Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1847-06-12

nsvor ol the adoption OF the existing Constitutions
whch equally opposed, the hand the longer
continuance of the loose aud mbecle Conederacy which
superseded. and the other a system Of centrsza-
consolidation in which the rights and the sovereign.
~ Of the States should be entirely merged.
la very short mc however, the phrase losing its orr
gnal signhcaon applied OF the great par
lies. which, after the existing Constitution wen,
into operation, the people divided One OF these parties
led by the elder Adams wished strengthen the Ereeu
frs department Of the newly formed Government. while
the other under the lead Of Thomas Jefferson desired
weaken that branch by rigid Interpretation OF its pow
and duties. and to imPar much vigor posi-
ble to tie House Of popular branch
Of the Legislative department, in which, guided BY
the lights OF hist ny, tho Sage Of Monticello and his
associates perceived, the people ultimately conhdo
tor the preservation and purity OF their free institutions
and indeed for the Of the experiment of self
government which had been commenced under such
pcous circumstances The former these newly formed
parties assumed the appelaiion of Feerass-the latter
OF RepEbIeans; and this division, founded confessedy
upon struggle the hand extend the Limits
al Executive power and, the other, with
ing the strict letter Of tho Constitution. continued until
oil questions OF merely domestic character came 10 be
regarded Of subordinate interest in comparison the
critical condition OF relations with the leading Powers
Of Europe. which, after ual Of Embargo and Non. In
laws resulted in tho War OF 1912. The second
Term OF Mr.. Madsons Administration expired soon after
the close of that and he OF the vrtuOus
OF our Chief Magistrates, succeeded by Mr. Monroe
under whose mild and tolerant Administration "ho era of
good feelings was usheTed iD amidst the shouts and
CALCULATIONS OF the people every whee-od party lines were
oberaod and the appellaons themselves by which they
had been distinguished, scarcely ever mentioned
The Federal party in fact dissolved and scattered and
many Of its leading members deemed not unworthy
TO hl tho highest offices under Republican President
Tho monster, Parry Spirit, Ito zen. Jacksou's ener
gehc expression, IN las celebrated stter Mr.. Monroe
sdvsing him call Fedcalists and two Republican,.
into his Cabinet eieciuay crushed. There was IN
fact, Political Jubilee For the space of eight or ten
perfect calm prevailed, scarcely ripple being seen
the great OF Public Opinion, which, for nearly
twenty years previously, had been vexed and agated by
perpetual storms
Such the state Of things. when tho Revolutionary
line Of Presidents ended with the expiration OF Mr. Mon
Toes second term and the people required select
his successor from younger generation Three OF the
members OF his Cabinet, Crawford Calhoun and Adams
with two other distinguished gentlemen Gen Jackson
the hero OF New Orleans, End Mr. Clay the great Orator
and Staesman brought forward by their respective
friends as competitors for the office. feeble and abor
tive effort then made by the friends one Of the can
ddaies, 10 revive obsolete party Mr.. Crawford
though ardent friend OF National Bark and Of other
pronounced be- ederof in their origin and
character pronounced the Republican" candidate
par excellence although among his supporters were found
many individuals who had formerly held prominent posi-
lions the Federal pany Without however infinitely ira
eng the that time for which have neither time
space, suffice TO tina, the Struggle which common
ced ia 1924 evenuaed in the triumph in 1925, Of Geul
Jackson, whose Administration may be said to have extern
dcd through period Of twelve Van Buren, being sub
santiay his appointed successor and not following al
ways the old Ioros footsteps, departing from them
without the previous sanction of his Mentor. Among the
leading friends Of Jackson sud Van Buren, and the most
efficient supporters OF their Administrations, were TO be
the eminent survivors Of the old Federal party
some of them even of the Hartford Convention school!
