Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1845-01-31

The seal of secrecy has not yet been re-
moved from the Treaty between our Gov
eminent with China, but most of the docu-
menls which accompanied it when sent 10
the Senate, are not included in the iniunc-
ton. Among these is letter from Mr..
Gushing 10 the Secretary of State, contain
ing an abstract of the Treaty, with his views
of its character and bearing. We copy ii
below from the National Inteligencer, and
as that paper remarks, il will be read with
more interest even than the Treaty itself.
THE TREATY WITH CHINA.
From M Gushing TO the Secretary O. Stale.
MACAO, July 5, 1874.
SrR:-I have the honor to enclose to Won copy
of the treaty Of Wang llya, signed on the Sd in
stant.
On examining this document, you will find, in the
frs, place that, in the descr piion of the contracting
parties the language OF the spuIa,l,ns and The mode
execution, the style Of perfect equality between the
United States and China, has been seduousy observ.
al and may add, that this has cen carefully at
tended TO in the Chinese well as in the En.ilsh di-
pcate Of the treaty.
Yuu will perceive, in the second place that this
treaty contains many provisions which are not en-
the treaty supplementary thereto which comprehends
the tariff and the comnerca! regulations.
LIST. The tariffs amended, by the reduction Of the
duties on some articles Of American production, and
by fixing, with great precision, what goods are con-
trahand, or subject of monopoly.
There is nothing IN the English treaties to limit the
power of the Emperor IN the exclusion Of articles OF
import or export.
Thus he might render all commercial privileges nu.
gntorv by prohibiting the exploration OF tea and silk
and the importation of cotton cotton fabrics; he
might ohsiruct the commerce in these any other
articles by making them the subjects Of close monop-
olv rs is now the with salt
This is guarded against in the treaty Of Wang Hiva
by making the objects of contra and aad monopoly
matter of stipulation between the Governments. And
no notifications of the iai1 are 10 lie made withou,
the consent of the tniied States.
2i BY the English treaties the Consul is security
for the payment Of duties and is bound TO prosecute
for all iniracuns of the revenue laws OF China This
IL 10 transfer the British Government the office and
responsibility of paving duties, which involves muc
of regulation and If form in the prosecution Of trade
which experience has already shown 10 be inconven
ent To the suheci well as The Government o
Great Britain. All this 10 avoided in the treaty o
Wang Hlya by making the duties payable in cash
which is perfectly acceptable 10 the merchant, and in
accordance with the course Of business in China.
81. New provision is maze IN tn" anplest manner
for the trade, from port 10 port, in China.
A ship which, having touched at Canton, has there
pal tonnage duties and discharged part Of the car
90, may proceed with the residue to any other port ii
China. without being subject the pa vment of ton
mage duty second tme and good, which have beer
landed, and paid duty nj one of the ports of China
NAV, nj time, he re-expured TO any other port o
China, without being subject to any further duty
TINS latter provision l. equivalent 10 warehouse sys
TEN for all the coast Of China,
/ 4h Due provision Is mnde for the recognition anC
personal dignity and security of consnls or any Oihe
officer; whom the Government of the United States
may 81 81 to appoint for the superintendent OF ouT
trnte III China.
! 9Th. In regard to the payment of drties, various
provisions are inserted, for the convenience of oul
commerce. with respect to the mode Of payment and
T among Others, that merchan Use may e landed Eoul
time to time, ms may be convenen, duty being paid
on the articles only when they are landed. and that
vessels may, within n limited time. depart, if they
please, without breaking bulk
9th. Citizens OF the United Staes to have all
| cnmmoiaon NJ each of the five ports, not only as
here' fore in the construction of dwelling houses and
magazines but also of churches, cemeteries and hos
plias.
7lh. Provision is made for the employment. by
Americans Of persons to teach the languages of III,
empire and the purchase Of hooks is lenalized; il
having been the custom heretofore for the Chimes,
Government T. persecue and cypress such Of It's sub
lecis MS either gave instruction sold books for
eigners in China; which circumstance has been
great obstacle TO the study If the languages Of China
and the acquisition of the means of satisfactory inter
course with It's Government.
Slh. All Americans in China 10 be deemed sub
jecis only TO the jurisdiction of their own Govern
men', both in criminal matters and in question Of civil
| iilht
Lshal have occasion hereafter 10 enter into thes,
Subjects somewhat in detail, and TO suggest TO III,
| President the expectancy Of recommending to Con
gress the enactment of laws in tins ieln ion appca
bic not only 10 Americans in China, but in Turke,
aud elsewhere IN Asia where Americans Tn common
with EnrOpeans) in Ike manner EXEMPT from nh,
jurisdiction Of The local Government.
| OH ClIlzens OF the United States in China, anc
ever, hng 'ppertalnpg 10 them are placed under III,
special protection of the Chinese Governments wheel
on N Grnp ,nil inc ,,,..,
II the Chinese authorities neglect their duty in th
respect they of course become responsible for all con
sequences, on compliant bei'.g made TO the Govern
ment of the United States.
! In part execution of this and other corresnondn,
provisions of the treaty, particular arrangements ar
in tram for the further security of citizens of the Unite
States residing in Canton, of which q report will Il
made to YOU IN due time.
10Th The vessels of the United States are to com
and 60 freely between the ports of China. and those
any otner country with which Chua NAV hapuen {,
be at war, IN full security, not oay for the ship bu
for al descriptions Of merchandise; the neutrality
our nag, anu every thing covsrs being especial
Guaranteed.
llth. Provision is made for the Protection and re,
ofvesses stranded on the of China or driven
any sort of ris major into whatever por of Oh
m and also for the restitution of property taken b
pirates in the sens Of China
, l2ih. FqnllIy in correspondence between civil
military and naval officers of The United States an
those Of China is stipulated also the observance
a courtesy and respect in the correspondence he,wee
individual citizens of the United States and officers
the Chinese Government.
18Th. No presents are 10 be demanded by eth
Government of the other.
The usage among Asatic States of giving and r
= cplving presents has been the source Of great nco
% venienre to the United S'n'es in those cases ev,
!, | where /, has been mere matter of courtesy. But
" the receipt of presents by the Chinese Governme
has always hitherto been n sumed By the latter as
d act Of tribute on the part Of The Government mak
such presents, II seemed 10 he still more desra lie
,r abolish the practice AT once by A provision Of t
. treaty.
F" IA. Sims Of war Of the United States and tn
e commanders, nre al all times To be courleously
J. ceved IN the ports Of China.
O. II senmed To me that such provision would sect
TO our ships of var all such access to the ports
China as may be needfu, either for their own rel
" or for the protection Of the merchant ships and G
10 zens of the United States While il would be ncc
venlent to go so far as the English have done, n
engage TO keep ship Of war at all times IN each
the five ports of China
Is Heretofore, no Government Except Russn) |
ne held direct communication with the Court of CHI
n. Al the present time the British Governm'
~ does not hold correspondence with the Court of
nj king. ! insisted upon and ob,aine n provision
communications between the Two Governments.
u The ari lie Of The treaty does not specify to VIII
u commune, lions from the United STATES shall be-
dressed, it brng left To The dis 'reon Of the Amer
II. Government 10 elect whom 1t may address, not
n cepling the Emperor.
'" Upon this point shall make 10 YOU n separate &C
us munlca'lon, with reference well TO It's ppoIta