davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
IL
first person. myself, is composed of the character
khau u the mouth, and roo II the

Chinese mineral 5. In this group, the character
ZOO evidently adds nothing to form its meaning
But il must be observed that its own sound becomes
the pronunciation of the Whoc group. A great num-
Der of words are thus found, in which one OF the
component parts adds nothing the RADICAL but lts
own sound or pronunciation. This class OF charac-
tiers which, next to the radicals, act the most mpor
tan part in the formation Of the written language OF
See Arte China, Prologo.
Kang He the second Emperor Of the Manchu Tartar
Dynasty, now the throne Of China, and Of the
greatest and most enlightened monarchs that empire
ever had. He was contemporary of Louis XIV, and
narque" Of France in the magncencc and ecat of his
reign and in the encouragement and protection he gave
to literature and men Of letters II by his orders
and personal collaboration that the great Dictionary OF
the Chinese Language was composed The most distn-
gushed ltcra Of the empire, the Han Lin, or Members
ofthe Academy Of Pekng commanded to undertake
the task Of collecting the abors Of preceding complers
and supplying their deficiencies. The results OF the
combined labors Of these work in one hun
drcd and thirty volumes, entitled Pei Wan Yum Foo, the
Sorehouse, Encyclopedia OF Letters Out OF this vo-
luminous work. abridgmcnhas been made in thirty
two volumes, and entitled Kangfe Iss' TEN This
work. copy of which the writer has brought with him.
gives each word accompanied by its pronunciation in
its meaning Monsieur Gallery, French priest at Ma
has undertaken the hercucan task OF the
volumnous Encyclopedia above mentioned which when
completcdwill be glorious monument OF indefatgabe
industry and profound cditon reared in any language
Padre Gonzalves in his Diccionsrio China Porfuguer
reduces the number Of geneos radicals to 49, sce
also his .9rfe China)
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10

tlon oh, ,could thai, the three characters hav-
ing this meaning only when used together. The
Chinese may be called, indeed, language of
phrases, the value of words being determined by
their position and connection with other words.
When, on pronouncing a single word, he is not un-
derstood by the listener, Chinese describes the
form of its written character in the air with his fan,
just as any one amongst us would spell the word
which is misunderstood.
The grammar of the Chinese language is very
simple. The words being invariable in their form,
admit OF no change, nor nfexions, either when
written spoken. The relations of nouns, of time
and place, the notifications of verbs, the opative
or conditional nature of propositions are construed
either from the position OF the words in the sentence
or by separate wordst In the composition of
the sentence the natural order is followed that is,
placing the subject FIRST the verb next and after it
the complement direct or indirect. The adjective
preccdes the word TO which it is 10 med the name
governed is placed before the verb which governs il
Thus the relative position of words and phrases sup
plies the changes and Infections used in the lam
guages Of the Western nations. The same word
may, in Chinese phrase, be now no un and now
verb, according to the position it occupies. This
is illustrated in the following two verses Of Chi
nese Ode on patience.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
ROAtOn.
Correspondence of the HERALD
BosroN, June Z, lS45.-2I =. NJ.

