davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1846-06-20

The Iocusls have appeared iuOhio in I'M
mense numbers IN The eastern counueS Of
Muskiugum and Coshoclon aud The eastern
portions Of Knox aud LiCkirg.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1846-06-20

WAR DEPARTMENT, June, IL, 1886
Sr; respectfully submit herewith
reports Of Brevet Major General Taylor
and accompanying documents, giving a
detailed account OF the battles Of 'Pslo
Alto snd Of The 'Resaca de Ia Palma,
IN Texas, which took plscs OIL The s'h
and 9Th I,imo;and also Of the bomb,rd-
ment of The For, opposite Malamoras.
Very respectfully, your Obeden' ser.
want;
w. L. MARCY, Secretary Of WN.
To The PRESIDENT.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1846-06-20
z. TAYLOR.
Rpv,, Brig. Gen U. s. A. Comd'g,
THE ApJuTANr GENERAL of the Aimy
Washington d. G.

&rtracts from a despatch from General
Tavlor. dated Maiamorcs Nay 81, ls4e
Our future movements must depend in
a grea, degree on the extent TO which the
Rio Grande is navigable for steamboats,, and
] fear tha, my expectations in This pallicu-
lar will no, be realized. Though, al times,
navigable as high as Camsrgo, or even
Mier, II is doubtful whether boat can now
be pushed higher than Rsinosa. iGdeed
the tNera,' which 10 in the river, and &C.
companed the expedition under General
Smith, has mol ye. reached This place though
hourly expected. =
lshaIl lose no time in ascer.aining the prac
licabiIity Of the river for steamboats,, and
shall occupy Reino'a, and such ether points
as boa, may be able loreach.
AN the cavalry (EeguIar and irregularJ OF
,ke army, under command Of Lieut.. COL
Garland, is in pursuit Of The relrealing ar
my, to hsrss. its rear, and capture prison,
ers and baggage. We have no authentic
Intelligence from he lisu,enan. colonel since
his departure. Deser'srs are, however
coming in from the Mexicans.
Lieut., Col. Wilson's battalion Is, infan'
Try viva come Two huudIed volunteers" ws'
at Bar,a on the l7lh. and has since beer
reinforced by Gen. Smith, with about sew
en- hundred Louisiana volunteers. Thi:
column is ordered 10 move up ihe ngh
bank OF The river and i look hourly Tor ii:
arrival.
"A large amount d public stores, chief,
ordnance, has beer found concealed in Ihl'
town. We are gradually recovering it from
the placeS where il was hidden. Two
field, pisces, several hundred museeis, ant
two hundred shells are among tho articles
recovered
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1846-06-20

making Ih, cal Of The 26Ih Of April 7 wen
knew Issltt ME MeXIcans fOughtus al RlI
It would Be before the Oruval OF the yOlun
tsers. Il Nus for The purpose of clearing
the river and performing such further ser
vice as lhegovernmeo, might direct thai
laoughl it proper to Ssk for reinforce
menls,
Il ia extremity doubtful whether the foo
regiments from Texas can be raised and
stall desire the Governor who is expected
here 10 suspend tho call for them. None
Of the mounted companies except Captain
Prices already in service have reported 10
me:
lear Ma, The volunteers have exhausted
The supply Of tents deposited in New Or
leans for lbe use OF this army, We are
greatly in wan, of them; and | musi re-
quest that immediate measures be taken 10
send direct TO Brazps Santiago, say 1000
tents, for The use OF The army in the field.
The tents Of The 7Ih ln(an,ry were cut up
to make sand bags during the recent bonn
,bardnen Of Fort Blown.
! am, SIR, very respectfully, your OBJ,
servant
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1846-06-20
MESSAGE.

QJ The President gfhe United Saies,
rlat ve 10 the operations and re-
cent engagements # The Merca
Frontier:
To The Senate and House orRpreien-
la ICES;
| transmit herewith, for the ioforms.
ion oi'Congres', Official reports receiv.
al al the WarDeparlmenl from the 1fli
'er commanding the army on The Mex"
lcan frontier, giving detailed report OF
he operations of the army 10 that qua
er, aOd particularly Of The recent en-.
GagemenIs between The American and
Mexican forces.
JAMES X. POLK.
II
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1846-06-20

Washington, June l2, 1916.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19
The Madison Flood.

