davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rutland herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1823-1847, 1846-03-12

FARM FOR SALE AtNY
OR TO LET Mu
TUE ,us.ct,bet vi sell ~ lot tho f.,m
l nav cccupisi Nv ~ Gilman Ssnstd,
ltu,ied ihrvc miles rufuh ot CsNeton Wi
are, coutaipipe shoat "a, bundled hetss at
land good dwelhng house thtse barns, and
other 90, iJNinss. inge,hct With 1. good
sAwmill, which eau alWSvs he supplied " m
I,ra IN abundance. A'.u. ono undivided ooo
L,ur,h Of g sote, otC ed.r sod Pine s~ amp
,tu.,ed In Hubbsrtion. 'ore miir rcrh Of
,Md farm patutn,I made 20 ait H.. pu'.
,h,.t JOHN CAl<
Rutland Dec. . istS 80
STATE FNERNONr,tRfntemsm.
:, .pc,t .l prob.ts c"ur held al Ru'I'Ld
~thin aud fot siid DISTRICT on the Oh o"i
81 March. A y. isi6
Present, VIM Hall. Juds.
Wheuea. Edward +. Hodges, admit ''uA
tor of the es,sis Of Alerau'st W Reed
I late of RuuAnd in sad Jis,ict, deceasedin
terste, hiss this day made srpucslion Il
sad court In ~titihs ftpressnung that ~
/ peISontl estate OF ssid deceased Is lnsuhi
cien to pay the deb,s and expenses of Adn,in
i.,rsion by about the sum OF 5000 dollar.
and ptsyiny ssij covr, To giant HIN licens
TO sell so much Of ,he real estate OF said de
ceased q. will raise that sum sad real ~
tate was inventuried as consisting 81 lot
of land, containing about u se,ts. situate
In n.,ilsnd, . to,s al i-s,-i 80 As"ds.e o"n's'-
ing about ~ scies, and vi one pew IN th
Congregational Church and one pew IN III
Episcopal Church. Therefore,
It's ordered thAts,,i application he fefe
rel Tor hearing and dc lsion In tho hr
monday being the 6,h day Of April next. at
:hata copy OF this order be published wee'
.ucccsslvely yrevlou, thereto IN the Ru'lt
Herald, newspaper printed al RsilHnd til
oil persons interested may appear and ST.
y bond, for the payment oi said debts and e
z pense. ot otherwise object 10 the gaming
said license they see cause.
= A true copy ul record.
II HENRY HALL Register
Rutland herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1823-1847, 1846-03-12

at ~pe ial probate court lclI 81 ku'ian'
wuh,n and ior said distinct on the ao,h day ~
february, A u ifIf
Rutland herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1823-1847, 1846-03-12
Peasant VIM Hall. Judge.

An instrument in writing, .purpoTiIng To 10
the last will and testament Of Miner III
ward, l,,e of Dandy IN s,id district, de-
ceased, having this day been presented TO
said court for probate and allow ante b)
.,i,--...- y,., ,''-so'u UuuSvSs
Il is ordered that said will be referred
for probate and allowance TO the first
Monday being the 9th day Of April next.
and ,ha, copy Of tins order he published
three weeks succcsslvely previous thereto 10
the Rutland Herald, newspaper printed
a,Rutland tina, all persons interested NAV "p-
pear and object to the probate thereof II they
see cause. htrre copy of fecord
II HENRY HALL, Roc ister.
Rutland herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1823-1847, 1846-03-12

STATE OF vERMoNT,l RE 1t rcmem-
District Of Rutland =. - bcred that
alta special probate cour, held al Rutland
within and for ssld district on the 10Th day OF
March, lSt6
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
STRIKING FAcr

