davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Santee Canal-We are gratfcd 10
learn that this Canal, having lately un-
dergohe thorough repair, is now in fine
boating order. The recent resolution 10
exempt from return toll all boats bringing
down the products Of the forest and re-.
turning empty, offers strong induce
menl for an abundant supply, Of lumber
and fire wood through thai channel
Courier.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Smuggling Goods into Merico.-The
Mexican correspondent of the London
Times declares, that by making the Rio
Grande the boundary between the United
States aud Mexico, the whole North Of
Mexico will be in the hands of American
Smugslers. The New-Or!eans Bulletin
received about the same time, with the
paper containing this letter 10 the Times,
has some speculalions on the same sub
ject. II predicts that American goods
will be sniuggled iulo Mexico to such an
extent as entirely to break up the monop-
oily it says Great Britain now enjoys of
the trade Of that country, A few years
since the Mexican silver was imported
largely into New Orleans, now it princi-
pally goes 10 England in The British
steamers. This will BE reformed, ii ex
poets, through the smugglers. But the
Bulletin bases its anticipatious upon these
facts: The extravaganza ol the Mexican
Tariff on imports, the proneness of the
Mexicans to smuggling across the Rio
Grande, which it says cannot be preven.
Ted by an army of $4,000 men stationed
ON that stream.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

The Poison Spreading.-one hun
dred and seventy Unitarian Ministers OF
Rhode Island and Massachusetts have
published their protest against American
slavery. These meddlesome gentlemen,
who seem TO think that oflhe two races,
The black is nearer their hearts, being
compelled in the course of their protest TO
touch upon The argument that slavery was
permitted under the Old Testament dis
peusa,ion, evade it by the blasphemous
assertion. tina, during "this time Of isno,
rance God winked at it," God, the
fountain of all goodness, winking al crime!
Truly it is becoming that those who seek
10 excite seryile war, should bolster up
their unhalowed designs by blasphemous
attacks upon the purify of the Most High
Euening Post
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

According to a recently published work
the number Of serjs. or white slaves, in
Russia is forty three millions. The Em-
.peror bimselfis said to be the owner Of
twenty-.freo millions, s
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

a bald eagle acp on board the U. s..
ship John Adams. al sea, much faligued.
As poultry die rapidly at sea. he feared
well not being ratable, aud became very
tame, walking around from mess to mess,
Se'tlhs crumb here aud drink there
he is now considered one of The crew,
and al, attends to the furlius of The royals.
he never left the ship until The Princeton
anchored al Pensacola, when he alighted
on her cross jack yard took searching
glance; saw all was right, as far as Uncle
oam was concerned, and returned 10 his
own ship. The singular part of ,his oc-
currence is tha, three foreign men of war
are at anchor near the John Adams, and
TINS republican bird will mol Visit either of
Them.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Influence fine Moon on Trees.-An in-
lelligeu, gentleman engaged for nearly
thirty years in cutting timber in Demarara
and who has made extensive observations,
upon trees, says,fhat the moons influence
on trees i. very great; so observable is this,
that if tree be cul down al full moon, it
will Immediately split, as if torn assuEder
by great external iorce. Trees are also
attacked much sooner by The rot than if
allowed to remalnito another period Of the
moons age, Those intended, therefore,
TO be a piled TO durable purposes are cut
only during the first and last quarters of
the moon; for the sap rises TO The Top of
the lrees at-fall moon, and falls in pro-
portion 10 the moons decrease.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

By rubbing red hot iron with the horn:
OF a sheep, it will be coated with dura. 3
bic eand shiYns hlackyarnist. Mechanics
will lltryitds.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Apples-lmmense Orchard.- Mr.. Rob.
er. Livingston Pell, of Pelham, Ulster
county, N. Y, has an orchard of New
town Pippins, comprising twenty thou
sand Aourishing trees. from which he has
been enabled to gaIher and pack, this
year, nearly four thousand barrels; all oI
which are preparing for shipment to Eu
rope. Cuba, China, and other distant
countries. They are sold in New York,
by his commission merchant, al six dol:
lars per bbl.. as fast as they arrive by the
boats from the farms.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

