The New York herald., 1845-11-06

candidate for Office The civil functionaries are no bet
tumbling into rnn the roads OF repair
iactures scarcely exist; is declining from day
to days there Is navy to protect the coass and the
population is diminishing with apidty unexampled in
any other country In short the $50 called republic is
utterly helpless either to preserve tranquility at home
or to repel aggression from abroad.
In such circumstances nobodycan be surprised at the
ambitious views OF the sister republic on the eastern
shores OF the same continent As early as 1903 Colonel
Aaron Burr made no secret OF his intention to revolu.
tionize New Spain His conduct indeed was dsavowed;
but what satisfaction that to Mexico or SPAIN seeing
that was approved by government and people still
the older republic taught lesson-to act with
greater cautonto substitute cunning for open force
In conformity with this policy treaty of limits was
proposed by him some years and the basis OF
sent moment The whole country north of the river
Bravo del Norte and Of the thrtrst degree OF north
latitude to be surrendered to the United states-n
other words to be absolute cession OF Tex
as, New Santander New Bscay New Mexico most oil
Sonora, and Upper California Degraded the court Of
proposals with Indignation and directed the colonial pro.
vinces to protect themselves against both the open and
cession of tine Flordas in lsi9 suspended these
proceedings but on the downfall Of the royal
caution ndesd but with preatar effect any a.h
is be placed in the assertion of who ought be
well informed Of territory have been repeat
edy though secretly wrung from the Mexican govern
ments from Iturbide down to Santa Anna One thing
at least is cerainhat the agents Of the United States
have for many been actively employ ed in prepar
ing the minds OF the people in all the northern provinces
and especially New Mexico and Upper California for an
with the great republic Nothing could be
disavowed; when likely to lead to good result, they
uniformly supported Thus it is with Texas which
in spite Of all the opposition that England could offer is
annexed" And thus it will also be with New Cali
forpa 1896 the inhabitants prevailed to rise
against the authority Of Mexico, and to assert their
independence-a measure necessarily preparatory to
annexation" Before province can treat with an
independent State must itself be Free or at least pre-
tend to be which answers the purpose for no
does declare its independence than its act
cognzed by the cabinet at Washington In ls4l, and
the following year. shall have ocsason to OBJ
the strides made by those agents. and by the
wledged functionares of the IT, States, still
decided. While the question in regard to Texas
pending, show of moderation necessary but
now that it is settled, the intrigues in California i'll
80 GO on with greater yigonr until new anneSa
moaning to everybody ese)may say think of the
inevitable They clearly perceived by our author
and by the government which he All the Span
ish provinces of North America will form an iie.
gral portion Of the most ambitious republic the world
has yet And know not that such result ought
that Utopian dream the balance of power the interests
OF humanity paramount to every other consideration
In Mexico any change must be for the better govern
ment, law, religion education, individual happiness
every thing must gain by it. However while English
men we regard the proceedings OF the American cabinet
with Indignation, as phanthropists we can hardly
avoid looking with satisfaction to their results Govern
ment is to be valued only it conduces to the weare
Of the governed Where does not and cannot answ e
this obvious end the replaced by another the
better for humanity. We by that
the United States will gain by hersystem" To nation
the reverse OF military and (what much seriou
without direct central authority, an indefinite exten
sion of frontier must necessarily be source Of weak
neither by itself Asn s s the dv.1as asse to Of "a ds
e BODY dSene
more striking recede from given point-mus
daily weaken the bonds of conexion between parts
heterogeneous Such unions whatever their ostenstle
political advantages never be cordial and therefore
they can never be permanent. In opinion, the
greatest that could befal the Ango.Americans
would be the immediate accomplishment of their own
designs They would iead union indeed, unexaii
Piled for extent in the history Of the world but would
assuredly not be union Of strength And the day
would be far distant when the rival interests OF the
Northern and Southern States would be brought into
But passing over this Introductory matter let US pi O.
cced at once to the proper object OF the work before US
the survey Of the western provinces of Mexico which
is to be followed by that of the western coast of the
continent generally But the first volume does not
beyond the confines OF the ancient viceroyay 20
that the Oregon question must be postponed until the
next volume is in our hands This delay is not to be
United States have not yet reached the point of
nor have yet sufficient data on which TO base the
question In the meantime Mexico itself is a field suhi
cently wide for our present purpose.
NJ Duhot de Mofras commences his Expio-
ration" with the lsthmus of Darien, and pro-
ceeds northery along the west coast Califor.
MAS So minute and accurate an observer was rot
likely to overlook the practcahility OF communication
between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacfc and accord
ingy find that he enters into the subject at some
length. It is not generally known that far back
1920 proposal made to Charles V. to through
the sthmus Of DaTen and by many vceroys that and
the succeeding century the project was seriously enter
tanned Within the present century however moe
other route many hundreds of miles north of Panama,
viz the sthmus of Tehuantepec But at the first glance
for vessels bound any part of the Pacific south of tie
equinox would scarcely answer the expectations Of
merchants Independently of this consideration of a
the have yet devised that Tehu
pee the least practicable The Isthmus is fifty leagues
in general not very to cut through There is, in
deed river the which might be rendered
navigable though at great expense for vessels Of
large burden and thus save much trouble in the
struction of either canal railway throughout Bu,
though this river is undoubtedly advantage, it is
the only offered by the route, while the
disadvantages too serious to be contemplated
without apprehension to the practicability of tie
result The best engineers after careful survey OF
the country, do not think possible to carry canal
from to sea; and they forced to the conclusion
that canal the river and railway, would all three be
found necessary for the transit of goods and pass
As in this case it ould bo requisite to cut through
larger space than has been calculated for either
Of the routes by Panama Daren, may we'll be
prised that Tehuantepec should have attracted tie
notice OF practical men.
The route over the Isthmus of Panama may be reck.
ened eight leagues; and though has mountain barrier
that is formidable the one traver
ing the Tehuantepec In every respect, il is the
eligible course third route, somewhat longer, but
easier of execution, may be carried the Isthmus
Dsren In the latter region valley has been recently
discovered, which would greatly facilitate the construc
tion of either canal or a railway But after ALL the
most desirable route seems by the river St. juan the
lake Nicaragua aud canal to the nearest point the
Pacific unless indeed the bed of the Rio Pardo shouli
be widcned and deepencd in preference Both the lake
Just mentioned and the contiguous one OF Leon
vigable for large vessels IL is thi reason doubtless,
joined to the superior facility of the ground to be
vaed that induced two eminent engineers Zone French
the other Spanish in 1880 and the following year. to
commend this route before any other; and there is
son to believe that it will be preferred should the long
projected commun cation be attempted.
Passing over our authors description OF Acapulco,
MHaan, San Bias, Guaymas, &c. with the intervening
coats come to the provinces of Upper aud Lower
Sonora, as they sometimes Called Pimeria Alta
and Baa from the chief Indian tribe hich inhabts them
Hermosilo, which not far distant from Guaym is
though very small town, OF the most remarkable
places in the New World Situated ia fertile plain, and
possessing in abundance all the productions necessary
life 1t is attractive from its being the of
most successful mining operations. In this town,
during the year $780, refined six hundred bars OF
silver and sixty Of gold, OF which the estimated value
was million OF dollarsan estimate, be il remembe
considerably short of the real value for the sake of d