An extract from the Madison la.
Banner gives the following particulars
of the flood which occurred in that vi
cinity on the Sd inst, brief account
of which we gave in Saturdays Semi
Weekly.
AwfM Calamity-nine liucs losl-and
great destruction OF property.
Yesterday, Thursday, September
Sd, about two o'clock, P. NJ, heavy
cloud rested over this city, from which
the rain descended in stream for the
space of two hours or more. la short
time the mad waters came tumbling
down from every hollow, in every hill
side, and Crooked Greek "a very small
stream running parallel with the Ohio
River, between the hills back and the
city, rose above its banks; and the "bot-
tom," or "commons," between the Mi
chigan road and the high ground upon
which the city is built, was soon con-
verted into lake or broad river.
The large and beautiful culvert under
the artificial hill thrown up across the
hollow, in the construction Of the Rail
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19

such as the Sandwich isles, the Mar.
quesas, and Tahiti"
In relation to the ceaseess encroach.
ments of the English, M. de Mofras
states, that Hudson's Bay company
were pushing line Of forts into the
country, in anticipation of a compton,,
ise between the Mexican government
and its London creditors, by which
lands in Upper California will be offer
ed in payment He Heexpressed the opin.
ion, however, that California would fall
to the United States; and in relation to
the seizure Of Monterey by Com, Jones,
in 1870, remarks;
"Commodore Jones acted impru-
dently, perhaps, in taking possession Of
the town Of Monterey; but when The
thing was done, he ought to have kept
ii, and above all, to have taken the port
of San Francisco. No government in
the world would have dreamed of dis
possessing the United States. Eng
land alone, angry at seeing herself an
ticipated, might have protested, per-
haps; but everybody knows this power,
naughty with those who fear her, knows
how to make concessions, when she
meets with adversaries who do not
seem to be intimIdated."
This is singular language to be pub.
lished under the directions of the
French ministry. While. however,
events are maturing in California to
place that country within the confines
Of the Union, England is making more
rapid advances in consolidating her
power in the Mosquito country, which
embraces the extremity of the north
ern continent down to the Isthmus Of
Panama. Her claim is some pretend
ed deed Of gift by some drunken old
savage, who under the tutelage Of En-
glish agents, not only made over TO
her all his own country, but also some
claims to land that never
belonged to him. BY this right, Eng
Iish agents impose upon American ves-
sells charges for cutting mahogany SO
enormous as TO drive them away, and
10 give the monopoly to the English
The American interests in
hat quarter have been greatly neglect
I'd, through the incompetency of the
.esident consul there.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19

rich, his profits amount to eight per
centum per annum, over and above oil
expenses, salaries and losses. The
farmers profits, after deducting all ex-
penses, all his losses and what would
be fair salary or remuneration tor his
toll and labor, are just nothing at all.
Compare the profits of the banker with
those of the farmer as to the amount Of
taxes they pay. If the farmer were tax
ed by the bankers rule, he would but
seldom have any taxes at all to pay.
If The banker were taxed by the farm
er's rule, he would pay more than three
times as much as he does now. In hard
times, when the commerce Of the coun-
try IS deranged as it was '37 and '39,
when nobody makes a profit, then the
banker has no tax to pay, and the farm
er must pay all, enough for both him
self and the banker. The law bears
easy on the banker in time of need, but
hardest on the farmer when he most
needs relief, ~
The profits of the banker are not lIa-
bic for his debts. Every six months
these profits are divided among the
stockholders. who may amass large
fortunes from them, and build houses
and buy lands. If the bank fails with
thousands of their notes in circulation,
none Of this property is liable. The
law secures the banker from all danger
of loss after he has once put the profits
into his pocket.
Voters of Ohio, when you 60 10 the
polls to decide upon the existence oi
laws granting special favors to the bank
er, remember that the profits OF bank.
ing are greater than those of any other
trade, that only . small part of them
are taxed, that they are gained by the
light labor Of few hours day, and
that they are not liable for the bankers
debts. Remember that each one OF
these special privileges is denied to
yourselves, and then say will you vote
for bank-man ?--Ohio Press.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19

