The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-11-28
THE CONSIST IUTIoN
OF THE
F ENC II r PUBL &c,
VOTED BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY,
In Its sitting OF the 4th OF November, Is4s.


In the presence of God, and in the Of the
French people the National Assembly proclaims-
1-Frazce has constituted herself republic. In
adopting this form of government her aim and object
is to be able to advance freely In the path of pro-
gress and cvilization-to secure and augment the
comfsrt OF every by more equitable division OF
burdens, and gradual diminueon OF public expendi'
ture and taxes and Iaso to enable every citizen to
attain, without further disturbances more elevated
and increasing degree of morality, Of enlightenment
and Of personal comfort by the successive and con-
slant action Of the institutions and laws.
2-The French republic is democratic, one and indi-
visible.
alt recognizes rights and duties anterior to and
4-Its principles are liberty, equality fraternity Its
basis and foundation is family, labor, property, and
5-It respe cts tho nationality of foreign people, it
is determined to make its own to be respected It un-
dertakes for the purpose of conquest aud
yer employs Its armies against the liberty OF any peo
pie.
lie and the republic to the citizens.
7-Cizens must love their country, obey the repuo-
c defend at the cost of their lives share in the
bu dens Of the State according their fortunes pro-
vide for themselves by their labor the means OF exis
tence and by their own forethough ana care PROVIDE
common good and help each other In brotbery man
and aid to the general order by obeyng
the laws which regulate society," both
In families and individuals.
Sit the duty of the republic to protect the citi
in his person. his family his religion his property
and his labor and to place that education which IL
necessary to every within the reach Of every
1t is alse its duty by brothery assistance to secure
existence to the poor aud necessous either by pro.
curing employ for them such within Its power
and not beyond its resources, or BY giving relief to
those who not able to work and who have no family
to help them.
In consideration of the performance of these duties
and for the of all these rights the National
Assembly faithful to the traditions banded down from
the great Assemblies which inaugurated the French
republic decrees as follows the constitution of the
CONSTITUTION.
CHAPTER 1-oF SOVEREIGNTY
Anr 1.-The sovereig nty resides in the totaity of
French citizens 1t inaenable and mprescriptible
No individual no fraction Of the people can take to
Themselves the exercise of this sovereignty.
CHAPTER 2.-RIoHTs CITIzENs-GUARANTEEs BY
contribution
Art. 2.-No one be arrested or detained prisoner
unless according to the prescription of the law.
Art. . The dwelling Of every person inhabiting
except according to the forms and in the pro-
AR mo one shall be removed from his natural
judges-no commissions extraordinary tribunals
ehsll be created under any pretext by any name.
AR; 6-The penalty Of death for political offences
Arr, 6.-Slavery cannot exist upon any territory
belonging to Frsnce.
gion and to receive from the State equal protection
In the exercise Of his worship The ministers of the
which may hereafter have the right Of
receiving payment from the State.
sembing peaceaby and unarmed in order to petition
manifest their thoughts by means of the press or
othsrvise The exercise Of these rights only limited
by the rights liberty of others and by the interests
Of public safety. The press cannot in any circum-
stances be subjected to censorship.
Arr 9.-Teaching is free. The liberty Of teaching
il to be exercised cordng to the terms capacity and
morality determined by law, and under the supervision
and superiptendsnce of the State This superintend
to be extended to all the establishments of ed
ucation and instruction, Without any exception what
Anr 10-Ar citizens are equally admissible to all
public employmsnts without other cause of preference
than merit and according to the cond ions
by law All titles of nobility all distinctions of birth,
Glars or caste. are abolished forever.
ART. IL Property is involable; yet the State may
demand the sacrifice of property for public utility,
legally estab!isbed and in consideration of just and
previous indemnity.
ART l2.-The conhscstion Of goods can never be re-
AR. ls-The Constitution guarantees to citizens
the liberty Of labor and Of industry Society viii favor
primary instruction by professional education by the
equality Of the connection between the employer and
the by the establishment of saving nsti
futons and thoee OF credit by agricultural insttu
tions by voluntary associations and the establish
ment by the State the departments and the communes
of public works for the employment Of idle hands.
Society Also will give ad to aeserted children to the
sick the aged the destitute and those whom their own
families not able to support
Arr. 1.-THE public debt is guaranteed. Every
contract and engagement made BY the State Is to be
AR 15-An taxes are for the common good. Every
one s to contribute according to his means and for
AR 1e.-No tax can be made or levied except by
Hsr Mp,reot taxation Is only accorded for ono
year, Indirsot taxes may be for several years.
CHAPTER 3-oF PUBLIC DUTIES.
powers,
emenate from the people. They cannot be delegated
by h+reditaryytraditon.
OF free government.
cHaprER4-or THE LEeIsLArrvE POWER.
ARr 20 The French people delegate the leg sative
AR 81 The whole number Of representatives shall
be $50 including those from Algeria and the French
ARr 22-This number shall be raised to the total
Of 900 for assemblies called together to revise the con-
AR 2s-Pepulation shall be the basis for election.
ART. "a Suffrage shall be direct and universal.
Art a5.-All Frenchmsn aged a. and in the enjoy
mept Of their civil and political rights electors
without property conditions Of any kind
out property n1tons or reference to place OF DWELL
isg are rs years Of age and in the enjoyment of
ARr. 27 The electoral law will determine the
which may deprive French citizen Of the right Of
citizens Who after having exercised official uetons
In department or territory will not be eligible in
ARr 2s.-The exercise Of any remuncrat ing public
function s incompatible with the trust Of represen
tative Of the people, No member Of the Assembly can
bs nominated raised to public Offices, receiving
salary, and the appointment to which proceeds from
the executive daring tse continuance Of the Leesl.
ture Exceptions to the above dispositions to be
settled by the organic electoral law.
Arr 20 The terms of the above article not ap-
Pcabie TO assemblies elected for the revision of the
Anr 80 The elections for Representatives shall be
by departments by ballot The shall vote
ut the chief place of their district But the district
may be for local divided into several sub divi
sions forms and onditons to be determined by
the electoral law.
Arr 81 The National Assembly s to be elected for
the period Of three to be then renewed entirely
days at least before the end of the Legsla
ture law shall be passed to fix the period Of newelec
tons now law s passed within the prescribed time,
the electors shall have full right to assemble and vote
the 80h day preceding the close of h- Legislature
The new Assembly is oonvoked, and called to meet by
full right on the next day after the day which the
trust Of the old Assembly expires.
Arr 80 The Assembly Is permanent; yet 1t may
sdiourn to any time which 1t shall determine During
the continuance Of any Propagation, commission,
composed OF members Of committees, and twenty ave
Representatives, named by the Assembly by ballot,
and absolute majority win have the right to call
together the Assembly In case Of emergency. Also,
the President OF the republic will have the right to
convoke the Assembly. The National Assembly will
the nlace ita ettnQ and will aatla the