davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17
FIR tie Enquirer.

FUr tft Enquirer,
LOUISA SCHOOL DISTRICTS.
The county courl OF Louisa, at its late October
term, reduced the number OF School Districts TO
II, and appointed The following commissioners:
For District No | Hiram Saunders,
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17
Pleasant information Tor Southern Viii
PRESENTATION OF A SWORD TO GEN
VIM O. BUTLER

From tis Efankt0,d Commonwealth.
The Legislature OF Kentucky, al rs session OF
1867 passed series OF resolutions compll
m-nary 10 Gen Zachary Tay or, and tue Off
GERS aud soldiers under his command, Tor their
gallant solcierly bearing in the Mexican war.
The resolutions made II the du y OF the Cover
nor oil Kenluehy 10 have made, swords, win sun
able Inscriptions, 10 be presented 10 Generals
TAYLOR and Butler in the name of the people 81
this commonwealth.
Some tune since, Gov. Owsley sent the sword
intended for Gen. Taylor TO Baton Rouge, BY II.
]. Hodley, Esq, by whom II was presented 10 me
old soldier.
L.. Col. T L Crittenden being depuled as the
bearer Of that designated Tor Gen. Butler, visited
Caro!ltun on The 25.h nj, aui delivered ~ Gen
B. the beautiful and appropriate testimonial OF
the esteem aid regard OF his native Safe.
Governor Clilteniens letter and Gen. Butler
reply We give teiow:
Executive OFFICE,
Frankfort, Sept. q, lS4o.
Major Gen. WM. .. BUTLER:
Slr-Tne Legislature Of Kentucky, on The 25d
of February, 1917, passed series Of resolutions
complimentary 10 Gen. TasIor and ne officers
aud soldiers uulef MS command The nth oi
these resolutions is in he following words:
Resolved, That the Governor De, aud ne is
hereby empowered and required to cause 10 BE-
made a swntd, with suitable devices. and present.
ed in the name AID on benali Il The people ol
Ken,uckg, 10 Major Gen. William 0. Butler, IN
testimony OF hi Earring sallanlry, in heading his
brave division 10 the desperate charge against d
battery in the Daltie oil Monterey.
My predecessor lost no time in carrying into
effect SO much OF the resolution as directed him
10 procure sword with suitable divlceS; buI
your absence in Mexico, and the uncertainty as
10 where yen were 10 be addressed since your re-
turn, pIevcacd its transmission 10 you before The
expiration II his term oil office. The agreeable
duty Of carrying INTO compile c effect the inten-
,lon OF The Legislature is thus devolved upon me.
II would have been an additional qualification
Ia me, il "a opportunity OF delivering il TO ycu
in ,erson ma. been afforded me; bit as so much
time has already elapsed since the passage Of
the resolutions, DO not leel al liberty 10 permi;
further DELAY, and therefore send to you on this
day, by L., Col Thomas L, Cri,,enden, The spen-
did token OF The appreciation and gratitude oil ouI
noble aie. know that you have won this
nigh compliment By your salianlry and tirmnesS;
and your pas, lie i an abupian' guaranty tina
should you ever be called again uio The field, you
will be found, az heretofore, the 70 your country
and csiecmiua i; ptlviic." ~ such a cause 70
occupy he Pc. u danger
| have ne MOI TO bc b. with The highest re-
spect, your ontdichi servant,
I CQIuNNENDEN
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

IN OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES Rules held IN ~
Clerks Office of the superior Court OF Ghancey ~
the Richmond Circuit, the 10th day al August, ~
William q Gordon, flanuHi
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17
nln,nnlrfn unnr OF.

