The voice of freedom. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1839-1848, 1845-01-02

! Ia 1917, Ffol. OeTsle8d OF copenhagen,
discovered that whenever current Of gal.
vanic electricity passes along a conduct
ing wire, ii ac!e upon magnetic needle,
DETECTING i, il various directions, accord
ing to the relative positions of The conduc-
! tor pnd needle. This was observed BY
| placinga magnet near a wire connecting
The two poles Of a gaIvanic battery, The
power Of galvanic electricity to produce
magnetic effects. has received the name Of
Electro Magnetism.
Vnrioos modes of exhibiting and apply
ing his power have been discovered, and
numerous Instruments and machines cons
sructcd whose operations depend upon
this principle.
The above wood cut represents a person
holding piece Of soft iron, called an ar.
mature, near The poles of an electro mag
net, which is attached by copper wires to
small galeanic battery. The battery,
caloromo,er, is formed Of alternate plates
Of copper and zinc. commonly placed a.
bout half an inch apart. TIE copper
plates are connected logether by conduct
or aud attached to the wire leading from
one rolu of:he magnet and the zinc plates
in like manner connected to the wire lead
ing from the other pole. These plates are
submersrd in u solution OF some kind Of
salt, or acijualed water, and i current OF
galvanic electricity is evolved.
The magnet is piece Of soft iron Of a
horse shoe, or u shape frs, insulated by
coating Of some non-conducting SUBJ
stance, to prevent the curreDt Of gaIvan-
1874 from coming in contact with the iron.
The wire (Which should be copper is also
insulated and wound IRON one pole 10 the
ether, in close spiral form, leaving the
ends Of S Sufficient length to be easily con.
hCINu ~ tliS tWU "hpo itouiHS IiOAi tHS
poles OF the battery. A current Of gaIvan-
Ic electricity is supposed 10 pass from the
zinc plates through the solution to the
copper plates oflhe battery, following the
wire around The iron, back 10 the Yin:
plates Of the battery; thus rendering the
iron powerfully magnetic.
What effect is produced by this current,
which causes the iron to become mag
nelic, is NOT known. Some have supposed
that the current OF electricity which pass
rs around the pole Of a magnet produces
vacuum 10 iron, which causes the attrac-
live power. Others have coniended that
he electric curren, causes an inclination in
the PARTICLES Of iron to separate, and fly of
10 other bodies oil iron. which are no. en-
circied by currents Of electricity. Butthe
ttue cause appears to BE- yet yelled in mys'
terry.
The natural magnet or loadstone, IL an
oxid Of iron which is so strongly mag
nsic that i! not only attracts lis own par
tcies, hut those Of iron which before were
not magnetic. In Sweden, masses Of
this ore are found weighing 10 pounds,
which will sustain 200 pounds of iron.
Some ancient philosophers were 80 struck
with he wonderful properties Of the mag
net, that they imagined it had a soul; and
Plato iosisled that the cause Of magnetic
attraction was dirins. Many people al
> the present day have strange ideas of mag
ne;ic power. In 1887 when The writer o.
this article was exhibiting a machine pro-
PEELED by the power o(eleclro magnetism
a gentleman Of some appearance OF intel
iigcnce enqujred how ! expected TO 100
tain loadsioue enough from the NorN
/ Pole 10 propel steamboat |" and, in tht
= winter Of 1870 after having applied III,
electro magnetic power TO moving print
r ing press in the city Of New York, / re
v ceiVed letter from gentleman in Hi
T nois, requesting me 10 send him " te1
:, bottles Of electro magnetism /! 4"
i; The application of electro magnetism t.
$ propeling machinery since the discover,
g Of Oerstend, has been wonderfully rapid
y Twenty five years ago the FIRST principle
y OF electro magnetism we're just discovered
. Ninelero huadrrd yenrf ago The fltst pin
sH.I. ...r.,