davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-03-24

fN0t 1Ail u meet thr aeeaoso sPPiooalo" W ~
rican people.
Under such favorable auspices does he new Presi-
dent commence his great duties He has been Gle
ys,sd 10 his responsible station BY the great rePuo
can party Of the Union, and this party have right
to demand thoroughly republican administration
He has succeeded through the patriotic union Of The
democracy, and those who nobly cast by personal
ambition or political preferences In elevatns him To
power will still continue periodically to sustain hun
in protecting the Union and defending the Con5u'u
lion As Tins party desire policy that will favor
RIGHT rather than rkpnIoE, equality IN reiauo" 10
all interests rather than bountss to one interest," such
an administration Of executive duties is perfectly con
patbe with being the Presdsni Of The Uhols people
We confidently predict that Col Folks discharge oil
the duties Of chief magistrate Of the nation viii be as
honorable 10 his fame statesman as II will be adj
yantageous TO our common country.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-03-24

IN THOSE THINGS WHICH AxG EssEsriAL LET tnA
Az us,rr-,s sos-EssEsrIALs, LIBsarrj AND An ALL
rasos cHARIrI.--Auxustt'.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-03-24
PIRACY-BRlG HANNAH.

BY the arrival Of the ship Houqus, from Canton,
lew laws since. VIC ave brisf sccoun, OF an al
tack BY pirates on lLc big Hannah, o. Salem, when
near Macao The Salem Gazette OF yesterday con
taios tho following particulars oil tne aiaoA, s'vn
The Den Of Captain Chseyer, the commander OF The
bfiys
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-03-24
c u s TOM

The SUGAR Duties,-at once the most faulty, and
the most important part OF the Government Plan, for
they involve the largest amount Of Revenue,-are to
be reconstructed upon the bad principle adopted last
year. The distinction between Free Labor Sugar
and Slave Labor Sugar, IS to be preserved but the
Duty BRUSH Plantation Muscoysdo Sugar is TO be
reduced IRON 24s, TO las, and the Duty on Foreign
Free Labor Sugar. from 35s Cd, to OBS. The Differ
entail Duty will be IS I'D on Muscuvado Sugar, and
lis I'D on White, or Clayed for there to be two
classes and the effect Of this reduction Price
is calculated at ID, or 3D. per ID. The Govern.
meDt reckons upon an increased consumption OF
Al, 900 tons in spite OF which there will be loss
TO the Revenue of 81 300 900.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-03-24
IMPORT DUTIEs-RAW MATERIALS.

The duty upon Cotton Wool, amounting to 9 per
cent upon the raw material, when Cotton is 4d per
lb, and to ~ per cent when it is Sd per h. (as now
is gipen up altogether The tax was most exceptions
BILE. 1t fell with peculiar severity on the Coarser
Fabrics, while on the Finer Muslins il was almos,
imperceptible Nothing will tend so much to tighten
Foreign Competition, or to increase employment at
home nor do We know any way, in which the
f6o00 at which the loss of the Revenue, is esti-
mated, could have been well employed
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1845-03-24

The duties on exports were nearly all abolished il
lSil. hose that remain, are now to be done ava,
wth,-incuding CoAL,-at loss to the Revenue 0
lll6000.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16
CATCHING Ar sTRAWs.

The Editor of the Sherbrooke- Gazette is in &C.
stncies ut an article of ours in which stated that
" about half of the marketable productions OF this
section of country now go TO Portland" lie regards
az advancing arguments in favor Of Rail Road to
Portland" aud adds triumphnntly or one haJ The
trade no,o finds lis toay through that aGfta Dfrvle
Notch Without Rail Road, are may Of course err
pect that all Of 10 uiH go there as soon as the Rail
Road is completed"
Not quito so fast, neishbor Walon-you stretch
the matter a little too much in making US drug our
citizens by the way of the Dixve Notch to Portland
They would as soon think Of passing via Labrador
or Nova Scotia.
The avenue hence to Portland, and the thorough
fare for all the territory named, is the Crawford
.N6tch, at the head waters Of the Saco, some 40
miles south of the Dixville Notch This is the stage
road from Montpelier to Portland, and Gar the best
pass through the White Mountains. But tho Dixvie
Notch The Dixvle Notch for a Rail Road
We extract the following from " Halls Report"
page 0 und II :-"At Dxvile Notch there ID rise
Of 200 feet in distance of three ourths Of mile
the eas,erly side, and fall Of 90 feet in distance
of one fourth of mile the westerly side. The
summit at D1rilie Notch must be passed By tuH-
mel 800 feet in length, with the common Highway
directly over it, and the descent in each direction
must be orercome by extending hcdry eRJankmeats
and eide railing to the FATS, so that the grades shall
not erceH 80 or 90 feet per miie,''
We get through the height of land on the Hayer-
hill and Concord route without " tunnel" or any
(" heavy enbankments," ut maximum grade Of 40
feet to the mile. But the Prebie project contomPa
ties a tunnel of 800 feet reduce the grades to 90
feet per mile.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16
VERMONT NEWSPAPERS.

