davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01
JOSEPH GILLoTT,s STEEL PENS

DOCTOR IA. BOSrWlGk,
OPERATIVE SURGEON TO the New York Medical and
Surgical Institute, be consul daily between the
Of and o'clock Office 10 sChamben street 90 lm.r
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01

"a FOR SALE exchangt iJr part of brig schoou-
sR suitable for the North Cardiac trade, House and
a flourish ~ The house
lage airy room all lathed and Venetian blinds
the windows; has front and back pazzas ROOM
kitchen detached smoke house. The lot is SO feet front
aud extending back 208 excellent we'll of
the premises shady the yard and is well fenced
Said property would be exchanged for OF vesse the
person whom the property belongs, in her
being in every way competent Address, Mariner, this
Office. s2 ct
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01
PARIS BOOTS AND LASTS MADE 10 ORDER,
BIZ E. 81 y E r I75 Brold,nLu. (GaSsmsnk !

One door from COuTtIandt street.
- T. SUSGR Bootmaker. and VI her of Lasts an
2' Elve' of Clerce OF Paris, begs leave to inform hi
friends aud all the amateurs of gentlem'ny ch4ussur
that make New ok, with the French
erlals all thAt p rfecy made Paris by his ster
celebrated Bootmaker Ciece whose
this side Of the Atlantic ully invited 70 Suse
Boots and Las before they despair Of being chausses
New York, after the incest latest Paris fashion
Also, the genuine Paris Jet Black Varnish sold
ms
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01


S-The Cambridge sails from Liverpool the 18th No.
vembeT Persons sending for their friends have them brought
and uneeuslled ne sailing from that punctqay the
7h and 18th of each month"; For passage &c apply
Drafts at sight for any amount drawn dc, the ROY
Bank Of Ireland aud on Messrs Prescott Gote, Ames Co.
whaeySr n every town throughout England Ireland Scot
The favorite packet ship ENGLAND will succeed the Cam
bridge and sail for Liverpool the 10Th Of October her
lar day soar
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01

AEA FOR SALE OR TO RENTN,Tne Pnmom Mills
R with Ii II of stones, with all of its
LII "hinery, situated two mes from New Rochelle,
CHICHESTER County, aud State of New o and immed
proximity the city of New ork, in for
sve business -four and grind and ac lO to $50 barrels
each day could be most adyangeousy employed for
other which might equire extensive safer power The
reputation for the Tint live Dyed b, the Premium
Mills and their lfoximity New York with the facility oI
transportation afforded mmed atey adjacent, by way Of the
gation direct The Mis from port render the c-
tigs for business anexce topSbe to those desiring such
Esq New r. cGelle ~ Y, kelloggsy lie, or to sLAs
GOD Esq, SO b. "a street, New ! ok.
Rochelle, q. wv
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01

BOOT AM SHOE STORE
s3 JOHN READY rpspe, fully informs his lr,e.e
and the public that he has commenced business the above
hue No. 90 Nassau street. where lie will thankfully rece
and faithfully execute, all orders he favored with
oct. he 70 csSts
n WHEkLtR begs offer the notice the public the
- following letter from highly respectable officer IN the
). Navy
NEW York, Sept. 81, $40.
To DR.. Wheeler Oculist, % Greenwich street.
Srlt afford great pleasure TO give you the benefit of
testimony of your the of diughe
of aggravated of Scroua Ophama after she had been
treated by eminent physicians and surgeons without the least
permanent benefit
must add that when placed her under your kind care
(hayng been induced do by visiting
pitients) despair of her being cured by
being entirely closed aud ghess the other nearly
light could he borne. For months she had
been kept carefully darkeued The eyeds
frghtfuy named and the child by her previous
reduced a skeleton.
Your kind and great will be h Id by
and every member of asily, ia the grateful emem
brance Should this bug you the notice of any like suffer
err or parent with afflicted child the object of this testimony
will be secured by relieving suffering humanity,
Very truly friend,
WASH. A. BARTLE ". =. N.
s26 I'm m 22l Eighth Avenue.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01

