The Arkansas banner., 1845-06-25

;rica, of which British subjects had been dis possessed, were to be restored.
 Article 3 stipulates that the respective sub 'iects of England and Spain shall not be dis
 turbed in landing on the coasts of the Pacific,
 in places not already occupied, for the purpose Iof commerce or of making settlements there.
 By article 4 British subjects are not to
 navigate or fish within ten sea leagues from any part of the coast already occupied by Spain.
 By article ,, in all places to the nnrth of
 the coast already occupied by Spain, wherever
 the subjects of either nation shall hereafter
 make settlements, the subjects of the other
 shall have free access.
 The northernmost point then occupied by
 Spain was Port San Francisco, in lat. 38.-- Next year, Capt. Vancouver was sent by the .English government with instructions to re- |eelHe the surrender of Nootka Sound and to Iexplore the northwest coast. On his way ,out, Vancouver committed one of the most remarkable pieces of maritime diplomacy on |record. He took exclusive possession in the name of the King of England of the whole Iterrltory from lat. 3920 to the straits of San
 Juan de Fuca, in IS. That is to say, the treaty having stipulated that the whole coast north ct the Spanish possessions should be 'open to the settlement of the subjects of both nations, he quietly seized in the name of the
 King oi England more than two-thirds of the
 habltable part of 1t. It does not appear that
 any attempt was ever made 10 act on this
 absurd assumption of sovereignty. A large
 portion of the territory comprehended by it- that between 3920 and 42-is now under
 the undisturbed sovereignty of Mexico. In ItS80 Spain restored Louisiana to France, and i'm 1903 France ceded it to the United States. This gave, for the first time, to the United States claim by contguity to the portion of ithe Oregon territory which lies to the west Ioi Louisiana, subject, however. to the Spanish Ielalm to advance north in respect to Cali Ilornia, and to the Russian claim 10 proceed lsouth. and also subject to the provisions of lthe Nootka Sound convention.
 In 1905 or 1906 the Rocky mountains jwcre, as we have already stated. first crossed by the servants of the Hudson Bay Company on the north, and by Lewis and Clarke on
 the south
 The Hudson Bay Company soon afterwards established some hunting posts on the west Iol those mountains. The Americans made little use of this new field until 1911, when 'Astor founded the small settlement to which
 he gave the namc of Astoria, near the mouth
 oi the Columbia. During the war of 1913 Astoria was taken by England. In pursuance
 oi the first article of the treaty of 1874, 1t
 was restored to persons sent by the American
 government to receive it. The English flag was struck, and the American flag hoisted.
 It now became necessary to maae some
 between America and England, !As neither party had any exclusive claim against Russia or Spam, perhaps the best plan was that which was adopted, namely, 10 copy 'the Nootka Sound convention, and agree |''that any country which may be claimed by 'elther party westward of the Rocky noun |talns shall for ten years be open to the citi- zens and subjects of both powers; this agree |ment not to prejudice the claim of either |pafty, CT of airy other state" This was the |conyenion of ISIS In 1919, by the Florida treaty, the 12d parallel was admitted by the Iunllcd States to be the Spanish frontier, and SPdin ceded 10 Me UnHed States aH her lrghts, ctaiRs, and pretensjonS 10 ang ferri- itory north of that line. From that time the United States had three titles. First, their town by contiguity; secondly, that of Spain by contiguity; and thirdly, that of Spain by discovery; the two Spanish titles being, how fever, subject to the Nootka Sound conven- atlon. In 1921. Russia put in her claim. By ian imperial ukase she declared the whole northwest of America, above the 5lst parallel jto be part of the Russian territory. Agains 1 this England and the United States protested jand, after fr,litless attempt at joint negota- ton, each treated separately with Russia By ithe American treaty of the l7lh of April 1924, t was stipulated that the United State: Ishould form no settlements north of 5440 land Russia none south of that line. By tht lEagish treaty of the 18th of February, 1925 Ia line beginning in 54 40, and then running l in northwestern and northern direction, wa, declared to be the boundary between the Rus .slan and the British possessions.
 The claimants of the territory between the Russian and the Spanish boundary were now ,reduccd to two: England and the United States; and in 1926, as the convention oi Il9l8 was near it's expiration, an attempt was made to effect final partition. Both partie: sagreed that the boundary line should start ithe 49th parallel, but England required that a. !soon as the line struck the nortleasternmos ;bfanch of the Columbia, that river shoult ,fofm the boundary. America required tha lthe 18th parallel should continue the bonn diary England afterwards agreed to surren 3der the peninsula north of the Columbia formed by the Admiralty inlet. This wa refused, and the negotiation ended by an in. ldeinite prolongaton of the convention ol 1918, each party being at liberty to annul i Hoy years notice.
 We now come to the last source of title ! 3seHlemem. America in this respect has done little. The settlement at Astoria was aban- .doned soon after it was restored, and is now occupied as post by the Hudson Bay Com pany. From 1000 to l,500 Americans arc ! said to be now settled on the WiIamet, one of the southern tributaries of the Columbia And this we believe is all Nor has Engant sdone much more. The exclusive right oi ltrading with the Indians in the country has ] been granted by the crown to the Hudsor Bay Company; but the grant contains nt spower to acquire, and still less to give tilt glo lands contains prOyIso that nothno