New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-10-25

.sss Facts Relative to the Structure Of the Poyp'
III ~ Grand Distinctions between Animals and Plants
l.ssiSsiion Of the feg. The Aeaephs Stfuc-
III TAs Jelly-tish. PhosphoTescence OF the Ocean
I ~ Produced BY the Meduse ID Inference between
4 -5ii2s and Meduss. Mode Of Growth Of tins
n -. Discoveries Of Sars. KrOhn and thame $50.
II g.kuodermsta.. INTERESTING Field u lnvesiiga-
Il p Op.n.... Structure Of this Species. Mode Of
Il ,,.,ton. Digestive and Clrculatory Apparatus
o5,pee u Design IN th- Department oi the "oIs Of
caaoh
1 r,nu.,sp GHSTLENES The last lecture was
.,,,ied in tracing the Characteristic features OF
.aolvo.-,he lowest OF the radiated animals. |
l ,..,d how simple, and nevertheless how beauti-
/. ,,d well adapted the structure Of these animals
/, We find in them only one organ and yet we
Il "a amos, all the functions Of animal life. That
| o,su,nn the stomsch--an ample cavity with
,.,ooerpss mouth and hole at the bottom Of
,se sac enptying into the general cavity of the
l s,3y. thus the food when digested is mixed with
,,.er which constantly fills the general cavity Of
! ~ BODY. This mixture OF sea-water is constantly
:, o motion by capillary ella or hair like append
| ~, covering the whole surface OF the internal
III, Is well as the internal cavity OF the tenta.
a isd by the partitions which run from the ex.
! al well OF the animal toward the centre OF that
! t,fy thus filled with water which is then kept in
am in different currents some ascending,
/ isr descending so that there is constantly kept
Il, circulation Of the digested food. The walls Of
!. ,aimsl are permeable 10 this iquid-tbat portion
,,,h is nutritlve remains In the walls OF the ami
\, While the water which has been the vehicle for
3, ood 10 pushed out by the contraction OF the
uinal
4 mere are two exits for the food, either through
/ =, mouth again, or by the small openings in the
,.s,eles. The water which fills the general cavi
4, sp,ers also through the tentacles and the mouth
.tsrnately through one or the other. Blu, rs
. s,,e are muscular iibres similar to the flesh of
nyAer animals which can be elongated by gradual
aa,,scion or expansion this cavity can be alter.
r,tsy shut 30 that BY the contraction OF the mouth
he introduction Of water may be allowed or pre-
vented Tie contents of the stomach may be kept
s,hu the cavity by the contraction OF the lower
soening Of the intestinal cavity. aud again the
,ssiace. can contract at their end and so prevent
he water from escaping and while the digested
sod "a moving with the water within the cavity
sh thu tentacles thus contracted nothing escapes
-bu. after the uutritve portion of the food has
been absorbed by the walls of the animal, then the
water Is allowed to escape through It's mouth as
xeu A. the other opening. An agency or influence
il Undoubtedly exerted upon the surface OF the ami
NAL b. the surrounding water which may be com
pared the respiration of animals that live In tue
water There IL something similar to bronchial re-
'pIraiion IN some OF the lower animals, especially
he nollusca where the action OF the water acts
the fuds In the animals and produces upon them
,tbange which enables the fluid TO become por-
t1a Of the living creature. These changes are
Isy complicated and not all fully Understood
There much room for investig alton With reference
bue changes which the food undergoes in order
nat Itnsy become portion OF the living animal
What il more wonderful than what we see every
ily-i COW grazing and turning the grass into
tan. muscles bone That is constantly going on;
nd different animals produce the same changes
lya COMMON food, with different organs but IN all
aenme result Thus the same food Is transformed
one case into the body of the hare In another
sol bs, Of the deer; aud in another into the body
q he elephant With the same food these AM
.is DO, only reproduce, but create. as II were,
a,r bodies under the influence of the primitive
sieral principle which is the cause of their exis
1ecs
Another system of organs existing in the polypi
rshe ovaries, hanging in punches either In the IN
irnt cavity or outside on the tentaces. These
soiorms have been the foundation OF the two
eat divisions OF the polypi namely, the 0cfin0'-
g tie name derived from the Greek word Tor
~! and the Aydroidd because these animals re-
''nsls that one which has been called the by drs
a tame reminding you oil ieariui animal
sesse harmless, minute, almost microscopic
ci1,s ave rsceiv ed that formidable name.
Ia 1, here pointing to diagraml eggs forming
1as Ter side Some are not isolated as IN this
~ In many instances the eggs hang 10 punches
ay@ have them, for instance, in that diagram
then alluded to other differences in polypi,
sasre some were isolated individuals and others
aablhed the latter budding on one and the same
r. thus forming three large groups OF individuals
s,ied BY their base. IL is peculiarly OF Polypi
sbe fixed on the soil There are no free swimming
rnss among them. Some are attached TO other
sces At the bottom OF the sea. Some are liked
Gvi0 move at will from their location; but there
rs hone among them who swim freely in the wa
N 10 this respect many OF them have some
,asness TO plants, and were indeed long mistaken
= Pants. Even so late as the middle OF the
SIXTEENTH century, naturalists quarreied ABOUT
~s Vegetable or animal nature OF polyps. But
Nso bow fully understood that they belong to the
Ninai kingdom while on the other hand many
Ss.alzations which belong truly to the vegeta
es Aiasaom have been introduced among the poly
p snd must Of course be rejected from that class
soa be again clsssed among the plants There u.s.
aueed' some difficulty IL Distinguishing some OF
NC over types Of plants and animals nave Al
10y alluded TO one grand distinction between
sus@- The existence OF a stomach is CHEF char
ss's'e 81 an animal, and no being should be H.
s ~. INTO the animal kingdom in which stom
eoes not exist Bot as there is great difficulty
- .ss'e''anins In some Of the lower animals wheth-
~ ~Neutotf CtfitS va nv W.
di,,ins~,.A ussnseterstics by which they can be
be ,s., h'a' and We have now very remarka
49,, ~ ~eHh We can determine whether an or
al ,s.n' '.'os na plant or an animal. In the mode
cove, 1--WE. .oa We may, by chemical analysis, dis
Al $3.50 IN animal or plant is before US.
rs,eT, 80 10 respiration assimiate oxygen and
rs.c, sa wa while plants assimiate carbon and
~. I.yesn There is thus a constant antsgon-
Az .s sseen the animal and vegetable Kingdom.
- s.A'nas would die were IT not for the breathing
rs3 md all plants would perish did animals
~ 80 respire. The antagonism is such that the
-N.s tnoGn, OF animals living now consume pre-
-! ne amount Of oxygen which plants expel
- TIE night and by this antagonism between
-, ''nN and vegetable Kingdom thls constant
-s'rying equilibrium Of the atmospheric air
VI -.a'alned. Now when We want to know
n, .sue' We have before US a microscopic animal
~, e'oscopc plant all we have to do is TO examine
.a'-'e Of the gas absorbed or expelled In re-
,,,. sesi may be as certain. That test con
'ue Examination OF the egg. The eggs OF ali
he ano1ssny exception. from the polypi up TO
eat Ss-nsis are identical There is not the slight
aod elence IN their structure-in the internal
he ,e structure OF the eggs Of all classes OF
but ~, - kingdom. There are differences IN SIZE
tamil" structure. The egg Of fish Is fall oil
ihey 80 Ia The class represented in this diagram
ssS,. - ABOUT the size OF a pins head. In some
a M. sfanues are still more minute. Inside
Ala ok there IL another little yesicle which is
- sc Germlnafiva v.s,cla. :, .h.t