Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1845-10-14

hIi. AiHS Al - FilUclp,S VI lBiS Stu-
sututicn lnat representation and taxation should
60 hand in hand. This paragraph states that The
numoer OF Tree persons includirg ii, Sc bound 10
service Tor Z term Of years ant. tYcudihg Indians
not taxed, three ht.hs Of all other persons hall be
computed IN ascttainipg tie number o! represen-
taiires. These persons are The aares. By This
rule ale representation ard taxation TO be appor-
,ion.d. And il was adopted, 6feanss Al ros ne
'oneuogs IF all America "-[2nt vol. Ct Eliioll's
Debates.
Judge Dana concluded iron survey OF eUs-
~ pan Of The Constitution. that il was the best
thai The wisdom 81 meG could suggest
Mr.. Dawes said, he was very sorry 10 hear The
paragraph urter consideration objected 10. he
thought he objection unounded; that The 6iaet IN
kd6i0ais Of The Southern States must be consider
ed either as slaves, and &c So much property, or
in The character Of SO many lIeemen; II the Tor
mer why should they mol lie wholly represented
COR own State laws and constitutions would lead
10 consiter these blacks as irremen, and SO in
/ deed would our own ideas oil natural justice. IT.
/ then, they are reemen they might form an equa
7 basis ."r representation "a though ,h.v were all
white inhabitants. In eitifr r,en, there or, be
cceH 20 see that The Northern States would SUI
i,I.. -: ~ :. .;;..'T"
\ Mr. Gotham though: ne proposed section
much in favor oi Massachusetts" So highly was
, the Constitution euioei.ed that member al the
II
we hear The cserend clergy, the Judges OF the SUI
preme couri, and The ahie,, LAWYERS excriirg their
utmost abilities" Among The ayes upon the
| question Of ratification. are the names Of Cor
| ham, Dana, Gushing, Winthrop, Bowton. John
! Hancock, Samuel adams, and G:any Others CT
the most eminent men then living in Massachu-
! sets In raiying he Constitution. the Convcn-
/ ton proposed nine distinct amendments 10 the
Federal Constitution. Did the Convention cbee,
10 The representation OF slaves, and propose TO al
| Ter The Constitution in this fespecll No, bu The
Convention proposed, a. IN amendment, that ii
e explicitly declared that all p weIs, rol ey.
pressIy delegated By The aforesaid Constitution,
are yserrsd 10 TIC sercyaL Stdies IL 10 b, thin IL.
ercise@"-l Elliot, vol2.
The people Of HE Northern States have, from
time 10 time, spoken OF the representation Of he
slaves as a grievance. and 4 concession 10 tie
South on The part OF The Ncrih. Among others,
Nj. Justice Story. Of Massachusetts,, in his Com
! meniarlr> upon the ConsiaIiun inlmaes .ha.
! ii Is injurious 10 the ron. >avchoairg States. IL
j, obvious 10 every one, that he arrangement IS
based upon no precise principle, but IS compro-
| mise between conflicting opinions and interests.
ii any concession vas made, IL was mrde By the
I South lie interests ant views OF the North =
When he Constitution was rmed, The doctrine
prevailed universally il This country, thai Taxa
ton should be aproIiiOn't 10 represehla'ion.-
.
o,!.er principle. Had different rale been adopt
Ell, ;!r smaller and %ea.cg S.a.es would havo
been liable TO oppression on the part OF the L ole
rowc: .u States OF tie : hiaderacy. New jersey
and Dcla .aie, Tor exdmP,. with their lew rel re-
stElaliv"S, would not have agreed 10 be iltoie 10
1 he taxed txICc or thrice 70 high as New OK
ana Pennsylvania, which had Il larger nurnhcroi
representatives. A few oi The larger stsics might
have confessed and imposed oppressive taxes on
- lo t1tYr n al
The smaller Sales Of the Union. The slaves not
being dit,used throughout The country, hu con-
fined Ia certain States would have been liable 10
unequal and excessive taxation. The apportion-
menl ol taxation, according 10 representation, IN.
lerposed check and furnished restraint against
unequal demands 10 supply The national treasury
and without this safeguard and security, ms
>lavehoiiing States would never nave Iatihea inc
Constitution.
