davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1847-02-13
AN ACT,

To confer certain authority upon tn
Commissioners Of COLUMBIA County,
Whereas-during The construction
Of The couu,y buildings a, Bio 1msbu' &.
in the County Of Columbia, it MAS re-
com mendod TO the building commilit
by The County Commissioners. and many
ether disinterested cItzans, thst fir
proofs snd other exrs work dee neG
|expedienl and advisable, shoud be con
Nrutled while said buildings were be
Jog erected
find whereaS-It is bu' just and prop
sr that The county should conI lbue iol
portion Of such extra work, which by
he act Of twenty-!ourIh Of FEBRUARY
eighteen hundred and fOr'y.fve, 'h'
citizens Of B bloomsbury were nol bound
TO CONSTRUCT
Therefore,
Section Be Il enacted By The Sen.
ale and House of Representatives. ofMt
Commonwealth Of Pennsylvania an Gen
erai assembly met, and ii is hereby enact
ed By the authority fhs somc--Tha' the
Commissioners OF Col. CO are hereby all.
.horized 10 appropriate ou' Of The County
funds OF said county, sum of money no
exceeding twenty-five hundred dollars IT
pay for Ihe fire proofs and other exirt
work in and about he new public build
lngs at BlJomsburg, end for furnishing
The same. ProUided-That no part Of the
said sun so appropriated, shall be paid
out Of the county lreasnary before Inc ac-
cep,ance Of Ihe said buildings for public use
1t will be seen oy the foregoing docu-
menIs, that 81 900 are raised by subscrip-
lion md that Ire iul requirements of the
emovsl Bill have been met by individuals
The buildings have been pu, under way
and ale pushed toward completion in good
faith and without any desire to avoid Just
responsibility or legal obligation. Blu, the
fire proofs stone work. stepping in front,
and the fnrn.hng Of he buildings, are no,
contemplated by the Removal Bill as =
charge rpon individuals; individuals who
have contributed literally, and provided
building. much larger, more commodlous
substantial and beautiful lhan those ever
were that are now used by the courty al
Dsnvils Toward those Building. al Dan"
vile the county contributed, as appears BY
The county records, the sur Of shout $4,000
prior 10 1919 The appropriation RoS
proposed is moi 10 exceed s25o0, and n
to b. applied 10 sxWa work sbou. and TO-
Bull dngs voslh sad sostis q
t,Utss ss much as did those .! DsnvIls
The Removal act in,rodsees into tSs ssss,s1
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1847-02-13
DIl0@IilSEWEGs 8
SATURDAY,, TEBREaRrIs, tsir.
AMIRNHYo

TB. PALMER Esq. 10 authorized 10 act as
Agent for the 'CoLuMnIA DEMocnAT, and re-
ceipt al monies t6r Subscription and Adrertis-
ing at his Agencies IN
Philadelphid No. so Pine-sireet.
New York " 100 A NqssGu-,treet.
Boston 10 S,ate-8treef.
baltimore S. Z. cor Bal. and Cdlvert-sts.
Observation-Disclosures and 'rddeSmen may fnd
IL TO their adUqntage 10 adperhnin This pGpera'
IL is the only one published a The County Seat
end has greater circulation L. The county than
any other paper published ,oithsn stiRpits'
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1847-02-13

