New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1848-07-18

years ago-the MARQUIS OF ConyngbsIn visited this e.
tate for few days His CHIEF, agent M behDo",
usually year and The sup-A4eh's 't''l ".
tenants every bafvear 10 collect their rents Al short
periods Of few years, the farms are Nisien 20 Sc VIA
increased rents they VII bear ana his j. lhe eAssh VI
the acquaintance Of the Marquis OF Conyngnam Win ms
tenarts This poblenan himself bears the character
Of kind hearted generous man,-iond Of yachting ana
amusement and having an excessive distase or every
kind Of business or trouble from one end OF ms large
estate here the other nothing Is 20 e found but pow
ertv misery wreiched cultivation and infinite subdi-
vision Of land There no gentry no middle class
al are poor wretchedly poor. Every shilling the ten
ants raise from their halfculuyated land paid IN
rent while the people subsisi for the most part on pota
toes and water
Now this il not hearsay or imagination. ! walked
couple Of miles from Glentes among the farmers cot
tazes with guide,-ihe Vice-President Of the Poor
Law Union there-and wiz shortly describe 20 you
the condition OF the farmers had i from their own
lips and noted il down at the time
The land is not let by the acre, but by whst j. term
ed a cows So many cows grass 70 farm.
cows grass j. a measure Of land usually II means
AZ much mountain grazing land as will keep COW au'
ring the Summer and much arabic land a. VII Keep
the COW house in fodder during the WINTER ne SIZE
OF the farms varies from six 70 twenty acres and larger
by the measurement Of acres Inc rent OF aIaDle AM
Is about 3Os an acre II l. sandy soil AMI bog mixed
on q granite rock foundation. Tie grazing mountain
land Is let about p. Cd an acre Inc farmer pays
his rent and rates By dsposng Of bis butter pigs eggs
beef hay and oats-and milk when he can seillt tie
usually sells he rh0le Of hs Podpct except potaioes
and buys meal on credit IN order % pay MS rent ana
the countycess. If the tenant lives near town wnere
hr can sell hs milk he sells that also and the common
drink their potatoes then IS an Infusion OF pepper
pey and oqer a. being tasty than water some
times they hard pushed for their rent that they
viii bay a hciier credit az 40 or ~ mucn above
the market price and sell IL again for - or "a 10 be
able 10 pay the rent j MS farmer assured me
that for the half OF this year, while his cows gave no
milk he had 10 subsst on ppo and rdf1 ana potatoes
tie could not afford 70 eat butter Not OH oil Dread
NFFrr liz
must sell the corn and the butter % give 10 the land
lord have the largest farm IN the district some
don't uay more than 20 TO g rent and am A. wen OF
AZ any In the country This man gave me his name
but did not wish il be published as II might do him
an injury with the agent This man also assured me
that many Of the tenants have no beds and he on
shake down of straw or nay on tue ground IN theh
cottages with but blanket OF aIug 10 cover hyc or sN
of the family The people, he said, do what they
can 10 improve bar te landlord does RoihiaS and they
have not the ability TO improve. They are tenants ~
will and d fhcy fupT0re ncy rCHf - rdisd dceordiSf
n fl psu radiation. The only good thing We have u
plenty of turf 10 keep US warm We never tss'o meat
of auy kind bacon, unless PIG chances % dlc OF
sofne disorder and We csnnot sell H. and would not
taste that Il We could sell IT, asked him q he would
show me the cottage OF any small farmer who Ncd IN
the way he had described lie took me immediately %
the cottages OF John and Charles MCsbe, who lived
across held close by. Into these cottages enter
ed They were stone built and well rooied-bui the
mud-fOOr uneven damp. and tlthy. In one corner
was a place for the pig with dram from II through
the wall 10 carry on Inc AlAN unuNiff cAnrit
Two chairs bodstcad of the rudest description era
die spinning wheel and an iron pot constitutes the
whole furniture An inner room contained another
rude bedstead the mud floor was quite damp In TINS
room children slept on loose hay, with one dirty
blanket TO cover them. The father mother and an IN
FAINT slept in the fret room, also on loose hay ana with
but one blanket on the bed The children were run
