davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1844-04-05
AGRICULTURAL.
.UANo---ARTIFICIAL GUANo.


The most powerful manure yet discovered is
Gudno. 1t consists of the putrefying excrements
of sea-fowl, and is found in great abundance upon
the islands of of the Pacific on the coast of Chi
Ii and Peru; and more or less in all islands fire.
quented by sea-fowl. OF late years it has been
very profitable article of commerce; great num-
Der Of vessels being employed in carrying it to
Great Britain, where the manure sells for $50 a
ton and is a cheap manure at that 1t is also
brought to this country, but while we are without
Rail Roads, our farmers cannot afford to buy it
ann TRANSPORT it There i danger, TOO, that if uni
yerSally used, the supply will fail +; but now comes
the remedy of YankeaChemst, perhaps some of
our readers will rdcule him as book farmer who
has analysed the Guano and by the aid of scienti-
fc knowledge has manufactured an artificial Gtta-
no, of more value than the natural product of the
sea-brds. The discoverer is Dr. c. T. Jackson, of
Boston, distinguished chemist and geologist.--
From his letter in the N. z. Farmer we copy the
following recipe, which he says he has tried with
perfect success:
The following is the composition of my artificial
guano, with an estimate of the cost of each ingre-
dent, as stated by my friend Mr.. A. A. Hayes, a
scientific and manufacturing chemist. The prices
are estimated for crude products, as they can be
/ made in lnrUp OuDntitlpS.--
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1844-04-05
SO 80

In INV experiments, the bones were burnt until
white, and then reduced to powder, and all the
chemical substances were used in their pure state.
This is unnecessary in ordinary practice, but was
required in scientific researches to establish the
principle. Any chemist who inspects the table of
the above mixture will perceive how series of
double decompositions will take place. resulting in
manure. In some cases have added sulphate of
lime and sea-sat Chloride of sodium) to the above
MIXTURE and in such case sulphate of ammonia and
carbonates of lime and soda are produced.
In the cultivation of potatoes, much larger pro-
portion of sulphate of magnesia may be introdu-
ced with advantage. For clover, very large addi-
ton Of gypsum may be made either by mixing il
directly with the guano, or by spreading it on the
SOIL the latter being preferable, since it will absorb
the escaping ammonia.
The npocrenate, crenate, and humate of ammo
MIA made by the t, ition of carbonate of ammonia
to swamp muck peat, does not lin the large way)
require to be dissolved and filtered 1t will be suf
fcient to mix them in the state of moist PASTE
No ammonia can escape from its combination with
the peat or muck.
The refuse bone-black of sugar refneries may
be made into paste with sulphuric acid in excess,
and then treated with sufiicency of crude pot
ash or soda to take up the phosphorc acid set free
by the sulphuric acid. This mixture may be at
once added to the other ingredients of the guano,
leaving out the phosphate OF soda and sulphate OF
potash and gypsum, for these are now formed.
The animal carbon will also be substitute for
the ammonacal extract of peat, which may be
omitted. Urine made into a paste with calcined
gypsum, may be substituted for the carbonate and
muriate of ammonia. 1t is Indifferent whether we
use nitrates ofsoda or potas,.. The common crude
sallpetre witt answer perfectly well, where it can
| be obtained cheaper than nitrate Of soda Com
mon bog manganese answers for the oxide Of man
ganese and bog iron.
1t will be easy for any one familiar with chemis
try, to make many varieties Of the above combna
tons within the rules but those who do not under
stand the science, will do well to follow the formu
la strictly if they wish to test the value of the ma
nure.
'sawdust and potash melted together in an iron pot.
Peat stepped carbonate Of ammonia strained and eyapoa
ted to paste.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1844-04-05

report Of the commissioners present repeated
OF chdren whose religious confined to the repet-
ton OF the two first words of the Lords Prayer
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1844-04-05

Experiment. A Scotch paper says that the Rev.
Mr.. Ramsay, of Arbroath, commenced digging
early potatoes on the 2Sth June; after removing
the crop, he Immediately replanted the stems; and
although the first crop was considered good, the
second from the stems, was superior-more numer-
Gus, larger and of better quality. The expert
ment is worthy of further trial
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1844-04-05
VOL xXXvII, NO. 8l.--wHoLE NO. 1855.

