The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1849-02-24

required disclose his secret and rigid examination
should be made its novelty this and other
as made with original Inventions, before patent
importation granted BY such provisions and guards The
new feature proposed may be safely introduced
putent system.
paa year attend several of the mechanics fairs which
nave been held IN various cities of the Union graed
oehs aIe 70 pear testimony In avor OF the present flourish
ing condition. ofrhe arts In this country In some branches
Of the and manufactures the beauty ingenuity and
skill OF workmanship displayed by artisans be
surpassed. They may proudly challenge comparison with
products the most sku and ingenious Of other ma
uons And what particularly gratifying is tbs fact that
every year exhibits sensible progress the de-
parments OF mechanical industry and promises very
distant period to elevate country the front rank OF
nations the abundance variety and perfection Of pro-
ducas in manufactures and other works Of art.
Tie report Of this Office upon the condition and statistics
of agriculture during the year lS4S is annexed marked
On reference to the table of the estimated for the
year lSA5 1t will be thai they exhibit generally very
sensible those of former years The careful
and scrutnzing observation Of every which at
feet the growing crops in every section of the country
during the year. which is made at this office enables me to
sAss tAAt de Paat ysef kAs been favorable TO the
growth Of the great staples ven the minor agricuf
tura products Of The Union
The quantity of wheat raised the United States during
the last year WILL according the estimates of this Office,
not be less than l26 900 900 bushels The quantity OF
produced estimated be about SIS 900 900 bushels
900 900 bushels potatoes, $4,000 600 bushels rye,
$4,000 900 bushels buckwhea II 500 900 bushels bar
ley, 222 600 bushels hay Is 1875 900 tons hemp 90
$50 tons cotton, 00J pounds tobacco 2I9 0oO
900 pounds; rice, 49, 900, 600 pounds and sugar, Gin
Louisiana, 200 000, 600 pounds
Thus will be that the agricultural productions Of
the Union during the last year are ample for the
Visions large SURPRISES wf be left for expectation other
countries.
There probably other country in the world whose
agricultural industry exhibits rapid and steady pro-
sress than that of the Uned Safes. Its population is
rapidly augmenng by natural increase and by immigration
and every year large quantities of land reclaimed
the wilderness sublecte1 The
Der of culuvaors and the breadth Of soil rapidly
creasng with each succeeding year. and Providence yet
spares favored country from the vsaons of deah and
famine which have afflicted other less favored countries the
amount OF agricultural products must necessarily increase
| in equal proportion.
Every year adds skill of our sgrcuturists and
to Improvement IN agricultural mpem and thus
the amount OF production annually augmented
The minute and searching inquiries which this Office
TO be made in relation the condition and interests
of agriculture In every neghborhood the Union enable
the undersigned TO speak positively of the increasing
uviy and energy of en,erpsing and intelligent farmers,
ana their constant advancement the knowledge and
tce of their and ranscenden arttranscendent in
portance when viewed the great minister the absolute
and necessities of and the Indispensable founda
ton OF all civilized communities and nations.
The world has, within comparatively few years. learned
that agriculture offers almost mtabe field for the
ions OF the scientific well practical exermeDter. It's
full development seems to require the application of all the
physical sciences form oiherin the analyses Of
sos IN the nature structure, and habits of plants
the food of plants and the adaptation of soils and anures
TO their susenance and growth 10 the improvement of the
and breeds of animals the invention and
provemen of useful implements and machines and finally
IN political economy which points the agriculurlst TO
the contemplation of his interests they may be affected
by the institutions and the Legislation of governments
Viewed IN this light agriculture may truly be regarded
the Important dgnlhed elevated and honorable pur-
suit in which man engage. The intellectual quahca-
lions which the cultivation OF the science Of agriculture
requires therefore, not second degree those which
necessary for the pursuit OF any other Hence
the Importance of study experiment, and close observation
on the part of the agricuurs All who may be engaged
futh tei.r L.. ~.
time nor the opportunity TO become thoroughly vsrsed the
philosophy which lies foundation but, life devoted
to its Practice the humbest viii have the time and the OPP
poruny to acquire much interesting and valuable knowl-
Al the last session Of Congress appropriation
Of ST. 900 for the system of analyses Of The
different grams produced in this country and of -four
ufacured here and exported abroad The two i'm
portant problems which deemed desirable have
solved In reference to this matter the effect of soil and
climate upon the different varieties of grain produced this
counry, and the effect of voyage ami storage upon
the -four and meal manufactured from grain produced here
and sent abroad.
/ For this important work engaged the Of Pro-
essor Beck of New Brunswick Nw Jsrsey experienced
anal yca chemist who has been occupied during the past
the execution of the Investigations conh1ed to his
charge and who has submitted 10 me most interesting and
valuable report which viii be found in the appendix the
/ agricultural report, marked No !.
! As there but little time after the investigation was
authorized, before became necessary the
work, | had not the opportunity procure many
samples of gram and -four for experiment desired
results embodied in the report of Professor Beck
receiving sampies of wheat, corn aod -four from the
ports OF the distant countries which they have been
exported and if Congress shall the appropriation
necessary for the investigation, results
be anticipated for the report from this office.
The investigation in which Professor Beck is now en-
gagged under my direction promises only results of
much scientific vaue but it will furnish very valuable
Information to the manufacturers and exporters OF -four and
grain 1t hoped, therefore, that provision will be made
by Congress for its continuance.
Deemng of importance that correct HISTORICAL satis
ca and practical Of The great staples OF the southern
portion Of the Union, which form large part of the
exports of thus country, should be given the weird IN
authentic FORM have devised the plan of nsttung close
and searching investigation into the history progress
culture and condition of the staples Of
cotton, tobacco and rice, which, if will per-
NIT shall pursue from year TO year untm my purpose shall
have been attained
employed intelligent and able gentleman Charles l.
fliechmann, Esq. TO visit Louisiana during the last
TO make inquiry into the condition and progress OF
the sugar culture State He has accomplished
part the object for which he and has presented
most valuable report, which will be found In the
pcndix to the agricultural report, marked No. 2.
As the time which allotted to him for the execution
of the investigation committed his charge sui
Gent enable him complete his inquiries. it viii be
necessary for him his abors during the approach
ing HIS report, although necessarily incomplete
it believed contains much valuable information which
will be interesting TO the public large, and particular 4
useful to the intelligent and enteprisng who
engaged in the sugar culture this country The circu-
lars from this office soliciting information upon
the subject Of agriculture very full and minute
in the inquiries which they embodied and the replies
them. Many Of them equally minute, contain a large
amount of valuable and interesting information, which
will be found embodied in the agricultural report and
az. L..