Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1844-11-14


garlic twice week to flavor il! These are coun
tries peculiarly productive and. Astounding will
wheat, and with Labor in the most abject an,
servile condition. The costs of freight from IN,
ports OF the Mediterranean, according to circum
stances, will average from - to Is cents
bushel.
The cost Of transportation of a bushel Of you,
Wheat from the West to New York is I,co-fkiyd.
more than that from Bremen! and about double
that from the Mediterranean. The Legislation OF
our country had thus provided premium in ia.
vor OF foreign grain, and had reduced our farmers
to the unequal competition with the degraded and
most servie labor of Europe. The act of lS4o
alone redeemed them from the humility of their
condition. by the protecting duty of twenty five
cents bushel. In 1895 and large quantities of
Barley were imported on commission ior Brewers
in this City, at Albany, and the intermediate
towns on the Hudson. 1t costs FOR all expenses
so cents per boshel. Daring the same wear large
quantities of Rye were in like manner imported
Tor DistilleTs, and all the cost was sixty-three
cents. The market price of Barley was at the
time about one dollar per bushel, and OF Rye one
dollar twenty-five cents. This information have
from source in which i entirely confde for its
accuracy. The Distillers aud the Brewers at the
time kept their own secret, while the consumers
drank the proceeds in full gusto, at the rate of
one dollar and one dollar twenty-five cents a
| bushel.
| These are the results of Laws which GU your-
selves do sanction. All our Atlantic Cities can
eat their bread cheaper from across the wide o.
cean than from our owUfarms. Without the
present protection Of twenty-five cents a bushel,
1t would be SO obtained. II we do not make bet.
ter arrangements, foreign nations will overwhelm
US with their productions-again takeaway our spe-
Gle, and leave your grain upon your hands, w,hou,
either foreign or domestic market.
So much has been said in this country of Adam
Smith. that feel the propriety of submitting a
lew words on the subject and history Of Political
Economy. Holland you remember became the
great emporium Of Commerce-and Flanders of
Mannfactures-these two countries are about e.
quail IN dimensions to couple of our countless
Their most prosperous condition existed about
two centuries ago. Great Britain then, far in
the rear-encumbered with her Baroniai power
lacking comparative civilizaton-began TO per.
ceiye the essential benefits to be derived from the
examples Of those States. She began with them
TO encourage domestic industry-and when she
could not establish reciprocity with Flanders,
she shut her out! The rivalry and strife from
these, and other causes Of contention, ran so
high that Holland set about the Invasion of Eng
land. The curious will find an illustration of
the spirit OF that age, by reference to an original
proclamation now preserved in the New York
Society Library, of Governor Andres, calling on
these American Colonies 10 aid the Parent Coun-
try in the then crisis of her peril. The science
OF Political Economy was moulded into a weapon
for defence.
About 1870. Great Britain began to make books
on Political Economy-every one of them Pro-
lection up TO the hub accompanied with some sic
or sepen hundred criminal ia,os enacted 10 enforce
the iaws Of Protection. Child wrote in $40. Gee
in 1880, CamLlon in 1850, Midway in i76O.-
All the most distinguished writer's Of England on
Political Economy used the strongest language i'm
favor OF Protection Of Domestic Industry Then
tOrofe for the Government. Gee is nearly out Of
Print-so much SO, that perhaps possess the on
hncE ie
Trade and Navigation of Great Britain consider
ed ;"-"Shewing that the surest way for nation
70 Increase in riches, is 10 prevent the importation
~ ucIAeign commodities as may be raised at
a62n this Kingdom is capable of raising
within itself and its Colonies, materials for EN-.
ploying all our poor. in those manufactures which
we now import from such of our nejghbors
who refuse the admission Of our own.' Gee
states that his book was written by "Order of The
Lords Of Trade twas printed, not to publish it.
but to put few of them into the hands of some
of the Ministers Of Stale and other great men,
he had understood by some great persons, that a
discourse upon Trade would be very acceptable
TO the King" Such was the uniform and vet
nnvarylng doctrine OF the Government of Great
Britain for one hundred years before our Reyolu-
ZION. When that great event was rapidly ap-
preaching, and when Holland and Flanders were
supplanted, and Eng land was standing prominent
IN Commerce, 10! the book of Sir James Stewart
makes its appearance book essentially teach
log the then newborn doctrine of Free Trade
This book was published in 1869. AT length, in
due time, Adam Smith appears. His book was
printed in 1875 and the beginning Of I776. The
hrst copy OF his work canno, be found among u.s.
For one hundred years before our Revolution.
high-toned protection to Home Industry was O.
nacted and enforced by the severesi feudal laws.
Selling sheep, or exporting a fleece of wool
was punished, for the first offence, by forfeiture
OF goods, his hand to be cut of and nailed up in
market town; and for second offence, to suf
Ter death. This last act escaped the notice of
British Legislators, and yet remains unrepeaeJ.
although unexeculed. To entice an artificer or
any manufacturer 10 leave Great Britain TO prac.
tice or teach his trade, punished with penal
ties more severe than those provided against
| eDlicing slave from our Southern States while
the arlifcer himself forfeited his estate, was de-
ciared AN alien, and Incapable TO take properly by
descent, gift or otherwise.
| When Mr.. Schofeld of Waterbury, Connect.
cut, now living. established his manufactory of
Buttons in that town, he had difficulty to obtain
artisans, and could not send them from England,
but was obliged 10 send them disguised and shin
Them from Ireland as common emigrants. Other
Manufactories, and especially those OF Broadcloth
formerly encountered like difficulties and expedi-
| ents.
| The export from England Of any Cotton Ma
1 chineTy prohibited BY forfeiture and penalties
The desire Of Russia TO manufacture was thus pre-
vented I'LL within few years. When they learn
| ed from an American visiter that this country
made its own machinery, with American improve
menis on the best English models, orders were
immediately given to ship specimens from Low
ell; 10 draw on Russia for the cost to 500, 900.
This opened new and profitable trade with Rus.
STA; and which is now carried on extensively
| from Lowell and Patterson, and believe, Matte
| awan,-aDd the ports Of Russia were also open to
American Cotton. England, watchful for the in.
teIests of her subjects on learning the opening of