davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
The plan Of instruction in this department Of the
University, presents pecuartes, TO be found in no
other school Of medicine in the Union. The leo
lures commence the LIST of October, and terminate
on the 18th Of June.
Owing 10 the length Of the session. which EN-.
braces period of nine months three professors are
enabled to perform all the duties which in other med
ica institutions are usually assigned to six; and te
students seldom required TO attend more than
two lectures on the same day. By this arrange
ment, the students have an opportunity Of being
elementary branches Of medical science, before they
investigate their applications in connection with the
study Of the practice Of Medicine and Surgery.
Immediately before each lecture, the students are
subjected TO full and rigid examination on the pre-
ceding lecture, or on portions Of approved text
books. IL is apparent that the plan, Of which the
outlines have been briefly stated is one which allows
the student TO commence well as 10 complete his
medical studies In the institution, and presents
happy combination of the advantages of the system
of instruction. by private puplage and that Of public
Any person Of approved moral conduct may Offer
as a candidate, and receive the degree Of M. ID,
without reference to the time he has been engaged
in the study Of medicine, or Of joining the school
provided he undergoes, in a satisfactory manner
the various examinations prescribed by the enact.
ments. The professors are: -. .0
Robert E. Rogers, M, D., Professor Of Chemis.
try, Pharmacy, and Materia Medica.
Henry Howard, M. D., Professor Of Pathology
and Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, and Medical
Jurisprudence.
James L. Cabell, M. D., Professor of Anatomy
Physiology, and Surgery.
John Stage Davis M. D., Demonstration of Anat
omy.
July l6-lawly
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
UNfyERsITY or yIReINIA.

TIME sessions of this institution annually com
Il menee on the LIST day of0ctober, and terminate
on the 18th OF June following;
The schools Of the University, with their respect
i've professors, are;
/. AEcIEGr LANGUAGES, Professor Harrison.
2. MoDKRE LAsGUAGEs, Schele.
q MArBKnArtos Courtenay.
4. NATURAL PHILOsOPHT, w. 3. Rogers
S. GNU EssmEERRG--the subjects of which
are divided between the professors Of Mathematics
and Nsisrai Philosophy
6. CHEnIsrRI, Professor X. 4. Rogers
7. MEDIoRE, Howard,
3. AsArossr q sUHaERY, % Csbell.
3. MoRAL PHnOsOrHr, McGoiiey.
10, Law, ... j. b. Minor.
In both schools of Languages are also taught An.
eient and Modern History, and the literature Of the
Ia the school d Mathematics il included mixed
mathematics. ... ..
In that of Natural Philosophy, mineralogy and
geology. 4 2. 49,.
In fai of Moral Philosophy, bslles-lettres, logic
and political economy. -. = ,a,. b
In that Of Law, besides municipal law IN all il
branches the law Of nature and nations, the science
of government, and constitutional law.
To be admitted into thus Institution, the applicant
must be sixteen years Of age; but the faculty may
dispense with this requsinon In favor Of one whose
brother Is q student. ..a ......r
Every student is free 70 attend the school Of his
cnolce, Dul VI ne &c Nnucr IWcuty-ono years OF age
he shall attend al least three unless authorized by
his parent or guardian in writing, by the Faculty
for good cause 70 attend a less number.
All students under twenty-one years Of age are
required 10 board within the precincts, and TO de
posite their funds with the Patron.
Religious services regularly performed al the
University by chaplain, who is appointed, In turn
from the -four principal denominations Of the State
and by resolution of the Faculty, ministers Of thu
Gospel may attend any Of the schools without IN,
payment Of fees 10 the Professors. The same priv
ilege is extended TO young men who are preparing
for the ministry, upon their presenting 10 the Fac
ulty satisfactory evidence Of decided merit.
The expenses Of the season OF nine months are al
| follows;
Board, lodging, and attendance. SO,
Rent Of dormitory sl6 for half, If occupied by
Two '...., ..........'.. .................
Use Of public rooms. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. j.
Fuel and candles estimated at................ II
Fees, II only one professor be attended, so; IL
two, TO each professor $50; II more than two,
10 each s2S; say. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. II
Total, exclusive Of clothes, books, and pocket
money!. NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. Szls
The allowance for clothes is limited to 400, and
Of pocket money 70 S45
The usual average amount expended by resident
students s found, from the Patrons books 10 rang,
about $3.50; which sum is believed TO be amply SUI
heient for every useful purpose.
VIM. 8. KEMPER,
Proctor and Patron, University Of Va.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
CERTIFICATES.

