davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04
PRICE TEN CENTS ERWEEK.a

y1NHE undersigned respectfully inform merchants
u and the citizens of the district generay, that
they have established an office in Washington city
for the receiving and forwarding East, West, and an
South of valuable Packages, Parcels Samples, Bundles
aei which they fully prepared to transport by y
mail speed ,ej.;a,4 ,s.h 80 ~ g.,,i, ,.,
As they are the only persons who have contract
with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company for
that purpose they enabled to receive and forward
goods, SIC. in advance Of any other lines III
\ Merchants and Others who wish to avail Them
selves of ouri line, and whoorder goods, S1c from
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and baltimore, will
find it to their advantage to direct in care OF the iol-
lowing tsgi s'agsti.4as giJes l asia4tasfsssl-
~ Per Adams s. Cos Express from Boston and New
York 9 .. .t f. .~,,. .4st ts.s.s,s..,. I.
! Per Shoemaker s Sanlords Express from Pha- m
'tlelptlia. s.t Xxx Il s. vi, 's.s. {,
Per Rogers s. Cos Express from Baltimore. 'l-4
1--WE receive Packages, Parcels, &c forsthc East,
West, and South at all hours during the day, and de-
liver them to the consignee soon as received I'VE
will also receive and forward from Baltimore and
Washington goods and articles Of every description
by the first regular trains. ss Lasa is,laSsas
NJ, stft,a safsy su} ELI ltOSrE.iNo g ~ ~. i
Office at Brooke s Periodical Depot adjoining Beers
Temperance Hotel, Penn. ay., Washington city J.
Office adjoining Baltimore and Ohio Railroad De-
pot, Pratt street, Baltimore. 'e ~ y
Il nov Tim sssl# 4 sseiit gnt Il
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04

DROUT AND MATIIER'S p PRINTING INK,
i book and news always on hand, and sold at their
prices. lpJ IS y9n4ilssxg n, FARNllAM, gGf
nov corner I1th st, and Penn, av.
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04

ITO PARENTS AND TEACHERSll1The sub-
j. scriberhas justreceived from the NorthSh large
assortment of Sohnol Books The best editions have
been careful selected and weibound, consisting Of
every kind pf school book and other requisites shat
and will be aold at unusually low prices, aass-,. I
'sassss st. sss S'sss.'1 .~m R.FARNT1AM, I'M.
h nov6 6 es.'ps- corner lth stfeet and Penn. ay.
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04

COUTHERN TONIC. This preparation is offered
Oto the public with feelings Of deiieacy for in this
ageof qnackery the proprieors are well assured i
lis harrassed by AN enormous catalogue Of stuas for
the cure of all maadies Thejinyentors Of this YAH
liable medicine, from long residence at the South,
and from the, nature Of their vocation, have come
Immediately in contact with all the diseases incident
to that climate, and have been astonshcd at finding
30 great proportion of nyads suffering from fever
and ague. Having witnessed the want of success in
the practice Of them skilful physicians, and the
entire failure of the best prescriptions put up by
themselves they were induced TO try the Southern
Tonic preparation which had long before suggested
itself to them, and were gratfed beyond their most
sanguine hopes by its virtues, sf;, Il * tse ydg fy
This viii be found a; valuable Alternative as wen as
tonic, in most cases Of general debility OF weakness,
and in cases Of a torpid and Inactive state of the
gestive functions, this medicine via regulate the
Bowels, give tone 10 sle atenash and increase the
Appetite and leave thsg s.esssseFsl sas9s
Of health III C00YER sG G0AK, s
5qAtls ssss VI Montgomery Aiahnmas ii
sa8H 4g CHARLES SIOTEr tsa iss
nov 6--Im* @,vsey as,}t Agent for the District
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04

FRENCH URSE, an Oral Sys-
dllvtem Of Teaching Living Languages, filtustfased
by practical course oflessons the French through
the medium of the English, by Jean Maaesca, fourth
edition, revised. For sale by r. FARNliAM,
1.. tit.s corner i lth street and Penn, ay> :.
Where may be found all the French School books
now in use, and sold at very low prices nov 4
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04
!. NUMBER Is. ].
QUGAR, TEA, COFFEE, GLADES' BUTTER,
~ HAMS, FLOUR, AND BUCK Thea

