Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1846-10-22

SANTA FE,-This having become a place O
interest in the public eye, since General kEAR
NEY's expedition to IT, we extract from Mr.
GREGG's Commerce of the Praries," de
scription of the town and neighborhood. Mr.
GREGG made several trading expedition. fros
Missouri 10 Santa Fe, and became well &C
quain,ed with that place, as well as with ths
intermediate country -
"Santa Fe, the capital OF New Mexico, i.
the only town of any importance in the prov
nce. We sometimes find it written Santa FL
de San Francisco, (Holy Faith of st. Francis
CO. the latter being the patron or utelary sam,
Like mos, Of the towns in this section of soun-
try, II occupies the site of all ancient Pueblo OF
Indian village, whose race has been extinct
for great many years. It's situation IS twelve
or fifteen miles east Of the Rio del Norte, at tia
western base OF a snOw-clad mountain, upon
beautiful stream of small mll-power size,
which rlpples down in icy cascades, and joins
the rlver some twenty miles 10 the southwest
ward. The population Of the city itself but
little exceeds three thousand; vet including
several surrounding villages which are en-
braced IN its corporate jurisdiction, 1t amounts
to nearly SIX thousand souls.
"1he town is very irregularly laid out, and
most Of the streets are little better than com
mon highways, trayerslng scattered settle
men,s, which are interspeTsed with corn tislds
nearly sufficient to supply the inhabitants with
gram. The only attempt at any thing Ike
architectural compactness and precision Goa
sists in four tiers of bAldhgs, whose fronts are
Swallowed with fringe OF por!nles or eO'rsdsres
of the rudes, possible description. They stand
around ihs public square, and comprise the
Governors house, custom house, barracks. the
Casa Con,i.torial Of the .4lcaldss, the military
chapel, besides several private residences, az
well as most of the shops Of the American ira
ders.
"The population of New Mexico il almost
exclusively confined 10 towns and villages, the
suburbs OF which are generally farms. Even
most of the individual ranches and haciejdas
have grown into ylllages--a result almost iu-
dispensabe to protection against the naraud-
ing savages of the surrounding wilderness.
The Winnebagoe chiefs AMI delegates had
final interview with President Polk on
"Wednesday. The treaty concluded between
the L. 5. Commissioners and this delegation
ass igns 10 our Government all the territory
which the WinnebagoeS now nhablt, embra-
chg about 100000 acres, and all the title
which they claim to between 100000 and
=. acres lllOIt as d iluhtltlS
This treaty and the one entered INTO last Spring
with the PotawatomieS extingulsh all Indian
tile of any kind to lands in the new State OF
Iowa. la consideration Of this cession of lands
on the part OF the Indians, the government OF
the United States assign 10 them suitable
tract of land west of the Mississippi for their
new homes. OF the fund which the treaty
stipulates to be paid to them, very consider
able proportion is, by the terms Of the treaty,
to he expended under the direction ofihe Presl-
dent for their Improvements in the arts and oc-
equations of civilized life. A sum is set apart
for the establishment of manual labor schools
among them A portion of the fund IS also set
apart for the purpose Of breaking up and fen
cling the ground in the new territory 10 which
the Indians are to remove. Another very con-
siderable portion Of the consideration money
named in the treaty is to remain in the hands
of the government at an interest OF D per cent,
to be paid annually to the Indians, for their
use and benefit, for period Of thirty yeas
B.l. inner