The New York herald., 1845-12-03

sss<a1na.slsza.ssu.ss -,
,uac, f,,rno, r,illions six hundred and tbiri
eight e- hundred end forfyiour acres or nfo'
than ftsen wears; sevenythres millions seveny.ior
thouss nd ami six hundred for mere than ten
and ona hundred and six millions one hundred and se'
enysx thousan nine hundred and sixty acres 10
more tnan i've years Much the largest pothoh OF ines
lands will continue be uusaleable al the minimum
,rice nj whch they are permitted TO be sold long
large territories lands from which the more valuaoi
PORTIONS have been selected are annually brough
mo market BY the government With view TO IN
sale and settlement OF these INFERIOR lands, recon
mend that the price be graduated and reduced belo
the pre sent minimum condnng the sales at the
duced prices TO settlers and cuvaors IN limited quan
titles Ii graduated and reduced in price for mite
term 10 dollar per acre, and after the expiration
that period for second and third term to lower rates
large portion OF these lands would be purchased
rates could purchase homes for themselves aud thei
families. By adopting the policy OF graduation and re
ducton of price these inferior lands will be sold fol
their real value while the States in which they lie VII
he freed from the inconvenience, if not injustice te
which they subjected in consequence OF the United
States continuing to own large quantities OF public lands
within their borders not liable to taxation Tor the sup
port Of their local governments.
recommend the continuance of the policy OF grant
ing empous in its most liberal extent to all those
who have settled, may hereafter settle on the public
lands, whether surveyed unsurveyed to which the
Indian title may have been eStngushed al the ume o.
settlement 1t has been found by experience, that IN
consequence of combinations of purchasers and other
causes very small quantity OF the public lands when
sold At public auction. commands higher price than
the minimum rate established by law The settlers CT
the public lands however but rarely able to secure
their homes and the public sales at that
rate; because these combinations, by means OF
the capital they command. aud their superior aol-
y TO purchase, render it impossible for the set.
tier TO compete with them in the market. BY put
ting down all competitioD these combinations
of capitalists and spectators are usually enabled 10
purchase the lands including the improvements OF the
settlers at the minimum price OF the government and
either turn them out Of their homes or extort from
them according their ability to pay double or qaadru
pie the amount paid for them to the government Is
10 the iprse and of hardy pioneers
OF the West, who penetrate the wilderness with their
families suffer the Dangers the priv ations and
attending the settlement ot new county, and prepare
the way for the body Of emgrans who in the course OF
few years, usually follow them, that we are in
great degree indebted for the rapid extension and ao
grandizement OF our country.
Experience has proved that portion of our popula.
ton patriotic than the hardy and brave OF
the fonte ready to obey the call OF their coun
try and to defend her rights AMI her honor whenever
aud by whatever enemy assaied They should be pro-
ected from the graspng specuiator and secured at the
price OF the public lands in the humble homes
which they have mproved by their labor With this
end in view ell vexatious unnecessary restrictions
imposed upon them by the existing pre- emption laws,
should be repealed modified 1t is she true policy OF
the government afford facilities TO citizens to be-
come the of small portions oil our vast public
domain at low and moderate rates.
The present system of managing the mineral lands OF
the United States believed to be radically Give
More than million of OF the public lands suppo
sed TO contain lead and other minerals have been reser
we'd from SALE and numerous leases upon them have
been granted to ndiv duas upon stipulated rent The
stem of granting leases has proved to be not only
profitable to the government, but unsatisfactory TO the
citizens who have gone upon the lands and must if con-
tinued lay the foundation Of much future difficulty be-
tween the government and the lessees According to
the official records the ameun, of rents received by the
government for the years lsi 1912. lsl3 and lS
So 354 a. while the expenses OF the ysem during the
same period, including salaries OF superintendents
agents clerks, anu incidental expenses were twenty
thousand hundred and eleven dollars and eleven
centsthe income being less than fourth OF the
To this Pecuniary loss may be added the injury
sustained by the public in consequence OF the destruc
ton of timber and the careless and wasteu Of
king the mines. The system has given rise much
litigation the United States and individual ciii
producing irritation and excitement in the mineral
region, and involving the government in heavy addi-
tional expenditures It is believed that similar losses
present stem oi leasing these lands remains unchang
ed These lands are now under the superntc ndence
and care OF the War Department, with the ordinary
duties OF which they have proper natural connec
tion ! recommend the repeal OF the present
tem and that these lands be placed under the supern.
