Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1840-1842, 1842-04-25

BftftgH fnrlN cent. urfCtfN cstfsHfh ar fett
Nev York prices.
Tobacco, manufactured, al $ cts TT 10. -
Do do. m,ado rs5 az '$ g . pei = 'D 'a'
BET a,ss % Per barrel I ,Is - l 81 e~';
Hams, ais9rcr e~t : 10 1iS' DO
Candles, iallow, at ST. 20 do luo ~ e. ~
Do Sperm al 81 e''p' To- J lSI 90 - i u. do
Now, the freedom Of trade which the Senator
from South Carolina and his associates propose, is
trade with duty OF 20 per cent on one side and
1900 per cent on the o'her7 That is the freedom
OF t'ade on which the Senators dwell with such
enthusiastic delight that he likens Vt TO the divine
right of kings; II came. he tells from heaven 1t.
self-a divine ordinancei We'll; let us look lit
tie into the practical effect OF this divine doctrine Of
free trade, where MS the Senator assures us II has
of late years been making a triumphant prosteSs
What is the reduction OF duty which the people OF
England have been able to achieve on the primary
article ri humln subsistence, the very bread OF their
Nlel Forty per cent! Forty per cent. is e1acied
10y sliding scale until the population shall have
been reduced by famine to state Of actual Starva-
ton; and then, when tie want and desperation OF
the people may no longer be safely resisted, then,
and then only, the breadstuis Of this country arc
be admitted. And this is the divine free trade So
eIoquenty commendedto the adoption Of an Ameri-
can Congress
And now let US look at the practical operation OF
the protective system modified 10y the comprO-
mise. And, first, TO the progress Of our home
manufactures The duties have been hitherto rea-
sonaby protective most of our fabrics till 3lst
December last; and II you will now continue that
protection TO the article needing II, and admit the
rest duty free, there will he no complaint.
What do the Senators from Pennsylvania and
from Maryland ask That the duties on IRON may
be the same in December, 1889. Under the prac-
teal operation of protective duties our manuiac-
lures have all the time been expanding, because they
enjoyed moderate protection. What did tell
you on this very point in Is22.'242 And what did
the Senators on the other side predict | feel pride
and pleasure IN being able To that there has
been a solitary prediction made the other side
that has not been contradcted by fact and expert
ence; single prediction on side which has
not been completely fulfilled. What were these
doleiul warnnss2 That the revenue would be
ruined-that must resort TO direct taxation. I'm
portations would cease, and we should be driven 10
the necessity Of domestic taxes. What further did
they tell usl That prices would rise, and that the
duties must be paid ty the consumers in one quar-
Ter OF the Union for the benefit Of manufacturers IN
another quarter.
And how did the fact turn QUIZ The revenue
proved fully adequate, but there no excess; q
mean from the duties customs; for all the excess
which did accrue exclusively from the enor
nous sales OF the public lands) IL is true the actu-
al amount Of imports was lessened, but the aug
mentauon OF the duty more than compensated for
the dIminuton, and received more revenue than
when the duties were lower. In these points, then,
our predictions were fully verified. And how
- VIII lt-dIu W PtlVteG l'lu inc American con-
sumer pay for the objects of his consumption
Without entering into the details, flor which there
Is not now ume,) | assert in general that IN every
single instance in which sufhcien, protection at
forded, the price, instead oi being augmented was
actually reduced. do not recollect 4 single eIcep
ton. The European monopoly of supply was bro.
ken down, and their brics had TO encounter in our
markets the competition arising from the skill and
industry OF American manufacturers.
Well: but has been asked, If any increase Of
nTOducFs n lIn1IuutlOu n MRS wi In fho
manufacturers ask for an increase Of duties will
answer the question. The augmented duly is
thrown on the fereisn producer. BY Increasing the
du'y you compel him TO submit 10 Il reduction OF
price equal or nearly equal TO the duty; but such
reduction they cannot submit but from necessity. A
diminished importation ensues, and vacuum being
thus created IN the market 1t IS filed by the rival
fabrics OF the American manufacturer, who in his
turn finds his compensatiOns for the reduced price
m his quiet possession Of greater portion OF the
Amercon market, and IN the steadness Of that
market
There is the whole theory OF the matter There
. no mystery no inconsistency: the case is perfectly
clear: and facts prove II 10 he lust as told YOU
m 1894 that ~ would he.
