Baltimore commercial journal, and Lyford's price-current. [volume] (Baltimore, Md) 1840-1849, 1847-10-16
THE POLITICAL STATE OF EUROPE
Switzerland, Italy, and Germany

Switzerland, Italy, and Germany
The De,ltsche SchnellpoSt in New York has avery
able and enlightened correspondent in Europe as is
eynccd by his views the condition OF the prnci-
nal nations of the cid world. We extract the fol-
lowing from his letter for August:
In Switzerland, the Diet has come together, and is
dscharging the affairs OF the Federation IN hOsral
Bcrnc, and under the guidance OF Ochscnbeln, the
former leader OF the Free Volunteers. In spite OF
all diplomatic notes of warning, OF which Austria
and France especially take care that there shal DC
no lack, the liberal party, which, since the RcNoiu-
ton in Geneva and W aadt had the majority In the
Diet, goes straight forward on IFS course In the
first sittngs, the following measures were carried
by twelve full and two half votes: FIRST the dsso-
luton of the Sondcrbund Especial union OF the Cath"
Ollie Cantons, as prcludcial 10 the Federation; Sc
cond the cashcrng of all officers in the army OF the
Federation who render farther service to the Sohder
bund: and third, prohibition against accepting or
wearing any foreign orders and decorations In the
subsequent sessions, the following measures were
brought forward and carried by the same majority:
First the immediate employment OF ctilcacIouS mea-
sures to dissolve the refractory Sondcrbund second,
the removal of all Jcsuits from Switzerland; and
third the revision of the articles OF Federation with
the express design of forming from the former union
of % small canton republics, one single military
Swiss Republic on the model of the United States.
These resolutions and those which will yet be adopt
cd by the Diet of the greatest importance TO the
other States of Europe. Switzerland, military
republic would become truly (morally) power of
the first rank, and in the midst OF monarchlcai Eu-
rope would offer the dangerous spectacle OF flour
ishing and powerful Free State. Moreover, il would
assume new position in the European system OF ba-
lance of power and become most important ally 10
the Continental powers of Middle Europe Austria,
acting in the spirit and tendencies OF the old Meter
Mich Saf quo policy, opposes this design IN inc most
decided manner and on condition of being silent as
TO the Spanish marriage, and not making common
cause with Lord Palmcrston, has made sure OF the
cooperation of France against liberal switzerland
NJ Guzot, to the obligations he has thus assum-
ed has already sought to iutimidatc the Diet, by
note sent to President Ochscnbein, by his ambassa-
dor NJ Bots lie Compile. In this he threatens them
with an intervention of the great powers; put mas
produced quite as little effect when he complained
10 the Diet that Herr Jenny editor OF the GuchhdS-
ten "a national paperl had hung the Cross OF the
Legion of Honor on his dogs neck, which turned out
not to be the fact.
To the French Assambassor, threatening an inter-
vcntion, Herr Ochsenbcn replied, Good! 1t the Tor
cgn powers wish to play 'rG bdnque' we Will play
with them and that is the feeling OF all the liberal
part of Switzerland In the fathcrland OF Tell there
rcgns firm resolution to permit no guardianship no
interference of foreign powers in the internal AFFAIRS
of the country. Quite as firm is the resolution TO
meet force with force, and not to be TERMED by
threats of an Intervention, or by the intervention
itself. But such a measure is an experiment on
which neither Metternch nor Guizot will lnconsl-
dcratelv venture. Switzerland, with its glaciers,
mountain passes, ravines, orrcnts-with It's warke
and disciplined population, and with the PATRIOTISM
which conquered at Murten and Scmpach-ls no Por-
tugal where intervention requires but few SHIPS
OF and where arbitrary acts ~ uHpuHiSHSu' IL
Switzerland, soldiers must be sent, and there soldiers
are men; more than that they come of the laborinS
classes in whose heads new ideas have already lit
up their flames; the French soldiers would fight
badly, or at all, against liberal Switzerland For
this reason the design here seems to be 10 leave Aus
tra alone the actual defence of the Sonderbund and
10 do more than cooperate Automatically, block-
ade the frontier by an army OF observation ana by
ycXatious commercial regulations. But in this case
the cowardly scryity of the July government, Its
yielding and clingng TO Austria, its Condottien SER
vice the of absolusm and retrograde, makes
a wrctchcd impression. If they come TO blows you
NAV be assured that more than 100000 Frenchmen,
Poles Spaniards and Italians will hasten from France
TO the Alps fight volunteers in the ranks OF tree
Switzerland against Austria And if Switzerland
conquers and gains her freedom these foreign egons
can easily become the model and nursery, the young
guard of freedom to France herself.
