davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

ANTI-RENTERs. The Hudson, n, I. Re-
publican saye, that Boughton, Beld.ng and
Hotchns have been admitted to bail. On Sa-
1lrday, the 18th inst, supreme Court Com
missioner Baker, of Iillsdale, admitted Walter
Hutchins, one of the Arti-Rent prisoners, to
bal, in the amount Of $4,000; and on the 18th
Boughton and Belden, big and Little Thun-
der were.olso admitted to bail, by the same
authority The amount of Bong bail
was fixed a 10000; Belongs at $4,000. The
persons byNhom they were bailed were chiefly
from Rensselaer, county. They returned home
on Friday, taking the two "Thunders" along
with them.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
YEyHOMSON'S COMPOUND SYRUP
III OF TAR AND WOOD NAPHTHA!
i ut

read the f0How1ng ana hEfLECI.'
ANOTHER WONDERFUL RE-!
PHILADELPHIA, April 4, l645.
hereby certify That was radically cured of con
firm ed PULMONARY CONSUMPTION, solely by
the use of THoMsoN's COMPOUND SYRUP OF TAR AND
WooD NAPHTHA. The annexed statement of my
physician is deemed sufficient to convince all Of the
excellence of this invaluable remedy.
JAS. ANDREWS, 2l7 Cathatine street.
was called to attend in the above case, in the Sc
condary stage of the disease, found the patient la
boring under complex disease of the lungs and liver;
liberation of the latter had taken place, and by per
cussion, discovered abscess had formed in the
right lung. The case being apparently hopeless and
beyond the reach of the usual treatment resolved at
once on using Thomson's Compound Syrup of Tar
and Wood Naphtha, the virtues of which had pre-
viously tested, scarcely expecting il would reach
SO desperate. The result is, cure the most
traordindry, henceorh dspeng all doubts respecting
the efficacy of this excellent medicine in diseases of
the lungs and liver NJ. CHAMBERS, NJ. ID.
Philadelphia April !, lS45
{h3- Principal Office. North east corner of FIFTH
and SPRUCE STREETS, Philadelphia. Sold in Bal
timore by Roberts Atkinson, corner of Baltimore
and Hanover streets; Charles Stotl, Washington, ID.
c.; A. Duval & Co., Richmond, Va.
- Price so cents per bottle or bottles for $3.50
Beware of all limitations. ap29-3m
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
AMERICAN REPUBLICAN.

CcMrllMENr TO DAVID HOFFMAN, ESQ
The students attached to the Law School, so
successfully conducted in Philadelphia by Da-
y.d Hoffman, ESQ, formerly of Baltimore, at
the termination Of recent session, held a
meeting ,c express their high esteem of their
lepal pteceptor. Among others, they passed
the following resolutions:
Tia: we admire his splendid talents, ap-
proeia,3 his profound learning, and regard h'm
as unsurpassed in his profession; believing That
N all ,ile mazes and labyiinths of legal science
none can be more perfectly at home than me-;
The science Of law seeming to be the na'lrG e'e-
.qs". Of his soul, in which he is as mHch at
ease as the eagle in the air or the leTla'hsh IN
the deep. -,.
That while none can have higher amol-
i,.n than to equal our esteemed preceptor in
'cgal attainments, there is no better mcde 1or
IMITATION in ali the graces that adorn th9geh-
leman than that set before US by him. hind,
.ourtcous, aiablc and urbsne in all his inter
course with US, VIC shall ever remember him
with feelings of esteem little differing from
those of tiiiaI regard"
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
::sS8
NO L'INGER
3 =
BUT CHI 6EC:En Tu .s


