New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1845-11-29
THE TRIBUNE.
HIM. James Tailmadse's Address before the
American Institute.

npnth Annual L air Ol INC A!!eIeo!i iDo'''N'0' ~
uor JAMES TALLMaDGE, is before Us in pamphlet
form An imeerfsc, and in some respects erroneous
rspor, of this Address appeared in The Tribune OF
Oct o. but we do not deem il necessary TO correct
the errors of that report in detail nasmuch as every
,erson interested in the matter can now possess him
elf Of the Address in an authentic form Gen.
Tallnadce did not contne himself 10 the calculation
of anv single topic but dwell, briefly upon a variety
Of points naturally suggested by the occasion, and
filling within the scope of the American Institutes
abors and plans. Internal Improvements, Agri-
culture, Commerce and the Mechanic Arts-their
mast and present condition in our Country-al re-
csived a. share of attention. The Address abounds
in facts Familiarity presented which prove that our
Country is making advances in Agricultural and
Mechanical Industry which find no parallel IN any
other nation on the globe. Of the Internal Improve
ments of this State he says:
N,r. York entered upon her system of Internal I'm.
urovements She adopted her canal policy and pledged
her fortune and her sacred honor for ts consumina-
ton Her Erie and her Champain canals have been
COMPLETED. The original costs were upward OF nine
millions of dollars and the tolls received Tor the present
year Qs45] TWO millions and halt OF dollars Inc
lands along the extended lines OF her canals are made
avaabe also those OF the whole state are greatly
increased value. Its mineral wealth OF Iron and salt
are available.
The State OF Vr-non has the means OF transportation
and market provided for all her productions But We
must West from Buffalo for the national and mate
rial benefits from the Erie canal Transportation and
market opened TO all the upper lakes The govern
ment lands thousands of miles OF their shores are
made accessible and available for sale and settlement
In earnest OF the facilities and increased value OF all Inc
upper lakes yonder this is alarge mass OF copper
ore Lake Superior sent here ms specimen IN COM
petition with other ores Buffalo has become Inc sea
nor, for the commerce of the lakes and has thereby
Quaduped its population The villages on the line OF
this have grown into towns aud the towns have
become cities
TROY and Albany have each quadruped their popua-
ton under this commerce from the canals An o.
fetal report shows the trade the canals In 1871, was
nlnety.,wo millions OF dollars valuation, which has now
grown 10 more than hundred millions. The bosom
OF the noble Hudson is covered with vessels OF transport
alton and the busy mum of in the industrious pur-
OF commercial enterprise, continually resounds on
every part Gifts shores.
This CITY 10 which this mighty tide from the far West
is setting onward and which could only claim her one
hundred thousand inhabitants, when the system OF the
Internal improvements of this State was adopted can
now count including the suburb villages appended 10
her. population OF tour hundred and fifty thousand IN
habitants May be said within the limits oil truth,
that the nine millions dollars expended Tor the Ere
aud Chsmpan canals if extended in the estimate oil pub
lie benefits, ninety and nine millions would Yet DC
short oil the reality
Pennsylvania has twenty thousand square miles
Of Coal district. The Coal delivered this year has
enabled her TO pay the interest on the Canal Debt
and wipe OFT the stain OF detalcation and imputed
fraud Before this source Of domestic supply was
opened 10 us, the price of imported Coal IN this
marke, varied from SIS to sag per chaldron. The
saving TO the public from this cannot be less
than Sl0,oo0,o0o.
The doctrines of the Institute in relation TO Gov
ornamental Protection opposed 10 the iallaccs of
oil ou1 DSf lI'
the references which follow
reference to few cases will Illustrate the pre-
ceiing explanation
In lae comuercal regulations established between in
dependeu, countries is just aud usual ,kGt regard
should BE- had IN tie rights and Prc'tSeS gTGhted 6y ne
oasO The rights and prtosses anood by ne 0h.er 4his
is relative EQUALITY which cairn IN be re-
rarded To give where we gei-and set EheTe zee Siec
American flour Cuba Is subjected 70 duty OF
$l0 per barrel AT Rio Janero tue duty 10 81 ana al
Venezuela II 81 Other cases can be added 70 these
examples In for this, by our commercial ar
rangements receive their staple Coffee free ~ dHy
This is Free Irdde ~
Under an act OF Congress duty is levied coffee
imported aud which paid by American vessels. while
Dl,e vessels have treaty, made under former ad
mnis,raion allowing them 10 bring cargo2s including
coffee duty free.
