davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Weekly miners' express. (DuBuque, Iowa) 184?-1849, 1848-10-03

AN ABSTRACT Of the Returns Of votes
given for member Of Congress in the First
Congressional District in the State of Iowa al
the General Election held in the several coun.
tics in said District on the 7th day of August,
A. D. lS4S.
Weekly miners' express. (DuBuque, Iowa) 184?-1849, 1848-10-03

France.-In France the Bonapa rtis:s
are moving with the view to elect Louis
Napoleon TO the Presidency.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
A Good llove-A Suxg estiOu,

The Committee on Steam Boat Navigation,
at Cincinnati, adoote memorial and sent on
two delegates, one from the Pilots, Lei,is War
den, another from the Engineers, Capt. ". F.
Faiier, TO Washington, to secure ths passage Of
proper laws respecting steam boat navigation.
Now, would il not be we'll for the Chambers
of Commerce Of the three leading cities Of the
West-Cincinnati,L Louisville, St. Louis, to Sc
cond this mOvs2 Ought they not, indeed, to act
in concert, and to do all in their power to make
the navigation on our rivers saferl
No accidents occur on the mail line between
Cincinnati and Louisville. Ii is rarely that any
mifortunes befal boat we'll commanded by
intelligent and careful officers. Yet strangers
step on board all our boats with fear! You
hear them ask for birth aft, and enquire
twill there be racing" what's the character OF
the Captain, &c. An efficient law will secure
proper officers on all our boats, and efficient nc
ton will ensure the passage Of such law.
viii the daily Journals OF the ciliea ramed
give to this subject passing thought Will
they call upon the merchants in them to Join in
the philanthrophc endeavor Of a few men in
Cincinnaii-chefy those interested in the river
trade-to get proper laws passed by Congress
IL they will-if the mercantile influence can
be roused-so as &c get the ear of members and
senators in Congress, We shall soon have legal
enactments which will render such accidents a,
we have TO record weekly, things of the p,lst.
We urge upon the public, attention to thi.
sub ect, as it involves safety to life, aud security
to property.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
Congress Peace.

The New loan bill is undergoing very thor
ough discussion.
Mr.. Vinton, Chairman of the Committee Of
Ways and Means, Feb, Sth, pointed out alledg-
ed errors in the estimates Of the Treasury for
the present fiscal year, and great probable
errors for the ensuing-thus:
Instead Of loan Of sixteen il will be neces-
sary to raise between twenty-three and twenty
four millions.
Instead Of the revenue being thirty five, il
will be less than twenty-eight millions for mex,
year.
Instead Of the expenditures decreasing, they
would run up to sixty-five millions if the war
continued.
Instead of a small deficit next year In the es-
Inmates, il would be thirty millions
The debate on the Ten Regiment Bill still
continues-It is thorough and searching. The
probabilities are, that il will not pass the Senate,
if, as is asserted, Senators Hunter, of Virginia,
and Niles, of Connecticut vote against it. Indeed
the Bill may not be necessary at all-for those
best informed, and in the habit of speaking for
dnfmt not only tndt tnsrc
is the prejd of a treaty, but that the advice Of
the Senate will be asked upon it, by the Pres
dent If asked, the advice will be almost unani-
nous, il is positively declared, to accept it.
This is the belief at Washington. The Ma
tional lntelligencer gives credit to this rumor.
Our private information says it is true. We
must conclude, therefore-as all parties, we trust
hoPe-that peace is not far distant, even
though the news from Mexico speaks Of new
levies of troops SC. We subjOin the following
statement:
There is little doubt but, notwithstanding the
various shifts and devices to induce a contrary
belief, that proiet Of Treaty has been agreed
to by Mr.. Trist with the Mexican Commission
ers-The Washington correspondent of the
Baltimore Sun, on the 9Th inst, advises
That the treaty, in a ratified form, is expected
by the next arrival from Vera Cruz-that when
it comes il will be submitted to the Senate-that
but little difficulty will be found in the way OF
ratifying it-and that it is probable we shall
have peace before the first Monday Of May next.
Should there be any points of disagreement,
that commissioners will meet at Havana, neutral
ground, as at Client formerly, to settle them.
Mr.. Trist will not be the Commissioner, thou Oh
Col. Benton may
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
The Contrast.

