davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-04-01

THE Rsy. ALBERT sMEDEs, of the city OF New Va.
j signs to- open n SCHOOL FOR Y0UEG LADIES :,
city Of Raleigh, n. c. on The l2th day Of May next "
This Institution il furnish thorou .h and elegant F5
the best that can he obtained IN the of
in any Northern School.
The School Buildings, situated in beautiful and cl.v,,d
grove, furnish the most spacious accommodations, The D
ties are separated into hcoves, for young ladies each
construction 10 secure privacy, ana nj Tie same
Every article of furniture is provided by the School
ding beds will be furnishedI and toneL.
TERMs-For Board, ;includng washing and every ined.
EXPENSE with Tuition In English, llin &c S0O per sess
payable in advance
Painting and Ornamental Needle Work, usual pc.s ~
Masters There rl be no other ertra charge.
Pupils will he admitted at any age desired.
No Pupil except by wRirIEs request OF the Parent or Qua
an 10 the Rector Of the School, will be aioyed 10 have an
rnun M any Store or shop t. City, disregard ~ IN; -
billion will be followed by an Immediate dlsnson ,,OIu
School.
Day Scholars will be received from such Paer or .,rs
as reside in the place.
The wear win be divided Of five months o.,
The former commencing after the ls term, ISL; Of
and terminating the 18th UCober-te latter coi1,enc,
the 10th of November, aud terminating the 10th Of Ami
Applications for admission 10 the School may made 10
RI Rev L. s Ives, ID. D., the Rev. II. = Mason b. AZ
lerl and to the Rev. Nc Smedrs, at New YORK. ua, i,
aud after that period Ia Mr.. Sincdes, At Raleigh.
REFERENCES.
yiEGIaIA.
RiehmondThe Rev. y. Empie, u. d., and the Rev WIN
Norwood.
pe,e,burg-The Rev n H. Cnbbs and Messrs. White 4 NJ,
NortoK-The Rev. d. N. Mller and George Rowland, El
SokTH o.soLisA.
The III. Rev. L. S. Ives, ID. D., and the Clergy Of the bio
generally.
Rairigh-rhe Hon. Duncan Cameron, the Hon. lanes Ire
The lion Richard Hines the Hon. George j.. Badger pe'I
tonulus VI. Saunders, the Hon. john H. Bryan William H.
wuud George w Morlrcai and Charles Manly E.qnie.
Watson and Beck,h, Charles l.. Hinton, ". K. Coles and
mnnd u. Freeman, Esqures.
March 81
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-04-01

IN CHANCERY.-NihciSIA:-At Court held iot BntAns
county Court house. the lit day OF March, ci2
Abraham Cooke, VIM Il. Cooke, and VIM. Garnet, and
his wifi, formerly Mary Cooke, Pll!Eh;
against
Armstead Garnet and Johanna II. his wife, John A. L.
ter William l.. Lancaster Hester Ann Lancaster, children
heirs of Sarah b. Lancaster Stephen Cooke, abraham e.
John Cooke Geo,g e Cooke and Marinda -, formerly Ma
Cooke, and - her husband, children and her. o(
Cooke deceased Emene Penick, formerly Watson and :
Watson children and heirs Of Elizabeth w aisOn formerly c.
and Anderson formerly Susan Cooke, Deiendar
The defendants. Stephen Cooke Abram Cooke, John c"
George Cooke, Miranda -, formerly Miranda Cooke
--- her husband children and heirs Of join Cooke
ceased Enleline Pcnck formerly - Watson, and susan
SON children aud heirs of Elizabeth Watson formerly {.
and Anderson formerly Cooke no, having entered
appearance and given security according to the act Of Asu
and the rules OF this Court and appearing by sssacto
dence that they not inhabitants Of this country II ooe
That the said absent defendants do appear here on the hn
OF June Court and The bill of the plaintiff. ana
copy Of this order be forthwith inserted in neTsi
published In the city of Richmond for Two months suecessN
and posted at the front door Of the Court house Of this coun
Copy-Teste, .,,
ROLFE ELDRIDGE
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-04-01