know no wiser course for n statesman than to
recur to history, and thence to draw his lessons as
10 future policy. ! wish | had time To trace the
course OF this matter from the days ofthe Revolution
10 The present hour: could show that, 10 every pc
rod OF our history when commerce md mnnufac-
lures have been neglected, or left to the unfnendIy
operation Of foreign legislation and foreign regua-
tons, national distress and embarrns sment have
uniformly iOllowed-there has ever been drain Of
specie and heavy foreign debt. But nm warn
ed by the lapse Of time that this will not now be
practicable. Letme call the attention OF the Senate
only 20 few facts which marked period remark.
ably like the present: refer TO that between 1916
and 1919. The country then flooded with
foreign imports; duties were low; and precisely
similar general embarrassment was experienced 10
that which now feel. Let me call your recol-
lection to some Of the facts, as they are well set
forth IN memorial presented recently to Congress
from Cincinnati:
Your Memora,sis hudn statistical representations made
y We cues Of Philadelphia aud Pittsburgh in 1919 the
That from 1910 to 1912 the Of t,,s .,,l,v
6d 20 the manufacturing and anica al branches ~ ~
sness 40 faelpnia dmiuished from g612o va or lcs-
ihan onclomfih That the number of persons directy
and indirectly thrown out Of employment IN dis,Tic o.
. That In Pittsburgh, IN the same peToi The utr,be
Of hands employed were reduced from q6ntn672 rn m
manufactured produetwas reduced IN the same proror
That ihsreduction extended not merely 10 ihe srr
manufacturing establishments, but 10 The smallest n,
chanical eInpoymcnts-fhe important domestic cuisines
of The shoemaker ADD tailor being reduced almost o.
Atthe same time that me manufacturing establishment
were Illus laid IN ruins memorial Congress state
I'VE look ~ vain throughout the world Tor q market
Agncukurel produce las no value but At home and M
drain Of gold and silver has shaken The wcaesf BANK
tntho Union" IN many places ofhc interior arrcufura
produce was cnhfely unsaeablo The rate n duties u0
der which This widespread disaster produced wa
per cent on ron and glass and ~ per dne cotton
aud woolen higher average Than that Cvz ~ per cent
10 WHICH, by existing laws, the entire tariff II duties mus
IN fcwmonfhs. be reduced
BY mo iard Of 1874 aud 727 tho duties we're raised
90 average NJ double That amount. Tnc ronsruurnce
ore within The observation of the whole peutle Manu-
factuHnE industry became stable, brnnche were DO
veiopod The balance Of fradc became more ftvorabe
and the country for series of years continued In stf
Of uninterrupted rrosTerify
Noporuon ~ the industry properly of me nation wa
more bcnehted ~ TIE CHANGE than Thai of nFrfeure
Tho market value n corn. pork % iur and everv
ot Western produce, was, 30 The Miami county, perms
ncntly increased nearly three fold The fnan1frfnrir
establishments IN the North, aa weaa many iu ,r w.
became increased consumers NJ surplus products. vs.
give bur Two examples. as sufficiently illustrating thc 10
neral effect Nov England imports from other States es
peciay the West, scarcely II any, less than np
ffe hundred thousand barrels Of Hour probably MOI,
This iac your honorable body may ascertain. bycscuL
Ting. ~ ue established proportions, The consumption
gany Tie very stnal amount ~ grain ralsei In the
sac. Two ports alone imported in 1871 the f,nowin
uuanhuff.
P9.,99. N lsll bzi2l9 barrel,
IIo'lncnce,in iHiA, 5-JJ "
Tsesc ports In 1881 total. cgoocl
And now ask, what is the syster, NJ ,vbicb R,t
ish policy is shining az this moment Uc, ro,,o,o,e,
is gradually beng excluded from the no,,s 81 a.,
Continent; The loss Of that with the Rad, ~, -.
ened upon the expiration OF the sr,t,n, 49,. ,
tween The two countrict, and of a tbs 1b ~ w
Of her former trade, that with the g-,,'' ~. y,
this country Is the most profitable TO her ~,
what does Dc Alison's invaluable wo.k on 49,
ton, recently published develop as 10 her rlss.,.
line Of policyl ] recommend gentlemen TO evan
inc that book for themselves; IL will give then
many weighiy facts Alison Is strongly in avo