Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1844-10-15

Tue existence OF Nign arm. -, -,
This is only the starting ron, oil their calcuia-
lions. II is well known. ih; by far the greater
portion Of the operatives in the factories ale gus
and boys, many Of them iou young 20 engage III
any other labor III Letter from ihe 91cre'di.
OF the Treasury, 10 the Speaker ol the lioESe q
Representatives, daled February 2y'i' lo'o col'-
tanning "tables and notes on The cnisiV.'!o'l, id
nu!;,ctu:c and foreign trade Of co'ton Il y s'"'eo
thai, in Engl;nd OF the persons cmpioyeo III CO..
ton factories. "dbout one t.,h are men, ohe.'i"ia
women, and the res, children" And yet IL IS as
sumed that each one Of these chiiTeh Is 'ic hc,'o
of /. family; and allowing TO each an aNe'''Se III
niiiv oi five persons, dependei on ms VI el Id
Dor, they cravely tell rs thar The number OF con-
sinners Of our brcads,uds. ms created, amounts
10 i 100000 "a rule of calculation WHICH "o"i"
give Us. rs the dependents on agr'cn'lufe ar'ii,,
1883 $50 persons anuTbef cXcee'iiii@ 'lie "'ioie
population OF the Union By nearly nliiiion =
But TO return 10 the census ana s'aliS!ics acIoh
panyin. ii On 4 careful examlha'ion VI u'oee
documents, VIC find the whole hummer Oh leis IN
engaged in all kinds OF manufactures 10 pe -
625 But. Of these. 223,6l2 are engaged III Tie
manufacture OF cannon ana al,,>, precious 1a
metals, tobacco, soap ana c@h"lcs, Po"u.
: ills, drugs, paints ana dyes PafSl phi
ing and binding, Cncludlns he"sPaPels a, nI
periodicals. musical instruments caiiia "",.
nearly duty free. OF else no, imported to any CON
siderable extent, or the manufacture oil when Is
not materially affected By The Iar'il,) ana even
LAG. $50 Of them in mills and the construction Q,
houses! These, certainly, should moi pe il.i"aeu
in the number OF persons, WHOSE occuPa'lo,,i ~
the manufacture of protected arhcieS inahes 'ie'i'
the consumers of our agricultural proSue's' ~
Quoting this NUMBER therefore, from Tue h"'iiucI
o.. those aged in every description VI manu-
iacture, We have 23G0 i3 persons employed IA tne
manufacture of protected aTticies-Vl: iron, san,
machinery, hardware, various metals "o'', lo'-
ton. silk. flax mixed manufactures leather, TAN
nerics and saddet;cS other manufactures oi lea
lhcr Glass. earthenware, sugar retneiies aEd emo
colate cordaoe. and distilled and iermented II
ouo-s Here then are the i,S00,009, Ike tai>tall ;
men in buckra,n. reduced 10 2o6o Now Is II
fair or reasonable 10 attribute the existence OF all
this nn,nber 10 the protective Tarlll, any more
Than il would he lo say that under mucer-
ate rercauc Tariff there would be none OF these
articles manufactured III This country! oh lac
contrary ,his was their number Under The low
duiies of The Compromise act in 1910, when HE
cansns WAS taken; and il has never been con-
tended. ,ha, il was much, il at all, less taeh thaa
a; any former period.
What proportion OF even TINS very lncofsioela-
Bile demand Tor bread Stutis thus created, Is SUP
piled ~ the South, cannot by any means De as,
certa;oed: hut whatever may be- the extent oi
his markc, the great grain growing States,
New York, Michigan. Ohio and Pennsylvania.
arc also co,onr,i;ul> in il, with the advantage o
Iciny nearer and commanding more facilities oi
transportation.
In This connection. vcur Committee wond no.
lice publication in the Richmond wing oil Aug
20 hyihc Chairman OF the Central Gay Com
mirlcc. AMI number Of Wing merchants OF tins
Civ in which il i a,l"dgcd, that 5O0,9oo bbls. Of
flour are shipped annually from Virginia, ana
lSiG17 from Richmond 10 Northern manniac-
turing STATE: assuming that al TINS flour, because
shipped 10 Northern >ca ports j. consumed IN me
Lf,n,. marke; of manufacturers. created by the
nroscn, Lioh Tariff. Before exposing the utter
.alacv and GeceptiycneSs OF this publication,
vc will cor-cc; IN erroneous quotation from Hunts
Merchants Magazine stated bv them Is being IN
vol. -. y. ~ but which is 10 I've found IN volo.
u. 51l-aro!hcr specimen Of Tie accuracy and
;alh.ulaess Of Wing quotations ond STATISTICS
The quotation il from 4 statement made by
Richmond correspondent Of the Magazine which
is in the following words and figures
INSPECTIONS Of Flour in Richmond ending Both
1911 lb2' $40 oar1eE.
