Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1845-12-04

On arriving Rio dc Junco kis passage. the
his ecath had hsc'nc critical that ev the advice o h
medical attendants, he returned The United Satcs carl
IN the month Ut October last. Commodore Bddc. CON,
mandg tie East India lasdroa. sedci his
IN the Columbus, ana MAS 'h,Sei 10y the commissions
with the duty OF exeaue with the proper authorizes tn
ratification Of tho atly concluded with the Empe
OF China. Since the o the commissioner IL i
United States his health has been much improved aud h.
encTtHius the confident belief that he will soon DC able
proceed on his mission.
Unfortunately difference, continues To- exist among SOM
Of the nations Of South America, which, following
aope, have established their independence while IN Others
internal dsscnsions prevail Ii is natural hst symps
es should be warmly enlstod for their welfare; that
should desire that all between them shou
be amcably adjusted, and their aGninscre'
IN the rights and promote the proSpe
OF their people. contrary however, Ia our settled po
cy 20 n;eere in their controversies whether external
internal.
have thus advered To all the subjects connected wifi
foreign relations. which deem necessary cal
you, attention. Oar policy is only peace with all bu
good will towards all the Powers of the earth. hile
Just s require that all shall be just IA
reptng the differences with Mexico and Great Britain oa
relations With all civilized nations OF the most saii,ic
tory charEcter IL is hoped that IN this eughencd
these differences may bc amicaby adjusted.
The Secretary Of Treasury in his ANNUAL r-por;
Congress, will communicate iI statement OF the cond
Of finances The imports for the fiscal year end
ing the 3Jt OF June last were OF the value OF one
hundred aud seventeen millions two hundred and iiy
four thousand i've hundred and four dollars. which
the exported fifteen millions three hundred aud
iOry-sK thousand eight hundred and thirty dolss-leAy-
ing balance OF one hundred and millions nine hun
bred end thousand hundred aud thir,
dollars for domestic consumption. The exports the
wear value one hundred and fourteen
millions six hundred and forty six Thousand sx hundred
and dollars, OF which. the OF domestic articles
niue niue millions t~ hundred and ninety thou
sand hundred and sevensiS dollars TIC receipts
into the treasury during the year
millions hundred and siNynne thousand hnn-
bred and thirtyhree dollars aud hsif cents; Of which
there derived from customs, twenty millions
five hundred and eight thousand hundred and
twelve dollars and cent; sales Of public lands
mi hlus mud
lsos and thirty and from incidental and misceane
sources, hundred end three thousand
hundred and ninety.ccht dollars aud ty The
expenditures for the PERIOD twenty nine millions
hundred and sNiyeisht thousand hundred aud
SIX dollars and ninety eight cents; OF which, eigh, millions
hNc hundred and eighty eight thousand hundred aud
fifty dosrs sud .iSy-two applied the
payment Vt the public debt. The balance ia the
the OF July last seven millions SIX hundred end
fifty eight Thousand three hundred AMI dollars and
ty-two cents.
the Of tho public debt remaining unpaid the
first OF October last, seventeen millions seventy five
thousand tour hundred and tory live coss and htvu
cents Furihe: payments OF the public debt would have
been made, patton OF the period its reimbsre
under the authority conferred upon the Secretary
tue Treasury by the ct July FIRST, ISL and Of
Apr. fifteenth, 1912. and March third, si3 had the
unsettled eta,e OF our relations with MeIIco menaced
h s'ile collision with that power. In vie" oi
ungenoy, 1t deemed prudent TO retain IN The
an amount unusually large for ordinary purposes.
few years ago, whole national debt growing OF
the Revolution ana the war Of 1912 with Great Britain
eXtiguished oEd presented the world the
and noble -pectaele O great and growing people who had
folly discharged obligation Since time, the
istng debt has been contracted and small
pason with the simer burdens OF most other nations
should be eNIin2uhed at tle earliest practicable period
Should tho stats Of the country permit. and especially
foreign relations inerpOse obstacle, cOnemplai.
bey OEd what required for the appropriations by Com
gress, liquidation. cherish the hope Of being
abe ratuate the country its recovering
The lofty PCS ton which II recently occupied Our
country which exhibits the world tie benefits OF ef
government. deve,Piu! all the oi naioaa pro.
