davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
For the GALAXY.
CONSTITUTIONALITY OF TIE LII
CENSE LAW.

NJ. charges Civis with giving partial rep.
resentaton Of the case Of Brown rs. Mary
land as NJ. specifics certain particulars 10
which this partially consists, 1t is presumed
that NJ. finds no fault, except with such par
iiculars. Aud first, Civis is charged with i'm
properly representing that to be dictam
which is not diciHm.
That part of an opinion which relates d.
rscIly to, and is decisive of the question a.
bar, is technically termed the decision: any
other matter in the opinion is technically
dictum; the former is Of binding authority on
Courts, the latter is Of no Judicial authority.
In this case. the question at bar was,-nOt
where the power of the States to tax impor-
ted goods commenced but lchether the
SLates had pO0er 10 tar such goods IN the hands
Of the importer!
That which Civis called dic'um related TO
the former question and not TO the question
ut bar, and therefore the term used was the
proper one. Besides, The Gourr, so far from
attempting decision upon the question thus
incidentally arising. expressly state. that they
shall wait until the proper cases arise. and
that the establishment of any rule would be
premature. If the Judge himself be conipe-
tent witness, it may be reasonably presumed
he knew, quite rs well, what be was about, as
any modern commentator.
1t might have been conceded, BY counsel
in argument, that Ibe Constitutional resir;c-
tons did not extend to retailers; but how
this can affect the question between us. il is
difficult 10 perceive, since that concession had
nothing to do with the question at bar or its
decision.
Again: NJ. asserts that the ''righs of sale
are sustained by dictRnl only. Under the
second branch of the defence, the question
at bar was. whether d sale 1rGs an ingredient
of Commerce? The Court decide That Il sale
is an ingredient OF Commerce, as reference
to the reports abundanily shews. Civis sees
no reason why he should change either his
phraseology or his opinions. But it is evi-
dent, that a law discussion with man who
is obviously not lawyer, in the columns of a
newspaper, cannot be productive of results,
either to the parties or the public.
CIVIS.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
CONGRESS-.
Correspondence Of the N. Y. Tribune.
SENATE.
WAsHINGToN. Feb. 10 1S46

WASHINGTON, Feb. 10, 1S46.
The most important part of the proceed
inss OF the Senate 10 day was a long speech
from Senator Allen. This was the day ap-
pointed, some time since, on which 10 make
his Oregon Resolutions the Special Order of
the Day. After some preliminary business,
a motion was made 10 take up. J. NJ. Clay,
ton and others wished to take up some sub
Jects OF more pressing Importance. A vote
was taken and decided by majority of %
10 y 10 take them up.
Mr.. Allen then began 10 whisper like Il
Chinese gong in favor of every thing Ore
gonish. During his speech Mir. Mangum
asked him what those starred parts of Mr..
McLane's letter meant. He asked him
whether the parts suppressed were not an
expression Of Mr.. McLane that the passage
Of the Notice would not be taken by England
as offensive.
MIR. Allen, after running his hand through
his hair, said every member might make his
own Interpretation OF the signs. Several
members seemed to think, from Mr.. Allens's
answer, that the stars meant as much. In
my opinion they mean more. Ever since
Gen. Jackson's letter with the seven stars,
the science Of Astronomy is necessary pre-
requisite TO understand that Union.
The Senate adjourned, leaving Mr.. Allen
still in possession of the floor.
HOUSE.
This branch Of Congress was rather dnN
to-day. Reports were received from the sew
eral Standing Sommittees Of u private and
unimportant nature.
Several communications were received
from the Executive and from the War and
Treasury Departments.
A Message was received from the Presi-
dent with the Report Of the Directors of the
Philadelphia Mint.
A bill was reported from the Committee
on the District of Columbia, giving the Or
phan's Court Of the District large power O.
yer properly.
Mr.. Giddings moved to amend that per-
sons be not considered property. This was
tuIed ont olorder, and the bill passed.
The Judiciary Committee presented Re
port on the Massachusetts, Resolution on
Naturalization, adverse TO any action on the
subject Referred 10 the Committee of the
Whole-5000 copies ordered printed.
A bill was reported for the relief O. the
hers of Commodore Paul Jones.
The Committee on Territories were ex-
cussed from acting on a bushel of petitions
against the admission of Texas.
Committee on Roads and Canals reported
a bill making appropriations for the continu-
ance of the National Road to Jefferson City.
Mo. 1t appropriates $4,000 a mile for the
new parts ofihe road. Referred TO Com
miltec on The Whole and ordered printed.
The House then went into Committee of
the Whole. aod took up the Fertilization bill
An amendment was made appropriating
100000 for Army Fortifications--ordered
10 be reported.
The Pension Appropriation bill was then
taken up. The Committee rose and the
House adjournGed.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24