In Italy, affairs are vet worse, and thus Austria is
no less impotcnt than France and Switzerland. The
two powers, allied to the disgrace OF the Revolution
of July, had already succeeded in checking the for
ward career of the Pope. In the college OF Cardi-
nails they had excited suspicion, had shaken GiZzi,
the Secretary of State and thus forced certain retro
grade measures upon the Pope. In sorrowtul aston
ishment the people Of the Romish State, fallen from
all their dreams, saw their sovereign, who shortly
before had inspired in them the noblcst hopes, led
out of his path. A universal excitement and termen
tation seized upon them. The holder fastened TO
Law before the Pope the true state OF public opinion,
while a petition, with thousands of signatures, be-
sought the immediate organization Of the National
Guard as the only means OF maintaining peace, order
and the security OF persons and property Plus IN,
at once comprchcnding that the danger to himself
and the State came not from the people, but from
without and from rctrogressivc ntrigues within, or
dcred the organization of National Guard; and Car
diual GiZZi, to whom the measures seemed entirely
too revolutionary, gave in his resignation. The Pope
accepted it, contrary TO all expectation, and summon
ed the honest enlightened and truly tree-thinklng
Cardinal Ferret to take his place. Ferret arrived
in Rome, and on the evening before the anniyer-
sary of the amnesty, man OF the people, called
Nub ANGELO BruuPttl.
a tavern keeper by profession, but the most popular
and influential man in Rome, discovered conspi-
racy against the Pope and the new order OF things
At its head were Cardinal Lambruschni, Della
Genpa Bernetti, Grasselini, the Governor OF Rome,
Col Frcddi, and the Austrian Ambassador, Count
Iutzow. Their plan was, at the fire works on the
anniversary of the amnesty by means Of agents in
structed for the purpose, 10 produce conflict be-
tween the popuace and the troops, and in the general
bloodshcd to seize the person OF the Pope and the
direction of affairs. AT the same time Austria was
to send troops against the city, while Naples was TO
occupy the territories; and thus all was TO be restor
ed to the old condition The 18th Of July was ap
pointed for the breaking out Of this counter revolu
ton; and on the morning of that day, two Austrian
battaons of Croats, 500 strong, with cavalry, and
cannon suddenly crossed the Pc and entered Ferra-
ra and spite Of all proestations of the Papal Le-
gate Cardinal Grach, took post with loaded muskes
and burning matches. But they came IN vain. In
Rome all was discovered, the National Guard organ
lied and armed the spot, maintained public order,
the Governor, Sig. Grassclini, was deposed and fled
TO Naples, Col fcdul ana olheT commissioner ON
GERS escaped TO the Austrians at Milan, leaving i'm
portant papers behind which removed all doubt as
10 the reality, extent and aim of the conspiracy.
Hcnceforth for Plus IX to reccde is impossible. He
knows his enemies and understands that he can build
only on the affections of his people; hand in hand
with them he will 20 forward Austria, from whom
the mask is now torn must act openly, and perhaps
we may soon her Hungarian Grcnadiers and
Creation sharp shooters marching against the very
prince of Christianity and the Catholic Church. whose
polIutor Mcttcrnich has always claimed to be. But
what will France do? Ask rathcr-Wha can she
do? Support the Pope? No! for The Spanish