work smoUni tG the sum Of el2,0si, aud
ihs, 81 300. more will fully Oonplss. Gu.
ish and furnish the Building, and prspsIs
them and ,he lots On which they are loca,.
ed Tor ,he use Of ,hs public, and ihs The
sum Of 60 500, or nearly that ovsr ,hs D.
mount subscribed, will be required for such
purpose.
They Therefore, respectfully pray your
Honorable Bodies, 10 pass an stI su,hofz
ing The Commissioners OF Columbia county
to appropriate The sum OF twenty-five
Hundred DolIas for the payment Of exUs
work upon and about the New Public
Buildings, a, Bloomsburg, and for furnish
ing The same and they will over pray, &c,
VIM. McKELVY,
J RAMSAY,
l.. B. RUPERT.
JACOB EYER,
DANIEL SNYDER,
The Undersigned, Commissioners OF 'ht
county ol Columbia, certify that the state
menls in the foregoing Me mortal Il Pe.l
lion are correct &lheybeliave hat the public
Interests would be, subserved and lke wish
es of the peOpls Of The county mel, by 'h'
passage Of the act prayed for.
FRED'N MCBRIDE,
PETER EMF.
PETER KLINE,
The undersigned, Grand Jurors for CO.
lumbia soOnIy, al January Sessions, A, d
.ls47 do approve of the foregoing aPplica
lion 10 The Legislature and desire the pas
sage Of tho acs prayed for, and /. is under
stood that the appropriation by the Com
missloners is TO be paid actually cut OF 'h'
Treasury sfIer the buildings are accepted
pursuant 10 ,he Removal law, and not oIh
erw.se.
THOMAS MENDENHALL, Foreman
N. SeeIy James Role
J. Winlsrsteen Enos Adams
Charles Csnner Daniel Role
John II. Davis A. B. Cummings
John Richards John Lazarus
WiIliam Masteler WIllism Psrks
William Malher II. r. Kline
Samuel Be,z Paul Zaner
W,llinm Rohrbaugh William Eyer
Peter Hess Charles Workheiser
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1847-02-13
.zsENrg1r%s<zs.s

The MeAtcas Congress hiss passed an
&C, suihorisings loan Of slb 100000 and
psdging The church property for III pay.
ment. This hiss aroused a deep feeling OF
opposition on ,hs par, Of the church, which
10 likely 10 create disturbance There is
& rspori that Santa Aana has bcas shot by
bis sddist ,housh rot eiafisa. as'sA
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1847-02-13
c. w. FORTNER.


The second Rerimen, Of Pennsylvania
Volunteers left New 0rleans on The 3Olb
Il
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06

your faces Gentlemen Wings of the Ohio
State Central Committee, and of the country
generally, we do not see that any degrada-
lion whatever remains for you, which you
have not already suffered, unless 1t be the
triiiing forInality Of getting down on your
knees before the Shareholders and letting
them empty their spittoons into your hats,
and from the very meek and conditional
threats of the above paragraph, we think you
are rcady, AYE READY for that.
"A clear response forsooth Why, as
to the great central and only practical point
of the question, the Ohio Wing Committee
utters d voice more equivocal than ever came
from the Delphic oracle. 1t leafs the non
committal of Mr.. Van Buren, all to smash
Here it is;
"A word on the subject Of the Prcsjden-
tial candidates Far be it from us to debnr
any man, even it we had the power, from as
piring to the highest Offices within the gift
of the people. Neither would we make mill
tary success, how ever brilliant, a test Of quail
i%lication. And while we condemn and reject
no man, so neither do we propose any man
in connection with the Presidency. We are
pledged To no me we are committed TO no
onc. We do not think the present a proper
time 10 select a candidate
Very well-snppose it is not a proper time
to select a candidate. 4 candidate is select
ed, and the Notwithstanding aud Demo-
crats-are urging him upon the country with
a zeal and equanimily which has pretty much
obliterated party lines at the South, and
threatens to do SO at the North. May it not
be time Just to say that he who has. not will
ed, but done this war, cannot be- the candi-
date for the presidency ! 40. but we don't
know but General Taylor will 90 for the
WiImot Proyiso, or give back the conquered
country to the Mexicans so as to r~esiric! sla-
very to its existing limits, and then he is just
our man-dedr brave man! We wouldn't
for the world cut off our chance for voting
for so popular a man, II PERADvENTCRE-
which the Lord knows is Sgmcrhqi possible
h does hold our own strict, strong. and
vehemeuta sllvery principles. Therefore.
Far be it, &c"
Where you find a man on free soil with &
soul in him, he says NO to this nomination
of General Taylor, just as he pays for his
newspaper in Advance, Bu a Wing Contra
State Committee isn't a man at all, but ;
mere mixture of Doctors staff after the follow
ing prescription, which we English for the
benefit of those who would get up one:
Take-Ipecacuanha, 10 grains;
Conscience, } scruple;
Morphine, or Natural m
Stupidity. ad lib.
Warm water, (aqua tepida) 10 gals
To be mixed and taken at one swallow
with mouth open and eyes shut.
The above we take to be the rule FOLLOWED
in Ohio, and if it is responded to and repro
duced in all the free States, we think tn
Wing resistance to the extension n Siacery i
likely to be surprisingly brilliant, and almos
as successful as Ampudia's defense at Mon
terey.-Chron0iypc.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06
Semi IIOleSt.

