The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-03-10

nsrun OF ions, clnSses and ndlVlduhs we
need National Banks, or other extraneou1 lnSlilu'
tinns planted around the Government, to contro' or
strengthen il in opposition 10 the will OF It's authors
Experience has taught Us how unnecessary, they are
IA nuxl ines of the public authorizes, no" ihpotcht
for good, and how powerful for mischief
Ours was intended 10 be- plain and frugal govern
nlent and shall regard il to he my duty 10 recon-
mend TO Congress- and, rs car rs tho Executive -
concerned 10 eninfoe by all tho means WITHIN my
power the stcest economy in the expenditure OF the
public money, which may be compatible with the
public interests.
\ National Debt has become almost an institution
Of European monarchies. II is viewed, IN some OF
them as nm essential prop to existing governmenis.-
Melancholy is the condition Of that people whose gov
eminent can be sustained only by system winch pc
rodicaly transfers large amounts from the labor OF
the many 10 the Golfers Of the few. Such system
is incompatible with the ends for which our republic
can government was instituted Under wise policy,
the debts contracted in Revolution, and during
the wnr Of 1912, have been happily eXtinguish'd-
by judiciouS application Of the revenues, not requr-
ed for other necessary purposes, is not doubted that
the debt which has grown out OF the circumstances
OF the last few years mny be speedily paid OIL
congratulate my celIow citizens on the entire res
toraon Or the credit of the General Government of
the Union, and that Of many Of the States. Happy
would il be for the indebted States if they freed
from their liabilities many Of which were Incuuously
contracted Although the Government OF the Union Is
neither in a legal nor a moral sense bound for the
debts Of the States, and it would he violation Of our
compact Of Union TO assume lhem,ye we cannot but
feel deep interest in seeing all the States meet their
public liabilities, and pay off their just debts at tho
earliest practicable period. Tint they will do
soon it can be done without imposing TOO heavy
burdens their citizens there is TO doubt
The sound moral aud honorable feeling Of the people
of the indebted States cannot be questioned; and
are happy TO perceive settled disposition their
prt, their ability returns alter season Of unex-
anpled pecuniary embarrassment, to pay off all just
demands, aud to acquiesce in any reasonable meas
b ures to acconp'is that object.
Ono of the difficulties which we have had TO
counter in the practical administration of the govern
ment consists in the adjustment of our revenue laws,
s. the levy the necessary for the support of
government. In the general proposition that more
money shall be collected shan the .tes Of an
nomca administration shall require all rites seem 10
Rcquiosce. Nor does there be any material diff
ference of opinion TO the absence of right in the
government to tax one section of country,
class Of citizens occupation for the mere profit
Of another,
"Justce and sound policy for bid the federal govern
mcnt 10 foster branch of industry TO the deri-
neut of another, or to cherish the interests Of
portion to the jury of another portion of our common
cuuutry'' | have heretofore declared to my fell
low .cizens that, in ''my Judgment it is the duty
of the government to extend, Us far as 1t may be
practicable TO do so, by its revenue laws, and all 9TH
means within its power, fair and Just protection TO
all the great interests of the whole Union, embracing
agriculture, manufactures, the mechanic arts,
merce and navigation" | have also declared my
pinion TO be ''n favor Of tariff for revenue" and
that, sin ad usng the details of such tariff, have
sanctioned such moderate discriminating duties IA
would produce the amount Of revenue needed, and,
the same time afford reasonable incidental protec-
ton to our home industry" and that was "opposed
10 tariff for protection merely, and not for revenue"
TIE power "tO lay AID collect taxes, duties, i'm.
pos 5, and excl sCs, Indispensable one 10 be
conferred on the Federal Government, which with.
out it, would possess means Of providing for It's
own support. In executing this dover 10y levying
Tariff Of duties for the support of Government. the
raising frsvrnuc should be the object and Protcc
ton he Incident To reserve this principle, and
make protection The Object aud revenue the Incl
dent, would be 10 inlet manifest Injustice upon all
other than The protected interests In levy ing du-
lies for revenue, il is doubtless proper to make such
determinations within the revenue principle ill
afford incidental protection to hons interests
Within the revenue limit there Is discretion 10 dis
criminaton; beyond that limit the rght(ul exercise
of the power is not conceded. The incidental pro.
lection afforded to our home interests ny dlScrimina.
tons within the revenue range it is believed will he
ample. In making Determinations, all our home in
ercsts should, tar practicable, be equally pro-
tected The largest portion of our people agri-
cuItuiis;s. Others employed IN manufactures,
commerce, navigation and the mechanic arts They
all engaged in their respective pursuits and their
Joint laburs constitute the National home industry
! 10 tax branch Of this home industry for the
benefit of another, would he unjust. No one of
these interests rightfulIy cl,im advantage
over the others, o be enrichedIhy impoverishing
the others. All equally entitled TO the fostering
and protection OF the Government In exer-
cising a sound discretion in evying discriminating
duties within the limit prescribed, should he
taken that it be done in manner not to benefit ths
wealthy few, at the expense Of the telling millions
by taxing lowest the Injuries of life articles of
superior quality aud high price, which Gun only be
consumed by :he wealthy; and highest tho necessa
rirs of life, articles Of quality aid low price,
which the poor and great mass uf our people must
consume. The burdens of Government should. as
far as practicable, lie distributed justly aud equally
among all classes OF our population. These general
views, long entertained this SUI ect have deem.
ed it proper reerate. II is subject upon which
conflicting interests Of sections anu occupations
supposed To exist, and spirit of mutual concession
and compr mise in adjusting its details SHOULD be
cherished by every part of our widespread country
the only of preserving harmony and a
cheerful acquiescence all in the operation of our
revenue laws. Our patriotic citizens in every part of
the Union will readily submit TO the payment of
such shall be needed for the support of their
Government, whether in peace or in war; if they are
levied to distribute the burdens equally as pos
sihle among them.
The republic of Texas has made known her desire
to into Union, to form part of our confed