" ne Pupile e respectfully informed thai hy the
uiuin'eC VI u l'y, regulating the numbering OF the
!@usvs1 uio eooscrb.eT'S number has been changed
nom 70 10 80, OF Which his customers and strangers
will please take nutice.
The Pronn2t0r Of the celebrated VEGETABLE
BlTTElts and COUGH DROPS, would take the me
sent occasion to call the attention of STRANGERS visiting
the cry, and Others to tire superior qualities of the
above medicines for the cure of Dyspepsia, Bowel
Complaints Bilious Fever, Fever and Ague, Rheuma-
tisnl, Colds Coughs, Consumption, and many other
complaints TO which we are liable. In addition 20 the
many certificates published in the papers of the day
he has IN his possession number from most respecta
bic individuals, all esdtying TO the virtues Of these
medicines, and which can be seen at lis store.
The subscriber also takes this opportunity to return
his grateful thanks to discerning public who have
extended to his medicines such liberal support since
their introduction into this city; and he is happy in
the belief that they have been productive OF much
good wherever used As lie is the sole proprietor and
manufacturer, he would caution the public against any
attempts that mSy be made to impose upon them
spurious article, Every bottle OF his medicine is
sealed and stamped with his name on the top OF the
cork, also fac smile of his name on the label on he
side of the bottle, None other genuine; therefore
be OF deceived.
His ANTI-BILIOUS PILLS are acknowledged
to be a most excellent remedy for bilious complaints
They are extensively used, ard pronounced one of
the hest family medicines now before the public.
In addition 70 the above he has many other MEDl-
CINAL PREPARATIONS, of his own manufacture,
together with great variety of PERFUMERY cata-
aCuCs of which he seen at his store and which
he warrants % be equal to any in the city.
LOUIS GCULEY, No, IS Baltimore street,
Between Frederick and Harrison Streets
And near Centre Market
~ B, Remember the No., IS. as the genuine d9ti-
ceS for sale at other place in Baltimore. al2
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

INSURANCE IN New YoRE. The insurance
companies of New York have raised the rate of
insurance on houses FIVE cents OF the hundred
dollars, and on stores the advance is fifteen
cents 1t is stated that the Insurance Compa-
MES will pay all their losses by the late conha-
grafton. By returns from the various offices it
would appear that the large Capitals suffer
mere severely than the smaller cnes, from the
circumstances that Merchants lock rather to
The amount of capital without taking into con-
sideiation the amount at hazard.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

VIOLENT THUNDER STORM AT BosToN. A
severe thunder storm passed over Boston on
Monday night, The whole heavens appeared
as sheet of fire, SO quickly did one flash of
lghtning succeed another, while the thunder
Kept up continual roar. The rain fell in CO.
plous showers for three hours. A block of six
brick houseo in Fayette street, occupied by A.
Clark, z. Waterman, w. B, Peabody, R, X
Potter, C. Eoath, J. Goodale and }. Currier,
were struck by lightning, nearly dcmolishing
the SIDE roof of one, and greatly damaging the
others. None of the inmates were seriously
injured In Mr.. WateIman's house the fluid
glanced from the bell wire tc a feather bed, and
penetrating the clothes, burned the bed consde'
rably. At Abingdon house and two barn.
were struck end entirely consumed.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

EED'S PATENT MEDICINE STORE,
E& corner of GAY and SARATOGA STREETS,
where may be had greater assortment Of valuable
Medicines than can be found at any establishment in
this city, namely:
Sands sarsapaTilia; Sands Remedy 70. Salt Rheum
Sands Glove Anodyne; Sands Roman Eye Basam,
DR.. McMunn's Elixir Of Opium; DI. Rush's Health
Pills; Or. Shetman's unparalleled Lo2enges; do
Tooth Paste; do. Poor MANS Plaster; do. Pap
pilliary Oil; Meredth's Conserve of Copa-
via; Dr. GitOd's SarsaparIlla Blood Pills;
HaOck's Cold drawn Castor Oil Candy;
Jayne's Medicines; Clickener's SUI
gar coated Pills; Anderson's Pills;
Fishers Pills; Wrights Indian
Vegetable Pills; Hays Lini-
ment; Dr.. Dyott's Needless
Ir. Taylor's Balsam of Lii
vefwori; Wistar's Bal
sam Wild Cherry;
Baeman'S Drops;
Bears Oh;
British
Judkns
specific
Ointment; Me-
Iedth's Extract
Buclu; HOoper'S Fee
male Pills; Harlem Oil;
Cologne and Flo Waters
Reed Lilly White; Tooth
Brushes; Staihbums Pills;
Circassan Hair Dye; CiIcas-
sian Cosmetic TO beautify the
HAIR Reeds Indian Vegetable
Cough Drops Hungarian Basam
ofLite; DR.. Upham's Pile Electua-
ry; DR.. FOgcr's OlOsaonan; Knapp;s
Indian Vegetable Plaster do Larbor's
Extract of Lungw0rt; Dandelion and
Tomato Panacea; Champney's Respira-
tors; Mofatt's Medicines; Beef Marrow;
Buffalo Oils Pomatsm; Fancy Soaps, sc.
Alss, Suphuric and Nitric Acids Logwood
Clipped and Ground Brazil Wood; Tumerc;
Fustic; Yellow Ochre; Chrome Yellow; Copperas;
Indigo; Alum; Prussian Blue; Saltpetre, &C., with
general supply of fresh DRUGS-aways fol sale by
SAMUEL REED,
Druggist and Commission Agent,
Corner Gay and Saratoga-st., Baltimore, Md.
{7- Orders from Country Merchants and others for
Drugs and Patent Medicines furnished at the proprie
tors wholesale prices Prescriptions put up with care
and accuracy. ni2-d
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

