The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04

rson OF the rates OF duties upon some OF the
ARTICLES as actually paid under the present tar, ana
10 be levied on the same by the nrih OH Just assed'
II will be seen that she duties on many descriptions
~ articles mostly Injuries, nave been largely IN
creased by the new ball, whilst those on many de-
scriptions of every day necessarles have been as
.yeIy decreased. or the latter, those OF manufae-
tuFed iron stands conspicuous; but on these Ii sun
preserved an ad yalorem duty OF 50 per cent ms
viii Weld protection of about Sc per ton IN favor
of American manufacturers; which, we are told by
an extensive dealer will abundanty secure the iron
interest Of the country. So that we doubt whether
Pennsylvania is irretrevaby ruined after all though
many of the journals Of that State pertlnaciously IN
,ls, that such is the case. Her iron wh doubt
less have TO content themselves with somewhat
smaller profits, which they are abundantly able to
do IT, as is asserted, they clear their enure capital
every two years and sometimes in less time.
The duty on cotton shirtlngs costing o. cents per
ward is reduced from IS to 80 per cent This
change will be universally felt by our citizens, but
more especially by every poor citizen, who is now
obliged to pay for every yard Of cotton shirtlng he
uses six cents for the stuff and six cents premium
to the manufacturers for making il. The millions
Of dollars that have been thus eSacted from the
poorer classes Of this country by the enormous ex-
ortion in favor Of the cotton manufacturer Tor
many years past, would have supplied the whole
western continent with sixpenny shlrtlngs.
There is another feature in this item Of taxation,
which will render the pals Of its reduction far less
acute than it would perhaps otherwise have proved
to the Amencan people.
The tariff, as il now stands, charges a duty Of 6
cents per yard common shirtings, and SO per cent
on ready -made clothing The result of this is thai
the material Of shirt is taxed but not the labor
n making it; as, for instance, cotton shirngs are
bought in Manchester at 6 cents per yard, OF the
same quality for which IL cents is charged here. In
London as proved before the poor-law commits
nf he laF0 IFt-
houses, shirts are made from seven to twenty-four
cents each, II we take 20 cents each as the aver
age, (and il is VIGOROUSLY high average for New
York, a shirt will cost, say 81 yards of cloth at
cents, is cents; making 20 eents-total, IS cents
The duty on that shirt brought to New York Is l.
cents. The duty on the raw material IN New York
IS l6 cents There is, therefore, but one cent IN
makiEs shirt difference between the labor Of Lon
don, stigmatized "pauper labor" and the indus
try Of the mother Of family in New York. There
is, however, a difference Of l6 cents between the
price of the raw material, furnished by the mill
owner of Manchester, aud that sold by the Lowell
mills, The widow has one cent protection, and the
monuiro esPiialists sirieen cxris shirt; and the
10 cents Is paid by the laborng man out of his daily
earnings. ...- --.-....-
The question very naturally recurs, what will be
the effect Of the reduction of this duty from TO
cents per yard Is not the answer sefevldenG-that
the laborer will get moo shirts for what he pays
for one consequently, t,oo shirts must be made
where one was made before. All the shirt-makers
in New York will have double the work. The de-
mand for their services raises the wages. The l6
cents which now goes to the mill owner for the raw
material, will then 60 onehalf to the seamstress for
making it up and the other half TO the consumer as
the reduced cost Of this shirt. Under the present
tariff the consumer and The seamstress contribute 8
cents each, every Shirt to the pockets of the mill
owners.
The duty on common brown sugar is also reduced
from e. TO 30 per cent.--a reduction whose effects
will be sensby felt in the cabins Of the poor from
one extreme of the land TO the other, whilst indl-
rectly the palaces Of the rich will also experience
considerable relief. On the other hand, coarse IN
manufactured wool is raised from to 80 per cent
the most costly lannels from Ia to 30 per cent; gems
and precious stones from to 30 per cent; jewellery
from 20 to 80 per cent, &c, DC.
On the whole, we incline to the opinion, that ia
king in view "the greatest good ofthe greatest num-
bern the new tariff will he far less destructive to
American interests and American industry, than
some of our contemporaries seem to anticipate. The
people, through the ballot boxes and their repre-
sentatives in Congress- have decided in favor of a
protective policy; and, as the Tribune very SEN
sbly remarked
1--WE have no choice but submission. We can
live under the anti-protective policy as well as a
majority Of those who support It, Mr., Webster
truly remarked on Monday that a community will
ing to work fourteen hours per day steadily cannot
well be ruined. We shall studiously avoid panic
making We shall most of US live somehow until
our time comes, under this or any tariff. Grass
will grow and water run as usual; frugal, sharp
sighted men will acquire property, while lndolent
prodisa AL bad calculators will lose what falls to
them, and live in destitution as formerly Manu-
featuring and mechanical arts will still be prosecu-
ted often with success; and the most of those who
are able and willing to work effectively, will find
work to do at some rate. Let us all try our best to
have things move on as favorably ss though this
great change had not been made If we are brought
to dead halt, SO be it; but let no man lie down in
the furrow and say everything MUST 60 to wreck be-
cause McKay's bill has passed"
From the New York Globe
PASSAGE OF THE REVENUE BILL-THE GREAT
FREE,TRADE TRIUMPH
The great question of liberty, of civilization, of
the age the question of free trade has at last been
decided. The Senate yesterday passed the bill for
reducing duties to the revenue standard as came
from the House, only striking out an unimportant
section.-and to-day the House concurred in the
amendment 40 that the bill only wants the sigma
|ture of the President to become law By this act
in connexion with similar one of the British Para-
ment Just passed, the commerce of one hundred and
fifty millions of people, the citizens and subjects of
the two countries, has been unfettered. Truth has
GENE forth from the closet Of philosophers and
guided the councils Of cabinets, and directed the
government Of one-sxth of the human race. The
hosry preiudces of time immemoral have been con-
Iquered and the dynasty of monopoly, after ages of
Tyranny and plumber, has been expelled from power
is the mghtes revolution of our eventfu age, and
the battle and the triumph have been worthy Of the
cause and the achievement. Ills victory Of prin-
ciple, Of reason, of opinion, unsained with blood
unyexed with the clash OF arms.
The scene in the Senate for the last few days has
been replete with profound instruction and sublimi-
ty The two great intellectual cheftains of the land
were there, Calhoun and Webster, in this last de-
clsve conflict of their systems-Calhoun, after a
struggle Of more than quarter OF century as the
first great statesmen Of either hemisphere, who had
devoted ranscendant intellect to the triumph of the
great principle and identified it with his power and
fame; Webster, who, although Of kindred senti-
ment In his YOUTH had devoted the maturity Of his
mlnd and the prime Of his life to the service
OF privilege and Of capital Webster spoke
frequently; but his efforts were not equal to
the occasion or to his reputation. He seemed to
oe oppressed with consciousness Of his coming
fate, or the weakness Of his cause. He never sue
ceeded in rising above the rte falacies OF the tariff
argument, and failed in making such an impression
as TO provoke the strength of his riyawho sat with
4 conscious triumph in his eye, and IN the repose
winch belong to the victor when The battle is over
ifIdeed, although nearly all the leading wings adj