davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1847-06-08
n Alumni of the University OF virgil

" NOTlCE.-The annual meeting of the
Stockholders of :he Louisa Railroad Company will be held
Louisa Courthouse the 10th day OF June next l2
o'clock.
25-w3w W rAITEv
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
OPINIONS OF PHYSICIANS.

Or Townsend is almost daily receiving orders from
physicians in different parts of the Union.
rms Is TO certify that we, the undersigned Physicians
OF the city OF Albany have in prescbed
Dr Iownsend's Ia, and believe it be
market.
II; p Pulling, NJ D., J.Wson, M D. r. B. Briggs,M.D.,
T. n Elmendorf MD Albany, pr l. 1916.
The following is from of the most respectable ply
sicians on Long Islands Greenport july TO- Isis
DIR Townseni-Dear Sir: 1t is with satisfaction that
say 10 you that have recently witnessed, several
cases. The most beneficial results from your Extract of
Sarsaparla Being engaged il the practice medicine,
nave prescribed it in several cases. and without
benefit In The renewal OF diseases arising from de-
ranged state OF the digestive organs aundice &c, far
exceeds any thing othe kind before offered 10 the
public You will please send ire two dozen, &C.
Respectfully yonrs, S. c. PRESTON, NJ d.
Principal office, l26 Fulton St, Sun Building,
New York-Redding 4 Co. No. State ST, Boston-~J
GREEN d co. and M. b. GREEN, WofceSter-and by
principal druggists generally throughout the u States
West Indies, and the Canadas.
None genuine unless put in the large square bottles
which confirm quart and signed with the written sigma
ture OF s. p. TO WNSEND, and his blown on the
sidss' ly6 Feb 3.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
BOSTON n WORCESTER RAIL ROAD
asss fsxszSgs ffIsss.sSssrrs go "A
-tSlS5asV sS HE s<Ss ls-s.
Winfer Advancement

FROM WORCESTER, daily except Sunday,)
With Passengers from the Western Rail ad, at Am
and 4 PM .
With Passengers from the Western and Norwich Ran
Road. at III AM
With Worcester Passengers, at and IT. M emo Pm.
B. The IA NJ. train will take up no pas eheers has
of birmingham - nr-;.h
With Passengers from NewYork by Steamer TO Nor"lcn'
early every day except Monday, stopping oafy al FTGS
ham. ,,lp;,
with Passengers from New York by Long Island Ran.
road every afternoon except Sunday stopping only az
Framingham. ,o,,
FOR zlbanv and Western RalroaJ, Hartford, New Ha
ven and New York, at u anil 81 A. NJ. and 4P. Nj.
For NorwicA and Stations the Norwich Railroad, at
" A. NJ. and p p. NJ.
For Worcester and Way Station at u and 81 AM. 81
and P. M.
N B. The PPM. Train will not stop at any staiitN
East of Framinghrm
For Ailburv. at IA A. NJ. and u P. NJ.
For Nec York via Norwich and by Steamer at o'clk
p. M.
For New York. By Long Isl md Railroad, at u AM.
For Neav York via Hartford and New Haven, at II
FROM MLLBURY.
For Boston ard Way Sta ions daily except Sunday at
Ct A.. and 81 P. M.
SAXONYIlLE TRAINS.
Leave Saxeuville at "a az 10 Am. and Pm.
Leave Bos on at 81 Am. l24 and ST M
Freight Train will lie i've Boston at l2a NJ. for Saxon
vile, taking passengers Brighton, Newton. Needham
and Natick only
Sunday Mail from Wo cester at ia. M-from Boston
I'm.
All Baggage at the risk Gifts
Fares less when id at the Ticket Offices than in
the Crrs. WM PARKER, Supt.
Dec7, lS46. If
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
GREAT FEMALE MEDICINE.

