davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08
From the Rochester American.
Language uu,l thought.

Prof. W. G. T. SHEDp of the University of
Vermont, Young gentleman Of rare acquire
ments and powers has furnished an article 10
the November number OF the Bibliolheca Sa-
era and Theological Review" on the Relation
Of Language to Thought from wLi;h we make
the following extract.
"That language has such natural and spon-
taneons origin, Is evident from the fact that his
tory gives no account Of any language which
was the direct invention of any one man or set
Of men. t, supply the wants of a nation utterly
destitute of the ability to cypress its thought. In
dvuals have bestowed an alphabet. a written
code of laws, useful mechanical inventions, upon
their countrymen, Tut no individual ever be-
slowed language. This has its origin in hu-
man nature, or rather in that constitutional me-
cessiiy under which human nature, IN common
with all creation. is placed BY II VINO sees the
end from the beginning which compels me IN
visible to become visible; the formless to take
form; the Ineligible to corporealize ITSELF
| That thought is invisible and spiritual in cs-
sence, is granted by all systems of philosophy
except the coarsest and most unphilosophic ina
terialism. 1t is therefore subject to the univer
sal law, and must become sensuous-must be
communicated
In the case of the primitive language, spoken
by the first human pair, we must conceive off
as lift from the Creator, perfectly correspon
dent, like all their other endowment, to the want
of n lining soul. As in this first instance thu
bodily form reached its height of being and o
beauty, not by the ordinary process of generation
birth and growth, hut as an instantaneous crea
ton so, too, the form of thought, language
passed through no stages of development, Ga
some teach) from the inarticulate cry Of bru'
to the articulate AMI intelligent tones of cult
waited man, but came into full and finished exis
, tence simultaneously with the fiat that Gale
the fu.lormed soul and body into being.
would not have been perfect creation, had tn
first man stood mute in mature manhood, an
that, too in his unlallen state and amidst tn
beatty and glory OF Eden
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

We have seen a new kind of Platform Scales,
patented by Messrs. Underwood g. Stevens of
Montpelier. These scales are, in the simplici-
'y OF their construction, and case Of adjustment,
superior to any we have ever seen. The bear
ings are but II in NUMBER less than in the
common Platform Scales. The levers in the
platform are two in number, with steel bearings.
The beam is an iron rod with a screw Oh the
upper half, on which runs the weight, cir
cnlar ball of iron, having the pounds and
ounces registered on the face. The face of the
ball is regi stored from ounces to go pounds.
The register for more than 20 pounds is on a
brass rule running parallel to the beam. The
weight, to within a fraction of 20 pounds is read
on the brass rule-ihe fraction is read on the
ball, at the spot where il passes the rule.
The simplicity of construction and the ease
with which, without increasing The number OF
bearings, the levers can be extended to any re.
quired length, give evidence of the peculiar adap'
talion Of the scales to the weighing of heavy
aud large bodies, and render them the best We
have ever examined for Railroad, Wharf, and
Hay Scales. II t.-. .,...r -Ir.r
Machinists speak highly Of these scales, as
being very durable and accurate.
Mr. John C. Griffin of Wilston, ia agent for
the sale Of the patent right.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08
An Interesting Doc iment.

We recently had exhibited to us, says the
New Orieaus Commercial d llatin. the original
of the celebrated letter from Gen Taylor To San
IA Anna. written on the field Of Buena Vista, in
reply rolne summons Of Santa Anna, 10 surren.
der with his army.
This document is in tie form of note, being
on a folded half sheet Of letter raper 1t is in
penc;I. written by NJ jr. nov G Il. Bliss aud
signed by General Taylor. The writing is very
lv.ill.. and is in Inc regular open hand of Col
Bliss, and with the strong'. marked signature o
Geu. Taylor. There Is nolling either IN ,h'
Tote or the signature that indicates haste bn
o., The CONTRARY. luJgi1g from the, general ap
Iearanre OF it, we should say thai bh'' the WI
ter aud the s,guer OF it wee - "a ca''n as sum
mer's morning" when it was preparei' l
As Colonel Bliss was in TIE cl'y at Inc tilnt
We sswsth s note, we took occasion To inquire
NJ him tue r,rcum stances Inder which II wa
written. ile tells us that he wrote u on lie t"E
of III. fora cling cap placed IN his knee -,'ling ~
a bank Of earth, General Taylr die ating the
tenor If IT, aud that the latter did not sign II. N
rep,,ri, on horseback. but that he was standing
by The .,ds of his horse, (Old Whitley, and lad
the anrr on the saddle, aud signed y there with
tie same peae,I with which he Col. Bis wrote
il.
IT.. qsn,l.s.n who brought Mi. doe"nen'
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

