The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-07-07

the general interests of mankind r
The immediate establishment of Territorial govern
ments and the extension oil laws these valuable
deemed to be not only important but
dspensabe preserve order and the due administration
inhabitants and facilitate the development of the
resources and wealth which their acquisition has added
to our country.
The war with Mexico having terminated the power of
the Executive to establish to continue temporary civil
governments these Territories which existed under
the laws OF nations whilst they regarded
quered provinces military occupation, has ceased
By their cesson TO the United States Mexico has no
longer any power them; and until Congress shall
act the inhabitants will be without any organized gov
eminent Should they be left in this condition, confu
sion and anarchy will be likely to prevail
Foreign commerce to considerable amount is now
carried on in the ports OF Upper California, which will
require to be regulated by our laws AS soon as our
system shall be extended over this commerce, revenue
of considerable amount will be collected and it
not doubted that will be annually increased For these
and other obvious reasons deem II to be my duty earn
esty to recommend the action OF Congress the subject
at the present session.
In organizing governments over these Territories,
raugh with such vast advantages TO every portion OF our
Union, invoke that spirit of concession, Cancellation,
and compromise in your deliberations, in which the con-
stuhon framed, in which it should be administered,
and which is Indispensable to preserve and pepeuae
the harmony and union of the States We should never
forget that this Union of conederaed States estab
shed and cemented by kindred blood, and by the com
mon tolls, suferings dangers, and umphs OF all lis
parts, and has been the augmenting OF
national greatness and of all our blessings.
lHeTe mas, perhaps, Uecn the WARNING
mpessvey given to his countrymen by Washington to
guard against geographical divisions and sectional parties,
which appeals with greater force than the present to the
patriotic sober minded and rejecting OF all parties and
of all sections of country Who calculate the
value of glorious Union II is model and example
of free to all the world and is the star of
hope and the haven OF rest to the oppressed OF every
cline By its preservation, have been rapidly adj
vanced as nation to height of strength, power and
happiness without parallel in the history OF the world
AS extend its blessings regions shall we be
to endanger its existence by geographical
| divisions and discussions!
With view to encourage the early settlement of these
distant possessions, recommend that liberal grants OF
the public lands be secured to all our citizens who have
settled, or may in limited period settle, within their
limits
In execution of the provisions of the treaty, orders
have been issued to military and naval forces to
evacuate without delay, the Mexican provinces, cities,
towns, and fortified places military occupation and
which are not embraced in the territories coded to the
United States The army is already its way to the
United States That portion OF it, as well regulars as
volunteers, who engaged to serve during the war with
Mexico, will be discharged they can be trans
ported marched to convenient points in the vicinity OF
their homes part OF the regular army will be EN-
protection to the inhabitants and TO guard our interests
in these territories.
The old army, as it existed before the commencement
of the with Mexico-especiay if authority be given
fill the rank and file OF the several corps to the
imum number authorized during the war-it is believed
period OF peace A few additional officers in the line
and staff OF the army have been authorzed and these
believed, will be necessary the peace establishment
and should be retained in the service The number of
the general officers may be reduced, vacancies
by the casualties of the service to what was before the
war.
forms of government less free than have been
ages oppressed by taxation to support large standing
armies in periods OF peace, our experience has shown
that such establishments unnecessary In republic
Our standing army to be found IN the bosom OF society
is composed OF free citizens, who are ever ready TO
take ND arms in the service of their country when an
closed fully confirms the opinion, that such army may
be raised upon few weeks notice, and that citizen
soldiers are equal to any troops the world. No
son. therefore, perceived why should enlarge
land forces and thereby subject the treasury to an annual
increased charge.
Sound policy requires that we should avoid the crea.
ton of large standing army period of peace. No
public exigency requires IT, Such armies are not only
expensive and unnecessary, but may become dangerous
to liberty.
Besides making the necessary legislative provisions for
the execution OF the treaty, and the establishment OF
rtoa governments in the coded country we have, upon
the restoration of peace other important duties TO per-
form. Among these regard none as more important
than the adoption OF proper measures Tor the speedy ex
tngushment of the national debt. 1t is against sound
policy and the genius of institutions, that public
debt should be permitted to exist day longer than the
OF the treasury will enable the government to pay
it OFT
| We should adhere to the wise policy laid down by
President Washington, of avoiding the accumulation
of debt only by stunning occasions OF expense, but
by vigorous time of peace TO discharge the
debts which unavoidable have occasoned, not
generously throwing upon postery the burden we our
| selves ought to bear"
! AT the commencement of the present administration
the public debt amounted to l7,7SS, 799 62. In
quence of the with Mexico, has been necessarily
increased, and amounts to 65 ,450 Al including
the stock and treasury notes which may yet be issued
under the act OF January %, 1s47 and the sixteen million
loan recently negotiated under the act of March 81 1913
In addition to the amount of the debt the treaty stpu-
laes that twelve millions of dollars shall be paid to
Mexico in four equal annual instruments of three mil
lions each; the first of which will fall due the 30th OF
May, 1s4g The treaty also stpulates that the United
States shall assume and pay" TO citizens 'the
claims already qudaed and decided against the Mexi,
republic" and call claims not heretofore decided
ceeding three and e-quarer millions of dollars" The
Gquidated claims of citizens of the United States against
Mexico, decided by the joint board of commissioners
under the convention between the United States and
Mexico, of the 18th of April 1899, amounted to ~ 026,
1879 6S. This sum payable in twenty equal annual
instruments Three of them have been paid to the claim
by the Mexican government, and two by the United
dated assumed by the United States, the OF
$l,5l9,604 rs, together with the interest thereon
| These several amounts of 'iqudated" and unliqui-
dated claims assumed by the United States it is believed
may be paid they fail due out OF the accrung revenue
without the issue OF stock or the creation OF any addl-
tiona public debt
| cannot too strongly recommend to Congress the i'm
portance of outstanding all national resources, OF
limiting the public expenditures to necessary Objects and
of applying all the surplus at any time In the treasury to
the redemption OF the debt. recommend that authority
be vested in the Executive by law to anticipate the pc
Rod of reimbursement of such portion OF the debt may
not be redeenabe, and to purchase it, at par, at
the premium which it may command in the market, in
all in which that authority has not already been