The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-07-08
TllIKsTIETII CONGRESS-.
FIRST SESSION.

WssuIrcrov. JnlyG 1913

|
wasmrrcro~, Jny O. 1sis.
| ruE orrGos srLL--rHE wrLuoT PRovrso.
The rgon bill med, with various PROPOSE
lions pending to amend strike out the 18th section,
which excludes slavery from Oregon.
| MIR. Mason. tof Va) rose to an examination Of the
injustice and uncOnstitutionalty Of this Wilmst
vfo thus fought by this twelfth section. 10 bs a x.d
principle in the territorial government OF Oregon
lie pursued the samc general ground Of argument as
that pursued by Mr. Calhoun this quo tion: appeal
ing to the guarantees Of the constitution and the
cefsary compromises which must exist between the
States of confederation extending all the varic
ties Of climate and products within tho temperate
zone Mutual co by he parts Of 40 exte nsve
n confcderacy agreed to in the federal compact
and for the common good; and for the common good
they murt continue to be maintained or the
equality If the members Of the Union is destroyed
Every compromise found In the constitution - qua
ranty; every guaranty Is fixed obligation upon the
fbal be permitted to pass into law? They will be
dissolved and the allegiance Of the South to the cons
and what becomes of the slaves Of tho South! There
three millions ofslaves in the South and from their
whites. What shall be done with them. If you draw
this line of decentralization around and hem up
according to the recommendation of the Senator from
Vermont? What shall we do with fields worn out,
REDUNDANT slave population--the white population
broken down In their efforts to support their negroes
and these negroes increasing constantly upon their
their hands? What shall they do What shall we
do with these people, thus pcnned up and accumu-
latipg upon us Suppose send out the surplus ma
freemen-whcrc will they go? IL there u place for
them? Not one fthe free States would receive them
John Ra doph by his will man UNITED his five hun
bred slaves, providing location for them in Ohio.
His executor purchased the location in Ohio. These
five hun bred manumitted slaves were carried there
and provided for But sir they expelled from
Ohio by force, by the people Of the very
where this home had been prepared for this unortu-
nate colony. The Senator from New York (Nr Dix
had truly said that the black decreased on this
continent and In . this Union in state Of freedom
ern States, especially in your Northern cities -
See the bitter prejudiccs which crush them dow n
and drive them into the dark holes. and dank
cellars and noisome stews Of your Northern ci-
ties Would you seek to destroy this African race by
compelling the South to throw the unwelcome surplus
Of Der black population into this unwecone free
DOM which they meet with in the North! What else
can he done with this wall Of decentralization which
you propose to throw around us? Mr.. Mason, in u
to Mir PHELPS. insinuated that were proper
ty that they first brought here from tho shores
OF Africa slaves. recognize such by law
recognition confirmed by all subsequent legislation
down to the recognition and guarantees of the cons
| tuition.
| Mr. WAIVER, of Wisconsin, would ask the Senator
nom Virginia If he considers slavery natural condi
ton of and that his emancipation is mere Incl
dent Of the authority having &C ntro his servi
| tude?
| Mir. MssoS-Tho natural ondtion of man il lust
that condition in which he came from the hand of his
| Maker No more. The circumstances which grow
| up around him, the establishment of laws controlling
bis condition, establish the position in which he
stands among his fellow men. Circumstances aud
the South 1t is an existing Institution; and once
fixed. it is so till abolished by law. Slavery was never
established by any one Of the Southern states. II
introduced and recognized by the British govern.
ment. The first slaves brought over by q Dutch
ship of war into Virginia, in 1920 They were sold and
bought slaves and the relation of master and slave
was acknowledged, and the importation from Africa
became a branch Of commerce.. 1t requires special
law to create slavery but it does require special
| law to abolish it. ! am opposed to any infringe
ment of the guarantees sustaining in our rights OF
property under this institution because any inter
ference whatever hazards the compact Of our political
existence. Not one Of the presidents cited by the
Senator from New York (slr Dix can be sustained as
authorizing suspension of the right of all the citi-
of all the States of removing into any of the ter
rtores Of the Union with all their property This
suspension was not authorised by the Missouri COM
promise. That was n concession Of the South; not a
power incident to Congress. Mr. Mason concluded by
reviewing The startling efforts made in the Empire
State and in the North for the organisation geo.