The power, however, of the whig purity ha:
been seriously weakened by the Withdrawn
of portion in the formation of the Liberty
party, which ENABLED their opponents to an
mex Texas.
Will not our liberty party men be at last
convinced Of the truth of the position we
take! Will they, by keeping up third par
" organization, forever prevent The accom-
pIishment of their professed purposes2 Is
not the influence Of the wing party to abolish
slavery constantly bafled by this third party
organization, and do not the slaveocratic des-
pots Of The South derive their most plausible
apology for silencing every eloquent voice Of
the advocates oflreedom in Delaware, Mary
land, Kentucky and Virginia from the exas
peratiou and fear Of insurrection with which
the mad dog cry Of ''man stealers, dealers in
flesh and blood" united with calls for imme-
diate and unconditional emancipation, and
threats of trampling upon the Constitution
and the Union, are so constantly and so in
tensely horrifying the public mind.
1t will be acknowledged that Que great bat
tie has been fought and lost by this infatuated
policy. But another mig hty srrusgle between
slavery and freedom is approaching, and what
dreadful responsibility, rests upon the third
party should they in 1913 again prefer to sus
tain an ambitious and impOtent organza
lion, to a coalition with the only political
power in the Union which is able and willing
to limit, with the hope Of at last extermina
ting the accursed institution.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
THE PROJECTED TARIFF

If the sincere and consistent friends OF
Free Trade will but scrutinize the Tariff bill
framed by Secretary Walker and his Custom
House subordinates, they cOnnot fail to see
that, while it is 10 reality 10 more accurdani
with genuine Free Trade than the Tariff
now existing, it strikes many severe blows nj
the National Industry which they no less
than we should stand ready to parry. Take
these examples:
The duty on good Wool is now cents
per pound and 30 per cent ad vaorem-equal
10 more than 40 per cent. On poor Wool,
costing seven cents per pound and under
(which. it was supposed, would not come IN
competition with our Domestic Wool, though
some of il has done SOY the duty was nominal
five per cent. Accordingly, the duty on
'Woolen Goods generally was fixed at 40
per cent, and on Wooden Blankets costing
less than rs cts. fifteen per cent 'WOolen
! Blankets is term covering the cOarser and
poorer cloths, such as were expected to be
made from the cheap, coarse wool, and here
was discrimination Of ten per cent in favor
of the American producer, But Mr.. Walk
er's bill proposes to raise the duty on this
| Wool ts hrenty per cent. and reduce that on
the Blankets TO ten per cent. so as TO make a
| DISCRIMINATION oil ten pei cent against tue
American manufacturer Of these Blankets.
Now the British manufactures and ours both
60 to the same markets for this kind of Wool
on which the former pays no duty. He is
thus TO be armed by our Government with a
ten per cent. discrimination against our own
Industry and in favor of British. Is this
fair Is it just ! For whose benefits is it
made Is any Wool-grower so selfish and
short-sighted as TO wish such an adjustment
of duties? What can be possibly gained by
it, He cannot, surely, compete with For
eign Wool costing but seven cents pound,
no matter whether the duty on it be 5 per
cent, or2O, but the proposed adjustment de-
prices him also of I'm extended market Jor
his Fuel, Vegetables, Meats, &c which
manufacturing the Blankets in this country
would secure him.-IIibune.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
Total

The count of a Senator each HON MdSSd-
chuselts, Rhode Island, and Louisiana IN sup
port of this project stamps The calculation
with absurdiiy, as does the count OF one Sen
ator from this Stale in opposition. The vote
on Annexation nearly year since sufficient
~ established that there is no conceivable in
EQUITY or mischief for which Mr.. Polk may
please to want the votes Of our two Senators
for which he will not be sure OF obtaining
them. The predicted vote, therefore, is oil
no account whatever.
But whoever is engaged in The CONNER
cial Treaty project may as well desist at
once. 1t eannOt be crclcded through the Sen
a'e. Messrs Polk and Buchanan may hector
aad bully with regard to Oregon until The
simple shall believe the two countries on the
verge of inevitable War, and be ready to
iunp at any chance of avert:ng that dire ca
Iamfty; still the Senate will refuse to chain
our domestic Legislation to the wheels of
British Policy. Our rulers have power TO
settle the Boundary dispute, either by Nego-
tiaiion or Arbitration, and they ought 10 do
il forthwith. Every weeks delay is lraught
with the loss of Millions in the proslraion or
DELAY of Commercial enterprises which assur-
ell Peace ould set in motion. The full val
II oil the strip OF lahu redlly III cIsPu'S nus
been sacrificed twice over already by the por-
tents of War. Aud the politicians for whom
the swindlng Kane letter paved the way TO
the high places OF the Nation have ample
power 10 crush and spator our Protective
Thrift, but they have no right to manacle the
People so that they shall not be at liberty to
reconstruct it whenever they may think prop
e. This Commercial Annexation OF our
Country TO Great Britain is little more than
viii 20 down. even in an age memorable fer
propogaIin2 Slavery under the preteXt of 'ex-
tending the blessings Of Freedom Let the
inaerilors of the Baltimore iniquity attempt
ii if they dare Tribune.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24

On the face OF these papers, knowing as we
have said, of nothing withheld from the pub
lie that can change their aspect, we must say
that this absolute and unceremonous refusal
of arbitration, when even the choice of man.
ner and form of arbitration are placed as il
were, at the absolute disposal Of the United
States, is scarcely defensible on the ground
of mere expediency, and not at all defensible
on lhe ground of public law.
The duty of nations to submit all r1atters
in controversy between them 10 such friendly
arbilramcnt, rather than Io, distnrbe The peace
of the world by rcsoriing TO war, Tor by whal
is equivalent, making it unavoldablc,) IS en-
forced by every accredited writer on intern
aliona! law nor is there any portion Of that
law more rational or more imperative upon
civilized NATIONS. We shall quite not only
one writer on this subject, but he is one
whose authority is conclusive:
who will dare Lsays Vaue1 TO insist that
another (sovereign) shall Immediately, and
without examination, relinqnish TO him a
disputaJle right This would be a means oil
rendering wars perpetual and inevitable. Bon
the condendiug parties may be ebuaily con
WINGED of The iuslic of their claims why,
therefore, should either yield TO the other =
IN such case, they can only demand an ex-
animation ofthe question, propose conference
or an arbitration, or offer to settle The point
by articles of agreement"
That the respective rights Of the United
States and Great Britain 10 Oregon are dis
putable, and have been considered doubtful
by every administration of this Government
preceding the present, the whole world knows,
and solemn conventions between the two
countries bear witness.
Looking to the duty Of nations. as pres
cribed by public law in precisely such cases
asthat of the Oregon controversy, the ques-
ton now submitted by the President and his
advisers to the American People is, Whether
they will adopt the novel principle of peremp-
torily rejecting all arbitration, and virtually
Withdrawing themselves from the social cir
Gle of Nations, become disturbers of the peace
of the world
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
The Journal of Commerce says of the eli

The Journal of Commerce says of the Ell
feet Of the Oregon correspondence:
$50 far as we heard the expression Of both
political parties, they were, with we believe
one exception, altogether in condemnation Of
the position taken by our government. 1t is
felt not only that the great interests of peace
are put at hazard. and the country uselesSly
a.itated, but that the nation and its free lnsti-
tutiuns are disgraced before the world. The
conduct of Great Britain is generous. and
sach as becomes a great and Christian nation;
ours, any thing but what it should be. The
I,ss of battles would be small dishOnor COM
pared with the exhibition Of low and rowdy-
ing spirit which. with notions Of honor ot the
most erroneous kind, violates the Gnty which
a great nation owes to Itself and the family
of nations. From the beginning, all the gen
erosity has come from Great Britain, all the
illibcralty from us; all the good news from
London. all the bad news from Washington.
England proves the sincerity of her profes
sens by offering in negotiation more than she
offered before. and by pressing upon us ref
erence OF dispute. We certainly throw
great doubt upon our sincerity by offering
less than has been offered before, and relu-
sing arbitration altogether. A great moDar-
chy, in courtesy to our republican scruples,
offers TO take arh.trl' ors, not from thrones but
the -anks of citizens and subjects. Nobody
in all the civilized world doubts the sincerity
of England's desire for peace, while eur own
Citizens credit with very slender faith the re-
peated professions of our own government.
Ii our government, in rejecting arbitration.
had made any other proposition Of an AMIGA
bile character. the uuflvOrable face of the
matter would have been changed. But we
reject all Overiures. and ourselves propose
nothing. AS American citizens, we feel
BUNDLED before the world by the position in
which the Administration has placed u.s.
The National Intellisenccr in reviewing
the correspondence, says:
"a more careful perusal of the Diplomatic
Correspondence communicated by The ?resi-
dent o! the United States on Saturday last 10
the House Of Representatives, from the face
OF which we drcw iafereuces unfavorable to
an eahy pacific adjustment Of the Oregon
controversy. has satisfied US that the body OF
itfu'ly snsiains those differences. We speak
Of The papers as they present themselves to
The eye an1 to the sense. with no allowance
for any thing that may have been withheld
from Congress. or which may be matters
of mental reservation on the part Of the Adj
mini,tTation. We kRoio Of nothing that has
been suppressed or withheld by the Execu-
tive; aud we are bound TO take these papers
a presenting an entire au1 unreserved disclo-
sure of the actual state of the Diplomatic in
irrcourSe bstw cen this Government aid that
of Grelt Bfilain.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24

