Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1845-01-25

being yet under the seal Of confidence, which has
been removed from the greater part of the Docu-
ments communicated with the Treaty to the Sc
nate, we have selected from those documents for i'm
mediate publication the following paper, which, Tor
all practical uses, will be more interesting TO our
readers than even the Treaty ITSELF because It gives
our Minister'S own view Of the character and bear
ings of the Treaty.
From Mr.. Gushing to The Secretary Of State.
Macao, JULI s, ,la44
SIR have the honor to enclose to you copy Of the
treaty of Wang Hiya, as signed on the Sd instant.
On examining this document, you will find, in the hra
place, that in the description of the contracting parties the
language Of the spnaon and the mode OF execution tne
style perfect equality between the United States and China
has been seduousy observed and may add that tins has
been carefully attended to Chinese as well as IN te En-
gish duplicate Of the treaty
You will perceive the second place. that this treaty con-
tans many provisions which embraced either In the
English treaty of Marking, in the treaty suppeme ntay
thereto which comprehends the tariff and the commercial re-
guatons
First The tariff is amended by the reduction OF the duties
articles of American production, and by fixing with
greater precision what goods contraband or subjects O
monopoly
There is nothing in the English treaties to limit the power
of the Emperor in the exclusion Of articles of import export
Thus he might render all commercial privileges nugato,
by prohibiting the expectation Of tea and silk and the impor
taton Of cotton fabrics; he might obsruc the
commerce in these or any other articles, by making them the
subjects of close monopoly, the with salt
This is guarded against in the treaty of Wang Hya, by
making the objects Of contraband and monopoly matter Of
stipulation between the Governments. And notifications
the tariff be made without the consent Of the United
States.
Second By the English treaties the Consul is security for
the payment of Duties and is bound to prosecute for all
fractions Of the revenue laws of China This to transfer to
the British Government the Office and responsibility Of paying
Duties which involves much of regulation and of form in the
prosecution Of trade which experience has already shown to
be announcement to the subjects well the Government Of
Great Britain All this is avoided in the treaty of Wang
Hiya, by making the duties payable in cash. which is perfect
y acceptable the merchant and accordance with the
course of business in China.
Third New provision is made in the ampest for
the trade, from port to port, in China.
ship which, having touched Canton has there paid
tonnage Duties and discharged part Of her cargo, may pro-
coed with the residue any other port in China, without be-
ing subject the payment of tonnage duty second time and
goods which have been landed and paid duty Of the
ports of China, may at any time, be reexpoed any other
port Of China, without being subject any further duty This
the coast of China.
Fourth Due provision Is made recognition PR
sona dignity and security Of consu any other officers whom
the Government of the United States may fit TO appoint for
the superintendent Of our trade in China.
Fifth In regard the payment of duties, prov-
inserted for the convenience of commerce. with
respect the mode Of payment and among others that
chandse may be landed from time time, may be
nen duty being paid the articles only when they land
ed, and that vessels may within limited time, depart if they
please, without breaking bulk
Szth Citizens Of the United States are to have all accom-
mediation each Of the five ports only heretofore in
construction Of dwelling houses and magazines but also
churches, cemeteries, and hospitals.
Seventh Provision made for the employment, by Amer
cans Of persons teach the languages of the empire and
the purchase of books egazed having been the
heretofore for the Chinese Government prosecute and OPP
press such of IFS subjects either gave instruction sold
books foreigners in China which circumstance has been
great obstacle the study of the languages Of China the
acquisition Of the of satisfactory intercourse with its
Government
Eighth All Americans in China are to be deemed subject
only to the jurisdiction Of thor Government both in Grim
nal matters and in questions of civil right.
shall have occasion hereafter into these subjects
somewhat in DETAIL and suggest the President the expe
diency Of recommending Congress the enactment Of laws
dppncapie not In Snma,
Turkey and elsewhere in Asia where Americans Tin COM
with Europcans) in like exempt from the
jurisdiction of the local Government.
Ninth Citizens of the United States in China and every
thing appcranng them, placed under the special pro-
lection of the Chinese Government which engages to defend
them from all insult or injury
If the Chinese authorities neglect their duty this respect
they Of become responsible for all consequences
complaint being made the Government of the United States
In part execution Of this and other corresponding provisions
of the treaty. particular arrangements in train for the fur
Their security Of citizens Of the United States residing Can
ton, of which report will made to you in due time
Tenth The vessels Of the United States to and
go freely between the ports Of China and those of other
country with which China may happen to be at war, in full
security not only for the ship but for all descriptions Of
chanse the neutrality of our ag and every thing
being especially guaranteed.
Eleventh Provision Is made for the protection and relief of
vessels stranded the of China driven by any sort
Of rs major into whatever pert Of Chns and also for the
restitution Of property taken by pirates in the of China
7oeh. Equality in correspondence between civil mill
tary and naval officers Of the United States and those Of China
stipulated also the Observance Of all courtesy and respect
the correspondence between individual citizens of the United
States and officers Of the Chinese Government.
TArtee No presents be demanded Of either Gov
eminent by the other.
The usage among Asiatc States Of giving and receiving
presents has been the Of great the
United States those where il has been mere
matter courtesy But the receipt Of presents by the Chi
nese Government has always hitherto been assumed by the
latter as Of tribute the part Of the Government
king such presents seemed be still desirable abo