New-York daily tribune., 1845-05-22

OF the age Yet that country, as insignificant in
size as II is indifferent IL condition, held nearly
half of South America under the iron sway ni
Colonial bondage from the period of lis discovery
until 1922
The short space Of twenty-three years is all
that Brazil has yet Enjoyed for the great object OF
establishing ne! character as an independent ma
ton During that period. she has had 10 contend
with great and almost numbrrless difficulties
large proportion of the Inhabitants were persons
born or educated IN Portugal, and consequently I'M
hued with the narrow views and the lllIberal tael-
lngs so common to the Portuguese The laws, The
modes OF doing business. as we'll as OF thinking and
OF acting, that universally prevailed, were Portn-
guese. All these required decided renovation, IN
order 10 suit the circumstances OF new Empire
rising lh,o being during The progress OF the Mae
teeRth Century.
"Sucb renovation is not the work OF day; and
If il should appear that yet II has only properly
commenced, still the Brazilian nation will stand
before the world as deserving the highest credit
She has broken off bonds that had remained rIveted
upon her for ages She has advanced from a de-
grading Colonial servlIude to high and honorable
position among The nations OF the earth. What IL,
perhaps stll better, she cherlshes desire for I'M
provcment She directs vgIlent eye toward
other naiions-she observes the working OF their
different institutions, and manifesrs disposition
to adopt those which are truly excellent, as lar and
Il. FAST as they IN be adapted 10 her circumstances
Brazil s suffering at the present time most Sc
verely from two causes 81. The cnpped and de-
! 'eriorating state Of her finances The lack OF a
free and intelligent population, corresponding IN
number 10 the extent OF her territory.
" These evils are, IN some degree, common-ln
their origin. The revenues of the Empire are
almost entirely the produc, Of heavy duties upon
Commerce Unfortunately, the nation has no
Manufactures 10 call for her Tariff as a means OF
protection Hence, her duties upon Imports con-
stute direct tax upon internal consumption,
| while the dutss upon Exports embarrass her trade
4broad Thns Agriculture is doubly oppressed,
and the lmmense resources OF the country remain
undevel ped.
"Wrre there no other means of providing for the
expenses OF Government II would, perhaps, be idle
dwell upon this runons process, unless II were 10
comment upon II necessary evil. But Is there
no possibility of raising revenue for Brazil from
rhe sale OF Public Lands! Millions upon millions
of acres remain as yet unapproPrated, notwih
| Standing the utter carelessneSs with which the
richest and most valuable portions Of the Public
| Domain have hitherto been yielded TO the owner
,hip OF whomsoe yer might incline 20 take posses
SION of it, Night not Government surveys be In
,tuied and the whole country brought under legal
irmarcation? Hitherto, not one-hiteth part OF II
was ever surveyed; and even IN some populous dis
'ricts great uncertainty respecting boundaries sill
-Xists But what advantages could result from
these surveys. unless foreign immigration were tn
couraged? Comparatively few indeed.
This, however Is another Step essential 10 he
prosperity CT DIdLll, anu me SOONER ut HdlioH l.
aroused to ii4 importance the better Without the
lid of immigration ages i not centuries must yer
apsc, before the capacities Of that great country
will be fairly exhibited In fact, il may be deubIed
~herher the perpetuaed Slave Trade, and The in
crease of the Slave population, will not, without
such balance, reduce The free inhabitants 10 the
condition of dependent minority Yet some
Brazilian Statesmen seem TO think that wonders
nave been already accomplished toward .ncour-
sing immigration. Improvements have been
made, il is true, uron The cid absolute system. ac-
cordins to which, foreigners in former years were
scarcely allowed TO set foot on the soil But those
improvements are exceedingly limited lfit be not
80, whence arises the necessity Of hiring Europeans
Ia settle in one of The most inviting sectons Of thc
New Worldl And why is it,, thai the number OF
immigrants landing yearly in all the ports OF Brazil,
rom all causes combined, is mol equal to lhr
average monthly arrivals in the single port OF New
York =! The answer is al hand. There are radical
defects in the policy of the country on this subject
iefects which mus, be fundamentally rcmedied, be.
lore The population VI 'hr prosperity of Brazil can
.yer be increased to any considerable degree by
accession from abroad