davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald., 1845-08-11

Pictorial, Scientific, and Literary Descrip-
ton of the Great Britain.
This monster Of the deep-this 9fegatherion, or
Megaploion, rather, of the nineteenth century-un-
eahed from its lair on the muddy banks of the Sc
vern, now floats quietly in this harbor-a strange
sight TO all America. We have seen her; all who
can, ought to see her.
After great deal cf labor, we have compiled, from
the English papers, the following scientific and lite
rary description of this monster steamer. This we
have had illustrated, at considerable expense.
To this mammoth well, the visitor should first
row round the Great Britain in the smalbo which
takes HIM off; after ascending her side, we
ing the great magnitude Of the ship to walk once,
at least, entirely round the upper deck; next de-
scend on the main deck, and walk entirely round
that; then, to lower deck, where the kitchen and
Offices are placed; after which, the engine-room NAV
be visited as a conclusion. The still more curious
may descend into the enormous holds and boiler
rooms of the ship, in much of which there is some
thing curious to be seen, and every where what is
original and new.
The following are the chief dimensions of the
ship Total length 800 feet; total BREADTH 50 feet;
capacity. 5000 tons; draught of water, l6 feet en-
glncs 900 horse power; four cylinders, SO inches
in diameter; length OF stroke u inches; chain wheel
lS feet in diameter the propelng in the stern
of the ship l5a feet in diameter, and has arms
The peculiar features of this great work. which
invest the Great Britain with unusual interest, are
LIST, her extraordinary magnitude I'd, the material
used iron being employed to greater extent than in
any other ship: Sd, the pecuarlties of form which
have been adopted, and the qualities they confer on
her regards speed and seaworthiness; 4th, the
construction of the engixe and boilers and other ma
chinery serving for motive power; 5th the employ
ment Of the screw propeller; 9th, the of pec.-
liar mechanism, by which the power of the engine
is applied to turn round the screw.
In regard to her magni ude, she is larger than any
first rate" of which we have heard and in this
respect the mechanical principles, which have led
to the adoption Of great size, are, in our opinion,
sound. 1t is, perhaps not generally known, that all
past experience goes in favor of increased size, as
the means not only of obtaining speed, but also Of
The New York herald., 1845-08-11

be reserved for ladies', as they are made to commu
nicate with two commodlous ladies' boudoirs, or
private sitting rooms, measuring seventeen feet by
fourteen feet. The advantages OF this arrangeme ut
or in pegs6, will be enabled to reach their sleeping
bertts without there being the slightest necessity
Tor their appearing in public. The framework OF
the staircase, communicating, from this saloon,
wiih the deck, ~ OF iron. The stairs are far more
wide and commodious than is generally met with
on ship|board. From this promenade you descend
into the main or dining saloon, which is 9S feet
inches long, by I'D ieet wide. This is really beaut
ful room. A large sum of money has nor been use
lessy squandered in procuring for it gaudy decora
uons not harmonzlng with its uses, but its fittings
are alike chaste and elegant. Down the centre are
twelve principal columns Of white and gold, with
The New York herald., 1845-08-11
View Of the Monster Showing her Various Compartments

