Washington telegraph., 1848-03-29

CALlyossn AND New MsrIoo, general
op,nion seems to be, thai the war is virtually at an
end, and that tho main features Of the treaty,
now before the Senate, will be adopted, This
tre aty, II Ii Understood, provides ior the annesa.
ton Of California aud New Me,ieo To the United
States The honus paid by our government Is
fneen millions We have prepared, al some la
Dor. description Of these provinces, which we
have drawn chiefly from such authorities as CHpt'
Wilkes, the Hon Mr., Darby, &c.
Upper California extends for a distance OF tan
degrees along tho Pacific coast, with mean
breadth Of 600 miles Its lower boundary is at
IN, river Gilas. about tho 80 degree of North lat
i,ud,, while lis upper is at The Snowy Mountains
that haund Oregon on the south at the 42nd de.
gree. The breadth of Upper California al the
river f;ilas is about 500 miles, but Il gradually
wideps as Il extends north, until ii attains a
breadth Of 800 miles at i,s upper extremity. or
this vast territory, occupying an area Of 100000
.au.fe miles, but little is known. except Of that
portion lying along the Pacific coast, between the
mountains and the sea, and which forms strip Of
land from 40 10 80 miles Ia width, aud extending
e0O milcs from north TO south, The immense
tah,. land which stretches eastward from the Pa
e6c chain to the lofty peaks Of the Sierra Madfe,
has been bn, little explored, yet whenever visited
has been found to be- sandy desert, spfinklsd
with salt lakes, reminding the traveller Of the
vast, sterile plains Of Central Asa The popu.
Ialiou Of this arid wilderness Is eompasrd Of few
miserable indians, Who manage 10 suhsst on roots,
and occasionally on game The population Of the
whole of Upper California did not contain, at the
beginning I this war, 50. 900 souls
That strip Of Upper California, however, which
skirt. the coast is comparatively fertile. The
ms.u temperature here Is about fitern degrees
higher than IN the sans latitude On the Atlantie
eoask There is little raiai and then only in the
rainy season, which extends ifom Nayrtnb-r to
kpnl; but two years have bn-n known to elapss
without shower The heavy dews, howeyst,
which risr from the sea every night, prevent the
country from becoming patnhsd. snnw falls but
rarely Agriculture e,nnoi be pfotiiaby con.
due ed without irrigation; hence the country, hhh.
erto has bern principally devoted TO CARING
Whesi, however, aud the smaller grains thrive
we'll Their Is only on. really good hafhof on
the cost, the Day ,f San Francisco. which lies
in latitude 3 North. but this IS sufficiently eapa.
eious for III. nAsies Of the world The other ports,
M,u,sfsy, Santa Barbara aud San Pedro, are
mere road sieads. whsr- tie anchorage Is 20 in.
secure lhtt on the approach nf e norhsf, the v-s.
sci thai does not slip is cable aud gain aa oihue
|. SURF to be lost The nyrfs Of this strip Of land
arc generally mountain hafenls, hal dry in sum
Insr; which run sesisafdly into the Pacific; hat
th-te are two streams Of mue Importance, the Bus.
nasentnfa and Saetamente, whifh fes naith aud
south. and smp,Ying INTO the BAY Of San Fran
eisea. drain the valley between the mountains and
ee.s, fer an extent Of nra four hundred niles
N-w MsEieo Is baaad-d On the sssl by Upper
California, and on the east BY the territories Of
the United States |, Is but q eompar ,iiysly
small strip Of land, chiefly confined 10 the higher
water. Of the RIO Gtande. aud containing oply
1900 ,qa.re miles. The population l.nol abfre
4l.O00 The eapi,als saata f.. The ismp~ra.
tare Of Sew McKee, . VERY cold. In consequence
Of its elevation above the sra; aud fof the same
Tsason the sol Is not very irrils. The p."pls
live in houses Of saabaml hnek. Ths't habit.
are gsnsfalls pnmatiss. vas, trade brtwrsn
N. United States aud the richer aud more south.
sfn province Of Chhuahua. was formerly earned
on through Santa f., by caravans TO ST Louis
.eros. III. pfaifies Of lhe gfsa, w-s,efn territory
This trade has been entirely destroyed by III. war
ksafs Gdssfts