New-York daily tribune., 1844-10-25

consumers DfOCtSOS IN IUlI GuEtO, al t1p
rcte OF one dollar ard dollar twenty five cents
bushel
These are the results Of Laws which ycu your
selves do sanction. All our Atlantic Cities es;
their bread cheaper from across lie wide ocean than
from own farms. Without the present ProIec-
tion Of twenty-five cents bushel, it would be so
obtained ii we do not make better arrangements,
foreign nations will oyerwhelm US with their pro-
ductons-Ggaiu take away our specie, and leave
your grain upon your hands, without either for
eign or domestic market.
So much has been said in this country, Of Adam
Smith, that feel the propriety OF submitting iew
words on the subject and history OF Political Econ
emy. Holland you remember became the great en-
porium of Commerce-and Flanders Of Mapufac-
tures-these two countries ere about equal in d.
mensions to couple of our counties. Their most
prosperous condition existed about two centuries
ago. Great Britain then, far in the rear-encum'
bered with her RGront0i power-lGcklng compare
tive Civi1aiion-Degan 10 perceive the essential
benefits to be derived from the examples OF those
States. She began with them TO encourage domes-
tic ndustry-and ,ehen she could not establish re-
ciprocity miM FIanders-Shc shut her out The
rivalry and strife, from these, and other causes OF
contention ran 50 high that Holland set about The
Invasion of England. The curious will find an IL
Isration of The spirit Of that age by reference 10
an original proclamation now preserved IN the New
York Society Library, OF Governor Andros, calling
Ou tHtsc OOiOuIco W oiu "e @iN'.'
Country in the then crisis Of her peril. The Sci
cnce of Political Economy was moulded into q
weapon Tor defence.
About 1870. Great Britain began TO make books
on Political EcODomy--every one Gi them Pr0tcc
tion up 10 the hub accompanied with some SIC or
sepen hu,dred criminal iars enacted TO enforce the
inms of Protection. Child wrote in 1910, Gee in
1870. Cantillon in 1850, Mildmay in 1850. All the
nosl distinguished writer's Of England on Political
Economy used the strongest language in favor oil
Protection of Domestic Industry. They tcrote for
The Government. Gee is nearly out oil Print-so
much 20, that perhaps | possess The only copy
among US. This book is entitled "The Trade and
Navigation of Great Britain considered =" Sher-
ing that the surest aooy or nation 10 increase IN
riches, is to prereat the importation such foreign
commodities as may be raised at home; that this
KINGDOM is capable RI raising rtttin itself and its
Co 0nies, materials for employing aN our poor, in
those manufactures rohich ace no,c import from such
If our netgh6Ors nho rctuse the admission Of our
oun" Gee states that MS book was written by
4" Order of the Lords of Trade" 1t wes printed,
not 10 publish it, but put few of them into the
hands OF some OF the Ministers OF Stale, and other
great men. He had understood by some great per-
soma, " that discourse upon Trade would be very
acceptable to the King" Such was the uniform
and yet unvaryiDg doctrine of the Government OF
Great Britain, for one hundred years before our
Revolution. When that great event was rapidly
approaching, and when Holland and Flanders were
supplanted and England was standing preemnent
in Comme rec, 10 the bosk Of Sir james Stewart
makes its appearapce-a book essentially teaching
the then newborn doctrine OF Free Trode. This
book was published in 1869. AT length, in due
time, Adam Smith appears. His book was printed
in ITS and the beginning Of l776. The fret copy
Of his work cannot be found among us. For one
hundred years before our Revolution, high toned
Protection 10 HGme Industry was enacted and en-
forced by the severest eudal laws. Selling sheep,
or exporting fleece Of wool, was punished, for the
first offence, by forfeiture Of goods, his hand to be
cut off and nailed up in market town; aud for
second offence, TO suffer DEATH This last act es-
capped the notice of British legislators and yet re-
mains unrepealed, although unexecuied. To ueniicc
an arlifcer or ANY manufacturer 10 leave Great Brit
ain, TO practice or teach his trade, was punished
with penalties more severe than those now provided
against enticng slave from our Southern States
while the artiicer himself forfeited his estate was
declared an alien, and incapable TO take property by
descent, gift or otherwise.
When Mr. Schofeld of Waterbury, Connecticut,
now living, established his mandatory Of Buttons
in that town, he had difficulty to obtain ar,isans,
and could not send them from England, but was
obliged to send them disguised and ship them from
Ireland as common emigrants. Other MaDutac-
tories, and especially those OF Broadcloth formerly
encountered like difficulties and ezpedients.
The export from Eng land OF any Cotton Machinery
was prohibited by forfeiture and penalties. The de-
sire Of Russia to manufacture was thus prevented,
till within few years. When they learned from
an American visitor that this Country made its own
Machinery, with American improvements on The best
English models, orders were Immediately given to
ship specimens from Lowell TO draw on Russia for
the cost TO One Hundred Thousand Dollars. This
opened new and profitable trade with Russia; and
which is now carried on extensively from Lowell and
Paterson, and believe, ,atteawan and the ports OF
Russia were also opened 10 American Cotton. Eng
land, wachtul for the interests of her subjects, on
learning the opening of this new American trade,
Cotton Machinery, and enabled her people to enter
into the competition and profit OF this trade.
One word as to Adam Smith. He does not say
he wrote for Government as Joshua Gee did. But
the whole tenor of his work, and the time and the
circumstance, prove the fact. In the form OF book
on the Science Of Political Economy, the Colonies
and their interests are interviewer in many Of its
pages, with extensive cooring like some of our party
newspapers-with reasons for the burihens imposed
uponthem-wilh suggestions of ameoraton of their
conditlon-with objections TO monopolies and cor
ruPtions Of relief from the restrictions On their
Trade and Manufactures Of pac6cation, by in
forming them that they were treated better than
either Greece, Rome or other nations had ever
treated their Colonies and adding the very delicate
proposition, that if 10 each colony which should de-
tach itself from The general CoNFEDERAcY Great
Britain should allow Representation. q new
method @: acquiring Importance ard more
dazzling object of ambition would be- presented to
the leading men Of each colony TO draw some of the
great prizes which sometimes come from the wheel
OF the great state lottery Of British politics.
Do you inquire who was this Adam Smith? His
tory affords you the answer. Hewas man of great
talents and learnng-he was Professor OF Moral
Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. He sud-
denly left that comfortable retreat on being inrted
hy CHARLES TOWNSEND 10 accompany The young
Duke OF Buccleush in his travels on The Continent,
and upon conditions which assured the Philoso-
pher an amply competent independence of fortune
for his future life" 1t gave hm an opportunity TO
collect materials and tine 10 write his book.
DO YOU ask who was Charles Tonasend7 He
had been Secretary at War under the Butte Admin
s'raton; and lett Il with discredit. He had mar
ied the widow and became the step father of her son
the young Duke CT Buccleugh. In the Pitt Ad-
ministration he Chancellor of the Excheouer
and became one Of the boldest advocates in Parlia-
ment for the taxation of America he was distin-
euished member )oi that administration which gave
Adam Smith the place and living of one Of the
Commissioners OF his Msjesp's Customs in Scot
land '-ot thar administered lion whose MISGUIDED rpea
sures drove America into Rebellion ard Revolutor-
whose couuptions provoked and called into exist.
ence the rios nd tnmn ltuo,,s aslenhl;.. =: IL