Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1844-09-12

and | hope they will enjoy il forever.
Look al the coasiing trade of The United
States, so vast 10 its extent. IL lis en-
liirely confined 10 American shipping -
But uhy thus conGnc il, Why not let
~ other sbips---al other ships Which
wish 10 come In, the Dane, the HIan "i
he lianse Towns and oi Hamburg, with
heir cheap means of nayig cation: why
not let them, II they wish, become carr
era between New Orleans aud New
York and Boston, Why not, if YOU sup.
port the system Of free trade, why not
cary II out? BE impartial. We say
YOU have no more night To Woieci the
carrying trade than any other mode OF
carrying on traffic among the people, and
yet the coasing trade Of the Unicd
States employs hail our tonnage, is Il
close monopoly TO American shipwrght,
and sniIors, and 80 NAV It ever remain.
But, ahrn | say that, and nobosJ
complains OF u, but every body SAYS II II
right and should be 80, when we come "a
| he Government and ask them 10 protect
The ha,-maker, or boot maker, and all lh'
workers 10 brass aud all the various me
rhauic arts oi the country, ar the man
who makes cloths on n larger scale, iheu
! is raised the outcrv of "Free Trade'
and Down with Prolcctionr And some
rmes, ! am very sorry Ia say, this cry
comes from the cities, from the exchan.
ges, though not always, and recently
thank God, not often. But sometime.
! Il comes from those people who have
long enjoyed, and Justly enloyed, aud
Nho have been enriched, honestly en-
richcd, by this monopoly Of the whole
cOasllng trade oi the country.
Wen, how did Congress treat these
applications from the cities Of New York
and Baltimore, to extend prnieciion To
the mechanic arts II granted them !
1t yielded to it. And, except the formal
act Of taking the oarhs, the very first
act passed by Congress was 10 secure
the coasling trade aud protect the me-
Irhanic arts, by discriminating duties,
and dos carrying out The clear, and
according To historical testimony, the
most manifest object 81 the Constitution.
Now, gentlemen, know | weary you
with these details. Bat if public dis
cnsslon Is worth anything, If We mean To
exercise the elective franchise inielli-
genily, il seems 10 me we must 90 back
and drink deep of these original iounda-
tons oi Legislation and administration
will call your attention, then, To the
history Of the first Act ever passed BY
Congress, eXccp, the one concerning
oaihs.
That Act was entitled "An Act tnI
make provision for the necessities of
Government, the pay ment OF the nu'inn-
nj debt, and the Protection of american
.NanydciWes.' Aye, the very term on
the face OF the act, Is lhat derIded and
now 81 much abhorred word, Protection.
There IT is on the parchment record of
Congress, and on the paper record of
statute books. Ii caG't be erased, and
It shan't be erased
Now, gentlcmen, Congress, as I have
mentioned, assembled, aud the House
ol Representatives, formed a quorum on
the first day Of May, 1889 /, was jus,
before the spiing imporiaions the
treasury was empty ; the debt nUprovi- |
ded for, there was not money enough Z,
IN hand 10 pay the expenses of members
DG Congress, and Mr.. MADIsov, who
ook great and admirable lead in the
business Of the day, introduced a measure \
into Congress 10 Law the necessary im-
posts, aud IN the emergency of the mo- I
nj h, "A 4,
aw, laying specific duties for revenue
~ well a. for protection, but y general
iw, laying u general average duty, 80
much per cent, on all articles. lie SAID
he principle must he regarded. The I.
general rule was doubtless that of free
ection, and 1t must be followed until all
dher countries adopt free trade. He i
Urged upon Congress the passage Of /
iw 10 raise y little money, without going
ntG the 'ropo,iliun Of specific dlSrrlmrna- /.
~ duties, article by article. He urg-
d 1t with his accustomed power, ability .
nd authority, and no man IN the House F.
ad cGna! authority.
But the . House of Representatives
leadlly, and ,rnrdIlv, finally aud TO the .
nd, refused any such course OF pro- .
eedlng. They snit, "NO We will .
Gym, on this subject ot LAY, ing duties on /
IMPORTS, as We Intend TO go on. Now,
ere, to-day, We wliliakc up The list of .
.oods, article by article, as requested IN
he New York petition, and on some 4
,e viii lay hghtcr aud on some we wa
ty heavier duties we will discriminate,
ud We will makr this discrimination I
With view, while ausN ering tie de-
nands OF the treasury, to protect The iu-
IuStry and answer the expectations Of
ur owG people" And they voted down
'lr, Madison x proposition. Mr. Madl- II
on himself, who never denied the prln-
Iple, came into the mrasure, and pui his
reat talents To work on the bill, aud II
assed the House, aud stands now upon
he statute book, bearing upon us face,
) one Of It's objects, the protection OF
american lnGu-try, aud adopting the
rue and lawful, aud only true aud Just, 4
iscrlnlnation, IN laying duties, spe-
Iic per cent. Ia
And now let me- say, AT that iimo this
'as no local question. The North was
ot one way upon It and the South anoth-
r 1t was supported by the South as
ell as the North a gentleman from
'irgInia Insisted that coal ought 10 be-
rolecied. IL
\ gentleman from South Carolina said
at lRere were rice fields ia that State 4
eyond what were wanted, and thai
ey were adapted 10 the raising hemp,