The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-08-19

presses me. II is slasrry. This alone woaI,
lprsvent me from ever settling in Virginia :
Language cannot express my detesiation of II
Master and slave. Nature never made such ,
distinction or established such relation Man
when forced 70 substitute the will Of anoths
for his own. ceases TO be moral agent; his It'll
to the nome Of man II extinguished; he becomes
mere machine In the hapds Of his o2prsssor
No empire 10 % valuable as the empire Of one,
self No right Il 90 inseparabls from hamani-
~, and 90 necessary 10 the improvement Of oul
species, AZ the right Of sxerting the power,
whish nature has given rs in the pursuit Of any
and Of every good which we can obtain with
out doing injury to others. Should you desire
IL, viii give you some idea Of the situation
and character Of the negroes in Virginia. II
10 . subject % degrading TO humanity, that
cannot dwell on II with pleasure. should be
obliged 10 show you every vice, heightened by
every meanness, and added 10 every misery
The influence Of slavery on the whites, is al
most ~ fatal a. on the blacks themselVes.''
This was written fry years ago. BY young
man from New England, only nineteen years
old | know that. on al subjects Of philan-
throPy and ethics, DIR. Claiming was half a
ceatury In advanced OF his age. But the ssnti-
ments ne exPressed on this subject. at the close
Of the last century. are now the prevalent. deep
| seated feelings Of Northern men, excepting,
perhaps, q few cases, where these feelings have
been corrnpiedby interest.
l repeat, thea. ih1f The North cannot shut
ont the South fzAsa ne rsF ferfitsnss By 4 Law
Tor s1clsding sx~esSe<-s1 ~eiEszzisy ak11;a s
South will shat oht ths North by the fact Of
introducing slavery. Even admitting, then.
that the fap is equal for both North and South,
will show that all the equity is on the side Of
the North --.-'--.-
Sir, from the establishment Of our indepsnd-
| ence by the treaty OF 1888, to the time OF the
adoption Of the Constitution, and for yean az
forwards, no trace is to be found Of an intention
to enlarge the bounds Of our Republic; aud il is
well known that the treaty0f 1903, for acquiring
louisiana, was acknowledged by Nh Jefferson,
who made il, to be unconstitutional. In 1851,
the Magma Charta Of perpetual freedom was Sc
cured to the Northwest Territory. But the ari-
Gle excluding slavery from il had an earlier date
than ~. On the lst OF March, 1854, Congress
voted to accept cession from the State Of Viz
gnia OF her claim 10 the Territory northwest Of
The Ohio nvek The subject Of providing gov
eminent for this aud other territory, was refer
red 10 cosamittee, consisting OF Mr.. jefferson,
Mr. Chase, Of Maryland, and Dir Howell, OF
Rhode Island. On the 18th Of Apnl, 1854. their
report was considered. That report contained
the following eveT-memOTable clause THAT
after the year 1890, Of the christian era, there
tude in any Of the sand States, Ithey were spOk-
en- OF as States, because, II was always con
telnplated to erect the territories into States, I
| otherwise than IN punishment Of crimes whereof
| the party shall have heen convicted 20 have been
personally guilty.
Sir, we hear much SAID IN our day OF the VIII
| mot pr0yiso against slavery. In former years,
great credit has been given to Mr.. Nathan Dane,
Of Massachusetts, for originating the 9th article,
against slayery,l in the ordinance Of 49, Sir,
II Is misnomer TO call this restrictive clause the
''Wilmot prosiso." u is the Jefferson proviso,
and Mr.. Jefferson should have the honor Of il;
and would 10 Heaven, that our Southern friends,
who kneel so devoutly at his shine, could be an
mated by that lofty spirit Of freedom, that love
tor the nights OF man, which alone can make
| the place OF theirdevotlOn sacred.
But what Is most material 10 be observed here,
| Is, that the plan Of government reported by Mr..
jefferson, and acted upon by the Congress At
that time, embraced all the ''WesteIn TeTnto-
y;" it embraced all the ''tenitoTy ceded OF 10 Be
csded, BY individual States 70 the L. States. .
