The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-02-17

planned, Wnen Is remembered that the inviaton mas
emanated from his political opponents. But so 1t is.
Espartoro coming from London by sea landed at st.
Sebastian where the inhabitants spontaneously umi
mated the town. his arrival Preparations were made
to celebrate his return by public reoicDgs and honors
and salutAtions due to his rank as Captain General
TONS and would not accept guard OF honor due
to his military rank He travelled from St. Sebastian to
Madrid incog aud took to arrive In the capital at
four in the morning, hour at which was not to be
expected that any popular manifestations should take
front Of his hotel but he avoided showing hms,f or
doing thing which could provoke outbreak OF the
public enthusiasm When 1t became nsoesnary to pre-
sent himself to the Queen he went out In plain clothes
In the brougham of friend to avoid popular notice.
Various versions given Of his interview with her
majesty but we have to know that it such
as to crafty the Ex-Regent He was received by the
Queen and King consort none Of the ministers being
present with words Of kindness on the one side, and
fseions Of devotion the other were interchanged
and the interview terminated satisfactorily.
Espsrtero afterwards took his seat and the oaths Is
Senator and understood to be about to leave MA
drd on . visit to the provinces.
have been circulated ever suc the
return Of the Queen Mother from Paris Of the decline OF
Queen sabeAs health 1t Is certain that she has been
subject lately to siuting ats which have produced much
unsasiness and alarm.
On two of these occasions the Prime Minister Narvaes
has been suddenly called to the palace. In the last
these cases. Her understood to have contin
ued for nearly three hours In state OF nsensioiity
Nevertheless the public anxiety has been asyed by the
subsequent appearance of the Queen In public without
any marks Of visible indisposition.
ing the supposed OF Queen Isabella with the views
which the Queen Mother and King Louis Philippe are
to with regard to the succession OF
No expectations are now enter of The appearance
of direct heir to the throne norris there much hope felt
OF the Duchess of Nonpensier having issue Meanwhile
the great power Of Europe England and France except
ed) have not acknowledged the sovereignty OF Isabella
and will be rendered still less likely dc by the
appearance of successor in the direct line or in
the collateral of the Montpensiers In short the
seeds Of disputed succession have been It has
hnav hat huna
her desire to the Sslic law reests bshed In spain
throw the family of Don Carlos within the CIRCLE
of Europe to the statue quo of the Peninsula Time
alone however, prove what extent Of reality there
may be in these and similar specustions.
MILAN, January IL, ls4s.
This city has during the last fortnight been the scene
of extraordinary events In former letters you have
been informed of the secret struggle which has existed
here between public opinion the one hand and the
iron dsspotsm of Austria on the other.
We have overwhelming armed FORCE ready to crush
at any moment defenceless and unsrmed population
No organ of expression exists for public opinion There
is press any Journal save one, which the
hicle Of the will and the DEGREES Of despotism
There Is jury, and consequently, in oil questions
between the government and the citizens there Is
Justice Individual and personal liberty there is none
In this situation of deporabe helpessness, intel
ligent and philosophical individuals lately reminded
America before the Of Independence, sssaed the
homo government, by combining together to stop the
consumption of from which the Brtish government
derived so large revenue. Initiating this example, It
was suggested that should exercise the means
of coercion over Austrian despots by ceasDg to
tobacco in any FORM Of which the government re-
NOUS 1t was further suggested that should
put money into the lotteries another monopoly
Of the government and extensive source Of
These suggestions thrown out towards the end Of
December and tacit agreement come to that they
should be into esss on anu
effect and except in instances not cigar was to
be- in the streets or places Of public resort The
few who smoked whether from ignorance OF what had
been agreed upon, from desire to violate it. were
soon made feel the irresistible power OF the opinion of
resus and Insults and finally had the cigars ,wtchsd
from their mouths In this state Of things the agents
Of tbs government and the police sent out hired ind-
vduals followed by armed and other agents Of the
civil power to smoke cigars, supplied to them gratu
touly The people were not slow to invent an infinite
variety OF modes OF annoyance, which soon banished
them from the public ways
The Govern ment seeing thcresorted on the Sd inst to
measures of decisive and strocious nature. Ths
soldiers generally Austrians were supplied gratuitous
~ with thousands cigars and let loose upon
the town. retaining their side bayonets and sabres
They instructed to keep in bands Of so 80 to
frequent the public and the most fequented
and fashionable cafes where persons Of their
position had not been accustomed to appear and
desired to smoke the cigars In tho irritating
provoking manner. 1t may be we'll imagined that such
instructions not thrown away upon bodies of men
abandoned ard progste classes Of the population Of
the Empire. The Government we'll knowing what the
consciousness Of orders must be- directed them in
case Of their being nsuted their pleasure their
side arms-in o word, massacre Of the. population
arranged by the authorities for the evening Of the
Sd instant. That such q measure premedtated is
proved by the fact that orders sent to the hospitals
10 the morning have all the available beds and filters
prepared to receive the wounded Things being de-
iberatey arranged these bands of authorised murder
issued from their barracks in the AFTERNOON of the
3D. with the design the part Of the Government Of
spreading terror throughout Austrian Italy by the
hibtion Of modern st. Bartholomew and IL the results
not proportionate to their expectations, 1t
of right feeling their military agents than from any
want OF wi In themselves
The soldiers ordered secured the promensdes and
filed the cafes putting tobacco smoke In the faces Of the
peaceable and unoending citizens Insults and abuse
Of course ensued such Of the soldiers 90 were sum
GENTLY base to act upon the permission given to thsm
armed people The number Of killed and wounded is
varousy reported but their is no public press and
the journal to circulate falsehood
1t never be certainly known. Common rumor va
res from 90 to 400 The government reports admit on
ever are in the hospitals and private houses Among
the murdered is Councillor Of State, M MonaughDi
a respectable man, eyed above IS, murdered on tho
threshold Of his house. BY the Infatuated and ntox
icated soldery, he entering 1t. One body was
found literally cut to pieces having on 1t not less than
80 sabre outs and bayonet wounds.
For some DAYS after this atrocious affair tho troops
consigned to their barracks, and emily allowed to
leave them when actual duty But this city exhibits
artillery kept ranged the boulevards which
round the city, and the square before the chateau
The gums loaded night and day. Horses are har-
messed to them and the gunners have their matches
lighted
The streets are swept from hour to hour by patrols of
infantry, and squadrons Of osvarythe with their
muske loaded and the other with their sabres drawn
Each patrol of infantry preceded as In time Of war by
three with their loaded muskes supg and ready TO
be discharged. Such is the present condition Of our
city.
Meanwhile We learn that couriers have arrived from
Vienna with dispatches investing tho Governor with
extraordinary power In which Is included that Of de-
claring martial law.
In what all this will end, tell This reign
Of terror however does not appear to have ntmdatsd
other towns OF Lombady for We learn that Cemo Gre
mona Brescas, Pavis, Padua and other places, have
adopted the system of abstinence from tobacco and the
the lotteries Which have provoked the rage Of yrsns
here.
Failures OF Mercantile Firms.
The mercantile failures which have occurred since
last have bean fewer in number and less In magn
tude IN Great Britain than during any corresponding
period within several months past. But on the conti-
nanH~ t~nxn "a