The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1845-09-26

EDITORS eoRREsPoNpENcE.
[from our regular correspondent
.NEw YoRK. September "a. I645.

the analysis OF leading articles Of commerce, going
from coffee 10 indigo and from that To tobeecc SoioP
sugar. rice, spiits, wins meisis, Sci bui fear ouch
details, however much condensed, might fatigue
your readers. For the columns Of daily paper
beyond the limits of large commercial city, il is
possible that comparatively few feel an interest ia
such matters, however useful and Interesting TO the
merchant and political economist.
am disposed to believe, however, that spirit Of
inquiry is springing up among our farmers, whose
interest 10 so closely connected with the extension
and prosperity Of trade, So large portion of com
merce is based upon the results of their industry
the value of which is dependent upon the laws Of
trade, that II seems to me no class OF persons ought
TO be more interested in its records. II is msnly
upon the three million Of farmers, the culvators or
the SOIL that the progressive prosperity Of the country
rests. They, by supplying the vast bulk OF our ex
ports to foreign countries, sustain our vast mercantile
marine In this service our best sailors are educated
who afterwards supply our vessels OF war; our right
arm OF national defence. Without the produce Of
the farmers, we could have little or no commerce.
and without commerce, we could have no navy
worth the name. No nation ever yet sustained AN
efficient navy, that had no foreign commerce Those
nations (such France, Spain, Portugal, &c) which
have been most restrictive in their commercial policy
have been the weakest naval powers, when com.
pared with nations which have encouraged COM
merce by vice and wholesome laws--like England.
The latter, although much subject to impose absurd
restrictions trade, which she has In later times
done much to remedy, nevertheless had the wis
dom to do great deal for the support of commerce.
by the enactment Of prudent and liberal laws. The
'parehousng system stands as a monument Of her
most beneficial commercial legislation which il
seems utterly impossible to persuade Congress TO
study and to adopt. The position Of England, as well
as the encouragement of the Parliament, has greatly
favored her commercial pursuits. Her powerful ma
Wy sprung from her immense commercial marine
The superior skill Of her hardy sack las over the
IF har apff.r
neighbors, was seen and felt in the splendid naval
victories OF the Nile and Of Trafalgar.
The soil and climate of England so far operated
against agricultural production, that it soon became
apparent that the island would produce little than
| what was required for domestic consdstption. She
could send no wheat abroad to compete with the
cheaper article grown the better soil of Prussia
she could send no silk or wine to compete with the
fruitful plains Of France. She was forced, there
fore, TO turn to her coal and iron mnesto her iron
forges, cotton and woollen mills, for articles Of ex
port, for the support of her commercial marine; in
The production of which, she for centuries found
competitor. Theft yield at home required no pro-
tecipe laws, any more than the pfairie-grown wheat
and corn of Illinois.
Whatever nature has fitted country for, that she
will and ought chiefly to produce. Our Creator
has blessed our country with agricultural advan-
tages no other country on earth enjoys. No other
part of the world can compete with us in the pro-
duciioD of cotton, tobacco rice, and provisions Of
all kinds. Under the liberal encouragement of COM
merce, under the enactment of low duties for reve-
nue. alone, and by The aid of well-devsed '',oars-
housing system,n our vast agricultural produce will
form the basis of commercial marine greater than
the world has yet ever seen, and from which will
rise navy, alike efficient for defence and honora-
BILE to the nation.
| Being the son of plain and unpretending farm
er, my early days being much occupied in its
wholesome and virtuous pursuits sometimes at the
plough, sometimes In the harvest.feld, and anon
helping to save hay, corn, &c-fny sympathies have
ever leaned towards the farmers Of the country.
Living, as they do, much at home, often somewhat
remote from each other, they do not possess those
facilities for combination or combined action for
bringing about a state Of public opinion DR. public
legislation bearing directly in favor oftheif interest
&C., as is often done among those engaged in more
grega,iots pursuits, who influence the public will
and legislature to enact laws int nded more less
for their exclusive benefit
While those living in large manufacturing towns,
cities, &c, with combined capital, and with every
facility for combined action, can do much to infu-
ence legislation, the isolated and scattered farmers
along the distant shores Of the Ohio, the wide
spread prairies Of Illinois, or attending their fields
in Missouri or in Mississippi, possess very limited
means Of combination, either by capital or personal
intercourse, for promoting or protecting their own
interest. They are often duped by the ignorance
and hollow professions af men who cajole them out
Of their votes, and whose actions in Congress are
= -. y L..
anything but certain and consistent.
II is manfesty their interest to sell where they
can obtain the most for their produces and to pur-
chase where they can obtain articles the cheapest
Yet, such have been the effects of combinations in
dustrious and united action of comparatively a small
class of people, that they have actually succeeded
in getting many Of them to believe that the reverse
is their best INTEREST," In accordance with which be-
lief, majority Of the members of Congress have
passed laws TO confirm III They are actually made
L. l,s.
high! They have been worked Upon 10 believe a
still greater paradox--a paradox of paradoxes--
that the higher article is taxed, the cheaper it
becomes
We thus find, in the 10Th century, that three mil
lions Of persons employed in agriculture are made
tributary to only 100000 employed in manufac-
lures.
1t is to be hoped that the mails from hence to
Washington will be expedited, and not suffered TO
remain in Philadelphia all night and until o'clock
next morning. II makes the news from New York
ten hours later in reaching Washington. In my
correspondence, can bring it up to late hour in
the afternoon, which ought to reach Washington
next day in time for your paper in the evenings but
the unnecessary delay of it in Philadelphia prevents
this. .
In my letter Of the 10Th, of course intended 10
convey the fact that Robert and William Turnbu
were the sons of the Mr.. Turnbu who made the
experiment of cultivatng indigo in East Florida.
scribed TO the Erie railroad stock. The mechanics
Of the city have large meeting tonight, to see
what they do towards helping the Erie railroad
along.
The Episcopal convention of this State assemble
to-day in ST. Johns church.
| The Journal Of Commerce notices the pamphlet
of Mr.. Carey, on slavery in Maryland. The
dminuiion Of slaves in that State only proves that
slave-labor is too expensive to be employed on poor
land, in competition with free labor in the growing
of wheat, &c. on richer lands. Slave labor is only
productive when employed in raising valuable sta
pies, such as cotton, sugar &c, on good land. The
desertion of the lands in Virginia and Maryland,
with their dapidated appearance, only proves that
master and slaves have gone to richer soil, where
they can employ their labor more probably
The stock market to-day is heavy, with down.
ward tendency in some kinds
There are few clearances or arrivals to note to-
day. The Pantheon cleared for Liverpool; the
Clara for Lake Port au Plates and the Ring for Bcr-
muda.
No change to note in the produce market since
yesterday.