Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1844-03-29

o,dsrv line OF the State of Ohio, were severaiy con-
sdered as in committee OF The whole, ana ofoeieu -
| he enrrosscd for third reading. r, o,
The Senate resumed the consideration OF Tue lepo
r tho Committee on Finance the bill INTRODUCED oy
! Al, Me Duffe Tor the modification oil the farm
Nj, BENTON resumed, and concluded his IL remarks
in opposition to The principle OF PTotecuon' i"e 'u0
| ;sct was then passed over informally.
M I'm ,rnvd;nr for the adjustment Of land CLAIMS
:, Iouisnna Mississippi, Alabama, a arkansas. ana hs
souri, was taken up and, after being discussed lot some
time was ordered be engrossed for third reaa'ng'
| The Senate then adjourned
CONGRESS-Monday Procetdings
J., the Senate to day, JOINT resolution was passed
for the adjournment OF both Houses OIL So"g,r .'l'
j;s on Monday, the 27ih day OF May next Inc oe-
nate then resumed the consideration Oh t"e ies"uo
r the Finance Committee for the indefinite postpone
mont of the bill introduced by Mr. McDufhe Tor re-
dncing the rate of duties under the present arm 10
the standard of the compromise act. mr.. benton
ubo wns entitled TO the floor-addressed the Senate Tor
| nearlv Two hours without being able TO conclude ms
| .neech which he will continue to-morrow. he Sc
,ut by drawing a distinct line between the Legislation
If this Government the subject OF the Iarf ante
rior 10 the late war; and subsequent to that Perloo or
rather before and after 1916, making that year The line
If demarcaton. He showed that up to the late war,
all legislation 10 adjust Tariffs had been exclusively
confined 10 the view of obtaining revenue, and giving
incidental protection. After lelO, the invention OF
tariff for protection adopted and 1t had been con
timed down TO the present time So tranquil ana mar
monlous we're all tariff laws prior TO 1916, that no one
ever heard of discomfort or agitation the subject
Duties were collected varying from ~ to fifteen per
cent for The support of government, and nobody com
planned. Then came the mixed policy OF protection
and revenue-protection being the object and revenue
only the incident. With this policy grew up dscon
tents, dissatisfaction, and whole tram of evils well
calculated TO keep the whole Union IN state oil perpe-
tua commoon. Instead OF the revenue duties OF lhe
period anterior to 1916, which, while they were strictly
for revenue afforded sufficient incidental protection 10
encourage prosperous and steady advance III manu-
facures subsequent to that date, duties were establish
ed which ran up in some to 100 per cent aud IN
other cases 10 many hundred per cent? entirely pfoh'-
bItory of revenue.
Mr. Benton as will be found in his remarks in our
report OF the Senate proceedings compared very so'h
ingy the revenue system with the protective system,
show ny that the effects of the one were, during Inc
first quarter of century OF the acton OF lhs Govern
ment, benefciay progressive win the increase OF
population; while the effects of the protective system
during the second quarter of century, we're huc'aa
inn uncertain and detrimental to all the interests h
the country those of the manufacturers themselves m
cuded The lowest rate OF revenue, compared WIN
populations was in 1901, when the revenue was loul
and third millions of dollars, with population Of
four millions; and 1t under ad valorem duties Of
from to Is per cent, and specific duties not exceed
ing third Of the value, till MIR. Jefferson time, when
at the close of his administration, the revenue was SIX
tee and third millions of dollars, with population
of seven millions, being at the rate OF two and nan
millions Of re venue for million OF population. Inc
progress TO this had been natural regular aud steady
and so il would have continued 10 the present day. mad
Tariffs for revenue alone been persevered IN inns
rate would have brought the revenue, IN the present
day, on population oil eighteen and hslt nllons 10
forty. seven millions OF dollars; whereas, with dnles
averaging 81 or 40, 80 per cent now, and ranging
from that To hundreds per cent, it with difficulty
Sl7 500 900 Of revenue could be raised from l. oOUoo
of populaton-less than million OF revenue Tor every
million OF population. Mr.. Is also showed that exports
and imports had been cramped and thrown back IN ike
manner by this protective system; that IN the former
period beth had steadily increased unit, they exceed
ed the average Of The last period IN winch The p0pula
| ton had become three or four times greater
This being resolution day in the House, no other bu
sness of Importance was transacted Than the cali on
the States for resolutions; number ol winch were
offered and appropriately disposed Of Globe
The vote in The House to-day, on laying the table
Mr. Hughes resolution, modified by Mr. Black, for
taking possession of Oregon, and the annexation OF
Texas cannot arly be considered test vote on these
questions Many Of the friends OF both measures
voted TO Law the resolution the table, tor the reason
that the one now the subject of negotatlon AND the
other IS embraced in bill now pending. The House.