4 lgw days 40, Mr.. GNHERoN. lo1
syiyania, presented TO the Senate lbe
ceedug- u a meeting of Democrats
izons to,tJus 10 be valley o, "yea
expressing their entire opposition 70 o.
aiierallonln the tariff Of l-l4 amocg
prominent actors al which meeting
lieudrck. 3. VIZ ghl, Esq., ,he Pres.
ct the Baltimore Convention which gJ
mated Polk aud Dallas, uud ~ nhjl-
famous resolutions were adopted 81 ADJ.
so much has been said, and 70 cattanf
tolhe doctrines Of one ol which Mr. l'.
pfolesscd to consider himself pledge
give the casting vote 20 favor OF tf6g p.
ish tariff Ia tariff ~ which Scnala' I-A
efon trrly said Ii tho bill ha5 Vs.
usawn by British statesman u cool. z
have Disseminated more 10 favor o. y"
isb workmen "a tariff Of which S's'.'
Niles declared m his place 0ol one'a.
Of the Senators approvod'-a tariff 'a''
Senator Benton brands as conlfaaeo
lncomprchensble, grossly defective y
fraudulent Aud 80! ach q tata 'ol
dlsParaged by ~-~5'ed for t-'a
cooicssedly cmI9 and impractlcab.s " .
details, and threatening in us 'tsl'' ".
most disastrous eoasrqucaces-it'' "a 20.
repudlnted and scofiei at by a ceH''O',.
bio number Of the very men Who y1."
some strange inlatualion, have nCycfbe'a
voted Tor lt-this odious and lnct'''
measure, which is to bankrupt tie 0"
ufy, 10 lead to a large national deb, 'o..
mnlsh the wages Of labor, TO derangc ~
currency, to check our manuiaciUros p'"
peu'y, to cripple commerce, and TO ",a
I've agrcullurc---ths nbomnDble m''''.
has been forced upon the country by H'''-
which even ts own friends dare not a'O''
and which they even shrink from c'"',
Iorl2lng And this is done, too, 10 Prev
dcd conformity with pledge said to n O' ~
been given IN the resolutions OF tfe pa.
more Convention, in the teeth Of the lac'D''
the President Of that Convention IS ~.
among the number Of it's active opponr',7
and uniting with his " Democratic nrE"
bofs Of Wyoming in the declaration 'D' ".
Polk aud DALLAS never would have u'''
nominated by that body had It been Pl's.s
med that they wore opposed to the n, ..
of'lsi2, against which that resolution II
icsscs TO have been lcyelIed The oUu',
OF party petfdy, Astounding as they w.
acts Of troachery and fraud, furnlsiioo'','
surprising this IN magnitude and enoF'"''
Richmond Wig.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
ANES HUFFMAN,
RICHARD PAkENllAM.
From tie National Intollgsncer, n August l,h.
AMERICAN HOME LEAGUE.

AMkkllAN HUME LEAb l r,
THIS vas on excellent suggestion, made
by Mr.. Stewart, OF Pennsylvania, in his el.
iecuyo speech Of Friday last, ~ reply TO
Messrs Bayy aud Payne. We hope the
people will carry II out. Iii. proposition
was, that the people meet aud form them
selves luto societies, and enter ii,o resoO.
lions as lhcy did IA the Revolution 10 ab.
stain from the use OF foreign and especial.
" Brush goods. lie excepted the free
artclc.of tea and collie furnished BY Bra.
I'll aud ilaytl, who consume more than
seven times as much American flour az
Great Britain and Ireland IL said they
consumed last year 263 geo barrels of our
-four, whilst Great Britain took bat 80 600
Since il vas tie declared purpose Of the
Secretary Of tie Treasury to force foreign
goods upon he country, and break up The
American supply, be, tof one, was deter
mined To resist il. The Secretary could
not lo,se hts foreign gapds upon hun, nor
upon the country. lie hoped tba, every
friend Of American industry would resolve
hcucefrth, TIA the destructive tariff bill
Jgsl passed was modified Or repeated, To
consume none hut American goods, 10 keep
ibcpr money 10 circulation al home, en-.
flchng thcr own manufacturers and me-.
chaulcs instead Of those Of foreign lands /;
AMI at the elections the question 10 be put
10 every candidate for office should De,
Are you IN faror Of protecting American
tHdwtry by a profeottre tariF'' and to
vote according to tho answer. This, and
nolhng else, he SAID, would redeem the
country from the curse Of this sessions To-.
gisIulon. lie denounced ia the most em.
phalic terms the disastrous consequence
Of Northern submission to Southern dlc,a.
ton. The frs, measure of the session was
to admit Texas into the Union. The con.
sequences were, first war, next a nation.
al debt Of perhaps ono or two hundred NIL.
lions Of dollars, and last, though not lens,
/ the passage Of this Infamous and dcslfuc.
ave tariff by tho votes Of the Senators
from Texas.
t 1t IS to be regretted that, owing to the
absence Of your Reporters, or some Other
cause, no part Of this admirable speech Of
an hour has been published. NJ.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14

at all likely, IN my opinion 10 be changed
may add, too, that have mol the least
reason to suppose it would be possible TO
obtain the extension of the 49th parallel to
the sea, SO as 10 give the Southern Cape Of
Nancouser's Island TO the United States.
Ii may not be amIss, before leaving tins
subject 10 call your attention TO The posi-.
ton Of the present Ministry. The success
Of their measures respecting the proposed
commercial relaNatlons Is quite certain,
and the Corn Bill having now finally pass.
ed the House Of Commons, may be expec
ted at no remote day 10 pass the Lords by
majority no less decisive. From that
time, however, the tie which has hitherto
kept the Wing party IN support Of SIR Ro.
bert Peel will be dissolved, aud the deter
mnation Of the Pfotectonlst party, who
suppose themselves 10 have been betrayed +,
10 drive han from office, has lost none OF
It's yigor or power. indeed, II is conf
dcnyy reported, IN quarters entitled TO
great respect, lha, they have even offered
10 The leader of The Wing party 10 select
lbs own lime, aud that when he 10 ready,
they viii be 10 less prepared 10 force MIN.
lslers 10 resign. have reason 10 know
that, al present, Ministers themselves be-
leye q change 70 be inevitable, and are
considering only tie mode and the time IN
which II Will most likely happen. Ii will
not be long, Aiter the success Of tue meas
uTes for the repeal Of Tho Corn Laws,
before opportunities enough lurthe accom-
4 pIlshmeut Of Ihis object viii occur. Tue
" Factory Bill, regulating the hours ui
labor, Viii ullurd one, 0nd most probably
that on which the change viii take place
With krualedge !ha, tie change, sUuuei
or later, must be unavoidable, and that the
J offer has been made 10 the probable heal
. Of Dew Ministry TO select his own time
may it not DC expected that, instead O
. waung quietly 10 allow tbs Wing leadcl
70 select the time u coming 10, the pre-
sent Minister uIl rather select bis owl
: TIME and mode Of gong out; and, with bl'
usual sagaclty, SO regulate his feutemen
| as 10 leave as few obstacles as possible &
. his restoration 10 power. llt that case,
+ is not very unlikely lie would prefer COIN,
out upon the " Factory Bill" before IA
king ground upon more important meas
/. ures and, Il 20, il v,ll not surprise nc
a witness the coming IN Of d uew ministry :
a the cad Of June, or earlier. With know
] ledge u the proposition now 10 be made,
]. am mol prepared 10 say that one more 81
: Jectonable might have been appreheadc
! from Wing Ministry unless, indeed u
: present government may be supposed TO
:, prepared to accept tie qualifications WIS
:. proposed by the President, vhlch il vi
i unwilling Al dfst 10 ctlrr Upon that 81
s position, It might be desirable Tat the N
{. dicauous should be offered before u
II coming IN of new Minister who, hndu
.. only the ocls Of bis predecessors, wliho
70 knosledge Of bis in,enions, nigh, 10,
c, SO ready to take the responsibility u ,
Is sonllng to q change.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
TIE sup-TREASrRY R1l.l.-

bis measure an innovation and a nov.
city IN our administrative svstem- once
already tried aud deliberately and sirnally
condemned and rcnouuced by the people
this offspring Of abslractlonism has pass.
ed the Senate, and s again to yex aud an.
noy the country. II ever measure was
demonstrated to be unnecessary and an.
wise, this Sub. Treasury scheme was sbown
to be 50 by the debate which has taken
place on tt. In the Senate, as well as pre-.
vlously in the House, tho arguments against
1t were so unansweraale that, in the form.
or body, the able gentlemen who favored
the bill did not attempt to answer them.
but the " Baltimore Con, eniion" had will.
cd i, and reason and experience and the
public convenience must yield. SO the
Government must yield. So the Govern
ment must set about building vaults and
IRON sales IN which to keep secure, and
Tree from bank contamination and risk. the
treasure Of the Government, its Treasury
notes. 1t IS about as wise step ms if a
man having a peek of corn to grind should
set about building mill for his own use.
Nat. ut.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
i9ih parallel of north latitude, remain free
and open TO both parties.
ARTiCIE9

i9ih parallel of north latitude, remain free
and open 10 both parties.
Article >.
From the point at which the 10Th par.
allel Of north latitude shall 10 found 10 IN
terscct tho great northern branch Of the
Columbia Tlyer, the navigation Of the said
branch shall be free aud open 10 the Hud.
sons Bay Company, and TO all British sub.
iects trading with the same, TO the polut
where the said branch meets the man
stream Of tho Columbia, and thence down
the said main stream 10 the ocean, with
free access into aud through the SAID rlNer
Or rivers, il being understood that oil the
usual portages along the line thus descflb'
ed, shall in like manner be FREQ and open.
In navigating the said river OF rivers,
British subjects, with their goods and pro.
duce, shall be treated on the same ioot,ng
as citizens Of tho tnted States 1t being
however, always understood that nothing
IN this article sbal be construed as proven.
ting, or intended TO prevent, the govern.
ment Of the United States from making
ans regulations respecting the navigation
Of the said rner or rivers, not Inconsistent
with the PRESENT. treaty"
ARTICLE 3
IL the future appropriations Of the terri.
tory south OF the i9lh parallel of north lat.
ltude, as prov ided IN the frs, article Of tbs
treaty, the possessory rights of The iiud.
sons BAY Company, and Of all British sub.
jects Who may be already n the occupation
81 land or other property lawfully acquired
wi,luu tie said territory shall be respected
Erlclg 1.
The farms, lands, aud other property o
every description Belonging TO he Puget
Sound Agricultural Company, on the narll
side nf The Columbus riyer, shall be con
frmed 10 the said Company. In case
however, the situation Of those farms an,
lands should be considered by the Unite,
States 10 be Of public and political mpor
mncc, and the lureI States Government
should signify desire 10 Obtain possess o.
OF the whole or OF envy p1r thereof, ID
properly 20 required shall Jo ttanslerre
10 the sad Government a. Q proper yalui
ton TO be agreed upon between The partlel
Asrirtg 5.
The present Treaty shall be ratified /
the President Of tho States by and VII
the advice ard consent OF The Senate thor
Of, and Is her Bf,annic MaJesly and il
ranhcanons shall BIO exchanged at Lonjc
= a. The expiration Of SIX months from 4
date hereof or sooner Il possible.
In witness whereof the respective Pie
lpoieniare. base signod the same -
haye affixed thereto the seals Of their arr
y Done at Washington, the l5h day
y June, N the year Of our Lord l-i6,
e JAMES BUCHANAN,
: RICHARD pAkENHAM.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
tracts from a despstch Of that Minister 10
the Secretary Of State, bearing date the
lssh May last.
JAMES X. POLK.
WASHINGTON, June 10, ls46.
PROTOCOL

4 conference vas held at the Depart
ment o. Safe on The t,h Of June, lei6, be.
tween The honorable lanes Buchanan, Sec
Rotary Of Sule, the American PlenlpoIen-
iiary, and right Hon. Richard Pakenhau,
the British P.enlpo,enliary, when the nego.
tialion respecting the Oregon Territory was
resumed The Brush Pieuipoten,iary made
q verbal explanation Of the motives which
had induced her MaJes,y's government TO
instruct hlm 10 make another proposition to
The Government Of the Uulted States for
The solution Of these long existing difficult.
ties. The Secretary Of State expressed his
satisfaction with the friendly motives which
had animated the British Government 10
this endeavor,
Whereupon the British Pleuipotentisry
Submitted 10 the Secretary Of State the
draughi Of a Convention marked \. set
ling forth the lerus which he had been IN.
s,ructed to propose 10 the Government Of
the United States for the settlement OF the
OREGON question.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
To ma SENATE op rns L. SrA7Gs;


Ia accordance with the resolution Of tho
Senate Of the l2th all. that +" the ?fcsi.
dent Of the I States be and : hereby nd
ysed 10 accept the proposal of the British
Government, accompanying tbs message to
the Senate, dlled 10Th June, ] is, for a
Convention 10 settle boundaries, &c. be.
tween the t. States and Great Britain
west OF the Rocky or stony Mountains, a
Convention was concluded and signed on
The 18Th ulf, by the Secretary Of State on
the par, Of tie {. States, and the Envoy
Extraordinary aud Minister Plcnpa,enla.
ny Of her Bulanuc Majesty, on Vie part Of
Great Britain.
THIS Convention now 10y before the
Senate for their consideration, wHha view
to it, ratification.
JANES X POLK.
Washington, jane lGth l-l6,
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
AMERICAN PROVISIONS.

Since the % inslan, the demand for VI
has been 90 the most limited scale, ara IN
ces have further given way TIE DEE g
il greater, however, on middiinr sad tst
qualities. Holders Of really fine qva
continue firm For pork there hr, ass,
but a few sales. The Bdtcc of lowe n
ccs by Inc Cambria tend 10 dopfes. 'a
market here Further arrivals Of s'
cheese Of indifferent quality have men
fair sale. \ really fine article would caa
maud high pf,ee. Tie market % ~
clear of lard, and prices have advanced &
TO L.. per cHt. At The present maisnH
rates there IS p great consumption %
article. Race Continues 10 good 3gr-s
ard the sales are coo bags Beaga' &
-. 81. lor good Ahltc, broken, -al %.
Oh. lyr very good white
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
tcOyFIBENrIALl

CoSEsrIos agrwgES rua e. >r,rgg W AuvRi-
ca tyn MA MUEstY fng Qufgy oy TITS UNr
rEp ksGuou or GHEAr BasruN Avp IzrlASu
cosrLcpEp AZ WAsHtSaros gas 18TH OH JgSr.
leIG
June 10, lsi6--ReaI a frs, time.
June II, lG-Read a second Time and
ordered to be Ptluted IN confidence for the
use of the Senate.
the United States of America and her
Majesty the Queen Of the United k,ng.
dom OF Great Britain and Ireland, deem.
lns 1t to be desirable, for the future vel.
iate Of both countries, that the state of
doubt and uncertainty which has hitherto
PIegalIcd respecting the sovereignty uud
government Of the territory On the North
West Coast Of America, lying westward Of
the Rocky or Slpny Mountains, should be
ilnally terminated by az amicable compro.
mise Of the rights mutually asserted by the
tw" FafItes over sad territory, have re.
spectNeIy named PIenipoteuliaIies 70 treat
aud agree concerning the terms Of such
settlement that Is to say, the President Of
the United States of America, has on his
parI furnished with fall powers James
buchanan, Secretary Of State of the Uni.
ted States, and her Majesty, the Queen Of
the United Kingdom Of Great Britain aud
Ireland, has on her part appointed the
Right Honorable Richard Pakenham, a
member Of her MaJcsty's most honorable
PrIsy Council, md her MaJesty's Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister PIeuipotenra.
ry to the United States, who, after having
communicated to each other their respec
tive full powers, formed in good and due
form, have agreed upon and concluded the
following nrIlcleai
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14