Or Townsends Sarsaparilla Is sovereign and speedy
cure Tor incipent consumption barenness leucorrha
or whites obstructed difficult nation ncontin-
ence oil urine or involuntary discharge thereof and for
he general prOstraon Of the system-no matter wheth
or ne result oinherent causes or produced by Irregular
ity, Illness accident.
Nothing can be more surprising than its invigorating
effects upon the human frame Persons all weakness
ana lassltude befre taking IT, become robust and
iul Of energy under Its influence. Itimmedalely
teracts the nerveessness Of the female rame which
the great cause of barrenness.
IL VIII not be expected OF in cases OF 20 delicate
nature, 10 exhibit certificates OF PERFORMED but
can assure the afflicted that hundreds OF have been
reported TO u.s. Several cases. where families have been
without children, after using few bottles OF this nvau-
able medicine, have been blessed with healthy Offspring
Dr Townsend My wife being greatly distressed by
weakness and general debility, and suffering continually
BY pain and sensation Of bearing down, ining of the
womb, and with other difficulties, and having known
cases where your med cne has effected great cures and
also hearing IL recommended for such have de-
scrlbed, obtained bottle OF Extract Of sarsaparllla
and followed the directions you gave Ia short Pc
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31

rod it removed her complaints and restored her 10
health. Being grateful for the benefits she received
take pleasure in thus acknowledging il, aud ecoinend
ing il to the public NJ. d. MOORE,
corner OF Grand and Lydius-sts
Albany, Aug II, 1874.
DIR Townsend-To all whom this NAV concern . This
is to certify that my wife bottle of your Sarsa-
parila previous to her confinement under the alarm
ing and delicate circumstances being troubled with the
dropsy swelling of the feet, affections very
much debiiltated. With my persuasion, and The
mendation.of those who had used it, she induced 10
Try II, with little faith and suffice ii say The
medicine had the happy and desired effect, not only in
the hours of confinement, but after the expiration Of
week of its use, the dropsy and nervous affection gave
way to an astonishing degree, and her health
Ter IMAM IL has been for long time previous.
If this will be of any service you, any one who
doubts the success of the medicine you entirely well
come to it, subscribe myself your obedient and
obliged servant s s. JAMESON
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
DR.. Townsend's Sarsaparilla,

THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY MEDICINE
IN THE WORLD.
THIS EXTRACT is put up in QUART BOTTLES; it
L is Slr times cheaper pleasanler, and warranted
perior to any sold IL cures diseases without comitins
purging, sickening, or facilitating the patient.
The great beauty and superiority of this Sarsapars
over all other remedies is, while ii eradicates Diseases
invigorates the body.
Hhas performed more than IL, 900 cures this year
1000 CURES OF RHEUMATISM,
1000 CURES OF DYSPEPSIA,
$500 CURES OF GENERAL DEBILITY and want
of Nervous Energy.
5000 FEMALE COMPLAINTS and over
1000 CURES OF DISEASES
OF the Blood viz; Ulcers, Scrofula EryspeIas Salt
Rheum, Pimples the face, &C. c., ogether with nu
merous cases of Consumption, Liver Complaints. Spinal
Affections, &C. This, are aware must appear incred-
be but have letters from ply scans aud our agents
from all parts Of the United Slaes info ming US of ex-
traordinary cures Il. Van Buskirk, Esq, OF the
most respectable Druggists in Newark New Jersey in
forms US that he can refer 10 than hundred and
fifty in that place alone. There are thousands of
cases in the City of New York, which we will refer 10
with pleasure, and TO men of character well known.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
RHEUMATISM