I'm reply 70 your en-
quiries, | have 10 in
form you, that | have
laid il down as 2 prir
ciple, net 10 give ny
opinions upon, or pre-.
judge in any way the
various questions Of po-
Ilcy nov al issue"
The Nc Conk.y Letter.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

"Should | ever occu.
py the White House,
il must be BY the spon-
tancous move OF the
people, and BY no aci
oil mine, 50 that | could
go into the office IN.
lrdmmelled, and be the
Cnlei Magistrate 0! the
nation, and not OF a
pallv."
The Delorsy Letter.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

"At The last PREF |
ien;lal CANVASS, VII.
out interfering in ay |
way with the sameit |
was we'll known 10 Ill |
with whom | mind, |
Wings and DemocIIs, |
Tor ] had no concil-
men! in The matter, lat
| was decidedly ina
vor OF MIR. CIay's &C.
lion, and would NV
prefer seeing HMM |
that Office 10 any n
dividual in The Unin, |
certainly much mre
so al any time 10 m
trtJ
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

IL have no concea :
meDi. | hold no opin-
ION which | would NJ
readily proclaim 10 my
assembled country
men, Tie diiison Let.
hr, IN. ].
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

WV. VI. MoopY, CLERK.
" The Editors Of the Wing, Republican,
Compiler and Examiner, will please copy, and
send 10 their account. TO the purser of the Col
lege for payment.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

/ II 10 no! design 10
withdraw my name il
Mr.. CLAW be The nomi
| nee OF he Wing Ma
lional Convention.
Ii has MOI
been my intention al
any moment 10 change
my position or 10 with
draw my name from
| the canvass, whoever
may be The nominee OF
/ the National Conven-
tlon either Of The Wing
/ or Democratic party"
| Republican Ltttsr.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

| "In conclusion |
have 10 repeat, that il
| were nominated Tor
The Presidency by any
body Of my fellow
cilizens, designated by
any name that they
might choose 10 adopt
! should esteem j! an
honor, and would &C
cept such nomination,
provided il had been
made entirely indie
pendent Il party con.
sideratlons."
The Smith Letter.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-10-17

rY1HE second session Of Mr. { F BENNETT, SCHOOL, IN
i this city, viii commence on Monday, ID October
TEBMS:
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09

More Screws Loose. We have failed TO
receive any ST. Louis papers by the arri-
vals Of last Sunday and Wednesday NOR
hings, for what reason, we are unable 10
say, just now, unless it be that they have
gene on pleasure excursion up the Mis-
souri,. If any Of our brethren should sc-
cideraally come on them, we hope they
will "eonfne them SO that we can get
them" or send them TO us by The first
private conveyance.
E5-Since the above was in type our
missing papers have come 10 hand, the
weather of the past few days giving them
no guarantee of pleasant trip, they have
arrived at their proper destination, and
gone into winter quarters.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
T2GrrSed.

In this vicinity, on Thursday evening
last, by Rev. VIM. d. Wear, Mr.. WASH.
INGToN kILLBUCK 20 Miss JULIA Ann,
youngest daughter but one, of the late
Maj. James Ramsey.
~ With the above the Printers receiy
ed hrge slice of just such delicious cak e
as the fair bride knows how tanrake. For
this kind remembrance may their future
lives be nnruflled by care, and may they
long live TO enjoy the pleasures anticipated
from their present happy union.
In this county, on the 10th ult., by Geo
W. Rives, Esq, Mr.. JEFFERSON SALIsBu-
RY to Miss CAROLINE, youngest daughter
Of the late Edward Z. Bell all of this
county.
~ Accompanying the above notice, the
Printers were properly remembered, and
in return, we wish the happy couple a
long life of pleasure arid happnesS-and
may they always have as good fare as that
which they shared with us. AS the wor-
thy bridegroom is subscriber to our pa
per,they have the printers blessing.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09

DlED-In this city on Saturday eve
ming last, after a lingering 'iness, Mrs.
MARTHA NJ, aged = years, consort of Mr.
Charles E.Wals.
The deceased has been a resident of this
place six or seven years, and by the ur-
banity and amiability of her department,
had made for herself many warm and ar
dent friends. She has been cut off in the
prime of life, leaving an aiiectionate hus-
band and two small children, together with
numerous friends to mourn her carly DE-
palture. In her death, the NJ. E. Church,
of which She was long worthy and ac-
ceptable member, has lost one of its most
jealous advocates. She died In peace
in full hope of a blissful immortality. "Be
ye also ready" is the injunction of the
Scriptures, "for in such an hour as ye
think not the Son of Man cometh."
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09

