The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1842-10-14

6O) speaks of something resembling an aqueduct
which brought water. frsm hill 800 Greek feet
high, to supply the city OF Samos with water II
also appears that there was tunnel through this
hill 1900 feet long (seven stadla) eight feet high
and eight feet wide and In this tunnel there was
cut second channel 30 tcet deep and 8 ieet WIDE,
through which the water was conveyed in pipes TO
the cily the Greek word III the original (soton) may
mean only channel OF stones, or II may mean me-
tailic or wooden pipes.
With this simple statement, then, OF all that is
known or conJectured relation TO The origin OF
aquedac 3, we will mere mention the principal an
Gent and modern aqueducts by name, &c.
ANCIENT AeuEpUcr.
Aauedncis Of Palmyra Aiueduct in Petra, IN Persia,
Asa s 1.,a AZ zsss A A:sss $50 c.
Aqua Tspula 6ls " Aqua Novus
Aqua Aqua s M.s.' 81 Aqua Aqua s. taaina.
Aqueduct OF Jusnian Aqueduct of Patras Greece
ASssaase 81 dn a. Aasdaci Nsaes
Aaaeduct OF spoetto, Iuly. Aqueduct OF Gargallon
MODERN AauEDucrs ,,..
Aqasdsei Of Genoa. Aqasdact of Edinburgh, Scot
ASaeduct Of Casea Naples Aqusduc of New River Lon.
Aaasaae. Of .@ses Lisbon. dSn, Of Cro,o0
Such are list of the principal acqueducls in the
known world; and though last, not least on the list,
stands the Crolon Aqueducl, the first OF The KIND
ever constructed in the new world that We know III,
but which will most assuredly not be the last.
The AQUA APpIA.-Ihe most ancient OF ali the
Romaa auueducts that OF the Aqua Appla, erected
by Appius Claudlus Crassus then CENSOR during the
first cOnsuship OF the second Decius IL was built
A. u c. Az or 32 years before the Dirth OF Cnrlst.
c. Pautius who had taken immense pains TO trace
the sources for the supply OF the water IN this aque-
duct, associated with Ciaudus IN ITS consiruc-
ton The plate which we give above Is very adj
m;rable representation of the Appiun Aqueduct. II
had less OF arch work In Its construction than any
other of the aqueducts that were afterwards erected
because it carried along the sides OF hills and
fat marshy ground, and was built very sold tor
durability Il was brought distance of IL, 100 Ro-
man PAGES Cover ii mlles) and was carried along
the ground, solid masonry OF by tunnel work, Tor
1000 PAGES; and tor l9O PAGES i was erected on
arches Some small springs, discovered SUISSE
quently, were conducted into Its channel, In after
times, by different emperors. Its level was high
enough to supply the more elevated parts OF the city,
although great part OF It's eievation was iosl ny
giving too great a decivity to the channel
The Croton river, which supplies this great mo-
dern work, rises In Putnam County, In TINS state,
and has three principal BRANCHES or sources H"nd sne
acres) near Coles Mill, not from Carmel, and the
east branch in Stone pond Got $50 acIes) near 30
dom Corner. The source OF the middle branch mas
NOT been so correctly asccrained. Plumb Brook,
Muscott River, and Titian's River, all empty into
the Croton River at and near Mechanicsvile, not
far below which, and about eight miles by the
turnpike road, above Sing Sing, large dam erect
ed, by which the rveris damned back tor the space
of five miles. From the dam the aqueduct COM
mences, and forms a covered brick tunnel with
email intervals of rock roofing and iron plpes) or
brick aqueduct for AZ miles, in as straight line as
the nature of the ground will allow. And we believe
that there never was, even in the palmest days of
Roman splendor larger aqueduct constructed; or
one carried a greater distance, considering the
sraItness OF the course. II is true That modern
writer's pretending TO quote from ancient authors,
speak of Roman aqueducts 100 miles IN extent; but
we have authentic account OF any aqueduct OF
that great length, nor have any RUNS OF the same
ever been discovered. The highest and most g.
gantlc aqueducts have been of but few miles in
length, and the largest line OF aqueduct mentioned
by Frontinus, is that where he says that Quintlus
Marcus brought water in noble aqueduct to Rome,
from spring 81 miles distance b, the aqueduct hut
not that distance in straight line from the city
This aqueduc is still TO be In ruins through the
Campagna around Rome, and there is every reason
10 believe that the spring was In the hills that sur
round the ancient Lago Vulcano, distance OF near
ly 30 miles.
Our modern American aqueduct, therefore, we
are bound to consider the longest In the world, and
in that particular, taking precedence OF all others
1t is high in any place as the aqueduct OF Ca,
serta or fSpoleto, Mantenon, or some others oil
ancient date; but if the measurement be correct oil
that masnheent aqueducs OF SsSova IN Gid Ias
river Gan exact picture of which we give above) ex-
coed that noble work inheigh for the arches OF the
Harlem bridge to be ia feet above the surface
OF the water while the extreme height OF the double
row OF arches Gone over the oher at Segovia. Is but
l02 feet the extreme height Of the work al Hare m
aqueduct bridge being over l60 feet In the above
representation there are Is arches; eight OF these
will be eighty feet span, and seven OF hiy feet span
The extreme length of this bridge is TO be about
800 feet; and the extreme width over all the top
25 feet. The piers of the arches are Ia feet wide al
the spring line of the arch, battering downwards
quarter Of an inch to FOOT the smaller arches tC
be but seven feet at the spring line. The OF the
arches in the above picture at first sight, appear tS
parake OF the Paraboa form, but this is caused BY
tho ffp tho hid,
tive possible. The arches are TO be perfect,
seml-circular, like those OF the great Roman aque
duct at the Bridge of Gard, in the south of France
One word here, as to the manner in which th
water is carried across the above bridge Two lare
iron pipes of three feet diameter receive the wa
ter from an appropriate chamber into which tn
aaueduct proper disgorgss itself at the gate house
lust seen through the trees the bridge at the LEI
of the above picture. These pipes laid in firm
bed over the arches, and then securely covered witt
dirt on the top of which foot-path will be fome,
for persons to walk over, although no vehicle o
horses will be allowed to pass across the bridge
These three feet pipes, ii Is believed will be suff
clent to supply the wants OF the city Tor the mex
fifty years; after which they are to be replaced b.
foar feet pipes. In order that correct idea may b
formed of the size of the above bridge, figure OF
man fishing is introduced, sitting on the rock o.
the left of the picture. Such, then, Is the mobiles
work of modern times in the old or new world-th
Croton Aqueduct Bridge over Harlem River.
Course OF THE AoUEDUCr-At the Croton Dam
six miles above the mouth Of the Croton River, tn
water of the river has been elevated 40 feet whlc
il the level of the commencement of the aqueduc
that il I66 feet above the mean tide. The course {
the aoueduct is thus - Il passes along the valley
the Croton TO near its mouth, and thence into tn
valley of the Hudson Eight miles from the Gro
ton dam 1t reaches the village OF sing sing, an
continues south through the villages OF Tsrrytowr