More than one thousand of Chronic Rheumatism
have been cured by the of DR. Townsend's Sarsapa
ra.
New York, Dec IA, 1886.
To DR. Townsend-Sir: think it my duty TO return
you my own sincere thanks for the benefits expe-
nenced by the use of your Extract ofSarsaparila was
afflicted for many months with Rheumatic palms, and
also inflammation of the Liver the sufferings which
endured from these diseases rendered my life burden TO
me- tried every remedy that prescribed for me,
from three of the best physicians in the city, hut with
out receiving any permanent benefit. considered my
self ncurabe but by the advice of friend induced
to try your Compound. had hut faint hopes ofsuccess
but am happy to say, had not taken more than hall
bottle before experienced relief; this induced me TO
perseVere in its use, and two bottles have effected an
entire cure. II is now months since used our
remedy, and am grateful and happy say never en-
f0yed better health.
shall take great pleasure in recommending it to the
afflicted, for by its firmly believe my life was saved
With the greatest respect allow me to subscribe my.
self your grateful friend VIM. b. MORGAN.
46 Canal ST., corner of Broadway.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
New Iron Store,

NO. 73 MIN STREET, won CESTER.
RICHARDSON, LORING & co. have on
hand aud for sale--Cheap for cash--English Refined
Banks Old Sable, Norway sweedes, and Band X ON.
besi Norway RODS, Old Sable and sweeds shapes-Ul
s.er hvoPS-BEST CAST STEEL, Sanderson's
Haytors', and Jessops-German Coach Spring Steel
Also, Russia and English Sheet Iron-Crow Bars1Vicee
Axles and BOxesHo!se Nails--Shee Lead and Zinc &c
X, l.. & co. are Manufacturers of Tin, Copper
and Sheet Iron WARE upon the most reasonable terms
and At short notice. 0JPnrcular attention paid 10 Fac
tory Work-Tin Roofing Tin and Copper Fave Tronghs
STOVES OF all descriptions constantly for sale nj ,bc
very lowest prices at the OLD STAND Of II. A. RCIIARD
April 70. II No. rs Main g., Worcester. ,
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
RHEUMATISM AND LUMBAGo.

= = New Y ORR, July q, 1876,
have been sorely afflicted with severe rheumatic pains
have been al times in the grea agony possible and
unable to follow my employment. have also had severe
attacks of the lumbago. read some accounts in the
papers of the virtues of your Sarsaparla and thought
would Try 1t, and see if could obtain relief The lum
bago has left me, and experience of my rheu.
matte pains. My general health has been improving
since commenced with it, for which | am very thank
full and hope will The success that our remedy
for those severe complaints merits
Yours, &c, RICHARD JONES, Doyer.st.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
ALMOST A MIRACLE

Read the following, and doubt If on can that Con-
sumption cannot be cured. This is only one ofthe sew
era hundred cases that T0wnsends Sarsaparilla has
cured:
Brooklyn, Sept IA, 1896
Or Iownsend-~Dear Sir: was taken a little over
year ago with severe cough and pain in my side. in
creased on me very fast indeed. was pronounced by
physicians TO nave the quick consumption raised large
qnanttes OF bad matte had night sweats and sinking
very last my doctor said he could do nothing for me-
went to the Hospital in hope of being benefited but was
pronounced there as incurable now greatly dis
essed at the lungs and could hardly brealhe soon he
came eInaclated and expected to die confined TO
my bed, and was obliged 10 have watchers indeed,
cannot give you any description that would justice 10
my case was supposed by my friends to be past
cOvery had tried great number Of remedies, and all
seemed TO be to no purpose read of extra
ordinary cures performed by your medicine, and tell
you Inc truth, suspected there some humbug in
them. But was induced to try 1t done so, and
very thankful did. | cannot say that entirely
We'll but am so far recovered be about my business
and hope TO be entirely well in few weeks. My cough
anu pain IN the side, and night sweas have left me, AMI
raise but very little, and fast gaining my usual
strength felt II duty to give you a statement OF my
case to publish If you please.
PETER BLOWN, AZ Litile.st., Brooklyn.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
Litch's Daguerreotype Rooms.

