Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1845-04-05

ty Of the population of the nation il ought in justice to II
sell and for the good Of ALL to be represented in all the de
partmens of the awmaking power nearly may be,
j cordng to the relative numbers of its people,
But, Mr. Chairman, in illustration Of the safety as well
policy of giving the West its due share in the legislation
the country, permit call your attention another
sderaon Communities, like individuals influenced b,
their likes and dskes; word by their pejudices anos
as much by their interests Now, very fortunately fol
the West and equally for the whole country, happens
that has preudces against either the North the South
bears good will and kindly feeling to both and, far
know, both free from bias against the Vests both
cprocate to the West its good will and Kindness Of feeling o
them The West being identified in interest and feeling
with BOTH holds the position Of impartial umpire between
eaouses and pudces against each other and between
their conflicting interests either real or imaginary, and most Of
them believe to be of the latter class.
In another particular ALSO the West is and must be sale
umpire between the conflicting claims Of the North and the
South The whole West have already said, Is as one
whole, identified in interest in all its parts Take for exam
pie, Western Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri and even Ten
nesseethe whole grangrowng and
district of the savehodng States south Of the Ohio and beyond
the Mississippi and they ndssolubly interviewer with
western Pennsylva the country beyond the Ohio and the
Mississippi, whose free labor devoted the produc-
tons There other difference between them than that
slave labor the south side Of the Ohio and in Missouri has
an agency IN bringing forth these products while in Western
Pennsyvana beyond the Ohio and in Iowa. these products
are the fruits Of free labor Now all these grain
ing savehodng districts have just enough capital in slaves
them to take of and watch all attacks that
description Of property and thus shield the extreme South
from any injustice, while at the time of these
States is that description Of capital paramount in importance
to all other interes; it is with them the Atlantic
at the extreme South, the interest controlling all others
while the other sde looking the North their products
being the with the gragowng States
they all goand the markets together and
therefore, all have interest watch and
that Northern interests not sacrificed to Southern Thus
the whole body Of gan-growng States avehodng and nom
savehodng have intermediate position between the pecu
liar and exclusive interests of both North and South and
deeply interested in the prosperity Of both. This considers
ton will always have its influence in permanently maintaining
in the growing States of the West merely feeling
Of just mpaay between the North and South but Of good
will to both For is as true OF communities as Of ndlvdu
ais that where the there will the heart be also
Again, Mr. Chairman in another view Of the whole country
the West exers and for long time to must
tnue exert aconong medatory influence both North
and South 1t must be borne mind that legislation an affair
Of business intended merely protect what have Of
life liberty, and property, but to bring its effective aid to the
great work Of progressive civilization of the development both
of the social and individual For this great business
in this country surrounded with peculiar difficulties In
the first place have distinct social systems, two forms
Of civilizations based free and the other slave labor
going side by side, each working out gradually their
peculiar results and each having wants peculiar TO ITSELF In
the place composed OF communities that have
made very different degrees Of progressive civilization
parts of the country being at least half century in advance
of others In parts and, for example, in Massachu
sets already great division of labor has taken place is
applied to the business Of production in many varieties Of
forms. Capital has its many corresponding modes OF invest
Many forms of social organization have sprung up
aid of the efforts Of capital of labor and of intellectual de-
velopment On the other hand along the Atlantic, AT the
extreme South South Carolina for example, capital and
labor for the part devoted to pursuit and applied
in form only There of course that pursuit and that
mode of investment paramount to all others it controls all
Others makes all others subservent to it. Now fortunately
for the whole country it happens that in the other
H. ,oJ
time will continue to occupy, middle ground be-
tween the two extremes. If look at western Pennsyva
MIA and western Virginia. both lying the waters of the
Mississippi, Ohio Kentucky, and at the whole of the
graingrowing section of the West with the exception of
thevery newly formed settlements shall find that labor
and capital have already assumed many FORMS and
daily seeking modes of application and investment
In all this however, they and will long continue be far
below the standard Of Massachusetts, hat que in advance OF
that Of Carolina where as have already sad capital and labor
are substantially devoted to pursuit only Indeed have
been told that it is only within month two past that the
first steam cotton press has been put operation Charles
ton that till now they have gone without the aid of this
great laborsaving machine which has been in full operation
in the valley of the Mississippi for many years past We
have in this country many degrees OF civilization and
stage Of il requires system of laws adapted to IFS
dition We have also, have already said two distinct
systems of civilization each calling for legal regulations SUITED
its wants and condition while the laws that make here
of necessity be general and uniform in their application
the whole of these different states of society And here
lies the great ucuy IN our pai diHcuy ths pressure
of which felt the first day that took my seat this floor,
(twenty years ago. and which still continue to feel with
increasing force the old communities become
pick, spring up almost daily and the two
tems based free and slave labor gradually disclose and
develop their peculiar and results The question
how shall egsae for such country problem Of very
complex and difficult solution We cannot come up the
standard of Massachusetts, down that Of
Carolina and hence it is that, for than quarter of
century past both have complained OF the neglect and
tce of the General Government both have blamed each
other both have abored under excited feeling; both have
nyeghed against each other both have occasionally INDUCED
in threats of the dissolution of the Union. Now, if
to adapt Legislation to the condition Of Massachusetts it
would be the settlements like putting the garments of
the full grown upon the infant child and if we lega
ed with single eye the communities Och Legislation
would be to Massachusetts ike forcing the garments of the IN
FAINT upon the standing full six feet his shoes Now
sir both the South and the North would cooy aud impair
tally look at the facts they are at the condition of things
have described IT. they would put down unavoidable
other or they would both to the conclusion that consider
ing the complicated and diversified condition Of our society,"
the wonder is that laws have, in the MAN, worked so
wel that they have done much good and little harm
Now, these diversies Of condition will continue Cur long
time at least to widen, since the old communities will 60 on
with the great work of development while societies for
very long period viii continue to up in succession
our vast unpeoped domain between and the Pacific ocea
While this condition Of things exists, laws viii in the
main conform the condition Of those who occupy the middle
ground between the two exsyames That middle ground the
great graingrowns region Of the West occupies and must
continue to do so for two generaons a least
In this view also Of social condition, y unwse to de-
pve the West of its due share 81 Legislative power in either
branch Of Congress- But Mr. Chairman, there still remains
other consideration why the West should have repre-
senaton both branches of Congress propoioned to its
popuaton nv ouinon far outwechna in importance