The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-09-02

HsIlcO ana CdiUOH(I, PVtS W VIC fthduN{
RIO del Norte and CHA riUsrs" IS the title of docums
printed by order of the Senate and House OF Represent
lives.
Extracts from these notes have heretofore been pub
6shed. hut they are now assembled for the first time in
one volume.
In the spring of 1916, Brevet MAJOR Emory, of the
typographical engineers, then lieutenant was assigned
as chief of mis- department TO the army OF the west
and AS we are informed in the remarks pTeiacng his
notes was directed when not interfering with his Other
military duties to survey the route and note the charac
Ter of the uneXpored countries through winch the army
of the west expected to pass.
IL was in obedience 10 these instructions that the vol
nme referred to has been furnished Written amidst the
hardsbips and exciting OF the advanced guard Of
the army of the west, it does not ann at the finish of
om, report but Processes give an unyanshed state
nent of the physical character OF the country explored
with an occasional view of the habits and customs OF The
people who inhabit IT.
A map accompanies the report, founded on elaborate
astronomical and barometrical observations made by
Lieut.. Emory.
In addition to the contribution it makes TO our geo
,ranbicaI knowledge of the American continent, Il de-
,;pes interest from tie fact that the i's Surveyed for
siderable ertent the boundary designated IA he rag
bet,oee, the United States and Meeieo'
The astronomical data, i'll appendix No, 8. determine
for the first time the Del Norte Tor 23o miles below San
Ia Fe and the ella from ils head to lis Junction with
Colorado OF
geography of the ella is entirely revolutonlzed-beng
laid down by Lieut. Emorys determination farther SOUTH
and running in line nearly west than has hereto.
fore been supposed.
profile of the whole route, founded on barometrical
data is traced on the map From this, is discovered the
geneness of the slope by which the traveller ascends
the Rocky mountains and the Corderas OF california
giving assurance to those who looking into TIE dim iu
mre hope to bring the trade of the Indies, tho Ugh the
ports of San Francisco and San Diego directly ei the
continent into the valley of the Mississippi
We cannot pass by the many sketches with which the
pencil of the clever artist NJ Stanley, has adorned and
illustrated the botany and geology of the work, without
acknowledging the aid thereby given TO the written de-
scrptions.
In this connection, attention may be called to some Of
the wonders of the vegetable Kingdom illustrated by
SANKEY'S pencil, and classified by the exact botanical
knowledge of Professor Torrey, o the New York medical
college, and Dr. Engemann, OF ST. Louis. Not the eas
remarkable of these, is the huge eereus gigdnteus
figured in page IL of the Journal and classified by Dr.
Engelmann.
Contenting ourselves with this brief general notice Of
the beautiful and interesting work, proceed to make
few extracts which 20 to illustrate the character of
the country:
New Mexico contains. according to the last census
made few years since, 100000 inhabitants Its divided
into three departments-tl norher middle, and south
eastern. These again subdyided into counties, and
os bs ees d
,nts. many of whom wealthy and in possession Of
"New Mexico, although its soil is barren and its re.
sources mited-unless the gold mines should as is proba
ture Of The grape enarged-s, from its position in com.
mcrclai and military aspect an alIlmporta1t military
Fe Fort Leavenworh presents few obstacles a
way, and ii continues as good to the Pacific will be
will pass Immense quantities of merchandise ino what
may become IN time, the rich and populous States Of So
nora, Durango, and Southern California.
| "As military position, ii is important and
The mountain Businesses have long been the re,reatng
places of the warike parties Of Indians and robbers who
sally out TO intercept our caravans moving over the differ
ent lines OF travel to the Pacifc.'
| AS we have heretofore given descriptions of New
Mexico from MIR. Enorys notes, we pass at from
the valley of the Del Nore. Leaving the valley Of the
Del Nore in direction nearly due west and ascending
the dividing ridge between the waters flowing into the
Atlantic and those flowing into the Pacific, the journal
continues:
| "We commenced the approach to the Mmbres noun.
streams of pure water, finged with sunted growth
walnut live oak, and ash. The sol! in the valleys andn
the hill tops OF the best quality, covered with uXurant
growth OF sramn species OF entrana differing from the
Ths must one day become great grazing country. par
tic h for sheer The pure d AR Is MIN aa IsT
prolific, an eve seldom failing to drop two lambs"
Arrived in the mountains, Lieut.. Emory explored The
famous copper-mines of the Mimbres, which, il will be
seen by the map, are now within our territory:
'October s. succession of hills and valleys covered
ed at the foot OF formidable blum of running noh-
and sou heast, which named Ben Moore, after my
personal friend, the gallant Capt Moore of the idra-
soons In many places the path was sewed with iiag,
men's of the hard trap making il difficult for our mules
travel Turning the north end OF Ben M ore bhit, we be-
gan drop into the valley of what is supposed branch
OF the Mimbres, where there some deserted copper
mines They said TO be rich, both ana
gold, and the specimens Obtained sustain this assertion
We learned that those who worked them made their Tor
tunes but the Apaches did like their proximity and
one day turned out, destroyed the town, and drove of the
Inhabitants There the remains OF some twenty or
thirty adobe houses, and fifteen shafts sunk into the
earth The entire surface of the hill occupied by them
covered with iron pyres and the red oxide OF copper
pal is hesuphuret One specimens OF anlino-
NAL silver were also obtained.
MIR Mcknight, of the earliest adventures In New
Mexico, was the principal operator these mines and
arrival in the country he was suspected be agent
the United States and thrown in Sonora where
he kept ia irons for eleven He said have
stated, that the gold found in the Of these MINES pa
all the expenses OF the mining, and the transportation
the ore TO The city OF Mexico, where it reduced"
We learn from the journal that this beautiful country
is in the hands of the Apache Indians who thus de-
scribed
.These men have no fixed homes Their houses are of
wigs made easily, and deserted with indifference They
hover around the beautiful hills that the Del Noe
between the 3is and 32d parallels OF latitude, and LOOK
down upon the States of Chihuahua and Sonora and woe
TO the ckess company that ventures out unguafded by
strong force. Their hills covered with uxurant grams
which enables them to keep their horses fine ORDER so
that they can always pursue with rapidly and retreat WIN
safety. The light and graceful manner in which hey
mounted and dsmouned always upon the right side, was
the admiration OF ALL The children horseback from
infancy There was amongst them poor delormed We
man, with legs and arms larger than infants coua
countenance. She was well mounted, and the gallant
manner in which some of the planned Apaches waited on