Sentinel of the valley. [volume] (Woodstock, Va) 1841-1848, 1845-03-13

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their nature, tend to pervert it from its legiti-
mate'purposes, and make it the instrument of |
rections, classes, and individuals. We need
NO national banks, or other extraneous institu-
tons, planted around the government, to con
troll or strengthen it in opposition to the will Of
It's authors. EXPERIENCES has taught us how
unnecessary they are as auxiliaries OF the pub
lie authorities, how impotent fer good, and how
powerful for mischief
Ours was intended to be plain and frugal
government; and shall regard it to be my du-
y to recommend to Congress, and, as far as
the executive is concerned, to enforce by all
means within my power, the strictest ecanomy
IN the expenditure Of the public money, which
may be compatible with the public interests
A national debt has become almost an insti-
tuition Of European monarchies. 1t is viewed,
IN some OF them, as an essential prop to exist
ing governments. Melancholy is the condition
OF that people whose government can be sus-
famed only BY system which periodically
ansfers large amounts from the labors of the
many to the Golfers of the few. Such system
Is incompatible with the ends for which our re-
publican government was instituted. Under
wise policy, the debts contracted in our rev.
olution, and during the war of 1912, have been
happily extinguished By "a judicious applica-
ton OF the revenues, not required for other ne
c,ssary purposes, it is not doubted that the debt
which has grown out of the circumstances OF
the last few years may be speedily paid off
congratulate my fellow ditizens on the en-
tire restoration Of TIM credit Of the general gov
eminent Of the Union, and that of many of the
States. Happy would it be for the indebted
States, if they were freed from their liabilities,
many Of which were incautiously contacted
Although the government of the Union is nei-
Their in legal nor moral sense bound for the
debts of the States, and it would be violation
Of our compact of Union to assume them. yet
we cannot lu. feel deep interest in seeing all
the States meet their public liabilities, and paw
off their just debts, at the earliest practicable
period. That they will do so, as soon as it can
be done, without imposing too heavy burdens on
their citizens, there is no reason to doubt. The
sound, moral, and honorable feeling of the peo-
pleof the indebted States, cannot be questioned;
and we are happy to perceive settled DISPOSE
ton on their part, as their ability returns, after
season of unexampled pecuniary embarrass-
ment, to pay off all just demands, and to acqui
esce in any reasonable measure to accomplish
thai object. >
One of the difficulties which we have to en-
counter in the practicable administration of the
government, consists in the adjustment of our
revenue laws, and the levy of the taxes necessa-
~ for the support of government. In the gen
eral proposition, that no more money shall be
collected than the necessities of an economical
administration shall require, all parties seem to
ac4ulescence. Nor does there seem to be any ma
terlal difference ct opinion as to the absence of
right In the government to tax one section Of
the country, or one class of citizens, or one oc-
cupatlon, for the mere profit of another. ''Jus-
tce and sound policy forbid the federal govern
nent to foster one branch of industry to the de-
triment of another, to cherish the interests Of
one portion to the injury of another portion Of
our common country" have heretofore de-
eared TO my fellow citizens that, in 'smy judg-
ment, it rs the duty of the government to ex-
tend, as far as it may be practicable to do SO,
by its revenue laws, and all other means with (
in its power, fair and just protection to all the
great interests of the whole Union, embracing
agriculture, manufactures, the mechanic arts,
commerce, and navigation" | have also de-
clared my opinion to be Sin favor of tariff for
revenue" and that, sin adjusting the details
of such tariff, have sanctianed such moder-
ate discriminating duties as would produce the
amount of revenue needed and, at the same
time, afford reasonable incidental protection to
our home Industry" and that was Opposed
to tariff for protection merely, and not for re-
venue"
The power "to lay and collect taxes,
duties, imposts, and excises," was an
indispensable one to be conferred on
the federal government, which, with
out it, would possess nomeans of pro-
viding for its own support. In execu-
ting this power, by levying tariff of
duties for the support of government, the
raising of revenue should be the object, /
and protection the incident. To re-
verse this principle, and make protec-
ton the object, and revenuet the incident,
would be to inflict manifest injustice
upon all other than the protected inter-
ests. In levying duties for revenue,it
is doubles proper to make such dis
ordinations within the revenue prinei-
pie, as will afford Incidental protection
to our home interests. Within the
revenue limit, there is a discretion to
discriminate; beyond that limit, the
rightful exercise of the power is not
conceded. The incidental protection
afforded to our home interests by DIS
ordinations within the revenue range,
tits believed will be ample. In making
determinations, all our home interests
should, as far as practicable, be equal
ly protected. The largest portion Of
our. people are agriculturalists. Others
are employed in manufactures, COM
merce, navigation, and the mechanic
arts. They are all engaged in their
respective pursuits, and their joint la
bors constitute the national orhome in
dustry. To tax one branch of this
home industry for the benefit of anoth-
er, would be unjust. No one of these
interests can rightfully claim an adyan-
tage over the others, or to be enrlchec
by impoverishing the others. All are
equally entitled to the fostering care
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