See journals Of Congress, Apnl %, 1854. II
then, we leave oct Kentucky and Tennessee, q:
beng parts Of Virginia and North Carolina, al
the residue Of IA territory, North S0Eth Of the
Ohio nveT, WITH the treaty limits Of the Unite,
States. was iufstled, BY the Jefferson povisio
4 10 be fc-Suo1fnfx tsct,ocn-of sfavery. f0r4hs
proyiso, there wete sixteen votes, and only seyel
against it Yet 50 singularly were these sever
votes distributed, and so Large a maiOnty Of IN
States did It require TO pass an act, that il wa
lost. The whole Of the representation from sevel
J States, voted for il unanimously. Only tw'
States voted unanimously against it. Had bu
one of Mr.. Jefferson colleagues voted with him
and had Mr.. Spaight Of North Carolina, vote
Dr it, (only nine out Of twenty-three,) the re
stTictiye clause in the report would have stood
But a minority Of seven from the slave-holdini
J States controlled a majority Of sixteen from tn
free Ststes,-ominons even at that early day O
fate that has now Telentlessly pursued us 70
sixty years.
The vote was certainly no more than a TAI
, representation Of the feelings OF the conntr
against slavery, at that time. II was with sue
> feeling that the ICON promises of the Consttr
Q tion," as they are called, were entered into
z Nobody dreaded or dreamed OF the extension (
; slavery beyond its then existing limits. "
e behold its aggressive march. Besides kentuck
z | and Tennessee, which l omit for reasons betol
, animated, seven new slave States have been a
y ded to the Union-Mississippi, Alabama, Nj
+ SCUM, Arkansas, Louisiana, Florida, and Texa
+ the last five out Of territory not belonging to
h at the adoptisn Of the Constitution: while on
II one free State, Iowa, has been added durlng 8
this time, out Of such newly acquired Territory
d But there is another fact, which shows tn
v the shareholders have already had their fu
is share of territory, however wide the boundari
Of Of this country may hereafter become
eel have seen the number Of acizal slaueAotde
r. variously estimated; but the highest estimate
/, have ever seen 10 three handred thousand A
Ie lowing six persons to family, this numb'
4 would represent white population Of eighte'
D. hundred thousand.
" Mr.. Gayle, Of Alabama, interrupted and sal
% II the gentleman from Massachusetts, has be-
Of informed that the number Of Shareholders
~ only 100000, then viii tell him his inform
u ton is utterly false
or M. Msna. walthe gentleman tell me he
at many there arei
m M. Gayle. Ten times as many.
OIL Mr.. Mann. Ten times a. many. Ten tim
e. 300 900 is 5000, 900 and allowing six persons
NJ each family, this would give a poPulasion
Al rs, 600 5000 directly connected with slavehol
N ing; while the whole free population OF Z
'e- South, in lsie, was considerably less than h
is millions
Mr.. Meade, If virginlz, here intsrPossd a
- said. that, where father or mother owned slaS
on they werss cons.desed the joint property Of
10 family. think, if you include the grown .
" the young, there are about 100000 interest
In slave property.
Oh Mr.. Mann resumed My data lead me TO
de lisve that the number does not nov exceed L
ad millions; but, al the time Of the adoption Of
n Constitution, the number directly eennec
m with slaveholding must have been less than
he million. Yetthis one million has alrsady M
aged 10 acquire this broad States OF Nilsson
In. Arkansas, Louisiana, Florida, and Texas,
"a youd the limits Of the treaty Of lie3; whom
he The time the Compromises Of the Constitute
,at were entered into, not ene Of the parties q
he posed that We should ever acquire territory
ow yond those limits. And this has been done
ity the benefit &c IL BE- . bsneft) Of thai one =
Of lion Of Shareholders, against what Is now I
- -~.,I.,snr - Se..n niliious And. In AZ