Carroll free press. [volume] (Carrollton [Ohio]) 1834-1861, 1848-12-15

animation OF the whole face Of The coust, will
be eminensly useful 10 Congress. when they
come to consider the proprieIy Of making appro-
prialious for these great national objects. Pro-
per delences on land will be necessary fr the Sc
curly and protection Of our possessions; and
The establishment Of navy yards, and dock for
The repair aud construction Of vessels. Elll BE-
lmpafiant alike 10 our navy aud CONNIE rcial ma
fine. Without such establishments, every YES
SCI, whether Of the navy or the merchant ser
vice, requiring repair, must, al great expense,
come round Cape Horn to one OF our Atlantic
yards for that purpose. WIh such establish.
ments, vessels, il is believed, may be built or
pair, as cheaply in California as upon the At
Entic coast. They would We employment to
many Of our enlerprising ship builders and me.
chanics, and greatly facilitate and enlarge our
Commerce in the Pacific.
As II is ascsusined that mines Of gold. silver.
copper, and quicksilver exist in New Mexico and
California, aud that nearly all the lands where
they are found belong Ia the Unilcd States, it is
desmed important TO the public interests, that
provision be made for geological and miner
illogical examination Of these regions. Meas.
ures should be adopted TO preserve the mineral
lands, especially such as contain the precious
metals, for the use Of the Unicd States. or if
brought into market 10 separate them from the
farming lands, and dispose OF them in such man.
ner as TO secure large return of money 10 the
treasury, aud at the same lime lead to the dcvel-
opment Of their wealth by individual proprielors
und purchasers. To do this il will be neccssa.
Ty to provide for an immediate survey and loca.
lion of the lots. Il Congress should deem it
ProPerto dispose o(lhe minera, lands they should
be sold in small quantities, and al a fixed mini
mum price.
recommend that Surveyor Generals's off
ces be authorized to be established in New Mex
leo and California, and provision made for sur
veylng and bringing the public lands into market
ut the euriesI practicable period. In dlsposng
of these lands, recommend that the right of
pre.empton be- secured, and liberal grants made
10 the early emigranls who have settled or may
settle upon them.
IL will be important TO extend our revenue
laws over these territories, and especially over
California, at an early period. There is aIrea-
dy considerable commercpwlh California; and
until ports Of entry shall be established and col
lectors appointed no revenue can be received
Ii these and other necessary and proper mea-
sures be adopted for the wealth and The develop
mcnI oflhe resources Of New Mexico s. Calilor-
MA, and regular erritotrial government beesab.
lshed over them, such will probably be the rapid
enlargement of our commerce aud navigation,
und such the addition to the national wealth, that
the present generation may live to witness The
controlling commerce and monetary power orthe
world transferred from London and other Euro.
pcan emporiums TO the city Of New York.
The upprehensions which were entertained bv
soma of our statesmen, in the earlier periods of
the Government, that our system was incapable
Of sufficient energy and success over largely ex-
tended territorial limits, and that if this were at
tempted, it would fall To pieces by its own weak
ness, have been disappointed by our experience.
by the division Of power between the States and
Federal Government, tho latter is found to ope-
rate with as much energy in the extremes as in
tue centre. Ii is as efficient in tho remotesl of
the thirty Slales which now compose the Union,
Il, was in The thirteen States which formed our
Constitution Indeed il may BE- well doubted,
il our present population had been confined
within the limits Of The original thirteen States,
the tendencies to Capitalization and consoida
lion would not have been such as to have en-
rroached upon tho essential reserved rights of
the States, and thus have made the Federal
Government widely different, one practically,
from what il is in theory, and what it was nten-
ID 10 be by its trainers. So far from entertain.
ing apprehensions of the snlety Of our system
by the extension of our territory, the belief is
confidently entertained that each new state gives
strength and an additional guaranty for the pre-
seryation Of the Union itself.
In pursuance of the provision Of the thr.
teenth Article Of the Treaty of peace, friend.
ship, limits, and settlement with the Republic
of Mexico, and of the act Of July 29th. 1S48,
claims of our citizens which had been "aready
lquidated aud decided against the Mexican Re.
public" amounting, with the interest thereon, to
Two millions twenty three thousand eight hun.
dred and thirty two dollars and fifty one cents,
have been liquidaled aud paid. There remains
To be paid Of these claims $74,l92 20.
Congress at its last session, having made no
provision for executing the fifteenth article of the
treaty, by which the United States assumes to
make satisfaction for the "unQuidatcd claims
of our citizens against Mexico TO "an amount
not exceeding three and quarermillions ofdoI
lars" the subjects again recommended 10 youl
favorable consideration.
The exchange Of ratGcatons Of the treaty
with Mexico took place on tho 30lh Of May
IGl8. within ono year aer that time, the
commissioner and surveyor which each gov
ernment stipuaIes to appoint, are required tc
meet "nt the PORT of San Diego, and proceed lC
run and mark the said boundary in its whole
course to the mouth Of the Rio Bravodel None.
II will be seen from This provision, that The peri
od within which comm nlssioner and surveyor o
the respective governments are to meet at SaG
Diego, will exphe on the S0Ih of May, l849.-
Congress, at the close Of its last session. made
an appropriation for "Iho expenses of running
and marking the boundary line" between thC
Two countries, but did not fix the amour. of sal
ary which should be paid TO the commissions
and surveyor to be appointed on the part of tn,
United States. Ii is desirable that the amour
Of compensation which they shall receive shouIc
he prescribed by law, and not left as at present
20 executive discretion