road, at the lower end Of the city, was
soon checked up with floating houses
and other materials, and the waters
damned up below, and rushing with
mad fuiy from above, Immediately ex'
tended on each side, so as to cover the
whole space known as the "Commons,'' :
extending from the northern limits oi
the city to the hills beyond. The back.
water, however, did not reach higher
than two or three hundred yards above
the new powder house before the cul-
vert gave way, and the torrent swept
off the high embankment-earth, stone.
and all-making gap above Of some
rs or 100 yards wide, and smooth bed
below, some 20 yards in width, resemb.
ling very much, on a small scale, the
passage Of the Potomac through the
Blue Ridge at Harper's Ferry-and
thus completely cutting off the railroad
communication between the Hill De.
potand the city.
But, the injury to the Railroad Com
pany is only small part Of the loss sus-
tanned by this unprecedented flood.-
All the bridges across Crooked Creek
have been swept off, and nearly all the
property in the immediate vicinity Of
its banks has been either entirely des-
treyed or greatly injured. Mcssrs.
Jacob Shuh, Whitney & Hendricks. and
Mitchell & McNaughien are among
the greatest suflerers-though neither
Of them, as we are informed, will be
compelled to stop business; but it will
take some time to repair their damages.
The grave yard, and the gardens, north
of the creek, have also been materially
injured. The loss of property is va
riously estimated. Some intelligent
persons say that, including the breach
in the railroad embankment, the loss
cannot be less than 100000. Others
say that thirty, forty, or, at most, fifty
thousand will cover all the damages
We have made dilligent inquiry, but can
form no estimate.
The worst remains to be told. 1t is
certain that nine persons have lost their
lives by this flood, viz:-Mr. Walker
and child, drowned in "Eagle Hollow;"
Mrs. Judg and two children, in ''lrish
Hollow"-Mrs. Scott, daughter of Mr..
Cottom,) swept off from her dwelling,
between Mulberry and West streets
and three colored people, Charlotte,
Edward, and Israel.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19

GJ-On account of the number Of papers arriving
at the Post Office, in this place, with writing upon
them, which subjects them to letter postage, we
have been requested by Mr.. Fleming, the Post
Master, to publish the following extracts from the
law and instructions upon this subject:
Extract from the 30th section Of the law Of 1895:
eff any person shall enclose or conceal a letter,
or other thing, or any memorandum in writing, in
newspaper, pamphlet, or magazine, or in any pack
age Of newspapers, pamphlets, or magazines, or
make ANY WRITING OR MEMoRANDuM THERE
ON, which he shall have delivered into any post
Office, or to any person for that purpose, order
that the same may be carried by post free OF letter
postage. he shall forfeit the sum of FIVE DOL
LARS for every such offence; and the letter, news.
paper, package, memorandum, or other thing, shall
NOT BE DELIVERED to the person to whom il il
directed, until the amount Of single letter postage
is paid for each article of which the package "a
composed" t
The following are extracts from instructions Of
the Postmaster General:
"The wrappers of all newspapers pamphlets,
and magazines, received BY mail for delivery.
should be taken off Frauds are very often attempt
ed, by concealiDg letters or memoranda in these
articles. A wrapper forms no part of the paper or
pamphlet; neither is postage paid on it, and il is as
pers from transient papers and examine them In
reference to frauds on the revenue to ascertain
whether letters be single or double. or whether the
postage be correctly charged Nothing can be
more unjust than to censure Postmaster for vei-
lance in this branch of his duty.
"Many attempts are made to evsde the payment
OF legal postage, by communicating intelligence by
means of dots or marks, designating particular
words and letters contained in newspapers or PAM
phlets. In all such cases the newspaper, pamphlet,
or magazine should be charged with letter postage;
and II the person to whom the paper or pamphlet
is addressed refuses to pay letter postage hereon,
you will Immediately enclose the paper or PAM
phlet to the Postmaster from whose Office il came,
and request him TO prosecute the person who plac-
ed il 10 bis office, for the penalty Of Eve dollars
prescribed BY law"
Letter postage on an ordinary newspaper. owing
to its weight, is, We believe, 10 cents; when, for
the same distance, the postage on letter is butB
cents. Thus it will be seen that instead Of any
thing being saved, the person RECEIVING newspa-
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19
Profits of Banking.

