The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1845-02-07
Frgn q. Natiansl Mtelligsae.r.
THE TREATY WITH CHINA

greater part vi the documents communl-
Gated with The Treaty to the Senate, we
have selected from those documents for
immediate publication the following paper,
which, for all practical uses, will be more
interesting TO our readers than even the
Treaty itself, because 1t gives our Minis.
ter 5 own view of the character aud bear
q, ings of The Treaty:
From Mr.. Cushing ,othe Secretaryof STATE.
Macao, July 5, lsli.
I SIR: ! have the honor To enclose To YOU
4 copy o, the Treaty Of Wang tiiya, as
( signed on the Sd instant.
On examining this document, YOU will
| find in the first place, that, 10 the descrip.
I ton of the contracting palties, the Ian.
/ gnage Of the stipuations, and the mode of
the execution, the style Of perfect equali-
/ ty bctaccn the United States aud China
has been sedulously observed, and | may
add, that this has been carefully attended
( To in the Chinese as well as the English
duplicate of the Treaty.
You will perceive, in the second place,
that this Treaty contains many provisions
which ARE not embraced either in the En-
glsh Treaty Of Marking, or in the Trea.
" supplementary thereto, which compre-
bends The Tariff and the commercial reg.
ulatinns.
FrSt The Tariff is amended, by the
reduction of the duties on some articles of
American production, and by fixing, with
greater precision, what goods are contra.
band or subjects of monopoly.
There is nothing in the English treaties
to Limit the power Of the Emperor in the
exclusion OF articles of import or export.
Thus he might render all commercial
privileges nugatory, by prohibiting the ex.
portali n of tea and silk, and the imporia-
( lion Of cotton or cotton fabrics; OF he
nigh, obsiruct the commerce in these or
any other articles, By making them the
subjects Of close monopoly, as is now the
case with salt.
THIS is guarded against in the treaty Of
Wang Hiya, by making the objects Of con
/ Iraband and monopoly II matter Of siipula.
ton between the Governments. And no
notifications Of the tariff are to be made
without the consent Of the Cuited States
Second. BY the English treaties, the
Consul rs security for the paym"nt OF du.
hes, and is bound to prosecute for all in.
fractions Of the revenue laws of China.
This is 10 transfer to the British Gov.
crnmenl the oticc and responsibility of pay.
ing duties, which involves much of regu.
lal n and of form IN the prosecution Of
trade, which experience has areadv shown
to be announcement to the suhlcc, rs well as
the Government OF Great Britain. All
this is avoided in the treaty OF Wang hi.
va, by making duties payable IN cash
which is perfectly acceptable to the mer.
Of business in China.
Third. New provision is made in the
amplest manner for the trade, from pot 10
port, in Chinr.
A slip which, having touched at Can
ton, has there paid tonnage duties, and dis
charged par, of her cargo, may proceed
with The residue To any other port in Chs.
nl, without beiug subject 10 the pay ment Of
tonnage duty second time aud goods
which have been landed, and paid duty at
( one Of the ports Of China, mag, al ans
lime, be reexpored 10 any other port Of
+ China, without being subject TO any fur
Their duty. This alter provision ~ equiv.
aeni to a warchouslng system for all The
coast { China.
! Fourth. Due provision is made for the
recognition and personal dignity and socu-
/ rlty Of consul., or any other officers whom
the Government Of tie United States may
see fit to appoint for the supcrint, ndcnce
Of orr trade 10 China.
Ffih In regard TO the payment Of du.
hes, various Provisions are iuse ted, for
The convenience of our commerce, with
respect 10 the mode Of payment, and,
among others, that merchandise may be
landed from time to time, rs may he con-
Yenicni, duty beng paid on the articles on.
Is when they are landed, aud that vessels
may, within limited time, depart, it they
please, without breaking buk.
Sir h. CilZens Of tho United States
are To have all accommodation al each OIL
the FIVE ports, not on y as heretofore IN the
cohsruc ion of dwelling houses and maya
zines, but also Of churches, cemeteries aDC
hospitals.
s, zenith. Provision is made fur Tho
employment, by Americans, Of persons Il
teach the languages Of the empire; anr
the purchase OF ,oks is legal zed: il lmv
ing been tho custom heretofore for ih'
Chinese Government TO persecutc aud op
press such Of its subjects rs either gave IN
,lructnn or sold books TO foreigners II
China which circumstance has been
great obstacle 10 the study Of the langla
ges Of China, and the acquisition Of th'
means Of satisfactory Intercourse with 1t
Government.
Etghh. All Americans in China are L
be deemed subject only to the jurisd'c
ion Of their own Government, both i
, criminal matters and IN questions Of cI'I
} night.
shall have occasion hereafter TO enlc
into these subjects somewhat 10 detail, an
10 suggest to tie President The oXpedicnc
OF recommending 10 Congress the enact
a 81 Il ,F...ttf II.