The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-03-17

tanoe, there might be strong for adopting
this messure but this ID not the On the contrary
an entirely opposite condtisn Of things exists The
Mexican govsrnmert is little more than shaaow Of
government without support upon which 1t can rely
without army--without revenue. The peops are In
state Of dsorganx aton opposed % the army and tho
government and large party In favor of the con-
tinuAtion OF the war, not from hostility to but their
own government, as it a. present exists. BY for
bsarancs, and under countnarce aud support they
have been induced to treat with from dread of auni
haton We have been strongly induced to treat rem
the same consideration; both governments have been
operated upon By tho same reason; for it 10 d,ut to
tell which would suffer most frora the danger appre-
hended The present danger in the refusal of the
Mexican to make peacs but the gre at dan
gar is thatshe may perish before she will have the op-
portusy to ratify the treaty. One thing is clea,we
have the force to ntmidae her without these ten
gments If intimidation be necessary single brigade
would be sufficient to cru.h any resistance which she
now competent TO make. We bold another power In
hand ample to induce her ratify this treaty Tell
her that II she refuses it, should adopt the boundary
of tho treaty and tho twenty millions which in
tended to give for her consent This consideration
alone would be suci. to persuade her to raty this
treaty and the amendments which may have been made
in this be dy In this view this bill o. intimidation and
coercion is useless menace snd uumeaRpg bravado
1t is than ureess it is mschlevous to us and to
Mexico. It would BE- mifchevous here, tecause 1T
would create suspicion in the country that the
treaty will net be ratified that shall not have
peace; and the effects would be TO oripplc the
operations of currency and commerce. 1t would
bs misehevous in Mexico, from other reasons -
There is large party in Mexico, known as the ruros
they unwilling to have peace not az our enemies, Or
friends; but they wish to the existing government
s,t> ~thn~ havl 10
bill will have the effect Of encouraging them to break
down the government. The measure 10 not only
useless and mschiovous bus it will be costly piece Of
brsvado. luppcse the chairman Of military affairs
does not intend that the bill shall merely the Sc
nate but that it shall become law. The expenses
then, CT recruiting and land bounter, will lie some
$3.50 Geo The psy OF the officers and troops rations
and clothing, will swell the cot to three millions. Then
We shall have vast increase of executive patronage
which must be deprecated by every Of every PARTY
when that patronsg is already enormous take yet
higher grounds should be opposed to this bill under
any circumstances should vote against it, If the treaty
had not bsen made, from reasons which regard IS
invinoible Nr. Calhoun tnen explained the bill, and
sai that it contemplated vigorous prosecution Of war
the event of the failure of the treaty. that this policy
could stop short of the humiliation Of Mexico and
its annexation this Unions consequence more to be
drcsded than any other. Upon this subject there Lad
been general change short time ago there was
large party in this Union favorable to the an
nexstion Of all Mexico 1t could be dope by the news
papers, and by resolutions at meetings; but the
great body Of the people, when they discovered that the
tending to this result had put upon the project
their seal Of rsprobston at once and hope for ever
Mexico refuses rsty the treaty. Only true policy 70
20 the line prescribed 1t will take less force to de-
fend 1t against the Mexicans than 1t will require If the
treaty be adopted against incursions from cur
saointo Mexico Let act honorably and fairly. hope
the day of intimidation in negotiations is passed by 1t
came bringing into tho Oregon question
but saved by wisdom and foresight Of the Sc.
nsts 1t the attempt to intimidate Mexico which
brought the present absolved from the intention
Of producing state Of but such ho result Of
the policy adopted. oppose this bill on yet higher
ground 1t is calculated to strengthen the system Of
finances adopted and spread the country occupied
by armies to aid in the collection Of the contribu-
tons extortsd from Mexico cannot vote for this bill
without giving my sanction to I'll system oinsernal LAX
o. hold the broad ground that III. President has
legal constitutional right to impose any system of
internal external taxation, contributions, in
Mexico 1t Is power which, if admitted is emnsntly
dangerous to the couotry. had desired the postpone
men ct this bill until the ratification and exchange Of
the treaty to avoid the possibility Of the charge OF
upon and if there be any aid ind comfort in my
opinion tho responsibility does not rest with me- hut
with those who have forced this bill upon consdera
ton 1t this time. Now, cir if the system Of ooKribu
tons 10 force In Mexico Is authorized by the consu
,on AK gentlemen to point 1t out If it is authorised
by the laws Of this Union point II cut there is any
authority for in the implied powers Of the Executive
peirt 1t out The system has authority In law
in the constitution but b in tbs implied powers Of
tbs constitution, you do not escape the difficulty.
The fathers Of the constitution, in their IL
gacity and wisdom, have given all the implied
powers Of the government to Congress. Mr. CAL
houn read from the constitution. He then ar
gued that tho power could not belong to the President
as commander in ohief, because he has more power
to levy in Mexico fer the support Of the army
there than he has to collect them In the United States
The power in the United States belongs to Congress,
The power Of collecting internal and external coatrbu
tions exercised by tho President in Mexlcows in
itself proof that there any such power in the COZ
stitution If Guch laws b admitted where Is tie nit
the exercise Of this pouer He may raise armi,s he
may 90 with his of subugatie to Guatemelato
the islands Of the ocean-to Japan; ana may fDsly
turn his armies against his own country. With
this unlimited power admitted, the Executive oc-
cupes the position Of President Of the United
States. and the supreme dsspotio power Of Mex
loo Mr. Calhoun further contsnded that TIE
comrandsr.in chief, in the invasion Of an ersmy's
country had the seize property and to reducs
cities and fotrses but that when reduced they and
the country occupied under the authority for the
time not of tho President commandment shef but
of the Of the United States The power OF
taxation In this government is vested 10 Congress -
These propositions are perfectly clssr ana amazed
that they have thus far bssn overlook sd With some
oa~.rel rearke upop the evils of warike
epirit in this country in Of conquest Mr. Calhoun
ssid he looked above all party personal or local
considerations In It's discussion; snd su,h were his con-
yisons that he could wish the bill re octsd by he
nimous vote Of the Senate In every view of the IL
becomes the Senate 20 put their haal condemnation
upon this bill.
Mr. JOHNSON, of Georgia, followed in speech in sup
port Of the administration aHd advocated the passage
OF the bill When he had concluded,
JOHN PAUL JONES