davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1843-08-11

FARE, INCLUDING BOARD,
81 50 from Syracuse 70 Rochester Landing.
S56S Buffalo
A. Mu1so1, Utica. F,B ALLEr, QsdensouIsh.
T s F.xr0H Utica SIfi.RwELL, Utica.
J. BUTrERrlrLD ltica T. FlrzHSGas Co os, Se
0sweso May 1913. Iny23 lta cod DIV
iSf5-DE.TR OFT AND CHICAG O--ios3.
THROUGH IN THIETY-NlNE HOURS,
THE E.ar:,r
IS "A CENTRAL RAILROAD -.
-Ttzs--sazI -tiaiI Line. ciSG.->-T;-5s==F e.:
TIE cheaic,t safest and Gypeou& route 70 ue 49,
being g hous rugser than he tx out csre,
clock A NJ arrive at Jackson miles, same daF a.
r III leave Jackson P VI in Goaches sTriyt at 10
h a, f. NJ next DAY. leay ST. Jcseph on the o. VI.
stays in Steamboats, IS miles TO Chicago ana arrive al
THIS route was established great expense N 1872 and US
success warrants ihepfoprcors III eItenGins me m
Low Presfe Engine VIII take thu place o. the Sieanaca'
Huron in July.
- Fxrras always in readiness.
Office IN Chicago at the General Stage Oice III DstoIt
al 'He f>''''A1 r. " WELLS, Ac, Com. c r. r
IIJ.IDTSON. 4 60, /.
New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1843-08-11

= Mt .FOK KElPONI AND MIDDLE-
80 TOWN FONT, daily. (snudays excepted
f"g',rg q ses@ines Dock Soften aPd
town Point Mondays, Tuesdays Wednesdays Thursdays
and frity: At I O'clock ide erm ngl aud kgyrott at
O'Clock F. NJ. Returning leave New York. OF Robinson.
street, Tuesdays Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fd8ys
o'clock ~ NJ. and Saturdays at F. NJ Stages Will b IN
readiness the arrival of the boat convey passengers
Freehold part al the county, Uniform companies
TARGET parties of peas,sr Sc Will b- taken and
from Font lllmlltoa or keyror eaonahe Us 2r,
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
BY THE SOUTHERN MAIL.
Ph lndeIpiia.
Correspondence of the Herald.l
PHILADELPHIA, May IL, lS43

LEAR BENNETT
News is scarce to-day. The only thing which
seems to attract attention is the expected arrival of
Daniel Webster, and among the crazy politicians Of
the day strong disposition to rival each other in
patriotic demonstrations, "gives dreadful note of
PREPARATION" Old clothes have been in considera.
bic demand, and prices have "riz."
Shipman, the defaulter. who has the field all to
himself Just now, was again brought up this morning
for further hearing. A long debate, as usual in
such cases, ensued on point of law, and the pris-
oner was remanded until tomorrow morning The
counsel for the Union Bank, John M. Read, con-
tended that the offence for which the prisoner was
held in custody, had been committed in the State
Of New York, he ought to be committed to await
requisition from the Governor OF that State. A
warm debate between counsel in anticipation.
Since it has become customary to refuse Spanish
quarters and evys, at their former value, quantity
of spurious dimes and half dollar pieces have been
put into circulation in this city. The police are OH
the trail of several well known cOunterfeters.
The healthy action OF ourimproved system OF cur
rency begins to show itself in the extensive bust
ness which Is now being transacted by dry goods
and other retail dealers. The sales are pretty ex-
tensive on the cash principle; small profits andquck
returns is the order OF the day.
Bright" So' has not deigned to favor our love-
Nv city to-day with one kind look of recognition.
The weather has been cloudy, with occas onal
showers, and the beauty OF Philadelphia has been
prevented from going" shopping
Burton made his appearance last night at the
Walnut TO excellent house, for short engagement
previous TO his departure tor Nbo's
Silsbee, the celebrated Yankee delineator, has
been offered engagement at the Walnut !; he ap.
pears in conjunction with Burton tomorrow eve.
ming The public, capricious kind of individual
at the best has at length been aroused to this gen.
tleman's claims upon their attention. His late sue
cessful engagement at the Arch stamped him as one
of the best actors in his line which the stage now
boasts. He will probably ere long visit New York
The Mayor is now at his post, discharging his du-
ties with his accustomed urbanity and precision.
The Musical Concert attracted another full house
last night.
Mr.. Wright, the agent for the late lessee of the
Mobile Theatre, is now in town, making engage
ments with company to open at Nashville, Tenn.
Yours, respectfully, THoRAx
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
MONEY MARKET.

