Sentinel of the valley. [volume] (Woodstock, Va) 1841-1848, 1846-03-12

The Senate is composed Of one member from
each election district. One district has two
Senator's
Georgia-T'hc Constitution ailots one Sena-
tor to each county The House Of Represen-
tatives is composed Of members elected from
counties, according to the number of free
white persons. and including thsee-fftks Of al
the people cfcolor." Each county containing
three Thousand such persons shall have two
representatives--seven thousand. three repre-
sentatives-twelve thousand, four representa-
tiyes. Each county shall have one, and moi
more than four representatives. 'Fhe Senate
here represents counties. The House Of Rep
resentatives is based nearly upon federal num-
bers, with the important restriction, that each
county shall have at least one, and not more
ihsn four representatives. This is no repre-
sentaiion off free white persons.
Maryland an amended Constitu-
ton in 1887. The Senators are arportioned
among the counties. The House Of Delegates
is elected from counties according to their fed
eral numbers. Every county having lessdha
fifteen thousand federal numbers. elects three
Delegates; every county having more than
fifteen and less than Twenty-Five Thousand fed
eral numbers. elects four Delegates; every
county having twenty-five and less than thirty,
five thousand federal numbers elects five Dele
gates; every county having over thirty five
thousand federal numbers elects six Delegates
The city Of Baltimore elects as many as the
largest county. Here is county representa-
ton in the Senate, and federal numbers in the
House of Delegates, with an important limita-
ton on the large city Of Baltimore. No coun-
" shall have more than six Delegates, and
Baltimore shall have no more than the largest
county. Every county shall have at least
three, and none moro than six. This Consti-
tuition, it must be observed was adopted in
1887.
New Hampshire has twelve Senators, elect
ed by twelve districts laid off in the ''propor-
ton Of public taxes paid by said districts. -
The House of Representatives is composed OF
members allotted to the towns and parishes,
according to the nnn5er of ratable male polls.
Each town with one hundred and fifty polls
NAV elect one Representative, and another
Representative for every three hundred addl-
tioral ratable polls. The Senate has direct
relation to taxation; the other House has GER
tain relation to the ratable male polls.
Delaware has County representation IN
the Senate and House of Representatives fixed
in the Constitution.
Massachusetts has Senate of forty, elected
BY districts in proportion to the tares paid by
the districts The House of Representatives
is apportioned according to ratable polls. The
Governor has the veto power, ana two-thIrds
are required to pass law after his veto. We
find here representation and taxation adopted
for the Senate. and the veto power reposed In
the Governor to restrain the numerical! majorl-
~ in the House of Representatives.
Vermont has fixed county representation
IN the House Of Representatives. The other
house is composed of the Governor and Coun-
Gil Of twelve elected by general ticket. All
laws are submitted to the Governor and Coun-
ell for revision and amendment
Connecticut has fixed representation from
towns, each town having unde. the new Con-
sti,u;ion. the same representation as 1t had un
der the old Constitution. The Senate is COM
posed of twelve, elected by general ticket
each voter voting for the whole twelve Sena-
tors.
New Jersy-Sonate is composed Of one
rambe. from each county. The Assembly
is based upon the number of inhabitants.
Rhode Islahd-The Senate consists Of the
Lieut.. Governor and of one Senator from each
town or city in the State. The House of Rep
resentatiyes is constituted on the basis of pop
u,ation.
= New York-The Senate and Assembly are
both based on the ratio of inhabitants excluding
aliens. paupers and negroes not taxed. = ne
Governor has the veto power and two thirds
are required to pass the vetoed law.
Pennsylvania has representation in both
Houses according to taxable inhabitants. The
Governor has the veto power as in New York.
Kentucky and Tennessee have representa-
ton according to qualified voters.
Lon;sana-The State was divided into four
teen Senatorial Districts, each electing one
Senator, which shall ever remain indlvisible
The House Of Representatives was apportlon-
ed according to qualified electors. These were
the visions of the old Constitution. | have
had no access to the new Constitution.
The other States have their representation
apportioned chiefly upon an equal ratio OF white
inhabitants. From this examination the House
will perceive, that not one of the old thirteen
States has adopted the basis of free white in
habitants. New York, which approaches
most nearly, has given the veto power to her
Governor and requires two-thirds to pass law,
after the Veto And Pennsylvania, the next
nearest, has her representation on taxable in
habiiants, with the veto power in the Cover
nor. Every other State Of the old thirteen has
adopted an arbitrary apportionment in one
house, or both. Of county representation, or the
basis of taxation, OF federal numbers, or both
combined The equal representation of free
white persons has found no precedent in the
old thirteen. The primary principle Of repre-
sentation of persons as contradist:ngnshed
from property, has not received their sanction
Nor lasit, BY either os them, been regarded
as the infallble element Of political power
NO particular rule has obtained the consen
Of every State, and no uniformity exists in diff
ferent States-the peculiar circumstances o
each controlling the superintendent according
to the varying and diverse interests to be rep
resented. Representation is apportioned &C
cording to taxatlon-to federal numbers,
free whites and three ftths Of aH coloscd per
sons-tc counties equalIy-to counties in .aroi
trary ratios--to rafa5le male polls--to taxabl;
inhaotants--to qualified electors--to fret
white inhabitanis--to total popuiatiOa-to. diff
ferent ratios Of total population in counties--t'
different combinations Of these yario,lsly---sut
ed to the .nultifoIm and diversified interests o
the districts. counties. towns, townships ant
marshes, in different States; SO organized as t.
afford the safest guarantee aud best securit,
Al Il r