Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1848-06-08
VOL. XIII, NO. sO.---wHOLE NO. PTS

Lucca yielded next Venice proclaimed
her own Republic, still undecided whether
to isolate herself in her lagoons ar repub-
lie, or to join the constitutional king or
northern Italy. The king of Sardinia, who
was for long time the hope OF national u
nifty in aly,while at the same time his gov
eminent was the terror of the liberal party
at Turin, caused this contradiction, fatal to
his greatness, to cease on the breaking out
OF the French Revolution and he gave as
pledge OF sincerity, popular constitution
to Italian liberalism.
Lombardy understood, at this sign, that
the hour of independence had arrived. Mi
Ian, unarmed triumphed in an unequal
struggle over the army of occupation which
enhanced it. All Lombardy rose against
the house of Austria 1t only yet proclaim
ed its reimbursement, in order not to mix
up question of institutions with question
of war. The cry of Italy forced the King
of Sardinia to free himself like the Pope
and Tuscany, from the old anti-national
treaties with Austria He marched into
Lombardy. Contingents fastened from all
parts to the field of battle. The campaign
of Italian independence is being pursued
slowly by Italy alone, but in presence of
Italy and France armed, and ready to act
if their principles or the safety of their
frontiers should seem to them to be COM
promised in their watchfulness over Italy
Pass the Alps The results of the policy
of the French principle do not develop
themselves with less logic in events and ra-
pidity in consequences; they even burst
forth in the very center of the contrary
principle.
On the 18th March, a revolution breaks
out in Vienna. The troops are conquered;
the palace of the Emperor is entered by the
people, in order to expel the old system in
the person of its most nhexible statesman,
Prince de Metternich An assembly Of the
notable persons of the monarch is convoked.
All the liberties, which are the infallible
arms of democracy, are accorded. Hungary
nationalzes and isolates herself by an al
most complete separation from the Empire.
She abolishes ieudal rights; sells the eccle-
siastical properties she dominates minis
try of her own and, as proof Of her COM
plete separation, she even appoints Min
lister of Foreign Affairs. Bohemia, on her
part, secures herself separate federal con-
sttuton. BY these three different enfran-
chisements of Hungary, Bohemia, and It.
ally, Austria, revolutonized in the interior,
restricted abroad, only reigns over twelve
millions of souls Three days after the c.
vents Of Vienna, the people combat and tri-
umph in the streets of Berlin.
The King of Prussia, whose enlightened
mind and popular heart seem in accord with
those who combat with his soldiers, hastens
to concede everything to his people. A
completely democratic law of election is a.
bout to inaugurate Constituent Assembly
at Berlin. Even before the meeting of Con-
stituent Assembly, Prussian-Poland de-
mands at Posen distinct Nationality
The King consents, and begins to sketch
here the fIst basis of Polish nationality,
which other events will have to increase and
strengthen in another direction. In the
kingdom of Wurtemburg, the King, on the
Sd March, abolishes the censorship, con-
cedes the liberty of the Press and the arm
ing of the people. On the 4th March, the
Grand Duke of Baden, too near to France
to allow the ideas which cross the Rhine to
find their level, accords the liberty of the
Press, the arming of the people, the aboli-
ton feudalities, and finally the promise of
cooperating in the establishment of unita-
ry German Parliament, that Congress of
Germanic Democracy from which new
order of things is to issue.
On the 9Th of March, the King of Bava-
ria abdcates, and, after combats in the
streets, makes over the throne to prince
who unites his cause to the popular cause
at Munich. Between the 9th and IIth
March, similar abdication of the sovereign
of Hesse Darmstadt takes place, and power
of the people, right of association, liberty of
the Press, trial by jury, the French Code at
Mayence-all is accorded. The Elector of
Hcsse Cassel, whose resistance to the intro
duction of democratic principles was noto-
rious in Germany, grants the same pledges
to his people in arms, and adds thereto the
concession of the principles of German
Parliament lnsurrection wrests from the
Duke of Nassau the suppression of tthes,
the political and armed organization of the
people, and parliament on the English
model On the 18th March, Leipsic rises
| in instruction, and obtains from the King
of Saxony, already constitutional monarch,
his consent to the principle of a German
Parliament.
On the same day an imperative popular
demonstration obiges the Prince of Oden-
| Durg 10 cOnVOhe representation ol inc peO-
pie. The people of Meclenburg arm them
selves some days after, and nominate pre-
paratory assembly for eecting the Germanic
Parliament Hamburg reforms in more
democratic spirit her already Republican
constitution. Bremen reforms her Senate,
and accedes to the principles of German
Parliament Lubec, after violent dsturban-
ces, conquers the same principle. (Hear,
hear.) Finally, on the 18th of March, the
King of the Netherlands aboishes the insti-
tutions which restrict liberty in the grand
duchy of Luxemburg, where the tr-color flag
itself floats as spontaneous demonstration
of French principles, All this decomposi-
ton of the old system, all these elements Of
federal unity result in the German Parlia-
ment at Frankfort. Heretofore the Diet of
Frankfort has been the obedient instrument
of the omnipotence ofthe two great German
ic powers, Vienna and Berlin, over the fee
Bile allies of the confederation; but the idea
of a constituent parliament sitting perma-
nently in the heart of Germany arises on the
PRONUNCIATION of our ideas. This Parlia-
ment of nations, henceforth representing
the people instead ofrepresenting the courts,