Richmond daily Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1842-1861, 1843-05-23

G)vcrnment IL seems especially be made the duty Of
the House OF Representatives originate all means rev.
enue, or which shall essentially affect the There
have been lew In which treaties have been entered
into having the effect limit duties. But not neceSsa
~ 70 go on the idea thatif understanding
with governments the Of duties, that understanding
can only be effected by Of Treaty ratified by the
President aud thirds Of the Senate according 10 the
forms OF the Constitutions because following the example
OF the government IN what existshc arrangement
between the United States and England touching the colo
NAL trade practically give to an between
the two the force of law by ordinary OF
legislation You all know that the present basis of trade
between the United States and the British Colonies on
the concurrent acts the concurrent conditional OF ley
islauon of the two countries. Remember that the Senate
aud House Of Representatives have passed upon terms
OF intercourse with the British Colonies and so have both
Houses OF the British Parliament; and the Executive de.
parimen enter into any negotiation the subject duties
then IN the there be made the
agreement that party pass law providing du-
uo the other should provide by law for equivalent duties
mention this because have il often stated that
regulate duties by treaty would be deprive the House Of
Representatives the gcatpopular branch of the Legislature
OF ITS Just authority. Ii IL true treaty is the law of the
land. may repeal law OF Congress; but the whole
business ot revenue and finance, ut providing for all the
wants Of the country peculiarly the business OF the House
oi representatives, am OF opinion and always have been
that there should be the Executive
by the Legsaiurc-by the President and Senate under
the treaty making power, except in unmportan such
as the treaty with France in regard wines and 9TH
Well, then, genlcmen if it be a constitutional mode of
arranging the subectby means OF negociaon what there
IN the present state OF relations with England which
makes desirable that such attempt should be made
All OF us know that the principal OF the L. :
all under considerable degree OF depression The
merca interest depressed the manufacturing interest
depressed, and far as able perceive, the agricu
ura interest of both North and South equally depress
cd II look nj the price current in the grain growing
States Of the West in the plantation states of the South
perceive again depression and great encourage
ment TO activity and emulation. What Is there
dluon-whatis there in the between the
countries TO justify an attempt al the arrangement have
mentioned
Well gentlemen, this subject speak without any au.
thoutv IL u foe 10 speak Of sentiments
OF persons abroad this subject But that the
opinion has become somewhat that with England
arrangement might be made favorable great agr-
cultural interest That agreement must OF be founded
on an adequate consideration. But the objects OF the
agreements which 1t Is supposed may be favorable the L.
), may mention the admission INTO England, for
SUMPTION at Ocer rates Of duty SereTdi Of large
rieuifHGl products IL has been supposed example,
that England may be induced make important reduc-
tons IN her duties tobacco; confess have never been
able 10 see why not The tobacco duty in England Is
mere matter OF revenue There collateral ulteror
"oect IN H. lhe question, therefore, IN the minds OF I'm.
glsh Statesmen, rs II me- only be whether
reduction of the duty will diminish the aggregate Of reye.
nue. We all know that II oi;en increases this aggregate
and regard TO this article reduction Of duty halt should
augment mporiaonS oneha it clearly OF equal benefit
10 the English revenue.
1t Is supposed, too, that the duty may undergo
material and beneficial change And this article
much depressed other Then again. Is this great
product of in the United Saics-Mase or as 1t
Is called, Indian Corn haven't heard suggestion from
any quarter that England would be inclined a modca
uon Of her Corn Laws, properly called her du
ties ON Wheat and Flour. But has been suggesicd-
know not with how much usbility-and beg It NAV be
received as merely suggestion OF own,-I have heard
suggested that IN regard this article Of wholesome and
cheap food, England might be induced place upon Its
importation a low and fixed Of duty. Now Il j. at
least worth nquirng hat will be the value OF this adms
SION Com the great Grain product Of the United States
The statistical tables show that bushels OF Indian Corn
raised IN the United States for every Wheat and the
surplus OF this article beyond the Of the
81 home, It II but small surplus could be
introduced al lower rates of duty, would make wide diff
ference in the aggregate.
