Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1848-12-16

II would be most useful 10 examnehe tariffs OF all nations
and ascertain how much labor IN each thereby diverted into
less productive pursuits.
These tables have never yet been collected but II Of the
thousand million people Of the earth the labor Of two hun
bred millions thus rendered less profitable to the extent of
one cent day for EACH the annual loss would be SIX hun
dred millions of dollars Man was commanded labor, but
he was permitted by his Maker to employ his industry in each
country those pursuits for which 1t was best suited and
where his labor would be less and better rewarded
But the laws of man. by high duties diminish the products OF
his industry thus augment his hours Of toll and deprive him
of the time designed by his Creator for the acquisition OF
knowledge These laws ALSO whilst diminishing the wealth
nations produce discord between them eachby high
ifs procamng upon the industry OF all others. Under
free trade each nation will profit by the labor Of every other
each will employ its industry in those pursuits fol which It is
best adapted and the surplus OF each be thus exchanged with
the ohe by reciprocal commerce beneficial total parties
The industrial interests Of nations Identical and IN
exchanging with each other the products eapy pro-
duced by EACH labor every where benefits Labor man his
brother man. and nations each other and their only snago
nism is introduced by human legislation The doctrine OF
free trade the petition of labor to employ itself where
in those pursuits best adapted by every country and
yielding therefore in each the largest products and highest
wages. looks upon every where as friends, as
BRETHREN equal in rights and united in interest and destiny
Rightly understood there is perfect unity Of interest be-
tween man and man. and nation and nation, and between
capital and labor.
We see the benefits Of reciprocal free trade among all the
States Of this Union although their wages, products, and
fabrics those Of separate nations yet all the
States find il be their interest to admit freely the
ducts of each.
The benefits Of this unrestricted reciprocal
sute the great bond of interest," constantly augmening which
keeps together the various parts but if the protective doc
ne be true would be the real interest Of each and OF all
these States impose duties upon similar products in others
for the protection Of the people of each State Yet clear as is
this proof of the benefits Of reciprocal free trade between the
States Of this Union, the principle, as question OF political
economy the extended to other States united with
under the government The difference in their po-
ca institutions cannot affect the great principles OF COM
merce The local laws of Ohio and louisiana Of Missis-
spp and Massachusetts, variant in respects
than those many other States beyond the limits OF the
UHon Now whilst acknowledge the benefits of recpro
cal free trade between these four States thus differing in their
local institutions wages and products, he proectonss deny
that it would be beneficial to establish reciprocal unrestricted
with other States beyond on limits Yet variant
forms government make Difference to the recpro-
cal benefits II free trade be beneficial among
all republican States, might at least extended to them,
although monarchies excluded bit none will maintain
that nations should restrict their with each other,
because they differ in their form of government Although
governments may differ, race throughout the globe
the toing millions who inhab have interest," and, as
question of political economy, the benets OF free trade must
be the whether extended States within beyond the
limits of the government, and eachSate though sepa
rated hereafter by catastrophe from every other State
would be alike still benefited by reciprocal free trade among
the whole for their commercial not change
with the separation from the coDfederacy.
Congress representing the several Staetof this Union must
perceive how injurious would be the eectof tariff by any
upon its interest," and that of all he States Now
trade not geographical POLITICAL and Congress OF de-
egates from all nations assembled they would
ceive that commerce a un-hat asnot local but in
tenatona and that tariffs by nauons on the pro-
ducts of Others just injurious to each and to all ma
tons would be tariff in State upon the productions OF
all the other States of the Union If then, in Hch Con-
gess of all nations reassembing from time time their
al tariffs discussed and their injurious eec upon each
and every other nation demonstrated the whole protective sys
tenn throughout the world would fall before the light OF such
haup
the reach of man. there perfect order under the direction of
Almighty power, but whenever disturb these laws,
dscord and injury sure TO ensue
The EARTH sun, and countless systems wheeling through
universal space onward in perfect order and beauty but
the harmony the spheres would be DISTURBED il the e
gaton of man could interfere and the Laws OF nature
The natural laws which control trade between nons, and
gulae the relation between capital and profits he hand
and wages and labor he other perfect harmonious
and the laws OF which would effect change always
injurious. The laws Of political economy fixed and
tain. Let them alone is all that is required Of man let all
international exchanges Of products freely in their
bits the heavenly bodies their spheres and their order and
harmony will be perfect and their results beneficial
every under the laws OF nature, when undstub
ed by the and interference Of man.
labor is dear here and low abroad, in the exchange Of
products of theirs for smaller amount Of ours,
and gain by the exchange The cheapnes Of foreign labor is
argument in favor Of exchange with them Thus if we
concede to linens, that Europe from cheap labor could a
ford sell yards for what would cost here woud be
interest purchase from them at the reduced price But
according the protective theory, the cheaper the foreign la
bor and the lower the price of its products the should
exclude them by higher Of duty. Ia the abnce of
duties will exchange surplus products for their cheap
abcs and labor being applied to the production Of
ces thus exchanged abroad wages will be enhanced here by
obtaining extended markets for products and getting
for them greater quantity Of useful articles at lowerpes
In the absence OF tariffs the division Of labor wouh be
cordng the laws Of nature in each nation, and the surplus
Of each would thus be exchanged among the WHOLE zach
poyne its labor only In the productive pursuits and
therefore the aggregate profits would be largest labor
low any foreign country that they could furnish goods
almost nominal prices and these cheap articles such
wanted here it would be interest purchase them in
exchange for products and the cheaper the foreign articles
the greater would be gain in the exchange strange
objection the purchase Of foreign articles that the price
too low.
The argument that must encourage infant nanufac
always alacious for they would encourage them
selves the country adapted them. But
they infant manufactures We have called them
sixty years. and will they be infant manufac
lures until wesned from legislative protection On the first
Of February the markets Of Great Britain will be open
breadstn nominal duties Shall enlarge the
kets for products by selling them Great Britain in the
only way in which she purchase them for series Of
yearsby taking in exchange such Of her fabrics she
sell TO at cheaper rates than make them To the
farmer planter this just question whether he shall have
two markets one, whether he shall sell a higher
price, less lower price. n il be interest TO shut
out British fabrics il would be theirs TO their
laws, and exclude breadstufs from their markets
II is said that other nations will not take products in