The New era. [volume] ([Portsmouth, Va.]) 1845-1847, 1846-08-25


this House, although II do not see where the
wings are togainthe aocessions, far. the pro,
tectlve policy is concerped. PENNSYLVANIA, where
we are tdlH'here is TO DO sach mighty change.
has aitea, j voted agains, MS. Blu, to say nothing
about This Hhuse. in reference to which much
*ould be- speculation. let turn to the Senate,
where'we have certain data to go on In Maine
we have already elected q democrat in the place
OF wing. So we have in Louisiana. The same
VIII certainly be the case in Michigan and Vir-
gina, where we have already elected Demo-
cratic Legislature. We have a chance Of gain,
ng one in Georgia, when Mr. Berrien's term
expires, TO say nothing about North Carolina,
w""'" there will he tw" sacancies. as Mr.. Man
gums term expires in March. These four
changes make difference of eight certaia, Ito.
say nothing about Georgia and North Carolina
and the four from Iowa and Wisconsin will make
IL The other States in which the term Of Sem
ators expire in March next, are Rhode Island
NewJersey, Delaware, Kentucky, MIR. Jarnagin's
term IN Tennessee. and Mr.. Ciey's in New
Hampshire, all represented now by wings and
south Carolina. Alabama. Arkansas. and Illinois.
at this time represented by democrats, and in
which there will he no change. How is this inr
creased majority of twelve to he oounteracted2 q
Besides. till March, l849, we have the Execur
i've with us. Suppose we are overthrown i'm the
contest Of l848, (Which is not probable,) still.
unless you call special session. of which | be-
heve the wings are pretty tired, you cannot get
your Tariff passed before the summer of 1885,
iour long years hence Now, understands these
circumstances, with these undeniable facts star
ring them in the face, put it to the protected u-
teress, what is best for them,2 Arcommodate
themselves To what seems the settled policy of the
country, or throw away their money and time in
getting mp panic which must prove a .s Bruturn
tutmen 2? You may derange business. but YOU
VIII suffer as much by that as any one else. You
may throw operatives out If employment, hut YOU
will not probably make them better, friends bw
that, when they will not believe in the neeessiy
of 1t. Nor will the country. Sir, it is demon,
strable that. under the law we have passed, every
manufacture, for which the country is ripe will
ne able TO sustain itself, and make better profits
than any other pursuit. This l. showed in INV
speech upon the bill we have passed. when it was
under discussion. must be excused from re-
peatIng what ! said then. We do not wish To-
destroy the manufactures, nor do we believe that
the passage of the bill before the committee will
do 1t. The average rate of duty nnder il is 25
per cent; upon most of the protected articles il is
~ per cent This rate of dnty affbrds a larger
extent OF protection than is generally supposed
The memorial of the New York merchants, pre-
scented TO Congress at the exira session, says:-s
twenty per cent. duty is protection of no less
than forty per cent. to domestic manufactures be-
cause. In addition TO the duty. the expenses of i'm
poriatlon are about ~ per oent and the profits of
the importer are probably about l2a per cent"
MS statement shows that the bill before the
committee will afford incidental protection to the
extent of from AS 10 SO per cent
VIII not this afford protection enough Are
there any manufactures for which the country
Is rlpe that cannot prosper under protection of
5U per cent? They fourished, and, made larger
dividends even during the later period of the
compromise act, than any other pursuit. in, the
country.
This showed from the publications. of the man
uiacturers themselves. showed by their own
statements, that at that period the lowell manu-
Lecturers made on an average len psr cent. At
this time their profits are much greater.
The truth is, the conduct of the manufacturers
themselves show that they do not require the in.
ordinate protection conferred by the Tariff of 1912
In March, 1888. the Tariff Compromise was adop.
TED Under its provisions the duties were grad
uay reduced until June, 1912, after which the
highest rate of duty was to be twenty per cent
when 1t was adopted, and for yeaes afterwards,
IL was regard as solemn covenant of peace,
which was never TO be disturbed Mr. CLAW,
when advocating the compromise, when asked
what security the country would have against tbs
violations of its provisions, sad:;
what man, who is entitled to the character
OF an American statesman, would stand, up in his
place. in either House of Congress, and disturb
this treaty of peace and amity ?''
oo'elhof DaVls, OF massachusetts,, who voted
against the compromise, was equally explicit. He
said:
Suppose that South Carolina shonlh sbide by
the compromise while she suPposss Il beneficial to
me IarH States and injurious To her : and when
That period shall close, the friends of protection
shall then propose TO re- establish the system--
what honorable man who votes for this bill could
sustain such measured
The South, from the beginning, showed its, de-
IN q I'M IN and hra ln
provisions From the first, she refused to, disturb
It's provisions. even when brought forward in the
indious form OF propositions from the north to re-
duce some of the duties.
In addition TO this. most Of the State Eepisla-
lures at different times declared that the compror
mise ought to be held sacred and inwioIate. The
Legislature of Virginia so declared, almost by
unanimous vote, the Wings voting for it. In The
PRESIDENTIAL contests of l836,and 1910, the candi-
dates on both sides were pledged to the compro-
mise Under these circumstances the great mass
of the people, who could not conceive of the per-
hdy which afterwards sanctioned its violation,
must have regarded it as the settled policy Of the
country. Nevertheless, with this apparent moral
certainty that. after 1912, the duties were not to
exceed twenty per cent, manu- featuring establish
meats sprung up all over the country. The
census returns show that from 1890 30 1910 the
rate of increase Of manufacturing establishments
was very great In the table presented Of the
Lowell mills, it was seen that more than one half
OF them were established after the adoption Of the
compromise act. recollect that in Virginia most
OF the factories were started after that time.
WIN what face, then, persons engaged in
those establishments come before the nation and
insist that they will be wronged by the bill before
the committee. which gives from 5 to 10 per cent
higher protection than they could have calculated
upon when they went into the business
do not doubt. Mr.. Chairman tina I many Of the
manufacturers are sincere in the apprehensions
they express of The effect Of The bill we have pass
ed. But d. not think they onnhi To nnndemn