tt,KOY FEMALE SEMlNaRY.--In this Institution The :,
year consists u II weeks divided into term, Of ~ ~
EACH the one comenc.n. the first Wednesday OF March N
close of which OF erks; the cotn-n
the third Wednesday Of September, At The close OF which is
cation OF two weeks
The charge for tuition and board, with all the nrcrares
Hec'ed srewiib il $500 per annIm. An additional ct,,
made for Music and the other ornamental branches n female
ratiul-or, where fixed Is preferred 500 er anguni
half pavah'e the Of each term Dr. r,
and fuf /, the pupil will be ened TO all the advantages Of N,
stgtiOn.
Pnpls may enter any period Of the term aud a,e rcq.
pay only from tie time ef entrance.
This institution furnishes all possible facilities for horr
nf useful and ornamental! education The principal,
assisted bv eighteen professors aud teachers.
Extensive courses annually delivered hy prt
on Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Geology Bo;any
nonlv conchology and E.ocution.
The institution furnished WIN library, valuable appan
for Illustrations and experiments IN the Natural Sciences
selected cabinet of minerals and eis, MAPS clar globe.
tcls.
The French drnarment IL under the charge Of Professor
Edwards. A. 81 who possesses tie advantage 0f IN.
Through know ledge Of both the French and English anrr.
heinz Of an English family, and born in Paris aud rilca
the olyechnic School The rapid progress OF his pupils
the best evidence OF his superior abilities teacher
The pupils are received Gto The family Of The prinCla
which every arrangement is made for their edna
and the Improvement Of their manners aud mara They
private rooms in EACH the rooms Of The fourteen Zen
teachers. and That OF IN experienced nurse beng among o
The young ladies'.
The advantages Of this institution The result Of the acci.
lated facilities Of the twenty nine years OF H. onward progress,
Circulars containing particular information may be obs
ed Nv application the Principals, John H. Willard and Sag
Had rrny n "
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-04-01
TIE STOLEN PEARL.

;cJ- The following beautiful lines are from the LNerpo
$h-ou
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-04-01
TRUSTEES.
BENJAMIN MARSHALL, Presid

BENJAMIN MARSHALL, President.
JoHx n. WuL.Rp Secretary
MAYOR and Recorder Of Troy EI Otiieio.
Benjamin Marshall, John D. Willard,
Stephen Warren, Robert D. sl'!ln'sn,
Richard r. Hart James Wallace,
Jas Van Scloonhover lie Roy Mowp,
John Paine Griffith 7. Griffith
George b. Warren, John +. Cgslman
Thomas Gloves.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-04-01
Eel, 10

~ CHANCERY-SiEGiSia:--it Circuit Superior Court o.
Law and Cancery county Of Eehrico and city Of Rich
mon Chanccy side held ri the Capitol ~ tie SAID CITY
on Saturday, June 70, 1911: -
PaTke StIcft, flihiii'
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27

