davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

A STORM BR WING.-A writer IN the
MalagOrda exaS) Despatch, IN unfolding
the true policy Of the Republic, urges the
necessity of an immediate declaration of
war against the United SIa es. This course,
he thinks. by compelling the Governmel
to invade aud conquer Tex s, would secure
annex tion-thc drift and purpose of the
sage authors lucubraiions. The necessity
Of an Immediate declaration OF war against
the United states is insisted upon to pre-
vent violent and hellIgerrnt passions having
time 10 take possession Of the minds aud
hearts of the people Of tFe respective cOun>
tIIts. Without stopping to debate the posi-.
tIons of the writer, 1t must be confessed
that the idea OF declaring wal, as measure
to preserve the good understanding and
brotherly love Of tile parties engaged in it,
is one which challenges the consideration
of the Society OF Friends" who, it is tC
he appTehended, have not been in the habit
Of regarding the subject in any such Chris
tian and charitable light. We will not re,
capitulate the array Of annOyancts nd in,
iuIies which, il is cOntended, Texas could
lphIct upon this nation were hOstiliips re-
sorted to, lest their grim numbers should
make our people afraid; but it may be vel
enough to acquint the country with the fac
that some Of our neighhOrs entertain the
deliberate purpose of walking into her af'
fections, through breach made nv cannon
ball and catapuli, that our folk may conform
themselves to the issue presented
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

PRICES OF WoMEN-CoLD AND WARN
A lovely female slave, warm from The noun
ms ofCirc ,ssia and warranted not to be-
second hand, may be bought at ConstantinI
pie for three hundred dollars. a lovely fe-
male iatue, cold from the muuntans Of Car.
rtra (and spotless as the snow. withou:
dnnbi.) was lately sold by Mr.. Power TO the
II N. William Preston, Tor three thousand
rllars. Some hing would seem TO be wrong
here-the ''clay tarifT'-or the Ottoman
protection. Or something! Various ques
I rlnns arise: Is an original roman favorilc
| article? Is The imitation BY Power of the
fabrics Of Nature g. CO. an Improvement up
on the model? Is the presence ofrhs facul
" of speech in the cheaper article anv spe
cial indication Of aprsference that can be re
lied npon in the bnyer2 Perhaps some ex
l'ensive dealer in bnIh articles will Ohlige u.
with solution Of this mercantile problem
~ Y Mirror.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
Notice is hereby Given.

' MAT the undersigned Almira Beal will
proceed 10 take the dispositions OF
Winailrd Lane and Rhode Lacy, 10 be read
IN evidence Tor the complainant on the trial
OF a certain snit now pending on the equity
side OF the Circuit Court Of Bolivar comfy
IN the state Of Mississippi, wherein the said
Alm'ra beal IS complainant and George Beal
IS defendant, at the dwelling house of said
Amira Beal in said county on the 2sih.
29'h. 3O'h and 3lst days Of December next.
when and where the said George BeaI NAV
appear If he pleases and examine said wit.
ness. ALMIRA RFAT
BY her counsel James r.. E,tIoe.
November 20ih, 1914 2l-5t.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

Coal IN CHINA.-Ihe western mountains
in the neIghhorhuod Of Pekin are remarka>
BILE for the coal they enclose. So abundant
is it, that space Of half league cannot
be traverseG without meeting with rich
strata. Yet, either because Of this very
abundance, ors from the inveterate habit
which the hinese have of leaving all things
unprotected, the art Of mining is yet in ITS
infancy amongst them. NJ chinery to Iigh.
ten labor is there unknown. They have
not even an idea of the pumps IudIspensa>
hle 10 draw off the water. If local cIrcum~
stances allow, they cut drainage galleries;
if not, they ahand In the working when the
inundation has gained too far upon them
Their system of ventilation consists in max
ing openings at certain distances, over
which they place wheels turned by men;
but these wheels, though necessarily in mo-
zion, introduce very little air into the mines.
The ma.tock, pickaxe, and hammer, are the
mining insiruments;a furrOw is traced With
the pickaxe, the mattock IS inserted and
driven in with the hammer, and in this man.
ner, Jumps Of coal are detached, weighing
from 60 lbs. to 50 lbs. Coal is at nIoder.
ate price in the capital.
Capt. Pidd ng's Chsnrse Olio.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