tendence and management of the General Land Office
as other public lands and be brought into market and
sold upon such Congress IN their wisdom may
prescribe erving the government equitable per
centage Of the amount Of mineral product and
that the pre.empon principle be extended to resident
miners and settlers upon them. at the minimum price
which may established by Congress.
refer you to the accompanying report of the Sccre
tary OF War, for information respecting the present
year the state of deiences the condition Of the
public works and relations with the various Indian
tribes within our Limits or upon our borders. invite
atte ntion to the suggestions contained in that
port in relation TO these prominent objects Of national in
ierest.
When orders were given during the past summer for
Texas our troops were widely dispersed and in small
hmenis occupying posts remote from each other
The prompt and expeditions manner in which ermy,
embracing more than half peace establishment
drawn together on an emergency SO sudden reflects
great credit the officers who ntrusted with the
execution OF these ORDERS well upon discipline
OF the army itself To be 10 strer 9Th protect and de-
lend the people and territory OF Texas in the event Mex
leo should commence hosties invade her terrific
res with large army, which she threatened, aIiho.
rized the General assigned to the command Ct the
army OF occupation to make acquisitions for addi-
tona forces from several of the States nearest the
Texan territory and which could fur
nis Them, H. IN hls op,nion arstr sioce than th It
der his Command AMI the aux iafy Hii which, under
like circum,tabc's he was authorized to receive from
Texas, should be req ,ed The contingency upon which
the exercse OF tnis hoy depended bss
The circumstances under which Two comp ries Of State
arl cry ifom he city OF New Orlt ans wee sent INT
Texas, and mustered into the service OF the Unte1
stcs are fully stated IN The repoct OF the Secretary
War. recommend 20 Congress taat Provision be
Tor the pay OF these oops Is we'll as small mum
Der OF L, volunteers, HON he andng genera
though II necessary 10 receive or muster into our
setvice.
Du ing the last summer the first sgment Of dragons
ms Ia extensive excursions through he Indian Atr
our borders part of them avanc ng nearly the
possess ons OF the Hudsons ~ Company in The north
und part far as The South Pa.s Il tue X cky noun
tsns aud 'ne head waters cf the tributary sr-nn'
OF the Colorado OF the West Toe exhibition If th
military ioics among tue Indian tubes j. those
distant regions. and the ccuncie held with the n
by the commanders Of the expeditions it is believed
will have sslutary influence in restraining them
from hostilities among themselves, and maintain
ing friendly relations between them and the United
States. An inter festng account Of of these
sons accompanies the report Of the Secretary Of War
Under the directions Of the War Department, Breve'
Captain Fremont othe corps Of phcal engineers
hes been employed since s,2 in exploring the country
west of the Mississippi and beyond the Rocky Noun
ains Two expeditions have already been brought 10
close and the reports Of tna scientific and cnterprsing
officer have furnished much interesting and valuable in
formation. He is engaged in third expedition
but is not expected that this ardueus service will he
completed In season to enable to communicate the
result TO Congress AT the present session
Our feiaions it'll the Indian tribes OF favorable
character. The policy ofremoving them TO country
designed for their permanent residence west of the Mis-
sissppi and without the limits Of the organized States
and Territories is better appreciated by them than
was few years ago while edu ration IL ae nded
10 and the habits Of civilized life gaining ground
among them.
Serious difficulties OF long standing continue to dis
tract the several parties into which the Cherokees
unhapply divided The efforts OF the government to ad
just the difficulties between them have heretofore prov
unsuecessiu and there remains probability that THE
desirable object can be accomplished without the aid
further Legislation by Congress- will early pe rot
a. enIta