and II ltF rfTy iLieltai fhFogg q bli'l-
neaa. q mob lrHF ail0lrsifa ruir sgBrflHf
fera RLole Dig! Havoc Was made ~ pro-
perry before our eyes, good citizens rude
u seized and Threatened. and yet The giVil
suihoriiy was not strong enough 20 Arrest
is proglessl That authority was silent,
and saoui-hsarled sble-bodied men looked
On = II hey Eere pslsied.
There are citizens who excuse this
mob .L0Ok, say lhey. Il the rascsIiiy
Of these money shaSers: see how They
hare swindled the community: they merit
Ibis punishment" Be il 50. No one
can think less Of This class lhan We do,
and none have labored harder Than we 10
put them down. But, bad Is they are.
and mischieTous, nay. ruinous rs their
action has been 10 hundreds and hundrcds
OF honest men, even This does not and can-
not justify lhis outbreak. II Is another
foul Jlof spOa ihe ciiy's character that q
Ees fciercied.
Where, besides, is dis 10 end! What
is to check this mob tendency among rs!
The yengeful spirit which seeks 70 crafty
itself BY violating the Law for . jusiifcbie
cause. a. this is termed, iO-dgy. may do
80 for an unjusiifabie cause Tomorrow.
Ii il The FIRST step which costs. IL we
tolerate thai others viii be taken, and The
Quilted appearance Of the illegal shavers
shops now, will simply serve TO shadow
forth what is TO be the condition hereafter
Of our legalized institutions and private
dwellings. We must crush this spirit
root il out IS we would The rankest villany,
if We would rescue life or property from
lis grasp. .
But il is clear, either from want OF
power or efficiency, or perhaps both, that
the civil authority is not strong enough 10
quell popular tumult. We cannot rely
upon il in that crisis. Ii has quailcd al
ways before this rude mob spirit, rs il It
were Instituted 10 be ruled BY, and not %
rule ii. Now, be the cause Of this evil
what il may, whether the power Of the
civil authority is too limited. or il lacks
the courage to exert il, il ought TO be
remedied. lf the law does not arm il
with strength enough TO maintain order.
let that strength be given. IL those in
authority, having the power, dare not ex-
ereise il, and stink away because they
would avoid responsibility or fear 10 brave
the mob, LEI them he dismissed from Of
nee, and truer men be selected.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27
FROM SYRIA.

A dreadful srrne nf whence and blood
shed has t.ken place ., Bsyroui. in Syria.
A rontset srose on the 18Th Of Oclaber.
beiween the Du.ss aud Christians xho
had assembled 90 order that the men
should deliberate on the affair of I" The
meuniain." On Q SUDDEN the Diuses
fell upon the unsuspeellng crowd. and
put old men. women and children io The
sword With the u,mas, ierocsiy. The
account says: /" The Struggle now bsgan
IN serious sarnesiness. The Druses
formed an all sides. The patriarch call.
ed the Christians To arm; his commands
were otey ed with slscIity, and the EDirs
Khsngiar. H.gder End SAmra ar'he head
Of large bodi-s of The mnuEtaIne.rs. has.
tened 10 The frsy. The DrusCs were not
behind. and unGrr The command al chris
81 knosn bravery aud tact. met 90 battle
order The people whom they had 50 scan.
dalausly assaulted. The consequences
were such % would seem incredible; .
bundled villages having been sacked. the
loss OF human life has been dreadful on
both cid, 9. hundreds Of children ~ho es-
capped the ruthless fury Of The sword are
nuw IN bondage, aud lhe hatred existing
is of such nature as 10 lead Ia the idea
that n would continue for . length Of
time. The inwn &c Beyrout hiss given
shelter ~ hundreds Of miserable isni
lies burnt out Of their ,illrges Al IN in-
credible shurl distance from ih.t place,
To such point of lnsoleut audsciy have
the Druses proceeded" The country in
habIted By the eon,endiag parties Is cali
ed the mountains Of L'banus and AutIl'-
banus. whirh compose Lebanon of the
Scriptures. ard runs in two parallel ridges
Of mouut,Ins betseeu syria aud Palrs-
tine. The top. of the mountains are Gov
cred with snow, bu, below are very fruit
fol values. grouped by Christians and
Drusrs and Turks. The language Of The
Dru.es is Arabic. they appear 10 have
bu. limle religion. Of snv kIhd. but p'ay
bn,h in .hrir own temples aud the lUr
L sh mosques. They are wsr''ke, inur
ed To l-bUr, and great enemies Of the
Turks. BY whom tribute is exacied from
them. The best feature in their char~c.
is a peculiar Law ol hospitality, which
foIbids them ever 10 belrsy a guest.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27

