davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
NOTICE.

Wood. Potatoes, Corn. Flour, Meal. Pork But
ter. Lard. Tallow. good Tallcw Candles. Bees
wax. Feathers. Oats. Fodder. nr anythiro else
that Is commonlv'cnnsumea. viii Re thank fully re-
ceiyed at this Office in exchange for the Banner,
Or Job Printing.
T.--. ! N;rL.r P,srriSers.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
l. Ii. Burbbaygc's

Z vNTTED States Newspaper subscription and
advertising Agency and Proprietor Of The
old established Real Estate, Negro, Money Agen-
cy AMI Intelligence Office, SAINT Louis, Mo.
n. B.-Post paid letters, including a fee of one
Dollar, soliciting information End intelligence vii
receiycan answer in return.
/. B. BURBBAGE, Gen. Agent.
St. Louis. No, 1916.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
JOB PRINTING

OF all kind can be neatly executed al cheapest
rates, and in the best style at the Banner Office.
If any one wants work done, such as Blanks (of
any description } Circulars. Cards, Hand Bills.
Horse Bills, SC, they can be accommodated at this
Office whensvsr they call.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.

A. j. PORT Err, attorney at Lac,
BowliI s-Gresn Mo-, regularly attends the
Circuit Courts Of Pike, Rails, Lincoln,
Warren, and Montgomery.
Feb. 2Sth, 1876.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
NOTICE..

Having made other arrangements, wish
to inform the public that the sale lately adj
v~ertised over my name, will not take place
at the stated time. The same property will
be disposed of next fall, of which due
notice will be given.
JOHN A. FINDER.
January 9th, 1876.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

B. Eller Tho:. J: Wright on he lat Of April
1876, DR.. VIM. :. knoN 70 Miss Sarah L., da,gh-
ter OF W. W. Browning, OF Lincoln county.
On the 81 inst, " Rev. Jchn Hughes, .ir
Ninrol Gur 30 Mrs. Eliz45eih II. Phelps, Gate
OF Va ali OF Pike County.
On THURSDAY. April -, By Rev. \. D.. Ian
drum, Mr.. AI,A. Miller 10 Miss Barbara +.
Pcay, all Of Pike county.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
SALE OF REAL Estate.

NOTICE is hereby given. that the undersien-
ed. heirs Of Andrew Love. deceased. will
on the 2nd day of March. A. d. 1886. before
the Court House door, in the town of Bowling
Green. in Pike County, Mo-. proceed TO sell to
the highest bidder. on a credit of Twelve months,
the following described Real Estate. to wit: Tia
west half of the south east quarter of section II.
township 50, north Of range 4 west. containing
Eighty acres. more or less, living and situated in
the County Of Pike. on the waters of Indian creek.
about ten miles west of Bowline-Green. There
is situated on said land a good dwelling house
and kitchen. and stable. and other comfortable out
houses, together with about thirty acres under q
good fence, and in a high state of cultivation.
The purchaser will he REQUIRED TO give bond
with annroved security for the purchase money.
The title TO said land will be secured To the pur-
chaser hv = good and sufficient warranty deed,
WHOM sold.
NATHAN MASSEY.
ELlZARE.TH MASSEY,
CLARISSA STEWART,
ANDREW S. LOVE.
January 10Th, lSi6.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
List OfLetters,

n EMAINlNG in the Post Office at Bowling
Green, Mo, 31st March 1916.
Brown, CS Burbridge, Thos
Brahsttter, Adam Bowls, C
Compton, Charles + Curry, Perry
Duncan. Ann Dudley, Parker
Dismukes, Al Edwards, Geo X
Ferguson, Robt Norris, Thos
Grant, John Holcomb. VIM
Herretage, Joseph Lanius, Jacob
King, Thomas Mcmillan, X
McKoen, ] Miller, Darid
Rodifer, Samuel Stewart, Alex P
Shaw, Williamson Smith, George
Smith, Matthew Tombs, David
Taylor, Smith Thomas, Amos
Tombs, Agnes Ann Thomas, James
Venable, A Wheeler. TracyR
Warren, Israel D
H. G. EDWARDS, p. NJ.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
Louisiana, March 2Sth, 1916.
THOMAS b. DYER & CO..
Ia -HOLESALE and RETAIL DE.7LE