CERTIFICATES
BALTIMORE, May Is, 1886.
Mr. G. G. RErNHARDT: | have examined and
used to some extent the truss of Mr.. Charles G.
Reinhardt. II is an instrument well adapted to
treatment Of hernia, and especially the accomplish
commend it an ingenious and useful instrument
N. r. SMITH, NJ. d.
Prof o. Surgery.
Having examined the truss Of Mr. Chas C. Rein
hardt, concur with Prof Smith in the opinion as to
its merits.
JOHN R. w. DUNBAR.
| have used the several trusses manufactured by
Mr.. c. c. Reinhardt, and have found them well
adapted to effect the ends for which trusses have
been applied. :.
One of the surgeons Of Baltimore ln6rmary,
No 45 Lexington ST., Bait.
April 80, 1886.
BALTMoRE, May IL, 1886.
regard the truss of MIR. Chas. c. Reinhardt as
superior to any other now known, and should be
glad to see it generally introduced into practice.
CHAS BELL GIBSON, M. D.,
Prof. Of surgery in the Washington
University, Baltimore.
BALTIMORE, May Ia, 1886.
The hernial truss, invented by Mr. G. G. Rein
hardt has advantages over most others now in use,
in regard durability of MATERIAL variety Of form
Of pad, and its admitting Of being easily cleansed
Its Introduction into use, ifjudciously selected and
applied, doubt not would give general satsfac.
ton.
III. WILLIS BAILEY, M. D.,
Prof Of anatomy and operative surgery,
Washington University, Bait.
A treatise on the use Of the above valuable truss
also many othpr certi6catea If the
highest responsibility, will be given gratuitously tc
any one who will apply to ..0.
Y. ID. GILMAN, Druggist,
Penn, avenue, near Browns Hotel, who is solo
agent for the District. .... ..
June -
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04

instate the Petersburg Railroad Company in all the
privileges granted them in the several acts passed
for their benefit by the said State, until the legs-
ature Of Virginia shall Otherwise direct; Provided
hOspa, That this section shall not be in force UNI
Ill the Petersburg Railroad Company shall agree 10
the third section Of this act, which confens on The
board Of public works the power so 10 regulate,
from time TO time, the fare for passengers on each
railroad between Weldon and Baltimore and Wei
don and Petersburg as to prevent an injurious com
petition. -. . 80.
g. This act shall be in force from the passing
thereof ...
July 6-lswt4Sept J. B., jr., I'd Aud.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04