it is understood, taken by surprise, and The mao
rty thought that this not the proper time and mode
TO con sder the important questions nvoved-l GiOOe
CONGRESS- Tuesdays Proceedings
In the Senate, to-day, the most important subject
which occupied attention The resolution OF the
Finance Committee for the indefinite rostponement OF
the bill introduced by Mr. McDuiie for reducing the
rates of ddtes under the present Tariff TO the standard
of the compromise act Mr.. Benton, in continuation
of his remarks of yesterday, addressed the Senate Tor
an hour and half; first taking up tine subject OF man.
ufactures with view of showing the relative cond-
lion of the features previous to the late war; and
after the war He showed that in 1910, the United
States were very s behind England when the latter
had like Of population The population oil he
United States, in 1910, vas eight millions, CORRESPOND
ing nearly with the population OF England from 400 10
1857. England in 1857, after five hundred years OF
accumulalng powers in manufacturing, had manuac
lures amounting S266, 600 600, with population OF
eight and hall millions. The United States, IN lol0
with population of eight millions, had manufactures
in thriving condition amounting to S2UO,U0O,00O
sho wing that in little over twenty years Of indepen
dence, this country had nearly overtasen England,
which had required five centuries 10 reach S2bo uU0
900. Mr.. Tench Coke, the gentleman appointed by
Mr. Galatin to investigate the statistics OF mannac-
lures in 1870 ascerained that instead OF OOO
(he Of American manufactures as represented
by The census Of that day. 1t really $500 0O0
000 and he also ascerluned That this growth had been
Spontaneous, arising from the thriving condition Ct the
country, the energy ola young people enjoying free
institutions, and the incidental protection afforded by
the income of revenue derived from ad-valorem du
ties OF 5 to Is per cent and specific duties never ex
ceedng from oncquater to one-hrd OF the real value
The thriving condition of manufactures grew up with
out one syllable being ever heard OF the word lan OF
anti revenue protection being coveted as necessary
element such prosperity No that he had ever con,
versed with could recollect having heard oil the wod
Tariff anterior 10 1910 Yet il was the watch
word Of mlllionary monopols!s and aspiring politicians
1t chung TO the ladder of promotion by which
every partisan OF protection sought to reach power
from the office of towncrer, to that oil the presidency
He showed that in 1910, Massachusetts, had twenty
one millions of manufactured products, which hah IN
creased u TO 1870 hundred mllions while, IN The
whole Union, manufactures had grown up to the enor-
nous amount of probably 70oO0O,OOO dollars, though
agriculture remained at the amount it was in 1910
How, then, he asked, could this fvefold increase
in the business of one class, If the other Glasses
had not been made tributary to it hy undue legsla
ton? His proposition was, not to lnjure manufactures,
but 10 give them The highest incidental protection
consistent with duties, with the benefit Of
hard money besides. Thirty per cent duty afforded
them 81 per cent projections; because the foreign ar-
Giles of competition must incur 1.2 per centnm
of expenses, and bear - l-2 per cenum profit for
the importer, before i; becomes subject 10 30 per cent
duty on the original cost: the whole being so per cent
protection TO the home manufacturer of the kind
Of article. His feelings, always friendly to manuac