The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-07-08

In less than thirty days Of Canton aud other prrt.
China.
In this vast region whose rich ar. soon N
be developed by energy and entcrprse great
must be the aueme n alton Of commerce ami Nth
It, new and profitable demands mec tnic la Dor In
all its bIaneLes and and valuable markets sr
man ufactures and agricultural products
While the war has been conducted with great hu-
manity and forbearance, and wi h mpete success
on our part the peace has been uciudsd terms
the most liberal and magnanimeus to Mexico. In hcr
ha nds the territories now ceded had RENAL ned aud,
1t is be we'd, would have continued to remain almost
uncccupied and Of little value to her to any other
nation Whit rs part Of our Union. they will be
productive If vast benefits to the United States the
commercial world and to the general interests of
hind
The immediate establishment Of territorial govern
nents and the extension Of laws thee vaiu
able ossessions deemed 10 be not only i'm
but nsab- to preserve order aud tbs doe ad-
mnstra,ion Of justice within their lin t., to afford
protection to the inhabitants, aud To facilitate the de-
velopment Of the vast resources and wealth which
their acquisition has added to our country.
The war with Mexico having terminated, the power
OF the executive to establish or to continue Temporary
civil governments these territories which existed
under the laws Of nations whilst they regarded
ceased by their cesson to the United States Mexico
has no longer any power over them; and. until Con-
gress shal act the inhabitants will he without any
gan'zed government. Should they be left In this
diton. confusion and anarchy will be likely to prevail
Foreign commerce, to n considerable amount, IL now
carried In the ports Of Upper California which will
require to be regulated by our laws As soon a. our
system sha be extended this commerce, revenue
Of will DO Mt once collected and
1t is not doubted that IL will be annually increased
For these and OF her obvious deem to he my
duty earnestly to recommend the action Of Congress
on the subject Mt the present session.
In organizing governments over these territories,
auaht with such vast to portion OF
Union, invoke that spirit OF concession, cone Ia
tion and compromise In your deliberations, in which
the constitution framed In which 1t should be ad
minstered, and which In inds pcnsabe TO preserve
and psrpetuate the harmony and Of the States
We should forget that this union Of confedeaed
and by tho common tolls suferiDgs dangers, and tri-
umphs OF all its parts. and has been tho augment
ing source Of our national greatness, and Of all
blessings.
There has, perhaps been period since the warning
70 mpressively given to his countrymen by Washing
ton to guard against geographical divisions and Sec
tiona parties which appeals with greater force than
the present to the patriotic, sober nded reflect
ing Of all parties and of ali sections of our country
who calcuats the value of our glorious Union
II Is model and example Of free government all
world and Is the star Of hope and the haven Of
the oppressed Of every cline By its preservation We
have been rapidly advanced nation a height of
strength power and happiness, without parallel in
over new regions, shall DO unwise endanger
Its by geographical divisions and
these distant POSSESSIONS / recommend that liberal
grants Of the public lands be secured all citizens
who have settled, or may In limited period settle,
In execution Of the provisions Of treaty orders
have been isued to sur military and naval forces to
evacuate, without delay the Mexican provinces eies
towns and fortified places in military occu pation
and which not embraced in the territories coded to
the United States. The army Is already its way
the United States That portion Of IT, as we'll regulars
as volunteers, who engaged to during the war
with Mexico will be discharged ~ soon as thew can b
transported marched to convenient points in tho
vicinity OF their homes part of the regular army
Will be employed in New Mexico and Upper California
to afford protection to the Inhabitants and to guard
our interests In these territories ~
The army, as it existed fore the CONNIE cement
OF the war with MextcOespecally II authority be given
to all up the rank and file of the several corps to the
maximum number authorized during the war It IL be-
loved, will be sufficient force be retained service
during period Of peace few additional onicers i'm
the line and staff Of the army have bee n
establishment, and should be retained in the service
The number of the general officers may be reduced
vacancies occur by the casualties Of the service,
While tho people Of other countries. who live under
forms Of government less FREQ than own have been
for ages oppressed by taxation to support large
armies in periods Of peace our experie has shown
that such establishments in republic
Our standing army to be found in the bosom OF So
ciety 1t IL composed Of free citizens, who are ever
ready to take up arms In this service of their country
when an emergency requires IT, Our experience in the
army may DO raised upon few weeks notice and that
our citizen soldiers are equal to any rocps in the
world NO reason, therefore, IL perceived why
Al ould enlarge land and thereby subject the
treasury to an annual increased charge
sound policy requires that We should avoid tho
uon OF large standing army In period of peace No
public exigeney requires It, Such armies not My
expensive and but may become dangerous
TO liberty.
Besides making the necessary legislative provisions
for the execution Of tho treaty and the establishment
Of territorial governments In tho ccded country we
have upon the restoration of peace other Important
dntes to perform Among these regard no ne as more
important thu the adoption Of proper for the
speedy extinguishment Of the national debt. IL Is
against sound policy and the genius Of our nstisu-
ons that pablic debt should be permitted TO exist
the government to pay Il Oh.
r. We should adhere to the wise policy laid down by
Of debt not only BY stunning occasions expense,
but by vigorous cxsrons IN time to discharge
ungo ntrousy throwing upon postcrity the burden
ourselves ought to bear. !"
at the commencement Of the present administration
the public debt amounted to $17ss78o g. In couse-
qutnco OF the war with Mexico II has been necessarily
increased and now amounts to $6577s45o Al, inclnd-
ing the stock and treasury notes which may yet be Is
sued under the act Of January 2 1S7 and the sixteen
million loan recently negotiated under the act Of
In addition the amount Of the debt the treaty ti
pulacs that twelve millions Of dollars hall be paid to
Mexico In four equal annual instruments of three mil
hons each; tho first OF which Will fall due the 30h Of
May, 1870 The treaty also stipulatcs that the United
States shall 'sssume and pay to citizens the
lean republic and "a claims not hcretofore decided
against the Mexican government Ito amount not
The claims Of ctsens Of tho nj Ssascs
against Mexico "a decided by the joint board Of com
missioncrs under the convention between the United
States and Mexieo. Of the 18th Of April 1880 amounted
TO $4,000 139 g. This was payable in twenty equal
annual insnlncnts Three Of them have been paid to
the claimants by the Mexican government and two by
the nitcd States leaving to be paid the principal OF
ths h1uidated amount assumed by the United States,
thereon. 1hese several amounts of laujdatedo and
manipulated claims assumed BY the United States Il liz
believed may be paid they fall due the aceru-
ing revenue without the issue Of stock or the creation
Of any additional public debt.
cannot too strongly recommend to Congress the
Importance OF Outstanding all national resources
oi the public expenditures to Objects
and OF applying all the surplus ct any time in the
treasury TO the redemption Of the debt. recommend
that authority be vested in the executive bv law TO
anticipate the period o. reimbursement of such por-
ton OF the debt may not be redeemable md
purchase IT, at par or at the premium which IL may
command in the market, in all cases In which that
thorty has not already been granted. premium has
been obtained by the government much the larger
portion of the loans; and IT, when the government be-
Gomez purchaser of its stock 10 shall COMMAND
premium In tho market, It will be sound policy to pay
IT, rnther than TO 10y the semi nual interest upon It.
The interest upon tho debt II the ousts
notes shall be- funded from the end Of the fiscal
vca uuti hall bp will 10