The Tariff and Oregon.-The Baltimore
Patriot, in noticing the reports of surrender
of our Tariff to England for Oregon, says
"ASainsl any such bargaining we should
object for the evil of The thing itself. What
ever are our rights in Oregon, they have no
dependence on The amount of duty we may
impose on English manufactures, and are to
be insisted upon only because they are rights.
Ii, to make up what may be regarded as doubt
ful title to any oil all of Oregon, it he proposed
to sacrifice the protective policy, which now
gives employment and secures remuneration
to all who labor, and to which we trace
whatever o. prosperity the country enjoys
II this policy is TO be sacrificed for any or all
OF Oregon, we say that no evil. not even that
oil war, is greater than such sacrifice would
bring. We desire 10 see the Oregon dispute
settled-we believe, have ever believed, that
ii will be settled amicabIy-but il it is only to
be settled by sacrificing our domestic industry
then, we say, let it ever remain a cause OF
contention, aud if war is to come from il,
let il GOMEZ
''lf Mr.. Polk must back outfit he must give
up something much better that he should
give up all Oregon, than that we should aban-
don our manufactures. reduce to idleness
our mechanics. and bring the price Of labor
down to the standard OF the paupers of Eu-
rope. Better. much better, we say. that all
Oregon should be given up. than such conse-
qnonccs should be imposed on the country.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
THE PROJECTED TARIFF.

The frame of this project which has been
constructing under the auspices OF Secretary
Walker, has at length been exhibited TO Con
gress. 1t is very little better than was the
Tariff OF 1910, when the country was in the
most disastrous state of embarrassment by
the introduction of foreign manufactures, and
the consequent ruin of all the industrial in
terests of the country. The average duty
on woolIen goods, which is now 40 per cent,
is proposed TO be reduced to 25. Fine wool,
which had protection Of 80 per cert. adj va
loren and scents per pound, is to pay only
20 per cent. But whether the unsophistica-
ted democracy in Vermont and Pennsy lvania
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
PENNSYLVANIA THE TARIFF AND
OREGON.

The keystone state has come out toto
cqlo for the tariff Of 1912. The unanimous
vote of the senate and the almost unanimous
vote OF the house are facts which administer
a terrible rebuke to the treacherous course OF
the locoiocracy in the presidential canvass
OF 1874. The ely of Texas and the Tariff OF
1912 with which the democracy was enlisted
for Polk is Just as talismanic now as ever
The pledge oil the Kane letter must be re-
deemed in the same spiri; and Interpretation
in favor of the present tariff in which they
the congressional representation must give a
direct and efficient support to the tariff, OF
the state will be lost 10 them &the administra-
lion, nor do we believe the attempt of Wal
ker 10 sooth her with a higher duty on iron
than is conferred upon the other great inter
ests OF the country will change the position
she has taken, The barelaced injustice OF
giving her preference for the sake OF bribing
her TO abandon her principles will not go
down with people so thoroughly embued with
the policy of protection.
But it Pennsylvania cannot be thus wheel
ed into line how little hope is there of max
ing her swallow the shutting and tricky pol
icy of offering the tariff TO bride Great Brit
ain into peace and a surrender of Oregon
How base and contemplate for our admins
traiIon which has been hrandishing its sword
and iourishing bravadoes for Oregon, to sell
out our very fresides and all hopes of future
thrift ard competency 10 obtain it. Much
better and much more honorable would it be
10 plunge instantly into bloody war, to see
our cities in flames, our country devasied
from Main to Georgia and Oregon sunk to
the bottom of the Pacific than 10 have our
farmers, manufacturers and tens of thousands
OF thrifty operatives created into hewers Of
wood and drawers Of wafer to the paupers
and aristocrats Of foreign country.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
OREGON AND TIE TARIFF.

