The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1847-01-12
By TIL + M A Ills.
Adjourned

WAsHTNcroS, Jan. 10. 1ef.
The Dispute Beticeen the North aud the South The
Missouri Compromise.
In former letter proposed, adjustment Of the
dispute which threatens to disturb the relations
the North and the South to whether slavery shall be
suffered to exist in the territory about TO be acquired in
liquidation of claims against Mexcoa dispute most
needessy in my opinion thrust into tho halls Of Con-
gre at present. proposed that the line of thirty.six
degrees thirty minutes north latitude forming the basis
Of the Missouri compromise. be extended from its pres
ent western limit 10 the Pacific incline to the
belief that the South might be satisfied with this lncI
am very snre the North oughtto be.
An belief prevails that the government has
taken military possession OF Tamaulpas Coahuila, and
chihuahua, with view to tn cir permanent retention
Such il not the case. New Mexico and the CALIFORNIA;
are occupied with that view, and these the only por
tons OF the Mexican territory intends to
annex.
slavery does not at present exist in either Of these pro-
vinces be introduced until it is authorized by
an express act of Congress The fear, therefore that
slavery will creep in such fear he seriously
entertained 10 very idle for tho laws now in force in
California and New Mexico cannot be subverted, ex-
cent by act of and in Congress the Nor, pos
the balance of power ls likely therefore, that
law authorizing the institution OF saverv can pass
without the knowledge or consent Of the latterl
In New Mexico, slavery, from the nature OF the
try and the habits Of the people, cannot be introduced
The department populous, and within its limits slave.
~ at least in the general scceptaon Of the term
known The soil ia not such az slave labor to
render il productive and it is almost If not wholly i'm:
a numerous population, where 1t has never existed.
With the exception of the latter, these remarks apply
equally to per California. The present Dhabitants
are engaged in pursuits which do not require slave la
bor and to transport slaves from any OF the South
States, would cost more than their labor would
pay II is them really puere dread that tho territory
which We are about to acquire from Mexico will be
slave territory.
But then in order 10 dispate this ALARM and salts.
fy all parties the North demand that limit be put to
the spread Of slavery why not extend the line upon
which they agreed in 1920 upon the seme termsl Let
us what these terms sre:-
By an act Of Congress- pesed on the 9th day March
1890 entitled An act to authorize the people OF Mis-
souri, territory to form Constitution and State Govern
men and for the admission OF such State into the Union
equal footing with the original states, and to pro-
hibt slavery in certain territories" II was enacted I'D
rection That in all territory coded by France the
United States under the name of Louisiana which lies
north Of thiryx degrees ard thirty minutes north a,i'
tude not included within the limits Of the state contcm
plated by this sct slavery and involuntary servitude
otherwise than in the pun hmcnt o. crimes whereof the
parties shall have boon duly convicted shall be and
hereby forever prohibited
This provides merely that slavery shall not exist north
Of the line of thirty degrees thirty minutes, at the
time tina IL leaves the existence Of the Institution
south Of that line open question: to be decided by the
people Of that portion Of the territory according as they
might deem best for their interests
By extending this line of thirtysx degrees thirty min
utes the Pacific s that portion OF California which u
now most hicky inhabited would remain free. In this
free territory would be embraced the ports Of Monterey
and San Francisco the former Of which lies IN about 80
degrees 81 minutes north latitude and the latter about
degree further north The question OF slavery south
Of tho compromise line would be left open, in the
Missouri compromise
Iis we'll known that the peninsula Of Lower Cslifor.
min ia desert barren sandy coast divided by
ridge OF mountains running down the centre presents
inducements TO the emigrant and least OF all to emf
grants from the slave states II il only valuable TO- u.
hsrbors and onseaUenily those who might be tempted
TO settle tn ere would do from the prospects Of com,
mcIcial advantages and with aview to the Iursur Of
agricultural occupations. which would be prohiiess
This then, the state Of the case We are about 70
cquire the CALIFORNIA; in which slavery does not exist
at present and in which from the nature Of The present
occupations Of the people, there ue prospect Of us
ever existing ut ali We ebou, 10 acquire New
Mckee in hch slavery does not exist, and IN which,
for tho have enumerated, ~ morally mpossi'
sble ever shall But the north desires to have some
guarantee before she consents 10 their acquisition that
slavery shs exist in these territories and the south
opposes this the ground that il nabe for the
north to make any such demand she regards II
waraniable Interference the part Of the latter and
uDusabe assumption Of partial aud seciou, authority
territory for which tie south has equal right
TO legislas, and she says that the north by reescn