The REVENUE - Inc Madsonian of the
23d ult., contains the official statement OF
the revenues and expenditures Of the Gov.
eminent for the quarter ending the 3Oth OF
September last. The revenue is undoubt
edly large, being s l,225,5OO. The ex-
p, nses fr the quarter amount 10 1928 :
S44 40, in which are included large eX
prndrtures on account of the army, navy
Notifications, Indian department, pensions
&c. At the rate of $Il 100000 the quar-
ter, the national income would amount t.
S44, 600, 900 per annum.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
Capt. Pidd ng's Chinese Olio

HEMP.-This important s.apIe ofths Sec
iion Of country, in consequence of the wet
weather in the fore part of The seas n. will
WELD only about half crop; the same cause
produced a similar effect last year, when the
quantity was about II 900 tons. This sea
son there will be probably about IS 900 tons,
which, will be doubled next year if ,he sea-
son proves favorable. The Riga Rhein
Hemp is isconsidered the best for rope making.
and is the kind used BY our Government, and
the Governments of Russia, England aud
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

IowA.-The Convention n Iowa for the
formation of STATE Constitution, had IN
der discussion on rhe l2lh nlt., proposition
10 drcIre SuIlivan's line. the Southern
Bound ~ of the new State, TIE whole
matte was referred hack on The 6 instant
to the C"mmi'lee which reported it. The
Committee tow om the subject of negro
citizenship WIS referred, rep"red agalnst any
such provision IN the Constitution.
" q Bulletin.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

The statistics of Lowell manufactures
show that the whole amount Of capital in~
vested in manufactures in that place is over
Sll 100000.
Bales cotton used per annnm, 62,O4O
Pounds of wool, l,OOO,OOO
Tons Of anthracite coal, l2,5OO
Gallons Of oil, 67,s49
Spindes, 2Ol ,676
Yards Of cloth made per week, l,425,s 800
From the above table it will be seen that
there arc 1 100000 lbs. wool consumed by
the Lowell factories, and if we allow 8 lbs.
to sheep, would require for its production
over $50, 900 sheep. Now, if the tariff were
reduced to 20 per cont. OH foreign woolens,
as is proposed by some Of the locos, tn,
wooIen factories would be closed. Where
in that event, would the farmers who now
supplies them with l,OO0,OvO lbs. of wool
per annum, find market for their wooll
The number of hands employed in the
Lowell factories is s,64O. They receive in
wages 81 800 900 per annum, and consume
of course vast amount Of the products OF
the agriculturalist.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

DIED-ln this pace on Friday evening the
18Th inst, Moses T. HoFF, Esq, aged about 43
years, an old and much respected CT ZEN Mr.
H. was native Of New Jersey, hut had for .
I"ng time resided in Mississippi His relatives in
hi Native State, may be assured that every atten-
lon was paid him during long and painful i'll
ness. He was buried by the Masonic Fraternity
Of which lie useful and much beloved mem
her. OF him it may truly be said che was the
n"blesi work OF God'', an honest man.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
For SaIe at dis Offce.

A few copies Of No'es and Dissertations.
n suggested b. reading a PamphIer en-.
tilled The Unity Of rhe Church; The Min
islry; The Apostolic Succession: three dis
courses. by The RI. Rev. James Hervey
0tev. Bishop Of Tennessee" Bv Rev. A.
B LAWRENCE, A. M. Minister oF The
PRESBYTERIAN Church, of Vlcksburg. Price,
25 cents per copy.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

THE AMERICAN NAvY.-The American
Navy, at present, consists # 65 ships oi
war, of all classes, as follOws:-Sh;Ps OF the
line 10, F:igates, first class IA, second class
2, Sloops of war Is, Brigs 8, SchoOners 9,
Steamers 5.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