CfUGAR, TEA, COFFEE, GLADES' BUTTER,
- HAMS, FLOUR, AND DBUCEyVHEAT.-rThsss
subscriber respectfully returns thanks Y biz fpstQm-W
pers and the public generally for past Encouragement
and, offers complete assortment OF Family GrocclFeW
ries Of the best quality and perfectly fresh, having
been purchased at The first US %.T
ss psisss viii oS 81 III
move Penn. avenue between 9Th and iotf st. ~
;7T7TLLIAM THOMPSON, Justice q the Peace, sas
oea Ssa rsSs
from 10 O'Clock, A. M, until o'clock p. M His
Office is at the corner Of 9th street and Louisiana 90
avenue hs dwelling the east sideo 9th streetyaa8
between and streets The advertiser rsspects sys
fully calls upon those defendants who desire himto
act officially in their cases. TO intimate this TO the
officer, and request him to leave the Warrant whenF
Escryed oh them at the Office of the advertiser He
regrets have occasion for stating that the unair sE
means which have been used by certain officers te Ii
persuade and deter defendants against appearing
his Office, he has been deprived of large amount OF
corporation and civil husness which was intended suH
Flor him 9g Fsii 8t 14dfss ,ssa.I.
The advertiser not so unreasonable as to expect
,as soso e Seoe aes q lis
choice, reliance be placed, should indulge the
defendant by taking his word But it is hoped by the a
advertiser tcat no attemptwil hereaferbs madehy
the officer to persuade, influence, or deter
either corporation civil cases from selecting the
Justice before whom their shall be tried, as the
ss mos. has pTa sSsa psss
syss sspseaSs psss sssss as
ii the District Of Columbia salsa p agat ss4 sa ya
Notaria AgencS and Collecting business be asa
Jlshtny attended so aLsala ny Iii 81 isssss
aTlARGAINsi IN BooTs AND sHoEssr+ The I'd Isl. y
lhat ne has ine assortment and Sh6es s
on hand consisting af es and booted sasas
sd bst sSs Sss S6sslss sa yiesss
boots, buskn tiles, and slippers ssrfs Il
ssa ri s IS cash., ss0'' ;s SHs sss s a -
r9vs Penn avenue, between M shd l0th ss IS sss..
hr, q 63I5f, n oTE,f(srn ss,.
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04
PR OSP E c I U S.

THE Undersigned, believing that cheap daily
l. Wing newspaper at the seat of Government
would prove valuable auxiliary to- the Wing cause
during the approaching Presidential contest, will
publish, on the first Monday IN .November neat, a
thorough and decided W hig paper, entitled,
THE w HI ST A N OAR d,
The Whig standard., 1843-12-04

llANCYs NOTE PAPERS,, sFN VELOPEH,e &c.,
IH&c.-As splendid assortment ofnote papers, plain,
gilt embossed, and lace bordered; do doen elopes
Of numerous sizes and patterns; pearl and iyory
carved folders of richest patterns; seals Of pearl
vol and glass, plain and with notices Of best nl
prcssions; ladiesn work boxes fancy scaling wax ;
motto waters In boxes; assorted notices; card cases
Of carved ivory and pearl Of thete richest style OF
patterns cards for baskets perforated and BRISTOL
sale by rSes1 saf w0N WNI.s r. BAYLY,b sfgsr
8nI09sd ledi said4 .4gentf6r Hes7ik & Runt. ID 4
81 nov -6m, Penn, av. between lth and 18th ss.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14
by THE PRESIDENT OF THE U. STATES.

