davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14
From Gougc's Joornal Of Banking
CONVERTIBLE PAPER"

1t is point very generally assumed BY
the friends of the present banking system,
and some times tacItly admitted by some
OF its opponents, hat so long as the banks
promptly redeem their issue on demand,
the amount of currency is the same as it
would be if we had only metallic medium,
and that prices are consequently the same
as they would be if our money consisted
exclusively of gold and silver coin; or,'hat
if they ever differ from, tie scale, tits only
in slight degree, and fora short period =
In ether wor ; they assume rs a fact that
the bank notes which then circulate mere
Iv displace an equal amount of gold and
silver currency.
1t is very convenient assumption for
them, hut ii is entirely grhtni;ous one
Yet il is position OF so much i'm 'ort'nre
that ITS truth ought not To e taken tor
granted. lit certainly assuming a greai
de Al. ,na-s ,Inr that Two kinds of money
81 ver> diff reul from one another as coin
and up r will me in value. They
dl#al a ~ u re cause OF their value, and
IA je- nature "a her value. The value
.of toe 1u Is intrinsic, or inner MT IN lis
ey IF. 5 AUG. The val III the other
Is ad cititiHS. being dependent entirely on
an opinion taat netting possessing inhe-
rent valu. can be got in ex hange FIR it,
Paper money is merely the representative
of a debt due by the issuer to the holder.
Gold and silver may be said to represent
the labor and the capital which have Seen
employed in producing them. Ihe qu NJ
,i,y OF paper money may he suddenly IN
creased or diminished in afarSe u'iiouu,'
The quantity of s~'u ana s.lVei caiiuo' SUI
donly be elder greatly diminished OF gfeat-
Is augmented.
1t is, we repeat it, assuming a great
deal to take for granted that prices are
the same while the currency consists Of
sconverlible paper" as it would be if the
currency consisted exclusively of gold and
silver money. lisa position which ought
to be prored, if it can be proved, But n
never yet has Ieen proved. And we defy
the friends Of the present Banking system
TO prove it. ~,
In 1880, the issues of the banks amour
lied 10 6l millions of dollars; 1888, TO W
millions; in 1850 lOS millions; in 1886
10 14O millions and in the beginning o
| 1897, l49 millions = During all this lime
1.-The banks we're paying specie. tht
i short period Of six wears, the circulatio'
was more Than doubled. Is 1t possible I
conceive tha, such an augmentation wool'
i have taken place if our currency had con
!, sisted exclusively Of gold and siIyerl Ac
!, cording 10 Jacobs, The whole quantity {
Il The precious metals in the void is eqa'
5 to ten thousand million dollars. AccorC
: ing 10 Galla.in, the mines. when most pr'
: ductive, weld about fifty millions yea
]. The annual supply is 70 the stock on hal
e eonal 10 one half per cent How The
!. would it be possible for gold and sllverm
ney to fuctuate as convertible paPe
/. hurtaatesP
~ Take again the circulation of the ban
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14

10 heaven from where | am; and 1t l. On
my hca, he The one errand NY life
like he aidding of u d--io' ,mpl,rc YOU
to prs pare-hr ndem. nj. Oh,mN lord! with
yolr glorious pooe.s, with your won
,ou, q s, c not lost! 10 not, for the
poor pie slres OF a world like this, lose
an eternity in which yonr great mind will
o'nstrIp the Intelligence Of angels. Mea-
sure This thlught-scan the worth OF an
gehc bliss with The intellect which has
rang 50 glorIously through the universe:
DO moi, on this one momentous subject OF
human nieTest--on this alone be not short
sighteI"
"What shall doP" suddenly burst from
Byron's lips in a tone of agony. But with
an effort - if struggling with DEATH
pang, lie again drew up his form and re
oumo the marble calmness Of his coun-
tenance.
The dying girl, meantime, seemed TO
have lost herself in prayer. With her
wasted hands clasped on her bosom, and
her eyes turned upwards, the slight motion
of her lips betrayed to tn around her
that she was pleading at the throne OF mer-
cy. me physician crept close to her bed
side, but with his hand in his br asst, and
his head bowed, he S emed but watching
for the moment when The soul should take
its flight.
She suddenly raised herself on the pill
low. Her long brown tire SEES fell over
her shoulders, and a brightness, unnatural
aud almost le :. |, kindled IN her e es.--
She seemed endeivoring t. speak, and
gazed steadlastly at Byron. Slowly, then
and TRANQUILITY, she sunk back again upon
her pillow, and as he, hands fell apart, and
her eyellds dropped, she murmured:.-
"Come to Heaven!' and the stiffness Of
death wa, in the room. The spirit haC
| fed.
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14
SONG.


