The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1846-03-05

sloner OF Patents by Charles fleischmann, esq.
late OF the Patent Office, now travelling in Europe
They are extracted from letters dated "Venna, Aus
! uia, Jan, is. 1916"
AUSTRIAN COTTON MANUFACTURES, sc
The manufacture Of cotton goods, although la
boring under great many disad yantages in REGARD
% perfect machinery and a less experienced ant
skfnl working class, has developed itself since tn,
beginning OF this century In Of the most impor
tant branches Of Austrian industry.
In the year 1901 Baron Kobliesky introduced
into Austria the first English eotton-spinning ma
chimes, and established the first cotton factories
which have since increased to ITS, with 300, 00(
| sPlndles. Some Of these factories are exten
sise as, for instance, that at Pattendorf which hai
| 1000, and that of Truman 30 900 spindles pro
dueing yarn above the No. 100.
| Within fifteen years the importation Of raw cot
ton has increased fve-fold-yizi in the year 1928, il
amounted TO 5000 cwL; in the year 1881, it wa,
already double in 1885, it reached DOT 1856; in 1887
223 SIS; IN l640 ,694 in l64l, 24S l2li and IN
l642, 32l ,377 cwt.
In the year 1884, the government reduced the i'm
port duty from forms 80 kreutzers to | form AZ
kreutzers per ewt., IN order to encourage this I'M
portsnt branch.
The sboye-stated numbers Of spindes produce
yearly 2l4,996 cwt. Of yarn and thread Of the fol
lowing numbers from | 10 80, l2,6l3,074; Of 81 TO
|
i 7,4lO; and thread, 262. 4I0; in ALL II ,4S9 6l9.
In tho early stage of the development Of this
branch Of industry, the importation OF yarn TO No.
50 was entirely prohibited, but afterwards admitted
under duty from 80 to 81 aorins, according to the
degree OF hneness Of the article in the year 1893 Il
was fsdueed to ~ forms. and in Mach, ls45, 70 10
horins, or about IS per cwt. ~
This reduced duty increased the importation Of
hne yarns, IN which Austria cannot compete with
England. In 1881, it was only 6,773; in 1893, TO-
&c. in 1888, 81, 1866; and in l642, 81, All cwt
| Austria imports three different kinds of cotton
the Macedonian, Egyptian, and American The
Macedonian is used for the most common yarn or
the numbers from to 10; the American for the
numbers from ~ to 30; for the fine numbers from
80 to co. partly American and partly Egyptian; and
for the numbers above 60, the best Egyptian.
The average price Of the different kinds of cotton
stood, in lS4l-Maeedsnian, 80 forms Egyptian,
45 horins; and American, 37i forms per cwt
The price Of Egyptian or Maco cotton has, since
1884, diminished in price, aHd in 1874 it could be
bought for u forms per cwti the middle quality OF
American fell in the same period from 81 forms
Is forms per cwt
| The Egyptian cotton Is of great importance 10
Austria. In the first place. It is of superior qudiity
and can be used for the finest numbers and second
| y, It employs its vessels in commerce with Egypt
for the transportation.
The whole amount Of imported cotton can be es-
tmated at one-eighth Macedonian, two-eighths
Egyptian, and fve-eighths Amercan-computed at
a value of $3.50 900 Aorins.
When TO this sum for raw cotton the expense OF
manufacturing into yarn is added-amounting to
PA 1876 cwt, valued at $3.50, 900 horins-the value
Of yarn produced in the Austrian manufactures
amounts to Is, 100, 900 forms.
The low rate Of labor has prevented the general
introduction Of power-looms Most of the yarn is
woven into different goods by hand; and, according
TO the Official statements there are turned out 800
| AT yalu n
Great as the increase of manufactured cotton
goods appears within twenty years, there is yet
room for far greater extension. The yearly con-
sumption OF cotton goods amounts to 2l6 900 cwt.,
of a population of $4,000 900, or ID, or yards
per head; which is considerably less when compared
with the countries Of the German league where il
amounts TO 2 lbs per head.
The extensive production Of English cotton yarn
stands TO that of Austria TO 10 to that of France
as to 4; and to those of the German league az to
3. The importation of cotton yarn into Austria,
| which amounts to AZ 1897 cwt, was in the German
league three times greater; in France, very small.
AUSTRIAN LINEN MANUFACTURES, &c.
This branch of Austrian national industry is the
oldest and Of the most important; but since
Ginning in the sanas ratio as the cotson manufac-
lures increase; il still, however, furnishes greater
number Of pieces Of various kinds, we'll all the
other branches of similar nature.
1t is highly important for Austria that this branch
| of industry should rise again to its former impor-
lance, as it produces the raw material within its
own territories, and especially in those regions
| where corn is an uncertain crop, and whereby the
population obtains the means Of procuring food and
employment during the long winter season.
The yearly average crop is computed, according
to official data, to amount to 500 900 cwt. of fax
and 1000, 900 cwt. Of hemp.
I The best flax is raised in Bohemia, Moravia, and
Silesla but Its quality is not equal to that of Bel
GUM. The farmer has not the proper knowledge
of its culture, and less of the necessary manpua-
ton in its preparation for the use of the spinner
The fax is generally prepared by dew-rot; and, from
the following statement, the difference of quality be-
tween Austrian and Belgian fax water rottcd) car
be appreciated: cwt. OF Austrian flax, when pre-
pared, yields 20 lbs Of refuse, so lbs. of tow and
only 80 lbs. Of flax; whereas Belgian flax gives
per cent. refuse 20 per cent. Of tow, and IS pei
cent. of fax.
The yarn is almost all spun by hand Austria has
only 8 fax-spinnng factories which have been in
operation since 1885, and employ 10000 spindles
England has now 100000 spindlcs France, &c, 900
Belgium co. 900; the countries in the German league
10000.
! Flax spinning, by means of machinery, has been
brought in Englasd-like all other mechanical con-
trvances-to great perfection and from thence
Austria has procured her machines. The amount
Of capital required for such factory is nearly eight
times higher than for cotton factory, on account
of the complicated machines required for spinning
l flax.
A spindle is estimated at 80 to 100 forms, inclu
sive Of building and other necessary apparatus; a
cotton factory at IL forms.
Weaving is also generally done by hand The
number Of looms engaged in this branch amount tc
100000, which occupy 500 900 weavcrs during the
greater part Of the year, about II spnners are ne.
cessary to supply loom with yarn, which occu.
pies about 81 millions of persons in the linen bust
ness or onc-tenth of the whole population.
| The aboye-stated number of looms prndnce yoor
ly 4,600 900 pieces of linen, of 30 ella (yards) each
valued at 27,000,000 forms
The following table shows the import and export
of flax and linen in the year 1871:
/ Imported Exported
I FLAX lSo66 cwt, %, cwt
Yarn l0gO2 57Ol
! Thread 200 1876
Fine linen Lag
| Coarse linen S3s lqOI2
Various other linen goods, 1855 80 800
When the above table is compared with those o.
former years, it shows a great increase in the i'm.
portaon of warm which arises from the premier ner.