THE subscriber begs leave to call the attention of the
public specimens OF Dagnerreolype Miniature Por-
traits executed BY him. lie has recently made some
highly successful experiments, by which, with the aid of
superior instrument and sensitive chemical prepara.
tions the time required In sitting is materially shortened
while the picture retains the character with those
which have received the commentator Of the patrons OF
this establishment BY the rapidiy with which he is
enabled TO operate, the difficulty that many experience
Especially chlldreD In preserving such fixed position Of
body and features will afford perfect and pleasing
picture, is 10 great extent obvated.
Ladies' and gentlemen impelled either by curiosity
desire to obtain perfect sembIance Of themselves,
respectfully invited call and view collection Of spec
linens OF the art, at
Rooms SO Washington ST., Boston.
A. LITCH,
Boston, Sept. 80, 1896 dwlf Late Litch o. Whippe)
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
B. E., HUTCHINSON.

Successor to VIM. LEGGATE,) 166 MAIN ST..
M ANUFACTURER aud Dealer in harm ESsES, SAP
w DIES, BRIDLEs,-- Coach, Chaise and Dran COL
6Ahs. Also Trunks Yaiises and Carpet Bags Couch
u,g and l"g WHIPS, &C. Or Repairing done short
bOHce' Worcester Jan Is
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
THE MOST
ASTOUNDING DISCOVERY!
JONES' ITALIAN CHEMICAL SOAP.

To Eruptions and Disbursements of the SKIN PIN
pies, Freckles, Sunburn, SAT- Rheum, Scuruy,
Sore Heads, &c. &C.
TT is astounding how quickly, by The one cake of
IL Jones' Italian Chemical Soap saOw. yellow or dark
skin becomes beautifully clear and White.
Persons in purchasing this must always ask for ONES
ITALIAN CHEMICAL SOAP; and perhaps, as MANY
who have been cheated with counterfes will be loo
much discouraged to try the genuine, say such Try
this onceyou will not regret but always that the
name Of T. JONES is on the wrapper.
From the New Orleans CentineI, October, 1874
One OF our subscribers Mr. Leonard, informs US thai
he has been cured of old scaly Salt Rheum OF Is years
staining, on his beard fingers and hands, by cake 81
an article much advertised laely-we speak Of Jones'
Italian Chemical Soap. lie ais Informs us that he has
tried its effects upon his female slave, Rose yellow
girl much marked with sun-spois and he fonnd in two
weeks her skin much clearer and whittier.
From the NeW York Sun
We make II rule never to notice an advertised ar
ce, but from what have heard from several persons
respecting the powers of jones' Italian Chemical SOAP
we 90 not hesitate to pronounce IL all il is represented
and can therefore, conscienously recommend IL to our
readers who are afflicted with eruptons, marks dsfg
urements.
JONES' SPANISH LILY WHITE.
perfectly innocent, being purified all deleteri
Gus qnatiesj and it mparts to the skin a natural
healthy, alabaser, clear, living whte the same tim1
acting as cosmetic on the skin, making IL soft and
JONES, CORAL HAIR RESTORATIVE.
Among the educated there are few who will doubt but
that by forcing the roots and scalp of the head to
heaIlhy action we can cause growthaye, dark luxuri
ant growth The roots being healthy n sediment called
danruH or scurf 10 discharged from the scalp; the hair
now becomes soft and silky. Thus the roots strongly
fastened in their native SOIL proudly and spendidly dis
play her beauty ash specimen of diseased naiurd raised
from death BY the powerful aid Of science.
From me Nep York Tribune.
we see that Judge Edwards Of Philadelphia a man
over 20 years Of age, the top Of whose head bald
Is the palm OF ones hand two months since, has
now nne dark hair growing last from the use OF Jones'
Coral Hair Restorative."
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
Plumbe National Daguerrean

Gallery and Photographers FURNISHING DepOtS
A WARDED.the Cold and silver Medals, -Four First Pre-
"A NUNS and Two Highest Honors, the National the
Massachusetts, the New York. and the Pennsylvania Ex-
hibons respectively for the most splendid Coored Da
guerreotypes and best Apparatus ever exhibited.
PORTRAITS taken in exquisite style, without regard
weather. GTInstruction given IN the art.
large assortment OF Apparatus and Stock always on
hand al the lowest cash prices
ReaO York. PSI Broadway; Philadelphia, 1876 Chestnut
ST Boston, as Court. and Sc Hanover Baltimore, eos
Baltimore 81 WashingtOn Pennsy Avenue eters~
burg "a, Mechanics HsIl Cincinnati Fourth and Wal
nut and 76 Main Saratoga Springs Broadway; Paris
l77 viellla Rue du Temples Liverpool, 80 Church ST.
July 4. ly-lmw-da
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
MAGTC ERAsIYE sOAp.

