Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1845-12-11

them by the existing pre- empou be repeated
rs citizens to become the qwnef' Of small portions Of vast
public domon, at low and mololae rites.
Tho present system Of managing mineral lands Of the
believed to be radically defective. More than million Of
erals have been reserved from sa upon
them have boon granted TO individuals upon stipulated rent
The system of granting loaes has proved he only unpof
table 10 the governments but unsatisfactory the citizens who
have gone upon tho lauds and must If continued, lay the uu
on of much future difficulty between tho government
essees according to the official records We amount Of rents
received by The government for the ycors ls 1872, 1919 and
1874 was s655 ~ while the expenses of the system during the
anne period including salaries supcrncndonts agents Clerks
aud incidental expenses wonysx thousand hundred
and eleven dos aud eleven cents the income being less than
one fourth of the To this pecunary loss be adj
ded the injury sustained by tho public in consequence of the de-
king the mines Tho System has given rise to much litigation bo-
tween the United States and nd dual citizens producing ta
on anu excitement ~ the mineral REGION ana involving tho gov
eminent in heavy additional expenditures 1t is believed that
similar losses and onbarramon will continue occur, while
the present system Of leasing lands unchanaod
These lands are now under the pntendencc and of tho
recommend repeal present SYSTEM and that these
lands be placed under the superintendent and Of
the General Land Office other public lands, and be- brought in
market md Sold upon such terms Congress- their wisdom,
may prescribe eservng to the government an equitable
ogc Of the gross amount Of mineral product, aud that the
them at the minimum price which be csabshcdy Con
refer you to the accompanying report Of the Secretary Of War,
1917 respecng the present situation OF the army and
the condition of the public works. and relations with the
yo your attention to the suggestions contained in that report ia
relation to these prominent objects of national interest
When orders given during the past for
conuting military frontier Texas our
The Pompt expeditions which an army embracing
an emergency sudden reflects credit the officers who
were entrusted with the execution of these orders we'll
the discipline of the itself To be protect
and dond the people and territories of Texas the event McS
co should commence hos'ies or invade her territories with
large army, which she theatencd authorized the General
gucd the command of the of occupation make rcqu
ous for additional forces from several of the the
Texan Territory aud which could most cxpediiiousy furnish
mand and the auxary aid which under like circumstances he
was authorized TO receive from Texas should be required The
has not occurred Tho circumstances under whchwo companies
Of State artillery from the city of New Orleans sent into
Texa and mustered into the service of the United States,
fully stated in the report of the Secretary ofWd recommend
10 Congress that provision be made for the of these
troops, well small number of Texan volunteers, whom the
commanding general thought it necessary to receive muster in
During the last summer regiment of Dungeons
P them advancing nearly to the possessions OF the ud
Ps Of & R"p ,on"n md e head wa,eI, of lv it
ty Of the Colorado the West The exhibition of
gons councils held with them by the commanders Of the
expeditions, is believed, will have alqtay influence in
training them from hostie among Themselves and maintaining
friendly relations between them and the United States.
the report Of the sccrcay OF War Under the directions Of the
War Department, Bcye Captain Fremont, of the corps
graphical engineers has been employed since 1912 in exploring
tho country west oe Mississippi and beyond The Rocky Noun
and the of that scientific and enteprsng officer have fur
nshed much interesting and valuable information. lie is
duous service will be completed enable
muncuc the result to Congress at the present session.
Our relations with tho Indian tribes of favorable
ter The policy Of removing them to country designed for their
limits of the organized states and Territories better apPrec
aed by them than few years while education
attended to- and the habits of civilized life gaining ground
Serious difficulties of long standing, continue distract the
several parties into which the Cherokecs unhappily divided
The efforts Of the government adjust the difficulties between
probability that this desirable object can be accomplished without
the aid of further legislation by Congress.
will, al early period Of your session. the subject
for conseraion accompanied with exposition of the
on @ NAV Iw 70 S9 To do sIC % se 10y
have long prevailed, and still prevail among them
refer to the report of the secretary of the Navy, for the
present condition of that part of the National defence and for
grave suggestions having Tor Their object the nc,Sas' OF us en-
the officers and men have performed Their duty in sat
seo manner The orders which have been given have been
executed ,1o WIN PF9 , . and and fidelity ,o
flag, already concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico, and ppa
reny, without unusual effort II is especially to be observed
that Notwithstanding union considerable force
committed that the jealousy of atcd could
eon'tue as an act ongges'on and that the Commander of the
squadron and his officers strict conformity with their nsruc
TONS holding themselves ever ready for the most active duty
walton of peace 1t is believed that all foreign stations the
honor Of our as has been and that our
order am happy to Idd TINT ne display OF ma.tme force
wholly within the usual appropriations for the service OF the
year, so TINT no additional appropriations are !eqgifsd
interest have steadily and rapidly INCREASED since the organIza
but Power in the world, and distant day shall
probably be inferior Exposed they must be, has
tr,Je tbTougbout ihe ti F ] ,b tity ycsrs a1n,o
increase pcace navy performs
important duty of protecting and in the event of
will be, has becu most efficient of defence
The successful of navigation the ocean has been
followed by the introduction of wurteume in great and
ing numbers into the navies of the principal maritime Powers of
the world due regard 10 safety and to an efficient
protection to our large and increasing demands
responding increase part No country has greater facilities
Tbey are admirably to the nrooction of orr Commerce
to the rapid transmission Of intelligence and the defence
In pursuance OF the wise policy OF gradual increase OF our
Wy, large supplies of live oak timber, other ship
budng have been collected, and under shelter and in
state good peeryoon while iron eau be built with
geu, facility in various pats OF the Union The use OF IRON as
MATERIAL especially in the construction of steamers which
enter with safety many of the haro along coast mac
cesse to vessels of greater draush and the praea6ly OF
constructing them IN the interior, strongly recommends nat b
Whatever may have policy earlier stages of the
government, when the nation in its infancy shipping in
teress and commerce comparatively small limited
oui population sparse and scarcely extending beyond the limits of
the original thirteen States that policy must be essentially differ
enl now That we have grown from three to than twenty
millions of peopetha commerce. carried in ships
Elements have been greatly expanded Neither
,;Gcotons alone Tbos are eeseoI n, nna,,n, comuerr
and military points, but chief reliance for this object must be
navy confined tho Atlantic The produr
lions OF the interior which seek market abroad are dece
pendent on the safety aud freedom Of commerce The oceg
patton of the Balze below New Orleans by hostile force would
embarass not stagnae the whole export trade of the As
pp and Affect the value of the agricultural products of the
tire valley of that mighty river ind its tributaries,
II has never been 9g policy to maase large snd9g Or%e.
w %S %pG,S ho9y On So psS s0 and be
fence the land must be mainly soldiers, who viii
be ready they have been ready times past crush
description of force however cannot defend coa habo
ana nTG eos NOR protect our on the oea" or tue
Considering increased naval force, and especially Of steam
ton poporoaed the increasing nay power
of other nations Of vast Importance as regards our safety and
the md growing interests be protected by IT,
mend the subject to the favorable consideration OF Congress
detailed operations of his department
during The Pp. 5cn will be seen So, income from o, ao
and two millions Of dolais This deficiency has been caused by