davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
The Asnerican Lahes.

Prof. Drake, of Cincinnati, has been
making some observations upon these inland
seas. and gives the results to the public.
The chain Of lakes extends over nearly
eight and a half degrees OF Longitude in
length. The extent Of their surface is est.
mated at $4,000 square miles; and the area
of country drained by them is computed al
100000 square miles. Their relative sizes
are as foliows:-"Ontario, $500 square
miles; Erie, Q 600; St. Clair, 800; Huron
$4,000; Superior, $4,000. The average
depth Of water in the different lakes is Z
question upon which there is no certain in
formation. Authorities differ. DIR. Drak,
gives it as follows:-St. Clair, 20 feet
Erie, "a; Ontario. 500; Superior, 900
Huron and Michigan, 1000. In STANDARD
works, Lake Erie is usually stated to hav,
depth Of 120 feet. The deepest sound
ngs have been made in Lake Huron. OI
Saginaw Bay, 1900 feet Of line have beef
sent down without finding the bottom. Tn
altitude Of these lakes varies step BY ste,
from Ontario to Superior. Lake Ontori
Is 232 leet above the tide.water Of the ST
Lawrence. Erie is 1888 feet above Onts
rio, and SOS feet above the tide water at Al
bany. st. Clair is feet higher than Erie
Huron and Michigan are 13 feet above 81
Clair, and Superior lies Al feet above them
THIS shows the curious fact that while tn
surface oil Huron is 664 feet above the lie,
el oil the ocean, its bottom, at Sagina1
Bay. IS more than LOO below the sam
level. The waters Of these lakes, with ii
exception Of Erie aud St. Clair, are r.
markable Tor their transparency and del
r cious flavor. OF Lake Huron, Prof. Dral
sscertained that the water at the surfac
and 200 feet below the same place, indie
ted precisely the same temperature,
80 degrees. His explanation of this ia
: !, is: the water is so pure that the rays Of Il
!, sun meet with no solid matter in suspe nsit
ITO arrest and retain the heat"
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
The Chinese Language.

This language is found by Philologists to
present some of the most remarkable phe-
nomena in the whole field Of Philology 1t
is not an old language in state of decay,
but an infant language, stinted or arrested in
the first stage Of development. 1t was prob
ably written al an earlier period Of its exist.
ence than any other. Prof. Andrews says,
we must go to il to see what language is
in its infancy. 1t is the Lilliput Of langua
ges, the early invention Of writing having
acted upon il as the Chinese bsndaging
does upon the feet Of the Chinese female
This remarkable language. as spoken
has no more than $50 words, which, by
slight variations of tone, are increased tC
2, 1908. Yet the Chinese converse with each
other freely and upon all subjects and in
writing they use no less than 10000 char
acters, that is to say, each spoken word la:
from 20 to 200 methods Of representation
according to the various meanings which il
has, precisely as the English words rite
right, write, wright. are written differntl,
and mean differently, while, as spokel
word, they are ell one
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04

been more than trebled, and everything the
laborer needs has fallen, while his wages
have raisen or remain stationary. The
clock which the farmer had lot and could
not afford, now adorns the mantel of his
poorer tenant. and summons him to bis
meals.
There have been less Improvements in
agricultural implements than in machinery
Tor manufacturing purposes-but this is the
age of improvement Let machinery be
applied to husbandry also. Let bread and
meat be as cheap as clothing, and if the
distribution is not as equal as it might be,
let us rejoice. that if the rich man has more,
so also the poor man has much more.
The cottager has now, by the aid OF ma
chlnery, here, what great kings have not in
Africa, and Whist the kings Of England had
not before the introduction of machinery.
The great Alfred sat upon a three-legged
stool, while many an English or American
tenant reclnes on a gilded sofa. If the
poor Of England and America are not 50
well off as they should be, machinery is
not at fault 1t is machinery that has saved
them from much greater misery, and the ne
forms which they need are chiefly govern
and social.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04