Frose up.-If any of our readers have
the least disposition to complain of - lack
Of editorial in this weeks paper, we hope
they will make due allowances for the
weather Of the past four or five days.
We have had 10 struggle manfully to keep
from going off in the general rain and
sleet, and although the sun has succeeded
in taking another peep at terra frma, we
are not sufficiently thawed to discourse
with any degree of freedom. Only wait
q dil wa m spell comes, g. we'll give it
10 you after the fashion of the coachman's
horn when you least expect it.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
TENIA OSCULIS,

The Tape Uorm.--These are big, flat
worms, and full of joints. They are often
! found se7erSl yards in length, and occupy
ing almost the entire length of the intes-
tines. They belong to the Zoophytic and
Polypus family, and can be broken in ma
ny pieces without destroying their lives
Each joint contains as oSdulus, or mouth,
and may become distinct worm. IF they
remain long in the bowels, they destroy
The mucus membrane, and produce a great
variety of unaccountable disorders.--
Strange and incredible are the effects
which are occasioned by these dangerous
and disgusting vampires. Swoonings,
privation Of speech, emaciation, voracious
appetite, convulsions, distressing cough,
hectic fever, and all the symptoms of con-
sumption are frequently exhibited, where
these worms are the only exciting cause.
Many patients are treated for cthsump-
ton, when a powerful Vermfuge would
soon reveal the real cause of their disease
No medicine that has ever been tried, has
proved SO successful in cxpelling these
worms as DR.. J. NJ. MARTENS worm de-
stroying medicine. They act likewise as
an expectorant and tonic, and will remove
the mucuS irritation, and restore the
strength and health of the patient. They
need no pulling. Try tRein.
For sale by Brown & Dunn, Warsaw.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
STATE OF MISSOURI, }
CouNTy OF Bt Nros. oS'

COUNTY OF 81 NroN, S
IN Tie Circuit Court In Vacation, Deem
Der lst, lS48. 80
JAcoD CARPENTER, as Admir-. Of the es-
tate OF Henry Carpenter, deed, and o.
therS- Plaintiffs, ,.,
Us.
PETER CARPENTER, & others -Defend't,
lie said cOmplainantS having this day
MED the bill in Chancery against the.
said defendants, and also an affidavit,
showing that the said Peter Carpenter is a
nonresident Of the State of Missouri, and
that the residence OF other defendants is
unknown 10 said complainant.
therefore, it is ordered that said Peter
Carpenter, John Robinson and Susan his
wife, Maxtield Hunter, Sarah Atkinson
and Samuel Fewell and Mary Ann, his
wife, be rotihed that said Jacob Carpen-
ter, as administrator Of the estate of said
Henry Carpenter, decd, Gavin Carpen-
ter,' Sa muel Carpenter and others, heirs
and distributes OF the estate of said Hen
Fy Carpenter, decd, have this day filed
their bill OF com riaint in the Office of the
CLERK OF the Circuit court of Benton coup-
ty, alleging in said bill of complaint, that
the SAID Henry Carpenter decd. sometime
In the year 1915, died intestate, leaving
an estate to be divided among the said
complainantS and deiendants1that the
SAID Henry Carpenter, decd, in his life
tlnc, made adyancementS or money and
property 10 several of his sons-and a.
mong them, the said Peter, received by
way ol advancement, the sum OF 1850 on
the 10Th day of March, 1899, which ad-
Vancement, with the interest thereon, az
the time administration was granted ON
said estate, amounted TO Sl2G4 93-which
sum was so inventoried and counted as
part of the estate to be divided equaDiy a.
nong the distributes of said estate and
prayS that decree may be rendered COM
pelling the said Peter to bring into hotch-
pot the amount advanced to him, and that
the estate be equally divided among all
the heirs. And that unless they be and
appear before the Honorable Judge Of our
Benton Circuit Court, OH the first day of
the next term of said Court, to be begun
and held at the court house in the CITY OF
Warsaw, in the County OF Benton, on the
second Monday in March next, and with
in the first six days OF said term! II the
term shall so long continue, andif not,
then before the end of the term, de,nur,
plead or answerthe said bill of complaint,
The same will be taken as confessed, and
decree rendered in conformity with the
prayer Of said complainants. ba
And 1t is further ordered, that copy Of
this order be published in some newspaper
printed in this State for eight weeks slicces- :
sively, the last publication thereof to be at
least four weeks before the commence
ment OF said next term.
THIS I RIcunD nm.
ec9-9t-45 ~.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
53 From the metropolitan.
MEETING AT VERSAILLES, NOR.
GAN COUNTY.

