The Middlebury galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1848-1850, 1848-07-11

civilized existence. The enterprise of
modern travellers has pushed discovery
10 the very verge of the terrestrial crea>
ton. and colonization has followed so
ciisely upon the heels of the Voyager,
shat the arts of Europe have pervaded al>
most the whole habitable globe, and there
are now extant but scanty romans of strict
~ savage life. The few tribes that have
imbibed no tincture of civilization chiefs
iy nhabit regions too frIgid or too ster>
ilc for cultivation, and which deny both
food and shelter to the domestic animals
as Europe, while the pastoral races exN
Isl only as classes. in countries depend
n,g mainl, on other branches of industry,
OF are confined TO barren wastes like the
sands of Arabia, the bleak mountains OF
I.apland, or the scarcely less desert step
pcs Of Eastern Europe and Asia. Pasto-
val life admits Of but low state of civill-
cation. The shepherd or hcrdsman is OF
necessity migratory in his habits. and must
follow his flock wherever pasiuragc OF
water are most abundant his occnpan>
cyof the soil, though temporary. must be
exclusive supplied by his herds with
food and clothing and tent>cloih, he IS
unconscious of dependence upon his fell
low man, and his social relations can be
neither numerous nor close; he can rec
o:rnize no superior but The chief oihlS sept. OF
rather his family. and all government mus
he simply patriarchal influence. The indus
trial processes belonging 10 the PASTORAL con
.lllion are few and simple. admitting of little
ware CIV, and afiordino narrow room for I'M
rrovemen;. The habi's Of nomad tribes,
therefore, lack The great element Of civi'lZa
ton. progress and the Bednuin Of the Des
eri is unchanged since the days Of Antar or
ofJob.
In civilized countries, as have already in
iimaicd, pastoral life exists only in conlunc-
lion with agriculture, and these two branches
ofhusbandry are in a great degree Deepen
dent on each other. The improvements ii
the mechanic arts have not enabled the lar
mcr 10 dispense with beasts OF drau@ht OIL
burden. The steam plough is still bu; Z
dream. aud the utility Of even the moving
mcclure has not vet been established by sue
rrs<fml experiment. The locomotive cnginC
has not thus far been adapted 10 common
ruad>, and notwithstanding the brilliant an
tciphIions of some projectors, the day has no
Yet dawned. when every producer shall b'
whlrled 10 market hy The steam oil his owl
1cAkrille. Nor has the increased production
ul rrgr:abic ailments and tissues in any de
gree lcsSrnrd the demand for animal food O
superseded the necessity OF employing thG
skin and fur and wool of animals for clothing
On The other hand, the growing and gather
ING of The winter supply oil iood for the hume
rous hocks and herds, which are required for ON
nour>hmcnt and clothing, constitute large pro
portion OF the labori Of the agrculturiS and thus
neither ofihcSc fields of rural husbandry can hc
much enlarged without corresponding eXtcn-
sion of The other Pastoral life and the tillage Of
the earth therefore no longer distinct and ILL.,
dependent occupations hut are properly branch
es of the same calling and though with some vio-
fence 10 ctvmol,gv, popularity arc. and conven-
icntly may be, both comlrehendcd under the gen
cral term AGEICULTURE.
Pure pastoral life, have said advances man
70 but an humble stage of civilization but when
il i merged in agriculture, and the regular till
age of the soil commences he is brought under
the dominion of new Influences and the whole C.
col5mv of domestic and social life is completely
rcvo,utionizcd. Proper and permanent social in
situtions now begin TO Gcrminate, because com
bincd effort for supplying the physical wants of
mIn becomes necessary, and ii Is upon the neces-
sity Of such effort that human society considered
artificial system, Is founded. Men now he
gin 10 realize what. rs wandering shepherds they
hal before dimlv suspected, that man has right
10 the use. not the ahuSc If the products of la
turc that consumption should he everywhere
conpensafed hv Increased production and that
II Is false economy to cncroach upon = capital
The interest Of which is sufficient for our lawful
uses.
Among the various causes, bv which the trans
iii"I from the pastoral 10 the agricultural state
may I've occasiuRcd or facilitated, an obvious one
l. the discovery, that bv cultivation 4 smaller OK
tent of ground may he made to furnish nourish
incnif"r the shephc ri and hi, hocks whose incrcas
inr numbers threaten to exhaust the supply spcn
finecu>y produced within his habiual range
Cultivation ut once hcenn, the noilad condition
= soon N IN end, for the grow ing of crop, in
c.u.iin@ the preparation Of the ground and the Sc
curing of the harvest. consumes the greater part
of wear. and if perennial plants reared 81
the around is first Ia he cleared Of forest growth
and fenced against the IavagcS of wild or domcSt-
t. animals, many seasons must be passed upon
the same spot. Hence arises the necessity OF liN-
rd ha'piiaiinns and store houses and Of laws which
shall recognize and protect private exclusive
rI!I; ~ Discriminate po' tiors of the common cart
and inrtiun and regulate the ri ght Of inheritance
AMI The power Of alienation and devise, in short
The whole frame work Of civil society. The rec.
Ogn,r"n Of private rights II real estate is a nee
",Nir: CONDITION precedent 20 the establishment
oftNcd liaLitationS. without which there can be
no permanent improvement Of the soil, no con
Siderable accumulation uf personal property ul
III; comforts OF life, ne o he sacred influence
Of home. nG attachment 10 localities national feel
ing II" durable records, history ii lies ut the
ha'' "f all civil institutions; it is essential t.
thr very idea o f 4 nation as distinguished from
nom 'dir tribe or sept and those spcculaturs
who propose the abrngation If such rights, arc
A'min% a blow at the fundamental principles on
whi society Itself /, grounded.
(To be continucd)
LETTER FROM GEN. TAYLOR TO ABBOTT
LAwEENc Eve cut the following commu-
nica'ion from the Northampton Courier: