Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1846-08-26

uot, under the Constitution, make treaties;
and therefore as arrangements between
more than TWO must be by treaty, they are
! absolutely disqualified from such works.
That the trainers Of The Constitution
/ themselves believed that power had been
givento Congress 10 provide for the safety
and convenience Of commerce is inferred
from the actual exercise Of such power by
the FIRST Congress that met after the union,
which commenced. the lighr; house system
along The Atlantic coast. And if govern
ment be authorized 10 incur expense to
point out danger !lo.the navigator. it is
surely competent 10 remove the danger,
particularly il less expensive. :.
But MIR. Calhoun rejects the improve
ment of harbors, az well on tire general
ground that they are within The limits Of
States and not between them, as are riY-
els, as because the Constitution contem-
plates their Improvement by The States to
whom it gives evidently for that purpose
The power of levying tonnage duties with
the consent Of Congress. Besides theim-
provement Of harbors, texcepting those Of
refuge, which Mr.. Calhoun excepls,) is al
ways matter Of more local than general
interest, and therefore, if necessary, never
Observation-Disclosures could not have been
an objecr in the formation of such an union
as ours. . - .>.sS'.
FinalIy,:M Mr.. Calhoun. suggestss,hat 10
prevent all dispute or.abuse; it would be
proper Congress TO levy aseparate ton
mage duiy ON vessels engaged in the seye.
raj distinct channels Of nayigalion-riversi
lakes and.sea-and appropriate The: fund
derivedSfrom each trade To- its separate;
benefits. ..,sIss. :.
1--we consider The afgu mont of Mrs Cals
l.h9an omplete. Indee see by:lhs..
States referred 10, VINO Wefe al nrssdfdrfns
ed about his Memphis speech. Mr.. CAL
houn has clearly expounded the Constilu:
Iioaa law on thi, subject-has shown its
exlent,,its sufficiency for The case, and its
| Limitation 10 The real cause" which has
arisen. He has penetrated the true mean.
ing Of The Constitution, and vindicaled the
! profound wisdom of its trainers ou, of a
passage heretofore regarded as blemish
on that instrument. As long as that Con-
sllution is maintained over the region
which is washed by our waters. this CONS
menlary Of MIR. Calhoun will stand for ito
Interpretation.
From the n. y. Journalof Commerce.
Id Valorem Duties.-The Express has
not yet corrected Its of.-repoaled assertion
that in the case of adYalorem goods, Gus
tom House appraisers are bound by the in
voice except in cases of fraud. Of course
its readers, if they have no better source
ofinfarmalion, will continue 10 believe that
lhe importer can enter bis goods at what
ever valuation he Likes, provided only be
can escape the imputaliou Of fraud: Some
of the prolectioaists, we dare say, honestly
believe that fraudulent invoices are frequen,
at our Custom Houses, aad that even where
fraud cannot be proved, goods are gol
through The Custom House at prices far
below their true value in the foreign port.
Such men ought not to be confirmed in
their deusion by the public press, but on
the contrary, they should be- made to
understand. 1st. That the merchants are
as uprigh, class OF men as are to be found
in the whole community; and 2ndly, tha,
ifthey were otherwise, it would be nex
to impossible for them. under the rigid
system or inspection and appraiSement a
our Custom House, 10 practice YillanJ
with success; while at the same time they
would expose themselves 10 loss, fine ant
imprisonment, without any adequate mo
live on The score of gain. No one nuac
: customej to the examination OF goods, car
well conceive the accuracy with which
we'll selected and experienced. Custom
House Appraiser or Inspector can deter
niue their value. Ifthe invoice differs
from the true value, though it be but
triae, they only need glance at it, In mos
cases, in ordert detect the undervaiuatlon
Every guard which the high prolectionlst
oflS42 could throw around the subject
will remain in full force under The neV
law. And we have the authority OF one o
, our mos, intelligent Appraisers for saying
that taken as whole. il is not more dithcul
10 ascertain the value ofgoods now .Payin
r specific duties, than Of those paying du
, ties ad valorem. At first there woul
, be this difference, or might be, that IN
Appraisers would not be so familiar Wit
] The latter but they will very soon learr
!. aud in fact are now learning every day, b
Q keeping specimens and prices Of specih
goods, while as yet the new bill has nt
IS gone into operation. Ia The four month
e which are TO eIapse before that event take
n place, il need moi be doubted that the
l. will supply whatever lack Of knowledg
:. they may now experience 10 regard to Co
}. tain descriptions cf gbods ;sud ~ ca
d:s & -
r