Avery large and respectable meeting
Of the citizens Of Morgan county, assem-
bled at the court house in Versailles, on
Saturday, the 18th day of November, 1913,
Tor the purpose Of taking into considera-
tion the abolition movements of the north.
The meeting was called to order, and by
unanimous ye,e, E7ekid j. Saln.oa,w as
chonsen President, Nm. 7. Cole and Fran
cis L. Ross, Vice Presidents, and Nm. j.
Tut and CalUia II. Fluff, as Secretaries
of the meeting. Afier the object of the
meeting hadbeen briefly explained, on mo-
no'f'of' Thos. Monroe, the President ap-
potntedlh following genllemenas com
miitee 10 draft preamble and resolutions
expressive of the sense of The meeling,--
TO wit: John Porter, John M. Townly,
A. J. French, c. l.. Bridges, L. Chisln,
DR.. j. b. Thruslon, DR.. j. j. Mcclellan,
VIM. Kidwell, Thos. Monroe, Shores p.
Hunter, and Henry c. Dunn ! who, after
retiring short time, returned and report
ed the following, which was adopted With
out dissenting voice:-
WHEREAS, 1t is not only the privilege,
but the duty devolviing upon US as citizens
OF free and Independent republic, exer-
cising The inherent privilege of thinking
and acting, as our conscience shall dictate
10 us we should do-to meet together in
deliheration, and TO exchange sentiments
freely upon any and every subject affect
ing the interest of this Union !. and esps-
cially when we fear that the sacred com
pact, forming this conledeIacy, is being vi
olated. our rights as citizens, our lives and
our iiresides are assailed by the wild and
heartle's fanatics ofthe north. And where
as, in our opinion the crisis has now come
in the history of this government, when
1t becomes us as free and independent
people, for the safety of our republic for
che preservation of our cherisoed insiitu-
tons for the support of our national char
acier, handed down 10 us by the fathers of
t'e revolution, untarnished and unsuliied
by any international enemy for the safe
" OF eur hopes, our wives and our ehil-
dren; TO meet and consult together and 10
adopt such measures as shall be necessary
foproiect ourselves, the lives of our fam
'hess and our institutions against all de-
signing aRd2isappOinled aspirants 10 pow
or, who woulds 10 crafty their relentless
ambition, saerifcethe peace and happiness
Of the people of lhess. United States, and
plungeuS into an internal commolion, to
9 cease only by a dissolaiion Of the union Of
!. the States s--therefose,
esd Resolved, That tho histoTy,of all fallen
republics prove clearan unquesionably
that.lheiv ruin was produced by evil de-
figningmen; interDail enemies, secsional
parties and fan6tigs.
Hiolred, That ihsunion OF these States
ihe perpetuity oflhe bonas Of our national
csnfederaiionj the reciprocal confdence'of
ihe different members Of the greal civil
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
ME5sECO.
Vera CRUZ The
Capitol.

