Southport telegraph. [volume] (Southport, W.T. [i.e. Kenosha, Wis.]) 1840-1850, 1845-02-10
TREATY WITH CHINA.


The following letter from Mr.. Gushing to
tie Secretary of State, is ore of the docu-
ments communicated with the Treaty to the
Senate. For all practical purposes it will
be more interesting to our readers than even
the Treaty itself, from which the seal of
secresy has not yet been removed.
MACAO, July 5, 1914.
SIR: | have the honor to enclose TO YOU
copy Of the treaty Of Wang Hiya, as signed
on the Sd INST.
On examining this docu nent, you will
find, in the first place, that, in the descrip-
ton of the contracting parties, the language
Of the stipulations, and the mode Of execu-
ton, the style Of perfect equality between
the United States and China has been sedu-
lously observed and may add, that this
has been carefully attended to in the, Chi
nesc as well as i'll the English duplicate of
the treaty.
You will perceive, in the second place,
that this treaty contains many provisions
which are not embraced either in the En-
glsh treaty of Marking, or in the treaty
supplementary thereto, which comprehends
the tariff and the commercial regulations.
First.-1he tariff is amended, by the re-
duction of tie duties OIL some articles Of
American production, and by fixing. with
greater precision, what goods are contraband,
or subjects ofmonopoly.
There is nothing in the English treaties
TO limit the power of the Emperor in the
exclusion Of articles of import or export
Thus. he might render al! commercial
privileges nugaiory, By prohibiting the ex-
portaiion of tea and silk, and the importation
Of cotton or cotton fabrics; or he might OBJ
struct the commerce in these or any other
articles, by making them the subjects of
close monopoly, as is now the case with
salt
This is guarded. against in the treaty of
Wang Hiya, by making the objects Of con-
Eabande and monopoly matter of stipula-
ton between the Governments. And 10
notifications of the tariff are to be made
without the consent of the United States.
Secondly the English treaties, the
Consul is security for the payment of duties,
and is bound TO prosecute for all infraclions
of the revenue laws of China This is TO
transfer to the British Government the Office
and responsibility Of paying duties, which
involves much Of regulation and Of form in
the prosecution of trade, which experience
has already shown to DO inconvenent to the
subjects as we'll as to the Government Of
Great Britain. All this is avoided in the
treaty of Wang Hiya, by making the duties
payable in cash, which is perfectly accepta-
BILE TO the merchant, and in accordance with
,ho rk;oo
Thnd.-New provision is made in the
amplest manner for the trade, from port to
port, in China.
a sh; a. which, having touched at Canton,
has there paid tonnage duties and discharged
a part of her cargo, may proceed with the
residue TO any other port in China, without
being subject to the payment Of tonnage
duty second time; and goods which have
been landed and paid duty at one of the
ports of China, may, at any time, be re-
texported TO any port of China, without being
subject to any further duty. This latter
provision is equivalent TO a warehouseing
system for all the coast Of China.
FowM.-Dne provision is made for the
recognition and personal dignity and secu-
rity of consuls or any officers whom the
Government of the United States may see
fit to appoint for the superintendent Of our
trade III China.
FJth.-ln regard to the payment Of du-
ties, various provisions are inserted, for the
convenience of our commerce, with respect
to the mode of payment, and, among others,
| that merchandise may be landed from time
to time, as may be convenient, duty being
paid on the articles only when they are
landed, and that vessels may, wilma limi
ted time, depart, if they please, without
breaking bulk.
Sirth.-Citizens Of the United States are
to have all accommodations at each of the
five ports, not only rs heretofore in the con-
struciion of dwelling-houses and magizines,
but also churches, cemeteries, and hospitals.
Serenth.-Provison is made for the en-
ployment, by Americans. Of persons to teach
the languages of the empire and the pur-
chase of books is legalized: it having been
| the custom heretofore for the Chinese Co.
vernmcnt 10 persecute and Cypress such Of
is subjects as either gave instruction or sold
books to foreigners in China, which circum-
stance has been great obstacle TO the study
Of the languages Of China, and the acqusi-
ton of the means Of satisfactory intercourse
with its Government.
EighM.-All Americans in China are to
be deemed subject only to the jurisdiction
of their own Government, bath in criminal
matters and in questions Of civil right.
| shall have occasion hereafter 10 enter
into these subjects somewhat in detail, and
to suggest TO the President the expedency
ofrecommending 10 Congress the enactment
of laws in this relation, applicable not only
TO Americans in China, but in Turkey and
| elsewhere In Asia, where Americans lin
common with Euopeans) are in like manner
exempt from the jurisdiction of the local
Government.
Ninth.-Citiz ems of the United States in
China, and every thing appertaining 10 them,
are placed under the special protection of
the Chinese Government, which engages
TO defend them from all insult or injury.
Ii the Chinese authorities neglect their
duty in this respect, they, of course, become
responsible for all consequences, on COM
plant being made TO the Government of the