Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1847-06-24
yson THE aleHnoSD WHO.
FEDERALISM,

Q
and others OF scarcely inferior celebfify or ce-
sert, which was in favor Of the adoption Of
the existing Constitution. A party was e.
qualify opposed, on the one hand, 10 the lon
ger continuance of the loose and iinbecle
Confederacy which il superseded, and, on the
other, 10 system Of contradiction or CONSOLE
daton, IN which the rights and the sovereign
" Of the States should be entirely merged.
In very short time however, the phrase,
losing its original signi6cation, was applied TO
one OF the two great parties, into which. soon
after the existing Constitution wenilnto opera
ton, the people were divided. One Of these
parties, led BY the elder Adams, wished to
strengthen the Executive department of the
newly formed Government: while the other.
under the lead of Thomas Jefferson, desired
10 weaken that branch by rigid Interpretation
Of its powers and duties, and to impart as
much vigor as possible to the House Of Repre-
charlottesville popular branch OF The Legls-
lative department, in which, guided by the
lights ofhistory, the Sage of Monticello and
his associates perceived The people must ulti-
maiely confne for the preservation and purity
OF their Tree insttutions--and indeed for the
success ofthe great experiment Of self govern
ment which had been commenced under au.
spicious circumstances. The former of these
newly formed parties assumed the appella-
ton OF Fedcraiists--the latter of Republicans /;
and this division, founded confessedly upon
an earnest struggle on the hand to extend the
limits OF Executive power, and on the other,
10 restrain il within the strict letter Of the Con-
s,itunon, continued, ntlall questions of mere
" domestic character came 10 be regarded as
of subordinate interest, in comparison with
the critical condition ofo relations with the
load Dc IF NIB oha fta tr,
al Of Embargo and Non-Intercourse laws, re-
suited in the War o. 1872 The second term
Of Mr.. Madison's Administration expired TO
soon after the close of that contest, and he,
one Of the most virtuous Of our Chief Magis-
irates, was succeeded by Mr. Monroe, under
whose mild and tolerant Administration 'fhe
era OF good feelings" was ushered in, amidst
the shouts and congratulations Of the people
every where old party lines Were obllterated,
and the applications themselves, by which
they had been distinguished, were scarcely
ever mentioned. The federal party was in
fact dissolved and scattered, and many OF the
leading members were deemed not unworthy
70 fill the highest Office under Republican
President The monster, Party Spirit" 90
use Gen. Jackson's energetic expression, in
his celebrated letter to Mr. Monroe, advising
him to call two Federalsts and two Republi-
cans into his cabinet was effectually crush
ed. There was in fact, a Political Jubilee.-
For the space Of eight or ten years a perfect
calm prevailed, scarcely ripple being seen on
the great ocean of Public Opinion, which for
nearly twenty years previously, had been yex
ed and agitated by perpetual storms.
Such was the state Of things, when the
Revolutionary line Of Presidents ended with
the expiration Of Mr.. Momoe's second term,
and the people were required to selec, his sue
cessor from younger generation. Three Of
the members OF his Cabinet, Crawford, Cal
houn and Adams, with two other distinguish
ed gentlemen, Gen. Jackson, the hero Of New
Orleans, and MIR. Clay, The great Orator and
Statesman, were brought forward, by their
respective friends, as competitors for the Of
flee. A feeble and abortve effort was then
made, by the friends of one of the candidates,
10 revive obscure party terms. MIR. Crawford,
though an ardent friend OF National Bank,
and oil other measures now pronounced 10 be
federal" IN their origin and character. was
pronounced as the Republican" candidate,
par excellence, although among his supper
ters were found several individuals. who had
formerly held prominent POSITIONS in the Fed
eral party. Without however, minutely trac-
ing the events of that time. for which we have
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