davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
Fifth Ward Meeting

At unusually meeting of the citizens of the
9Th ward held in the hall Of the engine house. the
evening OF the 10Th instant in pursuance of public notice.
for the purpose of selecting suitable candidates for mayor
and member of the city council, the approaching cleo
ton, Mr. James Adams was chosen chairman and n G.
Towle, secretary.
On motion, voted to proceed to the selection of cand
date for mayor.
Mr. Watterston named Peter Force.
Mr. Johnson named w. w Seaton
On the vote being taken very large and decided ma
ioy found to be in favor of Peter Force, who
accordingly declared be the choice of the meeting and
recommended the of the ward for the office Of
mayor
On notion voted that committee of five be appointed
by the chair report to the meeting suitable to be
supported for members of the city council Messrs j. p
Inge, W. Thompson G. X. Gardner, j L. Writ and 8. b.
Beach, were appointed.
The committee reported the following ticket which, be
ing voted separately, was accepted and the persons
named declared be duly mated the choice of this
meetng-viz:
For ALderman.-B. B. French.
For Councimen-John M. Broadhead, George NJ Dove,
and William w. Birth.
On motion, voted that the proceedings this meeting be
published in the city papers
Adjourned.
JAMES ADAMS, Chairman
N. G. TowLE. Secretary.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

Tue wing press and the wing party in Virginia sustain
were loss IN the death of Richard H. Toer, esq, who
's'ned his last a, Richmond on Monday last, in the
year OF his age, Differing we have done with
gentleman Tor twenty seven years, we have always
f"e justice TO the abilities which he threw into the two
"spapers which he has conducted---the "virginian "
N!nchourg, which he superintendent for more than
'n'y-'wo years, and the Richmond Whig" which he
eui'ed at Richmond for two or three years past He
disciplined, clear, and forcibe writer, intimately
an'ed with the details of politics. possessed of great
ana sagaclty, and welding very extensive influence
NE party 10 which he was attached
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
Nav IS-3tif

NOR RENT.-That desirable residence, together with
l. the furniture therein, street north, Immediately
of Com, Morrss formerly the residence of Mrs Com
Stewart, and recently of the Chevelier Huseman
charge d'aaires from Austria and of Mr. Harmony from
New York.
pair The property very egiby situated and fur
the best and of the elegant kind If desired
the furniture will be sold, and the property then be
subsequently rented for a of years
Application to be made to Richard Smith, who has been
duly authorized to make the necessary arrangements.
Nav IS-eod2W
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
Thursday, the 9th /:

ne new State of Wisconsin, (that is TO be,) the cleo
VIII De held, we presume, early in November.
III nose States which are marked with an astcrisk (')
ncers of Congress are to be chosen as well as State
Ulcers.
:" presidential election rs to take place throughout
U'"on on Tuesday, the 9TH OF November The cleo
'ollege will contain 29l members. Counting for
Seonsln) OF which LAG will be majority
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

IL SHOWER AND SPONGE BATHS.-The subscriber
has large supply of the above seasonabe
articles which he offers for sale at the lowest prices.
His we'll known refrtgeafors made on the APP
proved prime PIES and will less ice than any other
IN the market, and the cheapest in the country.
Always hand large stock of block, apanned, and
common ware, made of the best materials and low
prices. Tin roofing and spouting done in the sub
stanal manner, and the lowest rates.
JOS ii. HEWITT, Penn. avenue,
Opposite Wizards City Hotel.
May I7-3teod Nat. Intel
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
Bu II. GREEN, .7actfOneer.

HOUSEHOLD AND KITCHEN FURNITURE AT
IL AUCTION-On Friday, the 10Th instant, shall sell
the residence of lady declining housekeeping A
street, Pennsylvania avenue, south side, 10 O'Clock
a. m , a good lot of furniture, viz:
Bureaus, tables, chairs, lounges, and bedsteads
Feather beds, mattresses, carpets, and rugs
Solar and other Lamps andirons shovels, longs &c.
China, glass, and crockery ware, knives and forks
Cooking and other stoves
With good lot of kitchen requisites
Also lot OF school desks. Terms cash.
May 1S-2t A. GREEN, Auctioneer.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
Try X. ", DYER, .g"cifoneer.

