Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1840-1842, 1842-09-08


and forever BY the ccnyenen fh,,adepha In w. ard
the Constitution which was the fruit Of ~"
Mr Chairman, I have read this extrac, from Mr.
Madison as furnishing in better fotm and with more
authority than any thirg could say, the history
and results Of State legislation with reference 10 re-
venue from commerce, and the protection OF our In
terests by such regulations aud tcsrictons oil trade
as the aspect Of foreign legislation might demand.
In relations which the States sustained to each
other, and so far their internal affairs were con
cerned, they might possibly have continued to OK
is, with no stronger bind TO unite them thsn the
articles of confederation. Bot in all that concerned
their intercourse and relation to the other nations OF
the esrth they felt the absolute need OF the strength
and unity OF single government, and that UNIFORM.
ty of terms and equality OF advantages IN such in
tercourse were wholly una,tainable by them as
separate communities. Therefore, the people of the
States, ain order to torn perfect union, esa-
blish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide
Tor the common defence, promote the general vel
fare, and to secure the blessings OF liberty to them
selves and their posterty, did ordain and estaoUsh
this Constitution for the United States o America"
To this new government, thus created, was grant.
ed by the people creating II, all such powers ana
authority as were deemed necessary and proper, 10
"provide for the common defence" and MAINTAIN
the rights and interests of the people as whole
The Federal Government presents the people OF
the United States TO all the world as one united
peope-a single nation-as among ourselves, ours
is a Government Of eoniedecated States, lesgued
ing with no power not necessary TO be transferred
promote this end, and resetving 10 themselves all
which is not transferred either IN EXPRESS grant, or
by direct and necessary implication. The true char
aetcr OF the Government Is announced, wherever
our banner floats in The breeze, on the ocean, or on
the land, by its plain, but significant motto. A
unit, constituted OF many psrts-one government,
deriving its powers and functions from the voluntary
surrender OF powers by other governments-a
mighty nation, made up OF numerous nations, deri-
MIR all it, Of from
them, and in turn, throwing its shield around them
all for their protection and defence
In the fore ground oil the powers with when the
people Of the States have invested this central Gov
eminent thus formed, 10 The control over revenue
and commerce.
The Congress shall have power levy and collect tax
es duties mposts, aud exeises to pay the 1eo,s sh
I, s, o -, 1s.e Win forcisn nations
and among the several s,ates with Indian trbes'
Nor dos. tho Constitution sion with this express
declar,ton of authority in the Federal legislature;
II eoes further and contains an express prohibition
AGAINST the exercise of such aut horty by the States
except with the consent of Congress.
.No s,,,o sh.,I ,hon, tho copscu, Of Conrr.ss Law
any mposis or duties on imports OF exports except what
be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection
Jaw am se nea p,ounoe ~ al Is anu s ~ @ ,b
treasury Of The United states; and all such laws shall be
subject TO the revision and control OF Congress"
The power over commerce and trade, the autho-
ritv 10 Law and collect revenue nre lodged in the
same depository with the power Of war and peace
For lho exercise of these high and momentous atui.
butes of national Sovereignty, and 10 which the
governments of separated States were wholly in.
Competent. was this central system devised and
framed The yery end and aim of it's being was the
concentration in one head of such powers as were
essential TO our existence as an dependent separate
member of that sreat family OF States among whom,
for wise purpo.es Providence has ordained that this
earth shall be parcellcd out
In the exercise of a the legitimate functions ucr-
,n;nins 20 Inc oJmins,ro,io5 oG his General Co.
