Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1846-07-21

nrbaf is the total amount OF our loi.
norris which, from the year lSi3, "heh '"e -.
invasion upnn The protection Vi our uo" e. 9sI
us'y made BY me- la ann rose s4a may be
ss;d ,ha, IN. China trade has done ms: 81
n,csslv ercude that trade. In lS42, aPdIl 'Io.A
ihe China trade The exports 10 all other coun' ,u.,
nyce,,t.h;na amounted 10 Gi6,4i ,01U IN .osf
thev increased Omillions, and amounted 10 ~ ~
600 600 and This as said before, oeluI ,n,s re
China trade altogether. In Inc iea' 80, ,,c,
can on,y have the account Tor The ! hon 20 rho
ceedins December, 1874. 1 ne chPo III ror,s If
nr;ncinal articles Of manufacture 70 al pa, e,1
ihe wa,M were. in 1913, f4l G000co; IN ioii'
eJ-sIo ono, in 1915, fl1, 76i 600; lhns snow
inc another increase IN 1872 haar.
81 ., ,,e take the results Of the revenue as 'ed,
- hi. ouestion. In 1912. the House VIII
rocol,ec, proposed reductions on me cus'u -,
a,,i.s 10 The amount OF an eslinia'r.i iuss " 49,
AS 900: and in 1914 proposed luI."ef ga
| ION in the customs duties 10 the aihou"' ~ -
eco; and in lS45, 10 The immense "'no ,.r, ,heso
1IS n00 estimated that The total loss ,1o 'ne>.
1911 ,educ,;,ns would be e., l.90Uo; anu ie'
= ha renpmbered, | discard The revenue from
rrnr hoth SIDES. Have my expectations
.ein n noai:ysG1 Have Tour millions been LOST
Tbo ,otal amount oi The loss has been L.,
| ,. con 7 dealt with The excise last year, ana
49,. reduction Of million in That department.
,'','a '., al III. whole Of the glass duties. took
III ,be auction duties. But observe, Wha' mas
hem llie efIcci2" 81 believe mat, polwi'hs'anu.
mo The total reduction, The absolute loss inceea o.
nne million in The excise, The revenue from ina'
dsnartmen; will be more than ever, for there mas
heen salient spring OF prosperity which mas
! more than supplied the deficiency. ,..s.
u. also informs US that the duties were chieny
romaved from four principal articles flax To-
re,an cattle, lard, wool. The price OF lax al
EsIias, vas. in 1919 from G5s. 10 61s. per Ton; IN
1914 G3s. 10 Gas; in 1915, t4s. 10 6Ss.; N lo4o'
10.. 10 SOS. Price OF provisions mas also risen
ia 1910 only 81 cut q foreign lafd orousn. n mo
'h.c,,nn,ry. in 1913 4s.2l2 cwi; in 1914 10000
cwt: in ls45, s9,G00 cwl.; in is44, from aos. per
Nv, ,sl5 as. and 1916, 62s. In 1912 there were
/ AZ snc G00 lbs foreign wool imported; in ls41,
| :, -o0 oop; and in 10 months Of last year. there
va. tssn no less than G5 2l60G0 lbs. In 1872,
nr;ce If Snuth Down wool, when there was
fnv nnon foreign, was Id; OF long wool, lod;
- Isl3 II South Down. I'd; OF long wool,
I'D in ls4i. tie price OF Souih Down was Is.
and 3D.; oil long wool, Is. I'd; 10 December isl3,
eiohieen months after the total reduction Of thc
| div the price OF South Down wool rose from
I'D, the price in 1872 10 IS. 40 ne aver
ace price in December, 1915, oil South Down,
as. P, ~ "A and Of long wool, Is. 2l.-[See
~ ~ Eshrnary % for Sir Robert Peers
| SPECIFY ,.,,;or &c d,,;es - ii.
amount OF f4l29 OOo, has diminished Inc reve-
me bul FL 500 c0, and lead TO constant IN
creosa l,om exports until in the last il amour
! red IA :; little more than tlG,c00UuO, or about
\ S5O eco O00 Could there be more Striking EVIL
/ dcncc u The Stimulus given To The productive
now.r al country by The removal oil restric-
| lions upon commerce than such an increase IN
The exro7;s as has been produced by so snail
(l,tr ig
almost equally conclusive as 10 the loss Of n3-
o1aI wealth which is occasioned by nnnecessa
~ restrictions upon commerce. In looking 10
Tie history OF The effects ct the restrictive po-
lcy upon the productive industry turn first
10 The exposition of evidence in support Of
he memorial prepared by The "primanent
Committee of The Free Trade Convention, as.
