The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-05-20

con st OF armed force there going on very severe
very well maintained contest many sides in regard
10 the protection Of the ata the urheance of the pur
suits and products of labor and general Improvement in
all ranks of society In short, we live in ageit is
our good fortune 10 live IN an age IN which governments
and individuals are thinking more Of beneft,ing them
selves than of annoying or destroying their enemies
This appears to me, gentlemen, to have led 10 very
general feeling, by means conf aei 10 this country,
but Pervadins great part o. Europe # this CHI racter
men, lu0!ic and privaie men have adop ed strong OPT
mon that the OF the principal nations OF the
world may be made the SUI ect o. treaty of stipulation,
which term use in amuch more sense Than that
usually attached TO It, We find this subj CT common
topic OF discussion in III" houses Of Pari,am, mt
land, IN the hambers OF France, in legislatures
an indeed thu oughout the CONNER cial world seems
60 iivsi opl,n II tle opinona just one-hat ii ma
tions seek their inter ss, whether of revenue,
those which called protective by the regulation of
duties it IL wise for them, before resortng ndepen
dent legislation With the view the part one
terval the acts OF Others to consider whether he not
more pedient that the parties SHOULD under
standing, instead of at once adopting this almost hos
tile legislation The commercial intercourse nations is
affected in day. almost in all eertany in the
principal nations-hy two and
the encouragement and protection of the home industry
These two considerations influence the subject OF CON-
merce. Sometimes the prevails and sometimes the
oher But all nations at the present moment appear to
be mancsng great degree OF acu'eness in the percep
tion OF what their Interests whether financial indus
trial. seem TO quire We know that betw cen Erglsnd
and Russia there has latterIy been commercial
tresty-not very important, Think. We know that at
tempts have been made accomplish treaty between
Eng land and France and between Epgand and Portugal,
We know that recent attempt has been made in
very important to US, and which, in its results might
have been very important to our commerce. allude to
the attempt to form anew commercial treaty between
England and Brazil The failure, in this instance may
very we'll inspire with doubt the prsctcsbiity
of this regulation Of by treaties Of stipulation
do not mean 10 speak with much confidence much dis
trust this subject am OF opinion that with ,pect TO
US here in America, the experiment is worth the trial
But at the same time it is to be remembered that not
too strong confidence should be entertained OF ia
vorable result because pending the existence ofhat
dence and before the result is ascertaned there may be
very uconveniont stagnaon of affairs produced. The
peculiar point foreign commercial relations which
in this regard has atterly attracted the attention.
relations between the United States and England and
this in aspects In the first place. the duties which
are to be imposed by either part, the other at his
discretion and in the next place the state of the inter
course between the United Sa.es and the colonial pro-
vnces OF England this continent and in tho West In
dies The direct trade between us aud England stands
either country there exists much disposition disturb
it. 1t is fair equal just The trade between the United
states and the British Colonies the Continent and the
West Indies. has quite different character II is not my
purpose 60 into that matter. But with regard the
direct intercourse between and Psychological ine
rest is excited many wishes expressed and strong
opinions entertained in favor Of an attempt 10 settle duties
by treaty or arrangement say gentlemen, 10 you
tariff OF duties by arrangement and use that term by
design. The Constitution of the United States leaves
with Congress- the great business of laying duties sup
port the government. especially to have made it
the duty of the House of Representatives to originate
measures of revenue, or which eventually af-
| feet revenue. There have been some few cases
| in which treaties have been entered into having
the effect to limit duties; but it is thai
is an impo tsnt part OF the whole subect- is not
ing with foreign governments upon rates OF duties, that
the understanding can be eff cited only by OF rea
ratified by the President and tw0thirds of the Sena'e
accordeg the form Of the Constitution Because ol
lowing the example OF the government in what now exists
the between the United States and England
touching the Colonial trade is practicable to give
