The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-08-10
Affairs on the Other Side OF the
Atlantic.
A Glance Mt the State OF Europe.

From the London Examiner July Is
The peculiar characteristic of the political fer
mentation which at present pervades nearly the
whole OF civilized Europe, is the simultaneous de-
yelopement, OF Its democratic and national ele-
ments. While most OF Its States are involved in
an internal struggle for the extension of political
rights, most OF its races are engaged in an exter-
nal struggle for the recognition of their several in
dependencies. Europe was never so stirred before
certainly not by the reformation, and hardly
even by the invasions of the northern nations. A
REACTION is once raging against the arbitrary dstr
button OF political power maintained by It's govern
ments, and against the the arbitrary, unjust, and
unnatural territorial distribution made at the Con-
gress OF Vienna Europe, IN a word, is in labor
with the twin birth of constitutions and of ma
nationalues. OF its five great powers, one alone
is partially exempt: While, nature has drawn
round Great Britain boundaries more lasting
than those of the diplomatists of 1915 her con.
stitutlon has been prepared by recent ame-
horations for further extension, and strengthened
against 'le storm hussa, enjoying the internal
barbarlsm of her scattered tribes, has for wears
been wasting the blood of her thousands on the
heights OF the Caucasus Is now secretly intriguing
tor more extended conquest, and is already mar
shalling her armies on the banks of the Vistula,
for Gas we firmly hope) assured defeat and dis
grace Prussia, battling with her pedant monarch
IN the streets OF his capital for her Compromised
rights, is seeking to round the territories of that
great nationality which she hopes eventually to
sway, with few green pastures torn from the
scandinavian peninsula. Austria, that anomalous
trail anarchy and provincial rebelllon and already
bereft OF the iron crown, cllngs with blind tenacty
to the territory of the Doges France is vet wall
ing over those who have fallen in the deadliest of
social struggles. Her cities are beleaguered by
her own armles and the streets of her capital are
as yet their battle field but who that knows the
proneness OF her people to clamor for forelg CON
quest, and OF her statesmen to seek vent for So
cial and political agitation In her lust her national
glory, shall say how soon the young generals who
now sway her counsels, may not seek field for
their own ambition, and solution of their nan-
cial difficulties, in war of aggression-how soon
the eagle or the cock, whichever the emblem of the
hour, shall pounce upon the heights of SAVOY, and
seek to spread either wing to the waters of the Rhine
and of the Gulf of Genoa! fthe minor States, few
present more tranquizlng picture. The half-ap-
preciated Liberties OF Spain, trodden down in the
streets of Madrid by the iron wheel of Narvaez,
are finding voice IN the provincial risngs of her
infatuated occupant. The troops of the Neapotan
Bourbon are blyonacking at once on the banks OF
the Adige, the heights of Caabra, and the flags
of the Toledo. The. Vicegerent of God signs in
burghers of the Corso. Leopold of Tuscany is
fain to merge the interests of his fatier-house in
the rights of Italian Independence and Charles
Albert browns the cries of internal sedton in the
din OF national war dozen of political vol. |
canoes are In activity. Such, at this moment is |
Europe Without doubt, this fermentation must
result IN new distribution of territorial power as
well as of political rights and it is OF the first
moment that thls distribution shall be such as
may guarantee permanent and natural state of
European, peace-a peace that shall leave no ex-
cuse for the waste of national resources in the
maintenance OF monstr0us standing armies, but
shall enable the various States of Europe to devote
all their energies to the deveopement of their po
litical and social welbeing such distribution,
IN fact, as shall leave the great changes which
the future has doubtless In store Changes far
greater than than those even contemplated at pre-
sen) to the peaceful and natural deveiopenlent of
the altinltles OF races, tongues and institutions
10 bring about such settlement, assuredy no
faith is 10 be placed IN European Congress, from
which all our experience has taught us to expect,
net peace-making, but mischief. making Just as
little trust is to be placed in diplomatic mediation
iet impartial and Judicial advice from our own
nation must have its value and the heated comba.
tants may benefit by her counsels, if given in the
spirit OF Justice and impartiaty AT The present
moment, the case which most urgently calls for
central anarchy has enabled the government of
Austria TO reinforce the army of Radetzki with
$4,000 men, and emboldened it to Law down as the
basis of any settlement of the Italian question, the
Tyro. Lord Palmerston has discreetly as well as
generously refused to undertake mediation on
any such impracticable basis. Assuredly the reso-
luton is wise one; and we trust that no endeavor
will be spared to combat by the most earnest coun-
sci, nfauation which, If persisted in, would In
all probability let loose the flood gates of general
European war. and without question end in the
ignominious REIMBURSEMENT by Austria of these
nanclal burdens which some may consider that she
has right to demand, and which she is now IN so
fair position to enforce. 1t is painful to in
telligent journal and its intelligent correspondent
advocating the adoption OF an arrangement, which
would have no other consequence than to leave
both to Ausrians and Italians perpetual inhe-
rltance OF heart-burnlng,. without single CORE
spondent advantage to either. We can make every
allowance for the not unnatural indignation of the
statesmen of Austria at the successful enterprise
of an ambitious rival, and for the still less unna-
tural desire of her generals to retrieve humliatng
defeats, which would dictate an adherence to their
present determination; but we most earnestly
depxecate the settlement of the Italian question
upon any other basis than the entire abandonment
by Austria Rof purely Italian tcrritory-of every
spot where Italian nationality and language are
established. The interests of Europe-and, we
firmly believe, the true interests Of Austria herself
--mperatiyely require that the kingdom of North
em Italy shall at once assume strong and def |
mite position among the States of Europe. The
port of Venice is indispensable to the full and free
development OF the internal resources of Lom-
hardy; while that of Trieste is more than suffi-
cient tor the wants OF Austrian commerce, even
increased, as we hope 1t soon to be, by her par
tcipation in that great nationality which is now
struggling into shape, and by the reflux OF Ger
man cvisation through Its channels towards that
East from whence Teutonic barbarls flowed
The interests OF Europe require that Austria shall
withdraw within the line which divides the Lit
torale, iyira, and the Austrian Tyro, from the
Venetian territory and from the properly Italian
Tyrol When this arrangement Is consummated
she herself Will soon discover that the vulgar
traffic which consists in exchanging salt and iron
silk and hemp and wine and cheese will be more
10 her honor and advantage than the rule of I'M
willing strangers, maintained by the brute vio-
lence OF Croafs and brlstling fortresses. Freedom
can never flourish on the banks of the Danube, if
the same people are to maintain hateful tyranny
on those of the AdIge.
Interesting Debate on the Frcnch COnstltu.
0Or--The Nomination for the PreslSlency
The DureauX OF the National Assembly a hpuIn-
ming TO name their delegates to confer with the
Committee on the Constitution. The four follow
ing gentlemen have been already. appointed MN.
Preston, Berryer, Cremieux, and Chauffeur The
question of the nomination of the President of the
republic has given rise to very animated discus
sions. Two systems are in presence-one, TO