.hsl n - albrsw iss IL Etlatiuh 10 he
laussi classes. We havr FFEsnR - he.
l,sse ms shsrs ! 80 isalr dsuakrEasss
.mang llism. Tie naRber 81 grre-shaps.
Il ~lne-slops. md Of gIaesSy ssafss 10
capsnhsern. ahrss lninEicssing l,qsa.s
sae sold. % ,sEy great. I, y also e,esi IN
El,inenr. kirl. and oshsr eunssdeFstle
Iawns Ihrnaghssl ne kIagdom. Ashsae
moi bern able 10 eh;sln The st.Il,ilcs Of his
mamrnloas ssbler: hnl @e haze reassn .
htlirsr hat hen ne isuIh eamrs % Be-
knawa. Il vii Be fosne lhsi ihis dseadisl
siee hss isr Kre.srr rrsssseDce N thss
kiugdsn than was Easmsriy Supposed
u gIsrs es plssssse. Aaueyrf. "a be sels
10 sisae thsl some philsHshseIie gsn le-
msR IN rhe esIiiai hare INTERESTED them
sels-s IL the sBbieri ol TsmPershe= Sa-
riches. and are NOW acenpisd IN msking
knnwn 20 thrir rrenuynen lhe 0hjrsis
and the nature of these sacislies. and 90
endessnring IN promote their farassiinn
throughout the kingdom. In tins good
work no man Ia. taken tn0rr lively
interest 'hah Nr. Brseslrnp. the Director
af The Police. Of whom ne have already
made mention. Through his sdars.
mainly. u is that history of Ihe Ten.
peraEcr Sarielies IL our awn rounlry. ard
Of other lands. has hsea translated into
Danish. and i.Ul,lshed 81 Copenhagen
within the presrsss year.
RELIGIoS.-Dsnmsrk IL enphsirslly .
Protestant country. There are not more
sasn fur ar I've thousand RomsR Cath.
OlIcs IN The enrHe kingdom; and lhev are
IN be faund chiefly IN Coaenhagen.
Glueksiad'. F,eslsrris and Altnna. In
each al these places there 10 . priest.
siIh the exception Of The lat named.
where there are two. Whilst of ysss
tie number may be ss great 40 srsen OF
eight Ihoassnd. They have synsgSgues
Al Copenhagen ard Aliona.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27

sziuaik. ME. MFNHlly uiRftled ihesf
aiEnrjfas seniimrniss 4 lie - ~ such
pr0l0nad hor0r 81 m0hs - ~ pFOsesssd
81 he gentleman from Montgomery. Mr..
S. The decisions of Jndge Lynrh werr
seldom reversed. and thsi proved lha,
they were night. The Tea parry ~ BOs-
,pn was ! mob. and ihers uas NJ diiisE-
ence belween that sei and The one IN
which the swindling shops in Cincinnati
had been demolished. MODS, in has
Judgment. constituted The only efficient
system Of bank refnrm, and he wanted 10
Sect carried il. Mr.. MGNuliy said be
represented 4 population Of 10000. ma
joriiy Of whom coineided with him IN
these dOeirines. Cor he had openly and
boldly avowed them before the Election.
and had told his constituents il they did
moi agree with him they had better send
some one else 10 represent them in The
Legislature. lie only regretted that he
could mol say, with another distinguished
public man who filed an honorable STA
lion in other councils. ;. Solitary and alone
! SET Ibis bali in notion" But. in slhe
exercise Of their uncircnmscribed sove-
rcigniy, The People had found out a re-
medy for The abuses of The times. and he
prayed 70 God they would put il in
force"
To offer any commentary on such .
vowals would be to insult ihe inielligence
Of our readers.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27
From tie Cincinnati Republican, January 10
TERRIBLE EXCITEMENT-OUR
CITY AGAIN DISGRACED!