w IN DRY GOODS. Groceries, sct. eel,
of Main and Market Streets. -. Lau:s,
(opposite the old market place are now rcceiv-
ing Large supplies, which they Wi! sell very low
Tor CASH. jy24
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

y" DOCT. WILLIAM II. WATERS
RowLIxG-GRyrN, Mo-, ohfccone door West
of the Missouri irn.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

dF=L. A. WEIGH, attorney at Laas
Troy, Mo-, will promptly attend to aubss.
ness entrusted to his care.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

BSMITH s. ALLEN, ATTORNEY q
Law, BowLINc-GRErN, No., will attend to
all business entrusted to him with care and
promptitude.
We are authorized to announce LEONARD
NJ. RoDGERs, a. candidate for the Office Of
Constable Of Cuivre Township, at the on
sning August Election.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

Nearly all the bearing peach trees i, This mar,
Of the State as far as we have heard : d.. !" :
Killed to the groundb by thecseyere weather Of the
past winter Glasgow News. -.
They are said to be killed in tri. section Of the
State also;' but we presume i, was not the sever
ity OF the winter which prored so destructive 10
them. We have certainly had colder weather
before; and we think the seversst weather of this
climate will never kill SO harLI atree as the peach,
ii the change from summer to winter is not very
sudden But ii winter set. in very suddenly,
while the sap is eircula;I,g througe the beanches
Of the tree, 1t %freezrs, ami stops the pore. of the
tree. The early cold of last October killed the
peach trees by freezing the sap which was then
circulating, and which had NJ, hadiimeto reoede
to the roots c. the Tree.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
la. CLOTHING! CIOTHING!! ia

CLOTHING! CI.OTlIlNG!! ia
HrARMERS AND CITIZENS, when you
visit st. Louis. call On JOHN +. .hiRILN,
d. his old stand, HI Main street, who has this
day commenced receiving his Spring Stock, and
will continue TO receive, daily, throughout the
season. Nv stock, when received, will be one
OF the largest and best assorted stocks IN SAINT
Louis. 1t must be app2ren, to every one that
sell Clothing at lower prices than any other house,
from the heavy stock and the amount of business
I do. IL John T. Martin has but one Store
Beware of those who tell You 'this is Martins =,
for there arc those that dot. Look well Tor tho
Big Stone Sign. with Martin on it, across TIE
pavement, a largo number ia on top of The
house. ask only acail, convinced that YOU will
be satisfied that my prices, for the quality and
make, are unusually cheap.
Country merchants supplied onthe most reas-
enable terms. Persons wanting clothing, would
do VOL to call and examine my stock, as | pledge
myself to sell lower than any other house posi-
bly, can.
1t is no trouble to show goods at ia.
Jan. "a, 1916.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

HS. F. MURRAY, Attorney at Lar.
TRoy, Mo-, will promptly attend to any bus.
mess that may be entrusted to his care.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
ALBERT NEW

ALBERT NEW BERRY,
No. 10, Main Street, St. Louis, Missouri,
UTAS CONSTANTLY on HAND of his
o-rn Manufacturing. n Wholesale and Retail
supply of TIN and COPPER WIRE, Sheet
Iron, Wire. STOVES. CRITICS, and emery 9TH
r article in that line of business, z Cheap for
Cash. jy24
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

~ We are authorized to announce JAS.
A. RoEsrSs, Of Cuivre township, as a can
didate for the Sheritfaitv of Pike county,
at the ensuing August election, (subject to
the decision of a Democratic, County
CoRTentioni)
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

We ere authorized TO announce jon. NJ
M:LRoy as d candidate for the office ofAssessor
Of Pike county at the ensuing August election.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

earnest prayer offered up to the Giver of all
goodness, than assembled from that humble
dwelling. And when the fisherman toIdbis
sane, now Tree asntly did they all repeat the
WORDS that had given them so much conso-
,a''on IN the morning: "Fearless let him
be whose trust is in his God"
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11
April 4, 1876.
ROSS & COWIE,
BRIDLE IND HARNESS
HYMAN E. BLOCK.

