The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-23

oh fIuay evening, as we nave already stated,
the Hon. d. d. Barnard, NJ C. delivered the An
niversary Address before the patrons of the Ameri-
can Institute, in the Broadway Tabernacle, in this
city, which we are now enabled to furnish TO our
readers entire, as follows -
Mr. President AND
GESTLeMEN AMERICAN IssrI rurE-
The object oil this Association in its charter
OIL incorporation is the promotion and encouragement Of
domestic Industry in this State and the United States, in
Agriculture Commerce. Manufactures and the Arts and
any improvements made therein" And the means to be
employs for this purpose also described in the
charter, namely By wing rewards and other bene
hs, on those who shall make such ments
excel in any said branches and by such other avs
and means as to the said corporation the trustees there
Of shall appear the xpeaent" In carry ing out the
purposes Tor which the Institute established annual
fars nave been appointed 10 be held and now in
attendance on the sixteenth OF these agreeable Festivals
oil Labor At these Fairs specimens Ia each of the gre
departments OF human industry presented and arrang
ed fer exhibition, and inventions are offered in
spection and experiment. They Fairs of exhibition
rather than Of sale The highest efforts both Of inventive
genius and OF skill and expertness in production and in
workmanship, are exerted in the furnishing OF these
airs, stimulated by natural ambition to excel and by
generous strife for those prizes rewards and com.
mendaons which besto wed received the prsof
OF excellence. Seventeen thousand specimens exhi
Dted at one of these Fairs and hundred and fifty
thousand persons go in to look at them, and won
der. The mastery OF mind over the material things
OF this world, the fulflment Of the primitive COM
mand to man, TO subdue the EARTH is where stri
kingly shown and illustrated. Here it is seen how the
sterile ground has been made to yield its increasehow
to assume ten thousand shapes of utility and beauty
anu now all the elements OF power supplied so literally
most powerfulo of ALL hidden from common observation,
and revealed only to the digen and patient inquirer,
nave Deem boldly seized and subjected to the Will and
purposes oil man. Individual instances Of the triumph OF
mind over matter and the difficulties and dscour
agements of its earthly allotment attention and
draw from us Explanations of wondera the pyramid of
Cheops az Memphs the church and dome OF St Peters,
at Rome; the ship Great Britain constructed OF
iron and measuring three thousand five hundred tons;
locomotive, the Railroad Massachusetts
as ending with ease grade OF eighty three feet in the
ie a. the rate OF ten miles an hour, and carrying bur
then OF one hundred tons These individual to
show what the genius of mortal mind do with the
materials and elements of EARTH But alter all think
are never so struck with the amazing capabilities of
TINS same mortal mind as when, at such place the
exhibition rooms OF the American Institute,
brought together, and placed under view, at one
tme the prodgious number and variety of objects and
productions OF art and labor already perfected the
uses mankind and alreoiy employed and the prodgous
number and variety also of new things full Of the pro
mise of high utility with which ingenuity continually
teens only in such place that made acquaint
ed with the actual advance which mankind have already
secured In the work OF suit DUNG the EARTH end making
the tit and pleasant residence and soourn beings cspa
bic OF something better than animal existence in
multiply ing instruments and agents OF power, profit
venence and enjoy ment, and in his way aiding bring
about their deliverance from ignorance darkness
and error and their introduction into the marvellous
light OF knowledge, refinement and civilization. twas
part OF the original design OF the destitute, have
seen to encourage and promote agriculture. And the
Society now receives the aid OF the State in urherance
Of this object under the of the Legislature in relation
this branch of industry in the plans and operations of the
society TO which is naturally entitled. am glad TIL
this IS So The importance of agriculture, however, in
ITSELF is better understood perhaps than is its eco
nomcs relations to the other pursuits of industry.
