New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-12-02

in the egg. sssghsz
Mex. we have the lobster tribe-,,s 49,
which occur In the secondary STRAIT. essk4kk8
We know that crabs stand higher than the obs
ter and there are less OF these external ap-
pendages in the tail Of crabs-which append
aces are bv no means indicative Of superb
ority: therefore we consider the crab as higher
than the lobster But the crabs begin to appear IN
the chalk just aiter the existercs OF the longsaed
crustacea.
owe have given the orderof succession OF these
types agreeing with the gradstion Of form now in
existence. when We consider only their orgaR1a-
ton. | could mention the first appearance OF the
wingless insects, with form allied TO that OF the
spider and the scorpion tribes,-the only ones are
found ia the coal deposi.iOni those with wings
analogous TO the more perfect insects, beginning
and occurring in the secondary strata, in the beds
OF chalk and the oOlitc series
So we have in all classes the lowest existing
first. and OF invertebrated animals al classes ~
existence at once because worms have been found
from the beginning. SO there can be no doubt
that II all classes began to exist simultaneously,
their lowest types occurring hfst and their higher
types appearing IN succession, great variety be-
ing established only during the existence OF Man.
What are the facts with vertebrated animals
We find fishes only in the older strata. In The
secondary strata reptiles prevail considerably, with
some indication Of birds, aud al very late epochs
another indication OF mammaia- But IN the teTtl.
ary beds we find reptiles, birds, mammslia and
fishes animals which illustrate all the types OF Tor
mer epochs But do We find tie first fish called
inio existence TO be the lowest BY no means
The types OF those first sted must be considered
the highest in their class The first class that
isted are the ganoids-those covered with ensmeled
scales ia which we see some likeness 10 reptiles
and in fact Indicative of higher orders which were
not existing at that time.
Then again at another epOch-Thcn reptiles be
gan 10 exist in the secondary strats-we do not had
batrsehans first bnt reptiles allied 20 the crocodile
the HhizOdOnis-which ind by their charac.
ter and FORM a likeness 70 Mammalis. which were
called into existence later There - great re-
semblance between these and cetacans-so great
that in some respects difficult to distinguish their
bones from cetacians.
Again, we find pteyodacfyies, as allied to birds
which were called into existence later
So we see that the first Is n the oldest verte-
brated classes which introduced are the highest
among themselves They are prophetic types IN
dicatng the future existence OF other types AZ
later epoch, and il we trace all these senes we can
90 so far rs to see that the order Of succession IS
such that there is only one chain Ia the whole series
of tebratcd animals indicating from the begin
ming an intention 10 introduce At last Man, the
highest type, at the head Of creation.
And this point Of view allows us 10 consider the
vertebrated animals A. the only ia which there
is progression OF this peculiar kind, in which the
first step il already indicative OF another higher
step till the complete series IS accomplished.
ii would take me much beyond the limits OF my
time If were to enter into the details OF all these
types Let me only show that these types sue
MOI ia,,rasiuvreu as derived from each other. Ihey
NAV he considered rs entirely independent OF each
other and only connected IN the idea OF the creator
in the same manner as these facts OF "hich We
showed n succession, are connected, not materially
INIT in our minds only All these fishes though they
have analogy 10 reptiles are nevertheless by theh
characters true fishes they have fms, gs, verte
bral column, and articulated fingers In toe form OF
siroulsrlv modified fins with numerous rays. Even
In different strata Of the primary rocks we ma hshes
of different genera and species. We Ind 10 the
secondary strata again other hshes-snd what Is
singular the moment the class OF reptiles oeglh 10
/ exst these fishes no longer show 50 strong IKE
| rs IN reptiles. but begin to resemble more the
6shes of cur own day. la the cretaceous series we
| nave all the types now 10 existence. though ne
genera with bony spine. dentated scales anu hutI
/ olied fins on the back show no indication oil exist
ence in the ancient strata
Bpt reptiles which first exist, assume all charsc
ters we ind in the beginning among fishes But
can they considered as derived from those hsnes
NJ more than anv OF our living species can De De
/ rived from another. There has never been spe-
] cies derived from another. We have Always seen
the order OF reproduction remain WITHIN .ue n e
raj limits of the species and II never passes rom
| one 10 another IL must be maintained as ha'u'
raj law that one species will not produce another'
for what does not take place now sannot De shnni',
ted 70 have taken place in other epochs II II asa
been So We should find intermediate iorns, ana III
I such A manner that they could be shown 10 nave
/ been derived from different species existing pre-
| viopsIv In fact the anatomical characters In rep
/ tiles are such that there must have been chanse
I in structure aud such change Is never assumed eA,
I cent in varieties which can be found Ia uioes VI
/ domesticated animals when the races are mixed
These effects entirely different rom tose y,
Succession of different species in geological epOcns
Z L. o. VaI
ancient fishes and the reptiles Of later pv'o"-
Ibis change Of character in fishes when the rep
tiles begin 10 exist, ard then the renewed CHANGES
ia the successive ep0Chs as indicating merely 'na'
at such epochs the plan contemplated al the oeSie
ming has actually been effected, and these nlo1il-
cations, which were intended 70 carry on tne prD-
rress up TO the appearance Of Man nave OeeN
gradually accomplished by the Creator
There is therefore, in this view grahatloh 10
all vertebrated animals There Is no such IN me
invertebrated they were intended 70 be comPan
ions of the vsrtebraced throughout the geological
epochs, improving TIL they acquired tht srsa' "a
ri.ty which now accompanies Man whis type o.
vertebrated animals was intended " be the stocA
from which the highest type should spring iortn Al
the latest epoch then o. mad all that variety 10 tht
lowest animals Therefore We conclude toat Man 4
not only the highest group 10 creation out IS 'n'
} lat intended type. We can even 20 farther, anc
thai this having been the intention OF the Crea
~ rom The beginning. We can expect no highe
nroeress or new development. The creation o
Man IS the highest possible Development IN th'
| progress OF Creation.
Ia this view we are borus out oy other iacts
For though the different geological types have beef
; introduced upon different points of the surface
our eiobe-snd though as have stated, animal
in different parts OF the globe are constantly CIR
cgmseribed-Msn at last began to be dIhused. am
~ acquire A power over Nature which no otne
| s,scias ever had. AT no epoch mas any specie
, ever rad such MARX ed superiority over another
Man Ia. now over the lower creation.
B AGAIN. when in any point OF vles We oomPar
Z he sr,uctnre of MAJ, We can see that be was ih
at object intended. You remember tnst hshe
nave brain very little larger than the spinal ma
row and il Is placed horizontally with the verteoI'
! Column. the class OF reptiles begins 10 raise Il
mad In the class OF birds the head rises stl hist
e. bat 10 Man position 10 assumed TO which the
; ,.no .uosrior He stands erect-wIth large bra
! and . Mead Of such spherical form that there
4 No imorovement possIble-but the highest degre
~ reflection is realized on that plan. Then Il v
80 in connection with this, the fact tia. n n
.u~rs..on OF types the different species Of aain1
are contned 20 particular localities asd Man sPres
eli ovsr m. surface Of toe earth have an unnli
n -. Asr l- n