The Ohio Wing State Central Committee
has put forth an address which the Boston
Wing copies with greatapprobAtlon, pralslng
the moral and political energy Of Ohio as be-
yond that of any other State, and expressing
the opinion that if she goes on as she has
begun, she will find a load and clear response
from New England" We are glad to see
that she has begun to go on, but we do trust
that she will meet with a response from New
England a great deal louder and clearer than
her own voice. There is a great deal too
much meal in her mouth yet, in regard TO
slavery. Hear her Wing State Central Com
mittee
"And while we nave submitted TO the
compromise on this subject, and are still
willing to adhere to it; and while we entire
ly disclaim any disposition or desire to in
terfere where slavery now exists, this feeling
must not be mistaken for indifference. |
one of the parties absolve itself from the con
tract, surely it should not be considered bind
ing on the other. And in that case, thi
rhoe question of extension or restriction in
evitably becomes an open one, in erery re
spect. We wish TO avoid this condition o
things as one of danger and difficulty. w
are opposed to the acquisition and anneNl
ton of territory in any MANNER, and unde
any p~retence whatever-Gnd as citizens Of
free State zoe ICiH neUer consent 10 the turtle
eriension of Siarery. If this exciting ques
ton is to be thrown into the political arena
if it is to be forced upon US, we will meet
like men. We are ready-AYE, !"
Fudge! You show that you are not ready
and not likely to be. You lack heart for tn
contest. You lack principle. You are no
more than half honest. In Gods name, how
long are you going to wait for one of the par
ties to I" absolve itself from the contract" y
Why, the Wings of Massachusetts long ag
proclaimed that if half that has been don
by the shareholders should be done, the Mort
would no longer be bound even to the Union
Talk about not interfering with slavery wher
il now exists after slavery where it exist
has violated your constitution, disgraced you
fair fame, robbed your pockets, murdere,
your sons, and cracked its clotted whip il
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06
THE SALEM BOOKSTORE

Has recently received considerable additions
TO its Stock of Books and Stationary from
New York and Philadelphia, and now offers
to its " friends, and the public generally" as
cheap and well-selected a lot as can be found
any where in the county, TO say the least
The subscribers have taken especial pains TO
ascertain where the best Publications of the
day were to be had, as well as the standard
LITERARY d SfEENTIETC WORKS,
and now have the pleasure of saying that they
have secured an excellent variety of the best
and most popular. Also, a full assortment Of
ECLECTIC SCHOOL BOOKS,
lately from Cincinnati.
All orders for Books, singly or by the lot,
cheerfully and promptly attended TO.
GALBREATH g. HOLMES.
Salem, June 4, l9I7.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06
and places.
WESTERN ANTI-SLAVERY FAIR,

