New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1848-07-18
Ire,.,d,. Woes and their Causes-Ensiand's
Responsibility.

The wear 1919 will see her substantially independ-
o., and on the high road to Political and Social
.,eoration, or ryet the chains Of her subiugaiion
and seal the tomb OF her hopes. II Ireland does
not achieve decided improvement in her condition
within the next twelve months, we agree that her
sdversaries may mock and jeer rs as long there
after as they please.
The article Of the Loadoa Timer which ne
copied week since.l assuming to contro'eTt OF
qualify some Of the positions taken 10 a iorihef
article Of The Tri6une, on the causes oil ireland
miseries. is couched IN language and imDuea WIN
candor deserving OF all Difference II great Pubhc
oues,;oo. were always discussed in that spirit il
must be that knowledge would be diiiused, preiu-
dices sottened, and the steady march OF improve
ment secured. True The Times has not shaken
our already expressed convictions we think II
can hardly have expected to do so; but 1t has
rendered it Incumbent 20 iortfy our positions
by proofs and orr conclusions by arguments. This
we shall proceed to do, as well as hurry and the
data at hand will permit.
There is no qestion between us and The Times
respecting the existence or the intensityoi Ire
lands miseries These are conceded yeuties
The point in dispute is the potency OF British rule
and its consequences in producing those miseries.
We affirm that the conquest Of Ireland by Eng
land with the resulting coniiscstion OF the Irish
soil whereby it is rendered the exclusive property
of few thousands Of persons, who are mainly
alien in residence aud feeling to Ireland, aud who
draw from her industry an enormous annual m
come, which they expend in London, Paris Italy,
&c so that very little of it ever returns to benefit
Ireland directly or indirectly, is the fundamental
cause of Irish dcstitution and distress The Church
Establishment is minor but still formidable griev-
ance and the fact urged by The Times that It's sup
port is now charged upon the landlord rather than
the tenant does not touch the marrow Of the CON-
plant. SO long as very few, mainly abscntees.
own the Soil OF ireland, while her millions must
hire il or starve the shifting Of the 1.-THE from the
tenant TO the landlord must be unreal The land
freed from 1.-THE will be let higher by much than
beforehand the change, II not instantly FELT must
soon be- The amount actually paid by the cult
vators OF Ireland 10 landlords, middle-men and the
Anglo-lrish Church cannot in the aggregate be less
than One Hundred Millions OF dollars per annum OF
which not less than Forty Millions are paid to absen.
tees Can any man really believe that this enor
nous tribute couldbe annually comlng from the cult
yators OF an island not larger than State OF Maine
or Georgia without subjecting them to extreme
destitution and suffering The Times speaks of
the vast space yet uncultivated within the area Of
our Union as our safeguard against the woes now
.courgng Ireland This is partly true but only
because our wilds soliciting cultivation rs yet pro-
tect us from the blight of Land Monopoly. Charge
the soil of New England or New-York with an
annual rent equal to half that Of Ireland, and en-
force its payment Twenty Millions OF it to nom
residents, and we believe famine would be as COM
mon aud as desolating here as in Ireland.
In support OF this position, we propose to proher
the evidence of those who write what their eyes
have seen and their hearts intently realized
Our first witness is Rev. HENRY GILES, born and
raised in ireland, who in the last Christian Elk
aminer says
at seemed mystery to the inhabitants of this coun.
try how thousands should expire of hunger at time
when provisions sent away from every port and
why while the warship went in with charity the mcr-
chant ship should out for gain both eghed with the
staff OF life The mystery Is easily explained The man.
ufscture and the commerce OF Ireland consist general
ly In the production of food and It's expectation The
manufacturers the ters OF the soil who give in their
labor all the capital and pay high rents beside for that
which they toll The landlords are the of the
soil who expend capital. and who take even more
thsn the prOh Inc land cannot support these two class
es they at present related The landlord must
have state and luxury not expendng time or labor
money though the tenant spending time and labor and
money, has not subsistence The best of the produce
animal and vegetable, exported TO meet the landlords
demands the worst is retained to supply the cultva
tors wants. The cultvaor must pay or quit He sells
his wheat his oats his stock pay he reserves the
potato on which to exist. The potato fails the cult.
vator becomes pauper corpse. But all are not
thus at once, and so, while wheat is going out from
Cork IRON some To pay the landlord, maize Is
coming in Tor aims TO Others, who have already
paid hun man will feed his pig with
potatoes, but he may never feed himself with pig
The man feeds the pig but TO sell IT, and he sells il to
pay one who had never had trouble in rearing it. Rent
not only takes the surplus production of the tners
labor, but constantly anticipates more than the
whole II may, then, easily be seen how the mass OF
a plentiful general productveness may be going out
from a country, while the mass of its producers are
running to the workhouse or furnishing in their cabins"
Our next witness is Rev. WN 5 BALcH. a
keensghted and respected clergyman OF this city,
now travelling in Europe, who writes to the
christian Messenger from Londonderry. lin the
least wrctchcd portion of lreland under date Of
MAY %, isis as follows
An idea may he formed OF the means BY which the
better portion of the Irish peasantry live from what We
learned OF the people whore took siir-about -
mush made of coarse oatmeal. They improved one
acre OF ground ior which they paid rent OF fArss
pounds-(Sl5 -or their house poor stone affair with
= clay hoor. no chamber, but sort of bedroom two
pounds and for the pasture OF his COW the only one
kept IN village of fifteen twenty houses thirty shi
hngs in all, sj For this he has the proceeds Of his
cow and what he can raise 4 acre of land He
works for his landlord at sd as ocRts) day lie had
been at work ths; forenoon from I'VE twelve O'clock
but had eaten nothing suoe his supper the night before
He sat down 10 his meal and ate nothing but
and drank with halt pint of milk. lie went 10 his
work at one II not there at the time his wages were
dockcd one quarter His work continued I'LL seven
In this way he supported wife and three children
Both conyerscd ike intelligent and honest people Their
condition is comfortable compared with thousands We
have seen They now striving 10 lay up enough TO
earth
The people IN the North of Ireland do no; generally
appear 70 be 50 completely destitute and wre,ched a. in
the Middle and South. Bat the same general features
marx their condition. On few estates decided I'M
rroVcment In the condition Of the tenants Is 10 be- seen
which SATISFIES me that II the nobemen who own the
lsnds would only study the comfort of their epcndsnts
and their own interest to nothing OF honor and hu
ranity, instead of squandering the immense income in
London snd on the Continent, the Irish peopl would
have tar less OF complaint and the Enshsn Gov
eminent would be much less hated than il now Il So
far As can learn one great PRIMARY of lrrlsnd
wretchedness hes in the tenure of the lands An Earl
Marquis. Lord, OF rich man. owns several thousand
acres Of land. His property may be encountered with
debt 10 value bat II cannot DC sold By legal pro.
cess lie lives away from il and may not see II Tor
years perhaps This rented 20 smother person
At say $40 an acre nv him ~ aDnfhay Tor nv hin,