CQUARE of Ground at Auction.-On Thursday the
- 18th instant at halfpast o'clock, p M shall sell on
the premises the whole of square No $685. containing about
81 900 square ieet will be sold altogether in lots
may be deemed advisable. This square is between Della
avenue and I'd street west, and south of g and
Terms One-thrd cash, balance in equal payments, at
six and twelve months, for satisfactorily secured
bearing interest. X. W. DYER,
MAY Its Aucfoneer.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

I EMON CHARACTERISTIC have a supply of the above
IL very superior crackers for sale this morning which
invite the attention of our friends.
Fresh soda, butter water and sugar crackers constantly
on hand.
great variety of and fancy cakes Loaf Bread and
tea biscuit OF superior quality
THOS. HAVENNER IL SON
street, between Al and 9th streets
r.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

OFFICE BALTIMORE AND SUsQUEHANNA RAILROAD COMPANY,
Baltimore May IL, 1913.
SIR have the pleasure Of acknowledging the receipt Of
your letter of the 9Th instant enclosing resolution OF your
society," asking the free transmit road OF the
of the National Washington Monument, from the
quarry of Thomas Symnglon, which he has generously
donated.
The necessary instructions have been given for its free
transmit and assure has given the board OF directors
and myself much pleasure in paying this small tribute
the memory of the father of country and the pioneer
in its internal improvements.
have the honor be- with great respect your obedent
servant r.. M. MAGRAW.
WILLIAM BRENT esq,
Isl Vice President
National Washington Monument Society.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

WASHINGTON NATIONAL OffitE,
May 10, lS4s
AT meeting of the board OF managers, the following
proceedings were had, and entered on the Journal
Mr. Brent first vice president, presented letter from
R. M. Magaw, esq president of the Baltimore and Sus
quehanna Railroad Company dated May ~ stating that
the necessary instructions had been gwen for the free
transit OF the corner of the Washington National
Monument from the quarry of Thomas Symngton, 10
Baltimore and, also, that il has given the board OF di
rectos and himself much pleasure in paying this small
tribute TO the memory of the Father of Country and
the pioneer in its internal Improvements.
Whereupon, it ordered that the thanks OF the board
be rendered by the first vice president Mr. Magraw
president OF the Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad
Company, and the board of directors for this OF
liberslity.
1t is further ordered that said letter be published the
lntelligencer and Union.
Copied from the journal
ELISHA WHITTLESEY,
General Agent
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
State Elections.

ne following table gives the dates of the State cleo
y winch are 10 take place during the current year 1t
be recolected that elections have already been held
our oil the twenty-nine States-n New Hampshire on
ssaay the l4th OF March; in Connecticut on Monday,
81 OF April in Rhode Island on Wednesday, the 5h;
4 IN Virginia on Thursdav the 9th
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

o. MAsONIC.-W ashingon Royal Arch Chapter, No.
TO- meets this (Thusday) evening, at half past o'clock
their Hail. of 10th and full convoca-
ton is enloned, business OF importance will be brought
before the Chapter. Companions in regular standing
particularly requested TO attend.
BY order: J. b. THOMAS, Secretary. T.
lS
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

Mrs. BfiNNAN Will remain few days In WASH
WI ingon receive orders for Shirts which will be
ecued Immediately at her shirt establishment l29 Nassau
street, New York.
Just received from New York one case specimens of
choice pattern Gentlemen wishing such garments
respectfully invited to call.
Can be from to IL O'Clock, m, every day. IS
U. s. Hotel
May lift
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

