Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1843-03-31
FOX TIE E~' t2UINEN'
FOREIGN CoRRESPoNDENcE-tNo VIII

was so favorable to trade with the North of Europe,
that it soon became point Of much importance. 1t is
situated on the Elbe, as miles from its mouth, and is
al the head of ship navigation. Vessels drawing not
than Is feet water may approach it at all times
by taking advantage of the tide but those OF larger
SIZES, can only get up with the Spring flood. Small
crafts used lighters proceed as high as Prague,
distance Of nearly four hundred English miles AT the
end OF the 10Th century, Lubbock the Baltic, from its
advantageous position connected with commerce, com.
menced growing rapidly, and became formidable
rival of Hamburger As these places were not widely
separated from each other, and for their security
they mutually interested, in suppresslns the
crimes and outrages of frequent on the
adjacent seas they formed the "hanseatic League,
which was nedatey afterwards joined by Bremen,
and subsequently, by most of the principal towns on the
continent This institution IN the meridian OF it's
usefulness and splendo during The 18th century. As
far as related 10 the repression of praces and robbie
RES It's object was laudable: but, after accomplishing
much good, so great was It's power, that 1t made an
effort to monopolze and control trade exclusively and
on account OF this and other causes, pref udces were
engendered and towards the close OF the 10th century,
it began decline and one after another OF the mem.
bers withdrew from it, until the only trace of its former
greatness the three Republics by which it origi
nally composed. Frankfort. on the Maine still sends
deputies the upper Court Of Appeal at llamburgh but
it can longer he considered as free port-havlng
joined the Zoil Tcreiu, or Prussian League.
Your readers may be interested with short descrlp.
ton of the Government of the little Republic OF Ham
burgh. The highest tribunal is that OF the Senate
1t is composed of four Burgermeisters twenty four
Members, and four Syndics Secretaries of State
1t is in session three days in the week through
out the year, and is paid moderate compensation tor
its services They hold their Offices for life, and the
senior Burgermester presides over their deliberations
They fill such vacancies may occur by deatl-resg-
| nations rarely ever occur. The Common Hall OF the
citizens have upon any law proposed by the Sc
nate. This body is composed, not of the citizens &c.
| nerally, but Of select portion
The Senate has further check in its movements,
by the pursesrngs being controlled by the citizens
There five parishes, each OF which chooses two
members of the Treasury Chamber. There is also a
Board of Aldermen of 10 members, ) from each pa
rsh. The "Court of the Sixty composed of the 10
Aldermen and 40 ctIzens-l5 from each parish. The
"Court of the hundred and eighty, composed of
the "Court of the Sixty" and 100 sub-deacons-2
from each parish. 1t is not astonishing that Hamburger
moves cautiously in legislation, when the consent of
all these bodies is necessary to the passage Of
law.
In Hamburger there is but one bank This was es.
tabllshed in 1919, and is the only "Gro one now in
existence. Formerly Venice and Amsterdam had in
stitutions off similar character but they were liqu
dated at time when their trade was prostrated-a
measure, which must necessarily result from their
very nature, they yield profits, and their
confined to the space of saving time in counting
money, ard preventing errors in the transfer Of cash.
The bank Of Hamburger contains between 80 and 80
millions of marks of silver, and represents the extent
to weight, the mark fine of Cologne 1.-THE standard of
Germany, equal to $50 dwt English at 81 marks
shlDgs, and pays 1t back on demand at q marks 6
shngs the difference being retained for the benefit OF
the institution AS all transactions made for cash.
il is necessary, in order TO do business in Hamburger
TO purchase Baneo, and nobody trade beyond his
cash capital AS the bank issues bills the in crest
Of the silver in the vaults, is not on sunk but every
merchant pays addition to what he loses in this res
pect the clerk for keeping his book account He has
also TO appear in person. or by power of attorney,
business days, al certain hour 10 deliver the note Of
transfer Of his account 10 another The transfers are
made the day after merchandise has been delivered
uith0ut fail, and The seller receives notice from the
bank that his account is credited, and the silver al his
disposal after change hours the same day. fail
ure to have the transfer made, would be non-com
plance the part of the purchaser-and the sale con
sequently void. This is what is catled banking in
Hamburg, and is the only banking in the largest
mercial city, London excepted, in Europe
The exports of Great Britain to Germany exceed
2 900 900 annually and than four ftls of them
pass through this place The total number of arrivals
of vessels the Elbe, in lS42 4,7l7, of which
number, 900 were from Great Britain and its colo
MES. 1t is estimated that the cotton twist, manu-
featured at Manchester, which Germany consumes
yearly, is 10 the extent of three hundred thousand
bales Of the raw material. The import and export
duties here, SO light as to be scarcely felt
From third per cenium ad valorem, they have
Gently been advanced TO about half Transit du.
Hamburger is essentially an English town. 1t is SO in
lis manners-iis customs-and, indeed, in its feelings
The intercourse between il and London and Hull is so
constant that it could not be otherwise particularly
when it shares largely the kindness of Great Britain
specimen Of which may be seen in the recent reduc
ton of letter postage While the old charge Of god is
continue ed on half ounce letters 10 Altona a Danish
town. adjoining Hamburger Cd only is exacted on those
for the latter place. Make it the interest of Great
Britain to be LIBERAL and no nation can be
The trade of Hamburger with the United States is
very nconsderable. The quantity of cotton received
in lS42 was 1900 bags About one half of this
India 1900 only bags were brought direct from the
u S. This however, IS 90 per cent. more than the
importation Of 1887. Cotton factories sprlngng
up in the interior and at the low prices Of staple
the consumption OF it will be increased The receipts of
tobacco have been asonisbingly augmented since S37
Then they only amounted TO 5000 hhds. United
States production. In 1912, they reached 500 hhds
The mportaons OF rice from the u S. have also been
on more extended scale latery. The quantity that
arrived in 1887 $40 tierces in 1912 ,252 erces
Rice is fayore article Of food in Germany, and but
for the high duty on it in Prussia about % cents per
ID } the consumption would be immense-af ording a
ready market good prices for every pound we could
export. That grown in South Carolina is greatly pre-
feable to the East India, and always commands higher
prices by one or two cents the pound In 1887, sd
vessels arrived in the EIbe from the U. States. In
1S42, al.
The period is not Distant when Germany will con.
sumo much more of produce than she has hitherto
done With such an orderly and industrious popula-
tion she must become large manufacturing country
AT the recent fair at Leipsick, number of English
capitalists were in attendance, and bought largely Of
cloths for the China market not only on account OF the
superiority of quality, compared with English, but of
the cheapness Of value. Colorlng is so much better
understood in Saxony, and elsewhere in the interior,
that wool is frequently sent from Leeds TO be dyed,
before i, is manufactured German cloths have no,
glossy an appearance when new, as the English,
but they are smoother than the French, and invar
ably wear well, retaining their color to the last
Cities particularly such samples as have seen, they
would be decidedly popular An lnsuperable objec
ton TO English cloth is, that before garment is
half worn It becomes white upon the seams, and on
this account, The consumer pays much more for his
apparel than he would for German cloth, OF durable
color. At time when the most rigid economy should
be resored to- in order to exrca,e ourselves from
foreign debt, such matters as this should be taken
into consideration The German woollens nd
themselves to us as cheaper and better than English,
and these certainly primary considerations for us
to patronze them. They worn at all the Courts
an The Continent The shipments Of wool 10 Eng