Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1845-1898, 1846-03-26


ed it 3 above the average of 8 l-3 per cent,
NAV onerate during the whole Of the next
half century in constant depression or con-
slant elevation. But if or 3 successive
periods should show something like uni
form ratio, this ratio might fairly be canclu-
ded to hold good for the future also, due
regard being paid to any great change of
circumstances, present or expected
Third. The character of soil and eli
mate must be regarded. Norway cannot be
expected to become as Populous as Sweden,
nor Sweden as thickly settled as Austria
Again: the Temperate Zones will always
be more closely peopled than the Frigid or
the Torrid because in the one vegetation
is locked in the embraces Of an almost per-
petual winter, and in the other the riotous
energies of Nature break forth in the fire.
quent and awful visitations of the pestilence,
the tornado and the earthquake. But the
temperate regions, placed, as they are, be-
tween the two extremes-the barrenness
that discourages the efforts of industry, and
the the exuberance that supersedes the ne
cessity of exertion-seem destined in all
ages to sustain the most active, and happy,
and numerous PoPulaIlou'
Fourth But another element In the estl-
mate, and more important even than these,
lies in the character of the Government, and
in the social condition and moral habits Of
the people. Other things being equal, the
population of that country will increase
fastest, where useful knowledge is most
universally difused, and the civil regula-
tons are the freest, laying no checks on the
occupations and habits of the people, except
those arising from moral obligations or
from the greatest good of the greatest num-
ber There contentment will induce love
| of home, and the hope of raising family
with ease will render the marriage instltu-
ton universally inviting. There the OPP
pressed will raise against their oppressors
no standard of rebellion, nor civil discords
waste the blood Of the nation in the cease
less guerizlas of intestine warfare. There
the perfect freedom Of labor, and the GER
tainty of its adequate reward, will incite to
continual exertions, and health and happi-
ness will renew and perpetuate themselves.
There the thoughts of the more studious
few will be directed to the welfare of the
toiling many, and Science, instead of eX-
pending her treasures, as of old, on barren
speculations, will exhaust all her wealth in
drawing fresh riches from the earth, and adj
ding to the physical or moral comforts Of
its children. This will be sufficiently obvi-
Gus by comparison of Italy, France and
] England In Italy Esnnnlstio9 is at stand
still; in France, o. VtrFssy, it has adj
vanced for the last go years at the rate of
i 1-2 of one per cent. per annum and in
| England l 1-2 per cent. per annum. 1t is
impossible to account for this great differ
epce unless by considering the character Of
the government and the condition of the
people. In soil and climate Italy is far SUI
perior to france, and France to England
/ It cannot be said that the climate of Italy is
enervating; for two thousand years since
that atmosphere, was breathed for ages by
stern, unconquerable race "the men Of
iron,' whose hearts were as rugged as their
frames But in these three countries the
diffusion Of freedom, knowledge, morality,
industry and skill, are in inverse ratio TO
their physical advantages, and consequently
the increase of population is inverse to the
order of Nature. The same difference, and
from the same causes, is visible between the
United States and Mexico. Mexico was
settled much earlier, and, however fortunate
we may deem our beloved Union-oh, long
may it last in position, soil and climate,
yet Mexico in most respects is still superior.
Her population, then, ought to be greater
than ours, and increasing at still higher
ratio. But the inveterate vices of govern
ment and people have taken from enterprise
all motive to exertion, and nullifed the very
purposes Of Heaven.
Fifth. Another consideration, intimately
connected with the last; is the different class
es, into which community is divided, and
the different occupations they pursue. A
nation, or a district entirely agricultural, can
never be as populous as one which produc-
es and manufactures too; and that nation
or district will be most populous of all,
which engages most fully in agriculture,
manufactures and commerce. This will be
very plain from the following illustration:
Suppose the island of Great Britain to be
inhabited by farmers only-that is by those
who raise animal or vegetable food, or the
raw material of various manufactures for the
necessity, the comfort or the pleasure Of
man. All the productions of art, except
perhaps the plainest articles of food and
clothing and few homemade implements
within the reach of untaught sagacity, are
imported from foreign countries and in TO-
reign ships. In these circumstances the
island mig ht possibly support an impover-
ished population Of 100000. For all
comforts above those of the brute creation