Il hNNsYLvANrA RAiIRoap.-The contractors saws the
[rsyNanan, are pushing forward the Pennsylvania rad
wan much energy. BY the LIST of March the road
oe completed, and ready for travel from Harrisburg to
4 ws"wn Aletting OF 80 miles, between Lewisown and
"uay sonrg, isto take place at Harrsburge, to-day
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

10 afford an opportunity OF publishing the proceed
+ -. nemocratic National Convention in full, the
oumber of the Campaign" will not be issued unl'l
i..aov the 3lst instant, to be continued weekly
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

ICE CREAM.-M. ~ G. PAINTER would respectfully
call the of residents in Washington to the
perior quality Of their ice cream.
Having dairy of fifty cows, provided for in the best
manner, they will insure, at AL ;imcs an article OF the
purest kind, and endeavor please the of the
iastidious richness and fla
Orders to their depot, pennsylvania avenue, be-
18th and 18th streets, will meet with attention.
and the will be delivered address any specified
time.
moulds SO
Mar 22-eod3mo-
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
, ,,o,ntment by the President,

D., and ,o,th the adviee and consent Of the Senate.
i py w AuGusrIN, deputy collector OF the Gus
ffh b mort OF Sabine, in the State OF Texas, IN the
. ~ wv \. Dashiell, resigned.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
DIR. ChrIstie's GalvanlsIn.

THIS wonderful, but mysterious agent, is asonsh
ing philosophers by its influence in the operations
and its extended with physical sciences
and that cause which not century excited in Galvan
the Italian professor, almost nfanle amusement when
surprised he lowered the pate in which, by
its action, some frogs legs twitchng and convued
ence, and the great power whereby enabled
tnue terrestrial existence whose local and partial alb
ducton produces the withered and useless limb and total
absence exhibits the inanimate dust whose proper
denotes strength and health, and whose deficient
ton is the criterion of weakness and disease.
Gavanism is supposed to be identical with electricity
and magnetism and these wondrous agents have long been
known possess great efficacy the of Some very
have been greatly lessened by want t>t for their
proper application. This has been entirely and
fully remedied by DIR. CHRISTIE'S GALVANIC RINGS,
BELTS, BRACELETS, and other articles, which are
certainty of beneficial effect In all complaints,
those which are caused by any arrangement OF the
system, such Paralysis Tic Doioreur, Bronchitis,
Dyspepsia, &c. the effect of Dr. CHRISTIE's gavanic
articles is truly wonderful; the perfect being of
made when all hope had gone and physc and the ply
stefan had equally failed Pamphlets with full descrip
tons, and the respectable testimonials, may be had
gratis of the authorized agent they will be sent bysma
CAUTION
The great celebrity and of DIR. CHRISTIES gall
vanc articles has caused them to be counereed by
ton, there is but ONE Authorized AGENT appointed
in each city town. from whom alone the genuine articles
can be obtained. All sold elsewhere spurious and
worthless. No pedars travelling agents Will, on any ac-
count, be employed
All applications requesting further information, regard
ing business with DIR. Christie. should be addressed to
d. c. MOORHEAD, Agent-G General for The U. s.,
No. lS2 Broadway, New York.
Only agent in Washington, d. c.,
M H: STEVENS. No l, Browns Hotel.
May I2-TbSMMif
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
EDITORS CORRESPONDENCE,
From our Baltimore Correspondent