"0su"y, NIRy I7-B r. M
Sales large today and prices in some cases high
er and in others less Ohio SIS fell II per cent Kentuc
Ky Illinois ga per cent New York sis, of 1851.
Harlem Railroad rose II per cent Paterson fell J.
At the new Beard, N. York State U.s. ls4s sold nj 1861,
Harlem stock to-day under the result of the cleo
ton The direction offs character and standing of
whom much is expected 1t is to be hoped that under
their able management the public will soon have rail-
road conveyance to Albany through hsrmonizing with
the Albany Company.
1t is stated by the officers Of the Union Bank of Msss.
spp that the assets of the will scarcely pay its
circulation which selling at 10 the dollar.
Pretty poor prospect for the bond holders this.
We have before the annual return of Mesrs Palmer
wildman Bank Commissioners of the state Of Connec.
tcut The leading features of all the banks in the State
are as follows:-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
Circuit Court.
Before Judge Kent.

MAY l7.-.James Mason VS.. Calvin Munger.-This was o
case of ntrcacy. and occasioned much argument
was action the OF 500 and interest
Mr.. Lewis L. williams who had been clerk to 0rggs,
Quackenbush Day, started in business for himse -
He employ cd John L. Mason brother ofhe plaintiff who
lives Acron Ohio) clerk. Soon afterwards he re
quested, through James loan Of SO 500 from plaintiff
Tor which he gave judgement bond. Williams subse'
quentiy sold out to defendant who, 10 contended as
sumed the debt in part pay The principal ground Of de-
fence Is that notes had been given for the,purchase
Inc case was commenced yesterday, and argued very
fully by Messrs Cutting and Girsrd and great number
OF law points started and investigated The goes up
TO the Supreme Court II submttedt to the Jury
the plaintiffs were nonsuited.
Mcssrs 0irard and Wilson for plaintiffs Messrs Cut
ting and Kimball for defendant
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
Schools.
Friend RENNETT:-

FRIEND BENNETT
From the remarks made at the Board of Educa-
ton at the meeting ofthat body on Tuesday evening
School Trustees in regard to the subject, it is ev.
dent that the attendance in the Public Schools is
daily diminishing, while in the District Schoo s
Chose established under the act Of April, 1842) the
attendance is increasing immensely. Now, sir, in
my opinion, these two conclusions may be safely
drawn from the premises.
LIST The public feel that something is wanting in
the system of education in the public schools which
they expect to find in the new ones.
I'd. The public schools do not possess that amount
Of public sympathy and favor that their managers
contended they did, and therefore, whatever system
gain that favor 10 the greatest extent should de-
serve the greater support. If the district schools
can please the public better than the public schools
let the former be supported and the latter abolished.
Don't you say 500 FRIEND TO EDUCATION
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
LATEST SOUTHERN SHIP NEWS

PHILADELrHrA. May l7-Ar Robt Morris, Quterbridgs,
Chsr'esop. Cid penn.yl wanna, Tu ls'; B'.badoes
BALTIMORE, May 6-Ar Orchilla, HArdinr, New Orleans;
Heury; Mtssevy Salem. CD Montezuma Kelly Rio and "a
mkt Troubadur Gorhm. Bemnda Jane, Robinson Boston
Sla Albert, (Bremen) KacEgrher, Bremen; Stevens,
kns, Savannah.
NORFOLK. NAV 15-An Bunker Hill, Mersey, A,akapas;
Besey Richards Bradley, NYoik fer Balm with loss Of
mAinmast. Sid President Wbour Jersey City At Sea-
Wells Point, M Motah Rogers Lubec for Richmond The
tertay, and proceeded mp James River bsoue this
and also eded ship down James Ri
this morning and went TO
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

HARD LUcK.-The present editor of the New
York Brother Jonathan, John Neal, of Portland,
State OF Maine, solemnly declares, that within the
last twenty-five years he has been either grossly
swindled, otherwise ill-reated, by seven-eghths
OF all the American magazines, and full filteen.s six
eenths of all the American wspapers he ever had
to do with, till nineteen-twentiehs ofthem went to
the dogs, and the rest were on the way, full split
The reason of these losses was because he did not
do a cash business Neal advocated and practsed
on the credit system.-Ed. ". Y Herald.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
Sales of Stocks MT Philadelphia.

