The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1847-06-28

By THE MAILS.
Affairs in Washington.

' i's commerce Of .fsis-- The Way to Secure
me hthnus Of Tehuantepee
! ~ Vi tue navy, largely acquainted from expe-
a ps'sonn observation with the subject of which
ne treats mas submitted TO three several r,,h.- ~
an original paper on the Pacific trade embr..lng ~.
proposition of ship canal or railroad .ero.s a., -,
OF Tehuantepec as one plan-and OF railroad from, ,h
lower waters OF the Mississippi to San Diego nm
the Pacific, lat 81 20-nesry In straish, lati,ua,.
line from the Paso Del Norte, about luiawsv IN ,h
routes line which would The Colorado OF Gait
forna twenty miles above ts dcboohure into tn.
gulf The following number Is confined to the is,hmus
of Tehuanepec and the commanding influence of hold
ing the advantages of the trade Of the world The
two succeeding numbers especially devoted 20
the railroad across the Pacific through Southern
frontier States of Louisiana and Texas and thenos
through New Mexico and Alta California to San Diego
on the Pacific. We submit them without further
mark to the Herald
Some Remarks upon the Tsthmus Of 1ehusnssPec and
Railroad from the LoVer MssissPpi to San Diego,
in California.
BY AN OFFICER OF THE U. s. NAVY.
The advantages Of canal the isthmus If prac
ticab supposed would be the much greater qusnti
ty of cargo and continuous voyage II has been stat
ed that ships Of the capacity Of thlrtytwo gun frgatc
(l200 tons) could pass through it, IL would also be
somewhat but not materially. shorter than the
from the Lower Mississippi Either OF these would III
minish the distance the East Indies by
sixteen THOUSAND miles, while the passage would
bnc two other safety and more
comfort If there be n canal across the sthmus, of
the depth and stated this would be preferable
any other route but IT railroad should be found the
only alternative Its necessary distance il short-but
about thirty-sx miles This last Is Internationally a
practicable scheme II would not however, be attend
ed with great ADVANTAGES beyond those of n railroad
from the Lower Mississippi to San Diego II consider
the great number Of auxiliary railroads In Mexico
which would result from the construction Of the main
the continent. Several Of these would
to he great rivers OF the West and several make d.
rect junction with the main railroad. The whole
try would by this means bear its tributary produce ami
manufactures far necessary the main railroad
to find market in Asia and to receive In return the
region Of the earth. The wealth of the world passed
into route and into hands, by the voyage Of
Vasco de Cana. The Venetans had become. from poor
islanders, fugitves with such effects tho great multi
tude could carry with them the greatest maritime pow
trade through Alexandria The ocean route disclosed
by Cana caused the extinction OF the Aexandrian
her comnarative snp.riority The imuuisc hoysver
which had given rendered her still powerful for two
centuries longer Such Is the effect Of long continued
enriching commerce
Portugal derived from the eastern countries a compa
ratve superiority which spread her language and colo
nzaton greater extent the GLOBE than that Of
any other modern people whose territorial area in
feror to the large sized States 1t her the
that enabled her to seize and hold rich countrynear
ly onethird of South Amerca-as well to throw of
the yoke which had fastened upon neck Ivy
the expulsion Of the mperious and powerful Spanard
greatly her numerical superiors.
SO lucrative this eastern commerce, that
count OF 1t the Moors, we have already stated in
trgued for the destruction Of CANA while he had
yet completed his and continued their efforts
had arrived India The Sultan Egypt then
powerful mahomedan prince, viewed the corners
with the most hostile feelings, and sought their ruin by
open war, within short time after their first voysge
The of the Sultan of Egypt upon the
account Of it, form proofs equal magnitude. hsto
these hostiities Enraged with the interruption his
trade had already received the Sultan resolved pre-
the Christians in his domnions If the Of Rornr
would not order the king of Portugal to withdraw his
fleets for from the eastern One Maurus,
| mr. his haasa dor tn NM nd hut
place OF promises OF compliance he returned with the
severer threats of Emanuel War was now determined
by the Sultan and most formidable feet sixty vessels
OF which larger than the Portuguese, manned with
Turks experienced in sent TO the assistance of
the ZaInorim But by the superior naval skill aud
mantle bravery Of Alueyda and his son Lorenzo the
mighty armament defeated
Not by any deficiency In the of this trade
but by the tyranny and folly ~ the late vceroys Of India
whom they sent out, did the Portuguese gradually lose
IT, So far Europe II concerned has after Of
contests and revolutions passed into the hands prnei
pay Of the English who have the capital to carry on,
and who would under the change OF the routes
still como in for enriching share OF it. America would
claim other benefit than that which might arise
the right Of way and her proportion Of capital
ployed its construction refer Of course the capt.
tai OF her citizens She would desire other control
with respect to the shmus OF ehuantepec in this mat
than Of negative character, to prevent impos
ton the commerce OF her citizens and to give secr
ty to that She would treat 1t great work
OF philanthropy for the common veal Of mankind ;
well for her profit. In the route from the Lower
Mississippi she would while keeping in view phanthro
pie claim privileges exclusive mas
much the whole railway would be upon her soil
The length Of n railway, Of which San Diego would be
the outlet may be variousy estimated. II making ma
vgable point of any intervening river portion Of the
distance, might probably be diminished two three
hundred miles. But will proceed the supposeon
of n continuous railway. II Mr. " hitneys railway be
feasible and worth constructing (Which the New ork
Legislature has voted with but dissenting voice.
one twice as long ms that from the Lower Mississippi
beginning hundred miles Whereabouts above New
Orlesps-mor feasible and worth constructing IL
this railway which is in a far prefera BILE climate; which
DeRiu "a Ia, near
completed its wonderous length OF course would start
the bosom of the great Mississippi would be borne to it,
junction with the railroad the productions Of a valley
snrpassns IN capacity, 10, most .. the ,SDstantai pro-
nented by e-fourth The fertile land upon the route
Of the railway itself considerable Among other
dences of this have the letter OF Mr. John Hughes
published in the Union, of May llth The introduction
of the editor commends to general attention perus-
although this letter has reference to different route
yet its account of the productions of that region makes
II Of value to any route There be reasonable
doubt whatever that there considerable and proba-
bly, large tracts other portions Of the proposed railway
equally productive. This valley abounds in the rich
est European and Asiatc luxurisnce and variety Mr.
Hughes speaks feengy OF those elegant clusters of
dried grapes preserved lar superior 20 the best rat
peaches, apples ounces, and figs, produced in the
richest profusion Add to the fruits and wines Of this
rich valley vast quantity OF corn wheat, and other
small grain and the surplus productions Of the place
WILL under its present state of agriculture amount 10
one million Of dollars per annum' What ths1,
would II become What Developments Of natures
fertility would be made in this and other extensiye
tions through which long railroad must pass, IN
latitude favorable to various and substantial produc-
tions The general aluby Of the region Of ~ transit
may also affirmed Of this particular locality Mr..
Hughes AYERS the climate Of this country Is most
lubrous and beautiful
Providence manifestly preparing the world Mt
large greater intellectual and moral changes OF value
nd interest than have before been
witnessed Franklin drew the lightning from the clouds
aud put upon the track Of making new discoveries
In a deeply interesting branch OF science and Mcrse,
his equal in phosophic acumcn has sent the lightning
TO with the breadth of any continent
Science Is advancing 10 Its utmost possibility Of spp
cation and the OF the concert of mind with mind
and of the favorable action OF mind upon mind
be approaching the highest practicable Improvement
order OF things IL evidently in rapid process VI de-
veopcment, by which man shall be qualified, to the
greatest extent Of his mental and physical ability to ex
orcisc the highest moral and industrial innucuce
external nature. The command to rcpensh the earth
and subdue - has heretofore been very mporfcctly
obeyed In the language Of recent British review with