davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
1000 ACRES OF LAND
E0Ig SALE,

NlENDiNG TO change my pursuits, will sell
the Farm Oh which reside =, Uar,;so, co,ntv
on Unatly aud Peel Tree Greeks. This is one of
Inc most fertile bodies Of Land in Northwestern Viz
gina; upwards Of
1000 Acres
are cleared. and the unceared Land is well timber
ed, and equally fertile with the portion that is clear
cd. No estate Of its magnitude could be better
supplied with water, aud it contains sufficency of
Lame and Stone Coal. The Buildings and other
Improvements are respectable. The certainty of
Inc construction Of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
through this portion OF the country renders this
P'Vn,ao,e and IN all respects desirable estate.
Inc erms can be made accommodating as to
,he periods OF payment. II not sold this year will
lease It, to be used as grazing Farm, to commence
the next year.
:, T.. S. DUNCAN.
May 10, lS48-3w.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
ESTRAY.

A BAY MARE strayed from the County of
4 - Nelson, on Sunday morning last, and was
seen on Back Creek, in this (Augusta) County on
tho evening Of that day She is about five feet,
one or two inches high with q star in her forehead
Reasonable charges will be paid to any person ia
king up said Mare, and furnishing information con-
corning her to JAMES M. HARRls, Greenfield, Mel
son County, Va.
May IL, 1648.-3t
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
WAlhWAlBIhls 1BnOlsso

A LlSON'S History of Europe; Prescott's Con-
a quest of Mexico; Prescott's Conquest Of Peru ;
Monette's History of the Valley Of the Mississippi
history OF the Later Roman Commonwealth, by
Ihos. Arnold, ID. d.; History of Virginia, by How
ison; The Works Of the Rev. Robert Hall; Chal-
mer's Select Works Chalmers Miscellanies D.
Aubigne's Germany, England and Scotland d.
Aubignes Cromwell D'Aubigne's History of the
Reformation &c., &c.--for sale by
ROBERT COWAN.
May 10, ls4S
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
REMOVAL.

fs>HE subscriber has removed his store TO the
corner house lately occupied by David Kerr,
esq, Immediately opposite the Virginia Hote,
where he has just received and opened large as
sortment of DRY GOODS, H4RDW.8RE.
QUEE.NSW.1RE s. GROCERIES,, selected
with great care and bought on the most favorable
terms, which enables him to offer great induce
ments to cash and punctual customers Being
thankful for past avors and disposed to please all,
he hopes, by strict attention to business to share
portion of public patronage.
JNO. BRANDEBURG,
Opposite Virginia Hotel.
n. B.-Country Produce taken in exchange for
Goods. j. b.
Staunon, May 10.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
OUR SIDE BEST.

TIME subscriber continues to manufacture his
Il LATEST IMPROVED PATENT PRE-
MUM
Wheat Fan
at the old stand, (the DR.. Martin proper.y,) the
McAdanized road in Tho northern end Of Stanton.
These Fans have now been fairly tested by the
Farmers Of Augusta and adjoining Counties, and
have, after fair tria, proven far superior to ell
theirs now in use.
More than 500 certificates and references in re-
gard to their great superiority might be given but
he deems it unnecessary, he is confident proper
trial Of them will prove satisfactory. All persons
wanting good Fans, therefore, would do well to
give him a call and examine for themselves
N. B-All communications addressed to c. M.
Burnett, Staunton, will be strictly attended to-
Fans delivered 60 miles free of charge and at the
shortest notice.
CHARLES M. BURNETT
Staunton, May IL, l848.-2m.
@E Rockingham Register and Charlottesville
Advocate will publish two months and forward ac-
count to this Office for collection.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
NEW CONFECTIONERY,
AT WHOLESALE & RETAIL.