During ihe whOis day yesterday a pOr-
ton Of our Gig ,ras in the possession Of
a mob, brought on by the failure Of some
of our small note shops. As the whole
scene was in the neighborhood Of our Of
flee, we noted the facts as they occurred,
as accurately as we could in such state
Of excitement and confusion.
On Monday evening it was announced
that the Miami Bank had made an assign
ment and would be closed on Tuesday.
Early in the morning Of Tuesday, an im-
mense crowd assembled in front Of the
bank, which is very near the room oc-
cupied by the Cincinnati Bank. Upon
the door of the latter was notice that il
would be closed for twenty days, after
which time it would redeem its paper.
This caused great excitement-the exas-
perated crowd increased, and about nine
o'clock mob broke open the doors and
found that every thing had been removed
except the desks and countcrs-these
were broken and thrown into the street.
After they had done all the damage they
could there. they broke into the Miami
Bank, asd, while we are writing, lat half
past eieven,) are destroying its contents.
There are thousands in the streets specta.
tors. The run upon Bates, whose Office
jesss the Miami Bank, is immense.
Every man who has dollar Of the Ex-
change Bank paper is crowding in with
il. Thus far be continues 70 redeem.
The crowd are eadeavoriag 70 compel .Iim
10 redeem the West Union issues. and
several have succeeded. If this is con.
timed. Of course be mastsuspend, ssd in
the present siaIe Of excitement there 10 %
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27

Me7ice and re Tsrian pri.es,,,
We are informed BY friend - Is.
letters from alse eiiy &c Mrxiru - =. Ia
Of December, lhai Al hat lime Gen. So.
Anna; The Provisional Prrsideu. - A.
Republic. wss danssrousiy IA &C assse
~. The Texian prisoners az xsr -.
on heir march 70 The capital. TA,ee y
Them tired % The ROAD. lust beYosd GO
hpahna. and could proceed NJ far,Ls-.
when the Captain az DE guard uho -
eoried them. Is econ a. he fact w,s !.
ported 70 HIM. had them shot. ThissoIS
blooded acl ofbarbarism. his rpresen,e5
had excited The indignaion Of IN class.
Of The community, even in Mexico.
A constituent Congress Of she na,,on
had been called By Santa Anna, u 4.
semble in the eily Of Mexico On he 4, II
June. OF the present year. Tor fhe lorna.
ZION Of 3 new Constitution; in which Con.
gross al she Departments linelnding T,y.
ss) were 10 be Represented in lhe rslio az
one deputy 20 every 10000 inhabitants,
The population OF each deparlmen, !.
stated in The decree Of The President, based
upon an estimate OF The national institute
OF geography and statistics. and i maze
70 amount, in The aggregate. 10 7.0ii.lIO.
The population Of Texas is stated ii ~,
500. Riehmond Csmpiir.
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27

The DisfurLanees al Cincinnaii.-The
mob which was suffered TO break open a
Bank and several Brokers' Offices in Gin
cinnati. and to destroy the contents there
Of, in broad daylight. on the | lth instant.
appears to have subsidized before nightfalI
Of that day. The following grave and
very appropriate remarks on the subject
are taken from the Cincinnati Gazette ol
the 18th instant: MAJ. Intel.
The Mob,--The Wild spirit Of disorder
which prevails more or less over our coun.
try must be stayed. II 10 idle 10 psIier
with ]. longer. Ii il worse than idle 70
palliaie il for any cause. II must be
rebukcd--cushed--eyen il human blood
be shed 10 effect it. Better that than
anarchy.
The late outrage mBst be humIissjng 70
sTey good citizen. In broad soa IgLt,
The Hillsborough recorder. [volume] (Hillsborough, N.C.) 1820-1879, 1842-01-27

'ufthF TFki.naEp ediiinaui I.ake Cds,,a.
hv lie El D0l Juan Andrns Ar,s..
lea. a - Aesa a 2S0 urn.
At4poFt@ lils Secretary &c KYsr. al
ths IIah e AoFember. : puhllsAed. !,
|commendiag formal easnpsign ann,
Texas. and stating The quotas q .raa..
whieh he seu<n@l Depsramenss ue., !.
contribute Cor he purpose q rcerai.ing 4 !
army.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-10-10
ANOTHER DEVELOPMENT.