THE FRENCH NAvY.-The Courier Fran.
Gals says that there are now builfing in the
French dock yards 23 ships Of the line, 8
(rigatcs, 2 bugs, schooners, 10 transports
and "a steamers, with power varying flOm
80 to $50 horse.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

GOOD cHANcE.-The King Of Prussia
b S announced his intention of giving every
FIVE years prize consisting of medal
with purse Of 1000 gold crowns, fOI the
best work on the History Of Germany in the
German language
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

KEEPING PUMPKINs.-Pumpkins for stock
are best kept IN dry loft with the flooring
quite open, so as 10 allow the air to CIRCUS
late as freely as possible between them
Were ii not that they take up SO much loom
we should prefer storing them 10 a single
tier; but usually for want of this, when
large crop is TO br secured, they must be
piled upon each other. In this case, we
would recommend their not being placed
more than three or four deep. If piled
together in too large heaps, they gather
moisture and rot rapidly. When frozen,
they may be preserved long time; but they
should be cooked before giving them TO
the stock, otherwise they may dolhcm great
injury. On the whole, we prefer feeding
our pumpkins as fast as possible after riPen-
ing, and before the cold weather sets IN
They are Of cool, watery nature, and un>
less cooked, we doubt whether they are
near as hent fcial 10 anamils in frosty wealth.
er as they are when it is mlIder, or indeed
anv kind of fruit or root, though stock Of a
goad breed will usually do well upon them.
American Agri iculturGIiSt.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
CsrnIlanl,s Mngazinc.

The Dec, mbeI number Of this very ex.
cellent monthly Magazine has come to
hand, and is fully as neat and interesting as
any of the preceding numbers. The num-
Der now before US is embellished with four
superb engravngs, and completes the present
volume, for 1914. The first number Of a
new volume, for ls45, will be issued on the
10th day Of December next. We would
advise all who are not subscribers, to sub.
scribe Immediately, and we assure them
that they will! never regret it. Next week
we mill endeavor TO publish the prospectus
for the new volume.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
IRON, NAILS, TIN PLATES, &C.
Richards & Montgomery,
NO. IL, CHARITIES STREET,

NO. IL, CHARTRES STREET,
New-OrIeans,
AVE Juat received, per ships New
= hampshire, Sweden, Huron, Bombay,
Isaac AIerton; fIantpden AMI AIhambra
from Liverpool ami by various ships from
the North, large additions to tn, ir stock of
Sh fti"ld, Birmingham and domestic goods,
making their Sock Of
Hardware, Cutlery. &C.,
IS extensive, complete and cheap as can be
founu in the Southern country. Among
their heavy goods are
400 tons Swedes, Tennessee and English
Iron, assorted, ALL sizes;
5000 Swedes, Tenn. and English Plough.
share MouIds;
500 bundles hoop and band Iron;
5000 Iels best Boston Nails;
so boxes Tin Plates, of most approved
brands;
800 dozen CoIlins's Hartford, Kings, Da-
VIs's and SImmons's Axts;
500 dozen Whttemore's b,st Cards, as
sorted cotton, DOL and horse;
5000 steel cotton gin Saw Plates; also, Gin
Saw Sheet Steel;
100 tons Saver, q Cos, and other Cast.
1000 French fOts, assorted. to IOS points;
300 gals best winter strained and bleach
1000 do. do. do. Whale Oil.
1000 do. LiHseed OIL;
IS bbIs Spirits of Turpentine;
% do. hest Tanners OIL;
5 do. Copal Varnish;
500 kegs White Lead, assorted;
1000 boxes Nindow Glass, assorted xIO
aud l0x %;
10 casks Sheet Zinc;
300 keys buck and drop Shot;
1000 Jabez Kings genuine Carey Ploughs,
assorled-Nos. 1, 2, 8 aud q;
5000 dozen best Carolina Hoes, assorted;
100 pairs Cologne Mill Stones, assorted;
l2 do French Burr do:
% pieces superior Boiling Cloths, as
sorted, 6, 3 and 8;
ALSO-A general assortment Of Mill
and Gin Irons; Curriers' Tools, assert. d;
lionghton q Wallace's superior patent lard
Lamps.
Their Stock of CUTLERY is not sur,
| passed.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
The OregOm.