For rem wing Grease Spots, Stains, or Marks from
Clothes Jolens, Carpets, &C. &C. and rendering tho
spots where IL is applied clear bright new and spotess
Soil NTH fuH Direotions-Prce rs cents.
uJA the above articles are for sale at the
Cheap BIZ Hstore, by J. CIRCUIT, JR.
Octl5. -. wtA2
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
JONES' CORAL HAIR RESTORATIYE.
MOORTsn HAIR DYE.

For permanently dyelng Light, Red, Gray Hair n
DARK brown or Black Color, without dyeng InurnG
the skim Sold with full Directions.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
BOOKS.

CLARENDON HARRIS intending to relin-
" quish the B0okseing business, offers for limited
time sell the balance 0fh stock Of Books at very
uaoea prcos. SsH Worcester, Aug 10
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
LEONARD'S
Boston and Worcester Express.

Boston and Worcester Express.
II VII subscriber continues to run TIL EX-
ssaz4sIJ PRESS between Boston and Worcester, for
'sNssssF% the safe transmission of Packages Bundles,
Bank Notes, Specie, and MerchaI disc generally
Three Times each way Daily.
Particular attention given to paying collecting and
goaling notes. drafts, bills, and purchasing and selling
merchandise, produce, etc.
All packages must be directed to his care.
The subscriber alone responsible for property entrust
ed to his care, and risk assumed by the Boston and
Worcester Rail Road Company.
Packages by this line forwarded from Worcester to
Salem, Newburj port, Taunton Fall River. and New Bed
ford also, to Portland, and all parts of Maine.
orders free goods to be returned by this Express
OFFlcEs-HARNDEN q cos. Office. Court Street,
Boston J. II. KNIGHTS HAT STORE, 1o3 Main St.
Worcester S. 9. LEONARD.
Feb 25, 1917. dU
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
RHEU MATISM AND THE PILES.
NEWARK TESTIMONY

Septemhes~I6 1916.
- Pr Townsend Sir: Ny wife has been ldEsever-
k, most as bad Mr.. Shannon's ignorance andy
ID becility. The latter made us ridiculous the
n'er made us hated; and in looking around A.
new ambassador who might combine THEFT
Is qualities of both Mr. Polk was compelled tcs-
IT foreigner The choice feel upon Mr.. All
e whose particular qualification appeared to bell
he was about the most unacceptable mann-
could be sent from this country to Mexico.s'
u one from whom even favorable propositions vk
be least likely to meet with kindly recet
v He appears to have been Mexican refle
siates are continually Sending Certificates and inform
gus of benefits derived from DR. Townsend's sarsapa-
rilla.
DR. Townsend-Sr: Some time since you requested
my opinion of the virtues of your Compound syrup of
Sarsaparila, am now prepared TO give it, have
II in my practice and prescribed ii for the last few
months, and must give decided preference any
thing Of the kind with which am acquainted both AS to
its medical virtues and the reasonable price at which YOU
sell it, In scrofulous affections, cutaneous eruptions
generally dyspepsia, Indigestion, costve hahi and liver
complaints, am much pleased with its effects In these
complaints or any other where scroula is Indicated
can with confidence recommend ii the patronage Of
the profession valuable auxiliary removing dis
ease in some Of its troublesome FORMS and to ALL
as safe and valuable medicine.
BENIN. WEEKS, MD
Brooklyn, Nov %, 1876.
DIR Townsend Dear Sir: Having for some lime past
been afflicted with pulmonary affection on my lungs
ana continual pain in my side, owing evening ex-
posie IN raVeing after preaching and finding my dis
ease to increase, with much difficulty of breathing aud
other alarming symptoms, advised by clergyman
airlend OF mine, to try your celebrated Sarsaparlla.
did So and alter taking or three bottles found nv
self relieved My appetite has been restored | find
myself much stronger and hope very resume my
usuai dutles have been so greatly benefited by your
excellent medicine, feel it my duty make known the
facts Tor The benefit Of others who may aboring under
the same difficulties that have been some time past
Nov22, 1876. Pastor of Baptist Church. staten Island
Principal Office l26 Fulton ST. Sun Buildings, NY.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
ACCOMMODATION TRAINS.
Daily exceDt Sunday.