BALTIMORE. May It's u. m
Dsaryays Jthig Democratic Dele
gats.-Pyospeets Of Peaes.-1ne Ssgvins7xs Markets,
SC.
The Delaware Wing State Convention yesterday at
Dover and having duly organizedn the presence Of very
large attendance proceeded the election Of delegates
the Wing National Convention when Messrs John Wales
n, H. Smithers, and X. McFee elected. They
instructed every honorable TO the
nomination OF the Hon John NJ Clayton for the presidency
The Hon. Albert Constable, of Cecil county, has been
elected delegate the National Democratic Convention
from the fifth district of Maryland, and John
II Price. of Hartford, alternate.
The Baltimore Argus announces this afternoon that let
have been received from Mr. SEWER, expressing
his firm opinion that the treaty will be ratified by the
Mexican Congress.
The Seguins series of their exquisite oper
attic entertainments at the Holiday Theatre this
evening, with Mr. Reeves, the greatest singer living
The MARKErs-In the Baltimore market, this morning,
-four exhibited change in price, Small sales of Howard
street brands, ON Change were made at rs Sa which
price holders firm in asking City Mills is held So 25
Corn meal 81 37A 81 So Rye -four So S7i No change
in grain. Sales of good prime red wheat at 1873 LAB
White AZ 4s CENTS and sales of yellow ~
cents. Oats "a 80 cents. Rye 80 cents
Provisions and groceries unchanged Sales moderate.
Whskey duh 22A 2 per gallon in hhds. and
barrels
AtNew York; this morning. the receipts Hour continued
increase, and the tendency of prices downward
Sales of Geneseo at So SO rs brand. Southern
held at Sc 3D. and Oswego at Vi, with sales Corn meal
81 so. Rye flour unchanged
Wheat is rather dulsmall sales of Genesce lao AX
Corn is firm with sales OF yellow Dc 81 CENTS
and mixed at 80 So Oats A Al cents Rye IS
cents.
The provision market is firm with sales of pork at
$40 49, and prime SO 10 SO So Beefquet Bacon steady
Lard 81 81 Sugars heavy and molasses dull Rice
SO 10 SO So per 100 lbs, to quality.
The cotton market is quiet. Sales of about 400 bales
prices corresponding with those named prior the
Whiskey dull at 2Oa 2lA cents per gallon
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
II. II. SELMAN,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
PRINCETON. H0lk00 c0unfu. Q,L<rn ans

Has permanently located and will punc,ualy any
counties. May I6-3m.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

TIME Copartnership heretofore existing under the firm
of Haw, Yeio, Co., is this day dissolved by mutual
consent-George W. Yellotr retiring from the firm
GEORGE w. YELLOTT.
Nav l3-eo2w
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

MFRS. BETTs's sUPPORTERs.-These invaluable
lNl supporters for sale by McCLERY * CLEMENTS
druggists 14h street and Pennsylvania avenue,
whom the genuine only can be obtained, The value Of
this well known to the medical faculty and
ladies require heightened statement they have been
in many years. afiordng the greatest relief and
Tort Testimonials and books gratis, be obtained
above from of the eminent physicians of the
United States Price Of the fine supporters, IS com
mon, IS.
CAUTIoN-Be to that each instrument contains
directions, with her own signature gem
uine. Mrs. SARAH BELTS,
May I4-Iaw9W ii Walnut street, Philadeph
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

CENTLEMEN's BeIonstngs.-STEVENS has Just re-
" ceived largest and best Of genenens
wardrobe and toilet articles offered by him In this city,
Wis
Linen and cotton yoke-neck shirts
Silk merino cotton, and Isle shirts and drawers
Gauze merino and gauze cotton do do
Batiste and cambria wash cravats, new styles
Kid, silk, Isle thread, and cotton gloves
Colts revolving pistols
Silk and cotton umbrellas
Also, French sefIaising umbrellas
Canes pernmery, &c.
In fact, every article belonging gentleman: outfit
ting establishment Articles will be sold az fair Rrces lor
cash. STEVEN
MAY 7-6jteod Sales room Browns Hotcl-
COR RENT.-Those desirable dwellings in the First
Ward on 2lst street, near H. recently occupied BY
Mr. Mechln and the late Capt Hetzel For ceremL Punc-
ual and permanent tenants The rent WIN De VIC ~ an
The house. dry and pleasant and will be cleaned up
and put in Apply at Mr.. Dllows, at the corner
| near by, where the keys are.
May l0-3t@
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18