Our Gellow-citizen, Edward Mascord,
ESQ.,, during recent visit to England and
the town Of his nativity, accidentally stum-
bled upon the ancient residence Of the an
cestors Of Washington, located in Sulgrave,
Northamptonshire. He describes it as a
substantial and handsome feudal residence,
Of about the time of Edward w., which, in
its time must have been capable Of stand.
ing a stout siege and maintaining good de-
fence. Mr.. Mascord took the following
very interesting extracts from "Baker's His
tory Of Northamptonshire":
In 80 Hen. 3 Q53S-g the Manor oil
Sulgrave, parcel Of the dissolved priory oil
st. Andrew, with all the lands in Sulgravt
and Woodlord, and certain land in Stotes
bury and Cotton, near Northampton, late be
longing to the said priory, and all lands II
Sulgrave, late belonging to the dissolved
priories Of Canons Ashby and Catesby
were granted to Lawrence Washington, o
Northampton, gentleman, who died seizet
in 26 Eliz. (15S3-4), leaving Robt. Wash
ington his son and heir, aged forty years
who, jointly with his eldest son, Lawrenc
Washington, sold the Manor Of Sulgrav
in 8 JAG. (1610) to his nephew, Lawrenc
Alakepsace, of the Inner Temple, London
lgont.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
WHOLE NUMBER II
Pnrsmerships.

Capital is rendered more productive by
the formation OF partnerships. Ii would Of
ten be very convenient if merchant could
be in two places at the same time. Blu;
this cannot be done. II, however, there are
two or three partners in firm. these part
ners may be in distant places. and thus the
interests Of the whole may be properly at
tended to. BY dividing their business into
distinct branches. and each partner superin-
tending branch, the business may flourish
as much as if the establishment belonged to
one individual, who had the convenient at
tribute OF ubiquity. One party may super
intend the town departmeni-ihe other the
country; one the manuiacturing---the other
the selling branch; one the boOks-the 9TH
er the warehouse; and by this division of la
Dor, each branch OF the business will have
the advantage OF being constantly under the
OF principal OF the firm
Another advantage is that by mutual discus
SION upon their affairs, the concern will be
with more discretion. The ig
norance OF one may be supplied by the
Of the other; the carelessness of
one may be counteracted by the prudence
81 the other. But the great advantage aris-
ng from partnerships is, that capital accu-
nulates faster; there can be a greater divis-
on of labor in large establishment; there
will be less ProportlOnate expense; the firm
will be able 20 gain a greater amount Of
;redit; and more confidence will be placed |
n their honor and integrity. 1t is very rare
hat dishonest failure is made by a firm
HUNTS Merchants Magazine.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
C..yer,. freu. B.ms u..a,,

On the Sth instant two ladies, residents
OF Liverpool, openly renowned the errors
of Popery, in Holy Trinity Church, Brk-
enhead; and OH Friday last, during divine
service at the same church, the Rev. DR..
Butler, Chamberlain TO Ills Holiness the
Pope" read his recanlation, and was adj
mitted into the communion Of the lone
Catholic and Apostolic Church" happily
established in this land. About seven years
ago, the Rev. J. Baylee, incumbent Of Trim
ity Church, engaged in controversy with
DR.. Butler, oil the errors of Romanism,
the doctor has since been to Rome, and lat
terly to Ireland. on his return from which
he called upon Mr.. Baylee, and voluntarily
expressed his intention Of becoming mem
Der of the Church Of England. His con
version has made a great sensation. as h.
was accounted one Of the most able dispu
tan,s in the Romish Church.-HaH.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
Beautiful "Reminiscences OF the First Con-
gress Of Philadelphia.