shall deem myself happy if shall be able the course
oil my remarks this evening" 10 impress this Society and
those who hear with the fact and the great import
aoce the fact OF the necessary mutual dependence on
each other, existing between the different departments
the several grand divisions, Of human employment and
labor This dependence, mold to be necessary law OF
the separate existence OF these dep arents and without
division diVPrstv of No
Bile advance could be made in any branch, with such
division can any ranch, at least in such country
az h De made 10 advance and become truly and rerma
meny prosperous while any other branch shall be dis
couraged and retarded or be made to stand still All
must flourish or anguish together This smy opinion;
and propose to embrace the present OCCASION to Say
something en- this important topic. Perhaps we may see
how tns law OF necessary dependence arises and also
how another necessity arises nameytha OF exerting
the power Of the Society protect the several divisions
IN SO that the advance and prosperity of each
and all may be secured is not unfair perhaps to
slider the anniversary addresses delivered before the In
sue on the occasion OF its annual Fsrsas part OF those
new products oil domestic industry which it is usual TO
call forth Certain is that those heretofore delivered
have done the Institute we'll their authors
dit and they form, taken together body of sound
matter before the public the value of which would be
diicultt estimate among those oher maansn which
the Institute was to employ, according 10 its charter in
promoting end encouraging the interests of agriculture
commerce. manufactures and the arts cannot hope to
be able 10 add muchto this stock Of useful prod ucs
claim possess skill whatever in any of the depart
mens OF industry referred to- wish could-and very
assigned me Tor this occasion. There are, however,
principles connected with the edvance and
civiliz ation which ought to know something about,
ard in regard to which may speak, perhaps, without
esumption-possiby with some profit And here, be-
lore go one step further wish to be understood Poll
teal economy scientific subject and such propose
to speak Of it 1t subject certainly mportsnt TO be
under stood by those who associate the protested object
of promoting domestic industry And the very fact that
opinions differ in degree about its principles and the
practical rules to be adopted for domestic in
n ~
sion before this bopy The discussion may easily be
conducted so es give cause of offence TO human be
ing The subject belongs to science, and not to politics
or party. eau more think myself liable to give Just
OF offence TO any by offering my sentiments here
the scientific principles OF political economyon the
laws which govern production-than if were to offara
dissertation on chemistry applied to Soils tempe
ure. The subject Of the laws which govern pro
ducton and the creation and distribution Of wealth.
has only in comparatively recent times been in
vestigated and subjected to philosophical discussion
and arrangement Political economy is altogether
modern soience-if science it may yet be called
as we hnd displayed in the works Of some of its pro-
lessons The father of the scienceor OF whatever there
scientific about the present state Of the subectAdaw
Smith, first published his Wealth Of Nations in I776
writers the subject who preceded him. in France
Italy and England, specialists, who amused
themselves with defending the theoretc vagares of the
mercantile or The agricultural semthe system which
made oil national wealth consist of gold and silver,
proessed to have discovered that wealth be got
of nothing but land The main body of the writers
this subject since DR. Smith have been his disciples and
not too much to say that in their hands the science
has made little advance Many have differed from him in
something but few have ventured to mpesch him of fun
damenta error. Some have, indeed done so, and with
full success Smith has certainly this mcrthe explod
ed the speculatssthe Davenarts and the Quesnays OF
political economy HIS system superseded theirs, just as
that Of Socrates In moral SCIENCE superseded those OF
Thaes and Pythegoras. Like Socrates he discovered
some sublime and immortal truths; but he also fell into
great errors the more serious they of practi
cal kind He proceeded regularly by the method OF
induction, till he had demolished the mercantile and sgri
cultured 81 stems, resting they did speculation; and
then, he came to the important business OF
building up practical system of his own he also fell to
| specializing His disciples, Nautilus Ricardo Say,
| NcCulloch and the rest, have adopted and taught
his nductive ruhs; and then, matters of practical
import have specalaed just their great did be-
fore them and u,t Zeno Plato and the specua
ed in philosophy after the example of Socrates their
ter. These speculaons not without tb cir value but
truth demonstrated is worth great deal Because