Natural guano, at the present time, is worth $50
per ton IN England, and so many ships are now en-
gagged IN its transportation from the guano islands
of the Pacific, that we may look forward to time
when the localities where it is now procured will
be exhausted and the coast of Chill and Peru will
be reduced to comparative barrenness 1t is there
fore important that we should endeavor to form an
artificial manure, equal if not superior in value to
it. / am satisfied that we can, by operating on
large SCALE make an artificial manure more valua-
BILE than guano, and susceptible of all those varia-
tons which different soils and crops require.
We cannot expect old farmers to leave the plow
in the fuvrow and go to school to learn chemistry,
but we do think it of the utmost moment that they
should see that their children who may hereafter
be called to improve the soil, should be made ac-
quainted with this science, which lays at the very
foundation of the successful cultivation of the soil,
and the adaptation of manures to the various tribes
of useful plants. 1t is absurd for the farmer to
undervaue and neglect chemistry, as it would be
for the navigator to despise and neglect astronomy
The former is guide to the most successful cult
walton of the soil, while the latter directs the
riner across the deep with unerring precision.
Respectfully your ob't serv't,
Boston, March 4. 1914.
We add an English recipe for artificial Guano,
which is still cheaper.
6. s. d.
3l5 lbs Il bushels) of bone dust, at Is
ID per bushel 0 10
100 lbs phate of ammonia, contain
ing 80 lbs. of ammonia at 20s
| cwt, 18 0
5 lbs. pearash, 0
! 100 lbs. common salt, 0 2 0
II lbs. of dry suphate of soda, 0 l G
| 53l lbs of artificial guano cost 2
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1844-04-05

The bones can be had for the trouble of gather.
ing burning and pulverizing; and the pearlash and
salt are at hand for every farmer. Suphate of So
da (Glauber salts) and sulphate of ammonia can be
procured of druggists,-whom see to ascertain the
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
THE MADISONIAN AND GLOBE.

These Locofoco journals have renewed hos
tilities which were temporarily suspended come
three months ago. The Globe attacks Captain
Tyler with great bitterness on the score of the
Texas treaty, which Of course brings the Mad
isonan to the rescue. We of course feel little
interest in these family quarrels; but we may,
nevertheless, say that it looks ungenerous in
the Globe to fall upon Captain Tyler with its
ruthless hand after he has 30 faithfully served
the cause of Locofocoism by the most unscrupu-
lous and corrupt use of the Executive patronage.
Had Captain Tyler been volunteer, and rushed
unbidden into the fight, the Globe might perhaps
excuse itself for it's course towards His Acct
dency but after the bargain which was ratified
between the Locofocos and that functionary, we
cannot fail to consider the conduct of the Globe
a. faithless, not to say treacherous.
AS both these prints affect to consider the
election Of Mr.. Polk certain, it is not improbable
that the root and groundwork of this editorial war
may be the prospect Of dividing the spoil. We
incline to think that the parties are spending
ammunition to very little purpose.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
DEATH OF CHIEF JUSTICE BUCHANAN.

VI SIllIr JOo he bUCaANAN.
The Hagerstown Torchlght of yesterday con-
tains the following painful announcement of the
death of one of the most eminent lurists in Ma
ryland:
DEATH OF CHEF JUSTICE BUcHANAN-It is
with feelings of the most profound sorrow that
We announce the death of his honor John Bu-
chanan, Chief Justice of the State of Maryland,
in the list year of his age. He expired at Wood
land. his late residence, yesterday, at ii o'clock,
after an illness of about four weeks. Judge Bu-
chanan was appointed associate justice of this
judicial district in 1906 and in 1925 took his seat
as Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals from
which time to the present he has presided in
such manner as to have conferred upon himself
the reputation of one of the abest jursts in the
country. During this period, notwithstanding his
precarlous health, he has abored with indefatiga-
bic perseverance, in his vocation, and has be-
queathed to his State series Of decisions which
will always be looked upon as one of her proud
est monuments, and from which her sons, 80 long
as she exists, will continue to reap the whole
some and vivfying fruits. Deeply do we deplore
his decease. and most deeply do we sympathise
with his bcreaved family in the loss which not
only they, but the public, have sustained.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND FORTY E1GHr.-Al-
ready-even before the result Of the present cleo
ton is known-there is movement looking to
the Presidency of 1S46. The Philadelphia u s.
Gazette Of Wednesday says: -
We noticed that one of the Native American
papers, yesterday, nominated General w. Scott,
and Judge Mclean, as the candidates for Pres-
dent and Vice President in lS4S.
The Boston Courier, few days since, came
out with we'll digested editorial in favor of Ma
tive Americansm. The Courier is specially ia
vorable to Mr.. Webster. We do not know that
there was any connection between the sentiments
of the able editor of the Courier on the subject to
which we refer, and the nomination of Mr.. Web
ster for 1913.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

COMMON SCHOOLS IN Misunderstanding to
an official report "returns have been received
from only 159 towns, containing in 1s43, 25,s74
families, 1909 school districts, 6495O children
between the ages of 4 and ls, 52,665 children
attending school in said year schools were taught
by male teachers 1896 months, by female teach
ers 6,9S7 months; $51 ,O6s were paid to the for
mer for wages, $33,6O5 to the latter; $6O,69l of
public money were received by those districts
within the said year. From these data it results
that 10 per cent of the children between A and
IL did not attend the common schools Ga portion
OF them, doubtless, attended select schools) ;
that the average monthly wages of the male
teachers was $l3 IL, of the female teachers,
81 ~ that the average number of months taught
was q; the average number OF children that at
tended school in each district, 30; and that the
amount paid teachers was equal to 81 81 to each
scholar taught.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

