The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-09-21

sion. Mark the decisiou--men selling vine, stsv..
Goldfish exchange, considering shipwrigh as their
inferior. The influence OF these ideas may be easily
increases the expenses Of show and a.
minishes the resources to meet IL.
knowa gentleman of noble birth, who WAS once in
afluence and high in place who has been reduced TO
earn precarious living by teaching languages. In
education he has few superors In Europe. but his
pride is SO great that he will accept nothing for his
services his friends can only compensate him by
making presents. might cite hundreds Of instances
Of the pride prevailing here more necessary than
those given.
Twenty years ago Lisbon was a wealthy city, and ts
merchants were as princely in their wealth they
were in its display even now, show far above its
means is kept up. In Gold street-so named from be-
Ing the quarter occupied by the jswellersone Is as.
and ornamen OF the purest gold The number OF stores
is very great and exeites the surprise, when
stranger stops to look at the jewelry he is as
sailed by beggars The kindness Of the Portuguese
has created this annoyance-ther frequent gifts OF
coppeIs to the beggars keep hordes Of them in the
street, and although they suffer from their illtimed
liberaty struggling their shoulders, they will excaim
Coitoda Coitadinha (poor creature, poor little
when beggar woman accosted a friend with
me and asked charity, he gave her what he
supposed to be a copper coin equal to two cents
in an hour the woman returned and handed him q
Spanish dollar, which he had given in mistake
The political condition of Portugal hardly be
appreciated and all the facts that be cited to
plain it, suggest no remedy. The struggle between
the liberal and absolute parties, already stated
ended in 1884 by the defeat of Don Miguel In three
each other under the title of Cartstas. The more
liberal portion of them victorious, and, from the
querors took the Of Septembristos This revolu
ton produced the institution Of the National Guards
and the election of Peers instead of their appointment
and hereditary continuance by the government. Sc
veral times since there have been ministerial changes
produced by the palace. or by insurrections of the
troops Reforms in the institutions have been made
and unmade time life and resources have been wasted
and the country after years of disorder suffering in
every artery has now the charter of 1926.
The revolution of 1885, which put down by the
intervention of England, France, and Spain, had it
been successful might have produced great changes;
but the popular party, beyond wishing change Of
ministry, reemed to have no programme They named
barons counts marquises and dukes aud one of their
principal chiefs wrote to the Queen protesting his at
tachment. This struggle sustained by the people
against the government but its object did not appear
to have republican tendency-making barons and
counts settles that point.
many revolutions, its resources can only be restored
by the greatest economy; but unfortunately, the
government is not in position to do this From the
pay, as well to keep down the different factions of
liberals, to ensure the obedience Of the Miguel
and as much attached to their chief as if he
were in his pamy days Portugal has for Don Miguel
the attachment that England displayed for her Charles
and James, and it arises from the cause. To-
wards his adherents system of Cancellation has been
adopted, and the government is consequently on the
alert to prevent q rising. From these causes the
government must keep up large force both civil and
military for the discharge Of the former would deprive
it of the influence Of families and the dimnu
ton of the other might excite its opponents At pre-
sent the army is fifteen thousand men, and the whole
population little three-and half millions.
The civil employees ough for country
with te fold the population of Portugal and the inte
rest The national debt consumes one-third of the
revenue The income is about eleven millions OF dol
lars and there is annual deficit made by keeping
little in with the different creditors. The
country is without active industry and taxation for
elected and in many places transportation to market
equals the value Of the produce. How can this be
NEEDED or where will it end? are questions which
preae mt themselves at this moment.
The government must keep up Q large army and
large number OF employees for its enemies are hume
the present is impovershng the country and prepar
ing difficulties for the future Where will this end
The evil is too great to be met by tring expedients,
and either radical change of government must occur,
or sale of of her valuable colonies must take
place. But the people are so attached to the lat
popular outbreak They the relics of Portu-
guese valor and enterprise 20 immortalized by Ca
moons, and it is pity that the traditions OF
the glorious deeds of their ancestors are not app.e
ciated by being initiated. Portugal yet possesses in
Africa and India an immense territory but its re.
sources have been so neglected that they draw but
little advantage from them. The sale of Macao, in
the China seas of Goa Dio in India would open
to the nations acquiring them immense and valuable
cluded. and which, II sold, ought to bring large
price In Africa, Loanda. Angola, the Cape Verd
Islands Saint Thomas and Principe Mozambique OF
NJ adseascar If disposed of, might relieve Portugal of
some OF her debts On of these colonies watch
full eyes have been kept, and public opinion has, at
various times been intensely excited, by reports of
negotiations for their sale Madeira and the Azores,
from their advanced position between the old and
world, and their balmy climate as naval or COM
mercia stations, have immense value, and, If matters
continue they have done in this kingdom, their
sacrifice may have to be decided upon. Portugal
cannot exist as nation without increasing deficits
in her revenue governmen mt, in debt to her
pioyses must, sooner or later, fall and in looking to
the means Of preventing so serious an event, none
penses. or n sale of some Of her colonies. have al
iuded to the reasons why economy in the expenses
has not been pracsed, and Why in the present con-
diton of the country, it cannot be resored to- The
expenses not being reduced and there being no sys
tenn proposed to increase the by lower duties
or by encouraging industry the must be kept
up by the present system until the deficiency is so
great that of the colonies must be sold to meet It,
public opirion here The opposition journals seemed
to have seized some Of its principles and were bold In
demanding radical changes They went even further.
Some plans organized for a struggle; but the
got information of the plot and the leaders
imprisoned. Then succeeded the events OF June
an 70 win
and this unfortunate struggle between the red and
pale republicans in France exaggerated and made to
appear terrible than the carnage at Naples, has
extingushed, for the present. the desire Of change.
have lad recently, to listen to many discussions
upon our form Of and to hear
and their to the intelligence of our people
This form Of government requiring education among
the masses, has fourished where in the United
States and It is pleasing to hear aristocrats while
act novedgiug the merits Of the masses, obliged to
acknowledge that arepublic Is the most stable form OF
government. They cannot do otherwise-for Austria,
Prussia, Naples and France, with Metternchs and
Guizots and their reigns, amidst excavations and
bloodshed
Arrcporr or rHr EMPEROR NIcHoLAs.-A gentle
nan recently from St Petersburgh tells story about
IN. Emperor Nicholas, which we do not remember to
have In print While the cholera was raging in
that city, few weeks since the delusion seized upon
some q the lower classes Of the population that they
we're poisoned by the bakers. Acting under this i'm
preston mob seized upon poor baker and beat him
30 numerically that he died The Emperor, on hear
log 81 the Transaction instituted the most rigorous
for the apprehension OF the ringeaders Six
having been arrested he fixed day for their public
chssts.mcnt with the terrible knout, in one OF the