The Arkansas banner., 1848-12-19

 yield my acquesence to the extent to which thsy had gone in compromising this delecate and danger. eus question. But if Congress shall n.sw reverse the decision by which the Missouri Compromise was effected, and shall propose to extend the re- sriction the whole territory, well as north of the parallel of 3s degrees 30 minutes will cease to be compromise, and must be regarded 0n original question.
 1T Congress, instead of observing the conrse oi noa-interferenee. leaving she adoption of their do- mestic institutions 10 the people who may iphabij these territories; it. instead of extending the Ms sour Compromise line te the Pacific. shall prefSr to submit the legal and constitutional questions which may arise, to the decision of the ludieisI tfbnna as was proposed iA bill which passed the Senate al your last session, an adjustment may be effected la this mode If the whole subject beffeferred to the judiciary, all parts of the Union shonld chee!aily acquicsce u the final decision sf the tribunal, ted by the Consultation for the settlement of all questions, which may arise under the Constitution treaties, or laws of the United States
 Congress is earnestly invoked for the sake Of tho Union, it's harmony, and our continued prosperiiy ' as naon to adjust it's present session, this, the only dangerous question which lies in our path, il not in fene one of Inc modes Suggested, .iA some other which may be satisfactory.
 /fn anticipation of the establishment of the regu- lar governments over the acquired territories, joint commission of officers of the Asmy and Navy hss been ordered to proceed to the coast of California and Oregon, for the purpose Of making yeeoaRosoRes and to report 10 the proper sites for the erection of Notifications or other defensive works on land and of suitable situations for Naval stations, and the information which may ba expected from seien- tile and skilfui examination of tho whole face of the coast, would bo eninenily useful to Congress, when they come 10 consider the pFspristy of making appropriations for these great national objects Proper defences on land will be necessary for the security and protection of our posses ions. and the establishment of our Sayy yards, and dock for the repair and construction of vessels, wilt be mpor- tant alike 10 our navy and commercial marine -- Without such establishments, every vessel, whether Of the Navy or of the merchant service, requiring repair, must, al great expense. come round Cape Horn to one of our Atlantic ards for that purpose with ssch establishments, 1t is believed they may he built or repaired cheaply in California upon the Atlantic coast They would give employment ;o many of our cmterprisng ship builders and cEanics, and greatly facilitate and enable our com meTce in the Pacific.
 As it is asceriained that mncs of gold, silver. copper and quicksilver exist in New Mexico and California, and that nearly all the lands where they are found, belong 10 the nited States, t is deemed important the public interests that provisions be made for geoo gical aud mineralogcal examination of those regions Measures should be adopted to preserve the mineral lands especially such as con tain the precious metals, for the of the United Satcs if brought into market, 10 separate them from inc farming lands. and dispose of them in such manner 10 secure iarge return of money to the treasury, and at the time lead to the de- vclopmeut of their wealth by individual propriciors and purchasers. To do this, it will be necessary 10 provide for an immediate survey and location of the iots If Congress shonii deem il proper 10 dispose of the mineral lards. they should be sold in small quantities, and at q fixed minimum price.
 l recommend that Surveyor Generals offices bt authorized 10 bs established in New Mexico aud California, and provision made for surveying ano bringing public ands into market at the earliest fl at of lam recommend that the right of pre- emp'ion be secured and liberal grants made to inc early emigrants. wht have settled or may settle upon them.
 1t will be important to extend our revenue laws these territories, and especially over California at an early period, There is already considerable commerce with Californhi and until ports of entry shall he established and collectors appointed, no re venue can be received
 If these and other necessary and proper measures be adoptcd for the development of the wealth of New Mexico and California, and regular territorial gov eFnments be established over thrn, such VIII proba bly, be the rapid enlargement Of our commerce ant navigation, aud sae.i the addition 10 the nationa wealth. that the present generation may live 10 vii pess the cOntroiing commercial and monetary power : of the world transferred from London, aud othe European emp0Iiums, 10 il,e city of New ork The appreheusions which were entertained b, sOusc of ear statesmcu in the earlier periods of ou government, that our system was incapable of ope rating with sufficient energy and success large X extended territorial iiniis and that, f this wer adopted. it would fall to pieces by it's own weak uess have been dissipa'ed by experiefce, By the di vision of power between the Stafes and federal gov | erulnents, tho latter is found to operate with q much energy in the extremes in tnS ceAtre. Is efficient in the reniotest of the thirty States whie nov compose the Union, as it was in the thrteel States which formed our constitution. Indeed, may be doubted whether, if our present population had been confined within the limits of the ofigna thirteen States, the tendencies to concentration an consolidation would not have been saci as 10 hay eheFoached upon the essential reserved rights oi th { States, and thus make the federal government widely different one practically, fiom what it is il theory, and was intended 10 be by Is franrcrs. & far from enter t8ining apPrehens6ns of the safety our system by the eXteusioa of cur territory. th belief is confidently entertained that each new Stat gives strength and additional guarantee for the pres ervaton of the Union itself.
 In pursuance o( the provisions of the 18th article oi the treaty of peaes friendship limits and settle ment with the republic of Mexico and of the act 0 July 29th, lSiS, claims Of our citizens, which ha, been already liqaidated and decided against tb, Mexican Republic" amounting. with the interes thereon, to 5 S9,a2J S32 5l, have been qui ated paid. There ranlains to be paid of their claims S74l92 76.
 Congress at its last session, having made no pro- vision fr executing the 18th article of tie treaty by which the Uaited States assume to make satis faction for the "uniquilated claims of our citi
 
 ing SS,239,0o0," the subject is again recommends, to your favorable consideration.
 The exchange of ratiGcatons in the treaty witt Mexico, took place the 30th of May. ISfS- Within one year after hat time, the Commissions and Surveyor which each government stipuIates [, appoint are required 10 meet "at the port of Sal Diego, and proceed 10 run and mark the said boun dary in it's whole 10 the mouth of the Rit Bravo del Norte." IL will be seen from this pro vision, thai the period within which a Commission CT and Sury yor of tue respective governments ar i 10 meet at San Diego, will expire on the 3oth O May, IS i9
 Congress, al the close of The last session, mad m appropriation for ''th: expenses of fBnning marking the boundary iine'' between the twt countries, but did not fix the amount of salary which should be paid to the Commissioner and Sur veyor to be appointed the part of the UnteS States. It is desirable that the amount of eompen sation they should receive should be prcsc Tibed bl law and not left al present, to executive discrc !