The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-10-21


| the legal duty Of the towns. Whether, If such duty
| was imposed on them, il would result in securing
the needed relief, securing il promptly md Of
ieeunlly as Il should be, mny perhaps 'udnit OF a
question, submit whether further provision should
not be mads by law, for securing the benefits Of the
| asylum TO Nil the insnne poor within tho State.
The term Of one of the senator's of this Sinte in the
| Congress Of The United States will expire on Tho third
Of March II will, therefore, become your duty
TO elect per,on represent this State in the Senate
| Of the United States for six years from and amer
| that time
| have received from my predecessor sunday res
| ouliOns Of 0ther SiNtes Of tho Union, communicated
| 10 him with requests that they should be lad before
tho Legislature Of his State. shall make them the
! suhiHct OF II future communication.
| Thus Ear have called our attention 10 sui jectS
immediately connected with our domestic policy, and
falling exclusively, within the range Of our State leg
slalioa But constitute part Of another govern
ment, whose action vitality affects ~, us u commune
ty, aal nombGr OF the cOuicderacy. 1t il prop
or, therefore. that should devote some attention in
this communication, to the questions connected with
tho administration Of that government which
tate the country and demand tho attention Of us nll
The qneSiiun Of protection 10 American labor and
capital m their competition with The labor aud cGpi
Il! OF i1reign Countries, Is wEidh comes home 10
the business and interests Of the whole community,
Tie variety Of the soil and cuute ofnur coun-
try and Of the genius and nGlnaiions Of it, people,
plainly indicates thN diversity of employment and
putsut ~ essential 10 the fell Development nl It's ca
paClleF Tor improvements II WINS sense ul lhlS, lill-
pressed by the practical workings of foreign cOmpn'
tiion that formed leading motive to the adoption Of
the constitution. ihe'more prrfnc union of which
that constitution She bond, scarcely, in amy
respect moro important thun in the which uui
from regulations al commerce furnished for the
teractiOn OF tho foreign policy which sought to Gsab-
iish our workshops abroad, and make our people
tributary 10 the cheap labor mud abundant capital Of
other countries. This purpose Of the constitution was
carried oal in the first revenue law pissed under H.
IrpD rpli 10 I,,l,r ia,
It's memorable preamble, that the duties it imposed,
were laid "iur the encouragement and protection Of
manufactured" Aud i.there Is any policy which,
more than any other, hHs marked our history, it is
Tie pD'iry, Of which tht preamble was the earnest
u"d tho pledge. It is under ts creative power that
manufacturing es,th ishmcnt+ have sprung up in al
most every pant oithe country, sending tho pusations
Of vigorous health through all departments OF its in
dn-try. We have, indeed, suftrcd under occasional
partial suspensions Of that policy but they have
ed to show ~, what uninterrupted prosperity under
it nlis not have done Its indispensable importance
TO secure adequate encouragement and reward to Ia
Dor, n Iull Development Of the nations faculties for
improvement and a realization Of the benefits deI-
vaJe from the compact which made "ono peo-
pie"
In al tie vici,situdes Of the protective pocy,it has
never, perhaps, passed through greater peril than il
Is now encounIcring The tariff Of 1912 saved tho
protested latetests from prostitution its benefits
have been felt in revival Of business, Ioration
Of confidence adequate revenue and gegeral and
hehthIul impulse TO the labor nfthe country. But in
the midst o! these successes, it il Suddenly brought
into peril. Twelve years ago the system Of proec-
ton was put IN similar peril, by the concdent action
of notification on the one hand and betrayal by its
prolessed friends ca the other. That is the character
Of the present danger. Null fcation is true, has
lost much Of It's power bat false principles deceptive
reasoning, and disguised enmity strong, per-
hapt stronger than ever This is illustrated il the
Of efforts coufound al just distinctions in
regard to protection, and end tho unsuspecling to an
hands Of is enemies.
Thus we have the doctrine Of protection nisstlicd
and perverted, by declarations, that it consists in
''aisc3 iniaHtica for the purpose Of oay;"
with protection incident to such discrimination; and
again. that "tle true limit 0rtho right an claim
protection, is that rate Of duty ppGn any eiren Grt
Gle which w,ll yell he largest aaouRt Of rereue "
Eeyond t,!s, it is asserted, the constitution gives
power to impose duties
The hinge on which the whole protective system
turns is, the purpose for which Determinations
made in The adjustment Of scale OF duties. f"rev
enue only" il the purpose, every one familiar with
the sub jact that it will not aiurd adequate
protection to any inter est, since il is obvious that
duty given article, falling far short Of just pro.
lection 10 its rival Of American production, may be
the duty which will yield the greatest Of
from that article, by of It's greater mpor
taton under the lower duty. To subject the pro-
tracted interests 10 the operation Of such rule is TO
commit them 10 mere chance. II this Is tho "trHe
limit OF the righi aud claim protection" it is
limit within which every protected interest in the
country may be crushed. The true doctrine is, not
discrimination for revenae, with incidental protection,
but tariff for revenue with discrimination for pro-
ton Tho revenue purpose is to govern, when wo
are considering the amount Of revenue TO be raised
upon the whole OF the fmporations. No more reve-
nue., in the aggregate may bo raised, than shall be
necessary to supply the wants of the government
making tariff in this sense revenue tariff, But
while this great revenue purpose is to be KEEP, in
view and It's limit exceeded another purpose is,
also, TO be kept in view, nomelythat Of discrin
mating between different classes of atices and be-
article and another, of the class that
while, in the aggregate, raise only the required
amount, may by the discrimination, impose
high duties articles needing strong pro-
tection-moderate duties those needing less pro.
lection, and no duties on such need protection
This is discrimination for proteconhe genuine doc
rine, of which discrimination for revenue, with in
cidentn protection, is tho counterfeit.
II this false dnctriue which formed the leading
feature in the report of the committee of Ways and
Means, at the late session Of Congress- and the bill
reported by that Committee, and which stands upon
the calendar OF the House for its action at tho next
session, was the legitimate result of that doctrine.
As perpetual vigilance is the price of liberty, so it
is emphaticnly the price of protection to indus
try. We well resist the attacks Of the open en-
-, a.,