Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1843-03-14

tI5nani al past deception, al! fully Awakened To TIE
startling consequences likely 10 be visited upon them
Since, The voice Of popular reprobation has relied il
tones oil thunder from almost every section Oh Tic Con
iederacy State alter State, has returned from is tenn
porary alteration TO The standard of Rcpubltcanism
until our party after resanin than all !. has lost
Is now making trumphal entry into the srons-ho!ds CT
their opponents. Thus established in popular asccn-
danoy, we might seem warranted in confident an,ic-
patton OF future and easy success did not The history
OF all Time, no less than the special signs Of the present
teach the instructive lesson, that hen seem 10
stand most securely, then are We most in danger Of
flng-tlla in tie boar Of highest prosperity, urs the
dangers Of oycr-sccuri,y and supinoncss fClicd i,
The fair results OF their own policy, oppo est have
gained the advantages OF superior wisdom and the
energy OF bitter evaporation They have neither aban
doneG the field lost the hope Of ultimate success
On the contrary, gathering their forces and marianC
all the strength OF their favored Interests they are
rallyng for contest, 10 be conducted " n tla bitter
ness oil feeling ard stabbornncss OF will, hch
cast into their last and final struggle. To prevent
their rcgaii:, ascendan:y they have so abused Il
secure The fruits Of our recent VICTORIES be assured
o'r utmost vigilance, caution, energy, and union, wi
be demanded. In order that you may fully coiaprc.
bend tie importance Of the approaching struggle, and
tie magnitude OF the consequences which u.,.i follow
victory defeat at this time, il will be nec.s.ar:
% back 10 tie OF .in Of the Two parties 10 state the
principles which they divided, aud 10 trace briefly
their respective policy and course, from tho beginning.
10 the present time.
Origin and Course IF Parties.
Tie origin NJ the two parties may be distinctly
traced 10 TIC Convention which formed the present
Constitution They were known in that body as the
National and Federal parties The former were in
favor OF great National Republic, in which the States
10 be considered subordinate and dcpcman
poratons, bearing nearly tic same relation 10 tie Gene.
raj Government counties do To States SO far was this
ROM "a ati.
strenuous efforts 10 give I'll, General Government nc
gatiYe all the laws OF the States; aud OF it, bold
leaders, Alexander Hamilton. even proposed at il
should have tie appointment Of the Governors Of the
States, wit! veto By them Stale las They were
also Tor the most part in favor Of President AMI Sc
na!c for Iiic such their dt.ust Of TIC people aud
of popular Institutions.
The Federal part, ~ the contrary, were in favor Of
Government in which the States should be left in fail
possession OF their sovereignty and Independence. and
10 which no powers should b. delegated except those
in which all the States should have common interest
rescrvng all others be exercised By the several States
through their separate local legislatures
Al the beginning, decided majority of the ConYon-
lion belonged TO the National party But fortunately
afterwards, the opposite, or Federal party, gradually be
stronger, and ultimately obtained Il majority,
w!.ic! resulted in forming our happy ana sublime s,s-
ten q! Government. 1t is die 10 the talented aud pl.-
rlolic leaders CT tic National party to say TIA; they
Il
ri.y, a:G notwithstanding their di=irls determined to
give the Government, fair trial.
General Washington was elected the first President :;
AID, in forming his Cabinet, appointed Thomas Jefferson,
Secretary Of state, AMI Alexander Hamilton, Secretary
Of III, 'i'rcasury-t distinguished by their
abilities and pair tism, but very opposite in the char
actcr Of their minds, AMI their political principles
Hamilton, has been stated, was the bodies, Of The
member, of he National party in The Convention and
Il soon became apparent, from the measures he pro-
posed, that his inclination III favor Of the system
which lie advocated in that body had controlling IN
ilencc him in his new position. II /, prcucg 10
state that the National party in the Convention, after
the formation o.! the Constitution, adopted the more fo-
p1!ar name Of ilcr opponents, and were called 'he
Federal party. which they retained until after the late
Var Under the influence Of his former predictions,
the whole scheme al iancn's policy tended 10 build
IN an artificial interest in soclctycreaicd by The 60
,ernt4cnt- dependant for surpor-rrcs ponshie I,
the ncoplc and independent; Of tie popular will thereby,
nc sought to attain the object which iii Convention he
crdcayorcd 10 accomplish, by Senate and President
for life This scheme lie pursued with such yi.or and
success as 10 place him at he head OF the Federal
party as its acknoW led sed leader.
