The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-16

ern extreme OF those patches OF land which Lieut. Wke
has called The Antarctic Continent and having reach
ed their latitude the 5h they seered directly Tor them
and noon on the 9th the ships being exactly over me
centre OF this range they could obtain no sound
ing with 600 iahom of line and having traversed space
e 40 miles IN every direction from this spot curing beau
tiul clear weather. which extended their vision widely
around Obliged that this position, at least
of the pseudo antarctic continent and the nearly 2OU
miles OF barrier Represented to extend from It, have no
real existence (3)
Continuing bear westward the expedition approach.
ed the place where Professor Guas supposed the msgne
tic pole 10 be- which proved by extended invest
ton to be erroneous and they then (Aprn A. departed
Tor Van Diemans Land
No dIsease casualty Of any kind attended their first
abors; and there not one individual in either ship on
sick list Sir John Franklin, toothe emaole friend
and arctic companion o! Ross-was still at the opposite
POLE ready TO welcome and eaterain him was doubt
less happy meeting.
sEcorp YEAR.-The Tagnetometers, SC, again strict
y compared with those of the fixed observatory, the
relreshed the ships reted the gallant band agsn
with arduous task The expedition went to
Sydney and the Bay OF Islands, in order to extend the
magnetic observ atoms. and finish meteorological and
other Philosophical experiments These at the anpodes
of European observatores and equally separated from
each other OF much interest to science and nave de-
cded the important question OF the exact
of the momenary magnetic perturbatons. The psrtur-
| bations at Van Dieman's Land and New Zealand were
found 20 be IN exact accordance.
Nor %, ls4l--T They sailed from the Bay of Islands
and passing by the Chatham Islands, bore away to the
ard TO examine the supposed position oil the locus oil
greater magnetic intensity and, favored with hue wea'
Their obtained les OF obsery ations which demonstra
ted the OF the assigned position They accordingly
proceeded to the SOUTH to resame the examination OIL he
antarctic
Dec Is-In lat 60 % S. and long l46 81 w, they made
the pack 800 miles farther north than before which un
expected obstruction showed that they too early for
the They entered, however and pursued their
voyage 800 miies when became close that they
could push the ships no more to the southwark Wth
un,iring zeal and unfiaching officers and
It again New Years day. 1872 before they could cross
the antarctic circle The immense brightness OF the
sky oreshowed them that they would snll have to en-
counter vast bodies OF ice in that direction, whilst
more encouraging appearances held out nducement to
try their fortune TO the westward BY January nineteen
they had succeeded in reaching within a few miles
| OF the open water, when violent gale sprung up
and placed them in situation Of appalling jeopardy
The rudder OF the Erebus was shattered and that o!
the Terror utterly destroy ed and violent
shocks against the ice Tor Twenty SIX hours asthey roed
deeply among its heavy masses severely uiea ,ns Ter
strength and threatenedtheir existence On the 2l the
gale abaed and though driven back far into end closely
beset by the pack they went to work to repair
and prepare for new efforts Their condiuon was very
helpless and their the greater as the last days
were fast shortening, and the season drawing to close
line 45 miles and were more south than Cook or Beng
hansen had been able to reach in more favorable
length February 3D. they cleared the pack in lat 81 %
S. and lon ib9 e. after an imprisonment of 40 days in
the " thick ribbed ice" This was only 10 days earlier
than they had been obliged to abandon their
the beore but they still advanced to see what
be done They pursued their course tn the southwark
along the edge Of the pack; but was found to tend to
westward across their course, which obliged them 10
stretch farther in that direction than wished Aeon
tnuaon of violent gales added more to their dicues
They fought against every obstacles and at midnight on
the and they had the satisfaction to make the great bar
few miles to the eastward OF the spot where ther
examination OF last had concluded Ihs enormous
mass gradually dimnishes from its commencement al the
loot OF Mount Erebus where is about 200 feet TO 100
feet at the eastern extreme as far 0s could be seen Az the
point reached was further diminished to lo1 ieet
broken into deep bays and low projections not ABOVE
from so to 10 feet high. Soundings In bed OF blue mud
were obtained at fathoms; which, together with the
strong of land gently rising in ridges to the
height OF several hundred feet at distance oil 5O or oO
miles from the barrier leaves lite doubt of the existence
of extensive country to the southwark but SO enurey
covered with perpetual ice as to conceal every concea
BILE feature OF marked character to establish It's posive
existence.
