davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
MARYLAND ELECTION.

Authentic and complete returns are in from all
parts of the State, and the result may be thus
briefly summed up:
CoNeRgss.---Of the six members chosen two
are Wings and four are Locofocos. Being loss
of four Wing members.
HOUSE OF DELeeATgs.-The Wings have elect
ed %, and the Locoiocos 80 eIegates--mak-
ing Wing majority of four. The State Senate
is decidedly Wing.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
NORMENT =

This unheard Of wretch, condemned by Lou
lisa Jury to expiate his atrocty by Is years. con-
finement in the Penitentiary, was yesterday there
lodged by the officers of Law. From his age
there can be no doubt that it is equivalent to
sentence for life and from the nature of his crime
(violence upon his own daughter) all will hope
that he will never again contaminate the free and
sweet breath of Heaven, by inhaliDg it on. Of the
walls Of Dungeon !-LYhig.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
Mr.. Whitney, the protector of the great rail.

MIR. WHITNEY, the protector of the great rail-
road from the Northern Lakes to the Oregon Ter
rtory, arrived in ST. Louis on the 9th instant
from the Missouri. He has been on tour of
exploration of the route for this great work.
Leaving The Mississippi at Prairie 'du Chen, hs
crossed over to the great bend of the Missouri,
and expresses himself highly gratifed with the
soil and capacity Of the country TO sustain dense
population, and with the favorable character Of
the route for the enterprise which he proposes and
urges with so much zeal. The. party-seven in
number-are in excellent health.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

JUsT AND GENERoUs.--The Hon. John Hun
ter, of Hunters Island, large proprietor of
lands in Delaware county, New York, has order
ed deed to be made out, granting 200 acres OF
land 10 Mrs. Steele, the widow Of the Deputy
Sheriff who was killed by the Indians in the ex-
ecuiion Of bis duty.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

~ Jesse Hoyt has instituted proceedings be-
fore the Police Court of New York, in order 10
discover the means by which Mackenzie got pos
session Of his letters, which he swears were sto-
len. A number Of witnesses have been examin.
ed. but as yet nothing has been disclosed farther
than has been revealed by Mackenzie himself.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
GOING AHEAD IN EARNEST

"Southerner" writes from New York to the
Richmond Wing, that a company is already
formed, with capital of twelve millions Of DOL
lars, who mean TO apply to the Legislature, at
its next session, for charter to construct Rail-
road from Richmond to Guyandotte, wi,hou, ask
ing a cent from the State.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
OCTOBER COURT.

An order was made at the August term Of the
County Court, directing all the Magistrates to be
summoned, as required by law, to consider the
applications of certain free negroes for privilege
to remain in the State. We are requested TO say
that other matters of public interest will proba.
bly, be brought before them at the same time
A full attendance, therefore, is very desirable.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

Mr.. RoBERT OWEN has called "World's Con-
vention" to meet on Wednesday in the city of
New York. Its purpose is to set all the world
right, or. as Mr.. OWEN expresses it, to create. an
opportunity to make the fact known to all that
the means now exist in great superHuity to effect
a glorious change for humanity over the world,
but especially over the whole of this continent.
We await the result with intense Impotence.
North american.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

- Freeman, the mnlat,o man concerned in
the late outrage, had his called court on Thurs
day last, and was sent on for farther trial before
the Circuit Superior Court. in November. The
two slaves, we presume, will be tried before the
County Court at its next session.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
THE CABINET.

