Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1846-04-17

s'idssacnuseits, nr. hupeon,I lney die s'a.e0
ior 1913 and lS4i hnd statements Of statistics
in mere party productions So constantly inaccu-
rate that always use ihem with dis;rust. Bul
in This instance ] fni them % correspond very
nearly with those made last June by Sir James
Graham, and The Home Secretary, in The debate
upon The repeal Of the corn laws, and presume
they may be relied on. In 1913, the imports
were 1883 232 bushels. In 1914 they were g.
JS6 1879. In I6i5, hey were supposed 10 have been
souewhat larger. II, therefore, The surplus pro-
duced in Europe exceeded these amounls 10 any
considerable ex;eGt there would have been
large accumulation in the grain mars. Bu. 80
far from ths being The case, when The aie Vi IA
vorable harvest happened. The statements were
universal, that the STOCK on hand 10 England and
upon the continent was never known 10 be So
light; 50 much so. that several oil the govern
menls have prohibited exports OF grain. As an
o;her rIoof thai The surplus did not exceed the
export 10 England | may refer 10 The fact, that
during tina, lime, the average price of whea, on
The continent, whor freight and charges 10
England, was Ass. per quarter, or. allowing for
exchange, about 81 u. per hushs This price,
/ which is higher than lhc genera! average, is in
consistent with the idea of an accumulated sar
I rlus. think ihefe:ors, thai am safe ia saying
iha. the surplus on tie continent, in series o.
/ years will noi exceed from six 10 eight millions
! o: bushels, unless there largely increased
p o,luetion,here. Is This probable1 Here, again
! Shall resort freely 20 lhe information furnished
i in the returns o! the British co1sus.
! lsl, rs 10 Russia. The consul, state lha, an
! increased supply is nct TO be LOOKED iu,; and The
reasons given ior the opinions are conclusive
| The one from St. Petersburg writes that
! THE district OF ST. Petersburg does not pro-
duce grain sufficient for is oven consumption
and he deficiency is supplied from The inland Pro
! vinces."
The ono from Riga says:
"rhe rapid increase Of manufactures in thiS
! couu,r, has wiihtIawn many ban3s from tillaee,
which, in thinly populated country like Russia,
! must operate against any increase OF agricul-
lure In fact, il is considered by many 10 have
contributed Ia the deficient production 81 corn in
this country fnt sOrhe years past although This
deficiency may he principally attributed 10 The
seasons. Flax is being WEAKLY more ard more
cultivated in Russia and especially in this Pro-
vince. and the nechnoring ones ni Esfhonli,
Courlanl. Li;huania aud in White Russia be-
ing an article that always finds 2 ready sale in he
Riga market al remuneraling prizes; which also
lends to counlrrac any great increase in the pro-
.uclion OF corn; 10 which may also be added the
yearly extending eslablishnents OF beet-Tcct sugar
,efneIes aud cultivation VI beet Icol, more par
,iculaily il the internal Provinces Of lie empire
But the most conclusive reason is given oy the
consul al Odessa
"rhe;e would he no material increase, and
certainly not in a .horl space Of time Isl, Be
,-use in Podoa and kirvv, whence Ctcssa &C.
riyes il. principal supplies, The greatest guam
,i,v possible O. Grain is at al! times produced
without regard TO plict srd demand, in conse-
quencc Of cap,a bring infested in slave labor,
which is not otherwise 10 De employed. =. Be.
cause The plains called s:eppes, adjacent 10 the
Black sra and A7cph, are !hinly populated; So
that, in ycaIs when tie c:ors arc abundant, lheT
are seen suffering or the ground Tor want reap
ers. 81. Because on these steppes crops are ex-
ceedinglv precautions, by reason nf drought, The
common calamity Of this climate; Of The high
winds, which carry of The seed from this dusty
soil; OF The early lhaws and subsequent irosts.
