The Arkansas banner., 1845-04-23
Eromhe MemDhis .AppeaL.

| tnelr great IntefetS are depfeSsed-tiIdt ldool is improbable il its present application to the leading agricultural pursuits, and that something must le done 10 change and lm- prove the preset state of things, 1t only seems necessary D adopt some course to se- cure concert of alton to effect this and oth- CT great objects.
 In the Enquirq of the 8th of March a communication firm an "Old Planter" pro- poses a Convention constituted of delegates from all the cotton growing States, to bring about concert of adion in changing the pres ent ruinous system of agriculture. Other, and perhaps equally lyimportantmatters, should claim the consideration, and demand the ma ture deliberation, of a southern and Western | Convention.
 While it Is the riglt and duty of the States to attend to their different interests and reg uIations, they have ceded to the General Government important sources of revenue, to be disbursed for the good of the whole country; and if the southern and western States, from neglect tinpresenting their claims from want of concert in pressing them, or from selfshness in the older northeastern States, i'll withholding an equal distribution of the revenue from the construction of great works for defence, and important national channels of communication for the transpor- taton of ships, troops and munitions of war, to make them available and successful in procuring our protection and safety, why l then the claims of the southern and western States should go up to Congress, importu- nately, as the voice of one man, until their rights are secured and these objects eflec- ted
 To the southwestern and the north-wes tern States great channels of communication with New. Orleans as their southern, and New ork as their northern emporiums- are important to their national prosperity in peace; and in war these channels of com municatlon, with such means and public works for defence as are necessary to pro- tect and defend the Gulf coast in the south and the Lake coast on the north, are lndls- Pensabie to prevent the stagnation of trade the devastation and ruin of every thing valu- | able on these coasts, and the destruction of these great emporiums. The great national objects of improvement, then, which the western and southern States should press up on the general government are, the clearing out and improving of all the great rivers the construction of the canal proposed by Lieut.. MAURY, to connect the Mississippi, through the Illinois river, with the Lakes the establishment of such otter ship-yards, naval stations, &c., as may be necessary, III addition to the Navy ! ard at Memphis,-to furnish the steam ships of war, armed and manned, necessary for the defence of the Southern Gulf and northern Lake coasts.-- To make these channels of water commuHi- cation, and these naval works of defence the more promptly and certainly available in se- |emiag the protection and defence of tie country. great central land thoroaehlares are essentially important aaxIiafies ia war, and highly useful and important 10 commercial prosperity in peace.
 Among the most important roads to inc south and west, both ill war and in peace, i. the great Atlantic and Mississippi Railroad from Charleston 10 Memphis, and its contin- llation hy turnpike at proeont5 IS to admi ol its being converted inlo a railroad, II tho future, from Memphis 10 the western frontier and Texas, or al least to Little Rock, iii Ar kansas
 These are great and important objects tc De considered, and the proper and most eff elent course to be determined on and put 1T operation to secure their accomplishment either by individual or State enterprise anl means, so far as they are local-and appro- Priatlons from the general government, fol the establishment and completion of such as are national in their character and impor- lance.
 Besides these works of local and national improvement for protection and defence and commercial purposes, which ought to bema- turely considered by convention, tie whole system of agriculture in the south requires to be changed and improved 10 secure it's general prosperity and the proper reward lol labor.
 Ii any plan can be devised, by means oi which the supply of cotton can be kept with Iii the amount actually required, the price may be raised to, and continued al from s to 10 cents-which will withdraw from one fourth to one third of the labor now em- ployed in that way for other purposes, and yield the planters as much as they now re- celve for the whole.
 The amount of labor withdrawn from planting may be useluIIy and profitaby em- fio GN III itldAiliS IptdS--lil Ildklllg DfONlS- ions and supplies of all kinds, and in manu- featuring.
 In ehecting radical change in the whole southern system of agriculture, the first and most Important step is, to adopt the means necessary to secure the application of no more of the amount of labor, to the culture of cot ton, than Is necessary to supply the demand The labor thus turned from that direction will seek profit in the other employments already alluded to.
 By the acquisition of Texas, the United States will control the entire valuable cotton region; and if the people in the cotton States can control themselves, so as to guard and protect their own interests, they can secure a stead y remuneratng price for its production from all the markets of the world. Cannot this be done? Cannot, by conventional agree ment and arrangement, each planter be in- duced 10 limit the culture of so many acres of cotton to the hand, and to employ his sur. plus labor in making all of his suppies-ir manufacturing, and in other things that vii be more profitable than raising cotton at tho present low prices:
 We believe all these things can be done