New-York daily tribune., 1845-03-05

the p.trIotic sentiment. 'EOur federal Unlon-it
must be Preserved To preserve - the coInproEi-
IS which alone enabled our fathers 10 fotIn COM
mon constitution for the government enc Plo.ee1on
Of so many States and distinct communities, OF
such diversified habits Interests, ana dofest'C IN
stiluiions must be sacredly and reusiousy oose'-
we'd Anv attempt 10 disturb or destroy heSe COM
promises being terms of the COMPACT oi Union,
can lead 10 none other than the most ruIaous anc
disastrous consequences
Il sa source OF deep regret that N some sections
OF our country misguided persons nave occasional
ly INDUCED IN schemes and as.leHohs, WHO'S oo-
iect l. The destruction OF domestic institutions ei:
istns IN other sec;ons--InstiutiOns which existed
q; ihs adoption OF the Constitution, ana were r..
co-nised and projected by t. All mu>l see that II
il were possible fer them be successful N attain
ing lheiI object, the dissolution oi tne hion. ano
The consequent destruction OF ouf iaPFy ietIa OF
government, must speedily follow.
am happy 10 believe that al every peEiod OF our
existence as nation. there has existed, and con-
tnues 10 exist among the great mss OF people,
q devotion 10 the Unlon OF the oiaies "hicA VIII
shield and protect Il against TIE mora! reason Oh
any who would seriously contemplate lis destEuc-
non To secure continuance OF that devotion.
the COMPROMISES OF the Constitution must not only
be preserved, but sectional jee!ou>ies ana neaIi-
burnlngs must be discountenanced anc al! should
remember thai they are members oi the me poll
teal family. having common destiny o inc!eaSe
the attachment OF our people 10 the Chion on! Jaws
should be inst Any policy which shall tend 10
favor nonopolles or the peculiar Interests OF Sec
lions or Classes must operate 10 The Preucice OF the
interests of their fellow citizens, and should be
avoided. If the compromises OF the Constitution
De presrrved.-if sectional leelousles and heart
burnIngs, be disco;nienanced,-lt our laws De Just
and the government be practically administered
strictly within the limits OF power prescribed 10 Il,
we may discard all apprehensicns Tor the safety
the Ualon
With these views Of the nature, character, and
objects OF the Government, and the value OF the
Uuon shall steadily oppose the creation Of those
institutions and systems which, IN their nature
,end 10 pervert II from lis legitimate ptpo>eS. and
make II the instrument OF sections. ciass. and m
diylduas We need no National BANKS, or other
extraneous institutions, planted around theGoyera
ment 10 control strengthen II IN opposition 10 the
viii of lis authors. Experience has taught Us ho"
unnecessary they as aaNlarles OF the pubic
authorities. how impotent for good, and how pow
ertul for mischief
Ours was intended TO be a plain and frugal gov
erpment ard shall regard It 10 be my duty 10
recommend 10 Congress, and as far as the EXrcu-
tive Is concerned. 10 enforce by al! the means with
in nv power. the sirlctest economy IN the rXpend
ture OF The public money, winch may be compatible
with the public interests
A National Debt has become almost ar insttu-
ton of European monarches. il is viewed, IN some
OF them. as essential prop 10 existing govern
I
whose government can be sustained only by sys-
TEN which periodically transfers large amounts
from the labor OF the many 10 the Golfers OF the few
Such system Is incompatible with the ends tor
which oul Republican Government was Instituted
Under a wise policy the debts contracted IN our
Revolution. and during the war OF 1872, have been
happily extngulshed. By a judIcious application
o; the revenues. NOT required for other necessary
purposes ii Is not doubted that the debt which has
grown out Of the circumstances OF the last few
years may be speedily paid oh
congratulate my fellow citizens on the entire
restoration OF the credit OF the General Govern
ment OF the Union, and that OF many OF the States.
Happy would II be for The indebted States II they
were freed from their liabilities. many OF which
were ncauuously contracted. Although the Gov
crnment of the Union is neither in a legal nor a
moral sense bound Tor the debts Of the States, and
II would be violation OF our compact OF [ mon 10
assume them, yet cannot but feel deep IN
ierest in seeing all the States meet their public
liabilities, and pay of their Just debts, al the
earliest practicable period. That they will DO so
as. soon II can be done without lmposag too
heavy burdens their citizens there Is no reason
TO doubt. The sound, moral and honorable teel-
ing oil the people Of the indebted States cannot be
questioned and we are happy TO perceive settled
disposition their part, as their ability returns,
after q season OF unexas1pled pecunlary embarraSs-
ment pay of all just demands, and 10 acqulcscc
in any reasonable measures TO accomplish that
object.
One of the difficulties which we have had to en-
counter in the practical administration OF the 60
vernment, consists III the adjustment CT revenue
laws and the lew OF the taxes necessary Tor the
support of government. In The general proposition,
that no more money shall be collected than the ne
cessliiss of an economical administration shall re-
cure all parties seem 10 acqueSce. Nor does there
seem 10 be any material difference oil opinion as 10
the ibsence OF right in the government 10 tax one
section OF country, or one class OF citizens, or one
OCCUPATION. for the mere profit OF another. 'lus-
tlce and sound policy forbid the federal govern.
ment 10 foster one br 1ch OF Industry TO the detr-
me nj OF another or cherish the interests OF one
cnTton 10 the injury of another portion OF COM
mon country" have heretofore declared 10 my
ielow-ci,izeus that. IN my judgement, II Is the
duty oi The sovernmer. % extend as Tar as II may
be practicable TO do so, by lis revenue laws and all
other means within lis power lalr and just protec-
ton 10 all the great interests OF the whole Union,
embracing agriculture, manufactures, the mechanic
arts, commerce and navigation. ! have also de-
cIaTed my opinion TO be n favor oi tarlti for re-
venue, and that ''in adjusting the details OF such
tariff have sanctioned such moderate dlScrml-
mating duties Us would produce the amount OF re-
venue needed, and, al the same time, afford rea.
sonabe incidental protection 10 our home industry,
and that was Opposed 10 tariff tor protection
merely, and not for revenue. >
The power "to lay and collect taxes. duties, M
posts, and exclses, was an Indispensable one 10 be
conferred on lUe TcucIdl
without it, would possess no means oi providing tor
lis own srppori In executing this power, BY levy
ing Tariff OF duties Tor the support OF Govern
ment the raising OF rfrenue should br the otJcrt,
and protection the ncideat. To reverse this prn-
cple. and make protection the object, and rfreiine
the incident. would be TO iutict manifest Injustice
upon all other than the protected interests. In ie-
wing duties for revenue il IS doubtless proper 10
make such determinations within the rcrtHhs pint
ajle as will afford incidental protection 10 our
home Interests. Within the revenue INIT, there
is discretion 10 discriminate beyond that limit,
the righful exercise OF The power Is not conceded
The incidental protection afforded TO our home IN
tere>iShy determinations within The revenue range,
il is believed Will be ample. In making diSctlmlna-
tions, all our home interests should, far as Prac
iicabe, be equally protected The largest portion
OF cur people are agrlcurTlstS. Others are en-
poyed IN manufactures, commerce, navigation,
and the mechanic ants. They are all ensased m
their respective pursuits, and Their Joint abors con
stitute The Naiihnal or home Industry. To tux one
branch OF this hcme industry for the benefit of
another, would De unjust No one OF these lnier-
->rs can rghuuy claim an advantage. over the
others, or 10 be euricird by impoverlSblng the