States Journal says:
''As to the Cabinet, we believe it to be dis
cordant one, one calculated to destroy the great
Republican party by its dissensions, and we
look upon the Union, the organ of the disorgan-
izers, as lesser evil in the wake of (the Cabine)
a greater evil.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

a." The Charlottesville Jeffersonan states
that the University of Virginia has commenced
its session under the most prosperous circum-
-
stances. The number Who have been matricu-
lated exceeds that of last Year at the same period
some eight or ten.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

". The District Court of the United States
for the Western District of Virginia commenced
its session in this place on Wednesday the LIST
instant, and adjourned the next day. No bust
ness Of special interest was transacted.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

Moses Johnson, the negro culprt confined in
the Penitentiary at Richmond, who murdered Mr..
Ferguson, one Of the officers Of the institution, is
sentenced TO be hanged on the 10Th Of December.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

The superiority of anthracite coal in smelling
iron ore, over charcoal, seems now to be well es-
tablished, at least as regards economy, where the
former is abundant. The Danvllie (Pa.) Demo
crat says that bar iron of the very best quality,
pronounced by judges equal to the best JuData,
is now made by anthracite GOAL at the new rolling
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

paper printed on one Of the Sandwich Is
lands, says, tina, during The last year it has bad
but one delinquent subscriber. Some civilized
communities might profit by initiating The exam
pie Of the heather islanders.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

In every par, of the Western country, we learn,
intermittent fevers prevail to an unusual extent
Al Dubuque. Galena, Chicago, throughout Iowa,
Wisconsin, Missouri. Indiana and Illinois, there
Is complete epidemic. Even Ohio and Ken.
lucky have not escaped. The fever is not ma
lIgnant in its character.-.4dams Sentinel
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

~ We learn from the Baltimore American
that 97l head Of Cattle were sold in that market
during the last week, at prices ranging from
50. so to S4,75. Included in this number was
lot of 379 head purchased for the Philadelphia
market. The packing season has no. yet opened
in Baltimore.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
One of The late London papers has the follow

One OF The late London papers has the folIow-
ing paragraph:
TRANslTtoN OF CANALS INTO RAILROADS.&C.
general inclination appears TO exist on the part Of
canal proprietors to convert their canals into rail-
ways. The proprietors Of the Kenne. and Avon
canal have agreed to apply TO Parliament for
powers to make their canal into railway. The
Great Western railway company had nearly ru-
ined their carrying trade,to and from Hungerford.
The canal is nlney-three miles long, that is, fifty
seven cot, from Newbury to Bath, and thirty-six
of river navigation. The intention is TO convert
the ifty-seven miles Of cutting into railway
The proprietors Of the Somersetshre canal pur-
pose TO convert it into railway.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
rs N A U IL IN ONE
THURSDAY, OCTOBER Q, Is4s.

u We have been authorized to state tina,
JOHN H. PEYroS, esq. has resigned his seat in
the Senate Of Virginia.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

During the quarter ending Sept. 1916, there
were 6S2,s57 bushels of salt manufactured at the
Salt Works in kanawha.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

"Theophilus Fisk, Esq, of the United States
Journal, arrived in Town yesterday. "--Boston
Times.
7. Sampson Spriggins, Esq, Of the Pocahon-
tas Iron Gray Springs, did not arrive IN town
yesterday Petersburg Int.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

" The rumor is again current that the Hon.
John C. Calhoun is to take the place of Mr.. Nc.
Dufiie in the Senate of the United States.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

The subscription to the New York and Erie
Rail Road is nearly completed. The capital is
three millions, and bat $780, 900 remained to be
raised in the beginning Of last week.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

~ correspondent of the Alexandria Gazette
gives the Washington Union severe hit on the
subject of the indignation it displays, at the
"profigate abuse of private morals'' committed
in the publication of the Mackenzie pamphlet
1t asks, who would suppose that this Indignant
editor was the same person who called so peril
naciously last summer for the publication Of a
private and confidential letter written by Mr.
Clay to Francis P. Blair! Nevertheless it is
even so. The parrot cry of Mr.. Richie fol
"That Letter"-"That Letter'-must be fresh
in the remembrance of the people.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

The Barn of COL VIM. b. Yancey, Of Rock.
ingham was destroyed by fire on Thursday night
together with his crops of grain and hay, and
nine head of horses. 1t is supposed to have been
the work Of an incendiarY.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

