davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
poVk and Protection.
liar what Senator Swift says. !

~, Roniumin swift, of st. Adams, formerly
II" .rvormont in the u. S. Senate, at recent
'. ,.,;o, in 81. Adams, made political speech,
p''| ,ook occasion to say, that he had been nlI-
""'"" committed with Mr. Clay for years, and
~'''H assertions of his opponents that he was nm
"'" NAL man, were FALSE from beginning to end;
"' wv. ,new them to be so, from personal knowl-
edge. c,.,,oI ;n,o,r;,,, ooon or
|..,,l and religious character. And shall we
w. l., his testimony rather than believe the SLIM
Nv Nv, = soch foul spirits as Amos Kendall MIR
.,o ga. also we'll acquainted with james X. Polk
!, .,,,d 70 his conduct aud opinions upon the Thrift
a, ,omar ked as reported in the Messenger, las fol-
Ogs'
N, sViN snid in relation to the views Of Mr. Polk
n, Tariff that Mr. Polk's vote and speeches were
.,,uo opposition 10 the PRoTEcTIvE Policy.
,,,u,o, personal know ledge of the natter" said
,tSrN, "and being acquainted with the political
.,o,s,f Mr. Polk while we were both in Congress,
A ,,o that in no instance was he ever found to be
,,b, advocate Of protectire tariff Any one who is
disposed 10 doubt this statement may examine the
lrcn,,essionaI Debates and Journals in my library
,,Dd he will find Mr. Polk has always been an I'M
,apching enemy to the interests Of the North" 81
,,p,e Then, (said Mr. 81 Notwithstanding the de-
,sDlve statements put forth in the Polk journals in
III, North, that Mr. Polk is not friendly TO Tariff
hyn, for lis object PRorEcTIoN TO AMERICAN
ISpusTRY.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
Wings One and All!

Take the following excellent hint--from the New
ark Advertiser and post up,where you will see it,
night and morning, every day. fOnl this time till the
victory is won .. ....
sEJ@IIalf the secret Of success lies in the power
ofthe wI-the might of an inhexible spirit, deter
mined to surmount every obstacle and brave every
danger in good cause Such is the temper Of the
noble 'Fennesseans who made the resolutions
1. Resolved, That we can elect CLAY and FIRE.
LINGRUYsEN. .. .
2. Resolved, That we will
Let these: RESOLUTIONS be every where adopted by
the Wings, and the work is done.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
Tailoring, at Lower Waterford,

TENHE subscriber would just say to the inhabitants
n Of Waterford and vicinity that he has returned
from N. York with the latest Fashions. AMER hav-
ing spent considerable time in the ia fashionable
shops in New York, no is ready 10 say that he
and will do his work in the hest and most fashionable
style. He is determined to be outdone il equaied
IN the country His customers will fnc him in his
shop early and late, and his nerves will I've 10 sua'
lion for business at any time. Work done on short
notice and precisely at the time engaged.
Particular attention paid to cutting and fitting for
Others 10 make. All garments made by him war;
rantcd to fit, and made to stay. He hopes by sobri'
city ,honesy and industry be sustained by the pub
lie. Money and most all other kinds of country pro-
ducc taken for pay except cabbage.
J. Q. HoYT.
Waterford, August 27, 1914, Slows"
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
Gray'S Patent Horse Power.

VVNHE subscriber takes this method TO inform the
a. people of Caledonia County that he the
right Of making, selling and using the above named
Horse Power in said County. This Horse Power
is considered the cheapest, most durable, and best
article of the kind now in use, They manufac-
tured at II. Padiock's Machine Shop and of his best
Iron. The rods which connect the gearing and
which form the bearings COR the rollers all made
Of cast steel, in fact every part of the machine is
made of the best materials nd in the most workman
like manner. WILLIAM CARTER in.
REFERENcEs-Messrs T.. SS Il. Fairbanks 81 Co.
Huxham Paddock,
.. .. Amasa kasson,
Jos. Hutchinson,
..1 . joel r. Doc, Dnnville,
..a.t .. A. S. Webster, Lyndon.
St. Johnsbury, Aug. 81, 1914. 370if
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
Cl ay CT u b i.
The ST. Johnsbury Clay Club will meet at the
Centre Village, on Saturday eve Aug 81, half past
o'clock. A full attendance is desired.
WIN NC C. DICkERMAN, Sec.

