The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1847-09-23

a., ~ ,..,v That portion Of IL, then, nortn OF snuy
an and half degrees will be frss and whether nsvsy
hu or shs not exist south Of that line must % is 70
En-, inhabitants of such southern portion Inc prooe
bnity H. that slavery will not exist tnere
d Questionable IL slave labor would be productive So
much for New Mexico. ST.
In Upper California there is no question at all that
slsv. labor you'd not be productive In the valley Of
the Gs rain never falls or falls in such scant measure
that the parcbed earth absorbs the rihing moisture
without benefit The simple indian tribes who build
their wgwsms its banks the thirsty soil to yield
them bare subsistence. by pouring the water OF the
river Into tn gaps the drought has made With great
toll they e6ntrve to raise little corn, by cutting dykes
from the river right angles with its banks, and inter-
sscting them with others adng to the small pat0"e'
which they cultivate Is that place for slave aooi
Would any slave owner transport his slaves tn''''
great expense with the further risk OF losing 'ne ~
hight ssross the border There Ii no part OF opp'
fornis In which slaves would not be aosolu'eiy 49,.
Some, instead Of being at all advantageous
err In addition to this the country 10 oouhaeu w.
ana .ou,h \. a.. ,.rritorv 10 1t likely the people OF
such . country will ever choose 70 e'.s'"'A
But in NO other case can slavery sxht-thsrefore may
b. ss,d TO b. entirely impossible that slavery should az
lot In Upper California
Lover California consists Of An arid DESERT
Inn from the coast both Sides to the base ct ROCKY
mountainous ridge, that down the middle OF the
pepipsus it, entire length On the Gulf OF California
a well a. on the Pacific 1t has some excellent harbors
which are the only advantages presents The noun
tsns may contain mineral wealth. and in its deveope-
usut slavssbor might be altogether burthensoms
This the only in which slave labor can be en-
ploysd at all the territory about to acquire in
Msxioo but here slave labor could not stand in
composition with that which is free Thus in New
Mexico the question Of slavery Is sstted-n Upper Cali
forns 1t is imposs slavery existin Lover Cali
forna its existence Is barely possblecertsiny not at
Ill probable as it would be entirely Improbable.
or the right of the South to have its peculiar nsttu
tons regarded In the further acquisition of territory it
II not necessary to argue 1t s only necessary to
point the instances In which those peculiar nst
tutons have been regarded in tho disposition Of terri
tory acquired by treaty since the formation Of the
stitutonthose Of Louisiana and Texas In each case
there has been happy compromise, attended by the
best results Now, admitting for sake Of argument,
that slavery IL certain to exist in portion OF the conn
try We may acquire by treaty from Mexico, on what
ground the North which consented to the compro-
mise line of thirtysx degrees thirty minutes In the
Louisiana and Texas object to Its application In
the case Of California! Here will be for ever barrier
between liberty and slavery, extending to the far Pac
fc the western terminus Of our empire. Here will be
final determination of all disputes between the North
and the South on the question Of slavery
But it may be- asked II it Is so extremely improbable
that slavery exist In the California; why insist
Q compromise which permits Its existence In portion
Of that territory The question may very properly be
met by another Az 1t is improbable that slavery
can exist there the necessity of formal deca
ration that It shall not exist? But it must be remem-
bsred that North has made this issue. The South
would b. the territory into the
Union without any preliminary legislation; but as the
North insists that II shalt not in until the question
Of slavery with regard to it Ia settled the south p turn
declares that any rule be applied It must br one
which will absolutely prohibit slavery below the
line rlrssdv twice agreed upoa the dividing line be-
tween slave aud free territory
The Of the Missouri compromise are, that slave
~ shall be prohibited north Of line thrty-six DE-
Er-es thirty minutes leaving the question Of its ex-
tsnos routh of that line to the people of the country
II doss not sstsbsh slavery south Of the liue u
slavery south OF the line necessary consequence Of it
1t true, that in the instances In which the Mis-
souri, compromise has bsen applied slavery exists
south Of the limo; but 1t must be remembered that In
Texas and Louisiana slavery existed prior to the app
cation o. the Missouri compromise In California IL
does exist Between ths there 10 this dii
fsr~ues-that in Texas legislation would have been
osssary abolish slavery California legislation will
b. necessary establish it, 1t eannot therefore, be
gusd broause slavery exists south Of the line IN
Texas and Louisiana, It will also be certain to exist
south of the line in California
But another objection is urged against the application
Of the Missouri compromise line to California 1T hss
bssn vol ted in the Of Texas" How? Slavery
does not exist in Texas north of thrty.six and hall
dssrsss How then? Texas has been admitted into
the Union" t argued under her constitution, which
does not limit slavery to any portion Of the State In
the State Of Texas slavery exists under her constitution
and that State extends far north Of tbrtysix and hall
degrees Thus, slavery existing in the State Of Texas
Il exist in all the State express Limitation ap
pears on the face Of the constitution But r exists
over all the state OF Texas 1t exists north OF the line
Hhity-sx degrees thirty minutes and In this wise the
Missouri compromise In regard to Texas has been VIOLA
ted" This argument 10 speoious but 1t Is sophstical
Are there now any slaves in Texas north Of thrtysx
degrees thirty minutes No. There il no population,
and consequently there alsves IL that portion
Of Texas represented IN the Congress Of the United
States slave territory No; It'll not represented
because 1t 10 not represented at all There yet
two congressional districts In Texas, and neither
braces soy portion Of tbs country north Of hrtysx
and half degrees. But" 1t will still be objected
what will prevent slave from hereafter brp cling
their slaves north Of the liner" In the FIRST place
the fear Of losing them, because by the condition
which Texas was admitted into the Union, slavery
cannot exist north Of the Missouri compromise ne and
In the next place ittins that any slave
owner would b. unwise to settle with his slaves In
territory already declared to be esthe territory north
OF the line can never be represented in the Congress Of
The United states except free territory How this
provsdi joint resolution for annsxng Texas the
United States approved March ls 1916 declares In Its
ssooud section, Of the conditions Of annexation
that in such State States shall formed out Of said
territory north Of said Missouri compromise ue slavery
or involuntary ssrvitude Except for orms be pro
bitsd" The joint resolution Of the Congress Texas
approved June a. ls45 rsotng this condition in the
preamble. declares Its that Texas be erected
to state to be admitted into the United States ION the
terms, guarantees and conditions" set forth in such
preamble, ado ting the Missouri icompromse
and the people Of Texas in general convention passed
an ordinance the 4th of July ls45 asserting to the
conditions of the joint resolution Of annexation thus
again adopting the Missouri oompromise-and the same