Matters To- CHING THE LATE FIRE. On
Tuesday, thousand men were engaged III the
tIrni district, New York, clearing away the
,aobsh, sc. 1t is said that contracts for re-
building were actually being made during the
progress of the fire. So much for the spirit ot
enterprise The military have been with
drawn from the burnt distriot-The New
York Courier thinks that the loss by the great
.a-e will fal! short of s. ,0oo,00 which will
fal. chiefly on men of wealth. One of the
pApors estimates partially covered by insurance,
a; s5,b5s ,0O0.---,Thcrc arc twenty gentle
men IN the First Ward, who have contributed
The sum Of $50 each to help The poor and theiI
families, whose property was destroyed in tho
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
TAKE NOTICE.

xslsSv.za e, COLEMAN respect -
esiissReEsS iully informs his friends and sasz-Hs~
customers generally that he has removed his place of
business from No. sSa TO No. 02 Baltimore street,
where he has commenced manufacturing LADIES'
SHOES oil every description, (n connection with his
suited, from themselves down to their servants with
all classes of work. The ladies need have no hcsiia
ton regards the quality style of the work, he
has employed stephen F. Abbott to conduct that
branch of the business who is well known in this city
By large number of ladies as being competent aud
experienced workman.
n. -GentIemcn's Boots made with the same
and despatch as usual. ie27
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

"LcoK Our! We nave the elite Of the Phi
ladcl pha and Baltimore pickpockets among us
TO sec what can be filched at this moment Of
distress. Strangers had better carry as little
money IN their pockets as they conveniently
can"
The foregoing paragraph is clipped from the
New York Sun, and contains a foul impu-
tation against this city, 1t is as unjust as it is
ungcnerous, and comes with an i'll grace from
that quarter.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

NoRE FIRES IN New YeRK. On Tuesday
nigh; about II o'clock, a fire broke cat IN a
liquor warehouse, No rs Vesey street, but was
cx;ugGished before the flames had time to do
much damage. On the same evening lot OF
cotton in Old Slip, saved from the tcrnt dis
tire; II damaged state, took fire, bn: was,
however, soon extnguished by the cotton being
flooded from the hydrants.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

ANOTHER FIRE IN PITTSBURGH. We learn
from the Ariel that on Monday morning last,
about half past two o'clock, file broke out in
the stable OF Dennis NJ 'kelvy, on Prospect Hill,
between Prospect street and Coal lane, con-
Stunning the stable and FIVE or six houses, all Of
which were frame. There were five horses
burned in M'Kelvy's stable. It was undoubt-
edly the act Of an ineendiaGy.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

TAeLIoNi Taglioni declines coming to the
United States this year. She goes from Lon-
don to Liverpool and Dublin, in August; to
Germany in September, October and Novem-
Der; and dances at Rome daring the Carnival,
from December to Lent
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

ANOTHER RAILROAD ACCIDENT. At Potts
vile, Pa, on Wednesday morning, about three
O'Clock, youth l6 years Of age named Lloyd,
was killed on the Mine Hill and Schuylkill Ha-
ven Railroad He was a driver and was sitting
in front of the car, upon the bumper asleep,
and falling upon The Railroad the cars passed
over him, killing him Instantly.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

STABBED. A man named Donohau, was
stabbed on the 18th inst, on the landing in St,
Louis, in all alteration with a man by the
name Of Flynn. The wounded man was con-
veyed to the Office Of Dr. Van Studdiford,
where the wound was dressed and pronounced
to be serious, though not mortal. Flynn was
arrested and lodged in Jail
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

HIGH SCHOOL MAGAZINE. The Alumni
Association of the High School of Philadel-
pha, propose to issue Monthly Magazine, to
be devoted to the publication of prose and po-
etc contributions exclusively from the pens OF
the members Of the Association, one of the
latter acting az editor.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
EHREDERICI1 HICKEY & SONS,

