Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1844-07-12

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and bjoees. ON cabinet wares, hats and caps, whips,
brides slddl-s carriages, aud parts Of carriages,
blank books, ear hen and stone wares, an manuinc
lures Of marble; and also against the duty on wool
With t's exhibition OF the friendship Of James Is.
Polk for the laborng lrcemcn of all classes in this
country, might leave him IN their hands have |
not referred To b $ published speeches on the Tnrlil
which always brcath"d the most settled hostility TO
the whole policy Politicians sometimes speak one
way aud vote another Mr. Van Buren, always spoke
AGAINST the Tari, bat GENERALLY voted for IT, There
were several politicians OF tins school IN Congress al
the passage of the last Tariff Bat James X. Polk
never of that school. He was, IN deed as well
rs in word, on all occasions, an enemy TO protection
for the laborer. mean 10 try HIM by his acts and
his votes; and, wi houi going further, might leave
those acts and votes which | have thus exposed to
the indignant commentaries of the laborng men of
al Glasses with their friends and employer.
But purpose to do full justice TO MIR. Polk. on this
subject. The People shall not misunderstood the
extent of his hostility TO the domestic industry of his
country. On the 2Sth dnyof February, 1884, within
one year after the passage Of the COMPROMISE Mr..
Hall OF North Carolina IN the House ol Representa-
,ves of the United SDares introduced resolution, the
object Of which WAS to procure from the COMMITTEE
of Ways and Menus, report OF plan, accompanied
hv a bill, to repeal the protection guaranteed by the
Compromise, under the pfeteXt of immediately redu-
eng the In the necessary expenses OF the
government; and James X. Polls of Tennessee, who
was at that me, the chairman oil that very Com
mtcc of WAYS and Means, voted for that resolution.
There 60 ycls in favor of that resolution, aud rs
NAYS against IT, In voting for this resolution, the de.
lbcrae dcs IN of watch was violate all the pledges
given in the Compromise, Mr.. Polk was backed by
the votes Of six o the nlno members of that same
committee and by all Nuieis and ultra nnr.taIlti
men in the House. This movement sh Tvs the dssnt'
iSfacton with the COMPROMISE cherished a, an early
period by the enemies of protection They were sen-
sb!e that Mr.. Clay had irjumphrd, by the salvation of
his lnvDrto policy; and the strength OF the vote
Ggains, the solution shows how treat that triumph
was. bnt one ycSr previous 10 the introduction OF
Mr.. HALLS res pu"n II woul have passed the House
hv an overwhelming mniDrity. The votes on Mr.
= a mt rpV AT
". But the fci is that the evil spirit of the Storm
the spnit Of dsuuon which had been raised by Nu-
Eiraton, had been su' dncd by that master spirit,
which, for thirty wears, la exercised great an in
lnence IN Our publlc conn lls-Tht same master
spirit had qlclri the same demon, AT the great crisis
u the Missouri; COMPROMISE. On both occasions,
Henry Clay saved the Union; and IN the judgment of
many, IN each Of them, he saved the Un1n alits last
Els1.
But the vote % Jam K. PIX and his allies, in the
war on Domestic Industry. not the first cShbi-
lion of their lrcn an hostility to the Conpr,msr
Within SIX weeks after The passage Of the act, the EN-
ernlive of the Uniri States hernn violate its
spirit and lis legitimate construction for the purpose
ofhrenklng down oar imeric IN policy. On the ooh
of April 1888 the Secretary of the Treasury under
President Jackson !.susl his famous Treasury CrCu-
lar To oil the Offices of the customs IN the United
States That clrru ar chnt1 ned an Executive decree
nbrOgniinl Hll the specific duties and the whole
TEN Of 8,iRw2lRs IN the existing nrlii laws Under
preryt rs tprc-n from the views # all the men with
whom aCrd N the passage Of hint Jaw, any thing
the most remote lH,s nlhrdry cici declared, without
one svIl1bl" IN the act 10 support IT, that II was out
intention, III passing IT, 10 repeal these specific dlues
aud mlnlmums II Is scarcely possible that any hui
man being could have ic'n So ignorant a. not IL
know that Spsrifr duty could, at any time be wei
hsccrtanad an nd rpiorcm duty AMI that these du.
ties were convertible. Bv the COMPROMISE, we SIM
ply provided that all cyisng tiles whether specific
or dd raiorcH) should be reduced according a fix
ell ratio. l'hls outrage on the law. which, because
the Executive, whose province it was 10 collect tho
duties had porperacf it, utterly without rene
dY, proved of great injury to all those manufactures
which depcnded for protection upon the mnlIn I'M:
and specific duties.