HAN'UFAC TURERS,
1 RE- prepared to execute any kind Of work
in their line in the most approved style
They have always on hand large supply Of ready
ma,se articles, comprising everything usual in
such a business, which they will sell low for cash.
T-Call at No. Is, Main Street, St. Louis.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

March 4.ls46.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

~. P. MINOR, .3tOrney MLam.
BowLi.G-GKrlX, No.-oticc in the Court
"iiousc.
Democratic banner., 1846-04-11

March (. 1876.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
THE LONDON WORLD OF FASHION


AND CONTINENTAL FEUILLEToNs.
A Monthly Publication Of the Courts Of Lon
don and PGrisj-Deaicatedto to High Life,
FdshionabIes, Fashions, Polite Literature,
Fine Arts, the Operas, Theatres, &c.
Edited by several Literary and Fashion
able Characters.
In the above two works will be found, all
the Gossip of London, Paris, and the prin-
cipal Cities, of. the Continent of Europe.
Royal Gossip-Descripsion of the Queens
Drawing Room Parties, with accurate ac-
counts Of the dresses of the Ladies of Rank
-Noblemen's Fetes-Descrption of every
New Opera, with criticisms on the same
Performers, &c. Tales by the best Englisl
Authors, Poetry, New Music. Her Majesiy'
visit TO Different Nobemen-Description o
New Paintings, and the Varieties
&c.
The publication price of the above work
in London, is = dollars.
Terms of Godey's New Monthly Magd
zine, 81 year, in Advance.
All orders must be addressed, post paid
to l.. A. Cooley,
l0l Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
DLAcKwooD's LADY's MAGAZINE,

I'D And Gazette of the Fashionable World
for Town and Country, Devoted to
Belles-Lel'res, Fine Arts, Fashions, &c.
The well-known celebrity in Europe and
this Country, of Blackwood's Edinburgh
Magazine, has induced the Subscriber 10
commence the republication Of this fashion
able London Monthly.
1t is matter of surprise that the Re-pub-
lica,on OF this Work was not commenced
some years since. On looking over some of
the late numbers, we find them filled with
Stories and Poetry, and Narratives, the most
of which fall but Ii lie behind those publis
ed in the Edinburgh Work, and many surpass
even The emanations from the Giant intel
lects Of the contributors to the great North
ern Magazine. The best writers of the day
contribute to its pages.
1t has now been published seventeen years
in London, and has a circulation exceeding
10000 copies through England, of an Eng
lish Magazine receiving that compliment.
The publication will commence in October
next, and will be continued monthly.
The publication price of the above work,
in London, is Dollars.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
VIM. !. jackson, John Heaton and E. shef:

