davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1848-07-14
New YORK, July IL.

NEW YORK, July l..
A telegraPhic despatch from Paris TO the
Courier and Enquirer, dated Friday evening
June % states that the members Of the Proyi
slonal Governmental resigned, and that Gen.
Cavaignac headed the troops. and had declared
the capital in state of seige. Fighting was
going on in the streets, and the telegraph had
been cut down to prevent further communion
cation.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1848-07-14
CITY CP EVANSVILLE:
FRIDAY MORNING, JULY IA.

FRANcE.-The following telegraphic dec
patch to Lonisvill is ofan important and excl
ting character:
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1848-07-14

NorIcE.-The genuine Upham's Electuary has his
written signature, thus ora UPham, NJ. d. The
hand is alone done with pen. Price 81 Box.
9-S0ld wholesale and retail by KETCHuM &
HENSHAW, l2l Fulton street, n. Y, andy Drug
gists generally throughout the United Sta.es and
Canadas. Nv ~.
The Evansville daily journal. [volume] (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.]) 1848-1862, 1848-07-14

EGRAyoST, Berk Co. Mass, Nov. %, ls47
The above certificate tells simple and truthful
story OF suffering and relief OF which, as physician
and witness i'm the case, cheerfully endorse.
DIR. CHAPMAN.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
Carriage and Wagon Mandatory

TnNllANKFUL for past iayors, the Undersigned
IL would respectfully inform his lriends nnd the
public generally that he is still engaged in the u.
bOve brauch oibusincss, at the OIL Stand one
and quarter miles East Of Lancaster, ON the
Pike, whore he naitcrs himself that lie is better
calculated and prepared 10 execute work, in n
neater, better aud more fashionable style than ev.
er--ir0m the fact that he has taken greater cure
10 the selection Of his timber and tools aud has
employed experienced worknnen; aud IN cunDcc.
ton with this, he ia determined 10 conduct his
business upon the basis Of ready pay and small
profis, so that his customers eau be nCcOInmUda.
ted with any article from Wheekbarr0w 10 Il
t,co-korr Carriage, WARRANTED u he execu-
ted IN US good und neat style, fnot better, aud
sold for less money, ihnn can bo obtnined ut my
establishment in the county
As a proof Of this, the following list of articles
aud prices arc here annexed;
Woodwork OftwO.hUrse Wagons. $500
do do one.horse Buggies.... 1900
Wagons, complete for from Sj5. to $65
Bugsi..s do $55, TO as.
Aud all other articles At corresponding low rates
aud rdrTaAted. l.. NJ WINTER.
December 10, 1917.
n. d. All kinds OF Produce, ut the highest
cash prices, taken for work. Also, stock such us
Horses, Cattle Hogs Sc.
Call and see US aud We willdI you good Re
member that a penny avedis us good us two
earned.
EY'ToLL paid, on all Casions, where the
work amounts to five l'l,lrS, and work Alway,
done Immediately. L. NJ w.
December TO- laH ly3l.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
lDOrtnal.
ANFW TAYLOR SONG.


Composed fortks Fourth Ward ROEgh + Ready
Club, Baltimors CITY.
Tune Of lslO--Hurrah Hurrah.
Gen. Tavlor's the innn for whom shall vote!
HuTah. Harrah, Hurrah!
Let every freeman sound the note!
Hurrah, Hurrah, Hurrah!
Then wen all huuah for Gen. T.,
For he is the Wings right nominee!
HuTTuh, Hurrah Hurrah, Hurrah
Hurrah. HurTsh, HurIah!
We want an honest, upright man, Hurrah, Sc.
To vanish sorrow from our land, Hurrah, &c.
Then Zachary Taylor suits us all,
Submissive To his country's call. Hurrah, &c.
At Buena vista's battle ground. Hurrab. SC,
lie made old Santa Stand around: hurrah, SC.
Twas there he placed his conntry's flag
With li,lle more grape from Capt. Bragg
Hurrah, Sc
long TO see his honest face; HurralI, &c
But the White House is the prpper place.
Hurrah, SC
Then in right good earnest we are bent,
To make old Zaek next President. Hurrah, Sc
The Constitution for his guide, IIurrah, &t
The people stuuding by his side, Hnnah, &C
Will keep the country Tree from wars.
And heal our little family jars. Hurrah, &c
Then hark! hear rambling souudI Hurah, 81
IL is the freemen pouring duwn llurrah, &C
So clear the truck! and let him come,
TUtake theWhite House for his home! Hurrah,&
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
] i i 4 q i i I
Rl5O. 600 nIEM

