New-York daily tribune. [volume] (New-York [N.Y.]) 1842-1866, 1842-06-27
Effective. Relative. Positive md Negative
Economics. From Fog-ier !

To understand aud appreciate more clearly he
profits Of Association, viii divide them into
Efccfire and R,la.ire: Posture and Nsga'irc.
It will b. necessary to bear these distinction. in
mind. a, We -h,ll often refer 10 them.
We will fret e>asiine the branch sf ncgq'irs
profits. which Consists in producing by dong
nothing, more than people now do, who often,
with rrca, labor, produce less than nonmg We
will choose walls and fence, a. an example. II
,hieying did not exist if loch. we're guarded BY
few dog, a. they would be in Association, so
,hat a small hedge or furrow would answer all
purposes. fences and walls could be done away
with, ard the expense OF their construction and
repairs saved Thus, an expensive wall or fence
j. equralcnt 70 notLiHg "a TO present product
and less than nothing as 20 future product for it
will cost repairs 4 large portion Of the greatest
works of civilized Societies-such as Foriifcaiion'
ard Navies-produce e.fler nothing, or les than
nothing, considered apart from their destructive
action. Association Will give such prepon-
dcrance t. tse interests Of production that peace
will be maintsincd nations will not then require
Notifications. arscnals and idle, unProdgctiye
mics. Such peace would produce ncgatre
profit by saving the damages OF war, and those
constructions which II now renders necessary.
Negative profit or the saving OF labor which
IS in itself unproductiNc u easy to distinguish from
positive profit. which arise. from a more extended
cultivation in any branch OF agriculture. Negative
profit, being the least understood IN the present
order We will make use OF an example or tive, 10
illustrate it.
I.t Rircr Fisi: this source Of product is the
more precious a- it requires no care, and n' It's
rapid duplication i, not preiudica to the crops.
like tina; Of game. How great would be the nbun-
dance of fish, if there were general understand
ING to suspend fishing certain periods. and leave
a sufficient quantity in each stream for repro
duction Such concert of action is enc OF the ~
suits of Association. Pers,ns expert in the mat
ter say, that upon an average OF years, twenty
times as many fish would be taken in all small
streams, if people would agree TO fish only at
proper seasons, so as not To exhaust the stock,
and take but quarter Of the pains in destroying
offers and n,uskrats which they do in dcspoil-
ing the streams. Such would be the policy of As
sociation, which, to the product of rivers, would
add ,h,, of reservoir. with currents for preserving
distinct species.
81. Gome.-aa ornament to the fields, source
of Richie. for Man, and IA means of destroying per-
ncious insects If i, be necessary to prevent the
excessive tiplcatios Of some kinds, care should
s,o DC taken to prevent their entire destruction
In spccuatng upon an order of things in winch
agricultural lsbor will be rendered more attractive
than bupti.g the latter can be reduced to its Just
proportion, and, as u consequence we shall obtain
the following results
Nerotire profit. or ,en-fsd increase of game
without any care
Positire profit, or destruction OF insects which,
however. is not important 10 be mentioned a'
Association would soon sufficiently reduce their
numbers.
All these calculations are made with reference
70 the employment of the Groups and Series winch
would regulate all industrial functions or branches
of labor-.scll as hunting, fishing and others, and
40 limit their developments as to coincide with
general utility.
Those who have devoted their attention to the
Economics of Association without knowledge oil
the mechanism Of tbs Groups and Series couid
no, have calculated upon an equilibrium oi functions
and wants; but. If all these advantages were mol
forc.con. the principlc.-that il, combination oil
collar. and granarios. might have been felt and
under stood.
Tn, presen, order of Society does not even tend
10 economy unproductyc functions are increasing
daily and the mass oi parasitic and useless agehi'
NAV be estimated AZ two-thirds of the population
all abor being ela.irelyunproduciive winch ceu'd
h.. economical in Association. We shall later give
a list of these unproductive classes. We viii CON
CLUBS these observations by recapitu.un. hrlehS
tho ,ariou. kind, of Riches, -P0Sltsce, NegGtire
and Pela,iVc, which compose tins Egectfre huches
of Association.
Ia, positire Riches consist in the product OBJ
tanned BY active Industry, We have IN the present
order very considerable quantity OF positive hic"e
from which We mi htdraw double oftrebie ptoh'-
such a. forests which require 10 be cleai'u I'll 'o
.tper,bundancc OF trees that choke thch gro" w.
In certain other branches we have 10" niucn l'o.F
tive wealth Compared with the quantity VI s'''"
and wine produced. we have great man! more
barn. and casks than are necessary We oeu'u 'e
ducc the number two-,hirds 1t vast crahArie' ana
large tuns and waits only were used. mus tVec'''
Richie. often consist in dimlnuIion o! Inc POSITIVE
product.
I'd. NeGatIre inches consist III u""C
sources. which might often yield tcn-iold ProuuV
wi,h.ut labor "a in the example OF river h'h'
i. negafire product in streams and ia.e'' anu PV''
TIRE produc, in artificial reservoirs ana oa,.n'
ha ,,os, considerable branches of negative prom
will bc that of work. rendered unnece''ary-'u
a walls. Notifications, arsenaI' ana haNies
Sd. Relahve Riches consist IN JuiiTiou, az
plication of means without any ohahsc' ~ g..
,icle which costs dollar could oe Pu,o nS''"
-. ,b.re would be a ;sn-iold relative gsin
tn. u.e and purpose. of granary ma! not o,
/ II h,, !, IN j.. construction. rats, wce'e'
damppe.s and the danger Of fire and tros'' can DC
~,,artaJ ora;,.t how considerable an sugmeH'a'
| :. -. L.. ,,.,rld en.Ile