We are requested by the Superintendent of the
Western Asylum to state that on the 10Th day of
September, Mr.. w. SMALL, who had for some
years been patient in said Institution, made his
escape. and that nothing has since been heard
from him. The family and other friends of Mr..
Small are of course uneasy, and would be most
grateful for any information in regard to him.
He is genteel looking man. about 45 years OF
age, about feet high and corpuent, dark com
plexion, black eyes and hair, of good address,
and being insane only on one subject, his mental
disorder will not probably be detected by casual
observers. Address DR.. Francis 7. Strbling,
Stanton, or Henry j. Seibert, Esq. HedgesvilIe,
Berkeley.
~ Editors throughout the State will please
copy.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

John Logan, charged with negro stealing, was
tried at the late term of the Superior Court of
Hardy county, convicted, and sentenced 10 three
years Imprisonment in the Penentary.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

u The Lynchburg Vrginian, in some COM
ments upon the false reasoning and misuse made
by the Anii-Tariff papers of the fact that the
Factory Girls at Pittsburg have made a'strke for
reduction of the number of hours of labor, thus
happily illustrates the relation which subsst be-
tween Labor and Capital:
Between Labor and Capital the union is indis-
soluble, and II is essential to both---and the rela-
ton between them is adjusted by law as inflex-
ble as the circumstances in which it had its birth.
That law fixes the wages Of abor-and il is no
more in the power of the wealthy capitalist than
OF the poor laborer TO evade, although both may,
as they often do, rebel against lis requisitions.-
Whenever Capital is abundant and Labor is
scarce, the wages Of the laborer necessarily
high, and 1t may, as ii often does, dictate its own
terms to Capital. So, on the other hand, when
Capital is scarce, and Labor is abundant the
wages Of the laborer are necessarily low, because
the situation of the parties is reversed, and Capt.
tai becomes the dictator. Whenever "a strike,"
therefore, Gas il is called,) occurs among abor-
ers, either to procure higher wages, Or as i'm the
case of the factory girls of Allegheny city, for a
reduction of the hours of labor, it grows out of
change OF those relations. When they agreed
with their employers 10 work twelve hours day,
1t was because necessity compelled them to yield
10 requsiton against which they now rebel
and that rebellion grows cut Of the fact that La
Dor being more in demand now than before, they
can safely assume this attitude. And TO what
canse is their ability TO take this ground ascriba-
Bile! Unquestionaby to the tariff system, which,
by opening new avenues to the employment of
Capital, opens at the same time wider field to
the Laborer, who, without it, would find himself
still more at the mercy Of the capitalist than he is.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

The Hon. James Dunlop, at present Judge of
the Criminal Court of the District of Columbia,
has been appointed Associate Judge of the Cir
cult Court of the District, in the place of the
late Judge Thruston.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
COMMERCE AND FREE TRADE.