WIN. j. Jackson, John Heaton and L. She
field.
On motion, the chair selected the follow
Ling individuals TO draught resolutions OK
pressive of the sentiments Of this meeting
Wm .Dodd, James G. Haly, Thomas r
Bamber and Edward Sheffield which com
mittee retired, and afterwards returned ant
presented the following resolutions, which
were unanimously adopted;
Resolued, That while our confidence il
the patriotism Of the executive Of this nator
remains mistaken and we fully appreciate
the blessings Of peace, we nevertheless con
slider that our national rights have been
grossly violated by the late treaty with Grea,
Britain. And we believe that the democracy
Of this our beloved republic are universally
dissatisfied by its consummaton, and that il
will rest forever as blot upon our national
escutcheen is our unwavering conviction.
Resolpcd, That the ability and energy
with which our national rights have been
vindicated by Messrs. Cass, Allen and Han
Inegan is worthy Of the enduring gratitude Of
the democratic party. "'t ~ 'a'oA.
in relation to Mexico are heartily approved
as they would be in all cases where our
liberties were invaded by the enemies OF
freedom. Let Mexico abandon her affected
claim to the State of Texas and sue for
peace or her my mymdon soldiery will be
swept from existence by the hurricane Of
DEATH" .5 -t....,.
RcsoIped, That the laudable zeal and pa
triotic courage of Maj. Gen. Taylor, merit
the unaffected praise ofihis entire nation, for
his conduct as commanding officer of the
army of occupation on the Rio Grande, and
that his love of country and unequalled
ability enttle him TO everlasting farne.
Resolped, That we are opposed TO the lax
law for its inequality and .favcritism, dis
played towards bankers in exempting bank
capital while the farmer is compelled to pay
tax upon every dollar he possesses. We
therefore Indignantly reject this "hydra
headed" monster ofKelley's hatching, copy
ing as it does its corrupted parent,
"a hideous thing prodigious to behold"
Resolpcd, That the secretary be instructed
to copy the proceedings and resolutions of
this meeting and transmit the same TO the
editors of the Defiance Democrat and Kalda
Venture for publication.
On motion of w. J. jackson, the meeting
adjourned sine die.
JOHN KNAPP, Chan.
EDWARD SHEFFIELD, Sec'y.
Napoleon July %, 1916.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09

Mr.. Webster, the other day, in his place,
stated that our Mexican war expenditures had
thus far amounted 10 about halt a million
daily. He was rather indefinite in his state
ments, and found his estimates upon some
hypothesis not TO be found in the treasury
books; but if he intends 10 be understood as
saying that we are actually paying out money
10 the tune of halfa million daily, he ismuch
mistaken. We have most of our prepdra-
tons 10 make; and, consequently, very
large proportion of our expenditures are not
what may be termed of a current character;
that is, such as will be occurring every day
during the prosecution Of the war. But
even with this extra charge on the appropra-
ton, there have thus far been expended
about one hundred thousand dollars daily
Compared with Mr.. Webster's, this is COM
paratively moderate statement; neverthe
less, will vouch for its being correct; and
moderate as it is, it will make short work
with the ten millions appropriated little
more than month ago. War is a costly
game at its cheapest rate; and lis economy
consists only in It's vigorous and energetic
prosecution. Short and effective, are the
only economical maxms known TO war; and
are the ones which will guide The proceedings
of our government towards Mexlco.--Ohio
Statesman.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09

DISTINGUISHED ARRIvAL.-The Washing
ton Union of Tuesday says:-" General
Robert Armstrong, the consul Of the United
States at Liverpool, ir now in this city. He
came in the Great Western, and will return
in a few days to Liverpool. He describes
the deep impression which the unparalleled
enthusiasm of our volunteers is calculated TO
produce in Europe" The New York papers
state that he is the bearer of important des-
patches from our minister, Mr.. McLane.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
Later from the Seat Of war.

Capitulation of Reynosa MOT a Gun Fir.
edl--Carmago Opening her Gates to the
United States Army.
Thursday evening, our New Orleans pa
pers have failed. Letters Of the 18th and
18th inst. ..H .
The Mobile Register of the 10Th says:-
The steamboat "Fashion" returned from
Brazos, having landed troops who were well
received. ,aai r .a.s
She brings the report that the town of
Reynosa surrendered without resistance also
,ha, Carnage capitulated in advance.
The army is in good health. r8
Taylor's army is on the right bank of the
river D'Eshas. The company of Washing
ton and Jackson Regiments of Louisiana
volunteers are on the left bank.
Gov. Henderson, with 1000 Texans, reach
ed the Rio Grande on the 10Th, accompan-
led by II Tonkaway Indians.
The Committee sent by the Louisiana
Legislature to present the vote of thanks
to Gen. Taylor, reached Matamoras on the
Sth.
Arsta has pickets covering the roads lead
ing from Matamoras to Monterey, and the
department authorities have issued decree
denouncing as traitors all who hold inter-
course with the American forces. In spite
of all these obstacles, Gen. Taylor, avows
his determination to proceed to take Monter-
ey, as soon as means Of transportation are re-
ceived, unless counter instructions are given
by the government.
Official dispatches had arrived at Tampico
that Gen. Arista had been removed from the
command ofthe northern division of the ar
my, and Gen. Meja had superseded him.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
JAMES MACKENZIE, Sec'y.
HENRY COUNTY CONVENTION.


The democracy of Henry Co. met in con-
vention on the 2d day of July, ls4S, at the
Court house in Napoleon.
On motion of w. J. Jackson the Rev. j.
Knapp was called TO the chair, and l.. Shet
field was appointed Secretary. On being
called upon w. ]. Jackson briefly stated the
purpose of the meeting, and thereupon the
chair appointed committee to report suit
able persons TO attend the nominating CON
yention to be held at Junction on the fourth
day of July next:
The committee consisting of Messrs. j
G. Haly, VIM. Dodd, w. ]. Jackson retired,
and afterwards returned and presented their
report as follows:
The committee appointed 10 recommend
suitable persons to represent Henry County
in the district convention TO be held at juno
ton on Saturday, July 4.h, lS46,beg leave to
report the following:
Flarock 1ownship,-R. Newell, David
Harry. ar5'
Pleasant,--James Shasteen.
RidgepiAe,-E. Fenton.
aa F-eedom,-J. M. Sillick
Liberty,,-W. II. Ellis.
Napoleon,-Jamos G. Haly, A. Craig, W.
Dodd, E. Sheffield, and Joseph Haly.
Hawison,--Wm. ]. jackson, d. F. Wei
sted, and A. V. Stebbins.
Myo,--John Heaton.
Danascus,-B. M. Burnett,
RichGeM,-- WIN. Piper.
VIM ]. JACKSON,
..... JAMES G. HALv,
.........-.....,. WILLIAM DoDD.
On motion of James McGill the report OF
the committee was accepted by acclamation.
~ On motion of VIM. Dodd, the following
resolutions were unanimously adopted:
Resolped, That the delegates from this
County are instructed by this convention to
: cast their votes in favor of Benz. f. Metcalf,
of Putnam couniy, as candidate forrepre-
sentative of this district. sRlans
Resolped, That the above delegation are
also authorized 10 attend the district con-
gressional convention as the delegates Of
Henry County. sy,i .
Resolped, That a central committee be
elected by this convention to serve the m
/, forests Of The democracy of Henry County.
And thereupon the following persons were
elected by ballots VIM. Dodd, A. Goodyear,
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09

With 36 Banks in Ohio, all in full blast,
Wheat sells at 40 cents a bushel! What
will it be when the balance of Kelley's
batch are put in operation?-Licking Herald.
The Legislature at Merida had declared
the independence of Yucatan and its dsser-
verance from the Mexican Republic. 1t is
intended now 10 appoint Senor B,rbachano,
the acting governor of Yucatan, President OF
The Republc oil" three stars.n
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
NOTICE.

The democratic citizens of Pleasant Town
ship will meet at the School House in Col
umbus Grove, on Saturday the 25th inst, TO
appoint delegates to attend the County Con-
vention to be held at Kalida on the 9Th ol
August nex,-July 8, 1916.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09

NOTICE.
IWyHE subscriber was by the Court OF Common
Pleas OF Henry County, on the 9th OF June
1876, appointed Administrator of the estate OF
David Murdoch, late Of said County. Persons
having claims are required promptly to present
the same, and those indebted to the deceased are
required to make immediate payment.
c, w. J. JACKSON.
Damascus, Henry Co. July 6, 1916.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
aristocra,ic encroachmen,s, and The people