The western papers give US late and in
teresIing information respecting this distant
territory, and we have no doubt that we
shall soon have delegate in Congress from
il, They have already (at least on paper)
the mouth Of the Willamette, where town
lois are selling III $50 each, being (as they
say) great sacrifice, as they are valued at
tull S2U0! Pork is worth 10 cents; beef
cents; potatoes 40 cents; flour S4 per
hundred, butter 25 cents; cattle f.om $50
to $3.50 each; aud horses the same. A herd
OF one hundred young COWS driven over the
mountains would bring $4, 900 cash la rare
chance for drovers. We would advise our
friends on the upper Missouri TO look TO
Oregon for a market, rather than TO New
Orleans; the distances of the two places be.
| ing about quail from our frontier settlements
this side Of Lhe Rocky Mountains. II cost
of transportation Of produce were the same,
1t would be quite another affair Wild
| fruit and fowl and fish are very abundant;
good goose sells ioI s rifle charges OF
powder, and large salmon for 4-cheap
enough. Mill privileges without number
wood and timber plenty, some of the trees
growing three hundred feet high Grass
on the pralries all the year round-a grand
country this for sheep; land good, and pro
duclng we'll of wheat, corn, &C., &C.; eli.
mate mild, Iight-snows only in winter
which melt as fast as they fall. Laborers
wages 81 so to SIS so per day-a blessed
country for the poor man. Such is the fiat
teung account we have from the emlgrant:
OF tn, Or gon Who will MOI take the rlsb
of being scalped hy IndIanS, or d, voulec
by gIIsIy bears, TO cay nothing of sustaining
innumerahle hardshIps for s ccessr o
years, aud living free from all moral anC
f civil restraints, to emigrale to the Ultima
Thule or jumping off place of the El Do
RADIO of the final horders of the great illimi
table ives. Anne ican Agriculfuralist.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

For the last FIVE months the American
B ble SOcie,, has issued forty thousand cop-
les per month. Bibles. neatly bound, are
furnished by The Society to such as purchase
them, at i,0eniy fUe cents each, and Testa-
nents a. sir cents each.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

RATH COMMONWEALTH is stated that
the late King Of Sweden left private for>
tune Of SIC O0O,0OO.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

OT The Naval Depot at Memphis, we
understand is soon 10 be commenced The
site is said to possess great natural adVan
tages, situated as it is in the heart Of ar
extensive and fertile cotton region.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

BEAUTIFUL EFFECTS OF MILLERIsM.-
Ii is stated in an exchange paper that 26
pei sons are now in the Insane ASYLUM at
Brattl, borough, New Yolk, in const quence
of insanity brought upon them by Miller
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

MARRIED-in Holmes county. on Thursda,
rv. .nlng, The 2lst INST by the Rev. w. E. Hole>
Mr. NATHANr PERRY, Of ihls CITY, TO Miss LOUIS,
Mason, OF the former place
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

SHIP BUILDING.-It is stated in New
York paper, that larger number Of ships
are now being built at that city, than was
ever before. One firm have nine vessels
on the stocks or under contract.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

OPPos AT LAsT.-The abolitionists ol
the ST. Congressional district in Massachu~
setts, think John Quincy Adams not suffi-
ciently strong in the faith for their purposes,
and have nominated General Howe for Con
gress in opposition to him. We had thought
that Mr.. Adams was The very man for them,
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

INDIAN WAR IN TExAs.-We see It stat
ed in some Of Oul exchange papers, that In
dans from the United States have made an
incursion into Northern Texas, on the
Louisiana border; and that the military
around Natchiloches have been ordered out
to defend the neighborhood.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

OF Well, James X. Polk is elected Pres.
ideni! and we will have to live for four
years longer under government Of misruIe
and corruption. So prepare for the worst,
for wen be certain to have it.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