Il
| Bosros, June 7, ls45.-alP.M
| Capt F7opery Conrcted
The of the Sptfre, Capt Peter Flowery, in the
u s. District Court which has engaged the court for
six days has this moment decided The jury, after
an absence of upwards Of hour, have just come in
with verdict of guiltybut recommending the prisoner
to mercy.
The u. S. District Attorney Hon. Robert Rantoul Jr.,
has added aurels to his already exalted reputation
lawyer II is admitted on all sides that his closing
argument in this cause Of the brilliant and
powerful efforts that has ever been listened to at the SUI
iok bar In able speech of three hours, he
completely demolished the well managed and ingenius
defence set up by the prisoners counsel and IN clear
lucd succnct strain eloqucnce he rvetted the at
tenon of the jury to every point which weighed upon
the case from beginning to end The court room was
to the closing plea OF the counsel for the govern
ment Mr. Rantoul has outdone himself and the result
cannot but be atterng to his feelings under the circum
stances. -
The prisoner will be sentenced Monday. The
punishment less than imprisonment three years
and fine Of $1,000 than years and $4,000
fine
PrTrsBURG.-The committee appointed to dis
tribute the relief fund have made report of their
nation THE $50 900 subscription Of the de-
clined the amount received from other sources was
Sl34 there 3 persons ascertancd to have lost
each less than $780, altogether amounting to and
to those onehalf is recommended to be Pad 54 whose
losses are between 500 and 5000 EACH atogeher oeg
239 under $4,000; 90 under SiouV, ana . under
$50 and those to receive the balance oil the fund.-
after n reservation of 10000 TO meet future claims
which shall be- in the meanwhile, loaned at three per
cent per annum, to those losers who do not wish to
accept any Of the charity.
A H,euwAy ROBBERY AND ATTEMPT TO MURDER
Al half-past one O'Clock on Saturday morning,
Mr. Geo W. Isemnger butcher, of Southwark, Philadel
pha, going from his residence to his slaughter
house he overtaken between Third and Fourth
streets, near Wharton, and Immediately opposite the
Methodist Church. by two villains who came up behind
him, and Immediately knocked him down with buds
geons robbed him of about 500 which he had with hm
and then cut his forehead and attempted to cut his hroa
with a knife. Fortunately however his life was saved
by his neck-handkerchef, which was cut completely
through
EPISCOPAL CONVENTION IN McHIGAN.-lhe Epis-
copal Convention for the diocese of Michigan com
menced its session to-day the Bishop OF the diocese pre-
siding Some thirty of the clergy were in attendance,
and about sixty avmen. Last week steps were taken
for the formation Episcopal church lin this city,
this should been done two years agothe church
under the charge OF Bishop McCoskry has increased ass
tonishngly and the same remark will apply to ms
whole diocese. -Laringstops Detroit Letter, june o.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10

China, is called primitiues by English, diferencas
~ portuguese, and phonefiqnes by French writer's
Etner OF the last two denominations gives clearer
idea otthe functions of these characters difference,
says fadre Gonzaves, he una ieta que difference as
40 meso genera, que de ordinario thes da som on
pronnisnr'a." "DDerenca is letter which denotes
ne dlnerence between those of the same genus,
which commonly gives to them the sound or pro-
nunciatlon." But the denomination of ph0neftques,
or signs sound, adopted by French Snologiss, is
more appropriate and clearer. These primifiues or
phonetic characters, are about 1900 in number, and
by their various combinations with the PA radical
characters, all the words OF the language formed
Chinese grammarians, appropriately enough, call
these characters Mo 1Se, mother characters, as,
indie ed, by their union with any OF the radicals,
they give birth to numerous progeny OF words.
has thus been seen, that IN every Chinese group,
one part Chat the radically indicates the general
mi Gaming or class of ideas to which 1t belongs,
whilst the other part either defines it more clearly
by its own meaning, or distinguishes it from the
words OF the same class BY its peculiar pronuncla-
ton This peculiarly of the Chinese language, has
given rise, In the formation of their dictionaries, to
two methods. One, In which the words are CLASH
fled according to their meanings under the PA rad
Gals the other In which the words are arranged ac-
cordng to their pronunciation, as Is the case with
our own dictionaries The first method, and it is
the one adopted In the Kang He 1SS' Ten is the
simplest and BEST considering the peculiar nature of
Chinese words, since 1t is not necessary to know
the pronunciation of any word previous to looking
Tor Its meaning In the dictionary; 1t is only neces-
ga ry to know Its radical
The second method, used in some ancient Die
onares and in those of the provincial dialects Of
Kwang Tung (Canton) and Tukien, is full of incon-
venence, particularly to foreigners For whilst it
would require to know by heart the 1900 primitives
or phonetic signs, before making use of Dictionary
followng this method, it Is sufficient to know only
the II radicals to use the kang He Tsz Ilen. The
principal Inconvenience, however, of this method
lies in the fact that word of the Chinese language
has any natural connection with the sound given to
1t, and that the endless variety this gives rise to In
the pronunciation Of words, renders phonetic Die
tionary, for general throughout the empire, but
m imperfect assistance.
The symbolical characters are those which belong
Of words WHICH cannot Be re- presented
by graphic delineatlon, such, for instance, as
r. X
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
business,ta

