The New York herald., 1845-03-01

IA,
ton in commercial point OF view, as related TO
the United States, perhaps of the least lmpor-
tant. II was not incumbent upon us to sustain IN
Austria q minister OF a higher grade than that Of
her government 10 the United States. Besides, he
was IN favor OF retrenchmep principle OF the
new administration.
The mission 10 Austria was reduced TO the class
OF Charges des Affaires, and the mission 10 Brazil
retained as iull minister. Appropriation modlned
accordingly.
The compensation of Minister to China wasre-
duced from $9 600, as agreed upon by the House,
To $4,000 per annum. Outht untouched.
Alter the consideration OF other amendments,
the Senate laid the civil and diplomatic bill aside,
and took up the regular order, known as the House
Jolat resolution Tor admitting
TEXAS INro THIS UNION.
Mr.. CRIrrENDEN took the floor. There was
unusually large auditory the galleries to-day,
OF attractive and anxious lsteners.l He adverted
the great and paramount importance Of this ques
tlon, aud the mighty consequences dependent upon
II. He expressed his difh ience and strust OF his
ability IN addressing the Senate upon this subject,
after SO many gentlemen Of such high and ackno "
ledged talents had led The way before him in this
discussion. He should have conented hmss II with
out offering aoy observations to the Senate were II
not III measure duty devoving upon him, In order
TO sst himself right before the country and TO pre-
vent the possibility of misapprehenslon of his posi-
ton and sentiments IN reference 10 this momentous
question Without waste OF time In preliminary OBJ
servatloos, Mr.. o. entered at into the lnvestl
CATION of the Constitutional interroeaory:-Can a
foreign State be admitted new State into this
Unlen by Congressl He ask ed of gentlemen II the
trainers of the Constiuton-lhe guardians OF the
Unlted States-could possibly have designed IN the
power conferred, TO admit new States into the
Ualon-so Vast and dangerous a power as TINS, OF
gathering up here aud there the little foreign ma
menls into States, and with people OF this Union.
Ii never could have been 30 intended TO be con
srrued Mr. Crittenden respectfully approached
Iha materials of the Constitutional argument OF
Mr.. Walker, The Senator from Mississippi, aud the
fragments ut letters collected by Mr.. Walker from
the ancient fathers IN support OF the perpectve ex
tension of tue territories OF the United States, ne
exhibited giving satisfactory assurance o. the
power assumed Not even the letter OF Mr. Hamll-
ION, which looked 10 the extension of our auho-
rty, TO South America, was applicable or apposte
TO the In hand. Nor the authority from
Mr.. Madison properly susceptible of the construc-
ton put upon 1t by the Senator from Mississippi.
Mr.. &. dissented from such examples OF strict con-
struc,ion. The precedents oi laws assumed by Mr..
Walker to be analogous TO this case, Mr.. G. con-
sidered as lnadmlsslble.
Mr.. C next reviewed The Constitutional posi- |
tion assumed by Mr.. McDuffie IN the interpreta-
tion OF the power 10 acquire foreign territory as
power belonging TO Congress, because in the ac
QUESTION of new territory, the department OF the
government to be employed as the agency, is not
named, IT might as properly be assumed by Con
gress as by the treatv making power. Mr.. Critten-
den and Mr.. McDuffie came into frequent explana'
tory collisions In the progress OF Mr.. Crlttenden's
review OF the argument OF the Senator from the
South by the Senator from the West. In oi
these passages at arms, Mr. McDuffie was cited as
hivlug said that the power to make war (COngress)
had the power 10 make peace. Mr.. Q. wanted To
know how Congress could make peace.
Mr. MoDuFFfE-By disbanding the army and
the navy. (L,ughter.)