PARDoNED.-We learn from the Missouri
Reporter, that all the prisoners concerned
in Chavis murder, have beer pardOned BY
Accidency 1yler.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

New MExICo-War had broken ont be-
tween The New Mpxicans aud the tribes of
EItaw indians who live around Thaos. Ear
" in September, six of the EntaW chiefs.
accomp MED by one hundred warrionrs. visit
I'd Santa Fe to obtain from Governor Marti
neZ restitution for deprt d iinns committed
last spr ny on their people. by Il tipping par>
Iy Of Spanards under Pur Glance, in the
neighbnuh hood of the Salt Mountain. Tie
SIX chietS being IN audience with the Cover
nor in lis palace, expressed themselves dis.
sIIshed with the presents offered to them,
aud the leader attempted to pull The Cover
nor from his seat by the hair, wkereupnn
Matinee, seizng his sab =, xii ed two of
them. and he other four were dispatched b,
the guard vino rushed in. The h nCred war.
rlOrs IN re reaung TO their village massacred
Twelve Mexicans, and brisk war between
the Two nations was anticipated.
Col Owens, of Independence, arrived at
Santa Fe in advance of his wagons on the
18th of September, and was received with
2reat eclat by The citizens. The wagons al
Mrssrs. Bent and ST. Vrain were at Walnut
creek ON the Sd OF October. DIR. Connell,
with his wagons, bound TO Chihuahua, at Ash
creek on the 9th. and MIR. Speyers at the
Usage Camp on the Arkansas, 35 miles in
his rear. All these expeditions were travel-
ling vigorously ahead, and had met with nc
serious obstacle or delav
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

How WOULD 1T DO Nowl-In the year
1917, proclamation was issued IN Eng land
that women should not meet together TO
babble and talk, and that all men should
keep their wives in their houses.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
REVOLUTIONARY NAVY In the RevOlu.

REVOLUTIONARY NAVY In the Revolu.
ton the American Navy appears TO have
attained its greatest strength not long after
The commencement Of the contest. III Octo'
her, l775, there were twenty>four captains,
commanding vessels Of from ten to thirty.
two guns. After that period, the few adj
additions were insufficient to compensate
for their loss. But IN 1868, and thence
forward through the war, the naval power
of France was on the se Of the United
States, and partly supplied the want of a
maritime force Of our own.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
LOST.

- y - n
the subscriber on Saturday night the
10Th of October, between Yazoo city
and my house, fine rife barre! PISTOL,
hal' stocked, mounted with German Silver.
with hook on. the guard have under
stood the Pistol was found by negro and
sold 60 his master. The gentleman. if he
IS one. will confer favor on me by calling
on me and leaving il, and any reasonable
reward will be paid. II was given me by
a near relative on death bed. and | value
II on that account There are private marks
which will describe before seeing it and
can also prove il by several Of nv neigh~
bors. E. C.. WILKINSON.
Nnverher s, 1874 lS-tf.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

France; and still our hemp is superior 10 the
Riga, which costs 5000 ton, while ours
will bring only $l20: the reason is, there.are
not pains taken to make it clean, and too
much pains to get long staple; from q 10 3
feet is sufficiently long for the machinery in
use in making rope a little mure pains taken
in clearing il Of the Tow, will vastly increase
its value in market-St. Louis Gazette.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29
NOTICE.

WILL, at the November Term, 1874. Of
- the Probate Court of Yazoo county. make
a final seitlement with said Court as admins
IsraIor ct ;he Estate ef Stephen E. Miller
deed WM. G. MILLER, Admir-.
November 8. 1914. 1a-a.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

EPISCOPAL MISSIONS To CHINA.--We are
gratIied to learn that the late General Cons
vention of the Episcopal Church, determIn~
Ell TO establish MISSION in China with a
Bishop at IT'S head. 1t was voted to raise
$4O,OOO for its endowment. We wish it
all success. Encouragement is derived
from the statements Of an intelligent Eng
ish gentleman, Captain Pidd, n, connected
with the army, and who has recently re-
turned from that country. He says writers
OF all dynasties have written better and more
clearly Of God, Providence, the rewards o
the good, and the punishment of the wick.
ed, and also Of the madness of idolhry
than the wisest Of the Greek and Roman
writer's. N. Y. Eue. Mirror.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