When the Congress met, Mr.. Gushing
made motion that it should be opened
with prayer. 1t was opposed by MIR. Jay
Of New York, and Mr.. RUtledge OF South
Carolina, because We were so divided in re.
ligious sentiments, some Episcopalians,
some Quakers, some Anabaptists, some
PIesbyterians, and some Congregationalists,
that We could not Join in the same act OF
worship. Mr.. Samuel Adams arose and
said, "that he was no bigot, and could hear
prayer from any gentleman Of piety and
virtue, who was at the same time a friend
to his county. He was a stranger in Phil.
adelphia, but had heard that Mr.. Duche,
(Dushay, they pronounced iD deserved that
character, and, therefore, he moved that Mr..
Duche, an Episcopal clergyman, might be
desired to read prayers to Congress to-mor-
row morning" The motion was seconded
and passed in the affirmative. Mr.. Ran
dolph, our President, waited on MIR. ID. and
received for answer, that if his health would
permit, ne certainly would. Accordingly,
next morning, he appeared with his clerk,
and his pontficals, and read several prayers
in tho established form, and then read the
Psalter for the seventh day of September,
which was the 35th psalm. You must re-
member this was the next morning after we
had heard of the horrible cannonade of Bos-
ton. ltseemed as il Heaven had ordained
that psalm TO be read on that morning.
After this, Mr. Duche, Unexpectedly to
everybody, struck out into extemporary
prayer, which filed the bosom OF every man
present. must confess that never heard
a better prayer, or one so well pronounced
Episcopalian as he is, DR.. Cooper himself
never prayed with such fervor, such ardor
such correctness and pathos, and in language
so elegant and sublime for America, fol
Congress, for the province Of the Massa
chusetts Bay, especially for the town O
Boston. Il had an excellent effect upon eve
rybody there. must beg you to read tn,
psalm. IL there is any faith in the sorte'
Vigiliana, or Honlerice, or especially tn,
sores Biblice, it would have been though
providential.
Here was scene worthy Of the painter
art. 1t was in Carpenters Hall, in Phila
delphia, building which still survives, tina
the devoted individuals met TO whom thi
service was read.
Washington was kneeling there, an,
Henry, and Randolph, and Rutledge, an
Jay, and by their side there stood, bowed il
reverence. the Puritan patriots Of New
England; who at that moment had reasol
to believe, that an armed soldiery wer
wasting their humble households. 1t wa
believed that Boston had been bombarde
and destroyed. They prayed fervently "fo
America, for the Congress, for the PROVING
OF Massachusetts, Bay, and especially fc
the town Of Boston," and who can reals
the emotions with which they turned implo
ingly to heaven for divine interposition an
aid! alt was enough" says Mr.. Adam
"to melt heart Of stone. saw the teal
gush into the eyes Of the old, grave, pacifi
Quakers Of Philadelphia"
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
Horrors Of the siave-Traa~.

Few people have realising sense Of the
horrors Of the Slave Trade as at present
conducted. We hear Of them at distance
and at once dismiss the subject from oul
mind, without following, in fancy, the pic.
tire in all its disgusting details. But sup.
pose the subject was brought home to US by
the arrival Of a SLAYER with its cargo OF hu
man flesh in our waters--such a one, for
instance, as has been carried into Sierra
Leone. She had five hundred slaves, oil
whom ten had died after her capture. The
deck was literally covered with men, wo-
men and children, some lying down, some
sitting, some standing. Many of them were
quite small boys and girls-many Of them
were mothers, and all quite naked. Be.
low were crowded two or three hundred,
between floors not exceeding 1-2 feet
apart. Men sitting flat on the floor cannot
sit up straight, and there they are crowded
in as close as they can be TANNED; the first
row sitting on the floor with their backs
against the side or end Of the vessel, then
another row sitting in the same way crowd
ed close in between their legs, and so OH, as
many as they can crowd in. There they
sit, week after week, in all their filth and
stencil, and sickness and death. Think OF
one hundred thousand human beings trans
ported this way annually-one half OF
whom die on the passage
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
Good News for u..eI-eyea Girls.

Msior Noah says that hazel eye in
spires at first Platonic sentiment, which
gradually but surely expands, and emerges
into love as securely founded as the Rock
of Gibralter. A woman with hazel eye
never slopes from her husband, never chats
scandal. never sacrifices her husbands COM
fort 10 her own, never finds fault, neveT
talks too much or too little, always is ar
entertaining, Intellectual, agreeable, anc
lovely creature. We never knew but ont
undressing and unamiable woman with
hazel eye, and she had nose which look
ed. as the Yankee says, like the little en'
of nothing whitfield down to pint.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
BemeIi e. Of yluchsncry.

The New York American in an article
on this subject, states that fifty years ago
wages were no better, in fact, less then than
at the present day, and the comforts and
luxuries of life far more difficult to obtain.
Articles needed by the poor man, cost in
those days Of comparative freedom from
machinery, from twice to three times what
they do now, and often moIe-and you will
find that the greatest reductions are in those
articles to which machinery has been most
successfully applied. There is no article
OF luxury or comfort to which machinery
has been extensively and successfully ap
piled, Of which the poor man cannot now
get more for days labor than he could
before such application Of machinery
Salt is now less than one-third, iron les
than one-half shirtings and calicoes, ant
cloths generally, from one-half to one
fourth. Pins, needles, shoes, hats, every
thing in similar proportions.
Forty years ago such articles Of use ant
ornament as locks were scarcely known
and could be afforded by the rich only
Farmers wagons were chiefly sleds, thel
houses cabins, their chairs stools and bench
es, bureaus pins drove in the wall or pole
hung across, and their windows often a
old sheet or blanket Nails and glass cos
money in those days, and labor commando
little
Since machinery has been applied-be
ter roads, turnpikes, railroads, all OF whlc
are species OF machinery, have been col
structed. Steam has been made to props
the boat and the great ship, and to 81,
power to the mill, to the jenny and Il
loom. Production in many articles b
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04

