New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1848-12-30
DR.. Boynton'. Third errnre on Geology.


svey The polt9ns a3 down sI re secouc Lecture o,
the colrse 90 tae primitive sna rnstaH.or2l c rocs,.
which are des-frts 0f III traces ~ vegetable and -ni
IA lie. ard ,hsr proceeded % The r.l..iers;.n u
TIE superior strata a. hsh a. TIE Coal beds. cafag
toe whole period Of animal a.i vegetable pro5acaln
prior - the existence q the sr5res;hng animals -
TIE lowest stratum Of rocks deposited during Pc
rod and consequently the arst in which fossil remains
are found. i known A. the Camorau or lover siunan
| group.
TIE remains found n the lower port Of tbs group
ar % the very lowest forms ~ iie Ioe Fegetal.es
were not on such grrE I re sea but Ttrr u Che
coarsest and n0.t imperfect tr1s 90 sa ants. and
compare with the rn1-- inferior which are now pro
duced. TIE basis of iairs fc q stomach. Iue.1s
est order of snma. creations n1v eEstng consists %
tr more th-r stomach An animal of thi- class 8
simple sscs 5sg. open % hotn eNtre mites. giving
ouuortuu-- fIr tn water o. lsS through AID wlen
ever snv nltrneut u ffus brought INTO lr cavity TIE
an.ra. closes ore end d.-ests s-t as-inlstes 70
food and ect- refuse matter 40 the came extle-
10y II Inch % . received Ilese animals A. proNmaie
60 nearly O. tlr nature NJ v"Eetsti.s ttat -hY 81 i've
and grow when cur nfl pieces ahd a-g ar pf pas-tf
bv uniting the ys-ts of rf1sreuf sulmss by process
/ similar O. -raitr. in the hf-fifue hn-1on- lle5
appear ~ he destitute of any nervous or circulating
| system. 10 animals OF ths sPeci-.-tne hytroides-
historically lrst the traces 90 tnt-r carly eNst
euce are necessarily i0sf, -s tn ud nave -ct lc
hind them nothing Ike shells or hard parts capsule OF
| being preserved.
than the Hydroides and strictly intermediate be-
tween gege table and animal being The nesf grade OF
animals above tro-e fret described are the Acilne-e
secretins within their bodies small grsnule 90 the car
/ Donate OF lime.
Related TO these are the animals which torn the
Coral rock Thee. series az auns'- ati-cnrd o.
each 0ner with their tesny pars outside % toe na-i
portions which remain attached n me same posinQn
I after the animals die
The Cora animals have formerly been thought O. 1e
engaged 10 constructing The Cora rock sui tneir indus
1 b q q H4f. q f.. H..a ia ia. 1
mistake The anms s entirely lnc0nsCi us 1i sny &c.
sign The construction OBJ the rock not the execution
of plan nor the result oi an instinct IN the snins
bat mere deposit 90 4t may De- called iis bones or
what ansWers % the bones n ether animals The bones
of al warm lo0ded animals are formed ~ the csrno
nate and phosphate of lime 0l the phosphate 1i lime
Is wanting ia toe bJny structure NJ me Inferior animals
ne Coral animal secretes the carbonate oi line 81 tlc
sJid portion Ol rs ugu body and t IL this which con
sututes the Coral rock Do e n0 more matter 20 De-
gn on tie part of the animal thsr he growth oi our
I bones within q matter 0i design.
The Cora rock j. nol me residence of the Ioylus
but BE- contained within 10 con parts and . stcreted
hx. the bones of animals Ihsle animals nave done
more than cay other add % the Of cartn
forming numerou. ledts and reels 90 the ocean, ~
tending Tor hundreds 0 milCs and rlslg ~ the .uV
water mark thus constituting the basis o large islands
The living Coral d0cs not extend downward more than
eighty feet eO that 10 seems probable mat the na
80 rock which goes down much beyond This distance
/ has gradually sunk while the animals have conunlt
10 grow upward They have existed IN All the yeol1
Logical periods. and their remains are inunl IN a t
mates almost 70 the Poles. wherever the -hurh and
other losierous rocks occur, yet living Coral only
found AZ the present day ia the Iorrd Zone or nch US
borders. Hence u 10 rendered certain mat tn tom
yerature OF the Ocean once much higher On ~
present doubtless from the eject oi the internal nest
Of the Globe.