Annually of Consumption Ia the United
STATES YET how many could have been saved flhey
had resored 10 DR.. Rogers Liverwon & Tar in
season, THOUSANDS upon THOUSANDS are now les.
liiying that il has saved their lives aud restored
them 10 Heallh-No one need DesPAIR!! lhOugI,
your physicians and friends give you up 10 DEL!
you cannot be worse Than Ms. Rove, of Stanton
who was given up by her Doctors aud friends lo
DIE with the LAST STAGES OF CONSUMPTION, We
publish her certificate IN addition 10 the vast num-
ber obialned in Cincinnati. to show that the cure
it makes are not confined 10 that City alone but il
every place whele ii has been introduced. Reat
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
From the Ohio STATE Journal.
THE BEST SONG OF THE SEASON

THE BEST SONG OF THE SEASON.
BY ), GRErSER.
TuSE-"O loOk ye there"
Oall ye pointing, doubling Wings,
WHO go about as nionrners,
Come wipe the tear drops from your eyes,
Stop croaking III the corners.
CHORUS.
o come along with shout and song,
Aud go IT, while your able,
Wen put old ick IN the White House. boys
"0ld Whitley in the White House stable.
All me to hear these croukers croak
D. It's "A "sin TO AIoses!"
They shuttle they cant 90 old Zack,"
And then they wipe their noses.
o come along, SC.
Cheer up cheerup! ys fearful Whigs,
Aud on your harness buckle;
Atdoubting Wings the devil laughs,
The Locofocos chuckle.
o come along, &c,
The Locos swore that Harry Clay
Made pledges far too many;
The rascals now abuse old Zack,
Because he don't make any.
U come ulong, &c.
The Taylor platforms broad enough
To hold this mighty nation;
'Tis built Of Wing materials all,
And has firm foundation.
o cone along &c.
The Locos tried ut Baltimore,
To fix a platform bigger
They set ''ded1faH." aud for bait
Stuck CaSs upon the trigger.
U come along, sc.
Tho Cnss has lived sir ivss
In Office. for the trimmings.
Yet old Zack carries the longest pole,
And he'll knock all the "sISMoSs,"
o come along, &c.
Nine Taylors TO mako a single man,
Wealways used to muster;
Take nine such Taylors rs old lack,
And wouldn't he be a 6uster'
Then come along, with shout and song,
Aud $50 it, strong, we're able,
Well put old Zack in the White House. boys
Old Whitley in the White House stuble.
p. S.-Tho' chicken thieves abuse old Zack,
They'll 'eatch az il They're taken;
For tho Joe Bennett stole the hog.
lie didn't snve his bacon.
q come along. &c.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
!. I. Z Z. Z. Z ! Z J.. I I & z s! Z &. Z


