Iowa territorial gazette and advertiser. [volume] (Burlington, Iowa Territory [Iowa]) 1840-1846, 1845-03-01

ing more guns than che Ontafio shoosin.
tered change Of wind while in he chanA
mel, was compelled % lei 10 the anchor,
and when again weighed, to tack and beat.
in order to seach The har Dor, VT. found Z
greater depth, and met with no difficulty,
either then Or on leaving the bay. TIE
survey marked z may be relied On for II
accuracy. The bearings, distances, and
soandings, were taken by Captain Hickey.
who was kind enough 70 lend himself 10
the examination, and 10 furnish me with
this resuk. IL il the more interesting. a.
Il shows that, with the aid Of buoys, The
access to vessels Of almost any tonnage
may be rendered secure. In addition to
this, 1t is susceptible or entire defence. be-
cause ship, after passing the lar, in or.
der to avoid the breaking Of the sea on one
oil the banks, is obliged to bear up directly
for the knoll forming the cape; al all times
TO approach within short distance of lis
base, and most frequently then to anchor!
Thus, a small battery erected on this point.
in conjunction with the surges on the OBJ
pesite side. would 50 endanger the ap-
proach as to deter an enemy, however
hardy, from the attempt. This outlet 1.-THE
only between the 3Sth and sd degrees Of
north latitude) embraces the entire range
Of country from the ocean tothe mountains;
and its, interior unites the advantage Of
water con munication throughout, By means
of the many streams tributary to the Co
lumbia, two Of which disembcgue opposite
10 each other, within twenty five leagues
of the port, are navigable, AMI nearly Of
equal magnitude with this beautiful river"
4. In opening communication betw cen
the Valley Of the Mississippi and the Pa
cific ocean. t.H N s9 4
This was The object Of Mr.. Jefferson, in
sending out Lewis and Clark to explore
the line Of the Missouri and Columbia riv-
ers. That great man, always intent upon
benefting the human race, had conceived
the grand idea Of commercial intercourse
with India upon this line Of communication.
But Lewis and Clark were explorers, with
ont guides, and often fell on the most diff
cult and circuitons routes. Subsequent adj
venturers have been more successful. In
passing the ridge Of the Rocky mountains,
Lewis and Clark wandered twelve or thir-
teen hundred miles, over rocks, precipices,
and mountains, in getting from the Falls Of
Missouri to the forks Of Clark's river
points which are only one hundred and
Fifty miles apart, and between which there
10 well-beaten Indian and buffalo road,
over good ground, and through country
aboundin.: with grass, game, and horses,
In fact, there is no difficulty in any part Of
the route. The furs taken in the Rocky
mountains will descend the Columbia to
the Pacific ocean, and thence cross the sea
to China. The same vessel cati bring
rassa~s. Assarrn nf Easssssssss. s.saS-nuss ralr
ascend the Columbia, to the head Of tide
water, enc hundred and eighty three miles.
The great falls can be passed by portage
Of four hundred yards on'the left bank, and
twelve hundred on the right; but, during
the periodical floods, in the months Of April,
May, and June, they can be passed with
out any portage at all. Vessels may be
lifted over the fall by vast lock, neither
made nor filled BY the hands of man. Mr..
b. explained this phenomenon-one Of the
most grand and striking in the works Of
nature. The Great Falls had pitch Of
thirty weight feet perpendicular. lmmedi-
ately below, the river spread out into
basin Of three miles diameter. The river
issued from this basin through channel
than that BY which it entered
The consequence was, that, in every an
nuai flood, the basin Tiled up; the reflucn;
current rolled back upon the fall, buried
il, and presented four feet Of smooth " ater,
where, in the absence Of the flood, there
was a pitch Of thirty-eight. The passage
through the mountains was free from diff
Guilty. For eight months in the year, snow
and sleighs could be relied upon. From
the foot Of the mountains issued the Mis-
souri, river, navigable without the slightest
obstruction to its junction with the Missis-
sinpi, two thousand five hundred and sew
enty-five measured miles. Mr.. B. then
totwo circumstances, which would
facilitate the introduction of East India
goods upon the line OF the Columbia and
Missouri rivers; first, the goods TO be in
troduced were Of light weight small bulk,
and great value; secondly, The river to be
asconded was short, the one 10 be descend
ed was long: and he expressed the most
confident belief that, within one year after
the occupation Of the Columbia, the rich
productions Of the East Indies would flow
into the valley ofthe Mississippi upon this
new and truly national route. eesxa
5. But the greatest Of all advantages to
be derived from the occupation Of this coun-
try, is in the exclusion Of foreign powers
frcm it. II is a country too great and too
desirable to remain longer without civilized
inhabitants. n. extent, soil, and climate,
it is superior TO the old thirteen United
States. In 1904, it was written BY HUM
boldt, s.that The Columbia invites Europe
ans to found a fine colony there, for it
banks afford fertile land in abundance, COW
cred with superb timber. Intl8o5, Rus
sid attempted 70 colonize Il; but the ship
destined for that purpose, and carrying ihs
EmperOr's chamberlain and ambassador to
Japan and China THE Count Resahotf, mis-
sedthe mouth Of the river, went down upon
the coast of California, and there commenc-
"a i settlement. England anowg has heI
iron grasp upon Il, and il will require 4
vigorous effort Of policy, and perhaps
arms, to break her hold. Even If foreign
powsrs hid no desire 70 skgrandize Them
selves with this possession, mere adyep.
t,arsru mirht enter upon IL, q 6nes5 IN.