davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13
wILLIs's LETTERS FROM EUROPE.

TUyHE NEW YORK WEEKLY MIRROR.
Inconsequence of the great success of the
Daily Evening Mirror--its widespread popularity
its recent rapid increase-the constant demand
for the back numbers-and the additional value it
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Letters from London, Paris and 81. Petersbngh,
By N. p. WILLIS,
who has gone abroad for the express purpose Of
establishing (erciusiptiy for this jo,unal,)a For
eign Correspondence that can scarcelyfal to inter-
est all classes of readers, the publishers will, in
compliance with many requests make such arrange
ments as to enable new subscribers TO commence
their subscription, to either the daily or weekly
paper. with the first number of Mr.. Wihs's letters
The Neto York Weekly Mirror,
Is diversified, entertaining, instructive and vslu-
able chronicle ofthe times, OF Family Newspaper.
lin form for binding into one or two volumes at
the end of the year, upon which neither labor,
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the life spice and spirit Of the foreign journals
and contain all the news, intelligence and variety
Of the daily sheet, handsomely printed on fine pa
per, manufactured for the express purpose, Of
larger size than the Evening Mirror, and will con-
tnue to be published at the exceedingly low price
Of Three Dollars per annum, payable in advance.
This will place the New York Weekly Mirror
within the reach ct alpersons of taste, and at the
lowestrate at which Journal can possibly be pub
lished. Postmasters, and others forming clubs,will
be supplied with Five Copies for Ten Dollars.
The .Netp York Weekly .MIrOr
will be forwarded with the utmost punctuality by
the earliest maiis every Saturday, to any part Of
the United States, or the Canadas. h
new series Of The Mirror Library, has been
recently commenced with the publication Of Wils's
"Ddshes at life toih Free Pencil" ~
satsIga |" "Iaklings Of .adUtnttUe," g5ssn 2
and Beckford's exquisite romance Of VATHEK.
These may be had at this Office, where all the
numbers of this beautiful Library are also for sale.
This universally popular work contains the best
productions Of nearly Fifty authors Of Europe and
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

H0RONER'S SALE.-By virtue of a Fl. ia. ct
" lev. ia. to me directed from the Court of
Common Pleas Of Monroe county, Ohio, I will Of
fer for sale at public outcry, at the house Of RAN
dolph Stephen in Seneca township in said county.
ON "Wednesday the 10th day of December. 1915,
between the hours Of 10 o'clock a. m. and O'Clock
p. m. of said day, the following personal property,
to viii: One lot Of tobacco supposed to be about
four thousand pounds. Taken as the property ol
said Stephen at the suit Micheal Crow
nov2 WILLIAM LITTEN, Coroner.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13
STATE OF OHIO, MONROE COUNTY, IS
- Valentine c, Knight.

Frances Knight, Lemuel J. Knight, Isaac Nc
Way, Thornton F. Jones, Mary Jane Sutton, AL
len Sutton, Willis Sutton, Angeline Sutton, and ar
infant daughter Of Seth A. Knight deceased
The defendants will take notice that the sale
Valentine C. knight has this day filed in the Office
ofthe Clerk of the Court OF Common Pleas of sale
county his petition for partition Of the west half o
the norih west quarter Of section 27, IN township
5, Of range 6. In said county, descended to The
heirs Of William Knight, deceased. Said Valen
tine claims two shares. Petition for hearing a
next term of said court.
ARCHBOLD & WIRE,
Nov. 8, 1915. Attorneys pro Petitioner.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

SAML. GRAY'S ESTATE.-Not is here
- by given that the subscriber has been appoin-
ted and qualified as administrator of the estate of
Samuel Gray, late of Monroe county deceased. An
persons having claims againstsad estate will pre-
sent them legally authenticated within one year
for settlement. And all persons indebted to said
estate will please call and make immediate payment
Nov. %, lS45. RICHARD GRAY. Admr
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

4 TrACHMENT.-Atm my instance an attach
"A ment was this day issued by Citizen Beall, a
justice of the peace of the township of Sunsbury
in the county of Monroe, Ohio, against the prop.
erty and effects of James o Martin nonresident
OF said county. JASPER MALLORY,
Nov % 1915. BYJOHN MALLORY, AT
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13
STRAY CATTLE

GtAME to the premises of the esubscriber living
Y in Wayne township, Monroe county, Ohio.
about the fist of August last three stray cattle OF
the following description: One dark red brinded
mich COW with crop off the right ear and an un-
derb out Of the left, supposed to be seven or eight
years old; one red and white two year old hefer
no earmarKs; and the other red and white rnoole y
heifer, one year old, no ear nfrks. The owner
can have the same by paying charges and proving
property. JOSEPH SCARBOROUGH.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

