The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-09-13

l
Q junction with the Nera. some forty miles Above
But from the rapidly Of the current near ~ city and be-
low, depostes OF sand constantly obstrctng fhe pas
age. and an annual appropriation Of money MAGE to
The exports Of the Papa States are not large hyt they
are numerous They consist Of corn, oil. slk Skins,
taneousy IN southern Italy, hemp SC. Wool Ys export
I'd in large Quantities to England and among other ex
pors tobacco, of which they send abroad Annually
about three hundred thousand pounds. ~ l" t'Spf-
They can scarcely be said 10 have commercial Narne
Some maey vessels averaging probably about tons
each, constitute the whole excepting fishing small and
small coasters. There are six merchant VAesek IA the
city of New York with aggregate tonnage e{cAeding
that OF the ninety merchant vessels Of the Komah Ses
This, however we need not regret for If we can extend
our commercial relations with ihcm we shall do III the
carrying both for them and ourselves. , 49,,
Agriculture, the basis OF all industry is in a very de-
pressed state and from peculiar The great pc
uarity OF the agriculture OF the Papa States tho aivi
sion of the champaign land into immense farms The
(the Roman fed) the Maremma, extending from the
frontier of Tuscany along the coast to the southwark,
and the low lands in other districts are owned BY lew
persons The farms usually contain several thousand
acres The entire Agro Romano, comprising more than
fifth of the Campagna contains over $50 square miles
This tract is in the hands Of about forty farmers OF
are worked on the 'sMezzeria system, AT halves
der the direction Of fattor stewards, who occupy farm
The same prevails in Tuscany, where has worked
toeraby we'll In Rome it is thought exceedingly un
favorable to agricultural Improvement Something Is at
spect climate and health, which renders il necessary to
levOe the greater part to grazing In the winter II IL
covered with cattle and sheep-no less perhaps than
million of both-under the guardianship OF shepherds
and herdsmen As the summer advances the Campagna
becomes unhealthy be inhabited and the cattle
driven to the Sabine hills and the mountains of
the Abruzz When the harvest season arrives the heat
becomes almost ntOlerabe and mutudes OF the aboers
who down from the mountains TO gather the har-
vest perish from the fatal effects OF the malaria AS
soon az the grain is gathered the Campagna becomes
esert until the summer heats are over Neither men nor
cattle be The buffalo who seem to be proof
against the heavy pestcntal vap0rs which the burning
sun brings out from the humid EARTH almost the only
inhabitants of the deserted plain from June 10 October
is given to the rural prope,ors by the corn laws Of the
Papal States When the price of flour on the Medi-
leranean is under 49, and the Adriatc a IS per bar
wheat When it is under about 81 40 the bushel on the
Mediterranean or VI 80 on the Adriatic It is not allowed
to be introduced The operation OF this system i give
the entire market TO the Roman agrculturst and by
GLIDING the cheaper breadsufs of the Levant and the
Austrian provinces on the eastern shore Of the Adnatic
compel The Roman people in some DISTRICTS and annes
Notwithstanding the depressed condition of the in
lusny Of the Paa Sates there is country capable of
Of reform now in progress shall be carried the
social well the political condition OF the people be
elevated by the abrogation Of bad laws. know State
of the same magnitude which may hope for higher
have thus. Mr. President presented some statistical
%h bs Of nuencus the Of
tor on this floor, but for the purpose OF assigning the
grounds which place my own. am in favor Of es
abshng diplomatic intercourse with Rome, first, with
view to friendly relations the object Tor which most mis-
sions are created and, second with view to
repeat do not regard the mission POLITICAL unless
that term be understood in its broadcast sense and in this
view all missions political consider it sacred
duty to keep aloot from the internal agtatons Of Euro
States and from the movements Of their soyeregns
is favorable to freedom but we can do no more Our
rule of action is noninerventon in the political concerns
of the Eastern hemisphere, and by rigid adherence to it
we NAV with the more confidence insist on an application
of the same principle by European States to the political
concerns OF the independent communities on this cont
nent look then, first TO friendly relations with Central
But look chiefly to commerce. Depressed the in
lusry OF Rome is think something may be done to ex-
tend our commercial relations and intercourse with her,
and perhaps also with Tuscany, lying on her borders
Great Britain has immense trade with the Meditera-
Shs sends .y sooe 81
several millions more of foreign products which she mn
ports for Interpretations portion Of this lucrative trade
il, If we send discreet and intelligent to Italy
the Senator from Missouri, if BEsros.) surprising i
proposition to abolish the post oi charge d.atares at
Naples. The post OF charge dafaires at Turin would
not have touched Sardinia rs distant, and has dls
minister with full powers 10 Central and Southern
Itay to reside part of the time Rome and part of
The time at Naples-an arrangement not unprecedented
in dpomalic intercourse with States bordering on each
other thought in opening diplomatic intercourse with
Rome it should be done the mode most acceptable.
nniser is accredited to the sovereign OF the country to
which he IS sent, charge dafaires 10 the secretary of
foreign affairs the chief executive department min
ister would be on footing with the diplomatic represent
ayes of the States OF Europe at the Papal Court;
charge will be inferior in grade and i'll influence. Rome
and Naples are but one hundred and sixty miles apart
-Four years ago. railroad was in course OF construc
ton from Naples to the Roman frontier 1t was nearly
finished to Capua Gregory XVII the predecessor OF the
present Pope refused to charter railroad companies he
did not encourage foreign intercourse social or CONNER
cal Plus TX is Of totally different temper. He is de-
srous of promoting every way facilities Tor comun
cation foreign and domestic He has chartered COM
Many 10 construct railway to Civa Veccha, and
other as understand to meet the NeaPoltan railroad at
rrrac,na In two years, Rome and Naples will Iroba-
NV be but five hours apart The arrangement suggested
would therefore, have been convenient well proper;
but as the proposition failed, shall vote for minister
| Before | conclude, wish to say few words on the
,eaious question. have already said do not regard
his in any sense a religious mission, con-
ceive that it be properly 50 considered. Gentlemen
have gone far suppose that will be rcpugnan to
the Protestant feelings Of the country cannot believe
there any just ground for such an apprehension We
send diplomatic representative to the Emperor OF China,
who claims be the sole vice geren Of the Supreme
Being on earth. We have minister at Constantnopc,
and three consus salaried officers exercising diplomatic
functions in Africa (wo in the barbary States, and
one in the empire of Morocco,) and The people of all
these countries are either Turks Moors Arabs Berbes,
or Jews-all utterly denying the Authenticity of the
Christian faith And yet, when we propose to send
diplomatic representative TO temporal sovereign Eu-
ope il is Objected that the Protestant feeling of the
country may be wounded because he also the head of
I'D han ek~fN k~.~H