ERANKLIN Medical College OF Phila-
IL deiphia.--The first annual course OF lectures
in this institution will be opened on Monday, the
18th October next, and will be continued until the
end Of the ensuing February!
- /. . PRoFEssoRs. ...u.. q.
{. G. Van wyck, M. D., Principles ond Practice
Of Surgery. ......r ...
Meredith cymer, M. D., Principles and Practice
Of Medicine. .... 49,. ......gt... gtg
john Barclay BlddIe, NJ. D., Matsria Msdiea and
Therapeutics. a
DAVID Hunter Tucker, M. D., Obstetrics and Dis
eases Of Women and Children. ....g. pol, 4!
Levin S. Joynes, M. D., Physiology and Legal
Medicine. 80 ... ..... .... Nv.
James B. Rogers, M. D., General and Organic
Chemistry ........ -. .r.
Joseph Lsidy, NJ. D., Demonstrster Of Analo-
The Franklin Medical College was incorporated
by the legislature Of Pennsylvania January 18th,
l646 with privileges ample those conferred on
any similar Institution in Pennsylvanis, and IL su-
horized by section third Of lis charter ito grant the
degree Of doctor Of medicine 10 any such persons
shall have attended Two courses OF medical lectures
and possess the qualifications now usually required
Of candidates in other medical colleges in Pennsyl'
| vania." ....... ,........
In addition L. the regular lectures the students Of
the Franklin Medical College will have the priyegs
Of attending gratuitously 70 the clinical instruction
afforded by general dispensary attached 10 the COZ
lege. The exercises here will be 90 arranged as moi
70 interfere with the clinical courses at the different
hospitals all Of which open to tho students Of
the Franklin Medical College on The same terms a.
70 the students Of any other institution. The col
Iege buildings are in the immediate neighborhood OF
the Pennsy wanna Hospital. The rooms for praeti-
cal anatomy are unusually commodious, occupying
the whole upper story Of the college. -
Ftss-For each Of the seven tickets. 1900. SIS
Naturalization fee, to be paid once only ...... 6
DlploWa lcc ~
No other charge necessary to graduate n.
Additional Information respecting the course Of in
struetion will be communicated on application to
J. B. BlDDLE, NJ. D.,
Dean Of the Faculty,
N. E. corner Of Spruce and Ounce streets,
Philadelphia.
June l9-law3m Intel.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04

andrs at halfpast g. or after the arrival Of the ears
from Baltimore. Returning, leave Norfolk (touch-
ing at Portsmouth and Old Point) every Monday
and Thursday at 5 o'clock, p. m. Passage and
fare, IS.
The osceoa will not fail TO connect going and re-
turning, with the Portsmouth and Roanoke rail
road and the Richmond and Petersburg steamers
Passage and fare TO Richmond or Petersburg, S.
She will stop at her usual landings on the PotomaC
TO take off and land passengers, and at Cone river
every Saturday going, and Monday, returning from
Norfolk.
Passage and fare to Piney Point, 81.
JAMES MITCHELL, Master.
MAJ
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
NATIONAL HOTEL,
Late French's.)
NORFOLK, VIRGINIA.,
BY F. BLACK.
June t9--6m -.

Rotary Pumps. ...
THEsE pumps have been in use upwards Of
satisfaction. For simplicity Of construction, dura-
bllity, and convenience Of procuring water they
not equslled by any other pump. They will throw
water nifty feet high, or so feet in horizontal line.
One Of them, arranged an engine, may be seen at
the corner OF b and It'll streets. They would be
decidedly useful in Of fire. for watering gardens,
or for washing windows. Orders received by
July 16-eo6t J.F. CALLAN.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
May q
To yisiters to the Virginia Springs, Nat
ural Bridge, &c.
60 60 sh ~

VIsITERs to the Virginia Springs will find
their most agreeable, expeditions, and comfort
able route 10 be by the Potomac steamboat psssing
in view Of Mount Vernon, 70 AQUA Greek, and az
forwards by the Richmond and Fredericksburg
and Louisa railroads 20 Gordonsville, whence they
are conveyed by four-horse post-coaches to Char
lottesviue, Stsunton, Warm Springs, White Sui
phur, &C. passing in sight OF Monticello and the eel
ebrated University Of Virginia, and avoiding night
travelling.
Passengers by this attractive route reach the
Warm Springs TO breakfast the second day after
leaving Washington, and the White Sulphur in the
afternoon Of the same day.
For further particulars apply on board the Poto-
mac steamboat, to
J. w. ROGERS, Captain.
June 95-3taw
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
Two Trips a week TO Norfolk, Ports
mouth, and Ola Point.

THE steamer Oscsola, not
~ surpassed in beauty or speed
Ah -. by any boat on the Potomae,
9sa3a23 f69 will leave Washington for
the above places every We'd
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
vNRANsYLvANIA UNIVERSITY. :.