DANIEL MALLETS ESTATE.-Notice
IL is hereby given that the Subscriber las been
appointed and qualified as administrator Of the es-
tate of Daniel Mallet, late of Monroe county de-
ceased. All persons having claims against said
estate will present them legally authenticated with
in one year for settlement And all persons in
debted to said estate will please call and make i'm.
mediate payment Ea gf
nov 9. CLARlSSA MALLET, Adm'x.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

SAMUELS. WHITTINGTON'S ESTATE.
~ Notice is hereby given that the subscriber
has been appointed and qualified administrator Of
the estate Of Samuel s. Wilmington, late of Mon
roe county deceased.
SAMUEL H. ROWND, Admr
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

HoHN ROBINSON'S ESTATE. Notice is
% hereby given that the subscribers have been
appointed and qualified as administrators with the
will annexed of the estate of John Robinson, late
of Monroe county, deceased.
ROBERT ROBINSON,
* MARGARET ROBINSON,
Nov. 8, lS45. 8f Administrators
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

Jesse CoNLY'S ESTATE Notice is here.
d by given, that the subscriber has been appoin-
ted and qualified as administrator Of the estate Of
Jesse Comfy, late Of Monroe county deceased.
ISAAC CONLY, admir-.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13
Woodsfeld, aug. 80. l845.
G5oO PJges for Fifty Ceat'.A
PROSPECTUS OF The

PROSPECTUS OF THE
cove RESSIONAL 20 URNaL
TgSHE editors of the United States
Il Journal propose to commence,
with the next session Of Congress,
weekly publication under the above IL
tie, to continue through the whole ses.
sion. at the unprecedented 1o,o price OF
FIFTY CENTS to each subscriber
for volume Of FIVE hundred pages!
II will contain faithful and impair
tial record OF both Houses Of Congress,
the gist of all the important speeches
which may be delivered, &c. &c. The
most competent reporters will be en-
ployed and nothing shall prevent it be-
ing made worthy Of the patronage Of the
public generally. The Journal will en-
deav or, in is records, to do justice 10
both parties, so that both parties viii
feel allowed to patronise the publication
1t being the long session, as it is called,
the volume will contain at least 500
pages; each number will contain six
teen pages Of solid matter, which will
enable the publishers to give all the pro-
ceedipgs worthy of being preserved IN
book form, for binding and future ref
ereuce. The exceedingly low terms
will place it within the reach of all; the
publishers hope that their friends viii
use their excrtions in obtaining sub
scribers.
THEOpIIIUS FISK.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

II OR. e. J. H. MORRIS are the only regular
% q Iy authorized agents in Woods6eld, forths
sale Of the genuine BRANDRETH PILLS.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

A CARD.-The citizens of Woods6eld and vi.
"A cinity are hereby informed that have assoc-
ated with myself IN the practice Of medicine
NATHANIEL MANNING, M. D..
a graduate Of Mlddlebury College, Vermont; who
is practical surgeon and has had an extensive
and general practice for number Of years in this
State and Illinois. JAMES SMITH.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

NOTICE is hereby given tina, The above ac.
~ counts are referred to the undersigned Mas
ter Commissioner and will be by hun examined al
the Clerks Office in Woodsfield. on the 29h, 30th
and Slst days of December next; the accounts ol
Henry Johnston, William A. Willard on the Goth
James Smith on the Both, and the balance OF said
accounts on the 3lst of said month When and
where oil persons interested can attend.
VIM. UKEY, Mas. Com.
Nov. E, l345. Monroe Com. Pleas.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13
,, THOMAS, WEST,
Attorney at Law.
WOODSFIELD, MONROE CO., OHIO.

ARCHBOLD & WIRE,
A TT0RNEYS and Counsellors at Law, and
IA Solicitors in Chancery, Woodsfed, Monroe
county, Ohio. r E
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13
MANNING. JAMES SMITH
MINIMIZING e. SMITH,
PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS,
Woodstfeld, Monroe county, Ohio
JAMES SMITH.
PROBATE NOTICE.