ENREDERICK FICNEY d SONS,
H No. 2?0 BALTIMORE STREET,
Are COMMUNICATING, by drectimportaton, COM
plete assortment of
Hosiery, Trimmings, Fancy Goods, Cutlery, sc.
F. Fickey's superior cord Cotton
Titlcy latham 4 Walkers Patent Shoe Threads
English and German Hosiery, Gloves, &c.
Silk Cfavats; Coat Cords and Bindings
Linen and Cotton Tapes and Stay Bindings
Sofa Gmps, Bed Lace, Carpet Binding, &c.
Table and Pocket Cutlery, Scissors,
American do. do, &c.
Japanned Tea Trays, Brass Candle sticks, and by
Consignment general assortment of
Lasting, Silk, and Gilt BUTTONS
BRUSHES, of every variety
SUSPENDERS, of Gum, Cotton Net, and Webb
Shirt Collars, BOSOMs, &c.
BLACKING, of Mason's and Donnely's
Playing Cards, Wall Paper, &C., to which we invite
the attention purshasers visiting the city,
enabled TO offer them GOODS such prices as can
not fail to please them. Orders from distance will
always have our best attention. and the goods put up
at our lowest prices. TA1 nl9
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

TElEoRArH. The company have determin-
ed upon their route between New York and
Philadelphia. They proceedup the line of the
North River, and cross the Hudson at Fort
Washington. This is on an elevation which
will run the wires above the ulGsts Of any YES
SCI The contracts are all finished.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

SMUGGLING IN CANADA. A serious ARRAY
occurred few days ago at St. Catharne's, be-
tween party of the smugglers and the custom
house officers; Capt. Teuch, the Surveyor of
Customs, narrowly escaped being shot.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
no MANUFACTURERS.


= FARMERS AND OTHERS.
SCRIPTURES PATENT ATMOSPHERIC
OILER and SYRINGE. This article is a new and
useful invention to secu.e convenience and economy
in the use Of OIL 1t is made of tin, having spring
by which the oil be thrown instantaneously on to
those parts Of machinery that cannot be easily reach
ed by other contrivsnces, and in just such quantities
needed.
By the present mode Of oiling machinery, the looms
of cotton wooen and other factories, quite much
or oil is wasted than requisite to keep the
machinery in running order By the use of the above
instrument not drop of oil need be wasted, and the
facility of its operation econ0mises them. Its advan
tages so apparent that it has met with universal
approval where introduced and it will prove advan-
tageous to every machinst and manufacturer TO be
provided with them. The saving in oil will soon pay
the price of it, and the additional cleanliness which II
preserves about machinery is alone enough 10 recon-
mend it. Pure pressed Sperm oil only should be used
supply on hand and for sale, wholesale and retail, by
ALFRED II. REP,
No 1886 Baltimore street
t5- Remember, it is the second Tin Store above
HoWasd street. iel6-f
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
LADIES' FASHIONABLE SHOE ENY-
pOUUETN

M%A [IgEEI We have now made arrange
Y=TEH mCnts receive always al
E=Jal Etsst4nEaH4 the very earliest period the
ElSE.EssGSslgS9 LATEST FASHIONS. La
.EiEri&SasfE9 dies will be able TO find by cali
'A aa% ing TO see us. Walking and
Dress SHOES, Caters and Half Caters, Slippers
and FANCY SHOES, Manufactured from French
MOROCCO and English KID, in the neatcst manner
Fancy SHOES for Balls, Parties and Weddings nicely
made to order. We keep also on .and large assert
ment of Children's SHOES and BOOTS, all of which
will be sold on terms TO please.
ELLIS s. NICOLAI,
iel0-tf No. So Baltmore-st.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

AN lNcoRRIGIBLE VILLAIN 4 scogndrcl on
tered the vestery room of the Calvary church,
Fourth Avenue, N. York, on Sunday last, dur
ing divine service, and stole the co&t and vest
belonging to the clergyman.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
NJ EEP COOL! KEEP COOLN
Nv WATERWAYS PATENT

0A WATERWAYS PATENT
PNEUMATIC SHOWER BATH AND
IMPROVED BATHING TUB!
The subscribers have purchased the exclusive right
for the sale of the above useful article in the cities of
Baltimore and Washington, and recommend it to
those about to adopt the healthy practice of daily alb
luton, as one of the easiest, cheapest and quickest
methods of performing the operation. The price of
the Shower Bath alone, which can be used with a
common tub or in Bah House, is only Sl.50. The
whole apparatus, including Shower Bath Bucket and
Bathing Pan, which are neatly japanned, is Sc, and
are so arranged as to be- without any difficulty, placed
in closet or under bed and consequently prevent
all obstruction in the chamber. Those who wish to
take bath upon rising in the morning, without the
Inconvenience of a change of dress, can do so in a
few minutes. The low price at which this portable
Shower Bath is offered to the public should induce
all who desire continuance of health and chez rfu-
ness to purchase. Those who wish to examine it are
invited TO call. when any information concerning it
will be given by the subscribers.
JAMES CORTLAN g. SON,
No. lS Baltimore street,
nearly opposite the Centre Market.
% For Bath Tubs, with Patent Heaters, Shower
Baths of every variety and Bathing apparatus of eve
ny description at the lowest prices, call at the manu-
factory of
jyl6 II JAMES CORTLAN s. SON.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