NJ and n. Iron foored cargo decks.
o. Air chamber from boiler to fore bulkhsad, of the
shape of the ship.
7. Officers berths. SC.
@ Sailors messroom
X. Sailors, berths y, small water tank
S. Water closets
r. Ships stern-post through which the screw passes
Y. Shalt from engine to screw
Diagonal stay from the ships side 10 the ster-post
W. sue view OF screw stern post in which the end Of
the screw spindle revolves.
Keel under the screw, uniting the sternpost to the
vessel
Y. Hollow rudder foot and Of such thickness as to
receive the stern-post, which forms its pivot.
the deck, are fitted with doors on either side so as
always 70 have weather and lee door, the former
OF which may be closed during gales The wind
lass j. on patent principle The best bower anchor
weghs about three TONS and its iron chain cab e is
O q inches diameter N The metal of the link. The
bo"spflt IS proportionaby short owing 10 the great
length OF the vessel The bow is enriched with
carved work: IN The centre the Royal Arms sur
rounded by emblems of the arts and sciences of
tne empire, and I'm illustration of the power and
spseu OF the SNIP representations ot the thunder
bolt OF Jove and the caduccus OF Mercury.
lhe entire merit OF employing the Screw as an
instrument tor propelng vessels is due to Mr.. F. 2.
Smlih, In conjunction with that small body OF gem
temen VINO bullt the Archmdes. This was hand
some, raRish craft, with fine lines, but the machine
ry tnat was contrlyed for conveying motion to the
screw proved SO Objectionable from the intolerable
noise 1t made, that it discouraged for time further
attempts on this plan. Nevertheless the vessel made
good way, and those who Witnessed her perform
ances, ana whose opinions, either naval or scien-
tlilc authorities. were entitled to respect, almost
unanimously satisfied themselves that the screw
was destined sooner or later to supersede the pad
The New York herald., 1845-08-11

large room, for the stewards use The saloon y n
~ 70 adm of a6 rersons sitting down TO dl nner al
one time, with perfect convenience and com 'o oiaon
On each side Of the forward promenIaae Ines and
IN Tho ssloo" baIowif. 30 in each side, making
in all forward % is2 TO the state rooms there are
passages leading from the saloons' ana running
In IN. gnrscastle arc bertls. 36 in number, tor
portion OF The crew. The iron ribs, and the mode
IN which the ship is riveted, be well inspected
from this apartment. ,.u
capital can do, To make the Great Britain worthy
of her name. has been dome. We understand
her total cost will be about five hundred thousand
dollars,
The New York herald., 1845-08-11

A B. Surface line of upper deck.
C. Principal promenade saloon length l09 feet by
4s feet at the widest part height feet "a berhs
each side.
! d. First class saloon or dining room ; length 100
feet greatest width, 80 feet height. feet
Il. The catgo-deck 65 feet long, by feet high.
f. An iron fresh water tank length, 40 feet
@. room for a coal store, sc.
II. Elevation Of engines.
]. Ditto Of boiler.
J J. Iron deck boiler, for cooking apparatus.
X Fore, second class saloon, 81 feet long feet
inches high.
l. Lower fore saloon length and height as above; 40
bed places on each side OF these saloons.
she is nevertheless very strong ship, beng bound
securely by rods on the tension principle The plates
of her keel are from inch thick in the middle 10
from tbs to inch at the top, except the upper
plate, which is tbs. She is chiefly clencher-buIlt,
and double rlveted at many points. The ribs are 8
inches by 3a by inch thick al the bottom OF the
vessel, aud 7l6ths at the top. Herrg is that OF what
may be called a six masted schooner, with fore anu
aft SAILS and lugger topsails with the exception of
the mainmast, 9th. second from the bow,) which
will carry a square mainsail and topsa over II.
She has four decks and the upper, spar deck, IS
BOB feet in length The engines are somewhat on
the patent of Sir Mark Brunelwith the cylinders, in
place of being upright, standing angle of about
90 degrees The main shaft for the turning OF the
meter, was made at the Mersey Iron Works. In this
town and is itself great curiosity.
On the spar deck there are eight skylights for the
fore saloon, aud one large light over the engine
room. The under decks and apartments have bor-
rowcd lights from these, and also circular lights in
the sides OF the shphe latter of plate glass an inch
In thickness. The companions, or entrances from
The New York herald., 1845-08-11

THE CABINS.
The last illustrations are typographical plans
OF the main and fore saloons, with the state
rooms, &C. on each side. The Great Britain
TWO, 30 that in addition TO her crew, officers, fire.
men, Nc, she can accommodate 90 passengers,
each OF whom can be provided with single bed,
ahu Inat without making up single sofa, or any
other temporary convenience.
Inc walis OF the after or principal promenade sa-
loon are painted In delicate tints and along the
sides are several fixed chairs of oak. A row of
wen propoIuoned pillars, which range down the
centre OF inc promenade, serve the double purpose
OF ornament to the room and support to the deck
In tins saloon, on either side, is range of exceed
lngly comfortable state rooms and sleeping berths.
About twelve OF these on each side Of the deck will
The New York herald., 1845-08-11
POWER, ETC.