II is stated that the jewery worn by the Mar.
gus OF Westminster at the nstallation Of Louis
Philippe to the order Of the garter, was of the
most superb character. In the centre of his lord.
ships badge was the celebrated Arcot diamond,
valued at $4,000 guineas. His lordship's sword
also displayed massive diamond, one of the Iarg-
est in the world, weighing 96 carats, and valued
at f2o,0OO. The same nobleman has laborers
on his estates who have to support themselves,
wives, and children. on about two dollars per
week. and provisions naar thirty poY cont higher
than in this country.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
VERMONT.

The Legislature of Vermont adjourned on the
3lst of October. The following gentlemen were
elected Judges of the Supreme Court:
Charles X. Williams, Chief Justice;
Stephen Royce, First Assistant Justice;
Isaac F. Redfeld, Second do.
Milo L, Bennett, Third do
William Hebard, Fourth do
Bills were passed authorizing geological sur
vey; extending the time for the payment of stock
to the New York and Champlan Steamboat Com
pany; increasing pedlers' license to S25.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
% I
~Ol

The New York Tribune has the following at
the foot Of its table, made up to 81 o'clock yes
terday morning:
awe have 6,734 to lose yet, in third of the
State, with indications from the Great West
highly favorable. st. Lawrence is the only bad
hole to hear from, and there we mag Judging
from Jefferson) lose 1900, though we hope not.
In the rest of the State, we do not see where we
can lose 1000, though it is possible
"Monroe will probably 60 higher than the
above, as there is Wing gain on 40, so far as
heard from, Of &c in Rochester alone. Washing
ton is probably better than we have given it. On
the other hand, the Locofoco first reports from
Otsego, Jefferson and Oswego are very probably
exaggerated. But we shall not hurrah yet. Wait
one more boat.
eve fear Fillmore and our State ticket are
defeated by the fraudulent vote in this city. If
go, the election must be contested, and thorough
scrutiny instituted"
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
THE TOBACCO TRADE.

The Lynchburg Virginian Of Monday contains
an extract Of letter from a commercial house in
London to their correspondent in Lynchburg,
which will be read with interest by the tobacco
planters and dealers The British Government
it seems, ia contemplating further increase Of
the duty upon tobacco in strips. The ostensible
object Of this new regulation, which has been re-
commended by committee of the House Of Com.
uons, is to improve the revenue but its inju-
rious effects upon the tobacco trade will be none
the less whatever be its purpose. 1t 10 not i'm
probable that one motive which may have prompt
ed this additional tax upon tobacco is the design
to retaliate upon this country for the exclusive
privileges granted to the Zo Verein by the late
treaty. We predicted, some months ago, that
such would be the result. We felt satisfied that
the English would not acquesce in our favo-
ritsm to Germany without retaliating in the
has been adopted.
1t is unfair to offer to the nations of the world
with which we have the most extensive COM
merce any other terms Of intercourse than those
enjoyed by the " most favored nations" With
England our commerce both ways has always
been equal. or nearly equal, to that which we
enjoy with all other nations. Under such cir
cumstauces. it is manifestly our interest to offer
to England terms Of intercourse equally advan-
tageous as those enjoyed by other foreign States,
and it should not surprise any sane man that
England should resent at once so plain depar.
ture from the rule of fairness and equality as
would be the ratification of the Zol Verein
treaty.
We entirely disapprove the mode of legislation
adopted by this administration upon the subject
OF our foreign relations We regard it as an un-
warrantable stretch of the treaty-makng power;
and direct encroachment upon the domain of
the National legislature.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

MR. EvERETT.-The Boston Daily Advertiser
says: "Some of the papers are in error in say
ing that previous to the sailing of the Hbernia
Mr. Everett had been absent for some time on
the continent, and had returned to England, as
also one Of the papers by the Acadia in announ-
cling that he had requested his recall He has
not been recently on the continent, nor had he
been absent from London since the beginning of
last month, having previously to the departure of
the Acadia returned from visit to Scotland"
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

The Mobile Herald of October l, has the fol-
lowing account of distressing accident at PEN
sacoa:
by letter from Pensacola, we learn that on
Monday last, during heavy squall in the harbor,
boat belonging to the U. s. ship Falmouth, on
its way from the Navy Yard to the city, was cap
sized when but short distance from the city.
and nine persons were drowned, among whom
were Lieut.. Piper, of the Marine Corps, and Pro-
lessor Fox The other seven were sailors Our
letter states that boat with country produce,
coming out of the Sound, passed near the scene,
and saved eight persons, midshipman and seven
sailors. Having no small boat, however, and
the large vessel, no doubt being clumsy one,
they were unable to render more assistance, al.
though the poor drowning men were beseeching
their aid most piteousy. On Tuesday the boats
from the Falmouth and the Navy Yard were out
all day in search of the bodies"
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
ELECTION RETURNS.

