The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-09-07

thr consequence OF the Lnpiess PeiS"tANe q" "S'
designs upon Turkey. Frederick declared In favor
OF Russia, but seut his brother Prince Henry to the
Court Of Catharine Ia order 10 endeasor TO persuade
her TO consent TO moderate the conditions OF peace
she required from the Porte. Catharine eommuni-
Gated TO Prince Henry the intelligence she had just
received Of the Austrian invasion OF the Polish IRON
tier adding that " Poland seemed to be country
where il only necessary TO soop in order to pick
up what one would. If Austria chose 10 take a
piece of that country, the other neighborng States
had good right to do the same" Upon this hint
Prince Henry spake, und developed plan for the
partition Of Poland, by which Catharine might ag-
grandize her own empire without exciting the Jeal-
ousy Of Austria, which power could not look WIN
the same indifference on the ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF Tur
keyi whilst Prussia might receive, in such an ar
rangement, a compensation for the sacrifices she had
made TO the Russian alliance
Kraunitz, who wished to avoid the odum OF being
considered the author Of the partition project and to
quiet The scrupcs Of conscience felt Affected by
the Empress Maria Theresa, endeavored to get Rus
STA to make the first proposition For this purpose
he declared to Prince Galliizin, the Russian Ambas-
sador at Vienna, IN October, MI that The Austrian
Court would not consent to mediate for peace be-
tween Russia and the Porte upon the terms when
had been proposed by the former, and were hnaiiy
stipulated at Kainard, in l774, unless Russia would
give the most positive assurances that she had no IN
tenton 10 dsmember Poland either for her own ben
eft or that of others" it being, however, well IN
derstood that Austria intended 10 reclaim thirteen
townships in the county OF lips, formerly belonging
to Hungary and morigaged 10 the Republic" krau-
nz enlarged upon the intermnable difficulties to
which any attempt at partition oi Poland would
lead, and left Gallitzn firmly convinced that Aus
tria was impatient to concur in the views Of Russia
aud Prussia The Russian ambassador was accord
ingly instructed TO answer that both these powers
had also claims upon Poland, which might be adjust
ed in concert with Austria, so to preserve that
equality which was necessary to maintain the ba.
lance of power between the three monarchi,s. The
Austrian minister met this overture by observing
that any inequality in the respective shares OF The
partioning powers might be corrected by taking
portion of territory from another ncighbor who had
something to spare. On Gallitzn remarklng that
this could be no other than the Turkish empire,
Kraunitz replied il that he meant; al the same
time recommending the greatest despatch, secrecy,
and mutual confidence. This, he said, was alone all
necessary in order to prevent the interference of
France and England.
.sIn the mean time the British Cabinet had pro-
cured and communicated TO the Empress Catharine
copy of the secret convention concluded IN July,
I'LL, between Austria and the Porte, which natu
rally had the effect of shaking the confidence oil the
Russian Court in Kraunitz. The two Cabinets oil
Petersburg and Berlin therefore continued to nego-
tate directly between themselves the terms Of the
proposed partition Exorbiant as we're the preten-
sions of Russia she still decidedly opposed the ac-
QUESTION Of Dantzic and Thorn by Prussia Frede-
rick II finally desis,ed from this pre- ension, being
doubtless convinced that master of the mouths
of the visiula, he would easily be able to compel
these towns to submit to his dominion convention
! between the two Courts consequently concluded
al St. Petersburg the 18th OF February, 1872, IN
which il was stipulated that Austria should be inv
ted to join in the proposed partition. That power
accordingly acceded on the 10Th Of the same month,
but demanded for her share nearly one-third OF the
whole territory Of Poland. She ultimately in
duced to desst from part of her pretensions, and
triple convention wa signed at St Peter burg the
9Th of August, l772 by which all that part Of Lithu-
MIA north Of the Dwina and east of the Nieper was
secured to Russia GalNkla and Lodomria TO Aus
tria and Polish Russia, except Dan,zic and Thorn,
with Great Poland to the river Netze, to Prussia.
THE three partitionng powers Immediately took
possession Of these territories, and published each
separate manifesto setting forth the pretended claims
upon which they profcssed Justify this act Of vio-
ence. In the answer to these manifestos, published
| BY the Polish Government, reference was made TO
the long series Of treaties by which the integrity OF
the territory peaceaby possessed by Poland for sew
eral centuries had been socmnly guaranteed by
tie very powers who now sought 10 dcs.
poil her. The answer also stated that If
the antiquated transactions of those remote
times were to be resorted to- when possessions were
| lost aud won with much facility by the sword Of
the conqueror Poland herself mi ,ht claim Just title
to vast provinces held by the partioning ow-
ers the right to which was only secured by that sa-
cred and sslutary principle Of prescription which
cured the lawful possessions Of every civilized nation.
"The consent Of the national diet assembled at
Warsaw in l773 to the treaties Of partition,
torted by the presence Of foreign force. The nun
clos Of Podolis and Volhynia protested against all
that might be done in order TO sanction them but
Joint commission named by the Senate and the equcs-
trian order finally consented to sign the treaties Of
1875, by which the partition was confirmed the ex-
stng vicious constitution Of the Republic guaranteed
by the partioning powers, not to be subject to
alteration without their consent; and pre,eNt thus
furnished for their perpetual interference in the af
fairs Of Poland n--pp. 2Ol-205.
After briefly noticing the war Of the Bavaran sue
cesson in IT'S, speedily terminated by the peace Of
Teschen, on which occasion Russia, mediator and
guarantee, first ntruded herself into the internal az
fairs Of Germany; the controversy between the En-
peror Joseph IL aud Holland respecting the free nayi
CATION Of the Scbeldt in 1881 aud the various cases
Of Intervention by the triple alliance Of Great Bri-
tain Prussia and Holland in The All n "-'o''s",
and IN the war between Russia aud the Porte, the
author proceeds TO examine the various questions Of