The Riucr and Weather.-In the latter
part of last week we had heavy rains,
which caused very considerable rise in
the river, aud on Friday evening and Sa-
,urday morning, 10 real freshet, iortu-
nately, however, this was not The case,
and no damage was done here by the wa.
ter we regret 10 learn. however, that our
river planters, and those upon lis trlbula,
ry streams, have not escaped SO well, aud
that tneir loss has been heavy. in Corn,
Peas, and Pumpkins. On Sunday morn
ing the weather became clear. y ith cold
north west wind, and for the three morn
ing's past, we have had slight white
frost. not enough, however, TO destroy
vegetation. We have now fine weather,
aud "A good boating river.-Hamburg Re
publican.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

general rule, however, its proselytes, SO
far, are among people of speculative or
imaginative cast. Tha: many persons
who have followed its precepts have been
materially benefited, cannot be gainsay-
ed, but whether it has the miraculous Of
icacy tina, its friends assert, is still ques-
,iun admitting Of much doubt. For our
selves, we do not feel competent to decide
such a matter. Homeopathy, hydropa'hy,
and allopalhy are alike foreign 10 our go-
cation; lei the ono rise or the other fall,
The editors equanimily will be undisturb-
ed; as Sancho Pauza profoundly re-
marks, "we neither lose not win, and so
our name be but in print, and go about
the world from hand to hand, we care not
a fig, let people say Of them whatever
they list"
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

A! the Massachusetts Temperance Con-
ven ION at Worcester John Hawkins. a
Temperance Lecturer, said:
III there was man in the world who
needed encouragement and support, il was
Of all others, the reformed inebriate. He
SAID ne was blessed with an iron conslitu-
tion' anu his temperament was such that
ne had sometimesshuddered until his head
grew dizzy, at The thought that some sud
den aud unforeseen temptation nigh, besel
him. and cause him again to .sreel and
slagger like drunken man. He had
lell; -and,the reformed inebiriate always
feels' that he needed props and supporters
all around him. A kind word was better
to him than gold--it strengthened him in
virtue. He could imagine how easy ii
was for man Of Coughs temperament
tofall away; hut, said he, ERE be ,hou-
sand times fallen, would athousand
times pick him up, and toll him he was
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Test Rqpe5A very useful invention
has ,jusl.beel lsmade 10 prevent paper from
being tempered with by chemical agenls,
or acted on by skarp instrument or rub
Der for the purpoS erasiug any writing,
and thus 10 prev entirely The many
.frnuds pfac;fsed iis 1fig country. ifaany
chemical agenrbensed, the sheet will be
80 change as 10 alter conspiciously its ap-
pearance, and the white or pale colcred
sheet, will be imbued with stain or color
and it will be impossible TO make the pa
per will showsi,, and The paper cannol
be restored. We need moi add that This
will prove tig ghly important 10 banks and
other companies.-N. Y Moring Neacs.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22


Portable MilE-We saw yesterday,
says the US. Gazette, in operation new
and Portable MiliWhlch while it occupied
but a trtang space, performed almost as
much woik as a par f:.three or four burr
stones. lis outward form is conical, With
a sugar loaf shaped stone revolving in it
Both The revolving slone and The inside
OF The cone, are liledwitn French Burr
stone, jointed together on the principle Of
arch. A screw ar The end of the axis of
the revolving stone, enables the person
having the machine in charge, 10 make it
grind fue or course. With one horse
power i, will grind four TO FIVE bushels Of
wheat per hour, aud The stones can be
sharpened without difficulty.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Neser Read 10 an Editor.-Never read
an article aloud for The edilication of an
editor, especially from one of his own ,,,,-s ex-
changes, for, ten changes 10 one; has
read i before you, and will Sc, you down
as a decided bore.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22


Great Pork Markst.-There have been
exported from S.. Louis since the first Of
January last, twelve million pounds Of
pork aud bacon. Last winter $4,000
hogs were slaughtered ,here-an increase
of several thousand over the preceding
season. One establishment alone cut up,
Of this number, 10000 hogs.
Compost for Wheat.-For every acre
of clayey ground which you intend to pu,
in wheat, prepare enough compost, as
follows, to allow dressing Of ten double
horse cart loads. say of 40 bushels each.
Take 10 loads of loam from the woods,
or the same quantity of rich mould, or
we'll rotled manure, ] bushel of salt, 10
bushels of charcoal, ] bushel Of plaster,
10 bushels Of ground bones, add 10 bush
els Of ashes. Lei these be we'll incorpo-
rated together; after letting the whole re-
main few days, turn over the mass, and,
as mixed together add twenty gallons Of
urine to each ten loads; taking care to
sprinkle plaster over il as the operation is
being performed. A compost thus form.
led, will comprise alllhe constituent elo.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Ertract from a8iester received By a Mer-
camille Hohseoftk I'o1on, dated,
MEMPHIS, renn.) Sept. 26, lS45.
The Corn crop is good. aud The gene
raj opinion here is, thai the article will no,
bring over 30 ceaIssp bushel at New
Orleans. when lhsfnew crop begiis 10
come freely to marker. ."-Republlcan.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22
NO. SO.

