New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1848-12-20

In tie first Lecture Of his regular Course on
Geology delivered 81 the Tabernacle Monday night
Cr. BoYNToS brought forward interesting views
y. Cosmogony forming the natural and appropriate
Introduction all strictly Geological specula
Iicns end Investigations. lie stated that the most
abundant indications 10 be found in every direc
ton Of the fact that this Eerth not only but ihs, al the
Planetary bodies or ginaly existedn melted or auid
state, caused b. the operation Of heat
Il 10 well established law that all bodies IN fluid
state, while 81 rest and with equal pressure on all
sdes take the form Of perfect sphere II Is another
equally well established law ,hs, when any such sphere
in iis hvid condition sput in motion around 10 own
axis II begins 10 bulge Out around is equator and 10 be
sattened al the poles Of is axis law which op
erses equally upon single drop Of water upon the
Aquid Of a forming world
II, til another natural law thst this tendency Of
ard body when rotating 70 depart from the form OF
p-rfec, sphere and assume that q oJstc pheroid
argmeu's i1s; in proportion 70 the rspdy Of the mo
ton which is communicated b H. the quantity u mst
GER ard rs specific gravity These principles were Illus
tat ~ series 81 cNpefinenfs showing the elects Oh
motion mater, which were extremely simple end
well adapted 10 give perfect comprehension q the
subject
lie then made on application of these principles 70
the revolutions relative distances velocies and spe
gravity Of the various planets Of our solar System
showing tha, the form Of each the degree 81
~ I4ftrDg ~ the poles and prOtuDereuce around lie
cquatJr--s In precise accordance with that which
liquid mass 20 cifeurnsa1ced would sssume-tLa, Il D.
cay while revolving around its axis with the speed Of
the planet In quest Oh, and provided II had the same
spec tc gravity and bulk. Thus, for example, the
l'snef Earth which his a specific gravity almost i've
',.les greater thsn water with diameter Of -U0l
20 and revolution once Ia - hoursis 30 hattsucd
the poles cause difference bctWe cen its eQua
toria ard polar dsncters of something more than 90
ues while the planet Jupiter with specific gravity
noi far from that Of water with diameter Of oAoOJ
miles and revolution n I'D huurs - 90 hattened tnh
ts aisnoers equal by the distance Of 600
nilcsthc degree ~ htitenng IN each case being in
occordauce with the several ndtOns above spec.neo
Hence the forms which bodies assume, grant ~
thern To- be fluid and rotating, sub c To matbemat
teal lsws - thai the quanuy OF specific gravity and
re- idy of the revolution being gwen for mass az
matter ;he mathematician would be- sbe 10 tOretei he
precise deeree oi departure from the form oi perfect
sphere whgn must occur or, reversing the process
and tho quantity the speed Of revolution and the OBJ
s"-~ed urm ~ planet being given, he can approx
ma,c the specific gravity Of the mass.
ihese same laws applied t. Saturn account tor the
very remarkable structure of that Planet lts diam
eers being unequal by the distance Of 1900 miles aud
matter probably Of less specific svty than the Planet
Itself having been hroVn quite OF by the centrifugal
force from the solid body OF the Planet has formed two
Rnhcent rngs around s equator. The size OF thes"
rug the largest Of which = about 200 VO miles In di
omcter corresponds with the rapidly OF their revolu
tons and their distance from the body Of the Planet
70 inst that 1t which the centrifugal force s Overpow
cred by the grhvitHnn OF the body OF the Planet Inc
motion cot person situated the outer surface Of the
larger of these rings and at M equator IN passing round
tf common axle would bee ~ the rate OF 10000 miles
In ten hours ia round numbers. while upon the equa
tor OF our globe hc would move only % 900 miles n
twenty -four hours
The lecturer on TO show that the law governing
the smallest portions a. matter was the same a. that
which given shape thete immense cirdes Of that
planet tie here Introduced an interesting experiment
by giving rotation 10 quantity Of coiored num con
tsued Ia ohlse sper0d glass which arose from rest
ing upon the bottom Of tho vessel and converted
into beautiful and perfect aud apparently self support
Ing ring around The center Of the globe.
The Lecturer then proceeded o. account Tor the eX
iseuce end the positions Of the Aatcroits. which he
stated % be ten n number by the recent dscoverics
upon the same PRINCIPLES ne those 1st stated lie rca
tea their names and history of their discoveries These
bodies occupy portion of space between the orbits OF
Mare arf Jupiter where according g. BODIES law o.
relative distances. there should De- large Planet Now
II larger mass Of merely homeog matter once
existed here arapid rotation may have fret expanded
Il triO rings which fings may then have been broken
into Fragments, since The tendency IL first simply
hsen body Al tAa poles then 10 throw OF rings from
the center then 60 CONVEX, the whole msss into rug
rings and finally % y into fragments according 90
tie various degrees Of rspidty In the revolution OF
bodice and he degree Of attraction among the part
ccs Of the mass. by this tscturo OF rings into irsg
meats. each fragment would be- thrown on into space
~ tangent of the circumference of the ring at tic
point which the fragment ocoulicd AT The moment OF
Ns being discncagcd and hence In different directions
'his accounting Tor the eccenrc,y Of their orbits ani
thcr departures from the inclination of the echptic
and tors also dispensing with al necessity for resort
ne 10 the old theory OF Sn explosion OF planet by
means of combusiible materials IN its interior
AZ this poin; the lecturer passed 60 tho sun of our
system, and stated the theory Of mctcorc showers As
lc'ung from the nebulosy OF that body spoke OF the
.odiaca light and the probability of our suns being
ncbu'sr star then % the fixed Stars, and spoke Of
their motions around another and several around
one compound center OF gravitston. while the whole
Heavens, moving in grand procession in one immense
orb around common center requiring is 900 600 years
. complete ono revolution At the rate of about = 900
miles IN hour.
Tho lecturer then descended 10 the Earth and
cluded by some general statements recommending
with It's original state Of huiity, the cooling OF the
mass, the formation OF s crust the condensation oi
vspors tae srhsidence OF the ocean sc preparing the
wsy Tor the sGb'cQGeni lecture
From China.
The lnl.nMlnr Is I'm extract nl q laiier from q