Mobile register and journal., 1845-05-19


 which extends north and south between latitude 42 and attitude 5i So far as can ascertain, ihis large territory dues mol dl laar {" haze besn sah- ect of stipulation between any oi the countries q" Europe until late in the lst oeGtury. IL is sad, believe by tle Americans thu the treaty of Utrecht referred to the territory; but have found noihing, either in that treaty in the history of the negotia tions which preceded il, to show that il was so mentoned."
 The position and extent of Oregon are here cor rectly described Unler tfa, name are included all inc countries drained by the Columbia river. and | those intermediate between the iormer and flhe Pa cihc as well as the adjacent islands in that ocean, | and these countries eNIend from ihe 42 parallel of htitude which has been adopted by treaty separating Oregon and California, io the vicinity of the 51lh parallel. where the northern sources of the Columbia situated We may here be per- | milIed Io express qualification seeing these | countries recognised belonging the United | States by high scientific authority in Great Bri- | tain; smelly, b, lbe, ihe largest md beau- tifm constructed with an engraved surface, | which has been recently published in London, un- der the auspices Ul the celphaed "Soclety fur the Difus ion oi Useful Know ledge" Iii ls0 certan, that these countries were never made the subject ol specific stipulation between | Spain and Great Britain. We not that ] iany of the powers of Eurnpe before l790. in winch the Nnntka convention was concluded between the treaiy of Utrecht h"d been ever said by the Amer jeans refer lo the territory in question- That treaty does indeed provide for the appointment of comn,ssIontrs To settle Ihe bGun;arirs between l the Hulson's Bay territories hebnging io England, on the north, and the French possessions on the sou'h; and il has been said. and generally believed 1 in the Hnued Sates, that fhe l9h degree of lati- Jude WIS thus adopted the dividing iine, west ward lrnm point north nj Lake Superior Hut ihere i not the slightest svierce Of the cotiect- ness uf this belief, of the determination oi any
 line lur that purpose; wGu.d any line su adopted have applied in any way 10 Oregon; as the Hud- ! sons Bay company, by the express provisions of their charer hold no other lands ihan those drain | ed by streams entering Hudsun's Bayi excluding, l ol course, all west of ihe Rocky mountains. The 1 belief that such denarcaiion of boundaries was lredlly made. which has DO better foundation than an old map III fosr"hait's dictionary of commerce, Ne lhress formed he basis "f the adoptinn O the 1 18th parallel 10 1873, as tie line of separation be- tne'n lle territories ofihe United States and those 1 of Great Rlian from the Lake of the Woods io 1 the Rocky mountains well as o the offer made l by the United States and rejected by Great Britain to continue the lIne nn the same parallel westward i 10 the Pacific. Fortunate iy, reeards the bonn- l dary already fixed, better for both parties could nnder existing circumstances, have been selected | the policy of continuing farther westward appears 1 by means clear. | We continue he extract from Lord John Russell's speech i IL has been said the part of America, that the treaty of l763 ai the peace of Parls gave to France or Spain (to one or ihe other, for il has been put varionsv by the American clamanis) all the terrlio r, to the west of the Mississippi l have carefully rad all the negotiations which took place prevous l y to the peace oi Paris. well as the treaty itself made in l7H3 have recently had occasion to read i the despatches of the Duke of Bedford and the i Due de Choseul win respect 10 thai treaty, and il appears to my mind quHe clear irom Ill those docu menls, and from the tices of the treaty which ! aite wards agreed " that ihe only question al that time between France and England was the seitle ment ni the terrories of Canada and Lonisiana.- i The whole of Canada given by that treaty 10 l England, the territory of Louisiana was given to France, linear, hearl with the exception of Mobile, pa,i of inc territory of Mississippi, and New Or
 leans. There was also a stipulation with respect to Il district between the Mississippi aud the Iroqouis i III the treaty; but part ol the treaty nselt or ! he espaiches which preceded Il. is there any re- l iere the countries beyond the Rocky mountains territory 10 which either country had a claim 1 (HeI, hear) The only question: then, to consider, l in order 10 ascertain if ihe Oregon territory was n eIuded in that treaty, was whether Louisiana lnclu- ded any of the territory to Ihe west of ihe Rocky 1 Mountains. In able pamphlet written by Mr. Fac"uer, an extract from the instructions oi Louis | the Fourteenth to Monsieur Crozat IS given, and