The National Magazine, one of the abest
commercial periodicals of the age, declares its
nterminable dissent to the free trade doctrine,
that commerce if left alone, ,UiN regulate itself
1t insists that "a protected industry and -four
ishing commerce ara inseparabIe; that, "acl,ng
in harmony, they exhibit national strength
which nothing can weaken. substantial pros
perity which nothing dinnish;" and that,
in sustaining as they do the truest interests OF
the country, they are the best security for the
maintenance of its honor and independence. 1t
says:
Commerce is human institution, and, like
all other sublunary pursuits, must be subject to
human laws. 1t is a contradiction in terms 20
speak OF any Institution that will regulate itself
and. as it appears TO us, more so of commerce
than OF any other. Its very existence pre-sup-
poses the human family as divided into nations,
and, as is very well known, these nations have
separate and varied customs, manners, laws and
regulations. lnhabtjng different climates, and
possessing III Infinite variety the physical gifts
OF nature and the power and means of prosperity
and happiness from intellectual endowment and
lis improvement, nations, like individuals, have
separate interests, which they are bound to cul-
tIvate In the manner most TO their individual adj
vantage. While we do not deny that a CONNER
cia harmony may be brought forth out of these
various interests, we most uneqUivocally declare
our conviction that this only be the result
not only of laws and regulations, but also of ex-
perlence, to test their valne and fitness; and if
we do not deceive ourselves we shall show that
the history of commerce, from its earliest period,
proves incontestaby that upon no subject has
the human mind been more brought, into action
none has been the cause of more Legislation and,
TO the present hour, the necessity of every effort
of the highest intelligence is required to inves,i-
gate the manifold relations brought about by the
commercial interests of country--more indeed
than is necessary for any other pursuit in which
a community may be engaged.
! Where is imperial Rome1 Where Venice Z
Pisal Genoa! Where are Lubbock, Rostock,
Wismsr, and other Hanse Towns ! once the mis-
tresses Of the seas Where are Spain and Por-
lugal! the DISCOVERIES OF the passage 10 India
! by the Cape Of Good Hope, and the first settlers
of the New World
! These questions answer themselves Their
prosperity and glory have departed, because they
had stable foundation in their domestic indusrv,
but were the mere distributors of the treasures OF
Others"
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

WIN. l.. Mackenzie addresses pretty tart
letter to Thomas Richie, the editor Of the u
Mon, through the New York Tribune, in conse-
quence of some editorial remarks made 10 the
Union in regard to Mackenzie and his pamphlet.
He tells Mr.. Richie that he is at present en-
gagged in writing "The Lives and opinions of
Thomas Richie, Martin Van Buren, and James
X. Polk, with biographical anecdotes of their po-
litical associates" and that he expects to have
the work in Washington by the third week in
November.
Mackenzie says that the boxes containing the
letters were opened by others, by direction OF
Mr. Bogardus, the assistant collector OF the Gus
tom house, and that his acquaintance with their
contents arose from being employed to sort them,
if Of use, into three thousand new pigeon-holes
then nearly hnished-and if not Of use, TO send
the boxes and papers to the attic.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
TIE TEXAS CONSTITUTION.

~ The people Of Texas are TO vote on the
question Of the adoption of the new State Con.
s,i,u,on on the 18th of this month. A synopsis
Of some Of its provisions is given below:
The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction
only; the district courts have jurisdiction both
in law and equity; and in all cases in equity
either party may claim trial by jury.
The pardoning power is vested in the Execu-
tive, except in cases Of treason and impeachlnent
The Governor possesses the veto power, quail
fled, however, as in the United States Constitu-
ton.
In no case can the Legislature authorize the
issue OF treasury warrants or treasury notes, or
paper of any description, to circulate as money.
The Legislature has power 10 protect by law,
from forced sale, certain portion Of the property
Of all heads of families. The homestead of a
family not to exceed two hundred acres Of land,
mot included in a town or city, or any town or
city lot or lots, in value not to exceed $4,000,
shall not be subject 10 forced sale for any debt
hereafter contracted; nor shall the owner, if a
married man, be at liberty to ALLEVIATE the same,
unless by the consent Of the wife, in such man
ner as the Legislature may hereafter point out.
Taxation is TO be uniform throughout the State !;
the Legislature may pass an income tax, and it
may exempt from taxation $3.50 worth of tho
household furniture or other property belonging
to each family in the State.
The Legislature cannot contract debts TO ex-
coed in the aggregate the sum Of 100000, ex-
cept in case of war, TO Eepel invasions, or sup
press instructions; and in no case shall any
amount be borrowed, except by vote of two
thirds of both Houses Of the Legislature.
On the subject of Slavery, the provisions are
very explicit. The Legislature to have no power
TO pass emancipation laws, to free slaves without
| the consent of their owners-nor then, without
paying their value TO the owners. The trial by
jury is to be secured to slaves, for all crimes of
higher grade than petit larceny, and punish
ment is to be inflicted upon any person for the
murder or ACKNOWLEDGMENT of slave, just as in
the case OF a white person, and upon like proof,
except in the case Of the insurrection OF slaves.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09

sit is true that some Of the Wing papers in New
York did question some of the revelations of "rhe
Mysteries Of lniquity" but the prominent actors in
them, although publicly challenged do by the
thor, have not dared to deny them. Really the En-
quirer begins to show remarkable liking for ''Whig
authority"
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1845-10-09
NEW YORK PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CON-
VENTION


