Mobile register and journal., 1845-12-23

majority.
 APAss AT ARms.-O One of the high Tariff Chan, pions in Congress, Mr. Stewart ot Pennsylvania while letting of d speech m Congress last Tuesday in support ol his motion instruct iie Committee uf Ways and Means to report he sense of the House "that alteration ought to be made in the Tariff oi IS42," found hard customer in Mr. Johnson of East Tennessee. Al several points of the speech, Mt. Johnson interposed some troublesome question or remark, but Mr. Stewart seemed deposed lU pro ceed without interruption. He finally persua. ded by hIs colleagues tp withdraw the moton.- ThereupOn MT. Johnson renewed some of hIs queries We quote from the Nalionsl IntelIigencer:
 Mir. Johnson said he had hoped the gentleman would have told the llonse why he price of free goods had run down in the proportion with those subjected to duty; but he had not done il.
 Mir Stewart denlel that the prices of fee goods had run down in any lhIng like the same prulof 1n The fact not SD.
 hir. Johnson said he had rrorounded To the aea- tleman another question:, and that was wl'e !, after duties had been laid which were suiicien n 10 produce the required revenue the gentleman .s for adding further duties for plotectoni If that was ihe issue, he hoped il would be fully understood, and il the tariff WAS retained, It would he done understands ingly.
 Mir. Stewart was not distinctly heard, but wa. un- dersood 10 reply in the negative. hnl il seemed we had not revenue enough now, and the Secretary was for reducing the tariff. that might get more. That was tbe doctline. When ihe Treasury was too full, then the tariff w7s to be reduced that the revenue might be diminished. So full or empty-tou much revenue too ittle-still the dUctIne WAS, Reduce reduce." "The tarih must be reduced!'' Doctor Sangrado's panacea-"bleeding and warm waier.' IA augh.l
 hr. Johnson said il very difficult 10 get the gentleman up 10 the question. The gentleman seem- ed to be in favor cf laying duties for protection after wo had enough for revenue. In other words, to tax one portion oi the coHmunity order to favor ther portion.
 br. Stewart said that there never had been pro- tecliye daty which ia he end had taxed any one man in this commun" single cent; it's effect had ever been reduce prCes, not to raise them. Let the gentleman put his finger n single article the price of which had been raised by prOteciive duty they always reduced the prce by competition and increased supply. He challenged the gentleman 10 point him to one. 10 il sing instance in which the price had been ultimately increased. Ths was an issue of fact, and he challenged the gentleman the scrutiny.
 Mr. Johnson sand he diSked greatly to see ihe gentleman from Pennsy ylvania thrown into such con tortlons and using such very violent gesticulalion Il had an onInous appearance [Langhter.l He diSked any gentleman to lose hs balance. His own object had been 10 make issue with the gen teInan before the House and the nation. He had wished that gentleman distinctly to define his posi- ton, Perhaps Mr. J. misook the true meaning of the word "protection." The gentleman said that protection had always reduced price. But was that which reduced price, protection? If so, his own constituents greatly misunderstood the term. Did the gentleman intend his constituents understand that by keeping up the present tariff he should he re- ducing the pI ice of Inc goods they manuaclured1
 Mir. Stewart said he was willing 10 make issue with the genIjeman but il should be issue of fact. He asserted that the effect of imposing protect ing duies had uniformly been 10 reduce prlces and he could produce Inst of more than eighty protected articles which would prove it. He again challenged the gentleman to show him whose price had been increased. Here rendered to the gentleman issue of facts. Would he meet it?
 Mir. Johnson said he had always understood protec- ton to mean the ena ling those engaged in par
 cular branch ot business get higher prices than they could otherwise obtsin.
 Mir. Stewart. Not at all
 Mir. Johnson. Then what did protection" mean! fiji did not enable map 10 obun great CT profit than lie could get otherwise, what did il do Tor hlm! Was it not that enabled him To get q greater price for what he sodl
 MT Stewart. No: il was not getting larger price, but getting larger amount of business, a wider market; IL was the advantage of improved cent roht on business of .000 year more than 20 per cent profit on 5000.
 MT Johnson said his understanding of the term was that it was meant to build up the weak, who could not get along without some aid from the Gov ernment; and that II aided this weak pOrtion by draining aid from other portions oi society," If the gentleman meant what he sald he lancied the people of Pennsy Iyauia did not understand t Far be il from him 10 express or to feel any disrespect for that ancient Commonwealth; he cherished great attachment for her; but he could not but feel aston shed that she should send here u msa who gave such definition of protection. The conclusion seemed very clear that Pensyr rania could real se lhe same amount of profit ithout as with tar if oi protection. Had not the gentleman shown that the effect of such tariff always was to reduce hpy aha l,1il hart rest!
 Mir. Stewart said he had stated facts; protective duties had reduced prices; let the gentleman dis prove them if he could; they had reduced burdens and taxes, and the gentleman, on his own principles ought therefore To unite with Ii,m in eulogizing and sustaining the protective policy.
 Mr. Johnson sad that articles free of duty had also fallen in price. What was it that reduced these! All were familiar with the fact: How did the gentleman account for iil
 hlr. Stewart sad the gentleman had asked him number of questions: he should like 10 ask the gen. leman one in his turn. Had the price of produce and the prIce o' labor declined in the same prOpOr tion with the price oi protected manufactures! They had mol. Competition, improved machinery, and augmented ski had reduced the price the latter and the increased demand resulting from protection had increased the price of the former. Could the gentleman deny 1t!
 Mir. Johnson said that, the gentleman had an. swered himself, he presumed he was excused. He was si induced 10 think that when the tariff came to be understood by the honest yeonanry of Penn- sylsania, they would be satisfied with such prols;- ton as could be derIyed from revenue tariff When they got to understand the effect of sucl pro tecion Il revenue tariff would give, they would be even more than satisfied. Pennay lyania wanted A stable policy. Let the amount necessary for revenue be fixed, and then lay tariff to meet il, and ihs protection that could be enjoyed under it would sat- isiy Pennsy ylvania.
 She was blessed in larger degree than many of her sister States. She was blessed with extensive beds of coal and mines of ore, and in such abund- to furnish supply long as the woild should last. She had mild and heallhiul climate, and abundant streams and water power; then she had all the improvements derived from the inlrodac- ton of steam, and added 10 all the crownng bless ing oft rich and fertile soil Such tariff as would .I.. .Ia hua