Mobile register and journal., 1845-03-12

,n,crrst of sections or classes must operate the prejudice uf the interests olihelr fellow cxeas, and should be avoided. lf the compromises ol the cnnsi- tulion be preserved If sectional leaonaes and heart burnings be discounie ntnced-i cur laws be Jusf, and the government be practically administered strictly within the limits oi power prescr'r-dt to n, we may discard all apprehensions Tor the saleiy of the Union.
 With these views of ihe nature, characieT and obiecls of the government. and ihe value Of the In,nn I shall steadily oppose the creation of those institutions and systems, winch, 'n iheir nI- ture tend to peryerl il from its legitimate purposes, and make it the instrument ot sections, classes aad individuals. We need no nallonai banks, or other exuaneous institutions, planted around The go- vernme nt to control or strengthen II m opposition 10 the will of it's authors Experience hhs taught us how unnecessary they auxiIlarles o the public authorities, how impOtent for good and how power ful for mischief
 Ours was intended to be plain and frugal gov ernment; and shall regard it to be my duly 10 re- commend to congress- and as far as the execution IS concerned, to enforce by all the means within my power, the stricesl economy in the expenditure of the public money, which may be compatible w'lh the pubic interests.
 A national debt has become almost an institution of European monarchies It s viewed Tn some of ihrm as an essential prop to existing governments Melancholy is the condition of that people whose go- vernn ent can be sustained only by system winch periodically transfers large amounts from the abors of ihe many to the cofftrs tf the lew. onch system is incompatible with the ends tor whirh our | re, ublcan government was instituted. Under a wise policy, the debts contracted m our revolution, and during the war Of 1872, have been happily ex- tnguished By julclous application oi tne reve- nues, not required for other necessary purposes, II is not doubted that the debt which has grown out ot the circumstances of the last few years may be spec dily pad off.
 congratulate my fellow citizens of the entire res- toralon ofthe credit of the geueral government of the Union, and that many Of the states. Happy wond il be for the indebted States if they were freed from their liabilities, many of which were lncautious- ly contracted Although Inc government oi the Union is nei her in legal moral sensa bound for th :; debts of the States, and il would he violation oi our com pact uf Unun to assume them, yet we ca'i- not but feel deep interest seeing all me states meet their public liabilities and pay of their just debts, at the earliest practicable perod That they will do | 70 as soon as ii can be done without imposing too heavy burdens on their citizens, there is no reason doubt The sound moral, honorable ieeiing of the people of the indebted Staes cannot be questioned; and we are happy io perceive settled disposition on their part as their ability returns, after season of unexanpled pecuniary embarrassment, to pay on all msi demands. and 10 acquiesce h any reas"naoie measures 10 accomplish that object
 One of the difficulties which we nave had 10 en- counter in the practical administration oitle govern ment consists in inc adjustment fuur revenue aws and the lew of the necessary for tie support nf nfgovernnent In the general proposition, that no mre money shall be lecied than the neces tues oi an economical administration shall rqulre, all pr,ies seem ,o acquiesce Nor does 'here seem to be any material difference of opinion as o the ab- sence of right in the government to tax one section d country, or one class of citizens, or one occupa- ton, fur the profit of another. Justice ana soun policy forbid lhe federal government lo Orter one branch of industry to the deirlment oi another cherish the interests 0 one portion 10 ,he inJu- | " of another portion uf our common country. have heretnlre declared io my fellow citizens that, | i, s'mv judgement il is ihe duty of the government t extend, far as i' may be practicable |" do so. iy it's revenue laws. and all other means within ,is | ,wpr fair and inst protection 10 all the great In- lerests of the whole Union, embracing agriculture, | nanulaciuics. the mechanic arts, commerce. and ravealion" I have also declared my opinion 10 be 'in favor of tariff for revenue, and that. "n ad, psiing the details of such tariff, have sanctioned such moderate discriminating duties as would pro- dace ie amount oi revenue needed, and at the same time, afford reasonable incidental protection to oul home indusry;" and thai was "opposed 10 tarit for protection merely, and not for revenue;
 The power "to lay and collect taxes, dut'es, i'm rosts and excises, was an indispensable one to oe conferred on the federal government, which, without il, would possess no of providing for Its own support. In executing this power by levy'ng iarih of duties for the support of governments the raising o rerenue should be the object, and protection the 'dent
 To thIs principle, and make PToecf'on te oo jeet and revenue the incident, would to infct man
 fest njns,ce upon all other than the protected inter ests. In evyng duties for revenue, Il IS doubtless proper 10 make such observation-disclosures within the rev enue princ,ple as will afford incidental protection te our home interests. Within the revenue limit, there | is a discretion to discriminate; beyond that limit the rightfu exercise of the power IS not conceded The incidental protection afforded to our home inter ests by d,scrminations within the revenue range, Il is believed will be ample In making dscrimnations, all home interests should, as far as practicable | be equally protected. The largest portion of our pla rtate af ri manufactures, commerce, navigation, and the me- | chanic arts.
 | They all engaged in their respective pursuits, and their joint labors constitute the national home industry. To one branch of this home industry for the benefit of another, would be unjust. No one Of these interests can rightuly claim an advantage over the others, to be enriched by mpoverishIng the others. All are equally entitled to the fostering care and protection of the government. In exercis. ing sound discretion in eyying discriminating du ties within the limit prescribed, should be taken that il he done in manner mol to benefit the wealthy few. at the expense of the tong millions, by taxing iowest the luxures of le articles of superior qa itv and high price, which can only be consumed by the wealthy; and highest the necessares of life, or articles of coarse quality and low price, which the poor and great mass Of our people must consume.- The burdens of government should, far practi. gable, be distributed justly and equally among all classes of our population These general views long entertained on this subject. have deemed Il proper to reerate. It is subject upon which con ficling interests of sections and occupations are
 supposed to 's, and spirit of mutual concession and compromise in adjusting it's details should be cherished by every part ofour wide spread country as the only means of preserving harmony and d cheerful acquIescence of all in the operation of oal | revenue laws. Our patriotic ciizens n every part of the Union will readily submit to the payment o such taxes as shall be needed for the support of heil government, whether in peace in war; if they are 50 lev red as to d,sribpte the burdens as equally a, possible among them. ..-.L ..s. ..
 The republic of Texas has made known her de- sire to come into our Union, to form part of conede,acy, and enjoy with us the blessings of lib ertv secured and guarantied nv our constitution Texas was once part of our country--was unwIse ly cedea away lo foreign power-s now ,ndepen dent. and possesses undoubted right ,e dispose part or the whole of her territory and to merge heI sovereignty, as separate and independent State in ours. congratulate my country that, by an ac of the late Congress of the United States. the asse of ihis government has been gven to the reunion and it only remains for tine two countries to agree upon ihe terms, 10 consumlnatean object SO imports tant to both.
 regard the question of annex xation as belong ing exclusively to the United States and Texas. The, are independent powers, competent 10 contract; nd foreign nations have noDright to interfere with ibem | or to take exceptions to their reunion. Foreign powers do not to appreciate the character ur'government. Our Union a confederation o independen. States, whose policy is peace with each other and all the world. To enlarge it's limits, is to extend the dominions of peace additional terri tories and increasing millions The worli has mo- thIng to fear from military ambition govern. ment. While he chief magistrate and the popular branch of Congress are elected for short terms by the sufrages of those millions wh, must, in their own persons. bear all the bun dens and miseries of ' war, our government cOnnot be otherwise than paci-