New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1848-12-25

IL ExchpCuer ana recrcthiN " EOtcAsn HHe"s
$50, to uostsl arrangements with other countries
sly o.,ter. of appointments. belong 70 the hes OF
Nss~nstary OF the Postmaster 1enerai ano tnoee oi
r-tg.fs secretary The former "a post now hhed
~ created FOR believe the celebrated Rowland
Nsrte ..iafies Of the Clerks range from $50 70
t,a.r snnum As 10 the salaries Of Po-tm stir
81 srhest la England liverpool i 100 tSfriO
~ re lo~estis so ll43 10 year btc''ehg Ios.-
go, get 50 some instances IS and IN one case as
-. sl5 10 France and Germany me higher grades
~ - range much lower than IN England, but am
$50 % give them with precision
49, Y HisOrc0f
Pat Office had 10 isteDce Institution for
,.iu.e t toward the close Of the niteeuth century
s.fabHshmeut of posts W. can trsce - lar back As
-. Psf.ian Empire and ne reign Of Darius the Fifst
~..rafre-pondcnce beWeen julius Oesar and Cicero
honorable those established by the great Tn.
- between Britain and Rome. His xii m such
...g.ments acquired possibly while Surveyor % the
.,,.n WAY gave them speed uDsBrpasae ed ia modern
~. III tbe Introduction Of steam. Augustus snd his
-.s,ors mai1tained them on a larger scale but their
,ssr Is Indicated By the fact that hc head Of this
~ F.tsoi.hneut was toe Captain Of the Pfstorian
cd They Courier Dispatches between the
c.,snment aud the Army. Military posts furnished
,ss relays that performed the service. aud whether
,sg also confer their name upon IL j. instter
49, 81. xcographers VINO derive 10 from the past
,,rt ayie u a Latin verb may have yet 20 settle win
"a. Historians. Posts ~ ike character the Spanish
ssseutnrers found under the incas oi Peru
Inc Univer.ity Of Paris and the sf'lueni merchants
d lt.'y AID Germany following the example ni fltf
Glscrnnents cent their Own messenger ior if" r'n
,lf nee NJ letters But with the dawn oi Liberty in &c
issn ststes add especially 10 thc Duchy 90 Milan ihr
POI, Office first entered upou the duty Of serving geo
ciazsu a. well g. the Government And ihe c1nFro
r.a.vc genius Of Charles V sysiena't"d 20 '.f 'i1
rssi ooulniDns rho basis OF Dlolc and t'ca ic ni
noda'l1n. BE created the hrs' f.simasicf H'N.i"l
ks0wn o. history 10 tbs person q Le9nal1 Count of
TaNlA
Ire Poet Office was introduced into Eus'and from
fa.s lut under eccleslnstical auspices. lie rope
su6cio the chief fuucuonsry twas bui hii" usel
m fhs form md ~ length l4ng aside a. one ~ thr
uapai crcToacnnents. The ONCE Oi fOstm"tHr 1cHc.
ri n England enjoys tho honor Of having been created
sy Eilo5eth who conferred b upon Tbomas Randolph.
rraiieen OF distinction in the fJrei III service Of the
queen. whore be had acquired. A. We may presume, "a
skuoWicdgg Of the mail establishment 81 the continent
tia notable Circumstance That IN the seventeenth
esn,ury the Post Office establishment given away In
Germany. as ieudat0Iy monopoly, 20 the family q
laxls-n france Il was Get up ~ auction and iarmed
on for term Of years and 80 CONTINUED t near the
e..se VI the eighteenth century. ll3 And the same
deposition made Of il during the Commonwealth
10 England 10 the reign Of Queen Anne the Post Of
bee Department for tDe British Empire recognized
under statute OF Parliament that embraced the Amer
Colonies and provided for the esiab ishment Of one
chief letter Office in NewYOrk with others IN convent
snt places IN the other provinces.
But II long anterior ~ this-ss early the reign
d Charles lI-thlt the popular movements brought
the Poet Office irtO existence IN America, rs con
velience Of tho people, "a character Do winch Il ha1
nesef originated ia sny nation or country before.
