New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1848-12-12


~ the Of Fix balances OF the fret class and three
oi the second or nine ol the second, four ~ the
third per annum.
The present distribution Of weights and measures. Il.
ia ny niou prov .onai and bas been considered
ry sf-t -taer and MN ~ science. more general
Duifnrmty eyicrdlng p di-ercnt nations vas boxed
irwsrd % by Jefferson and John Quincy Adams a.
one faT 1tfanatic. and va recommended 10 nv la6t
Annual Report The time. JOB my opinion nas come
'1r ile -as confederation 0f this subject by Con
.rf-rf. arc about o. Boz made Tn Eng
land i.r termination oi the Germsnic Couieders-
to- 1911 Else great extension % whatever syst 10 0i
w' pho aud l.+-ures they may adopt and the p0t
cs change. going 10 other parts 90 Europ@ sra a.
r1r-t.e O. t.. INTRODUCTION q uniformity TIE sue
cess ri rr cons shows that il r. PRACTICABLE O. break
ap IT, .ad J-'em and % Introduce smother new and
entire One standard of length standard az -his
ulf ,.n1sfi ~ capacity with suitable mu.up'es ana
slao.fl. o. would boz promotive OF convenience aud
ot economy a IC in the business Of life and the inter
cu.--e of nations. The adoption Of the decimal sys
feia would s.-o ia my opinion. simplify and fsciAtsts
computation and recommend tnst authority De given
. fs perrnert 20 take the necessary steps for OD
tanning international views and seton ~ % uniformity
OF coins snd at Scights and measures.
During the past year the third ol series Of esoo-
rate reports Of Investigations 'ugsrs and hydrome
te--uocer tr- direction Of Prof a. D. Bache, supern
tend n, Of weights and measures. By Prof r !. Mc-
Cunrs. Mc,er and kehler of the Mint A. Philade phis
been presented 20 the Department and Transmitted
o. Congress. by whom has been ordered % be pre-
rented rifn collection of the preceding reports This
re00ff completes the subject Of hydrOmeter a. far
s cssary % make the changes required IN the
OF o. 1-frument ~ the Custom Houses and standard
u t.aIneats and manual nearly prepared for
Tir.e Official duties were discharged BY these
Gentlemen without compensation.
Ny lss' report recommended the grant Of one section
az ard 0r schools in every quarter township n Oregon
This grant In each OF the states o. section 90
thr Public Lands in each township, vas designed ~
the benefit of education o. all the children ui that
township TIE object has failed 10 great extent be-
cause ono section the center OF township six miles
square T. distant from many other sections % fur
n.h sch0c o. which all resort, and because - a
p-cuniar provision il is inadequate The grant, how
ever # section for every quarter township would
boz. sufficient hle the central location would be- ada
cent a. every other section In such quarter township
bringing the school house within the immediate Vcin
age ni every child within IL limits Congress % some
erfsnf adopted this recommendation. by granting two
school sections ia each township instead ~ one. for
education m oregon bat II Is respectfully surgcsted
that thus extended the grant il still inadequate To
amount while the location Is inconvenient and too re-
mote Tor school which all attend This subject =
agn presented the attention Of Congress- with the
recommendation that IL should be extended % Cslor
mia snd New Mexico snd also % al the other new
states and Territories containing the public domain
Even question Of revenue such grants would more
Than refund their value b the Government ~ ach
0uartr township "a coDposed OF nine sections OF which
tn central section would be- granted for schools and
each the remaining eigh, sections would be- adjacent
% that granted Thesc eight sections thus located and
ench adjoining school section, would be Of greater
vslue than when separated by many miles from such
opportunities aud the thirty two sections Of one entire
township with these benefits would bring larger price
10 the Government than thrtyhve sections out OF hr
y-sx where one section only so remote from the rest
wa granted for such purpose. The public domain
would thus be settled At earlier period, aud yielding
larger products thus soon augment our exports and our
imports with correspondent Increase OF revenue from
duties The greater diffusion of education would in
the power OF mind and knovedge applied % our
industrial pursuits aud augment In this way also the
products and wealth Of the nation Each state If deeply
Interested in the welfare of every other for the repre-
senta'ives of the whole, regulate by their votes the
measures of the Union which must be more happy aud
prosperous in proportion as ts councils are guided by
NOR, enlightened views resulting from the more uni
versal diffusion Of light and knowledge and education
The attention OF Congress is respectfully invited 10
the condition Of the public lands In California Inc
Official repOrs Of the great mineral wealth OF that re-
zion present important questions for your consdera
ton That gold and quicksilver exist 10 great extent
ia California would seem 70 be placed beyond coniro-
yersy This gold would appear 70 require the establish
meut az p branch of the Mint OF the United states A.
