davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

Antonio Lopez be Santa AIMS intends 10 perform
the agreement which we have night % suppose
he entered into with James Knox Polk
HEADQUARTERS HrAxASTrA, Oct 10, ls47.
The Gsprattu Chg Of t.< Ar-s TO AS CS~PsHion' ~
Ny FRIxxDs When va anticipated obtaining tn
umph for the country our Invaders according 10
the combinations % which you strangers ard
while exclusively occupied Ia carrying on hosnn-
ties sx-iEs, the enemy yoU well know which object
alone brought ths way resolved the surprising
communication Of Don Luis De Il Rosa Minister Of
state sod War In which De Informs that BY order
of his ExcslsDcy the President Of the supreme Court
Of Ja.,ics charged with the supreme Executive Power
by the sppoin,neu; watch I made to that eject In my
decree Of the 10th Of s't september am 10 deliver the
command Of this body Of troops % his Excellsncy Gen
eral OF Division Don Manuel kncon, or 10 Don Iusn Al
vsrez holding the same rsnk.
Although sgsrsi 50 strange proceeding could urge
many ob-ctOns IS will do IN due time before the "a
ton In order 10 preserve the dignity OF the sppoint'
ment which the Sovereign CODsiitutionA Congress
made In nv person IS President al iEtrir ye, decscy
and patriotism induce obey without reply the 10
dvidusl who has received from my hands the pow
er wh'sh the nation had conhded 10 me- and which
merely rsinqaished Ia order 10 carry the war sgsiusi
our unjust invaders 10 not ~ish TO furnish pretext
to my mplacsbe enemies 30 csumnste mo nor 20 have
II said tbs, avoided presenting myself 10 answer for
nv conduct - public man.
From these motives separate myself rom you Win
the profeundes, regret You my companions IN
misfortune bu, you the faithful servant. of the rs
ton Your virtues are Known 70 me- and you know
that our intentions perish sighting for The most
sacred OF causes 10 snatch from fortune sons irnp
tsut favor. depart from you md ths thesire OF toe
war perhaps sacrifice self o. the vep.esnce OF my
enemies 20 fret tHS0rt0hs peace nAteA ara 10
nrish 10 grant because rsDusnGaf 10 Constance
soldiers be faithful servants ~ your country Let
no, misfortune intmdsEs you. Perhsps the moment 10
not far dstsn when conducted BY smother more fortu'
rate chiei,sin fortune will be prOpltious Ia you
ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

q I0fy were very numerous nol 10 INC
81 strata, but ia the socalled secondary
MA Of the crust Of our globe. and this living
=: whose structure could be well studied, has
<hkeness b the reptiles that the articulations
= back bone are movable by ball and socket
- ms 10 reptilian structure OF the skeleton
&c iorm OF hsh-s torn common in many fishes
=, ~ epoch when reptiles did not yet exist. They
ne next step IN the fishes in their succession IN
yea epoch, and that is one OF the hrst hshes
vefteorsl column instead OF remaining Cart.
y, Dus becomes bony-osseous Now had the
.Drane 70 see Que Of that class OF fishes alive
- ePnng and my first thought was 20 see
o. ~aer u moved its neck and the first look at y
ss!eo TIE impression that il did. In this re
nus rePtillsn fish. with this peculiar articu-
n. /" the vertebre. has the faculty Of moving rs
~snsht and LEFT. though the neck is not divided
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

from the BODY, which is the aurlcie. and empties
into another cavity called the yen,ricle and that
empties through a tube which has received the
name of aoric tube and here arises a large blood
vessel, under the name OF aorta vhich branches
into many branches as there are arches 10 the gill
There is no confirmation 10 this great blood-vesse
The blood goes directly 20 the gills and then comes
back after ii has reached the termination, through
sinus and all these veins unite. forming another
large bloodvessel by their junction, which runs
10 the back bone along this cavity here. whence
1t is distributed 10 all the viscera OF the abdom
inal cavity. The blood after IL has reached all
parts Of the body returns through these veins and
emptied into this large so that the venous blood
comes into that cavity and is propelled into The gilis
where 1t is converted into srteral blood,
Such circulation is called 81 smp e circulat
But beside these organs OF respiration we have in
fishes curious organ placed in the upper portion
OF the abdominal cavity-a large air sac called the
air. bladder which opens into the alimentary tube
above This is a documentary lung IL is the first
indication of the formation Of lung in vertebrated
animals, and when tracing the formation OF the
organs within the egg may ascertain that IN It's
position and formation this air bladder is similar TO
the lung Of higher animals
The mouth opens into the gills. which form the
arches on both sides The food passes between
these arches and moves on into the stomach which
is very uniform. The amentsry tube is scarcely
more slender than the stomach and IS very short IN
most fishes There is also large liver and gall
bladder 50 that in the structure OF the viscera the
fishes do not materially differ from the higher AMI
mails. All OF them lay eggs in iunumerable guam
titles. There are species which lay as many as
fifty thousand eggs This extraordinary fecundity
affords ready explanation OF the great number Of
fishes aud the non-dsappearance Of any Of the
types Notwithstanding the voracity Of these ami
mails.
The brain in fishes has the same essential parts
as that OF higher animals We have also nerves
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

