Mobile register and journal., 1845-02-18


 m, us-iar surpassing in thickness and size any for est known in The United States. There exlen si,e praires extremely ei lie and above nundatio. Travellers describe rIand pine trees growing here of gigantic size. Ross Cox mentions A fir near As toria 46 feet in crcumie rance l53 feet high belore reaching branch, and 300 feet in its whole height. Another stands the banks of the Omqua, h7 feet in circumference and 2l6 feet high below it's branch es. Sound pines from 200 to 2S0 feet high and from 20 to 40 feel m circumference, by no means m common
 ?. The middle region of Oregon lies between the President Range and the Blue Mountains, claim extending through Ihe whole territory north and south, considerably broken. and made up of steep and rocky mountains, generally volcanic, and some of them covered with eternal snow. IL is more els- vated and less fertile than the low country. The soil IS sandy clay, covered with grass, small shrubs and prickIy pear. Timber is scarce, the trees are small and of usepss wood. The climate is agree ab . ani saul r ous. There is itte especially m the southern vallies. Few attempts have been made at cultivation, and these are represented by travellers as not very successful. The agriculture lt is said. must always be limited to the wants ot pastoral people Ire region, though poorly adapted to tllng is of the best for grazing n the world. IL is in this section thai all the horses for the sup ply of Indians and traders in the interior are raised | and often single Irdian own hundreds of lhem.- Mir. Wyeth, judicious traveller through this sec ton, deems it, for producing hdes allow and beef, superior to my part of North America. Sheep l | heathiest countries in the w0rl.
 8. The the third division s the high country lying | between the Blue Mountains on the west and the Rocky mountains on he easi The southern part K desert, of steep rocky mountains, deep narrow vai- | eys and wide sand, plains. The distinguishing ea- lures of ths region it's extreme drs ness, and the great difference the temperature between the dav and the night. IL seldom there Is very little in the valley in winter, and no moisture is de- posted in dews. difference of forty degrees in | the thermometer, between sunrise and noon IS noi uncommon. The surface is besides strongly ,m- pregnaed with salts to render cultivation almost impossible, In this region the chief branches al 1 the Columbia, the norihermos Using near Inc o4ih. l and the soaihermost the 42nd parallels of la'i- l tude. There are many lakes in ihs seetIon some | of which communicate with the Cnumbia, and oth- | CTS, having outlet aie salt The la, gest of the salt lakes is Lake YOu,a, of which the situation and extent are imperltcils known. Ire northern pari of th,s region is less barren than that just described - The valleys wider, lhe rains more frequent, and the soil is freed from salt by the numerous streams | which traverse il. The coaniry east of the Rocky Mountains Is for more than two hundred miles dry and barren, alort.ing manner of support for pop ulaton. except in the immediate vicinity of streams, and offering formidable obstacle to the settlement Ot the western territory.
 | These three regions comprise the Oregon Tern tory now in dispute between the United states and Great Britain. h derives it's chlt value from the Co I,mbia River. The northernmost branch of ihis
  l 54h degree of latitude. Near the 52l, in it's pro gross South. it is joined by two others. at place called by the traders Boat Encampment or these two, flows from the South along the base of ihe Rocky Mountains; the other rIses in great gorge of that chain, the line of 53 degrees md in the | immediate vicinity of the hg hest llnc the Vest ern Continent. Travellers describe the one of terrific desohiion. From lhis pnin, the united streams run South 200 miles, where Ihe Columbia receives McGilnra,'s river and soon alier Clark . | HnxuIn lrntn ti. cku 'lutk k's rIAp which nearly as large as the Colu,nba rises near the bead waters of the Missouri; the intervening ridge is very high; and it may lorm one "t lhe great channels of future communication The Clark rushes into the Columbia d ledge of rocks and then both pass llle Blue Mountains at Kettle Falls, just below which. in lat AS deg 37, is Fort Covile, one of the principal establishments of the Huisan's s Bay Company The country in the vicint, is very fertile and agreeable. Thence the Columbia flows due west, receiving the Spokan from inc south east about 100 miles 10 the junction with he Okanagan, large stream from the hurlh, where the Hulson's Bay Company hase another Fort. Thence the Columbia runs South To the Lat oi 46 deg. 8 and then jous the Lewis or Snake river This river rises in the snge formed by the Rocky and Snowy Mountains, between the 42d and 44th parallels, the sources of the Colorado, the Platte, the Yellow Stone and the Missouri flows westward hrough ihe Snowy Moun- rains to Salmon Falls, thence northwest to it's juno ton, receives the Wala waa, the Umaiala, John Days river, and .he Falls River from the Souh and 
 the Pacific, under the 46th parallel of latitude Be- low the Waa waa the Columbia forms many rapids some of winch impossible al low waIer hut pas sable ut high water, both up and down. Five miles below the Falls are the Dales or narrows, where the river rushes through space mol than l50 feet wide, walled in by eassaio columns on both sides !; und 36 miles lower the Cascades, which are im- pass,ble all times. This point is 125 miles from the the tide up to ii and The navigation is good for vessels drawnging not more than four teen feet water. Al distance of about loo miles from the Pacific on the north side of the Columbia stands Fort Vancoyer, the principal establishment of the Hudson's Bay Company west of ihe Rocky
 Mountains. IL consists of d number of wooden build ngs within blockade, saw mill and grst mill. and the number of inhabitants is about 500; several hundred acres of land are under cultivation The Wallamet enters the Columbia from the South about 20 miles below Vancouver, it is navgabe for small vessels 20 miles from It's outh Al the head of its nav,galion is a delightful valley, where TWO settle ments have been made, one by retiring sevans of the Hudson's Bay Company, and another hy Ameri- can citizens chiefly from lhis city. AstorIa is on the ColunbIa, eight miles from iis mouth. The Co., umbia ihe Pacific between TWO points of land one the north called Cape Dsa pointmen, or Cape Hancock, and the other Polut Ada ns. From each n sand bar into the water above which the waves of the Pacific side and the torrents of Coum- bia the other The river abounds in fish. espe- cialy salmon, which form the principal support of the 20 GOO sayages who inlabit the first and middle regions of Oregon.