The New York herald., 1845-12-03

tiles for the construction of vessels OF this descrintio
their employment They are admirably adapted to III
projection OF to the rapid transmits so
Of intelligence and to the coast defence In pursuanc
OF the wise policy OF gradual increase Of ou
navy, large supplies of live oak timber, and oths
materials for ship building, have been collected and
while iron steamers can be built with great facility Il
various parts OF the Union The OF iron a mate
rial especially in the construction 81 steamers, whoi
can enter with safety many OF the harbors along ou
coast inaccessible to vessels of great draught
the praciicaby Of constructing them IN the Interior
strongly ends that liberal appropriations shoul
be made for this important object Whatever may have
been our policy in the earlier stages OF the
when the nation was in is infancy our shipping interests
and commerce comparatively small resources limit
ed urpopnlation sparse and scarcely extending be
the limits Of the original thirtee States that policy mus
be essentially different now that we hove grown from
three to more antwenty millions people that
meIce carried in our own ships is found in every
and that territorial boundaries and settlements have
been so greatly expanded. Neither commerce, nor
our long line of coast the and tho lakes
be successfully defended against foreign aggression by
means of Notifications alone These essential al
important rcal and military points but our chief
efficient navy. The benefits resulting from such navy
are not confined to the Atlantic States. The prou
OF the interior which seek market abroad directly
dependent on the safety and freedom of our commerce
The occupation OF the Balze below New Orleans by
hostile force would embarrass fpot stagnas the whole
export trade of the Mississippi and aft the value OF
the agricultural products OF the entire valley of that
mighty river and its tributaries
II has never been policy to maintain largo stand.
ing armies IN time OF peace They contrary to the
genus OF our administrations, would impose heavy bur-
dens on the people and bo dangerous to public liberty
Our reliance for protect and defence the land
be mainly our czon soldiers, who will be
dy as they nave been ready in times past to rush
with aiscry at the call Of their country to her defence
This description of force however, cannot defend
coast harbors, and inland seas, protect com.
merce on the ocean or the lakes. These be pro.
tected by our navy.
Considering increased naval force and especially
OF steam vesseli corresponding with growth and
importance nation, and propor ortioned TO the in
na n
vast Importance as regards our safety and the great and
growing interests to be protected by it, recommend the
ubect 10 the favorable consideration of Congress
The report OF the 20 itmaster General herewith COM
municated contains detailed statement of tie opera
tions OF his department during the past year. 1t will be
seen that the income from posages viii fall short
the expenditures for the year between and mil
lions oi COLLARS inns aehcIency has been caused by
the reduction oi the rates OF postage which made
by the act OF the third Of March last No principle
has been more generally acquesced in by the
people than that this department should sustain itself by
limiting its expenditures to its income Congress has
sought to make it OF revenue for gene raj
purposes except for short period during the last war
with Great Britain, should /, ever become charge
on the general treasury H Congress shall adhere TO
this principle as think they ought will be necessary
either to cnTal the present mail service reduce
the expendu or SO to modify the act of the third of
March last as to improve its The extension
OF the mail service and the additional facilities which
will be demanded by the rapid extension and in
crease OF population on western frontier, will not
admit OF such curtailnent as will materially
dnce the present expenditures In the adjustment
of the tariff OF postages the interests of the
people demand that the lowest rates be adopted which
viii produce the necessary to meet the expen.
dures OF the department invite the attention OF Con-
gress TO the suggestions OF the Posmastmaster General
this subject under the belief that such
OF the late law NAV be made will yield sufficient
venue without further calls on the treasury and with
very little change in the present rates OF postage
Proper measures have been taken pursuance of the
act OF the third of March last for the establishment Of
lines Of mail steamers between this and foreign coun.
tries The importance OF this service commends itself
strongly to favorable consideration,
WIN the growth OF our country the public business
which devoives on the heads Of the several Executive
Depaitmens has greatly increased. In respects,
th distribution OF duties among them
gruous and msny Of these might be transferred from
one TO another with advantage to the public interests
more suspicious time for the consideration Of this sub
Ject by Congress, with view to system in the organiza
ton OF the several departments and more
division Of the public business will not probably occur
The most important duties of the State Department
late to our foreign affairs By the great enlargement
the family OF naons tho increa Of commerce. and
the corresponding extension OF sy stem the
business this deparmenthas been greatly increased
IN rs present organization, many duties Of dome stic
nature, and consisting of details devoved on ehe
Secretary of State which do not appropriately belong
perly he transferred some other department One
these grows out OF the present state oil the law
subordinate clerkshp, but has become distinct burea
o great importance. With excellent internal orga
nzaton II is still connected with the State Department
In the transaction of is business questions
portance to inventors and TO the community frequent
y arise. which BY existing laws referred for dec
sion TO board OF which the Secretary Of State men,
ber. These questions are legal snd the connection
which now EXISTS between the State Department and the
Patent Office may, with great prop,iey and advantage
be transferred to the Attorney General
In his last annual message to Congress- Mr.. Madison
invited attention proper provision tor the Attorney
General as an important provemen in the executive
establishment" This endation rep ed by
some OF his successors The official duties of the Attor
ney General have been much Increased within few
sand his Office has become of great importance
HIS duties be still further with
dence and constant attention at the seat Of
are required Legal questions involving important prin
cples, and large amounts Of public money con
stanily referred to him by the President and exc
cutve departments for his examination and de
csion. The public business under his official manage
ment before the judiciary has been augmented by hs
extension OF territory, and the OF Congress au
thorising suits against the United States for large bodies
OF valuable public lands as greatly to increase his la
the Attorney General be placed the footing with
the heads Of the other executive departments with suct
subordinate officers provided by law for his departme
as may be required to discharge the additional duties
which have been or may be devoved upon him.
congress possess the power OF exclusive Legislation
over the District Of Columbia; and commend tho inter
ests OF its inhabitants to your favorable
The people of this district have legislative body 0
their own, and must conhde their local well as the
general interests to representatives in whose election
they have ne voice. and whose official conduct they
have no control, Each member OF the National Legsa
tnre should consider himself their immediate re pre
sentative and should be the ready to give attention
to their interests and wants because he is not
spirit may characterize your in relation Il
them shall oe ever disposed to show proper re gart
all times cheefully coopea with you tor the ad
vancemeni of their welfare
trust 1t may not be deemed inappropriate to the oc
casol Tor me to dwell for a moment on the memory o
the most eminent citizen Of country, who durne
the surmer that is gone by has descended to the tomb
The enJoymen oil contemplating a, the advance age
near fouscore years the happy condition Of coltr,
cheeied the last hours OF Andrew Jackson who depari
ed this life in tho tranquil hope OF blessed immortality
His death was happy as his life had been eminentIy use
full II had unaltering confidence in the virtue AM
capacity Of the people and the permanence Of tina
free goyernmen, which he had largely contributed t.
establish and defend. His great deeds had secured 4
him the affections of his fellow citizens ant
twas his happiness TO witness the growth and glory
his country which he loved well lie departed amids
the benedictiOns OF millions OF feemep. The natio
paid i,s tribute to his memory at his tomb. Comm,
generations will learn from bis example the love OF cou
Try and tue rights OF man In his language simils
occaion to the present now com mend you, fellow
ci'izens, to the guidance oil Almighty God h full re
lance On His mercifu providence Tor the mantenanc
Of our tree institutions; and with duplication
that vi aever errors it may be my lot commit in dis
charging the arduous duties which have devolved q,
me, will fad remedy in the harmony and wisdom o