-VG%
IHNHE subscriber respectfully informs the citizens
OF Saunton and the public generally, that he
has commenced business in the house formerly &C.
cupied by Mr.. John Brandeburg. and intends to
Keep ON hand large assortment of
COMPETITIONS, FRUITS, NUTS, TOYS, &C.,
which he will dispose of at Wholesale or Retail
at reduced prices. AS his candies are manufac-
tared by himself, he can assure purchasers that
they are free from impurities and entirely healthy
Merchants purchasing to sell again, will DC furn-
ished at City prices, carriage included.
EVANS NIEDTCATED CANDY,
SO highly spoken of by the public, and recommend
ed by Physicians for Coughs and Colds, will be
kept on hand fresh from the mandatory and sup
piled in any quantity.
iStNxsstO2s EsMkcery.
He has also established Bakery in connection
with his establishment, from which he will be able
to furnish parties with Cakes Of all kinds, at the
the shortest notice and the most reasonable terms
Loaf Bread and Rusks furnished families, &c.
morning and evening, and may also be had at his
store or bakery throughout the day.
Thankful for any patronage that may be bestow-
ed upon him, he would respectfully invite those in
search of articles in his line of business, to give
him call. b. f. EVANS.
Staunton, May 10, lSAS.--tf
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17

FENflE subscriber informs his friends and the pub
= lie that he intends to manufacture
BOOTS e. STEOES
cheaper than have ever been manufactured in thi.
market.
Best stitch or channel Boots; So 90
Peg Boots, 5 90
Footing Boots, 00
Mems Calf Shoetees, from 9 so to 3 90
Ladies' Calf Shoes, | 80
He has just received from Baltimore the best Sc
lected Calf Skins the market will afford. His
work will be of the neatest and latest fashions.
An assortment oil Boots and Shoes always on hand.
DEWITT C.. HARRY.
n. B.-Repairing done at the shortest notice and
inthe neatest style. D. c. Ii.
April 10 lS4S-tf
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
NOTICE,
TO PAINTERS AND BUILDERS.

WIZ now offer great inducements as we are in
receipt Of a large stock of Paints, Oils, Glass,
White Lead, (dry s in oil } Linseed Oil, (by Dbl
and gal.) Spirits of Turpentine, Litharge, &C., Sc
Call and examine stock at the Sign of the Col
den Mortar, next door to M. Cushing's.
ESKRIDGE s. GUSHING.
April &c, 1913.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
FOR RENT.

4 OFFER for rent my Tavern Establishment,
at the Warm Springs, Bath Courthouse The
Buildings of the Tavern are new and of Brick,
large and well arranged Stone Stable Frame
Stable and Sheds, for fifty horses; good well in
rear of the Tavern, and garden attached will
let 60 with the Tavern the greater part of the fur
nture that may be necessary. Also, about ten
Acres of Meadow, some pasture land, potato patch,
and the privilege Of fire wood on my land, close at
hand. | am disposed to rent on reasonable terms,
to man who come well recommended as q
! Tavern Keeper. GEO. MAYSE
Jan. 20, iS4S,-tf
~ Lexington Gazette please copy.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
Highland County, Va, Z
May IL, '48.-lw. s
NOTICE.

sVNO those who purchased property a: the sale of
Il Lewis Mowry, decd, we would state, that
their Notes have now become due, and prompt pay
ment is expected. All persons having claims a.
ganst the estate requested TO present them pro-
perly authenticated for settlement.
JOHN KOINER, 2Ex,
ROB'T SNAPP, s ''
May IL. lS4S.-3t
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
WOODEN WARE.

