The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1843-11-12

letter written by Dr. franklin on this subject whilst Go
vernor OF vapia addressed to the Convention
SAMPLED Philadelphia In May l1s7 for the purpose OF
fsmng the constitution He sho we'd that Dr. he the
same views which he (Nr. w a1vocsed Mr.. w. also
entered into &c all OF the proceedings ofth.
conventions of the merchants and shipbulliers and
the mechanics aud trsdesmen oil Boston who assembled
at the period for the puspose Of petonng the old
Congress for protection These movements he contended
exercised very important inf dence the rsfcstio
OF the Constitution. lie then proceeded 81 Now
gentlemen, If osk 10 the debates in ell Conven
uonso the exposiiions OF all the lesding m en- that
perodwe will tina, every where il was held
great reason for adopting the Constitution that IL would
give reasonable and all the
home industry Of the country The then is In the
Constitution The question the expedisncy Oh It's
excessive wish in the exercise OF this and all pow
ers about which persons differ, much moderation. IN
laying tarih Tor the announcement Q, our IN ~ ,;,
must remem Der thu there shipping and
interest," aud both the and the other must DO ookedto
with care and imprtiality desire 10. inc importing
wish all the laws regulating Imports to be framed with
great care and mere snoua pe mo sps
engaged the importing business OF the country. But
laying duties expedent and calculated TO secure the
good OF the whole country In the first place let
mark upon the extreme Injustice which prevails in some
parts OF the country, OF attacking tariffs because is
said they favor "the rich corporations of New Fog
lsnd Why, we know here that there not the slightest
foundation for all thathat these corporations but
partne ships; that they have monopoly, nothing
exclusive in them; that any body may form corpora
ton; and that 1t il only because such a proceeding is
Calculated to suoseve the safety of capital and the part
nership consisting of various persons being much
carried on in that way rather than by OF linden
ture and that's the whole OF il. Well, gentlemen, with
out arguing this point believe that tariff with mode
rate duties carefully laid and justly calculated 10 expe
dent in the first place, because think that sugments
the aggregate OF national wealth b. stimul ang labor
should be very hsnpy-I believe must take the liberty
to put on nv ha-tsnd Mr. Webster here put il with
the sufficiently marked appreciation of the sssemhlage
should oe al IN other circumstances to go into TINS
at some length. but can only glance at H. 1t is the OPT
tive Of wealth. and they all admit too that capital
the stimulus labor. Well II 10 follow
spotdirecy in the presence OF the labor community
it operates better than it he applied foreign coun-
N.Y. ana reasa only sna rs
distinction in the science of political economy and all
other able admit capital the instrument OF
laborthat tho quantity of labor in any country is in
proportan 70 the stimuli applied to cali out hst labor by
ospai do not th'k that man in any age has
tribptei promote correct ledge in statistics
and political economy than Mr. McCulloch But il the
opinion be no, presump,icu' would venture with great
respect 10 that some of his opinions little too an
stract for application. NAV not say that Can thnk
least be permitted to say that the.spinons to which
aude are not applicable TO such state OF things exist
at present in TIE Unted States Think that society
is peculiar-that there Is such broad distinction be
tween capital on the cue hand and labor he other with
usas there exists in England la short believe there is
no subject which requires essay develope and
set forth in all its prominence and all its importance
much asthe character American labor. There is
thing like il on this globe-there has been. Now,
American labor-our labor in this particular state OF
things, reaches hevonda mere subsistence They who
reason on this subject in Europe consider that all
mutation to capital and that labor extends only
to mere suhsisence But with know that labor OBJ
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES it means. We know that
labor creates capital. and that condition from
the vast extent OF uncntivated lands beyond us-the
western wldernessand that will be condition. and
let me add happy and most fortunate condition for
half century to come ,ntlemen labor the United
states is respectable. IRIS is country Of labor most
emphacally lhor here creates for itself capitol and
hence it rs that lshsr and capital become so mixed
so mingled, blen ed together beyond any
experience in any other part OF the world
Why, gentlemen, IL a European writer will tu-n
his consideration to what is the value of 100 of
NO inst in amid
die oil one the Spanish provinces the west coast OF
America, at what will he estimate it is worth Why
it's worth nothing all; it's valueless till the ter OF
the ground has mixed his labor with it. But the moment
the laborer Of these parcels oland
the first tree he es creates capital and ue aud
stroke OF his sturdy arm bestowed upon it, not only gives
him the means of subsistence laborer from day to
day, but ansments constantly upon his capital; and
where else do fad such state OF things In any
other part of the earth you find such class Of Ia
whether some OF the principles propounded by Mr. Nc
Culloch applicable to us He has laid down in
lie the Foundation OF our prosperty shall read them
TO you The best interests Of society" he,
quire that the rate of wages should be high
possible that taste for the comforts OF human life should
be widsiv diused, and if possible nterwoven with
hnders exerton to these comforts from being
made; and Of all others the most fruitful of that
more than the means which may barely continue
animal existence. The experience Of all and
own prove that high wages are at the most eff
cient means Of creating exerton and of attaching |
the people TO the institutions under which they live"
Now, II Is our good fortune. gentlemen to live
try distinguished all the world for the high OF
wages can point to this very district in which
assembled for abundant proof ofthe truth of the just
hments OF McCulloch. We are here in the centre of
great county agricultural commercial aad manufacture
ing. Here farmers and manufacture in all their
varieties and what's the rate OF wages Why,l am in
formed that the females employed in these factories
after paying their weeks board So nine shillings
sterling per week Is there thing like that in Eng
land or Germany, or Russia And am told that
without gre,t skill employed in these factories
same way, after paying for their board earn SI2 per
month average. Do the manu- featuring establish.
mena Of part of the world show anything like
And united with all this recoect Ii at thu ere is
degree OF personal alton charac
ter degrees OF education which exist where else
and nov, gentlemen why should we wish to chan ge this
state of things by any theories; any notion any new
speculative attempts upon the great interests of the
munity confess feel asonshment when consider
what | know to BE- trae, that there in this
Commonwealth, aud in this very circle around
political opinions directly the reverse Of tbose
which have produced this general and substantial hspp
that feel that should, these great and cardinal
subjects, approach opponens- will not call them
enemies or sdvesares-with candid spirit spirit that
requires discussion that that our interests
are all united. Mr.. Webster continued at some length
to defend the tariff doctrines aud also spoke of mpor.
lance 10 the agricultural interest He then on TO
speak Of the distribution Of the land revenues coatendng
at some length in favor OF the and then
on 10 speak OF the important duty Of e.ctng the restor
ton of the credit of the States His views on
these topics being nei her cuarly interest
speech which will at present attract universal attention
Connected With this subject. (Mr w. remarked, after
sP7ahug NJ the and revenurso the |
present condition OF the public credit country
i've IN state. gentlemen. whose credit has stood unm-
paired We resist even some little looking like
efforts TO impair ii from those whose business II should
nave been to protect frnm injury(cheers But there
are portions OF the country and States whose credit is
gone aud am of those who think that it
honor that thess states SHOULD he induce make
exertion to re leem their credit. They members
the American family. Their citizens citizens Of the
Uaited states. II we go abroad psrtake of hat
beongsto the character aud reputation OF in
the Union II the lands then belong to the states and
Congress has declared they do-ths is The 10 make
such an appropriation will enable those States who
DESTROYS to redeem III cir credit that great end
G-nemen hold in my hand address OF Congress to
the ople IN the darkest period OF history since the
Revolution just after the termination OF the war and
when the States under the debt