on Race street three doors above Eighth Cincinnati,
is nuly the most remarkable and astonishing ever
recorded.
This lady had the Consumption for the last six
years, aud lately she grew worse and " worse-woTn
down aud emacialed, cold night sweas, hectic fever
every day, reduced to a mere skeleton, her cough
was most distressing, all her physicians gave her up
20 die with the last stages OF Consumpton-Dr
Tallialena, now tailed ma ceiebTaledLung Doc
Tor who sald there was not the least hope Of her re-
covery, finally her lungs liberated both internally
aud externally and the blood seilled Under her mails
so that they came OF, her friends came in 10 take
their last farewell-at this crisis she commenced
using this same DR.. RoGERs' LvERwoRT Il TAR,
which has restored her to better health Than she has
joy ed since she was fourteen years Of age aud in
three monJhs she gained fifty pounds in flesh. -
Those who doubt the virtues OF this wonderful medi-
cine are invited TO call and see her
NYCONSUMPTlVE SHOULD CALL ON
The AGENT aud see the certificate in full of the
above mentioned cures and also ofa vast number
Of others.
GrDECElvE NOT YOURSELVES by neg.
leclng to use this valuable medicine until Il is too
late, as there are thousands Of cases which toe
, FAR gone TO be saved even BY this Great Remedy
Be sure aud get Dr. Rogers Lverwou and Tar
which has his signature oil a yellow Label. on each
bottle Of the genuine.
Its for sale by A. L. scovlLL, Cincinnati
Wholesale Agent for the West and South, and alsS
by all the advertised Agents.
| The above valuable medcine are also for sale a
BURY & BECK, Drtiggists.
| Lancaster, April IA, ls48, ly35.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25

is the safest and most efeotnal medicine forpuri-
flying the system. and relieving the suffering at
tendant upon childbirth ever discovered, II
strengthens both the mother and child, prevents
pain and disease increases and enriches the food,
those who have used it thiuk il is Indispensable.
1t is highly useful both before nnd utter eonfine-
ment. as il prevents diseases attendantupon child.
brth-in Cosiiveness. Piles, Cramps. Swelling of
The feet, Dependency, Heartburn, Vomiting,
Pain in the Back aud Lotus, False Pains, Hemorr.
huge, and in regulating the secretons aud equali-
zing the circulation il has no equal. The great
beauty of this medicine is, it is always safe and
the most delicate use il most successfully, very
few cases require any other medicine, III some
little Caster OIL or Masnesia. is useful. Exercise
in the open air, light food with this medicine,
will always ensure suie and easy confinement
Notice 10 The Ladies.-Those that initiate DR..
Townseuds Sarsaparria, have invariably called
their stuff great Remedy for Females DC. &c,
and have copied our bills and circulars which re-
ates 10 the complaints of women. word for word
-oher men who put up medicine, have, since
the great success Of DR.. TOwusend's Sarsaparilla
in complaints incident to females. recommended
theirs, although previously they did not. A num-
ber of these Mixtures, Pills, &c., are injurious to
females as they aggravate disease, aud undermine
the constitution.
Scrofula Cured.-Ths certificate concusively
proves that this Sarsaparilla has perfect contro
over the most obstinate diseases of the Blood
Three persons cured in one house is unpreceden
ted
Three Children.--Dr. Townsend-Dear SIR
have the pleasure to inform you that three of my
children have been cured of the Scrofula by tht
use OF your excellent medicine. They were at
hicted very severely with bad sores; have taker
only four bottles; it took them away, for which
feel myself under great obligation.
Yours, respectfully,
ISAAC W, GRAIN lO6 Wooster ST.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25