$3.50 Tennessee ST per bond interest pay able
Nashville with interest accrued since s4 Interest
able Feb and Aug rs 1855 shares Grard Bank At; $1,000
Wilmington per cent 1885, 10 shares Mechanics Bk
49, $1,000 State 6s any year. 1854 IS; $1,000 Lehigh 6
lS45 $1,000 State Sc 1864 46; 49 shares Union Bank,
Tenn, 40; 1905 Grard Bank notes, ST.
AFTER BoARD-SI Cincinnati 6s 1860, SAT- II shrs
Girard Bank 4i 500 City Gas SIS l0ll $40 900 Cncin
natl Bonds water works. 81 $4,000 County 6s and CO
old, 90.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

BODY FouSD.-An inquest was held In Boston
on Tuesday on the body of man found floating in
the water of Battery wharf. He was apparently
seafaring man, about forty years of age No papers
could be found about his person from which his
name could be learned. A pocket handkerchief
was found crowded into his mouth, from which
some foul play may be inferred. The body had,
from It's appearance, been in the water long time
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

a3-WARRANTED CURE DIR. Elderkins Egyptian
Basam will not fail to the worst of piles
fstula, well burns, frosted limbs rheumatism.
gentleman in Wall street has LEFT his for reference
and in his of piles Of long standing has been
perfect charm The proprietor Of this important remedy
returns his thanks to the gentleman who inpeed by
pure and dsinerested motives for the benefit of suffering
humanity, wrote him courteous and complimentary
letter Stating he had been afflicted with the piles for six
years Sc, act which his whole soul must
fleet with pleasure the remainder Of days. they
prolonged do not publish the many cures this in
valuable medicine has performed in consequence Of the
great expense but have pnt this remedy at cheap
price IS and so cent bottles that all obtain il and be
cured. OF piles of long standing cured in
few times applying For worms il has been taken with
the astonishing aud that too by grown per-
sons, when ozenges, made of caomel. and other
mercuriai preparations had done good whatever It
il medicine which can in all cases be depended on; for
bathing externally it entirely supersedes the Of all
kinds OF strengthening plasters, inimens Sc gives
strength and tone TO the and muscular system For
weakness in the back, few times using will sufficient
y prove its efficacy to satisfy the most sceptical.
To be had only Of g. j. Leeds wholesale druggist las
Maiden lane, whose is each bottle, to prevent
counterfeits.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

THE STREETS AeAIN.-Just as bad as ever. Where
is sold lronsides" Of the lOth-and why is nothing
done? Let the streets be ceaned-let them be wa
tered-and in very many sections Of the city, and
particularly In the upper part of Broadway, let them
be repaved. The wooden pavements about Blocker
street are in an almost impossible condition.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

SHERIFF Harris DEFALcATroN.-We should like
to know the real facts in the case of Sheriff Hart
Some say he is only defa1lter for 3,OOO while he
has $4,000 due hm-others that he is deficient
$40 600. Even $4,000 are only bagatelle in
these latter ddys.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

CHARGE TO Commemorative find the follow
Ing pdras raph in the Richmond Enquirer
CDR Mallory. Of Virginia. will probably be appointed
by Mr. Ty the office vacated by the decease OF CON-
Porter at Constsntinople."
We find the above paragraph afoat in the newspapers
eknow not what authority it But for one
second the proposition Fromhis acquaintance with pavsl
affairs, his our foreign relations his gone
raj Information and his abilities, should consider DR.
Mallory well qualified for the mission to Constantinople
So there is little chance for Noah getting the
place. So far so good.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

FOR ENerAND.-The new steamship Hibernia,
Captain Iudkins left Boston on Tuesday at clock,
Tor HALIFAX and Liverpool. She carries out about
nifty passengers TOR Liverpool Among them, are
Don A. Calderon de la Barca, late Spanish Minister
at Washington and Mexico, and lady, and J. Par.
rot Esq, u 5. Consul at Maza,lan. Her mail con-
tains 1900 letters, and 20 bushels of newspa-
pers and magazines.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

MCKENZIE The following gentlemen were ap.
pointed committee, in Boston, at a preparatory
TO considerhe best method of testiying the regard
of the citizens of Boston IT. H. Perkins, H. G.
Otis, Abbott Lawrence, N. Appleton, Jos. Bradee,
DR.. J. G. Warren, Charles G. Loring, Patrick Grant,
Goodwin. Thomas Lamb George Darracoi, WI.
liam Hales, H. Inches Jr.. Samuel A. Eliot, Arthur
Pickering.
1.-THE friends OF Poor Mckenzie will ruin him be.
fore they be done. Why not let the Commander
have some peace-some ease OF conscience?
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
90 THIS DAY PUBLlsHED-The Dublin Univer
sity Magazine for May ls43