The NEXT CONGRESS. With the exccp.
ton OF one member each from the States of
North Carolina and Ohio, the elections of
members of the next Senate Of the United
States are completed, or 50 far certain that
there is little doubt of its political com.
pleXion. The two doubtful votes -. pro-
badly be Wing. TIL -est SAND wings
81 Dome - %.
In the House of Representatives there
are 23l members. or these we have re.
ceived returns of the election of 1879 he.
ing 81 Wings and 81 Demonstration
districts which in the present Congress
were originally represented by - Wings
and 65 Democrats. This is net Wing
gain Of eighteen votes. There are %
more districts TO be heard from. If there
should be no change in the politics of their
representatives, there would be Wing
majority oftrenty three, in the next House
of Representatives, Boston Adr.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

~ The Free Sci Courier desir : it to lie Oh.
-erved "tllat the n. Y Globe is MT TIC Free
Soil party. nor entitled to speak for any body in
it, unless it be the E. or Of that paper himself J"
The Courier has hit the nail on the head this
time. II isn't always SO frank though. The
Free Soil rarity. it thus acknowledges. is ami
hilated. The Free Soil paper, henccfor,h are
mt ea'a'ea 10 spcak FIR ong6ody IN The party, IN.
l'SS il he for Me Editors Themselves. We are then
ftt el 10 the conclusion, that the Free Soil par
ty rank and file has departed its life, leaving be.
hind only few war-worn sergeants empower
ell merely to dispose of the fixtures of the party
(sundry old presses, fonts Of type, &C., to the
highest bidder; the said sergeants otherwise
speaking only for themselves, and having no au.
thorty to speak for the party.
We are happy to learn that the Editor of the
Courier has determined TO make himself com.
Portable, and has under his late political attic
tons, at least reached that blissful state of re-
signation, wherein he can without emotion be-
hold,
The great globe itself
And all which it inherit dissolve;
And like the baseess fabric Of vision
Leave not a wreck behind
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

home on leave. aud is intending to return
hnnarv He came hone II is said because
could not obtain any letters from has iaIn,iy ~
months past Tne Mexican robbers never 5 ut
fer a mail to pass bv them. for they have no
tcre.t themselves in keeping up the mail es-
adjustment. NJ. Clifford had not been able
for months TO get one of his private letters BY
mail.
The NJ ,xican Minister, Don Lnis dc Ia Ro.
sas, arrived at the same time. with his lady and
child and suite. He is accompanied by Senore
Perez Gaavoli, the Secretary of Legation, and
Barrere, ii .nri, and Perez, as attaches. Mr..
Rosas will give notice oil his arrival on Mon
day, and present his letters Of credence on
Wednesday.
Mr.. Rosas was the Minister Of Foreign Af-
fairs, pending the negotiations that led to the
treaty of peace. He was an ardent advocate
of peace, both in the cabinet and il the legisla-
tive body
The Secretary Of War has received very in
teres'ng communications from California, in
regard TO the gold region. 1t appears from
these documents that the value of the gold
mines in that region have scarcely been over
rated, even by the most sanguine of the many
Adventures in mining. The documents will be
communicated to Congress, at the opening of the
| session.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08
II EUW ARD ?. GAINES.
st, Charles Hotel, \. o., June II. 1913.

MURDER AND RoBDERY.-We learn through
the ST, Joseph (Missouri) Gazette. of the 10th
inst. the following horrid account of the muir.
der Of Paymastcr Major Singer ""' ''is IAN
lily =
Just as we are going to press, we received
information that Major SINGER, paymaster of
the United States Army, was murdered and rob-
bad in dine Co., few days since. lie had in
his possession $4,000 and was on his way to
the UPPER part OF this Safe, To pay the volunteers
their thee months extra pay. Ills wife and
sster-in-llw were in company with him, who
were also murdered. 1t is supposed he was muir
dered by the soldiers who were acting as an es-
cort -
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