ming about as nearly naked possible, dressed IN the
casto RAGS of the father and mother the father could
not buy them clothes They mad not been 10 mass for
twelvomonth for want OF decent clothes to go IN
Both these men assured me that their whoie ieod was
pataoe and If they had penny 10 spare, they bought
salt or a sprats but very seldom these Instead OF
buying salt they sometimes bought pepper and mixed
il with the water they drank. This they called kiich
n,-it cave A flavor TO their food Both cottages
in the same wretched condition. and he rent Of the farm
had ben tUice rased last time from as TO 60 los II
their rent was not punctually paid, their cattle and
everything they had was Immediately distrained
From this place ! proceeded TO Dungloe village
s1icen miles farther direct H0Ttfhe whoie o. u IN ne
same property. Near one or two villages which
passed good deal of land was brought into culhvs-
uon and bore heavy crops of oats and potatoes but
mile beyond these villages nothing but bog and heather
il 10 be seen Excepting here and there a small patch
of potatoes growing the only sign OF industry saw
was couple of men hill side boring the bog with
an iron rod and searching for timber. entered sew
era cottages on the road side but they were all alike
filthy and wretcned'
- But says an obector, how do you make
ENGLAND responsible for all this There is and
Monopoly, a grasping and useless Aristocracy,
and a wretched Peasantry elsewhere than in Ire
land. or even in the British Empire. This would
have been much the same if England had never
conquered Ireland
To this we answer:
l. England, having invaded aud subiugated Ire
land, thrusting upon her a government to which
her people VIGOROUSLY are and have been deeply
hostile, has assumed the responsibility Of gorern-
iag rel. aud taking care that the powerful do not
crowd the weak to the wall. If England does not
know how to govern Ireland SO as so secure the
general comfort and contentment Of the People,
she ought to rehnquish the attempt. The true
end Of government being the happiness and secu-
rity of the governed, including of necessity their
Indictment to useful labor by the stimulus of just
and adequate rewards, and British government of
Ireland, tried by this standard, being, alter an ex-
perience of centuries manifest failure, the bank
lpt ought now TO surrender his effects and go into
liquidation.
. We have seen 10y the testimony Of The Times
among other that the master evil OF Ireland is the
Monopoly Of the Soil by few, in good part absen.
tees W no do nothing for the country they devour,
expeud no capital, afford no home market, promote
no improvement and if the tenant himself i'm
proves his little holding he is speedily punished
for il by an increase Of his rent Now this Land
Monopoly is the result OF British contscation Brit
sh laws of entail and primogeniture and British
policy generally with regard to Ireland. Had it
been the policy Of Great Britain to make the cult
vators Of the soil its owners, that policy would have
led to exactly opposite results. But British policy
and legislation tended directly to make the few
| andlorts tie many peasants, tenants serfs and
/ they have succeedcd-we have seen with what
results. Says Re7. Mr.. Giles:
BY the ArstOcTacy mean principally, the owners
OF the soil We in general the landlords, and
their immediate kindred Most OF those who have for.
tunes sufficiently large live IN England or on the Cont.
deserving at the time their country and their
duties The grcsier number have inherited their
tstes by conquest conhscaton and they have
become native to the land that gives ts luxury, but
that denies life TO the wrctchcd men Whu till IL Acct
dent has made them Irish and their ic Is long regret
/ for being They scOurge the unhappy nston in
which they have had the misfortune 10 be born and
which has had the st greater misfortune 10 hear them
The members of this class who have 70 stay AZ home
becsusc they rich enough 20 abroad consii-
ute the local magistrates and MI of the influential
local Offices large majority OF the class is utterly
bankrupt insolvcni and Most OF these men
have but the Of property for what sre called
their lie under piles Of mortgages and encum-