o. The Quincy (IlI) Wing says that
Judge Young has written home, announ,
cling his intention to resign his place as
Commissioner of the General Land Of
fee, on the Goth Of the present month.
1t is said that lie will be candidate for the
Senate of the United States. it is be-
lieved that an Extra Session of the Leg,
islature will be called next Winter to elect
a Senator.