The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1844-07-08

GOVERNMENT EspIosAaK IN GREAT BRITAIN, AND
REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS IN IrALY.-A very
considerable degree of excitement has been pro-
duced in England, by remarkable Italian, named
Mazzini, who was banished some time since from
his native kingdom, and has been busily engaged
in London, in effectine the organization of "Young
Italy," by means of revolutionary clubs in the
cities and towns of that classic land. Sir James
Graham had appears, at the instigation, said,
OF the Italian Ambassador, who suspected that
Mazzni was in communication with his disaffec-
ted countrymen at home, opened the letters OF the
Italian revolutionary leader, after they were de-
posted in the London Post Office. This conduct
on the part OF the Home Secretary had excited a
universal burst of Indignation; and by none has his
conduct been more vehementy denounced than by
many Of his own party, amongst whom Sir James
has long been quite unpopular.
| The subject has been taken up in the House Of
Commons, and the conductof Sir James Graham
was characterized az DEGRADING disgraceful and dis
creditable to the country. Mr.. Wallace, mem
Der Of the House, who is well acquainted with the
working OF the Post Office system, asserted that
there wasa regular machinery at the Pest Office for
the purpose ofopening eters-that there was room
set apart for the purpose, and that persons employ
ed in the department had been sent abroad to study
in the school of Fouche, how to open. fold, and
reseal letters in the London Post Office. This
certainly gives singular insight into the operations
of the British government, and informs that it is
more closely allied to the desposms Of Austria OF
Russia than many suppose.
| A letter to the London Times, from that true
friend Of human liberty, the eccentric and philo-
a tho yun irh
has been aroused in England by this erpose, and is,
besides, written in such manly, free, and indie
pendent tone, that we give it to our readers
Ts THE EpIroR OF THE TIMES =
sa-In your observations in yesterdays 7ymts on the
late dsgraceful affair Of Mr. Mszzns letters and the Sec
unknown to you. entirely Indifferent to You, and add
very justly that he the most contemplate Of man
kind, it would not affect your argument ON the subject
may tend to throw further light this matter il
certify yon, which in sort feel called upon to
that Mr. Mazzini not unknown to various competent
in this country and that he IL very far indeed
from being contemplate farther or very few Of
living have had the honor to know Mr.. Mazzini
practical insight and skill in worldly affairs can with
great freedom testify to all men that he il have ever
seen one such is man Of genius and virtue, man Of
sterling veracity, humanity and nobleness OF mind,
Of those rare men, Vulnerable unfortunately but as units
in this world who worthy TO be called martyrsous
practice what Is meant by that OF Italian democracie
and young Italys SORROWS Of exraneons Austrian Empe
in Milan old chimerical POpes in Bologna,
know nothing and desire know nothing but this
thing de know and here declare publicly to be
fact which fact all Of that have occasion to comment
Mr. Mazzin and his aairs may do well TO tske along
with us, a thing leading towards cearness, and
tow ards new additional darkness regarding him and
| them
Whether the extraneous Austrian Emperor and miser.
able old chmera Of Pope shall maintain themselves in
Italy or Be Obliged dscamp from Italy, T. not cues
vital that sealed letters English Post Office be-
we all anced they were respected things sacred
picking mems pockets, and to other still viler and fa
fataler forms Of scoundresm-be not resorted in Eng
land except in cases Of the very as extremity When
double dyed high treason, imminent national wreck
not avoidabe otherwise then let open letters not till
then To all Austrian Kaisers aud such like. in their
time oftroube let US answer fathers from Of old
have answered Not by such means help here Tor you
Of are not permitted in this inc country o
your behsof The right honorable secretary does himself
deest SUCH and even af aid to employ them He dar
that might chance to come in view Of such transaction
would incline to spurn it, and trample IT, and ndig
nanty ask him what he meant by II
am, sir. your obedient servant:
CHELSEA, June THOMAS CARLYLE.
As for Mazzini, himself, he has succeeded in
creating and organizing liberal party, which, W.
doubt not, is destined to redeem Italy. In London
he has supported himself by his literary labors, and
earned honorable rank amongst the literati Of
the day. Like his countryman, Ugo Foscolo, hi
has also distinguished himself, not only by his lite
rary attainments, but also by his benevolent exer
tons to relieve the necessities, and promote the
welfare of his exiled countrymen Of the poore,
classes He is, evidently, well fitted to lead
in the work Of his country's salvation from the des
potism and miseries of long age. We have good
reason to believe that his patriotic labors WILL be-
fore MANY years, result in the deliverance of beau
teous, but unhappy Italy.
STATE OF IRELAND.-The most important intel
gence brought by the late arrivals Of the state Of
affairs in Ireland, is that respecting the rumored
ministerial measures for the authoritative suppress
sion of all the repeal associations, and the enact
ment Of law making the agitation, in any form, Of
the question Of dissolution Of the legislative unicr
between the two countries, illegal The only effec,
OF any attempt Of this kind will be to strengthen
the bands Of the opposition, and accelerate TIT
downfall OF the Tory administration. great dea
Of capital has indeed already been made by tn
Wings out Of the imprisonment Of O'Connell AND
his associates.
Ireland itself continues in a perfectly Tranquil
state The refusal of the authorities to admit tn,
multiudinous repeal deputations, with their ad
dresses TO O'Connell, into the prison, had exctec
a good deal of discontinued mutlering. We thlnl
it is highly probable that new trial will be granted
by the House of Lords. The reply of her Majest,
to the address Of the Repealers, laconic as it is,
sufficiently significant. On the 4th inst the appea
was TO come up. The chief ground on which thu
demand for new trial will be urged in the Lords
will be the difference in the usages Of the Irish
Courts from those of England Lord Lyndhurst
who is great stickler for the constitutional
laws and usages of the English courts, and person
ally entertains any feeling but that Of hostility
O'Connell, whatever their public conduct towards
each other may be, will not it is supposed, be likely
to oppose the application for trial. After the
appeal is heard, habeas corpus will be issued, OF
which O'Connell will be brought before the Lords
and go at large on his bail, which may or not BE-
enlarged.
Great anxiety will be felt until the next arrival