dle-wheel, and many so expressed themselves in
their letters to Captain Chappell, X. n Mr. Brunei
introduced broad leather straps the Rather, tor
the purpose of avoiding the noise caused by cog
wheels, and they work well; but in the Great Brl-
tain the chains, tor The object, although weigh
ing seven TONS work without the slightest noise.
The displacement of the Great Britain will be ra-
ther less than 5000 when loaded; with 200 tons
of coal on board, while the displacement of first
rate with all stores board, better than 1900 tons,
although the former Is more than thlrd the longer
ship. The form of the bottom, and the difference
of ten feet in the draft of water, Qhe one drawing
sixteen feet the other five or six-and-twentyD and
the finer nes cause this great difference in dlsplace
ment, and, consequently, OF the mldship section.
The Great Britain's midshp section is, from the
same cause, less than that OF 81 gun frigate
sequenty, with the same quantity Of Canvass, the
former should sail faster than the latter, if their
lines approached to similarity; but with the Great
Britans lines, more than 100 feet lopgerhan the fri
gate, and with equal stability, Got which there is no
kind of doubt,) the speed in sailing alone should be
much beyond that of the frigate, save when the
winds light, and the lofty sails OF the frgae tell
The New York herald., 1845-08-11

The vessel is entirely built of iron with the ex-
ceptlon OF the boa ding of her decks and some of her
cabin fittings and carved work. Her model Is some
what peculiar, yet accordant with the taste (when
she was bulD OF many nautical men, and the speed
she has since attained, together with her good sea
qualities, prove that their opinions were well found
ed Her sides tumble, or fall in, a good deal to-
wards the top deck, from about the middle Of her
length to the stern giving her OF war like APP
pearance and wholesome rotundity in the after
body. Abreast of the boilers, which are forward of
the longitudinal centre, her sides are rather latsh
but she has after all abundance of bearings for
steamer, and more aloft might have produced heavy
pie, and she is finely moulded with sharp entrance,
approaching to the plough FORM and an equally fine
run. Her upper works, like most of the Bristol
ships, are PLAIN, but substantial in finish. The
hull is formed of iron Plates decreasing in thick
ness from the keel upwards, and angle iron RIBS
OF great strength. The plates not, however,
20 thick in proportion to her size as those of some
iron vessels since constructed, particularly those
built at North Birkenhead Oor war purposes,) but
The New York herald., 1845-08-11
DIMENSIONS, ETC.

DIMENSIONS, ETC.
Power, engines, each 500 horse power 1900 horse
Boiler (square) 81 feet by % in height.
Furnaces, 24--l2 forward and IL baft.
Stroke Of piston. ................ o feet
Displacement of water when drawing
about l6 feet Tor loaded) about. 80. 5000 tons
Stowage for coal 80. -. 100
goods additional about 90. . l20o
The New York herald., 1845-08-11
Side View Of the Screw Propeller.

The above is side view Of the propeller. The
main drum is lS feet diameter and drives four chains
weighing tons. The screw shaft drum is feet da.
meter, and the weight, with the pull when working is
equal TO 50 tons the bearings of the main shaft
The New York herald., 1845-08-11
Full View Of the Screw Propeller.

The above cut represents full view of the
Arohimedan screw propeller attached to the Great
Britain II Is composed of I" six arms, blades,
Is feet inches diameter, 25 feet pitch, and weighs
four tons"
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18
Der ltterale 1seobactter
Sfeabin9, ben lS. Stpbemb. 1913.

