Weekly national intelligencer. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1841-1869, 1845-11-29
ELECTRoLOGY.


ture on Electrology in that city time ago. ac-
companed by interesting experimental illustrations.
correspondent of the Atlas has the following no.
tice of some of them:
''The most powerful electro magnet of so iron is the
magnet to the two ends Of which, ground fiat
polished is applied keeper also ground fiat and polished
Either the keeper the horse shoe may be the magnet
hold in my hand small curved piece OF soft ron coed with
wire, which when excited will sustain piece of iron
hundred times its own weight.
"The magnet used operate Morses Telegraph is OF
this description, made Of soft ron bound with coppewire,
and connected with battery II is about six inches high and
three quarters of inch thick Its force magnet CONT
while the battery is applied, and ceases when that
withdrawn. The battery applied and Withdrawn by dip
ping the wire into the connecting mercury cup and Withdraw
ing it, This be done with any required degree Of rapid
y. The keeper used is flat piece of iron, which is lifted
up dropped the magnetic power is communicated or
withdrawn The action Of this keeper the force which
mpnts the characters by Of points strip Of soft
paper wound round moving cylinder The length of the
mark made depends the length Of time the keeper is held
up let fall which the pleasure of the operator, who
thus, by keeping musical time at the battery say in Bal
more, drums il upon the cylinder at Washington.
The person whose BUSINESS is Washington to the
communications of the telegraph, record them al his table
fast made, by attending simply to The time Of The mag
neiic drummer, without looking at the machinery.
Before the close of these lectures hope to show you
telegraph of this kind in actual operation the only difference
being the length Of the wires which form the circuit Of the
barery-a difference which nothing when re-
sber that the fluid passes at the rate OF about 200
miles per second.
"he Lecturer next exhibited the splendid and exciting
pertinent of bar Of solid on about OF inch
thick and nine inches long, held up space, the
axis of vortex of electricity, passing through
small coil helix distance from il. The coil
placed perpendcuary the height of nine ten inches
nfa
wood and connected with battery thus forming portion of
the electrical circuit The battery being plunged the bar of
ron which previously not at all magnetic, dared swiftly
up the COIL and held in space in the axis of the coil
with great force On pushing downwards with the hand
sprung back into its aerial position with the elasticity of steel
spring. and seemed trembe in the grasp of the invisible
power which held it. Familiar (said the lecturer)
with this astonishing experiment. never perform it without
feeling of involuntary excitement.
"a magnet, have observed before, has north and
south pole Midway between these is neutral point. If
divided this point, each Of its parts will have north and
south pole and neutral point complete magnet Hagain
divided at the neutral point each part will again have the
original properties OF perfect magnet and The inference
is that matter may be thus divided nd initum and that
the ultimate of matter, which indefinitely small
reality magnets and possess polarity and that confer
polarity upon Of these atoms take
linear direction relation to each other each having the
property of rotating its axis and that to polarity is
these halfway round their axis and
point their poles in the opposite dectona pretty heo
ry, which have not space in these lectures to discuss
I is possible that the attraction Of cohesion the nduc
tvepower Of magnetism among the atoms Of matter for
supposed by philosophers that they actually touch each
other. And il is that afciay great
magnetic attraction take place between pieces of iron
give them all the cohesion of itself why, then, may
the enacity of iron itself be magnetic attraction among its
particles
81 have here fragment of loadstone, which is natural
magnet and has all the properties Of the compass needle
When freely suspended always points the end north
1t the potoxde iron, the black oxide of on and is
now a very article here, brought from Arkansas
This then dipped into paper Of small nails which
hung festoons from it. Each nail when thus hanging
magnet and attracted each other by their opposite poles
hanging lunches and fesoons the magnetic property be-
ing communicated to the most distant by induction only. This
property they retan the moment the nail in contac
with the which the others hanging is separated
frons the But if vhe piece Of so iron is thus
dowed with temporary magnetism, you twist il, its magnetism
becomes permanent
The experiment consisted Of large horse-s mag
net of soft on wound with three coils of Cooperative
placed in communication with the battery. Although this
soft iron had magnetic properties of ITSELF became, when
the electrical motion around il through the
wire powerful magnet that il sustained by its attraction
weight of eleven hundred pounds II the battery had been
fresh would have sustained weight of perhaps fourteen
hundred pounds Here the attracting surface only that
presented by the two ends Of the horseshoe magnet