PKUBATE NUTICE.
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons inter.
IN ested that partial and final settlement ac-
counts have been filed in the Office of the Clerk OF
the Court of Common Pleas within and for the
county of Monroe and State Of Ohio, by the follow
ing named Executors and Administrators, to wit:
Henry Johnston Executor of James Johnston, dc d
William A. Willard " d" John Beard,
James Smith i" " ]. M. Dillon,
Jacob Vernon Administrator of Thos Gilmore,
John Griffith g - And. Armstrong"
Isaac H. Green s' Francis Webb, +"
Which said accounts are continued until the
spring term Of said court, A. D., ls46 for confir.
nation. WIN. OKEY, Clerk.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

A N EXCELLENT ARTICLE OF COFFEE
N justreceiyed and forsale by s5ag
e j. Res ]. II. MORRIS.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13

BLANK DEEDS for sal. at thi, Office,
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1845-12-13
THEOPIIlI.US FISK,
JESSE l.. DOW.
notion. Aug. IL, l645.

NJEW ORLEANS SUGAR, asuperi or article
~ lust received and for sale
by j. R. 81. II. NORRIS.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1845-05-08
Estimated cost IL

| have tried the artificial guano on pot
ted plants, and have found it to be supe-
rior to the natural guano OF Peru.
1t is requisite, in the use Of either kind,
to employ but little at time, and it
should be well mixed with earth, and the
plants should be watered soon after it is
applied. II operates best on poor sandy
soil, or yellow subsoil. | have grown
healthy plants in pulverized quartz, using
only this guano and water, while they
would not thrive when tried them in the
pure quartz with wafer alone. Igrowed
clover, wheat, oats, rye, barley, Indian
corn, beans, peas, and many other plants,
in weak solution of the organic salts,
like those introduced in this guano, and
they were pale and sickly, and soon died.
1t was noticed, as has been remarked by
De Seure, that the color Of the solution in
which the plants were gre'ln gradually
diminished, proving its absorption by the
plants.
Those who carry on farming in large
way cannot have tine for nire chemical
experiments; and ifartiicial guano is man.
ulaciuretl, il must be made in large chemi-
cal establishments near cities, where the
ammnniacal matters of the gas-works and
from urine may be employed.
The farmer may, however, gain much
by attending to the advice of chemists, for
they can teach him to save much that is
now too often wasted. He may by know
ing tina, a mixture of 100 pounds of peat or
swamp muck and 30 pounds of gypsum,
or plaster of Paris, will absorb an enor-
nous amount of urine. without being in
the slightest degree offensive; and by this
operation he may not o,ly consolidate a
valuable manure, but, at the same time.
do public service by removing nui-
sance. lie has only TO place his casks
IN certain places, and he will soon have
them charged with ammoniacal salts.
which will prove highly ftr,illzing TO the
soil. The same mixture will remove all
unpleasant odors that are given out by
vaults, and ill consolidate their ammoni-
Tho operator may use nitrate of potash
(saltpetre) instead of nitrate of soda, with equal
effect.
t Humate of potash is made by melting saw
Dust or any other vegetable fibre, with very
strong solution of caustic potash in an iron pot
Apocrenate Of ammonia, for this MIXTURE may
be made by saturatng peat, or swamp muck, with
a solution of carbonate of ammonia; when the
whole may be mixed with the other ingredients.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1845-05-08
CLIMATE.

Agriculturists and other whose pursuits
are liable 10 be affected by the Influence
of climate, are not as generally aware as
they ought to be that vegetation is as power
fully affected by difference of elevation as
by difference ofla,iuude-north or south.
On this point il is observed by Johnson,
in paper on agriculture of different coun-
ties: "Vegetalion in ascending above the
level Of the sea undergoes notifications
analogous II those which attend its pro-
'gress from the lime to eilherpo with this
distinction, that in the last case, the phe-
'nomena succeed by almost impreceptible
gradations, while they crowd upon and
follow each other in rapid succession on
the ascent Of mountains. The height of
1000 or 5000 yards. in the hotties, parts
'of the globe. produces changes as dis
tnct as 1000 leagues or more which lie
between the equator and the polar re-
'gions. The three classes of these rapid
changes all re-appear within this space,
'viz. pim;nulion of heat, dryness of the
air, and pro,racted duration OF light The
. higher we ascend the shallower the up
per stratum of air becomes; thence the
excessive cold at great heights. The
weight of the atmosphere, which, at
the level of the sea, supports column
OF mercury equal to % inches, diminish
es as we ascend, so that at considerable
elevations it will only support column
'of considerably less height--a power
(which gradually diminishes as we as
'cend. A consequence of this fact is,
that the vaporization of fluids takes place
on high mountains at very low degree
'of heat. Notwithstanding this, how.
ever, the decrease of temperature is so
great that the ambient air is very slight
sly impregnaled with moisture,
These facts teach those " no are in pur-
suit of healthy locations that these may
be found in the South as well as in the
North--in South Carolina and Georgia,
as well as in Massachusetts and Vermont,
if the vale,udinarian or land buyer in pur-
suit of residence will only climb the
mountain sides few thousand feet in
stead Of going as many bundled miles
North. There, too, he will find the same
staples 10 be cultivated, as hay. oats. and
potatoes, instead of wheat and maize.
Hence the natural habitation for immi-
grants from Great Britain, and especially
from Ireland and Scotland, is the region
of the mountains running from Maryland
to Georgia. These in process Of time
must be the grazing pastures and sheep
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1845-05-08
GUANo & COMPOST MANURE.
Iztact from = letter Or D.. c. I. JarksOD.

