The Charlotte journal. [volume] (Charlotte, N.C.) 1835-1851, 1843-10-03
THE ELEMENTS AND NAMES or
PARTIES.

PARTIES.
The existence of rival parties IS one oil
the necessary results of Political Freedom.
Under Despolism like that Of France IN
der Louis XIV. or Napoleon, or like Rus
STA as she still is, there are properly no par
lies. Faclions, eabals, conspnaclcs may,
from time 10 time, be Matched BY tyranny
in the Government or discomfort among
the People, but they are usually OF limit
ed extent and brief duration. The rise
and continuance Of Parties mark the ori-
gin aud progress of essentially Popular
Institutions, as their degeneracy into per-
sonal factions evlnces the decline Of the
spirit of Liberty.
The frs, distinct array of parties IN tins
country, after the achievement Of our Ma
tionaI Independence, grew out Of the sue
ccssi,e attempts to form Federal Consil-
tuition, and their ultimate success. The
question of adopting or rejecting that Con
siilutlon when framed, were referred TO
the people of the several States, by whom
il was successfully adopted after earnest
discussion in all, and some hesitation on
the part of pany. In this discussion the
friends of the Constitution were known as
, FederaliS,S its opponents as Anfi-Feder-
aHSts. General Washington having been
, President Of the Convention which form
ed the Constitution, and having cxerted his
influence TO secure its adoption, was recog'
nized as the head of the Federal party,
, though never a strong par,lzan; Mr.. JEFF
ferson, on his return from a long residence
J in France, as Ambassador, became chief
of the Anti Federal Party. But new and
, exciting questions rapidly arose, as they
will ever arise, which altered essentially,
the attitude and character Of the respec-
} tive parties the Anti edeIalisis, accus-
ing their opponents of a secret hostility to
+ Popular Institutions, assumed the name OF
. Republicans; while their opponents claim
} ing TO be themselves Federal, Republicans,
, siismatized the Anti-Federalsts as Demo
Gratis, an appcllation assumed by the Zero.
. cious Jacobins who had so lately filled
France with phrenzy, terror, aud blood.
L. shed. The name thus affixed as q reproach
, was ultimately adopted by good portion
: Of those 10 whom tie FedeIalists h4d ap-
b piled II, when the unpopular admtnis,ra-
0 ton Of John Adams had repelled many Of
o its former supporters from the Federal
y standard. The Government passed into
!. the hands Of the Republicans wlsh the el-
0 ovation Of Jefferson to the Presidency in
!. 1900, and the Federalis,s as party never
). regained their former ascendancy. New
c questions, founded on the new measures
= and events Of succeeding years-,he Wars
y Of Europe the Embargo The wrongs and
: insults received by this country from En-.
o gland and France our War against the
|. former; the Bank, Tariff, Internal In
$ proyement, &c.-arose to engross the pub
n lie mind, until, on the election Of James
G Monroe to the Presidency ia 1916, the
Il questions involved 10 the old Federal and
II Democratic controversy had ceased to pos.
a soss n, practical significance or relation
- 10 the actual and subsisiing differences
|. Ia few of the States where the Federal
n ISIS were strongest, the old distinctions and
h war cries were retained but ia s2i, whcr
5, fyc rival candidates for President, all pro
e, tossed Democrats, appeared in the field
J, these distinctions we're utterly aunihilated
~ Massachusetts, which had just become .
e, Democratic State, took the lead in supper
is ting John Quincy Adams, who was dc
is nounced as at heart Fcderalisi Wink
$, Delaware, almost or quite The only IN
IT finching Federal State then remaining
n cast her vote for William II. Crawford
IS the regularly nominated Democratic eau
n Gus candidate. Fcderalisis aud Democrat
D. were everywhere intermiugled in the sup
II port OF Adams, Crawford aud Jackson
II though hardly a Federallst was found ad
re vocatlng the claims Of Mr. CLAW, who ha,
" been the leader Of the Democratic party il
Congress, preceding and during a goot
So part Of the War with England, and VIII,
VI was supported il New York, a. in man,
Id other States, by that portion Of the Dem
r. ocrats who protested against the cnucu
n, nomination Of Mr.. Crawford as absurd am
le of no possible efficacy.
c. From that time, the old party desgna
at tions have been used rather as scare-crow
= for the timid, aud lures for the uninlorn
er cd, than otherwise. Mr. Adams avowed
w ~ dlsregafdcd them entirely Throughout
" his administration. Gen. dickson had Ion,
n before urged the propricty Of doing so il
to letter to Mr.. Monroe on his succession
~ TO the Presidency 10 lSl6-l7; and amonI
~ his supporters were many of the leading
in Federalists, including Roger b. fancy, hl
ut Attorney General and Secretary Of tn
= Treasury, now Chief Justice; James Blu
or cbanan, Of Pennsylvania, Louis McLane
SC Of Delaware, Garrit ID. Wall, of New Jer
ty sey, Rcucl Williams, Of Maine, Franci
r, Bayies, Of Massachusetts, Martin Chit
sc tcnden, of Vermont, &c. &c. Since the
an the resemblances between our existing an
re the old by.gouc parties have become Ell
It, tirely efaced. New questions rcgardn
,h both measures and men, have divided an
re continue 10 divide the country, but the
rs bear little or no relation TO those which d
e. vided our fathers forty or fifty years age
Ill The partlzans Of Calhoun, Van Buren,
~