Linens, VesIimgs
READY MADE CLOTHING,
Suitable for the SPRING and SUMNER SEA.
SONS which they offer 10 the public CHEAPER
THAN EVER before sold in Ohio Their Stock
consists in part 0l The following articles, viz:
Super. Fine Black. Blue Black Blue aud Fan
cy French, English aud American CLOTHS aud
CASSIMERES
Fine TWEEDS 0fall colors and qualities
Black SUMNER CLOTHS. Arctic do
silk Codrngton, Wellington Cord, Superior
Gumbroons White, Brown and Bard LINENS
Of all qualities, Very cheap
Black CASIIMERErT, Check Coating
| Super Black French Dueskiu CASHMERE
FANCY CASSiMERES orall qualities, patterns.
colors aud prices
Embroidered PIan aud Figured SILK and
SATIN VESrlNGS
Fine Plain and Barr'd CASHMERE do
Fine LINEN do
Plane Bard MARSEILLES do
Also, an eGLehSive assortment Of
READY MADE CLoTHT IN G,
In fact the CHEAPEST and BEST ever offered in
Lancaster, towit:
Fine Tweed, Merino Cashmere. Queen Cloth
Croton Clntli, Linen aud Alpucca Dress. FroclS
and Sack Coats ut all prices !rom $3.50 to $l2
Plain and Bard Cassimeres. Linen. Coltunade
aud Monterey stripe PANTS from IS cents To SO
Plain and Figured Satin aud Silk, Murseles ant
Linen l.usture VESTS. from 81, ,25 Ia 81. So tina
we eau furnish GOOD SUIT from $3.50 to 81
Also, SHIRTS. Bosoms Collars. Stocks Hand
kcrchieis. Gloves Drawers aud all kinds ol TRIM
MINGS of.he very best quality
They also have employed number of fFlRS1
RATE WORKMEN. ~ that they Ieel cnmpeen
to CUTund MAKE 10 ORDER upon the SHORT
EST NOTICE aud in the most fashionable manner
CLOTHES OF all KINDS. Aud il the colhe
don't lit no charge is mnde.
SMITH s. TONG.
Lancaster April 2s, l84a. 81
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
LAW NO'E1CE.
II. H. HUNTER & s ON,
Attorneys and COunSellOrs at Law,

4 = ~ devote heir exclusive attention to
~ ietdnal duties
ltk-U UP'Siairs in Fosters Building. Main
3Qte. l.43.ss.ci, over Kuh'na'a Drug Siore.
H. II. HUNTER,
Z. +. HUNTER,
Lancaster, March l,la4s, R4S
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
r EBER & KUTZ

4 RE just receiving the LARGEST und HAND
N SOMEST STOCK OF SPRING and SUM
MER GOODS, that have ever been brought to
Lancaster or that ever will be by any other firm
than theirs.-and which will be sold at the lowest
cash rates, so low that no person can look at them
without buying.
We are connected with no mandatory, no
eastern establishment, and thus confined to maxi
ing our purchases at one house; but have the adj
vantage of selecting our Goods from the stocks Of
all eastern Merchants and Manufacturers.
We hope all, who wish to purchase cheap and
beautiful Goods will first read the big advertise
ments and nfter laughing at them, go and exam
inc the iHle stock Of Goods that they call big:
then call and see what we have and what we can
do for them.
Our assortment consists in part ofthe following
articles.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
$500 pieces Of CALICOEs

CHtUpeT tVuN tUtT NNdtdH UtJOTt,
so do Cashmeres Mousline de Laines aud other
fancy Goods for LADIES' Dresses and Cloaks
so do Giughams, new style, and Uery desirable
A large aud beautiful variety of S M M E r
SHAWLS, ofall sizes and at very low prices
40 pieces Apron Checks, Linen and Cotton Ta-
BILE Cloths, Cotton and Silk Handkerchiefs
Dress Silks; Black, coored and 6gd Hosiery
Gloves and Mitts OF all kinds
Cambrcks, Jacconets and every thing in the
Dry Goods line to make our assortment full and
complete among which will be found fine vari-
ETY. of ROUGH and READY Goods
We have also constantly on hand. a large stock
of BOOTS and SHOES
Fur, Silk, Leghorn, Palm Leaf and Straw Hats
SPANISH SOLE LEATHER, Cotton Yarn
Carpet Chain and Goverlid Warp
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
rs PIECES OF
q r AID CLOT 1T s,

OF all colors from 81 20 81 per yard.
SO pieces plain and stripped CaSsimers from rs
cents to $l25
900 do plain, striped and barred Sattinetts, (ue-
ry cheap from 81 to rs cents per yard
100 do Kentucky Jeans from 25 to 81 cents for
the best
100 do Red, White aud Yellow Flannels
$50 do Black, Colored, Striped and Figured
Alpaccas
25 bales Brown Muslins
10 cases Bleached do from 6 to l21 cents
10 bnlas Ticking and psrp cbeay,
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
PETER P. MATTHEW'S,
THOMAS CRAIG,
JOS. EVANS,
Stanton, Ohio Feb, z, 048.

