The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1848-12-12


obeaply produced by EACH labor everywhere benefits
labor, man his brother man, and nations each other
and their only antagonism Is introduced by human
legisation The doctrine Of free trade Is the petition
OF labor to employ itself everywhee in those pursuits
bsst adapted by nature to every country and yielding
therefor in each the largest products and highest
wages looks upon every where as
brethre equal in rights and united in interest and
destiny Rightly undersood there 10 perfect nifty of
interest between and maj md nation and nation,
and between capital and labor.
We the ben. fits OF reciprocal free trade among
all the States of this Union although their
ducts and abrics various as those of separate
nations yet all the States find it to BE- their true
rest to admit freely the products of each The benefits
Of this ricted reciprocal constitute
great bond of interest, constantly aug Ting, which
doctrine be true It would be tho real interest OF each
and Of oil of there States to impose uutes upon similar
products in others for the protection Of the people
each State Yet clear IL this proof of the be uedts
reciprocal free trade between the States Of this Union
the principle a. question of political economy is the
same extended to q her States not united with
der the govern ment This difference in their po-
little al Institutions cannot Affect the great of
commerce The local laws of Ohio and Lousi ma of
Mississippi and Massachusetts,, are more variant in
some respects than those of many other States
the limits Of the Union. Now, whilst We acknowledge
the benefits of free trade between these
States thus differing in their local institutions wages
and products the deny that 1t would be
beneficial to establish ted commerce.
with other States beyond our limit. Yet variant
forms Of government make difference ~
20 .ne reciprocal Dement'S OF commerce II free
trade be beneficial among republican States, it
might at lesBt BIZ extep ded them, although
chies were excluded but none will MAINTAIN that
tons should rpftrict their commerce with each other
b.csue they differ in their form Of government. Al
though governments may differ, we are one
Throughout the globe the toing millions who nhu Bit
1t have one interest," and question of political
economy the benefits of free trade must be the same.
whether extended to States within OF beyond the
limits OF he same govern meDt and each State though
separated here after by catastrophe from every
other State would he alike still benefited by ciprocal
Tree trade among the whole for their commercial u
te'ests would not change with the separation from the
confederscy.
Union, perceiv. how Injurious would be- the effect of
tariff by any one, upon its interest and that of
all the States Now trade Is not geographical po-
itical and II Congress OF delegates from oil nations
were assembled, they would soon perceive that
merce was unit that it not local, but interns.
tiona and that tariffs by more nations on the
products Of Others just injurious each and
to all nations, would be tariff in State upon
the products Of all the other States of the Union H.
then in such Congress of all nations assent bling
from time 10 time their several tariffs were discus ed
and their Injurious effects upon each and every other
tbroughout the world would fall before the light Of
such an investigation. Whenever the laws of nature
are beyond the reach Of man. there is perfect order
under the dire ction of Almighty power; but whenever
ran can disturb these laws, dscord and injury are
sure to ensue Tie earth, the sun, and countless
systems wht cling through universal space move on
ward in perfect order and beauty but even the har
mony of the spheres would be disturbed if the legis
ston 81 man could interfere and the laws of
nature. The natural laws which control trade be-
tween nations and regulate the relation CAPT.
tai and profit on the one hand and wages and labor
on the other, are perfect and harmonious and the
laws Of man which would effect a change are always
Injurious The laws Of political economy are fixed
and certain Let them alone is all that required of
man let all information exchanges of products
move as freely In their rbits the heavenly bodies
In their spheres and tbeir order and harmony will be
as perfect, aud their results beneficial as is every
movement under the laws of nature when undsturbed
by the errors and interference of man
IL labor dear here and low abroad in the exchange
OF products we get Of theirs for smamer -'""nt
OF ours, ard gain by the exchange The ohsapness of
.ao =. an argument in favor OF exchange with
NINA "a aAoo In lima hat EnpN
from cheap labor could afford to sell two for wat
one would cost here it would be our interest to por
chase from them at the reduced price, But according
to the protective the cheaper the foreign labor
and the lower the pce Of its products the more should
We exclude them by higher rates Of duty In the alb
sence Of duties, will exchange our surplus products
for their cheaper fabrics, and our loor being applied
to the production of articles thds exchanged abroad
wages will be EXCHANGED here by obtaining more
tended markets for products getting them
greater quantity of useful articles at prices In
the absence OF tariffs the division of labor would be
according to the laws of nature in each nation the
surplus OF each would be thus exchanged among the
whole, each en- poyipg its labor only in the most pro-
would be largest. If labor low in any foreign
country that they could furnish us goods at almost
wanted here. it would be interest to purchase
them in exchange for our products, and the cheaper
the toresn articles the greater would BE- our gain in
the exchange 1t is a strange objection to the pur-
chase OF foreign articles that the price is too low
The argument that we must encourage infant
manufactures was always fallacious for they would
courage Themselves the country wa. adapted
TO them. But are they now infant manufacturer? We
cease to be infant manufactures until wesned from
legislative protection! On the first of February next,
the markets of Great Britain viii be open to bread
stufs at nominal duties Shall snlarge the markets
for our products, by selling them to Great Britain in
the only way in which she can purchase them for a
fsbics as she sell to at cheaper rates than we
can make them! To the farmer planter this isjusa
whether he shall cell more higher price e less aud
at lower price lift be interest to ahu8 out Brti
fabrics, it would be theirs to their laws and
exclude cur bresdstpfs from their markets.
1t IL eaid that other nations will not take our =
ducts in exchange for their fabrics but, with reqi
cal free trade, they must take them by the uni3
rule that the purchaser will buy the cheapest artiS
without ipquiripg whether they made at home or
n p1oSuVs pnrns dass
exchanges Is to increase the amount Of labor and
diminish its products or in other words to force
workmen to labor more and receive less.
The people Of the Union, consumers, pursuing
their true interest," II left to their choice unfet-
eet articles but this lie trained by law and the con-
sumers compelled, by high duties, to purchase only
encourage home industry But the foreign import nau
been purchased by some domestic export. The barter
may not have been direct; various factors may have
INTERVIEWED; bills Of exchange may have been used
coin may have adjusted occasional balances but in
series Of years In the aggregate international trade
but an exchange of products Thus, the foreign i'm
port being exchanged for some American export our
own home industry, which produced thai export has
peen better encouraged than II forced by law into
duties -
The temporary high price Of labor in a particular
employ often imputed to thu tariff; bnt II it be
conceded that the projected articles are thus en-
HANGED this additional price paid by the consumers
60 much capital taken from them by the tariff the
full extent Of the increased price, which ether wise
would have constituted fund for the employment of
labor and the payment OF wages IT, then, so, thing
Ia gained in the enhanced price particular branch
ofinduttry II at the Of all Others aud
result In dirinution of wages depending, as they
90 on .he aggregate proht OF all the capital and labor
OF the country, and not upon that employed in any
particular branch Of industry. Thus, while wages
may be temporarily augmented in pursuits
ed by law, they diminished In all others and The
wages Of a great msjori:y Of laborers would be
ducsd, and finally, OF all.
From the diminished aggregate capital there follows
ulmnution IN the aggregate wages paid in q alton.
vsst majority OF the labor OF this country is
ployed in agriculture, commerce. navigation and the
non protected purnnits; and IL these are depressed
their nro fits Ieducnd=the q