" From the point on the 10Th parallel Of
north latitude, where the boundary land
down IN existing treaties and conventions
between Great Britain and the &. States
terminates, The line of boundary between
The territories Of her Britannia Majesty
and those Of the United States shall be
continued westward along the 40th parallel
OF north latitude to tho middle Of the chan.
mel which separates the continent from
Nancouyer's Island, and thence souiherly
through the middle Of the said channel
and OF Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean
provided, however, that the navigation Of
the said channeI unJ straits south Of the
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
AMERIcAN FLoUR. - y

.910 barrels o( American flour have .a,s
week been laker Is tho Grand JoaUtou
Railway from Liverpool 10 Preston sal
tie company have commissions Is sls
considerable quantities more. Last attt
nbou, 900 barrels were sen, by fa.sr
Very superior American iloIr y aou t--s
retaIleI IA that town, lbs. 10 b, ira
shilling. The cry Of all tie shop krcen
IS ,hal nothing Nill sell like bsrtelied b-t
Immense quantities Of flour are piled s....
the streets every day. Thousands g. .a'
rels have bern purchased BY The cotaaa.
efs IN the course of The week. Every +
king day IS now the celebration o. Z.
blessings Of free trade. The gram q Z
10 Eagland look we'll
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
FOREIGN NEWS.
LATE FROM EUROPE.

The steamer Hibernii arrived at r..
ton on Monday morning, from Liyerno,l
whence she sailed On the 10Th ultmo.
We learn from the Teegraphic 10.
patches ~ the New York papers ,hst n.
brings to the United States the Oreoa,
Treaty, ratified by the British Go,t,a
meni, under the seal Of the new io,e;o,
minister, Lord Palmerslon. This imno,
tan, document was signed on the l7tb +,
his LordshIp and Mr.. McLane, the Am.i
lean Minister.
The new Ministry had got fairly il
work, and the business Of the country ~.
again 10 state of progression. IL ever,
quarter disposition existed 10 give n.
new appointments fair trial.
The affairs Of this session Of Parliament
we're expected to be wound up by the mid
die Of August
The great movement TO reimburse NJ,
Gordon for the loss of health and meme,
was progressing, aud there seemed ever,
chance that the hundred thousand pound.
fixed upon as the maximum Of the amol.l
to be given 10 him would be raised.
/ Efforts viii Be made 10 raise a spetll
monument 10 Sir Robert Peel, by me,,.
Of penny subscriptions throughout tlc Ban.
ISL Empire, as an expression u ,he a.
tlou's gratitude.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-08-14
TIE MARKETS.

COTTON.-Ihe manufacturing IA.
trcls are busy, md confidence prevails
The season conduces oil hat We could a..
sire. The cotton market Is firm. ".
good steady business, and Prices have a.,
upward tendency. The la'er arrival. fltp
the United States show that the ls.i er,
viii no, exceed 100 goo bales, and if.
The prospects Of the crop Tor the prese..
year, owing 10 the laiencss Of the sprs,,
are 20, particularly promising.
The sales IL Liverpool for the Wsea chi
ing the 18th Jolly we're sc, 80 bales. S.a
Island .ell on a half penny. Oh he l-,a
there vas fair demand, bul 10 char 70 "a
prices.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-11-27

this case, they should not be piled more
than or deep. Ii piled together III too
large heaps, they gather moisture aud rot
rapidly. When frozen they may be pre-.
served long time, but they should be cook
ed before giving them TO the stock, other.
wise they may do them great injury. Oa
the whole, we prefer feeding our pumpkins
as fast as possible after rlpening, aud before
the cold weather sets in. They are Of
cold ~ately nature, aud unless cooked, We
doub, whether they are near as beneficial
10 aapmals in frosty weather, as they are IL
milder, or indeed any kind Of fruit or root,
though stock Of good breed usually do
well upon them.
The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1846-11-27
KEEPING PrMPKINS-

Pumpkins Tor stock, are best kept III
dry loft, w,th the floor quite open, 50 as 10
allow ar to chocolate as freely as possible
between them. Were it not that they take
SO much room, We should prefer storing
them ia single tIer-but usually, for wan;
OF this, When a large crop Is to be secured,
they GusI be piled upon each o!Aef IL