The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1846-09-28

the pilgrims are noble, royal, imperial but the
latter shameful demonstrations are merely made
TOR effect or rather for deceit the principle is, the
lower classes must be kept down, and the most eff
fectual means to do so is to encourage ignorance
and superstition, and occasional examples among
the rulers are found to be exceedingly influential
In short the whole system is infamous in the
trsme, and most dsgraceful to nation that pre-
tends to take its rank among those thatlay claim
to civilization.
A journey of some weeks throughout Syria
and Carnthia, has convinced me that there is
blight these unfortunate countries. Nature
has provided them with her richie hus, but the
character sln Of the people renders tmpossi-
fecty averse to the introduction Of ming that is
new and fatigue themselves with old modes of per-
forming labor which other countries have forgot
ten. The greatest benefactor of Syria, one who
is doing more than any other man to awaken it
from its stupor, is the archduke John, and uncle
Of the present Emperor OF Austria. Instead of
revealing in the Injuries of court life in the cap
tai nearly all his time is spent in various parts Of
Syria, where he has large estates, on which he
has introduced all the acknowledged improve
meuts of the day. Among other things he intro
although onlv by making the most determ med ef
forts. The Styrians thought it best to let well
enough alone, and were not at all inclined TO med
die with vegetable of which they were entirely
ignorant; the archduke raised some to show
them, but still the potatoe was nothing of inhpeE
lance, and il was not until rewards were offered
to them that they consented to cultivate the pota-
toe which, thanks TO its high-born defender, now
enjoys considerable degree of popularity among
the stubborn Styrians.
LSThe archduke has broken the trammels of roy
atty, and much to the dissatisfaction of the impe
rial family, took to himself wife from among the
plebian damsels Of Syria. The fair one was the
daughter OF a village postmaster, and was f1rst
met by her noble sutton while on mountain ex-
petition in search of the channels her charms
were all-powerful, and the princely families Of
Europe were disdained for the modest maiden of
the village. The union has proved truly happy
one.
Syria is one of the richest countries in the
world its beds Of iron ore are in exhaustibe, and
the treasures are frequently on the very surface
of the earth. The most celebrated spot in Syria
for the manufacture of iron, is a village named
Iron Ore," Of about two thousand inhabitants,
all composed of miners and their families. Their
fortune consists of the "Ore mountain" at the
base of which they reside. This mountain is five
miles in circumference at the base, and more
than $500 feet in height; it IS one solid mass OF
iron ore, and accessible that no shafts re-
quired to work it. the ore being taken from the
very surface. Twenty immense furnaces, in
of the mountain, and the ore is conveyed to them
by a railroad from the summit In the archives
of the administration of the mines, are still to be
fonnd documents which prove that these beds OF
ore were worked by the Romans, particularly in
the time of Julius CAESAR The openings of vari-
Gus pits are shown to the vister as those which
were made by the Romans, and their weather
beaten appearance does not belle their preten-
ancents are now used for the conveyance
of ore, 1t being thrown down, and then conveyed
along horizontal galleries to the smelling furna-
ces. About $40 900 cwt. OF iron are produced an
nually, and all branches Of the manufacture are
supposed to employ about 1000 iDdvduas.-
Three-fifths of the +" ore mountain" are owned by
the Austrian government, and the remaining two
hfths by private individuals the after, however,
are not allowed to work their furnaces more than
eight months in the year, a circumstance which
gives the government an immense advantage over
private competitors, as the furnaces of the former
onlv stop for repairs With the Austrian go
vernment the right of trade is always the rigilt
of the strongest il permits private individ-
uals to enter the arena, as it frequently excludes
them entirely and drives a complete monopoly =
The mining business, although not exclusively, IL
ment, and subject TO special and extensive code
of mining laws, which, OF course, are not unfsvor.
able to their makers. The most celebrated mi.
ming school in Europe belongs to the government
of Austria, and is situated in Hungary, where op
portunity is afforded for a course Of practical in
stuction of four years. Its pupils become Off
Gers of the government mines, with low, but sure
salaries, and pensions on becoming disabled
Syrian iron 10 in demand all parts Of the con-
tinent on account of its quality; and although the
annual produce is very great, the demand rs not
lowed up by railroads and the manufacture OF
machinery many Of these innovations OF the pre-
scnt day having taken the continent by surpIiser
They are, therefore, not unfrequenty desu.u.e Oh
means of securing to themselves the advantages
which they possess, simply because they are I'M
able to turn the raw material INTO mnxe,aoie
article as fast as IL - consumed w. AS''
Personal Intelligence.
- p..-A.~a M, tia asth inst several disting utt~ Il