Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1845-01-31

those cases, even, where il has been a mer,
matter of courtesy. But, as the receipt o
presents by the Chinese Government has al
ways hitherto been assumed by the latter as al
act of tribute on the patt Of the Government
making such presents, IL seemed TO be still
more desirable to abolish the practice at ono,
by provision Of the treaty.
Fourteenth. Ships of war of the United
States, and their commanders, are at all times
to be courteously received in the ports OF Chi
: ma.
II seemed 10 me that such provision would
secure 10 oui ships Of war ell such access &c
the ports of China as may be needfu, eithel
Tor their own relief or for the protection of the
merchant ships and citizens of the United
States while il would be inconvenient to &c
so far as the English have done, aud engage
TO keep a ship of war al all times in each Of the
five ports Of China.
Fifteenth. Heretofore, no Government Tex
cept RUSSIA has held direct communication
with the Court Of China. ~ the present time
even the British Government does not hold
correspondence with the Court of Pekin.
insisted upon and obtained provision for
communications between the two govern
menis.
The article OF the treaty does not specify to
iohom Communications from the United States
shall be addressed, it being left to the discretion
of the American Government TO elect whom it
will address, not excepting the Emperor.
Upon this point shall make TO you sep
arate communication, with reference as well to
its Importance as for the purpose Of indicating
the parties at Court whom it will be most con-
venent for the Secretary of State TO address,
when occasion shall arise.
Sirteenth.-In regard TO opium, which is
not directly mentioned in the English treaties,
it is provided by the treaty of Wang Hya,
that citizens of the United States, engaged in
this or any other contraband trade, shall re-
ceive no protection from the American Gov
eminent, nor shall the flag of the United States
be abusively employed by other nations, as
cover for the violation OF the laws of China
Upon this point, also, shall have occasion TO
address to you separate despatch.
have thus, in brief manner, indicated
some of the peculiar provisions OF this treaty.
Many Of them are new and important.
Some Of the English newspapers have COM
mented rather boastfully upon the fact that the
English arms had opened the ports of China TO
other nations, and at the same time have, with
fippani ignorance, ridiculed the idea OF mis-
sion from the United States, to do that which
Ot was said) had been already wholly done by
England.
ascribe all possible honor 10 the ability dis
played by Sir Henry Pottnger in China, and
and recognise the debt Of gratitude which the
United States and all other nations owe to
England for what she has accomplished in
China. From all this much benefit has accru-
ed TO the United States.
But, in return, the treaty of Wang Hiya, in
the new provisions it makes, coniers great
benefit on the commerce Of the British empire;
for the supplementary English treaty s,ipulates
that any new privileges conceded by China to
other nations shall be enjoyed also by England
and there is also similar provision in the trea-
ty of Wang Hiya; and thus, whatever pro-
gress either Government makes in opening this
vast empire TO the influence of foreign COM
merce, is for the common good OF each other
aad of all Christendom.
The details oil the tariff are not yet complet-
ed, and some incidental questions remain to be
arranged.
shall dispose OF these matters as soon as
possible, in order TO transmit the treaty, and
all the correspondence, and various other par
icuars of the negotiation, in season, IL posi-
BILE, to be laid before the Senate at the opening
Of the next session of Congress.
am, with great respect, your ob't servant,
C. CUSHING.
Hon. JOHN NELSON, &c.