The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1844-06-14
OTTAWA, ILLINOIS, FRIDAY, JUNE ID, 1914.

person in the United States for shoes, III
cost of this article in the whole counlr,
would be $50 100000. one-third of whicl
saved, would be over SIC 100000. Som
of the preparations for rendering leathc
water proof are much less expensive than
others. A very simple composition o
rosin. bceswax aud tallow, applied warm
both TO the soles and uppcrs, SO that til,
leather is thoroughly saturated with the
mixture, has been found to be very cllcc
,ual for tho purpose.
During my late visit To New York
visited the sugar works of Mcssrs. TylIet
and Mapcs, in Leonard street, which cs
tablshncnt has adopted the new process
of sugar making invented by Professor
Mapes. BY this process they manufac-
lure from $4,000 TO 10000 pounds of SUI
gar per day from common West India
molasscs, and generally of a quality supc-
rior TO that made from the cane in Louisi.
ana. They often use molasscs which has
become sour with good effect.
AS an evidence of the improvement in
making loaf sugar, would add that, by
the new process, the refining by the aid
of clay is abandoned. The old process
requires a, least thirty days to complete
the loaf for market; whereas the impro-
we'd mode accomplishcs the same in six
days--lhus making vast saving in time,
machinery and room.
This evaporator will undoubtedly be
introduced for sall-making, concentration
of extracts Of dye-woods, &c.
In the paper marked 81" will be found
description Of the electromagnetic telc-
graph, illustrated by plates, in language
SO familiar as to enable every person to
understand one Of the great improvements
of the age--onc that is destined to cxer-
else great and, it is believed, happy cl-
feet in the transmission of intelligence
from one section of the country to anoh-
er. Experiments already made in Eng
land and on the continent. leave no doubt
of its prac,icabiliy and this will ere long
be further tested on the railroad route be-
tween Washington and Baltimore.
The choice as to the mode OF commu-
nicalon by wires placed within leadcn
pipes under ground, or through similar
wires suspended in The air, has OCCASION
cd much perplexity to the scientific; but
the latter will probably be found much
the most economical in its structure, as
well as in The facility of repair. The ra-
pidily of communication is truly astonish-
ing; it is instantaneous. The rate at
which the electromagnetic fluid passes,
according to Mr.. Wheatstone, is 2Ss.000
miles equal TO III times around the
globc) in one sccond.--We see the
"streak" Of Lightning in the heavens, but
it leaves no trace the stream oil elecrici
ty has passed in less than the twinkling
of an eye, and is gone far beyond our
sight. In the same manuor, with equal
swllncss, the electromagnetic fluid I'M
crrngly conveys the intelligence intruslcd
to its operation.
Foreigners are now claiming the merit
of the invention 10 reduce the discovery
10 practice yet history, il is believed,
will hereafter accrcdit the highest and
most deserved commentator to one of
our countrymen.
A new field is thus laid open for the
researches of science, and new discoveries
may yet be expected. Experiments have
already been made in this country, with
wires of lG0 miles in length, insulated in
coils, with perfect success. A small bat
terry of 100 pairs Of plates was sufficient
for tho operation the whole distance. In
ellcciing the transmission of intclli-
gcnce by the telegraph, the artificial mag
net, created by electricity, sets in motion
an apparatus which gives on paper certain
characters, representing letters of the al
phabct. Communications are thus re-
corded, either by day or night. on revol-
wing cylinder, without even supcrin,cnd-
ance, and may be transcribed at leisure.
The medium employed is simply cop.
per wire, insulated and extended on posts,
at an expense not exceeding $50 per
mile. 1t is confidently believed that pro-
prictors will thus connect their dwellings
with the places of their mechanical opcr,
- II n 4
Boston and Lowell be thus connected
The same posts, too, would answer for
many miles of communication. Each
wire, however, must be insulated /; and,
arrange as il may seem, if two wires arc
placed horizontally at some distance apart,
aud one is charged, a similar effect is pro-
duced OIL the other.
Among the most curious effects attend
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