graphical party which, If It be permitted to come to
maiurity--a Northern party and a Southern party
! must end in the disruption OF the Union He hoped
Ibis organisation would be arrested and prepared
in spirit of concession, to submit again to the hum,
liation Of the Missouri compromise only alter
native, II there be other of restoring the harmony
and maintaining the stability of the Union.
| MIR. JoHNsoH of Georgia, secured tia floor. and on
his motion the bill was laid aside till tomorrow.
NAVAL AUTHORIZATIONS
On motion or MIR. ATnERTeS, Chairman Finance,
the House bill of Naval Appropriations was taken up.
Mr.. AtHrnTos moved to strike out several items for
The erection of marine hospitals at various points from
| prop,iate to this bill
The motion was discussed by Messrs. johnson. Of
La: Underwood, Breese Davis, of Mass Davis Of Mis-
sissippi, Benton, and Sebastian.
Several messages from the President of tho United
states the treaty message supposed to be among them
Messrs. Westcott Phelps. Underwood and Anterior,
continued the discussion; when, at the instance of
Mir. HAsNEcAN. the bill was laid aside until to-mcr
row, when the Presidents message. announcing the
ratification Of the treaty Of peace with Mexico
closing the official correspondence the subject &C.
was opened and read to the Senate, follows =
| THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.
10 nc senate and House 81 Representatives. Of he Uni
| lay before Congress copies Of treaty of peace,
frie ndship limits and settlement between the United
States aud the Mexican republic the rathcatons of
which were duly exchanged ct tho city Of Queretaro
| in Mexico, on the 30th day of May, 1888. 80
| The war in which country was reluctantly in
yoved in the necessary vindcation Of the national
rights and honor, has been thus terminated: and l
at Ito N oV1n
| upon the restoration ola honorable peace
The extensive and valuable territories by Mex
leo to the United States constitute indemnity for
past and the brilliant achievements and signal sue
eesses Of our arms will be guaranty OF security
the future, by convincing all nations that rights
must be resp, The results Of the war with Next
co have given to tho United States national charac
ter nbroadwhch our country never before enjoyed Our
power and our resources have become known and ere
respected throughout the world and shall probably
be saved from tho necessity Of engaging in another
foreign war for Along series CT years 10 subject Of
congrai ulation hat havc passed through war of
more than two years DURATION with The business of
the country uninterrupted with resources uncx-
haustcd and tho public credit unimpaired. M
communicate for the information of Congress the
accompanying documents and correspondence rela-
ting to the negotiation and ratification of the treaty
Before the treaty can be fully executed the part
Of the United States legislation will be required 1t
VIII be proper to make the oprations for
the payment Of the twelve millions dollars stpula-
ted by the twelfth article to be paid Mexico In four
were appropriated by the act Of March g. lsi7 and
that sum was paid to the Mexican government after
the exchange Of the Publications Of the treaty
The fifth article of the treaty pro vidcs that Z" in
order to designate the boundary line with due preo
sion upon authoritative maps and to establish upon
the ground land marks which shall show the limits OF
both republics described in the present article the
two governments shall each appoint commissioner
and surveyor who before the expiration year
from the date of the exchange of ratnoaons of this
treaty sh all meet at the port of San Diego aud pro-
coed to run and mark the said boundary In its whole
course to the mouth Of the po Bravo del Norte" 1t
win be necessary that provision should DO made by
law for the appointment of commissioner and sur
veyor the part Of the ntod States TO act in
junction with a commissioner and surveyor appointed
by Mexico in executing the stipuations Of this article
1t will be proper also to provide by law for the ap
pointment of board of commssionersn to adiuii.
cntc andJccdo upon all claims Of our citizens nvrpst
she Mexican government, which, by the treaty have