The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857, 1845-10-20

rara. $780,. y .il,ssfi n
Anived.-Duks d'orleans, from Florence; Brig
Francis ?. Beck, 59days from Baenos Ayres; Por-
tuguese brig, from Lisbon.
Arrived yesterday -Packet-ship Ashburton, from
Below.-ships Kensington and Gondola, from
Liverpool.
Yours, very truly, .
sALEs-New York. October IT, Isao.-FYra Board,-sooo
Pennsy vsns ss 7Sa 1000 Ohio os 1860 OH 500 Ohio
$50 d. Is; soc Reading R.. 49, 1000 Reading R. R
bonds 81 United States Bank, 81 as Vcksbug. 3, VII
sses"a Bas,a@s ccS Reading r. r. s7i, 50 Reading R.
From the same.
New YoRK, October H. l645.
You will perceive the Journal of Commerce of
this date contains very important and interesting
letter from correspondent in California. Affairs
in that part of the world are evidently reaching
critical position. Our surmises with regard to Eng
lish and French designs on the coast of the Pacific
are greatly strengthened by this letter. We find
French and English consuls stationed in the coun-
Ty-the latter receiving four Thousand dollars per
annum. Neither Of them has anything to do, be-
yond promoting the political views of their respect
i've governments; for all the commercial intercourse
with California, ofany value, is carried on by Amer
lean citizens. They have been. and continue to be,
the real pioneers in that country. The next Con-
gress should make provision for the establishment
Of commercial agent in California, with ample
means and power to look after and protect Ameri-
can interests and property in that quarter. He
should also be aided by efficient resident consuls at
Mazatlan, Monterey, and Acapulco, to watch the
foreign and domestic movements against the COM
mercial interests of the United States. The cores
pondent of the Journal only reiteates what we have
on various occasions contended for,-that who
ever holds the bay of San Francisco will control the
trade both of Oregon and California. Indeed, its
possessors will not only be the masters of the
northwest coast, but, in measure, rule the destiny
of the Sandwich islands. Our interest in the Pacific
is too large to permit Of the European possession Of
the bay of San Francisco, and colonization and
government of California.
To quietly yield to such an exigency would lead
TO national humiliation and dishonor. To submit to
such result, would be equivalent to abandoning
our whaling business and commerce in the Pacific,
to the desertion of our citizens and settlements in
Oregon, and TO REIMBURSEMENT Of all hope ofextend
ing our population and institutions TO the shores Of
the western ocean;-n other Words to be barricaded
from territorial access to where our enter
prsing navgntors, explorers and citizens have plant
ed our colors. If we true TO ourselves, to our
country, and to our God, we can never submit to
such spoliation. Let Congress look early to this
Coming events cast their shadows before them.n
The Tabernacle was crowded last night, TO listen
to the anniversary address before the American
Institute, delivered by MIR. Elliott of New Bed
ford. The material of the GRAFTON contained little
beyond commonplace. if we except some agriculn-
raj statistics, with an allusion to an eectro-mag
netc machine, applied by man in Philadelphia
10 the production OF music.
General Talmadge presided, who made some in
troductory remarks. This gentleman has long been
the president of the American Institute. But one
idea, during the whole Of his public life, seems to
have been paramount in his nind and that is ''pro-
lection to manufactures by laws Of Congress" or, as
he and his colleague officials of the institute have
always preached, .protecton TO American industry"
meaning by that, laws for the benefit of one kind of
industry, at the expense of all other pursuits or the
taxation of labor for the benefit of capital.
He took occasion last night to deny the former
political character of the INSTITUTE and said, ..it
was not the friend Of high tariff Yet, in the
very next BREATH he claims the apparent prosperity
of commerce, agriculture and manufactures TO the
tariff of l642! He said, "We are (the institute, of
course) for the high wages Of our domestic indus
try over the depressed population of Europe" So
are we. But has the tariff of l6l2 increased the
wages even of manufacturing operative labor' Is
labor in manufactures any higher now than before
the TARIFF Is labor in farming any better paid !.
Indeed, is not agricultural labor worse paidl Com
pare the prices of agricultural produce for the last
three years. since the tariff Of l642, with the three
preceding years. In fact, if it not for the con-
sumption by the depressed population of Europe
of American agricultural produce-who would take
MORE and pay more for II in goods if ii was not
for the operation Of the unjust law of l642the soil
beyond a family support, would not be worth cult
waiting. As TO the wages Of commercial industry
being benefited by the gentemans idea, panacea,
they have been made manifestly worse. The
depressed population Of Europe" whom our gen.
tlenian with ons idea SO much deprecates, are en-
abled, by his protection TO American industry"
to build ship Of 500 tons for 5000 dollars less than
we can. Our sail-makers, ship-builders, and ship
masters are all damaged by his one idea. "The
depressed foreigners are, by the influence of his
blessed law, taking the freighting business from our
merchants. Heavy foreign capital is taking the
importing business from our merchants. Small inn
porters are driven from the field, while millionaire
importers and manufacturers control trade, and have
hitherto ruled the legislation of the country for their
own benefit! Their profits since the tariff of l642
have been enormously advanced, while labor in no
kind of business has been augmented, if at all in the
same ratio; and that devoted to commerce and
agriculture has been seriously diminished.
That the American Institute has at all tim es
acted free from political bias is we'll known to be
incorrect Has not Gen. Talmadge, a strong whig,
for years stood at its head who, in all his writings
and speeches, advocated high tariff lawsi II was
only a year ago, that he delivered the annual adj
dress before the American Institute, over which he
presided, advocating protective tariff from one end
to the other. Are not Mr.. Wakeman, the secretary
Gen. Chandler. another officer and 90 far lie known
TO The contrary, every official of the institute strong
wings? If they ever appointed democrat to Office,
ne 10 unknown to me. Are not all the newspapers
they subscribe for either rabdly wing or neutral
Did they not (the oicers) use all the influence in
their power to elect Clay and Frclinghuysenl Do
they not parade and display Mr. Clay's bust prom
nently in their hail. and everywhere elses All this
they have right TO do. They have even perfect
right to make IL political institution just when and
how they please, and to what extent they please;
but when they find the political or party cast of
their institution in danger of destroying them as
scientific association, they have no right to COM
plain of democrats for not yielding them willingly
pecuniary support, have the face to deny the po
tcal connexion Of their administration with the
wing men and wing interest ny
The democrats, among whom are found the bone
and snew of the laboring classes, who fully under
stand what political creed most strongly sympa-
thses with their best interest," say to thcm Seen
temen, f you aim to convert your institution into
political machine, make IL so; but understand, we
will have nothing 10 do with il. If you make il
strictly scientific institution for the encouragement
Of inventions, arts, and useful pursuits in general