Mr. Secretary BIBD Determined the treaty and the
law each have their operation; and administer
ed the treasury
MWalker 10 correct this has recently issued an or
pat foreign uesels batter IA our ports man our
resses and directing the duty to be levied. The
Dutch has order repeal their treaty THIS
Is only Free Trade but iile more So IL Is SAID
there is suother'-and another axe treaty
The duty under the present Tariff OF England on total
articles which sue actually receives from the United
States Is al Grtedg OF ~ per cent Inc discrimination
pe'".eh Ae raw material and the manufactured iuie
thsue by her occasions wide difference Deduct the
Cotton she lakes duty tree. as raw material Tor her
manufactures aud the average duty Is over 3oo per cent
On all articles the product OF the United States.
Under our Tarit OF lsi2 all articles subject 10 Guty
me average rate is j. per the articles imported III
Isii duty Tree amounted nearly twenty-five millions
OF collars This SUN being included the amount and
the average oil DUTY ON the total reduced 10 ~
Per cent Thus our commercial srrangem with Eng
land are II per cent against her ~ per cent on all ar
Giles imporied-or - per cent against her $50 per cent
On all articles imported subject 10 duty-,hat Is not In
Guiding articles duty free received b. Add
ms she has discriminating duty in favor of her colo
nes c, AZ per cent
This Ia tot quite yet case Of free trade and re-
qulfed 10 make q farther reduction OF our duties.
uains The war OF 1872 with England law passed
70 encourage American seaman, and giving bounty on
vessels employed i'll the fisheries OF four doers per ton
shu seniy ceEts barrel sh cured with fUretyn sGG
AUG sivried The law has since been contnued anu is
now III iurce
England laid duty OF Sc barrel (uow 81 on foreign
nsh and cuues on foreign timber, lumber agricultural
PRODUCTIONS, &c 20 higa To be prohlOitury, and adj
nitng the articles from her tree OF duty.
lhen came our new treaty oil reciprocity trade and
ee1nerce with Hfeai Britain (1tVt ttciuGiIS her c0u
Ak, and by which ncr ships admitted INTO our
Ro.Is Oh the same footing own. They come
te.xhied with salt her manufacturers ana reload
WIN n,h timber lumber. and sometimes the produce of
osr agriculture. and ss-not Tor England where the
ses are prohbitcry. but for her colony oil New Bruins
mex where they touch and the vessels and carsoes
Zen 70 home tree Of G.ly No American vessel al.
sSed IN ihIs uade
As employed In the year ls4i. Their crews averaged
aptn eignt 10 ten men, showing that 2oOoV British sea
Cen were thus employed IN this American carrying
Isde by way Of New. 81 unswlck-
The patriotic legislation 10 create carrying uaue 0Hu
eauiseTy Tor American seamen. has oeen turned 'ne
east end nrst by diplomatic arrangements ana Tue
sehy the fisheries paid from the treasury VI 'ue
sated states now serves nursery Tor brusn scaie4
his u a.o Il case oil Free Trade under ueal! vi res
sety with winch all those content, VINO enuehFot
: Prevent encouragement - domestic industry al"
| to re,ard rather than develop the resources oil Tue
eeSnny
like circui,cus trade carried from the Southern
touching Jamaica, the BerHiudiS, or some Dr.
auind, and thence home from Inc colony WIN 'neii
goes free of duty.
souie OF the OF Free Trade 'tde only VIII
crse" irom Report made to Congress by the Na'a'
s,iise, which that of 100 600 seannen SAIL
OF the United safes only 0UO were Auiericaus-
,b ONO ship OF the line sailed from New-lorx on
w. years Cruise. with of 900 men, only Isl oi
~, sa were Americans. Others oil our public vessels
I'm s.av,