NOTICE. The Anniversary Of the Caledonia
County Bible Society will be holden at Lyndon on
Thursday, September 5, at 10, A NJ.
The Rev. Thomas GoodwilIie of Barnet VIII preach
n sermon appropriate to the occasion in the forenoon.
ALP VI. the society will meet for business and
to hear addresses from several gentlemen nlerspersed
with religious exercises.
The attendance OF the friends of the Bible cause OF
all denominations s earnestly and respectfully solicit
ed By order Of the Directors,
Ut 'o1' II. G. HAND, Secretary.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
Unparalleled Revolution !~~l5OO Men
/. Leaving Polk and Texas!
THE OLD KEY STONE IN MOTION.

One of the largest popular gatherings ever had in
the interior Of the State took place the 18th ult.
at Carlisl e, in Cumberland County ,Pennsy lvania-
When it is remembered that the borough Of Carlisle
small inland town, surrounded by country
sparsely inhabited, and wholly agricultural, and that
it is hemmed in on both sides, by ranges Of noun
tains, the numbers assembled in Convention, this
OCCASION seem almost Incredible The Harrisburg
Telegraph says-"it astonished everybody, Wings
well as Loco Focos. II is represented az being the
largest meeting held in the interior Of the State,
expecting that Lancaster, in 1910; and numbered
from eight TO twelve thousand, amongst whom
were at least FIFTEEN HUNDRED STRAIT
OUTS, who have recently abandoned the cause Of
Loco Focoism, Polk and Free Trade, and go for
Markle, Clay and Freiinghuysen, protective Tariff
and Wing principles and measures. Neither pen
nor tongue can portray the imposing array OF the
Wing Mass gathering That patriot and honest man,
Elk Governor Ritncr, was chosen President, with
seventy -eight Vice Presidents, s. twenly-eight Sec
retaries. The meeting addressed by Charles 5.
Gibbons, Esq of Philadelphia the Hon James Coop
Ell, the Buckeye Blacksmith and others several speak,
ers addressing the multitude at the same time.
SALT RIvER.-It is said there is to be a mass
meeting the Loco Focos al the head of Salt River
in November, Mr. Polk is to preside the occa-
sion. ID .a.r,.I .r5 aHi baltimore Patriot.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
STATE OF VERMONT.

......Ht. t..f DISTRICT ORLEANS IS.
The Hon. the Probate Court for the District
of Or!ennsro all persons concerned in the Els,
tate of Charles Kingsbury, late Of Derby, in said
- district. deceased. ..' 'as Greeting.
XNTHEREAS, DAVID NJ. CAMP, Administrator
wv of said decesaed, proposes to render an ac-
OF his administration, aud present his account
against said estate for examination and allowances at
a 81 sson of the Court of Probate, to be holden at
Irashurgh on the Sd Wednesday,, OF September next.
Therefore, You nre hereby Motif ID to appear be-
fore said court ut the time and place aforesaid and
show cause If any you have, why the account aforo
said should not be allowed. .a. ,-.-f ID. ..a.-l
Given under my hand at Irasbursh this 2sth day
of August A. d. ls44. rs. ...i
37Ow3 GEO. NYE, Judge.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
A Child SO hideOus that no one dare
sa father il,

The ocos are circulating pamphlet called ga
Short Expose, which is untrue, so false, 30 abb
surd, and so wicked no one owns It. 1t is without
father or mothor--a poor wretch-born out of time,
and sent forth 10 deceive tho people. One thing
should be remembered; tit 10 such shameful ntlar
that they did venture send il abroad till just be
fore election, when they hoped to escape detection
See under the head in this paper '.he last card Of
locOlocoism -
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
&Msasai sRA&R@a

In this town, Aug. 90, Rev. B. M. TILLoTsoN
TO Miss GORILLA BUTLER.
In DanViile, Aug, IA, by Rev. s. Chanberlain,Mr
Person Trne, of Derby, Miss Roansa Kelsey of ID.
Ia Peacham, ON the 9th uIt., by Rev. II. Bed
ford, MIR Harvey Lyford to Miss Sarah j. Martin,
both Of Peaehau. .N ISL. 'r-L
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02

on tho f4ih inst by the suid Bailey, insisted by
Justice OF the Peace IF the facts correctly stated
the Justice is liable to punishment under The
Act Of last yeor concerning personal Liberty"
..... mi. I..H. ,H. ..'r WSadSor Chronicle.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
Essex Awake!

There was grand meeting. wo learn, Of the true
hearted Wings of Essex Mt Lunenburgh, last We'd
] aasay Something nearly a thousand people were
oaL Md Eae addressed by F. FAIRBANKS, and
WIS Of EMsr
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
PemcEaSnn Collectors Notice.