$3.50. t..-- IL, -. - = .-.II
Inc meclsa. lectures WI e9mmenee as usuai
CO.., noon,hs nnSsr ~. so,o.D,ns srr.rs,u ~
Ths nr,ncniss and nrsc,ic, 81 s'',ssrv hv Pm
&C., DidIsu eN'' ~
N,,.r;, msd;c. and ,bsr,n.,,iss bv proo..o,
MitcbeI -
N Thsm;.,rv and ,b,rm.,v hv pros...,, p.,,r
Social ,od sur.ic,l .nsiomy hy p,os.sso, Rr.b
Gsnsr,, .nd n.1holosc.I an.,on,,, "a nh,.oin-
81 hy profs..or usen
'Ohs,etr;c, and dseea.s of uor,.n and cbid,er by
p,ssor an anu u'e''e' o' women anu 'nufe"' 0y
Th.orv md nr,c,ics If u.d;c;n. hv p,ot..sor
R.,,Is,, anu P'''N'o VI "'''''''e' " i'Oe''0'
D.mnn.,r,,or or ,,.,o,v z r nadia, NJ n
IT,. wboi. co !, aa sos,y sIot. IA .. 49,. ~.
utterly Abolished s,sd the credit SYSTEM cash will be m
Tbs us,r;c,,Iat;on and ,;brsrv ,ick., ia. az
TT TT hn0a;.sI ,;sL., a - "o'aiy 'oAe' ~
,,"..s,;In ,;.s., = NJ
Gsadns,;ss1 s.s Of
Possd;nss "a ,,a.;r, fran, 40 - a, NAE -
II "a -. ;u.,,,dsd o" ~ - p'' "'A'
'''' I ~, ns s ~ F.c,,I,v.
TaoWAS n M2rcurIJ NJ n n..n
Lex,sa,oa ~ : III, M Ia, W. % D'""'
n HrnICAI. asna tr,ert or IN. c.,umh,-
N an CaIIe "a Wa IN In stan n - -Tb,
49, nj, Sa,.s.ss. ~ -. ~. "a 49,. - a.
lectures WI, sommenee On ,ne "a Snady III oSo,
49,, zoo" ,,;t G =. d.I;va,.J tn
..i"a ',o.S Iii :. - 20 - ',as., H.,
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04
JOHN r. w. DUNBAR.

Having examined the truss Of Mr.. Chas c. Rein
,rd, concur with Prof Smith in the opinion as to
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04


road, the general assembly of Virginia hereby re-
serves the right, by special act Of legislature or
otherwise, to revoke all the powers, privileges and
mmunites, to be conveyed by the sale Of said road
and to declare the same null and void.
6. Be ii further enacted That it shall be the duty
Of the board of public works Of Virginia, and they
are hereby required, so to regulate, from time to
time, the fare for passengers on each railroad be-
tween Weldon and Portsmouth, and between Wei
don and Petersburg, to prevent injurious com
petiuon by reducing the fare on by either of the
sand roads, either by direct levyihg Of such fare or
nv any combination or arrangement with any other
railroad or stage line, or with any line OF steam
boats on the Chesapeake Bay, for such reduction Of
fare: and in reference to the fact of such combna-
Iion or any injurious reduction of fare aforesaid
the board of public works shall be the sole Judge,
and their order shall ba obligatory either both
of the said companies: Provided, The stockholders
of the Petersburg Railroad company, in general
meeting, agree to this sechon. .o .. ..
7. BE il further enacted, That in case the author.
tiles of the State Of Moth Carolina shall at any
Tina bv legal process or otherwise deprive the Pc
.ersbure Railroad company Of any Of the privilege:
and advantages of its ycharter obtained from tina
State by any act here. pfore done, omitted to b.
done, by the said Pessssbprg Railroad company, OF
bv any means what Dover prevent the aforesaid Pc
tersburg Railroad q4mpany from conducting thei
operations on so M h Of their railroad az lies with
IN the State Of y birth Carolina, or on any par
thereof, by reasc& Of any act heretofore done, o.
omitted TO be One, by the Petersburg Railroa'
company them the rights, privileges, and immu
mites herebyaeranted to the aforesaid Seaboerd am
Roanoke r ,hroad Company shall cease and be de
termined Until the State Of North Carolina shall re
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04

