The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-09-17

crease IN compound ato OF The extent and productive
of the surface which il Is sustained The highest
possible impulse given TO this Increase occupied
country distinguished for its fertility and Offering certain
rewards for the products OF labor TINS Is the character
it will, for time. be productive Missouri affords
strong illustration of the truth OF this proposition That
State lies wholly north OF 800 30 north latitude
ceptng strip about thirty miles wide the Mississippi
running down to the thirty sixth parallel and yet, though
far north, slavery made rapid progress there after her
admission into the Union BY the census of 1920, there
dred and forty per cent IN ten years. and IN $780, 3s4O
an increase of hundred and thirtyhve per cent in
ten years tor several years, the slave population IN
creased rapidly than the free In all new and fer
tile soils, where the demands for labor urgent, this
will be the inevitable result The multiplication of the
human species governed by laws infexlbe and
tain those which govern the reproduction of vegetable
life. In both, the stimulus, whatever it may be, cost
utes the law OF the increase am that the ratio
OF increase in Missouri both in respect to the white and
the black race was materially modified by immigration
and TO that extent the result is independent OF the app
cation of the principle have stated But it hardly
be denied that surface, productive surface the great
element in extension. 1t is this alone which has
carried the ratio of increase far beyond that of any
how ssn 70 ss
been the result of our decennia enumerations! The
same principle governs the white and the black
The laws OF labor subsistence, and population, act
both though not everywhere with the same intensity
If these conclusions are just enlargement of the
face over which slavery is spread carries with it, by
force of invncble laws, multiplication of the held
in bondage other words, substantial increase of the
number of slaves Extension in respect to surface is
multiplication in point of number The two propositions
cannot be egmaely separated either in reasoning or in
practice. In this OF the subject the extension OF
slavery is reproduction of the original responsibility Of
introducing it; and in this respect has moral bearing,
to which the great mass OF the community cannot be In
different
Mr.. President, in providing for the government of
territories, while they continue subject TO the
elusive regulation OF Congress, no view OF the sub
ect would be complete which overlooks the part
are performing in the great movement OF civilized So
ciety, both sides of the Atlantic. Let
attention to of the considerations which suggest
themselves in connexlon with this point. 1t requires
no powers of prophecy to foretel that are des-
tined to spread ourselves the greater portion Of the
American continent this side the great akessouh to
the denseypeoped portions of Mexico, and west to the
Pacific Nor is it an idle dream of the imagination to
empire increasing rapidly, and destined to
pand to broader limits, than the Roman republic not
empire like the latter founded in war, and propagang
itself by brute forces but empire founded peace, and
extending itself by industry, enterprise, and the arts OF
civilization Rome, receiving into her bosom the
rounding population as she conquered them instructed
them in the art of war, and made them the instru-
ments OF new aggressons. We receive into ours the
surplus population of the Old World, to instruct
them the arts of peace, and to accelerate the march
Of civilization the western continent There
is nothing in the history of human society calcu
lated to exat it as the spectacle we present-recev
ing into the bonds of friendship, and adntting to the
rights of citizenship the surplus of the peoped and
governed countries of Europe These annual addi-
tons constitute an element OF no inconsderable force IN
centuryabout the period we take for duplication of
numbers-we have received, from the United King
dom of Great Britain and Ireland alone, nearly million
of immigrants and from continental Europe, have
had large additions. These drains the one hand and
accessons on the other, not only likely to continue,
but to increase in force surplus population provided
for by emigration, is certain be regularly reproduced
Europe, therefore, will not be numerically weakened by
these annual drains, even though they should be indei-
nitey augmented; and every addition to our numbers
from abroad renders the force of immigration more in;
ense by relaxing the ties which bind to their native soil
the kindred multitudes left behind.
For an indefinite period, then, we may calculate on
large and constantly increasing additions to our popua
ton by immigration and the natural multiplication OF
people, under the impulse of the powerful slim
the superabundant supply of food will doubtless main
tain our past rate OF increase, and give at the close OF
the present century, hundred millions OF inhabitants
One Of the most interesting and important problems,
both for the American statesman and philosopher is
to determine of what this vast population
shall consist for the solution which future genera
tons shall give to it,, will essentially depend the pros
pery OF the community communities they Will con-
stute, and their ability to maintain such form OF
government shall secure to them the blessings Of
political liberty, and advanced civilization In a
general survey OF the by which the earth is
peoped though the varieties infinite, there but
four grand dvisons-the Asiatc, the Caucasian, the
rope, with some nconsiderabe exceptions, is occupied
by the Caucasian race-by the descendants of the
gec and independent tribes which, from the shores of
the Caspian, have IN different spread themselves
Germany and western Europe, and laid the founda
tons of nearly all the civilization the world contains
From this lndo- Germanic Caucasian
selves descended and doing for the New World
what they did for the Old-spreading ourselves and
subdung it-not, indeed, by arms but by the arts of
peace In whatever portion of Europe emigration to the
United States takes its rise, it brings with it homOgene
currents. The same blood fills the veins of all If
shades of variety exist in the intellectual and physical
characteristics of the mutudes who come among il
to be traced to the influences which dlverses OF SOIL
climate and government have exered upon them in the
different sections of Europe in which their lot has been
cast In the great outlines OF their physiognomy animal
and moral they identical and they distinguish
able from all other by peculartles not to be mis-
taken.
believe it to be in the order of Providence, that the
continent of North America with the exception, perhaps
of nconsIdeTable districts, ultimately be peo
pied by the which has overspread Europe, and
made Ii what 1t is science art, civilization, and
in morals We may, by misapplcation of the at
our command, thwart Tor the divine purpose
we may postpone the consummaton of the end we have
to accomplish but the deeply seated which at
possibly what centuries in the history
OF nations and empires 81 say possibly centuries may be
necessary to complete this process but must IN the
end be completed | believe it may be satisfactorily
shown that the free black population in the northern
States does not increase by Its own inherent force
doubt whether it is fully reproduced. In four OF
| the New England States-Vemont, New Hampshire,
| Rhode Island, and Connecticut-the black popnla-
ton, from 1920 to 1910, materially decreased In New
| York, Massachusetts,, and Maine, there was an IN
crease during the period; but TINS was doubt
less due to the immigration of manumted blacks from
the South finding their way to the principal commercial
States Without these accesslons, the result IN these
New England States referred to- Under the most favor
ahle c;rcnm and continue to he in