Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1845-01-03

II q
ture TO set the power u law ard Government Ct
defiance BIZ, as / stock in which he has share,
and which b. 5 interested, therefore, 10 protect.
| Now know that the reverse OF all this Is true,
of The thousands of journeymen manufacturers,
in the great establishments OF Europe.
"They have no stake in society; they hang
loose upon il, and are often neither happy in
their own condition, nor without danger TO the
State. Mr. W. stated that lie had lately COM
pared the returns of the number OF persons com.
niucd 10 Jail, in the several counties OF England
for crime or debt, for thirteen years, viz: from
1904 10 1917, with the proportion Of agricultural
and manufacturing population in those counties
respectively. The result was what ne should
have expected except that it was much more
striking. In the most agricultural counties, the
number committed to Jail was one in 10000
In the most manufacturing, one in less than 1000;
| proportion OF twenty 10 one in favor OF agricul-
lura employmenls on the moral habits, or on
the means OF subsistence ofindividuals.
at was well known, that the English armies
had been principally recruited from the manutac-
turing population. II had been stated, he believed,
that, during the late war, the city Of Glasgow
had furnished as many recruits all the rest OF
Scotland This facility OF finding recruits might
be convenient 10 Government but il was hardly
an indication Of individual happiness and indie
pendence. In short, MIR. w. said, he would put
il lG any man who possessed the blessing of chill
dren, whether he would not hope rather that they
would be reehollers, though they should till their
own soil with their own hand, with the reasona-
bic prospect OF responsibility and independence,
although this freehold were to be beyond the yell
low Stone or beyond the Stony Mountains, than
that they should go through life as journeymen
manufacturers taking the chance of the igno-
rance and the vice, the prohigacy, and the po-
! IF III, aIt in tho
best mandatory in the richest city in the world
at was no recommendation TO him, that the
| larger factories gave employment to women and
children. He thought it a kind OF employment
not suited 10 the one or the other; and he OBJ
served thar, in England, Parliament had lately
been obliged 10 Interfere 10 prevent the cruel
and excessive yer-working of children in these
establishments. He was happy most happy, 10
know, that, with US, all possible care had been
taken in regard 10 The moral habits OF the persons
employed especially in the excellent establish
merits in our ncighhorhood, with which he was
acquainted Bul it must he remembered, that The
system was bnl Just now begun. Those who
come for employment must come with excellent
habits, already formed under The care Of their pa
rents, in The farm houses OF New England. Thus
far, all IS we'll But let us not deceive ourselves
Some situations are favorable to moral habits and
others uniavorahlc, and aEcnS the last are some
| of such powerful tendency as no care has bacn
able to resist. He would not but believe that
The respectable young men Of the country wouli
choose hereafter 10 look for companions for lie
rather in domestic fanies-rather among those
! who arc the companions OF their mothers. the
guardians OF their yorng brothers and sisters.
educated in lie family society, and with family
affections, than 10 20 for their choice 10 the crowd
| ed Weav;ns-!oom al a factory. in an atmosphere
of cotton and oil and amidst the din OF sPools and
spinGles He knew that he was speaking upon
what might be thought the remote effect OF these
great establishments. YET not SO remote, perhaps,
as We may imagine. lflhe system be established,
and adhered TO- which, he could not believe until
he should SEE il, the effects will not be tardy in
in their arrival Two generations in hisopinion,
would change the whole face Of New England So
cicty. He persuaded himself however, that the
proposed change was impTaclicabe. Our very
state and condition waIned against it. Our bes!
interests, he believed, were opposed 10 il. and OF
:, !! public measures it was among The very las. 10
which he should give his appreciation. lie te-
lcyed The encouragement already given TO manu-
lectures would enable them 10 extend themselves
ds FAR rs The general ocoG required. The question
was constantly askeu-"will you do nothing for
The manufacturers" But this, he thought, an
unfair mode Cf sl'ti:s the question:; much Is al
reany done Tor the manufacturers The duties,
as her now stand afford srcat protection, and, III
Some cases, extraordinary bounties, TO orr ma
nufac:urers Ii was thought that complete salts
faction had been given at the time, by the law
4 1916; which had been again altered, most ma
leray in favor OF the manufacturers OF woollcn
and cotton cloth. BY that Jaw the duties on these
articles was put at twenty-five per cent, after
three years BY subsequent act however, this
was altered, and thc duty KEEP: at the highest rae
On woollcn cloth there is new paid duty. of
:wer:y five nc cent. Oh their original val1e
| which with the usual addition, amounts 10 twVn-
ty seven Per cent.
"On cotton cloths, although the nominal rate
per cent. is the same, the euy IS IN elect much
| higher. 1t is twenty-five per cent. Oh the first
cost but then tie first cost is 10 be deemed always
to be al least TWENTY-FIVE cents a square yard;
whereas, in fact, oil the cotton cloths from India
best suited 10 our CONSUMPTION, and Tor which,
| c.nsequ. nllr, there is most demand IN our mar
ket The original price ordinarily does not exceed
seven and half cents per yard. Here then is a
| duty Of six and quarter cents on yard ol
clcih which costs but seven and half that is 10
say. tie duty is near ciefinfarce PR ccHfnni on
the cost OF the arlcle-and this, the importer says,
in addition to the cost OF Importation. This Is 50
much bounty 10 The home manufacturers; ard
yet in the face of this known fact, we are asked II
ire lriR do nothing far our omn cotton mdnufaetn-
| rcys; aud it is now proposed 10 raise the bounty
| from cighty-threc per cent 10 one hundred ana
| lhirtv-hree per cent. Iron is another article on
which there has been constant effort TO raise The
duty 1t is an article OF very general consump-
ton, in most Of the occupations in life The cost
of importation itself is generally nearly equal to
the original cost. BY the law of 1910 The duty
was fixed al nine dollars per ton. II has been
since raised 10 fifteen; and it is now proposed 10
raise it 10 twenty FIVE
tTI. ~: .hn1o al a
BILE encouragement had been already given 10
manufactures and especially 10 the manufactures
Of CLOTH He had the pleasure OF seeing gentle
men present, not from one only butt several
Of the factories in this ncighborhood II their bti
sine.s were ruinous as some OF the manuactu-
rers had elsewhere pretended he hoped they would
state it. He would be quite willing 10 leave il tc
those gentlemen themselves, 10 saw whether will
the present protection, the best conducted manu-
featuring establishments did not yield as fair pro
fits on ca pita as other branches OF busineSs!-
He exceedingly doubled whether they would be
willing TO come into an average, 10 divide theil
present Profits with the asricullurst and the mer
chant. He believed, indeed, that the persons con
nected with the establishments TO which ne allu
died. had no, pe,ioncd Congress for new dulles.
He believed TIA, others would have been wise tt
have followed he same course. That which !,
most desired on these subjects, is steadlneSs ano
permanently. lie hoped the present duties would
stand without increase or diminuon; that Con
sress would ;dhcrc TO villa, il had already estab
ished: and that both The Government and the
country would resist all attempts 10 make new
frequent and great changes, in The value oil pro
perry, in the occupation and pursuits OF men, ant
in the means of living"
The following resolutions were offered by Da
MEL Webster, and were adopted BY the inhabi
tanis as expressive Of their views on the sublec
of projection" TO manufactures:
'Resc'red Tha. VIZ have regarded, with plea
sure, The establishment and success of manutac
lures among us, and consider their growth, wher
natural and spontaneous, and not The cgect II Z
system 81 boan,'es and protection, as an evidence
general wealth and prosperity.
"Reso,red That relying on the ingenuity, enter
prise, and skill Of our frllow-citzens, We be!iev,
l.