The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-12-28

I
bers of the Lyceum in the Tabernacle, Broadway,
last evening the subiectbeing the French Revolu-
ton of 1880.
In his preceding lecture, Mr.. Everett commenced
by remarking, he had taken a rapid survey of the
principal events and characters of the French revo-
luton, from its commencement in 1889 to the abb
dication of Napoleon he now proposed TO continue
his series of remarks, in the same cursory way, up
tc the rebellion commonly so called, of the Three
Days, which terminated, for the present, at least
the great course of events which commonly went
under that title. The real and substantial cause of
this revolution, as he had previously remarked,
consisted in the incongruiy between the existing
state OF society and the established form of govern
ment the form Of government by which the whole
political power OF the state had been attributed 10
few hereditary rulers, remained unaltered whilst,
In the meantime, the mass OF the people who had
risen rapidly IN civilization felt their Importance,
and deemed that they possessed in no
| small degree, wealth and knowedge--the ele-
ments of power-they had right to be ad-
united TO some share in the administration of the
government. This position taken by the people
was obviously Just5 but 1t was also not unnatural
that II should be strongly resisted by the privileged
classes, who owed all their importance to the ex-
listing system, and this conflict of interest, opinion,
and feeling, which, under other circumstances might
have terminated amicably resulted IN CONFUSION
struggle-of which he had detailed some of the
principal movements in his last lecture-was car
RED on IN various parts of Europe and with various
success. For time the advantage remained al
most wholly upon the side of the people. In
France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, in great part of
Germany, and throughout the western part of Eu-
rope, the people succeeded IN revolahonizlng the
governments which existed, and in founding others
Of more liberal character upon their ruins Great
Britain, however, formed exception TO this re-
mark, because the revolution Of 1858 had accom-
modated the form of government there in great
degree to the wishes of the people and the altered
condition OF society, so that they (he people) had
less cause for complaint, and consequently less zeal
and power upon the popular side. AT length, how
the war into the enemies territory, and they planted
the standard OF their head quarters upon the site of
the revolution in Paris. This change of fortune
nevertheless, was more apparent than real ;
1t was owing to a change In the opinions and feel
ngs of the people in reference to the character and
proceedings of their own champion. Napoleon,
essentially mere soldier forgot, in his professional
zeal for war; the duties that belonged to his polti
cal situation, tor, instead OF relieving the people
from the expressions under which they We're sut-
terlng, and admitting them to share In the admin
lstratlon OF government, he monopolized the whole
power in his own person. and exercised a degree of
oppression which they had never suffered from
their legltlmlst rulers. They found that the only
object for which Napoleon employed his splendid
military talents, was the ACKNOWLEDGMENT of himself
and family; they, therefore lost all attachment to
his person and interest in his success. For long
time he felt himself that he had friend in France
except the army; and even his Marshals began
to grow we airy, declaring that he would never
rest till he had slain them all In the foreign coun-
tries, under his influence, the feeling was even
more distinct, was shown by the establishment
of The League Of Virtue" in Germany. In short,
versed; the liberal party relied for success upon
military organization, while the established govern
mens relied for their strength upon the zeal for IL
bery and independence which animated the mass
- e,,h,A IL.
penorlty OF moral motlve-the ascendancy of
neral causes material and physical The
same tide OF popular feeling that had carried the French
forward IN triumph III the first instance sooner flowed
n an opposite direction than brought the allies to the
apai OF France; victory followed in both the stan
ard o? the people. the only difference being that in
FIRST instance the standard of the people erected
themselves in the French capital whilst the close OF
he struggle passed TO the allies These had
very important influence The allies having obtained
elr victory IN the name OF liberty and Of the rights OF
ael they could not consistently, leave that idea out OF
new in the arrangements for general pacifcaon In
france the exei Bourbon restored and the prin.
pal alterations in the law called for by the National As
emby were embodied and established the form OF
government in the charter written constitution By
ms document provision made for the
onwhin limits prescribed by fixed laws and security
for personal rights II was in short, if executed in the
spirit by which it was conceived of nature give all
necessary satisfaction to the friends of liberty Similar
engagements took place in the Netherlands Germany,
and elsewhere By this charter the people of France
became something" if not every thing 1t was, how
the nature Of compromises contracts
he people upon side and governments upon the other
be viewed compromises or contracts not advanta-
eous to the people who in the present case would have
preferred representative republic like
Cheers was therefore not unnatural under these
circumstances that the people should watch with extreme
jealousy the execution of this contract If Charles the
Tenth had fulfilled his part of probably he would have
prevented the violent confusion and disastrous result to
nimself which took place in the days MIR. Ever
cit then rapidly reviewed the events of the period inter
enng between the granting Of the charter and the prn
events remarkng in the words of Talleyrand that the
Bourbons upon their return TO France evnced their
conduct that they had learned nothing, and forgot
hing They brought back with them all their antigua
ted preudices and personal antpathies which they had
AIKEN away, without having derived any useful lesson
from their long tuition in the school of adversy was
but justice however that Louis the 18TH who first
pied the throne formed exception for he declared at
he outset OF the revolution in favor Of the popular
party and he remained attached through life liberal OPT
Mons He was in fact considered the author of the charter
ma was consequently popular with the people He
ivered however, from acting upon it as he wished by
he opportunities Iof his family the fatal consequence of
which was the return of Napoleon the hundred days and
general up to the period OF his second assump
ton OF the throne in 1915 His policy then be
raj aspect he was determined upon carrying out the
charter This excited the disgust OF the Compile DAros
brother OF the King and heir to the throne the prince who
afterwards lost the throne under the Of Charles the
Tenth Here followed well drawn character of this
monarch who was shown TO be possessed of high nteec
ual physical and moral advantages, disfgured by ultra
and most violent royalst principles had his principles
would, in all probability have rendered him very popu
lar sovereign The leaders of the royas and liberal par
es poth ponca and literary, were then sketched, and
their power the public mind estimated from which
was evident that If not all the talent least all the
gument and reason lay upon the side of the liberal
In the mean time the people Of the other States to whom
similar charters had been promised finding themselvec
deluded exhibited symptoms of dsaection and rebellion
so that indications Of mischief brewing almost
all Europe At last the first Of January, 1870, an
army OF 10000 men, which had been collected
at Cadiz to proceed TO America TO reconquer the
spanish Colonies, declared themselves against the
and for the Cortes of 1875 and the King OF
Spain found it necessary sign the constitution Events
character
Sardinia but they suppressed by force These
;urrences produced strong feeling in the courts Of Eu
nation Of the Duke Of Berr about the time probably
had still greater effect in producing the change which
followed for IL caused the King louis XVII) to change
entirely his policy giving it exactly opposite drec.
ton to that he had previously pursued The death OF
Louis which occurred in 1923, transferred the
from the author of the charter its berest opponent
and the known adherens of ultra royast and.arbtrary
opinions The first result of this change the march.
ing Of one hundred thousand men into Spain crush the
new constitution; and MI Everett narrated the subse