.kE& . BLAGK BALL. OF OLD LINE OF LIVER
ksAAks Monday, the I'd October-The magnificent, well
known fast sailing packet ship CAMBRIDGE burhen
$50 TONS Captain VIM Barstow will sail positively above
her regular day.
The accommodations Of THIS splendid packet cabin ca
bin and steeage for spendor
niepce and comfort by vessel oat Those embarkng for
tine old country will find their select this
bic For passage and the berths
iy application should be made board Beekman St
|. or TO the subscribers. -
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01

.kSN PASSAGE FROM CORK-Vis Lverpool-ln
kTFN the first spring ships-We beg inform friends
.snthat during the coming spring 1874, shall have
regular OF first class American ships sailing from
for second cabin and Storage fail
them comfort One of firm, Mr. James ID.
Roche resides there who will personally the forwarding
Of all and will spare neither pains expense
their Wishes and have them forwarded without delay
Tho,e sending for their friends will the
letter post paid ROCHE BROTHERS & Co
IS Fulton street, door to the Fulton Bank
JAMES ID. ROCHE
II Goree Pilzzas, Liverpool.
SPassage certificates and drafts be from this by
the regular packet ships the st h l3h 10Th and 25h Of
every month"; also by the Boston the LIST and 10TH
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01

80 ~ SM 80
the following FIRST Class Packets despatched by tie
subscribers punetually $ advertised viz
FOR NEW ORLEANS
Positively first Packet Passage trea-The Packet Ship
CASPIAN Captain 1oyey, will sail Monday, I'd October
FOR MOBILE.
The Packet Ship CELIA, Captain Flet her. will sail 9TH
October.
FOR SAVANNAH
The Packet Ship EXACT Captain Johnson will sail 2nd
and the Packet Brig L. BALDWIN, Captain Thompson will
follow n the 5th October.
FOR CHARLESTON
The Packet Ship CHARLESTON Captain Brown will sail
End October.
The above all first c9s Packets fitted with thing
commanded by men Of weknown experience. ~
Persons wishing engage passage cabin second cabin
of the aove named packets can
best terms on applications to
W. s. J..TFTAPSCOTT,
s3Or az Peck slim cor Sontl s,raet
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01
VOL X.-No. sG9.--whoIs No. s4sI.

FOR CHARLESTON, HAVANA, KEY WEST, NEW
ORLEANS AND GALVESTON, (Texasp
ITO SAIL on Thursday, 5h October the elegant wei k9Sw
l. coppered ship NEW YORK, j. 7. Wright, Coni-
mander will sail above This steamer has been put ~ So
pee order for the season. and has extensive
with large and airy =, ,..; 49,
For passage freight of specie, apply 70 the Capan on
board North River 2nd wharf above Rector street.
orto A. HUBBARD X CO. ~ reck SIP
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-01

S&RA FOR SALE-The well known coppered and COP
xH4\, per fastened ship SlLVANUS JENKINS, Sc, mour
burthen and register 5i7 tons, carries 800 900
lbs OF from Mobile built in this by James
Morgan for samuel Hicks Co. under the inspection Of
All Macyher apron and top mbers OF live oak and
locushas standing and running rigging good prderad
new four years agos well adapted for whaler
line roomy deck Lies Dover street wharf Her inventory
can be seen at 81 w lillian street For terms, apply to
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04
DEMOCRATIC MEETING
REN, CRAWFORD 0