" Pursuance of law, !, JoHN TYI ER, Prcsden OF
i the United States Of America, do hereby declare
aud make known that public sales will be beld the
aforementioned Land Offices, in the State of MIS-
SOURI, sttho periods hereinalte designated TO wit:
AtPLATTSBURG, in Clinton county, the seat
Of the Land Office tor the Platte district OF Missouri
commencing on MONDAY, The ninth day Of October
next, for the DISPOSAL OF the public lands within the
aforementioned townships, aud fractional townshiIs,
TO wit:
North Of The base line and iresf Of he Inn principal
meridian, and wesf qfhs former oesfern boundary
Qfhe STATE.
Toe nshIp sirty-two, Of tango thirty -four.
Townships siriy-one and sky three, Of range
thiuy-fve.
townships s1ty.two and sixty -four Of range thirty
six.
Townships s1y-onO and sIty-,hrce, of range
thirty-seven.
townships .Hty-wo and sixty -four, ofrapge thirty
eight.
The wcs, half Of township sir,y-on,, Of range
lhirty-nipe.
Frac, onal township sixty two and township sixty
four, of range forty.
Fractional townships si1ty-two and sHty-three, Of
range furty-one
fractional townships sirty-thrce and sixty -four, of
range foIty-two.
North ofhe base line and ioes Of he 6h principal ,r-
dian, and cast Of The former pestern boundary Of
Townships sir'y-Ons and sin'ytwo, Of range
Townships sixty, siTty-onc and sirty;tno, ofIsnge
twenry-eight.
Township siriy-one, Of range twenty-nine.
Also al the same place, commencing on Monday
the thirteenth day Of November nert for the disposal
Of the public lands within the limit, Of the under.
mentioned townships and fractional townships, viz
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14
NOTICE.

In pursuance Of he provisions Of the act Of Con
gress approved % March, 1888 entitled An act TO
Establish town at St Marks, FLORIDA" The Register
and Receiver Of the La nd Office at Tallahassee wN
be required, prior to the day of sale to ascertain che
value Of any Improvements which may have been
made" the lots designated in this proclamation re-
speclively, Sand the purchaser al public sale Of any
lot upon which there such improvements, other
, than the owner thereof, shall, in addition TO The sum
be paid to the United States he, and hereby Is, re-
CURED to pay TO the Of the Improvements the
value Of them thus asceItained and If payment
therefor shall not be made upon The day which the
same purchased the lot shall be again offered at
public sale the day OF sale and such person
shall be capable of becoming the purchaser OF that
OF any other lot offered al that public sale Prouded,
That if any lot offered and bid of the last day
of the public sale shall not be thus paid for he
may be entered at private sale upon paying to he
United States the sup at which it was bid of, and 10
the owner Of the improvements, the previously aster
tanned value thereof"
By the act of Congress aforesaid, the minn
price Of each lot is fixed at twenty-five dollars.
THO. II. BLAKE,
Commissioner The General Land OGec.
June l4-l22d Oct.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14

LcCULLoCH's UNIVERSAL GAzET

M cCULLOCH'S UNIVERSAL GAZET
1VI TER, &c.-A Dictionary, geographical sga
stical and historical Of the various caunirrs places
and principal natural objects in he world illustrated
with seven extensive and complete maps steel by
}. X. McCuloch, Esq, in volumes Svo. Ia which
he articles relating To the United States Will be re-
written and greatly multiplied and extended and adapt.
ed 10 the present condition Of The country and 10 the
wants of III citizens. BY Daniel Haskel, A. M. late
President OF the University of Vermont. In ~ or
20 numbers a, 25 cents.
Such work is greatly needed in the United States
at the pre,ent time. The existing Gazclieefs are
generally old and 10 degree antiquatej. Geography
rs science which in lie own nature, beyond most
Others progressive. Changes are constantly taxing
place Ia the condition OF the world AID OF ~ inhab
taDis the various parts Of tie earth are continually
more extensively explored and to exhibit ~ changes
and the and valuable inior nation which H. Jer-
petusly developed requires works this sub
joct
The English language has never been ADORNED
with more valuable work of this kind than he new
and splendid woik Of McCullocb. The fullners with
which each article written the cleancs. of the
r,ngement Throughout and the vast surface iravcrsed
under each head, and in every department of inquiry
essential 10 The Undertaking contribute 10 the prouc
ton of the most luminous body of inf rmation con-
cerniog geography, statistics, and history and all
matters necessary 10 their eucidation, that has ever
been brought Together IN shape 20 prosperous and
accessible. Such publication, which con bo refer
red to on the instant fI any subject embraced In Ne
pages, Is Indispensable 10 all libraries and must COM
ple,ely supeseie every previous attempt TO pupuanIc
and reduce within convenient limits these various
classes of information,
The first number Of the above IL Just issued from
the press and may be examined at the bookstore OF
+. TAYLOR
The work can travel through the mail. at the rsir
of magazine postage only. Orders through the nais
(post peid) promptly attended TO.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14