Ii my be ,ruc thai ,r0ge1ty is The most equita-
BE rulc Of taxation, Int il is difficult 10 dis
cove ihr actual amount o property held by each
in vGual that lie practical application OF 'he
rule is attended with great many cifhcnities-
Population affords tolerably correct irdex Of
naIonal wealth, The products OF industry beng
,oea,urci generally Ly The number OF inhabi-
tans. The p oJuclions of some Of the states
were raised by free labor, the productions OF
Others bv slave labor. The several States were
hurnd 10 furnish 10 tic common treasury an
amount 10 be asceriaincd BY The number OF people
in each State. OF what importance IS It "he'heF
The sum required, be mace by the labor oil nee
men or negro s.avcs1 Each Slaie vas at hter'
~ 10 form It's own domestic and Internal rceua-
TONS, without lie control or interference OF the
cu-Slatts. According 10 the usAses prevalent
among independent and sovereign States no Stale
had ii.hl IN ask is ou-Staies ifom what species
oil Labor they were enabled 10 pay lheirrroror ion
al the public burdens. The STATES sevcfail' pos
sessed The right 10 dema I'd, that each IN nd cor
tibule in proportion 10 populatiohi TURNER u'ey
had no right 10 90
. The view. Of John Adams, as expressed IN me
, Congress of Confederation, are So Just, mat 'ney
deserve attention on account Of their hea' ng up
on lhis snLlect Hcrematkci, That the hunters
of PEOPLE are taken as an index Of me "csnn o'
The State, and not as subjects OF Taxa 70; ihat.
a, 20 this matter, il was o no con'' az it' ny
G what name YOU called your people VIE hcf '
: lhal Of ietmcn or u slaves; that ~ :" inr f"n'-
l!its The laboIing poor are called T'rb!en ~
o,hcls they are called slaves but ihat me oin'-
: renee as 10 the State Was imaginary only.
J Certainly, FIVE hundred fleentn produce no more :.
{ profits M greater surplus Tor The pa'menI .!
b Yes Than five bundled slaves. sup
: pose by an extraordinary operation OF nature VI
j law. Gne-half HE ahprcrs Of 4 Stale coaid, IN
: The cou.s; al one night, he TRANSFORMED mo
slaves, would the State he made the poorer nf / -
: boring poor in most countries that oil The Usher
: men particularly OF the Northern STA es, IS as sh
/, iecI as that oil slaves II is The number oi laoo
| TcTs which produces the surplus Tor taxation ara
/ numbers inGi,crinnatcly, lbeeiorc, are me ihil
: index of wealth" Whcn these observsiuns were
made il had moi then been decided that ia1suet
!, should be regulated By tie same ratio as ie re
: seutalion, but This Circumstance does to weaken
tn '"rc" Of his argument in favor ol allowing e
- III ,an
: hf,ns OF their number. Population be ng taken
! as an index OF the wealth OF ne Stale, " belhg
n :'ni no consequence ~ what name YOU Calico
j your people, whether ~ that OF fieem'n or o.
{ siaves'-itiyc hundred ifeemen, Pfoducite, 10
i more profi.s no greater surplus tor Inc Iaymeh
i oflsyrs. Than ice hundred slaves, why should
c NOT The Southern States have been allowed re-
) rre.enta,ion Tor al heir slavcs7 Slave ere
4 employed almost eatirely in sgrcn lure, ana NJ
c peope Of Massachusetts can hardly believe tha
" three white laboTei5 engaged upon Masssehu
: sets farm can OF do produce agicn.nIa. rfe
9 ducls. equal in exchangeabe value with Ihe
/ amour, Of agricultural products made BY tht
: labor of five slaves employed in the culture OF co;
s ION, hemp or tobacco. Look 10 The cxpo''s OF To
; United States for The last fiiy years, and see how
y large n portion was tho product OF Inc Southern
q slave labor The imports have been pat !or y
the exports OF The county.
$ In 1887, the exports OF cotton, tobacco an'
IS rice from The T. s. amounted in value 10 -
II 3I5 02a; and the remainder Of domestic exports
n sol,ol93eC. The exports Of cotton. tobacco anl
n rice in 1853, amounted 10 *10,Cio,6io IN value
if and all other articles Of domestic export 10 90
E. 363,242 in 1889, he exports Of cotton, tobacco
! ard rice we're g 10 millions of dol as, AID tt'
; residue Of he nestle exports 30 millions. ih'
ernor,s Of couon, tobacco and rice In 1871 ver
$ - - ;,iions ii dollars; and the other article
!, Of domestic esro.t 80 millions. In lsai, the e !,
le nor,- oicoton, tobacco and rice were nearly 9:
n Kill rs; AMI The remainder Of domestic export
J. 81 . millions. The exports Of cotton ohacc'
and rice ior he month. commencing Isl Of DC
l. lober 1912. and eolins 30,h ii June, los3. we-
% s55 3966ll and Tie other aelices Of eom.si
, export were Of the va!re # Ss2.391,tI3 Use
! Reports tie Secrc,aryo' lhc IreasnIy on Ia