. The profits Of banking are much
greater than those of other kinds of
business. BY the report of Auditor
Woods, it may be seen that the taxa.
bic part Of bank profits amounted TO
about eight per cent. per annum. This
was part only Of the net profits over
and above all expenses. In the State
Of Ohio, where we have the latest i'm
provements In the science of making
money, they have invented new way
ofIncrcasing their profits. The bank
ermay invest his funds in STATE stocks.
These bring him six per cent. He
may then deposit the certificates Of this
stock with the Treasurer Of State, and
he has the privilege Of issuing paper
money to an equal amount. Upon this
he makes eight per cent. clear Of all ex-
penses. Here we have fourteen per
cent. besides all the salaries Of officers,
which will make it twenty or twenty
five per cent. Truly the profits Of bank
ing exceed those of any other business.
Only small part Of the profits Of
banking are taxed. The sixtielh sec.
ton of the bank law declares that each
bank "shal, semi-annually on the days
designated in the fity-ninth section for
declaring dividends, set off 10 the State
six per centum on the profits, deduct
ing therefrom the expenses and ascer-
tanned losses of the company, for the
six months next preceding, which sum
or amount, so set off, shall be in lieu OF
all taxes to which such company, or
the stockholders thereof. on account OF
stock owned therein. would otherwise
be subject; and the cashier shall, within
ten days thereafter, inform the Auditor
Of state Of the amount so set off, and
shall pay the same to the Treasurer of
State, on the order of said Auditor; but
IN computing the profits of the compa-
ny, for the purposes aforesaid, the in
terest received on the certificates of the
funded debt Of this State, held by the
company, or deposited with and trans
ferred to the Treasurer of State, or to
the Board of Control by such compa-
ny, shall not bc taken into account
First, there must be deducted all the
expenses, and the salaries ofthe officers
which may be just as large as they
choose to make them; next the losses,
no matter what may be the cause Of
them, whether the negligence of the
officers or the hazard OF their specuIa-
tions; and lastly all that they receive
from their State stocks. Let any tax
payer judge, if the eight per centum
upon which bankers consent to be tax
ed, is more Than small part of their
profits. ~
Compare the profits Of banking with
those Of farming. The banker works
leisurely some four or five hours day
in his comfortable office. He is free
from care because he is not Individually, /,
liable for his debts, If his speculations
should happen.to fail. He enjoys the
special protection Of the Legislature.
The farmer works hard many hours a /
day, exposed to all weathers, in the
broiling sun of the harvest field, and in |
the chilling blasts Of winter He de-
pends upon no man, asks for no special
favors from the Legislature. lf the |
season be unfavorabIe, he loses and
must bear The loss. The bankergrowsl
= Is Z 90
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19
Farmers Of Centre.

Recollect, when you come to the polls, who are
the trends of the new tax law! Recollect, also,
the following facts:
In lS45, the total amount OF the taxes raised in
Monroe county, was over 16 thousand dollars
And we have said in another article, the object
of the new tax law is TO raise more money, else
why Its passage. The total amount OF the new
appraisement, for ls47, will be but little over
t,oo millions of dollars; consequently to raise tax
Of l6 thousand dollars, on this apprasement, there
must be a levy of about 8 mills. These facts can
be ascertained by reference to the books in the
Auditors Office, But look at the following cal
culations, alta levy Of only seven mills and half
on the dollar:
The land Of Centre township is appraised under
the new law at the sum OF $l95, $40
Real estate Of the town of Woodsfeld at 26,606
q" +" Z" g Lewisyille at 3,479
Personal property for this year $1,000
Total, $so7, 1874
A levyo of IL mills on this appraisement would
raise but l6 dollars more than was paid by the tax
payers of Centre township for 1916, which was
$2292 80.
In Is45, the real estate OF the town Of Woods6eld
paid tax of $3.50 CO
AT IL mills under the new law it will pay 1884
Decrease, SSO,49
At l-2 mills levy, the farms of Centre township.
under the new appraisement, will pay $l46s 80
The same property paid last year but l25s,66
rt.s 4 Increase. S2fS,l4r
Farmers Of Centre, you have by this time. prob
ably, found out that the tax law was not framed
for your benefit but for the benefit of the citizens
Of towns and of rich capitalists!
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19
State Bank of Ohio.

When Kelley's far-famed Bank Law
was enacted, the people were promised
that money should be abundant, prices
high, business Of every description
brisk; in fine, that all should soon reap
fortunes. The hard money men were
denounced as destructives, who wished
to reduce prices, and destroy commerce
and trade. The old banks had nearly
all perlshed, either from their own in
mite rottenness, or the expiration of
their charters, and money was said to
be scarce. 1t was alleged that there
was not enough specie in the country
TO supply the channels of business
We were promised that Kellsy's Bank
Law would supply this deficiency. 1t
was, therefore, carried through the
Legislature, and innumerable banks
have gone into operation under it.
And what has been the result?--
Where is the money we were promis-
ed? The gold and silver that were in
circulation have vanished, and the pa
per promises of the banks are as few
and far between as angles visits. The
general complaint is, that money is
scarce. People have harder work now
to get hold of money than they had be-
fore the law was enacted. What has
produced this state of things' II can
not be attributed TO the hard money
men. The banks were incorporated
in spite of their remonstrances and
votes. The banks themselves, then,
must have produced it. They promis-
ed to relieve the wants of the people,
but have only aggravated their suffer.
ings. Those men who really want
loans, cannot obtain them. The banks
grant favors to their favorites only
The son of banker can obtain loan,
where the note of the mechanic, with
equally good securities, is rejected with
disdain. Instead of loaning to citizens
of our own State, they have extended
their facilities to those Of New York.
Instead Of loaning at per cent, paya-
BILE here, they generally loan at 6 per
cent. payable in New York, and charge
2 per cent. exchange; thus making the
borrower pay Sper cent.
But what has become Of the promis-
ed high pricesa What is the price of
pork, and oats, and corn? and what does
the farmer expect to get per bushel for
the wheat he is now harvesting. The
bankers promised one dollar bushel,
but will he get half of that? His ex-
psrience of bank promises has taught
him he cannot expect one half. Can
he keep it on hand for more ready
market? No; for if he keeps it, it is
liable to be taxed, and the assessor will
be after him and his wheat. Sell it he
must, if he only gets 80 cts. per bushel.
Thus have the people realized the
futility Of federal promises. Business,
instead Of being brisk, is stagnant; mon
ey, instead of being abundant, is scarce;
prices. instead Of being high, are low;
and men, Instead of reaping fortunes,
are all, except the bankers, growing
poorer Verify, it was well said, by a
certain great man, "They who make
the most promises, tell the most lies"
Facts for the People.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19
Imports. Exports.
Mexican flag, $4,000 $4,000
U. States flag, 10000 10000
English flag, 10000 $4,000
Miscellaneous flag, 10000 10000
Total, 100000 100000

Total, 10000 100000
The articles exported are, hides
$elO,ooo; tallow S55,ooo; peltries,
wood, &c., $15,o00; total $280,000.
The business done under the Mexican
flag is not in Mexican vessels but in
those belonging to citizens of other
countries doing business in Mexico.-
In l841, of eleven vessels that reached
California under the Mexican flag, only
one, boat of &c tons, in the service
of the government, was Mexican. In
relation to the soil of California, he re-
marks as follows:
"The soil is often, in the valleys, two
metres deep: the superior strata are
formed in part of organic detritus, and
are, of course, extremely fertile. y
The soil is never naked, grass covers it
through the whole year. The gram
ineous plants. attain the height of eight
or ten feet. But the trees OF California,
if not the largest, are at any rate, the
tallest, on the globe.
"The seasons follow the same course
as in (southern) Europe, and the year
is divide into two well-marked parts,
the season of rains which begins in
October and ends in March, and the
dry season, which embraces the re-
naming six months Of spring and sum-
"Once only since the colonization Of
the country has snow been known to
fall IN the plans.
"To resume, Upper California is, on
the whole, admirably fitted for coloni-
zation. This province presents the
greatest facilities for raising cattle, for
cultivating corn, plants, and for the
grape; it might contain twenty million
of inhabitants; y = y
and its ports are point of necessary
communication for vessels going from
China and Asia 10 the western coasts
of North America.
sit is, beyond doubt, that so soon as
an intelligent and laborious population
is established there, this country will
occupy an elevated rank in the COM
mercial scale; it would form the entre-
pot where the coasts Of the great ocean
would send their products, and would
furnish the greatest part Of their sub
sistence in grains to the northwest, to
Mexico. to Central America, to Ecua-
dor, to Peru, to the north coast of Asia,
and 10 many groups Of Polynesis--
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1846-09-19
Total, $ss4,9s

Total, $334,9 S621 90
Here Il is! The above taxes are within fraction
of being DOUBLED! T
0o-The wing candidate for Representate in this
county, Samuel P. Jones, is in favor Of the new
tax law. The 72 acres of land on which Mr.. Jones
lives and which he owns. paid tax in 1874, Of
$ll os; under the new adpraisement, at a levy of
mills. the tax win be the same land but S6 06.
Decrease, fire dollars and tioo cents We merely
mention this as an item of curiosity