characters are mere arbitrary signs like the Arabic
numerals, which symbols OF quantity and num-
bers, without having any natural connection with
them.
The Chinese language is monosyllabc;, that is,
each word is pronounced but as one syllable. The
number of all the syllable sounds in the language,
as used in Morrison's Syllable Dictionary, is All
it consequently follows that syllable serves tor
the pronunciation Of great number of words, hav-
ing different meanings This peculiarly, however,
does not produce the inconvenience and obscurlty
in conversation which we apt to anticipate
from it. Homophonous words are very numerous
in several European languages, particularly IN the
English and French, without producing any obscu-
rlty in conversation because the various accents,
even the slightest ntonatons, and the collocation
of the words the sentences, assist to right their
derstanding Thus for instance the words head, had
bread bred, bold, bald, write, right rite, wright, &C.,
and in French the words comte, count, compile, an
account, Uers, a verse; Uers, towards, Uerd green,
ue,Te, glass, ptr, worm, are all pronounced ex-
actly alike, and yet without being mistaken in a
spoken sentence for another. In Chinese, 1t Is
true, Homophonous words much more numer
ous there being forty fifty words pronounced by
the same sound, but by the use OF four different
tones for each word, according to the different &C
ceptation in which it is taken, by strong and weak
aspirates, the original number OF syllable sounds
is greatly increased In the. Fan Han, or Tonic
Dictionary of the provincial dialect of kwang Tung
Ca h uo no OF III
misunderstood two words differently pronounced are
often used instead of one, each serving COM
mentary to the other. For instance the word Kan
~ means to see, but there being many words
of different meaning pronounced Kan, the Chi ne Sc
in this case say Kan r''' II Il to see.
L7Ak
look. The word x''"s' 1H means to speak,
and to avoid its being mistaken for another word of
the same pronunciation, they say keang H,ca
RE
IF + to speak words. Those COM
pound expressions may, in fact, be considered as
single words. There other compounds which.
though consisting of two or three distinct charac-
tiers, yet form but single words; such as for
instance. '''' TY& or GOO ,'
~ ~ TX without law. or like h. Eng
ish compound expression ia,c-less, pa poo teh
e. T If passionate ''s''"'-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10

Thus the whole word, Pe-ic-setie,l-fe conveys, as
nearly as possible, to Chinese ear the sound ofre-
sderf whilst at the same time it contains the idea
of Chief Magistrate, who governs according to
the principles of reason in a Western land.
Difficulties in regard to the pronunciation of GER
tain letters exist in Western languages though
not to the same extent. The sound of the Spanish
iota cannot be written in the French language, nor
can the French (as in juge0 be represented by
English letters The ridiculous blunders re-
proach to the Chinese, when they pronounce or
write foreign names committed to the same ex-
tent when foreigners attempt to pronounce Chinese
words Thus, for instance, Hung-fu-tsz, we pro-
nounce Confucils of Meng Tsz we make Memci,es,
Kwang Tung, we transform into Canton. The Chi
nese word cli.en, a vessel, has been adopted in the
English vocabulary under the disguise of Junk: But
the most curious tarestie OF Chinese words, is that
of Tsung Tub, the title of the Governor General of
Canton and which in the mouth OF foreigners be-
came transformed into John Idk.*
| conclude this essay with the following sentence
of Pere Premare, who certainly the most quail
fed by his profound studies, to express opinion
on the Chinese language
sThe richness, beauty and force, of this lam
puape arising from the use of certain characters,
from various PARTICLES and from numerous figures
of speech, challenge our admiration to wonderful
am sir, with high regard,
Your very obj servt,
S. HERNIsz,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
THE NEW YORK HERALD.
JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Proprietor.
Circulation---Forty Thousand.

DAILY HERALD-Every day. Price cents pei
copy-H IS per annum-payable in advance.
WEEKLY HERALD-Every Saturday-rricc 81 cents
per copy-S3 l2B cents per annum-pHyable in advance
ADVERTISEMENTS at the usual prices-always
cash in advance.
PRINTING Of al kinds executed with beauty and
despatch
70 All letters or communications, by mail, addressed
to the establishment must be post paid the postage
viii be deducted from the subscription money RENTED
JAMES GORDON BENNETT
PROPRIETOR THE New YORK HERALD EST ABLrsHmErr
Northwest cornar of Fulton and Nassau streets
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
+ 10 M jim
~ ~
F. Pin e Pin
3 ''
jim Pin Kyo
Ko Pin jim

The song of patience universal
OF universal patience sings
The word Ko, a substantive in the first line be-
comes verb in the second only from It's position
In their poetcal compositions and IN all their hne
writings, the Chinese use very few or none OF those
See Arte China, Prologo.
Grammairc do la lsngue Chneoisc, by Abel Re-
musat.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10