Let no larmer--and no other man---relinquish the
newspaper published in his own neighborhood, Tor
the sake of taking other larger cheaper,
popular paper, published abroad. We say, cheer
fully, to those who may agents for the Visitor,
that wish for subscriptions TO it at the ex-
pense Of the papers in his county The news
paper published in ones vicinity, is always as
general rule, more vdlua6ie than any other-if il
be for nothing but the advertsements:-aye the
somewhat abused and neglected advertisements, are
the thermometer Of the business of place and oflen
the key which opens the doorto excellent bargains
II is Of no little consequence to the farmer, to know
what is going on in mis- market town-the competi-
ton in selling goods and the competition in buying
produce-tho changes in business operation-thc set
Elements Of estates-the sale OF FARMS stock, c&c.
We venture to say, there is who may no,
cry year much more than save the price of subscrp-
ton to his neghborng newspaper from its advertis
ing columns alone-and on this ground oxhort all to
patronize their own newspapers. This should also
be done for weigh;ier reasons, one Of which we will
name; the monthly and weekly sheets Of the cities
being furnished at price with which country
printer can compete, (for reason, because made
up generally from the matter used and paid for
in the daily papers encroachng largely upon the
country newspapers, thus diseournging improvement
and enterprise and gradually bringing the whole
try under the influence and in some sense tho con-
troll the leading cliques in the cilies Thus tono
is given to the morals, the politics. and the habits Of
the couury-and we hesitate net to say, that the
preponderence of this influence is bad. The people
of the country get full enough of this influence through
their own papers; and ir they would not the COM
plete supremacy of the cities the moral and po-
tical destiny of the country, let them support the
country newspapers. Take the city papers if you
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

CHINA. Letters received yesterd,v e..
Kong say that at "LOO-chOO-FOo the English -. "on'
admitted within the walls, and the secrs,o,n a''
consulate there has returned quite III Gor 10
suitable food, and lodgings. At presen, III. W." y
ey of that city by the English is mere r'. p,''
There is no missionary there.
A letter dated Macao, Feb, I4,say, ,b0 f..
has resigned his authority into the hands Of 'p''''
cy; but no one knows whom he will mama 'S' 'a
successor. Whoever he may be, let him w. "'
himself for great events. The budget Of H., r'p'''
year, which was published in the month or ~, ''
shows deficiency in the revenue or IS 500 NM
(s6s'2Oo'o oo) 1t will be impossible to sunni, , "
deficit, for the people are to poor 100 nav ~ "'
The French expedition is still here. Por,, J.,
guted for the purpose have made an eyb,Jj. us',
Of French merchandise of every species. TS"~ Of
that they have fine times in PrOspect-that the ~
nese find French wares admirably suited to lbe, .",
but no body believes it except Frenchmen Jr ''S w
Journal Of Commerce. ~ T.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

hands, and patiently submit to state ofthngs which
has an inevitable tendency TO drive off the best teach
ers, and Gil our schools with those who dare not C.
ven offer their services where they are Known
Will this be doing Justice to the rsing generation =
Win they thus be flied for honorable rivalry with
the youth of other States? Is Ii right that through
our negligence their first movements in life should
be thus hampered? Surely such questions as these
admit but OF one answer Let unte then, in call
ing upon our Legislature for an immediate and thor
ough reform, such reform will raise up our
schools to the level Of those of The States around u.s.
and thus enable US to share in tho progressive move
ment Of the nge. THOMAS II. PALMER,
Committee for illuminating Information respecting
School Lalcs.
PitIsford, VI, May 10, l645.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16
LEGAL INTEREST IN THE SEVERAL STATES


