The Arkansas banner., 1849-07-17
fFom the N. Y. Tribune.
The XVar af ahe nnnnhe.

impulses, the mIBioRs of reaction brand the whole
 movement as a revolt, unjasti6ed by circumstances
 insurgent chiefs. But Hungary fights neither as tehelious nor Republican power. She has exeF-
 cised authority which she did not of right possess
 under the away of an Austrian sovereign; she has
 adopted 10 new principle ot government, subversve of her ancient and cherished system She only took 1 np arms against the aggrsssiEe nsnrpatons of the Court of Vienna, when no other means was len of
 preserving he rights guarentied to her by the
 solemn covenant of Austria, and renewed with
 additional sanctity by each successive raenaFch of
 the House of Hapsburg Let us, before going farther
 examine the extent of these rights and the nature
 of inc union by which the two nations have hitherto
 been linked together.
 It is mistake to suppose that Hungary was ever
 in any sense dependency of Austria. For more
 than three centuries, it is true, she has of her own
 free will yielded allegiance to the soveregns of the Empire but without violating the provisions of her
 ancient Constitution Since the end Of the thirteenth century she has existed as an elective monarchy. choosing her ulers after fhe extinction of the orgi nal line of Magyar Kings, from dferest reieoing
 families of Europe. Thus when the Polish line of
 WIadisiaw ceased with Louis H. in 1926, the Diet. after mature discussion, elected Ferdinand o Austria
 This choice however involved no surrender of right As King of Hungary, Ferdinand swore to accept the Constitution and protect the Diet m the exercise of its legislative functions The organization of the before, when. after the consecutive election of its members to the throne of Hungary, the sovereignty of the house ot HaPsbnrg was declared hereditary by the Presburg Detof 1888 the independence o the nafipn so far from teing compromised, was secured by renewed pledges and by the oath of coronation itself The Magyar nationality, to all appearances was as complete as under the kings of ttfe race of ATpad
 The Constitution of Hungary. however, not only requires the royal sanction to give effect to the acts of tie Det but preeludes that body from discussing measures which have not first been proposed by the King. While, therefore, vote of the Diet must be obtained when Austria has need of Hungarian arms and supplies, she has the power, in turn, of embar- rassing and retaniing, to considerable extent it's effective operation. Without oyerstepping the precise terms of the national agreement, the Court of Vienna may exercise very oppressive iniusnee over tue Magyar domlnions. The history of that Court, since the time of Ferdinand l. with the exception of the Teigns of Maria Theresa and Leopold II. presents a continual record of such usuTpations. We only ascribe the patience of Hungary. through her many generations of burden. some rule, 10 the reverence for kingiy authority whieh is part of her political faith.
 Austria, with the cunning foresight of despotism saw from the first the difficulty of retaining her in- huenee over kingdom extensive ard prosperous without forging stronger chain. All the arts which her selfish and seheming ministers could devise, have Tor three centuries been directed 10 this end Avoiding ali violent attacks upon the rights and privileges of Hungary, she has endeavored by slow and nntring system of policy to break up the sources of national feeling and gradually draw the whole Magyar race into the same abject dependence as Bohemia and Tyroi. She gave, indeed, few nig- gardiy concessions when the vaults of her treasury were to be filled or the ranks of her armies to be repenished, but these were either Ietracted in the security of victory or ther operation neutralized by some new scheme of oppression. Less powerful than her despotie ally of Russia, she equals hin in
 the subtlety of her plans and the consummate art and patience with which they are carried into action
 In her religious faith, as we'll, Hungary has been
 the subject of ceaseless persecution. Divided nearly equally between Catholic and Protestant q the time of Ferdinand's election 10 the throne, both secis possessed equal privileges under the government Al the commencement of the seventeenth century. the Piotestants embraced twO-thirds of the whole population and had majority Tn the Diet. in spite of the vigorous resistance of Austria they obtained iail political liberty, excepting only the insidious clause, o far as 1t shall not prejudice the Catholic church, With this slender foothoid, the Austrian government, combined with the Catholic portion oi Hungary, waged such all anremittnS war against the Protestant church, that at the end of century they had made its very existence dependent on the royal favor. During the whole of last century it led painful, struggling life, threatened at times with entire extinction. An act of the Emperor Josepk II. restored to it's members few of their former privileges, but up to the present revolutionary era their petitions for justice have been earnest and un- ceasing.
 And how has Hungary borne these insic.ious att taeksi How has she resisted the dangerous efforts -the more dangerous because their aim was con- cealed-ot an unrelenting despotsm to destroy her existence as nation? With sincerity of a,tach ment 10 her king almost without parallel in histo ry-a generosity oi character which suspected notb- ing and pardoned everything at the first exhibition of iavor-she stood beside Austria in every struggle fa thar ad turn back the tide of foreign invasion from her frontiers. In spite of neglect and disappointment and broken iaitf she failed in the hour of need Yet, to her honor be it spoken, she never relin- qushed her claims for justice. receded step from the rights given to her by the constitution which Ausria's rulers had sworn to respect.
 Of late years her situation has excited some an prehensioD in the Cabinet al Vienna. 1t was ino- possible that the machinery of the middle ages should not become too oppressive aRd unweidiy for the work of government. Every influence was there fore set at work to prevent the change from conso dating the interests Of her population and fostering her nationality. Austria felt that the time was ai hand when Hungary must either be completely sub. jected to her wiii or fall away from her by the nat urai tendencies of her growth. We have not here space to describe all the political movements of the two countries for the last twenty years There has been much disseDsion in Diet and Cabinet. Men of
 intellect and liberal principles struggled brayey in S'N ~~uhNHS aS secret lnl- ence of the despotism. In 1855 the peasastry of the kingdom received partial eHisanchisement and part of their burden was raised from the shoulders of the Protestants. The work began by Sxechenvi was carried on by Kossuth and others, and at the close Of the year ls47 the Diet found itself in po- stion to consummate its most vital measures of ne. form. in the following March, while all Europe was startled by the sudden thunder of Revolution. that body, by unanimous vote, decreed a perfect equality ot civil and religious rights among all sec,s and classes; the entire liberation of the serfs asd their property in the ground they cultivated, rm- ofaeing halt the aIable soil of the kingdom; and system ol franchise, based oa slight property quail fcation.
 After the barricades of Vienna and the suhse- qnent change of ministry, these acts of the Han- garian Diet could not be refused the Imperial sauc- ton, and accordingly they were solemnly ratified at PTesbnrg. But the reaction was not idle, and before the summer passed away, 1t had concocted and put m operation its plans for undoing all the work It had unwillingiy allowed. While Hungary was left defenseless by the presence of her troops