New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1848-07-26

ina-DurnftOn oil ten. thNhit"o'S <,"i'itniS-
tration. -
special Correspondence ofThe Tribune.
pm uSrrrp srArEsJ PARIS July 9. ls4s.
Iessrs. Greeiey & McElra'h
Gen. Cavaie ,ac has now held the reins OF Gov
erament for week, and has as vet disappointed
no one. Tor no one expected to ind 10 him great
man. after the fashion OF either Napoleon or Wash.
ington He has in the first place brought forward
and carried through the Assembly law for the
definite dissolution Of the National Workshops
aud that measure has been put into execution.
The pay of the men is, however continued, only
now they receive it as direct harity from the
Government, instead OF having tn illusion o! work
aud WAGES put upon the transaction. As far rs
the truth Of things goes this IS 40 doubt better
but 1t may be inquired whether il would not have
been more advantageous % get truth into the re-
aton in another way. The recipients Of the pay
were not unwilling 10 work nor would 1t have
been impossible TO find work for them which, II not
immediately profitable, would have been so ulti-
matclv. Thus the State might have been saved a
large outlay for nothing, the insurection have
been prevented, and great number Of honest la
borers spared the DEGRADATION of becoming undis
cuiscdly the recipients of public aims. 1t is re-
markable, too that the money which could not be
found 70 pay the workmen before the instruction
is found to provide for the paupers after it.
In the Bureaux OF the Assembly good part Of
the past week has been devoted 10 discussions OF
the Constitution The assertion in the statement
of rights that one Of the rights OF the citizen is the
right TO labor, has been especially theme Of de-
Il Accaspll,- in upruIp
ty In the first place, it is admitted that labor
is the sole means Of living which the majority can
have as well as the only source Of wealth, the cit
izen has right to labor, and that society is bound
10 secure him in it as well in the right Of prop
erty of personal freedom, &c. This view has been
sustained by NJ Woowski and several other Dep
utes But how shall this right to labor be secured
There lies the rub. The Assembly does not IN.
derstand by what means the individual worker
can be guaranteed that he shall never want work,
when experience shows that nearly always there
are large numbers of them in all parts of the Re
public who are out of work, or what is the same
thing, compelled to work at starving prices. If this
right TO labor is guaranteed in word, what shall
prevent it from being made nullity by over.pop
ulation, competition, commercial crises, and the
other causes that now have the laborer at their
mercy This is a question which the Assembly
does not know how 10 answer.
The great opponent OF the admttance OF the
right to labor into the statement OF rights is no
less a man than NJ. Theirs, the candidate OF the
Constitutional and the whole Monarchical and
Ultra Conservative party for the Presidency OF the
country. His speech was delivered III one OF the
bureaux last week and has been approved by the
English papers. VICTOR CONsIDERANT, the lead
er Of the French Associationsts, yesterday took
occasion to treat the same subject and, tits scarce
" necessary to say to those who have read any Of
his works, in a manner and spirit quite the oppo-
site to that Of the WORKOUT intriguer who tries to
pass for Statesman. The question occupied the
bureau through the whole day for as the Assembly
was not in session, the members were engaged in
the various bureaux or Committees. The de-
bate was tumutuous One party maintained the
impossibility on the part Of the State of keeping
such guaranty good, and the great inconveni'
ences which would result from its adoption in the
Constitution. On the other hand urged the
necessity of positive demonstration, on the part
of the Assembly of design to do something for
the Working Glasses beside talking and shooting
They bad been promised that in the Constitution
the right of every man to employment should be
secured and the Assembly was bound to keep
that promise. Moreover it was said, Labor is the
foundation of Society; without the former the lat
ter cannot exist, but must ran back and degener-
ate into the savage state. 1t was the duty Of the
Assembly to recognise this foundation it was
only Justice that in calling on all classes for sup
port the Constitution they were about to acopi
should guarantee to the most numerous and useful
class the means of living Finally, after the dis
cussion had been prolonged some time the vote
was taken, and the Bureau found TO he equally dI-
vded for aud against the guaranty.
NJ. Considerant having asserted in the course Of
the discussion that the right to labor was indis-
pensable to the consistent aud logical assertion OF
the right to property, the discussion was resumed
ON that point, and he went on to state with the
most impressive eloquence the theory OF property
aud labor. The only origin OF property, he said,
is labor the sole justification OF individual owner
ship is the creation ofthc values owned by ndivid
ual industry But what is the source, what the
first sphere of human labor Ii is the soil, and
that Soil was given by its Creator, not to one in
dividual-not to a few, but to the whole human
race Like the sunlight and the air it is the prop
erty of all the sons OF men. But for the growth
and development OF the race it has been necessary
that this common boon of Sod should be allotted 10
a few it has become their property, and We guar
antee them by law in its possession. But while
Society does this it IS bound to an equival-
ent TO those who are excluded thereby. They too,
come into the world members of the hdman family,
brothers OF the same race, endowed with the same
nalienabe right to the light to the air to the soil
Having taken the Soil from him beforehand, SOci
ETY. is in Justice under obligation to furnish him
with other instruments and means of labor instead.
These means were referred to in the clause Of the
Constitution. They consisted in the opportunity
of physical, moral and mental education, and the
provision of the teachers influences and apparatus
necessary thereto, and then especially in those
great works of public utility which should be pro
vded for the industrial armies OF France, aud by
which each individual would gain as the return for
actual services at least the equivalent OF what he
would have received from the working OF his por-
ton of the SOIL the gift of God to all his children
This brief sketch, which take from the words Of