Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1848-12-08

II the whole subject be referred to the judiciary
all parts Of the Union should cheeriuly acqui-
cscc in the final decision Of the tribunal created
by the constitution for the settlement Of all
questions which may arise under the constitu.
ton, treaties, and laws Of the United States
Congress is earnestly invoked, for the sake Of
the Union, its harmony,and our continued pros
pdIy as a nation, TO adjust at its present sess-
ion This, the only dangerous question which lies
in our path-ii not in some one Of the modes
suggested, in some other which may be saiisfac.
tory.
In anticipation Of the establishment Of regular
governments over the acquired territories, a Joint
commission Of officers Of the army and navy has
been orle ID TO proceed to the coast Of Califor-
mia and Oregon, for the purpose Of making re-
oolHoissdnoes and TO report az to the proper sites
for the erection Of Notifications or other defen-
sye works on land, and Of suitable situations for
naval stations. The information which may be
expected from a scientific and skillful examina-
ton OF the whole face Of the coast will be emf
nontly useful to Congress when they come to
consider the propriety Of making appropriations
for these great national objects. Proper deien.
ces on land will be necessary for the security
and protection Of possessions; and the establish
menl Of navy yards, and a dock for the repair
and construction Of vessels, will be important
alike TO our navy and commercial marine With
out such establishments, every vessel, whether
/ VI tue navy Ut Ant service, recurring
/ repair, must at great expense, como round Cape
Horn to one Of our Atlantic yards for that pur-
| pose. With such establishments, vessels, L is
| believed, may be built or repaired as cheaply in
| California as upon the Atlantic coast They
would give employment to many Of our enter
| prising ship.builders aud mechanics, and great
| y facilitate and enlarge our commerce in the
Pacific.
As il is ascertained that mines Of gold, silver,
/ uUI Ill. NJ.
and California, and that nearly all the lands
where they arc found belong to the United
States, ii is deemed important to the public in
terests that provision be made for geological
and chronological examination Of those regions
Measures should be adopted 10 preserve the
mineral lands, especially such as contain the
p ecous metals, for the use Of the United States
Or il brought into market, to separate them
from the farming lands, and dispose Of them in
such manner as 10 secure a large return o.
money TO the treasury and at the same time
lead 10 the development of their wealth by in.
diyidual proprietors and purchasers. To dc
this, it will be necessary to provide for an immc
date survey and location Of the lots. If Con.
gress should deem il proper to dispose Of the
mineral lands, they should be sold in small
, quantities, and at a fixed minimum price.
recommend that surveyor generals office:
be authorised to DC established in New Mexico
NhA NhhoTulhs anu lfONtlOu nlaue lot survey
ing and bringing the public lands into market
at the earliest practicable period. In disposing
of these lands, recommend that the right oil
} presumption be secured, and liberal grants made
to the carly emigrants who have settled or may
settle upon them.
1t will be important TO extend our revenue
laws over these territories, and especially over
California at an early period. There is already
4 considerable commerce with California; and
mill of mt .hall ha oefakiizbod and ccl.
leeiors appointed, no revenue can be received.
II these and other necessary and proper
measures be adopted for the developement Of
the wealth and resources Of New Mexico and
California, and regular Territorial governments
be established over them, such will probably be
the rapid enlargement Of our commerce and
navigation, and such the addition TO the nation
al wealth, that the present generation may live
to witness the controlling commercial and mo-
mentary power Of the world transferred from
London and other European emPoriums to the
city Of New-York.
D The apprehensions which were entertained
:, by some Of our statesmen, in the earlier peri
DDS of the government that our system was in
? capable Of operating with sufficient energy ant
+ snccess over largely extended territorial limits
and that il this were attempted, it would fall L
O pieces BY its own weakness, have been dissipa
j led by our experience. BY the division o.
= power between the States and federal Govern
= ment, the latter is found to operate with a
much energy in the extremes as in the centre
1t is as efficient in the remotest Of the thirty
= States which now comprise the Union, rs it wal
in the thirteen States which formed our con
stiiution. Indeed, it may well he doubted
whether, if our present population had beer
, confined within the limits of the original thir'
teen States, the Tenderness 10 Capitalization
and consolidation would not have been such a
10 have encroached upon the essential reserv-
, ed rights of the States, and thus to have made
, the federal government widely different one,
practically, from what it is in theory, and was
Intended 10 be by iis trainers So tar from en-
, tertainihg apprehensions of the safety of our
/ system by the extension of our territory, the
! belief is confidently entertained that each new
! State gives strength and an additional guaranty
for the preservation of the Union itself.
: In pursuance of the provisions of the thir'
teenth article of the treaty of peace, friendship
limits, and settlement, with the republic of Mex
leo, and of the act oflJuly the twenty-nnth
1913, claims of our citizens which had been "al
ready liquidated and decided against the re-
public" amounting, with the interest thereon
TO two million twenty-three thousand eight hun
3 bred and thirty-two dollars and fifty-one cents
have been liquidated and paid. There remair
to be paid of these claims, seventy-four thousand
one hundred and ninety-two dollars and TWEEN
: ty-six cents.
Congress at its last session having made M
5 provision for executing the fifteenth article o
: the treaty, by which the United States ASSUME
5 to make satisfaction for the "unliquidato'
/, claims of our citizens against Mexico" to "ar
: amount not exceeding three and quarter mill
ions of dollars" the subject is again recommend
: ed TO your favorable consideration.
c The exchange of notifications Of the treaty
9 with Mexico took place on the Soth of May
y lS4S. Within one year after that time, tn
' commissioner and surveyor which each Govern
ment stipulates to appoint, are required to NEE
0 "at the port Of San Diego, and proceed TO rul
i and mark the said boundary in its whole cours
= to the mouth of the Rio Bravo del Norte."
will be seen from this provision, that the perio'
{ within which a commissioner and surveyor O
: the respective governments are to meet at Sal
\ Diego, will expire on the S0th of May, ls4s.-
Congress- at the close of its last session, made al
appropriation for 'the expenses of running an,
: marking the boundary line" between the tw
countries, but did not fix the amount Of salar,
: which should be paid to the commissioner AM
r surveyor TO be appointed on the part of thu
Y United States. II is desirable that the amour
. of compensation which they shall receive shoul'
be prescribed by law, and not left, as at present