We insert the returns at large in to.day's pa
per from all the States as far as heard from, and
shall transfer them to the Weekly. They will
be found useful in making comparisons between
the present vote and those of 1910, or of any pre-
vious election.
G~ The latest news by the Telegraph and the
Southern mail will always be found under the
postscript head. @"
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

PRETTY CODA Yankee mariner, we'll known
in this District, was standing at the corner of 18th
street and the Avenue last night, as the Locofoco
procession was passing, when an acquaintance
asked him how he liked that pointing to poker
in lump of clay, on the head of man. The
reply was, Every one knows that clay is the 5es.
Of holding ground, provided the iron is good :"
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

Political CL1ouEs IN New YoRK.-Now that
the election is over, we shall have full delop-
ment of all the different poitica cliques into which
the Locofcco party is secretly divided. We shall
have the Tyler Clique--the Van Buren, Clique
the Calhoun Cique--the Cass Cque--1he Re-
spectacle mans Clque-the BIackguard's Clique,
all and every other kind of clique amongst The Lo-
cofocos of New York, all striving to get possess
sion of Mr.. Polk when he gets to Washington,
should he be elected. We shall in day or two,
give complete philosophical analysis of these
various formations in the Locooco party-,he
materials of which they are composed-lheir OBJ
jects and purposes-and all other particulars PEN
etra'ng TO the natural history of those animals.
great addition TO Goldsmth's natural history
all round.-BenneH's Herald
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

A WEDDING RIDE.--Horses were scarce at
the first settlement of this country. 1t is not re-
corded that they were introduced into the Ply
mouth colony until about twenty years after the
landing of the Pilgrims; but the young folks
would have their ride Notwithstanding. When
John Alden was married-and John Alden was a
great man in his day, worshipfuI magistrate and
counsellor withal, and great favorte with the
ladies', nsomuch that he made nothing at all of
cutting out the renowned Captain Standish, who
cut down the Indians like stubble-when John
Alden was married, there was great carrying
on about Cape Cod, where he wooed and won the
Captains intended, Miss Priscilla Muens, the
great belle of the Cape and Colony. He was
determined to do the thing in style, as became
gentleman, so he put ring on his bulls nose,
covered his back with a piece of broad CLOTH
mounted and rode to the wedding. Miss Prs-
ella might well be proud of such hush and;
and, to prove herself worthy of bin, she reso-
lutey mounted the bull at the moving home, and
ambled along without fear, while her gallant
spouse led him by the nose, and walked proudly
by the side of his valuables. The gentleman
who led, and The lady WHO rode, we're the ances-
tors of some of the first families in the country.
including members of Congress, heads Of col.
egos, and two Presidents Of the United States--
Ersier Nsps Letter.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
w HIN G 7 @ N.
FRIDAY EVENING, NOV'R 8, 1874.
A REQUEST.

We are always glad to see our friends, and to
supply them with whatever information we have
but we must insist that our composing room shall
not be made place Of general resort. They
must see the necessity Of observing this request,
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08

The MoKMoss.--The Twelve" have decided
that they are at the head Of the Church, and are
to rank from Brigham Young downward in au-
tbority. They have also decided to gather the
Saints At Nsuvoo. and finish the Temple a. ex-
pedniously an possible.
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

The following is the result. in all the coun.
ties, of the Presidential election held in Maryland
on the 18th instant. The comparison is made with
the Gubernatoral Election held on the I'd Octo-
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
NEW YORK.

We have carefully made up the following table
from all the New York and Albany papers, and
we believe the additional news by this evenings
mail will make it better than we report it. I'm
der the postscript head will be found the evening
news by Telegraph:
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
NEW JERSEY.

The returns from this State, as far as they
have been received compared as follows with the
vote for Governor in October last, when the Wing
candidate was elected by majority of 1865
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
PENNSYLVANIA.

We republish our table of returns from this
have been enabled to make. Many of the returns
are yet incorrect, and will not be received other
wise until the official returns are published:
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
RHODE ISLAND ELECTION.
OHIO.

We have the following reported returns of the
election held in this State, which are compared
with the vote for Governor in October, when the
Wings carried the State by about 1900. The ma
The Whig standard. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1843-1844, 1844-11-08
VIRGINIA.

VIRGINIA.
We compile from the returns received from
this State the following table, comparing the pre-
sent vote with that Of 1910; many Of the coun-
ties are no doubt Incomplete but will not alter
the general aggregate materially: