The Arkansas banner., 1845-12-24

planter who tllls yearly Tn hls belds, IS en- gagged in "domestic industry," and is as msrll entitled to have his labor ..prolected'' as the manufacturers, the man of commerce, the navigator, or the mechanic, who are engaged also Ill ''domestic industry" in their different pursuits. The joint abors of all those classes constitute the aggregate of the '.domesttc in- dustry" of the nation, and they are equally entitled 10 the nations s.protection." No one of them can justly claim to be the ex- elusive recipients of "proteetion,o which can only be afforded by increasing burdens on the "domestic industry," of the others.
 if these views be correct, Il remains to ill., olire how far the tariff act of lo42 IS consis- tent with them. That many of the provisions of that acL are ill violation ot the cardinal principles here laid down, all must concede. The rates of duty imposed by 1t on some articles are prohlbitoy, and on others so high as greatly 10 diminish imporlaiions and to produce less amount of revenue than would be derived from lower rates. They operate as '.protection merely" to one branch of ssdomestic industry,o by taxing other branches.
 By the introduction of minimums, or as stunned and false values, and by the imposi- ton of specific duties, the injustice and n- equality of the act of l8l2. iii it's practical operations on different classes and pursuits, are seen and felt Many of the oppressive duties imposed by it under the operation oi ] these principles, range from one pr el. to more than 200 pr cl They are prohlbiory on some articles, and partially so on others, and bear most heavily on articles oi common necessity, and but lightly OH articles oi lux nry. IL is so framed that much the greatest burden which 1t imposes IS thrown on labor and the poorer classes who are least able to bear it, while it protects capital and eXempts the r.ch from paying their just proportion ol the taxation required for the support ot the government. While Ii protects the capital ol the wealthy manufacturer, and increases his profits. il does not benefit le operatives or laborers in his employment. whose wages have not been increased by il. Articles Of primenecessitV CT of course quality and low price, used by tie masses of the people, are' in many instances, subjected by il to heavy taxes, which articles ol finer quality and higher price, or ol luxury, which can be used only by the opulent, are lightly taxed. 1t imposes heavy and unjust burdens on the farmer, the commercial man, aud those oi all other pursuits except lhe capitalist who has made his investments by manufactures. All the great interests of the country are not, as nearly as may be practicable, equally protec- ted hy 1t.
 The government ill theory knows no dis linction of persons or classes, and should not bestow upon some tavors and privileges which all others may not enjoy. il was the purpose of the ilustrious founders to base the institutions which they reared upon the great and unchanging principles oijusiice and equity, conscious that ii administered ln the spirit in which they were conceived, they would be felt only by the benefits which they dflused, and would secure for themselves d defence in the hearts of lhe people. more powerful than standing armies, and all the means and appliances invented lo, sustain go- vernments founded ill injustice and opPres- sion.
 The well-known fact that the tariff act ol 1S42 Was passed by majority of one vote la the Senate, and two i'll the House ot Rep senIatives, and that some of those who felt themselves constrained. under the peculiar circumstances existing at the time, to vote Tn it's favor, proclaimed its defects and expressed their determination to aid in it's modification on the first opportunity, affords strong and conclusive evidence that 1t was not intended to be permanent, and of the expedency and neces ,ity of its thorough revision.
 In recommending to Congress reduction of the rates of duty, and revision and mod liication of 1912, aln lar from entertaining opinions unriendly to manufacturers. ca the contrary, desire to see them prosperous as far as they can be so, without imposing unequal burdens on other interests. The ad- vantage under any system oilndirect taxation evea with the revenue standard, must be u favor of the manufacturing interest; and O ths no other interest will complain.
 recommend to Congress the abolition o the minimum principle, or assumed, arbltra ry, and false values, and ol specific duties and the substitution in their place ofad valo- rem duties as the arest and most equitable indirect tax which can be imposed. By tht , ad valorem principle, all articles are taxed ac } cording To theH cost or value, and thost which are of inferior quality or of small cost bear only the just proportion ol the tax wit those which are oi superior quality or great CT cost. The articles consumed by all, art taxed at the same rate. \ system oi ad va
 loren revenue duties, with proper discrm nations and proper guards against friends il collecting them, it is not doubted, will ailor, ample and incidental advantages 10 the man uiaclurers. and enable them to derive as grea profits as eau be derived from any other reg ular business. It is believed that such sys tenn, strictly within the revenue standard, vii place the manufacturing interests on stahlt footing, and inure to their permanent adran lage. while it will, as nea ly as may be prac ticable. extend to all the great interests O the country the incidental protection whicl can be afforded by our revenue laws. Sucl d system, when once firmly established [ would be permanent, and not be subject ts the constant complaints, agltatlons, ant changes which must ever occur. when duties , are not laid for revenue, but for the ''protec tion merely" of a favored interest
 In the consideration of Congress on thi: subject IL is hoped that spirit of mutua concession and compromise between conflct ing interests may prevail. and that the resul of their labors way be crowned with the hap piest consequences.
 By the delberation of the United States, i is provided, that mo money shall be drawn