Maine per cent. Punishment for usuTy,creH"
the usury.
New hampshire, 6 per cent Forfeit oil 'u'''
the amount unlawfully taken. a.
Vermont, per cent. Recovery in an action VIVA
costs. ru
Massachusetts, O per cent Forfeit Of 'hTee'0p
the usury. md
Rhode Island, per cent. FOrfei; of u'HFy 'n'
interest on the debt. ,.hJa
Connecticut. 6 per cent. Forfe, of the Whole
debt. aid
New York, 7 per cent. Usurious contracts u %h
New Jersey, 4 per cent. Forfeit oil lhe ""'N
dobt. H.. ,bOs
Pennsylvania, 6 per cent Forfeit of the W"''
debt. -.t .,,,c
Maryland, per cent, and on Tobacco cO"''''
per cent. And all usurious contracts Vou' IA,
Virginia. 8 per cent Forfeit double the u'u'! "
ken. r. r,ur
North Carolina, per cent. Contracts ~
void, forfeit double the usurY, ;,,osa s
South Carolina, per cent. toreH U" '"''
premium taken. With cost to debtors ,,i u,Q.
Georgia, S per cent. Forfeit OF interest," ""N
Alabama, 8 per cent Forfeit of interest anu w.
Mississippi per cent. BY contract as ny" 10
Usury recoverable in an action for DEBT ,,,su
Louisiana, 8 per cent. Bank interest anu yoI.
tional as high as 49, beyond that contracts aU .ob,
Kentucky, 6 per cent. Usury may DC ''''''
with costs. 'f' aid
Ohio, per cent Usurious contracts won't may
Indiana, per cent. On written ~ Co. or double
spsas high as 10. Penalty OF usury' ""' -.
Illinois, 6 per cent. Penalty ,three-iOId ''' '''''
of the whole interest. ,;.h "a 10 pei
Missouri g. and by an agreement as nB ;n,srest do
cent, beyond that, forfeiture of the wn0'e NV
and usury taken u
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

ed my attention. ! behold deerepid old man, bent
double with nge, and feeble that two hurley do
mcstics were with their united strength aiding his
trembling and uncertain steps, lie nearly blind
quite deaf and was told possessed 10 a limited e1-
tent only the faculties of taste and smell lie was
taking his customary morning walk-hobbng from
tho door Of his dwelling to tho neurest corner.
The man alluded to is the famous millionaire AS
tori about whom books have been written, aud news
paper paragraphs innumerable concocied.
4 thought said my FRIEND thut | with my single
siIpenco, was in glorious situation compared with
that of the individual before me, and went my way
with beaming countenancO and lightoned hoah,
thanking heaven for the strength and health then
enjoyed, but had despised have never despaired
since. '-yVoah's Ifessenger.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

4 method is said to have been discovered in Eng
land, whereby rood can be rendered as hard and
durable as iron or stone; and it is further ASSERTED
that the experiment has been tried with so mua'
success that wooden rails thus prepared have beer
successfully substituted for the lion rails in commcl
Use. The cost Of heavy iron rails, Of the most ,p.
proved kind, is said to be in England not far from
$1,000 per mile-rails made by this new method
is stated can be laid down for $500 per mile.
The annual report of the Patent office, for the lat
year, makes mention Of the discovery as one likely
to be of great importance to this country The wood
en- rails have been used on the Dover Railroad and
others laid down at Vauxhall, for experiment, have
endured YEARS travel, without perceptjbe nju!
The process Of preparing the timber is simply this;
"1he pieces, aner having been fitted by the est.
penter and joiner for their places, introduced into
an immense iron cylinder, which is then exhausted
by an air pump. solution Of the sulphuraIe olrOa
is then elected which Immediately enters into the
pores Of the exhausted wood. The wood is then
withdrawn, and placed again in similar vacuum, 10
a solution Of muriate Of lime, or gypsum. within Ih'
wood; and the muriate OF iron, the other new COM
pounds, goes about its business which, coming INTO
contact with the suphate Of iron within the wood, ds-
composcs it, and forms msouble suphute
lime. So the wood becomes thoroughly imPTesna''
ed with stone az hard a rock, and yet rs tough
il was before
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16
Windsor, June II, 1915.

r. S. After tho Convention adjoured Mr. Baldwin,
of Montpelier, made statement in regard TO the
Central road and op eued books for subscriptions
In answer to inquiry why tho friends Of the Cen
trail route left the Lebanon road, he stated that the
Concord r n. Corporation gave them to understand
they did not cish for continuation Of that road be-
yoad Concord They therefore looked for u connec-
tion with the Fchburah road.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16
RUNNING THE BOUNDARY LINE.

