The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1848-12-09

more Immediately aud directly than others,
are deeply interested in the speedy develope-
ment gifts wealth and resUu; ceF. No section
of our country is more Interested, or VIII ne |
more benefited, than the commercial, nav-
eating, and manufacturing interests of the
Eastern States. Our planting aud Turning
interests in every part of the Union will he
greatly benefited by it. AS our commerce
and navigation are enlarged and extended,
our exports OF agricultural products aud OF /
manufactures will be increased; aud ~ the
new markets thus opened they cannot ihll 10
command remumerating and profitable prl'
ces
The acquisition of California and New
Mexico, the settlement of the Oregon bo'in-
Diary, aud tie annexation of Texas, eNleGd-
ing to the Rio Grande,are results which com,
bned, nre ofgreater consequences, ana WIZ
add more TO the strength 81 wealth ot'the na-
ton, than any which have preceded them
since the adoption of the constitution.
But to effect these greut results, not only
California, but New Mexico, must he brought
under the control ofregulnrly organized gov
erumenls. The existing condition ofCnlilor-
min, aud of that part Of NewMeXco lying
west ofIhe Rio Gruude, aud without the lin
It's otTexas, imperiously demand that Con-
gress should, ut its present session, organize
territorial governments over them.
! upon lne cNCiuOGe' Ol TUlluCutOuS VI ''C
treaty ofpeace with Mexico OIL the thirIleIh
of May last, the temporary governments
which had been established over New Next
CO and California 10y our military and naval
commanders by virtue of tho rights of war
ceased TO derive any obligatory force from
That source of authority; aud having heen &C.
ded TO the United States, all governmental
control over them under the authority Of
! Mexico had ceased to exist Impressed with
Z .s..l
crnments over them, / recommended the
subject to the favorable consideration of Con-
gress in my message communicating the
ratified treaty of peace. on the sixth July
last, aud invoked their action III that session.
| Congress adjourned without making any
provision for their government. The inhnb-
itants, by The transfer ofiheir country, had
becOme entitled TO the benefit of our laws
g. constitution, Syet we LETT Il II without any
regularly organized government. Since Tint
time, the very limited power possessed by
the Executive has been exercised TO preserve
aud protect them from the inevitable conse-
quences of n state of anarchy.
i The only government that remained was
that established by the military authority
during the war. Regarding this 10 he de
fncto government, and that by the presumed
consent of the inhabitants il might he coniu-
ued temporarily, they were advised to con-
form aud submit TO il for The short inIeryeii.
ing period before Congress would again as
scnbe aud could legslate OH the subject
r The views entertained 10y the Executive on
this point are contained in n communication
, of lhe Secretary of Suite, dated the seventh
, of October last which was forwarded for pun
, LEGATION TO California and New Mexico, Il
, copy of which is herewith transmitted.
The small military force of the regular mr.
my, which wnS serving within the limits of
The acquired territories nj the close of the
war. was retained in them, aud additional
forces have been ordered there for the pro-
lection of The iuhabitalns,and TO preserve aud
secure the rights aud interests Of the United
States.
No revenue has been or could he collected
at the ports in California, hcculise Congress
failed 10 authorize the establishment OF Gus
ton-house, or the appointment. orofficers for
that purpose.
+, The Secretary olthe Treasury, by n circu-
lar letter addressed TO collectors OF The Gus
toms, on the seventh day of October last, n
copy of which he was vested by lnw.
IN pursuance of the act of the fourteenth,
of August last extending the benefit Of our
post office laws To the people of California,
The Postmaster General hns appointed two
agents. who have proceeded--the one TO Cal
ifornia and the other to Oregon, with author
iIy to make the necessary arrangement for
carrying it's provision into effect.
The monthly line of mail steamers from
Panama to Astoria has been required Ia
"stop and deliver and take mails at San Die
70. Monterey and San Francisco" These
mail steamers, connected by the isthmus Of
Panama with the line ofnail stenmers OH the
Atlantic between New-YOrk and Chagres,
will establish a regular mail communication
with California. .-. .r. ..r.r. ..
II is our solemn duty TO provide, with the
least practicable delay, for New Mexico and
California, regularly orgniIiged territoriul gov
erninents.' The causes of the failure to do
this ut the lust session of Congress IRE well
known, and deeply 10 he regretted With
the opening prospects of increased prosperi-
~ and rational greatness which the acquisi-
lion of these rich and extensive territorial
possessions affords, how irrational il would
be to forego or TO reject these advantages, by
The agitation ola domestic question which is
go coeva with the existence of our govern
ment itselfand to endnDger by internal siriies
geographical divisions, aud heated contests
for political power, or for any other cause
the harmony ofihe glorious Union of our con-
federated States; that Union which binds us
together as one people, md which for sixty
yenrs has becn Our shield and protec-
lion against every danger. In the eyes ofthe
world and of posteriiy how trivial and insig.
nifcant will be all our internal divisions and
struggles compared with the preservation Of
t this Union of The States in all it's vigor and
r with all its countless blessings! No patriot
would fnmcpt and excite geographical and
! sectional divisions. No lover Of his country
would deliberately calculate the value Of the
t Union. u.
Future generations would look in nmnze.
ment upon the folly ofsucli n course. Other
nations at the present day would look upon j,
with astonishnlent; and such ofthem as de.