arstocraiic encroachments, and the people
from legalized plunder and peculailon.
5th. Resolped, rhstthe imposition OF Faxes
by the General Government upon foreign
imports for other purposes than revenue, rs
hostile to commerce, discrimination in favor
of class and monopoly at the expense OF the
great body Of the nation, and clog 70 the
progress and prosperity of the interests
sought to lie unjusly protected.
9Th. Resolped, That the growing abuses and
coruptons under the operation Of the State
Constitution require that a Convention of the
people be called for its amendment--to ex-
tend popular suffrage TO the election ofevery
officer under the State government; TO pro-
hibit the charter of banks and other pecuniary
corporate monopoliesi to limit the power to
create future State Debit to protect
popular privileges from further infringementi
and apply those safeguards to liberty which
progressive experience and the advance
ment of political science dictate as necessary
to the happiness and security of the people,
7th. Resolped the acquiescence of
JAMES X. Polk in the action Of the majority
of the United States Senate, in yielding TO
the British Government all that part of the
Oregon territory lying north Of ,he 49th
degree, together with its bays and harbors,
has in no degree shaken our confidence in
the unqueslionable title of our government
10 said territory, from the CALIFORNIA; on the
the South 10 the Russian Possessions on the
North ~
sth. Resolped, That President POLK, in his
trucking to the South, and his crouchlng to
the growlings of the British Lion, has been
euiltyof an Inconsistency and lreachery too
base 10 be forgiven, and wrong and dishonor
10 the nation. and has forfeited all claims
10 our confidence or respect .,t
9th. Resolved, That our highest respect is
due 10 the Horrible WILLIAM ALLEN, of the
Senate, and The Hon. w. SAWYER, Of the
House of Representatives, for their truly
American course on the Oregon question,
and we will welcome them home as faithful
representatives Of the will of their const-
tuents.
10th. Resolped, That the respect and
confidence of ,he nation is due 10 Hons.
LEWIS CAss and EDWARD HANNEGAN of the
Senate, for their firm and reliable patriot
ism in defence of the American claim to the
whole of Oregon. @
llth. Resolped, That the highly honor
able and purely democratic course pursued
by H. S. Knapp, late representative OF this
district, has secured the respect and esteem
of the democrats of this district; and while
we deeply regret that he has left this portion
of the Stale, we wish him all success in his
present more extended field Of labor in the
democratic cause.
After some discussion, and motion to
modify the terms of the 9th resolution, rela-
tive to the President, the report Of the Com
mittee was adopted.
On motion, ResoIucd, That the proceed
ings be signed by the Chairman and Secre-
tary and published in the Democratic papers
Of the District.
S. YEARlCK President.
JAMES MACKENZIE, Sec'y.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09

Accounts from Vera Cruz 10 June say,
that the neutral powers have protested aga
inst our blockade of the Mexican ports; that
Paredes is TO march with new army shortly
10 Matamoras; and that the demand on the
churches for 10000 dollars a month has not
been complied with.
The Kalida venture. [volume] (Kalida, Ohio) 1841-1865, 1846-07-09
BROKEN BANKS.
Extracts of a letter from .a


NEW York, June 25, 1916.
Broken Banks.-The following list of
banks, which have recently failed, has been
published by Thonpson's Bank Note List.
From the losses sustained by speculators i'll
-four and wheat TO the west, it is possible
others may be added to the list:
Lewis County Bank. May 1o; 1876 so the dol.
Canal Bank, of Lockport, June l6 46 so
White Plains Bank, May 40 SO
Farmers q Drovers Buan'e, May II, 't6 o.
| Bank orSt. Clair, Mich, May 7, 46. 25
BS Of River Rasin, Mich, May 81, l6 25
Manu-. &c Mech, Nant'ket, Feb. Q, 46 81 ="
Commercial Bank, Macon, Ga June ], 49,
1t will be seen that the nine banks in this
list have bills in circulation which can now
only be passed at from 20 to rs per cent.
under par. Who are the sufferers by these
broken banks? The bill holders, of course.
And who are the bill holders? Why, the
farmers-thc laborers of the country--who
have sold the products Of their industry for
rags, loaned to and pu, in ci culation by spe-
culators, most commonly the favorltes Of
short-winded banking corporations.