enc hundred and five one hundred and nine, one
bundled aud thirteen, one hundred and seventeen,
me hundred and twenty one, and one hundred and
twenty five Iopr scented upon he pan OF the said
town prepared by the Surveyor General OF the Ter
ritoiy of Florida.
The sale will be kept open for two weeks (unless
the lots are disposed OF and no longer and no
priv ate entry of any lot offered, will be admitted
until after the expiration of The two weeks.
Given under ny hand al The Chy OF Washington,
JOHN TYLER.
BY the President:
Tho. Ii. BLAME,
Conamissioner Of the General Land QHes.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14

twenty seven and thiriy-four, In township sixteen
and Ito fractional section thirty sx, IN the iraelson''
TOW n.hip seventssa. OF range six.
Al the Land Office at CtilCAGO, commencing
oo Monday, the tusnty nm day Of September next,
cor the disposal Of the public lands hereinafter dese
mated to wit:
North Of The Base Lane and Easi II .he third prinei
| pal MerididR.
Fractional townships lhidy-one and thiny-two'
bordering on The Indiana State line, OF range btseen
The east fraction of the southeast quarter OF sec
ton six, in township tbiriy-lhree Of range four
The east half and northwest quarter OF the
northeast quarter Of section three and the norti nav
the northwest quarter Of the same section, IN town
hip thirty nine, OF range eight
! The east half Of the southeast quarter OF section
dfeen, in township forty-three, of range eleven
The northwest quarter Of section twslye In town
ship forty, of range thirteen
Az the Land Office at DANVlLLE, commencing
on Monday the second day OF Ocfobel next for the
disposal of the public lands within the m's oil rae
tional townships twen,y-oight, twenty-nine, ana
thirty north of the base line Of range ten west oil
the second principal meridian.
Al the Land Office at kASKASKIA, commence
ing on Monday, the sirteenh day OF October nexi,
for the disposal OF the public lands within the limits
of the southeast quarter of section hriy-threc, and
the southwest fractional quarter of the same section,
on island twenty-lour lin the Mississippi river,) IN
township thirteen, south, Of range tbres west;
At the Land Office at EDW ARDSVlLLE, com
meDclng on Monday, the niHW Jay OF Crfooef HeA'i
for the disposal of the public lands within the limits
OF fractional sections thiItyone and thirty two, 10
tow nship six north of range ten west and fractional
section twenty-five townshi? six north, OF range
eleven est constituting islands numbsIod sixty and
sixty-onc, in the Mississippi river
At the Land Office at QUINCY commencing on
Monday, the trentyihird day of October next, "r
the disposal of the public lands within the limits oil
the aforementioned tracts, VIZ:
North Of he Base Line and Eas. qfhe fourth Prin-
cipai Meridian.
The north half and southeast quarter OF secuon
twenty three IN township four, of range three.
The northwest quarter Of section twenty-five, IN
tow nship So en-, of range seven.
Lands appropriated by law for the use OF schools,
military, or other purposes, will be excluded from
sale.
The sales will each be kept open ortwo weeks unees
the lands are sooner disposed of and no longer and
no private entries .. land in the townships SO offered
will be adpilted until ufer the expiration Of tho !"
weeks.
Given under my hand, at the city of Washington,
this eighth day of June, Ammo Domini lsi3
JOHN TYLER.
By the President
THo II. BLAKE,
Commissioner offte General Land once.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14

