The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-10-28
The Fair Of the Amsrtoan xnssIsuts--Cio.
aim. Ahhrass

success of the Institute gives hope and pleasure TO
every friend OF internal Improvement, and esta-
blishes beyond dispute the fact, that with jealous
and tfu attention to the interests OF the country
an honorable rivalry can be established which mus
tend to promote the good of all, and to advance the
cause Of civilization with vigor corresponding to
the wants of the nineteenth century. The after.
noon was devoted to announcing the premiums
awarded to the successful exhibitors The stage
was considerably enlarg ed and on the table in front
of the Presidents chair, was pyramid Of choice
pears land several OF the products of the garden such
as pumpkins, beets, squashes, &c. The band of the
North Carolina was in attendance, and Throughout,
the evening played several national and pleasing
airs in excellent style The managers, with seve.
raj gentlemen distinguished for the interest they
have taken in urging forward the cause of the Instl
tute and American industry, together with several
naval officers, occupied the sofas and seats around
the President Though the weather was unfavora.
BILE, host of beautiful woms filled the galleries
and the grand saloon, giving 10 the whcle happy
and spirited grouping Silence having been OBJ.
tanned, the President came forward and delivered
the following address,
LADIES AND GENTLrMtN:-
We come fellow citizens to celebrate the sixteenth
which have attended the exhibition OF the Fair, and the
crowded assemblage now pressing around CRAFTY.
ing pledges OF the public appreciation Of course and
cheers onward in support OF the great "of the
encouragement of domestic industry in agriculture
merce, manufactures and the arts" We, who have per.
severed under much odium and prescription confess
feel exuting pride that the course and its princ Piles
ultimately recognised the OF the nation and
essential to its enduring prosperity We joce in the
accession ondiv uas OF Known talents and distinguish
ed character: and while differ in the suggested mode
ofrelress con that further consideration with
recollection ofpss incidents in diplomacy at least
Of doubtful capacity will demonstrate that the great in
teres,s Of agriculture, commerce and manufactures,
too momentous to be taken and confded to hands
other than the legislative nsels of the nation From
the late the UntedSt appears seventy
seven Of every hundred OF the population
engaged in agricultural labor Under free institutions
the egricuursss have the power oil the representation
and justly chargesble with the legislative
Of the country Commerce and manufactures the
are upon il for their continued prosperity and
exstance All the LEGISLATION Of this country which
benefcally assist agriculture can only be in the
coursgeDent OF commerce snd manufactures Hence
protection to commerce and manutacturs should ever
be considered measure in support OF agriculture. 1t
is the duty OF Government to provide and secure an
adequate market for the surplus oducons Of the coun
try 1t can only be provided by protection to its COM
merce and from the consumption occasioned by the
enlargement of its domestic manufactures. The relative
importance of these three great departments of industry
will DC made best to appear from tables founded Oh the
Of $780, showing the value OF the annual products
of agriculture 1854 3S 601 manufactures S23e S36 2
commerce, S7972 ,0s6. Efforts arc sometimes made to
excite jsalousies between agrculturalsts and manuac
turers by the often repeated cry of Tree trade" 1t sf
rds much pleasure to the American Institute to
itself the firm advocate and the incorporating champi
of Free Trade To require open ports, and an open
with the different nations OF the globe, separa
ted into different countries divided into governments Of
various forms and conflicting interests and widely differ
ing in degrees OF civilization ard conditions of moral re-
mt, would be to require chmera of the madmans
brain, which never did and never elsewhere exist
The free trade which the American Institute advocates
and maintains, is and exchange OF produc.
