Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1846-12-12

made by the burdens Of taxation which it imposed to con-
tribute to the bounties which have enriched others.
When foreign well homo market is opened To
them, they must receive, they receiving,
creased prices for their products. They will find reader
SALE and at better prices for their wheat -four nce Indian
beef pork lard, butter cheese, and other articles which
they produce The home market alone is inadequate
enable them to dispose of the immense surplus Of food and
other articles which they capable Of producing
the most reduced prices for the manifest that they
cannot be consumed in the country The United States
can, from their immense surplus supply not only the home
demand but the deficiencies Of food required by the whole
world.
That the reduced production Of Of the chief articles
OF food In Great Britain, and other parts of Europe, may
have contributed to increase the demand for breadsu
and PROVISIONS Is not doubted but that the great and eff
Gent cause OF this increased demand and of increased prices
consists 10 the removal of artificial restrictions heretofore
posed IS deemed to be equally certain That exports
of food already increased and increasing beyond former
example, under the more liberal policy which has been adopt
ed will be still vastly enlarged unless they be checked
prevented by restoration of the protective policy be
doubted That commercial and navigating interests will
be enlarged in corresponding ratio with the increase of
trade, equally certain while manufacturing interests
will still be the favored interests of the country and receive
the incidental protection afforded them by duties
and more than this they cannot justly demand
In my annual message of December last tariff Of
duties, based upon the principles of the existing law
commended and have reason to change the OPT
Mons then expressed In view Of the probable beneficial ef
fleets Of that law recommend that the policy established by
be maintained has but just commenced operate and
to abandon modify it, without giving il fair trial. would
be inexpedent and unwise Shoad defects any Of its
tails be asceaned by actual experience exist these may
be hereafter corrected but until such defects shall become
manifest, the act should be fairly tested.
II is submitted for your consideration whether il NAV not be
proper, measure, impose revenue duties on some
of the articles embraced in the free list Should it be
deemed proper to impose such duties with view re-
venue to meet the expenses of the with Mexico
avoid to that extent the creation OF public debt they may be
wi h1aya IN
to exist and constitute part of the permanent policy
Of the country.
The net of the 9th of August last to provide the better
organization of the Treasury and for the collection saekee
transfer and disbursement of the public has been
carried into execution rapidly the delay necessarily ars-
ing out OF the appointment of new officers taking and approx
ing their bonds and preparing and securing proper places for
the saekeepng of the public money would permit II is not
proposed to depart in any respect from the principles policy
on which this great is founded There are, how
defects in the details Of the developed by its
practical operation, which fully forth in the report of
the Secretary of the Treasury which the attention Of Con
gress invited These defects would impair to some extent
The successful operation of the law all times but are espe
clally embarrassing when the country is engaged in war;
when the expenditures greatly increased when loans
10 be effected and the disbursements be made at points
many hundred miles distant in cases. from any depos
ory and large portion of them in foreign country The
suggested in the report of the Secretary Of the
Treasury recommended to your favorable consideration
In connexion with this subject, invite your attention to
United States at New York. Two thirds of the revenue de-
rived from customs being collected that point the demand
Tor specie TO pay the duties will be large and branch mint
where foreign coin and bullion could be Immediately convert
ID INTO American CON- would greatly facilitate the transaction
If the public business enlarge the circulation of gold and sill
'er and be, at the tme safe depository Of the public
money.
The Importance of graduating and reducing the price of
uch OF the public lands have been long offered in the
set at the minimum auhozedhy existing laws and re-
main unsod induces again recommend the subject to
favorable consideration Many millions of acres Of these
ands have been offered in the market for than thirty
years. and larger Quantities for than twenty
,nd being Of inferior quality they must remain unsaIea
Die for indefinite PERIOD unless the price which they may
purchased shall be reduced To place price upon them
above their real value is not only prevent their SALE and
thereby deprive the Treasury of any income from that source
but is unjust to the States which they e because il re-
ards their growth and increase of their population and be-
cause they have power to levy upon Them as upon
other lands within their limits held by other propetors than
he United States for the support of their local
The beneficial effects Of the graduation principle have been
realized by some of the States owning the lands within their
limits, in which it has been adopted They have been de-
nonstraed also by the United States acting the trustee of
he Chickasaw tribe of Indians in the sale of their lands lying
within the States Of Mississippi and Alabama The Chicka
Jaw lands which would command in the market the mini
price established by the laws Of the United States for the
ale OF their lands, were in pursuance Of the treaty Of 1884
With that tribe, subsequently, offered for sale graduated and
educed rates for limited periods The result was tina. large
Quantities OF these lands purchased which would other
have remained unsod The lands were disposed Of at
heir real value, and many persons Of limited means were en-
bled to purchase small tracts upon which they have settled
With their families That similar results would be produced
the adoption Of the graduation policy by the United States
all the States in which they the of large bodies
lands which have been long the Market cannot be doubt
d. II cannot be sound policy withhold large quantities
the public lands from the and occupation of our c
ems, by fixing upon them prices which experience has shown
hey will not command On the contrary il is wise policy
afford facilities to citizens TO become the owners low
md moderate rates. of ehojs of their own instead of being
he tenants and dependents Of others II be apprehended
hat these ands reduced price, would be secured in large
Quantities by spectators capitalists the sales may be re-
tcted in limited quantities. to actual settlers persons pur
hasing for purposes of cultivation.
In my last annual message submitted for the considera-
ion OF Congress the present system of managing the mineral
ands of the United States and recommended that they should
e brought into market and Sold upon such and under
uch restrictions Congress might prescribe. By The act Of
he eleventh Of July last the reserved lead mines and con-
iguous lands in the States OF Illinois and Arkansas and Ter
itoes Of Wisconsin and Iowa." authorized to be sold
The act confined, in its operation lead mines and con-
iguous lands"
large portion Of the public lands containing copper and
,ther is represented be very valuable and recon-
mend that provision be made authorizing the sale Of these
ands upon such terms and conditions their supposed value
may, the judgment Of Congress- be deemed advisable hay
due regard TO the interests Of such of citizens may
be located upon them.
1t will be important during your present session. to esta
bish Territorial Government and to extend the jurisdiction
and laws OF the United States the Territory Of OREGON
Our laws regulating trade and intercourse with the Indian
tribes east of the Rocky Mountains should be extended to the
Pacc Ocean and for the purpose OF executing them and
preserving friendly relations with the Indian tribes within our
limits an additional number Of Indian agencies will be re-
CURED, and should be authorized by law The establishment
rne zpC of ,Q,c.a.