The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1848-04-08

rent to every body who will look AT ;he map,
aud learn any thing Of the matter, that New
Mexico cannot he divided 10y the Rio Grande,
a shallow f0rdube river, creeping along n
narrow vulicy,a1 the base ofenormous noun
lains. New Mexico must remuin together,
aud he a State with 10000 people, aud so IL
will he. aud so will be California.
Suppose Texas TO remain unit for the
YreScnt,--lcI il be one State for the present,
sill we shall have three Suites, Texas, New
Mexico and Caliiornia-nnd we shall have
Ihen sir Senators for less than 100000 peo-
pie. We shall have as many for those 3OO,-
900 whom they will represent ms for New
York, PENNSYLVANIA aud Ohi0,with their four
ar five millions OF people: and iIiats whdi
Nou call equal government Is not this enor-
nous? Have gentlemen considered it-haye
they looked at il? Are they willing TO look
it ia the face and then say they embrace 1t?
! trust in God that the people will Ieok nj II,
consider i,--and rQiectit
And now let me add that Ibis dsprOporion
eon neuer be diminished itmUst remain for
ever. How will you go TO work TO diminish
IL? Texas with her 10000 people, forms
one State. Suppose population TO How IN;
where will il go; moi 10 the densey settled
portions but it will spread over the whole
region; il will go 10 the places remote from
the Guc-to places remote from the present
capilnl ofTexas; aud, therefore, so soon as
there arc in the north part ofTeXas people e.
nougl Ia satisfy the conditions Of the const-
ruiion afthe United States, for the formation
vi new States, new State may be formed;
and then we shall have another new State
made. do not doubt il is all cbalked out now.
Then, as TO New Mexico there can he no
more people there than there are now. The
man is ignorant, stupid. who can look upon
the map and see what that country ~, and
suppose that it can have more people than II
has now,--sone sixty or seventy thousand. II
is an old settled couutry,--he people living
nlong the bottom The valley, uron the two
sides Of the garter which stretches through 1t
aud is full only Of land holders and nser-
able peonS-and ii can susiain,not only under
.lheir cultivation, but under any cultivation to
which the American race Ayih submit, no
more people than are there now. And two
Senators will come from New Mexico with
'its present population, TO the end ofour lives
and those of our children.
And now how is il with California? We
propose to take California from the 47th de-
gree Of north latitude TO the 81. We propose
60 take ten degrees along the coast of the Pa
ci6c. All along The coast for that great dis
iance are settlements and villages and ports;
and back all is wilderness and barrenness
aand Indian country. But ifjist about ST.
Francisco and perhaps Monterey, emigrants
enough should settle 10 max, up one Stnie,
Ihen The people 500 miles off would have n
nothcr State. And so this disproportion of
she Senate TO the people will go on and must
go on, and we cannot prevent il.
say, sir, that according to my conscien-
IiOus conviction we are now fixing on the
constitution Of The United States g. lis frame
ofgOvernment,a rnonshos;iy,--a disfguraton,
an enormity! Sir,I hardly dare trust myself.
don't know but may be under some delu-
sion. don't know but my head is turned.
IL may he the weakness ofmine eyes that
forms this nIonstrous apparition! But IT
.spay trust mysef; if may persuade myself
ahut nm in my right mind; then it does APP
pear 10 me that Vein this Senate, have been,
and are acting, and are likely 10 act hereaf-
ser, and inlul ediately, Il part which viii form
abe most remarkable epoch in the history of
our country.
hold i, TO be euormous;hugrant,- AN out
rage upon all the principles Of popular Re-
publican government, and on the elementary
provisions ofIhe constitution under which we
9ive, and which we have sworn TO support.
But theU,sir whit relieves the case from this
enormty? What is our reliance? Why is it
shat we stipuate that these new States should
only be brought in, al suitable time And
pray, what is 10 constitute the stitabeness
of time? Who is TO Judge Off? Hell you,
sir, that suitable time will come when the
preponderance ofpGrty po,cer here, makes il
necessary 10 bring in new Suites! BE assur-
e6 IL will he suitable time when Votes are
wanted i'm this Senate. We have had some
little experience ofthat: Texas came in at a
suitable ;ime'-a Uery suitable time! Texas
finally admitted in December, 1S45. My
friend near me here for whom have great
regard, whose acquaintance have cnlliya-
sed with pleasure, (Nlr Rusk.) took his seat in
March. 1916, with his colleague. I'm July,
1886 these two Texan votes turned the bal
ance in the Senate, md overthrow the Tariff
of 1912, in my Judgment the best system of
revenue ever established in this country.
Gentlemen on the opposite side think
otherwise. They think it fortunate. They
shink TINT wa a suitable time, and they mean
to take care that other times shall he equally
suitable. understand it perfectly WE'LL
That's The difference of opinion between me
and these honorable gentlemen. To their
policy, their objects and their purposes the
lime was suitable, and the aid was efficient and
decisive.
Sir, in 1850 perhaps similar question may
DE agitated here. Ii is not likely TO be be-
fore that time, bat agitated it will be then,
unless a change IN the administration of the
government shall take place. According to
my apprehension, looking at general results,
as flowing from our established system of
Commerce and Revenue, at about 1850, in
engaged in a new revision ofour system ill
the work of establishing, if we can, a Tariff
ofspecifc dnties,-of protecting, If we can,
our domestic industry and the manufactures
{ the country.-in the work OF preventing,