The Express has been favored Oy one
whom its Washington Correspondent endor-
ses as ga very intelligent gentleman from
New England, who has derived his lniorma-
tiou from friend Of the ADMINISTRATION
with the following circumstaniIal account oil
the long rumored scheme for settling the Or
egon Boundary by Commercial Treaty.
viz:
From sources OF importance worthy OF Gre
dence, venture the opiuion,-the conviction,
the fced fact, that it is now {this 9Th day
ofFeb. ls46) an agreed point, that the Ore
gon question shall be settled on the 49Ih de-
gree-wilh an equivalent TO us OF no practical
value. and with a s1crif:e of iuesimabie val
ne; in the rrhich, Buchanan and Pakenham
are the tools in other hands. A treaty is now
being concluded, on the basis of the 49th de-
eree,-the rati6catons Of which are 10 be ex-
changed-mopths after Great Britain shall
have reduced her duties on bread stufis TO -
per quarter. and after this Government shall
become bound by law, ITO continue for 10
years) to levy nc duties above 20 per cent. on
British manufactures, except on Iron aud
Coal.
Such--sxch Treaty viii be ratified by the
Senate by vote of 80 10 l0-Texas settling
the question.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
SENATE.
WASHINGTON. Feb. !

WASHINGTON, Feb. II, 1916.
The Senate was 10 day engaged again on
the Oregon question. and Mr.. Allen occu-
pied the time up 10 the hour Of adjournment
in speaking upon the subject. did not take
notes OF his speech, and therefore cannot give
you a report, nor will attempt an outline,
Should you wish TO publish one, you will find
it in the city papers. would make this re-
mark, however, that the Senator has hitherto
been very dignifed body, and | submit
that il is very undignifed TO roar like hon;
\ stranger coming into the Chamber would
suppose that he was speaking TO the other
end Of the avenue, or that the Constiiu'Io,n
provided that meme but bear men are to hod
the the Office Of Senator. 1t is place 10.
deliberation and dIgnfed eloquence-ho'
for bowling and loaming.
The committee of Ways and Means nav
6nalv GOT hold ofMr Secretary Walkers a.
raLore1r Tariff Bill. | believe it was scI'
10 the committee this morning. | give YOU
the following features Of the Bill. -,
CAN duties Of Gd gdlOrUH.) Per On
Iron of all kinds, d
Manufactured WOolens, On
Wool %
Manulae tured Cotton and Flax d
Manufactured Worsted
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24

ABSTRACT ofihe condition oftHe Middle6uTy
SGrings Bank, lst January, 1916.
TO Cash received in Deposite, wv 50
on Notes & Interest, Sol 70
Rx Cash Ioaned the mast yea, 14I2 OF
!. =" refunded Depositors, 1868 81
President-GEO CLEVELAND, Esq.
Vice President-CYRUs BIRGE. Esq.
Trustees-Hon. Dorastus Wooster, Aus
tin Johnson, j. Dyer, A. Wilcox, ]. B. Cope
land, II. A. Sheldon, Dr. q. Bass, Lew
Peck. ]. Davenport, and c. Birge.
J.HAGAR, Treasurer and Secretary.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24

who fancy they are supportinga protective
Tariff when they go to the polls and vote the
locofoco ticket, will relish this sort Of treat
menr is yet to be seen. As to the leaders of
tbs party, they have never been embarrassed
by any principles Of puolic good. They are
for or against Tariff for and against Texas,
for and against Oregon, for and against Banks,
Railroads and Corporations, just as the sue
cess of the party requires.
The northern galaxy. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1844-1848, 1846-02-24
TIE RUTLAND ROAD.

The last Boston Journal contains an able
article from the pen of Samuel Dana, Esq.
one of our Directors in favor of the Rutland
road. There are few business men in Bos-
ton whose reputation for prudence and sound
judgment will have a more decided influence
upon the moned men of that city, than that
ofMr. Dana. He says that he has no doubt
this road will be one of the best dividend pay
ins rail ways in New England.