The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-06-29

postpone tho passage of the Oregon bill and to delav
the other business OF Congress for the uterance Of
Dlxs speech is wholly made up? GALVIENSIS.
WAsHINcroS, June q, 1913.
The Speech of Mr.. Caihoun-The Slavery Question
Bold piews Of the Great Carolinian.
Truth Ia an abstraction 1t is the test of harmony
between cause and effect 1t is the Of the uni
Fersa order Of science, and of good government it is
the beauty of poetry and the argume mt
Of eloquence. 1t needs advancement-it is most
forcible in its naked simplicity. Truth is n abstrac
ton; but every abstraction is not truth Truth is
always Observation-Disclosures often found imprac
hcabe when tested by experime MT, analogous expe
rience; and hence are not always true.
Mr.. Calhoun deals in distractions, practical and
theoretical, mingng them together upon thread of
argume with such skill render the selection
the practical from the fictitious eInnently difficult
delicate.
Taken as whole, the speech of Mr. Calhoun. to-
day, would leave us to these conclusions
That slaves property; that the States equal
in their rights under the federal compact-that the
territories Of the Union the joint property of the
States in which all the States equal part
that the people of all the an equal right to
remove to aud settle in the territories of the Union
taking their property with them whether be goods
chattels, CATTLE slaves and that Congress the
agent of these equal co-partners, hns right dis
the other.
Therefore, Congress has no power to pass law ex-
Guiding slavery from any territory Of the United
This argument could apply to the terri
tories embraced within the federal ordinance Of 1857
but Mr. Calhoun contends that neither that ordinance
the Missouri compromise delegated any consttu-
tonal authority to extend the ansavery restriction
not carry the power into the Constitution they were
-compacts between the North and the South and con-
cessions by the South ending beyond the compro
misses of the Constitution. The equality of copart
nership would be destroyed, it left to the dec-
the south in oy nns North over
The doctrine of Mr., Calhoun, however, of equal
coparnershp, establishes the constuonality of the
distribution of the proceeds Of the public lands among
all the States.
.. That the power of Congress over the question of
slavery being withheld by the constitution all prece-
dents all acts Of Congress- all judicial decisions going
TO establish the authority of Congress the ques-
ton of slavery in the authority make all needfol
rules ana regulations concerning the territories fall
the ground.
With strong argument upon all these points clear
inea distractions out Of the way satisfactorily to
own mind Mr.. Calhoun proceeded to show that while
Mr. jefferson is charged as being the author of the
WImot provlso, he was moved with appalling pro-
phetc fear OF dissolution Of the Union upon this very
question.
cies, Mr. Calhoun next argued the comparative phi
lanthropy Of Southern slavery; that while improved
with their condition in Africa, their un-
der any other system which has been tried it elevated
the condition of the white it elevated white
mans agricultural and mechanics labor the South
True, there mental Offices, such backing boots
and brushing coats to which he hoped the white man
Of the South would be degraded
This was bold declaration; for IL VIC admit a dis
tncton OF degradation in honest labor without slave
~, the doctrine Of republican equality among the
whites falsehood and there large of white
operatives in the North, who voluntarily discharging
TIE aforesaid mental offices of slaves stand ording
80 Mr. Calhoun in degraded position below
position of the slave, because the slave not de-
graded in discharging the offices attached his race
and its servude Admit that there Offices of labor
which are degrading and you have the basis justify
The establishment of an English aristocracy-to 20
back to the serfdom of Russia and further to the
trems yassaage OF the feuda ages. Follow back this
opening. and you carried to the days OF Rome
WA N he han ~ ia
master. when all manual labor degrading and the
white operative was but beast of burden, liable be
starved to day and slain to- Such in point Of
fact is the condition of things in Russia very
day and If We concede the doctrine Mr. Calhoun,
AUST oonccde that the true standard white labor
The apdard Of the Emperor Nicholas
Mr. Calhoun said to-day, that he would admit to his
table the white laborer in his rice fields after
washed his hands and combcd his hair preliminary
reqnstions TO which 10 man will obect; but clear
iy animated that he white who would conde-
scen1 10 black his SHOES would be excluded.
count Of the degradation of that mental office.
The honesty Of Nh Calhoun in this declaration is
worthy OF the frankness of the The thing almost
universally exists; aud practically these NAL Offices
even at the North do degrade the operative But sir
the age is going forward aud not backward. We are
removing and not fastening tighter the degradatons
Of labor We are eevatng it-ani in doing this So
ciety elevated the prosperity of the country SUBJ
served and the great principles social harmon and
Individual happiness promoted
The last-the weakest-the most unite nabe-the most
suicidal defence Of slavery is that is necessary to Sc
care the Independence VI the white labor
IL degrading That MIR Calhoun should descend 70
this untenabe plea is with his sagacty most astonish
ing. We repudiate it. The Southern institution
needs no such defence II constitutional insttu-
ton All the States pledged TO the Constitution
The institution is secured to the South by the Const
tuition To the South 1t appears humane, natural,
necessary, and an indispensable institution. We
believe the best aud safest between the
white and black racesthe best and safest for both
the only safe plan where they exist vet
the only reliable plea Is the Constitution When that
fails AZ Mr. Calhoun subseque nty admitted Is time TO
come TO an UNDERSTANDING when that fails IL is best to
close the argume and draw the deed OF separation
The constitution Is the only safeguard the South
while IL holds 10 the Union When that fails to continue
in the Union would be to open all the borders of the
South to fire and sword
.Tbe immediate question now IT, can the So,yth he
Ind Can its rights be preserved Can the consti.
eludlne be held inyolate and yet an act be passed
shall see slavery from the Oregon territory We
br..k.r. We apprehe nd upon the verge of the
blue decp &c white wa yes are around us yet there
Cod M ,nnel thr oogh which the ship may pass
WV "S"' 1,ilo sophical argument at the close