~ THE WONDERFUL CURES M.ADE.0 90
By this medicine have induced Physicians OF the
highest standing 10 prescribe it-Yes even Profess
ors of the colleges admits that it cures after every
thing else has failed.
DR.. IL. Cox, late Professor in Cincinnati Medi-
cal College office on 8th street, says he cured Miss
Belt Of SoRoFULoUs CONSUMPTION with DR.. RoGERs
LIvERwoRT and TAR, after she was given up ii
die by number of skillfl Physicians. Dr., W,
Richards Of Cincinnati, says he cured Mr.. Charles
Wade, ofConsumptOn with this medicine after all
other remedies had failed.
(E,YDr. II. Z, Wilson, a regular Physician oI
Galipolis, says it really acted like charm in the
case of Mrs. Wiseman, the wife Of the Rev. II
Wiseman, of Patriot Ohio, who was on the point
Of DEATH with pulmonary Consumption, aud was re
stored 10 health after few weeks by the use of DR.
Rnnrnsi IIvEnwnnr a I'm
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
: 8 & 6 6 g

This is TO certify that, some months since, wa,
taken with pain in my side and breast; called in
the aid Of several physicians, but they failed give
me any relief, aud for the space ofone year grew
rapidly worse in addition 10 this was attacked with
violent cough; although an excellent physician
lived IN The same house, and used the greatest exer.
lion, and paid the slrctest attention, it bafrd all
his ill-twO Others were called in. one OF which
was an aged and sklllul physician, hut all their Ell
forts proved alike unavailmg. AT last n physica0
who was attending camp-meetmg in the neghbdr-
hood, came TO see me, and declared that | could
not last more than day longer; also, all Of the
vast number who came 10 see me, believed That a
few days al most must end my earthly career MY
FRIESDs WERE NOW CALLED IN TO SEE ME DrE! Bu
my brother at this crisis, Clearing Of the aslonish
ing cares performed by DR., Rogers Compound Syr
up Of LWerwon and Tar,) went to Cncolhe anC
back a distance oisixty miles, IN l3 hours, TO ge
some Of the above medicne: | commenced lakin.
it, and strange to tell before had used half bottle
the cough was entirely cured, from this time re
covered rapidly, aud when had used Two bottles,
was able to assume my family vOcallOns as usual
| am fully satisfied that if il had not been for lhi,
| excellent medicine, would now be in my grave
and must in justice say, that truly return nv sin
thanks TO the inventor Of this priceless medicine
and would recommend all persons afflicted with dis
eased lungs TO give it Trial
HARRIET ROWE.
We the undersigned, do certify, that this ac
count Of Mrs. Rowe is correct, we being personal /,
acquainted with all the circumstances.
p. p. JOHNSON,
PETER P. MATTHEW'S,
THOMAS CRAIG,
JOS, EVANS,
Stanton, Ohio Feb, z, 1913.
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
30, 1000 bushels of' WnEAT.

Any amount Of CORN, RYE, OATS, Flax-seed,
Feathers. and every thing else that the Farmers
have for sale that is worth having. We will give
the highest prices in CASH and GOODS for the
above articles and give MORE GOODS for the
same amount ofirade, than any other house, Cali
and give us trial
Laneaster June 4, l847
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25

Bank SubpOe mas
For sale at the Lancaster Gazette Office
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25
GROCERIhs of alI KINDs.