CONTENTS.
l. Loterings Of Arthur O'Leary ; 2. A Man of the
World; Lines on Mr.. Mulvany's Picture of First
Love J" 4. sydney Smiths Works s. Three thousand
Pound Notes, by the author of the World of London
g. Gisquets Memoirs; T. A Queen fora Day; 8 Peel and
Guzot; The Lever of Love; ID. The Zaaetote Bride,
by Elizabeth Auchnleck IL. Ecclesiastical Architec.
ture II The Petitions Of Joan of Arc by Mrs. James
Grey 49, Criminal Responsibility of the insane Sub
scrptions received by
JOSEPH MASON, Publisher,
100 Broadway up stairs.
The Edinburgh Review for April and the Westminster
Review for March, are press and will be published in
afew days.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

THK THREE DReREEs.-John Jones the second, O
the Washington Globe, it appearsis not only fool
he has also taken his degrees inroguery and lying
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

CHATHAM THEATRK.-Hil plays this evening in
the truly interesting drama OF "Casper Hauser," with
Mr.. w. Marshall as Gripswaldt, and Mrs. Madi-
son as the mysterious youth Casper. Hill also ap.
pears In the "Knight of the Golden Fleece" This
unusual attraction will command full house.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
Total. l2,9l4,l26 Total,
l2.9l4,l24

The commissioners remark as follows
Owing to the depressed state of business conseq6ent
upon the over action of former years. and the derange
ment Of affairs incident 10 the bankruptcy Of States banks
and individuals (no little augmented by the operation
OF the late bankrupt aw) the banks have found Il pos.
sble to employ all of their capital in dscountng good
paper for the past year. and will be observed that they
have heavy balances against banks in New York, and
have to considerable extent invested in Treasury
and stocks which are esteemed safe.
The suspended debt of all the banks appearss $685.
49, of which $275 comprised in the reduction Of the
capital Of the Quinnebaug bank and is the difference be-
tween the aggregate capital in ls4a and s4s The se0d
ness and regularity of the Connecticut currency
ing far less to any inherent soundnes in the of
their conduct than in the habits industry, and frugaly
of the people Connecticut perfect model Of arepub
lcan Government in its financial sfa 9. With popua-
ton OF 800 900, has school fund of 22s, and d.
vides annually $l2S99 to schools in which s39A chill
dren educated immense number cut of small
population. The Savings Banks present also pleasing
result. They ere as follows:-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
CHARLES L. SMITH, $50 Tillery st., Brooklyn.
April 9Th, l843

GO TO THE LADY READERS.-We recommend
the establishment of A. Grandjesn No. Aston House,
Barclay street to the notice OF strangers visiting the city
His assortment of perumery if Of first rate order and
based upon scientific knowledge Of the subject fer
which they intended. This simple fact has secured
the extensive patronage which they have
from citizens.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
CoNNEcrIcUr sAvrGs BANRs. 1913
1875
1908

We believe there very few places that present
results like this indicative of the INDUSTRY
frugaty OF republican habits. The governmental
penses present the features The receipts and
penses last year as follows -
Total State exrenses 1852, S6el8
Balance o hand April, Il5l8
Received the Treasury 93,z79
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
ny-REAp oNE-REAp ALL!-pear sirs. Although

qy-READ ONE-READ ALL Dear Sirs: Although
have not the pleasure of personal acquaintance with
you, yet of duty yourselves and to the public
generally, constrained TO bear my testimony unsoli.
cited by any one, in favor OF your Clarified Hoarhound
Candy. Having some time ago been seriously afflicted
with cold on my breast, the symp. oms Of which
becoming alarming, accidentally came across your
candy and after partial and irregular trial of it for
lew days found, quite unexpectedly, the difficulties
my breast and in my throat give way The free and easy
mucus discharge, together with other most desirable
effects, which your Candy produced, saved pro
baby from consumption which seemed to lay fast hsld
upon my lungs, and enabled me to pursue my arduous
duties without serious while at tho
time recovered my health. With the sncerest respect,
am, gentlemen, yours, JOHN C. LYON,
Pastor of NJ. T. Church, York, Pa.
January a. lS42-Messrs. PEAsE Sor, rs Division st.
B. We would here state that the above gentleman is
pastor of the German Mission Church in Second st.
near Avenue c, New York, and all who sceptical
will please call, and he will dispel their doubts
J. PEASE SON, as Division ST.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
M SEA SICKNESS WITH ALL IFS DISTRESS.