| ting to the administration Of justice. We
have ordered our Ministers to lay before
you reports of their several departments
The Independence of our Kingdom ha.
been most explicitly recognized by tho
Unied1 Slales, Great Britain, France and
Belgium. From each of these powers we
have received the most friendly assuran-
ces.
Itis our wish to cultivate the relations
of peace and friendship with all nations,
and 10 treat The subjects of all with equal
justice. Y Y
We consider it The first Of our duties TO
protect Religion, aud promote good NOR
ais aud general education. Ii willthere-i
fore be your duty TO consider by what
means these blessings eau he best promo
'ed and extended among the people Of:
these Islands, aud also among the foreign
ers resident in our dominions. We are
well aware that the Word Of God is the
corner stone of our kingdom. Through
its influence we have been introduced inlo
the family of the independent nations of
the earth. Ii shall therefore be our con.
slant endeavor 10 govern our subjects in
The fear of the Lord; to temper justice
with mercy in the punishment of crime;
and TO reward industry aud virtue.
The Almighty Ruler ofna,ions has dealt
kindly with US in our urtioubles, in restoring
our kingdom, together with special guar.
an,ees for existence as an independent
nation May He also aid you in your
deliberations, and may He grant his spe-
cial protection to us, 10 you and our peo-
pie.
OREGON.
There are two packets now running
between Oregon City aud Honolulu; The
American big Chenamus, Capt Sylves-
Ter, and the Hudson Bay Companies
barque Cowlits, Captain Heath. The
Cheuamus arrived at Honolulu on the
25 of May after ,wenty-cight days pas
sage. Cargo: 400 bbls. flour, S bbIs.
wheat, 45 bbls. and Is boxes salmon, 37;:7
200 feet Of lumber, $4,000 shingles, g.
spars and one American mare. The.
Cowlilz sailed for Oregon On the 18th
May, with English aud American manu-
faciures; tea. sugar. coffee, AMI other pro-
sductions from The Islands, India and Chi
---~-------As->>>r--
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

A cheap and durable cement for COW
eriug wood buildings, fences, &c. .tras been
made by mixing two parts of sified wood
ashes, Que Of fine sand and three Of CLAW.
These are mixed with oil and applied 10
the surface, after which,it will relist the
incfemency Of the weather as we'll as
marble.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22

Further Antartic Discoueries.-It is
said that further discoveries have been
made in the Southern polar regions by
the barque Pasoda, under the command
of Lieut.. Moor of the British Navy. This
vessel was hired by the British government
for this expedition, and for The purpose of
completing the series of magnetic obser-
valions left unfinished by the ships Terror
and Erebus.. She retured to Simond's
Bay, after an absence Of 40 days, having
proceeded farther South than any vessel
which has preceded her having accom-
plished the special object Of the voyage,
aud having brought home many species of
birds and fishes net before known. She
found The Aurora so brilliant, that small
print was distinctly legible by the light Of
it. This vessel was al times surrouned
by icebergs higher than the mast head.
Not casualty occurred, nor was man
sick on The voyage. :.=.s,zs.z-,5..z.s-zs
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1845-10-22
still a man; bidding him go on in Gods

name."
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-04-24

~ CONGRESSIONAL MANUAL Br JoEL b. SurH-
" xKLAsoj an Outline Of tho Order Of Business in
the Housr Of Representatives, volume Of nearly O
Engos, price 81 50.
This Manual has boen undertaken and executed
mainly with tho view Of giving gentlemen, who may
not have served members OF the National Legisia-
uro some insight into the mode OF trsnsse,ng tho bu-
siness OF Congress especially in the IL. Of Roproson-
tairos OF the United States Members Of tho State
Legislatures will also 6nd Il sorvicoabe In the per-
ormance of their Legislative duties and occasionally
even the older members Of Congress viii Ind II a
convenient reference.
IL oonlainsa Of important parliamentary deer
sions worthy the attention Of ssory DESTROYS u
becoming acquainted with the Congressional practice
Of The country also the rules OF both Houses OF Con-
gross Jcffersons Manual of Parliamentary Practice
Constitution of The United States Declaration Of In
Dependence, giving full indexes Of all OF them for the
purpose OF snordnR easy and instant Tefsrenco and
nueh other useful information. fos sale by
+. TAYLOR, Boob seller,
dec lmueJa tciy east OF Gadsby' - Hotel.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-04-24
THE COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL LIE
GISLAIlON OF EUROPE AND AMEKl
oct 36m

