The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1848-10-05


But and arduous service required from
the California battalion. In the fall Of 1886 Instruction
broke out in southern California and the battalion was
called upono join in its suppression Most of them had
returned to the north Another campaign to the south
required, and many recruits necessary complete its
strength body Of emigans had Just arrived from the
United States and stopped the valley Of tho Sacra-
| mento. Leaving their families slightly provided with
shelter and subsistence, above two hundred of them
joined Mr. Fremont for this new expedition of near
hundred miles distance. AT first it WINS attsmpt-
ed from the San Francisco bay by Baficd in that
attempt, after twenty days contest with adverse winds,
return to Monterey and an overland march to Los An
gees, became unavoidable II the beginning of winter
the cold rains already set ina country Of ds6les and
mountains, and in state of nsurrecton be traversed
and everything TO be procured and without money. In
few weeks all readycannon mounted, beef cattle pro-
cured six hundred horses collected was march of ex
raordnary hardship, well requiring military skill.
Every day many horses persisted of hunger and cold and
Christmas day above hundred died tho Santa Bar
bara mountain in of wind and rain black with the
tempest from the Pacific The march required Skill
but it with something than soldiers eye that
Mr. Fremont felt be his duty TO survey the field before
him. He knew that the Caforninns against whom he
going themselves revoluonss cessful insurgents
against Mexican authortyand conscious that they MUS
come either under the American British flag ConcIa
ton his policy To gain these people by mdncss
and justice, instead of crushing them by arms became HI
object and to the attainment OF this object all his military
became subordinate and subsevient San Luis
Obspo, focus of instruction, the seat OF comandap
and distant hundred and fifty miles, to be taken
and passed He conceived the design Of secret march,
surprise-a capture without boodshedand the seizure Of
the nsugent chiefs and he accomplished that design The
march made the town surprised and the arrests
effected and effected with the quiet and order OF so many
civil of peaceful cities Don Jesus Pco
and thirty others Then an event occurred
which gave decisive the character Of the and
insured its peaceful and happy conclusion Don Jesus Pco
particularly obnoxious to the Americans lie had
broken his PAROLE been active in the insrecon ana had
out expeditions in which Captain Borrows and some
brave had been killed He placed before court
MARTIAL condemned and ordered to be shot, Mr. Fremont
pardoned him. and in that contaminated his policy OF
concaon prevented further his march, and
prepared the way for the capitulaon Of Couenga Don
Jesus connected with all the principal families ny blood
and by marriage. He cousin TO Don Andres Plco,
principal chief of the instruction Mt Los Angeles lie at
ached himself MIR. Fremont took the side Of peace and
aton went with him in his march, and contributed TO
quiet the through which they had The people
their houses offered resistance and received
no HARM corps Of observation, which hung upon his
march, yielded the maritime pass of the Pano Gordo
without resistance and galoped about without giving
receiving any serious attack The main body of tho
and that he had passed Santa Barbara marched 10
him. then, changing their minds they turned back to the
SOUTH and fought the actions OF the 9th and Sh OF January
with Commodore Stockton. Repulsed, but not routed,
(for Commodore Sockton's command all on foot and
the insurgents all mounted they turned again to meet Mr.
Fremont took post the pass of San Fernando They
undertook defend the pass which being turned by the
rAemen they fell back into the plain of Couensa famous
battlefield in the strifes of California. Mr. Fremont
sent them message. They agreed to meet HIM He went
out alone them, attended only by Don Jesus Pico,
who had attached himself him for life and for death since
his PARDON and had interview with Don Andres Pico
and other chiefs They agreed captae to him. and TO
nobody but him. declaring that they would take to the
tains and die like ,cM 0easis before they would submit to
any but him. The terms agreed upon, and they
conormabe the law of nations and to the law OF COM
mon and Justice The insurgents gave their cannon
and public arms retired their homes promised submission
to the American authority and aid preserving ORDER and in
receive protection and not to be to take
oath ofaegance the United States until ta
ty of peace with Mexico should fix their political condition
These TERMS agreed person. were reduced 70 form
by appointed each side approved by the
respective Commodore Stockton and
Don Andres Pico and the not only terminated and
established but the fruits Of peace ACQUIRED and en-
joyed.
the United States consul Monterey, (Mr o. Larkin)
who prisoner in the hands of the insurgents at the
time Of Mr. Femonts approach to Los Angeles he says:
On the Sd 4th of January, reached the Pnebn
that Colonel Fremont south of Santa Barbara march
ing the Californian forces The latter thea mus
camped two days The mission Of San Fernando,
he arrival Of the and apRsgG,Sa
Flores that Commodore Sockton with 500 men from san
al hs ss in n' fHy ns
nando and march the opposite site OF the Pneba to meet
the marine forces
on the 18th o, January; the capituati0n Of coueng.
sThe war in California is over, far the Califor-
concerned, and their manners and customs arr
gradually fall into the order affairs They have had
in different parts, nine hundred men under arms, every
man with good horses and lance, most OF them with
swords pistols rifles carbines. every one of them con-
Rgo %d Of every hill and valley yet they did snc
cecd and have found their losses In horses and waste OF
guarantee of good treatment
The capituaon of Couenga the happy conclusion of
the war; and testified by many witnesses. Mdshp
man Wilson, captain in the California battalion, says:
"We had frequent skrmishes with parties of the enemy
until the of Cotenga, which acted almost mage
cay restoring peace and tranquility the country; and
but that capituation, beneficial in its results my
impression that the Caornan would have carried o.
much property would have been sacrificed"
Colonel Russell, who was chief staff officer In the batta
ion and one of the commissioners for making the capula
ton, says:
"At the captuaon of Don Andres Pco to Colonel FREE
mont he and other Caonans boldly declared their deter
nnaion never submit any other officer than him, and
granted in the capitulaton Oh Colengas oi
which one of the negouators
hesitate to give il decided opinion that the
m Coscngd the 18th January l87, the
main OF saving the country from bloody, vexatious.
warfare, that would necessarily have been
tracted for a considerable length OF time.
al remained at Los Angeles over two months after the
capulaton and became well acquainted, and conversed
with the families in that part of the country, and from
all could learn the good results of that treaty in prevent
ing guerilla warfare was fully confirmed
This the conclusion of the war; and the restoration
of peace and it's fruits The capulation Of Couenga
the pacfcaon and the reconciliation Of California
the last the drama of the conquest and like the first
movement the valley of the Sacramento, done upon
the responsibility of Mr. Fremont alone. From the day
it was signed peace and good will prevailed in tho
country. Travelling and living became as secure
az in any part Of the United States. Mr.. Fremont
could have gone back alone without arms guards
upon the line of his march from Los Angles to Monterey
from IN Ina