BY o. W. HOLMES, OF BOSTON.
A health to dear woman! she bids us en-
Irvine
From the cupt encrcles the fast clinging
vine;
But her cheek in its crystal with pleasure
will glow,
And mirror its blossom in the bright wave
below.
A health to sweet woman! the days are no
When she watched for her lord till the
revel was DER,
And smoothed the white pillow, and blush
ed when he came,
As she pressed her cold lips on his forehead
of flame.
Alas! for the loved one! too spotess and
fair,
! The ioys of his banquet 10 chasten and shares
/ Her eye lost its light that his goblet might
shine,
n And the rose OF her cheeK was Dissolved ih
Il his wine.
Joy smiles in thy fountain, health flows in
therills, G
As their rbbands of silver unwind from
the hills;
They breathe not the mist Of the bachanal'i
dream.
But the lilies of innocence float on the
stream
Then health and welcome to woman
once more
She brings us passport that laughs at oul
door;
1t is written on crimson-its letters are
pearls
1t is countersigned NArURE--so, room fol
the girls!
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14

when any married persons became dissat-
isfied with their choice, on publication Of
their intention to dissolve the matrimonial
tie for 30 days, the same shall lie consid-
cred as done.
If this law pass. Texas, may soon be a
"Singufar country" inducing Cupid, at 4
least, to regard it as the Republic of the
Lone Star.
Mr.. Sparks introduced resolution TO
amend the Constitution, so tnat the Presi-
dent shah be elected for the term Of for
years and be eligible toic-seciion; Sena-
tors elected for four years; Members of
the House Two wears; and the Congress be
he' only once in two years.
The motion on the bill TO remove the
archieves which was posipored on the
26th inst, has been recons dered and the
bill laid on the table There was bill in
troduced TO give the President command oil
The Army in person, tn case OF an lnva-
sion.
A bllhas been brought forward TO SO al
tel the tonnage duty on vessels as TO levy
the tax only upon the actual measurement
of their freight and at the rate OF live tons
for every three passengers.
Bills have been introduced into the
House to enquire into the expediency OF
passing som > law to confiscate the estates
Of enemies and traitors TO the republic ito
establish Sabbath or day Of rest through
out the republic. The latter would seem,
to US to have been established long ago by
, the Bible.
The President has issued proclama-
, lion revoking the proclamation OF bis pre-
dece ssor Whereby the duty on French
: wines was abolished. The proclamation of
+ General Lamar was not authorized BY law,
or required by any treaty with France,an
. was the subject of complaint when firstis-
sued.
Maj Rely, late minister to the United
States reached the seat Of Government on
/. the 18th inst.
o We look for the announcement Of the
ratification of the treaty between Texas
4 and the United States.
Ithighly creditable to Major Rely, that
!. before leaving the United States, he took
: the precauton TO procure triplicate copy
i of the treaty, in order g guard against any
: accident which might beial the duplicate,
! which was IN fact lost on board the steam
= packet Merchant on her passage to Gal
Il yeston
f On the 18th, messenger arrived in
!, Washington from the Wacoe Village, and
!. brought news that the representatives of
; twenty.one tlibes of Indians had arrived at
4 that village, and we're waiting the arrival
). of commissioners to conclude a treaty of
h peace. .s.
!, The steamer Lafitte, with cargo Of
3l9 bales of cotton, SO hides, and two
!, bales deer skins, from Brazos for Calves
] ton, went ashore on the 20ih,on the beach,
. after having passed San Louis. Previous to
! that the force OF the waves had raised the
starboard gunnel, and filed'the false side
a with water.
The LATTE was only about one year old
/, WAS built at Velascos of the best CO.
!. dar and live oak, and cost nineteen thou
sand dollars-She was owned by Messrs.
> Mckinney g. Williams and Captain Ha-
/. = yiland--Mr. G. Power having an in
= terest of $500 in her. She was not in
sured.
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14
A SIGN WORTHY OF Nor: {.

