The New York herald., 1846-03-20

LKIrzis, jan Is, lo46.
The Commercial Treaty bstseeen the United States
and the Zou Yerein-Ixe Tobacco 1rade-Frse-
dom Of the Press, &c. 8c.


letters which wrote TO you two years ago, respect
ing the then agreed to commercial treaty between
the United States and the Zoll Verein. l told you
at that time, that this treaty was not only against
the interest," but also against the honor of the Uni
ted States, and gave you particulars to prove my as
sertions You differed at that time, and took the
part Of the treaty. AS you are generally better in
formed than any one else, / thought might have
been msiniormed, and waited for the time to show
! who was right The non-ratfcation of the treaty,
and the dismissal of Consul Mark, have so far car
rled me out, and make the information which re-
ceived lately at Berlin more likely to be true, viz
that secret understanding had then existed
amongst the members of the whig Senators to give,
in order to obtain the ratification to the treaty the
appearance of q democratic measure, although ii
had originated with Mr.. Webster. The whiQ party
had agreed, as they saw that they could not rafy as
such the said treaty, to oppose the same, with the
hope that the democrats would then defend it and
make il their measure. You know best how far
they have succeeded. You have sided with the
Zoll Verein, under the belief that the ZolI VereIn
had adopted the system Of free trade, in which you
labor under mistake; the average rate Of duty OF
the Zol Verein on our products amounts TO over 40
per cent ad valorem; the system OF the Zol Verein
and their principle is to collect, in an easy manner
and with the least expense, the greatest possible
venue The military system Of Prussia, and her
adherents, absorbs one-third OF the whole OF
their general income; the landed and other property
is taxed to the utmost rate; the Aoll Verein must,
therefore, seek to increase her income, and
will continue TO increase the rate as long as not
corresponding decrease, IN the amount OF bulk,
takes place. The United States can, therefore,
never expect any permanent reduction IN the rate
Of their produce, on the part Of the Zoll Verein.
The real free trading States Of Germany are the
grand duchies Mecklenburg, Oldenburg, kingdom
Of Hanover, and the free Hanseatic towns Lubec,
Hamburg, and Bremen; their average rate OF daty
on our produce does not exceed ten per cent; and
they consume, with population OF three millions
OF inhabitants. about onehalt as much tobacco and
rice, as the Zoll perein does with twenty-eight
millions. They alone possess the harbors on the
North sea, which now open as tree ports to our
vessels. Now, mark the injustice which said
treaty would have done to these trading States:
from the Zol Vereln at considerable less rate Of
duty than the same identical goods. when coming
from these free-Iadng States. Would II not be say
| ing to them, you have been always 30
good, and charged produce with a low
| duty think, however, you have thereby
wronged your neiehbor the Zoll verein, and we
goods at less rate than yours; although the Zoll
Vereln having no ports other own,we must continue
to use, therefore, yours. Would we not provoke
these States raise this rate at least the standard
! The whole consumption of tobacco of the growth
of the United States does not exceed 100000 qun-
tas; the balance Of her import consists OF South
American and West Indian We pay at pre-
sent on these 20O.O 900 cwt duty of 81 cwt, max
! Ing $500 OO0 The stated free trading States raise
no tobacco and con ,ume about 1000 quinals
American tobacco, on which the average rate of
duty. being about 90 cents the qulnal, amounts to
$50 900, that the 10000 cwt. tobacco consumed
at present in Germany, except the Austrian domi-
mon, pay at present duty OF $3.50; 600. Suppose
ding States had either raised their that Of
the ZOll Vereln, or, what is more likely, had joined
this Union, then these 300,O 900 cwt would have to
pay the agreed rate of $3 the quntal, which would
oh tIUy tho
present; besides that, ths United States Treasury
would have lost annually more than half million
dollars in the agreed difference in favor Of goods
! from the Zoll Verein.
! The German sovereigns had promised, at the VI
emma Congress in 1875 to give to their people con-
stituton. bavaria, Wurtemberg, Hesse Darmstadt,
and Baden, the only States which fulfilled their
promises, until the July Revolution OF France
Obliged the others to follow. Prussia alone remain
ed faitnless. The love which the Prussian sub
jects had personally tor their late old King,
s1d the hope that MS sud . hs pahsa
succeed, fulfil the pledged word, made them de-
sist to avail themselves OF the then existing emo
ton, to obtain, by force, what was promised to
King had died, IN 1910, and the present King mount
ed the throne, he promised even more than what
his subjects had ever expected but of a this he
as M he had proclaimed he would, at the head Of rs
tiona progress, he put himself forward at the head
OF political reaction; he declared his people unfit for
constitution. and took every measure to bring the
same agaiu under feudal regime Of former centu-
ries 10 which the people were, however unwilling
| to submit. The press opposed this treachery as
much as it could; the inland ones were put, either
under stronger censure, or their licenses with
drawn, and the refractory OF other States were
forbidden to be circulated IN Prussia, uRtl they had
come to terms-made promise not to write again
! against the Kings measures; and 1t is fact, that
there exists scarcely single newspaper IN Germa-
ny whose circulation has not been forbidden once
or more IN the Prussian dominion. and they are
all, 20 far at least as the state OF Germany is con-
| cerned, more or less muzzled. The Prussian
government, learning that those truths which
the newspapers III Germany were forbidden to
utter were made public in the German press Of the
Snlted States, took measures to suppress them IN
tner post Offices on the frontiers OF France, Holland
| and Belgium, as they generally came by the Havre
packets; and as ane could not fully succeed there
with, she urged the German Diet al Frankfort to lay
them under edct, you will already be acquainted
with. All these suppressive measures have not yet
made the Prussian subjects more suppllant and have
not been able to prevent those obnoxious pape 70
from now and then hndlng their way into their do
extension of the Zol Verein to the borders Of the
North Sea- the only means to exclude the liberal
contagon from her country; they consider the de-
scrptions OF the happy state OF the United States az
the only cause why their subjects will not submit
TO be yoksd again; they believe, that could they
prevent the intellectual intercourse with TIE United
States, 30 that their subjects could not learn any
tning more OF democracy and self government than
what their state papers would tell them, that they
would find them the more tractable. This is the |
principal why the Prussian government is 30
anxious that the sea-borderng States Mecklenburg,
Gutenberg, Hanover and the Free-towns, should be- |
come members OF the Zoll Verein Vessels would |
then, on their arrival from the United States, be
taken in possession by Prussian customhouse Off
GERS, who would search as diligently after newspa- |
pers and letters az they generally do after contra
band goods, and Aot even liberal thought, less q |
word, would be permitted to enter from our happy |
country. You can well Judge, from this true and
far hoxv far he for fta fnta
of the United States to assist Prussa in this nefar
Gus purpose-and if, on the contrary, we ought not
tavor rather those mentioned frsctradlng States
and to use rather every exertion to prevent their
joining the Zol veYein as the only means secure
and retain Tor our vessels and products those tree
ports which we now fad in the Hansearc towns
and their ports. Every liberal and enlightened
man in Germany desires, therefore, also hat the |
Postmaster General should choose the route to |