Furnishing Store for Young IOusrkecpcrs.
X EPT constantly on hand, large stock of
"A Queensware, Dinner Sets, Gilt and White
and Painted Tea Sets, from SO 80 to 500 Tubs,
Buckets, Jars, Crooks, Carpetings, Coffee Mills,
Tin Ware, Brooms, Brushes, Knives and Forks,
and VERY LARGE assortment of Hardware
Bed Cords and Leading Lines, Looking Glasses,
Bread and Tea Trays, Brass and Bell Metal Ket-
ties, &C., Sc, &c., on the BEST TERMS
May 10. WHITE s. co.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17

a .oNDoN PORTER, Just received and for
rs sale by 4. d. WREN.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1848-05-17
RENO gsEE.
4 PR l. 10, S4S
ks0ot s. Shoe ssgfsS.esgesEssSffss

Composite The Virginia IIotel.)
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21

examined the question, can remain a member
Of the government, and go 10 the polls and
vote even for a good man-if it is possible
to conceive of such being candidate-with
such men for competitors as the two great
political parties will support. He who goes
to the polls agrees by so doing, that the sue.
cessinl candidate shall be President, while
he knows that the good tnan for whom he
casis his vote, supposing him 10 support
such, cannot be elected. We see not how
any one can deliberately enter an organized
band Of murderers and fobbers, agreeing when
he does SO, that the man whom a majority
shall select, shall control the b1nd-lnd that
too, when he knows, in all human probabili.
ty. the riiest robber and murderer amongst
them, will be their chosen ruler without be-
coming a participant in their crimes. Is it
possible. then, for consistent anti-Slavefy
men TO vote under this government
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21
Letter from ]. ". Walker.
CARuoLLToN JAiL. Jan. ., 1913.

CARUOlLToN JAIL, Jdns y, 1915.
FRIENDS EDiroRs:
have no doubt bot many nj the An,i.Sla-
very friends will be anxious TO hear tho re-
suit OF the Methodist prosecution, | therefore
a, this my first opportunity, send a line or
two or this subject. On Saturday last (lst)
the constable, or agent Of the Me,hodis,s.
ca me TO my house TO see il he could find any,
thing tina, he might take (steal) according TO
law. Not finding anything which she law
did not allow, although ] told him there was
a lot Of Brotherhood Of Thieves" in the
book case, he returned the execution, when
this (Monday) morning he came with an ex-
ecu'iou for my body, and a commiual to this
(CaTrollton) Jail.
am in Jail, that is. in a room in the Sirer-
ifs house, treated very kindly by him. TO
remain till ! am legally discharged. | I'M
dcrstand a writ of habeas corpus is granted,
and shall either be discharged tonight or
remanded 10 prison. LIE; the ease terminate
AZ il may, am not the first thrown into pris-
on by a hearIIesS, s~oulless, Goddess religion.
Ten o'clock, p. NJ. | was taken at half
past seven this evening on the above men.
TONED writ, issued by Judge Hunter at the
instance Of Nj. Van Blown. The points
raised were that the writ or commitment was
that ] was committed for debt, &c. need
not tell you the points, they were legal blum
ders somewhere. Tie Judge decided that |
could not be held, and | was therefore dis
charged after being a prisoner about twelve
hours. This will moriiiy the piouq Me,ho-
disjs, as also the Presbyterian Squire, who
now has to whistle Tor costs, for The county
won't pay costs wien The state fails in any
Of the proceedings.
! pity the poor constable. FOR he has been
kind as he could well be. in taking me tuir-
teen miles to Jail; h procured good accom-.
rnodations, &C., for which | am afraid he will
get nothing.
The trial on the writ Of habeas corpus cost
the county $3.50. So much for Squire Dun
laps's {, lily.
] shall return to my family Tomorrow, all
being well. My wife bore it like a spartan
| was going to say, bu, | will say like a
christian. / more than ever realize he
truth Of The declaration that the Church is a
Brotherhood of Thieves.
Yours in haste as ever,
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21
The North Star.

