New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1849-08-23
LECTURES on HUNGARY.
by Ds KRAITsIR
corre,nondence Of The Tribune

Hungary up TO the year 1890.
He had finished the asst time by speaking o.
Hungary a. it vss virtually parti,ioned between
lsr, the Turks. who had penetrated to Buds, and
driven cut poor Loui. II. who was drowned
when escaping throush the marshes %. Zapc-
Iva that Hungarian noble who had become Prince
Of Transy lysnis. and he'd held aloof and would
not defend the King LOU. against the Turks and
5rdly, that part Of the Hungarian mobiles who
would not elect Zapoya Tor their king, bat who
elected Ferdinand /. brother Of Charles ! OF Spain
aud vas Emperor Of Germany. This Ferdi-
nsnd had married the sister Of Louis, sst King OF
Haugsry-ard intrigued to get himself elected
When thi. Ferdinand csme upon the throne, be
took the Coronation osth-gusrsnteeing the con
stitution to the Hungarians, as all the other kings
had done. admitting their right to elect their King,
promising not 10 endcavor 70 make their crown
hereditary IN his house bat to leave Il elective
recognizing their 3lst article, which allowed any
noble, any priest, 10 short any Hungarian, to rise
sgsin,t the X ng, Il he violated the constitution
Bat this very Ferdinand |. began the neiarious
Austrian system. He made ntrigues against the
constitution he had sworn % defend. He appoint.
ed all his officers sni generals, not from Hungs-
risus bat from Germans. He endeavOred even 10
dvest the Palatine OF his dignity. H. did not sue
coed in driving away the Turks.
And whom all this dissatisfied the Hungarians
and made them rebel, he, IN the latter part OF his
fe began 10 conciliate. and brought his son 10 BE-
crowned-and made promises, aud made bis son
make promises TINS son, Macmillan, who sue
ceeded IN 1864, ruled better than his father; but
10 the latter part vi his reign the Turks made pro-
gress sssn and overrun Croatls Then arose the
great Hungarian hero Nicolas Z1nyi, who wss
KILLED In a rally against the Turks with all his
garrison at Szeget, not being aided by the Aus.
trian army.
Ia 1876 Rudophos succeeded 10 the throne and
eudeavored under tie influence OF the Jesgits, 10
enforce the Catholic Religion through German
agents. He never went to Hungary 70 the Diet
during his whole reign, and al length ~as com
PEELED % resign the crown Of Hungary 10 bis
brother, Matthias H. who was favorable b the
Protestants At that time the larger part Of
Hungary was Protestant. divided between the
Heivetic Articles. the Augsburgh Confession and
the Unitarians Of Transy iysnia, 10 whom had fed
the Polish Brethren, as they were called. h
said more about Matthias II. which ! do not re-
member, except that | received the impression
that he was pretty good - a Hungsr Al King.
After him came Ferdinand II. whose name IL
80 celebrated in the thirty years war, being the
monarch against whom the Protestant coalition
wasmade and under whose auspices the King
dom OF Bohemia ~ss 50 terribly crushed
He only spoke Of this hateful King H. bis rels-
tions with Hungary and dwet merely on biz
avoring the JesuIts-thst pestiience OF every
society into which they were ever introduced.
getting possession Of the institutions Ot educatol
and cOnspiring against the spirit Of liberty. A.
Ferdin and II. deadly against Protestsnts, the
Protes ant interest set up against him counter
King, Bethlehem GabOr, native Magyar. Beth
chem Is the family name, and Gtbor IS the given
name. This IS the way the Hungarians arrange
he two names Bethlehem Gabor msde alliance
with GIsrsphus Adolphus, bat he refused 70 oe
crowned King, although he had the title and the
crown IN bis possession.
Or Ferdinand IL be said nothing but that be
crowned his son Ferdi0sud " King with the
consent Of the Hungsrians, befre he died. Al
hese Kings encroacned upon the constitution, aud
conspired agsiust the liberties OF II ingary as
uuch ss then could but In the latter part Of their
reigus they would fear that their sons would not
ne eIected-snd began 70 oonciste and prom s..
nd the neW kngs were always iuil of promises.
