Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-12-08


q any OF thc sovereign Siaie. Il M Union, d
p Of new, Norm or Svu;h .aYch Ling or moi
~ sla;tho!tIns, from detsrminn. The character
IN their own d. mesic ins buttons, n they NAV decl
by wise AMI proper. Any aud all lhc States posses
Of this right ami Congress cannot deprive hrm /
~ i. The peorle Of Gco:gi mish', il they choos,
IL 50 alter THEN Constitution rs 10 abolish >layri
nj within lis limit; AM The people Of Vernon
OF might So alter their constitution as to admit sa
ne very within lis limits. Both States would posses
is The right, though as all know, il is not probabi
o. Thai either would exert IT,
,e II is fortunate for The peace and harmony Q
N the Union that this question is in lis nature TEN
at porary, ard can only continue Tor The brief perIo
A. which will intervene before California and New
le Mexico may be admitted as States into lh
2 Union. From the tide Of population now flow
!. Ing into them, it is highly probable that this vii
y soon occur.
: Considering The several States and The citizen.
> OF The several States as equals, and entitled |,
equal rights under the on.tilulion if this were
al original question: il might well b. insisted I'll
s that The principle It non interference is the III,
g dccIine, and that Congress couh net in the all
: seEcc 81 any express grant Of power, iEtCiIcr,
u with their relative rights. Upon great em.I-
I, genrY, hoGcver, and under nlenacins dangers 10
r The Union, The Missouri compromise ice in re.
; sprci 10 slavery was adopted. The same line
{ was extended further West ia the acQui, ion q
c Texas. After an arqniescence Of nearly thiry
1 years III The principle Of compromise recognised
/. and established by these acs, and 10 avoi the
. danger 10 The Union which might follow il il
D were now disregarded, | have heretofore ex-
pressed The opinion that that line OF compromise
, should be extended on the parallel oil hirly-siS
degrees Thirty mnueS from the western bonI-
DAIRY OF Texas, who're i now terminates, 10 The
Pacific ocean This IS he middle ground Of
, compfomisr, upon which The different sections oi
The Union may meet, as lhry have heretofore
met. II hl> lie done, 1t IS cent .cntly believed
large majority Il he people II every section d
The country, however widely heir abstract Upi-
Mons on hr SUBJECT = slavery may differ, would
cheeriuy ard iarioica. acquir, &C in il, and
peace and harmony would again oil cur borders.
The restriction North vi the line was only yisid-
ed 10 in The case of Missouri and fexas upon
pTiacipic OF compfumise, made necessary i1l the
sake Of preserving he harmony, and possibly
ne existence ot The Union.
IL vas upon these considerations that al The
close OF your last session, give my sanction 10
! Inc principle oil the Missouri compromise line, by
approving and signing the bill 10 establish "the
| Territorial government of Oregon" From
sincere desire 10 preserve The harmony oil the
Union, AM ia deieIence for he acts OF my prede.
cessors, | telt constrained 10 yield my acqules-
cence TO The extent 10 which they had gene in
| compromising his delicate and dangerous ques
| ton. But il Congress shall now reverse The de-
csion by which The Missouri compromise was
effected, and shall propose 10 extend The leslIic-
| lion over lie whole territory, South as vel! as
North OF the parallel oi thry-siI degrees thirty
minutes, il will cease 10 be compromise, and
must be regarded as an original question.
II Congress, instead oi observing the course OF
non-ntcfercnce, leaving he adoption Of their
own domestic institutions 10 he people who may
Inhablt these Territories; or il, instead OF extend
ing The Missouri compromise line 10 The Pacihc,
shall prefer 10 submit The legal and constitutions
al questions which may arise 10 he decision Of
the judica! tribunals as was proposed in bill
which passed he Senate Al your las session, AZ
adjustment may be Effected in this mode. II III
whole subject BE- referred 10 the Judiciary, all
paris Of the Union should cheertully acqniesce in |
the final decision OF The tribunal created by The |
Constitution for the set'lemenI Of all Questions
VIII which ns'5 1ne United Sla,es. ''eA''eS'
ne aa eas9esy q Ryskeaa @hhs r lies IN
our path-ii mol in some one OF the modes sus-
sested, in some ether which may be satisfactory.
