The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-01-09

great southern Ocean, the voyage to China, Japan,
and the Oceana will be but more ordinary passage
as we may then be said to be able TO take one straight
course Then, on this great highway for all the ships
Of Europe, France Will have two excellent staisns.
The consequence of Antilles will then become az
great as IT IS now insignificant. They will be- AZ it
were. the first stage OF all commercial expeditions
The Mlrqnesas. placed at the entrance of this great
oceanic labyrinth, which extends TO a length of 4OO6
leagues, would become the second stage Ii is easy
TO conceive all the advantages which may be drawn
from this admirable position. We do not hesitate
10 aftlrm that the possession of New Zealand, TO
which England attaches so much value. is far from
being worth, IN maritime point OF view, the pos
session OF the Maquesas. II is useless after this
complain OF the French governments not having
thought OfmakiDg thsnew colony penal settlement.
1t must be confessed that it would be strange man.
ner OF establishing the sovereignty of France
Ihese shores, were we 20 send in the suite OF Our
soldiers and sailors the refuse of our hulks aud
our PRISONS. This would be singular mode Of
causing our name to be beloved, and our influence
to be respected, by sending among new people the
most corrupt and criminal of our own! No; it il
not an esabllshmen Tor transported convcts that M.
Dupetlt Ihouars Is gone TO found in this virgin
land, hitherto unbroken up by any European colo
nlsts. Such conquest Is made tor better pur-.
poses than TO serve asylum for robbers and
murderers.- La Pyrsse, Dec. s.
Spain.
The Sud OF Marseilles OF the Sd inst. in announc-
ing the arrival in that port of the Mercuro packet
from Barcelona, which she left on the LIST inst at s
in the morning, states that the whole of the Both
ult. was passed in negotiations between the new
Junta and the Regent, who was at SarrIa. The
Iunta is said to have demanded that Zurbano, Van
Halen, and the political chiefs, should be removed,
the garrison be changed, the National Guards
main armed and retain their present organization,
and the population be exempted from the military
consumption. II was not supposed that Esparero
to any proposition short Of unconditional submiS-
sion. The Semaphore OF Marseiles, in postscript,
states that everything was settled at Barcelona, the
Junta having accepted the conditions proposed by
Esparero, one of which was The disarmng OF large
portion OF the National Guards.
The Phare des Pyrenees OF Dec. 4, says -" Tho
last news received by us from Barcelona are of the
29h ult at ten in the evening. Ten bombs had
been thrown from Monuich on the town, and the
travellers who left by the diligence think they heard
the firing repe ated about midnight" This account
is improbable, tor no Information OF the kind IL
contained in any of the letters of the Both
1t appears from statistical account of the popu-
aton of the Island Of Cuba, in the Madrid Gazette,
that there AIS ,29l whites SO 054 muattos 0H4
muatto slaves Ga 7Sl free blacks and 1875 521 black
slaves making total of l,O07 GA
Turkey.
The Universe says =" Our Constantinople
correspondence of November IL, informs US
of very sad piece. OF news which con-
firms the official abandonment by Frame Of the
prolectorate Of the Christians of the East
For two years all the European powers have been
exceedingly busy with the foundation OF hospital
for the Christians Count de Pontois, when ambas-
sador in that city, maintained with the prais
worthy energy the right OF France to be the excu-
sive protecress of that establishment. This claim
was strongly contested by the other great powers,
which have determined TO destroy the influence OF
France in the East, by putting end to her protec
torate. The question discussed with warmth
AT Constantlnople between the French and anti
French parties. At last, M. de Pontois took posses
sion OF the hospital in the of France. Short
w after the Count was recalled TO Paris and replace
pd bv the eY. editOr Of the Drhata M II
ney. This diplOmalst was ordered 10 stifie eude
all difficulties, and he has marvsllously succeeded
by sacrificing the interests OF France. As to the
special affair of the hospital this policy OF ncessant
concessions and humiliations has ended in proving
that Catholic protectorate is deinitivey aban-
doned 10 the demands of the Great Powers. The
Instructions sent to M. de Bourqueney ordered him
give up the claim Of France to be recognised as
the sole protecress of the Christian hospital M. de
Bourqueney has allowed the principle of collective
protection, which is nothing else than triumph to
the enemies of France; for it is the abandonment Of
her ancient and glorious protection In the East
Prince Alexander Chlka, on the 18th of October
last signed his formal abdcatIon of The sovereignty
of Walachia, in compliance, the document states
with the will of the high protecting Powers, and
RENTED the government into the hands OF the Kali
makhans appointed by the Sublime Porte.
The town of Pergamos, in Asia Minor, has been
submerged by inundation. All the Turkish
persons have lost their lives. The Governors pa
lace and the prison have been completely destroyed.
The Russian Government continues to treat the
Poles with the greatest mildness, with view to con-
cate the nation 1t will probably succeed, con-
ground, and that the worldly advantages of CONVEX
sion are manifest. Ii has been ously stated
that the Catholics are oppressed In Poland The
Government does not Cypress them, It merely oppo-
SEES the improper encroachments OF the clergy. IL
would be OF very little Importance TO it whether the
Poles were Catholics, IT Catholicism could exist IN
dependent Of the Court Of Rome.
An imperial ukase has been published, reducing
the period of service the army TO years. This
measure is said have been adopted as che OK up
on desertion the convention between Russia and
Prussia for the mutual surrender Of deserers being
at an end.
The Prussian State Gazette, OF the End inst, pub
fishes a cabinet order 10 the following effect -
"The reduction OF taxes which had been fixed at
from 100000 to l,6O00 600 rxdollars, is with the
consent OF the committees of the provincial states
carried TO 1000, 0OO nxdollars to commence LIST Of
January next OF this sum considerable portion
is TO be appropriated IN lowering the price of SALT in
order to afford relief to the INDECENT classes" The
same order also declares that the state will contri-
butte to the charges of forming the railroads for
bshing rapid and easy communication between
the provinces, and more particularly by guarantee
ing the payment OF interest on the capital employed.
Egypt.
A letter from Cairo, Of October q, informs us
that the Prusslan Scientific Commissioners, under
the direction Of Dr. Lepsus, have made an excur-
sion TO the Pyramids Of Ghiza, where, on the
10Th, they celebrated the King of Prussia's birth
day. Inc Commission was preparing TO take an
expedition into Upper Egypt.
M d'Arnaud, French traveller, who formed
part of an expedition despatched by Mebemet All 10
ascend TO the of the Nile, has reached the
upper part OF the stream. According to the general
opinion, the Nile, after direct course from its
mouth towards the south, turned to the west, where
il was supposed il took itsorigin M dArnaud had
arrived al the point where the river turns off, and in
his letter he states that the principal branch both in
width and volume of water came from the south
and nor the west. II is, therefore, towards the
source of the great artery of Egypt 1t appe ars that
the vessel which carried NJ. dArnaud was dashed to
pieces in the Nile and that the collections OF natural