1t is proposed to hold a Fair, 10 aid the
cause of emancipation, at the time and place
of the next Anniversary Of the Western An
ti-Slavery Society and the object Of this
Circular is TO invite all, 10 assist in ptPpar.
inr for that OCCASION, who are the foes Of OPP
pression-who desire that our country shall
be redeemed from the rule of t~yrants-who
wish to break the yoke of the captive, and TO
repel the aggressions which slavery is ma
king upon our own rights. Whether the
contributions shall be worthy of the cause-
worthy the high professions Of those who
stand forth as the friends Of liberty, may
greatly depend, reader, upon y0ur Efforts
Are YOU willing to contribute Of your abund-
ance or your penury : are you willing 10 slim
ulate others TO good works, and unite with
them to bring your neighborhood offering,
and lay it upon the altar of humanity Ii
you have neither silver nor gold, are you
willing TO consecratG a portion of what you dc
possess to this cause? Let the farmer and his
wife bring grain and wool, brooms and bask-
cts, cloth and other manufactured articles
let the dairymaid come with her cheese and
butter, and the miller with his four-!et the
halter and timer, the saddler and shoemaker
present such needful things as their several
handicrafts can furnish-let the merchant
contribute literally OF his stock, and those
who are skillful with the needle bring such
useful ana fancy articles as their ingenuity
may devise.
The proceeds of this Fair will he appro-
priated to tie support Of the Antl-Slavery
movement in the West, either by placing
them at the disposal of the Western Anti
Slavery Society OF applying them by direc
lion of the donors 10 some branch Of this re
form in harmony with the views Of that So
ciety.
The cause for which we ask you to labo
is one which is fraught with the deepest in
terest to millions OF our race-it meets wit
favor from the %virtuous and the good, and
approved by the Father of the oppressed
We allectionalely invite you to share the to
and the reward Of this work-we appeal
you in tho name Of MAN, robbed and outrt
ged-we ash you 70 be true 10 tho ims.inc
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06

of your better nature, and to prove by your
actions that you appreciate the blessings Of
liberty and the Safeguards OF virtue
BFTsEY NJ. CowLEs, Austinburgr
LYDIA IRisH. New Lisbon,
JANE ID. McNEALY, Greene,
MARY DoNALpsoN, do.
MATILDA S. HOWELL, Painesviller
Susan MARSHALL, do.
MARIA l.. GiDDiNGs, Jefferson,
MErcY LLoYD, Lloydsville,
Many ANN BRoNsoN, Medina,
PHrBE ANS CARRoLL, Rayenna,
MARTHA }. rAsEN, Dc.
SUSANNA +. DoYALpsoN, New Richmond"
hrTH DuGDAIE, Green Plain,
ELIzABETu BonToN, Selma,
MARIA WHlTMoRE, kndover,
ReBEccA s. Thomas, Marlborough,
SARAH BowN, Pittsburgh,
SArAH w. TAYLOR, "
MARY $. DlcRlNsoN, Chagrin Falls.
SARrPrA BRowN, New Lyme.
ELizA CowLEs, Geneva.
XLPAm DARNABY, Mt. Union,
HARRiET n. ToRREy, Parkman,
ELI2ABETH 4. STEDMAN, Randolph,
CoanELIA SMAtHEY, do.
SILENCE RICnMoND, Mumson.
ELi2NBETH BuTTERwoRTn, llopkinsvllleI
ANN WALKER, Lcesvilie,
MARY GRlswOLD, New Garden,
Eliza HoLMEs, Columbian,
LEAN NOCLESuNG, do.
ANNA c. Fuller, Brooklyn,
CuhNEHIA x. CowLES, Buffalo, ". W
Mary ANN Ellsworth, Richfeld,
UARRIEr Poor, do
Laura BARNAGY, Salem,
]. E|LlzAnErH JOKES, DO.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06

American Shire Trade.-Three Thousand
new Africans are imported annually through
Texas into Louisiana, &C., (cioniousiy, ac-
cording 10 Uniied States MIc. Fifty thousand
native American citizens, some of them
whittier than their masters (and this class Of
orihodor color is constantly increasingly have
been, for a number OF years past, bought and
sold like beasts, in the States South Of peni-
sylvania. (eiOniousiy, according to Gods law.
OF this Internal slave.trade, Washington, /,
which you send, Christian reader. your rep.
resentative, is the metropolis.-Irue UeS
eydn.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06
Life of BENJAMIN Lnndy.