Those who wish TO subscribe for the North
star are reminded that Samuel Brooke, OF
Salem is an agent Tor tina, paper.
Persons subscribing for the Star can send
directly to WIN. c. Nell. Rochester. y. v.
(ts place Of pubiication) or 10 Samuel
Brooke, Salem. Coiumhiana CO., V. Nienol.
son, H~iaryeysburgh, Warren CO., o.. or to
Joel r. Davis, Economy, Wayne CO., lndi.
ana. Any pc:son sending the payment fot
four subscribers TO one address may have
OF the paper tot one year Gtais.
s. =.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21
The Prisoners Friend.
n. N. COWLES. Snc.

ino th'fi volume Of the PRISONERS
MEM commences with the year ISIS
We have now greatly extended i,s djmen-
sions. and hope otherwise to improve its ~.
fractions and usefulness. The mice will b,
enhanced fifty cents, bringing it at two dol
lars per annum. The present valuable con-
tributors to its columns, we are assured, will
continue their %iavors, and we hope to be abb.
TO enrich the publication. and TO promote the
chuse to which it is devoted, with The pro-
d~uc'ions OF other pens equally gifted.
We are most happy to be ahie to inform
our readers. that we have made arrangements
with EDMUND QuiNcY, Mary a. LivsRMoRG.
and d. X. LEE, TO become regular coniribu-
tors.
Every effort will he made TO make il wor-
thy 10 rank with the leading journals Of the
day, and every way deserving Of the nttrao-
tive title which it beats. No sentiments of
an immoral tendency viii be admitted, 70
TIA; II will he rendered an acceptable
FAMILY NEWSPAPER.
To fender The articles ai;rac,ive, it Is In
tended 10 present. occasionally,
APPROPRIATE ENGRAyINGS.
Ac W. are opening a correspondence a.
broad, we sha!! present many valuable aru-
cies from
THE BEET FOREIGN WRITERS.
To fender the periodical still more %inierce-
ting. especially 10 those who take no othe;
paper, we shall give more space 10 the
NEWS OF TIE WEEK.
Such is a sketch Of our general plan. How
many Of our old friends will continue their
support, we know not. We hope not TO miss
a single name. On the contrary, will you
not rather induce others to join with you'-
The prisoner cannot aid us. OF course. out
enemies will not. To our friends, therefore,
we lock for aid in carrying forward. 10 lie
final consummation, this great and benevo~
lent movement. We ask YOU TO circulate
this among your friends, and forward to us
such sums as you may receive, either rs sub
e%TiPIons 10 the paper, or donations TO the
cause. Shall not the PRlsoNRR's FmEND
find a generous support lyon do no more,
send 81 for SIX months of the new volume,
which commences with the year 1913,
1t is confidently believed that no person
here have equal facilities for conducting q pc
rlodical Of this character.
DONATIONS IN AID OF THE CAUSE.
We not only desire TO extensively c%irclate
the Prisoners Friend, with a view OF chan
ging the public sentiment respecting the
treatment of the criminal, but We are anx-
ious, also. 10 employ Lecturers, especially
during the present winter, while the Legis-
latures are in session; also TO circulate Petit
lions and Tracts, TO visit Prisons, and 10 aid
Prisoners 10 return home 10 their families,
or to obtain an honest living when dischar-
ged.
We wish now 20 raise the sum Of FIVE
HUNDRED DOLLARS, to promote these objects.
Hind reader, will you give your part Of III
CHARLES SPEAR,
JOHN NJ. SPEAR.
40 CornAW, Boston, Jan. /, 1918.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21
The Presidency.