VIE nonresident propricoTs Of the town of Peach
am in the County Of Caledonia hereby no.
lihed that the taxes assessed by said town, A. ID.
1912 and within the year preceding this date
main either in whole or part unpaid on the follow
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
Collectors Notice.

THNIIE non resident proprietors Of the town Of
u Charleston in tire County of Orleans, are hereby
notified llat the tax-s assessed by said town within
the year next preceding this date remain either in he
whole in part unpaid the described laIds in said
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02

And so much Of said lands viii be sold al public Ven-
due at the Inn Of Abram Brown in said Peacham,
the ist Thursday of October next al O'Clock in the
forenoon shall be requisite TO discharge said Taxes
with costs unless previously paid. .'
SARGENT FIELD, Ist Constable.
Dated at Peacham, Aug. %, 1914 Slows
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02

RM, rs oASE. The Montpelier Freeman states
any, rA.e slave brough, to Hartford in this county
fa,,v. -, rom Georgia, and who had taken ad-
ke6 h.. ut right to freedom in the circumstances,
'''E'' master, was forcibly seized and abducted
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02


DIRECTIONS. If any Wing desires, for amuse-
ment, to poster Locofoco, put him on
plan of doing it beautifully When he begins de-
claiming against the police of the Wings, just ask
him what he and his party for? He will first
sincerely and then affect to stare. Don't let
HIM of when he says he is against bank, against
protection, against distributions against term, Sc
Let him get through his againsts, and then cooly
ask him what he is for He will try to evnde and
slope, but hold on to him. If you give him the least
chance, he will take to his heels Wel,y you find that
he not prepared for such inquiries, and he will
still make another effort to escape; but you will
clinch HIM now, by asking him you for renewing
the SubTreas ury? (here he will turn red in the iace)
Are you for the standing army! (here he will turn
blue) Are you for putting Swartwout Boyd, Harris,
&c. the pententiary' {here will he turn and slope
in an agony oftumultuous shame, and ansero Try
this prescriptions and it it don't work the first time
we'll return your money. ....F
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02

ACTS ARE STUBBORN rH1Nas. and facts sne,,,
|h.,..' "'' words. Two good maxims. Here is an
', ,,l' of the truth. a a.h i .'Ia 3
l., ,r we 'OcOfocos pointing out few chan
I,e,an" D''uual' here and there, the Wings are
a., 'e'Ou''onlzing whole States. Since the
e" came n in we have redeemed slIe
TT The State of Connecticut, ST. AA
me me 81 State of Virginia,
rue Tue Stat State of Maryland. -r
me the State Stat of Louisiana,
T TSe state state Of Indiana, r#s
Ana lAo State of North Carolina, up
ihOod. '' shaking among the dry bones in
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02

TARIFF.-A machine by which one American
supports another American.
FREE TRADE.-A machine by which Amer
merican another American so us to support
foreigner, an EngIishman. (Cen,reville Times
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02

aud so much Of said lands will be sold at public Auc
ton, at the dwelling house Of Durkee Cob ia said
Charleston, on the first Thursday of October next at
ten O'clock forenoon AS will be requisite 10 discharge
said taxes with costs unless previously paid.
~. WILLIAM Il. COB, LIST Constable.
Dated at Charleston this Goth day of August A. d.
1914 ...... "
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
MORE OF THE OLD FASHIONED LOCO FoCo
INSULTS TO WORKING. MEN.