North Of the base line and ossi f the MN principal me-
ridan, aud ~est Of the former us'1srn boundary %
The STATE.
Fractional townships hny, 6fiy.-one, hhy-ihree'
DE- y-fve and I'll seven, Of range tb:r'y-three
Township. ffiy-two, fhy-four, 6ty-sx, hhy-eisht
and sixty. OF range thirty Hour.
Fractional tow nship 6fty-one townships my three,
fifty five, fractional township fifty seven and township
If y-nine Of range ,hirty-hye
Fractional townships 6hy- -four, fhy-si1 aud my
seven and tow nship sixty, OF range ,hity-slx.
Fractional townships fhy-fse, fhy-siI, hfty-eighi
and 6fiy-nine, Of range ,hiry-seyen.
Fractional townships Gity-hve and sixty Of range
thirty eight.
Al the Land Office at LEXINGTON, commenc-
ING ON Monday the second day of October next for the
disposal of the public lands within the limits of the
undermon.ioned townships, to Wit
North Of base line and ,ess Of the fh principal me
ridiaa.
Townships thiry-sir, lhiry-seven and thirty ight
Townships thiry-Gve and thirty seven, Of range
fifteen.
Township thirty five oranges sixteen and nineteen
Townships thrty-ive, thirty-sx, thirty and
thry-eight, of range twen,y-one.
Township lhiry-eight, OF range twenty three.
Township thirt ,y-nine, OF range tweDiy-eighl
Townships tn 'r,y eight and ,hrty-nine, Of range
twenty nine.
Township forty. of ranges thirty one, thihytwo,
and thirty-three.
Southwest fractional quarter Of section twenty
one and the north east and northwest fractional
quarters Of section twenty-fou in nshp fhy-one,
south OF Missouri river Of range tweniy-siI.
South west quarter OF section seven, in township
forty nine, of range twenty-seven.
Lands appropriated by law, for the Use Of schools,
military other purposes, will be excluded from
SALE
The sales will each be kept open for two weeks,
(uness the lands dsposed of and no long
er and no private entries of land in the townships
offered will DO admitted, until after the expiration of
the wo weeks.
Given under my hand at the City of Washington
this eighth day f June, Ammo Domin ls43
JOHN TYLER.
BY the President:
Tho. II. BLAKE,
Comm'r'ot The General Land Office.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14

anI.and In the Mississippi nvcr containing thirty
one so 100 acres torming parts OF secons thtty
and thirty i've In township seventy-egh' OF rang
three.
North Of the base lin" and West ef the aa principal
msrSasan.
Townships eigb'y-two and eish'y-lhIe" OF range
Az the Land of6ce a, FAIRFIELD. commencing
on MONDAY the second dsy Of Oeiaeer next, TOT 'hs
disposal OF the public lands hereinafter ae's""'''
VIA;
.NsriA n sA& Asss 6.s saa Hss' " the %" P''"'P"
Hsysssas.
Tavn.hip s,,.nty-six, OF range nine,
Az isianl ~ The Mississippi, riveI forming parts
s,,,.n. seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, Ia Town
.h9p ,atS.s,ght Ut range twR, and parts 81 seeion'
,air,esa aud twenty -Four, " township sixty-e'sh'
f~e snail islands in the Mississippi river, forming
rags At seenaa sly, IN town hip seventy OF rahg'
Nae AMI PARTS vf sect,ons one ami twelve IN Town
| sAip seventy, Of range two
Aa i.snl IN ,hs Mississippi river, forming parts o.
ssSNaas Raeen, sixteen, tweni,-one and twenty TWO
snc~,a thai portion OF the island within the limits OF
section sixtsrn and TWO islands in tho same ri'er
one oi them i,Tming portion Of sections twenty
too, ,wcuty six aud twenty and the other
parts of sections twenty-five and t~en'y-se'en-Ai
in township seventy -four, of range two.
Three islands in the Mississippi river, forming
Parts of sections twenty one, twenty-five, twenty
seven, twenty-eight twentynine and ihir,y-two, IN
township seventy zone, Of range one.
Huron Island and six small islands in the Missis-
sirp river forming parts OF sections three, nIne ten
fifteen, sixteen, twenty-one, twenty-five, tweh'y-
three twenty-six, uenty-seven and thlrtyfo ex-
ceu so much of Huron Island lies within the
limits of section sixteen, in township seventy-t"s, oil
range one.
An island in the Mississippi river, forming part OF
section three in township seventy-wo, OF range one,
and part of section thirty -four, in township seventy
three, of range one.
An island IN the Mississippi river, forming parts OF
sections twenty-five, twenty-sevcn and thirty four IN
township seventy three, of range one.
Four islands in the Mississippi river, forming parts
Of sections twentyeght to lhirty-fve inclusive, in
township seventy -seven, of range one.
Lands appropriated by law for the use of schools,
military, or other purposes, will be excluded fIom sale
The sales will each be KEEP, open for two weeks,
(unless the lands are sooner disposed of and NJ
longer, and no private entries of land in the town
ships so offered will be admitted until after the expi-
ration of the two weeks
Given under my hand at the City Of Washington
this eighth day Of June, Ammo Domini, lS43
JOHN TYLER
By the President
Tho. ii BLAKE,
Co,n,n; ssiO1irr of the General Land Office.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE U. STATES

