The North-Carolina standard., 1848-07-19

present session. ..t ' -. .... p. -. - . ......
In organizing governments over these territories,
fraught with such vast advantages every portion
OF our Union, invoke the spirit of concession,
Citation and compromise in your deliberations, in
which the constitution amed in which it should
be administered, and which is so indispensable to
preserve and perpetuate the harmony and union of
the States. We should never forget that this Union
OF contederaed States established and cemented
by kindred blood, and by the common tolls, suffer-
ngs, dangers and trumphs of all its parts and has
been the augmentng of national great
ness and of all our blessings. ''-
There has, perhaps, been period since the warn
ing so lmpresslvely given to his countrymen by
Washington to guard against geographical divisions
and sectional parties, which appeals with greater
force than the present to the patriotic sober-mnded
and rejecting Of all parties and of all sections of
country. Who calculate the value of glorious
Union 1t is model and example of free govern
ment to all the world, and is the star of hope and
the haven of rest to the oppressed of every cline.
By its preservation we have been rapidly advancing
as nation to height of strength, power and hap
pness, without parallel in the history of the world
AS we extend its blessings regions, shall
we be so unwise to endanger its existence by geo.
graphical divisions and dissensons E!
/ With view to encourage the early settlement of
these distant possessions, l recommend that liberal
grants of the public lands be secured to all citi
zens who have settled, or may in any limited period
settle, within their limits.
In execution of the provisions of the treaty. orders
have been issued to military and naval forces to
evacuate, without delay, the Mexican provinces, cit
les, towns, and fortified places in military
pation and which not embraced in the territories
ceded to the United States The army is already on
its way the United States. That portion of it, as
we'll regulars volunteers, who engaged to serve
during the war with Mexico, will be discharged as
soon as they can be transported marched conve
nient points in the vicinity of their homes part
of the regular army will be employed in New Mexi-
CO and Upper California, to afford protection to the
inhabitants, and to guard interests in these terri
tories.
The old army, as it existed before the commence
ment of the with MeXico-especially if author-
ty be given to fill up the rank and file of the several
corps to the maximum number authorized during the
war-it is believed, will be sufficient force to be
retained in service during period of peace. few
additional officers in the line and staff of the army
have been authoriZed and these, 1t Is believed, will
be necessary in the peace establishment, and should
be retained in the service. The number of the gen.
eral officers may be reduced, vacancies occur by
the causaes Of the service, to what was before the
war.
While the people of other countries, who live un
der forms of government less free than our own, have
been for ages oppressed by taxation to support large
standing armies in periods of peace, experience
has shown that such establishments are unnecessary
in republic. Our standing army is to be found In
the bosom of society. 1t is composed of free citl-
zens, who ready to take up in the ser
vice of their country, when an emergency requires
it. Our experience in the war just closed fully con-
firms the opinion, that such army may be raised
upon few weeks notice, and that citizen-sol-
diers equal to any troops In the world No rea-
son. therefore, is perceived why should enlarge
our land forces and thereby subject the treasury to
an annual increased charge.
Sound policy requires that we should avoid the !
creation of large standing army In period OF peace
No public exgency requires it. Such armies are not
only expensive and unnecessary, but may become
dangerous to liberty.
Besides making the necessary legislative provis-
ions for the execution of the treaty, and the esab-
lishmen of territorial governments in the ceded coun-
try, have, upon the restoration OF peace, other
important duties to perform. Among these, regard
ooA0n ntInrn Of prNn
measures for the speedy extinguishment of the ma
tional debt. 1t is against sound policy and the ge-
MUS of our institutions, that public debt should be
permitted to exist aday longer than the of the
treasury will enable the government to pay 1t oil.
We should adhere to the rise policy laid down
by President Washington, of g avoiding the accu-
mutation of debt, not only by stunning occasions
of expense, but by vigorous exertions In time OF
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable
have occasioned, not ungenerously throwing upon
posterity the burden we ourselves ought to oear.
At the commencement of the present admlnstra-
ton, the public debt amounted to q l7,7se,799 62.
In consequence of the with Mexico, 1t has been
necessarily increased and now amounts IS S65,!1o-
$50 Al including the stock and treasury notes which
NAV vet be issued under the act of January 3d. l84
and the sixteen million loan recently negotiated un-
der the act of March 81, 1S4S.
In addition to the amount of the debt, the treaty
stpulates that twelve millions of dollars shall be
paid to Mexico in four equal annual insalments of
three millions each the first of which Will fall due
on the 3Oth of May 1849 The treaty also shPuiates
that the United States shall I" assume and pay 10
our own citizens the claims already liquidated and
decided against the Mexican republic" and :. all
claims not heretofore decided against the Mexican
government " to amount not exceeding three and
one quarter millions of dollars" The liquidated
claims of citizens of the United States against Mexl-
CO. as decided by the joint board OF commissioners
under the convention between the United States and
Mexico, of the 11th of April, 1888, amounted TO
g., ,O26,139 6s. This sum was payable in 20 equal
quarterly instalments. Three of them have been
paid to the claimants by the Mexican government,
and by the United States, leaving to be PAID OF
the principal of the liquidated amount assumed by
the United States the of 81 ,6O4 rs togeth-
or with the interest thereon. These several amounts
of Inundated - and unliquidated claims assumed
by the United States it is believed may be paid as
thew fall due out of the accrung revenue, without
the issue of stock the creation OF any addtlonal
public debt. =,
l cannot too strongly recommend to Congress the
importance of outstanding all national resources,
of limiting the public expenditures to necessary oo-
ects and of applying all the surplus at any time In
the treasury to the redemption of the debt. recon-
mend that authority be vested in the Executive by law
to anticipate the period of reimbursement OF sueh
portion of the debt may not be now redecmaole'
and to purchase it at par, at the premium which
it NAV command in the market in all cases IN which
that authority has not already been granted. pre-
MUM has been obtained by the Government on much
the larger portion of the loans; and II, when tne
government becomes purchaser OF Its own stocE'
Shall command premium in the market, 1t VIII De
sound policy to pay it, rather than to pay tne sem.
annual interest upon IT. The interest upon the ueo'
if the outstanding treasury notes shall! pc
from the end of the last fiscal year until 1t shall fall
due and be redeemable, will be very nearly eqna TO