Cedar Churns and Tubs, Wooden Buckets,
Salt &c. sc. sc.
~ Come every body and look through our
MAMMOTH PILES Of Goods We are always
on hand and ready to prove to you, what is an un-
deniable lact, that we have more Goods, better
assortnents and sell at lower rates than any other
establishment in Lancaster. OF these facts you
can convince yourselves by calling at our OLD
STAND and examining our stock.
WE WISH TO PURCHASE
The Lancaster gazette. (Lancaster, Ohio) 1846-1852, 1848-08-25

Percival s. Van Fossen, Lancaster; J. II. Sum
derman, amanda; James Claypool Salem; Israel
Grigg Lithopoiis; Jesse Leohner, WestRushpiiie;
David Beery, Sugar Grove; w, Humrighaus,
Greeneastie; Elijah Kalb, East Rashvine; Philip
Hane. Pleasantpiiie.
lTe0hices devoted exclusively to the sale OF
Wyighes Indian Vegetable Pills wholesale and
retaiI, l69 Race st. Philadelphia; 288 Greenwich
street New York; and 1893 fremont st, Boston.
April %, 1913. 3m3s.
Baton-Rouge gazette. [volume] (Baton-Rouge, La.) 1819-1856, 1848-06-24


land, North UafOtina, Georgia, Florida,
Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Louisiana.
TorAh 100
Doubtful States. Mains, Pennsylvania,
Io~a, South Catolina, Virginia, Mi4si slppi,
T'e&4s, and Indiana Tortb 81.
Lorgfoeb Staigs.-New Hampshire A..
hn sas, A%Ial@tna, Illinois, Missouri, WIS
]eopsiD, Michigan lotal 40
Ufthe gtatr8 noted as doubtful, w. rs.
gard Gen. TAgB0R's thanes ~ l,est n H..
diaua, towa aud South Caroline, and as
eqialtJ CAsg' in Pennsylvania. In Missis-
sippi, Tetas. Maine, nnd Virginia, The
Lecof0co ticket has probably tho best
chabce. Nor do we despair Of al The
States tonteded 10 Lncofuc istn. Mirhi-
gan, though the home If the Lotof0co no.
minea, is represented as uncertain, and
Arkansas will be subject to those ihnlen.
oss which will cary Louisiana by sterni,
and will threaten the supremacy Of Loeo.
foooism in Mississippi.
IL may seem strange that Geul TAY1oR
should prove 50 powerful in States where
our opponents have long held uncontrolled
sway, but the reason Is obvious. The 20.
pulafity ofthg man IS irresistible. Every
where thousands If Democrats accustomed
TO act with the dominant party, but tire Of
It's selfshhpss, its e%rratic course mud is
inter abandonment If democratic p%rinti.
pies, will rally around the Standard Of The
Hero Of Buena Vista. even as in 1910,
they Hoeked around the banner If the Hero
Of Tippecanoe aud will gladly support the
mat who tasks no favor and sbrinks from
no responsibility"-the man "who has
nothing To serve but bis country and who,
If elected, will em1loy bis best energies In
the maintenance of her dignity, the promo
ton of her welfare, and The reservation OF
her matchless institutions. The Loe0f0.
coz may detide The notion Of Democrats
voting for Old ZAoH, but let them look
about lhetn, and they will already perceive
the detection IN their ranks. Several Of
their trusted md time. honnred leaders
Veterans In the Democratic rank, have
already come out fDr The inyinotb'e Tbuad.
efef Of Bneoa.V Visa. and more vii fuIluw.
What is true Of Louisiana is true Of othet
The moderale of all parties will
sustain General TAILOR every where.
tBee.1
Baton-Rouge gazette. [volume] (Baton-Rouge, La.) 1819-1856, 1848-06-24

publls elueati N In the ~soysraI parishes
under lhs laws providing thorotor.
saa. III That II shut b, and IL il
hereby made The dIty Of the attorney gen
enI ofths State, ani Of the several de-
iFioi attorneys, to prosecute all offences
ega'nst this act, and report IN The flrs.
MoHiay Of january, in each year, 10 the
trustees " thg common school fund IN The
several parishes IN their respective die
itict, tbs nani,o 4 al y rs5ns who shall
have been to1yief ! under this Law during
the preceding year. together with tho A.
cunt Of tie fine imposed upon each.
sfo. ". That II ahall be, and II Is
hereby nude the duty II the sevefa are
lricl judges, and u grand tuties In The sev.
efaI parishes In this State, to give THE
act especially in charge at each and every
term Of thsiF respective courts.