Weekly national intelligencer., 1848-10-14

drag he oner MS knees by increasing ihe pressure on IT,
When ascendinla hill the leader often draws much, while
the shafhorse ecines from his pull and level if the
leader he lower the wheehorse his traces instead Of
being in line wit those Of the shaft horse form considera
bic angle and tod TO bear the load downwards on his back
If the cart be without regular load the driver becomes
tery CARELESS, AMI perhaps aowsa spirited and willing leader
TO draw the whed horse, the cart, and the driver who falls
asleep after his dose OF whiskey, long his energies
permit
Hence although the frequently throws the whole
labor OF daugh the horse behind yet by exerng his
force solely ia ung without bearing any portion OF the
weight and by te starts and jerks to which he is subject he
is almost elwa sfound distressed journey
by any continued work. than the horse which the burden
falls more constiny and equally IT
horse Of Cydesdae breed employed during four
teen years by SIR Charles Stuart Menieh in drawing coal
wagons upon made turnpike road in the county of Dunn
fries from Ayrshire to Dumies His usual load Of coal
thirty five hunded weight in a common ightroad wagon,
weighing theet hundred weight He travelled twelve miles
day in our-mte stages. He never lay down during the
last eight years. Except twice, when he sick From the
experience which Sir c. s. Mepteith has had the use of
animal power upon roads, he is opinion that the
most economical node of employing horses in draugh is
give every horse lis carriage, in order that he may de-
pend solely upon his exeItions, Il is difficult To find
either boaa always willing and capable Of making uni
form aud continunis efiorts.S
Railroads (says Sir c. s. Mcneh) ofcastiron nine inches
wide, somewhat ccave, laid down in the long ascent be-
tween the Clyde aid the Forth and Clyde canal Glasgow,
which enables one horse sngehorse cart to draw from
two TO three TONS hough the rate on ascent in parts of
1t is one foot OF rise every fourteen feet of distance This
plan oraroa Tor as9nts been Glasgow than
twenty years. the employment OF nehorse wagons weigh
ing twelve or thirteen hundred weight adopted in convey
ing coal through the streets of London horse would do
the work Of two present four immense horses draw three
charcns, four tons hundred weight OF coal in wagon
weighing two tons that the shaft horse obliged draw
weight OF six tons in turning out OF one street into another
which the greatest cruelty poor dumb animal be sub
ected to. AT the time, railroads Of casron, similar
those in at Glasgow, should be laid down the wheels
OF carts wagons upon the streets nom the river
Thames the Strand, which would enable horse to draw
tons up these streets, instead Of employing six horses
codng to the present practice for drawing four of Goals
upon the same streets in their present state
Where hreehorses used, they should be yoked beas
il the breadth d the road will permit In ascending h it
is evident that the power of draught will be increased by draw
ing from the locality Of the axle and not from the fore par Of
the shas but smooth level road requiring effort
lift the wheels any obstruction, (lo such, with
any wheel carnage the inclination Of the traces downwards
from the coiur to the axle will facilitate the effort horizon
tai draught tho best The average description of road
Of course regulate this point
The French wheeled carts extremely long ard mar
row, probably from being much used in the carriage Of
those undoubtedly easily drawn than those which
short and broad But in France owing the wre,ched
state of the byrodds and farm lanes in winter of
ven (horscs and conbined yoked to draw
load Of wood of cider the market weighing
thirty five hundred weight only. The farmers contend that
the lanes frequently too permit two Of the beasts
be yokd abreast and though this objection does apply
10 the rJngeS the great roads, the nudcous
tenn is pursued ard, if not for the admirable training
of tie excellent horses employed in this kind Of work. and the
general sobey of the who conduct the entire
team great and partial distress would be frequently
perenced by the cattle.
In either cart plough horses should have their necks per-
ecty free. The system of bearing ns for coach
horses especially ascending ground very questionable,
and pursued in France Germany In the former
country the horses at full liberty stretch out their necks
they please, and this freedom, in mounting hill,
level if the pull is considerable, greatly aids their efforts by
rendering their weight most available in traction When
they thrown their launches by being rene up bc
power Of draught is confined their muscular action,
| and their weight OF body does not tell
The Germans in harnessng coachhoses, fall into oppo
site extreme from ourselves for they tie down TO the pole the
heads of their wheel horses make the utmost Of their weight
at dead pull The free action of the head and neck in heavy
draught is very important in slow and heavy farm work
| there is no occasion for bearing up the horses
In coach work. especially when the daugh is light, there
strong reasons for keeping up the neck in unnatural
position viz TO allow the driver greater power rapidly d.
rectng the horses movements and assist those of nfr
| limbs IN keeping their feet.
The best composition for greusng wheels is that retom-
mended by celebrated French chemist viz eighty parts OF
grease and twenty parts Of backead (pumbago reduced
very fine POWDER and most intimately and completely blended
together This is used at the French mint for ocks &C.,
and surprisingly durable very small quantity suices.