RATES OF WAGES IN GREAT BaITAlH.--We
copy the following article from the Lowell Cou-
rcr. The writer, Mr.. Aiken, is agent Of the
Lawrence Mills, in Lowell:
Daring the autumn Of 1917 7 visited Europe;
and while in Great Britain, spent several weeks
in the manufacturing districts. was admitted
with entire freedom to the Linen Factories at
Grcenock and Glasgow in Scotland; TO large
Wullen Factory at Leeds: 10 several ut the
Machine Shops and Cotton VI lis at Nlanches-
ter; to a Lace Factory at Derby, and to The
shops AT Sheffield ana b rminglam. Al the pro-
cesses in the several manufactures were shown
to me. and all my enquiries were answered with
out reserve, and to my entire satisfaction. The
rate Of wares paid to the operatives. and the
cost of production, were of course points winch
coull not overlook. was uniformly attend
ed by the proprietor or manager of the factory
ard the information received was Immediately
noted on my memorandum book. from which
take the following particulars regarding wages:
The operative in all cases boards himself out
of the wages paid.
in the Linen Ill at Belfast, wages from ID.
to l3l. per day average 6s. a week, equal to
$l,44.
! In the C,tton Mills which | visited at Green.
ock and Glasgow, in Scotland, wages ranged
from 4s. to IS. Cd sterling week /; average not
over Is. 3d., equal to Sls0
In the large Woolen Mil at Leeds, wages
ranged from 6s. to 10. sterling a week; average
not over g., equal to S2,l6.
In the two best Cotton Factories visited at
M ,nchester. one of them spinning fine Lace
Thread from No. 200 to No 400, and the other
spinning No. 40 Mule Twist, the average wages
paid to men, women and children, as given inc
BIZ the proprietors, was rs. week. equal &c
$s2SS AT the same time, the proprietors in
formed me, that their rate Of wages was consd.
erably above the general rate and in accord
ance with this statement, found in these two
mills much the best clothed and best looking set:
Of operatives saw in any factories in Grea
Britain.
AS another test of the cost of labor, ascer
tanned from the proprietors themselves who. il
some instances, submitted to my inspection thei
private weekly minutes OF cost, that No. 40 NJ ale
Twist was produced and packed for market a
a cost of I'd. per pound on labor. And this en-
braced mechanics and all other labor employe,
about the establishments.
Skilled labor is also much cheaper in Man
chester than in Lowell. In one mill. much lar
ger than the new mill of the Merrimack Com
pany, ! was informed that the head overlookei
having general superintendent of the Who'll
mill received Be week, equal to 81 40 a day
and the overseers of particular rooms from 81.
to 3Os. week, equal to 81 ,OS and $l,2O pc
day.
My general conclusion was, that labor in III
cotton manufactures in Manchester, was
least 33 per cent. and in the WooIlen at Iced
at least 30 per cent cheaper, than similar labo
| 1T the same time. at Lowell.
Very respectfully,
JOHN AIKEN.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

Many of the political papers of all parties are
busy manufacturing Cabinet for Gen. Taylor.
We learn from COED authority that the Cab
met will be composed Of four Secre aries of State
nine Secretaries Of the Treasury, seven Secre-
taries of War, including NJ u. Bliss, five Secre-
taries of the Navy, and fourteen Attornies Gen
eral, making Cabinet of thirty-nine members.
This will doubtless be as large Ctbinct as
Gen. Taylor will need, and probably as large as
he will appoint. We would therefore respect
fully suggest that in as much as the Cabinet is
by this time probably full. it might be as well to
let the matter drop.
We cannot understand what particular need
there is for these attempts to bring before the
people, the names of disguished men as cand
dates for Offices, which are not, strictly spealin
within the gift of the people. The only result
eventually from such course, must be disap-
poin,ment to certain cliques, and the arousing
of sectional feelings, which will, to say the least
have an injurious effect upon the harmony Of
the party
Most Of the manufactured Cabinets, we are
happy to say. we have seen in the organs of the
Democratic and Free Soil parties. Some Of
the Wing papers have, however, tried their skill
in the matter, though their number is compare.
lively small.
The fact that most Of these Cabinets have
been mate by our opponents, proves that the!
rcga d the matter as capable of being so mnye'
as to | e come an element of discord in the party
The least said about the matter then, the
soonest memied.
Gen. Ia, lor is without doubt aware that i
will dp,olve upon him to appoint hi Cabinet
And when the time comes for the appointment
to be sent to the Senate we venture to predict
that the name. of good men and true will b'
sent in, of Gen. Tayor's o,cn selection. II one
state, or one section OF the Union more thar
another seems, from the rules of political conre
.v to be "entled" to post in the c .bnet w
claim, if The right man can DC }lund in sue
state or .S,c'iOr.
b, he will not be ruled BY political courtesy
IfG,n. Taylor is satisfied that the best man i
to be found elsewhere, we have no doubt tina
the appointment " be made utterly irreSpect
i've of every influence, save that Of the stronges
feeling in The old Ieros breast, DI>INrEEEsrE
LOVE OF HIS COUNTRY.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

