The New York herald., 1845-12-06

receive reasonableproft equal to that realized oy
should desire at least through the agency Of
governmental power Equal rights and profits so far
laws made best conform to the principles upon
which the constitution founded and with an unde
waiting regard to which all its functions should be exer
to the whole country and not TO classes
sections.
so climate, and other causes, vary very much in diff
erent counres the pursuits which are most profitable
in each and the prosperity OF all of them vail be best
promoted by leaving them by legislation
to exchange with each other those fabrics and products
which they severally raise most cheapy THIS Is clear
ly illustrated by the perfect free trade which exists
among all the States Of Union aud by the Know
ia fact that 1ns Of nsse states Se s
others II is generally conceded that reciprocal FREQ
trade among nations would best advance the in,e.
tariffs Of other nations by countervsng restrictions
That duties upon our exports by foreign nations
prejudcial to is conceded; but whilst this IN
jury slightly felt by the manufacturers its weight
ialsAlnpst exclusivey upon agriculture, commerce,
and navigation If those interests which sustain the
be demanded by the manufacturers who do not feel
the nnry and whose iere. N laS, are mot enc4qeo T
agriculture, and navigation are injured ny
foreign restrictions, constitutes no reason why they
should be subjected to still treatmen by add-
tional restrictions and countervalng tariffs enacted az
home Commerce, agriculture and navigation harrass-
ed they may be by foreign restrictions, diminishing
the amount exchanged products which they could
otherwise purchase abroad burdened with heavier
VIII hen the hv
furnishing the protected classes there with the Identical
argument used by the protected classes here against re-
duction By countervailing restrictions injure our
fellow citizens much than the foreign nation
at whom purpose to aim their forces and in the con.
nict of opposing tariffs sacrifice commerce,
agriculture. and navigation. As well might we impose
monarchical arisocratc restrictions on our govern
ment people because that the of foreign e
gislation. Let be free political
Institutions Let with revenue duties only open our
ports TO all the world and nation after nation will soon
follow example. IL reduce tariff the party
opposed to the laws OF England would soon pre-
vail and admit all agricultural products at all times
Co. hnrn Aud
if England would now repeal her duties upon
wheat, -four, Indian corn and other agricultural
tainly be doomed to overthrow. If the ques.
ton is asked, Who shall begin this work OF
reciprocal reduction .ns n sy n ,ne
most Of exports. She has repealed the duty upen
cotton, and greatly reduced the tariff upon our bread
sus provisions and other her present bad
harvest accompanied by reduction of tariff would
lead to the repeal of her laws and the
The manufacturing interest opposes reciprocal free
trade with foreign nations 1t opposed the ZolVeren
reciprocal reduction of and foreign tariffs will
receive its support If that interest preferred recipro
cal exchange Of our own for foreign fabrics
without exception against all nations that adopted low,
as well as high tariffs would have opposed every
amendment proposing when the tariff OF lS42 was under
confederation reduction Of our duties upon the ex.
ports of such nations as would receive free Of duty,
-four and other agricultural products If that in
terest desired reciprocal free trade with other nations
it would have desired a very different tariff from
IL
duties to those where the foreign importer would
sell his imports for cash only and admitted drawback
OF one half of the duty where American exports would
be taken abroad in exchange-not an actual barter o
foreign imports for equal amount in value OF our pro-
ducts but without any barter where sum equal to the
value of their exports used in purchasing here
equal amount in value of any of products and the
shipment made abroad OF these products upon the same
principle under which drawback Of duties is al
lowed the re-exportaton of foreign imports. This
would be less simple and not recommended IN lieu OF
tina, absolute reduction of the duties which will
fhp I'M n
provision would be seexecuting reciprocity law,
AMI should not DO desired by those believing in coun
telsaing tois against foreign nations, but in recpro.
cal ee trade with all thus enabling our farmers and
planters to sell their products for cheaper foreign manu-
facures getting for what they SELL and paying
less for what they purchase in exchange. It seems
strange that while the profit OF agriculture varies from
double. The u.s. that whilst the high duties
cure nearly monopoly Of the home market to the man
uacturer the farmer and planter are deprived 70 great
mer and planter to great extent forbidden to buy
in the foreign market and confined to the domestic art
cles enhanced in price by the duties The tariff is thus
double benefit to the manufacturer, and double loss
to the farmer and planer-a benefit to the former in
hanced prices of their fabrics and loss to the lat.
ter in the payment Of those high prices and in total
true question is, whether the farmer and planter
SHALL TO great extent supply our people with cheap
manufactures purchased abroad with their
products whether this exchange shall 20 forbidden
by high duties such manufactures, and their supply
thrown, as monopoly, at large prices by high tariffs
OF manufacturing capitalists derive the benefit from
the heavy taxes extracted by the tariff from twenty mil
lions OF people, does not exceed ten thousand The
whole number Including the working classes engaged
In our manuiactures) deriving benefit from the tariff
does not exceed aooooo OF whom not more than 40
have been brought into this pursuit by the last tariff
But this small number of 40 900 would still have been
the country consuming agricultural products and
in the attempt to them purchasers so small in
number and not consuming oneha the supply OF many
counties the farmer and planter are asked to sacrifice
the markets of the world, containing a population Ct
eight hundred millions, disabled from purchasing
products by high duties all they would sell IN
change. The farmer and planter would have the home
market without tariff and they would have the loreg
aket also to much greater extent but for the total
partial prohibition vi the last tariff.
Wo have fertile lands than any other nation
raise greater variety OF products and, 1t may be
could feed and clothe the people of nearly all the wod
products They must have the foreign MARKET iaise
surplus, accompanied by great depression in price
cultivated to their fullest extent could OF themselves
raise than sufficient food to supply the entire home
market Missouri or Kentucky could more than supply
il with hemp already the State OF Mississippi raises
cotton than is sufficient for all the home market
Louisiana is rapidly approaching the same point as TO
sugar and there lands enough adapted to that pro-
duct Louisiana, Texas and Florida t, supply with
sugar and moasses nearly all the markets OF the world
If cotton depressed in price by the tariff, the
and the raising in Its place, to great extent, hemp,
wheat corn, stock, and provisions which otherwise
would be supplied by the teemng products OF the West
The growing West in series of years, must be the
greatest sufferers by the tariff in deprving them of the
foreign market and Of that of the cotton growing States
We demand in fact for agricultural products specie
from nearly all the world by heavy taxes upon all their
manufacturers and their purchases from us must there
fore be limited well their sales enhanced in
price. Such demand for specie, which we know in ad
cannot be complied WITH nearly equivalent to
decree excluding most Of agricultural products from
the foreign markets such is the rigor of restrc
tons, that nothing short of famine opens freely the
ports Of Europe breadstufs Agriculture is
chief employment; it is best adapted to situation,
and If depressed by the tariff would be the NEST pro-
ftabe. We can raise larger surplus OF agricultural
n a IA.
ture all restrictions and by its unfettered pow
II will break down all foreign restrictions; and,
own being removed, would feed the hungry and clothe
the poor OF our fellow throughout all the densely
peopled nations OF the world But now we will take
nothing in exchange for these products but specie,
cept very high dutes and nothing but famine breaks
down all foreign restrictions, and opens for time the
ports OF Europe to breadstus. If reduction Of
our duties England repeals her corn laws, nearly all
Europe must follow her example, or give to her manu-
lecturers advantages which cannot be successfully en-