Extract from . letter Of Dr. e. I. garkson.
Gnano was first introduced in,o Eu
rope. and brought 10 The United Slaie,
from certain islands near the western coasI
ofSoulh America. Iihad been extensive.
~ employed ~ manure by The Peruvian
Indians. and was known 10 them anterior
10 the ronquesl BY The Spaniar.ls.
u has within fes years become sn
important article of commerce, and i
snughifor on The mast remote islands off
Paci6crcean, andalong tie coast Of Africa.
Thousands Of ships are now engaged in
Transporting IL 10 Europe. where il is ex.
iensiseiy used Is 4 manure, and for Va.
rious chemical and manufacturing purpos.
c.. Many have expressed belief thar il
would crelong become scarce-if, indeed,
iris moi destined 10 &c entirely exhausted;
foi no nes supply can be expected when
the seabirls which deposite il are destroy.
ell or driven from ilieiI Customary resting
places.
lf II should become scarce, 50 rs to
considerably increase lis cost. il might be-
conc an objecIof importance to manulac-
iurc an artificial substitute Tor il, even il
the artificial should cost little more than
the natural guano now sells for in market.
] am satisfied that il is an easy matter 10
manufacture an artificial gnano possessing
all the fcrtilizIng properties Of that nov
brought firm the guano islands; and, If il
should be required in large quantities, il
might be made and sold al as low price.
Perhaps some Iarialions Units composition
may serve useful purpose, BY adapting
il 10 peculiar kinds Of soils or 10 the diife-
rent crops. For instance: il more organ.
ic matter is introduced, il may operate bet
ter on soils that are deficient in vegetable
substances: and il will also better snii a
dry climate, il mixed with swamp muck,
or peat. which has the property &c retain
ing moisture. Some soils may already
have a sufficiency of certain Of the salts
tina, are contained in guano; and then they
might be united, and others which are
required may be introduced in their place.
Chemical analysis will determine the in.
gradients in any soil and indicate the kind
Of amendment. or manure, that is requir-
cd. BY analysis Of the various crops
which are usually raised, il will he easy
to discover what ingredient these crops
remove from the soil, and, il il has become
barren, what will be required to restore it
TO fertility.
Let US take, for instance. an example
calculated ny my friend Mr.. Owen Mason,
Of Providence, r. l., who estimates the
saline cantents of the crops raised by Mr..
Adam Anthony. of Providence, II. l.,
from field cultivated eight years.
The quantity Of salts in these crops he
states TO be as follows:
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1845-05-08