49, ..:..---a nlasSachuSetts,
Concord Concord Heights, gave large majorities
= Do sSvot the Democratic candidates.
These places were among the most cell
ebrated battle grounds of the revolution. 8
All Concord and Lexington, the first blood
was shed in battle between the British sol.
diers and American citizens. II was there
that was first heard, the cry, to arms! 1t
was there the people first left theirploughs
and their workshops, and hastily ran VITA
such arms as were at baud TO encounter
The hireling myrmidions of British iyran- I,
nv. Ii was from thence that the news
spread VITA lighining-like rapidity, to
leyery town and village in the colonies,
i that blood had been sshed--that a victory
4 was won. And Dorchester Heights Old
Bunker's Hill! the very name will forever
electrify the heart Of every true American
\ and Charleston that was wrapped in
llurid fiames--fired by the British 10 cover
their advancing hosts--while the battle
was raging on the heights Isitnot glo.
rious that these places should still be
among the foremost in the good cause
: Liberty and equality, was the motto OF our
brave ancestors, so let it still be ours
A They hazarded their lives ana fortunes to
!, secure US the enjoyment of free and libe.
raj institutions, and shall we permit them
TO be wresled from us,,or crippled and
: FILTERED away, by the insidious attack of
T money mongers and corporations These
are the modern Implements Of aristocracy
mot less dangerous andobnoxious to true
e liberty and democracy, than was formerly
O the tyranny Of kings and mobiles.
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14
LATEST FROM TEXAS.

BY the steam packet Neptune, Capt.
Rollins, so hours from Galveston, we are
in possession OF flies of papers from Gal
weston to the Oath, Houston the goth, and
Austin the 10Th.
The intelligence is of some iaterest,
commercially and otherwise.
General Someryell does not command
the army that has gone to Laredo.c He
desired to wait until further orders should
be received from the President, and the
troops became so much dissatisfied, that
they requested Col. james r. Cooke OF
Washington, to take the command. A
meeting was held in Camp, and they de-
tcrmined 10 march the next morning for
the Preside. Col. Cooke, accordingly led
the way with his regiment, and the others
followed. General Somervel although
dissatisfied with the movement, reluctantly
accompanied them.
When list head from, they were about
seventy miles from Laredo, and were MAX
ing forced marches to surprise the town.
There were only twenty or thirty Next
can troops in the town, AID it has proba-
bly, been captured without the firing of a
gun.
Col. Lubbock, and his command are left
behind-they being detained on some du-
ty, which before they could finish, caus-
ed the army to be nearly seventy miles in
advance. Their mules we're worn out,
and they could not overtake the main bo-
dy,
The Mexican set,lementsiyled New Ba-
hia, better known as Carlos Rancho, was
destroye ed few weeks ago by pasty oi
volunteers from Victoria, under ne COM
mand of Capt ] Owen. 9ne Mexican
settlers in this place. I'D frequently man
ifeste1 hostility ,owards the AMERICA
ros;d;nc no. there, and whenever q Mex
;.on efce was near there, they became
usolent, and often ,peared armed Mex
lean soldiers we're often seen al the setlle-
ment, and it is evident they came as
spies.
The citizens Of Victoria raised COM
pany of 100 men, and gave the inhabit-
ants fair warning OF coming punishment,
when they .incontiIenllyfled TO Matamo'
rs.. where they made complaints to the
Mexican authorities, and requested that a
detachment Of soldiers might be sent tc
punish the citizens Of Victoria, and to pro
tect the Mexicans on the San Antonio Ri
YER. The officer in command, informed
Them that the Mexican government coul'
not at presen. grant them The protection
thew required, but he would SEND detach
ment of soldiers with them to retahate up
on the citizens of Victoria the injuries in
flicted uponth
mo fears are entertained Of their com
ing.] !.
Congress has done little; and that wit
a bare quorum. It's said The law of July
in,eferlering with Exchequers, will be re
pealed.
/ By statement from tho Treasury De
partment ii appears there were not owe
$40 900 Exchequer Bills in circulation o
/ 1.-The LIST day OF this month.
Il A bill has been introduced 10 repeal ii
: duties on iron, steel, salt, sugar, coffee,ar
: all kinds of provisions.
J, Scores, and almost hundreds ofpetitio
d have been offered, praying for divorce
n and all have been referred TO the Comm
; tee on the state Of the Republic. n
% Grimes, chairman, says he intends to |
them all in one bill, and report farora5
Is How ever, bill introduced, providing,t
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14

