New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1843-10-30
ADDRESS OF GENERAL TALLMADGE,
at the close of the Fair of the american institute

!
at the close of the Fair Of the american institute
Ladies' and Gentlemen We come, fellow cit
izens TO celebrate the sixteenth anniversary OF
the American Institute The multliudes winch
have attended the exhibition Of the Far, and the
crowded assemblagc now pressing around US are
gratifying pledges of the public appreciation OF our
! course, and cheer us onward IN support OF the
treat cause of ''the encouragement OF domestic
industry in agriculture, commerce, manufactures
a nd the arts We, who have persevered under
much odium and prescription, confess we feel anex
ult ur pride, that the course and It's principles are
ulti 1atcly recognised as the course OF the nation
and as essential to It's enduring prosperity We
rejoice in the accession of individuals Of known
talents and distinguished character; and while
we differ IN the suggested mode OF redress, we
confde that farther consideration, with reco-
lection of past Incidents In our diplomacy at least
of doubtful capacity, Will demonstrate that the
great interests of agriculture, commerce and man
nCactures, are 100 rnomentous to be taken and
confded to hands other than the Legislative coun-
sells Of the nation. From the late census OF the
United States it appears that seventy-seven out
of every one hundred of the population are en-
gagged in agricultural labor. Under our Tree M
stitutions the agriculturists have the power OF
the representation and arc justly chargeaoic WIN
| the legislative measures of the country Coih
J ,nercc and manufactures arc the handmads OF
agriculture. They are created by 1t, and are de,
nendent upon it for their continued prosperity and
ex;stcnce. All the legislation Of this country
which can benefcially assist agriculture, can only
/ he IN the encouragement of commerce and man.
ufacturcs Hence protection to commerce ana
/ manufactures should ever be considered meas
IRE in support Of agriculture. 1t IS the duty OF
Government to provide and secure an adequate
market for the surplus productions Of the country
1t can only be provided by protection to It's com
ne-ce, and from the consumption occasloned by
the encouragement of its domestic manufactures
The relative importance of these three great de-
pa.tme uts of industry will be made best to appear
from tab les founded on the census of lSIO, show
ing the v uc Of the annual products-oi agrcul
turc. e654 3S7 ,597 of manufactures, S23J, $780,,
s24; commerce, SIS, 72l 0S6. Efforts are some
times made to excite jealousles between agricui-
turists and I1anufact urers, by the oitcnrepeated
cry of Free Trade
It affords much pleasure to the American in
sttute to avow itself the finn advocate and inc
mcompromising champion of free Trade. 10
require open ports, and an open commerce WIN
the different nations of the globe, separated INTO
different countries, divided into governments OF
various forms and conflicting interests, and wide
ly differing in degrees of civilization and condl-
tons of moral restraint, would be to require
chimera of the madman's brain, which never did
and never can elsewhere exist The Free Trade which the
American Institute advocates and maintains is commerce
and exchange Of productions between civilized nations o.
equal rights principles of equality and tar RECIPROCITY
in trade for measure, taking what they give ana
giving what they take government when ia's 10 op,a"
such commerce. and protect by all necessary counter
vang measures fails in essential purpose or which
was established In vain did fathers fight for liberty ana
Independence if We their descendants crouch to loeigh
powers submit unequal intercourse with the nations OF
the EARTH allowing them open intercourse and Tree trade
with and they, Ill Ietn, degrading anu depressing o
commerce and the value Of agriculture by enormous
and p-ohiforv duties the great Staple productions 0! ts
country There are kinds of Free Trade hach Is as
,inct in its character The which advocate Is made
equal between the paresthe trade between nations con-
Quoted principles Of fair reciprocity IN the exchange OF
the productions of the respective countries The other knu
is free trade side only with restrictions against Inc
commerce and productions OF the other side varying
from one hundred thousand pei Until the enact
neut Of the late Tar and which is sought to De re-
peaed country has been for many past under the
enjoyment and the full experience this latter kind OF
foreign free trade To understand the Of the present
condition o: the country It seems necessary this
sion to show the results of this Free Trade affecting the
commerce. the agriculture the wealth and the prosperity
tie nation With Spain, our commerce is OF small amount
surrounded and embarrassed as with her restrictions and
prohibitions. The imports last year were S3,l3o tx
ports Sc 100000 leaving balance against us OF 81 lou
oOO TO be paid in currency She has long since imposed
duties on cotton, prohbitory i'll American vessels.
The of this trade is to ship cotton 10 Cuba one
of her dependencies, where touching the island 1t is
deemed natuazed and then shipped Spanish vessels to
the mother country the produce Of Cuba Our country
has ingoouy looked and this sacrifice TO ship
ping interest of this carving trade of the great staple of the
South Our imports from the island of Cuba amount 10
about five millions and she receives in return exports from
us amounting 10 mions-leaving yearly balance |
against us of three millions of dollars paid currency
Most the imports have been received free or light
duties while exports charged with enormous duties
barrel Of flour $40 so Thss Free Trade side
and advocates wondering, and writing and cyperAg
what has become of currency Our relations
with Great Britain extensive aud more interesting
Onethrd Of our whole foreign commerce is with England
aud her colonies The balances OF her trade have been against
years past, and have varied IN different Years
from five millions up to sixty millions year. The
importation Of her manufactures has been received by
little than nominal duties, while duties oppressive and
prohboIy have been exact-d produce exported 10 eT
Our breaistu prohibited, unless sliding scale OF
prices under her laws and rate merely to save her
people from famine To cripple whale fisheries, her
duty imposed on American oil f26 Il per against Is
impotedn her vessels American whaebone Is subjected
to duty of f95 per ton against duty OF imported
from her colonies Tobacco in leaf worth 10 the pro-
Queer from three four cents per pound subjected 10
duty of three shngs sterling, which Is from eighteen nun.
bred thousand per If the tobacco stemmed
then the shngs sterling, which five thousand
per Rice suhec duty Of fifteen shilncs sterl
log icwt whichis ahouttno hundred per If rice rs
the rough then the duty nomna because she secures
the labor of cleaning IT, This difference the rate o duty
on tobacco aud also upon rce upon the well known pr.
cpe Of British egation to prohibit the labor OF other
countries and also encourage and give employment to her
shipping interest, monopoly of the carrying trade OF the
materials from other countries, and which she cannot
produce is secured HERSELF her snppnG interest
sustained and her employed and trained These
are only of the many specimens OF TIE Tree trade ahe
ciproctv III commerce which has for some time past ex
listed between England aud ourselves sanctioned and con-
dacted under late =" Judicious Tamil
With France our commerce has been equally disastrous;
lie and
;rr the balance Of rade against great amount TO
be paid in specie 4 despatch from the American MintiSer,
General Cas- Sufficiently illustrates this trade de says
t!a: two thirds Of all the mportaons INTRODUCED from