The barrier was with strong breeze traced about 100
miles farther eastward than in the preceding year-bu'
all beyond was fruitless. Captain Ross, therefore, re-
traced his course ard where he before prevented by
the weather and fogs obtained two additional lines oil
magnetic determinations at great distance from the
pole, by whch Its position can be still more accurately
asceItaned The anerctic circle was again repassed'
and another hazardous exterpze undertaken IN tnese
long dark nights which confirmed the opinion regarding
the Don-eXisence of the supposed focus OF magnetic
force On the 2th March, in heavy breeze the ships
were driven into violent collision with an
OF icebergs and the bowsprt oretopmas and some small
spars OF the Erebus, carried away end lost The
vessels were provdentiay preserved from beng dashe
pieces and the cooness promptitude and activity Of
their crews were never more energe ucaiiy displayed
tracks OF former navigaors possible and in heavy
gale James Angeley, quarter master fell overheard and
duous duty and az ain without the sick list
Provisions were supplied from Rio de Janeiro and the
ships were put in as complete condition to renew opera
tons as the day they called from England
| THIRD YEAR.-On the morning OF December 18th,
1892 the xpedi,ion sailed from the Falkland Islands,
and the 24h saw the first cehegs when nearly in the
latitude OF Clarence Islands, AMI next day their progress
arrested by rather solid pack The Goth was spent
in endeav oring to find out penetrabe part, and they
led to stand along its edge to the westward Cap
tain Ross being persuaded that the great extent OF open
water found by cur late worthy FRIEND Captain Weddel
to the 74h degree OF latitude, produced by the pre-
vsng westerly winds driving the ice away from some
tensve shore, probably the eastern side OF Graham
Land) determined II he could to get hold OF nat coas,
and the packs and thus he hoped to arrive at the
open part OF the open found by Weddell deemng
| 1Iax and avta dinn tn hu
W. but its shores lined with so extraordinary On
accumulation Of grounded cebers as to prevent all sP
proach than three four miles They had there
ore only pass along and examine the coast as they
could. The whole land with the exception of two bold
projecting headlands its north extreme was found
to be entirely covered with snow or ice which descended
from the height OF 1000 5000 feet into the sea- where
broken by the violence OF the waves formed perpendI
cular icy cliffs from twenty to thirty feet high, IRON
which the bergs already mentioned constantly broke O.
way and grounded in the shallow water Between them,
troublesome, and several small isets, quite free
from snow, observed, extending to the south
| ward from the farhest visible point OF the land.
dense og arose and compelled the expedition to
10 the where they met with the western
edge Of the packs On the evening o. the SUN ney asana
extreme point but the pack was close against its shores
and by the 4h in latitude cat g. the ships were beset
and drfed rapidly back to the northward. Next day
they extrcsed and finally ecjed in landing on
island the extreme OF deep inlet the south sid,
OF the gulf of which Captain Ross took possession in her
Majesty name This island of volcanic origin, and
though than two miles in diameter, projects
perfectly formed crater the height oil $500 feet above he
level the 1t lies in lat Ga IL 81 and lon So 80
| magnificent table-topped mountain to the westward
rises the height of 1000 feet and the whole western
shore of this great gulf consists of mountainous ranges
covered with everlasting Twas named the Gull
Erebus and Terror it about forty miles between the
capes, and nearly many miles deep. Excepting the
south part it full of heavy pack ice, and there
two spaces at its deepest parts where no land could be
dscerned and which probably communicate with Brsns
field Strait In the evening the ice beng driven of the
land they rounded the south part Of the gulf and coursed
the land to the uthwestward, between its shore and
oh grounded bergs three miles distant
All this portion free from snow for 20 miles when
they again came to perpendicular icy cliffs descending
from a snowcoyered mountein about 1000 feet high
This a completes barrier in miniature and tended TO
confirm Captain Ross opinion that extensive CONT
nent exists the southwark Of the great barrier disco
vered in s4 extending to the east 400 miles from Mount
| Erebus.
Ice, in various forms beset them for time and
observations were taken that which was fixed No
doubt that the strait before spoken OF communi