ing Accomplishments may be prevented or cured by the
use of "shermans Camphor Lozenges." Captain Chad
WICK of the packet ship Wellington has used them
many voyages and in all cases where they have been
sorted to they invariably gave immediate relief All who
about entering upon voyage to should supply
themselves and they will be sure TO avoid much of the
misery attendant upon sick iess well lowness
spirits palptaon Of the heart headache, and ell
SAINT sensations arising from nervous debility.
DR. shermans articles always found at his warehouse
No. 100 Nassau street Agen.s-ilo 273 Broadway and
10 Aston House 227 Hudson street 1888 Bowery,
of Spring II East Broadway and sc William st.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

Mrs. SMErs' MILLINERY AND Dry GooDs.-This
lady, so well known for latest fashions, and latest
styles of goods, has just opened an extensive assort
ment OF new goods in her department, of almost
every description. Please call at 25S Broadway, OPP
poste the Park
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
mo- THE GREAT VARIETY OF ATTRACTIONS

lh7- THE GREAT VARIETY OF ATTRACTIONS
presented at Peales New York Museum, for the
shilling is truly surprising In the first place there
is the immense and valuable collection of curesities in
the second, the splendid picture gallery, the finest in
America in the third the following talented performers
Miss Darling the enchantress whose fess almost In
credible; Mr. Dalarue the unrvalled mimic whose imi.
ations Of Kean Booth and Forrest superb; Benda
might shame sylph. When such infinite variety OF
amusement is be obtained for trfng sum, it is not
to be wondered at that the place is crowded.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

ACCIDENTAL man by the name of Otis Sewel
was knocked down in Canal street, Providence, or
Tuesday, by a two horse team, and so severely in
jured that he died soon after.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

HARNpEN 81 Co. will please accept our thanks for
Eastern papers in advance Of the mail.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
W-GENUINE EXTRACT OF .sARsApARLLA

Gentsn and sassafras, prepared by the College Of
Medicine and Pharmacy OF the City Of New York. esta
blished for the suppression OF Quackery, A. d 1912
This celebrated Extract fast superseding ell the in
cr and useless mixtures prepared by druggists who
totally incapable Of knowing the medicinal properties
curative powers of the roots they employ BY referring
TO the morning papers, the public will at perceive
that this worst species Of quackery dong incalcuable
injury, whilst the vendors Of this miserable compound of
destructive minerals and watery detection Of the
American Ssrsaparilla are parading, in the New
York press the certificate OF q cured, who il
his grave and has been since using these destructive
mixtures The College Of Medicine and Pharmacy OF
the city Of New York hereby promise pay any per
son who will prove that their extract contains particle
OF any mineral, the sum OF One Thousand Dollars The
Coli &c have received hundreds Of genuine certificates
iron persons that ererealy benefited by their Extract
hut knowing the value the enlightened part Of the
muniy put all certificates published not for the pub
lie good but for self interest, they determined from the
time they opened their establishment. to publish any
certificate no matter how strong fsttering to them
selves. Their Extract ~ copfi ently recommended
The best specific for all Diseases arising from mpury
of the blood such scrofula ring letter syph
c ulcers rheumatism, pimples the face, pains the
bones enlargement OF the joints, salt rhuem any dis
having its origin in corrupt state Of the blood
Gold in single bottles az rs cents esch In contain
ing half a dozen, SO so in do do, one dozen, So.
Carefully packed and sent TO all parts Of the Union.
Office and Consulting Rooms ofthe College, % Nassau
street. W. 8. RICHARDSON, Agent.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

n7- MAGNIFICENT EXHIBITION OF WILD
Beasts of Broadway and 18th streetEvery day
performance adds to the multudes Of all classes VINO
have Witnessed this unrvalled natural curiosity Inc
Pavilion capacious Is would require more EXTENDED
Dimensions 10 admit the curious in this highly
al science and the extraordinary Developments on he
power end triumph Of man over the wild ana nv, r
nerd that forms the exhibition requires something more
than mere faith to acknowledge. Such hgnt mu
witnessed, as q very few days will terminate u" '~''
ton of superior interest
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18
90 THE ATOMIC MlxTUREp FOR THE CURE

Gy- THE "ToNIC MIXTURE FOR THE CURE
Of Debility loss ofsppee weakness in the back and limbs
.papitaons giddness in the head and all dis
orders arising from impaired Of the vital energies
whether produced by vicious ndulgences, any other
cause sold by the authority Of the College Of Medicine
aud Pharmacy, at the laboratory and principal office "a
Nassau street. Price 81 per bottle half Dozen Tin case
So w. 8. RICHARDSON, Agent.
Principal Office OF the College, 81 MESSIAH street.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-18

New HAVEN Boar will leave on Saturday after
noon at three o'clock, instead of ve heretofore.