Sunbury American and Shamokin journal. [volume] (Sunbury, Northumberland Co., Pa.) 1840-1848, 1845-12-20

now safely assert that thereis no such river
Vancouver, in April, 1892, explored the same
coast His own journal proves that he failed to
discover the river. He even disbelievei Cap.
tain Gray's discovery. Gray gave copy OF his
chart to Nadia at Nootka Sound, and OH Van.
covers arrival at Nadia gave him copy. Van.
couver guided by the chart, entered the Coum.
bia Oct. 20, 1902. The attempt to prove that
Captain Gray sailed in private, not a United
States vessel, shows the strength of our claims.
Mr.. Calhoun then proceeds to consider the
discoveries of the Columbia's branches by Lew
is and Clark, long before any British subject vi
the discovery of the mouth and head waters Of
Columbia river.
He next describes the question of settlement
by our citizens oflSO9, 10 and IL. The ia.
king possession by the British during the war,
restoration after peace.
He then proceeds, ave have added TO our
claims those OF France and Spain by the Treaty
of Louisiana and the Treaty of Florida. The
cession of Louisiana gave an undlsputed title TO
the summit Of the Rocky Mountains and by
Continuity TO the Pacific, founded on the Trea-
ty OF 1863.
He then dwells on the argument of Coniinu
its, instancing the contest between Great Brit
ain and France which was terminated by the
Treaty NJ 1853, The fact ths, Great Britain
claimed this continuity for her colonies (now
the United S,,,es) forecloses her contcstng
this principle against us.
He then examines the treaty Of l163, which
fixes the Mississippi as the boundary between
Great Britain and France, eX,inguishing the
claims o! Great Britain West o, that boundary.
The right OF continuity was transferred to us by
France in the Treaty of Louisiana. France
held this right by the extinguishment of Great
Britain's claim by Treaty of 1863.
He then proceeds to defend our claims on the
discoveries of Spain which we have acquired.
In place ofconflicting with each other they ma
turally Slend together forming a strong chain Of
title against all opposing claims.
lie then takes up the restoration of Astoria,
and quotes the admission of Lord Castlereagh
to MIR. Rush, admitting our ample right to be
reinsIated, and our right to possession while
treating of title-Our claim, have since been
strengthened, by increase of our population by
emigration. He concludes BY stating that the
same cause which peopled the valley Of the
Mississippi will yet cause emigration across the
Rocky Mountains, and that the whole region
drained by the Columbia is destined to be peo.
Piled by us. Mr.. Calhoun closes his able paper
by stating that he refrains "from presenting the
claims which the u. S. may have to other por'
tons of the territory" than those drained by the
Columbia River and by renewing assurances
of high consideration, &c. &c.
Sept 10, 1916, Mr.. Packenham writes to Mr.
Calhoun in reply to the above. That he has nc
evidence that Louisiana extended West to the
Pacific, but tha, the Rocky Mountains was the
| Western boundary, for which opinion he quotes
Mr. Jefferson Even if the boundary did not
extend Westward of the Rocky Mountains, that
| 4 W III i'O~s niiu opdhi
to England by treaty between Great Britain aud
Spain in l196, which abrogated the claims Of
Spain.
! lIe denies that the claim ofcontinuity can eff.
feet the claim o: right He acknowledges that
Spain. in 1910, transferred her rights North OF
AZ degrees, but that did not invalidate her for
| ,,,a. ooncass;ons 4, Ion
| In regard TO the discoveries of Heceta and
Gray they conflict, and it ieceta's claim be
good it favors Great Braitan owing to the trea.
ty Of 1890.
| The United States had no claims when they
became nation. Those OF France were worth
nothing. lie urges the commercial intercourse
of Great Brita n with the Northwest coast, the
voyages of Cook and Mears, the survey of the
coast by Vancouver, which makes Great Brit
aims claims To discovery and exploration very
strong. He sets the accuracy and authenticity
OF Cook and Vancouver's survey against the dis
covery of the mouth of the Columbia by Capt.
Gray. OF the exploration of Lewis and Clark
! Hc suNs liiht ShuJfCt, NIp>-
sed the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific in 1913,
and discovered the upper waters Frazer's Ri
yer, near lat. 40 deg, aud puts this against Lew
| is and Clark's.
He meets the authority Of Lord Castlereugh
by the despatch OF Lord Castlereagh himself to
the British Minister at Washington, when gi.
wing up Astoria, claiming the whole territory.
| Great Britain and the United States are in
joint occupancy one cannot divest the other