SUCCESSOR TO BIsHor EvGLANp.-It is
announced that the Rev. DR.. O'Conner,
pastor of the Church Of St. Paul's, in
Pittsburgh, has been appointed Roman
Catholic Bishop of Charleston, in place Of
Bishop Eng and, Observation-Disclosures
! COVr. ma
-,vry way SINH
Independent Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Miss.) 1842-1844, 1843-01-14

when any married persons became dissat-
isfied with their choice, on publication Of
their intention to dissolve the matrimonial
tie for 30 days, the same shall lie consid-
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-01-28
From the Daily Utica Democrat
IMPEACHMENT OF THE PRESIDENT.

II is often surprising, and sometimes amusing re-
mark to what extent insane persons and mad poll
ticians will carry their profoundly. Not content
with having appeared silly on several previous
sions Mr. John NJ Bolts, of Virginia, recently intro.
duced into the House of Representatives articles Of
i'm eachmenl against President Tyler. The House
refused to postpone their consideration, and promptly
rejected them, by strong vote. Mr. Bolts is one
who, from strong friend, has become bitter per
sonal enemy of the Presden'.
This plan Of impeachment evnces the character Of
the opposition TO President Tyler. 1t is merely and
wholly ersona Neither of the great parties
ture to take issue with him upon the measure Of his
administration the recommendations of his message,
his conduct of the Foreign Relations, the Finances
of the Government, or the management OF our public
affairs generally by his administration.
If he or the administration are IN the wrong, why
do they not He is surrounded by men, as the whole
country knows, prolessedly his opponents, ready
to take advantage of any mIsdeed Of The administrs
ton which could enable them TO overthrow it, take
from il one Of the confidence reposed in ii by the
masses.
And yet, the principal charges which can be trump
ed up by the Presidents bitierest enemy in Congress
a high toned Wing, and arde friend Of Mr. Clay,
are promptly poted doicn IN Wing Colgr ST avs
show which way the wind blows and from tins the
people Judge of the merits of the administration.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-01-28
From iAs Pillss.,s Morning Chronicle.
THE EXCHEQUER.

The following petition "a 10 circulation in our city
and 4 receiving numerous signatures
To The Honorable hs Senais and House Of Repesenta-
fire, Of he United States IA Congress assembled
The memorial of the undersigned, citizens Of Pitts
burg and Allegheny county Pennsylvania, respectful.
~ represents
chants Mechanics Farmers or Manufacturers -
that many of them, by no course OF mprOyldence or
dishonesty their part, have been driven from their
yocations and stripped, not merely OF property
but of the means Of securing provision for their tam
lies and above all, are deprived OF the prospect Of
escape from present distress by the threatening Of
gloomy future that such of them as remain enga-
ged i'm their several occupations, have witnessed
rapid decline of values and decay oil business which
must be fatal to their prosperity unless speedily ar
rested that they regard the arrangement and dis
orders of the currency the prolific cause Of the
evils and injuries of which they complain
Your memoralists further represent that they res
peetyey belong to all the political parues OF the day
holding different shades OF opinion as TO the precise
measure of relief which is best calculated To attain
the desired results :; that while some of them prefer
a Bank of the United States others an independent
Treasury, and others the project oil an EAchequer
Board as recommended by President 1yler,--they
hold unanimously to the opinion, that the EXchequer
proiect would be found in practice an efficient
measure of relief - and adequate to the regulation
of the currency and that while this IS, OF all, the
only project of law which IS strengthened 10y execu
tive Recommendation, they earnestly urge It upon
your favorable consideration
Your memorialists disclaim the purpose OF setting
up executive sanction the motive 20 legislative ac-
ton but believing they do, that the President IS
perfectly sincere in his anxiety TO alleviate the dis
lresses of the people, yet restrained by honest
vctions of duty from yielding his approval to other
measures devised for the purpose and more ac'
ceptabe to Congress, they hold that the case be-
comes one in which concession aud compromise on
the part of your honorable bodies emnenly pro-
per- if not imperiously enjoined by the suffering and
embarrassment prevailing the whole land.
Your memoralisls, therefore, most earnestly, but
respectfully, pray your honorable bodies 10 pass
law for the regulation of the currency imbOdying
the principles and general features of the plan of
Exchequer Board, ~ emanating from the Executive,
and now in possession of your honorable bodies.
And your memorialists will ever pray, &c.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-01-28
THE ExCHEaUER RESOLUTION.