scales ,o1 val dad that they NJ easily ana you
ar,x them with as much precision as Il you had
the living model before YOU. Bus YOU have now
90, 6sb without FMS The question Is where are
So, 70 pu, the fms 2 And again What sort Of
head arc you 70 put 20 such body lAugh,l
a 6sh which has a fat ovate form IKE mat WI
be fish Of not very rsPld %o.or s~S ,,o;S mo
,;", Ssxs rstber elongated dorsAl and anal hn'
90 nat The csudsl fin is not forked Those that
swim xd " FAST have the tail Orked and these os &C:
=. nsddIe The fishes which have broad; mar
bDdy' are not voracoas therefore they cannot nass
a prolonged sDout. They will have snort. lo..u
head. and 80 in that way yoa terminate your oiA
ing lApplsusol ..,.-;.. h.S,hs
GOOD fortune To be able " demonstrate N aratnsf
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

scale became gradually rougher and roueher. Now
~ have that IN the perch. The mere touch of that
fish discovers this peculiarity while the fishes
whose surface is smooth have the scales formed in
simple lay ers
\ singular coincidence Is this that fishes. with
few exceptions, which have such dentations on the
posterior margins, are Just, those which have the
hard bony spines the anterior portion Of the dor
sal hn aud more than that the head Of the fish has
something unite characteristic
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16
CENTLEMES,s FALL .ad Winter T.,,. w'S;wws

NJ q
Of Cloths Cas.imeres yesnss, Fancy Dr-s articles &C
PSI Broadway American Hotel, oder Tor inspection an 81
assortment OF new and fashionable soods tor an
and Winter selected with view 10 rendering thet
stock rich Ia quality and variety csn be found 10
the city. . =
nilled Cloths shades beaver do; drab and blue
Devonshrs heey Csnads gray do drsS blue sna o.ses
Winter Frocks SACKS &c beaver and msd cloths $50
was, article extra Twesds, &c Dire. sad rrost
Coats blue black, olive, brown, green and Adoiade
Cloth. OF Boliys simons and other tshrics Business
aud Travelling Goats plaid Csssmere, Tweeds ana o,nsf
goods Hunting Goats olive brown and dso molssssa.
Sc Pantaloonss French, English, German and Amsresn
black blue mixed and fancy Cassimsres selected with
the various tastes Of our numerous patrons IN
this line 10 which such attention has been directed az 70
Vests black silks and Satns fancy do Wooen ard e
and Mar.eiiles rich skssnd Sstins for balls parties &c
Army and Navy Experience enables US 70 furnish az
forms strict continuity TO regulations, and we have al
usys on hand the materials necessary 10 the different
grades Of the service First quality read made ssfment~
Oyereos,s brown, olive green, black and blue beaver
and med cloth suTioo,s large assortment imPr2vea
styles sacks including blue black brown and dfsb Mohsr
dTab snd blue Pilot olive and brown az foshs
and Boys Overcoats Winter frocks, Sacks, he Buzz.
and Travelling Goats olive, brown, green and bias
coa' psa ...rt@sa; N yssos. color. sna isblc.
Cosks blue aud BLACK Cloth full and three quarter cir
plain and ribbed veveteen for riding travelling, Nc.
testinxs. black, SILK, satin, bombazlne and Cashmere
velvet bi.cs and asured sii d. Dressing downs De
Lanes Msrino aud figured MuslD IN great variety Hans
INK Goats In various styles.
Fancy Dress Articles: Ta<ioni Jenny Lind, hasnrhs
and other fancy Craysts English French ard iai
ian black silk Cravas, extra and medium qusty BLACK
satin Cravgts superior black SILK and satin scars new
est e. fancy do Merno Scarf Muiss fofusselins
sc; twilled and plain English French and India roehef
Hsndsf. white, colored and bordered Linen faadk IT,
Gloves Chasson and BsJoa's black, white snd dolores
Kid also Menno Buckskn Lined Berlin, Linen, Cotton
Sc suspendes all the various les aud qual!nsa 10.
dsrvess and Drawers Merino, silk Buckskn, Wool, ana
Cotton Flannel Half Hose shite and miIsd Msnno,
and Cotton varou. sades Shirts Bosoms and Coilsrs.
Umbrellas. SILK and Cotton.
piece Goods, Cloths Cassmeres ysstinss, ke - ss'
tens We an assortment be found 10 the county
which Will be sold BY the piece yard 81 low pness
a. they can be bought with obs sdvsnfsse Of
se lection from what DO relied sPon - the most f..h'
i0nsbls goods OF ecotI
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