FORE began TO be contracted and otherwise alt cred
These gradual alterations have, in the cou rise Of
ages, efiaced the original hieroglyphic form in the
those now most in use, in printed books, official
documents, and generally in all important papers,
the number of characters which, at first glance
show their hleroglyphc form, is very small. Such
are amongst others the characters Khau
the mouth r'.'s ''''. "a y y
wings. Nan. F7. door. ss.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
Late Attache of the U. S. Mission to China
Washington, 9th May, 1915.

this is equal to the pun made by the wags of
Paris on the of Wellington pronouncing it pidin
ton =.
Notitia Linguae sinicae, by Pere Premare, chap.
H. This excellent work, the best incontesaby to I'M
part knowledge Of the genius OF the ohinese Ian.
ruage was under press Macao when the writer left
that city in an English translation by Mr. Bridgman
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10

III NM LBS. OLD FlLEs but little used, for sale
lO,OOO Also lot Of File Steel and Tools for File
making worthy the attention Of and smiths APP
py al No 1855 Water street NV Ia mFrc
DYSPEPSIA, OR BLUE DEVILS
SAFE, speedy and ectual cure, those that are aict
N this obstinate tormentinx disorder OF the d.
gestye organs will be found TURNER'S DYSPEPSIA RE.
NEEDY This remedy has been used successfully IN private
practice Physician Of emnence for years and has never
Jailed in single instance.
OWENS 800 Bowery, Of Bond street. Price per bot
tie. AZ 1msec
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
wings, Mum

But the mere abbreviaton and alteration OF the orr
glnal Thoroughbred signs was evidently not sufIi-
clent to render them complete vehicle of thought
With the advancement Of society and the increase
OF knowledge, signs became necessary to express
ideas which could not be represented by the usual
painting process. This doubtless had led the an
cent Egyptians to use phonetic signs, that is to say
signs tor sound only, like our letters in order to be
able to write the sounds of such words which were
in use in their oral language, and which could be
either imperfectly, or not at all represented by HE
roglyphics. The Chinese, who had always remain
ed Ignorant Of this ingenious invention, supplied the
defects of their system by the following peculiar and
not less ingenious contrivance.
They chose certain number of their ancient
characters denoting the most common objects in
nature and constituted them the heads of classes or
species of ideas. Each of these characters became
the representative of all the ideas which in near
remote, in a natural or metaphorical sense, had
any relation to its original meaning. Each OF these
characters was, IN consequence, attached as COM
ponent part to every word which denoted an idea
having something in common with it, however re-
mote that connection may be. To render this in
telllglble, it is necessary to give few examples
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10

meaning, but enters as component part in all those
words which express an idea that can be suggested
by the properties Of the sun. Such as day, light,
clearness, brightness, understanding, the seasons
change, revolution, &c. The character Khaw
the mouth enters as a component part in
all the words, the meaning Of which has some con-
by it, such as eating, drinking, sound, words, con-
versation, language, eloquence, music, &c. In the
same manner the character kin r gold,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
PORTER,
ALE AND CfDER R.
JOHN j. STAFF'S

PORTER,
ALE AND CIDER.
JOHN j. STAFF'S
BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENT,
NO. ANN STREET next door to the American Museum,
generally for the very liberal share OF patronage already
ceive hopes by business
tnuance.
FIRST QUALITY
philadelphr Porter Newark Cider,
Croton Ale London Brown Stout,
and Scotch Ale,
Orders for shipping attended 10 with despatch mill
THE "THORN CHAMPAGNE"
THE UNDERSIGNED will hereafter have constantly
hand for sale article Of Champagne Wine Of
passed. and probably unequalled quality: :.
The subscriber has appointed sole Agent the United
States for the Manufacturer. :. -
guarantee Of its superiority Colonel Herman Thorn OF
Paris has allowed impression Of his seal % be Affixed e each
ciate.
Respecting this wine Col Thorn thus wrtes-"It is Of
for years past"
The attention Of private gentlemen, Hotel keepers and the
Parties desiring asummer supply should make msdats ap
plicaton. c. LIVINGSTON,
al9 I'm No. 10 Wall street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10

.kS6 FOR LIVERPOOL-To sail on the 18th june
Ek1EA% The splendid, fast sailing ship SUSAN G. HOW
Aes.ELL, Captain Bailey: can accommodate few more
yap passengers IN superior House Deck, ct very
JOHN HERDMAN,
Q,utb
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1845-06-10
TANG HwA; OR
THE CHINESE LAWauAaE.