MEMo:-The portion Of this road which lies ii
North Carolina is claimed adversely To the mort
ages Of the board ofpublic works by persons VIII
profess TO hold IL under the laws OF North Carolina
Ia is 10 be understood that the title 10 such portion
10 be sdjudicated according TO the laws and by III
courts Of that State, and must be taken at the pur
chsser's own hazard. J. B ,jr., I'd Aud.
I'd auditors Office, July Sd 1886.
The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-08-04

Mr.. c. c. Reinhardt, and have found them well
adapted to effect the ends for which trusses have
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1846-02-20
VOL. VINO. So.


more correct estimate of the cost of
each than have yet been able to
make, for the want of sufficient data,
But at this time / can only say that
think none of the routes will be
more expensive then was anticipa-
ted, except that of the Kankakee
feeder upon the Joliet level. The
costs Of this feeder will conSidera.
bly, exceed NY former estimate.
The plans, maps, profles, and es-
Inmates for the feeders not having
yet been completed cannot give
the expense Of these surveys in full,
but it has been as small as it was
possible 20 make it. In fact it would
have been much better to have ia
ken none of the officers from the ca
nal, for so many have been disabled
from doing duty by sickness that
those who remained in charge Of the
work have been unable to perform
all the duties that have devolved up-
on them, the contractors and the
work itself has sustained much iniu-
ry in consequence. The design was
TO make the feeder surveys at the
least possible cost, but as it has re-
suited much more has been lost than
saved by our economical policy.
The last summer and autumn has
been the dryeSt ever known here
since the settlement of the country,
and the streams relied upon for
supply OF water for the canal have
been at very low stage for many.
months past. But the quantity of
water which may be supplied from
these sources is ample. Guages
have been made of each of the RI
yers during the season, as follows,
to wit:
Fox river, Oct. 6. q 2i2 oubc FEET per minute.
| Kankakce. Sep. 10 Is 49, 4"
Calumet, Aug. 10, 5uo &"
Du Page, Aug. . l,5)D =
There certainly las never been
50 little water Rowing in the streams
for the last twelve years, but the
minimum discharge may be even
less than is shown by tie above mt a.
surement. 1t will be seen howev, r,
that there Will be all the water
which may be desired for canal pur-
poses and where it mag be rendered
available, but the costof introducing
the necessary supply not having yet
been fully asccrtained, must be Civ
en- in a future report.
1 Al which is respectfully submit
tct. w. GOODING.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1846-02-20

tees, they proceeded to allot this
portion Of the work to the former
contractors at the estimate of said
engineer.
The work not allotted to former
contractors and which was offered
for letting on the 18th August, after
six weeks notice had been given in
the newspapers of Illinois, Boston,
and New York, was awarded to the
"lowest responsible bidder" This
portion Of the work as will be seen
by the accompanying report of the
chief engineer, was let at prices far
below his estimate.
Although the sections and struc-
lures to which the former contrac-
tors were entitled by the law of ls43,
were allotted on the 22d July, it will
be perceived by the report of the
Chief Engineer that operations upon
the line Of canal were not actually
commenced until the month of Sep
TENDER; the intervening period hav-
ing been consumed by the contrac-
tors IN making preparations, &c.
A beginning had scarcely been made
however, before sickness made its
appearance in the valley of the Hi
nols, and in consequence but little
work was executed by the contrac-
tor until after the first estimate was
made 10th October, 1915.
The surveys of the several feeder
lines have been completed, but no
decision has yet been made upon
the number to be introduced. This
question will receive full considera-
ton before it is definitely acted up
on by the Board.
The following reports and state
mentS are appended hereto.
/. Report of the Treasurer, con-
tanning an account of all the receipts
and expenditures from the organiza-
ton Of the Board of Trustees to the
Both November, 1915, inclusive.
2. Report of the Resident trustee
with an abstract from the statements
of the agents Of the canal lands and
town lots.
3. Report of the Secretary of the
Board with a list of all persons en-
ployed by the trustees, compensa-
ton paid to each, list of contrac-
tors, prices at which the work was
contracted for, &c.
A. Report of the Chief Engineer.
Signed in Washington on the eth
December, lS45, by William II.
Swift, in New York on the 29th De-
cember, 1915, by David Leavitt,
and in Lockport, Illinois, on the l4th
January, 1916, by Jacob Fry.
w. II. SWIFT,
ID. LEANlTT,
JACOB FRY.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1846-02-20
NO. 4.
CANAL OFFICE. }
LocRPORr, Nov. ~, lS4J. :