As was readily TO be foreseen, the House OF
Representatives, yesterday, by conjoined
vote of both parties, rejected the Exchequer bill
furnished at the last session by the Secretary OF
the Treasury, and earnestly urged in two an
nual messages by the President of the United
States. The parties seem thus TO be resolved
that no relief shall go TO the country unlll lhey
have tried the issue of National Bank and a
Sub Treasury. The very fact that the Exche-
quer would have given full and immediate re-
lief; that in twelve months II would accomplish
what Bank cannot, II capable of good at all,
achieve short of twelve years-Qt was full
twelve years before the late Bank reached an
issue of fifteen millions, was sufficient TO con-
denim it, The additional facts that ii would have
relieved the Treasury, by adding TO its resources
for the next twelve months, $40 100000; that
a sound and safe currency would have been
furnished the country, and that trade and bust
ness would have revived under its influence,
thereby establishing just claim to popular ia
vor, on the part Of the Administration these
were reasons enough with the presen, Congress,
not one-fourth of whose members will be return
ed to the next, to induce its rejection We have
no regrets to express but for the country. The
Administration has done its duty, and its whole
duty. The measure recommended by the Pre-
sident has been endorsed by hundreds Of the
most intelligent men of the county. Me-
MORALS signed by thousands Of our fellow
citizens, have come in TO Congress, all
praying immediate action and the passage
of the bill-but their demands have been, so far,
neglected. We have only now to invite the at
tention of Congress the state OF the finances.
tits its duty provide the ways and means.
Ii has rejected the plan of the Administration
to do this, and now the whole responsibility is
on its hands. II The Treasury is to be bankrupt
Or, if in order to avoid this, the public service
shall have to be but i'll supplied, and, as is most
probable, its great operations reduced, if moi
suspended-an Intelligent People will know up
on whom to visit their sentence of condemna-
ton. The Administration will do all in its
power to secure the public salty and interests
but with trade stagnant-credit paralyzed, and
confidence struck dCwn-its greatest efforts may
be vain. Ere il be too late, we call on Con-
gress to look to the state of the finances TO correct
the deficiencies of the Revenue-to provide the
ways and means for the public administr. ton No
matter which party shall be in the ascendency in
the next Congress, we augur for it no bed of
roses. A naked Sub Treasury will not relieve
the Treasury, nor can a National Bank, if
forthwith chartered. bring relief for years We
repeat, the Executive has done its duty, and il
leaves the tnanciers Of both parties to digest
the means Of relief.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-01-28

and in power the same, they had but one object
in yiew-but one great work TO periorm-and
that was the psomotion OF the natiou's prospsri-
". IL the shades Of those venera'ed men could
be disturbed in the land to which lhey have
gone, they would be utterly unable 10 rest at the
sight Of the mockery Of patriotism and states
manship exhibited in the American Capilol.
But, while every American must mourn inc
loss of national character by the acts OF the men
whom the People have honored with h'gh
places Of trust and honor, they have cause TO
rejoice that few noble souls are left for It's res
cue from utter ruin. Who these are, may be
seen by the works they are endeayonng 10 per
form. The contrast between them and Their
political party opponents will show who are Tor
the country, and who for faction, who Tor the
relief required, and who for the manufacture OF
Presidents. " lille the patriotic band are using
every exertlon for the adoption OF such mea-
sures as would tend TO the prosperity OF the
whole country, the factions that oppose them
are wasting their time in frivolous objections
and uiang party specuations. The country
must behold The difference between their true
Representatives and the miserable agents Of
party, who deal in nothing but slang and invec-
tive, and denounce every thing of high public
character and operate alone for the advance
ment Of private interest. Let these heroes go
forward in their work of party destruction
Let them use their powers for the prosration OF
the mean and meagre spirit which has too long
usurped d, minion in the legislative halls Of the
nation. The eyes Of the world are upon them
Their work and worth wil--must be estimated
and while the crumbling factions they oppose,
shall tolter and fall at their feet, they shall GO
forth from victory TO victory until right shall as
sumo its place and the country triumph over
faction.