Carroll free press. [volume] (Carrollton [Ohio]) 1834-1861, 1848-11-10
From the Ge1esec Farmer.
Deep Iillage Of the Sell,


Aii.r thorough draining deep EHage aud sl
ways having growing crop On The land ar
4 matters of inosIimable importance. THIS SUB
! IacI can hardly BE- too much talked Of, and sfl
died BY practical farmers. Deep liIl5ge, wha
. Is ~ How does II enrich The surface soil, an,
, augment she annual crops Of the husbandman
II enables the atmosphere with its natural alois
iure, us oxygen, carJoU.c acid and ammonia-
win all th4 gaseous elements Of plants and aai
: mas which die and lecDmDosc on The gfuund-
!, TO penetrate deep into the eallh. oossned an.
Inc.lowed as It should be by subsoi! plowils.
, Porous loan, clay, mould, marls and even
sand aud graye'iy eauhs, have the power 10 con.
dense bysh the yapors aud pure gasses contain.
ed in the air-to absorb ant iix them in the soil
where they perform most important chemical
functions 10 The laboratory Of nature. 10 he
first place we desire The reader to bear in mind
that the gasses which peryude the atmosphere
are the clemens Of wheat, corn, clover and
flesh, for which God has given 10 the earth a
strong natural affinity. Hence, If dead pig be
buried 10 soil foot deep, you get no small
from The same, which is not the case If the cur
cass lie and rot on the ground. A shallow soil
with the hard-pan close to the surface will nb-
sorb small dose Of these fertIizng cons.ilu.
ents of dead plants and animals. No matter
how richly laden shower may be with the ele-
ments Of crop. poorly plowed, a shallow till
cd piece Of ground can absorb and hold very
llule Of the much needed moisture, aud other
food Of starving grain.
| During the heat Of summer. when the farmer
makes his crops, an immense amount Of insen.
t5bIe moisture eyaporates from the surface of the
earth, and especially from the leaves Of trees
and smaller vegetables. light vessel that will
catch and hold all the rain that falls during the
SIX warmesl months in the year, standing out
lalriy 10 the weather, will be dry more than half
| oI the time, in ordinary seasons. Evaporation
greatly exceeds the fall Of rain, during the lime
when cultivated pluLts are grown. The ex.
cess oil evaporation causes the springs to drv
up, creeks aud rivers 10 run small in summer
and autumn. As tight jug will prevent water
rom running in, as we'll as running out. so a
compact, imperyious subsoil will prevent the
ascent Of moisture in dry weather TO supply the
roots Of plants with their indispensable wa,er,
as well as obstruct the descent Of wafer when
in excess on fields.
Nothing is palmer than the facl that, when
the rains Of spring and fall, and the SHOWS of
winter, saturate the earth with moisture for ma
ny feet in depth, the water that descends into
the ground carries in solution all the solabIe or.
ganlc and inorganic elements Of plants, down so
far as it runs. Dissolve an ounce of salt in a
gallon of water, and wherever the water per-
meates, the salt goes with it. You must euapo-
rate the water TO separate the salt.
Providence has made the subso and The
earth below it a vast reservoir Of water more or
less mpregnated with those things tina. com.
blne III cultivated pants-in human food-to
form ultimately, the bones, brains, flesh and
blood ofman and ofall inferior animals. Kind
reader, would you organize these constituents
OF grain and grass largely and cheaply in your
growing crops! Then break The undercrus,.
that the moisture below with lis sats of lime,
lis dissolved bones, polish, soda, magnesia.
sulphur. phosphorus, iron, carbon and
nitrogen, may come up 10 the thirsty roots OF
your plants, and fully noursh the same. A
deep titled soil mbibes more solar heat in SUM
mer than shallow plowed one. Being warm
ar, chemical changes are more rapd-more
food is prepared for your crops in a given time.
The mean temperature of the earth in Georgia
IS from l2 10 10 degrees higher than in New
York.
After corn is planted, or the seeds of wheat.
barley, rye and outs are covered, there is an ad-
vantage in rolling the ground 10 compress the
earth about the seeds; and TO check the too ra.
nd evaporation at The surface Of titled land
We have studied this matter Of solar evapora. 5
ion with care, in more States than one. i
To enrich farm, by accommodating thereon !
he raw materials for making cheap bread, milk, T
neat and clothing. every acre, forest, meadow. a
'aslure and plowed land, should have, during 5
IS much of the time as is practicable, large 5
urden of grOVing vegetation to organize and
tx in tangible shape all The constituents of /
rops as they exist in the ever moving air. and a
n the surface and subsoil. If not fixed, they q
glII be lost to the farmer. Air and wafer are Q
ever slagnant and still over and in the earth
healthy neighborhood. So soon as one
rop is off, another should be in, to collect and g
ave the dissolving mould, the salt ofI lime, pot. '
Sh, &C., in the soiI--to extract fertzing min =
rails from the subsoil, and gases from The at.
1osPhere. Ii these auxiIiares crops are not G.
eeded for hay, nor pasture, nor soilng, nor to II
ell in market, plow them in, and SOW more ii
sed still farther to enrich your land. Vegeta- W
e vitality, constantly addlng weight and sub. III
ance to the sum total of organized matter OIL m
our plantations is the great and mysterious u
over, which God has provided 70" industrious, E
'asoning man TO work with, and supply his DC
yer increasing numbers with an abundance of NJ
od and clothing. Vegetable life, to be useful tn
The highest degree to our race, must be ac. a.
We in the highest degree--not dormant most al
the year, and only half developed when cult. W
lted plants are pretending to grow. gr
How Houses ARE TAUGHT.-Astey's method
as 10 give each horse his nitiatory lessons a. X
ne and when there was no noise or anything 70
direct his attention from his instructor. lfIS
e horse was interrupted during the lesson, or TO
S intention in any way Withdrawn, he was dis
issed for that day. When perfect in certain 6,
ssons by himself he was associated with other ~