From Dr g. He',iss, late Ahachs to the us. MIR
SION to China, ON the
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1845-09-18
MARTlNsBURG MARKET.
BALTIMORE MARKET. J

American Office. September Is, l845. (
BEEF CATTLE.--The supply of Beeves at mar
ket to-day was considerably larger than that of the
past week. The demand though not quite So se-
tive, fair, and sales to a moderate extent
made. but the prices obtained show decline in the
best quality. The offerings at the scales amount
ed to VA head of which rs remain unsold. 1874
head we're driven to PhiIadep hia, and all Of the
balance, 595 head, were purchased by city butch
ers al s2ss2 so per 100 lbs. the hoof-equa 10
| s3.50ss4 IS nett.
| Hoes The market is fully supplied with live
Hogs and sales have been made at $3.50 for com
mon to IS for prime few OF choice quality
brought SOFA. The demand is fair,
| FLOUR There is very liue inquiry for Howard
Flour, and in every respect the market is in
the same state which existed the time Of closing
our last report. The ruling price is $3.50 at
which rate sales OF small parcels have been made
from stores. The receipts continue light and the
stock hand comparatively small We quote
the receipt price from at 81 37a. We tote
sales to-day Of 1900 bbls. City Mills Flour at 81 50.
GRAIN The supplies of Wheat al market to-
dsy small and mostly from Virginia. The
market opened with active demand fr m ship
peTs, aud sales were freely made at 81 % cents
for good to prime reds which IS an advance. Oae
very prime lo brought SO cents Later in the
day the demand was less active, and it is duubtful
whether these prices could be now obtained We
quote good to prime VIII tc Nheatat 90 100 cts.
Sales ot Com al 46 a 80 cents for white and 40
cents fr yellow. We quote Oar. at 30 3 cents.
BAcOs.-The,e is only moderate request fp
Bacon, which is usually the case in the ea' y patt
Of the week Sales are generally in small lots at
our LOST quotations which are ~ follows, VIII
shoulders II a u cents; SIDES ~ cents; as
sorted 3 IA cents and Hams IS 10 cents.
NHIsKgY.-Ihete was an actve demand TODAY,
and nestly all the stock in market was taken 81 %
cents for hhds and % cents for hbs. The market
is now nearly qaue bare of the article.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1845-09-18
ENDED m srroEu.
"Beaf tie sheep skin-bl9w the hfs,
And march 10 training ofdeTi
Our way 1. threngh ibe wilderness

And march 10 training order;
OR way l. shfengh ibe wilderness
And oil along the border"
A friend has given Us peep at the wash
iaglon Union, and though we ars just ready 70 90
to press. we must stop 10 let our readers hear a
crow or two firm General RitcAis over Mexico.
The Union gives the substance Of the despatches
received BY our Government from Mexico u which
we have alluded in our article under the head Of
News from the South" These dispatches repre-.
sent the new slexican Cabinet opposed 10 the var;
and even IL otherwise disposed, they are without
The means to carry on war; it is with d fiieuisy
they can raise means to deffsy the daily expenses
Of Government. The war excitement has subsi-
ded among the people. General Paredes absolute
" refuses TO march against Texas. and has repair
ed 10 Mexico, and Others have followed his exam
aEple. The Mexicsns are represented power
less without money, without credit torn to pieces
by Internal feuds and on the eve of revolution,
which will overthrow the present government. Par
edes il is said, is aiming 20 become dictator, and
is backed In bis plans by Tornel and Vaenci.
This is true picture Of the poor, miserable, pow
eny stricken, half-saysge Mexican people. and il
the reader will only imagine General Richie dress
ed up in soldiers coat--wilh chspesu and
plumes set kimbo on his bead-a big wooden
sword in bis hand--hs mouth and heart chock Jaii
of glory marching up and down his Editorial
Sanctum, be can well appreciate the following
graaditoqneat Larst Of glory with which he CON
cludes The important information. Listen, Oh /! ye
progressioes, and Wings give ear, for this great
Dnion--the States Of Texas aud Austin included
Stands in an eierated position, by the side of
Mexico!! The General says Titus pass off
the gasconades and busters Of Mexico In what
elevated position Goes country stand in com
parison with her; and our bold and prompt admin
istratiOa, with its wise precautionary measures,
compared with the hesitattag, discouraged, dis
pirited, disorgaaized, ana revolutionary army and
officers Of Meaico." Truly fly has been baiiied,
and the "bold naturalization" with Central
Richie included, look out with prize and sstistac-
ton upon the bioodtess fields Of their reaowa. This
is glory enough Tor one day"