New-York daily tribune., 1845-01-22

But re have already $50 tuat thc La" Ci va
ions does not permi, any oDe TO rest FOX ever on
mere discovery without settlement and thus ex-
..Iude the human race from the use OF The unaP-
a,optisted region. If The discovering netion
.loes not within reasonable time proceed TO
coloniz4 and subdue, sic forfeits her right Of eI
clusioo and other naiors mag justiiably sett'e
Vow Spain as we have seen, first discovered
Oregon in l542, yet up 10 her cesson to Us IN
1918, she had never attempted to make settle
nept upon it. From lis Northern Limit her
nea,e.t post was distant about one thousand
miles, although settlement fIem California or
Nexco was perfectly easy. So far as affected by
her action, the entire region remained perfectly
useless TO her and TO mankind. Spanish, British
and Russian commanders had al varous times
landed on difftent parts of the coast, and per-
formed what they held 10 be acts Of discovery,
taking formal possession. SC. sc. Prior to
1889, a British settlement and trading post had
been formed in Nootka Sound under Lieut. John
bieares. In 17S9, this POST, with its vessels, &c
was attacked and captured by a Spanish expcdi
ton under Martinez Great Britain promptly
demanded restitution of Spain, and the demand
was complied With In order to prevent such
collision in future, e treaty between Great Britain
and Spain vas framed and ratified at the Escu.
nal in 1890, which, after providing full restltu-
lion and compensation by Spain for the seizures
at Nootka Sound, proceeds
ART g. In order to strengthen the bonds of fre9d:ho and
preserve future perfect harmony and good
between the two contracting psiies It agred ,hnt 1fE r.
navigating carrying their fisheries IN the Pacific Ocean
o, the South S or @ en- Ss pseS eSs @ on
;eir with the pqves Of the c"uoy or o, mgss ~,
s;ncoHs specified in the three following articles;
These restrictions Go not all limit or affect the
right above conceded to each party ofmaking set
Elements in what is now termed Oregon. They
simply provide, Cart. H. that, to prevent SNUG
Cling, British subjects shall not fish within ten
leagues Of the coast where settled by Spain (Art.
ST. that the subjects of either power shall have
free access 10 any settlements made or to be made
by the other on the North West coast Of Ameii-
ca or the islands adjacent, cearly implying again
that each was at liberty to plant colonies there,
and expected to do so j and (Art g. that no new
settlements shall be formed by either party South
of the actual Spanish settlements in South
America.
Such is the treaty under which Great Britain
claims and has exercised an equal right with
Spain 20 form settlements, in the territory We now
term Oregon. 1t is Treaty which, by the Law
of Nations, (saeour own Wheaton, no subsequent
rupture between the parties could annul, nor has
either questioned It's subsisting validity Accord
ingly, the British Northwest Company esteh
lishcd posti in 1906 On Frazer's Lake, in Oregon
north of the Coumbia-fvo years before we at
tempted any thing Of the kind and in 1871 (the
same year with the founding of Astoria.> thesame
Company established stations on the Northern
branch Of the Columbia. The subsequent estab
lishment and continued existence Of fur-tradlng
posts throughout the territory by British Com
panies is matter OF common nutoriety.
Such are the facts in the case. Can any man
who candidly considers them affirm with the Ma
tional Convention. which nominated Polk and
Dallas "thst our title to the ohoLe of Oregon
THAT is to $40 40 North, is clear and indiSput-
able ?' Can he fail to see why wo have not yet
been able to adjust the questions of boundary aud
Of sovereignty7 There is little chance of the
peaceful settlement Of long standing controver
sy while one party insists that it will have every
iota in dispute-pcaceably or forc'bly. Especial
IL in case like this, where we demand OF Great
Britain the surrender TO us Of posts which, on the
faith of her Convention with Spain, she settled
years before we had any rights at all in the Orc
gon Territory.
Yet we still confidently believe that this diff
Guilty will be peacefully adjusted l. was very
nearly so in 1927, when we offered 10 make the
49h degree of North latitude the boundary be-
tween us and Great Britain from the Rocky
Mountains TO the ocean. She rejected this, but
offered to strike from this parallel at the Noun
tains to the nearest head waters Of the Columbia,
and FOLLOW down to the ocean. Even this would
have given us the better half of the territory, but
it would not have been happy adjustment.
British and American possession OF the two sides
of the great River of the West will be certain
to lead to collisions and broils. Ii any division
is 10 be made, the Ash parallel Of latitude is the
pIOpcI DGIiS tuoN OpSoiAS oh tiiAS
side from the Lake of the Woods TO the Rocky
Mountains.
Our own strong conviction is, however, that 1t
is the true policy of both Nations to admit and
guarantee the Indspendenceof of Oregon, shielding
1t, while weak, from all external dangers, and
leaving it to govern itself and manage lis own
affairs. 1t is an immensely everrated country.
and would be poorer still if divided. The crests
of the Rocky Mountains form one of the best nstu.
raj boundaries in the world. Why cannot one
side of the planet permit the other to govern itself?
No ELECTION YEr.-Thc fifth trial says the
Boston Atlas, for the election of Mayor and FIVE
Alderman took place on Monday, and the result
was no choice of Mayor, and the election of two
out of the FIVE Aldermen voted for. The gentle
men elected Aldermen are Messrs. Benson Leayitt
and Samuel S. Perkins, whose names were horne
rnon The Yuunu Mems Fapeuil HALL and Ma