Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1848-08-25

| ZION Oi slavery. Al the OIedklNS out u VIZ -
volution existed in all The colonies, and at me
adoption OF The constitution in all The States with
The exception Of Massachusetts. They had seen
ii; 10 abolish It in the STATES where slave Dor was
! unproiiiatle, and have since INDUCED in series
| OF unwarraniatle asaressions upon Sou hSIn
SlalSs, thai bnl for ths bonds OF this Union would
I moi have been endured Tor a moment. II is sup
posed upon moderate calculation that there are
I nj mis- lire in The Northern States ard III Cana
da upwards of thirty thousand runaway slaves,
| and lhis was property which, by justice and CO.
mny, the Northern Sales were bound TO assist IN
! retaining. The remedy lor these abuses was
not 10 be found in the ascendency Of parties, but
1 il depended on their own sout hearts and sfons
/ arms.
7 Mr.. CALHOUN said that his colleague had SO
fully detailed the proceedings in Congress upon
The questions involving the rights of the Sooth,
that be would confine himself 10 what he con
ceiyed 10 be the more immediate OBJECT OF me
meeting the question of the Presidency HIS
attention had been early and earnestly directed
to this matter, and the conclusion he had ar
rived at was, that the proper policy OF the
State was 10 stand aloof from the contest, and
| in this sentiment he had the concurrence Of all
! colleagues Of the South Carolina delegation IN
| Congress, with perhaps but exception
/ There were several reasons for this determina.
4 tion-among them may be mentioned that mel
;her of the candidates comes up 10 our require
mrnts of principles or policy; and BY entering
into an active and heated political contest, each
! party abusing the candidate Of their opponents,
! and praising their own as exemplars OF perfec.
tion, The State would be degraded TO the level
which they occupied. He had never doubted
| hut that when tue time came the State would
cast her vote; but let us cast il without heat,
without excitement and in the direction which
the safety and dignity Of the State requires
| that it should be cast As to the respective
candidates. many gave the preference 10 General
Taylor because he was planter and South
ern man; others again preferred General Cass,
because he was member Of the party with
VIII Gu they usually act. These preferences were
natural and allowable, if the divisions to which
| they led were conducted without asperiiy or
bitterness; but they would be most mischevous
| if their effect was 10 divide US at this crisis,
when harmony and union among ourselves was
more than ever desirable.
Since addressed you last in this place great
change has taken place in The position Of parties
at the North. The Abolition party, which was
| then mere handful, has now grown 10 be
mighty party parry above and beyond tie
| presidency; a parry that has cast aside both The
| candidates OF The old parties and nominated as
The representative OF their Tree soil principles Mr.
| Van buren, who was formerly Inc President OF
/ The United States. Such man Wonid never
| nave consented 10 be placed in That position IN
| less he was convinced that there firm foun-
| dai0n for the movement, and saw that The North
had determined 10 rally on this great question OF
sectional supremacy. He referred 10 the action
Of the Senate on The Oregon bill, and lamenIabie
| as was the defeat o! Inc S,uth on that qnes-
L -. :, 10 NM a
complshed by the votes Of Two Southern Sena.
| tors. He would name them. They should be
| known and deserved TO be held in rep:obalicn by
every Southern man. They were Col Benton Of
! Missouri and Gen. Houston Of Texas. Had
| they stood true 10 The South, the till would have
| been defeated. With these exceptions, the South
| ern men had stood side b. side and shoulder 10
| Shoulder. And in this most gratifying con.
| trast wa. presented with the condition OF things
existing al the commencement Of The session.
