Baltimore commercial journal, and Lyford's price-current. [volume] (Baltimore, Md) 1840-1849, 1848-08-26
IREIAND-ITs HISTORY, &c.


opcd in fable. The historians Of the country (O'Flah-
erty Heating, O'Haloran, Vallancy, Powdcn) speak
of Greek aud Phnnician colonies, give lists OF kings,
&C. for which there is no historical foundation. The
vernacuar language of the Irish proves that they are
part of the great Celtic race, which spread
all over Western Europe No Irish manuscript has
been found more ancient than the 10Th century. The
oldest and most authentic IRISH records were written
between the 10th aud 18th centuries; some Of them
go back with some consistency, far as the Chris
tan era; but there is evidence that the Irish had
the of letters before the middle of the fifth cen
fury, When Christianity and Christian literature were
introduced by St Patrick The faith did not
flourish till century later when St COLUMBIA erect
ed monastercs. In the eighth and ninth centuries,
the scholars OF ireland among the most dlStn-
guished at the courts of the Saxon kings, and of
Charlamagnc. But when the Northmcn commenced
their dcscents the coasts the ecceslastcs TOOK to
flight; and it is evid, nt from the condition of the
people later period, that the learning OF the Irish
clergy never extended beyond the walls OF tn" mon
asterics. Divided among number OF barbarous and
hostile chiefs ireland had been for long time torn
by internal wars and for nearly two centuries, raw
ag d by the Danes, when, in the beginning OF the
18th century, Brian Borrhoimi, or BoroIhmh (the
Conqucror) united the greater part OF the island I'M
der his sceptre, restored public tranquility and cx-
PEELED the northern invaders. In loo, Henry II,
king of England, obtained bull from Adrian ~,
granting hun the possession OF Ireland. In llO9,
English troops under the earl OF Pembroke (Strong-
bow landed in the country which was soon partial,
ly reduced by the invaders, aided by the mutual
hosties and icalouscs of the native chiefs The
country over which the English actually ruled inclu-
dcd the four counties Of Dublin, Meath, Louth and
Kildare, and called the pale. In the rest Of the
Island the native chiefs still maintained their indie
pendcnce. In 1910, Edward Bruce, brother Of the
king of Scotland landed in Ireland, at the head OF
Scotch force, and caused himself 10 be crowned king
of the Island; but not being vigorously supported by
the Irish who had invited his assistance he was de-
feated by the English, and the Scotch were obliged
TO return without accomplishing any thing. There
still remained one independent prince in the pro-
pf Tlsfpr whp dana AM he
been married to the duke of Clarence Of Edward
Ill that province came into the hands Of the English
in 1861 A parliam MT, held at Kilkenny in 1867,
forbade intermarrages with the Irish the of their
la,ruage Sc und@r severe pcualtics and thus CON
trbnted to widen the distinction between the two
nations which il should have been the policy of the
EnnIisb ,,oy.r,mcrt tn an,,Ip,not, In the rrun of
Hcnrv VI Richard. duke Of York, was appointed
rbf GOVERNOR. and an attachment TO his Descendants
cnntin9,d to ;ndnnrc,. the AroIo.Irish durinu tn,
regn of Urnr VII as annear. in the affair Of Lam
boTt Sir,nI Tn he raiar, TIlo5, was nassrd Pom
;n,S ART iso called from sir Edward P6vuipq lord.
JonTty If r. land which nr,yidrJ thai ali former
laws 1assed in ENGLAND sbond be in force in Ireland
a5 ,bst mn Ir;sb n,rI,,n,n, sbouIJ h.. held vith0ut
TrevinnsI et.tinr The reasons on account Of which
|, was 10 he summoned and the laws which il was
Intended tn enact When Henry VIII in the 10Th
century embraced the rcfornation the Irish CON
Timed 10 adhere TO The Catholic re Iigion But in
i54I Henry received from the Irish parliament th.
Tile Of KIM of belgud. instead of lord which he
had befora b1rnr A. n yasSal of the, none The,
suuurass,d trihut. 10
soc aboIsbpd aud IT, reward The cbiliaius for their
Snbmission G,Nral O,Burr and d.. Bu,uo were
created rarls. they vcrr the oldest pccrs Of Irish
descent J-ndrr Edward VI The dpiufy prouosrd
20 H. Ir;sb p.rl;,rnnr tho adontion II ,b. refrma-
lion T'braa arcbh,shons and + bisbops left thu, as
sen,bl,. most of the clergy d.d the c5untrv and
tbosa ~ tba lover cL.rg,, ,yho renamed briIo de-
nrived of tber incor,s lived n tho charity of their
pparisbioners EIizahr,h in I5GO cansed the meas.
ppr.s adontad in The r.,, If Mr. 10 bc abro",ted
and rcnIacsd every tbing IN its former footing She
ItoroJ 70 ;n,4-oyo Ibn condition re Ir.Isd .nd
oiarS ahIo Inir 80 Ell bnr nnrnoses ,-,, b.r
an - os nsr,ed hp ssries &c risinos which 6naIv
terTina,ed in a general war against Fnpland usuaIv
oaIlrd Inc REBELLION O'Nel earl Of Tyrone instig-
ted by the pope and supported by the Spaniards
was The leader in This war which thouph success-
fully begun, ended with the reduction Of the whole
island C6O3 In 1913 the first national parliame nt
was held in Ireland; but Of 226 members OF the house
of commons lbs were Professionals and the upper
house consisted of % Protestant bishops and % tenn
poral lords of whom but few were Catholics The
reign of James U6O3-25) was on the whole favor.
able to Ireland the arbitrary power of some Of the
chieftans was restrained the administration of ius
tice improved &C.: but religious troubles were oc-
casioncd bv the disabilities to which the Catholics
were subjected On the accession of Charles l.
Wentworth afterwards earl Straford was appoint-
ed lord liputpnaut and his administration was bone
fetal 10 the country But the republican inclin,ons
of the ENGLISH residents the hate which existed be-
tween them and The Irish CathoIics The influence nj
the Irish clergy who were educated in forcion conn.
tries with other crcm,tancrs led in an att,,nn r.
shake off the English yoke DR. Lingard saws Of
this insurrccton that il has been usual for writer's IA
paint the atrocities of the natives and to ct hose
of their onnonrpts but that r. voItr barb,rites arc
equally recorded of both and that if anouq the one
there were monsters who thirstcd for blood tbcrc
were among the others those who had long been ac-
customed TO deem the life of A mere freshman be-
meath their notice After the death of Charles
Cromwell was Amounted lieutenant of Ireland and
with his usual energy and nrompti,udr hut win
great cruelty soon reduccd The whole country All
the possessions of the Catholics were coufscated
abou % 600 Irish were sold as slaves in America
and 40 900 entered into foreign service 10 escape the
sevor;t, NJ tho co,oncror Cbori.. n r,,aiJ ~ ~