The Commissioner appointed by the United
States and Great Britain to run the Boundary line be-
tween the Province of Canada and the States now
in Berkshire in this county
When in Rchford they cut off the farms Of three
good Vermonters Locofocos and one Wing
and now their farms situate in Canada. ..,.
As the Loco(oco Representative from Richford had
but one majority last year, we suppose he will no
be pleased with this governmental interference.
The Boundary line, we understand, is to be mark
ed by iron monuments, but half mile distant the
from the other. We have heard it said that these
monuments will be useless when Polk 'exteuds the
area of freedom by annexing the adjoining Province
Of Canada to this Republic Exactly!-St. .dl6ans
Messenger.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

The MORMON TRIALS. On the 9Is, =, -,
trial of persons charged with the murder Of p;,. ~
Joe Smith, commenced a, Carthage, Ilpoi, rL1
prisoners, J. c. Davis, late an Illinois seno,o n
Sharp, editor Of the Warsaw Signal, Mark lg5.L
WIN. N. Grover, and Col. Levi Williams, conI,n.s
by affidavit tho partial manner in which the r,,
had been selected, and prayed the court tina, Eyion
be appointed TO select jury, which the cour, yro,
ed. The jury was not entirely empanneled a, ii.
last accounts A correspondent Of the ST. LOU, Rs.
pulican says
Everything thus far has been entirely quie, ana
peaceable,ye there is deep and intense anxiety "a,
which perVades all casses-the characters Of ,bo II,
cused, the nature of the charge against them, md
The peculiar state OF the relations existing belws,,
the Mormons and Ant-Mornons, all con,pi,o !,
make the present trials Of deep interest 10 the ola
czcns of this country. Every body almost attend.
ing Cout comes armed to the teeth, and frpouoD,lv
muskels and rifles will be seen taken out of w,pgon.
with as much deliberaIion ir they were a:endip,
n militia muster instead Of attending court of iu,
tice This is bad state Of thing, but extraordinary
cases demand extraordinary remedies.
The Mormons are said to have expressed deter.
mluation to take revenge, in case the defendant,
should no. be convicted, but it is hoped thai moro
discreet counses will prevail.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

mainly by men Of large wealth and Of known enter
prise. Letters were read from several gentlemen
one from Mr. Z. Fairbanks, recommending no action
now which should seem to embarnss other enterprls
es and so the Convention acted. dosen or more
of gentlemen beside those have named addressed
the Convention.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

con afford it, and us many of them "a vor 81.
FIRST see to it that you have your own bom r''''Sa
regular visitor TO your fre-side. SDDro,, p'Pe'
and literally and they will hardly fail - "'~ A'
your interests. supper
In tho above remarks as to distant papers, ~,
not aludo to those devoted to Agriculture "
w. Fdmtly Pisitor H.,
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16
GPa 1@EE1SGUM&s
MON AY, JUNE 10, 1915.
State COnY entiOn.

The Democratic Wings of Vermont are invited to
meet in State Convention, at Montpelier. on WE'D
NESDAY, THE SECOND DAY OF JULY NEXT,
n, 10 O'Clock A. NJ. for the purpose of nominating
ticket for State officers, and of taking all necessary
measures preparatory for the election in September
next.
ERASTUS FAtRBANKS,)
C.P PECK. State
E. p. WALTON, JR. Central
IIANPDEM QUITS, Committee
c. w. CONANT,
May 20. 1915.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16
"orENING OF THE SUMMER CAMPAIGN"


The Loco FocoS in the Northern part of this state
appear to be preparing for the summer campngn.-
We know about as little as we care to know, what
hopes, or prospects the miserable demagogues, who
the lead of the Loco Foco forces Of Vermont,
are now hattering themselves with. The intelligence
and frmness of tho yeomanry of the Green Hills have
too long beon tested in struggles with these hack pol
iticinns, to cause US TO waver in faith The
Canadian sympathy has spent its magic influence
'iIarford Convention Federalism Last War;
British Wings duty coarse WOOL Smile and
Bank REFORM and heaven knows what else, have
been conjured up by the spirits Of locofocoism, - but
all to no purpose. The Green Mountain Boys are
Whigs. and this is enough. There is meaning in
the term, and it is too we'll defined and understood in
this state TO suit the purposes of those who under the
name Of "Democrats, )" are ready to avow any and
every principle, measure, that may be dictated by
the ruling Offices under the General Government
"Anti-TexaS" to-day, and "Texas" to-morow-at
one time, the highest protective tariff, at another,
tariff only Tor revenue. Here wo reminded of
Folks famous tariff letter TO Mr. Kane, Of Pennsyl
vana The Loco Focos of the south protested against
tina, letter They frankly confessed their belief that
written merely to the great tariff state Of
Pennsy lvania. and H. l.. Pickney assured conven-
ton of Loco Focos ut Augusta, Georgia, that he knew
Mr. Polk, and knew that bis Kane letter directly
opposed 10 the practice of his whole political lifo-
But tho "Norhern Democracy needed not this and
other disclaimers But now that the presidential e.
lection is over, and the Offices in the gift Of the adj
minstralon pretty well filled, the mask is thrown
of, and the new government organ at Washington
begins TO break ground, aud prepare for vigorous
warfare against the odi0us tariff of lS42n win the
leaders Othe party in this state accept the ISSUE and
join the venerable editor of the Official, in the ensu
ing campaign? II probable that they will muster
suficiont-at any rate I'VE shall not undertake to pro-
diet the course they will take it is difficult enough to
follow their zig zags after they made Vermont
PhGair.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16