AT meeting Of the Democ Sta
county, at the Court House in ' - of ,
2S;h Oct, Gen. w. Duval, ey,
Chair, and Mr.. VIM. B. Heard the
cre,ary. The Chairman exPlaid ny,
the meeting, whom, upon the IND plre,
w. Clarke, which was adopted. |eve
ordered to appoint committee Of
10 draw up resolutions expresslH |ore
this meeting. shu
Whereupon, the following ss ih.
pointed, VIZ: 8ger
Geo. w. Clarke, ]. P. Smith, hy
Mcclellan, |. B. Austin. |. Wins |use
The committee retired, andaf la,
made tho following report; an
We the committee, appointed Ei,e
the purpose Of drafting resolu!iO ou,
the sense of this meeting, resped 10
That whereas in a free gov vcl
upon tho popular will for its sup hos
essential and fundamental princla
ever be, that the people arc the q
source of power a; holding i. as init
tina, 10 sustain this important pOlsted
representative should reflect the lcur
stiiuen.s-and that ho is bound {.
iions-and that denial of this e j
sition, is n denial Of the rights FIR
govern; and is Que Of the bold w
march TO dcspotism. But we pr JR.
Of the people, 10 assemble in tho,
sembIies and instruct their reprST
not be questioned, whatever diff
may be held by our political
whereas, three delegates have heooe
pointed 10 represent the county
tho Democratic State Convention !o'
Little Rock, on tho first Monda %.
next, who, at the time of their aIs y
no expression Of the public will oi-~''
party Of Crawford therefore, tose o
expressing our concurrence in ,hfck
our own said delegation, and to II
them our wishes:
Resolred, That We have full Coz, !.
ability and fidelity of Mcssrs. ~
Bell and Samuel G. HensIcy, Is x
concur in, and hereby approve
ment as delegates to represent tbs
Democratic State Convention. 4.
ReSoired, That VIC as Democrats, =
preponderance Of our principles
the support of our free institution,
tenance any and every effort TO =
of dissention and confusion in ouit
effort como from whatever quariePi
we hereby pledge ourselves to thd =
the State TO support the nominees
lion, whoever they may bo, or ~
may misunderstanding that none b y !.
will receive that distinguished III.
convention. Il
Resoired, That the great interS I;
Northern and Western sections of
sess, growing out Of our frontier PSo
er with the Democratic population a
nection with reasons equally potenf,4
this portion of tho State. to the n9,
tive in the Congress Of the United
Resolred, That our delegation to-
venIion 10 be held at Little Rock ,oIo
day of December next, be, and III
instructed to give their support tot
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

endcavor to further show in n
interests could and would be n}ntest
ed in Congress by western and tn
claims and in,reral import, their
weigh in the balance, sun;.J for c
our immediate and pressing into inc
called loudly and cmphaticaIi-
half. That while these inter Wn
ly sectional; they were. 4
State, national. That fsS n
" through veal and woe'''t - I.
the integrity Of our prihe sfs.i
we were conscious of q ~-<
ana to which l now ed. .hs....
renee continue, we. as ~
quarter, fear the conseque,. - II q.
'u'a' relation is strong thu, ali; - q
may weaken our ranks, and /, Paper
has increased the strength Of fhen
county when did Crawford
how has the entire NORTH. .w p, :
thus FAR (a"d gl0rieHslytoo.)whsl Fo
most entirely from any per,on base +,
administration Of either S,,,. liz y
these facts would respec,rull,, |ty.
important considerations which the
overlooked by the democracy .r an {
necessity exists, is manifest f,oE
yades throughout this section orkRE '
our rights. claims. and interc., sr Il,
assembling in their primary = el,
North and West. for the selcc,io, fol
Convention in December mex, e. hou
mating n candidate to be supn,,, BIT n
party for Congress. and they are bel
that must be unGerstood, thci, ct
ern man, and it requires but ,bs ppr
ton of the Northwest 10 ip,,,. .kedke
Associated with the former s,,IRt u
tion has been directed, is The con I
ry road upon our frontier, as III, az
means oi communication between y y
this time we are totally des.i,u,. On
cation is equally required from al in:
the frontier to the Mississippi r;yon,
cursthat for many months in the ~ ,1Nu
navigable. This argument
may be considered inconside,ab,.
on the other hand, pleads its eop,co 10
further say, that e,,his,;mo No
the same impcllent incv,,ivcs g. ~
the entire North. west, and s,u ~
TO all the appeals which our NV -
making, we turned an ins,,enliye
ly if not negligently disrcgardcd ;
our friends in other sections Of ~
they must be OF our rights, no, onl e ,
ancc, but raise voice in our deies IN
North and West, that democracy ~ r
and planted firmly the standard ID
breeze OF heaven the banner uponAe4
the principles for which she battle 1ek
has rallied, and under which shs-ol,
marched to victory, amidst the ove;ho {
ing efforts and cupidity of her foe,
WESTEEeH
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

