Weekly national intelligencer., 1848-07-29

becomes
Of the President the constitutional commandernchef
of the army and navy of The United States prosecute it.
In prosecuting foreign war; thus duly declared by Con-
gress have the right by sconques and military occupa
ton" acquire possession of the territories Of the enemy,
and during the war to exerse the fullest rights Of
regnty it." The sovereignty of the enemy is such
suspended and his laws no longer be rghtfuly
enforced the conquered territory, "be Obligatory upon
the inhabitants who remain and submit the conquerors
By the surrender the inhabitants spass under temporary
allegiance the conqueror, and bound by such laws
and such only as" he may choose recognise and impose
" From the of the other laws could be obga
tory upon them for where there protection ale
giance sovereignty, there be claim to Obedience
These established principles of the laws Of
recognised and pracsed by civilized nations and they have
been sanctioned by the highest udcis of country
The orders and instructions issued to the officers Of
my and navy applicable such portions of the Mexican
tory had been might be conquered by
in strict conformity to these principles They indeed
ameorations Of the rgors of the upon which might
have insisted They substituted for the harshness of military
rule something of the mdness Of civil government and
not only the exercise Of o pcsver. but were
favor of the nheptants the conquered
territory who had submitted authority, and alike
IOlhc aud humane. II is from the Of authority
that derive the unquesoned right after has been de-
cared by Congress- blockade the ports and coasts the
enemy to capture his Cities and Provinces and toevy
contributions upon him for the support Of army Of the
character with these the right to subject to our tempo
raj military government the conquered territories q enemy
They all belgerent rights and their exercise is
a to the successful prosecution Of foreign the right
to fight battles.
New Mexico and Upper California were among the terri
tories conquered and occupied by forces, and such tempo
rary governments were established them They
established by officers of army and navy in command in
pursuance of the orders and instructions accompanying
message the House Of Representatives Of December 3d.
1916 In their form and detail, at first established, they
exceeded in respects stated in that message the
authority which had been given and instructions for the
recon Of the issued in dispatches from the War
and Navy Departments Of the lh of January ls47copie
of which herewith transmitted They have been maintain
ed and supported out of the military exacons and conbu
levied upon the enemy and part OF the expense has
been paid out of the Treasury of the United States.
In the routine Of duty Of the officers Of the army and
navy, who first established temporary in Cafo
MIA New Mexico have been succeeded in command by
other officers upon whom like duties have devoved and the
agents employed designated by them control the Temporal
have ALSO instances been superseded
by others Such appointments for temporary civil duty dur
ing military occupation, made by the officers
mand in the conquered territories respectively.
On the conclusion and exchange OF racaons Of treaty
of peace with Mexico, which was proclaimed on the 4h in
stant these temporary necessarily ceased exist
In the instructions establish temporary government
New Mexico distinction made between that and the
other provinces of Mexico which might be taken and held in
| our military occupation.
The Province of New Mckee, according to its ancient
boundaries claimed by Mexico lies both sides of the
Rio Grande That part Of the east Of that
dispute when the between the United States and Mexico
commenced Texas by successful revolution in April,
1885, achieved and subsequently maintained her ndepend
BY of the Congress Of Texas passed in De-
cember 1885, her boundary declared be the
Rio Grande, from its mouth to its source, and thence due
north to the forty degree north latitude Though
the Republic of Texas by acts Of sovereignty which she
exeed and exercised of which stated my annual
message Of December 1886, had established her clear title
the country Of the Nence and bordering that part
of the Rio Gande which lies below the Province of New
Mexico she had conquered reduced actual
sion, and brought under her and laws that part
Of New Mexico lying east of the Rio Grande which she claim
al .~ thah - of
found Mexico in possession OF this disputed territory As
army approached Santa Fe he capital Of New Mexico
found to be held bya under Mexican authority
and an armed force collected to resist advance The
habans Mexcans, acknowledging allegiance Mexico
The boundary dispute the line between the two countries
engaged in actual and the settlement Of il Of necessity
depended on treaty Of peace Finding the Mexican autho
ties and people in possession forces conquered the and
extended military rule them and the territory which they
qciualy occupied, in lieu of the sovereignty which dis
placed 1t was not possible disturb change the prac
cal boundary line in the midst Of the war; when negoia-
on for its adjustment could be opened and when Texas
not present by her constituted authorities establish and
maintain government hostile Mexican population who
acknowledged allegiance her There was, therefore,
no alternative left but TO establish and maintain military rule
during the war over the conquered people IN the disputed
to who had submitted to our arms forbear the exer-
OF begerent rights and leave them in a Of
archy and without control.
Whether the country in dispute ghtfuy belonged to Mexi
co or to Texas was right in the first and our duty
as well as our night in the latter conquer and hold IL.
Whilst TINS territory in possession conquerors with
population hostile to the United States, which than
once broke out IN open nsunecon,
BILE duty to continue military occupation Of it until the
conclusion OF the war, and establish military gov
ernment necessary for security well for pro-
tcctioh Of the conquered people,
by the joint resolution Of Congress Of March ls45 for
annexing Texas TO the United Staes the adjustment
questions OF boundary which may arise with other Govern
monts was reserved TO this Government When the con-
quest Of New Mexico by the
ion OF boundary remained still dusied Unthe exchange
Of the ra6csons Of the late treaty. Mexico never be-
undipued portion the United States and il would
portion OF It on the east side the Rio Grande which
asserted claim However just the right Of Texas may have
been TO that right bad been reduced into her possess
sion, and IL was contested by Mexico
BY the cesson Of the whole Of New Mexico both sides
OF The ko Grande 10 the United taes the question Of dis
puted boundary so far as Mexico concerned has been set
tied leaving the question the limits Of Texas, ia
New Mexico to be adjusted between and the Unit
cd States Under the circumstances existing during the PEN
dency Of the and while the whole Of New Mexico
claimed by enemy IN military occupation,
not unmndfu Of the rights OF Texas to that portion Of il
which she claimed TO be within her limits In
letter from the Governor Of Texas dated on the 4h Of Janua
y lea7, the Secretary Of State, by my direction, informed
him, in letter Of the 18th Of February Is47 that in the
Presidents annual Of December 1896 "You have
already perceived that New Mexico il at pescn, in the
poray occupation Of the troops Of the United States and the
government over Is military In lis character II is merely
such must exist under the laws Of nations and
OF war, to preserve order and protect the rights Of the nhab