aefiru INTO carbonate Ol hme, al mill
Serve IS useful manure.
A hundred weight Of lhis Mate az
peat and ground plaster. viii sonsdla,r,
N an lnodOIous form, III the urinsrrom
four persons ior year Al least; an this
compost contains, besides The mslaDned
ammoniaeal salts. all the phosphate sui.
pilates, and hydrO-chlOrales which aicon.
lslned ~ urine. The liquid manuss Of
The sialksmay be ecnnonlized IN ahesame
way. The farmer who happens tdlive
where fish can be obtained sbundhlly.
need not purchase gusno; Tor he e ob
tain u before il has passed The in,eaines
oibirds. and, BY lillle managemeniraay
consolidate and preserve all the snmo-
hlaeal Tunes. which The sloyenly lrner
allows TO escape, so as 10 conlaminae lhe
pure sweet summer breeze with al aho.
mInahle stencil. Let him then ms NJ.
tish with swamp muck, peat. woodscuri.
or any Other decomPosed vegciablemat
ter. sprinkling in little ground gykpm;
TO take up The gases after pu,Tefartih has
begun. lie may hasten ihe process by
mixing in recently Stacked lime; and,
quickly covering the heap with pea and
gypsum, he may keep in the animaai.c,
and have an almost inodorous heap II va
liable compost. lf TO this he addsh liz
lie sea-sali. he will have a very goodsub-
siituie Tor guano, without the aid ofsea
birds Of tropical climes.
In The interior, the farmer should make
all his dead animals, and the refuse &c The
slaughter house and tannin, into similar
compost. He may supply the plate Of
hsh bones by mixing in ground or burnt
horn piihs and bones of animals. These
hard substances are best converted into
powder by following a method suggested
by Mr.. Levi Bartlett, Of Warren, II. H.,
who breaks bones and horn.pilhs into
pieces with an axe. and then boils Them
in the refuse liquors Of potash works I'M
Ill they fall 10 powder; after which, the
whole bony matter and the liquid are
thrown into the compost heap. A mixture
of sulphate Of potash and causlic potash
lye will effect the entire decomposition OF
bone. phosphate Of potash and sulphate Of
lime resulIingi. besides which, quantity
Of soap is formed. and the oily and gela.
iinous matter Of the bones is a good ma.
nnre. These ara al. gnnd ariinlas -fA-al.~
compost-heap; and u farmers generally
paid more attention 10 the principles oil
chemistry. they might manufacture al The
manures they require, and waste but little
of those things which are required to fer
lilize the soil.
Very respectfully your ob't servant
aud friend, CHARLES II. JACKSON.
Hon. II. l. ELLSWORTH,
Washington, ID. c.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1845-05-08
I,S3O.S6


alt is doubtful" says Mr.. Mason, " il
ihe cultivator ever suspected that he car
tIed 10 his barn two casks of poash, one
cask Of soda, two casks of hme, carboy
of oil of vitrol, large demijohn of phos
phoric acid, and a variety Of other matters
contained in his fourteen tons Of fodder,
which were as certainly slowed away in his
mows as ifthey had been conveyedthther
in casks and carboys." This statement
will perhaps serve 10 give some idea OF the
enormous quantities Of saline matters that
are removed from the soil by the crops
ordinarily raised. When the crops are
eaten on the farm. and the manure pro-
duced therefrom is returned to the soil,
there is established continued circulation
of those ingredients which would be lost
If the crops were removed and sold; or, If
animals are raised on the farm and sold,
they carry of part Of the farm in the
form Of phosphate OF lime composing their
bones, and in the salts which enter into
the composition OF their various solids and
fluids.
Tobacco, being an article generally sent
abroad, is said to exhauts soil Now, II
this is the case, las understand it is. by
knowing what the plant carried away
from the soil, and restoring it again. we
should reclaim it from harremess. The
same remark will apply to other crops
that are removed and sold.
Let us see. now, wha! ingredients are
found to exist in natural guano from the
coast of Peru, and see how far they will
go towards restoring the saline matters 10
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1845-05-08
1000

In this analysis The nature of,hs organ.
&C substances lsmouniing TO 80 per cent.
was not ascerlained; and believing that /
Is IS important 10 ascertain their nature,
an analysis was undertaken by one of nv
pupils, in UrderIo discover them; and thew
were found 10 clnsist Of the usual organ.
&c acids Of fertile soils, combined viii
bases, and principally With ammonia.
They proved TO be the crenic. sporrenic,
and humic acids, and extract of humus--
substances which enter the roots Of plants
~ absorption, and are doubtless assimi.
lated by their peculiar action. The salts
10 guano undergo changes in the soil, the
uraie Of ammonia soon being converted
nio the carbonate Of that alkali; therefore,
we NAV replace the urate in an artificial
gusno by carbonate Of ammonia; both Of
which are permanent, and are soluble in
water.
! observed that the European chemists
who had gwen formulas for making arti-
tieial guano. had omitted the vegetable or
ganic matters, and that the artificial com
pound rarely proved equal, in feriiIizing
properties, 10 the natural. With view
10 test che questions as TO the influence of
the vegetable organic acid compounds. I
made various kinds ofariifcial guano; and
that which proved to be the best contain
cd considerable proportion of them.
The following is formula of the best
hind:
Estimated cost ia
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1845-05-08

maaes me states Of humapo walks of this al
" ammon9hde drawn By The canals and the
asnphsle VII railroads aud made guide books
INTO carbonate Of hne ID a The scky Praies
> useful manure. .the tesming West
A hundred weight Of his msla Of. g,g Ts,E Tr;BaDs