United STATES Senator Ia Missouri.-The St
Louis Republican says tina. it is reported in tina!
city, that the Hon. David R. Atchinson had been
appointed by the Governor, United States Senator
to supply the vacancy occasoned bv the death of
DR.. Linn.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

The incessant falling weather that we have had
recently in this section of the State, will cause
the cotton crops to fall Off from our first expoc
talIons. We hope that this disappointment will
not discourage our planters from making another
trial. .h..
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Gov. P. M. Butler, United States Agent, for the
Cherokees, passed through Fort Smith, on the 3rd
instant on his way to his Agency. He will de.
part on or about the 10th inst. on his mission to
the council of Prairie Indians at Cash Creek on
Red riycr.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04
The river is low and falling.

We tender our thanks 10 the Secretary of the
Cracked Club at Fort Gibson. "Smoil favors
thankfully received, larger ones in proportion" !"
Will the rational Secretary inform US Of the
whereabouts and pursuits Of Or. Broadbrm. 1t
is dovcuiy wished that he will not bring into dis
rePute the science Of Seminol-ogy as did DR.. Pow
ell that Of Phrenoiogy.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Ihe onnuities for the Senecas, Quapaws an,
mixed bands of Senecas and Shawnees, will b.
paid about the 18th inst
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

From all the inquiries we have made, we learn
that the corn crops in this section of tho State will
be short. 1t will be advisable to holders of this
gram, not to be in too great haste in disposing Of
their stock on hand.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04
INDIAN AFFAIRS.

Capt. VIM. Armstrong, Acting Superintendent
Of the Western Territory, passed through our
town last Monday, on his return from Washing
ton city, with checks and funds to pay off tho In.
dian nnnuities and other claims in this Territory.
As the river is too low for navigation, the specie
portion of these funds may not reach here for
some time; consequently it is not in our power
to say what time these payments will commence.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Thomas L. Judge, ESQ.,, Seminole Sub Agent,
passed through Fort Smith On the Sd instant, on
his return from visit to the Acting superuten-
dent.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

A meeting Of the Agents of the different Agen-
cIes in the Western SUPPLEMENTARY will take
place at Fort Gibson about the goth December, in
pursuance to an order from the Indian Depart
ment.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Flour, at Cincinnati, October 18th, was sellin.
at 50 50 SO So; wheat zoe VIII iskey l74c,
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

X. "lckl'he, Jr., has received from Captain
Tyler tho appointment of Charge d'Afraires to
Sardinia.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Messrs. Foster and Journagaa arc elected U
States Senators in Tennessee.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

onF'ous'-one of the principal thorough ros
across Inc great Mountains in Vermont, in ascend.
ing tho mountain you pass three public houses
the hrst Of which is kept by Mr.. Chaseum. the
second Mr.. ketchum, and the las. of course. bv
Mr., killum. In descending tho othor side vo,,
pass three other taverns kept by Lord, an Angel
and Devil, respectively.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

The yellow fever was reported to be in Cincin,
natl on the Goth ulr.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04
FROM the Army and Nary Chronicle.
ARMY.

lsF ARTILLERY.-Company E. Bvt. Major saun.
ders, transferred from Houlton to Fort Sullivan
Passport Moino; and Company G. Captain ]. II
Winder, from Fort Sullivan to Houlton.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