MODERN DEMOCRACY. We have tod the peo-
ple again and again, that Loco Foco principles and
Loco Foco Measures were in direct opposition TO the
rights Of LABOR and the great interests flho coun-
try, II they were carried out, tho nation would be
beggared, and the people would cry for bread
Mr. George McDuflie, distinguished Loco Foco
Senator from South Carolina, wrote letter 10 the
British Free 7ra{ers which has ut least, tho merit
Of candor. liza Wing had uttered such a sentiment
in favor Of foreign, rather than American city,
the Democracy would have been indignant & reared
thunder from the ST Johns to the Sabine Here il Isl
cas- a representative of tho great exporting interest
Of these States, habtually look upon the prosperity
Of Manchester cih as much interest aud grdfifcd-
ton as / do upon that Of Charleston or New York.
and MUCH MORE than I do upon that If Boston 3,
yhich I am constrGiRei 10 regard as The fruits of
an unjust and oppressive system of legdiisei ppnder
trhich coafscates at least oseffh Of he dRRua! in
come Of The cotton planters 10 sustain merceHdry,
moneyea arisiocraty Of pampsrcf and 6!Satci moRop
Olisis.''
The Salem Gazette welt says:-'''rhe Locos used
to have grea, deal to say abou, British Wing, Brit
ish Gold, aud all that sort of nonsense which had
Just about as much meaning and point nne-tenths
of their preaching does. What will they say about
Mr. McDulie's letter to the British Free Traders in
which occurs this beautiful Illustration Of Democrat
ic patriotism and brotherly kindness, manifested
by the Southern wing OF Loco Focosm?"
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

tEJS Loco Focosm was greatly shocked, during
the Presidential campaign, that Slr CLAY did not
PreUent the Duel between Messrs. Graves and Cilley.
President POLK, responsive to the moral sentiment
which seemed to have taken such deep root among
his friends, took early occasion to strike Lieut.
Hurst's name from tho Navy list, because he had
been concerned in Duel
But Notwithstanding these incidents Of an Anti.Du
cling spirit, preceive that the President has APP
pointed Gen. Jones, who engaged second in
the fatal Graves and CIIey Duel, to important Of
flee Aud the newspapers which were so indignant
at Mr. Clay for not preventing that duel (though no
eudeavored do SOY are quite content with the APP
pointnent of who actively engaged in it
LOCO FOCO CONSISTENCY.
We have waited to see if any of those virluousy
inclined Loco Foco Journals which berated Mi CLAY
severely last year for his alledged participation in
the Cilley Duel, would no, administer even gentle
rebuke to Mr. POLK for his appointment ofGeu Jones,
the second Of CilIey, to lucrative and responsible
Office. But we have waited in vain. Not much
murmur whisper of disnpprobation has been
heard from any Of the numerous Loco Foco
Journals which themselves up censors of pub
lie and private morale.
Mott ing but praises, and those ridculousy oxtrava-
CANT, have yet been avished upon Mr. Polk for the
in which he has exercised the spOis .dispens-
ing power. And y et this same press which can
nothing wrong to-day in Mr. Folks appointment of
dueiisi TO office, teemed, it were only yesterday
with laudatOry notices of his 'prompt justice" when
it was announced that he had peremptory dismissed
from the Navy poor and comparatively friendIess
Lieutenant for the very same offence which he
wards in Mr. Alcee Labrsnohe and Gen. Jones Al
kaDy Journal. f
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1845-06-16

40 TIE FRIENDS OF IMPR ovESiENT IN ED
81 UCATIoN THROUGHOUT TIE STATE OF
VERMONT