The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1845-02-01

communicated with The treaty 10 IN,
=. Senate, we have selected from those docu
+. menls, Tor immediate publication, the
5 following, paper, which, tor all prsctl
cable uses,wlll, be more interesting lo
/, our readers than even the treaty itself
because il gives our Minister'S own
views Of character and bearings of the
realy.
I from Mr.. Cushing to the Secretary
Il Of State.
MACAO, July S, ls44.
SIR:-l have iHe honor TO enclose 10
you a copy Of The treaty OF Wang Hlya,
IS signed on the 81 inst.
On examining this documenl,vou will
find, in the first place, that in the des-
'criplion of the contracting parties, the
language of tie slipulalIons, and the
mode OF execution, The style Of perfect
Equality between the United States and
China has been seduousIy observed;'nd
may add that this has been careful y
attended 10 in the Chinese, as well as
IN The English duplicate Of The treaty.
You wlI! peIcelvc,n The second place
tina, this treaty contains many provis onS
which are not embraced either 10 the
English treaty of Marking, o. in the
res,y supplementary thereto, which
compreheods the tariff and lhs CONNER
cial regulations.
Fir,t. The tai if is amended, by the
eduction Of the duties on some articles
of American production. and BY fixing.
With create, precision, what goods ar.
.on,raband, or subjects Of monopoly.
ri-.o 10 uuruIuS 4" nc n"e''," "rd-
lies to limit the power OF the Emperor
n the exclusion Of articles OF import OF
xpor'. =,
Thus he nigh, render all commercial
privileges nuga'ory, by prohibiting The
xpol,alon Of lea and SILK, and tn i'm
,or,a,ion Of cotton or cotton iobrIcs:
e nigh, obslrucl The commerce ~ 'hos'
), any other article by making then
,he subjects of close monopoly,as Is now
ne case with salt.
This is guarded against in the treaty
If Wong Hiya,by making 'he objects oi
rontrabaud and monopoly matter OF
stimulation between the Governments.
And no notifications oil the tariff are 10
be made without the consent oil lh'
United States.
Second. BY the English treaties, the
lCousul is security lor the payment oI
duties, and is bound to prosecute Tor al
,ofraclionS of the revenue laws oil CHINA
This is TO transfer to the BrlISI
ICoyernmenl tie Office and responsibility
Of paying duties, which involves much
|of re guaIion and of form in the prosecn
|ion of trade, which experience has al
ready shown to be incouvenenl TO the
|subiec,s as we'll as the Government ol
IG,es, Britain. Ali this is avoided IL
the treaty Of Wang Hrya by making
he duties payable IN cash, which IS pei
irclly acceptable 10 the merchant, anc
Iln accordance wthlhe course OF business
OF China.
Third. New provision is made il
he amplesl manner for the trade, Iron
port to port China.
A ship which, having touched at Can
on, has there paid tonnage duties, an'
iischsrged par, Of her cargo ma!
u, oceed with the residue 10 any o,heI
mort in China without being subject t.
he paymen, of tonnage duty a secon'
e e|,ime; and goods which have been iande'
md paid duy a, one Of the ports 0
China, may al any ,lme,be re-expoIt
ed 10 any other port Of China with
out being subject 10 any further delay
This latter provision is equivalent to
warehousing system for ali The coast O
Chins.
Fourth. Due provision is made 70
he recognition aud personaIdignIly an
security Of consuIs or any other officer
whom The Government Of the Unite
States may see fit 10 appoint for I'll
superintendent of our trade in China
EEh In regard 10 The payment
duties, various provisions are inSerle
for the convenience Of our commerc,
w. with respec, 10 the mode of paymen
and, among Others, that merchandI'
may be landed from time TO time, asma
oc convenient, duty being paid on Il
articles only when they are landed, an
,ha, vessels NAV, within limited lin