The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-09-13

poses 10 allow the people 10 participate IN the admnisa
lion of public affairs through the choice of their own
magistrates and the enactment of their own law have
until very recently considered doubal is the
of the reform he coniempates very distinctly understood
now 1t will be recollectsd that few months ago, he
called together council OF delegates from the dferen,
Provinces read his opening address to them with great
care supposng would contain outline of the polit
cal changes he contemplated He stated that he hal
called them together for consultation, which seemed 10
exclude the idea of eglsaton that extravagan expecta
tons had been entertained his purposes and that he
intended 10 transmit to his unmpaIJed the
hority he had derived from those who had preceded
him. Not long before this annunciauon received,
II was invited 10 attend public meeting In the city
|of New York. called to express the general sympa-
thy which felt in his measures of reform Mo-
being able to attend addressed letter 10 the
mIttee of arrangements; and there several other
letters written by gentlemen OF distinguished character
and some Of them occupying high official stations MOI
feeling at that time quite OF the sequel, did in
duge in the enthusiastic expressions which of tn,
letters contained endeavored to render the Pope full
justice. l desire to do 40 cow. And must say that
the recent intelligence from abroad justfies all the ex
pecations which have been entertained in respect
to his contemplated measures OF reform. He has al
ready done much for good government in Italy He
arrayed himself boldly at the outset against the inu
ence of Austrian influence which, since the gen
eral pacihcation OF Europe in 1915, has been per
os' upon the g1w and OF popular
Government upon the independence of the Roman peo
ole. He has refused TO the Austrian troops passage
through his domnions for the purpose of aiding the King
Of the Two Sciles in putting down the struggles Of th
Neapolan and Sician people against the narrow mind
ed tyranny by which they have been oppressed He has
done more. He has formed national guard in the Pa
pal States he has put into the hands of the Ro
man people, and he is preparing them by military
cises for the assertion and maintenance of their
rights He has, IN word given an impulse TO popular
freedom throughout Italy; and It is owing in great de
gree him that constitutional forms OF government have
been given to the people OF Sardinia Tuscany, and the
The late arrival affords still more gratifying evil
lence Of his movements. Two papers have been put
into my hands, from which will read brief extracts
il q dpsE fnfs Hoie
dated in Pairs, which will translate literally:
The reaction of the revolution in Naples has been felt
dnia and the Grand Duke Of Tuscany have also given to
their subjects constitution modelled after the French
and in conversation with those around him, something
analogous to il, In the time he has changed his
cabinet and has formed ministry composed almost en-
tirely OF aynen This is great reform" "a h. n
The other extract is from the letter of the European
correspondent of the National lntelligencer, published in
this mornings paper. i will read It, la sH s-,E
'The good and conscientious Pope has had msgivinps
his grant reformed constitution his peo
pe fearing that his doing would interfere with oath
which he took his accession office, hand down
temporaits' Of his kingdom unpiured his
ed such matters; the result IS decision that his
yielding 81, to the wishes Cf The people and the spirit q th
is supposed therefore, that the people Of Rome will
those of Naples Sardinia, and Florence His Holiness has
advanced great sep, by his employment of welqualifed
bsen filed by eceesascs Three vacancies lately ocear
red, and three liberal nnded laymen succeeded three
His liberal conduct first put the ball Of reform in
is destined to stop until il has regenerated Europe"
Thus it appears that the Roman people to receive
from the Pope constitutional government And, what
consider OF great Importance of REFORM he
has already begun TO introduce laymen into his political
councils AT the general pacifcatOn in Is rs, it was I'M
derstood that the chief ministers of the Pope to be
chosen from the laty This understanding was violated
and it has been one of the leading causes Of public dis
content the Papal States 1t has been for very long
period Of the reforms most earnestly sought for and
may be hailed as the precursor OF an ultimate separa
ton of the ecclesashc and secular branches of the Papa
government by comforting political Offices laymen
and combining churchmen to the exercise of their eccesas
teal iunctions-an arrangement favorable alike 10 the
Church and the State by promoting the purity OF the
While the Pope has much to reform, he has much to
contend agans-not only from the opposition of those
condition of the finances OF the Papal States Some ten
years ago. the revenues about nine millions OF dol
lars: two millions and half derived from internal
taxes chiefly on landed property about four millions and
half from the customs, excise, &c. about nine hundred
thousand dollars from lotteries and the residue from mis-
celaneous sources, Some OF these revenues cod
lected ut enormous expense. The from lot
teres for instances which yielded nine hundred thousand
dollars in the gross cost about six hundred thousand in
treasury Offset to the general decentralization of
which they the In the year. the expen-
dtures exceeded the revenues about half million of dol
lars: Four years ago. understood the deficiency
ceeded million, and the preceding year million and
half. From the difficulty Of obtaining statistical nforma-
ton. could not ascertain the amount of the public debt
|
millions and half of dollars, exceeding one-quarter of
the entire revenue Of the Papa States, it must have
ceedea forty millions OF dollars. 1t cannot now think
be less than fifty millions. 1t may be much more
Sir, this is very heavy pecuniary burden for small
State The whole superficial of the Papal States is
about thirteen thousand square miles-less than
third the of the State of New York, and popua-
ton, according to the raccolta of 1885,
million seven hundred thousand sors--ahout the same
hundred and ten inhabitants to square mile, from the
difference in surface, New York has but sixty. The
population Of the Papa States very unequally distb
uted Only about one-thrd of the surface cultivated
and considerable portion is very thinly inhabited
doubt whether the population has much increased during
the last fifteen years. In 1888, the city OF Rome had
about one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants; in
1888, it had less than hundred and forynin thou
sand-a slight decrease 3"f
The Papal States have some commerce but little is
carried on in her vessels There are but two har-
bos for vessels of any considerable bnfdenCivita Vcc
CHA, the Mediterranean, and AncOna the Adratc
The excellence OF both ports is DUE good degree to
the Emperor Traan There were other valuable ports
once but they have become useless for large vessels
rarracina the ancient capital of the Vosc former
naval station Of great Importance but i is now OBJ
sructed by deposites of sand The Porto dAnzo--the
ancient Antum-about midway between Ierraclna and
the mouth OF the Tiber is also obstructed, and nearly
useless, from the same cause.
There is but one navgabe river in the Papal States
the Tber AS there have been some illusions to Il ~
the course OF the debate, hope shall be excused
make scme references also to ITS condition a. 10 com
merce and navgability 1t emptes into the Mediterra-
mean seventeen miles from Rome As approaches the
sea Il divides into two channels. On the left arm stood
the ancient Osta 1t has long since fallen into ruins
and modern Osta stands il; but, from the nm
IS No MA otrn - A.