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE y, STATES
M HEREAS by the act Of Congress approved on
w the Both day Of June, 1884, entitled " An act
10 authorize the sale Of lots in the town of ~, Marks
Florida" the Pfesdents authorized TO direct the Re.
gsicr and Receiver Of the Tallahassee land district
to make sale IT public auction of fourth Of the lots
in the toyn Of ST. MARKS, in the TERRITORY
OF FLORIDA, according 10 the plan oftbo Survey
Or General Of SAID Territory: Now know yc that
JouS TYLsa, President Of the United States, do here
Ivy declare and make known that public sale will be
held at the Land Office at TALLAHASSEE, in the
TERRITORY OF FLORIDA, for the disposal Of
the aforementioned lots IN the town Of 81. Marks
Florida, on Monday the frenty-hird day Of october
next, viz:
Lots numbered one, Ave, nine thirteen, seventeen
twenty-ope, twenty FIVE twenty -ninc, thrty.thrce,
thirty seven, forty-one, forty-6vc forty nine, fly
three, hfy-even, sixty one, sir,y-fve sixty nine,
venty seventyseycp, eighty one, pioc y-6ve eighty
nine ninety three nine'y-seven one hundred and one
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14
NOTICE TO PRE-EMpTloN CLAIMANTS

Every person entitled to the right Of pre-cmIiiin 70
any lands within the limits nf the township. above
enumerated is required TO establish the 10 the
satisfaction If the Register aud Receiver OF the pro-
per Land Office, and make payment therefor as soon
practicable otter seeing Ibis notice md bcfre the day
appointed for the commencement of the public sale
the township, embracing the tract claimed above
designated Otherwise such claim will be forfeited.
THO. II. BLAKE
Commissioner Of The General Land Office.
June H-tnos.I3
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-12-14
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE U. STATES

Bt lie fhtSiDEN Il VI he u, . II Eo
IN pursuance of law, !, JoHs TyLsn, President OF
Il the Un'icd States Of America, do hereby declare
and make known, that public ,alcs will be beId at the
aforementioned Land Offices in the Territory OF
IOWA, at the periods hereinafter designated, TO wit:
AT the Land Office at DU BUQUE, commencing
on Monday the sixteenth day Of October next, Tor
the disposal Of the public lands within the limits OF
the aforementioned townships, ,ir:
th Of the ba. line, and sast Of The 5h principal me-
ridian.
Townships cigb'y-,wo and eighty three, of range
one
Townships eighty -one ,eighty-tv and cigh,y-th,cc
OF ranast~o.
townships sigh,y-ono, ,siah,y,wo and eighty.
hr-e, Of range eight.
Township s'ghty-three, Of range Avv.