Mobile register and journal., 1846-12-10
Operations Of uap., FrsmOn. In Upper


 Union long letter from Senator Benton 10 ihe Pies deni ot the unied Ssies de.igred more especially | disnrDve the accusation officially made against CapI. F (who is Mir Bentons in.aw) of shay | ing eone into California wh body of Dnned Sf2les troops, under Ihe preieNt ot scientific expe diti1n but in reality excite the Americans settled Tn that province insurrectpn against the Mex ican government
 The whole leler is interesting but com | peed to limit ourselves 10 the following exiracs s, | fro" winch Il will be that Ihe gallant captain had in fact revolutionzed the country. before Com | 1 Soat took possession in the name of he United States. The alternative was presented to hiiu oi | victory death, ani he chose the former.
 Al the mIddle oi May, Capt. Fremont in pursu ance ihis design to reac Oregon aud return by the Coumba aud Missouri thrn the northern Pass m tue Rocky Mountains, had arrived al the great Ihma'h Lake, in the edge of thi Oregon territory, when he found his further progress completely barred Oy the double obstacle of hostile Indians whom Castro had excited against him, and the lofty mountains, GOV cred with deep and falling snows. which made May in that elevated regan the same as the middle | of winter. These were the difficulties and dangers | in front. Behind, and the north bank oi the San Francisco bay, at the military post oi Sonoma, was General Castro, assembling troops with the a. vowed intention of attacking both Fremonts party and all lhe Amercaa settlers, against whom lhe fn dians had already been excited. Thus his passage barred in front by impassahle snows and monntalnsi | hemlned in by savage Indians, who were thinnlag the ranks of hIs little party-menaced by General at the head of ten fold forces of all arms-lhe A. nerican settlers in California marked out for de- slrucon a false accusation of me dating revolt under his instigation -his and horses suffering from fatigue, cold and iamine-and afer the most anxious deliberations upon the dangers of hIs posi- lion, and upon all the responsibilities of his conduct, Captain Fremont deter rined to turn upon hls pur- suers, and fight them instantly, without regard 10 numbers, and seek saely for his party and the A mefican settlers, by oserlurning the Mexican gov- l in Unt June that he came 10 this determination; and, the resolution being taken, all half way measures were discarded, and rapid execution of the plan commenced. On ihe Huh of June, supply of POO horses for Castro's troops, ihe way 10 his camp conducted by officer and fourteen men, were sur prised nt daylight, and the whole captured-the men and officer being released, and the horses being re- tained for American On the 18th, at day break the military post of Sonoma, (the point of rendez vous and intended head qnarters) was surprised and taken, with nine pieces of brass cannon, two hand red and fifty stand of mu-kets. other arms and anu nition with several superior officers. Gen VaelO, (Val-va.ho,) his brother, Capt. Vallejo, Coone iireuxdOn, and others; all Oi whom were detained aud confined prsoers.
 Capt Fremont lben re pared To the American settlements on the Rio de Jos Ams1cdaos to obtain assistance; and receiving express from his little garrison o fourteen in Sonoma, that Gen. Castro was preparing the bay of San Francisco and attack them with a large force, he set out m the afternoon ol ll,e 23d of June with nIneiy mounted rfemen, and travelling day and night, arrived at , two o'clock in the morning oi 25th al S"noma = eighty miles distance. The vanguard of Castro's fer ce had crossed the bay-a squadron of seventy f dragoons coaimanaed by de Ia Tore-which was attacked and defeated by twenty AnTricans, with the loss of two killed and woanded the part of the Mexicans, and inary 10 themselves de Ia TOrre barely escaping with the loss of his trans porl boals and spikng SIX pieces of artillery In Ihe msaH time two of Capt FremOnt's men, going as an express, captured by de ia 1orrss men, and being bound To trees cut to pieces alive with knives in returo for which. three of de la I0rTes men being taken, were instantly shot The north side of the bay of San Francisco cleared ; of the enemy, and the ilh day of July. Cap'ain Fremont called the Americans together al Sonunla k, addressed them upon the dangers of their situation, and recommended declaration of independence, and war upon Castro and his troops, as ihe only means of safety The independence immediately de. cared, and proc aimed
 1 4 few days afterwards, officer from Commo- dore Sloal brought intelligence that lhe American flag was hoisted at Monerey-an example winch was immediately followed where the flew - The pursuit ned defeat of Castro then the only remaining enterprise. He had fled south toward be numerous Mexican towns aud settlements beyond Monterey, with his four live hundred men; and Captain Fremont, leaving fifty men in garrison, , sci ou with hundred and sixty mounted rifle. i men in the pursuit. when he received instructions from Commodore Sloat march upon Monterrey He did so, and found Commodore Stockton in com mand, approving ihe pursuit of Castro, and adding it by all the means in hls power. The sloop. .oiwar | Cyane was put at hls service Capt. Fremont, with one hundred and sixty American rihemen and seven ty mariners, embarked that vessel, and sailed down the coast the 26th of July 10 San Diego fnur hundred miles south of Monterey, and hun dred south of Puebla de los Angeles, where Castro WAS understood 10 be, with an increasing force of five hundred men. The descent of the coast as far as San Diego with the view to get head of Castro, and to be in position either 10 intercept him If he fled south Mexico, or to Lower Cali forna, or turn back upon him il he renamed in Puehla de los sAngeos, or any of the numerous towns in the neighborkood. In either event, the enlerprize will peobably have it's conclusion early in August, and official details may be looked for by the first arrivals from the North Pacific ocean.
 LIEUT.. RADFoRD.-The Mississippl Repnbli- can conlalns letter describing the capture of the Malek-Adhel the Pacific coast, the particulars of which we have already published but extract the following. This gallant officer for some time stationod here in command of the Ontario
 ''Some few days since, Lieut. Radford, in the command of sixty in the boats of the U. $. ship Wa,ren--having previously made arrangements for the enterprise-passed within musket shot of town containing five or Six thousand inhabitants, and Il garrison of eght hundred soldiers. boarded Mexi- can brig in daylight. and brought her of the har- bor-lhus making a prize of her in the lace of the