hnthPORr, NOV. ~, 1910. \
Capt. w. II. SWIFT, Pres't of Board Of
Trustees of the III. and Mich. Canal:
Sir,-ln compliance with the re-
quest contained in your letter of the
18th inst, | have the honor to for
ward you a brief report of the oper-
atoms of the Engineer Department
since its organization in July last.
The department was organized on
the % of July and by the 2Sth all
the officers in the corps were active
ly engaged in the performance OF
the respective duties assigned them.
The work upon the main line was
divided as equally as practicable be-
tween w. p. White and John b.
Preston, resident Engineers; Mr..
White having charge of the line
from Chicago to Dresden and Mr..
Preston from Dresden to La Sale.
The assistant Engineers upon Mr..
Whlttle's part of the line are, John
Van Horne, John l.. Hanchctt and
Merwin Benjamin; and upon Mr..
Preston's Henry A. Gardner, A. j.
Galloway and Robert Elder.
Upon a minute examination of the
line by the officers stationed upon
the respective subdivisions, it was
found that nearly all the old stakes
were gone, and the bench marks in
jured or destroyed, so that the cen
ire lines in most cases had to be re-
established, test levels again run
over the ground, and new benches
established, the distances accurate
ly remeasurcd, and, in fact, the
whole heldwork, except the location
of the canal, had to be done over
again upon the unfinished portions
of it.
The labor required to lay out the
old work, and obtain the necessary
notes for an accurate calculation Of
the quantities remaining, was yer,
greatly more upon work which hac
been partly done, than upon new
work: and with the most unremit.
ting diligence on the part of the Of
ilcers in charge Of some of the sub.
divisions, they have been unable tc
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1846-02-20
No. 3.

No. 3.
ILLINOIS Ann MICuiGAS CANAL OrrIcE, }
Loc6pOr, November &c, 1915. s
Capt w. II, SWIFT, PreSidsm ofMe
Board # Trustees fMc Ills. and Mich Canal
SlR:--In compliance with the re-
quest contained in your favor of the
18th ! have the honor to report:
That the treasurer of the board of
trustees, has furnished me during
the past summer, with $d000-and
S3,92S rs have been paid by Illinois
subscribers to the canal loan, max
ing together 1898 rs, which have
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1846-02-20

4 Match far "Iiains. "A good
anccdoic is told in the last True A
merican of man named Bently, a
most confirmed drunkard, who
would never drink with a friend, or
in public, and always bitterly denied
when caught little too steep, ever
tasting liQ0o-. One day some bad
wiipcsScs concealed themselves in
lis,ro6ih, and when tie liquor was
running down his throat, seized him
with his arm crooked and his mouth
open, and holding him fast. asked
him witlfYan air cf triumph, IA,
Benfiy, EaHevc caught you at !ass
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1846-02-20
Report Of the trU-irr. of the Illinois and
Michigan tpnut.

The Springfield Register Of week before last
publishes the first report of the bonnl of trustee.
oil the lIlinois ard Michigan Canal, If which we
insert the greater par below, believing that it
will he read with interest 10y Il majority Of our
readers. The parts omitted are chicl, tables, of
which the totals are given below, but which to in.
sert at length would take up more room than
their interest would Justify.