san Francisco The quicksilver is not only important
~ connected with the mining OF the precious metals
with health and the arts but stu more with the advance
If science and the progress of discovery IN fhysics
The mines of gold and perhaps Of other minerals would
seem 10 be- l0csted chiefly On the public lands They
belong 10 the Government rs trustee Tor the people
whose interests should be protected and secured by
Congress scientific commission, 20 make geological
examination. accompanied with bureau surveys, Is
deemed important
The vouminous character Of this report growing out
of the varied and important duties constantly augment
inu assigned by law % this Department, renders Il
necessary that should reserve for few days and for
special report 10 Congress, the Warehousing system
10 advance OF that Report would remark al tnls time
that new instructions prepared by this Department
and the forms nearly completed. among other regua
ons extending free competition for the storage
Of foreign imports The progress Of the system mas
been most satisfactory and successful the value OF 10
reign goods warehOused Ia ports since the passage
of the law in August 1876 up 10 the Both Of September
last having amounted 10 the very large sum VI about
Sal 100000
In soos retiring from this Department and from pub
he life m which have served so long with Inferior
abilities 10 many others but with equal socitude %
promote the best interests OF my beloved country.
submit with the utmost Difference 20 the supreme Wis
dom of Congress my views and experience as regards
the organ cation OF the Treasury Department Its va
ried aud important duties with the rapid increase Of
our area business and population can scarcely re all
promptly and properly performed by any one Secreta
r. Vet detaching any OF us duties from TINS Depart
ent the greatest must be taken not % impair the
unity simplicity and efficiency OF the system. To take
from this Department It's supervision over the com
nerce and finances. over any Of the accounting ON
Gers OF the Treasury the two Controllers the SIX AUDI
tors the Treasurer the solicitor OF Register ihe Assist
ant Treasurcrs or Collectors the Revenue Marine, the
C,ast survey the Mint the Weights and Measures the
Marine Hospitals or the Lighthouse system would
cause confusion and be most preJudicis 70 the public
service
Rp, there are important public duties having no ne
c.sssr, connection with commerce or nnsnces that
could be most advantAgeodsly separated from the
Treasury and devOlved upon new department OF thr
Government Among lltst ART AshhA DlaiNt taiAH
titles and SURVEYS connected herewith, linear and geo
lnoiral The business OF the Land Office occupies q
very large portion OF the time OF the Secretary OF the
Treasurv every day and his duties connected there
win must be- greatly increased by tue accession % our
immense Gn,nan IN Oregon, New Mexico and CalliOf-
ue-especially in connection with the valuable mineral
lands their private land claims and conflicting titles
From an decisions of the Commissioner Of the Gene
raj and Office as 20 Government titles or private land
claims preemptons, private entries OF purchases OF
the public domain an appeal lies 70 the secretary Of
the Treasury This l. but one branch OF these dunes
and vet As come evidence Of the amount OF labor mus
devoved upon him from this source, have pronounced
Judgment IN upward of 5000 cases. involving land u
lies since the 10Th March. 1915 These are generally
judicial questions snd not financial requiring often great
labor aud re- search aud having no necessary connec
non ,ith the duties of the Treasury Department Inc
daily correspondence OF this Department with the
Com missioner OF the General Land once, surveyors
General the Registers and Receivers, aud other per
sons connected with the system, Is most yoiumnious
The supervisory power SOW exercised by the secre-
tary of the Treasury the expenses OF the courts
of he United states and other duties connected there
Win through the Marshss and Clerks o. these Courts
gives r.e 10 q very considerable daily correspondence
with these officers aud having no necessary connection
with the finances should also be detached from me
Treasury Department. As well as from the STATE pu
p,rffnent the duties Of these Marshas ~ connection
with the census of the United states Having Trans
TERED the laborious duties enumerated from the sc
F W