Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1843-05-05
isCI.iT.:ai.,
ADDRESS
" Inc Dsm'cra'ie Members IF the Legislature Of Nsw
York, IN Mcir Constituenfs.

LUX, ~ hcir LOHSttfHchfS
leiio" citizens: practice very uniformly followed
aha "i"ays Win tie appreciation ct The Republicans OF
ne state Authorizes the undersigned To pfccedc their
return 70 'her Constituents by Address, devoted 10
such topics OF public nature, Of immediate in
elesi aaa Is may be anticipated 10 arise before
ther Legislature will assemble.
Inc present condition of the country and of The State,
seems TO lc Undersigned 10 require snch cnmmunica-
ton sran them, not less urgently than any which has
preceded II and they believe they shall best discharge
the day by direct, franl; and unresrrved expression
oi tie'r ''e"s upon the great political! questions which
are now ehsresng the attention Of the citizens OF the
whole on'on and dividing, and will continue TO
cv'ae' Tue Two grca. political parties of the country
Aanesh y he changed at pleasure, and the history Of
foiics cur country abundanty, proves that political
names dc SO changed aud that political parties assume
anu exercise the right, merely to select for
| themselves, but for their opponents also And yet
that same hIstory will not show that principles OF go
vefameht and measures Of policy have changed with
tie changing names even though 1t should prove that
men sometimes have
We pForose therefore, 10 lay aside the names and the
men, ana deal with the things, the measures, the policy
which interest all and demand the careful aud consde
rate attention OF all; and if in pursuing this course, 1t
sia appear that the questions which divided The poll
teal parties OF the country al The formation OF the Con-
st,tntion OF the L. and iose which divide them now,
are substantially identical, position will be Illus
raed, that principles Of government and measures OF
policy, do mol always change with political names and
politicians
The question of comforting upon the Federal Co.
vernment the power 10 establish National Bank, agl.
tated the Convention which formed the Constitution
OF 1851 IL vas sought to he conferred by general
proposition 10 give Congress the power 10 grant
charters Of incorporation. That power was refused
to Congress by an express vote Of the Convention -
Tie proposition mated from The Federal side of the
| Convention, and was rejec cd by the Republicans =
When that glorious instrument was com ted, and
while The uenplp apDruiJitIOn
rejection, the opinions Of these two parties IN regard
TO It were - widely different had been The PROPOSE
tons and votes OF their respective representatives in
| the Convention which framed il. The Republicans
entertained deep fears that powers too extensive had
been conferred upon the Federal Government, and
tia. the Governments Of the States could not be sus
! tanned III their efficacy with il. The Federasls ex
pressed equally sernus cPprehensons olthe weakness
OF the Central Government, and commended that It's
and efficiency must depend upon the manner
| in which this Constitution should be construed
Hence it will be manifest that, while the Constitution
adopted BY the requisite number OF States, i:s sup
pores mast have consisted otwo classes OF politicians
entertaining widely different To lie in sub.
stance directly opposite the Republican yielding his
support upon Tie ground that powers, his mind fear
fully extensive, would be strictly construed and
fully and scupu,onsy exercised and the Federalist
his upon the opposite belief that the powers not grant
cd bet III his mind ezpedient If not necessary, would
he assumed b. the central Government by be.a and
loose construction Df tne instrument OUueI
icpa,ions and may not safely add Intentions, on
the part af the respective political pares our system
of Government went into opcra!nn, and, as necessa-
IN almost every step OF ITS early pro-
gress tie conflicting views OF these two great rival
parties called forth, and TIE parties themselves
made more distinct and sci IN more formal and open
ray against each other, consequence Of the distinct
ness aud opposition Of their principles of Government,
and consequent opposite CONSTRUCTIONS of the const,u-
| tonal grants Of pnser.