Drowned. DERRICK Westhng, passenger
On the Canal boat Lehigh was accidentally
drowned in the Canal near Pittsburg on Mon
day LAST.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

PENNSYLVANIA The August interest on the
debt of this State, it is said, will certainly be
paid, as there is almost enough funds in the
Treasury now Cor the purpose.
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
BATH APPARATUS

EbIMOND B. BARNUn'S IMPROVED PA
Ep PENT BATH HEATER. The exclusive right
for the manufacture and sale of the above cheap,
simple and useful article in the city and county of
Baltimore, has been purchased by the subscribers,
who assure the public that for economy and utility it is
superior TO any thing ever yet invented Those who
wish to promote and preserve health, can purchase
BATH TUB with Heater attached, by calling at our
establishment the second floor Of which has been
fitted up for displaying various kinds Of Bath Appara-
tuS. Persons having Tubs have these Heaters
attached to them either within or without their bath
houses. This Heater which is made OF heavy copper
to iEsure its being service able is the oay eGecirc
success They have been in for various purposes
for some years during which time they have been
greatly approved of and admired. They will heat
large bath tub of water in half the time of any thing
heretofore in use, with less than CENTS ,corth Of
Gtel.
References to all who have purchased them, with
out an exception, can be given.
description is deemed useless, as the public are
invited to call and examine for themselves when the
subscribers will be pleased to give any information
concerning them and their various applications.
JAMES CORTLAN s. son,
No. 10 Baltimore street. 2d door
East OF Harrison street.
&c Constantly on hand further supply of Shower
Baths of every descriptions and Bath Tubs of every
size Persons would do well to give call previous
TO fitting up their bath houses. In29-2m
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25

VINO HE Was. The young man who recent
ly died at Boston, and described himself as
Lord Vincent, is SAID to have been the son of a
distinguished English clergyman, and slightly
deranoed
American Republican and Baltimore daily clipper. [volume] (Baltimore, Md.) 1844-1846, 1845-07-25
BALTIMORE LOCK HOSPITAL.
Pr EDERICK STRE

member Of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licep-
hate of the ApOhecarys Hall, London, and Graduate
rom one of TIE first colleges i'll the United States may
ee consulted in ali diseases incident 10 the human
iFaine, but more especially in all cases of
CERTAIN DISEASE.
When the misguided and imprudent yOtary 0T pits-
sure hnds he has bibet the seeds of this painful 6is
ese II too often happens that illtimCd sense Of
shae or dread Of discovery, deters him from apply
ls 10 th"se who, from education and respectahjitY,
@ e!ohe beirend him, delaying till the constitutional
s4l'iPtols OF TINS hofrd disease make their appear-
aiISe, suCh us uctTaled throat, diseased nose
nuchal pans III the head and limbs dimness of sigh
uedhess: NODES on the shin bones and arms boeLe ca
90 nc dui race ana GXtremities, progressing on with
rapidly til AT last the palate of the month or
s uoes oi te nose fall i'll and the victim of This sw
iui Gisedse Deeomes horid object of conmserati0n
Till death puts period to his dreadful snfiri,gS ~
sehohig nun 10 'that bourne whence no trayee, 70
turns To sucD; therefore, DR.. JOHNST0N n,odoe,
hiseii 10 preserve the most inviolabe secrecy. ana
from hs extensive practice in the frgI hosni;os =;
Europe and America, he can confidently recdmnnend
safe aud speedy cure the unfortunate victiIe y,
this hoIrid disease. 'Nini VI
SURGICAL OPERATIONS on the Eve epc, .
for squirting, Cataract, sc. Also those for Denyn,,s
OF the Limb such az Club Foot, &c., performed ON
the Poor free ct charge. N
SKIN DISEASES SPEEDILY CURED,
TAKE NOTICE. Those persons who have inint
ed their constitutions by certain practice speedily
cured. 'P'e0-'
Take notice, On the night hand side Of NJ Frpder,ch
street. going from Baltimore street. doors C1u inc
corner. Observe the name. "
DC Advice to the Poor GRATIS. n1s