The New York herald., 1845-01-12

West, constituting the great highways Of our internal
commerce. all seem 70 admit and 1t Is trusted that re
and experience viii lessen the contest the question
ofther nationality
The Red RIVER rat whilst it is remarkable for its
novelty proves TO be the most infexibe obs ruction
navigation to be found upon any of great rivers
The labor ofthe private contractor and the skill of the
the liability OF this obstacle TO annual refor
nation Itcan only be by Congress persever
ing and placing In the handa Of the proper bureau
reasonable sums, TO BE- expended annually the work
proceeds and may be found to be fHcient
The remarks in the report Of the chief Of the topogra
phica bureau In rela ion to the lighthouse
upon the lakes, well deserve attention The exremies
OF the hsrbor pers separate structure contiguous
them are the best Sites and in many cases are u
pier therefore, has to be constructed with view to be-
the foundation OF the principal light house or
should be placed upon the fast land 1t Is then essential
the safety If the that secondary beacon
light should be erected the Of the pier Thus the
different structures become blsnded and both safety and
durability a. well economy require that they should
form parts OF the original design and be subjected
to- and conducted by, the same superntendence The
plans and modes OF construction light houses requiring
many scientific considerations should in my
be placed under the direction OF corps whose studies
peculiarly Ct them iOr the trust without therefore 70
ing into the question OF transfer OF the whole light
house system to the direction of the corps Of topograph
cal enginee s-at transfer which might properly be
made-ye being fully satisfied h,t the light house
system upon our lakes should be under the bureau Of
that corps 1t Is confidently recommended that it should
be SO transferred by authority OF law, together with
this necessary clerks.
hope shall be able prior the adjournment of Con.
gress to have the pleasure OF laying before you to be
transmitted to that body, the report the modest aud
gallant young officer Lieutenant Fremont, who has just
returned ON exploring territory west Of the Ro ky
ntsins. His expedion peculiarly srduous aud
dangerous The inclement season fthe year at which
the greater part OF il was perormed-the wilderness Of
snowthe barren deserts the lofty acd rugged noun.
tains, almost completely Known TO geography-T
OF savsges entire strangas to the face Of white nun
involved him and his bold adventurous partyn situations
and peris the most critical. and requiring the utmost
fortttude to enceunter and overcome
From the time oi Lewis and Ciarks first expedition to
the better known portion Of that country to the
day, many traveller have crossed the ROCKY Mountains
until at last the emgraDt1 trail to the rich valley Of
Wallamette. s now raversed by every kind OF convey
Entire families with their household furniture and
domestic stock cross these mountains in OF new
home
In consequence Of the conflicting claims Of foreign
naon to the territory west Of the Rocky Mountains
Congress has exhibited reluctance 10 organize unde
territorial Cover nnent. Entertaining, my ss no doubt
the proprety and expediency Of the measure JUST
tasbe by the legitimacy ofeur claim, shall say nothing
something arer home.
The immediate valleys OF the head stresms Of the Ar.
nuch and valuable land. The Patte or Nebraska being
the central stream leading into from the great South
Pass would very properly furnish nsms to tho terrtery
government. in connection with, and preliminary
extension ia tnat direction, Of our military posts.
would confne the Nebraska Territory undsputed
possessions lhs side OF the Rocky Mountains Its
boundary line wou commence at the mouth oftae Kan
and up the missouri river to the mouth OF the
the head cfts northern branch and thence due
the Windriver chain From this point, turning sou
ward, the line would continue along the Wind rive,
range, and the main chain OF the Rocky Mountains
head ofthe Arkansas; and following tnat stream III.
mouth efthe Pawnee Fork, would pass by the heads Of
he Neosha and Usage rivers, sgan to the mouth Of the
Kapz ~.
Tho eastern section Of the region embraced by thes
boundaries, from the Missouri river westwsrd for two
hundred mites, is Of great agricultural beauty sno
facilities thicky tmbered the tributaries
the Kanzas, Usage and Nsosha rivers and fertility equal
to the best land in Missouri From the Limit this fertile
portion, westward for space Of 4O0 miles, he country is
entirely covered with rich grasses which improve in
quantity and quality up to the Of the mountsins
The limits Of this territory incudethe extreme head Of
navigation of the Arkansas, all the good lines of
tue Mexican boundary and Santa Fe and also excel
lent and more DIRECT pass TO Oregon discovered by
cent exploration, about hundred and fifty miles south
ward OF the great Ssuth Pass.