MEXICO hprh ~, u p M
have Just received letter from your Queretaro cores
ponden the latest date, and hasten TO give
rough translation:
QUERETARo, April Is, 1878
The paratory of Congress have retaken their
usual coarse and few of the deputies wanting for
quorum Qucrearo, politically speaking presents most
animated aspect, and nothing IS talked OF but peace IN
every quarter there discussions this grand
question. The vehement perty Tor IS, without
doubt army but it has fallen low in public estlma
ton aud rcay weak, that Is doubtful II they
yet up as it was publicly rumored
here within the last few days they would.
Attention. Tomorrow there Is to be meeting OF the
officers of the artillery The object oil the meeting IS not
positively known Some say that it is to deliberate upon
The possibility of sending achievements to Gen Landcro;
others say the meeting called pronounce against the
and their per diem for the last two months and
who have done nothing for the army.
IL rumored to-day that the American commissioners
would be here this afternoon.
The charge daiiares OF France Monsieur lie Marquis de
Gen Landero is you aware, the general who sign
ed the capiuation OF Vera Cruz and the Castle OF San
Juan d'Uloa
From the copious files OF papers which we have re
ceved by the New Orleans proceed to make extracts
From the American Star OF April 40
The editor of FL Eco del Comercio one the deputies
who lett the city yesterday tor Querearo says there
sixyiour members in attendance and that by the last
the week there Will be seventy-six why
same paper Messrs SEWER Clifford will leave
morrow the day, escorted by small cavalry force
instead OF by division 1t pronohnces story they
gong TO threaten the
their only object being to present the
| government
TIKI TREATY-H Progrsso Quere,aro has a long edi.
tonai IN opposition TO the treaty, intended
which Mexico suffers by it. Ii says though the Uui,ed
States offer 900 they about $50 900 from
us urges various reasons why the treaty should
aed and amongst other things says the government
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-05-18
Cry OF Mexico, April 81, 1913

Our commissioners have yet received answer TO
their communicate the government at Queretaro rela-
tive Gen Butler. day or two since,
guessed by the Mexican government to allow some Next
can troops this city, take possession oil quantity
clothing left OF the converts when the Mex.
can army evacuated the city. Gen. Butler, instead OF
granting request seized the clothing would not
be suprs sing if the Mexican government to ask the
arms taken in the different actions be returned woud
be in ping with the modest request in relation to the
clothing ID, S.
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1848-09-04

hos !I ere TT 5er paro,k of them. mean The
ai!uic ad Is OF county, The mothers. SISTERS ami
friends The gallant volunteers and sturdy yehnan-
~, who he'd The destnlss ofunr country in lie hands
AMI cherish her welfare ii their hearts; and after all greai
and nall, rich AM pon white ard colored had Parta-
ken u The ra>f, The number Of hewern three and
flur thousand there i'll ~ 'eti FIR almost a
many mort. hch the general jy y, the coca
81 n, was distr,ueI among The PoT, who with hearts
filled with gratitude uret iylh t-gs IN the heads
Nh Jip generous individuals whs lad the u The DIS
r1yau'iJn.
Such was he reception Of the Volunteers Old
Nnag inery IS always a her psi, in peace war. u
proud day FIR her, and tel! fir years 70
rrne Tia her citizens liberal they brave
OF tie thousands asseubl-I there heard -
cnp plain There ru,leI1S, NJ iuud and bolster
Inrh bul deep. deep feeling Of universal plea
sure. great for expression Il Is worthy OF noce,
that there drunken L pm the ground
the har Of the Hle having be ciosd bv the andIurj
WIN Barnes, Esq, who deserves much praise fur th-
generous sacrifice ois own Interest tile peace VI The
Community.
What, in conclusion. let me ask does this display give
rv-deac- OF Il eaks in thunder loHos. and say. lha
srln'as suns have proved thens Ives worthy Of their
lusir.ouS an'e~tus. That tie srlous spin Of 10 IS sill
alive IN their every hoSOm and that country - PIE
pared 10 resist the world united against her ~ The frs
rlnpr Of nya,iol. her gallant would ru.h!r
from t!ler lIpuutItn homes like avalanche sweep
lie invader from her s,l!-at the fist blast #.
he bugle, thousand swords would leap from ,he!r
staa5lrls, aud ten thousand bayonets would CLEAN in
erri-J array up,n The batte field. Us, we need no
t'r fc4tion, 10 protect us, Tor ga ant country
would form Twin! 5rea. wo,k. impregna oe and ia
mpreahle as our lowering mountains. before the fee.
such eNn llOnS OF p1trltISn tell us that
5r nqurTed, AMI - kerp alive the generous tne.
which has inspired thousands who fought aud died that
might enJ the privileges innuriti-s Of freemen
Iha THIS day be long mrAheEe1 and all il. attendant
Circumstances be deeply impressed upon pres
eut is Iae wish Of SPECTATOR.
CO :ue Patriot. Republican and HchaJr! paper.
VIII please copy.
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1848-09-04