CIV. B. PALMER, Esq. is our authorized
Agent, for procuring Advertisements, receiving
Subscriptions, and making collections for the Ii
BERALE BEOBACHTER, at his offices In the
following cities:
Philadelphia-N. w. Corner of Third and
Chestnut strets.
New York-160 Nassau street.
Baltimore---S. E. Corner of Baltimore & Cal
vert strets.
Boston--No 6, State street.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18
Sic ae,,em Giien,perfe. - Der

Ste me,,e,t Gtien,perfe. - Ser nsue
ellsnbanmr bss 5rn. p. ". Sabatton, in Der
Bsl'psnnifrass, pslber burb 9ampf sstris'
ben miro, unS sbsnfo Die &saoin9sr NoQmibls
wslbs firsib eurb bic !5srrsn Ssrtolst unb
80. nabs be Der 6arrisbur9sr Srids srbaut
wures, iinS jest bsbs in BOILER Operation uno
BADEN bsrsts cine bsosutsnbs Ouantitdt isbr
9utss eiisn selisfsrt. 9ss 1T Elm nislitbsr
3umabs fir unisre Statt mslbsn mir baupt.
iablIb benz bsifsbsnesn sarif Su psreanfsn bas
bsn. Wfan fpribt npb BON Der grbauuns
nsusr @lisnpsrfs, bic wabrfbsinlib nabifsn
Spmmsr sntitsbsn perosn psnn BET @enores
Den Sarif un9sif6rt ld6t.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

Be lang pertrodnet. tpas pielleidt NIT Dem
pbdnomen am Sonntaee in 8erbinoune
ffebt. Sn @enannus fbwanften mebre
6duier 10 beftia, oab ibre 8epobner Die
er0bte Seunrubieun9 fiblten uno iib Die
an Den 8dnoen bdnoenoen Siloer betpee
ten. Gtpas ipdter puroe oahelbs in
Slattlanos pabroenommen uno beraus
eriiebt man. pelbe Ribtuno oas grobe'
ben einibluo. y. o. ct. 3to.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

DrGhmunosn. - Sn Stsuten gauntp
ma eb bas pl6Bll6s Dsrfebwinpen tines O1an
nes, S1amens Dan. 8. Davis, 0iel IufIebn.
CT salt fit einsn rsihsn uno reolihsn D1aii
uno war Elm 6ol3banpIsr. gs ift sspi6, baB
Ct furs Dor lsnsm Yerf6wincen S Is, 900
baarss 8elb bel 1b bate. einise 9srren.
welebe Bhrse fir bn Gno, fansen all lanss
8sftbtsr su maiden. W1an fann aueb nibt
bic serinsite 9pnr Don ibm eatoefen.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

Der Gonsree ,piro iib bissmal am 1. 9ss
esmter perfammsln. Cine beosutenoe Nnjabl
Der Mt9lisoet bsfnost fib bereits in Bafbinss
ton unb anosrs bsfneen iib auf Der Neife nab
bsm Mseisrunssfse.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

9norrisss Ott - gs flnb Salle tefannt,
no 8aume, bic nihts als tnorrises Obf tru.
gen, i'm folsenbsn SABRE rnret llmaraben an
ben muratln nno Ht1taIen BET aubern Stins
Dc pes Gtammes nno lletertilnhsn osdslben
NIT &aIf, feiIbisss ano pohlseformtss Obj
trngRn.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

Rirbenraub. 6arris6ur9er Staatss
3situns mslest, bas bic bortias Prssbitsrianers
Girbs in pcrIeeter Wobs ibrsr llbr bsraubt
rpures, ,pslbs an bsr wano aufssffsat mar.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

Giue Wlpmbfinifernif.- lsstsn
Dcnnsrfa9 Nbsno battsn mir cine folde Srs
ibsinuns, wslbs BEL esm bsasn 9immsl elm
bsrrlbss auisbsn sspdbrk. es purss rpabs
renb berlelbsn fat gan; fnlfsr.
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