penny, owes 10 rahNn4 lhs permanent example oil IA
zion Tree from The bghtng iniarnco OF pu0ilc debt
The attention OF Congress is invited he Importance
al making suitable notifications and reductions Of the
of duties HpCse5 ~ PRESENT tarif laws. The
object Of imposing duties imports should be
psy the necessary expense. Con
gress may, undoubtedly, the rsisc OF s.uu3 d.
cteton dscrmnoiei IN arranging tee rates % duty GA d!
articles bot ks determinations should be within the
stsndaid, aud be made with the
nvy tor rn-- urPor, ~ government.
becomes important 10 understand distinctly what
meant by revenue standard, the IiInum . which
should be exceeded toe rates Of duty Imposed f.
conceded aud experience proves, thlt duties may be
hsh a. T. diminish or pr n bt alt gsthsr the imp
on If gvea article, and thereby lessen " destroy
the which, At lower rsie would Le derived from
it, mpcrtfOn such duties exceed the revenue Taes and
money Tor the support OF govern.
monr. ii CungTess levy duty for OF one per
given aE''cc 1t will produce given
moGey To the Treasury aud will inct Cnaiy aad
.srIly AFFORD protection or advantage the amount cf
per To- lho home manufacturer ct a similar
article II the duty be 10
per cent, II will produce greater amount OF money! End
afford greater prOec ion. Int be sill raised 90 25, or
30 per cent, and II il rascd the derived
iry found be increased the prOiecen OF advan.
tage will also be Incsasej but 1t be raised 81 per
ani found that the produced that
J. less than 30 per cent be duty
The precise point IN the ascending scale OF dues,
which it's asce'tnned rom experience that tho
groatest the maximum tate u duty which be laid
the 59H1 de purpose OF collecting money for the support
oi Government r" ra,e the duties higher than hat point
IN
Tor protect merely, and notor As long, then,
Congress gradually increase The rats Of dty
article, and 81" j. N eaed by such
OF duty they a-e within the revenue standard. When
hoy beyond that point, and 'hey Increase the duties
the Is dmn shed destroyed, the
have FOR IL object the raising Of money support go
Nernmeni, hut IsiJr protection merely.
Ii do,s follow that Congress should levy the highest
duty on Of import which they will bear .lhn
the silndad for such would probably pro-
dncc mach lager amount nIn thc economical admins
uau1H U the government would require. Nor docs FOL
shat the duties oil articles should be same Or
horizontal rate. Some articles will bear a much higher
duty than others. Below the maximum Of the
standard Congress may and ought discriminate in
the imposed, taking adjust them different
articles produce m the aggregate the which,
when added to the proceeds OF sales II public lands may
be needed to pay he economical expenses Of the govern
ment
In leyynz tamil u duties Congress exercise the isInp
pow and for pufposs' Ut may The objects
Of taxation They may exempt cero articles altogether.
and permit their importation free ut duty. On others th.y
may impose low duties. In these ccss,s should he eubra-
eed such articles OF necessity general use aud
pecay such consumed by the abocr aud the poor
well by the wealthy citizen. Care ehDu,d be taken That
al the great Interests Of the county including mluuuc
tlres agriculture commerce. navigation, and the mechanic
should, lar may be practicable, derive equal ad-
Nnniages from the incidental protection which Just sy-
Of durs5 may sh,ri TeSaior direct or in.
direct, is burden, rnd 70 should be imposed t
operate equally may be- OFT classes IN tho pro
portion Of their ability To besr u. To make the aNpg
power actual benefit a. class, necessarily
Ire burden OF the others beysnd their proper ion, snd
would be maniiosty unjust. The terms protection 10 do.
nestle industry, o Popusr impor; but they thppd
apply under Jgst system al the yarDu- branches o!
du-tfy 10 cos1Uy. The farmer planter 'Sho tolls
yearly in HE To-, engaged IN "dOnes'c industry" ard
j. much entitled ~ syn his labor 'yrotsctcJ" the
nlnHiac the Ut commerce, TIE navigator the
mechanic, who arc engaged also in dpmsuc indufGy" 10
their tetcnt pursuiis. The IO'u 7DJfs II Oh these
constitute tho Aggregate 0 tho domestic industry" NJ
the nation and they equally entitled o. the nations
ptDtct lion" No &c them Justly claim o. be the
exclusive recipients OF "pro'r cDn which only be