Although the number Of inhabitants engaged in
agriculture and other pursuits within those limits do
sord amount OF population at all adj quate,
to the formation Of full and complete territorial govern.
ment yet such nchoae and preliminary organiza
might be adopted would be necessary extend
the control and authority Of the general
to throw its protection around emigI to Oregon
In their passage through this country
territorial oganzston OF the country and military
force placed on the very summit from whence flow all
the great streams Of the North American Continent either
into the Cuff OF Mexico the Pacific Ocean, would
longer leave our title to the Oregon Territory barren
untenable claim Its possession and occupancy would
Pacific Ocean Troops and supplies from the projected
Nebraska Territory would be able 10 contend for its
possession with any force coming from the Natural
obstruction in the navigation the Columbia river woulo
enable settlements gradually to approach the coast de
fance iii It should tha any navy in the world
The me indeed nigh. be distant, when these very
settlements would supply all the elements which might
be needed OF naval strength 10 give us natural and
proper position on the Pacific Ocean. In carry ing
these views, would recommend an appropriation OF
500 000 for erecting the military the Missouri
river to the Rocky Mountains.
The discharge ot that power over all Indian affairs
which has conferred upon the War Department.
becoming every day more interesting, involving great
questions o the means OF education, and the
dvsncement OF the Christian religion amongst
fortunate and sen wroDged people, with the great and
benevolent design to save them from total extinction
The comprehensive duties thus thrown upon acquire
deeper concern, and awaken anxious topics OF
speculation by knowledge o ths TACT that the govern
men, the United States, tho accomplishment Of
laws and OF treaty stipulations, has transferred to
the country west o the Mississippi river eighty
two tuldred and eighty Indians since The
adoption oi emigrston-a policy hich must very soon
exhaust itself in the etire remov al 0i all the remaining
within the limits OF any OF the states That number
(wlthout embracing, say seven thousand Chocaws
ames, Tor whose emigration contracts are made added
those tribes TO the west side o the Mississippi
and embracing those only OF whom returns have beeL
made the Office of Indian bfairs, amounting to
hundred and x.yeght thousand SIX hundIe ed and nine
teen, will show indian population otwo hundr.d
nfty -four thousand aud known 10 The United
stat. contig ders ely pend
Of the aud numerous tribes that Foam through
the distant forests OF our own territory and whost
habs and proper slties FENDER II impossible 10
make remote calculation OF theit force
suca like ise, areour ininate connection and fscsl
by the estimates OF The Indian bureau for the coming
year, demand will be made upon the ov DmeDt!ior tt,
annual appio opriaion OF million
inite tnousod ak hundred and twenty liae
dosi and fourteen cents. portion Of this sum,
ing seventy thousand hundred ana y fst
doia exclusive ,f prv.te contribute mace BY
rioas religious demo osllnstsns Inpeil.d by the pure
of ofCRusnity l. distursed ior the Purp tf eau
cation amoIg the several Indian tribes, agrecsby 10
treaty supuisions
some ii n.se tribes under the benign protection aud
Efforts Of the general government arc rapidly changing
n.ir condiion. and assuming character which ,ntre
ighsr c.nder aton anu must spesii press up
tolgtess IN, NECESSITY OF d.,i iius the ques ion
whether ymust not essen io
and, insesd vi syseD If gu uusD. nip, adopt thst If
ncorpora, and ex.noiug oser hen the blessings OF
ns utens, Us ta,lr nora 40. sfeliectusi I'M
srovem and 70 do Without
exposing their present rights ~ impcsoD and puuder
In the of the progress under moral enterprise
i,r their civilization, they must eventually attain the
ssgacny 10 look individual and social rights and
that degree Of general enttie them TO the
fulllextenson VI all the priv sgestf American citizens
When that time shall arrive, there will be Lo obstacle TO
po association by OF any natural acquired
rep ,gnancc TO the blood II the original Am. rcsn.