Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1844-05-18

"A laws OF the United States. Tho Een.
,ls,oeu ~ tho Iludaon's Bay Company
arc doing every ,hlngin their power 20
encourage and facilitate emigration, and
10 advance improvements throughout tho
country. "They," he says "aiiofded us
rvorv assistance that was In their power,
both In supplies and means TO accomplish
our dutss. There arc many persons In
the country who bear testimony TO the
aid and kindness rendered them In their
outset and Of their hospitality II Is need
less TO speak, for Il has become proven
bal" The party to which | belonged,
upon arriving in the country, received
more attention from these gentlemen than
they would have done at home. DR..
Mclaughlin kindly pronered to render
them any assistance in his power. or
the aid Of the Doctor the people were
very happy to avail themselves, without
which they would have been unable TO
have protected themselves against the in.
cIemency Of the approaching winter.
lleft Oregon for California on the 30th
day Of May, l843, with party oil SO
persons; we arrived in California on the
10Th day Of July following. A few facts
in reference 10 California may b. deemed
Of some Importance, as many of our citi-
zens are also emigrating to that delight
full country.
Upper California, Of which speak, is
bounded on the east by the Rocky Noun
tains, on the south by lower California
and Sonora, on the ives. by the Pacific
Ocean, and on the north by Oregon, (the
42d degree Of N. lattitude.) The ap-
pearance Of this country is really attrac-
tive.--There is an elevated range OF coun-
try Immediately on the coast; this section
of country is, however, lnterspersed with
beautiful and most fertile valleys, of rath
Ter limited extent. Immediately east Of
this range Of elevated lands, is vast
plain, averaging from 90 to $50 miles in
width from east TO west, and extending
the whole extent Of the country from
north to south. This plain extends from
the high lands on the coast to a range of
mountains in the interior.--It is beyond
a doubt one OF the most fertile sections o.!
the country in The world, producing oats,
cloves, and flax, spontaneously, in great
abundance, and OF an excellent quality
It is generally covered with kind oil
short fine grass, OF which ca;tIo and hor-
ses are very fond. The oats, in many
parts of this valley or plain, are found
five or six feet in height. The clover
generally grows about two or three feet
high; it very much resembles our com
mon red aud white clover. The fax is OF
an excellent quality. The soil of all this
valley Is generally black. deep vegeta
Bile loan; that OF The hills and mo lnlains
Is genally light brown loan or vegetable
earth. The sub-soilis generally gravel
and sand,, or unctuous clay. Immediate
ly at the eastward of this range Of noun
tains is another valley, Of more limited
extent, but equal in fertility, 10 that just
described. This is also bounded on the
east by another range Of mountains, TO
the eastward oil which there is also an
other valley ofconsiderable extent, which
is also very fertile. These valleys all
run parallel with the coast, so also do the
ranges Of the mountains, all Of which are
spurs Of the Rocky Mountains.
The principal grain grown in Cali(or-
MIA as yet is wheat, which is raised in
great abundance throughout the whole
country. The average crop, in good sea.
sons, is said to be from 80 10 so bushels
per acre, or TO bushel Of sowing. was
informed by several respectable men that
there had been one instance within their
own knowledge Of u farmers receiving
1873 bushels to one Of sowing; the next
year, without sowing, from spontane-
GUS growth upon the same ground, 81
bushels to the acre were received. -
As extraordinary and doubtful as this
may appear to some, | have not the least
doubt Of its correctness. It is no more
extraordinary than it would be to see oats
growing spontaneously five or six feet
high. have travelled through many
thousand acres Of oats Of this kind. The
wheat raised IN this country isof very
differentiated from ours; one stalk psodu-
'ces 'scyefalears or heads This may ac-
count 70 Some extent for She extraUrdina-
fy retarns received III that country, yet
the clImate,no doubt, is the chief cause
The wheat raised here il of an excellent
quality Ihdiancorn, beans, peas, barley,
tobaccoyand all kinds of vegetables, are
grown will. great success in all parts Of
the country. There isno soil or climate
in the world more lavOrabIeto the grow
ing Of rice, cotton, dcaue, than that Of
California. Apples, pears, peaches, figs,
almonds, olives, dates, oranges, lemons,
cilrons, pomgsana,esan and grapes, naysall.
be produced il any abundance Inaiact.
all lie tropical fruits are OF may be- pro-
Ia many parts Of the countrytlinber y
very abundant, especially on the coast,
where oak, ashgarbuus, urbof vitae, and