1'ae~ Depof, &c. at MempAis.-The Memphis
nppoas o, Yet. 10Th says: Capt. Adams and
Lieut.. Johnson, U. S. N. arrived here IN No,d,
last TO resume the examination and s,rvo, c -.
harbor, with reference to the loca,;o, of ,ho NJ.
val Depot and Dock Yard. Capt. Rosscau is hour.
Iy expected, when the Boardwill be complete and
.comp,ence Onerations
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

MtHary.-We learn that Capt. J. P Davis
"A. z. NJ, has been ordered to Fort Smith to re.
lieve Capt. F.. B. Alexander, who is ordered &c
Washington city.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04
ADDITIONAL MILITARY FORCE UPON THIS
FRONTIER.

IL.
We are gratifed to learn that Gov. Yell is in
correspondence with the Secretary of War upon
this subject. He is urging the necessity and i'm
portance of additional troops on this frontier-of
the establishment of Military Post at or near old
Fort Wayne'--and the re-mounting of the So
cond Regiment Dragons. In urging upon the
War Department the necessity Of these measures,
Gov. Yell is performing his duty, and expressing
the wishes Of all the citizens on this fron,ler and
of cur whole State. If our Governors exertons
avail nothing at " Head Quarters" we sugges,
that the citizens themselves move in the matter,
Let them meet in primary assemblies and confirm
tho statements Of the Governor, and demand at.
tention from quarter that has hitherto turned
towards them a deaf ear. Or let them memorial.
ize Congress-let our memorial pass from county
to county through the Statc--let the voice Of the
sovoreigns be heard, and we know it will be at
tended to. More upon this subject in future mum.
bers.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

COtlunSHSo oPoioN'oHs.
Planters Bank at Memphis.--The Appen, oe
the Goth October says: " This institution is now
organized, and doing business in the house lately
occupied by Dr. Wheaton and Messrs. Brown g.
Stanton, on Main street, few doors North Of the
Rail Road. The bank will issue paper payable
and redeemabe at its banking house here, and sell
checks on Philadelphia at the lowest rates."
Buffalo Ou.--Fall upon your knees all you
bald crowned, slippery pated, sleek Uranium cod
gers, and offer up your thanks and most grateful
acknowledgements to your great benefactor, DR..
Quack. 1t is owing to the wonderful researches
Of this rema arkablo genius, that the important dis
covery was made, that tho aborigines of the north
west used bears oil at their toilet to promote the
growth, soliness and luxuriance of the hair. He
has discovered that "frequent badness" has been
cured by the use of this oil; it generally produces
new and much handsomer growth of hair.
Persons using this oil must be particular not to
drop any upon the face, neck hands, for in that
event "luxuriant growth" of hair will spring up
where nature never intended it.. The discoverer Of
this fact, happened accidentally to find il out by
being among the Comanches and the IliIIabaoos,
where they wear no clothes upon account of their
having such fine coats Of hair upon their bodies.
There he learned that the growth Of these hairy
garments was promoted by frequent use of buffa-
10 oil.
All who wish TO procure this article, almost
genuine, mixed with but small portion Of hogs
lard, can get supply at DR.. Dodge's Drug Store,
Little Rock.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

We are requested to invite the citizens of Van
Buren to meet at O'Clock, A. NJ, at Galeon' S
Hall, for the purpose of taking into consideration
the necessity and expediency Of procuring fire
engine and apparatus -a.......
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Coz. YIN. S. Fulton.--We are pained to hear
that this gentleman is lying dangerously i'll, at his
residence in Little Rock.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Norh Arkansas.--The editors of this paper
claims. as an act Of justice of US to publish their
refutation' of Col. Sewers charge, respecting
their report of his speech. The substance of Col.
Sewers charge against that paper, as contained
in our paper Of the 23d September is, :" that the
North Arkansas made false report of his speech
at Batesvie."
The North Arkansas containing the editors
"refutaton' is not before US. The "substance''
as we'll as we remember is, that Colonel Serier's
statement Of that "repO't" is false. We hope the
DR.. is satisfied
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Lieut. Col. r.. B. Mason passed through this
place on the 22d u't., eastward, on furough.-
Capt. Boon, U. S. Drugoons,is now in command
at Fort Gibson.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04
For the Arkansas Intelligencor.
NO. 2.