lam aeare, gentlemen, and many of YOU know all this
subject better than do) that this j. article Of heavy
freight and brought Maryland and Virginia
and Carolina To Boston and Maine. The question
Is whether would not be worth while entertain the
purpose try the experiment. oarangng with England
dimnuuon OF the duty upon this article. In considering
II, every body asks what the Guild pro guO-what the
equivalent Tor this concession For what nducement may
we nope that this be Obiained1 In.
doubiedy undoubtedly the only iuduccment could hold
out TO England would be modification OF the Tariff OF the
United States. The proposition may unwiso, be-
cause the Tariff Is Tor Revenue only but Protection
aso and how tar both or either OF these objects could be
hrmy maintained under any modification the Tariff j.
question Of great dehcacy and great difficulty. NV cx.
perlence has given clear knowledge Of It, but this
do know-thai by making the Tariff stable and firm we
snail render II healthiul and Judicous If BY any great
operation that should the and opinions Of
y Protection . Amer
lcah INDUSTRY ana Amencan labor permanent tOunda-
ton; that much important consideration than the
degree TO which Protection may be extended. Appause
Depend upon H. gentlemen II Is change and apprehension
OF change that uunerye every working.mans tins
section OF country lAppaUse Changes felt changes
feared are the banc OF industry and enterprise
lAppause9 live IN quarter Of the county full Of IN
uusuy, win some capital and activity: and when
among my neighbours they ask Gods sake tell Us what
TO expect Lay down your law; prescribe your rule; let
US see what will be the oousre of the Government and
VIII apply industry and capital and our skill 10 the
state OF things be u what il will Cool u, u.s. freeze
U.s. scOrch usdo what you please; but let know what
You intend TO do and stuck TO II! Laughter aud applause
Now am Of opinion that If Is any policy capable OF
combining the North and South and East and West.
stamp that with permanence for twenty years and would
be better and better every and the country would be
more prosperous than 1t has been for years part.
Now gentlemen, we have fallen into some errors in the
course OF our treaty arrangements, not IN own
country than in others, but ALL We have dealt too much
IN gencfaiues in the terms OF treates-as when
speak OF placing nation Of the favored no.
uoh. In my opinion, whatever treaty stipulation should
enter into always best that it should be SPECIFIC ind
puabe, precise In making treaty with another nation
We say that we will place her upon the footing with
the most favored nations. What does that meant Ii has
no practical meaning u because tbecomes necessary
deal win all sorts Of gencaty-thcTe j. stand
ard We make treaty with Russia for example and slip
uaie That III" duty ton Of iron shall be much and
more That the dnty hundred Of hemp shall be so much
wen, we 90 10 make with the Celestial Empire.
That deals only in silks and We tell her she shall be
placed on the footing of the favored nations How
shall We give Iauii for Russia which shall have any ap
pcaon 10 the OF Chnul All history shows that these
geneaizng treaties productive Of nothing but discnrd
ana confusion. We have treaties with France Portugal
and Belgium; and the Congress passes an act law
ng duty, have complaints one or all Of these Stae:
OF nacons OF their treaty; and these complaints are not
always easily answered rcconccd In all such ca.
ses the supulanons should be specific.
will add that does follow because one nation
enters into supuatOns with another becomes the duty
any 10 associate IN league against interests of other
States. Mutual supulatons may certainly be made with.
out doing injury to other States For example nut the
cnse not rs one n which should choose make pnct.
cal experiment, but simply illustration Of the general
principle Let M udycr the Of trade between this
country aud Bruzi the interests of both countries
would not require or Justify stipulation Of the mutual
advantage Of the What the state of trade between
Brazil and the United Sntesl I ought to take shame 10
myself for assuming to speak Of such subject here; before
gentlemen most Of whom know Of II than do But
use 1t ~ illustrate the general character Of all trea-
ucs There j. no unequal trade in the world than that
between the United States and Brazil. Il is altogether on
one side The United States take five millions n
believe tflo more u Brazilian products una1ed and
hail million slightly taxed mean her sugar. And what
do they receive from uuoXed2 Nothing at all! Their
cOmmudlupa States ovcrsety