Mr.. CRIrTsNpEN- would be good way of
making peace on our side, but 1t takes two to make
peace, as II takes two to make war. (Laughter)
M. MCOURRiE-We could not make war very
well after the army and navy were disbanded.-
(Laaghter)
Nj. CarrENDEN said he did not know bnt under
SUCH a contingency 1t would be good time tor US
TO make peace, but II would certainly be good
time for our enemy TO make war. General laugh
ter, but very modestly done, like laugh In
Mr. MoDuFFrE explained that the Constitution
not having defined the branch OF the government
10 which the acquisition OF foreign territory belong
ed, whether to the law making power or the treaty
Making power, It might therefore be as properly as
sumed by the former as by the latter; or in other
terms, that 1t Was function belonging not exclu-
slvely to the treaty making power.
Mr.. CRiTrENDEN appealed TO the contrary, to the
spirit of the Consutuiion-the precedents OF ac.
QUESTION of foreign territory, establishing the
exercise OF this junction, exclusively with the trea.
ty making powers, &c. Mr.. g. next referred to
the spirit OF dsorganlZltion that was rite IN the
land. We were leaving the ancient landmarks in
our eager desire tor territorial extenson-we were
departing from the Constitution to the worship OF
lone star-a loan star, star which the great Se.
nator from New York had In his poeIlcal ettusion
presented to Us IN the moving character OF a lone,
and beautiful, and weeping maiden. Mr. McDuf-
fir, and Mr.. Walker were taken up again, and
their cunning interpretations OF the Constitution
From these two Senators Mr.. Criteuden passed
10 senator hll-n, anu dileI ItlSIIlLB tuc Sc-
nate TO remark IN the speech OF Mr.
Allen in which he had said that you might
blow the Constitution sky yhigh, and in three
weeks another equally as good could be produced,
without disturbing the farmer at his plough. Mr..
made this remark of Mr. Allen, the theme OF a pa
triouc defence OF the Constitution, and the fathers
VINO framed it and OF denunciation of that splril
of disorder which would hold tins great charter Of
our rlgnis III such trlfilng estimation. After dwell
lng upon the dangers OF accedlng to the spirit OF
inappssse BILE lust tor aegraniizsment; and said, in
IuaIn he Grad uroa tvre from
the House for the annexation OF Texas TO the Unl-
ted States, (and he said it with no feeling Of dis
respect TO any many but he considered tnls mea-
sure as contemplating most palpable violation OF
the Constitution, from first to last, as measure
revolutionary in It's character, and destructive to
all the safeguards Of the Constitution and the lave,
tor the maintenance OF order, and the prote ctlon o,
rights; and that IT involved consolidation ot
all power into the hands, and subject to the
prices ot bare maorlties OF the two houses OF Con-
gress, &c.
Mr.. ARcHsR Hext rose to the subject. He said
that he Ia his place from the relation in which
he stood to this question, Chairman on Foreign
Reauens,) TO close this important debate. His
trend from Kentucky (Mr Crlttenden) in the open.
ing of his remarks, had placed his reliance upon
that Supreme Power from whence all Strength is
derived. How much more appropriate, then, was
1t for himself to do so. II was In such a spirit OF
reliance that he could alone properly approach the
inappreciable magnitude of this question. the
question before proposed TO unsettle all the ba-
laaces OF the CONSTITUTIONS; and whether the Unit
ed States are are not to be overthrown, as the
question. Gentlemen on both sides had talked st
the expediencies associated with this question. He
would blush to talk OF expediencies when the
Constitution was ,at stake. He knew that
the annexation of Texas was ordained-he
knew 1t must come-a majority of his own con-
stituents were It's advocates, but he gave up all
questions OF expedlency and OF duty, to his obliga-
tons 10 the Constitution. While upon questions of
expediency, he would yield to the wishes OF his
Constituents in matters OF conscience he should
MAINTAIN uninyaded the whole field Of his mind
Mr.. Archer considered IN detail the office in the
premises Of the treaty making power-tbe danger
GUS balance OF power held In the hands OF the Abo
lluonlsts, and their dangerous attitude to this qucs
uon-the declaration that the annexation OF Texas
would extend the area OF freedom, in which he
compared the oaters of Papineau's rebellion, with
the patriots of the Texas reyoutou Mr. Archer