The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-03-04

lutlOu, auu Will uc fcauy W uuOpt Pa''~', s'h'
nent, "Our federal Union-h must be preserved
To preserve it, the compromises which alone ena
BLEED our fathers 10 form a common constitution ioi
the government and protection Of so many states aud
distinct communities Of such diversified habits, lne-
rests and domestic institutions, must be saeredy and
relixously observed. Any sttempt 10 disturb or de
slroy these compromises, being terms OF the compact
Of Unlon lead To none other lhan the most rum
Gus and disastrous consequences.
IL Is source of deep regret that, IN some sections
Of our county, misguided persons haso Oocasonal
INDUCED In schemes aud sgtatons, whose object Is
the dest uction Of domestic Institutions existing IN
other soctons--instiluiioDs which existed at the
adoption OF the constitution and were recognised and
protected BY It. an must that II IL possible
for them TO be successful 10 attaining their object
the dissolution OF the Union and the consequent de-
struction Of our happy form Of government, must
speedily follow.
atn happy To believe that at every period of our
existence as nation, there has existed and eontin-
ues 10 exist among the great Of our people, a
devotion the Union OF the States which will shield
and project 1t against the moral treason Of any who
would seriously eontsmplalg lts destruction. To se-
cure continuance Of that devotion the compromises
Ofthe Constitution must not only be preserved but
sectional jealousies and heartburnings must be dis
cou nlenaneed and all should remember that they are
members Of the political family having a com
mon destiny. To increase the attachmen, OF our
/ eople TO the Union, our laws should be Just. Any
policy which shall tend TO favor monopolEs, or the
pes ulr interests Of sections classes operate
10 the pre- udce OF The interests OF their fellow. oli-
Lens, aud should be avoided Ii the compromises Of
the Constu luton be preserved IL sectional jeolousies
and heart burnings be need Iii our laws
be Just, and the government be practically admins
tered strictly wiIhin the limits OF power prescribed TO
1--we may discard ali aPprehensions for the safety
OF the u MON.
With these views Of the nature, character and OBJ
iees Of the government and the value Of the Union,
shall steadily oppose the creation Of those insttu
Mons and systems which, in their nature tend 10 per
vert from It's legitimate purposes and make II the in
stfument Of sections classes and ndyidusls We need
no national banks, or other eItaneous institutions
planted around the govern 10 control or streny
II in opposition 10 the will OF Its authors. Expe-
Renee has taught Us how unnecessary they are a.
aurIlisiies Of the public SuIhonues, how impotent
for good, and how powerful tor mischief
Ours was intended TO be plain and frugal govern.
men; and shall regard It To be my duty to recon-
uend 10 Congress, and as far as the executive is
concerned 10 enfoIce by all the means within nv
power, the strictgsl economy The expenditure OF
the pubAo money, when may be compatible with the
public Interests.
A national debt has become almost an institution OF
European monarchies 1t is viewed, in some OF them,
as an essential prop to existing governments. Me
anehoy Is the condition of that people whose gov.
ernment can be sustained only by system which pe-
riodlcaly transfers large amounts from the labor of
the many To the Golfers Of the few. Such system is
incompatible with the ends for which our republican
government was Instituted. Under Use policy the
debts contracted IN our revolution, and curing the
of 1912, have been happily extlnguished. By a
judcious application Of the revenues not required
Tor other necessary purposes, II is doubted that
the debt which has grown out Of the circumstances
of the last few years may be speedily paid off
congratulate my fellow-citizens on the entire re-
At. E.Atf lR daf ~ o H.. a
the Union, and that Of many of the States. Happy
would II be for the indebted States if they were freed
from their liabilities, many Of which were incat,-
tously contracted. Although the government of The
Union is heither in legal nor moral sense hound
Tor the debts OF the States and would be yiolaon
of our compact OF Union to assume them vet we
cannot but feel deep interest 10 seeing all The States
meet their public liabilities and pay oil their ms,
debts at the earliest practicable period That thew
will do so, as soon as II can be done without mpos-
ing too heavy burdens their citizens there is no
reason to doubt. The sound, moral, and honorable
feeling OF the people OF the indebted States cannot
be questioned; and we are happy TO perceive set
tied disposition on their part, as their ability re.
turns, after season Of unexamped pecuniary en-
barrassmcnt, to pay of all just demands, and to ac
quiesce IN any reasonable measures to ACCOMPLISH
that object
One of the difficulties which we have had tn en-.
counter IN the practical administration of The govern
ment, consists in the ad ustment of our revenue laws
and the levy OF the taxes necessary for the supporr
government. In the general proposition, that no
more money shall be collected than the necessities a,
an economical administration shall require all mar
ties seem to acquiesce. Nor does there seem To no
any material difference of opinion us to the absence
OF right IN the government totax section of coup-
Try, UT one class OF Citizens, or one occupatnD
tor the mere profit of another "Jus,ice and sounJ
policy forbid the federal government TO foster one
hKat, oh Of, H..
cherish the interests OF one portion TO the injury OF
another portion Of common country" / have
heretofore declared to my fellow that in "mv
Judgement 1t Is the duty of the government to extend
as FAR as may be practicable do So by its
laws, and all other means within s power fair and
just protection to all the great interests Of the whole
Union, embracing agriculture, manufactures, the me-
chanic arts, commerce, and navigation" | have
also declared my opinion to be in favor of IN, IA
Tor revenue, and that, in adjusting the details of
such tariff, | have sanctioned such moderate dis
eliminating duties would produce the amount Of
revenue needed and, at the time afford reason
able Incidental protection to home industry and
and not for revenue"
The power "to lay and collect taxes. duties i'm.
posts, and excses, was an indispen sable one Ia he
CO ferred on the federal government which without
it, would possess no means of providing for its snD
port. In executing this power by levyiny tariff of
duties for the support of government the raising of
should be the object, and protection he incident
To reverse this principle and make protection the object
and the incident would be to infic manifest
injustice upon all other than the protected interests
In levyog duties for revenue it is doubtless proper to
make such determinations within the repenue princi-
pie will afford incidental protection TO our home
interests. Within the revenue limit there is a dis
cie'ion to Discriminate beyond that limit the right
full exercise OF the power is not conceded The inci-
dental protection afforded to home interests by
determinations within the revenue range it is beliey
ed will be ample. In making determinations, all our
home interests should, as far practicable be equal
y protected The largest portion of our people are
ogrculturalIs's' Others are employed in manufac-
lures, commerce. navigation, and the mechanic arts
They are all engaged in their respective pursuits and
their joint abors constitute the national or home in
dustry To tax one branch Of this home industry for
the benefit OF another, would be unjust No one Of
these interests rghtfuy claim an advantage over
the others, or to be enriched by impoverisbipg the
others. All equally entitled to the fostering care