Post once established m Boston, under John
Hcy9aid, by the Colonial Court IN 1917 and IN phia
ielpnia ender Henry Waldy by order OF William
Penn, 10 1913. The Virginia Assembly gave Mr. Neal
patsnt Postmaster General IN l692-which never
Tfny into effect Bat ia 100. Col John Hamilton Of
Neg Jersey Obtsined patent from the Colonial Gov
ginncnt for Post Office scheme tor the whole country,
which he carried into successful operation, and ior
which he obtained indemnity from the English Govern.
nrr whom suppressed by the Statute OF Anne IN
40 The iliustrious OF Franklin fret appears In
connection with the American Poet Office In ll3l lie
sas tben appointed Postmaster Of Philadelphia and
mod al ha lpuUfV POsfFnas
ief Generals of British North America IN llJJ The
ength Of the post roads in tho thirteen Colonies was
iaen l}2 miles North Carolina having the most New
Hampshire the least. and New York 81 miles. Alter
improving and charging the service and returning Ia
the British Crown. he says three times o.. much
clear revenue the Post Offices of Ireland, he was dis
missed Deputy Postmaster General 81 by freak Oi
Ministers Ia IVA But IN the year, July %, no
he was elected Postmaster General Of the United Colo
ares by the unanimous vote Of the Continental Congress
An advance oil IL years brings us to l'U the Official
documents OF which exhibit through some meagef de-
tas the extent Of Post Office operations OF the nrst
year OF tho present Government OF the United states
The whole mail service was comprlscd IN II con
scs and consisted of line of posts from Wiscassot
10 Savannah with branches Providence and Newport
10 Norwich and New-London TO Mddlet0wn 20 Pitt.
bgrgh Dover and Esston, TO Annapolis and - Nor
folk and Rchmond-upon no portion Of which was the
mail oitener than triweekly, and ON much Of II
but once IN two weeks. Between Philadelphia and
nl,sburgh complete tour wasp riormed once IN
~ days The annual cost OF the whole service was
;927O2 o.. The number of Post Oficcs was 10 and
the length of post routes was SIS miles.
II with this service of the first year compare that
OF the my eighth year of the Government We sha md
the growth Of this Institution In the United states IN
the number Of its Offices the length OF its routes aud
the frequency OF its mails unequaed IN rspidty and
by any other nation since the beginning OF time
N Conclusion.
We have 10 $50 Post Offices while those OF France
N ls47 were 35s2 and OF Great Britain including 3ot
receiving houses 7S5. We have lo32O- miles Of rail
roads and Al 5s9 miles of annual transportation OF
the mail inland What the extent of the nsportation
France and Great Britain there no statistics al
hand 10 show-much less than ours undoubtedly but
the circulation in the French mails was about no mil
lions Ut letters la s47 and in the British about JOD mil
lions, while less than 90 millions, whereas
our population is but about 10 per cent less than that OF
France and 90 lees than that Of Great Britain This
shows that make greater provision OF mails per
capita but that they less used by the pubic Ia pro
portion 10 population Than IN England OF france lhe
restcr equality of service IN aNOr OF the dispersed
and remote population and the greater absorption IN
the French and English mails of the city and town let
ters going from TO street with little comparative
loss OF accommodation our part are more than suii
Client to account for the small difference in favor Of
France whose Paris letters alone number millions
annually Not with Great Britain. For the dlher-
enc@ IN her favor we must look To- other causes-and
find them In the higher rates OF our postage sndth
defective machinery of system; both of which in
icrposo checks 20 universal resort 10 the mails
change in the mode of business at the Offices that VIII
give regularity TO the mails, more certainty 70 the
accounts aud exactness 10 all The details OF the
service and the hberszng of the system by reducing
the charge of transport will produce inevitably larger
OF the Post Office by the people, and resnii IN
vast improvement all the business and social inter
ests Of the country
remain. with the highest respect your obedieni
servant ; H. hObh'h'
First Assistant Postmaster General.
FIRE AT PEEKsKILL.-On Friday morning last,
about o'clock a IRE broke out in Peekskil, in this
s,.,s hv which the hardware store of Marshall \