scRGIcAL OPERArIos An anprecedentedopeTa-
don 10 surgery was performed yesterday young
lssy living near mi. city 80 learn BY DR. Robert
Thomp.on Of this city and Dr. N 2 Kreider Of Lsnc.s
ter assisted by several other medical gentemen The
operation consisted tn the removal Of the liver In
diseased .,st@ which upon weight amounted ~ 2ef
pounds ndepee of msters iost during the opera
Ton We learn ssi up b ihis time the -dJ "a doing
well boz fears doubtless en ft~in-d for tnr iisae
Whsipexll lohio (ColumoGs) State Journal
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16
santa Anna.

We copy from the P'eayEn> Santa Anna' last
episte to his faithful few 1t is written with bis
usual felicity In truth, had the Napoleon Of the
West fought whh one-bsf the ability he writes
Flodden might have been Bannoekburn' or IN
palmer prose. Baena Vista. Churuousoo would
nave been the graves Of our soldiers Fortunately
FOX us and oar countrynen II mss oeeh oecreed
otherwise.
We invoke attention 10 the sentence m italics.
may mean something. Perhaps az tdls ate boar
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

tbre-no division of the backbone-a cartilagious
dasa cord remaining throughout life.
There are very many peculiarities in the struc-
are OF fishes which deserve to be noticed, IN order
20 distinguish the class of fishes from the other
asses of high vertebrated animals.
IL appears to be Of little value, but it is one OF
he most striking characteristics of this class that
all are perfectly horizonta-all swim horizontally.
There is longitudinal diameter. running from the
lead TO the tail which is perfectly straight Now
7ou will not find that in any OF the other verte.
Drsted animals In the reptiles. in the frogs and
lalsmsnders ia the snakes, the head rises more or
ess. Even 10 those which have no legs. as the
makes the head rises more or less from the horl-
ontal position of the body. Another characters
ic trait OF the fish is to have no neck. The head
md trunk are continuous so that the hsh cannot
move its head upon the neck. The fishes move the
aead and the trunk together they form lateral
curve more or less marked, but there Is no posi-
blty Of an immediate motion OF the trunk upon
he neck There is one single exception to this
and 1, is n this fish whose skeleton you see here.
The vertebrSp of the lsh arr connected IN this
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

10 and the same plan. and the order OF their
structural arrangement precisely corresponds with
their succession in geological times There was
an epoch when there were no fishes, no reptiles no
mammalia First come the fishes, and fishes only
exist Then appear the reptiles-then the birds,
and lastly the mammalia and in the last epoch only
one type is Observation-Disclosures stands At the
head of Creation.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16
Count, Returns-I 0Heial. !