. NJ lIoodJury's hie Speech on the TariG-hear
! him. ..
4 1.-THE reliance of all men should be on their own
energies, and skill and local advantages. looking, as
SIR Robert Pei at last seaSi6iy adrises the Tam north
farmers 10 Co. after experiencing the eritS Of differ
ID em coH", MORE TO THEIR MASUREs AND LESS
TO GovrEyMENr. ...
"y another way Of saying "ihe people expect
\ Z" much Of Government" And are American far
ners regulate their conduct by what Sir Robert
reel advises the farmers ofTamworih to do 4! To
ucpeOd more upon their maaures, and less on the
'"'rnment What say you, farmers, 10 this? Is
Ouf conduct to be regulated by the scale meted out
O''''h farmers by Sir Robert Peel, and to you, by
bis echo Woodbury. Think of it, and answer him
" "e d'erves, with scorn and indignation.
ANU YOU Mechanics, listen to tho sentiments he
'OOp' reference TO your wages
ny winch means protective duties)t he workinen
Z '"IUeu 10 tax the home consumer by great pri-
r W., """e "'e higher wages they receive, MAKES
tA NEITHER HAPPIER NOR RICHER, SINCE
"'' ONLY DRINK MORE AND WORK LESS"
n '"puuence and sIander-downright calumny. Blu
"'"'H SAID you could do weH with low wages as
A V'''''d with high But what says Woodbury.
o"'' ""Ses you receive makes you neither happier
vo "'n'r' since you only DRINK MORE and
'oNA LEsS'" The American MECHANIC, then,
' Just 10 proportion to the wages he receiyes;a nd
e'suFy' therefore, TO prevent him from
M. TOO much, TO pay him lou ,cages
Ill.,, Tue estimate of this free-trade demagogue-
p''''' demoorat-this dear lover of the people
Monba
bp NV 'aecNa"rcs of the country. They only
''M NUKE and WORK LESS, according to the
"ey get! It is not enough to break down
seS' out you are to be told that it is for your
n n, 4'0 prevent you from DRINKING loo much,
''' wages are to be reduced 10 the level Of the
'r'' MO0F Of Europe. Let him hear you, Mechan
MAJ, rO'" l0s vile calumny. and its utterer, as you
r'''"ence' Wig Standard.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02
stsBAEErSa.

In Barnet, Aug, l6, Willard X. son Of N. H. Sal
ter, aged 90.
In Caremont, N. H. Aug. ~, Austin Tyler, Esq.
aged 54.
The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1844-09-02

Lumber for Sale. 9fIa
SHlNGLES, Clapboards, and pine Boards, for sale
~ by =. JEWETT a. co,
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1844-05-10

confer their suffrages on one who is not prepared
to give them speciicpedges in regard to the course
he would, if elected, pursue in respect to the va
rious aspects in which this matter may hereafter
be presented To all such, have only to say
and do SO with the greatest sincerity have
not the slightest disposition to question their right
SO to regulate their conduct, and will be the last
to complain of its exercise. If there be any one
who can be safely ntrusted with their interest
in this or any other of the great questions public
policy which are likely to arise in the admin
istration Of the government, or whose assurances
as to his future course are more satisfactory to
them, they will, without doubt, be well warranted
in giving him the preference; and they may be
assured that no one will more cheerully acquiesce
in a decision made from such motives, than myself
have expressed willingness to discharge to the
best of my abilities, the responsible duties of the
high office in question, should the democracy Of
the United States, be able and willing to reelect
me to the same. But can take no steps to obtain
it by which my ability to discharge its duties impair
tally and usefuly to every portion of our common
country would be impaired; nor can |, in any
extremity, be induced to cast shade over the mo-
tives of my past life, by changes or concealments
of opinions maturely formed upon great national
question, for the unworthy purpose of increasing
my chances for political promotion
am, sir, very respectfully,
Your friend and obedient servant,
M. VAN BUREN,.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06
Mr.. VAN BUREN's VERSION OF HIS LATE
LETTER

The Globe CONSTITUTES Mr.. Van Buren's letter to
mean what IT does not mean. The Albany Atlas,
Mr. Van Buren's especial mouth-piece, speaks thus
Of his late letter
THE TWO CANDIDATES FOR THE PRE-
SlDENCY ARE THEREFORE BEFORE THE
PEOPLE ON THIS SUBJECT, AND so FAR
AS IMMEDIATE ANNEXATION" Is CON
CERNEO, BOTH OCCUPY THE SAME
GROUND"
This is version entirely different from that given
by the Globe. II is Mr.. Van Burcns own version Of
his late letter. He is against immediate .9mneraiion
SO is Mr.. Clay. So is Mr.. Benton. .4H three are on
the British side Of the question
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06

r. A. Williams,
Jas. A. Campbell.