Tie first measure h. proposed the funding sgs.
tan which created debt Of about So G00Uc0 .ia,
t,..e Il vast amount fnr 20 small and Impoverished a
po.ulaou. Then succeeded tic Treasury 0rdtr-
which directed, against the express provisions ri 'aw,
th, the dues 10 ;he Government nigh: he cnlsc:ed IL
Bank notes Tac order at the Ie atracteh bn. little
attention but proved in us consequences 70 he one
If tie most ;nsrhevous aud disastrous measures ever
adopted by the Government. II formed The !rst Ink
in the connection between Government ana the Banks.
That was followed up b. tie bndest OF all his mea-
sures The creation IF .Iaiiona! Bank, with capital
of $40 900 900, consisting for the most part al the
funded debt. lis charter provided that it should be
the depository OF the public money and the -eal agent
or the Treasury, by which arrangement il became the
centre of ell the artificial interests connected with The
p,oar system This was followed by proposition tn
profect manufactures and tn extend IN" mo"fy P0"cf OF
tho Government 10 nil objects that might be consi-
t.red rs connected with the general welfare, w'thoni
,cinr restricted 10 those specified aud enumerated IN
ha Constitution. 70 that end, he presented a'e re-
oorts and plans which but partially carried out
n The lime but lad the deep and suI'd foundation on
vhic the So called .iTieric@n system was ate1w ards
reared.
To this scheme Of policy, MIR Jefferson opposed,
as inconsistent mith he Constitution ard The nature
aad objects of our Federal systeG, OF Government.
Ills able and steady resistance paced hn NJ the head
of The party, called in the Ccnvenlinn the Federat
p,rty but after tho assumption 81 tina. name by The
National party called he Republican party. The fun
damen,al principles Of Ibis party, were IN hold hs Re
te7al Government ri.i1'y within The lim't::ons M
rosed b. the Constitution, and 81 The exercise d lie
oowersexDes.ly granted, and 10 administer lis powers
Nth simplicity and economy relying to! - s;f'n-h
mon nronc,ns the interests o the 2rea. h"dy o ttr
1tinltr, iGslpau 81 Sup!t'', tt - wy
re,,<, from artificial interests. As strenuous and IS
..e directed as the opposition Of jefferson was 10 H.
schemes Of his rival, proved altogether unsuccessful
The apnca Of tie 10 large, active, Influential hui
still partial interests overpnwcred that If h' "iisr 10
the general inieres, cf the whole They both retired
from office before the expiration Of Gen Washington
The eide. Adams succeeded General Washington in
the Presidential Char, and Mr. Jefferson succeeded
Mr. Adams as Vice President The administration oil
llr Adams, without the support of Hamilton proved
unequal to sustain the predon;nancy ii the party 10
which he f'iamonl had so successfully contributes =
Tie Gaas var with France, and the alien ana sed'on
acts which. weTe attacked with snch force 81 reason oy
the Virginia and Kentucky resolu;ions and NJ Maai'
son report ,nrned The tide 9; popular npi'"h astta
tie administration. \ revolution !s.io"ec, "h'ci
brought he Republican party into power N i7oi' %''n
NJ j. tfa5son q It's head With nil his ac.i;'J ana ~
dra. desire 10 refor the Government, and give II Inc
direction which The trainers of tie Constitution intended
il should take air JEFF iouni i 'aipcsso,e eh'r
IL to succeed in his tnfpnsed reform Hamilton had
done his work ton c:itc'u'y TO have y n"aohe' tat
through long process Of line Jeiis a'o n'nch 10
bring back the Government within The limits Oh Tue
Constitution. He could not accomplish all ne desired
He greatly reduced the expenses OF tae Government,
introduced economy and accountability IN us uisoo'se