Daily except Sunday.
Leave Worcester at 10 A M. and Al p. NJ.
Leave Norwich at A.. and Al p.
o. The Morning Accommodation Trains from Norwich
and from Worcester with the Trains OF the Bos
ton and Worcester, and Western Railroads each way.
The Evening Accommodation Train from Worcester
meets with the Il M. Train from Boston.
NEW YORK TRAIN, uid Long Island Rail Road
Leave Alyns Point for Boston, about daily except
Sunday.
Leaves Worcester for NewYo about As AM-stopping
at Danelsonvile, and Norwich.
NEW YORK TRAIN, uid Steam Boat.
Leaves Norwich for Boston every morning Except Mon
day) upon the arrival of the Boat from New York. stop
ping at Norwich and Danielsonville.
Leaves Worcester for New York upon the arrival of the
Train from Boston al about 81 daily except Sunday
stopping at Danelsonvie Norwich
FREIGHT TRAINS, daily each may, ercept Sunday.
Special contracts will be made cargoes large guam
titles of Freight application to the Superintendent.
Fares less when paid for Tickets than when paid
IN the cars. J. w. STOWELL, Supt
Norwich Feb Is 1887.
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31
JONEs' SPANISH Lily WHITE.

II Is perfectly Innocent, being purified of all deeteri
Gus qnaltiesj and II imparts to the skin natural,
healthy, alabaser clear, living white; the same tm1
acting as cosmetic the skin making IL soft and
The Daily spy. [volume] (Worcester [Mass.]) 1845-1850, 1847-03-31

For the Removal and Permanent Cure of all Diseases
arising from Impure state of the Blood, or
habit of the System.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-04-24
Trouble I'm California.

1t would seem from the late advces from Cali
fornia that serious difficulty existed between Com
Stockton and Gen. Kearney, growing gu, Of the cues
ton az to which Of them bound to obey the other al
superior officer According the accounts in the Call
|ornian, it would appear that Com. Stockton In
command in the battles of the eth and 9th OF January
bu, Lieut. Emory in letter to the Courier Enquir-
er, says,
Now. sir, the facts are as follows: No order of any
moment given either In the fight of the 9Th the
through the undersigned his acting assistant adu
both battles
At the battle of Gan PssquAl which took place one
hour before day the morning Of the 9th OF Dscem
ber Gen Kesrney attacked and chased miles
one hundred and sixty well mounted Cafornians with
less than one hundred dragons, emaciated by an un
exampled marca the deserts OF America Of more
than 1000 miles.
The statements and imputatons in this Californian
Extra" therefore false.
The Sun gives this statement:
The General Aearneyl showed his orders, instruc
tons and appointment military and civil Governor
California TO Commodore Stockton. who immediately
suspended the civil functions of the General issued hi
own proclamation as Governor and sfterward appointed
Lieut. Col Fremont Governor of the territory. Gen
Kcarney Informed Com. Stockton that he would tempo
rary submit to his assumption of authority he Die
not wish At this critical period 20 create civil war sn6
soon after took passage 10 the Cysns for Monterey
where be met Commodore Shubnek, who supercede
Commodore Stockton As Commander in-C Chief OF th'
naval tOrces.