The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1846-02-28

ton. Congress should legislatc for the labor
aud the capital will take care of itself. will
give you an example oftlIe rute ofwages un
der low duties, and under the Tariff of I942
~ lS4l and 1912, the depression in all kinds
al business became so oppressive, that many
ofthe manufacturing establishments in New
England were closed, the operatives dismiss
ed, the mechanical trades were still, and cv
cry resource for the laboring man seemed
dried up.
In the City of Lowell, where there arc
more than thirty large Cotton Mills, from SIX
TO sixteen thousand spindles each, it was
gravely considered by the proprietors whcth-
ar the Mills should be stopped. 1t was con-
Guided to reduce the wages; this was done
several times, until the reduction brought
'own the wages from about So 90 TO 81 so
per week, exclusive of board; this operation
took place upon between z and 5000 females;
The mills run on; 40 sales were made of the
goods; the South aud West had neither cred
IT nor money, and finally, it was determined
u hold out till Congress should act upon the
Tariff The Bill passed, and of course the
mills were kept running, which would not
have been the case, if the Act had been re-
lected; and now the average wages paid at
l.owell-talIing same number of females for
ihc same service-is SO 90 per week, eXclu-
sivc of bolrd. Yet Mr. Walker says labor has
fallen. Where are the wages for labor, Task,
lower than they were in 1912? Who is TO be
benefited by the adoption of a system that
gives zap every thing, and gives no reasonable
promise ofanything?
have succeeded, trust, in showing that
rhere is no probability of our exports iucreas-
lng, in consequence ola reduction ofthe Tar
II, and that the products of the Western
Sitates find the best market among the man
'oaiacturers at home.
Ihave never advocated protective tariff
iof my own or the New England States en-
.vlusively, nor have those gentlemen with
VISm have been associated in this cause,
at any time, entertained narrow or section
III view of the question. We have believed
ii to be for the interest ofthe whole country,
LIlt its laborshould be protected, and so far
ss l hive had TO do with the adjustment Of
those difficult combinations embraced i'll a
n Tariff bill Il have en,leavorcd to take care
that the interest of all the States were protect
oi, whether they We're large or small. 1 say
now to you, and it should be said in Congress
aud to the country, that Massachusetts asks
no exclusive legislation. II Pennsylvania,
New York and Ohio, the three great States,
with Kentucky, Georgia, Missouri, Alabama
and Louisiana, wish to try an experiment on
iron, coal, hemp, cotton bagging, sugar, &c.
&c, am ready, as one citizen of Massachu-
s3tts, to meet it, and await in patient subrnis-
sion the result, which doubt not will be found
within eighteen months, in the realiZltion of
I'll | have predicted. | say agnin, ] would
ftot, if could, have a tariff made for Massa-
chusetts alone. If, however, there should be
anew one, let or interests, with those of ev-
cry other i'm the Union, share that protection
IN which we are all entitled, and ofwhich ice
claim our ftH share. can with confidence
assure you, that we shall go upward and on
ward. We cM ,cork. IfI2 hours labor in
the "a will not sustain us, we can, and will
hv3rk II; and at the same time feel that Con-
.-zsrcss cannot take the sinews from our arms,
.sor rob us ofthe Intelligence acquired from
our system of public schools, established by
the foresight and wisdom of CIR fathers.
1t has often been said here by us, who adj
vocate protection to American labor, that in
wearing British cottons, woollens &c. &c,
we were consuming British wheat, beef,pork,
! am happy to find authority ofthe highest
Responsibility for this opinion, in the person
of one ofthe most eminent merchants, as
well as one ofthe best and most honorable
men in England, Mr. William Brown, of Liv-
,e'pool-lately the Free Trade candidate for
Parliament, from the county of lancaster
In letter to John Rolfe. Esq, landholder,
upon the advantages of Free Trade, he says:
"You next allude 20 the League wishing to
inlure you. presume it will not be denied,
that all interests in the Kingdom are so link
Z together, that none of them can suffer
without the others being injured. We must
sink or swim together Paradoxcal il
nay appear, tiiinll Great Britain is the larg-
est grain exporting country in the world al
though it is impossible to estimate accurate
" whit quantity of grain &c, is consumed in
preparing $4,000, 900 value of exports, by
which you are so greatly benefited. 1t is
placed in the laboratory of that wonderful
Intellectual machine, Man, which gives him
the physical power, aided by steam, ofcon-
v3rting it into broad cloth, calico, hardware,
e.. &C., and in these shapes, your wheat
finds way to every country i'll the world"
thank Mr. Brown for the clear statement
IN, has presented, ofthe importance ola home
market, and commend this extract from his
letter, 10 the consideration of every farmer in
crhe United States; it is perfectly sound, ap-
plies with particular force TO our present con-
dtion. To place the people in n condition
of permanent and solid prosperity, you must
encourage home industry, by obtaining the
greatest amount of production; this can only
be obtained bydiversfying labor, which will
bring with it high wages; and unless the Ia
hor is we'll paid, our Country cannot prosper.
Agriculture, the foundation of all wealth, de-
ponds on production, and market for those
products. The encouragement of agricul-
ture, in the establishment of manufactures,
which if maintained, will be certain to secure
n market
ask the farmer to look for a moment to the
following statement. American flour in Gu
ba pays a duty ofabout so per barrel in Rio
Janero S. to SO, and in many other ports the
.l,,+;os ,o.y From, SO to IN nor cant :. in no.