The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-07-16

man; t.
Whole number Of ballots. .............. SO
For John M Clayton. ....-.... 80
for John NJ Niles. .............. 4
For John g. Calhoun. q
FOR Whham r. King .,.'.. Il
The body OF the commltee WIRE chosen on the
next ballotiiDg, to witt
Whole number Of ballots (and blank. SO
For MIR Calhoun. 80
For Mr.. Bright. -. 80
For Mr. Clarke. 10
For Mr.. Atchiton ~
For Mr.. Phelps. ..'..''''' '..'.'. .'''s. -!
ror Mr. Dickihfon $500. 49, 30
And for Mr.. Miller, Mr. Dix, MIR. Surgeon, Mr.
Benton, Mr.. Johnson, OF La, aud Mr.. Houston,
each one. Mr.. Badgers vote we did not near.
CLASSIFIED according to the resoiutions, the com
mttee stands as follows =
tlH
Messrs Clayton, Del, (chairman) Calhoun, s. C.,
Atehison, Mo-, and Underwood, Ky a ~.
FROM l...
Messrs. Bright, Ind Clarke, r. Phelps, VT, and
Dickinson, N " Total North. A. south, As
FROM rnr DEMOCRATIC PARTY
Messrs. Calhoun, Bright, Atchison and Dickinson
PROM WING PARTY
Messrs. Clayton, Clarke, Underwood and Phelps--4
Totals
The committee is thus fairly balanced IN num-
bers, between the two great parties and between
the two great sections; and excepting Mr.. Clarke
and Mr.. Phelps, we believe they are all for the
Missouri compromise. The blank vote given was
doubtless by MIR. Hale 1t must be "a source OF
his place in the Senate this mornlng to fill theya-
cancy left by the withdrawal OF Mr.. Bagby for
Russia, that his first vote (on his return to the
body OF which heretofore he has been for SO many
years a Onspicuous member) should be cast on .
question which settles tie integrity and perma-
We do not expect the committee to report bills
tor the government OF the territories. We expect
them to report back the Oregon bI with re
commentator as regards the three territories in
volved IN the dispute, the running the Missouri
compromise line straight through 10 the Pacific;
andkthat over New Mexico and California the re-
venue laws be extended, with discretion to the
President IN the interval to another Congress- in
the matter OF the temporary government OF said
territories.
The passage of the territorial bill for Oregon.
will, with the adoption OF the report thus made,
be but the affair OF an hours consideration the
question OF slavery alone having prevented the en-
acment OF the law since the ratification of the
Oregon treaty.
With regard to New Mexico, distinct terri
torial dispute remains to be tiled. 1t il lhis-
does the territory of New Mexico, east of the Rio
Grande, and including Santa Fe, and 100000
square miles of territory (more or ess) belong to
Texas or notl Texas claims lit Was admitted
to belong to Texas in the resolutions Of annexa-
ton; but Texas never conquered 1t, never occu-
pied an inch OF 1t, and neither the authorities of
the United States nor OF Texas exercised, or pre-
tended to exercise, any actual jurisdiction ever
1t, till conquered and occupied by the United States
forces, under Gen. Kearny He displaced the
Mexican Governor, and the Mexican flag from the
Mexican government house at Santa Fe; he su-
perseded, by new code of laws, the Mexican Fe-
deral and municipal statutes. He did not find
Texan in New Mexico, nor did he appear to be
aware that Texas could have the shadow Of a
claim to the territory till he received the protest OF
her Governor against the Provisional government,
which the general had established IN The name OF
the United States. as the fundamental law Of New
Mexico. Then it was that he was informed that
he had made a mistake--that Amigo was not
Mexican Governor--that the yellow people Of San
ia Fe were Texans, and that New Mexico was
part OF Texas.
The face Is, every other claim of Texas ton =.
Mexico Is utterly preposerOus. claim set up t.
California would be just as good, apart from the
resolutions OF annexation. The terms of the an
nexation are the only ground which Texas can
present as claim upon New Mexico; and this she
can only present as ground for demand that the
territory shall be coded to her, not that she pos
sesses It, No sort of sOphstry--nothing in the
way OF nngenulty-can make the boundary ofNew
Mexico the Rio Grande, as transferred from Mex-
CO to the United States. Nothing but a special
act can make the river the eastern line of New
Mexico.
IN jnstice TO Texas that act ought to be passed,
notwithstanding the deception in the business OF
annexation. The United States cannot plead the
plea of ignorance in violation of a contract The
contract requires the renewal OF the existing title,
and deed in fee simple OF the territory. Texas
may admit the trick, and plead to the letter and
the spirit of the parchment. She may plead that
II she had not conquered the tcrrIt, ry, she would
in due season have despatched another Santa
Fe expedition, which would have gwen her a valid
seded the necessity of the expedition OF General
Kearny. But 1t happened otherwise. The terri
tory was conquered by the United States, and not
by Texas II Is to be paid for by the United States
part OF the territories ceded under the late
treaty, independently of the cesslon Of Texas.
New Mexico is therefore territory of the United
States and the question Is not does it belong TO
Texas but shall 1t be given to Texas in virtue Of
the compact Of anne xation!
Ii will have to be done-the boundary Indicated
by the resolutions OF annexation requires it; and
under those resolutions, indeed the territory to
the Rio Grande became part OF Texas, with the
ratification OF the late treaty with Mexico.
Admitting, then, that the territory to Me Rio
Grande belongs to Texas, it would only be neces-
sary to extend the line one mile west from the
western bank of the river include all of The ter
ritory that is inhabitable. Westward from the
narrow. border Of the Rio Grande to the lofty
mountains which overlook the Pacific, distance
OF 700 miles, there will be no necessity for any
government save the flag OF the United States
Within this longitudinal iine including the small
remnant west of the Bravo, of New Mexico, and
eng 100000 square miles of California, there will
be no necessity for laws to protect free labor or
slave labor. Why Because it is desert,
wild, blank, bowling wilderness of confused noun
tains, OF bald rocks and plains OF scorching sands;
a chaos OF volcanic ruins-a volcanic waste, not yet
cooled down a region, as described by Colonel
"ot fracture, of violence, and OF fire."
What we expect, then, at the pre- sent session (of
the Senate, at least) is the extension OF the Mis-
souii compromise to the Pacific; a territorial go
vernment, and regiment of horse for Oregon,
the revenue laws over New Mexico and Califor-
MIA, and discretion to the President for the go
vernment OF these two territories in the lnterreg-
mum to another Congress. And that will do
THR DOCTOR
WASHINGTON, July IA, 1913