Arkansas intelligencer. [volume] (Van Buren, Ark.) 1842-1859, 1843-12-16
AGRICULTURAL
From HE Mississippi Valley Farmer.
EXPLANATION. OF TERMS

EXPLANATION OF TERMS. q
we give the following explanation of terms for
'ne oeneht or our Junior renders, and those young
a. a''' inexperienced farmers, who have not made
'"'''se'yes familiar with the technical terms. in
use among agricultural writer's.
the graHfoad. Cast Husbandyv-is TIM, IN ,,,;ot
as to be strewcd equm-jn by cast Of the hind -
ground. "."N - 'lie uanu' 30 I
.. DriH Husbandry-is that in which
gram or seed is sown in rows, by means of ma.
cnlhes contrlved for that purpose, and tho ground
a.'eT~arus kept stirred and cleare of weeds by
ninu ol P,ough called the horseshoe, hence sorne-
times called the horse hocing husbandry.
3. Convertible Husbandry-is when tho ground
Is cultivated alternately in tlIIage and grass
This Is much practised in some parts of the
country, with wheat and clover. A field in clo-
ver' soon after hayng, is turned up and soved with
wnea! and clover seed After the wheat is taken
OIL II IS once moved, when it is again ploughed
up and sowed as before; thus, the ground car ries
rhedt every other year, and the intermediate
years c'orer. The term applies also to success.
sion OF any kind Of crops in which grass is COM
pretended as one.
f.. Trench Plougting-s running the plough
twice IN the snnle furrow.
In doing this the top soil, with all its foul seeds.
s cast to the bottom of the trench, and a new soil
is thrown up, upon which the sun had neyor be fore
shed Its rays. 1t is done sometimes at one oper.
alton by plough constructed for the purpose, cal.
led trench-plough. .-....
8. Horizontal Ploughing-is so conducted, by
the use of an instrument called sraf.er level" as
to lay the sides of hills in horizontal beds, abou,
SIX feet wide with deep holows or water burrows
between, for the purpose Of retaining the rains.
.. Indigenous Plants--are such rs are na-
4 nj he
grown.
Thus, maize, tho potatoe, and tobacco. are cal
led Indigenous TO America, having first been found
here, and from America introduced into Europe
7. E1ottc Piants-aro such as are natives of
foreign countries.
Such as the lemon tree. and many others, when
introduced into the New England States, and cul.
tivated in no, houses. ..
3. Annual Planis-are such as are of bu. one
years duration.
such are most of our garden plants and all 9th.
CTS growing from seed sown in the spring, which
arrive at maturity in the summer or autumn fol.
lowing producing flowers and ripe seed, ,qnd which
afterwards perish both in their Top and root.
y. Biennial Pldnis--are such as in heir roots
al least, are of two years duration.
Many of these plants perish, in the top the first
year, but live in their root through the writer nd
the second year shoot up stalks, fower, produce
seed and afterwards perish both in root and branch.
Such are the parsnop, carrot, &c.
10. Pcrenaial Plants-are Of many years du.
ration. E..
Such are all plants, whether the leaves and
stalks perish annually or not. provided they are of
many gears duration, as the horse. ra,lish, bu:
dock, &c,
IL. Herbaceous Plants-are those W hose herb,
tina, is. whose stem and branches are Of bu. one
years duration, whether the root be annual ben.
NAL, or perennial. s -srt.
II. Escu'em Plants--are such as are replete
with nutritious matter, consequently, proper for
being eaten as food.
such as parsneps, carrots, cabbage, beets, and
various others of a similar nature. |
l3. Umbeliiferous Plants-are all such as pro.
duce their flowers on the ends of numerous little
flower stalks or rays, nearly equal in length,
spreading from common point or CENTRE form.
ing level, usually convex or globose surface,
like spread umbrella, as tie parsnep,
carrot, &c.
II. Leguminous Plants-nre all such as ha We
smooth pointed stems, and whose seeds are encIos.
cd in chaffy husks Or coverings. -
All the grains and most of the grasses, as W ell
as many other plants. are of this kind.
Is. Deciduous Plams--are all such plants,
whether of the tree shrub kind as shed or loose
their leaves in the autumnai or winter seasons.
.
or more knobbed tubes, of solid, fleshy substance
as the potatoe, artichoke, &c.
Is. Bultous Roots-are such as he We a round
ish, swelling, dubious form, composed of numsr-
GUS scales or coats, as the onion, garlic, &c.
10. Tap Roots-are such as in III, form of q
tap descend down into the ground in perpendic-
ular direction, as the carrot parsnep, red clover &C.
90. Fi6rous Roois-are such as are wholly
composed Of numerous thready or fbrous parts,
such as tho roots of all kinds of grain.
81. Radicals or Radicles-in bot, nv, are the
small fbrous roots, which extend themselves in
every direction in the earth for the purpose Of COL
lecting nourishment for the support Of the plant.
%. Green Crops-are such as continue green
while ripening their seed, or till taken off the
ground; such beats, peas, cabbage, carrots, tur
neps, &c. ~ -......r-.
80. White Crops-are such as bee ono bleach
ed, or turn white and dry while ripening their
seed; sucha all the various kinds OF grain.
All plants, while their leaves continue green
and especially such as have large leaves, draw
much of their nourshment from the atmosphere.
The Green crops, therefore, exhaust the soil much
less than the ,caiie crops whose leaves becoming
dry receive nothing from the atmosphere, bu, draw
all thoir support from the soil, while ripenng their
seed.