The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1843-09-27

this great business the cultivation OF the earth. II
it for his sins that Mas was eondemn 70 til
the land il was TIE most merclu Judgment that Nj
mighty benigniiy could have inflicted upon him -
\ Loud AMI repeated cheers AL
Now, gentlemen, IN regard 10 the great nterests OF
agriculture, there things which indi, duals may
DO for themselves; aud there are things too, which
the collected seBse--the collected agency of indYd-
ais, that is, which GoyERRMENr must do for them.
What they do themselves, they must be teR 10 do
for themselves, But, as have said, there great
objects, great interests, great arrangements, winch
necessary for the enrichment OF the fields of agri
culture, for every one who ILLS them, which belong
TO Government, aud which Government is not IA the
iulhment oil lis duties when II dsregards or neglects
Individuals may Judge, such instructions as they
can obtain, of The character Of the soil aud of climates
they may Judge OF the implements aud modes OF nus
bandry. THIS IS the scope, indeed, Of judgment, Of
experience oil association, OF comparison OF ideas
and comparison of experiments, which institutions
like yours are particularly intended 10 bring together
You have here spre0d out the mean OF Judging what
implements Of agriculture, wba, modes OF cultivation
are best adapted To produce any desired result and
the study of these constitutes the education Of the
farmer This is to be done 10y individuals and by in
diyidual associations But there other things in
agriculture as IN other interests Of society," which
need the and OF Government. IL would be strange II
II were oiherwise-straDge, indeed, II Government,
the collected agency oil the whole People, should find
employ ment wth regard TO other things, aud yet he
discharged from all duty with regard TO that eemen-
tary, that Indispensable interest, the cultivation Of the
fields.
There interests of agriculture too large and dis
tant Tor individuals TO govern and regulate. These
Government must attend TO. What are they shall
not go through them ALL because il does not become
me- and because | am not about to read lectures
Government IN general, or 10 our own Government
IN particular Cheers and laughter But there
things which individuals cannot do for themselves,
and which, therefore, the very objects which IL
Is the duty Of Government todo for them So it is in
other respects, | an indNi cannot protect HIM
sell against assault and violence, the Government
must protect him. If individuals cannot open Tor
Themselves a market, Government must do II for
thcn-the general agency OF society mist be called
IN. ] he whole theory Of Government, if We sepa-
rate IT from divine right, if consider It existing
Tor the good Of The governed, implies that Govern
ment Is to do Tor individuals what individuals cannot
do for themselves. Now, there are things which in
dividuais cannot do for themselves, for they require
the contributions Of many they require arrangement
system, regulation, assessments, administration. And
what are they
In the first place. so far, (and wish to speak of II
no iurther) 50 lar the interest of agriculture Is
concerned, lis first demand IN Government is after
That pfotecuon-l do not the word poliii-
cal sense-afer that protection Of The law which Sc
cures TO every man the earnings OF his own labor !;
alter this the duty of Government agriculture is
10 gtpe easy Transmission Of lis products 10 The place "
sale and consumption; because climate--in any
climate-human life, II we carry our ideas beyond
mere necessity calls for things, the products of other
climates, the fruits Of the labor OF other persons III
other parts Of the world and therefore there is al
ways a necessity for commercial exchange for dspo-
sin5 OF the surplus productions Of climate Tor
those oil another, and thus to become possessed Of
what are commonly regarded the luxuries of life
but which are its comforts, and which the pro-
duets OF the labor OF different quarters Therefore,
one great object and duty of Government is
that The products of the tarmer may be easily and
speedily transported 10 the place of consumption or
sac. need not say, gentlemen, that you in Western
New York are striking, and, doubt not, grateful
example oil The excellent system of avs and policy
which has prevailed in your State, and gwen you an
easy transmission for the products OF your rich soil and
industrious labor to place OF sale consumg tIon
(Cheefs) Who is there here that does not
leel ihe henefcence, tie wisdom, the patriotism Of
Clinton, and the other projectors Of your vast inter
nal improvements Loud cheers Party yioience
or party injustice may dim for time and pre- udice
may nJure, and malignuy may rail but there cannot
be, 4 there l. not honest man in all ives
tern New York on whose heart the memory of elm
ton is not rndelihy engraved Enthusiastic APP
plause and cheers Gentlemen, in this respect, your
position cnnobes you beyond any thing the face
OF the earth New York city has been brought very
near your doors. The great emporium OF this great
Contlnen. lies close before you. You are rich m
your home market-a market of purchase aud of
sale All New York is at your feet You can deal
with her as If you lived ia Of her wards Il
for all the purposes Of commerce.
And, gentlemen, If | might contemplate condi-
lion of society which, with regard the discharge
Of all great duties, nothing lett 10 be desired,
should look at Western New York, with her favored
climate aud fertile fields, with those improvements
she has completed aud those others which She
templates an object of interest net only to all the
States OF this great I'm o. tut 10 the feelings and
hopes and highest aspirations OF every man. AS
American, with pride would look upon these great
works commenced, completed and 10 be compile ed.
all existing ~ iullness and perfection that the world
may see what Republican Government, wise 10 its
councils, liberal IN rs policy, can do for the advance
ment OF the great interests of society. Cheer, -
Gentlemen, the farmers Of New York have no lust
reason TO envy those who live amid the coffee fields,
the sugar-canes, the orange groves, the palm trees ID
cocoas, ami the pinc-appIcs Of the tropics Far 9TH
erwise. His wheat fields, his grass field, his herds
and Hocks, and his forests, Infinitely richer
Gentlemen, there IS another great object which
properly falls TO the care Of Government of interest
10 all uers OF the land who have easy and cheap
transmission 10 market: II is, Of course the srdence
of such markets. There must be markets of sale OF
consumption. Why will a man toll to fill his gra-
narles and cellars hey the wants Of hs own family
unless somebody will buy the surplus which he has
10 sell, and by means Of which, therefore, he may he
able to buy elsewhere what lac cannot raise upon his
own farm market, there ore, a market Of con-
sumption Is paramount object to all agrcul,uall,ts
who cultivate rich soils, beneath kindly skies and a
warming sun, and who raise more than is necessary
in order TO the susentation Of life. II is absolutely
Indispensable. do not say that II is entirely thin
the cOnttOl OF GoNcrnmeut ! know tat II Is not
There many considerations which afect the
market, such as the policy Of other nations,
tie course OF trade, the condition Of society,
aud thousand other causes which modify all go
vernmcuL But, after all, it is and must be great
object Of Government. Looking only at the question
as political question, (aud God forbid that | should
use tie word political" IN party sense) II Is
tainly matter OF interesting inquiry where the
plus productions of labor shall hhd a sale This is
matter for Government, in an enlarged political, PHI
losohhic, aud, may say, phanthropic consideration
Of us duties. good Government seeks 10 promote the
interests OF all citizens, Of all vocatons. have said
that to this Object market necessary What is it 10
you that fields here IN the Genesee Valley abound
the richest wheat believe, face Of the earth
what is 1t to you, beJ ond consumption Of your
own households, # there is no demand no market