 from those instructions il does not appear that Lou" | siana extended at thai period go far ihe Rocky | Mounains-it extended to the countries washed by
 the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Ohio and it was placed under the author ty of the French Gen eral Governor of Canada. That is the description given by Louis the Fourteenth in his nstructions; and il does mol appear from them that Louisiana comprised a-y territory, extending beyond the Roc- ky Mountains. does the treaty of 1763, either in express terms by implication, refer to any place beyond the Rocky Mountains. - (Iiear, hear, hear )"
 Now, the first half of ihls paraglah is reported somewhat diff reniv in other London journals, we have no disposition render Lord John Russell res- ponsibe for the numerous mistakes which he IS here represented as having made, with regard 10 terrItor-
 es assigned to Eng land and France respectively. by
 the treaty of Paris. t is indeed very possible, that
 in The early part ot the negotiation between the Duke of Bedford aud the Due de Choiseu their may have been discussions Ia the line of sepa ation between Canada, which had been conquered by Great Britain. and Louisiana, of which France still remained in pos
 session; hut the treaty oi Pars makes allusion to such houndries By ina; treaty France surrendered 10 Great Britain, all her former possession east of o l,ne drawn along the Mississippi, from lis source to the river Iberville, and down the latter strean
 and the lakes Maurepas and Poncl,artrain. to the | sea; which line 'irrevocaby fixed" as "the c0nfne between the dominions of his BrIiannic Ma
 lesty and those Of his most Christian Majesty in that pal of the world ' withuut regard to the question
 whether any of the territories thus ceded had pre- vously belonged to Canada toll louisiana. Nor is
 there any mention of alusion 10 'any disrlci be-
 tween the Mississpp and the lroquos, in the
 ". On the day of the signature of the preliminares
 To this treaty. France ceded 10 Spain all the territory
 left 10 her in North America, that is to say, all that portion of the conneAt then ca lied Louisiana, which extended westward from the Mississippi and the Iber
 vile, to Il distance undefned at the time. the re- | gons beyond he vicinity of the great river still re-
 nalheu uheXpiOieu. mus VIII serve 10 explain Wiaf Lord John Russell seems have himself clearly
 understood, from the terms used by him in the first
 sentence Of the paragrah aaoye quoted. The noble speaker seems also to have very ndis nct idea of
 he geography Of the country, when he says that from
 the instructions (meaning, probably, the cbarter) of
 Louis XVI to Crozvat. ''it does appear that tou
 islam extended to the Rocky mount aims !" while he
 at the time, admits that t "exieaded to the countries washed by the Mississippi, the Missouri. and the Ohio" That Louisiana '.was placed under | th nf inc If Cnu ada" in 1762, or al any lime after 17l7. the re. petition of missatenent made by British writers | after the conqest of Canada in order to favor the claim of that nation the whole reg ions of the Ohio, | the Mississippi. and the Missouri, then commonly | called the Ilnis, as embraced within the l,nIIs of the conquered province.
 | As 10 the question whether Louisiana included any | territory west of the Rocky Mountains, the Amer- can Government at first, made no expression of it's views. But when the British Government attempted part, if not the whole of Oregon denying to the Uni
 and even endeavoring to restrain then, within limits | farlhe, eastward, the American Government main tanned ifs rights the ground of continuity 10 extend the sovereignty of the republic westward to the Pacific. It the possession by Great Baiiain, in virtue of the charter her llulson's Bay Company, | of tine territories drained by streams entering that bay, is 10 enlitle he to those adjoining beyond the
 Rocky Mountains, then. by the same rule, the United States shall possess the region adjoining Louisiana on the West, as far in that direction the British l claim extends. The is what the United States de- | manded; and can any just objection be made io the demandf The British Government refuses to assent