The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-09-14

treaty as il stood before the treaty or if YOU admit the
validity OF her claims, al least onehalf Of the territory
belongs TO Texas and you can have no new State ere
ated there without her consent | repeat, sir am not
disturbed BY those fears which TO agaie the
tor from Massachusetts, although do not mean to deny
all force to tins objection.
But, then, he speaks of California and that there
will be at least two senators from that quarter
Pray, when those two senators from Callior
ma! lie speaks OF California State, ana oil New
Mexico as State. But they do not come here as Sa'es
at all They come here as Terro,iesIoose unorgah
zed Territories The senator speaks OF California as
State What A State to be admitted INFO this Union,
bTacing degrees OF latitude the Pacihc ocean
and extending from five hundred 10 one thousand miles
in the interior, We can never have such Stale admit
led into this Union Before that country can be represent
ed here there must be population OF sufficient extent TO
authorize the creation of State, and that too within terri
toal limits bearing proportion to the extent OF The
largest States OF this conedeacy We must recoect what
kind of country California is it can be amed only by
artificial irrigation II is grazing country, where the
wealth of the inhabitants consists in horses and cattle
and which must OF necessity always be sarsely peoped
How long, then will be before there will be population
concentrated in sufficiently small space in California to
Justify the admission OF State out OF that Territory
Neither $50 nor 1860 will witness such result. But,
says the senator these States will in suitable
time ;; and that is the only limitation which the treaty
imposes. These terms, grant, mean pretty much what
the party power pleases to say they do mean But in
the of Louisiana, which, under treaty spuations,
TO be admitted as soon possible according TO the
principles of our federal constitution the inhabitants (cer
ainy OF much better class than can be supposed 10
exist IN Mexico and California, and of greater nunbers
demanded admittance at They claimed the right TO
admission as treaty right; these words, suitable
me" in this treaty were intended merely to invest in
Congress oear discretion the subject But, look
ing the possible changes which may this body
between this period and 1850, is scarcely within range OF
probability that friends the way will, at that
early day, need two additional senator's from New Mex
co know that these remarks do not sound agreeably
in the of political fnends but they are, nevertheless
rue and it is folly to shut eyes ears to the truth
pass to another aspect OF this question. There was
consideration which very much commended the line
of this treaty TO my favorable regard Il avoids pact-
aly that pd of
and think that the sober thoughtful men of the North
will reflection view the question in that light This
line of thirtytwo degrees north latitude gives
try which, apprehend can never permanently become
slave country II grows no cotton sugar, rice, to-
bacco 1t is not at all adapted to slave labor On the
contrary some OF our southern friends actually object to
the line the ground that at some future day it may be
the means of surrounding the South with tier of free
States In connexion. them with this exciting and unhappy
question, this view OF the treaty is vastly important
Saveryspeakng with the utmost respect for the feelings
and judgment Of ohersIno hold as have held 10
force OF positive law There is no slavery now in the
territory which is acquired by The treaty If citizen of
the South go there with his slave and that slave escapes
or one oil his neghbors employ him. the master cannot
couh of justice either the slave the value
OF his labor II he that the slave is his property he
must show that he is SO, That can be shown only by
municipal law and need not say that when called to
show that the master cannot produce the statute book OF
South Carolina 1t was for this reason constitution
provided for the surrender OF fugitive slaves Our NUM-
cpa laws, too, provide generally in the free States for
visites holding their slaves who may be brought with
them family servants, while in the State iransently
No carries with him the law OF the State from which
he emigraes In all slave States there code, penal
and criminal, applicable to the slave Ii slave strike
his ma sn..j ANOTHER H harGor sayeih there is pen
ness, stand, and is under many other restrictions
Well, when the master carries his slave to California
none Of these municipal regulations accompany him.
man stands there man. whether he be black or
white. The argument then comes simply to this the
country acquired by the treaty is now free and notwh
standing the argument OF my friend from Alabama (Mr
BAGBy,) hold that there is principle better settled
than that the laws OF the country which take remain
as they are until they are changed by some positive
actment Now the only remaining question is, that
country ever become permanently slave country?
hold that it cannot the productions Of the country forbid
avoids this great evil am opposed to all extension Of
slavery am opposed to all extension OF this principle of
representation. But while enterainngshese sentiments
will never turn fanatic, and set the world fire
count OF an abstraction, mere theory, unattended BY
practical results. Representing constituency with moth
ing all akin TO political abolition about them rejoice
in the termination OF this in which avoids
to great extent this dsractng and dangerous question
have expressed my views at some length former
occasion upon the constitutional question of the right of
Congress to limit slavery in the territories. While dis
claiming ali identification with northern aboliiioniss of
any kind creed will sustain the right-the law Lib
era men of the North suffer constantly from being placed
in false position, and ranked side by side with those
with whom they have not single feeling in common
II the South would but understand the rghtmnded men
tial difference OF opinion between them. Right minded
men, mutually understood, generally stand together But
IN reference TO The power to impose this Imitation there
difference of opinion. find that in the last October
number of the Southern Revew,"-a Review which
take this occasion to say alike distinguished by its lit
erary excellence and general abiltymy views on this
subject are characterized ULTRA latudnarian" In that
article find the first abored attempt to sustain the po-
soa that Congress has not power to legslae upon this
subject although the position had been often assumed be-
fore, here and elsewhere The Review collects all the
facts and all the arguments bearing this subject and
furnishes what doubt not will be staple for many
southern speech, both in Congress and out of it. But it
wholly tails to shake my confidence the soundness of
my views If Congress have not the power to legislate
upon this subject the power to do exists nowhere
and we have then the spectacle presented of a political
community large in numbers, in territorial extent
incapable OF egsating upon subject which is not only
essential or will be essential to their prosperity but
may be TO their absolute safety Before such
conclusion the argument to sustain ought certainly
be unanswerable Either the power legisate on this
subject exists in Congress- the whole history of the
been an assumption. From the beginning Congress has
acted on the principle of possessing this power After
certain number of inhabitants have been collected in
terrtory5 O0o-hen there has been invested in gov
ernor, legislative council, and house of representatives
the authority to make a laws for the good of the dis
trict This power is thus clearly delegated by Congress
to the Territorial legislature, acting with the assent of
the governor, the federal appsntee without whose sig
nature no law be valid 1t has indeed been suggest
ed, and think that the honorable senator from Mich
gan squints that way
Mr.. CAss, Tin his seat) Not squints at it.
Mr.. DAYTON The honorable senator then hints at II
that this power exists in the people in their primitive un
organized condition But there organization of the
people OF the Territory except through their legislature
acting under the authority of Congress- and the Governor
who is the appointee of the federal executive They can