A number Of the Weekly Ohio State Journal
has found its way to US by mistake-and an
awkward mistake, it seems 10 u.s. to have been
The envelope was endorsed "Madisonian," but
on the inside it was directed TO a certain paper
in the State of New York. Well, along the
margin we find the following precious piece of
intelligence, in pencil mark: "Be cautious how
you bet on Ohio. We are laying a great deal
Of pipe 900 Kentuckians-2, 500 HOLSTERS
700 Wolverines, and thousand or two of all
sorts OF varment. This is great country, and
Tom Corwin is great man. 1t won't do for
us to be beat" The name of the New York
paper we do not gve-it may be seen in our
sanctum.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-10-10

Col. Stone, of the Commercial Advertiser, in
a wakeful interval between his usually profound
magnetic slumbers, has visited us with few
favorable remarks, for which we are much his
debtor, and for which we will remunerate him
IN kind as soon as we find any editorial article
in his paper, of his own composition, that will
admit of praise.
He seems 10 have found some discrepancy
between certain paragraphs in our Tuesdays
paper, touching the style of Mr.. Claws epstola-
ny writings. Rub your eyes once more, Colo
mel, and with the aid Of your magnetic-we beg
pardon-magnetizing spectacles, you will read
clearer. We repeat, ''there is decency of ex-
preston applicable upon every OCCASION" and
in our remarks upon Mr.. Clay's political course,
we took good care TO observe it, Had we des-
crbed the tergiversations of his career in cor
responding language, we should have been
obliged to borrow of Billingsgate dictionaries or
"Whig" newspapers.
BY the way, Colonel, what has become of
yoIr flag We thought you regularly enrolled
with the Clay fusemen. Have you found, with
your usual clairroyance prudence, the better
part Of valor, and hauled it down2 We COM
mend your discretion, and think no less highly
Of your Integrity than before.
The Colonel finds fault with the construction
of our sentences. We may not have studied
style with so much attention as he has, nor per-
haps, do we so nicely balance our periods. We
therefore yield him all the superiority he claims
in this respect. AS we never, in his columns,
have been troubled with ideas, we will pardon
him puerile indulgence in the arrangement of
words. There being nothing offensive in the
chickering's of an innocent, we compassionately
tolerate the harmless use of his tongue.
The brutes, he thinks, would not be ashamed
Of associating with US. We cannot entertain
so favorable an opinion of him. If he should
ever be turned out from his stall to grass, we
fear that, like another animal, he will carry
from his present associates such disagreeable
odor with him, that the whole species will avoid
his approach. He must first be fumgated.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-10-10
From the Buffalo (.N " Gazette.
TREATY WITH ENGLAND.

BE it remembered, that in the year 1912, John Ty-
Ter of Virginia, being President of the United States
a treaty concluded between the United States
and Great Britan-settling controversy which had
existed for half century, and which had lately
ly involved the two nations in a war.
Negotiations under most of former Presidents,
assisted by men of the most acknowledged talent had
failed. war seemed the only remedy al the COM
mencement of the late session of Congress-the glis
tenng bayonet and FURNISHED blade were almost yis-
ble-thc nation had made up its mind for war For
tcatons, armed steamers and battle ships were the
order of the day. all the treasury of the confederacy
all its credit was ready to be expended and the
drama of blood seemed about to be opened. John
Tyler met the olive branch, and with the aid
of dplomatists of the highest order, which he
had retained called around him, concluded
treaty-honorable for his country-happy for the
people, and for ever creditabe to himself and bis
constitutional advisers. John Tyler claims no mer-
it for the successful termination this most anxious
and arduous undertaking. With true heart feeling
for the glory and the happiness of the country which
had committed her welfare to his hands, he met the
most able and experienced dplomatist of the old
world, sustained our national honor unsulIied and
has the happiness of hearing the of appreciation
sounded from end Of the Continent to the other
Before the end of the session of Congress how chang
ed, how peaceful the policy of the country the
army was reduced instead of being augmented, and
the expenditure of millions saved TO the Treasury
And shall the country refuse to pay the debt of graft
tude to her faithful agents. and especially TO the Pre-
sdent under whose direction the negotiation was con-
duced The result of the negotiation has been hail
ed with pleasure and pride by the lovers of peaces
and by the scientific and benevolent phllanthropst-
who hail the day when truth and Justice when rea-
son and human rights, shall be duly respected and
shall supersede, in all the intercourse of civilized ma
tops, the supposed necessity for an appeal TO arms