yernmsn, Eli sustain and UNFOLD II. ON the other
800 - III .,s1''. -. -, :, sch orar ss ;s
ro, o,an,ad h,' H." on.,;,,,;or nd ,vb;,h hoe
for. 10 by ,h. ,srrs or Inc ins,ruu,n, i,ssI
al ~ H. S,a,es
In de,srn,;n;ny hor far Consress is warranted nv
IN. cons,;,'',i"r ~" ~. nowsr Owe, ~
80. - s,n,..a ~ - ,,r,,,o,o IL ;n,.r.s,s q,
go 80, Isl s.,a,e;Io ~, 's 1910 70,
r,or,.r, H. L;,o,, &c - o,rI,, Ies;sI,,;,r an tbs
srL;ac, 81 60, 90 49, "a ,h. ;n;.rnso,,,ors az tbs
u.s. or H. rsavLI;r
I, ill l.. cons.dSJ ,bo, ,xb,,.ve, ,u,bori,v the
States osses.ed anterior n, The adonIon of the Con
.,;ln;n m efsct tb.ss .nds yv,s bv the Cons,,uon
tr,nsferrsJt m ConSress Tbe S,aiss M Ionger bav.
anu r;ebt NJ I.-;sI,,on IN ,bss. snLi,cts erccnt
viih The consent If Consress as ia drcsred bv The
s.c,;on ,bich I hovs ;,s. go l. foIIous ,b.n az
a nrcrssarv cnns.ousnce Ina, n Cooeress has no,
the nower !, does No, evis, AZ all The Constitu.
80, 80 ~ - 49, S",..S - -. - .,,,ho,;,s,
1on nus uuetly uesuoyeu any suSn authO'iy' ,
Was II so thought, wher the Constitution, fresh
from the aceen,anes Of the peope received its frs
;n,-o. c., IT, lido, "a nur;,y ~ those ,rbr
had mainly constructed II, and who were now calico
upon 10 administer It's powersl
T a, f,ct. .nsve,t ba srsees,;on
@ - 80 L. - 20 ss ,s 100 L. G., r,,,o,,
Cn tne gu uay VI p'n, re- 'nS MS Oo"stSS@
OF the United States, held under the Constitution
oe.o % ~ - -. rnaroIa,a IL ,L;. Lo1,, =. =,
I 49, % " me- 80 " Ii 80 -
iocno large proportlon OF nose VINO mao oeeh mem
non, airS Convention which framed the ConstIu
ventions, which hao raunuu. --a-nf the State Con
ington, who had presided over the deliberati0hs o
The Corv.ntion ,s,s noyy P,csid.nt Of tha Unite,
INC O0"'s'''Oh' WAS """ A''s'us"' VI WIG O"''e'
states.
ne intense interest OF tnet htst houI OF hauohI
oi'th may oe imagined. sna.i hot ut,eIhpt 20 oe'
scribe lie nave 10 zeal win iie's anu win h's'o
..li,.7 r.,.,
VINO oIeahs 'he s',ehse oi th"' nsst'hoyI ya'"e'
Maalson, me ernoou,ed' InI sphll anu genus o.
the ConsI''uuon IssIi ms ptoposl.on, sne mrs
ever ihaue 70 an hiie'eah
vas LOT tne cotee.Ioh u I,nPo,' ou'es' NC pIVPo
suoh gave nse 70 ihuGh usoh'e, III tne eouIse Q,
~hIeh iI Niuuison, sno o'neL eNptesseo
- " VIC Poi.y " % -
oues, as 70 e"sS' anu S" W
III ~ ~ 80 ID on,
.;'e.e va w. 49,, 80 -, H. oo,s,;;y 49,
VI 80 oS NJ M,5;.on,, .ros.h "a
| Inn, erpr,ssrd his opinious:
"Reguiaions have been provided in some Of the States
and have succeeded 10 producing some establishments
& pug no1 ~ "g ~ & 5 1,,s ~
Nien nls S S p1oe ~ s o ~ E 81 ~ m
possible the hand Of man shin from one employment
to another, without being ny uttn y ue eange. Ihere
may De sotle WIFI Dens ocs oai
ADVANCE towards perfection Nltlou any s1Vennhous sii
while others or want OF ths fostering nehn o
VII be unaoie 70 90 on q ~ 1csslA.Ne 1,enu9h WI
therefore DC necessary 10 eOeetthe Tor tins
staies iat are most auvaIce1 ln popnatoni and
rests amended TO in some degree While these ,sss