Ca'taraugus gives IS msJonty =" Fish lo' Tor
Fillmore and elects NJ Il. Johnson Loco over
Croker by majority. James I Johnson. " hiz
i the other Member
sse;ls give. 1879 Loco on the State Ticket, 2is
on Senator and eighteeH on Assembly: Edwin
Rose Wig al6: VIM Sidney Smith Loco 234
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

proceeding 10 the
eve, the nose anc
the ear. which hs,
no external outlet
bat is yet quite com
plicated. Here is al
other striking anal
ogy with the higher
nnimals AL hnlnnn
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

changes which occur
there. | could oh
serve in the young
fishes the following
outline: Lines be
ginning here and ex
tending so all round
the animal, the back
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

a fish OF the Western
waters, found also in the
Northern lakes, which
has vertebrs with hol.
low surfaces snteriorly
ADD posteriorly with ne
misphericsl swelliogs ON
the ayticulatipg surfaces.
This fish IS only a rem
nsnt Of a numerous fam
lily Of which you have
here some representa-
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

teristic peculiaritics of bOny structure. here We
have two varieties Of scales. OF very different
structure. Now all the fossil fishes, without any
exception, have such enameied scales-the lower
layer of 'bony substance and the upper OF enamel
of considerable thickness This Afforded suii
cicnt for the union OF all these fishes IA one
order, especially as they differed so completely
from the common fishes
Recent anatomical Investigations have led even
those who at first ridculed this mode OF classified
ton to adopt it themselves Johannes Muller for
instance. OF Berlin, who at first laughed Mt this
singular desquamation, as he was pleased 10 term
it has himself acknowledged that 1t was the most
fortunate hit made III Ichthyology. Applause
Every animal is cartilaginous at the beginning
Even those animals which have the hardest bones
have a cartaginous skeleton IN the embryotic
state. 1t is only at later period of life that they
become bony. That, then. gave me the basis for
a classification, and think that from that time
made rapid progress than before IN lchthyol.
Ogy. After | had sscertained these snaogies |
went on. and found that sharks always had scales
OF a peculiar character formed only Of enamel with
out bony substance below. All those protuber
suces ON the skin Of the skates are Of enamel but
they are not arranged In layers on bony basis
and therefore, they form anothertype- Then among
the fishes with scales OF horny substance deposited
IN LAYERS | found that these were two types one
TYNE In which the scales are simple LAYERS with
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16


Here we have
a bony SLATE
which covers
the gill That
willbetheey eye
We have here
Il crescent
shaped bone
movable, ano
behind which
there are three
other bone,
movable Upo'
IL. and that
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

regular outlines and another in
which the scales had dentated
outlines 50 that every one had
teeth in us posterior edge, and
that as the scale grew larger
these dentatIons became more
numerous. aud the surface Of the
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

stshble motion between the vertebrG and that
. he reason why the fishes have general motion
nlcsnnot move one part of their body on the next
stIovine portion. No type Of fishes has srticu-
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

bone extending 50, and then terminating in the
centre, so that We have here regular termination
)l the vertebral column Now when the fish grows
larger this is diminished the lower extremity be.
zones moe prominent. and after the fish has been
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

trails 10 front Of the pec,orss and then he had IN
another class those whose fins continuous as IN
the cells. Bot such a classification, though
readily learned. is not At all natural and does
not bring the fishes together as they are really
related. The classification followed by Culver
in which the hardness or soitness Of the rays
Of FMS is the principle Is not any more nat
ural than the other which is beneath criticism
H. instead of taking the hardness Of the rays, the
structure itself were taken the basis Of classt
cation, it would be much more natural Then we
would have fishes which have 10 the dorsaL simple
rays in front and articuatec and divided rays IN
the posterior When these rays are divided. not
only longitudnally. but also transversely. the dis
tnction has / think some value. j Will show that
by referring to another difference Studying the
fossil fishes / could not satisfy myself with the
casshcations, because they scarcely ever show
ed their general form We find too rarely a com
plete fossil fish 10 be able 70 ascertain By the
structDre-by the form OF the fish-to what family
it belongs. But the scales Were frequently found
10 an excellent state Of preservation; and when
investigating the subject tried 10 find in the scales
81. h..
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

bOny appendices, along which boOdvessels run In
great abundance. These are the organs Of respira-
ton The blood comes 10 them Immediately from
the heart which is placed here below and has this
form A large sac which receives the blood coming
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