wi.hou, snow. ilh. Because t.i'age is detective
and Improvement difficult, Under tie rresen, cir
cGm.tances uiihe country. 9TH. Because distances
are great, and communications unaiced by art
there heics no roads, aad the rivers bsins unna
yeab,e. 6;h. Because the landhoiders are imrc-
:ersb.d and most Of then indeo:ed tc the crown
and the working classes ale degraded hy theil
condition of slavery. III Because no prosres
sive Improvements arc 10 be expected in Russia
until great organic changes are brought about OF
so lons as the real interests OF The country hit
sacrificed 10 an aa,i-csmmsrcial policy VtFi
high prices NAV indeed cause al times greater
expectation, not BY increase oi production, but By
extending the circle Of supply"
All ,hc.anlhcnlic accounts of Russia and Pc
land, which are included together, agree viii
.ho,e present rs 10 The mode and difficulty q
navigating The rivsrG, present The following ac
count Ut The trade Of Dan:zic:
"The largest supplies ol grain itnr1lseu iE'o
G,ea; Britain have genera lily r'"'e ifo'h Oanlzic'
The grain is chiefiy br~"-nt rom me ihletio! On
IN. river Vistp!-. 6ug, &c. IN haboais oil The
rn,s.t construction open 10 The effects IL he
az. ~. Tn Nm; IL
passage, which LASTS several weeks, aud even
months, ih. sprcr,ins Of he wnea, on The top
forms thick mat, and thai constitutes ,oieTa-
bic covering for The bulk. The boats carry from
$50 10 200 quarters q, 440 10 Geo bushels) 81
wheat; are navigaied BY six or seven men, with
small boat 10 sound ahead, to find The shifting
shoals; are broken up and The materials sold q,
pabzic. The wheat Gall bu, ths grown surface
is thrown out upon The fields and driei and then
stored in warehouses, the whole Of which are ca
pable Of holding 500,0C0 quarters, 100000
bu-hels.) The average cost OF the inland freight,
including waste, is IS. I'D. per quarter, equal 10 25
cents per bushel. The expense Of drying, clean
ing and warehousng, at Danzir, is Is. more, or
* cents per bushei"
This is the manner in which the trade is carried
N ore great grain mar; lei US see how il is
n. other. Mr. Plat, in his history OF the corn
\ til, says:
avs. com growing countries in the Souheasi
"'i'he =, and in The countries bordering th-
{ Eu~op export their prodnce by the Don, The
black Sea. Dniesier, and the Danube, or by
)neper, III, 10 ODESSA for shipment 10 foreign
and carriage 'ha, por; stands in the same rela.
ounlrie>; and y Europe as Oanizc does TO tie
on 10 the South, he principal supply, however,
Northern par. i. IN in carts drawn BIZ oxen
, brought 10 The 70, z from one 10 lour hundred
rom distances var'n, England is org, and there
niles. The voyseeio. n heating, and The ex-
great rsk OF 'nr srd. is 10 l5s. or les. or
ven Dos. The quarter, or ST. manner in which
Mr. Jacolw's account Of the VOW, Inc phys;eaI
arm is transported to Odessa, 81 m berom,nn ;
,nnossbirv OF This compeiti, aoricnur;s .
,,1.,er Of anxicry 10 the most timio ;. roo o,er.
Each of these cars are drawn b.
md Mr.. Piale says \ rugged
Give oxen cannot travel over sne zen N,
,i,ls and deep sands as are found rev -rea,et
.,rr Growing districts and Odessa al ,,;lss
a,c nan ,e1 miles rer dav. Each hundred
.;lI lhus REQUIRE ten days work ioft"o oxen
N. man" In The journey Of ncar lUo m.
across the srppes, in the months 10 ~hien ~.
rIsa,sr number oil carriages pass over lne,h' ~
Sss,,aion is wholly hucnt M, when, WIN ~
.carc,,r Of water. must cause much expense ~
The maintenance. Of The ca't'e. u;,h
These are tie two great gram mar -"
which The gentleman THINKS We eh,'n :. pr,..;. i
u. As,3 Prussia. Agriculture IN PRUSSIA ~ y
in such an advanced state, The fopela,on = M
creasns 50 RAPIDLY AMI he farmers ma me o',ea
ing d horses cse and sheep pIoho oos.d 1 or
rom ,,,is kingdom And here permit me 70 re-
nark once for all, that inc proposed cnanse .,
,be R,;,;sh tariff which admits i've animals, ano
80, ho,h sal, and fresh free Of dnly, Is caicn'a
,ad - ;rrresse rather ,hnn diminish, grazing ~
m, me countries near England. In grain and sauce
meat they will have competitor, n a,s'a anil; d mas
", w. E = mnrke, 10 themselves. The consul
aThe farmers fad il more Probable % aeso'e
heir attention 10 the breeding Of sheep horses a'a
ca,,i. which answer better than growing corn.
From Danlzic: ,..-; n,,,x;.
are in such an advanced state OF cultivation ma.
larger supply Tor shipment could not Be expected
aThe Production Of all kinds Of grain has, these
,ro mr. three wears. been extended 10 consider.
IL 4.n-... /, ls therefore no. to be e1pec'eu INC