1t appears that Gen. Taylor, notwithstand-
ing the warm invitations given him, declines
visiting the Northern and Eastern cities just
now. This will be unwelcome news TO thou
sands Of the patriotic citizens of the North.
The lovers of glory wat to do honor to this
hero" the widower of women"-the COM
mander of the Cuba bloodhonds-the cham
pion of slavery. The general, ii is said, con-
siders himself a candidate for the Presiden-
cy. The peqpie, he says, have nominated
him, and he does not feel a, liberty 10 de-
cline!
A correspondent OF the New York Mirror,
writing from Washington, says that Henry
Clay has written a letter to a friend. stating
"that he will not run for the Presidency in
opposition to Gen. Taylor" If this be so,
the General is in a fair way to be a success
full candidate. The Wing presses of the
North, with rery few exceptions, will proha-
bly, soon be zealously and earnestly engaged
in blazoning 10 the world the uneXampled
virtue, talent and patriotism of General Tay-
lor. Aye, and they will clearly demonstrate
to the mass Of the Wing party, that he is,
and always has been, a most earnest and con-
sistent opposer of the Mexican war, and will
convince the anli.slavery Wings that he is
the uncompromising opponent of slavery
scarcely surpassed, in this respect, by the
great % imbodiment' himself! 1t is a mark
Of wisdom in MIR. Clay to decline being a
candidate with Taylor in the field. He has
no military renown to aid him. True, he
felt " half Inclined" a year ago, "to ask for
some nook or corner in the army" in which
he might serve TO avenge the wrongs done to
his country and thought he "mlght yet be
able to capture or slay a Mexican; - but this
is not sufficient for the lovers of military glo-
~. They are little disposed to take the will
for the deed. This half inclination, TO get
into some nook or corner, and kill a Mexican,
would avail him but little against a man who
has stood at the head Of the army and slain
his thousands, or what is more GLORIOUS"
commanded the poor tools Of the slave power
10 do it for him.
Wholesale acts of murder, committed TO
extend and perpetuate the "sum of all villa
Mes" s~lavery-are what render General Tay-
Tor available to the Presidency. To be the
idol of this nation, a man must be no COM
mon sinner; he must be a giant in crime
the embodiment OF the wickedness of the ma
ton.
We are not prophesying. Gen. Taylor may
not run for the Presidency; or if he does,
he may be defeated. If unsuccessful, it will
be because a worse man is found to run a
gainst him--one moro thoroughly welded to
slavery.
Who, with a true regard for the welfare Of
his country and his race, can have a heart to
engage in ihs approaching political struggled
We GO u,' see how say ore, who has aver
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21
MeSSrS. P2lfrey and GiddingS.
Yours in haste as ever,


Quite an excitement has been produced in
the Wing ranks, on account of the course Of
J. G. Palfrey and J. Il. Giddings, relative
to the election Of Speaker of the House Of
Representatives. Their refusal 10 vote for
Mr.. Winthrop is regarded as treachery TO
their party. Mr.: Winthrop was considered
a sound Wing, was the personal friend Of
Mr.. Palfrey, and both being from Massachu-
sets, it was regarded as particularly outra-
geous tina: he should vote against him. clio
sea Bigelow," in a long p%oetical article pub
lished in the Boston Courier, thus expresses,
in his humorous and instructive STYLE, the
feelings Of the Massachusetts Wings:
Not Has he! lie haint, though ? What
Voted agin him?
Ef the bird OF our country could keleh him
she'd skin him
1t seems though | see her, with wrath in
each quill,
Like a chanccry lawyer, a flcn her bill
Ind gTindin her talents as sharp as all ma
tur
To pounce, like a writ, OH the back of the
traitor!
Forgive me my friends if | seem 10 be het,
But a crisis like this must with vigor be met;
When an Arnold the siaf-spangled banner be-
stains,
Whole fourth of Jaly's seem to bile in my
veins"
Who is Robt. c. Winthrop He is what
is called a ''War Wing" lie favored the
annexation of Texas. He voted in favor OF
the Mexican War; and declared, on The floor
Of Congress, his intention TO continue to
vote men and money for the prosecution of
the war, until a peace was conquered. There
was probably no other Wing among all the
Northern doughfaces in Congress, to whom
the South had less objection as Speaker Of
the House. Mr.. Holmes, of South CARROLL
ma Democrat-lel the House on the third
ballot; and thus decided the election of Mr..
Winthrop. Would he have done this, if
even the democracy" of the South had Sc
riOusly opposed it7 No. The Southern
members knew him 10 be true 10 Slavery and
they preferred him to any other man, either
Wing or Democrat, whom they had any hope
Of eIeciing.
One would think that the Wing party
and especially the Massachusetts Wings,
who are loud and long in their declarations
Of opposition to the war, and their denuncia-
ton of the Democratic party on account of
it-could scarcely have the hardihood to de-
nounce those who voted against such man
for the office of Speaker. 1t is cheering that
there are even tpo men in the Wing party
who are willing sometimes to sacrifice parry
feeling to principle.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21
To Correspondents.

