The examiner. [volume] (Louisville, Ky.) 1847-1849, 1848-12-09

Rl4.t wtca< be may lie ovcrrns~.s ~ two tl.ss
eeth iionse, saa - ma, event The IN becomes ss
without his ion. u bis ot3tt tiss be lot thas over
ruled the subject u only postponed OF resenc 10 In
States, or The people tor their consideration and decision
The Consideration Is, however, negative merely, am
not shrmve, and Can enact no law. The only effect
therefore, Of his Withholding lbs appreciation OF the b
passcb Congress, s7er the existing laws to re
required 10 enable he states aud The people 10 cpn,s
and act upon the subject In the election d public agent
who shall show their wishes and Instructions Any al
temptto Yield his sanction 10 me asares which he
approve would be violation OF the spirit Of the consi
tuition, paipabc and fragrant, AMI II successful wou
ent and make the President elected by people, an
Clothed by the constitution, with the power % deien,
teif rights. the mere instremento the majority of Con
gress: and surrender on his part CT the power witt
which the constitution has invested, bis oifice wou
effect, be an alteration OF that instrument without
sorting to the prescribed process OF amendment.
With the motives or considerations which may Undue,
Congress 20 pass any BILL the President can have nothn
To DO lie must presume them to be as pure MS
and look only 10 the practical effect OF their measure
when compared with the Constitution or the pubb good
But has been urged by those who object TO the
else OF this und0ubted constitutional that assai
the representative principl. and the cspsty OF te PEG
pie 10 themselves; that there greater safety
numerous body, than in the single Executive created b,
Constitution. and that the Executive Is a"one pow
En- des?etic in its Character. To expose the lacy
this obeeont is only necessary to consider the frame
and true character Of system Ours Is not Consoh
dated empire buta couederated Union. The States,
lore the adoption OF the Constitution Coordinate
equal and separate independent soveregnties, AMI
adoption they did not lose that character; they clothed
the Federal Government with certain powers and
reserved all others, including their sovereignty 10
themselves They guarded their own rights States and
nights ofthe people by the very limitations which
incorporated into the Fedefal Constitution. We have
oy the different departments of the general Gov nmenf
checks upon each other. That the majority should govern
govern according to the Constitution and not ding
10 the underlined and unresrsned discretion, whereby
they may Cypress the minority.
Inc people OF the United States are not blind to the
ao that they must be temporarily msed. and thai their
Representatives, LIE gis AZURE and Executive may he
taken influenced in their action by improper motives
They therefore interposed between themselves anal the
acts which may be passed by their public agents, vaous
Representatives sucha Assemblies, Senaies Governors
IN their several States and House Of Representatives,
senate and President OF the u States The people can
BY their owa direct agency, make law; the
nor can The Senate; both together without the
concurrence OF the President, or vote OF twohr1s
both Houses.
Happily for themselves the people in framing an admi
abe system OF Government conscious OF the mfr
nifty OF their Representatives. and TO them
the power of legisiang. they have fenced themselves
around with Checks 10 guard against the defects OF hasfy
action OF error, OF continuation II possible OF corrup
non Error selshness and IA ton have often sought
to rend asunder this best OF checks and subject Gov
meni TO the control OF fanatics and influences bat
these efforts have only satisfied the people the wisdom
Of the checks which they have imposed and Of the
slty OF preserving themunlInpsired.
The true theory OF our system not TO govern by
or DEGREES OF any one set Representatives The cOns
luton imposes checks upon all branches of the Govern
msn in order TO give tune for error TO be Corrected .ns
jeusion 10 pass away; but the people settle down into
firm conviction different from that orthe represena.
ives they give effect 10 their opinions by changing their
public servants The adoption othe constitution. is the
best evidence OF their cspactyfor elf government They
know that the men whom they elect to public stations
OF like inhrniues and passions with themselves, and
not 10 be trusted, being restricted by Coordinate AN
thOrtes and constitutional limitations. who that has
witnessed the legislation Of Congress for the last thirty
years will say that he knows OF no instance IN which
not demanded by the pubic good have not
camedi Who will deny thatin the State Governments by
s.ft n.law rlstala
Of the general Interests, banks have been chartered
systems ofnternal Improvement have been suggested
REFRESHING their growth and impairng their energies for
years 10 come.
After much experience cannot be said that ALSO
Lutte power sale in the hands 90 any one set
OF Representatives, or that the capacity OF the people
Tor self government, whio is admitted broadsst ex
tent, IS conclusive argument 10 prove the prudence
wisdom and inte grity OF their repre- sen Natives
The pc ope by the Constitution, have commanded the
Pres dent, much they have Commanded the Legis
atve branches OF The Government to their will
rney have said 10 him IN their institution which they
require he shaltske solem oath to support; elf Con
gTess psSS any bill which he shall approve, he shall
return II TO the House 10 which shall have originated
with his objections In withholding from it his sppro
val and signature, he is executing the will OF the people
oonSttudonailyi expressed, much the Congress
which paSssdit No bal presumed 10 be in accordance
with the popular will until il shall have passed through
all the hanis Of the Government requisite make
law. bill passed by the House may be rejected by the
the House. in both each Houses exercise the veto
power over the other
Congress and each House OF Congress hold under the
Constitution check upon the President and he by the
power OF the qualified veto a check upon CONGRESS
When the President nds asures TO Congress
in the most sole FORM hs opinions gives
voice IA their favor and pledges himself IN advance ap
prove them il passed by Congress II he without
dic consideration, or has been lnuencesby improper
corrupt motives; or from any otsr Cause Congress
either House of Congress- shall differ with him,
their veto upon his ndaoRs and reject them
is appeal their decision TO the Eeo
RE at ballot box. These proper checks. Men
he fllInt In n wi
II is equally important that the constitutional checks OF
49, I----s--~~Is .s bS sfsiaVe ranch should be rs
II Ms said that the Representatives in the popular
branch Of Congress are chosen dhecty by the people,
answered the people sleetthe President lfbOth Hou-
represent the State, and the people, sol does the
President. The President represents in the Executive
each member OF the Legislative department represents
portions OF them.
The doctrine Of restriction upon Legislative and rem
resentatye power while well settled pubic opinion Is
enable within reasonable time to accomplish rs ends
has madeouT county what is and has opened to each
career of glory and happiness TO which all other ma
nthe exercise OF this power the President is respon
sibe nst only to enlightened public opinion to the
peopee OF the United States who elected him. the rep
resentatves in the Legislative branc he's who may differ
with him responsible to the people parc uar States
Districts. To restretthe President in exercise Of
this power would be TO repeal that portion OF the cons
tuition which oOnfers II upon him. To charge that il ex
ercised unduy contracts the lie gslaiive WILL TO com
Jain OF the constitution ITSELF
II the Presidential veto be objected to upon the ground
thstu checks and thwafts the public WILL upon the same
principle, the equality OF representation OF the States in
inc SehAle shOuu ne on, OF the constitution
me No'e % sehoto rom Delawsre mas equslweght IN
deciding upon the most important with th vote
OF he SehaoI o. eW soLhi anu YET one represents
STATE Sohl@ns, aoSoIuns 10 Ihe exlsuns apporuonen
OF Representatives in the House " Representative OF
but thirtyourh part OF the population OF the other
bythe CONSTITUTIONAL lposuon OF the senate, major
ny OF that ooy noul Ne sei SIaes' rcpIese NJ less
than fourth OF the people Of the Union and the are
trty States anu under me existing superintendent Of
represehiaos mere Ste So IN tne House OF kepreSen-
!Syes; 70 o. 5ne states are represented IN the