lions between civilized nations fequa rights upon prin
ciples OF equality and fair reciprocity in trade
for measure taking what they give, and giving what
commerce, and TO protect it by all necessary
tervaing measures, fails in an essential purpose
for which it established. In vain did our fathers
fight for liberty and independence if We their descend
ants, crouch to foreign powers submit to unequal in
with the nations of the EARTH GLOWING them
open nerc and free trade with u.s. and they, in
return degrading and depressing and the
value of agriculture, by enormous and prohibory
duties on the great staple productions Of this country
There are kinds OF free trade Each is distinct in its
character. The which we advocate is made cquIl
between the parties-the trade between natiops con-
Quoted principles Of far reciprocity in the exchange
of productions Of the respective countries The other
kind tree trade side only, with restrictions
against the commerce and the productions efthe other
side varying from one hundred 10 five thousand per
Until tho enactment OF the late tariff and which is
sought to be repealed our country has been for many
years past under tho enjoyment and in the full experience
this latter kind CT foreign free trade To understood
the OF the present condition Of the country
seems necessary on this occasion TO show the results OF
this free trade, affecting the commerce. the agricu
ture, the wealth and the prosperity OF the nation With
Spain, commerce is OF small amount surrounded and
it is with her restrictions and
The imports last $l3 450 0O0 exports Sc
leaving balance against US OF S7i6OOo to be paid in
currency She has long since imposed duties cotton,
prohbitory In American vessels The course of this
trade is to ship ton Cuba OF her dependen
cies where touching the island 1t is deemed natural
.ed and then shipped in Spanish vessels to the mother
country the produce OF Cuba. Our country hasin.
gloriousy looked and this fee to ship.
ping Interest OF this carrying trade of :he great sple
tLa tka ft,ha
about Eve millons and she receives in return
from us amounting to two mions-lesving yearly ba
lance against OF three millions of dollars to he paid in
currency. Most Of the imports have been 5ved free
or on light duties, while our exports charged with
dntieon barrel of flour $3.50 This is free
trade side; AID lis advocates wondering end
writing and pbeng to ascertain what has become OF
currency Our relations with Great Britsn more
extensive and more interesting One third of our whole
foreign commerce is with England and her colonies The
balances of her trade have been against for many
years past and have varied in different years from FIVE
millions even up to sixty millions year. The impor.
taon OF her manufactures has been received by
upon little more than nominal duties, while
duties oppressive and prohibi,ory have been
acted on our produce exported to her. Our bresdsuf
prohibited, unless sliding scale OF prices under
her laws and st rate merely TO save her people
from famine To cripple our whale fisheries her duty
imposed American OIL is e26 IL per ton against L. i'm.
ported in her veeses. American whaIebone is sub
jected duty eos per tom against duty of fI i'm
ported from her colonies. Tobacco in leaf worth
to the producer IRON three TO four cents per pound
subjected 10 duty OF three shiines sterling which is
from eighteen hundred TO two thousand per cent 1.-THE
tobacco stemmed, then the duty is nine shpgs
ling which 10 ave thousand per Rice is subject
duty OF fifteen sbiinss sterling cwt, which is abou,
two hundred per cent rice is in the rough then the
duty nominal because she secures the labor Of clean
ing it, Th; difference in the rate Of duty tobacco
also upon rice is upon the well known principle of
tsh legislation to prohibit the labor of other
tries and also 60 encourage and give employ to her
shipping interest monopoly Of the carrying trade OF
the materials from other countries and which she
canuot produce thus secured TO herself her shipping
sus aimed and her seemen are employ ed and
trained These few only Of the many specimens OF
free and reciprocity in commerce which has Tor
time past existed between England end ourselves
sanctioned and conducted under late judicious
riff" With France our commerce has been equally
disastrous. We have taken her wines, silks, and
gewgaws, duty FREE and swelling the balsnce Of trade
against us to great amount 10 be paid in specie des
patch from the American Minister, General Cars, sui
GENTLY illustrate this trede Hessys sttwo thirds Of
all the imporations introduced from France into the
United States free OF duty Not article imported
into France from the United states IL pied from duty
The great American staple cotton imported into France
pays duty Of between four and per cent upon its
ue more than Egyptish cotton thus fer oPersng as
bounty upon latter Upou silks itnported the