The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1844-12-28

by the election OF Mr.. Polk the chances OF a war
have considerably augmented, and France must
take that contingency into prompt ahd very Seiio"s
AS it regards the Tariff, we must guard against
illusions We believe that the U States have pre-
maturely entered into the protective system. Inc
Federal revenue has augmented beyond Inc ex-
penditurr, therefore that state OF things appear 70
us the most favorable for return TO mere moder-
ate duties and the interest OF England, acc~rding
with ours in this particular, we have no dplomaIlc
difficulty TO fear. However, we don't expect much
more from Mr.. Polk than Mr.. Clay-from tne de-
mocrats than the wings. The United States Tore
see that one day or other England VIII seek her
supply Of cotton in India; "then what WIZ we 90
with ours" say they, "if we have not IN the North
manufactures capable Of consuming the products
OF the South We require great internal market
and this market we can create only uhoei tne
regime Of protection. This theory, IKE all me
theories in the world, may eIr IN exagsefation,anu
as all nations begin precisely by pushing principles
to extremes II is not p,O )able that the Americans
will consent. without long experience, TO reform
their Tariff within just limits, We nave 10
ask il from them, and that with despatch, bnt mol
counting TOO much on immediate success here
there is a great political fault 10 avoid 10 naval
war the superiority Is on our side, II We nave the
Uaied States with US That - thought mat
should ever be- present with us, when We negotiate
on any matter Whatever with the Union. Let us
defend our commercial interest with tlrmness, but
up0n the Texas question, aud that OF the lam,
lei US not mix our affairs up with those OF Ufea'
Britain The English, In every struggle, Naval OF
Continental, are our enemies, the Americans Our
frirnds-let us never forget that.
This leads us 10 state our opinion on the prona-
BILE consequences Of the election OF Mr.. Folk. We
believe the greater portion OF French journals nave
attached an interest to It il does not possess II
was the democrats who administered the govern
ment under Mr.. TYLER; it is the democrats who
are to do so with Mr.. Polk there will not there
f~pa kon dan rnItf
not think any decisive measure has been taken
either in relation to Texas nor Oregon, nor IN re-
lation TO the tariff. The statw quo will be imposed
upon the new administration. The real power re-
remains as It ls-that is two years from ths-Ihe
efforts of Mr.. Polk will be paralyzed In the House
Of Representatives there has always been strong
majority IN favor OF the actual tariff, whilst the
repei Mr.. Folks Efforts in favor Of annexation with
double energy-hrst, for the purpose OF satisfying
their resentment; and again. because IN me pre-
sent composition Of the Senate resides the only
power that remains In their party.
The opposition of the wings to annexation and
to the repeal OF the tariff, will not be- the only
things the new administration will encounter. II
has e.uoited majority only by sort OF compro-
party, and the dlscord will not fail to burst forh
over the division Of the spoils. Mr.. Polk, whose
character is very honorable, who has been Cover
nor of Tennessee and President OF the Senate,
lSpCdhcT vi tue ElOuSC huu VIII, consequently, 70
possessed Of business habits, is man Of great
good sense, and true hrmness; but perhaps he IS
not entirely equal to his pos tion. Every thing,
then, leads to the belief that Mr. Calhoun, whose
Of Mr.. Polk, will remain as Secretary OF State
and he will want all his ability to emerge from the
difficulties which encompass him.
The election OF Mr.. Polk shows above all, how
influence Of men Mr. Van Buren, and Mr. Cass
were, personally, far more cherished by the demo-
cratic party than Mr. Polk they would have
brought to II greater dignity, and greater talents
common cause. But, il the democrats have not
hesitatea TO sacrifice to Mr. Polk, the most emil
nent OF their party, the States-even those which
have elected him-will never sacrifice to him their
general interests.
From the " Commercerl
In France, people are. INDUCING in the strangest
illusions upon the opinions expressed by, and the
spirit which anmates the great political parties o.
the United States. Most frequently they are Judg-
ed OF by. the names they bear. Between them and
the parties which exist amongst US an imaginary
brotherhood is established. II is in that way that
the edterJ of tn Journal des Debats have, for long
time, recognized Mr.. Clay as the champion OF their
doctrines.
On the other hand, the National says yesterday
-"the election OF Mr. Polk Is the triumph of the
principles we defend" II may be affirmed that
such language would astonish the wings Of Ameri-
Ca much as the democrats.
tendency TO restrain the action of the masses, and
on the contrary, tie democratic party inclines TO
leave il unrestrained But Il will be seen that be-
tween two opinions the difference must be slight,
which both admit in theory and practice, the dog
ma OF the sovereignty OF the people What dvoIl
conservatives they are whose movements are con-
formed to universal suffrage
In what, then, do the two great American par.
ties chiefly differ from each other In a point
which has no analogy in our local politics. They
are dlsputIBg upon the question rs TO whether the
federal government shall have more power or the
individual States more Independence. In tracing
their tendencies, the first would lead to max ng
the Americans one and the same people whilst,
according to the other, the independence Of each
OF the States comprising the Union should MAN.
tain itself and increase. Such is the real field Of
battle upoH which these two parties meet. Nov,
observe how doubtful il the simitude between
names One Of the principal features al the demo
cratIc party IN France-acknowl lodged by itself-ls
to wish the strongest and most centralized national
government possible everything which can tend
nearly or remotely towards federalism is repugnan nj
to il. What IL admires is the omnipotence OF the
Convention; the independence Of localities has not
a greater enemy
Ga the contrary, the principal trait of the demo
cratic party OF the United States is its immeasure
able abundance IN federal principles lis conlinu
Gus effprts TO secure the predominance Of local
governments over the central one, and Its incs O.
SAINT abs faction from the last q some one ot the
weak prer0gatives given II by the constitution SC
that II II were required TO compare the party repre-
scented by the National in France, TO one Of the
two American yartee. IL must be confessed tina In