And the saddest of all A contrast between
manliuess and the want of it.
These men, ministers and politicians, get up
N the free States and denounce the negro, not
merely as being fit for slavery, but as being in
capable of progress. And they endeavor legally
10 prove it.
Public characters, and members of Congress,
not content with this, seek every way they can
TO rouse the prejudiees of the South, and girdle
them so strong as to render emancipation i'm
possible. 1t was but the other day that Mr..
HENLEY, noticing Mr.. Palfrey' speech in the
House Of Re representatives., and promising fsalty
to the South, remarked, "that the speech Of the
gentleman met with the entire appreciation of
the Wing party of the South"
Do these individuals suppose the South to be
blind1 Do they, Wing or Democrat, take the
Southern people to be fools ? They understand
these things. They understand the men who re-
sort TO them. Does not the history of the past
prove this1 If any doubt, let them go back, and
ask, where those who, TO crafty slave-hold
ers-to play into their hands-became their lick
spttles, and they will find them, not merely de-
spised, but kicked out of the way, by the very
men whom they sought TO serve
How bravely, in contrast, do such men as Judge
Bullock stand before all eyes, Southern aud
Western, where they assert, amid slavery, that
the negro can, under genial circumstances, rise
up and progress well as any other cIass-that
then his nature will expand, rs il has expanded,
into the proportions Of moral and intellectual
grandeur. Here in Kentucky this distinguished
man boldly says, when referring to the deterio-
ration of the black race:-
The eve of reason discerns the cause in the
nature OF man. He is oppressed. The motives
to exertion, and the rewards to virtuous ambi-
ton, are denied him. His pride of nature is sap
ped at the root and has nothing to sustain it.
Tell me not that the cause Of his inferiority is
to be found in his nature. That nature is the
gift Of God, endowed with the capacity and
clothed with all the attributes Of a man.
Are Southern men who so talk and think,
(and where one intelligent and christian citizen
among who holds different viewl, to be
cheated, hoodwinked, by the Spaniel fawning,
or low trucking, of heartless trafckers for mon
ney or place or position. "The Ours" said
Rsndoph-"they should have the mango for
life" And they will be marked, through
life, as if they had it,
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
Ills even So

For all who would do good--who would live
that the world may be wiserand better--there is
but one cOurse-patience and perseverance. We
cannot jump to our end at bound. There is
no such thing as doing what is to be done at
once. A contemporary quotes from an old Po-
EN-, (the choice of Hercules,) which illustrates
this thought beautifully:
"The steep ascent must be with toll subdu'di
Watching and cares must win the lofty prize
PROPOSED by heaven, true bliss and real good.
Honor rewards the brave and bold alone;
She spurns the timorous, indolent and base;
Danger and toll stand stern before her throne;
And guard $50 love commands) the sacred place,
Who seeks her must the mighty cost sustain.
And pay the price of fame, labor. and care, and
pain"
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19

The faith of the MussleInan is gone; his pride
broken; the genius of his religion forever de-
parted
The Mahommedan stood alone. In dress,
manners, belief, and everything else, he held
himself sacred all others beside, barbarian. The
spirit of the age has cleft in twain his rude big
otry, and now the SULTAN OF TURKEY has grant
ed full and free liberty to Protsstants in all their
temporal and religious affairs.
1t was day of solemn rejoicing when this de-
cree came forth. The Christians met, and thSnk-
ed the living God, for the great and glorious
change. And free men everywhere will sym
pathize with thern-for what is it but another
proof that man will do right, that the truth will
by divine aid, penetrate into his heart, and break
every thrall with which sslfishness, sensuality,
or sin bends and keeps him down
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19

