The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-09-30
THOMAS Ii. BENTON.
From the London Times. !
An.fsnfla

under cultivation was 1913, 331 acres. The
number Of sheep is now S, 00o, 900, although
not less than 100000 were boiled down
for tallow in 1Sl7-a process which yields
net profit of only about IS. per head,
while the annual average of the fleece, if il
were not compelled 10 be sacrificed for want
of labor, would be about Is. Amongst
articles Of experimental cultivation the vine
has been introduced, and is increasing very
rapidly. Cuttings planted on about one or
two acres. yielded vintage IN 16 mealths
which gfTe four pipes-oi vine Much OF
what is planted is the Rhine grape. There
is also some Of the claret grape and the
Constantla grape. The latter grows very
abundantly, and gives not sweet wine but
a sparkling dry wine of the color of am.
Der, and il is believed that By skill il may
be made to produce something original
The other quality Of wine chiefly resembles
hook. Although at present it is not much
drunk At the tables Of the colonists, but is
consumed chiefly by the laborers, who pay
IS gallon for it. il is thought TO be soon
likely TO come into general use. Some
pains have been taken TO introduce persons
who understand the cultivation of vineyards
and the manufacture of wine. The latitude
of New South Wales is similar to that Of
the south Of Spain, and the climate is very
like il, but not quite so hot. In Spain
nothing can be done without irrigation, and
in Australia this has not been commenced.
The duty on imported wine is Is per cent.
al UalOrem.
The olive has also been introduced to a
small extent. Ii thrives wonderfully, but
an erroneous impression has been entertain.
ed that il requires 20 years 10 produce fruit,
whereas by the proper method Of planting,
such as is practised in Andalusia, good
crop may be obtained in three years. Silk
production has likewise been tried, but still
only on limited scale, although it is pro.
duced very easily and in great abundance.
The mulberry is not indigenous, but it grows
well. The orange grows magnifcently.-
The cotton plant, unlike the American de-
scription, is perennial, the same as in
the BrazilS, the East Indies, and Egypt.
With regard to mineral productions, coal,
it appears, is abundant. In many local..
ties it may be seen cropping out at the sur.
face, and it has been ascertained to extend
TO a great depth. Copper mines also have
been discovered. About the beginning Of
the present year an eKtensiye settler in Ba--
thuTSt county, about 40 miles rom Sydney,
had obtained some specimens of the Burra
Buna mine in the neighboring colony of
South Australia, and having given a speci.
men to each Of the shepherds in his employ
ment. with promise that he would make il
worth their while if they could find in their
sheep-walks anything similar to it, he was
surprised in the course Of few weeks by
piece being brought to him with an an.
nouneement that at a spot distant about 35
miles he might find similar ore in any guam.
tiy. The result was the discovery of very
rich and apparently ineIhaustible copper
mine, and laborerS are either now on their
way out for the purpose of working it, Or
a negotiation is pending for sending them
Again, in the NaSs district country. about
14O miles from Sydney, there has been
found a very valuable lead mine.
Steam communication exists from sgd
ney to Melbourne, LaunceSton, and AIDE
laide. The construction Of railways is ca
gerly desired, and a line has been surveyed
from Sydney to GOulburn, about 40 miles
One plan suggested az an inducement to
European capitalists is, that Government
should give free grant Of an acre Of land
for every pound subscribed TO these under
takings, so that the subscriber in addition to
his chance of profit from the railway would
be put in possession Of land equal in value
at the Government minimum price, TO the
amount of his investment, and which land
would be sure to advance greatly from the
completion of the undertaking. At the
same time the temptation to the Govern
menl would be that in making the estima-
tee grant Of &c., 900 acres for the purpose
Of the railway they would bring into value,
supposing the advantages OF the line to be
felt within 20 square miles on either side,
total of 100000 acres, leaving 2,000,.
0OO acres available for speedy sales, and
probably at advanced prices.
A supply of labor is the grand want.
According to a majority Of the witnesses,
the colony could receive during the present
year 10000 actual laborers, independently
of their wives and families, without depress-
ing to any important extent the rate ofwages.
The colonists having voted the application
Of t10O,OO to the purpose, on the security
of the land fund. Lord Grey has author.
lied the commissioners TO send out to them
and to South Australia at least 10, 900 people
in the next II months II is understood that
very large number of the children of pa
rents who died during the Irish famine o
1871, and whose ages are between ii and
IS, will be included in this emigration
It is stated by several witnesses that great
desire exists on the part of the laborers and
small settlers, similar to that which is SC
strongly observable among the Irish ir
America, to aid the emigration Of relations
and friends by making remittanoes, anC
LORD Grey has accordingl y directed thu
Governor to offer every facility for the pur
pose. In May, 1S47, such was the urgen
cy OF the colonists TO obtain labor that ;
proposition was made in the Legislative,
Council regarding the expediency Of pro
curing it even from China, India, or tn
South Sea Islands, although the evil Of en-
grating barbarous or inferior races upon tn
population was clearly foreseen. The mea
sure. however, was not carried out, excep
in the shape of an experiment on the part o
one intelligent and enterprising settler VIII
: imported so South Sea Islanders from IN