New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1843-05-20
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Protection also; and how far both or either of
these objects could be firmly maintained under
anr modification of the Tariff. is question OF
great delicacy and great difficulty. My expert
cnce has not given me clear knowledge OF 1t, bu,
this do know-that by making the Tariff stable
and firm. we shall render it healtl!ial and Judi
cious Ii by any great operation that should
unite the interests and opinions Of ali parts OF the
country, VIC can place the Protection of Amer
lean Industry and American Labor on a
permanent foundation, that Is much more
important consideration than the degree
to which Protection may be extended. AP-
pause. Depend upon it, gentlemen, 1t IS
change and apprehension of change that I'M
nerves every working man S arm IN this section
of country. (Applause.) Changes felt, or
changes feared, are the bane of our industry and
cur enterprise. (Applause,) | live in quarter
of the country full of industry, with some capt.
tai and great activity; and when go among
my neighDors, they ask, for Gods sake lei! us
what to expect. " Lay down your law pro-
scribe your rule; let us see what Will DC the
course OF the Government, and we Will apply our
industry and our capital and our skill to the state
OF things, be it what it Will. Cool us warm lis,
freeze US, scorch us-do what you please, but let
Us know what you intend to do, and stack TO II
Laughter and applause.) Now am of opinion
that if there is any policy capable OF combining
the North and South and East and West, stamp
that with permancnce for twenty years, and 1t
would be better and better every year, and the
country would be more prosperous than 1t has
been for years past.
Now. gentlemen, we have fallen into some er-
rors in the course of our treaty arrangements, not
more in our own country than IN others. butln all
We have dealt too much in generatlcs IN the
terms Of our trcat;es--as when we speak of pa
cing a nation on terms Of the most favored ma
ton In my opinion, whatevertreaty stipulation
we should enter into ii is always best thatlt should
be specific, indsputablc, precise. In making a
treaty with another nation we say that we VIII
place her upon the same footing with the most
favored nations. What does that mean 1t has
no practical meaning TO 1t, because 1t becomes ne
cessary to deal with all sorts of generahty-thcrc
is no common standard We make atreaty with
Russia, for example, and stipulatc that the duty
on ton of iron shall be SO much and no more :;
that the duty on a hundred OF hemp shall be so
much. We'll, we 90 to make treaty with the
Celestial Empire. that deals only in silks and teas
We tell her she shall be placed on the footing of
the most favored nations How shall we give d
Tariff for Russia which shall have any application
to the case of China? All history shows that
these gcneralizIng treaties are productive OF no.
thing but discord and confusion. We have trca-
ties with France, Portugal and Belgium; and the
moment Congress passes an act laying duty we
have complaints from one all Of these States :;
of ntractions o. their treaty; and these complaints
are not always easily answered or even rcconciled.
all such cases the stpulatlons should be specific
[ will add that it does not follow that because
one nation enters into stpuatons with another 1t
becomes the duty of any to associate IN league
against the interests Of other States Mutual
stipulations may certainly be made without dong
injury to other States. For example pat the
case, not as one in which should choose TO make
4 practical experiment, but simply as an lllustra-
ton of the general principle. Let rs advert TO
the state of trade between this country and Bra
I'll to if the interests OF both countries would
not require or Justify some stipulation OF the
mutual advantage of the two. What IS the state
of trade between Brazil and the United States
ought to take shame to myself for assuming to
speak of such a subject here, before gentlemen
most of whom know more of it than | do. But
use it to illustrate the general character of all
such treaties There is no more unequal trade III
the world than that between the United States
and Brazil. 1t is altogether on one side. The
United States take some five Millions q believe
a trne 1nore,l of Brazilian products untared /:
and half million slightly taxed mean her
SUGAR And what do they receive from us I'M
taxed Nothing at all! Their taxes on COM
modtics from the United States are excessively
high. They tax the products of the labor and
land of this country, land and sea 80, 40 and 10
per cent We take five millions lntaxed and hall
"a million slightly taxed.
How did they stand with England under the
late treaty between that country and England
Her stipulation by trcaty-wlich still exists-was
that English commodities should not be taxed
more than Is per cent. English cotton, clothing,
Sc, are taxed only ID per cent, and ours from 80
to 80 per cent. Jet England taxes them LOB
per cent. on some commodities. We take Bra
I'll coffee free and England taxes 1t to |!
cents. per lb. Is that an equal treaty Accord
ing to the English Interpretation, the treaty be-
tween England and Brazil does not terminate till
1874. Brazil insists that it expired IN loi2. OF
course Brazil IS DESTROYS to get rid OF 1t. But she
was forced to yield to the English construction,
so that the treaty was declared to remain IN force
till l64i. Mean time distinguished person was
sent from England to renew the treaty; and
must say that | think the Brazilian Govern
mcnt manifested not little address on that
occasion. Brazil insisted that the treaty expired
in le42-Engand that it lasted TIL lS44--BrazIl
Yields. and then says TO the English Minister sent
to renew the treaty If the treaty last TIL 1914,
as YOU say,and we submit to what you say; we VIII
take TIL ISL to consider what new treaty VIC Will
make You will take it for granted that our gov
eminent is not so inattentive to the interests OF
the country as not to see that IN proper time a
treaty may be concluded between the United
States and Brazil.
We have a great advantage over England
that we have no Colonial interest to protect. his
is an advantage of our situation to which We are
fully entitled. The British Government says,too
il is true the L. States take good deal of Bra