Carroll free press. [volume] (Carrollton [Ohio]) 1834-1861, 1846-02-13

the mouth OF a river aud Of ils course a
claim to the whole eountry drained hy such
river, have all been leeognized to = certain.
though not well-defned extent by al tho
European nations claiming various portions
of America. And she cannot deny the
facts, that las Mr. Grepnhow Justly con-
cludtsl the sea shore bad beeu generally
examined from the 4ed, and minuiely from
the 45,h 10 the 4eIh degree Of latitude,
Noo,ka Sound di.corered, and the general
direction Of the coaa from the 48ih to the
58th degree OF l,titude sscerained, by the
Spanish expeditions, in the years l774 and
l775. Of Perez, Heceta. and BodegI
QuaGra; that The American Captsia Gr'y
was the first who, in 1893, entered into
and aseertained The existence of the river
Columbia and the place where il emptied
in'o the sea; that. prior to that discovery,
the Spaniard Heceta was the frs, whohsd
been within the bag, called Deception Bay
10y Meares, into which the river does emp
"; that, of the foHf naViEat0rS who had
been in that bay prior to Gray's final dis
covery, the Spaniard lieceta and the Ame-
rican Gray were the only ones who had aF-
serted that great river empiied irsei into
that lay, IIcceta having eCeu given nsn'e
70 the river, (St Roc.) and tie entrance
having heen designated by h- own nume,
EnsAnnada de Heceta.) whilst the two
E1zlj.h navi=a1or~, Mrlres and Vancou-
yer, had both concluded thai no large river
had lis nouih there; that, in the ycaI 1905,
Lewis and Clarke were the first who de-
scended the river Columbia, from one OF
its principal western source t" is ulcu,h;
that the first actual occupa! cy il that quar-
ter was 10y Mr.. Astor's compan,, on the
Gath OF March, f8Ii. tn 'agh Mf. Thnmp-
son, the astronomer o. the British North
west Company, who arrived at Astorii OF
the 18th OF Juy y,mly have wintPred on or
near some northern source on the river in
50 degree north latitude; that amoog,t the
factories established by that American
company one was situated at the counu-
encp OF the Okanagan with the Columbia,
in about 40 degrees of latitude; that the
42d degree is the boundary, west Of the
Stony Mountains, established hy treaty be-
tween Spain, now Mexico, and the United
States; that the 49.h degree is likewise
the boundary, rm the Like Of the Woods
to the Stony Mountains, established 10y
treaty between Great Britain ard thp Unit
ted States; and that therefore the right Of
the United States, which may be derived
from the principle Of contignlIy or continue
ty, palhraces the territory west OF the Stony
Mountains contained between the 42d and
49lh degree OF latitude.
OutGng other CONSIDERATIONS which az
ply principally 10 the teri tory north OF ta-
ca Straits, where the claims OF 10th parties
are almost exclusively derived from their
respective discoveries, including those OF
Spain, it may be nationally inferred from the
preceding enumeration that there remain
various questions which must be consider
ed by Great Britain as being still doubtful
and debatAble. and that she may therefore,
without any abandonment OF positive
rights, recede from the extreme pretensions
which she has advanced in the discussion
respecting division Of the territory
But. although conjectures may be formed
and the course pursued by the Govern
ment Of the United States may have an in
fluence OH that which Great Britain will
adopt, it does not belong TO me 10 discuss
what that Government may or will do.-
This paper is intended for the American,
and not for the English public; ard my at
tenton has been principally directed 10
those points which may be considered hy
the United States as doubtful and debata-
bic.
1t was expressly stipulated that nothing
contained in the conventions OF 1918 and
1927 should be construed to impair, or in
any manner affect, the claims which either
Of the contracting parties may have to any
part Of the country westward Of the Stony
or Rocky Mountains. After the most cool
and impartial investigation of which am
capable, have not been able TO perceive
any claim on the part of Great Britain, or
debatable question, respecting the telrit,
ry south Of Fuca's Straits, but the species
OF occupancy by the British Fur compa-
nes between the year 1878 and October
2Oth, 1873; and this must be considered in
v III the restoration of-"all ter
rtory, places, and possessions whatsoever,