IL haa rlia
upon which those differences Of construction, proceed
ar from d .frrerces IN political principle, were made
broadly and startIiDgy manifest. Upon this que sion
the frdera principle prevailed, aided by e enba
,ens Ie..:g upnn the nation, the States and the peo
pie IS cons qrrnccs Of the "f the revolution, and
by the efforts of the master mind OF Federal Sccre
.ry os the Treasury. Construction made to con
fer power aud charter 81 nco rora'ion granted,
notwithstanding The vote of the Convention rejecting
! suc!l Il grant of power TO the Congress. The first
Bank of the United Safes incorporated for term
of twenty years, bat VITA comparatively small CAPT
tai, While the cyernn Of power only attempted 10
be defended upon The ground OF Indispensable necessi
~ in reference 10 the management oil the fsca! affairs
II The National Treasury.
A. The expiration of the charter of this Bank, Repub-
Lean councils prevailed iii The nation the Republican
! prncip,rs and policy in the ascendant and m
extension e the existence of the incorporation re-
fused Tie institution thus, In use modern
phrase eent INFO qulGationa task which 1t Ia believed
Dcfrd between Tie year 1911 anu tie
has no. been sufficient 10 complete.
A sccoad war wiih The power against which
our udp pendencc achieved opened upon The coun-
,v in 1872 and closed lclJ. The accumulation oil
debt and other c.nharr.ssneEs, national and PERSONAL
wer. consequences Of tins Of three years aud IN
creased expenditures diminished revcnucs and lmPns-
ed credit: brought arrangement and distress upon the
Tr asDfy THIS presented too favorable al opportunity
10 be omitted again to press the power {" construction
IN favor II a National Bank; aud the perplezItIes rest
nr upou the fiscal affairs OF the Government and coun-
,,v enforced by the weight OF The former precedent
md ,ie uiinence.of judicial authority, induced Ee
,ubi,can President aud Republican Congress 10 yitld
10 the idea Of overruling necessity, ana 10 support,
sserito second corporate grant tor ali "versha'
DOWN, money institution viii. banking powers
AZ sncb crisis and under such circumstances, tie
seconl Bark Of lie Unltcd States received lis chaflrr
ovinr II The eScius.e enjoyment oil the deposits OF
lie nublic money, making IT'S notes, exclusively OIL an
n,h Rank paper Il lcnd.r in all payments at The pub
c Treasury and securing 10 the exclusive privilege
and perfect monopoly OF banking ny national an'oy,
for pe,od Of twenty years, upon capital OF tnrty
ive millions of doars-an amount three ana nan
fines hey ond The capital OF the first National Bank-
Tha HE OF this charter commenced on Inc 4th ol
March olG aud terminated on the Sd Of March, lc"O.
OF the fraudulent and corrupt practices oil this IN
,n,ion deveoped the country III 1917, and its pro-
,,ncut agency in the cotton speculaions and conse.
anon, rev usions and disasters al -2nnr space WI
mi ner., us 10 speak. Both constitute part OF me
fearful history OF Bank msmanagemcnt ana nahh
abuse and Of the widespread evils to winch coh"u'"s
community are subject from that source ;,
A. The session OF Congress Of lc'i and So this all,
,we.lnl corporation, rather demanded than pet'sIohea
&, an extension Of lis charter, with al lis exclusive
privileges, for further term Of twenty years IRON
1886 The avowed apology for this early application
was tha. the Bank must have time 10 wInd up us
affairs in the charter not to be extended al
louah lis subsequent agement concus'veiy prove
tina, this vas merely the ayowed apology, whsle tne
then pending Presidential election was the 'eal IN
ncrrnent for the selection of this precise PERIOD
VITA the then Congress, the Bank was successful
Int The bill pissed, met the veto OF President 1acK.
san, and was defeated That distinguished patriot
md ta!es,nan, vas candidate brore The people Tor
70 election and the poll was be held before ano
tier meeting Of Congress. His opponents mne da'ey,
and with esiden a!acry, placed The issue UPON h's
bank veto and sakcd HE political battle upon inc 'Ta'
Of that ssnc before the people. Thsir strongest men
and most dis:nc: tank adsocales were placed enoh
their ticket; the hanh Itself took the field wilton, DIS
ruse, declaring through its highest organ mat rieal
dent Jackson had vetoed The 1ao and The bank w1na
~ bp N Tx were u,a,shalled for the fight, with all