q. n. G. We will try 10 find room socn
for the communications eent--don'i know
when y. e. L. will retrrn.
G.. W. d. Next wreh.
J.. W. ". Wrote to him several weeks
ago. Has he not received i'll
T. d. Will sec by the receipts that T.
G's. paret is paid 10 No, $50, and the eth
ers 10 No. IT'S. a year in advance.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21

had any idea who the Liberty party would
nominate for the Presidency! We told him
il had borrowed a man from the Independent
Democrats, named John P. Hale. He did
not ask who John p. Hale was, but it is
doubtful whether he knew.
The people didn't want 10 buy books, they
didn't want TO subscribe for papers, they
didn't want 10 hear about slavery-it was no
concern Of theirs. The Wings, you know,
are the anti.slavery party, and yet the only
subscriber we got at Beeson's Y Roads is a
Democrat-ihe only man there who cared
about investigating The question Of slavery,
and the responsibilities Of the North, is one
tina. the prgesSed anti-slavery Wings proba.
bly, regard as a pro-slavery man; and yet the
old proverb remains as true as ever, factions
speak louder than words"
A Colonel ScHooL.
On our way to New Vienna from Blossoms
\ Roads, we visited a colored school taught
by Charles Hurd, a (crmer Georgian slave.
He has about thirty five scholars OF all ages,
sizes, and complexion-some Of SO deep a
jet that none would suspect them Of being
allied 10 the white oppressors Of this land,
and some Of SO fair and delicate a complex
ion that not the slightest tinge Of African
blood was perceptible 10 the casual observer.
Among the latter was a girl Of twelve or four
teen years of age whose regular classical fea-
lures were far more beautiful than those Of
any person We have seen for a long time
Some of the scholars were very small chill
dren, some Of them men and women. One
mother was there with her child, both lear
ming to spell, and beth DESTROYS to acquire
knowledge. Some Of the boys We're as good
readers as we ever saw Tor children of their
age, and would have done credit % any
school. One little girl was pointed ont 10
us who had been at her studies but a week,
and had in that time learned her alphabctan aud
10 spell words OF three letter, and yet because
her younger sister had made more rapid pro-
gress, she became so much discouraged that
she was almost ready to abandon her book.
Many of the colored people of that neighbor-
hood appear to feel the importance Of giving
their children, and obtaining themselves too,
as good an education as the preiudices of tho
people and the opportunity afforded them will
permit.
Our opportunities for mailing letters are so
unfavorable to their speedy transmission that,
you must not be disappointed if they are
somewhat irregular in their arrival.
EDIToRs.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1848-01-21
Books for tbe People.

Just received at the Salem Book. Store,
Human Rights, and their Political guarantees.
Ivy L. P. Hurlbut.
Woman, her Education and Influence, by
Mrs. Hugo Reid, with notes by Mrs. c..
NJ. Kirkland.
The Philosophy OF MesmeTism.
Book Of the Teeth.
Book of the Feet.
Combe's & Fowler's chronological and Ply:
stoioglcal works, &C., &c.
n GREAT T.iRTETY
or Juveniles, selected with great care.
All the standard Water-Cure'' works.
Phonetic Works-aIl that ne published in the
United States.
A variety of School. Classical, Scientific,
and Miscellaneous Books.
Blank Books, States and Stationary of all de-
scriPtions.
All offered on the most favorable terms,
by d. l.. GALBREATH.
Salem, Jan. 4ih, 1913.