| Al tha. time mol c0rporaPs guard could De goi
together 70 &c! harmoniou>Iy. He mad never wit
| messed 50 much distraction. Blu! at the close OF
an ariaous session, and after one Of The ahesl
| debates which he hal ever witnessed, and in
which the South was completely victorious, the
| entire Souh, with me exceptions above named,
| stood shoulder 10 Shoulder, mantuly battling for
/ their chis
The action Of The North in inserting The Viii
mot PTuyiso into The Oregon bill, was inere
wanioa assertion OF power. l. was universally
| admitted that the climate and soil OF Oregon I'm
| fitted i for slave population, bat The North de-
lermined upon The assertion OF the right to ex'
| cudr slavery from he Territories OF the Union,
! without conditions or restrictions. II was The
| first time il was so applied, and The delernna-
zion is manifest 50 10 apply j! hereafter in all
cases even 10 Cuba, should that Island ever be
! be annexed 10 our Union. In Inc old ConiedeTa-
! ton the Ordinance Tor The government o' the
| Northwestern Territory was proposed for three
years, and was only adopted then when the res;i-
:riion 81 fugitive slaves 10 their owners was
| coupled with ii az condition. The Missouri
! Compromise was proposed By The North, who
urged it on Congress, and sacrificed every North.
err man who voted agains, it, But great
| change has been effected in the North since tha
period As they nave srown in power they have
| increased in their e1actiuns, and al last have
| boldly agowed their determination 10 arrest The
! farther progress Of the Slave States, by eScud
| iEa Them unconditior ally hereafter from a.! The
| Territories of The Union.
With such i struggle al hand, how important,
is il ,ha, ltc South shonli be prepared 10 NEE! i
| with united 'front.'. Diversities OF opinion ale
encranei upoE the subject OF the Presidency
General Taylor is preferred by some, General
Cas- by others. All are equally sincere, and VII
in his opinion, were equally Republicans. lie
| did not ask that they should throw away shelr
vote, or arrest The canvass: Things had gone loo
! ;ar for that; but he imnlored lhsm as Cafolinlans
10 conduct the canvass with mode alton, and
| with kindly feelings towards each Other. Do MOI
1 permit the discussion SO to divide or eSlangc yoc
| rom each o,her, "a that you cannot b. Teconciea
! Immediately alter lis termination. The time l.
co;n,Gg when your united energies will be de
| maaded for The Struggle. Al the next session Of
| Congress The coates; will be renewed Tor CalitoT
| MIA, New Mexico AMI The territory between The
Nueces and The Rio Gfande-ior The i!orih
Claims all that. II worsted in that struggle, as
there is great probability We will be, We nave no.
ming 10 hope or expect from ihr Federal Go.
7ernmsnl He hal watched This question 81
| abolition lur years and from The beginning hac
! predicted the result. There are IN The body
| polite as in The human system diseases which
| il not promptly arrested, become incurabI", aIc
eventually ialal; and il was his opinion from
| The first, that abolition, il strong and DECIDED
| measured were moi taken 10 kit, Woulu run
us course and in lis progress destroy me Unich
| and The institutions OF thu country. In ms oPin
| ion which ever party al the Norh was defeated
| in The Presidential election would 60 over 10 inc
| Barnburners. Wi such an addition 10 ineir
| forces, the party will be most powerful. For de-
| fence against lis policy and purposes, we must
| rely upon ourselves alone Hence The necessity
OF unon-ot harmony. Donor permit any mere
temporary question 10 es;range or divide you
| Remember that The Cafoinian who IS EARNEST
from you in opinion is nearer 10 you man any
| Northern man OF either party II The South Is
| united there is vet hope OF sa?ns The Union.-
| We can rally great Southern Republican par.
", based on princip c. above the mere making OF
Presidents; and with such parry We can com
ma nd our terms and control The North. So long
as The South permits any candidate who claims
her support % 'amper with The Abolionsls ior
their votes, her influence vii! be lost, and her
rights cIsregarded. BY rallyine great Southern
party tina, will support no man not pledged 10 Inc
! maintenance o, the rights OF the South and mo
guarantees OF The Constitution, party VIII De
formed 10 the North who will cooperate win US.
But il This fails to ARES, the spirit OF aggression
now so manifest, and the alternative is forced up