Republifaniftbe 5parfamFeit.-eini'
ae qcfofcfos baben i'm Sinne bem ecn9rsB sis
nsn Nntras ;u MAIDEN, ben Gebalt sss Tiess
preIoentsn osr Ser. Staaten 5u srbSbsn. Sie
aebsn Dor bas bisfer Seamts pom ben $4,000,
bic ct jsst jabrlib erbalt, nibt lsben f6nnte u.
aes,uunssn fei nsbenbei ais aepofat su praftiei,
rem. Dies iff rpabrftsnlib eas erifsmal, felt
benz 8effsbsn unfry Mssierunssferm, oas jss
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18
Infer =Gef.imanif;.

a9H1St HEH1D-V0EV1HVUtBs ~V
8ranosSurp bsr IcpsmbsrsS bat in Der
pcrlsstsn Bcbs sinsn Ssfub i'm bisfssn Gss
fansniIs ab9sfattst unb Der Court snsn sems
lib ridti9sn Ssrdt ibsr Den miieratlsn 3us
lfanS bsfsIbsn 9sliefsrt. Sis bsrtbtsn, bas bic
aOfaltdtsn osiFlbsn eurbaus nibt 9ssi9nst
iino filr ssn 3psd ibrer Ssitimmuns, unb bas
bic Gsrbrebsr Su eomfsrtabd barin psrfcrot
ilnb.-sroebsm bisItsn fie ss niebt fir gut ben
Sau zines nsusn @sfdnanifts iu smpfsbIsn,
neil iie bic 8srantpprtlibfsit elmer folbsng me-
pIsblun9 nibt auf ltb nsbmsn MOLTEN. Scns
esrbar QSsnn Ser Sau bss nsusn @sfdnsnifs
fsS wirflib n6tbis iif moran mir nitbt i,psis
ftln, mo;u bsnn bsr Iuffbub?
Der liberale beobachter und Berks, Montgomery und Schuylkill Caunties allgemeine anzeiger. ([Reading, Pa.) 1839-1864, 1845-11-18

Observation-Disclosures. SIN
untsrn sbeile bon Ssrfs eauntp ftno saunfb
Gsriammlunssn anbsraumt, um Masrs9sIn
ssssn Die sbsiluns unfsrer sauntp Su srsrsifsn.
Die Burger BON ensn Saunlbips, wslbs Der
Sabs einifi9 Iino, psrbsn wobItbun wsnn fls
oisisn Gsrfammlun9sn bswcbnsm iis wsrosn
itattfnrsn wie foISt: Samita9 ben %. ROs
pembsr, um llbr Nabmittass, am @aftbau:
fs BON Scbn wasnsr in Nmitp saunfbip
gamifas ben 30. Ropsmbsr am @altbaufs BON
peter Staufsr in Carl saunftip; Samifae
Den 6. 9s0mtsr am @aifbaufs p. Sobn 9Ssib,
in 9ouslab saunfbip; unb. Samifas ben IS.
December am @altbauis BON 9apic 81. Sasss
man, GolsbruofoaIs Saunibip. Die Burger
bon Ycttstaun, MontsOmerD Gauntp, trefsn
unifalsn bel Der ndbfsn Gsfsessbuns wisesr
2nIprub fir Elm nsuss @auntp Su MAIDEN, aus
sbsisn Don Mcnt9omsrp sbsifer une Ssrfs,
oabsr bisie Ss,pssunSsn i'm untsrn sbsiIs BON
Ssrfs @auntD.
Wheeling times and advertiser. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1839-1849, 1845-05-23

cultivation of habits of thought and reflection,
of useful industry and well-directed cxertion,
and a conviction of the value, the importance,
and the dignity Of labor will form character
which will not be endangered or degraded by
engaging in factory or manufacturing employ
ments. But that, on the contrary, such a
character will be strengthened and invigorated
by association with other characters formed
by the same means, but differently developed
through constitutional temperament or indi-
| vidpal circumstances. That the friendly con-
| flict of mind with mind will add to the pow
ers of each and that factory labor, where such
characters are the agents, will tend to the EN-
ployment of mind and the support of virtue
morality, and happiness.
Miss MARTINEAU states the question i'm a
few forcible words ''There is nothing of good
in the American factory system which may not
be emulated elsewhere, equalled elsewhere
,chen the people employed are so educated as Ia
hare the command Of themselves and of their lot
in life, ,chich is ai,eays and erery pherc con-
TRoLLED BY MIND, far moro than by outward
circumstance"
Wheeling times and advertiser. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1839-1849, 1845-05-23
IMPRovEMENT-We do like 10 see ;u