On Saturday the 9th, the following resolution,
reported by the majority OF the Standing Com
mi,,ee, was adopted by the Convention, with few
dissenting voices :-"And that until eflec,ual and
permanent provisions be made for the supply Of
Episcopal services the Standing Committee should
continue, in its own name and authority, to invite
the performance of such Episcopal acts Tor or
within the diocese as may be necessary. by Bish-
ops Of this Church, and that the expenses Of
such services shall be paid out of the income of
the Episcopal fund.-"
The subsequent proceedings in regard to the
Bishop were attended with good deal Of excite
ment. II appears from the New York Sun that
the arrearages due to him are to be paid up to the
day of his suspension, amounting to $4,000. but
that hereafter he is to receive no salary at least
not until some further action be taken at the Gen.
eral Episcopal Convention, which is to be held
in Philadelphia in lS47. The Convention ad-
journed on Tuesday, and the members separated
in much better feeling towards each other than
had been anticipated, from the stormy character
Of much Of the session.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1845-11-07
RAIL ROAD.

U~The meeting Of the Directors Of the
Central Railroad Company, yesterday drew
vary large crowd from the surrounding
'owns-,hus evincing the exceedingly deep
interest which is felt in the Gulf and North
Held routes. The friends of the Gulf route
had hearing, and the Agents of the North
field route declined making any statements,
preferring to rely upon the surveys of the
engineers. The engineers did not finish
their surveys until Saturday night last, and
OF course II was not possible for them to have
prepared reports of the surveys, estimates,
&C., which will be required. The Diree-
tors 'hereupon decided that if they cannot
come to a unanimous decision for reasons
which should be satisfactory 10 the public,
another meeting will be holden at which the
whole matter will he put to as severe scru,i-
ny as any body may desire. The decision
was approved by a unanimous vote of the
people assembled Waterman, 4th Nor.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1845-11-07
POTATOES.

We hear sad accounts Fl ON all quarters, Of
the destruction of potatoes. Mos. Of those
that were apparently sound when pu. into
the cellar. are now more or less affected, and
in some instances large cribs have been ru-
ined before the owners were aware OF dam
ger. So far as we are Informed, the imme-
date cause Of this is the heat and moisture
generated by large piles-and when we say
large plies, we mean Accommodations Of even
a foot or two in depth. The only salvation
seems to be, TO spread thin and keep cool
and dry. Even where a potatoe is partially
consumed, the disease may be dried up and
arrested but The virus remains, and needs
only the favoring circumstances of warmth
and moisture to quicken i, into new life and
energy. We observe that a German chem.
list recommends the free application of lime
10 fields affected with the disease. Nigh, not
the application of dry lime to potatoes in the
crib be Of service
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1845-11-07

DEMONSTRATION. Hopkins L. Turney,
formerly of the House, has been chosen U.
S. Senator from Tennessee, in place of Hon.
Ephraim II. Foster. The vote on the 25th,
ION the 14th ballot, we believe,) stood:
II. L. Turney, 53. VIM. C. Dunlap. 46.
The Wings all voted for Tnrney, who IS
vehemen'ly accused by the majority Of his
party Of having bargained with them to Sc
cure his election over A. o. p. Nicholson,
the relative and confident Of Polk. The ex-
element in Nashvil was very great, and tho
debates and proceedings in the Legislature
very disorderly. The Loco Foco speakers
'nsinua'ed all manner of hard things against
the Senator elect. The Wings rejoiced
greatly over the result-wiih what reason
remains 10 be seen.