Understanding between the two the force
law by ordinary acts Of legislation We ell know that
basis of trade between the United States
the British Provinces is constituted by the
conditional acts of the legislatures
both countries Our and House of
l hava fharp'o m hOth H,usfa
Of Parliament; and If the executive governments OF the
two should enter into citations upon the
subject Of duties proposed by the side they might in
The be made 70 terminate in treaty But
party by law provided for certain duties other
| this because / see it often stated that to
| regulate duties by treaty would he to deprive
the House of Representativesone great branch of the
National Legislaure-of its just authority, and am of
that opinion. think that the eaty making power should
not be extended, unless in of great Importance
any such subjects 1t is true treaty is the law of the
land. But then, the whole business Of and
general provision for all the wants of the country is un-
doubtcdly very peculiar business of the House Of Rep
resenatives Of Congress, am Of opinion and alway
have been that there should be encroachmen upon
that po by the exercise Of the treaty making poU
unless in of great and evident necessity. Well
then gentlemen il there be constitutional mode of
ranging those subjects by of negotiations between
the two governments what there would ask in our
present relations with England which makes it desirable
that such attempt should now be made All that can
said that the leading interests of the United States
are all present in considerable degree of depression
| The commercial nteres-the manufacturing interest
l
| rest are all equally depressed. If ! look at the
| pricecurrent in the great whest-growing States OF
the West, or in the plantation States Of the
probation OF prices ans great dscouragem 1t to ac-
iivity and emulation. WHAT'S there, then, condi
toni what is there in the intercourse between the
countries that nigh justify attempt to mu-
,ual spulation7 Well gentlemen, this subject OF
course, speak without any authority. is not Tor
assum. more than any you But it is true that an
opinion has become somewhat GU rent that with England
/ there might be an arrangement favorable TO this
ntrx o0rs he finn
ed what would be regarded es an adequate conside
ration Now as to the objects favorable TO the Uni.
| ted States in that agreement, l may mention them.
The admission into England upon lower of duty
several of large agricultural products would bs
example, that England might be induced to makes very
important reduction in the duties on tobacco, and
Tess have been able TO see Why they should not
do So The tobacco duty in England is a matter
has collateral Interior object. 1t is
much money collected for the public purposes o,hs king
dom. The question therefore in the mind of English
statesman it seems to me- only be- whether reduction
Of duty would diminish the aggregate revenue. We al
know that does the contrary H. then with regard to
this article. the dminuton Of the duty enehsi
| would augment the importation one half, 1t is
equally beneficial to the rsvsnusna good deal better
able to those who consume the article "a lsugb is
also supposed,he duty to he sure, not very heavy
o1e but Il 10 still Of some mporancethat the egula
tons resp citing the admission into England Of and
rice milh. undergo maerial and beneficial changes -
These articles Of considerable Impotence 70 the
plantation the south part OF the country
tainly present much depressed any other Then
igsin there that great staple agricultural product
the maize. IL called, the Indian have
not hesrd suggested from any quarter, that England
would modify her corn laws, but has been sugge se-I
know not with Whist degree Of FEASIBILITY, and PROV
you TO receive Whit now say expression OF m
own opinion merely-that in regard to the article Of
wholesome end cheap food. Ia possible that Epgsnd
might be disposed to stipustc for its introduction
into her ports at low and fixed rate of duy. Now, il
there be probability Of that may say even slight
prohabhy-t is at least worthy of inquiry. II is true
thst this very great wheat producing country but il
is much more great corn producing country. Our
10 the e. eat grain product OF the United States
statistical tables shew tnot Ave bushels Indian are
| p. oducrd bushe oil wheat Now, howevr small
he surplus of this grain might be-if only five ten
per cent every body that it's INTRODUCED "a
vorable te,ms into toe English msrkets would be highly
advantageous TO the oducers. l am aware sir tina
many OF understand this subject much better thsn
do-that it 10 article of heavy freight-and vet il
| is brought from Mary land, Virginia aud the Carroll