| We have seldom, if ever, been more impresse
with the Message of Chief Magistrate to BIZ
people, than with the dying one of the late Gov
Skunk, of Pennsylvania. 1t contains but few
words, but these are words which
failure to brighter worlds"
We hope the people OF other States besides Penn
sylvania Will read the Message, and that ali oul
Chief Magistrates may declare their confidence
IN the same Rock
10 THE PEOPLE OF PENNSYLVANIA: Ii
having pleased Divine Providence to de-
prive me Of the strength necessary to the
further discharge of the duties Of your Chief
Magistrate, and to lay rue on bed Of SICK.
ness from which | am admonished by my
physicians, and my own increasing debility,
! may in all human probability never Use;
have resolved, upon mature reflection, IN
der conviction Of duty, on this day, to re.
store to you the trust with which your SUI
frages have clothed ME, in order that you
may avail yourselves of The provision Of
the constitution, to choose successor al
the next general election.
therefore Hereby resign the Office OF
Governor of the Commonwealth Of Penn.
sylvania, and direct this, my resignation, to
be filed in the office Of the Secretary of the
Commonwealth.
In taking leave OF you under circrln-
stances so solemn, accept my gratitude for
The confidence you have reposed in me
My prayer is, that peace, virtue, intelli.
5ence, and religion may pervade all your
borders, and that the free institutions you
have inherited from your ancestors, may re-
main unimpaired till the latest posterty;
hat the same kind Providence which has al.
eady blessed you, may conduct you 10
till higher state Of individual and social
happiness; and when the world shall close
lPon you, as feel it is soon about to close
lpon me, that you may enjoy the consola-
ions Of the Christian faith. and be gathered,
without wanderer lost, into the fold Of the |
treat Shepherd above. |
FRANCIS X. SKUNK
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04

An Ingenious author asserts t1dt tne ieIgtn
Of mans life may be estimated by the
number of pulsations he has strength to per-
form. Thus. allowing 20 years for the COM
mon age OF man. and sixty pulses in min
ute for the common measure Of pulses in a
temperate person, the number Of Puisations
in his whole life would amount to 2.2O7, :
$40, 900; but if by intemperance be forces
his blood into more rapid motion, so as to
give IS pulses in minute, the number oil
pulses would be completed in so years. con.
sequently his life would be reduced IA
| years. 60
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
FUN Acclaim.

Old Gem.-"Thomas, | have always
placed the greatest confidence nyou. Now
tell me, Thomas, how is it that my Butch
er's Bills are so large, and that always
have such bad dinners"
Thomas.-"Really, sir. ! don't know,
for am sure we never have anything nice
in the kitchen, that We don't always send
some of it up into the parlor!'-Punch.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
The Evil Of Want Of under.sasdins be
tween Husband and wife.

During the sale at Stowe, beautiful
statue of Venus rising from the sea, which
stood in an alcove built on purpose for its
reception, was holly bid for BY two rival
agents until i. was knocked down at con-
siderably higher price than its value. The
report is, that the agents represented the
Queen and Prince Albert, who each wanted
il TO present to the other. Prince Albert
was the purchaser.
The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-11-04
% MANY ducks are bred in Buckin

So many ducks are bred in Bucking-
bamshire, for the London markets, thai
sum Of f15,0O0 is annually paid at Ayles.
bury for young ducklings and it is said
that the wives Of the duck-breeders are IN
the habit Of driving their children away
from the hearth in order that the duckling'
NAV enjoy the full warmth Of the hIe.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-25
Loans. Specie.
$85, 1896, $50 IS, see. 499
80, @8, ST. l,00, 6@
$66, O94. 4l3 $s.722,s2
From our Baltimore Correspondent.

