Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1844-03-29
IA nom'sher Of plants, as much so as is car
bonic acid.
SECTION NINTH.
OfMe Causes which Make Urine Better or
Worse, More or Less, and the Nodes Of

SECTION NINTH.
Ofthe Causes which Make Urine Better or :
Worse, More or Less, and the Nodes Of {
Preserving IL. $
There can be no doubt that the same cau-
SEES which we have pointed out as affecting
the value Of dung, affect also the urine.
We have already alluded lin section viii
to the four chief circumstances TO be regard
ed in urine. And first, of lis composition
1t will be affected by the age, sex, food, and
difference of animal. The process of form
ing urine is the same in man and animals
Now if we reason here, as we surely NAV.
from analogy, then the effect Of age and sex
upon the quantity of the essence of urine CT
urea, will appear from the result of one hum
dred and twenty anal Uses of urine, as follows
Grs. Of Urea.
! In "a hours there are discharged BY men, 432
BY women 203
BY old men, from 76 to so years of age, l23
BY children years of age, 203
BY children years of age, 20
1t will be recolccted thar each grain of
urea is equal TO grain of carbonate of am
nonia of the shops; so that a healthy man
discharges daily about an ounce of This salt
If then other ANIMALS are affected by aye and
sex, as is the human species, then we may
say that bulls and oxen give better urine
than cows, steers better than calves, and IA
venerable old COW gives nearly as much Of
the essence Of urine as two calves.
Food affects the quantity of water, and
that acting merely to dilute the urine, rem
ders it weaker in salts for a given amount,
though perhaps not the daily amour, Of SAILS.
Srpposing the animal well fed, so as to keep
: up the wear and tear of his blood and flesh
then as the urine derives its chef value from
d the worn-out materials of the body, the at-
tual amount of urea daily discharged may be
:, the same, though the amount of the urine may
d vary considerably. We NAV increase the
n amount Of salts and acids by particular food.
but this can never be continued hong enough
$ to change materially the character of urine
u as manure. Difference Of animal has also
: IA great effect on the quality of urine. The
y more active, the greater the wear and tear OF
the flesh, the better the urine in working an
> lmals. Where the animal is stabilized, there,
y no doubt, the urine is still richer, and the
!. urine Of tattenlng animals is still more val
" liable. Hence Of all animals, commend me
u to swine, as manufacturers of ammonia -
: Cast your eye on the table Tin section 81 Of
e the amount Of urea or ammonia furnished by
: various animals. No one exceeds the hog.
: He seems specially formed by nature for this
!. Office. He eats every thing. His habits re-
IT unire very little of that class of food which
c forms flesh and blood. lie is fat.lormcr,
i a magazine of lard, real oil-butt, and de-
e mands, therefore, the food essential to form,
fat and keep up his heat. file returns, OF
n course, having little lean meat to form, (no-
: body would praise him for Mat,) having lit
= tie flesh to form to increase his size, he re-
n turns quickly the waste his body suffers, as
II inca, which becomes ammonia. But it is
Ne only the still, and quiet, and penned animal
p which gives this valuable product. Ii we
'e est amount of his mandatory, without Ia
re king into account his labor in shovelling ovel
IL the compost heap, perhaps no better rule car
'e be given, than the Shaker practice of feeding
a. will, lettuce leaves. Having little brains t,
rs replensh or build up, and not quick in hi
&C nerves, (tnr be it known to you, reader, the
eli opium of le,uce-leaves is supposed to con
IN tribute mainly to the formation of brain ant
"a nerves,) the opum-ealing hog will return
ne vast amount Of the nitrogen of his lettuce i,
re the shape Of ammonia. lfnow you add I,
IL the facts, common to the hourishmcnt o
OF swine, the aclion of ammonia on mould, as i
- has been explained, You will see, that III
$ who nrgrcts to i'll his yards with mould
ne and swine to convert il, overlooks one of Tin
e. cheapest most etfeclual, and certain mode
10 of forming manure, winch practice and theo
'S ~ unite in pronouncing the snrcst elemen
~ Of the farmers success. Not only is tn
H. quality of urine affected by age, sex, food
difference OF animal, but the season also ex
,SS erls an influence upon tins liquid. TIN
ne urine of cattle often contains ammonia read
on formed in summer, but never in winter -
as In cold weather the amount Of ammonia, o
rather the principle atlording it, is less of
II ten it is not one.half in winter what 1t is i
Ne summer. This certainly is IA misfortune /
no the farmer, who generally keeps his ca,ts
a. up only in winter; but then ii is an argu
A. mcnt also for the practice Of summer soiiins
H. Secondly, with respect TO the cTcumstan
u ces necessary 10 change urea 10 ammonia
e. or, in short words, to fully ripen urine, or +,
'Ia' make it fit manure. These also dcpen
10 upon the season, in part. 1t is to be rcmen,
80 bered, reader, that this ro,ling Of urine is on
..99st ~ fermentation. II takes place becaus
=, there is principle in urine which brings o
W. fermentation, just as it does in new eide
w. Now if il is by fermentation that urine rot
49,, it will take place, as all fermentation doe
I; best at moderate temperature. The col
-, of winter will prevent it. Hen;e your win
w. ter manure must be allowed time, as III
~, heat Of spring comes on, to ierment, that III
urine may be changedio ammonia; and ev
H., cry means must be taken to prevent ,he hea
W. rising beyond, in the manure heap, or t,,llin
~ below moderate temperate warmth. Tines
~. are the circumstances which chiefly promo,
-, the change from urea to ammonia.
r. Thirdly, in regard to the Time in whic
IL, this change will take place, it will require q
w least one month and sin weeks are bette
wv IL urine DO allowable rot for month, it iull
.,- doubles its quantity of ammonia. In fact,
=, would have contained more than double 81,
- E-..Sl,