THE COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL LIE
Il GISLATlON OF EUROPE AND AMERI-
CA-by }. Maegregor-l vol. London-lust imported
from London by r. TAYLOR.
Also, "The Principles of Political Economy" by
McCulloch, author Of McCullochs Commercial Die
uonary-l vol. London, 1913;
Adam Smiths wealth of Nations" edited by Nc
Culloch-l vol
"Foreign Tarifis-their Injurious Effects on British
Manufactures, with Proposed Remedes"-London,
lS43;
"Tates Modern Cambist-a Manual Of Foreign
Exchanges in the different operations of Exchange
and Bullion continuing also the late alterations in the
Monetary System of Frankfort on the Main"-l vol.
London, lS43;
Political Philosophy"-by Henry Lord Brough-
am-part second, London, lS43, vol. oct;
"The New Tariff, british, } with the Amendments
and New Clauses; with the old Duties amounts re
ceiyed on each Article; new Corn Duties, ac.n-
London, 1913
"Eisdels Industry of Nationsr-2 vols London.
"The Political Life Of Edmund Burke" by Rev.
George Croly-2 vols. London
"Sir Robert Peel and his Era"-l vol London,
1913;
"Sheridan's Speeches. vols. London, 1912;
"The Commercial Adjuster--bringing the Money,
Weights, Measures, &c. of all Nations Of the World
to the Standard Of the United Statesn-New York
l643;
"Stock Tables-exhibting the Worth Of different
Percentages, interest payable semi annually or quar-
tery; redeemable at the end of from one to fifty
years. to realize to the purchaser from three to ten
per cent per annum"-l vol. quarto, New York,
l843;
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-04-24
AGENCY AT WASHINGTON.

"A MOS KENDALL and JOHN r.. KENDALL
oder their services TO such As may have business
with the Government Of the following description,
VIA,
Obtaining contracts from the Post Office and othei
Executive Departments.
Procuring patents, and other business connected
with the Patent Office.
Procuring ponsions-royolutionary army, and ma
w and other business in relation thereto.
Settlement of accounts whether with the State
Treasury, War, Navy, or Post Office Departments.
Prosecuting Of claims against the Government
whether Tor lands other property, or money, before
ANY of the Executive Departments or Congress.
Our ONCE Is IN the house Of Amos KENDALL on
street, the first door east of the Medical College,
two squares west of the Post Office Department,
where We can be found during business hours.
Anos kxspALL will prepare cases for presentation
to the Departments, or to Congress His know ledge
of the forms aud details Of public business derived
from service IN the public offices, Will enable him
to perform this service IN the most effective
and those who intrust with business may rely upon
the utmost promputudo, and the use Of all proper
means to bring II To successful issue. Our charges
viii be moderate, depending for their amount the
nature of the
Persons at a distance will find il much cheaper 10
employ us IN any business they may have with the
Government, than to come to Washington themselves.
We will also attend to the adjustment and coec-
ton of private claims.
All letters on business should be addressed to
Messrs. Kendall, X Co., agents, and must be post
paid.
AMOS KENDALL,
oct 3-6m JOHN 4. KENDALL.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-04-24
NEW MUSIC.

lust received, the following pieces Of New Mu-
d sic at the OLD established store, two doors east
of 18th street, Pennsylvania Avenue.
NV sister, Oh nv sister-by l.. L. Chadwick
When the early stars are peepng-by &. Menekc
DAYS of NV childhood-by G. F. Heuberer
The American National song of Liberty-by s..
Radon
Ask me no more to sing that song Of gladne's-by
Glover
The old church clock-by J. Long
Unfading beauty-hy F. Peterslea
The Free, the German Rhne-by j. w. Hudson
I'm with you once again-by W. h. DemPster
The Matin bell
Jeanne Morrson-by W. R. Dempster
The voices of life-by G. }. Webb
The bells, the bells of evening-by A. Lee
The Inch Cape BeIl-by J. Parry
Stars of the summer night by o. w. Withring
Mary Hay-by r. Bruce
Little Eddie by J. N. Metcalf
The bold outlaw-G lee-by H. r. Bishop
IT'S very merry thing-Glee-byJ. A. Wade
Grabbed age and uth-Quartette-by Rev. J. s.
Stephens
Come, Fairies, trip it on the -glee-by J.
Parry
Down the dark waters--duett-by C. Jeffries
The mariner loves DER the waters to roam--by A.
Lee ...- ...'...
Sweet waltz-by C. F. Hebes,reit
Indian summer grand waltz-by I. Bricher
Four easy waltzes-by ]. B. Woodbury.
Lite ia a dIeam-grand waitz-by Strauss
Love not-a celebrated quicksep
independent Grey's quick step-by B. Reiss
Cazneau's quick step-by F. II. Brunn
Nix my Doily-a favorite quckstep
Village quickstep-by E. L. White
Jonnson's quick step g. Jones
Fra tanto aDgroscie, Rondo-by F. Hunter
Beethovens celebrated andante-arranged by II.
Herr
Favorite polka of the Rblne-by E. Wolff
Paris polka--by 2. Schubert
Romance sans pawles-S Thabcrg
Rubini polka--P. Schubert
Three favorite polkas--by c. Labitzky
Quadrilles les adieux-by V. Lazard
Ethiopian quadrilles, danced by the Virginia min
strels
La Gitana-by II. Herr
Chdrens party quadres Camelle Schobert
Rory o. Moore, with variations--by Z. b. Boilers
zewicz
She wore a wreath of roses with vara,ions--by
Valentine
Lady mine with variations
Kings singers daily practically G. M. King
A companion to the chor--by G. M King
Jenny get your hoe cake done, by Joe Sweeny.
Jim along Josey
Ole ViIgnny break down-by Joe Sweeny
De ole jaw bone-by Joe Sweeny
Ole Tare river-by Joe Sweeny
Jumbo Jum--by John Smith Dec. 7-3,i
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-04-24

NEW MUSIC
lust RECEIVED, the following pieces of New
- Music at the old established store two doors east
ofl2th street, Pennsylvania avenue.
W. FISCHER.
The Foresters-Words from ancient poetry
Tyrolienne--Music by Donizetti
Thy Heart is my Home-By Phillips
The Cot where we were Born--By the Hutchinson
Family
Excelsior-By the Hutchinson Family
Cape Ann do do do
The Poor Savoyard--By w. II. Montgomery
The Saint of Erin's Isle--By John H. Hewitt
The Parting Frends-By Edw. l.. White
There was Timely Jos. Philip Knight
The Cross Old Bacheor-By q. II. RodweII
The night before the Bridal-By George LindIcy
In the Cold Silly Nightly Sir Henry r. Bishop
Passing awey-by Edw. ]. Nelson
have gazed on the face OF the IoveIy--by Stsphen
g. MassiDg.
Cudjo's wild hunt-by the Ethiopian Serepnders
Knickerbocker waltz-by Lacner
Pemherton waltz--by James Hooton
Three grand wazes-by E. l.. White
On-ka-hye waltz
Me Caroline walrz--by LanneI
United States Grand March-by John @. Andrews
Mount Bowdoin Quick Step-by P. Strong
S3d regiment Quick Step-by Augustus j tanner
The Sea Shore--by c. Weiss
Young Pisnist's First Duet--by ]. Moschels
La Petite Fete--by 4. Burgmuer
Les Bellies Varsovennes-by Chas. Frederick Ru-
dolph
Rendo Irsndais--by =. Burgmuller
Thema from Donzettas Opera, L'Eli.ire. IA more
by T. BurgmulIler.
ian -
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-04-24

THE BUILDERS GUIDE Cheap - Hills
Builders Guide; the most modern and approved
methods adopted by skful architects in the various
departments of Carpentry, Joiuery, Masonry, and
Sculpture embracing all the details, and particularly
adapted to the wants of the less experienced, by
Chester Hills practical Architect, containing seventy
large folio plates drawn on large scale, and giving
also practical treatise the several orders OF Gre
clan, Roman, and Gothic style of building
The one complete in one large folio volume news
paper size J published at IL dollars few copies for
by F. TAYLOR; price S5 30.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-04-24
ANIMALS, SOUVENIRS, BOOKS FOR
CHRISTMAS

I UsT received by +. TAYLOR, The Diadem for
IS45, l volume quarto, bound with crimson
silk, with numerous eugravings.
Leaflets of Memory, for ls45, l volume octave.
bound and gilt, in white calf, containing many illus
trations and poe,cal and prose contributions.
The illustrated Books Of Christian Ballads. for
ls45, edited by Rufus w. Grswold.
The Literary Souvenir for ls45. The Gin for
IS45.
Orecles from the Poe,s--a new and Fanciful Di-
version Tor the Drawing Room-by Caroline Gill
man.
Poets and Poetry of Ensland-by r. w Girls
void, volume.
Beautiful editions of Shakespeare, Milton, Byron,
Campbell, Moore, and many other of the most pop
ular authors IN Poetry and Prose, some OF them
bsllished- f
Fine editions Of tho Bible; Prayer Books Of every
xnd and descriptions Books FOR young people in great
variety. dec is