The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-06-28

was Of totally different character II was project
Of law, with provisions 20 be enforced, and to
eoutrol the inhabitants of a district Of country
more than two hundred thousand square miles
in extent. II was eminently q practical Ques
ton. 1t concerned not only the authority OF
Congress to egslats the territories Of the United
States but it might affect for an indefinite time the
political and social condition Of the future mi lions
who have TO cover the hills and all the valleys Of
Oregon And IL aac 90 the mag nitude Of the sab
ject that IL should be discussed with calmness and
ithout aspery OF feeling or language In the course
Of the debate this bill and other kindred topics
riou propositions had been suggested and defended
with ability One asserted the right Of the citizens
Of State to into any territory belonging to the Unit
ted States aud with them whatever is recognised
property by the local authority State another
assumed an inherent right in the Inhabitants OF terri
tory to regulate their domestic concerns for them
selves without being overruled by the supreme poit
cal power to which they subordinate He believed
there question which lies beyond all these pro-
positions, and which if it can be ory answer
ed must be decisive of them all, because IL includes
them Has Congress power under the constitution to
regulate the political and domestic concerns Of the
occupying the public domain while thew are asqu
ring the requisites usually exacted condition of their
admission into the Union! He believed the Affirmative
of this question to the unlimited extent in which he
stated it, could be satisfactorily sustained lst by
temporaneous exposition % by judicial interpretation
and Sd by the whole practice of the Cover from
Its foundation to the present day MIR. Dix then pro-
ceeded to support these positions by variety of argu
ments He placed the power of egisat for the ter
ritores that clause of the constitution which
horzed Congress TO make all needful rules and regula
lions concerning the territory and other property be-
longing To the ned States lie reviewed the history
of the clause in the federal constitution, and quoted
the 3Sth and AID numbers Of the Federahst to show
MIR Madsons construction Of after it was engrafted
upon the constitutions and also the declaration of Mr.
NJ in the House of Represe in 1890 that Con-
had to legslate the subject of slavery in
the territories of the United States MIR D. then COM
merced review of the acts of Congress in respect
the Of the territories, commencing with the
frst Congress and running with current of authority
uninterrupted and almost unopposed, through more
than half century TO the present day. Mr.. D. then
quoted various decisions of the Supreme Court of the
int, fho t,,tar
system of rules he said would be safe if their authority
could be disputed and overturned in the face of such
comprehensive ana long-contnued sanctions. Govern
men law social aud political orler-a would be nsa-
BILE and worthless if their oundations could be Slapped
and undermined by logical subtety and ref nement-
by new versions of the constitution ut with its
ancient interpretations and running ter to the
whole course of the public administration from the
lest periods of time Here Mr. ID said he dismissed the
question of power he had succeeded in maintaining
the affirmative. something, nevertheless remained to
be said power might be possessed. and yet it might
not be right exacti Its exercise must be justified
~ considerations of public private advantage. 1t
must not work public private wrong. He would say
nothing, in this case, about private interests There
proposition to interfere with slavery where it
existedno proposition to restrict the exercise of pri.
vate rights within the sphere the local
under which they arise. 1t was question of allowing
slaves to be carried into Oregon, of prohibiting their
Introduction He regarded this question of extend
ing slavery and such he should treat it, Those who
oppose the extension of slavery believe such
tnds to tho multiplication of slaves On the contrary
Is conended that such extension does not increase
their numbers but merely spreads them over a
OF 'Aucr Held lie Delefeu this last proposition Ut
terly inconsistent with all the received laws of
population. The tendency of the human to
increase in compound ratio of the extent and produce
tveness of the surface which it is sustained He
tered into elaborate argument to prove this He
fsrred to Missouri almost wholly north Of 80 deg 80 mn
where slavery had rapidly increased He said, extern
sion in point of surface multiplication in point of
numbers. The two propositions nseparable, both
in reasoning and practice In this point of view the
extension OF slavery especially territories in
which 1t did not exist, n reproduction the orgi-
nal responsibility of introducing it, and as such it had
he yrpat mas If
munity could not be indifferent. Mr. d then glanced
at the rapid extension of people, and to tbs
large and constantly increasing additions to
beers from abroad. He said there nothing in the
history Of society calculated to exa spectacle
present-receiving into the bonds of friendship aud
admitting to the rights of citizenship emgrants
from the over-peoped and over-governed
tries of the old world. This growth, from causes
internal and external, must give us at the close
of the present century hundred millions Of in
population to conrist This was one Of the most
important problems that could be- prese nted for the
ton OF this problem must depend the prosperity of the
community or communities they will constitute, and
their ability to main tain such form of goyernmen
will secure to them the OF political liberty and
advanced civilization. He believed that the
black population of the North did not increase
He doubted whether they fully reproduced; they
always be degraded let the liberal and the
humane do what they will Was it the part of wisdom
humanity to increase extend such a race. What
true policy and duty! We should not seek to
divert the current Of Immigration from abroad Every
dictote of huma nifty would repel and condemn it, 1t
in the vast and fertile OF the West tho
pressed and needy multitudes of the old world must
lind the food they require and the rewards for labor
to give them the spirit and independence of
freemen. He held it to be sacred duty to devote
these spaces to the multiplication of the white race
and TO discourage the multiplication Of every other
No man could hesitate to say whether the condition
Of the country in all that it's government,
would be most likely to be promoted by peopling it
with the race from which we are sprung, with the
descendants of the Ethop and the CafIre We of the
North had a deep interest in this question and
could never consent by any act, by inacton, by
quiescence expressed implied. to the extension of
slavery to territory in which it does not exist lie
believed this practical question: that slaves would be
carried to Oregon if they were permitted to be carried
there The climate was totally different from this
1t was far milder Besides the prohibition in the
laws of Oregon adopted for the express purpose
Of keeping slaves out. A few had been carried
there More expected And this prohibition
was made to exclude them. Shall repeal this pro-
hibition' Shall we refuse to extend to Oregon ex-
emption the inhabitants asked for themselves. Shall
we, by our decision solemny pronounced here. de-
clare that slaves may be introduced against the wish
es OF the inhabitants This was the question present
ed TO usa question OF forcing slavery upon Oregon.
against her own prohibition. MIR Dix then reviewed
the provisions of the 18th section which the Senator
from n G. (Nlr. Berrien) had moved to strike out
and he said though this section excluded slavery by
sanctionng the prohibition in the laws of Oregon be
preferred the ordinance of 1857 and at the proper time
he intended to move il. amendment equivalent
oft He then reiterated the positions he had taken
the three million bill than a year ago which
he said he should maintain with the firmness which
ought always to accompany settled convictions Of
right and duty: and he concluded as follows-s.I
conclude BY saying. for the state of New York.
feel authorized to say by her legislative resolutions
that while she VIII maintain all the compromises of the
constitution and willie she will oppose, as unauthor-
lied and disorgauizng, all interference with slavery
in the States, she will consent to its extension
TO territories where il does not exist where it is
prohibited On The contrary, she will oppose all such
extension by all constitutional means of evil ten
dency IN government wrong in itself, and repugnant
TO the humanity and the civilization of the age"
On motion of Mr.. CALHOUN. the further considera-
ton q The bill was postponed till tomorrow at y
O'Clock
Mr. ATHErToN moved the reconsideration of Mr.
Yulees resolution passed the other day. separating
the naval appropriation bill from other financial bills
and referring it to the committee naval affairs.
which w.sa agreed to.
After u conversation between Messrs. ulce and
Atherton. the resolution rescn1ed
\ number Of private bills-reief SC. taken up