The Intervention Of England and France Is
likely to be abar doned. Such was the belief on
the ii tn Nov, last
Rirera has been exiled. The f-sebooter,
Gribaldi, was on the river, destroying life, and
seizing property. The Pirates at Paranas had
been routed il 10 hoped he will fall next.
Nothing definite from the war in Corientes-
Slavery in Brazil is on the lowest scale Of hui
man barbarity. 1t is monstrous in all its bear
ings A case has Just occurred which illustrates
its barbarity, and the Internal spirit which the
pirate traders with Africa manifest
In September last, a young negres' came to
the British minister's some four miles from Rio.
She could only speak her native tongue He
kept her for three days. Liette, a slave trader,
claimed her-Lord Howdsn replied, ''she will
be found at particular place-prove that she is
native born, and will deliver her up" This
proposition was declined; for the result would
have proved hifn guilty, and subjected him to
legal punishment,
The negress some days after, was seized, and
taken off by an overseer of Liette's. The moment
Lord Howden heard of the act, he gave pursuit
Single handed he walked up to the overseer,
threw him down, tied his hands behind him, and
marched him into town, distance of four miles.
There he delivered him up 10 the minister Of
Foreign affairs. The Government promptly SCI
about the affair, and did, what it should, to ex-
pose the offender, and protect the innocent
When the Packet sailed, the negress had not
been discovered. Doubtless she will be, and the
scoundrel Listte properly punished.
The bravery of Lord Howden had won fol-
him the warm regard Of all parties-Americans
English, and Brazilian.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
The Rr1ena.-yar. Henley.

Mr.. Henley, Of Indiana, when a petition hav-
ing nine thousand Friends names upon il pray
ing for peace, remarked in the House:
J. That memorials of similar character had
before been presented. When these memorial
lists call upon them to feel their responsibility
on this subject, they indirectly churged that
Congress did not feel such responsibility
charge which was false.
He was proud to acknowledge that there were
many Of this denomination in his own district
some of them his relatives-but they have uni
formly been opposed to every contest in which
our country has been engaged-they opposed
the Revolution, they opposed the last war with
Great Britain, and they are now opposed to the
war with Mexico.
They have allowed their peculiar notions 10
exceed their patriotism and love OF country.
They now ask that we shall make peace at all
hazards-not such peace rs is demanded fof
the maintenance of our honor and integrity
He respected these people, but had no respect
for their opinions on this subject.
We had reason to believe that they have the
fraties of human nature as well as others, and
are no more conscientious than other pee
pie.
| Mr.. Henley does the Friends injustice. We
know not what we should have done without
their aid in the Revolutionary war. Washing
ton in the gloomiest period wrote to Rober
Morris for money. Congress had adjourned
| The treasury was empty. Most of the wealth,
citizens of Philadelphia had fled with thei
means. While meditating over the gloom,
prospect, Robert Morris met Friend, whe'
the following colloquy ensued:
"What news7" asked the Quaker.
| al require ten thousand dollars in specie,
said Morris, "and you must let me have IL
Your security-my note and honor"
"Robert, thou shalt have it," was the brie
reply.
The money was paid, and sent to Washing
ton. He put himself in position, at once, I
meet the enemy, and the victories Of Trento
and Princeton followed. From that hour, vic
tory perched on the American banner.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
shall IN be said Of nee

The Montreal Herald, Montreal contains
$4,000 people, and the district adjoining it,
900 ,000,) Of the 22d, says:
"Out Of eighteen Grand Jurors for the Dis
trict of Montreal-the District which surrounds
the Capital Of Canada-TEN MES, one of whom
seems 10 be Irish and the others French Cana
dians, CAN ONLY MAKE THEIR MARX. IL this
does not show the necessity for providing in
struction and for compelling the unwilling to
provide if need be, we know no means of for
cling conviction. We can think of nothing
more disgraceful 10 the civilization that We boast
of-thOugh certainly with very little reason
than this gross ignorance among a Get Of men
chosen account Of their superiority Of station
from the CAPITAL District. We could, perhaps
scarcely expect from such Jury much atien-
ton 10 that most valuable Of all restraints
against crime-the knowledge and the habit OF
reading and writing"
Tkis making their mark, Is it nota sad sight
for freemen to behold-a sadder act when free
men must do it. Yet what county of our State
where tens, nay hundreds may not be found
who can only make their mark !
Some people cry out against the expense OF
public instruction Why, it is the closest
economy-honest, sure, sauing, to spend all
that NAV be needed for education-all in every
wav, for the best buildings, best books, bes
teachers. best instruction. Ignorance Invariably
and always, makes the community pay heavi,
ly. Ii is the source of heavy taxation. Lee
that people then, which desires good government
and cheap expenditure, look first and last to ed
ucation-nOt partial, not shallow, but thorough
in every particular
:.
pie than the people Of Boston Where wiser
more practical, business set Of men Yet un
der circumstances calculated to annoy and irri
tate, even when pauper hordes are poured on
from over-stOcked Europe upon her shores; sh
saws: 'sturn them not adrft, but get hold of tn
children-and educate, educate, educate-thi
is the cure for them, remedy sure and speed,
for Us. against crime and TAXATION" Hear tn
official language Of her committee on instruc
ton:
sour system Of Government supposes edu
Gated citizens aud will not be safe unless gu
citizens are more or less educated. Now Their
are great masses coming IN upon US who are no
educated. except 10 vice and crime; the crea
lures or the victims Of the in ustice or the Op
preston or the over population of the old world
For the education OF these, ddaH and Jurfniie
not only must provision be made, but means
must BE- used to render the provision effective
- Unless they are made inmates of our schos
many Of them will become inmates Of our pris
ons; and il is vastly more economical 10 educat,
them in the former than TO support them in the
latter
And is not this true Is it not more esOnO,n
seal to educate them-to educate all in schools
than to support them PauPers and Migrants
or in prisons
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
Going Backwards.

