The State guard., 1847-09-14

l lhe political blessings which beautifully | flow from it, 10 abide by the compromi ses of the Constitution, and leave the question, where that instrument has left it. 10 the States wherein slavery exists Our f1thers have made this agreement with their brethren of the South: and il is not for the descendants of either par> ", in the present generation, 10 cancel this solemn compact. The Abolition ists, by their efforts 10 annul it, have arrested the natural progress of eman- cipation, and done great injury 10 the slaves themselves
 After Louisiana was acquired from France by Mir. Jefferson, and when the State of Missouri, which constituted pait of il, was about 10 be admitted into. lhe Union. ,he Missouri question arose, and in it's progress threatened the disso, lntion of tho Union. This was settled by l..e men of the last generation. as other important and dangerous questions have been settled, in spirit of mu'nal concession. Under lhe Missouri Com promise, slavery was forever prohibits ed' norIh Of the parallel of 36 deg. 30m.; and south of this parallel the question was left 10 be decided by the people, Congress, in the admission of Texas, following in the footsteps of their pre- decessors, adopted the same rule; and in my opinion ihe harmony of the States, and even the security of the Unian it- self, require that the line of the Missouri oh al b.,a Ia new territory which we may acquire om Mexico
 should entertain the same opinion, even If it were certain that this would become serious practical question: bul that il can never be thus conside, ed must be evident 10 all who have attentively examined the subject.
 Neither tbe soil, the climate nor the productions of that portion of Califor- nia south of 36 degrees SC min. nor in deed any portlon of il. north or south, Is adapted 10 slave labor; and. besides, every facility would be there afforded to the slave to escape from his master.- Such property would be utterly insecure in any part of California. It is morally impossible, therefore, that a maJori'y of the engrans 10 that portion of the territory south of 36 deg. 30 min, which will be chiefly composed of our fellow citizens from the Eastern, Middle and Western States, will ever re-establish slavery within it's limits. In regard 10 New Mexico, east of the Rio Grande, the question has been already settled by the admission of Texas into lEr Union.
 Should we acquire territory beyond the Rio Grande and east of the Rocky Mountains, Il is still more improbable that m Jorly of the people of that res ry. They are, themselves, in q urge proportion, a colored population; ard among them. the negro does moi socially belong 10 degraded race
 The question is, therefore, not one of practical importance. It's agitation, however honestly intended, can produce no effect but 10 alienate the people of dffsren. portions of he Union from each other; 10 excite sectional divisions and inalousles, and 10 distract and pos siby destroy the Democratic party, on the ascendency of whose principles and measures depends, as firmly believe. the success of our grand experiment of self government.
 Such have heen my individual opin- ions, openly and freely expressed, ever since the commencement of the present unfortunate agitation; and of all the pla' ces in the world prefer to put them on record before he incorruplble Demo. cracy of Old Berks. I. therefore, beg lraye 10 offer you the following senii- 1 menf:
 The Missouri Compromise It's adop lion in 1920 saved the Union from ] threatened convusion. Its extension in lS4S to any new territory which we may acquire, will secure the like happy result
 Yours. very respectfully,
 JAMES BUCHANAN.
 Charles Kessler, Esq. President, and George F. Spayd and Jacob Livengood, Esquires Secretaries.