| The Lecturer next described the Enchrones. which
are found IN great arun1sncc particularly IN the STU
T. the bottom shallow waters by stem aud panded
their tO catch the food which tncy assisted
10 conduct the central opening or mouth by gyDs
motion 20 the water. The remains OF t1rse animals
form vast beds of rcck Ia some cases almost destitute
Of any other msterss he observed 40 tls point that
As We, we have arrived a. no locomotive Arimas Acr
describing the primitive forms OF raala detached
| from their moorings which from their dosutGuon %
hard parts preserved in fossil state be passed
. the Csacea Of which the Lobster may be- taken ~
/ the type.
lie then stated and illustrated very fully the pruc
pie that within each family of animal or vegetable
creation the lowest or least perfect forms were
dAtions afterwards. Each species, alter having run
through its cycle OF existence, appears to have be
come extinct and other species Of higher order b
| have been called into being We have no evidence
that any one species was ever changed or converted
into another. From the iutsNibuity OF this Law, the
character OF fossil inGcses with certainty toe lorna
ton Of the rocks In which 10 must have been formed
Thus the Geoogst is enabled 10 read the rocks by
alphabet that varies which would not be the
n species were liable 90 be converted into each other
Next above the CruGcG, rise 70 the rrst IN order
| of The vertebrsted animals namely the fishes These
/ begin with such hardly distinguishaoo from
Cusiacel, and rise through succession OF species %
the full and perfect development There are Tour
elias OF nshes tgu OF which only existed prior 70 tat
| period Of the formation OF the Coal beds They may
/ be represented by the species OF sharks and stur
icons their bones being carasnous, ana the Fereora
terminating without exception IN the upper M Oi me
tail instead of radatng Ike that OF the greater portion
OF the fnuy inh sbsnis u our present seas similar
marked pecus res of the m0Htsca OF sne hsh OF the
same period were noticed. The under shell Of aA 81
81. r. a.lffN fn4I bod "a "a
more contracted than the upper one. and II was not
until the subsequent period that equiyalse shells maze
their appearance. The uniyayes and ehamoered smells
| of the early period were also imperfect and 70 ~as
reserved for the modern epoch to produce toe Deaut
| iul and highly organized nautilus.
Up 70 this period there had been no sirhreathlns
animal In existence Eternal silence had regned over
land and seas unbrokn except by the beching OF the
merry volcano the rumbngs VI the earthquake ana tne
| thunders Of the mighty deep
The question then naturally arises, Why bad there
been form oi life depending upon the ar Tor - sup
port md upon what change OF conditions did lcn ofn
VI life aypearf the answer b this question seems ~
be- that the earth had been hitherto passing throusn
chemical period which must have surcnarged the AZ
mosphere with carbonic scid gas and other de.eefOus
substances unayors5le 10 the maintenance Of animal
life But IL happens that carbouic acid gas which IS
deadly poison 20 the animal Is the appropriate iool OF
plants and forces them into the most rapid and cNien
large portions Of The earth were covered ~ an il'
mense growth Of the lower orders OF vegetables when
grew o. enormous size.
The growth Of these vegetables would necessarily
absorb the carb0nic acid gas from the atmosphere,
which being decomposed IN the vital tissues Of the
plant the carbon would become liked IN TIE TORN OF
woody dbre while the oxygen wOuld be given Oh and
the atmosphere would BE- thus purhed and prepared
for the residence Of the b coded and af0reatn
ing animals.
The vast quantities oi vegetable matter 10 which the
carbon Of the former atmosphere was thus locked up
formed By gradual deposit those immense ne.is OF
coal which are found ia many parts % tae word, and
contribute - much % the comfort and happiness 81
man With the Occurrence 0t tHese events began
new period OF animal development extending from the
reptiles I'd 20 man the GROWING Work Oi creation
TIE lecturer concluded By stating thst these higher and
rnor perfect developments Of lie would constitute the
subject OF the following lecture
MYSTERIOUS AFFAIR." person by the name
Of Jeremiah Maher says tne A3dng EreniHS y nGl OF
Wednesday presented D. the teller oi the txcnt2-
Bank in tai. city certificate o. deposit % the Bank
of Chensneo for 500 % the credit u sidney Mis- 800
sss rece ved 81 the Mechanics aud arm
ers BANG from the Bank Of Corning and ~a' y them
transmitted on TIE 18th VI December 70 me broome
County bank and from the endorsements upon To-
back il appears tia; q vas usl-nitted from the
Broone County Bank % the Bank OF CEenansO and u
i now a. sr as Il can be sscerahed oy ne endorse
mept the property u the BrOome County Sank
XIben Wsher presented the certificate % Ar. Lee TIE
Teller OF to- Exchange Bank he sad W.. you Do