Mobile register and journal., 1845-01-30

This k To transfer tO the British Government the of flee and responsibility of paving duties, which in- wolves muth oI regulation and of farm in the prose- cut,on ni trade which experience has already shown 10 be inc0nvenien tu the subjects as well ihe Gov. crnnent Oi Great Britain. All this is avoided in the treaty oi Wang Hsa, by making the duties payable m cash, which IS perfectly acceptable to lhe nrr chant, aud m accordance with the course of business in China.
 3rd- New provision is made in the amplesl man ncr Tor lhe trade lrum port tn port, in China
 ship, which having touched Al Canton, has here paid tonnage duties, and discharged part of her cargo, may proceed wlih tie residue tn any other port m China without being subject to the payment o tonnage duty second time; and goods which have been landed, and paid duty at one of the ports of China, may, al any time, be re exported to any oh. CT port in China, without being subject to any fur ther duly. This latter provision is equivalent to warehousing system for all the coast of Chna.
 4th. Due provision is made for the recognition and personal dignity Snd security of consuls or any other officers whom the Government of the United States may fiji 10 appoint for the superInte Ol our trade in China.
 5h In regard to Ihe pay ment of duties, sarit Us prov visions inserted for the convenience of our commerce, with respect To the mode Of payment and among others, that merchandise may be landed from tune to time, may he convenient, duty being maid on the articles ouly when they landed and that vessels may, within limited time. depart, if they please, without hreaking bulk.
 9th. Citizens of the United States are to have all accommodation al eac of inc five ports, not only as heretonre in the of dwe ling ho,Ises aud magazines, but also u churches, ies and hos. piia Is.
 IIh. Precision made for the employ ynent by Americans, ot Fersops tO te'ch the language of the empire; and the purchase ol books is egalxed: il having been Ihe custom heretofore for the Chinese Government to persecute and upuress src of iis srb jrcs as either gave instruction or sold bnoks io for eigners in China: which cii cuiiS lance has been great obstacle To he study ol the languages of China and the acquisition of the of siactory inter- course with its Go,ernment.
 Sth. All Americans in China are to be deemed subject only to ihc jurisdiction of their own Gnvern- men, bath in criminal matters and in questions of civil right.
 shall have occaSiAn hereafter to enter into the SC subjects suneuh hat im detail, and o suggest to the Preside nt the expedIency of recommending to con- gress Il enactment of laws in Ihs relation, appra. bic not only To Americans in China, but in Turkey and elsewhere in AsIn, where Americans Gin com mon wi h EuropeansD are in like manner exempt from ,he jurisdiction of The local Go, ernmeni.
 9th Citizens of the United States m China, and ev'ry thing apleraning to ihen, are Iaced under the special protection of the Chinese Government, which engages To defend them from all insult or in- jury.
 If the Chinese authorities neglect their duty in ths respect, they ol become respons ble for all consd quences complaint being mads 10 the G"vern"ent ol inc United States
 In part execution of this and other corresponding provisions oi the treaty. particular arrangements m tram for the further security of citizens ol the Uni ted States residing in Canton, of which report i'll be made to you in dur time.
 10th The vessels oi the unlted States ai e 10 me and go freely b"t"een the ports of China. and h se oi any other country with which China may hap en to be al war, m full security, only for the snip but for all descriptions of mercluniise tle nrutray ot cur flag and every thing il covers, being especially guaranteed.
 Huh. Provision is made for the protection and re.
 ei oi vessels s,anded on he coast of China or d. l. ven by any sort of ris major into whaiever port oi China and also for the restitution of property talk by pnates in the of bina. l2th. Equalii, in correspondence between civil or military and naval officers of the United States and those oI China is stipulated. also the observance of all courtesy and respect in the correspondence bs. iweea individual citizens of lhe United States and officers of the Chinese Government.
 18th. No presents are to be demanded of either Government by the other.
 The usage among Asiatic States of giving and re ceiving presents has been the source of great ncon venience 10 the United States in those cases ever where Il has been ter oi courtesy. But as the receipt of presents by the Chinese Govern nent has always hitherto been assumed by the latter as an act o tribute the part Oi the Governmen n making such presents, u seemed To be still more de- sirdbe to abolish the practice ut once by provsio, of the treaty.
 l4ih. Shlps of war of the United States and the, commanders at all times to be courteously re ceINed m the ports of China
 It seemed To me that such a provision would SC cure to our ships Of all such access the ports nt China as may be needul, either for their own re iei or for the protection of line merchant ships anC citizens Of the United States; while it would be in convenient to go so far as he English have done and engage to keep ship of war al all times in eacl of the live ports of China.
 10th. Heretofore, no Government (except Rus sia) has held direct communication with the Cour oi China. At the present time, even the British Government does not hold correspondence will the Court of Peking. insisted upon and obtain ed provision for communications between the lwc Governments.
 The article of the treaty does specify to whom communications from the United States shall be ad dressed, II being left 10 the discretion of the Amer can Government 10 elect hom Il will address, no excepting the Emperor. Upon this point l shall make to you u separate communication, with reference as we'll 10 it's impor ,ance as for the purpose ofindicaing the parties al Court whom il will be most convenient for the Se creiary of State to address, when occasion shal arise.
 18th. In regard to opium, winch is not direcll, mentioned in the English treaties, it is provided b, the treaty Wang Hiya, that citizens of the United States engaged in this any other cunraband trade shall receive no protection from the American Gov. ernment, nor shall the flag of the Unlled States be
 
 the violation of the laws of China. Upon this point also shall have occasion 10 address to you sepa rate despatch.
 have thus, in brief manner, indicated some o the peculiar provisions of this treaty.
 Many Of them are and important.
 Some of the English newspapers have commenced rather boastiuly upon the fact that the English had opened the ports of China other nations, ant a, the sane time have, with 6ippant ignorance, rd culed ile Iea oi a mission from the U. States to dc that which Git was sad) had been already who'll, done by England.
 ascribe all possible honor to the ability display ed by Sir Henry Potinger in Chlna and tn the sue cess which attended his negotiations; and recog nIse the deb Of gratitude which the United State, and all other nations owe to Engla for what she has accomplished in China From all this much he nehl has accrued lo the United States.
 But, Tn return, the treaty of Wang Hiya, in the new provisions 1t makes, canfers great benefit 'he commerce. of the British enpre for the supple mentary Ehslish treaty stipulales that any new pr Nieges conceded by China to other nations shall be enjoyed also by Eng land, and there is Il similar pro vision in the treaty of Wang Hiya; and thus, what ever progress either Government makes in opening this vast empire 10 the influence of foreign com inerce, IS for the common good of each other and O all Christendom.
 The details the tariff are not yet completed and some incidental questions remain to be ar ranged.
 shall dispose of these matters as soon as poss bte m order to transmit ihe treaty and all the cor respondence, and various other particulars of the ne soiaion, in season. if possible, to be laid before tn, Senate al the opening of the session of Congress l am, with great respect, your ont servant. Hon JOHN NELSON, etc. c. CUSHING. The Washington correspondent of the Richmont Enquirer says "l boldly proclaim 10 the world iLat, if Texas ii