semh!ea al Philadelphia an exposition Of
which MIR Henry Lee, Of Boston, was the au-
thor. | could moi appeal 10 any documen, more
distinguished Tor research, ability, and impair
i,aiiiy. In that exposition | find The follow
ing s,a;em. NJ in relation 10 a comparative view
al uu. tonnage during two periods OF Is wears
cach-he one from 1904 10 1916 and the other
from 1917 10 1929: we appTehend, however,
there can hardly be doubt on any mans mind
who has reflected upon the subject, that from lsUf
10 1876 our commerce and navigation suffered
more injury than they derived benefit from the
wars OF Europe, especially il we lake in view the
losses incident 10 our own measures OF defence
consesnen, upon those wars. Yet, as We have
shown, our foreign navigation during that inter
val increased al The rate OF l9 per cent, and our
coa.ins navigation al the still greater rate OF 50
per cent while in The subsequent thirteen years
Of profound peace and general prosperity our
coastins tonnage increased only ~ per cent,
while our foreign navigation decreased 10 per
cen,-e1hibiling The Notifying TACT Of rednc-
lion from 500, 72i 10 650,l42 tons, which, how
ever is more than can be probably employed
while taxed and oppressed by protecting sys-
tenn" Exposition oi Evidence, No. s, r. lS)-
Upon tie same authority We are assured that
"trom l. 100 to 1907, incusive-nne years, during
four Of which our commerce was interrupted ~
an embarso-our exports averaged SS3,9C9 cG9
For The last nine years, including 1880, The aver
age is but 81 ,Sl7.374." Exposition oiEvdence,
| No. 5. .. 81 The first periods taken in these
comparisons were periods Of low revenue duties;
the others were periods ot comparatively high
protective duties. OF S2f,34l ,62f imported in
1890. S2i az. 29i paid per cent dny =, 59l
752 paid - TO 10 per cent duty; 1881 paid
IL - to Is per cent. duty, averaging about .
per cent, (HoSon memorial oil 1877, p. GU
For other periods and for more extended
view of the comparative effects Of high and low
duties upon our commerce, turn now 10 table
compiled By Mr.. Calhoun, OF South Carolina,
| from otficia! reports, and published in speech
delivered by him in March, 1912. In comparing
| The eiiecls Of high and low duties upon exports
and tonnage, he look period OF years, from
| 1925 10 1892 OF high duties, and another, 1888
| 10 1910, under the luwer duties OF The compromise
acr. In The first period, The sum of the domestic
exports was $3.50, l9S, SOD in the second, S7GS-
$50 3G5. In The year 1925, they amounted 10
1864. TAG; in 1852 they had declined 10 S63
1877 5Gi But in The year 1883, they amounted 10
a70,3lT ,G9S and in 1910, under The low duties Of
the compromise act, they had increased 10 Sii3-
1851 In lie frs; period the American ton.
| ne 90 increased from 42S Ill tons in 1925, only
10 I39 450 in 1882; but in The second period OF
lower duties il increased from SOC, ii9 in 1888,
| 10 2iSo IT'S in 1870 During the whole OF the
first period the export Of domestic manufactures
was nu 2t3 ISL, 765, whilst in The last, i. amounl-
"a 10 S659lI 0iS. They declined rom So 129,
197 in 1926, 10 SJ054.63 in 1892; but they rose
from &C, 551 ESQ in 1888 10 2oi6S40 in 1910.
In comparing the exports OF cotton and tobacco,
three periods were taken: from 1890 10 1896, f:cm
1927 Ia 1888. and from 1884 10 1914. The ex-
ports Of cotton amounted 10 $40. 165 1913 in The
ii 81. to SOL 1902 2i7 in The second, and 10 Si35-
300 S5i in the third The exports Of tobacco
announced 10 Si3 all ,i69 IN The trsi, 10 :'39 9G3
i60 in he second and 10 SJ1 500 0as II 'he hind.
The average price Of cotton was ID. cents per ID.
| IN III: ElSt, ~ teHlS pei ~. H w Stcoii,i,
| aud l3l ceIis in the lhirG; and this Wills,
the quantity produced was rapidly iHcreas-
ing. In order 10 complete the statistical view
of the operation OF high nd low duties, 50
as TO embrace The tariff of 1872 must now re-
Ter 10 some tables prepared BY myself from The
last annual report of The Secretary Of the Trea-
sury | have taken period of The three years
before The tariff OF 1912 ard compare it with a
period OF three years since. The sum OF cnr ex-
porls during the first period OF low duties was
374 $50, l65 dollars, in the latter period il was
but $40, 1913, 80 dollars, being loss of about %,
100000 dollars, per annum. The sum Of our
imports during The first period was 397 ~ s2S
dollars in The second il was 200 ,39s dollars.
In he first period our re-expcIlaion OF foreign
merchandise was 5l,l53,9iS dollars, in The Sc.
cond il mounted to 80 3s4 3al dollars; thus losing
The profits on the re-exportaton OF nearly $780,
600 dollars worth OF foreign merchandise PER
anuum. Our exports of cotton amounted 10
800 -