There is huge slave pen at Washington, and
Alexandria is great slave mart.
In 1902 the Grand Jury asked redress of Con-
gress for these nuisances. In 1916, Judge Nor
rel charged that body against them. In 1927,
the Alexandria Gazette said:
"Scarceiy week passes without some Of
these wretched creatures being driven through
our streets. After having been confined, and
sometimes manacled in a loathrsome prison, they
are turned out in public view to take their de-
parture for the South. Not unfrequenty
they are hand-cuffed and chained together
Here you may behold fathers and brothers leav-
ing behind them the dearest objects Of affection,
and moving slowly along in the mute agony of
despar-there the young mother sobbing over
the infant whose innocent smiles seem but to
increase her misery. From some you will hear
the burst of bitter lanentation; while from 9TH
ers, the loud hysteric breaks forth, denotng
still deeper agonies."
In ls2s, petition signed by more than one
thousand citizens, was presented to Congress
praying for the suppression of the trade. In
1899, the Grand Jury of w ashington urged up
on that body, the exclusion of this disgusting
traffic from the district" Yet in 1898 the laws
Of the Capital of the nation contained this en-
actinent
+" For a lieence to trade or traffic in slapes for
profit, four hundred dollars"
Where is the old spirit Of the South Oh !!
that it burned as II did in past days. Never
would it tolerate such avarice, or lust, or be
content to hear the chains clank in its ears -
"In what" asks the Mem Ories ms Courier, (" is
this mode whit better than the one from AZ
RIGA" We do not see how Congress can sit
still, and behold men and women, and children
mustered in gangs, without an effort to arrest
it-by law, to crush the disgusting trade forever.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
Corrections.

In the article on Population an error occur
rcd in the first table which we supposed we
had corrected for the last issue. IL relates TO
the population Of the slave and free States in
1890. They stood follows:
New England, New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania
contained Sos, ASS persons.
Slave States 1861 ,372
In 1910 for our object was 10 show the diff
ference between the slave and free States) the
census showed this result:
1910
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North
and South Carolina, Georgia, Ken
Free States named above -6,767 ,0S2
See the progress Of each. Slave States, in
fly years, had increased, one hundred and
seventy nine per cent. the free, two hundred
and forty per cent. And which had the
advantage Which was richest in soil, re-
source, climatel The slave beyond all ques-
ton. Yet the free increased with sIxrr-FoUB
per cent. greater rsPidity.
The article on first page, Of same issue
"Effects of Slavery on Industry" was wrongly
credited to the Era-it was taken from Mr.
Parker's letter.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19