FROM MALAGA AND GIBAALTAR.-The
schr. Isaac Franklin, arrived yesterday in
forty eight days from Malaga, and thirty.
four from Gibraltar. The political state
Of Spar, as understood at Malaga, was
quleI; business improving; fruit and wines
dear; fire light was Offering but slowly. A
United States corvette touched at MaIaga
hound up the Mediterranean. The Isaac
Franklin lay tn ee days at the Rock, home
bound; several Americans IN port; no shlu
Of war. There was party working at the
wreck Of the United States Steamer Mis-
souri,; but slender hopes were entertained
Of getting her up; the weather being bois
ferrous, they could not communicate with
any facility either with the shore or ship,
ping.-N. Y. Herald.
A woman, destitnte Of morals, will be
more aucIOus in her vices than man. Dev,
lis weie made from angels.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

THE NEW SLooPs Of -WAR.-The twenty.
seventh Congress having made an appIopri.
alton for the increase ofthe Navy, SIX sloops-
Oi>war, of the first class, were order, to be
built, under direction Of naval cOnstruc.
tors, AID to be named after the towns ffst
settled by the emigIanIs TO the New World
namely, jamestown, Albany, Gfrman.
town, Portsmouth, Plymouth aud ST. Mays.
The keel of the ST. Mary's (launcheh on the
23d) was laid in the month Of June, l843,
but owing to an exhaustion of the first an,
prOprlatiOn, and the unavoidable dt lay in
obtaining dItlonal funds, she has just been
completed. Her length is one numbered
aud so feet between pcrprndIculars, b eadlh
thIrty-sIx feet, eighteen feet hold, twelve
huuOrcd tons burden, aud is pierced for 26
guns. Her beautiful model was designed
by Col. Brodre. The rlgglng aud armament
are ready, and We learn that she can be
prepared Tor sea in lout four weeks.
NddiSonian.
The Yazoo City Whig., 1844-11-29

The exports of cotton goods from New
York from the lst to the 22d Of October
were 1851 packages.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1844-08-25

IMPORTANT ARREST AT CINCINNATI The Gin
clnnatl Commercial gives the following account
ofa highly important est made in tina, cit, :Marsha
Satin and Constable Hurst arrested Saturday after
noon, Joseph L. Tincher Esq, who 10 now in jail, for
having large quantities Of counterfeit money In his pos
session. also plates and other utenss Tor making Indiana
Tennessee. Kentucky, and Missouri money Also those
we'll executed Wheeling SIS by Mr. II $ Goodman & Co
These officers have been indefa gable ia ferreting
his msu and those connected with him This TinchtI
Is the same person arrested by Mr. Sin ~ New Albany
Indiana some year or two ego for counerfeng but go'
clear there by freak OF the law He 10 said to be Tho
rnglrsder Of all oonntereiing going on in these paris
The officers above mentioned recovered about S4 90
spurious money in tincher's house, situated Fiiih
street Stone street. and supposed he burnt arg
quantities while they were getting in as the ashes wee
ound with ends of bills them The plates were found
IN stable belonging TO Tinchers house Several yer,
important cuments secured from Tinchers per.
The counterfeit money which taken Ia prime
paly SIS Of the Merchants and Mechanics Bank o.
Wheeling, well executed, Kentucky 2os very good, Ten.
nesee 20s well executed pla;e entirely In thu Sc
parts, also Missouri and Indsna 5s, los and aOs Tb
documents found this Tncher reveal the most inpor
tan information which will lead uneIringy to the
and conviction Of persons little suspected Of rackns
in counterfeit moneyoll Of which will be brought about
in the proper time This is mporsnt police
ment az hes tIansprcd in the west Lok out for start,
ling developments