BY the arrival at Cat Island,
on the 10th, of the Royal Mail
steamer Great Western, Capt.
VIM. Clark, from Tampico the
18th, via Vera Cruz the 18th
inst, we have received intelli-
gence thence, respectively, to
the date Of her departure, and
El Monitor Republican,, from
the City of Mexico, to the 18th
of November inclusive.
Affairs are in Statu quo in
Tampico. The English Consul,
Mr.. Glass, died there on the
4th inst
Public tranquility remains
uninterrupted Throughout Mexi-
co, exceptat some points, where
the Indians have occasionally
made impotent attempts at in
surrection. In Durango, Zaea-
tecas, and San Louis, the aboL
rigines give some trouble to the
authorities; but they have
drawn the particular attention
of the Government, which is a.
bout TO act energetically in put
ling them down.
The Monitor Republican,,
of the, 10th says theIndians.are
daily acquiring more audacity,
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09

"Potomac," the Washington correspon-
dent of the Baltimore Patriot, in his letter
TO Of the l4rh inst, says:
General Scott has arrived. He was
sent for by the Administration mutual
explanations were made-and Winfield
Scott assumes his old quarters and posi-
tion, as | learn"
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
BALsAM OF WILD CHERRY.


The attention of the afIlieted is becom-
ing more and more attracted to this in
comparable remedy for asthma, Bronchi-
It's, Coughs, CONSUMPTION, etc, But it i:
unnecessary to remind all who would get
the true article, to inquire particularly fol
DIR. WISTAR'S BALSAM OF WILL
CHERRY, and take nothing else. I'm
principled dealers will tell you that they
have SYRUP OF WILD CHERRY, OF
some other Cough Medicine that is equal
ly as good. Regard them not--they only
toGnt your money! Remember it is WIS
TAR's BALsAM OF WILD CHERRY that not
only relieves but cures!
Price $a per bottle or sin for S5.
- The genuine wistar's Balsam il
sold in Warsaw only by
BR0HF& d UNN.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
EzDR. ROGERS COMPOUND
SYRUP OF LIVERWORT g. TAR, in

many instances seems TO have been reser-
we'd to effect cures of Consumption and
Asthma, after the usual means of all skill
iul physicians had been exhausted TO lit.
tie or no purpose; which facts are set
forth and subscribed to, in pamphlet, to
be gratis from the agent who sells the me
dicine. To be had of
W'NS- DUNN, Wdrdw.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09


and if a stop be not speedily put
to their incursions, the frontier
States will be depopulated.
Smuggling. All over the
frontiers the contraband trade
is in full vigor; most scandel-
Gus, say the newspapers. To-
bacco has fallen so low, through
it, that the Government monop-
oily is almost worthless.
Mas atlan.--An agitation was
Sot up here, on the oath ultimo,
having for its object to repeal
the law imposing five Ger cent,
duties OH foreign goods import
ed into the country though that
port. A petition was prepared,
asserting the sovereignty of the
people, and demanding the
prayer thereof to be conceded
to them.
In Puebla, the people were
very dissatisfied regarding the
taft. They denounced the in
PRODUCTION of foreign cotton in
to the country as ruinous to the
States, and particularly to the
manufacturing one of Puebla.
Robberies are still very fire.
quent on the high roads in Mex
leo. The stages are regularly
pillaged, and with impunity.
San Luis.-El Monitor of the
10th, states that slight alarm
pervaded the city of San Luis,
a weeek before, through a re-
port that Gen. Minon had re-
signed the command of the
trops there to Gen. Parez. Fear
ing revolt the Governor, the
Commandant General, and the
other authorities, took possess
ion OF several commanding
points, with the police and bo-
dy of armed men, and thus o.
yerawed the disaflected. 1t was,
however, merely an alarm, and
Gen. Niinon left Ian | Ills on
the 5thewith his division, Oh the
march to the frontiers.
HeciiOnS.--Gen. Almonte has
been elected to the t'edcralI
Senate from Oajaca, and Senor
ditto, from Quere-
taro, with his son as a substitute,
Pdredes. 1t was supposed by
he passengers that on the Great
Western, that Pa2edes was on
board, having embarked at We
ra Cruz just before she quilted
hat port. However this may be,
he individual taken for Paredes
lad not left his State-room since
eaving Vera Cruz. FL Monitor
states that there is no truth in
he rumor current at the capital
hat Paredes had salicited and
'eceived passport to quit the
'ountry, with $4,000 as a gra-
uity.
Specie.---The Great Western
lada a freight of S2,298,075, of
which S202, l20 were consigned
o merchants in New Orleans.
IN. D. Com. Times.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
z z 3 r -
COnsumptires, Despair not-Mere is Hop.,
euen for the Dv;ne I

This is to certify, that some time since.
| ! was taken with pain in my side ahd
breast; called in the aid of several phy-
sicians, but lhey failed to give me any re.
hei, and Tor the space of one year grew
| rapidly worse. In addition to this, was
attacked with violent cough; although
an excellent physician lived in the same
house, and used the greatest exertion, and
paid the StricteSt attention, IL baffied all
MS Sklll-two others were called in, one
OF which was an aged and skillrul physi.
clan. but all their efforts proved alik un
availing AT last, physician who was
attending camp meetin Gin the neighbor.
hoody came to see me, and declared that
could not last more than one day longer;
also, all the vast number who came to sec
me, oellevedthat few days at most, must
end my earthly career. My frierds were
now called in to see me die! But nv bro
ther, at this crisis, Clearing of the aston
lshlng cures performed by DR.. Rogers,
Compound Syrup of Liverwort and Tar.)
went to Chillicoihe and back, distance
of sixty miles, in thirteen hours, to get
some of the above medicine; l commence
ed taking it, and strange to tell, be fore I
had used half a bottle, the cough was en-
tirely cured; from this time | recovered
rapidly, and when had usrd two bottles.
was able 70 assume my family vocations
as usual. aim fully satisfied thatif it AaH
not been for this excellent medicine, I
would now be in my grave, and must. in
Justice, say that truly return my sincere
thanks to the inventor of this priceless
medicine, and would recommend all per-
sons afflicted with diseased lungs, to give
it a trial.
HARRIET ROWE.
Stanton, Feb 7, 1916.
We, the under>igftd do certify that this
account OF Mrs. Rowe is correct, we be-
ing personally acquainted with ali the cir
cumstances.
X =. JOHNSON, p. T.. MATTHEWS,
1Hos. CRAIG, JOS Evans.
sod by Brown & Dunn, Warsaw.
DIR. llutchison, Boonvillc.
H.. Huston 4 Bascom, Lex ny
ton: Orders may be addressed to
ii. BLAKSLEY & CO., St. Louis.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09

# Nest Of Iron Factories. .--One of the
most important neighborhoods for the pro-
duction of iron on the Ohio, riter, is'st a
place called Hanging Rock. Within cir
Gle of 20 miles there are 30 furnaces, 20
in Ohio and 10 in Kentucky. The pro-
duce of all combined amounts when in full
work, 10 10000 tons per annum.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
THE CENSUS FOR ls4s.

The following table comprises the CEN
sus returns for The year lS4S, for the coun-
ties therein named. We give, also, the
census Of the old counties for 1914, so
that the increase of population during the
period between those dates may be seen
at glance. .Netropoliian.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
obituary.

"Leaves have their time to fall,
And flowers to wither at the north winds
breath,
And stars to set, but all,
Thou hast all seasons for thine own, o
Death 70
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
Wonderful Extraordinarily &
Miraculousll,

CONSUMPTION CAN he CuRrp
U we defy the whole world to produ : -
such strong and undoubted testimony from
men of such high standing as we have. IN
favor of DIR. ROGERS LIVERWORT
AND TAR, in curing consumption, and
breaking up the most distressing coughin
few hours time.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09
QUARTERLY MEETING.

BThe first Quarterly Meeting for the
Warsaw Circuit of The M. E. c., South,
will be held in Warsaw THIS DAY, at
half past 10 o'clock, in the Presbyterian
Church.
Saturday morning visitor., 1848-12-09

A man at fair was asked if his horse
was timid. "Not at ALL" said he she
frequently spends the whole night by him
self in stable"