Humble my pretensons are in the theatre in which
have engaged-homesPun as my STYLE perhaps is
justly considered, was prompted by motvos-urged
BY by facts in assuming the
position Of the last communca ation and which shall
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Important rom Washingion.-The Madisonian
of 10th ult. says that the people are becoming
more and more in favor Of Mr.. Tylor's admins,
tration every day. We wonder how this noble
scion Of the Jones' family gets his information.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Noiice.-All persons desirous of joining the
"Assoclation of Hail Fellows" Of Van Barren,
will submit their application through the Post Of
flee. Direct ITO his High uod Mighty Excel.
lency, the President of the Hail Fellows. Van
Buren' -' -.-A- .... --s.-'
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04
For the Arkansas IntelI;oencor

-, ioi 'ne Arkansas intclligencer,
-hessTs. E@'f0rs:-l beg leave through your columns
TO invite discussion upon tho following points:
lst That tho infant of a believing parent 10
tural subject of baptism.
end. That baptism can a nd NAV he ,dn;,is,,o, l..
others than Bishop ordained Presbvtc,
assume the negative on the frs. ouestio, ,5 ,L
affirmative on the second and am prepared to prove
by the sacred scriptures, that the grounds take
true and orthodox. SIP
We beg 7eare TO inform S. II. P. that however,
laudable his object may be, we canno, approve of
religious controversy in newspaper, especially
in ours, the space of which is claimed by other
interests that we cannot dispute. 1t would be gra.
tifyng if his challenge is responded TO, that the
champions would moet at somo suitable place and
time, and discuss these points in debate. They
could each choose a moderator, with authority to
choose third. This mode is most in usage at
this time; and we think Il would be most agreoa.
bic TO all parties. Mr.. S. n. P. did not send his
name, but we presume he will, if his communica-
tion is responded to.
Cohon.--lt is evident that the present crop of
this staple must advance in price above last years.
The crops have fallen short somewhat in this coun.
try. In Egypt they have fallen far short of ex.
pectation. In the East Indies the " experiment"
on the American plan has failed, and will, from
all accounts, be entirely abandoned. Consequent
", the supply from that quarter will fall short Of
previous years.
Cotton must be scarccr and higher. From las,
accounts II held up well, and advancing in the
European markets. On the 18th and 10Th Sen.
'emOer' at London and Liverpool "thero had been
an Immense sale of colton-the market was brisk
and prices had improved"
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

The St. LOUIS Republican says: "Tho steamer
Lebanon passed Mr.. Audubon in "dug out"
heavily freighted with the fruits of his toll, de.
scend'ns the Missouri below Lexington. He will
arrive here if nothing delays him, on Friday the
9th October"
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Louisville Bar.-The "Dime'' Of ,b,, o,
'''a' ,S notorious that one half of the Bar i
composed OF broken-down singing school masters
country pedasogues and swindiing merchant.
who have ahsconded from neipbbor;po S,,,.
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

For the
base publi1
| il will at
jty. Allo|
b the infd
IAN carly
Arkansas intelligencer., 1843-11-04

Ian carly
RE WHld
n tho w
held on
i foflowi|
|
III meeti|
held in
pricty.|
I0kC SuHo|
IT tho nc
bt, at vi
) adop,e
"a the w
|1expedid
TO q
IN the ii
led that
SnationS
Isesidcnt|
ii Balti|
<lS44, a
spatcs &
Inlber Of
|fnle in Il