1919 1924 d"
1873 lSi6T
ExpaRrs Of Flour from James River, from Oct.
/, 10 sept. 81, 1873:
To South America, ba!s. 5s,l35
~ Ora, britain 6g5i
m YVES. In.,ic. 1851
To which was added, NOT in ,!lc
Magazine. but in the quotation
from il, AZ if il were in il,
TO the North Coastwisc' ll6,9f
1867"
Representing this correspondent OF the Nigga
zinc. as stating that ll622l btls. of this flour was
shipped 10 Northern States, for the use OF North
ern manufacturers, whet, if consulted on tins
point. he would probably have said that some
portion q it was shipped 10 Southern CiticS, and
ycry large six-,enihs at least,
as we shall presently scc:--was sent NorhwaTd
in cu,st:ng vessels, only lobe transferred TO larger
ships. for rc-shiplncnt 10 foreign ports. And that
this is the course and destination OF very large
portion OF Virginia -four, we will now proccedio
show. We regret that after making every Ell
tort. 10 obtain accurate information on this point,
VIZ find there are no means oi asccrtainin9, OF
even Of approximaiin2 10 the exact amount OF
Southern iloar, which is ie-Shpred in Northern
,or,s 10 fonisn countries We can therefore only
state facts and existing causes, which must III
auencc ana direct the course q! this trade, and
l.ayc the initrenccs 10 bc drawn iherelrom b.
others.
The Pepor, of the Secretary Of the Treasury
Tor 1879 shows that more than twothids Of the ship
ping cleared from all the por OF IN" United States
sailed from the States North O! L.; and il is well
known thaiihree-!ourths othe shipping ollhe coun-
try is owned in New York Boston, Salem, New
Bedford, Newburypor and ether Northern Cities.
The early accumulation OF capital in those cities,
their geographical position and The serity of soil
and severity ofcli.natc OF the ncichhorns country,
divcrtng that capital into the channel of COM
raerce and many other causes combined, have
given those cities comparatively the monopoly OF
the shipping OF the country, as well as OF The M
PORT trade This trade preemncntly requires
the use of great capital; aud Wherever the latter
is concentrated, the former will follow. But This
trade also requires, and c'Hbran" wM II, the ship
ping both foreign AMI domestic: and these ships,
having discharged their car.ocS OF foreign pro-
duce must have return carsocS 81. American pro-
ducts. The owners or empowers OF these ships
have then the alternative. either of loading their
large ships without delay, in Tie same ports in
which they have just discharged one cargo under
the eve of the domestic owner, aud OF the agent
of The foreign owner from smaller caIgocs OF DO
mcstic products. brought from other States b.
coas,ing cla:-or of sending their large ships to
touch al each domestic por, for parts OF their ca
goes. subject 10 all the delays expense, risk, and
difficulties, which they would thus incur. As
nigh, be expected therefore, this is rarely done
and thew arc willing TO pay Tho expense OF the
coasI-Uisc voyage by smaller craft, and carry
Southern exports more cheaply from one of these
cities. than direct from Southern town. many
Of which would be either wholly inaccessible to
them. or to- be approached only 4. the risk Of being
stranded for many days. Besides, these ships
nearly all, if no. all of Them leave our shore with
asserted cargoes, collected from every part OF our
Union-nay. of our continent; and these can only
ic obtained in such cities as New York and Eos
.on--;Losc great reservoirs, into which empty the
streams of produce and trade from every part OF
the Western Hemisphere. This is especially the
case with the vast amount Of tonnage engaged in
the whale fisheries, winch i, is welt known, take
no inconsiderabc quantities Of our tobacco for
the purpose of trading, and OF our Southern
-four. bccause little or no Northern -four will
stand tn" exposure TO The vicissi;uacs OF climate