The New York herald., 1845-02-07

IIUIII lnfOTmutIOH VIII
be able TO lay before the public, gathered from his
personal inspection OF the modes of tllage and i'm
provements IN Great Britain and the various coun.
tries OF the continent
In compiling the present statistics of the crops
some advantages have been eDioyed for 4 nearer
approach to accuracy, with respect to particular
crops, than was the case in the former reports
Ingether with q minute and extended examination
ol the agricultural papers and other sources of in
formation, the aid OF the members of Cor gress has
usually been afforded to assist in estimating the
crops in their particular districts. These opinions.
compared with the intelligence otherwise Obtained,
iurnisii means Tor a more particular estimate than
might be practicable without them In the former
year, QS42,) 1t VIII he recoected that, owing TO
the protracted session of Congress- reaching to Sen
tember, the members of the National Legislature
were absent from their homes during the season Of
the harvest and the gathering Of the products. so
that they could hardly be expected to have as full
and accurate Knowledge on these subjects ss if
lhey had seen lhe growing crops, and heard the
aally reports OF their progress and success. The
ample information now furnished from this source
tor which both the Commissioner OF Patents and
the public In general are go highly indebIed is de-
rived from those who are able to speak more deci-
slvely respecting the amount of products and causes
OF variations which have been observed the mast
year; tor they who have impaired this knowledge
are, generally fresh from the midst Of the farming
and planting communities.
ELECTRO MAGNETIsM.-In the paper marked l.
will be found description Of the electro. ms gnetic
telegraph, illustrated by plates in language 80 fam
liar as 10 enable any person to understand one OF
the great improvements of the age--one that is
effect, IN the transmission Of intelligence from one
section OF the country to another. Experiments
already made, in England and on the continent,
leave no doubt OF Its practicability and this will
ere long, be further tested the railroad route be-
tween Washington and Baltimore. The choice as
70 the mode OF communication, by wires placed
within leaden pipes under ground, or through sImi-
lar wires suspended in the air, has occasioned
IIun IN ,Axl.o l..
will probably be found much the most economical
IN It's first structure, we'll as in the facility OF re-
pair. The rapdty of communication Is truly
astonishing; 1t IS instantaneous The rate at
which the electromagnetic fluid passes, according
70 MIR. Wheastone, is 2S5 600 miles, equal TO eleven
and half times around the globe, in one second
We see " the streak" of lightning in the heavens,
& ou u leaves no trace me stream OF electricity has
gone far beyond our sight In the same manner
with equal swiftness, the electromagnetic fluid
anerringly conveys the intelligence intrusted to its
operation.
Foreigners are now claiming the merit of the in.
yentlon to reduce this discovery to practice; vet
history it is believed, will hereafter accredii the
highest and most deserved commendation to one
of our countrymen.
A new field is thus laid open for the researches
of science. and new discoveries may yet be ex-
pected; experiments have already been made in
this country, with wires of 16O miles in length, in
suated in coils, with perfect success. small
battery of 100 pairs Of plates sufficient for the
operation OF the whole distance. In effecting the
of intelligence by the telegraph, the
artificial magnet (see the paper l. above mentioned)
created by electricity sets in motion an apparatus
which gives on paper certain characters represent
ing letters OF the alphabet. Communications are
hus recorded, either by day or night, on revov-
lag cylinder, without even superintendence, and
nay be transcribed at leisure.
The medium employed Is simply copper WIRE
insulated and extended on posts, at an expense not
exceeding $3.50 per mile. II is confidently be-
lleved that proprletors will thus connect their
dwellings, with the places of their mechanical ope.
rations. How easily, for instance. could Boston
md Lowell be thus connected. The same posts,
100, would answer for many lines of communica-
ton. Each wire, however, must be insulated; and
strange as 1t may seem, If two wires are placed
horizontally, at some distance apart, and one is
charged, similar effect will be produced on the
other.
Amsng the most curious effects attending this
discovery is the transmission oflntelgence through
single wire at the same time from opposite points.
Thus, on wire reaching from Washington to
baltimore, a message by electricity will pass ano-
her traversing in the contrary direction Cunning
nut, as it were) without any detention. Like The
rays of light, electricity, too, is extremely subtle
Nor is the fact less astonishing, that the ground it.
'elt Is good conductor. and supplies the place Of
another wires which is necessary in ordinary cases
,etore any effect is produced
The advantages of this mode of communication
must be obvious, both in war and peace. The
EAST and the west, the north and the south,
can enjoy the, earliest intelligence of the
markets, and thus be prepared against specu-
lators. Criminals will be deferred from the
commission of crimes, under a hope of escape
pon the "iron horse - for the mandate of justice,
outrnnning their fight, will greet their arrival al
The first stopping place. The numerous inquiries
the telegraph have led me to notice il
With this particularly.
may further add, that the plates Illustrating the
telegraph exhibit another impor-
ant invention-that Of preparing maps and plates
by the process called cerography. This is a new
art. tits now more than nine years since gentle
nan OF New York city conceived the idea Of this
new mode OF engraving, which combines, in
good degree, the peculiar advantages Of the old
methods, viz the facility Of lithography in pre-
pairing the plate for the press, the clear, fine, flow
ing lines OF copperplate engraving, and the dura.
bty, under the press and rapiidty in printing of
wood engraving The value of cerography in fur
nlshing the community with cheap maps may be
inferred from the fact that the eight quarto maps
grautously to the IL 900 subscribers Of
# charged at the rates usually allowed for maps Of
the same size in ENGLAND and the Uniled States,
would have cost $l25, 900.
Intimately connected with this branch of science,
employed in effecting the results obtained by the
telegraph, are the medicinal applications by the
magnetic battery, mentioned in the report OF one
Of the examiners This same wonderful agent
the electro magnetic 1uid-which also gilds the
metals and separates the beautiful ores, dlssol.es
rescuing thus many victims otherwise doomed to
A lingering death, or the sad alternative Of most
excruciating operation. The facility with which
medicines are infused into the system by the aid
Of this battery, leads us to hail the approach Of
quicker alleviation of human woes, and the fnture
success of experiments fraught with the brightest
The experiment of Illuminating the streets of Pa
ris by means Of the electric spark has, as commu-
nicated in the late scientific journals, been also
most successful; and further developments of this
application Of electricity may be expected. This
is, indeed, as it were,. chaining the lightning to
subserve the purposes OF human Improvement.
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS. the Senate,
yesterday, all the constitutional amendments pass
ed upon by the last Legislature, were reported ia
vorable upon by Mr.. Bockee, from the finance COM
mittee, and by Lott, from the judiciary committee
They had their two readings, and were ordered to
third reading without debate. They will, we
have no doubt, as we confidently hope, pass that
body by the constitutional two.thrd vote. In the
House, the same amendme nts are pending in COM
mittee Of the whoe.-Aiba~y Argus, FEB. 4.