The New York herald., 1844-10-19

| american Anstitute-Anniversary Address.
| Last night being appointed for the delivery Of
the anniversary address, the Tabernacle was
denseiy crowded at half past O'Clock, by the
beauty, fashion, wealth and intelligence Of this
city The New York Sacred Music Society was
present, and added greatly to the services of the
evening by their admirable performance. The
President Of the American Institute commenced
the proceedings by shor, address, in the course
OF which his succlnct but forcbe statement Of the
prosperity Of the body was repeatedly cheered.
The Hon. A. IL STEWART, OF Virginia, was in
troduced as the orator on that occasion. He began
by candid avowal of being the subject OF mingled
gratitude and apprehehsion-of the first, because
of his selection 10 that proud postlon of the lat
ter, because the extent and qnaiy Of the audience
and because the subject to be treated of was diff
ferent from those with which his pursuits
and duties in life, made him familiar He
was aware aware that ne was more indebted to
that honor, for he could not but attribute il to
the determination of his northern friends to
connect the bonds OF union between the North snd
South, and OF which their selection of a southern
man. was an indication. Mr. s. dwelt at some length
upon the salutary influence exercised by the Amer.
can Institute upon society generally, upon the graft
flying spectacle presented at the fair, and then en-
tered into long, elaborate, and able disquisition
upon "the rights privileges, and duties Of the la
boring man of America" In doing so, he ad-
vanced his firm resolve to avoid investing his re-
marks WIN any thing OF party complexion, and
to nter into details as little as possible He felt II
necessary, however, to institute contrast between
the condition OF the laboripg class in Europe and
America, IN connection with which he tsOk com
prehenslve historical review of the laws, civil and
social institutions of those countries tracing them
to the old, severe, barbarous feudal system,
which originated with the barbarians Of the NORTH
TO preserve their hordes from utter anarchy, after
their demolition of the Roman empire. The happy
freedom from the law of primogeniture, entails,
hereditarysuccessson, and all the remnants ofthe old
system was adverted to, as Illustrative of not only
the wisdom evidenced in the formation off this glo-
riops republican system, but of the incomparaby
superior position of the American laborer to that
OF any other in the world. In retracing the slow
but certain progress OF liberty and popular power,
againstis resolute and determined foes, Kings, an
Arlstocracy and Priestcraft, the inquiry was car
ried back to periods antecedent to the cesson OF
Magma Charta, which Mr.. S considered was not
the cause, but the consequence of pre-existing
rghts-not the first origin of constitutional liberty,
but declaration OF great principles that were be-
fore asserted IN the several municipal charters of
cities and towns. In all this there was good evi-
dence, that to the industrial classes the world is in
debted for the first dawning offreedom.. Cspitals
and labor were then examined, between which
there was no antagonlsm, but mutually depend
ent and intimate relation, whose equpoise not only
was essential to the prosperity, but determined the
character OF the government OF a country. Atthis
point the subject of protection was taken up and
argued with great ingenuity, with the con-
viction, he said, that although there was Pc
rod where he would hesitate to make it a topic
for popular assembly, it was not so now; for in
stead OF question Of party, he now regarded it
as an American question. Mr.. S. next took up the
subject feducation, which with protec ection formed
the two great obligations which government owed
to the people, and ended with very beautiful allu-
sion to the precedents which are found in the
conduct Of the great men of other days, and the
duties OF American citizens to initiate, and perpet
uate them, and at all cost preserve the Union
in its entire integrity.
Mr. Stuart's address occupied an hour and half
nearly, and ELECTED repeated, frequent, and most
hearty rounds of applause.
The President again made few remarks relative
to the proceedings to-day, and announced that the
visitors who had already visited the Fair amounted
solicitation Of many friends, it would continue
next week. After parting piece by the choir, 10
whom highly complimentary alusion was made
by the President, the meeting separated at 10
o'clock