This Ferdinand " however died. ster all. before
1l. father. aud therefore never ruled aud when
Ferdinand Ill died. his sou Leopold. who bad
neen educated for bishop. came upon the throne.
FMS L -opold l. WAS called the Great by a gross
Lsttery, because some great events happened ~
rs time. although he did DO great deeds himself.
II proceeded 10 deprive Hungary Of It's rishts,
snd abrogsted the 3lst article of the g ,lden Bal
recuon. The prIncipslity Of Transy ivAnia rose 10
ins1rectiln, and be wss terribly cruel he SOL
Hungarian cayfiyes as slaves % the turks A.
sAieJ slaves 20 the King Of Naples. he es'ao-
ished a tribunal AZ peries where political on M
RS and Professionals were condemned without De
ing allowed trial or defence, and which was called
the bl00d-baih.
In Rudolph's time had happened the frst or
rsther the second election OF KINKS IN f0leno
alter the extinction OF the royal house OF Jaeei-
on. Rudolph intrigued 70 get an Austrian frlnce
% the throne Of Polsnd-bat 2 vain be opposed
the Poles, who after all chose Magyar noble Tor
their king-Stephen Bstory Prince Of Tfansy.ya-
uis who proved one Of the greatest kings o. 70
and. and did nothing WRONG, except N ne mao
verteuty introduced Jesuits, making jesuit Nno
vas TREND Of bis Minister o. Education. The
Jesuts had not then developed their m.cnieVons
character entirely. bat by getting the erection OF
education in Poland where education was exteu
sivey orr snized, they laid the foundation Tor ,ne
d. rnfall Of Poland, dem0ralizing the natioo' des
polling It's youth Of the spirit OF liberty oy en-
forcing their own principle Of passive obedience.
Now. IN Leopolds time, the larks were driven
out Of al Hungary. except the Bana, and Buda
vas recovered But such Vss bis cr1el and en-
crosching influence upon the Hungarian Constit1-
ton that they were kept cUntinually IN reoc'iJl'
add IN l67s made great temonsrstons oi resis'-
snce, taking advantage OF when Nara MsstAPna
advanced again with Ereat army alu u. ~ &c
assistance Of John sobieski King Of Poland, Vienna
ltseli would have fallen. Leopold owed the great
service OF not being overwhelmed By the Iarks
70 the King Of POLAND. and yet ne was not srsie-
fll enough 70 thank Tin for u The princes Of the
II use OF Austria will not even thank ther oene-
factors They have sgsin and agsn owed tneiF
salvation 10 Others. bat they have 10 gratitude
The peace Of Orlogitz provoked the hlnSHlaAs
. the greatest degree u encroscned on tner - d
siitation and vet ne mad the address 20 get ms
.1n Io.epb crowned before rs desrh. who as
eended the throne In 1905, and reizned SIX Yeas
and was. uccsedes BY his brother the Arcncake
Charles. who was III. Of Hungary bat vi as an
Er<eror Of Germany. joseph l. Inherited In
the crown Of Hungary the r-oeiiion win the DO
blss bot the oscifcston OF zaihms a. ast oroagnt
tbi. rebeuios 70 q close. 10 this pscincstion the
demands OF the Hangtrisns Tor their Constit1-
riopsl right, were ssain Acknowledged. Charles,
xho hsa no male issue. soeni bis life Ia eo-
ss.vo,ioz ~ b-iog about the Prasma-c Sanction
thst i. ne wanted the Kingdom Of Hungary, the
( inyso-, Of Boheni. &c. 10 ssree that II he died
rirbo,, male issue his daughter should succeed
.,s n .he died 81 his next brother, al after him
M. son. and dsazhta1; and IN case Of the failure
M al these the third brother, &c. r.. divided
the Hluse q Austria into Two parts, one Of which
va. Arch Duke Of Aus,ris, and tae other Grsnd
Dase of Tuscany, and ifthe Gernin b-such shoaif
fsH. rns Pragmatic Sanction agreed that he Flo.
re ,iae branch should come upon the throne OF
Hungary. BY insrigass and promises 70 H1asry