The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-10-21
Vol. 8. No. 10, Whole No. 377.

public sentiment, or nolhlHB VIII De done, VIC may
egi.Iate, and must egislnte; hut after all >, little
be effected merely by the high pressure Of Legislation
II must be adapted TO awaken md concentrate, md
give effect TO the energies Of the community, Vnd
what cannot Vermont accomplish in this matter if she
shall undertake? and what motives 10 undertake,
to persevere can be compared with those which
connected with the vast results Of the mental and MOI
al training of her children 1855
The carrying out, and periectng, of adequate
system OF educational Improvement will, OF course
involve ultimately, considerable expenditure; but
the necessity for il shall arise, will the gradually
folding benefits Of the system make tho contributions
to sustain it, easy and the burden light The expen
dlture on the part Of the State, necessary 10
mence the system, through the Agency of State
Superintendent and county Sdperntendents, need not
be great not much greater, in the language Of the
report of the committee which lave referred than
'the people Of Vermont have paid annually for kill.
ing foxes"
Vermont has an enviablo name abroad Let he
maintain it, Let her emulate the efforts Of N. York
Connecticut and Massachusetts. She ought, ndlee,
TO 60 beyond them. No State in the Union has sudh
material to work upon none that can be wrought
into more beautiful and durable monuments Of public
benefcence and liberality.
In respect TO the ultimate expenditure tina: may he
needed for the purchase Of district school ibrarea
and chemical and philosophical apparatus and globes
for making provision in the colleges and ncad emies
in separate Institutions for the teachng of instruc-
tors and for aid in the repairs and construction Of
school houses-we may hope that we shall at dis
tnnt day, possess ample means, in distrbutory
share OF the proceeds Of the sales of the public anis
|: would be an appropriation worthy the noble nhGri.
lance of freedom which, with largo portion of those
lnnds, bequeathsd" 10 by our revolutionary
fathers. 1t was, indeed benevolent and fitting ar
rangenen in the order Of Providence, that the same
severance from the parent country which gave us in
dependence give u.s. also, great domuin, capable
OF dispensing so widely the blessings OF education
and Of rendering this nation modal of cirue inte
gence, and good government for the world. w.
have dwell longer on the subject Of education than
may, perhaps, he deemed appropriate for cxecu-
tive message; hut its very great importance must 10
my apology. II ~, in my judgment, of more impor-
lance than any other ject that possibly engage
the attention Of the legislature, ... ..'-..
consideration Of the means Of developing the
mind Of the State naturally suggests the idea Of devcl
op'ng tho riches OF lis minerals and its soils My pre-
decessors have frequently recommended geological
survey of the State, in which fully concur; and in.
vie to the subject your special attention IT we would
develope mind and apply it to its great purposes we
study and nnay 1t, that we may understand its ca
pacities and powers Thus should we do with the
soil we inhabt Here are in It's daily cultivation
drawing from ii support; and Shall we remain ig-
norant OF its properties, its defects and the means OF
supplying then only rs tardy experience shall dis
close them TO Us? We want n scientific, thorough u
UNIVERSAL examination Of the various soils Of the State
involving complete analysis and classification OF the
whole, and such an exploration as sdf reach il pos.
Gblc, all the fertizing substances which can be made
available for the amelioraton Of SOILS and thn
stimulating them to their highest practicable poyer OF
production There are localities where the discovery
of bed of limestone would he more vulunbIe than
mine Of gold The same rlny be'sa;d of mari, gyp-
sum, Peut and other substances, appropriate, either
si"sy or in combination, to supply deficient clements
in unproductiYe soils
IL Is hardly necessary TO speak oc the probable de-
velopement of mineral resources, Of which we have
an earnest in our iron, copperas "copper" manganese
and other mineral treasures. .,.. ~.f..
It is needless TO say that such results will mot
DC brought out, except under examinations effected by
legislative authority AMI at public expense Such
examinations have been made by other Stntes; and
the results are before the world mean the imme-
diae results for the great pra ,tica results are yet 10
come forth in mingled mass Of behefits, spreading
themselves over the surface of our country, while
there is soil to yield its fruits TO the abors Of man
by enquiries made two years ago, learned, thar,
u that time, geological surveys had been authorized
IN every State in the Union, excepting Vermont Ala
bamn, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Illinois
The lone position oftlns classification, is somewhat
striking. II is for you to say whether we shall re-
main in this position any longer.
This subject derives great additional Importance
FROM consideration Of the emigration which mas az
some periods rapidly and still does, to consilera-
BILE extent, drain the population of State. If we
would retain our people at home, let US show them
what Vermont is, and what it is capable of becoming
as an agricultural State. .. ..." -... :,
1.-THE people could fully perceive tho Importance
oil n geological survey. doubt not they would cs-
teen 1t privilege TO be taxed once 10 AN amount
sufficient to complete the work. The whole expense
of completing, and publishing survey, would not.
probably, involve burden exceeding three cents up-
ON each individual in the State which might be
spread over t%O or more years should it be deemed
oxpedient
This subject is invested with still further itnpor.
lance from the fact, that rail roads approaching
our State--at no distant day, may hope, TO pass
through (which will greatly advance the value Of
our agricultural, aswell mineral productonst Let
us prepare TO throw into these improved channels Of
with the great markets OF the world.
the productions of soil, quickened by the applca-
ton Of agricultural science, TO doubling of its pres
ent power, and cultivated with the augmented energy
which these facilities cannot fail to excite. TFf 2
In the exercise of that which regards the in
erest oil all, you may not deem ii Inappropriate or un
necessary, to consder whether additional leaislaon
y not required (orprotec,ion against the exacons OF
unlawful interest. Our law relating to that subject
ieclares that interest shall he limited the rate Of
TX per centum per annum; and provides for the re-
covering back in action for money had and receiy4
a. or goods sold and delivered, or any amount paid
bove that rate. 1t is worthy of consideration wheh
r the remedy ought not to be extended so as to au-
horizo recovery Of the amount thus paid, by pro.
'eeding in chanery. ,,ist $50 q 'r'"'1 riti;
The law has in effect declared the taking of interest
bove six per cent TO be a wrong but il has provided