RESIGNATION OF PREsIpESr EvERETr.-We
unue stand that Mr.. Everett has resigned the
Presidency of Harvard College. In the course
of the first year after entering upon the office, lie
found his health seriously impaired. In the
spring Of lSi7, he communicated to his ASSOC
cates in the government of the University his
serious apprehensions that the confinement, la
Dor. and anxiety incident to the situation would
prove beyond his strength. These fears were
fully realized, in the course of the ensuing
iwelve.month.
In the month of July last, Mr. Everett signi-
fed to the Corporation that the state of his health
was such, as would put it out of his power to
hold the Office for much longer time. He
would have preferred to resign it at the last
commencement. it being the wish of the Cor
poraion that he should remain in Office ill near
the time when the vacancy can be filled. which
can only be done during the session of the l. z
stature, his resignation will not take effect I'll
the close of the present academic term, about the
mi Idle of January.
We are happy to be abe', add that degree
Of tranquility and good order, unsurpassed il
equaleI for m my years has existed Tor somt
time at the U"'vPr- t Dos. Adc
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

PENALTY FoR DISTURBING PUBLIC MEETINGS
II is stated by the Jersey City Telegraph, that in
the course Of a acent trial Of an indictment be-
fore the Hudson County Oyer and Tcrminer
for disturbing a Temperance NJ 'eling, CAiet
Justice Green g laid down the law emphaiicaly
to be, that no person, even in pursuit OF lawful
purpose, has a right to disturb any meeting,
whether civil or religious, and that by so doing
he subjects himself to the penalty of the law, and
to e arrested and removed from the meeting,
without redress-and that if the person re-
moved should resist, he should be guilty of an
assault and battery.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08
For the Free Press.
Matty's Lamentation.
TUHE-Yankee Doodle.

Old General lack
Has won the track,
And Cass is up d" Salt River"
l Maty too
Have got my due,
Oh how 1t makes me SILVER
Yankee doodle doodle doc,
Yankee doodle dandy;
The Wings playd yankee with Free Soil, ;
And playd it very handy.
And oh ! such rigs.
As run the Wings,
On Adam 5, Cas-, and me TOO,
About" Free Soi'
Which means free spo,'
And bout the cuistd Veto.
Yankee doodle say the Wings.
Yankee doodle dandy;
We play'd true yankee with Free Soil"
And pIay'd very handy.
And Butler too -...
Looks very blue,
Since things turn out 40 sadly;
But OF the host
I'm whipped the worst
And feel most awful badly.
Yankee doodle doodle doc,
Yankee doodle dandy
And Played it very handy. "'''''
But since we're beat
We mus, retreat
And each hang up his fiddle;
And let the Wings
With all their rigs,
Sing yankee doodle diddl,.
Yankee doodle doodle doc,
Yankee doodle dandy;
The Wings playd yankee with Free Soil
And playd livery handy.
Putney, w.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

PAssUMpsIc RAILRoAD.--We are told that
the business done on the Passumpsic Railroad
during the few weeks it has been in operation,
exceeds the expectations of its most sanguine
friends.
The Depot accommodations at Wells River
are being ENLARGED as the indications are that
the present building which is $50 feet in length
will be insufficient TO accommodate the freights
which will be consigned to that point. The
business of the Connecticut Valley north of
the mouth of White River has never been fully
appreciated or understood. Merchandise and
Produce have found ingress and egress to and
from this District of country by different chan
nels, partly in the direction of Lake Cham
plain-partly through the Notch Of the White
Mountains to Portland. and partly by the DIFF
ferent roads in the direction of Concord and
Boston, But the completion of 40 miles of
Railroad in the Connecticut River Valley north
from the mouth of White River is concentrate
ing the bnsness-so long divergent-into one
thoroughfare, and adding and importing new
life and activity to every branch of industry.
But to be more PARTICULAR in regard to the
business of the ro1d, it has now been open and
in use to Bradford since the 10th October and
through to Wells River since the 9TH November
The amount received for passengers and freight
up to the 10Th November was seventeen thous
and dollars, at which time the road had beer
open to Wells River only nine days. This
amount was nearly equal from freight and pas
sengers.-C aledonian.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

IL We are indebted to friend, for the f,l-
lowing literary gem. 1t was written by young
lady about 10 years old, and - handed in " to
the teacher Of an Academy in New York, as a
composition. We can assure our readers tina,
tie production is wholly and entirely original.
We give it verbatim, Heratim, ct puactuatim.
Religion is The true source Of haPp"ess.
WIZ, u world Of hcnous antcipations. Rich
or poor, bond or free, are continually seeking for
happiness in this wide & scenery, but all proves
in vain. Could we bat contemplate, that tie
prospect for future happiness is absurd. And
wealth is but small reliance 10 expatate true
happiness. We should no, look to this world
to convince the anticipation for happiness for it
is inconcehable we should not prepare ourselves
for future destination in another world where
it can be found without the least diiiicultv.-
X 'ligicn, is the true source of enjoyment. II
connected with eminence in every art and sci
ence. We should be qualified and competent
that the pleasures that we are continually in
this world amounts to nothing. The drunkard
that feels themselves happy is nothing to be
compared with spiritual happiness. 1t far sur
passes them in reality, and is so far from pre-.
venting, or disordering, that it corrobora,es and
strengthens all future happiness. The pleasure
of the wicked are but seeming and outward
But in believers it is hearty and inward. and
moreover it excels them in sincerity and truth
The true foundation and origin of happiness is
coming under stated resolution. to endure no
ou'o OF restraint on the prosecution of the de-
signs OF being happy in this world of the enjoy.
ment gifts pleasures in another world. We Of,
course enjoy little happiness in thinking on
our temporal interest, but we enjoy ourselves
more IN religious meditation and il is more sat.
is'y'ng In our worldly delights than it otherwise
would be-"
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

u See how the Hunkers poke fun at the
B.rnburners. The following is perpetra,ed by
the Buffalo Courier.
AucT1oy. The bass wood planks. scan,ling
and oiher lumber that formed the " late Buffalo
Platform" will be sold at public vendue on the
lst proximo, at the Livery Stable. Sale TO com
mence at early candle light. John Van Buren,
auctioneer. The hay that covered dad will be
disposed Of at the same time and place. The
avas of the sale will be equally divided between
Martin Van Biren, Seth NJ. Gates, Il. +. But
Ter, J. r. Giddings, Joe White and Charles F
Adams.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08

PRACTICAL AtPLlCA no, - ihe lucns in their
tnrca-light proce->luns aud other 10 hes pre,lm-
mary 10 the election, rad an immense deal of
tnn in ridcullng the poor &C nns." Tie final
hunt FIR the ydrmit. however, ended something
like the following anecdo;e -
Look ahea, sam said Western negro one
day to Il field maud over the fence III an adj i'm.
ny lot, look aea, You see lhat tall tree dow II
dar !!
Yes. Jim. does
Wall, got up dat tree day fore tomorrow.
w hat Va, YOU arer Jun!
Il was arter Il coon ; aud when Id run'd i'm
clear out TO fodder eend ob dat longest lin. |
be,rn somehn' drop. WHAT you guess twas
Sam? Dyer gib'n up! Twas DIS foolish
nigga! Eyah, YAH Like II broke ny neck
been linpin boat eoer Since
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08
Death Of Alden Spooner.

We regret TO be called upon to notice the sud
den death of Col, ALDEN SpooSER OF Brooklyn
on Friday last BY Apoplexy. H. was born in
Vermont in 1888. learned the business OF Prin-
ter with Samuel Green of New London, and
conducted for awhile the Suffolk County Hr'
aiI, at Sag Hsrbnr, and finally settled down in
Brooklyn in 1911, where for a long Time he ed
tied the Brookiyn Star, with which he was nom
inally connected ill his death, II, was man
universally respected. 10 life he was beloved
In death he is sincerely regrelted.-N. y. Pa
per.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1848-12-08
4 History and Dissertation

OF the Horse Mule, Cattle, Sheep, Swine Poultry.
~ and Farm Dogs. with con plele directions tor
their management, reed.ng, feeding, and preparation
Tor mnlket Also their diseases, and remedies. BY
K. :. Alien
nook OF great value an interest. to every one in
the country conprs, DIT pnges OF closely printed
reading matter, AMI 8 han iso.ney and durabiy
bound, and illustrated by numerous well executed
eugrlvings. For sale at Edwards the Burlington
Agricultural Ware House and nj the counting room
o! lle Free Press. Price - GEMS
Buri.n gol. Nov 3D. 'iS. d2uCf