BALTIMORE, May 2-5, p.
The Democratic Conventtcn-DsposaI of businen-Ready
for on,inaingErobabe ACHIEVEMENTS The markets, &c.
The National Democratic Convention will have, you
receive this letter. disposed Of all the troublesome questions
that have thus retarded its proceedings and prevented
the contamination OF the objects for which twas con-
vened So far, the discussions and debates have been
marked by great ability, and have been conducted in
spirit of harmony, concession and fraternity that is truly
commendnbe All those points that usually bring the
north and the south in collision have been avoided and
discarded and will probably continue to be until the final
adjournment.
The two-thirds rule, the OF South Carolina and
other disputed points having been disposed Of the proba
biity that the New York question will also be settled in
this evenings session commences, when tho
next business order will be the nomination ofcanddates
for President and Vice President This will render it
probable the business of the convention will be
pleted tomorrow.
There nothing of local interest stirring in Baltimore,
except convention, and other connected with
The MARRErs.-The flour market continues dull. Sales
to-day SIS 50-more than which purchasers unwilling
give There rather sellers than buyers that
price City Mills is held at SO 064 l2l; rye flour
s3 s7a meal $2 Is 81 43t The receipts of
grain are moderate. Sales of red wheat at l35 14O
cents; nothing doing in white. Corn is dull sales of
white SO 80 cents and of yellow 80 40
80 cents rye II The provision market is with
change sales moderate previous Nothing
in groceries. The market generally heavy Whiskey
rnues dull with small sales 2lt 22A per gallon,
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-25
ASSESSORS NOTICE.

T meeting of the board OF assessors appointed un
~ der the appointing assessors ana providing Tor the
eurn of All subject the school tax, IT was re
solved that they should upon their duties OF assessing
his dav the 9th instant and continue so to do each day
nm finished Also that the first and second days OF June
between the of and O'Clock, p m be appointed
ted to call and them entered on the lsts by law
subject 10 inc school The following are the places APP
pointed TO receive their names;
First ward, at the West market
second ward at McClcy and Clementss, corner of llb
street and Pennsylvania avenue . 80
Third ward at Charles Wannels grocery, corner OF 9Th
street and New York avenue
Fourth ward George Cochanes tobacconist fh street,
between and streets
Fifth ward at the Columbian engine-house
Sixth ward r. M. Coombs's grocery, 9Th street, be-
tween and X streets.
Seventh ward al Island Hall -
JAMES NJ. TOWERS, Secretary.
25-dd
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-25
THE q NION.
Debates In the Baltimore Convention.

Our reporter In Baltimore has promised to supply any
omissions which he is compelled by the want of time TO
make in the order of the debates We shall hold him to
his engagement We shall regret TO lose any of the
speeches. and especially those of Monday evening The
Baltimore Sum gives touch of the quality of Mr..
Senator Hannegan's and other orators in the following
sketch
After repeated calls Mr. Hannegan forced TO mount
the staging, and proceeded considerable length to adj
dress lhe convention drawing forth loud and continued
applause.
Al HE conclusion of his address, Mr. Hannegan made
powerful and eloquent appeal TO the TWO divisions oil the
oil Their country their party and their principles Come,
said the spea kerr come, Hannibal brought to the
altar OF his country and lay down all your animos,
tiles and petty disputes the altar OF country, and
Join with US IN one united effort for the preservation Of our
principles and our national organization We have no
desire decide between you In your dfcutes and can
doubt but that will relieve the convention by some
happy concession and mutual compromise oil the dilemma
in which IL is placed
MIR. Hannegan then concluded by reminding the con-
venton that Mr Yancey. ofAlabama, present. who was
much more capable than he OF enghtening them on
democratic principles.
''Mf. Yancey having been enthu ST scally called on,
mounted the stage and addressed the convention for about
twenty minutes, in strain Of eoquence that drew forth
the enthusiastic expression of delight from the
vention well the audience. His anecdotes most
happy and well told and caused the happiest feeling TO
pervade the convention.
Hon Sam Houston, the hero of San Jacnto, then
called on 10 address the convention and ascending the
platform was received with enthusiastic cheers He pro-
ceeded to compare democratic principles with the prlncl
pies roesed by their opponents and TO defend ana sus-
tain the administration in its with regard the
and other matters OF general controversy between the two
parties
''The president pro tenn of the convention (on ]. S
Byse, OF Lousiana) followed General Houston in few
eloquent remarks in support of democracy and democratic
principles as the great and fundamental principles of ber
y The committees however, having returned he closed
his address rather abruptly"