The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853, 1849-06-30
foreign alisiellanp.
From the NJ Y Journal Of Commerce,
Review OF the Hungarian Warts origin
and consequences.


and consequences.
As the Hungarian assumes now the charac-
ter of European revolution, encouraging the Lib
eral party throughout the world and casting down
the mind of tyranny every where, we will give a
brief and comprehensive view of the development
of this gigantic movement
Ii is well known that, in the fall of lS47, (haf a
year before the outbreak of the French revolution
of February,) set of revolutionary resolutions for
reform were adopted by the Hungarian Congress
at Presbug, which removed all the burdens of feu-
dallsm and brought 1t to end. Afterwards they
granted to the tenants the right TO sell their real
estate, and 10 remove where they pleased To the
Jews complete emancipation was extended TO
the different Scavonic tribes, the of their own
language In all their interior affairs. The mobiles
yielded to equal taxes and burdens with the other
classes. The creation of separate responsible
ministry was consummated, and the first step
was taken towards separation from Austria.
The French revolution broke out, and parayzed
the strong opposition of the despotc Austrian Gov
eminent All demands of the Hungarian nation
were acceded to, and Hungary's union with
Austria became personal one, the Emperor Of
Austria was King of Hungary Revolutionary re-
form In Hungary then assumed more positive
character. General suffrage introduced, every
political prerogative was abolished, the tthe (un-
paid labor) abrogated, the union with Transyvanla
completed, the appointment of Kossuth Minister
and the removal of Jellaschich as Ban of Croatia
enforced
Meanwhile the Austrian Government recovered
from It's panic the Camarilla and Court Of Inspruck
CTyroD became more resoute, supported by the
victories of the imperial army in Italy, and by the
national eagerness, stubbornness and stupidity of
Czechs, Croats, Servans, and Ruthenens, Tall
Sciavonlc tribes In the Austrian empire.) On the
18th Of june lS48, instigated by the CamariIIa an
insurrection of the Servians in Banat and Baska
provinces in South Hungary against the Hun
garians broke out The Emperor reappointed
Jellaschich as Ban of Croatia (province in South
Hungary.) After having returned to Croatia, the
Ban declared his determination not 10 obey the
hungarian Ministry, and on the 25th Of August
this champion Of the Camarilla commenced a war
with Hungary The Righteousness of the CANA
rilla OF Hapsburg Lorrain was now evident, al
though the Hungarans made effort to
obtain from II an Acknowledgements of their
stitution. depuation of two hundred of their
representatives arrived al Vienna. The Emperor
received them coldly, and afterwards answered their
demands with all the reservation possible. The
deputation returned to Hungary, and the excite
ment of the nation rose 10 high pitch. The
treacherous Hungarian Ministers sitting at Pesth,
were dismissed, and Kossuth was elected President.
-Four days afterwards, viz, the oath September,
the Palaune Stephen, representative of the Emperor
IN Hungary, escaped from Pesth to Vienna, and on
the 26th September the notorious manifesto of the
Emperor was published at Vienna, deposing the
new Hungarian Ministers, and nominating the de-
OF the princess Sopha) to be Governor of Hungary.
This manifesto not counersigned by any of the
Hungarian ministers, was declared by kossuth null
and void. JeiaschIch, who commenced the war,
advanced to NOTWITHSTANDING, and was there de-
feated by the Hungarians, although the officers in
the Hungarian army were mostly of the old inn
perial party, and treacherous to the Hungarian
cause. The brave Hungarians pursued Jeaschich,
who fled before them the Austrian territories.
Some days before he entered Austria, the Emperor,
and the old traitor Latour resolved send assistance
TO Jedschich and TO reconquer Hungary by Scla-
yonic and German troops but this project was de-
feated by the Vienna revolution of 9th of October
The sympathy of the people of Vienna for the
hungarian nation stopped the imperial projects
The treacherous irresolution Of the Imperial Aus.
ulan Diet, al Vienna, prevented the union of the
Hungarians with the Austrian people and the dis
organization of the irregular troops of kossuth and
the fathlessness of their officers retarded the attack
OF The hungarlans upon the Austrian army before
Vienna, u II became too late, and Vienna fell into
the hands Of Windschgratz and mis- brutal bands.
SIX weeks then elapsed IN preparations for the
next onset between Austria and Hungary Both
parties exerted themselves TO the utmost At the
same time the Camarila at Omuz achieved coup
which had long been premeditated. The Emperor
Ferdinand, the IDIOT who compromised by the
concessions which he made TO the rcvolueon,
forced by the CamarIa to abdIcate, and their tool
boy eighteen years, Francis Joseph, son Of the
Sophia, was placed upon the throne. The
Hungarian Congress, relying upon their constitu-
ton, rejected this change.
In the middle of December, l646, the war COM
menced in full vigor. The imperial Austrian troops
this time surrounded Hungary on all sides. The
main army, consisting Of three corps numbering
at least 80 900 men, advanced from Austria under
the command Of General Windisehgratz. Another
corps marched from Syria in number Of 25 900 TO
80 900 men, under the command Of General No
geat. (This was the army from the VEST From
he adj ced nth
men through Croatia; and in the Banat itself, in
the South, regiments of the Turkish boundaries
the garrison of Temeswar the Servian Landsturu,
and The assistant corps of kneacin, all together
10000 men, under the command Of Pedorovich and
Of RukayIna, joined in the This the
army from the South.) General Puchner occupied
Pennsylvania with 10000 men, and General Nal
kowsky came through the Buckovna with 5000
men. (This was the army from the East) From
Gailcia, north, penetrated General Schiick, with
not less than $4,000 men. Altogether, the i'm
perial army amounted To 100000 or 100000
men, regular troops, mostly accustomed to war,
without counting the Sclavonic Rumenen and Sax
oman LaDdsturm and National Guards who, in
the South and Pennsylvania, participated in the
To this tremendous force Hungary had only
to oppose 1000 to 90, 900 men, raw recruits, and
$4,000 regulars, eX-imperial troops, and 10000
unorganized Honveds army mostly command
ed by officers unfaithfUl as those who were sent
to prison by Kossuth IN the affair on the Leitha.
BUt, meanwhile, in suppressed Austria, no more
soldiers could be furnished, and the Austrian hnan-
ces were ruined. To the Hungarians great re-
sources we're opened. The enthusiasm for liberty,
sustained by nationality, increased every day, and
offered to Kossuth immense number Of warlike
men. The Hungarian issue Of bank notes was an
inexhaustibe source Of money Every Hungarian
took these national assignats the same as silver
money. Manufactures Of gums and cannons were
in full activity. The army wanted nothing but
arms and exercise and good officers. All these
were created IN a few months
The main point was to gain tine 10 entire the
imperiasts into the interior Of te country. where
they would be necessarily troubled by the sUCuiias
to weaken their army by the necessity Of leaving
behind them strong garrsons and deiachments
The plan Of the Hungarians TO fall back
slowly-to exercise the recruits by attacks
upon the enemy--and TO defend IN the EXTREMIST
need The line Of the river Theis-a natural entrench
ment surrounded by inaccessible swamps. BY all
calculation the Hungarians ought 10 this way, 70
be able TO resist the overwhelming military force Of
ar three months b,u IN mn