The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1846-07-05

make I'll Their l tiers OF marque ; or whether he
intended to maintain the principle formerly adop.
ted by French admirals, that all armed vessels
even bearing regular letters of marque, should be
considered pirates, if the captain and the crew
were not born subjects (not naturaized, but ac-
tualy born snbjects) Of the country which issued
The principle which guided the Ministry OF the
Marine in France, in reference 10 corsairs was
that for ship to have the right TO sail under the
French flag the captain must be French, the Off.
GERS must be French, and two-thirds Of the crew
must be French. Nevertheless in certain cir.
cumstances, IT was considered sufficient if three
fiiths OF the crew were French. 1t was on such
conditions that letters of marque were delivered
an time OF war to vessels navigating under the
French flag. The question that he had been
asked was, II foreign vessels, not placed in a
stu alton perfectly analogous as to the COM
position OF their crews were 10 be considered as
pirates! he answered, that the circumstances
which constituted piracy, were determined by
the law of 1925 and that vessel must be found
in the precise conditions defined by that law. to
be reputed pirate. But, evidently if French
vessels OF war were ordered TO cruise in places in
which French commerce needs protection, and
it the captains of those vessels of war were 10
meet ships which, under fsreign flag, should
have captain, officers, and a majority of the
crew not belonging to the nation Of that foreign
flag, there would be just motives of suspicion and
sthe captains OF such vessels Of war ought, undel
their responsibility, to take measures necessary
to pro ect the interests Of their country; and 4
was only for French tribunals in the ports o.
France to decide the veritable situation of the
ships referred to. A deputy then insisted thai
the principles on which France acted were good,
but Mexico should be obliged to act upon Them
too. He then read an extract from despatch OF
n French admiral to the Mexican government il,
1889. in which he laid down that every vessel
bearing a letter Of marque, but of which the cap.
tam and two-thirds of the crew should not be
Mex can, would be considered pirate and treat
ed as such with all the severity OF the laws oil
war. TIE Minister replied as follows =" THAI
he had the honor to explain to the honorable de.
putty, that the rule of the MARINE the rule of the
Minister as chief OF great military corps, as Civ.
ing orders to captains and officers of ships OF fhe
navy-that rule could not be the same as formerly
he knew the despatch that had been quoted-a
copy of it existed in his department. He thought
that the admiral who wrote it, had done well in
tracing out line Of conduct to the officers under
his orders; but it remained to be seen that il
when the ships should be anchored in the ports
of France, and be before the justice of the coun-
try, that justice would proceed with respect to
them in the same manner. He belAed that il
Of au act of them in the same manner. He be-
heved that 1t was in the number Of the first, the
most important, duties of an admiral, to watch
over the safety and the fortunes Of his country
men traversing the seas and he ought not 10
hesitate to take on his responsibility to arrest
ship OF which he had Just cause of suspicion. But
his right did not 60 so far as TO warrant him, al
was done of DID, to declare the captain of the YES.
sci pirate, and to hang him at the yard ARM
captain, officers and crew, recognised as pirates,
were instantly treated SUCH 1t was evident,
however, that under constitutional government
there was different manner of proceedings
that he had not asked the Minister if the men
would be hung at the yard-arm He had asked il
the captains OF the vessels in the of the Anti
les would have the order to seize vessels calling
themselves Mexicans, but of which the captain
and the greater part of the crew should not be
Mexicans. lfthey were brought to trial in a
French port and acquitted, there would be no.
thing to say. But what he wanted to know was,
to arrest them To this question the Minister
vouchsafed no reply.
The Latest Commercial Intelligence.
from the Liverpool Times, June 1917
The weather during the last fortnight has been
intensely, oppresslvely hot-too hot to move OF
reached tropical altitude. The excessive
warmth has been without parallel in England
du ring the last sixteen or twenty years. That
affecting visitation of Heaven, rarely witnessed
In this country, death by coups de soic, has been
frequent IN different parts of the land.
But the growing crops, Notwithstanding the
excessive heat, look beautiful. There has been
little rain, but the dews at night and morn have
been frequent and refreshing, and with the
glorious sunshine above, are bringing forward the
produce of the fields magnificently. The harves,
promises to be abundant, and, what is hardly OF
less consequence, early-the earliest, indeed, for
years past.
The sweet and sours of life are impartially
blended, and there few substantial Der its
unaccompanied with more or less or evil. ow
that the great experiment is being made in the
primary food OF the people, nature pours her
bounties, in derision, as it were, of mans fore
sight. The prospect for the English farmer is
cherries, bat he has to thank his too dear friends
the monoposts, for it all. An immense quantity
of foreign wheat and flour will be released from
bond at the ow rate of duty when the Corn Bill
has passed, and this will be thrown on the mar
ket just as the agricul;urist is sweeping the pro
duce of his prolific fields into the granary.-
Frees will come down, there will be agricultural
panic, and the cry of " the Corn Bill has done it,
will be raised. But the fact is otherwise. Sup.
ply and demand are relative terms. II the bond.
ed wheat and flour could have been released
with certainty three or four months ago, the evil
would have been prevented, certainly mitigatcd.
But the friends OF dear loaf carried their selfish.
ness too far. In hopes of ultimately throwing out
the Corn Bill, they imposed every obstacle, in
vented every delay Their tactics have proved
fruitlcss, and he poisoned chalice has now return
ed to their own lips. The misfortune is, that the
innocent suffer with the guilty The poor farmer
suffers equally with the rich landlord but the
farmer was no party TO the fraud, the latter was.
Yet the shoulders least able to bear the burden
are those on which it will press the heaviest. 1t
is poor consolation for the hardworking son OF
the soil to be told that no great public benefit can
be achieved without some individual suffering.
If his landlord took such plea as payment for
land The great bulk of the owners of broad
acres, pressed by their artificial and imaginary
wants, are poor-too poor to understand any argtl-
ment but the cash in had. The nobleman or
gentleman, whose estates yield 100000 a-year
and spends f2l 600 is poor-as the farmers, to
their cost, know; the nation, to its sorrow, has
experienced.
The next battle on the Free-trade ground will
take place in Suga. an article which has too long
taken in" the country. The Sugar Duties expire
on the 9th proximo, and some modification must
be introduced before that time. PeePs views
have not transpired; no opportunity for develop
ing them has been afforded him. The intermn-
able Coercion Bill occupies the front Of the poti-
cal stage, and engrosses the attention of the chief
actors.
The moves of the chess-board point the moral
of politics at the present moment. Each party i:
anxiously waiting for an opportunity to check
mate its rival The lower House has purposey
procrastnated the "talk" on the Irish Bill, tc
afford the peers time for passing the Corn bill
and the peers have returned the compliment by
talking leisurely about Corn and doing little in