The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-01-10
Herald Foreign Correspondence.

OF opposition against introducing in the
arts and agriculture. Owing to the same cause, or
rather to the indifference with which thy viewed
the country is without railroads canals, magnetic
telegraph, and from the spirit now prevailing the
try may remain without these of communication
for another century For this state of apathy there
apology the country Is densely populated the people
without employment labor Is cheap, and the roads
In the most miserable condition Here taxation Is OPP
pressvey heavy yet the falls far short of the
expenditures. Owing to tho immense number Of once
holders, third Is consumed In collecting It, But
heavy duties and taxation not the worst features Of
the present system large portion Of the revenue IL
farmed out to contractors who realize immense profits
by their special privileges Those who have It, true
the highest bidders but the evils of the system are
the governments that formerly tolerated IT, Vss,sl.
arriving here visited and revisited to prevent snug
Cling by the government boats to project its interest,"
and by those Of the contractors to protect their priv
sges The unsettled state Of the country for the last
twenty years has crushed enterprise and has infused
into every department Of business the feelings and ami
mositiss engendered by party strife. Your political
friends are your customers, and your dealings depend
upon the shading OF your opinions Ths country has
had long and severe struggle, in which ts interests
have been sacrificed and In every respect but politics
tho people seem to wish to lead passive existence To
recolect what Portugal was three centuries ago. and
what she did In her day to merit the sympathy Of
present sge, must feel sad in viewing her splendid
influence OF the brseses prevailing here which, with
proper effort, would watt to her port the wealth Of
however,
has been badly govsrned-not from the want of great
occasionally during this long period to drect her
Interest,": but hsr legislation has Dssr ID opposition to
be found In the treaties concluded at various times be-
tween this government and that Of Great Britain The
one made with Cromwell allowed the English greater
privileges than were enjoyed BY the Portuguese They
were exempted from many of the laws ana at times
ercised colonial jurisdiction over sovereign peo-
pie. The spirit Of that treaty continued
In subsequent ones, and under them the Portu.
annk NV hat hair trad both
carrying and carried on in English vessels
This did not arise from want OF enterprise in the peo
bv their own to their rivals The fs1ors to
the English did not end here. Portugal excluded by
countries by allowing those Of England to be imported
at a much lower rate. At present these privileges
bly, iojured BY their long continuance. The only
remains of the past are In court established here
for the trial q civil and criminal matter. in
this government Even thi: Win shortly cease, for i
was but revived while the usual laws were sus
pended during the Revolution.
The seizure Of the squadron OF the Junta party OF
youon Which threatened to ohsnso the dynasty
Kingdom IL unexpected by the Junta. In the
ming before occurred they despatched two schoonss
filled with soldiers which were allowed to proceed by
the English feet Not having been molssted, they
turned in the morning, and general enbarhaton was
about leaving they ordered to surrender, which
they were obliged to do, owing to the superiority Of
their opponents HAQ not the intervention,
the Junta party would have triumphsd All the
Of discomfort yet exist and tho elections to take place
at tho end Of this month may end in IN outbreak.
Import duties a. before mentioned ere enormously
heavy They are sufficient to encourage manufacturer
had the country fuel aid water powers but being with
out these the high duties only encourage smuggling
almost prohibit consumption. The duties levied per
weight without regard to fneness cost the effect
which h that the goods by the people pay
more than the articles BY their lords Those in
power we'll of the impooy Of the present sys
tenn but as essenng the duties would lead to greater
iUnnO tatin Natal
than the present system they decline making change
The high duties make the people economical II at the
strong feeling against everything foreign The dear
est rights Of the people have been sacrificed ct the die
limit the consumption Of foreign goods, and prevent 10
certain extent the expectation Of specie less
popular with those who bear tue burhens than could
be supposed
Perhaps there other people who bear prvation
like the Portuguese and they submit to wrong sys
tenn OF taxation without murmuring They seem in
different to everything but politics. and that all their
passions find employment. Revolutions, owing to the
long before their and almost openly organ
sed before the attempts to suppress them
Here the party In power can siwsys its parti
xsns The public empioySs the soldiers and the batta
ons OF volunteers registered; this they get
from government, favorsbly viewed for tn time they
ttng them to VOTE while against the opposition
verest scrutiny is exertsd and income Of hundred
tsrpretsd not coming within thelsw person
90 annoyed that he nsgees his rights The voting 10
Dy Ballot but the party IN power have hsr tickets
prevent imitation; and whom the balIos are
to make things sure agents open them TO that the
hrelings vote as ordered
With such state of things, voting idle form,
emo the nu%s,r thus s1se
the number OF aepirants much greater Rewards 10
and promises TO the other leave the opposition no
chance of success When the elections over, revo
utipns commence. The people, whose great virtue 10
patience, finding that leg. means give no remedy
sort to force and IL not for the fear Of exciting
nsurection the majority would govern far Also
utey In addition to the losses caused BY revolutions
Of Son vSo.s not.s rsrs legal and to
tsrfeit which capital crime are now ut deprecia
tion Of 90 per cent little ever ago the stock
Of this institution 80 per cent above par By the
1t drained Of specie, and suspended the pay
mspt Of its notes. Another institution, in the
rated with It. and the projectors Of the union while
specously endeavoring 20 make good bank OF two bad
hs
10 not known For dues to the government, ene.hslf
is payable in these notes and the public creditors
must receive them In the same ratio. The amount
Of notes in circulation is very great, and, to
lessen It, the Minister Of Finance has formed .
lottery Its capital Is two and one-bsf millions Of
dollars divided into prizes varying from hundred
to two hundred thousand dollars. The premiums are
payable in tho banks notes and when collected are to
be publicly burnt The prises will be paid In govern
nov At y per cent as the interest is not regularly
half million. Of Bank Of Lisbon notes into the same
amount Of stock The plan is very attractive and all
tn. tickets will soon be sold The hope of getting high
prise, in q country where commerce and industry are
crushed far outweshs the desire to keep hand the
deprecated notes Lottery ofces abound IN this place,
and the tickets subdvided that the shtes purse
may crafty its hopes The price varies from Eve cents
upwards the tickets bearing fair proportion to the
high prizes less discount to the intermediate brokers
who seA them The poor the greatest speculstors
in this game and suffer much by the loss Of their time
and money
For large city and the capital Lisbon IL very dull
Judging the people they appear at present would
pronounce them eedate and melancholy Here ehe ell.
mate 10 delightful and beautiful sky than that
which canopiss tho Tsgus, cannot well be imagined
The country produces everything to make the people
gay and cheerful and cannot account for their want
% vivacity with ideas OF the influence OF southern
sun. stranger will be pleased with Portugal; the