The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1848-04-08

The proposition for admitting Texas into ta,a
Union. That thought il my duty 20 oppose
upon the general ground ofopposing all ar-
nexation Of new States out of foreign terrific
ry and may add, ] ought TO add in justice,
OF States in which slaves were 10 lie repre-
scented in the Congress of the United Suites,
on the ground its inequality,
We'll, sir, JUST before the commencement
of the present Administration, The resolutions
for tho Annexation of Texas were passed in
Congress. Texas complied with the provis7
ions ofthose resolutions, and was here, or tho
case was here, on the 22d day of December,
lS45 for her final admission inro the Union,
as ono ofthe States. TOOK occasion then 10
say;
~ have always wished that This country
should exhibit 10 the nations OF the earth tho
example Of greut, rich, and powerful repub,
lie, which is not possessed bya spirit of ng7
grandsement. II is nm example, think,
due from us 10 The world, in favor oftlle char,
acter ofrepublican government.
Sin the third place, sir. have 10 say, that
while hold, with as much integrity, j trust,
and faihiuIness, as any citizen Of this coun-
try, 10 all the original arrangements aud com,
promises in which the Constitution under
which we now live was adopted, never can,
persuade myselfto he in favor of the nhnIis
sion of other Suites, into the Union, as slave
States with the inequalities Which were al,
lowed q accorded 10 the slaveliolding S,ates
then in existence, by the Constitution. do
not think that The free States ever expect TINT
they would he called on 10 admit further
slave Suites having the advantages, arising 10
them from the mode ofnppointing represent
alton under the existing Constitution
"5lr have never made an effort, and new
or propose TO make an effort; | have never
countenunced an effort, and never mean 10
Il al,
mcnts as originally made, by WHICH the vas
rous States carrfe into the Union; but can.
not avoid considering itquite dlflereH: quesv
ton when proposition is mnde to admit new
Stntes, and that they be allowed 10 come in
with the same advantages and inequalities
which existed in regard 10 the Old.p
Now, Sir, as have said, in all this acted
under resolutions of the State Of Mussachu-
setts-certainy concurring with my own
ludgment,-so often repeated and renf
hrmed by the unanimous consent Of all
men of all parties, that could not well
go through the series, affirming not only the
impolicy, but The unconstiutionalty of such
annexation. And tho case presented is thiEi
If n Stnie proposed to come in, comes in ns q
sdvG State, il increases that Inequality in tue
condition Of the people which already exists,
and which. SO far as IL exists, would never
attempt 10 alter, which l would preserve by
my vote and by Whatever influence might
possess. Because il was d part of the orig.
inn compact--let il stand. t..H
But there is another consideration OF vast.
ly more general Importance even than that,
more general because il affects all the
States, free and slaveiolding; and that is, if
the States. formed out Of territory thus thin
ly peopled, come in, they necessarily, inevi.
tnbly break up the relation existing between
the Two branches Of the Legislature md de,
siroy its balance. They break up the con,
siitlItiona relation between tie Senate aud
the House of Representatives. Ifyou bring
in new States,eyery State that comes in must
have Two Senators,--while it nny have So
600 or 10000 people aud no more. YoH
will Thus have several States which shall
have more Senators than Representatives,
Can any thing occur 10 disfigure and derange
the frame of government under which ws
live more than that? Here will be u SENATE
pearing no proportion 10 the people,-out OF
all relntion,--a Senate formed by the addi-
ton Of new Stntes which may have only one
representative willie it has iC0 Senators, while
others have ten, fifteen, thirty representatives
and but two Senators
A Senate added 10, augmented by these new
Senators from States where there are few
people, becomes an odious ohgdrchy, II
holds power without adequate constituency.
Sir, II is but GorOpgh-mongering on a large
scale. t... .....-- ....... ....e
Now, sir, ] do not depend on theory.
ask you and ! ask The Senate ard the country
10 look nj facts.---io see where we were when
we made the departure three years ago, and
where we now are, aud ! shall leave II 10 iDlr
agination to conjecture where we shall lie.
We admitted Texas ms one State for tlis
present. But you will refer to tie rcsol,.
lions providing for the annexation of Texas.
you viii find provision that il shall be ~
tie power of Congress hereafter to make four
other new States ONT of Texan territory,
Present and prospeciively, therefore. fue new
States, sending Ten Senators, may come ints
the Union out of Texas. Three years ago
we did that Now we propose No make iWs
Staes; for undoubtedly five take what the
President recommends, New MEXICO and
California, each will mike Il Stnte,-7so thnt
there will be four Senators. We shall have,
then, in this new territory seven Suites send
ing fourteen Senators to this Chamber Now
what will be the relation between the Senate
and the people, or the States from which
they come? ,t..s, ~ /. a..jf,.I
do not understand that There is any accu-
rate census of Texas, II is generally snpposs
ed TO coninin 10000 persons. i doubt wheib
er il is over 100000, but call it o,000. Welt,
sir, Texas is not destined 10 be country OF
dense population. Suppose il TO have 1850.
600 people. BY the best accounts. land
have gone over all can find), New Mexico
may have 60 or 10000 InhabhaBs, such as
they are-say 10000. In California, il il
supposed there are but $4,000 now; but nm.
doubtedly ifit become ours, persons original
~ from the Western country will eDligratelo
to the neighborhood of San Frnucisea,Nhere
there is some good land and some Interesting