striking msnner 10 the year l-33 deiinested in
the first number Of my Work on Fossil Fishes
scale Of fossil fish sent ne from England and
from it drew the fish 10 which considered II to be
long In the following ye r 1884 the Whole remains
Of the fsh were collected, and the drawing was
given IN the third number OF my work hsve the
satisfaction OF SAYING that the two deinearons DO
not differ in any essential way. even IN the details
Loud spplsusel
These resiorations have been repeatedly made
They have been made in other cases where the
process was still more difficult Cuvier the first
who made these restOrarions from single bones Of
those fossil mammslia found in the gypsum near
Paris He restored several genera He gave not
only the whole skeleton Of these animals, but even
the outlines of their forms. Thus far be could 60
and thus far he did 60 and gave entirely sat- sacto
~ details 20 his figures Some imitstors followed
and went farther than he-giying even hair to
these animals aid dots TO their col0rs. They &C
complished all that bat there were as many lies as
additions 70 the figures. A laugh
The structure OF fishes is 10 general the same as
that Of the higher vertebrated animals except per
haps as far as regards the organs Of respiration
All fishes do not breathe by Lungs as the mamma
liza birds ADD reptiles. They breathe b. gills or
gans placed in the sides OF the head under those
large covers which protect the sides OF the head
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

IN ann er.
aud these
hollow
cones are
hlleiwitli
cartilage
These ar
....f...
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

These gills have the fol-
lowing structure Let
that be the posterior mar.
Gin of the head. Here
We have in the supercle
three, four and sometimes
more. arch shaped bones
usually three or four to
whose posierior margin
we see attached small
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16
NEW-YORK AND ERIE RAILROAD CO.

Nrhe stockholders OF the New ORR 400 -. - 80.
Company are hereby notified that so ms ~ 80
dollar, p~r share on al shares whicn ths Pay"ens
heretofore made DO not exceed tyhvs doiz required
10 be paid at tie office Of the ComPsny, - a on or
before the ssvsntesnth O7tnl dsy 81 sosemo" osAI
~ order al The Board Of the DiIeclols.
% MI NATHANIEL MARSH, 5ecretzry
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

manner Just take two
ofthe vertebre with their
upper and lower append
sges The surfaces by
Which the bones unite
bere, when cut across
would have such a sur
llee Thee angular sur
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

TIrsaT nos dUU bUIN !" -
Lime as adopted aAothel
mode Of classification lie
divided the fishes sccoId
ing TO the position Of the
pectorsl and ventrsl iins-
He named abdominals
all the fishes whose ven
trails are placed in the mid
die region OF the abdominal
,aVjtv The next he called
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16
OF DEEDS for mi

CONMIssIONEH OF DEEDS Iof Lnoi' nd
a. - st..s with power 70 take the sdxment OF
$3.50. S.positious Of ~itoesses &e-
sTANLY H. FLEETWOOD, ~ Eassaa-sI
sHF hAs peculiar facilities fog the transaction u
business in the Western and South st4ss O51 In
V,HE NEW PATENT Instrument Of DR.. c. BRAILr
Lf otPars pupil Of the celebrated Professor Lisznc,
for the cure Of weakness prospsgs and other diseases Of
the womb without the u csusc other painful
means can b had e. fsmkns, % Chstham-st. Mi.
hs1s Is Broadway; At Delaes ana ssl Broad
~sy, 90 81 applying a DR. BRAlLLYS, So Ho1ston-st
corner Of Crosby NJ l5r-
- ALAMANDER FIRE-PROOF SAYS The sab
Cscrbe q authorized 10 make and sell Wliters Patent
Salzmsnder safes, aud has hand for sale
single and Double Szianander safes Of Al sizes sorefor
workmanship with without Jouess Chanxesble 5suk
Lock the odestabshet Iron safe Dept ~ No iSs
WsisrsI nl3 1vD<Wsj sILAS c. HERRING.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16

Matched II changes its form SC
as to present that appearance
This is only that exaggerated.
But you will easily perceive no"
readily it may be changed, ond
even the vertebral column be.
come regular and only a little
remnant OF that irreeularity re
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16
r. DIR. Christie's Galyanic Kings, Belts
HrureIet. and npauefic Fluid.-strankers are =

specifically informed that only place New Ygrk %
obtain these celebrated articles genuine, Is a. ~ s2
Broadway between John--t and Naidsp-sne IA 10 al
Of NERVOUS DISEASES, the efficacy Of Chfsti~-
svsnie articles Is truly wonderful and their sresf cee
bty hss caused them countested BY needy persons
who oder spurous AID worthless against which
the public are respectfully guarded. No Druggist or Drag
In New-York viii be allowed 70 sell Or ShrS
- ~ ~ 49, ~ suzl n
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1847-11-16
|zkI|
II'!|lISliIET

faces, from which these points arse
above ami these ribs below. are
not fat as in the mammalia. They
are hollow cones. formed in such a