The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-01-24

my inoues is that in ordinary years the upper portion
OF Canada produces surplus of about 20J.0JJ bushels
of wheat, and that a considerable part OF tits surplus is
consumed by the lower portion including Quebec and
Montreal and the demands for their shipping In 1877,
Canada produced 4,560,951 bushels OF wheat and I'M
ported gl46S bushels (includng flour and estimating
one barrel of flour to be equal TO five bushels OF wheat
making an aggregate of 553i35 bushels produced and
imported In the year she exported 0i7 366 bush
els making balance OF 1876, 900 bushels consumed at
home This il less than bushel for each inhabtant-
probably not more than half of her consumption in ordi-
nary years But the price OF wheat being exhayagany
high the consumption must have been greatly diminish
ed for the purpose of exporaiion by resoing TO he
coarser grains for do nestle use The statistical tables OF
earlier years prove he export of 1917 to have been evtra
ordinarily large Ffjm 1898 to 1913 the annual export
varied from 50 900 10 $4,000 barrels; but in this last
amount was included a large import from the United
States II is not probable that her export is essentially
different when there are no unusual causes to stimulate
exportaiion. Taking one year with another, and de-
Quoting from the entire export OF wheat from Canada
an amour, equal 10 that which send TO her, 10 Nova
Scotia and 10 New Brunswick, and doubt whether there
will be much OF balance left. In 1917 which an
extraordinary year while Canada only exported SOS
bushels of wheat over her imports we carried into the
British North American provinces alone. in the same
year. 2,27D 06S Bushels. While Canada produces less
than three bushels of wheat for each inhabant, pro-
duce more than five and half bushels for each nhab
tant while she consumed in 1877 less than one bushe
of wheat for each inhabtant, we consumed nearly four
bushels and half for each nhabitan notwithstanding
the temptation OF high prices to export and to consume
cheaper breadstui while her entire product of wheat IN
1917 four millions and half OF bushels, ours was
over one hundred and fourteen million OF bushels
Against an export OF less than six hundred thousand
barrels oil -four from Canada IN lSi7 Cher excess over
imports.) exported nearly four and hall millions OF
barrels and against export OF one hundred thousand
bushels of wheat from Canada excess overmpors we
exported nearly four million Tour hundred thousand push
els In the same year we exported twenty million Dusn-
els OF Indian corn and meal, while she exported none
The idea that million and hall OF people, about
half the population OF New York. win SOIL lar less
favorable 10 the growth OF wheat than our own, can
successfully compete with us either foreign or the
domestic Market and inlurousy Affect production with
us, with twenty millions OF people, seems 10 me very
idle apprehension Ii mas been stated on gn authority
that the entire production OF Canada, with million and
half ofpeope does not equal that OF Connecticut, with
only three hundred Thousand inhabitants. Inc more
numerous, active, and enerprislns must always have
the advantage in exchanging on equal terms The very
fact that we send into New Brunswick every year at
least hundred thousand barrels OF Hour and poba
bly, large an amount into Nova Scotia, seems to lnti
cate that we might enter into successful! composition with
Upper in supplying Lower Canada, IT all duties were to
removed Al least our SURPRISES VIII, to some extent
meet there
Looking to the wheat culture alone therefore should
have fears But if we consider the subject IN connex
ION with the export OF cattle, corn, salted meats, and
other articles, there be reasonable ground to ap
prehend that shall be losers We must be gamers
Large quantities of cattle and corn are now exported to
Canada, with specific duty equal to about 30 per cent
against them. We sent INTO Canada IN 1911 thirteen
thousand barrels of pork. and in 1917 about the
quantity, with specific duty of one dollar aud twenty
cents the cwt against The removal OF these duties
cannot but have most decided influence in increasing
the traffic OF the northwestern States with Canada
1t has been suggested that the proposed measure by re-
moving the duties the enumerated products will de-
soy the protection which those duties secure 10 our agr
cultural industry The answer to this suggestion 49, tina,
the proposed arrangement is founded upon mutual abo
lion Of du,es and that the protection extended to like
articles of the production of Canada will also be re-
moved. There be necessity OF protecting
products against Canada when she TO protect her
products against u.s. But the measure Will IN truth, be
OF infinite advantage TO agriculture Canada sends
few products to us-we send many to her We produce
corn, which she needs and which she cannot raise Her
winters are longer than ours; aud as the expense OF
keeping cattle Is greater she will always rely on Us Tor
her supplies, both tor the sEnghter-house and Tor farm
ing purposes There is now dutY Oh 81 40 a head
on cows, and ~ head on oxen, on theif IN
Portation INTO Canada. The removal OF these duties
VIII be great advantage 70 us, In short, uhder
all ITS aspects thus measure WILL on examination be al
United to be of infinite benefit to our agriculture 1t WILL
IN most cases remove duties on our products winch ope-
rate direct encouragement to their exporiauon while
the removal OF the duties on the like articles OF the pro
ducon OF Canada canne Affect US, as those duties are
chiefly on products which cannot come INTO competition
with ours, and are therefore not protective can fancy
than this: The highest species OF protection to industry
Is that which opens new markets tor ITS products In
this point OF view thus measure Is eminenty protective
Is Just, legitimate, effective protection aud II gentle
desire Gas have no doubt they do) TO advance the
agricultural interest OF the country they ought to sustain
IT,
Let me- now state few statistical idcts to the Senate
for the purpose OF showing how little influence any IN
creased interchange of products with Canada under this
bill likely 10 affect aggregate exchanges with for
eign countries
The duties merchandise collected in all the inland
frontier districts commencing at Burlington, on lake
ChampIan and terminating at Chicago, on lake Mici
l,Iio