Boon's Lick times. [volume] (Fayette, Mo.) 1840-1848, 1845-02-08


SEVENTH Provision is made for the employ
ment, by Americans, OF persons to teach the
language OF the empire; and the purchase Of
books is egalized: it having been the custom
heretofore for the Chinese Government to per
secute and Cypress such Of its subjects as either
gave instruction or sold books to foreigners in
China: which circumstance has been a great
obstacle to the study Of the language Of China,
and the acquisition Of the means Of satisfactory
intercourse with its government.
EIeurH. All Americans in China are to be
deemed subject only TO the jurisdiction OF their
own government, both in criminal matters and
in questions Of civil right.
shall have occasion hereafter to enter into
these subjects somewhat in detail, and TO suggest
10 the President the expediency Of recommend
ing to Congress the enactment Of laws in this
relation, applicable not only to Americans in
China, but in Turkey and elsewhere in Asia,
where Americans lin common with Europeans
are in like manner exempt from the jurisdiction
Of the local government
NlNrH. Citizens of the United States in
China, and every thing appertaining 10 them, are
placed under the special protection OF the Chi.
nese government, which engages to defend them
from all insult or injury.
II the Chinese authorities neglect their duty
in this respect, they Of course become respons'-
| BILE Tor all consequences, on complaint being
made to the government OF the United States
In part execution Of this, and other cores
ponding provisions OF the treaty, particular ar.
engagements are in train for the further security Of
citizens OF the United States residing in Canton,
OF which a report will be made to you in due
time.
Tenth. The vessels OF the United States are
to come and 60 freely between the ports Of
China, and those of any other country with
which China may happen to be at war, in full
security, not only for the ship, but for all de.
scriptions OF ne rchandze: the neutrality of our
flag, and every thing it covers, being especially
guaranteed.
ELEVENTH. Provision is made for the protec,
ton and relief OF vessels stranded on the coast
Of China or driven by any sort OF ris mGjor into
whatever port OF China; and also for the restitu.
ton Of property taken by pirates in the seas of
China.
TWELFTH. Equality in correspondence be.
tween civil or military and naval officers Of the
United States and those OF China is stipulated,
as also the observance OF all courtesy and re.
spect in the correspondence between individual
citizens of the United States and officers OF the
| Chinese government.
THIRTEENrH. No presents are to be demand.
ed OF either government by the other.
The usage among Asiatc States OF giving and
receiving presents. has been the source OF great
inconvenience to the United States, in those
cases even where it has been a mere matter Of
courtesy. But, as the receipt Of presents by the
Chinese government has always hitherto been
assumed by the latter as an act Of tribute on the
part OF the government making such presents, it
seemed to be still more desirable to abolish the
practice at once by provision Of the treaty.
Fourteenth. Ships Of war Of the Unted
States and their commanders are at oil times 10
be courteously received in the ports OF China.
1t seemed to me that such provision would
secure to our ships of war all such access to the
ports Of China as may be needlul, either for their
own relief or for the protection of the merchant
ships and citizens OF the United States; while it
would be inconvenient 10 60 so far as the Eng
fish have done, and engage to keep ship Of war
at all times in each OF the five ports Of China.
RI FIFTEENTH Heretofore, no government Except
RUSSIA has held direct communication with the
Court of China. AT the present time, even the
British government does not hold correspondence
with the Court of Peking. l insisted upon and
obtained provision for communications between
the two governments.
The article of the treaty does not specify to
whom communication from the United States shall
he addressed, it being left to the discretion ofhe
American government to elect whom it will ad-
dress, not excepting Inc Emperor
Upon this point shall make to you separate
communication, with reference we'll to its i'm
portance for the purpose Of indicating the par
ties at Court whom il will be most convenient for
the Secretary of State to address, when occasion
shall arise.
SIXTEENTH. In regard to opium, which is not
r directly mentioned in the English treaties il is
provided by the treaty of Wang Hiya, that citi-
zens of the United States engaged in this any
other contraband trade shall receive no protection
: from the American government, nor shall the flag
of the United States be abusivey employed by
other atoms as cover for the violation of the
, laws of China. Upon this point, also, l shall
have occasion to address to you a separate de.
spatch
have thus, in brief manner, indicated some
of the peculiar provisions of this treaty
Many Of them and important
Some of the English newspapers have comment
ed rather boastfuly upon the fact that the English
arms had opened the ports of China to other
tions, and at the same time have with fippant
ignorance, rdcuied the idea Of mission from
the United States to do that which (it was said)
had been already wholly done by England.
| ascribe all possible honor to the ability dis
played by Sir Henry Pottnger in China, and to
} the success which attended his negotiations; and
recognize the debt of gratitude which the United
States and all other nations TO England for
what she has accomplished in China. From all
this much benefit has accrued TO the United States
But, in return, the treaty of Wang Hiya, in
the new provisions it makes, confers great ben.
eft the commerce Of the British empire; for the
supplementary English treaty stipulates that any
! new privileges conceded by China to other ma
tions shall be enjoyed also by England, and there
is similar provision in the treaty IF Wang
Hiya; and TINS, whatever progress either govern
0 ment makes in opening this vast empire to the
Influence cOm iS for bo