The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1848-07-25
KALIDA PuTNAM oouNrY, ONO, rtfsbAY, july i isis
FACTS IN GEOLOGY,

10 genera Of uniyalye shells have been
disseminated, and other shells are SO nu,ner.
ous and novel as 10 ill laro O books with thei,
descriptions. Their masses are so great. tha,
many have supposed that the vast mountains
| Of limestone are formed Of their remains
Marbles are composed for The most parI
pf them, and in many kinds the forms are per
1 feet. They are found at eyery depth which
has been penetrated, and under beds ofstone
4 thousand feet thick. sg,e
In France, at 100 miles from tho SEQ, a
single oyster bed was found, which, in oys.
tiers and other marine bodies, is equal 10 500
millions Of cubic yards. gilha. -
Sharks teett, and fishes' teeth abound in
Oxfordshire, England. fIs Il, ~ 4
! Fossil shells are found in mountains everv-
where; and they abound In the stones 10
which the Egyptian, Grecian, aud Roman
structures are formed. J9sa 21iu9 gfis t6i \
4, Miners are familiar with prodigous yari.
ETY. ofvegetables, none ofihem like The plants
the present country. Remains Of plants
and tropical plants are found in England, and
all over Europe. Sa@l bad$
Forests of standing trees have been dis.
covered in Yorkshire and Ireland, imbedded
in stone.
Shells, bones, teeth, and various vcgeta-
bles, are scarcely altered In other cases
their impressions remain on the stones; bui
more commonly their substance is penetrated
with earthly matter, and they are incorpora-
ted with the stone. They first appear in the
transition class Of rocks, and in them their
forms are the most simple. Those in the
oldest rocks, as limestone and slate, are.
chiefly mulusca, as corals, amenities, nautil
tiles, &c, while vegetables seldom occur
except reeds aud ferns.
10 mountain limestone and red sandstone,
the above are found, and more numerous
vegetables. The coal formations abound in
| cac,i palms, reeds, and ferns; the magnetism
Limestone which rests on coal. contains mn.
merous fish and amphiba. z aa'l
The second sandstone contains both trees
and shells. Las and volite abound in BIZ
yalye-shells, spines of fishes, aud bones of
tunies. cfocodiles, opossutns, and fossil
woods, besides ferns and reeds.
Fossil bones of the great mastodon and
other animals, have been discovered in the
Birthan Ernplrs,
Fossil remains on The Ohio prove ifat II
was once covered by the sea.
Caves full of bones Of bears, hyanas.
&c. have bean found in France, England.
Franconia. Italy. &c. gh1
On the descent Of a sandstone rock, near
I,ochmaben, now hard, but then soft, there
have been found, for forty or fifty yards, four
tracks Of animals, distinctly marked in unin-
terrupted continuity with regular alterations
Of RIGHT and left foot and the heel and toes;
supposed in one case to be the tortoise OF
crocodile: and the most distinct were on the
rocks sixty or seventy feet below the mod
Ieru surface. sa' s
Under The ruins of an ancient town, near
Modena, standing trees have been found,
beneath these beds Of shells, aud beneath
these vegetable remains. Ancient authors,
Creek and Roman, speak Of many such dis
c,ver;ea in their time. y, 4 Ss @ sop
Trees are often found in Lapland and 81.
beria converted into Iron ore and carbonate
of coop.r. Lipnites are petriGed trees, in a
state between neat and Goals.
The most acute modern biologists agree
in opinion that the vas, beds of secondary
limestone. and most OF the secondary calca-
reous strata have been the production Of she'll
fish and corais: and are distinct from granite,
oneiss, and their silicious and argilaceous
ruins, which compose other strata. 81 -
Two caves full of bones have lately been
discovered in France, and in one of them
remains Of rude pottery.
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