Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1846-03-20

Wednesday Morning, MaIcn 10, lo1o'
The Philadelphia North American is profess
edly neutral, bul, on the subject OF the Tam,
goes as far as the far.hes, Of the Federal SCHOOL,
Still, we find in It's columns very interesting
letter from Rio Janeiro, which furnishes inc
sironges, argumen; in favor OF unrestricted co",-
merce We make The following extracts. -
will be seen that The inhabitants pfoouce Nv
wheat, rye oals, &C., for the PLAIN reason ''"'
their climate is not well adapted Tor Their gio"'"'
and because, BY raising coffee and exporting "'o
other nations which cannot produce IT. theY re-
ceive in exchange The necessaries OF me on O.'.
Ter terms than if they "proecied" us culture
heavy duties. Nature has wisely adap'eu cay"
country and climate to lis peculiar proouc's. nS
keeping commerce free, each nation Can l.. oo".e
wbat !, is the best calculated for, ana receive III
return the surplus products OF other countries
1'bis system of barter and exchange is The SIM
p,cst and most beneficial that can be devised
But The pro,ectior;sl steps IL with ms Paf'id' y
eislation. deranses the laws of nature, auemPt>
10 force the production of what does no' sun
The circumstances around him, and, Tor ms
own benefit calls upon the Government 70 couipe'
his neiehbors 10 buy from him what he has pro.
duced BY his hot-bed system, though the same ar
tcle could be purchased cheaper from country
which is naturally adapted iii. What would De
thought Of class OF men who should demah" a
high protection upon domestic coffee, Tor "hich
ouI climate is not all suited, and which we can
II would be looked upon as absurd and mischiev-
Gus. Yet we see large class looking mp 10 uo-
yernmen, 10 aid them in getting large prices iot
their manufactures, which they have produced oy
ho,-bed legislation when the grea, mass Of con-
sumers, if left to their own free judgment, conlo
obtain similar articles upon better terms from
abroad, and a, The same time give in exchange
their surplus of domestic products. la oo'h
cases The principle is the same, The mischief IN
justi6abe:
at would puzzle person unacquainleo WIN
The results Of commerce, 10 tell how he people
here live Enquire of them for corn, they raise
nome for wheat or rye or oats, or barley, or rice
they raise none for potatoes, they raise none;
for butter and cheese, they produce none. What,
then. do they produce you will ask. why, col
fee. But can man live on coffee2 No; bu: he
can exchange j, Tor what he can live upon. lie
can send his coffee 10 Europe and The United
States; and, in the result OF commerce, orinS
back all The great staples OF lie. Sucn IS toe
circle Of trade, which sweeps through nations as
rbe Cu,f Stream through the tides OF ocean.-
The beef raised here is very Indifferent, the NUT
ton worse, and even the poultry is tasleiess and
dry. ,.,u 60,
and manioca, species Of yam, which they
make into coarse bread but which IS said 10
be quite nutritious. THIS is also Inc food OF The
slaves. This we should call light and coarse
fare. Blu, in this climate it answers well. Inc
result of this simple diet, with those who use II,
is cheerfulness Every body, not excepting even
the slaves, appears lisht-hearled. encountered
Yesterday gang Of state conviels IN caains,
singing They made the very hills echo back
their chorus. | have not met = man in Rio in
STATE of ntoxcation, and yet they have liquor
here. called casash a cents worth OF which will
gel man drunk and this liquor is for sale eve
rywhere, and every one is a liberty 10 drink what
he likes and when he likes, and yet sobriety IS
universal But this results, in part from the TACT
that drinking here is fatal; the liver flames uPaI
once and kills man.
Three Of my warc-room COMPANIONS, WIN N.Y.
self, took coach and four and called on our
Minister here, the Hon Henry e. wise. he
lives short drive from the city, in an ampe
mansion, uncovered in fruit AID shade. We
found him listening 10 the Statement OF l;yo Anne
rican sailors, who had appealed 10 him for re,
dress OF grievances Mr.. Wise paid an offcial
visit, a lew days since, TO our ship, received he
honofs due 10 hi, position: and parlook OF
splendid entertainment given BY Commodore
Stockton and Captain Da pont. Many ladies
and gentlemen Of note we're present. II was
new years day, great day here, as we'll as in
our own country.
The police Of Rio is admirable. Very few
,hefts or fragrant offences occur. Capital pun
ishments are hardly known. Il is considered as
putting a man 10 the poorest use possible 10 hang
him. Instead OF this they put him in chains and
Sc! him 10 work Tor life. II he has como united
murder he is never parioned, and rarely indeed
hardened for any offence. This certainty OF con-
viclion, Of condign punishment, and hopelessness
of executive clemency, gives terrible force 10 law
With us, we hang one culprt and allow h'ty 10
escape Our criminals are like ducks-you fire,
they dip and disappear.