The volume which we have long been i'm
patient TO see, is at last on our table. 1t is
eniuled-'T The Life, Travels and Opinions
OF Benjamin Lundy, including his journeys
10 ieNds and Mexico; with a sketch Of CO.
temporary events. and a notice Of the revolu-
tion IN ltdyiI. Compiled under the direction
and on the heh It of his children. Philidel-
phla; published by William D. Parrish, No.
!, North Fifth street-lSIT." PIP. 3l6, 10
mo- 1t contalns an excellent likeness of bun-
dy, and also n map of Texas and Mcxico.-
Inc hrst lS0 pages are occupied with the in
trepld philinthropist's own account Of his
HE. together with the Journal that he kept
during his perllOus trips 10 Texas. In the
Preface, the compiler states that, in prepar-
ing The work, " he has been solicitous to avoid
giving offence to any class Of emancipation
isis, and not TO oger his own views on points
respecting which the different classes are at
issue"
The name Of Benjamin Lundy is ildisso-
lu0Iy ANA glorlously connected with the anti
slavery cause in the United States, as its in
domliable pioneer and untiring advocate, I'M
der difficulties and trials which no other man
in the nation was found willing or disposed
TO encounter to the same extent, and with the
same unreservedness of mind, body and es-
tate. For the space Of twenty-three years, he
gave himself to that cause with a zeal which
nothing could check, with a courage equal TO
any emergency, with a vigilance as slerpless
as the spirit of slavery itself. Great were
his sutlerings, great his deprivations, great
his achievements. TO him, more than 10 any
other human being. are we personally indebt-
cd for the earliest knowledge we obtained OF
the extent and workings Of slavery, and for
the first impulses that were excited in us 10
seek the Punishment of that foul system from
the country. twas our privilege TO be asso-
cilted with him for a time in the publication
of the " Genius of Universal Emancipation
at Baltimore, in lS29-30; and the more W.
saw Of him, the more we appreciated his cX
traordinary labors, and became imbued will
his anti-slavery zeal. Justly does he deserv,
TO be associated with Wilberforce, Clatkson
Macaulay, and Buxton, in the remembrance,
and gratitude Of the coloreI race universal
ly.
He was born in Sussex, New Jersey, Jan
uary 18th, 1889. He died in Lowell, La Sail
county, Illinois, August 22d, 1899. He wa
under the middle size, of a slender form, ligh
and rather sandy complexion and hair, a sar
guine temperament, and cheerful and sprigh'
ly disposition.
A few copies of his Life are for sale
the Anti-Slavory Office, 81 Cornhill. 1t
due to his memory, that the friends of tt
slave should purchase it extensively, aud ad
1t TO their llbrary.-LtberatOr.
We have received this work and have
t for sale. Those who are acquainted with t
} labors of Benjamin Lundy, or who desire
!, procure the history of one who was a war
, and faithful friend of the slave, will glad
embrace the opportunity thus afforded them
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06
ALEXANDER HUNTER,
Marshal Of the District of Columbia.

instantly repaired to the Government MN
.]7uciion, but found myself a few minutes too
late to witness the sale. | was, however,
informed that there was a good deal OF COM
petition among 'he irade' and quite a number
were present. A noted dealer, known 10 the
colored people here as Rev. Mr.. Williams,
was one Of the most spirited bidders.
] was glad 10 learn, however, that Jcaero-
ience outbid sc5f>hness. Some kind-hcaricd
gentlemen became the purchasers of these
two femaIes-prgfesSorS IF redgion-and the
United States receives into its treasury $3.50!
What has the North to do with Slavery ?
Is the seizure and sale OF these women pro-
vided for in the Constitution
The voters of the Free States have long
held the key TO the slaves prison-house in
Washington, but they hare nerer toH their
Representatives 70 turn back the b0R
1t is Tie rOiers cfthe North who have MADE
this fair City the maa-mGrkei q lie Nation,
1t is the NORTH that furnishes Satan with
his sentinels, TO guard and defend these
deeds.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06

~ An interesting article from the Anti
Slavery Standard in relation to the Brazilian
slaves will be found on our first page. 1t
contains however, one sentiment from which
we dissent. The editor, speaking of the trea-
" with Brazil, and the alledged protection
it gives to her slave property (under the gen.
eral term of property when broughtinto this
country, goes on 10 say,
sour Federal Government, we can readily
believe, has always been corrupt enough to
make treaties with such a meaning, but till
it is bold enough to declare so in express
terms, every tribunal is bound to give to its
words a construction favorable to freedom"
This seems to us a great mistake. In all
cases, the meaning the contracting parties
place upon a treaty when made, is the sense
in which these parties should be bound by
it. If the government will repudiate a trea-
ty which under the term property includes
slaves, as is alleged in this case, or if the
people will repudiate the government that
made it, well and good but if the under
standing of both the contracting parties was
that which the Brazilian captain claims, then
so far as the observance of the treaty is con
cerned, it became as much the duty of the
Judge to remand the slaves to the captain al
it is to deliver up the fugitive slave unde
the contract made with the southern States
Both treaties should be regarded as equally
binding, and we should no more feel at lib
erty to give to the Brazilian treaty ''a con
s%truction favorable to freedom" when sucl
was not the meaning Of the parties, than W.
would thus conslrue the u. S. Constitution
because the word slave is not mentioned
therein.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06

party questions Of the day. He who is not
fer us is against us. For your kind express
sion Of feeling toward me, in communicating
the resolution, accept my sincere acknow-
Judgement.
With great respect, | am, &c.,
j. G. CALHOUN.
Samuel A. Wales, Esq.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06

SALE OF CHRISTIAN WOMEN AS SLAVES, ny
run GENERAL G~ovERNMEsr, AT puBLtC
AUCTION, ron MoNEY 70 cAnny ON THE
WAR AGAINST Mexico!
Correspondence Of the Boston Which,
Washington, d. c. July 10, 1917.
Mr.. EDlroR-I received a short note this
morning, without signature, informing me
that two females, (who have been for some
time confined in the United States Stare
HarehDuSc in this city, and in whose wretch
ed condition ! had previo' sly taken some in
%tprest.) would be sold at 10 o'clock. for the
benefit of the United States. | Immediately
procured the UIion, and found in it the fol-
lowing az advertisement:
MARsHAr's SALs-In virtue Of five seyc-
ral writS of Gcri fa,jos, issued from the
Clerks Office of the Circuit Court OF the
District Of Columbia for the County oI
Washington. and To me directed. | shall eN-
pose Ia public sale for cash, on Tuesday, the
18Th inst. at the south front door Of the jail
of said County, at the hour of 10 O'Clock, \.
VI. the following property, viz
One negro woman named Elizabeth, ahont
the age oI sixty years; and one negro girl'
named Caroline, abunt the age Of twenty
years seized and levied upon as the proper
iy of Henry Miller. and sold TO satisfy judi
cials No.. %, for October term, 1917, Ia IA
vor of the United States, and against said
Henry Miller.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06
Exhibition

The Pupils of the Cincinnati High School,
attended by the principal Hiram s. Gilmore,
design giving exhibitions in music, decla-
nation, &c., at the following named times
and places.
Monday, 9th, Canton;
Tuesday, 10th, Leesburgh;
Thurs g. Fri, 18th e. 18th, Newark
Saturday, llth, Lancaster;
Mon. d Tues, 10th a. l7th, Circleville
Wednesday, 18th, Bloomingsburgh
Thursday, 10Th, Wilmington;
Friday, Goth, Yankee Town.
Anti-slavery bugle. [volume] (New-Lisbon, Ohio) 1845-1861, 1847-08-06
Anti-SlayCry Books

Kept constantly on hand by ]. Elizabeth
Jones, among which are
The Forloru Hope.
Burlcigh's Death Penalty.
Voices of the True Hearted.
~Auli-Slavcry Alphabet.
Madison Papers.
Narrative of Douglass.
The Liberty Cap.
Brotherhood Of Thieves.
Shareholders Religion.
Christian Non-Resistance,
Disunionisi, &c.
n. b. Most Of fhe above works can be
procured Of Betsey II. Cowles, Austinburg.