In anticipation ~ the establishment Of regular
governments over the acquired territories, Joint
commission Of officers II The army and navy
has been ordered T. proceed 10 the coaS; OF Cali.
iarnia and Oregon, Tor The purpose OF making
80 I
iar Tie erection 81 ioriica oGs IL uher defensive
WORKS on land, AMI Il sui,ablr situations iJr
'dYa stations The inurna ion which NAV BE- ,
'xrectrd from scientific and sslul ryaGina
non oil The whole face 81 The coas, viii he emf
nen'ly useful 10 Congress, when hoy come 10 con /
'iici the propfety OF making appropriations or i
hese great national Objects Proper deiences on
and will o. necessary for the security and pro- :
eciiUn OF our possessions and the establishment :
NJ Yards and n donL tor ~,
obstruction oi vessels, will be important alike 7
. our navy and commercial marine Without n
UGH establishments every vessel, whether OF the NJ
aVy or 81 The merchant service, requiring re- n
al, must, al great expense come round Cape y,
iufn 10 one cf oar Atlantic yards for hal ,ur- .
ose. With such establishments vessels. il is n
elavrd, may BE- buiii or repaired as cheaply in RI
afornia a: upon the Atlantic coast They 81
"uh gre employment 10 many OF oar enter !,
'i.ag ship builders ant mechanics, and greatly IN
c'lilatc and enlarge our commerce in the Pa %
flc ~
As il i ascertaiard that mines Of gold, silver. q,
PIPER, and quicksilver exist in New Mexico mr.
II California, and that nearly ali The lands 20,
here they are ionad beloas to the Unit states hi
IS deemed important 10 he public Interests that 10
DIVISION be made for a geographical aud mine for
Logical examination II these regions. Mca- lee
res should be adopted IL preserve The mineral IN
1ds, especially such as contain The precious he
.ials, Tor the use OF The United States; or il ho
ought into market, TO separate them from the ~
ming lands. and dispose Of them in such man
a to secure large return oil money to The 10
asuTy, ami al The same lime lead 10 The deye- moi
ment OF their wealth by individual propriclors IN
! purchasers. To do This il will be necessary SIN;
provide for an immediate survey ard location n r
The lots If Congress should deem i, proper 10 be :
pose oil tie mineral lands, they should be viii
IN small quantities, and al a fixed minimum and
recommend that surveyor generals Offices be as
horned % be established in New Mexico and Ne.
norma, and provision made Tor surveying and slor
l5ino the public aG5s into d aTket al he cal. and
practicable period. In di>pusine al these OF D
{, | Tecomnehi that lhr right Of pfe-cmption Inc
ecured, and liberal grants made 10 the early T
grants who have settled or may settle upon his
n. OF II
will be important IN extend our rovcnuc T
5 over thee Territories, ard especially over te;h
orala, at an early period. There is alrea- dled
a considerable commerce with California vent
until ports of cntry shall be established and vent
sctors appointed, no revenue can be receiv- was
eight
these and other necessary and proper mea- ared
5 be adopted for the development of the iory
th and rcsourccs or New Nnx;co ord con dulla
ia and regular Territorial governments ho Til
,lished over them. such will nrobohlv bo was
rand enlargement If our commerce ,aJ thous
raiiop and sucb tho addition 20 ~ -; consi
ealtb that Tho nre.o,, aono.o,o 49,. ,: one
,yi,,oss ,ha dna,no,,;I "i'5 i'c and :
,tary power Of the world transferred from
on and other European emporiums to the ar.,ci
of New York. = n,
e approximations which were entertained py period
OF Unr statesmen, in the earli.T periods II iniio
ovefGm nj, that our system was incapable seven
Grating with sufficient energy and success cents
largely extended territorial lims, and that thirty.
were attempted, it would fall TO pieces By lhouss
N weakness, have been dissipated BY our cents;
fence. BY the division OF power between hre-
a.es and federal government, the latter is hundr
20 operate WIN As much energy IN The e1- and lr'