New-York daily tribune., 1844-04-05

her ior ship building. Further the interior, and
IN the mountainous region, found FIR pine. ceder.
oak, spruce, and ash, all OF excellent quality. Ii
has been remarked by some that there is great de-
fc!ency OF timber in this counry: but such Is not
| The case. Taking The whole country together. there
Is ample timber for all useful purposes.
Ihe climate Is perpetual Spnng; neither the
heat OF umner nor the cold Winter Is experienced
il IS as mild on the Pacific side in lat. 45 degrees \.
rs It is in lat. 81 degrees " the Atlantic side
The cause OF his difference OF climate IN the same
| latitude suppose to be The prevailing winds from the
| North during the Summer and from the South dur
ing the Winter In fact the effect Is great that IN
many places the coast ii is warmer in The Winter
than iii the Summer in lat. 81 and 38 degrees
| North. Standing water has never been known 10
| freeze thicker than common window glass: running
water never freezes. No fires required in sitting
rooms. Offices or shops, any OF the year:
consequently fuel is never required for any other
| than culinary purposes
nences about the first Of November, end continues
until about the first OF February, ana sometimes
| even until the FIRST of March. During this season
there are frequent showers of raln the weather Is
alternately rainy and clear probably two-thirds OF
the ''rainy season IL rainy weather. the residue o'
which is pleasant and delightful weather. Wheat
is sown in the Fall and during the entire Winter; gar
dens are made during the Winter, ard many kinds
| OF vegetables TO be obtained atHRy lime during
| The Winter. There several kinds OF grain.
| OF which two crops can be obtained each year:
many kinds Of vegetables are planted and gathered
| at any and every season Of the year. A soon as
| The ''rainv season. commences, vegetation puts
orth anew, and all nature seems TO wear new and
| most envenng aspect In the months oi Decem-
Der and January vegetation Is IN ull bloom IT. may
be truly said of this country that ''December Is Us
pleasant as Nav" Now rhe vast herds OF beasts
wild and domestic, instead OF roaming over frozen
and desolate hills, or fields OF ice and snow-drven
BY the hOwlng tempest from side 10 side or shiver
ing in the chilling cavern or frozen STALL believing
and howng for protection against Nature hard
iatc-arc seen throughout this herbeuS and delight
ful region in herds innumerahle ranging proniScu-
ousl, from river 10 river and from hill to dale crop
ping the incxhausble and spontaneous vegetation,
and in the oudest strains OF natural lang re-
locing in Nature happy DEGREES.
need not remark that, as grazing country, 1t
cannot be surpassed the facts above stated clearly
establish this. The whole country is literally Gov
cred with immense herds of cattle and horses. The
farmers have generally from 600 10 10000 head OF
cattle, and usually many horses. Cattle are usu
ualv wortl from 10 dollars per head, horses
from To 10 dollars per head. In many parts of The
country, any person who has no cattle wishing 10
procure beef. liberty 10 Kill many cattle aS he
pcaSes ,wilhoutregard toowners. .prorldcdhed delivers
ile hide 10 the owner The ownership Is determined
by The brand or mark which Is found upon them
If no brand or mark Is found, whatever proof may be
offered il belongs hide and all, him who killed IT,
Cattle are generally raised here merely for the hides
In numerous instances thousands of cattle have been
killed merely for the hides. They are driven latter
w. in great numbers, 10 Oregon several thousands
were driven last Spring. Many thousands OF horses
have upon various occasions, been killed, because
of the country being oyerstocked. Both the cattle
and horses OF hS country are OF an excellent spe-
cies. Sheep and hogs also raised IN great num-
bers in many parts OF the country they produce
heir young twice annually.
The greatest abundance of game is found IN tins
country. especially the elk, der, antelope, bears,
wolv :, foxes. martins beavers muskrats, seals ana
raccoons In travelling through the valleys oi tins
country have frequently seen many thousands oi
elk at one view The antelopes are equally numer-
GUS During the winter season, the BAYS, rivers,
and even the wheat fields and low lands throughout
the whole country are literally covered with geese,
ducks and various other water fowls. Here they
have congrcgated from the whole northern country,
and their crcalng, squeaking and tlnppns o winss
Is ncessanl, and in many places very ANNOYING
There are various rivers OF very considerable I'M
poriance in the country. the largest OF winch Is Inc
Sacramento. Ii Is probably navlsabe about oOo
miles without obstruction, and NAV be rendered ma
vigable much greater extent, with very littIe
expense. Oh the others there are the Russian River,
and several others, which may be rendered naviga-
ble All the rivers and bays of this country abound
with fish of the very best kinds, among which are The
salmon There urc several kinds OF the salmon,
salmon trout sturgeon cod, carp. sole, founders
herring and ray. Shell fish are also found IN great
abundance, such rs CLANS oysters and muscles
The oysters are of an excellent kind.
The commercial advantages OF California are moi
surpassed. The Bay of ST. Francisco, for extent OF
anchorage and Sc curty of harhor is unparalleled
Ii has been well snid, that in that Bay all the ma
vicS OF the world could ride in perfect safety. De-
side this there are several bsvs atordng very con-
nodious and safe anchorage, those for instance OF
Monterey, 81. Diego and Bodego. Al ench oi these
aTRNF
seat OF Government. Yerba Buena, near the en-
trance oil the Bay of st Francisco, is fiourishins
little town. A point on that bay ls destined,
at no very distant day, 10 be great commercial ciiy'
The population OF Upper California Is about seven
OF eight thousand. about thirds oi whom are ma
tive Indians the other portion Is composed OF spa
nards. or MeNcens, (as they call themselves ne,
groes and mixture OF every color, description and
grade. Win the exception OF the foreigners, 'he
whole population is i'll deporable stale oi lgnor-
ance. The only knowledge which they possess |
civil POLITICAL or religious, they derive from The no
man Catholic clergy, who are generally learned aud
intelligent hut the most dissolute and abandoned
characters OF the whole community. There are ABOUT
four or FIVE hundred foreigners in California, who |
are now very well treated. with a very lew eScep-
tons. Formerly they were very iv 'reatec; oo OF
10 then were taken prisoners and sent IN irons 10
the CITY of Mexico where they were released |
This occurred in the wear 1910. The only pre- |
tence for this treatment was that ihe foreigners were
suspected OF entertaining some Revolutionary W
signs Some OF them have received reParation, 9th
ers have not In reference to this matter, our eau
zens there consider themselves much neglected by
our government. ,
| am informed that there is some doubt entertained
bv our citizens in reference foreigners being able
10 obtain lands in California All foreigners can OBJ
tain lands in that country by becoming citizens II
is true that it is optional with the government 10
grant lands or moi. any person, whether lorelSh
erS or nariye-born ctzens bat there never mas been
an instance as vet OF foreigner having been refused
lands after having become a citizen. applied to
the Governor or lands he inornedme that. upon be-
n,nirr q citiznn cnnld ohain the tract Ot land ior