The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-12-28

last evening the subject being the French Revolu
ton of 1880.
In his preceding lecture, Mr. Everett commenced
by remarking, he had taken rapid survey of the
principal events and characters Of the French revo
luton, from It's commencement in 1889 to the alb
dication of Napoleon he now proposed to continue
his series of remarks, in the same cursory way, M
to the rebellion, commonly so called, of the Three
Days, which terminated for the present, at least
the great course of events which commonly wen
under that title. The real and substantial cause Of
this revolution, he had previously remarked
consisted in the incongruty between the existing
state of society and the established form of govern
ment the form of government by which the whole
political power of the state had been attributed &c
a few hereditary rulers remained unaltered whilst
in the meantime, the mass of the people who hac
risen rapidly In civilization felt their Importance
and deemed that as they possessed in nc
small degree, wealth and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ele.
ments of power-hey had right TO be ad
mltted TO some share in the administration of the
government This position taken by the people
was obviously Just but 1t was also not unnatural
that II should be strongly resisted by the privileged
classes, who owed all their Importance to the ex.
listing system, and this conflict of interest, opinion
and feeling, which, under other circumstances might
have terminated amlcably resulted in CONFUSION
and open war. The extensive and protracted
struggle--ot which he had detailed some of the
principal movements in his last lecture-was car
rled on In various parts of Europe and with various
success. For time the advantage remained al
most wholly upon the side of the people In
France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, in great part of
Germany, and throughout the western part of Eu-
rope, the people succeeded IN revolau0nizlng the
governments which existed, and In founding others
OF more liberal character upon their ruins Great
Britain, however, formed exception TO this re-
mark, because the revolution of 1858 had accom-
modated the form of government there in great
10 fhn ~
condition of society," so that they (the people) had
less cause for complaint, and consequently less zeal
and power upon the popular side. At length, how
ever, the legitimlsis prevailed they carried back
the war into the enemies territory, and they planted
the standard of their head quarters upon the site of
the revolution in Paris. This change of fortune,
nevertheless, was more apparent than real ;
it was owing to change in the opinions and feel
ngs OF the people in reference to the character and
proceedings of their own champion. Napoleon
essentially mere soldier, forgot in his professional
zeal Tor war; the duties that belonged to his polt
cal situation, for instead of relieving the people
from the expressions under which they were suf-
terng, and admitting them to share In the admin
lsratlon OF government, he monopollzed the whole
power IN his own person, and exercised degree of
oppression which they had never suffered from
their legltlmist rulers. They found that the only
object for which Napoleon employed his splendid
military talents, was the aggrandizement of himself
and family; they, therefore, lost all attachment to
MS person and interest in his success. For long
time ne felt himself that he had no friend in France
except the army; and even his Marshals began
to grow we airy, declaring that he would never
rest till he had slain them all. In the foreign coun-
tries, under his influence. the feeling was even
more distinct, as was shown by the establishment
of The League of Virtue in Germany. In short,
the position Of the two parties was completely re-
military organization, while the established govern
ments relied TOR their strength upon the zeal TO IL
berty and independence which animated the mass
OF their subjects. The result again shove tHe SUI
penorlty OF moral motlve--the ascenc ucy Cd.
neral causes over material and physical ones. -
same tide of popular feeling that had carried the
forward IN triumph in the first instance, hO
N an opposite direction than brought the allies to
,api'a OF Frances victory followed in both the
ard OF the people, the only difference being that in
he first instance the standard of the people erected
themselves in the French capital whilst at the close OF
he struggle IL passed the allies These causes had
very important influence The allies having obtained
heir victory in the name OF liberty and of the rights OF
nci they could not consistently, leave that idea out OF
lew IN the arrangements for general pacfcation In
cpal alterations in the law called for by the National As
'emby were embodied and established the form OF
ms document provision was made for the representatives
OF the people Tor liberty of speech ofhe press and
onwthin limits prescribed by fixed laws and security
Tor personal rights 1t was in short, if executed in the
spirit by which it conceived Of nature to give all
necessary satisfaction to the friends of liberty Similar
engagements took place in the Netherlands Germany,
md elsewhere BY this charter the people of France
became something" if not every thing " 1t was, how
ever in the nature of compromises contracts
people upon side and governments upon the other
10 be viewed as compromises contracts not advana
eous to the people, who in the present would have
preferred representative republic like our own
(cheers). 1t was therefore not unnatural under these
circumstances that the people should watch with extreme
jealousy the execution of this contract If Charles the
Tenth had fulfilled his part of probably he would have
prevented the violent confusion and disastrous result
himself winch took place in the three days Mr. Ever
venng between the granting Of the charter and the prn
clpal persons who took part in accomplishing those
events remarkng in the words of Taeyrand that the
Bourbons upon their return to France evnced by their
conduct that they had learned nothing and forgot no.
hing They brought back with them al their antigua
ted preudces and antpathies which thew had
AIKEN away without having derived any useful lesson
from their long tuition in the school of adversely. 1t
but justice, however that Louis the 18th who first
pied the throne formed exception for he declared
The outset of the revolution in favor of the popular
party and he remained attached through life to liberal OPT
Mons He in fact considered the author otbe charter
ana was consequently popular with the people. He
Inverted however from acting upon it as ne wished by
he opportunities kof his family the fatal consequence OF
which the return of Napoleon the hundred days and
general convusion to the period Of his second assump
ton Of the throne in 1915 His policy then libe.
raj aspect he was determined upon carrying out the
charter This excited the disgust of the Compile
brother of the King and heir the throne the prince who
afterwards lost the throne under the Of Charles the
Tenth. Here followed well drawn character of this
monarch who was shown to be of high ntelec
tua physical and moral advantages dsfgured by ultra
and most violent royalis principles had his principles
been different his personal advantages Mr. Everett said
lar sovereign The leaders of the royais and liberal par
ties, both political and literary, were then sketched and
their power over the public mind estimated from which
was evident that If not all the talent at least all the
gument and reason lay upon the side of the liberal
In the mean time the people Of the other States to whom
similar charters had been promised finding Themselves
deuded exhibited symptoms of disaecon and rebellion
so that indications of mischief brewing almost
all Europe AT last on the first of January 1890 an
army Of 10000 men, which had been collected
| at Cadiz to proceed to America to reconquer the
Spanish Colonies, declared themselves against the
government and for the Cortes of 1872 and the King of
Spain found necessary to sign the constitution Events
OF similar character took place in Naples Portugal and
Sardinia but they suppressed by force These oc.
currences produced strong feeling the courts of Eu
rope and particularly in that of Frances and the
nation OF the Duke of Berr about the time probably
had still greater effect in producing the change which
followed for it caused the King Uous XVIII to change
entirely his policy giving it exactly opposite direc-
ton to that he had previously pursued The death
Louis, which occurred in 1929 transferred the crown
from the author of the charter to its bterest opponent
and the known adherens of ultra royas and!arbitrary
opinions The first result of this change was the march.
ing Of one hundred thousand men into Spain crush
new constitutions; and Mr. Everett the subse.
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