e-pedi,ncy 4 that odius measur- lfyou vote fIr 4
candidate tn the Legislature mr is pledged 10 pprt
Mr. Badgers r--eectA To the senale. y"u vote 10
dJrse Tue coustitutioaIty oi the Wilmot Poviso Re-
menb-r thi- ami profit by ~ Next year may be too
aie .\o,c The time 70 meet and put dc'rH The
,nies Of Southern Interests and Southern rishts"
Little did the unfortunate Editor think that Pres
den, Pok-soing further than Senator Badger would
admit conslluliouaIty. justice and eXPedency q
lie Wnh Pru,i<o, YET is the nfrmIty Of hu-
man nature-suca the desp tism ii I..rty-ihat this
.ame editor pr~rs tn s,ts the conduct Of NJ, !Ok
~ endotsir. ne coasu'i1naty If the SAD groviso.
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1848-09-04
\i,N YORK.

We haze never entertained .ny doubt 'I,t :ta 80.
or MN VIA lft,e r,r;1.s.rrrrr.. ,y,pII - III. NJ
..r,.f,,a y-l5r..all,,a t.r,L. ;r.sil.r H.,
u'>'f"- " =" (" "hd til'' e u '.hia'lo" 81 >dh ~
Zen might probably have, We wrote 10 i'lrnd resul'
in W e~ieru New NoTk-a gentleman ofinteierucr and
san,ipo md asconvrsant with New Iori nli,i.. s.
fi;, ;, t .,, ~ h, r.,,o; N,
~ 7"
"S"F'' ''"' "'0" VIZ ''Ne '"r lo''H " -''e ''''
extracts. \ knowledge Of his character means OF itor
nation and the interest lie takes III MI political muy,
tueps NJ lss ih,n rscle ,, Of The sin,rpl,, a...,
r,. g Lis .,,.,.i,- ,,o -o,l 49,, ,,
vaSS n lo4p !" IS" iuFA. Induces Us y pace almost
impci nl'ancr rn The statements gwen IN his letter
OF me thing our readers asoured-iha he
What , behaves NJ Il ir,. ani b,s Hill, h .a,s II I,r,
.-,b
by the II WOtfo5er rroX.. hope r he
ab send YOU the results uf th- Ians Ut uur several
County Town and District School Committees, whose
duty il to complete, by that lime, huEou-h
Il 'ler several srtiins In he mean time. can only
give il as my opinion rned after careful ooserya-
non Of public sentiment expressed in different forms
through this ard several neghhnring counteS that in
hS State. the wiz Presidential Ticket Will verv
aruriy lead auy other in rre ensuing election ana IL
-latui oi nrse. that the " hig candidates viii take
lhr Stat- hy very dccidcd plurality.
Tile Butia', movements VIII. il VIZ opinion. present