II We do not reserve the right to guard slave
owners in this territory, their saves will be set
free, and, therefore, We will bind You ON this
point" A
Gsorgis in 1909, when slavery had grown,
and the slave States were jealous of their pow
er--Georgia ceded to the United States her right
TO the disputed territory Of Mississippi and
Alabama. Did she leave this an open question:
Had she any doubts an to the power Of Con-
gress over such territory Was there any part
of the slave Statea--was there one Statesman in
them, who doubted the right of Congress, to
remove slavery, nay, the positive effect Of the
law TO establish therein freedomf Not one.
Slave States, and the Statesmen Of the slave
States, agreed in opinion on this point. They
knew that the territory would be free, must be
free, il no reservation were made In The grant.
Georgia, therefore, in the articles of cession and
agreement, stipulated that this new territory
slould BE- ereepted from thot article in the ordi-
nance Of 1857 wtieh forbids slarry1 Could
there be fuller acknowledgement of the rid
of Congress over terriiorlesl Could therey(
a palmer admission that freedom must reign in
such territory unless the right to held slave.
was made part of the grant1
But enough. Slavery cannot be EXTENDED
into free territory. There is no law to sustain
no power to create, the evil therein. II woul,
be monstrous usurpation to attempt--a cowar
dice, as base us irreligious, to tolerate slavery
when so established. The South will never b,
guilty of this wrong while she has aught o
msnlinsss in her, and the free States could neve
submit to it were it thus perpetrated, il sparl
in them.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
The Fact.

"a correspondent" does not like our "view
Of the theory of slavery and of territorial rights,
and thinks neither ''has prevailed at the South"
We wish he had been more explicit. We
suppose we know what he means; but we are
not certain Of it. II we err, he can correct us
II not, We should like to have a reply. We dis,
like mere aHtagonism; we write what we be-
lieve to be true; and an inquirer and searcher
after truth, we weigh carefully, and consider
well, whatever friend or opponent may urge for
or against our views. VIII not a correspond
emit" and We may add ga STAKEHOLDER" meet
us in this temper7 If so, we predict, there will
not be long wide difference Of opinion between
us.
What is slavery
Not in the North-man's opinion-not in
the foreigners-fOr we take il, [" a correspond
ent'' restricts his view to Southern men. So be
it. And let us, looking beyond individual nance,
however high, or church declarations, however
solemn, ascertain, first, what Southern Courts
the highest judicstures Of the sLaUe States-de-
clare to be the right, and the law on this SUBJ
ject- Their decisions, certainly, will be admit
ted as binding. If uniform, few would have the
hardihood to dispute them.
What, then, is slavery in this view 2
One Of the ablest lawyers, and purest men, we
have in the West, defines slave thus 4: " A
slave is person held as property, by legalized
force, against natural right" But Whence is
this force obtained ? How does the individual
get the authority to exercise it 1t is " by aid
of the public force of the community''-and,
therefore, slavery is local, municipal. On this
point all Judicial authorities agree.
The Supreme Court Of Louisiana we take
first, as being most Southern. In IL Martins
Reports, 400, that tribunal says:
The relation of owner and slave is, in the
States Of this Union, where it has legal exist
ence, creature Of the municipal law.
The Supreme Court Of Mississippi comes
next In some respects this State is more liable
to pro-slayery influence and prejudice than Lou
isihna- The commercial influence Of New Or
leans and the French law, as well as French
feeling-oPerate in certain way in favor Of free
dom. Yet the Judiciary of Mississippi is not a
whit behind the Judiciary of Louisiana. See,
for instance, Walkers Reports, pages sc, IS,
Harvey VS.. Decker, State vs.. Jones
"slavery is condemned by reason and the
laws of nature; il exists and can only exist
through municipal regulations
[" Is il not an unquestioned rule, that, in mat
tiers Of doubt, courts must lean in favorem yitn
ct libertatis 3-that is in favor Of life and lib.
erty.
" The right Of the master exists, not by the
n sha Ia Of n L.. A.
virtue only Of the positive law Of the State"
The same doctrines are held by all the slave
States Even South Carolina and Georgia af.
firm them. Let us, however, refer TO our own
courts. In 2, A. X. Marshall 467, the court Of
Appeals, Of Kentucky, declare:
'Slsvery is sanctioned by thelaws Of this State,
and the right TO hold slaves under our muniei-
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-02-19
Slave Ira ders-

DIR. J. w. Lugenbrel, of Liberia, writes home
that the slave trade last year was greater Il an
ever. The slavers slip in during the night
load, and sail again,without even coming to I'm
Choir
Capt FLowERr, of the Spitfre, who was con.
demned, and afterwards pardoned, was repor led
to be off Gallinas, IN a New York pilot boat
Suddenly she disappeared. Doubtless she Lad
on board her full compliment of doomed vic.
Tins. ..t..