Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1848-09-09

of them occupying high official stations Not feeling that
time quite Of the sequel did not indulge in the enhu
siac expressions which of the letters contained
endeavoed to render the Pope full justice desire to do
now. And say that the recent intelligence from abroad
jufes all the expectations which have entertained in
respect his contemplated of REFORM He has al
ready done much for good government in Italy, He arayed
himself boldly the outset against the influence Of Austria
Influence which, since the general pacfcaon of Europe
in 1915, has been perfect blight upon the growth and pro-
gess OF popular freedom He has resisted eaessly the de-
signs that Government upon the independence Of the Ro
people, He has refused the Austrian troops passage
through his ominons for the purpose of aiding the King Of
the Two Sces in putting down the struggles of the Neapo
Titan and Sican people against the narrow minded tyranny
by which they have been oppressed he has done
he has formed national guard in the Papa States he has
put the hands Of the Roman people, and he is pre-
pairing them by military exercises for the assertion and main
tenance Of their rights. He has, in word, given
impulse popular freedom throughout Italy ard it is owing
In great degree to him that constitutional oms OF govern
ment have been given the people of Sardinia Tuscany and
the Two Siciles.
The late arrival affords still gratifying evidence Of
his movements Two papers have been put into my hands,
from which will read brief extracts. The first from let
ter in the Courier DIES Eats Uns dated in Paris, which
will translate literally
"The reaction Of the revolution in Naples has been felt,
as foesaw, in the other parts Of Italy The King of Sar
dina and the Grand Duke Of Tuscany have also given
their subjects constitution, modelled after the French char
ter. Plus the Ninth has promised in proclamation and
in conversation with those around him. something analogous
oit In the time he has changed his cabinet and
has formed ministry composed almost entirely Of laymen
| sThs is great reform"
The other extract is from the letter of the European CORE
spondent of the National Inegencer published in this
ing's paper will read it:
The good and conscientious Pope has had misgvngs
to his power to grant reformed constitution to his people,
fearing that his doing would interfere with the oath which
he took at his accession TO Office hand down the Tempo
.yaAties of his kingdom uninured to his He
submitted his doubts to council Of eccesiascs learned in
such matters and the result decision that his yielding
to e wishes OF the people and the sPn OF the times will
not be an Infringement upon his official OATH II is sup
posed therefore, that the people Of Rome will
constitution founded the principles those of
Naples, Sardinia, and Florence. His Holiness has advanced
great step, by his employment of welqualifed aymen in
high positions in the State, which have hitherto been filed
by ecceastcs Three vacancies lately occurred and three
liberal minded laymen succeeded three churchmen How
much does the world Plus TX His liberal conduct
first put the ball Of reform motions il is not destined to
i stop until It has regenerated Europe"
Thus appears that the Roman People receive from
the Pope constitutional government And, what consider
Of great Importance Of reform, he has already
begun to introduce laymen into his political councils AT the
general paccaton in 1915, it understood that the chief
ministers OF the Pope to be chosen from the ay This
understanding violated and il has been Of the leading
of public discomfort in the Papal States has been
for very long period of the reforms earnestly sought
or and may be hailed the precursor Of an ultimate sepa
of the eccesiasc and secular branches the Papal
Government, by comforting political offices laymen and
combining chuchmon to the exercise Of their ecclesiastical nc
onsan arrangement favorable alike the Church and the
State by promoting the purity OF the and the prosperity
| of the other.
/ While the Pope has much REFORM he has much to con-
tend again-no only from the opposition of those who are
hostile all progress but from the embarrassed condition Of
the finances Of the Papa States Some ten years ago. the
about nine millions Of dollars millions and
half derived from internal taxes, chiefly landed
property about four millions and half from the CUSTOMS
excise, &c1 about nine hundred thousand dollars from os-
res and the residue rsm miscellaneous Some of
these collected enormous expense The
revenue from lotteries for instance which yielded nine hun
bred thousand dollars in the gross cost about six hundred
thousand in the collection leaving only three hundred thou
sand in the treasury offset the general decentralization
of which they the In the year, the expend-
lures exceeded the about half million OF dollars
-Four years ago. understood the deficiency exceeded mill
lion, and the preceding year million and half From The
difficulty of obtaining statistical information, could
certain the amount Of the public debt hut from the interest
paid it. amounting TO about millions and half of dol
lars exceeding onequae Of the entire revenue OF the Papal
States, it have exceeded forty millions Of dollars
now, think, be less than fifty millions. II nay be
much more.
Sir this is very heavy pecuniay burden for small State
The whole superficial Of the Papa States is about th
teen thousand square mesless than third the
the State Of New York. ands population, according the
raccoia of 1885, ovo million hundred thou
sand sous-about the the population of New York
While Rome has two hundred and inhabitants square
me from the difference n surface New York has bat sixty
The population Of the Papa States very unequay dstrb
uted Only about one-thd of the surface is cultivated and
considerable portion is very thnly inhabited. doubt
whether the population has much increased during the last
fifteen years In 1885, the city Of Rome bad about hun
dred and fifty thousand inhabitants 1888, had less than
hundred and forty mine thousand-a slight decrease.
The Papa States have commerce, but little is carried
her vessels There but harbors for vessels
Of any considerable buren-C via Veccha the Meder-
ranean, and Ancona the Adriatic. The excellence Of
both ports due in good degree to the Emperor Tjan.
There other valuable ports once but they have become
useless for large vessels Terracna, the ancient capital Of
the Volsc formerly naval station Of great importance,
but it is obsuced by deposites Of sand The Porto
ld'Anzo-he ancient Anum-about midway between Terra
Gina and the mouth of the Tbe also obructed and nearly
useless, from the
There is but navgabe river in the Papa Statesthe
Tber As there have been illusions to it in the
Of the debate hope shall be excused il make some rcfe
rences also to its condition and navgabty
II empes into the Mediterranean miles from Rome
As approaches the divides into two channels On
the left stood the ancient Ostia. has long since fallen
into ruins and modern 0sta stands it but from the
unheahness of the place. is almost deserted and the chan
mel Of the is nearly filed up The night arm Is naviga-
BILE the On this channel stood the ancient city Of Por
us but only the ruins visible and the modern town
OF fiumcino has risen up mile and bali below. The
channel narrow, deep, and rapid The description Of Vir
gill he makes Eneas first the Tber, still applicable
TO it. do moi know that quote him accurately, but il
do not there gentlemen of classical learning on both
sides Of the chamber who viii correct me
-" Huyio Tibernus an9no,
i Vorticibs rapids ct multa nayus arena,
! In mare prorumpit I"