Wilmington journal. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1844-1895, 1845-03-07

its destruction. To secure continuance Of ~.
devotion, the compromises of the constin;o"
must not only be preserved, but sectional ieaom'
ies and heartburnings must be discountenapc.s
and all should remember that they are mcmbe,. :.
the same political family, having common d.,,;
nv, To increase the attachment of our peonl. =.
the Union, our laws should be just. ANY poG'~
which shall tend to favor monopolies, O. the =.
culiar interests of sections classes, must on.
rate to the prejudice of the interests Of their s
low.citizens, and should be avoided. II the con-
ortmises of the constitution be presersed,-if .~
tional iealousies and heart burn,ngs be discoup.,
anced-if our laws be just, and the governm.n,
be practically administered strictly within the lin
it's of power prescribed to tive may discanI Az
apprehensions for the safety of the Union.
With these views Of the nature, character. .na
objects of the government, and the value Of IN.
Union. shall steadily oppose the creation Of
those institutions and systems which, in their n..
ture tend to pervert it from its legitimate puma
ses, and make it the instrument of sections, cas.
ses. and individuals. We need no nationalbank,
or other extraneous Institutions, planted around
the government to control or strengthen it in on.
position to the will of its authors. Experience
has taught us how unnecessary they are as auxl.
iares of the pubic authorities. how lmpotent for
good, and how powerful for mischief.
Ours was intended to he plain and frugal 20.
vernnent and shall regard it to be my duty to
recommend TO congress and, as far as the execu.
tive is concerned is enforce by all the WITH
in my power. the strictest economy in the expendi
ture of the money, which may be compatible with
the public interests.
national debt has become almost an instiu.
ton of European monarchies. It is viewed, in
some Of them, as ard essential prop to existing
governments Melancholy is the condition Of
that people whose government can be sustained
only by system which periodically transfers larg.
amounts from the labor of tho many to the cofen
of the few. Such system is Incompatible with
the ends for which our republican government
was instituted. Under a wise policy. the debts
contracted in our revolution, and during the Wat
! of 1872 have been happily extlnguished. by
judicous application OF the revenues, not required
for other necessary purposes, 1t Is not douoted that
the debt which has grown out OF the crcumsisn.
ces of the last few years may be speedily paid Of.
congratulate my fcllow-citizens on the entire
restoration of the credit of the general government
of the Union. and that of many of the staes.-
Happy would it be for the indebted states if they
were freed from their liabilities many of which
were incautiously contracted. Although the goe
eminent ofthe Union is neither in q legal nor
moral sense bound for the debts of the states, and
it wc.'d be violation Of our compact Of Unioa,o
, assume them, yet cannot but feel deep inter.
est in seeing all the states meet their public abil
ities and pay off their just debts, at the earliest
/ practicable period That they will do So as soon
as it can be done without imposing too heavy bur
dens on their citizens there is reason to doubt
The sound, moral. and honorable feeling of the
people of the indebted States cannot lie question
ed; and we are happy to perceive settled dispo.
sition on their part as their ab!lit returns, after
: season Of unexampled pecuniary embarrassment,
to pay off all just demands. and to aequiesce ins
!; ny reasonable measures to accomplish that Object
t One of the difficulties which we have had 10
encounter in the practical administration of the gS
vcrnment, consists in the adlustncrt of our even.
Tie laws, and the levy of the taxes necessary for the
n support of government. In the general PROPOSE.
s ton, that more money shall be collected than
the necessities of an economical administration
S shall require, all parties seem to acquescc. Nor
If does there seem to he any material difference of
opinion to the absence of right in the govern
mcnt to tax section Of country, or one class OF
citizens occupation, for the mere profit OF
e another. Justice and sound policy forbid tho ie'
eral government to foster one branch Of ndustyto
IF the detrnent of anoth to cherish the Interests
e of one portion to the injury of another portion Of
n our common co':ntry." | have heretofore declared
W to my fellow citizens that, in my judgment, it is
the duty of the governm mt to extend. as TAR as 1t
d may be practicable to do so, by its revenue laws,
S. and all other means in lis power. fair and just pro
lection to all the great interests of the whole UnIo
g. embracing agriculture, manufactures the mechanic
ID arts, commerce, and navigation" have also de-
IN Cared my opinion to he Gin favor OF tariff orreV
of nue." and that "in adjusting the details OF such
if tariff, have sane. ,ned such moderate discnmna
rs ting duties would produce the amount ofreV
er needed, and at the same time. afford reasonable
is incidental protection to our home industry, and
to that was "opposed to tariff for protection mere
n Iy, and not for revenue"
IL The power 'to lay and collect taxes. duties lm'
h. posts, and excuses" was an indispensable one oH
re conferred on the federal government, which. With
n out it, would possess no means Of providing tori
10 own support. In executing this power by evylns
ct tariff Of duties for the support Of government tho
I'd raising of reueIe should be the object and prottt
ton the ;:cidelt. TO reverse this principle ana
nr make protection the object, and reuenuc the "e,
te dent would be to inict manifest injustice upon ~
10 other than the protected interests. In levyn9 W.
ties for revenue it is doubtless proper to make suA
is determinations within the reue1anc prtnciPe' I"
&c will! a1rd incidental protection to our home ine
a ests. Within the revenue limit there IS dlse1e
to ton to discriminate beyond that limit. the nsn'
st tui exercise OF the power is not conceded Inc W
n cidental protection afforded to our home Interest,"
o. by Determinations within the ravenue range u
~ believed will be ample In making Discrimination
IL all home interests should far practicaD
Ii be equ'lly protected. The largest portion OF or
cs people are agriculturists. Others employed u
lie. manufactures, commerce, navigation, and the me-
IN chanlc arts. They are all engaged in their respc
e. tive pursuits and their joint Iabors constitute 'ns
nd national or home industry. To tax one branch %
Al this home industry for the benefit fanohcr wouu
IN be unjust. No one of these interests rishtu:
at ~ claim an advantage the Others. or to he en-
rlched by impoverishng the others. All arc equ't
mt ly entitled to the fostering and protection
to the government. In exercising sound discretion
a. in levying discriminating duties within the inh