The injury inflicted on the manufacturing inieres
did not admit of legal redress, for the friends Of pro-
lection could nO' NV any possibility bring the qnes
ton before judicial tribunal while the executive
officers refused to for collect the duties in pur
sIance OF their instructions Nothing renamed lO
us TO do but 10 submit IN silence, until the returning
sense OF justice TO the country should induce the PEG
PIE to drive the enemies of Domestic industry fro"
the high places OF the Republic.
And heIe let pause, for the nurpose Of en'reat
ing every friend Of Home Labor VIVA has ever though
Of voting snr Jama. K p liz, as pr",'lon Of the Uni
led States, 10 take warning by the example winch
have now set epre them. Ii there he such man
let him not lay the ilaeriug junction 10 his soul tina
he can save his favorite policy, while the Executive
of the United States, with the officers of the Customs
appointed by HIM, is hostile 10 tina, policy. Thel
have the collection of the duties for projections; nnt
he who would commit the lamb 10 the custody OF TN
wolf will justly softer for his own folly.
Before have done with this subject, ought Il
mention, IN tins conneXnn, whn, think is anohc
strong evidence Of The hostility of james X. Polk an
his political asSpcatts 10 the protective policy, am
other true principles OF the COMPROMISE Act. A
though they continued in power ltou, the passage .
that law unll the year l3ll, they ncrer aitemPtcd il
asnIIe Instance 10 pror|e either by protective le!
lSlaiIon or hy any Executive regulation for any mod
ocassesSi0a tie dVlies on The Uome rditation no
did they attempt Ia ass law raising the duties, pro
spoclvc.y after the 90ih OF June, 1872, 10 the rcn
wants Of the government; although they knew. n
well through the whole scss on Of Congress ofl5lO-l
as we know now. one or both of these measure
ought to BE- pro'p"cllyely adopted, to the GOV
eminent nom The danger Of bankruptcy. The prn
cple OF the Home Inlunlpl WAS sine qua non, a
the n" OF the passage OF the act with many of lhus
who, ike myself voted for i, for the purpose avowe
by me AT the time, OF saving the Protective policy
We unsdered that II vote for the duties fixed by III
act u be assessed on this principle, was essential
TO all mrents and purposes vote for Proiection an
we determined therefore, 10 compel Mr.. Cahou
and his peculiar friends IN the Senate to record ihe
votes IN The mo uu quVOca form, on the Journal /
favor Of that principle And here cannot help con
planning OF The conduct OF Mr.. Calhoun after the pas
SAFE Of tins law, and cspecliiy after the period whc
most of us friendly TO the Protective policy, who hH
voted with him for It's passage, had left The Senate
the United STATES. How well his conduct cnmpor
ed with that feeling winch became man who ha
received nj our hnnis shelter from the storm whr
threatened to ann.hate him, leave FIR HIM and o Il
who are in the category 10 determine. 7
explain hi. conduct must refer to few facts,
Whlle the motion pending amend the hi
by directing the assessment of he duties ON the hon
Calhoun repeatedly argued that the amendment W.
unconstitutional and declared that it was npDssib
FIR HIM 10 vote for Il. number OF Tariff Senator
friendly to 10 the Compromise Act, with whom va
acting IN concert including among others .-amu
Bell of New Hampshire A. Naudun, o. Deiawar
SamncI Foot, OF tonnecucut and John Holmes
Name had resolved to compel all the anti protection
ISIS IN the Senate 10 vote for that amendment IN e.
cry stage o lis pnssage, or to defeat the bill by Ia
ing It on the table, We tpresnw all the obiecrloi
which have been since made to the adoption of In
mode Of preventing cvaslDnS of the law and frauds
the reven e; aud we knew thai The amendment n
ccssqrlly ciIiod with 1t protection 20 American i
dusrry. II was an unpleasant prescription for NJ
Calhoun but II was not II adaped Ia the pecUlI
disease under which he l,hored. After he had lr
quently announced his uHatcrabe determination
vote against the amendment which he As often sa
il would be a violation OF the constitution and again
his conscience to support, a motion was made al
by hlmsef-to lsr the whole bill on the table oi
on the part Of my II jends ! aVowed our detrrmIu
ton not 10 suffer II 10 be called up. again durir
the SESSION. Al the request OF multiplying SENATE
a and