who had forgotten Urgven Gen. Jacksons decaraton
that II he had been the military commander the district,
which that assombsge met he would have
besitaied to hang its members under the 2d Of the
Rules and Articles OF War. Dung that remarkable and
sVcntul period parties designated By appeaons
sprung existence The friends Of the Administrations
the inst time assumed the title Of Democrats tick ling the cara
Of the people while they 10y usurpaons dan
gerousy enlargng the limits Of Executive Power until H.
naly the edics Of the President became virtually the laws
Of the land-edcs, into compliance with which Congress
auguod, and at others ovcrawod by the Do
puAriy OF the Chief Magistrate with which its members
lacked courage to come IN conflict, aud which were on
more than one issued in defiance Of existing lat .
and in others despite Of the refusal OF Congress to pas
such laws. in obedience to the will oi the President -
And yet these rhus occupying the Old Federal ground
but going much farther than that party dared to ven
great Apostle OF Repubeanism, Thomas Jeiiorson BY
whose example aud writings they every moment re-
buked; while the Wigs, who ftmIy resisted these
aud violent encoachments upon the Consitu.
'on and upon the independence aud legitimate authority Of
she Legislative department were, and still are falsely and
hbsurdy branded a. Federas's!
Have insisted The original ground Of distinction be-
the Republican end Fedora prrtcs The NATIONAL
lnteigcnoo IN the of able article ON his sub
iect IN reply the Executive Organ enables us t
this question: by brief quoiaton from letter written b
Me- Jefferson IN 1873 TO the elder Adams Mr. IeHcon
using the terms "Whg ond Tor" Synonymous with Re.
publican aud federolist, snswes 1t thus:
The terms of"whie" aud "Tory" belong to natural a.
we'll civil history They denote the temper and CON
sututon OF the mind Of different ndyiduas To com, IN
country and 10 tho times when you and became
first acquantod well remsnbcr the violent parties which
sRsied tc old Congress, aud their bitter contests There
you aud were together, aud the Jays anI the Dickinson,
aud other neutrality-suspicious. auayod tgan.t o., They
cherished toe monarchy Of England, aud the rRhs of
our counifymen. When present Government was On
the new passing from Confederation 90 Union how bitter
the schsm between "Feds" aud "Aniics" Hero won
aud were together aga'n Bot % fthe Govern.
mentl was put M motion, tho line of division was fgair
drawn. We broke into two parties. each wishing 90 give
che Government different direction The OHr 4, ff,,cfb,g
ihf ne" P'psi" TaHeh. iA' other The more permsHenf
gdnehef end o. srisnd hc psImHHcHcs. Here YOU sId
feparaed for the hrst lm, and We had been longer
Than mnst ohes on The public lhonfo aud our nanc there
fore were familiar counuyncn the ,arty sbi,b
considered you s' thinking with tlom. placed your n,uo
their besd no othsf Tor the reason elected ils
Our necessarily basy and superficial gluce al be BIZ.
tory II the last twenty years sufficient TO satisfy eyoy
candid mind thai the Wings OF the present day occupy the
old Republican platform, while their opponents although
claiming to be Che only authorized e1pouudef. of the Re-
puoean creed are 'n Truth advocating tho very principles.
(Which, however 'bey push ar beyond thu eim of an
cent cdctalism of e school of Hamilton Jaw and ,
elder Adams Bot the Administration Of sex con and Va,
Barren, monsousa' wete the powers snd pfeogauves ep
claimed BY The Executive department. have been thr1sp
the shsde. 30 ihs respect by that of Mr. Polk W,
need onumefae The many n-ancos Co which We have
sotequouty heretofore referred which be-, hes Transcend
"a hs constitutional power The ia which We ore On
Gagged ctsmplc Of fsgrant usurpauon Of Authority
compared with which ell previous attempts enlarge Oh,
boundaries OF Executive powcr sink into abspute iupnG
The removal Of the Deposcs BY Gen Jackson a "
ssnun o existing statute and the OF his specie cif
culaf The sbsoueo Of all legal authority which Conges