IMPROVEMENT do like to see im-
provemcnts, inventions, applications of pow
or in hitherto unknown. forms. We like to
see labor saving machinery, because it is in that
way that the present generation are enabled 10
supply themselves and bring around them all
that is pleasing to the senses, yet have time to
ennoblc and elevate the mind. The people
N this age can make steam boats that will
der over the ground in cars in which one may
comfortably sleep by night or read by day, at
he rate OF thirty miles an hour. We have
machines to sow our wheat with, and with
which to hoe our corn, and not few with
which to gather it in the garner. We have the
inductive system, by which children can
read and learn without the trouble and exer-
ton of thinking. We have chandeliers that
eclipse the sun i'll brightness, and we have
gold pens, ivory surfaced paper, and various
cloths that rival the rainbow in beauty. We
have, in fact, more than luxury can dispose of
10 any advantage. Yet have we az much of
that right good heartsome wholesome love and
happiness, true enjoyment of life as our an
cestors? We doubt, indeed '.Cie us Draw
Scotch Ballad and rot your HdlidnOS." But we
cannot go back, for the world is bent on going
a head-on reaping the glory OF enterprise and
invention, and letting the heart take care of
itself
Wheeling times and advertiser. [volume] (Wheeling, Va. [W. Va.]) 1839-1849, 1845-05-23
OHIO AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION

OHIO AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION.
In the last Ohio Cultivator we find the fol- |
lowing notice Of convention of the friends |
of Agriculture to be holden in Columbus OH
the 2oth and 26th of June next:
CONVENTION OF THE FRIENDS OF
AGRICULTURE IN OHIO-To BE HELD AT
COLUMBUS, JUNE 25TH AND 26TH, lS45.-This
Convention is for the purpose of considering
what measures can best be adopted for promo
ting the improvement of agriculture and ad-
vancing the great farming interests Of this
State and especially to discuss the merits OF
the several bills having reference to this sub.
ject that Were brought before the late General
Assembly, with a view TO the recommendation
of such as may be deemed most necessary for
adoption by the next General Assembly. And
in order that the delegates may have their
minds somewhat prepared to discuss the ques-
tons that will come before the convention
they are reminded that the projects include the
establishing of a permanent State Board OF
Agriculture-encouragem of County SOci.
eties-an Agricultural Survey of the State
obtaining Agricultural Statistics-protectio
of Sheep from destruction by Dogs-togethel
with several minor questions, all of which
have been noticed or discussed in the columns
OF the "Ohio Cultivator."
AS the questions to be decided by this con
'Chlioh arc VI great ana laStlllS importance tC
all parts of the State, it is very desirable tina
all the counties be represented, and that the
delegates, as far as possible, be we'll informed
as to the condition of agriculture, and tn,
wants of the farmers in their several districts
In those counties where agricultural societie.
exist it is expected that delegates will be ap
pointed by the societies, (several of them hav,
already made their appointments In othe
counties meeting of farmers and friends o
agriculture should be held forthwith and del
egation appointed. If this is not done, tn,
farmers of a single township or neighborhoot
can meet together and appoint some one o
more of their number, who will agree to at
tend and represent their township or county.
Now is the time for action, friends of agri
culture-patriots! Your own ONO demand
your efforts not in the work of party strife
this has too long been the bane of your nobl,
state-but to consult together for the genera
good; to greet each other as friends and breth
rem, and strengthen each others hands in tn,
great work of advancing the nobest and bes
pursuit on earth. Such meeting cannot iai
to be highly interesting to those who attend
and will no doubt be productive of the mos
beneficial results.