The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1847-12-07

specie circulation both of gold and silver and of diff
nslng among me people, can only be effected by
ing such foreign coin into American eon repeat the
ommendation contained IN my last annual message for th
establishment OF branch of the of the United State
at the city OF New York.
All the public lands which had been surveyed and wer
ready for market have been proclaimed for sale during
The quantity offered and be offered for sale
under procaatons issued the first of January last
amounts To nine million hundred and thry-eeh
thousand five hundred and thryone The prosper
y OF the western States and Territories which thess
lands lie Will be advanced by their speedy sale. BY with
holding them from market, their growth and increase OF
population would be retarded while thousands of
erpsng and meFi,orious frontier population would be de-
priyed of the opportunity of securing freehold for them
selves and their families But in addition to the genera
considerations which rendered the early sale Of these lands
proper, IL leading object at this tine TO derive
large sum as possible this source, and thus diminish
by that amount the public loan rendered necessary the
existence of foreign
1t is estimated that not than ten millions of acres of the
public lands will be surveyed and be in condition be
proclaimed for sale during the year lsfS
In my last annual message presented the reasons which
in my Judgment rendered proper graduate and reduce
the price of such of the public lands have
sold for long periods after they had been offered for sale
public auction.
Many millions of of public lands lying within the
limits ofsegeral of the States been offered
market and been subject sale private entry for
than twenty years. and large quantities for than thirty
years at the lowest price prescribed by the existing laws
i has been found that they will command that price.
They remain unsod and uncultvaed for indefinite
period unless the price demanded for them by the govern
shall be reduced. No satisfactory perceived
why they should be longer held above their real
value AT the present period additional exists
for adopting the measure recommended When the
try engaged foreign war; and necessarily
sort to loans, would he the dictate Of wisdom
should avail ourselves of all our resources and
thss limit the amount of public Indebtedness the lowest
possible
recommend that the existing laws on the subject of
prescription rights be amended and modified so as
operate prospectvey, and embrace all who may
tie upon the public lands and make Improvements upon
them before they surveyed wei! afterwards in all
where such settlements may be made after the In
dian title shall have been extinsushed.
If the right of preemption be thus extended will
brace large and meritorous class of citizens II will
increase the number of small reehoders upon borders
who will be enabled thereby educate their children and
otherwise improve condition. while they will be found
at all times as they have proved themselves to be
the hour of danger their country among hardest and
best volunteer soldiers ready tender their services
emergency and among the last leave the field
long enemy to be encountered. Such policy
will also impress these patriotic pioneer emgrants with
deeper feelings OF gratitude for the parental of their
government when they find their dearest interests secured
them by the permanent laws of the land and that they
longer in danger of losing their homes and hard
earned improvements by being brought competition
with wealthy class of purchasers the land sales
The attention of Congress invited, their last and
the preceding session, to the importance of establishing
Territorial government possessions in Oregon and
II is TO be regretted that there legislation the
subject Our citizens who inhab that distant region of
country still left without the of laws
any regularly organized government Before the aues-
ton OF limits and boundaries of the of Ore
gon definitely settled, from the necessity of their
condition. the inhabitants had established temporary
government of their Besides the of legal
authority for continuing such government, wholly
Inadequate protect them in their rights of person and
property to them the enjoyment of the priv
eges other cilizens when they entitled under the
constitution Of the United States They should have the
right OF suffrage be represented in Territorial legisla-
nre and by delegate in Congress; and possess all the
rights and privileges which citizens of other of the
Territories of the United States have heretofore enjoyed
may now enjoy
Our judicial system laws laws regulating trade
and intercourse with the Indian tribes and the protection
laws generally, should be extended them.
In addition the inhabitants in that territory who had pre-
vousy emgraed to IT, large numbers of citizens have
followed them during the year and doubt
ed that during the next and subsequent their numbers
viii be greatly increased.
Congress- last session, established posroutes lead
ing Oregon and between different points within that
tory and authorized the establishment of post Offices
Astoria and such other places the coasts of the Pacific
within the territory of the United States the public
eress may require Post Offices have accordingly been
established deputy posias,ers appointed, and provision
made for the transportation of the mails.
The of peace with the Indian tribes residing
of the Rocky will render proper that
hory should be by law for the appointment of
adequate number of Indian agents to reside among them
recommend that surveyor generals office he esao-
shed that territory and that the public lands he survey
ed and broush, into market at an early period.
recommend also, that grants upon liberal terms, of lin
quantities the public lands be madeto all citizens of the
United States VINO have cmgraed, may hereafter with
prescribed period emgrae, Oregon, and settle upon
them. these hardy ana adventurous Cuzens. VINO nave
encountered the dangers and prvaons of long and toll
journey and have at lengthfound an abidng-pace
for themselves and families upon the verge of
limits, should be secured in the homes which
they have improved by their labor.
refer 10 the accompanying report of the Secretary
of War for detailed account of the operations of the
various branches of the public service connected with the
department under his charge The duties devolvng this
department have been unusually and responsible
during past year. and have been discharged with ability
and success.
Pacific relations continue exist with the various Indian
tribes and Of them manifest strong friendship for
the United States. Some dcpredatons committed du
ring the past year upon Transporting supplies for
the army the road between the border of Mis-
and Santa Fe. These depredailons which
been committed by hands from the region Of
New Mexico have been arrested by the presence of milf
y force, ordered for that purpose Some outrages
have been perpetraed by portion Of the northwestern
bands upon the weaker and comparatively defeneeess
neighborng tribes Prompt taken to pre-
vent such occurrences in future.
Between and thousand Indians, belonging to ser
era tribes, have been removed during the year from the
Of the Mississippi the country allotted to them west
Of that river their permanent home and arrangements
have been made for others TO follow.
Since the treaty of lsi6 with the Cherokees the euds
among them appear have subsded and they have be-
come united and eontened than they have been for
many years past The commissioners, appointed in pur
suance of the of June wentyseven,h 1885, TO settle
claims arising under the treaty of 1856 with that tribe
their duties and after patient investigation,
and full and fair examination of all the cases brought be-
fore them closed their labors the month OF July last
This the fourth board of which has been
organized under this treaty. Ample opportunity has been
afforded all those interested bring forward their claims
No doubt is entertained that impartial justice has been done
by the late board and that all valid claims embraced by the
treaty have been considered cad allowed This result and
the final settlement to be made with tribe under the