T. A. Williams, Jas. A. Campbell
Governor ALrxAsprr MouroS was present and
sat by the side Of the President Of the m, citing
A. G. BURR, the editor Of the Bee, q leading
Clay Journal in the Southwest, advocated the imme.
date confirmation Of the treaty, as absolutely neces-
sary TO Illustrate The designs Of Great Britain upon
Texas. Bernard Marigny, distinguished Democrat
spoke in French and sustained treaty with all his might
and power. Alexander Walker an eloquent Democrat,
followed and was listened TO with the most unbounded
applause. To the Executive he awarded the high.
est possible praise, for negotiating the glorious Treaty
now before the Senate. His reference TO President
Tylers eminent success. in this negotiation was
cei'ed with a unanimous shout Of appreciation. For
once we're the promptngs Of party feeling bu,bed,
and the honest convictions Of the hearts Of Peo-
pie pronounced in honor Of long injured, per.ccu
ted and patr lotto President.
I am permitted to copy such OF the resolutions >,
are imncd stately pertinent to the question Of oonht
nation. 1t IL rumored here that Senators Barrow
and Johnson intended TO vote against the Treaty bnt
no Of any party, for moment, give, heed to
such base impuiation upon their Amcricsni,m.
EXTRACTS FROM THE RESOLUTIONS.
Rs'eIred, That We consider the proposed anners'
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06

fJ Mr.. Richie has far, noby sustained hi,
own position, and the position Of General Jackson,
on the Texas question. Nothing has afforded us
more qualification than to observe the patriotic stand
80 firmly taken by the Republican Mentor Of tho
Press The party will uiumphan,ly sustain those
who aivoca,e the american side Of this momentou
question and Mr. Ritchic's pen is undoubtedly on
fhgf side.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06
Detroit, Michigan.
WILMINGTON, Delaware.
Bib county, Georgia.
Philadelphia county, Pa.
South Ward, Philadelphia.

II IS whispered that Mr.. Dromgoole has been indu-
eed to believe he would be nominated for Vice Pre-.
sident on Mr.. Van Burens ticket Thi, may ac-
count for his letter in the Globe taking the British
side Of the question win Messr. Van Buren, and
Clay.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06

IThe subjoined Address will stir the American
hlo in the bre as, OF every candid reader-and eve
nv one whose eye shall happen to rest upon IT, will
certainly read il through. While We speak of 1t IN
terms of enthusiastic admiration avail ourselves
of the occasion to disclain the authorship
We trust our friends in and out Of the CITY VIII
concur with US in the necessity Of giving this docu
msnt prompt and extensive circulation ana 'hA'
they will contribute all in their power 10 elect SO de-
sirsble an object.
The Address will be printed in an extra, and or
ders for any quantity will be attended to.-Ep. MAD.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06
TYLER AND TEXAS roo

Since our last, We have accounts Of meetings at
the following places, declaring for Tyler and Texas
too, and in some Of them nominating Mr.. Tyler I'M
condionaily for the Presidency The ball is rolling
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06
NoMIN A TIoN
JOHN TYLER FOR THE NEXT PRESIDENCY
BY THE PEOPLE.
AT NOR WALK, CONNECTICUT.

Convention Of the Tyler Democrats OF the
Fourth Congressional District OF Connecticut, was
held at Danbury on the 25th ult Hon. Stephen
Smith, Of Norwalk, in the Chair. JoHs TYLER, OF
Virginia, was nominated unanimously for the Presl-
denoy, and the following gentlemen were elected as
delegates to the Baltimore Tyler Convention;
Hon Stephen Smith, Of Norwalk.
DIR. N. s, Perry, Of Sharon.
N. b. earning, of Danbury.
James c. Looms, Of Bridgeport.
RESOLUTIONS
Resoiped That the only safety for the great Demo.
cratic party of the Uited States is in the selection
of a candidate for the next Presidency, who by his
acts has proved himself to be attached their prin
cples and by his frmness in the Democratic cause,
worthy Of their suhrages. That believe that his
nomination would receive the cordial support OF the
Democracy Of the Union.
Resolved, That we approve the re annexation Of
Texas TO our Republic for the following reasons
First To prevent that valuable section Of coun-
try from coming into the hands under the control
OF the British Crown Secondly Because experience
has shown that the purchase OF Louisiana has been
attended with good and profitable results and We be-
eve this country would be proportionably strength
ened and profted by the reception Of Texas into the
! Republican Union.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06

liz THOSE THINGS WINCH ARE ESSENTIAL LEI i"A"
sK UsIry-R MON EssEsfiALs' hiD''' ~ "
THINGS -.jtgustH
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06
" TYLER AND Texas .lp

That shall be our watch word and reply"
by order Of The Central Comminte, and ,oiih the
unanimous concurrence Of the friends Of the .8dmimi,tra-
ton in Washington.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1844-05-06

On the 25th ultimo, the Tyler Democrats of the
above county met in Convention, at White Hall,
Hon. George Smith, Chairman, nominated JoHs Tr-
LER, of Virginia, for the next Presidency, and de-
clared for the immediate nnexation of Texas.