The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-12-12

conceded by our most distinguished proectionss. in
sured the repeal of the British corn laws. Arguments
here IN favor OF protection present to all nations the sup
posed benefits OF restriction and would therefore per
suade them all TO enact high tariffs Oar argument IL
favor OF free trade appeals 10 all nations to reduce the
duties our products whereas arguments for pro-
lection are reasons offered to all nations to raise the du
ties exports Our arguments would persuade them
all OF the mutual benefits of reciprocal free trade and
teach the doctrine OF International unity OF interest
whereas the other attempts TO prove that their Interests
are antagonisc, and will be best consulted bv each
lnfctng the greatest injury upon the others by high
tariffs The would be read abroad in their legisa-
tive and executive councils in favor of reduction of
duties products; the other would be quoted in
favor OF Increasing such duties.
High tariffs should be most useful where they are the
most effective. Let us take the interior of New York
remote not only from the ocean, but from railroads and
canals Now, il the duE twenty per cent on the
import arriving at the city of New York OF its vcnage
that city and It's neghbohood, by the protective theory,
should be more injured by the importation than the
interior of the State the freight to which, many for
esn articles might add % per cent TO the cost, making
the whole enhancement of price 40 per cent? and thus
operating as double protection IN the interior, compared
with the seaboard. Now, if the restrictive theory be
true, the resident of the INTERIOR being better protected
the tariff and freight on the foreign article operating
double Duty should be prosperous than the
dent OF the seaboar But the farmers products high
est upon the seaboard and lower at every point we
retire from ii lower at Albany and Bufio still lower
at Erie, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, La Sale whilst
The Price OF all the farmer buys proporonally
hanced and nothing but the fact that his lands cheap
er IN proportion they remote from the foreign
ket, enables him 10 sustain the competition.
| The protective system Is agrdran and upon prop
eriy 1t attempts 10 organize labor and capital by law,
adding 10 the profits OF oae pursuit by reducing that OF
another, 1t is incompatible with the security of capital
or Labor for capt. is but the accumulation of the gains
OF labor; and therefore, whatever destroys the security
or profits OF capital results in equal injury to labor
Besides its injurious effects upon industry, it arb
trary and despo,c power and if the people should be
accustomed to its exercise, looking for legislative
support and protection, it wonid terminate in struggle
Tor the division and distribution by Congress every year
OF property profits ana capital among the favored classes
No legislation of man change the law OF capital and
Wagesnamey that as CAPITAL augments, being the source
| from which wages paid there will be an increased
demand for LABOR, and consequent addition 10 its reward
Capital and wages the weights in the opposite sides
OF the scale vibrating under unchangns laws, wages
ascending capital Is au 5nened and descending the
capital is reduced H. then, we would augment wages,
every lover of mankind mus desire must Increase
capital, which no tariff or organization of labor can effect,
although it may transfer capital from pursuit to
other, always diminishing he aggregate profits when the
transfer is forced by law.
The belief erroneous. that manufacturers increase
in number, SKILL capital and proiucts they will perpet-
nate high ta,is When they attain this condition, and
their fabrics exceed the home demand they will desire
free trade 10 open to them the foreign markets In Eng
land this is now the and their manufacturers are
the great advocates oil free trae, manufacturers in
time will be, and ultimately unite with all other classes
IN desiring the abandonment OF all tariffs and custom
houses, and the repeal oil all restrictions commerce.
Congress having extenel TIE laws to Oregon,
and created Astoria the port Tor that district the
cutter Cornelius w Lawrence ordered TO that coast,
under the command of Captain Alexander V. fraseran
officer of talents, zeal and fidelity The coast survey
also extended there's and through lis aid buoys will
be located and lighthouses constructed directed by
Congress. The laws not having been extended
to California duties could be collected there but the
department exercised all lis authority by issuing the
lar hereto annexed (maked opening free trade under
the constitution, between It's ports and those OF the rest of
the Union, at the time guarding the from
loss far practicable 1t is recommended that besides
Astoria, collection districts be authorized at San Diego,
Monterey, Puget Sound, and San Francisco, upon the
Pacific. Our maritime frontier upon the Pacific is
nearly equal to Atlantic coast with many excellent
BAYS and harbors, admirably situated To command the
trade OF Asia and OF the whole western coast OF Amcr
ca, whilst coasw!se trade between The Atlantic the
Gulf, and Pacific must become of great value.
Congress having directed this department 10 recommend
such measures will increase our commerce and rev
enue, suggesled that desire lucrative trade
and augmented from Pacific coast this OBJ
iec can best be accomplished by many additional steam
ships upon THAT well as upon the Atlantic and the
Gulf Beneficial this system has provA upon the AT.
lantic and the Gulf IN ausnenung our Commerce and
revenue, cur tonnage and navigation, it Is still better
adapted to the Pacific and the long voyages along its
shores and TO Asia This tranquil ocean, as Indicated by
its name, more subject to Gains, is better adapted TO
steam than the bol5terous Atlantic and with less
danger OF injury 10 the machinery, The Gains OF the
Pacific, often rcardin5 The sailing vessel, make
shorter and safer the voyage OF the steamship whilst
at other periods the lie winds blowing for months
tnuously in one direction not affecting the of the
steamer but forcing sailing vessels SO many thousands
of miles out of their way, render steam necessary to the
causes, the Pacific must become the principal theatre of
the peaceful umphs of the great expansive power of
steam, and must extend its there, under
flag, would desire to contend successfully with
other naons Tor the trade and specie OF Asia and western
America Our imports from Asia, such as teas, silks,
and chiefly costly ARTICLES, still better adapted for the
steamships than heavy products. The time required IN
crossing twice the tropics and the equator from our At
lanc ports to ASIA the long voyage OF the sail
Ing vessel, is felt severely, not only IN the loss OF
interest, ana in the less rapid circulation of capital
and realization of profits, but IN the still greater loss by
arriving home too late with the cargo, and thereby
losing the market, at least better price, and this loss
OF time and interest, OF price and markets, great in
the return in the outward passage The voyage by
steam from Atlantic ports to Asia, by the route OF
Chagres and Panama, with railroad be constructed
by private enterprise the ishmus, would be
accomplished month, instead of three four months
and the gain of time IN coaswlse trade between both
oceans would be still greater In ancient and III modern
lines the cities and nations that secured the trade OF Asia
were greatly enriched This has occurred successvey
with Tyre, Sion, Carthage, Alexandra, Venice, Genoa
Lisbon, Amsterdam, and London, whilst this rich traffic
built up large cities the midst of deserts, IN The
caravan route of the track through which 1t passed
With front upon both and the Gulf aided by
steamships by low duties and by shortening the voyage
by the lshmus route, presented IN my annual reports
of December, 1876 and December, lS47 we may secure
this commerce, and with it, In Tune, lhe command OF tht
trade of the world We may also extend our commerce
with all the countries bordering upon the coast oil western
America, richer than all others IN the precious metals
and Astounding In articles which we desire, but do no
produce, whilst and vast markets will be openec
there for our product. and manufactures aud the numbe
and profits OF whale ships greatly increased. Dsan
now possessions upon the Pacific, If we wouC
desire extend TO them the benefits and blessings of h
American Union, and unite them with in the bonds