Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1842-03-31

o III iuiuN ana America, " IVA protective duties.
duty OF . cents 10 imposed upon the article 10
age domestic manufacture This added TO the former
price, 81 20. would bring the article up To 81 10 Tho
iorcgn manufacturer ears that he will lose the Amer
can market, and consequently 10 prevent surplus In
his home market aud 10 create surplus here, he will
al once put his article nj cost 90 conls the importer will
iorogo half his profits aud take on cents which will
bring the article down 10 81 2O--the very price which
tho article brought before the duty imposed. In the
meantime, the American manufacturer produces the ar
tlce. which he can sell for the price Here. then,
the manufacturer is protected and the consumer has
additional price To pay Tho importation viii not be
materially checked and this, with the domestic produc-
non VIII create surplus, which Will tend to redue-
ton Of the price, sharp competition will onsue, and
necessity that mother oi lnyenun, wilbng ont improve
menls IN machinery, that the article can bo produced
At cheap rate. The skill also which ~ acquired will
enablo the manufacturer 10 turn of the article at less
expense, and 80 a1rd II 10 the consumer at reduced
proc. Illus, sir, will discriminating duties protect the
manufacture. and at the same time cheaper the article
/. It not sol Does mol experience Justify this paston'
I'hout duty, The foreign manufacturer sclls Al the
MAXIMUM price, with the duty he sells al the minimum;
without the duty he could proftaby reduce his price to
destroy our manufacturer with the Duty he must comc
down to The lowest price 10 compete with him.
Gentlemen have spoken of a proloctiyetaf'as an ex
podcd doctrine. An exploded doctrnel-Whcn. where,
and by whom was this dnetfno exploded demand. II
was the doctrine of the Constitution II had the support
OF the hmi President and the Gm Cuneress Yes sir.
General W ashngton, who who President Of the
Convention which framed the Constitution IN his fins
mes'aee 10 congress, says; Tho advancement oil agr
culture. commerce. and manufactures. by all proper
means, Will not, trust, need recommendation In
compliance with hssuggestiou the fsf Congress- in their
inst public act | say FIRST. for though stands second
III the lava. the hrSt aei was simply act binding all
officers u Government 10 the Constitution; an act nipo-
sing solemn oath to adhere TO that saerod instrument
the Inst Congress, composed IN aual degree olthe very
mil
employ this language IN the proaabe: NV hercas II is
necessary inf tho support Of the Government Tor the
discharge o the debt OF the United States, aud Tor the
encouragement and protection Of manufactures that du
ties be lalupnn goods, wares, and merchandise imported
"re it cnaetrd,' Sc This act then goes ON to pro
vide Tor discriminating duties Now. care not whoihcr
thcao ddilcs be high ur low. Il s sufficient that they
wore land to raise revenue and to protect manufactures
Will not through the list Of Presidents 81 preee,ents
on this subject lhls has been done by my friend tm
Vermont. Mr.. Shade, but will say that every pros
dent, from General Washington the present Execu-
i've unless II be the elder Adams, has recognised the
doctrine Of protecting domestic industry aud has RECON-
mcndcd encouraging manufactures. When Washing
ton the Presldcnt OF the Convention that framed the
Constitution, Madison, the writer OF that achltss in
srumcn md Jefferson. the great democratic OK pound
or Of 1t, concur IN the opinion, TINT Congress has the
right Of protecting manufactures, and ought exercise
it. every modest man should be slow prom uncing that
doctrine unconstitutional But told that III, doc
l II u
II has been recommended by every President, and has
been affirmed by every Congress There has been no
period in history IN which this doctrine has not been
n living law upon our our statute book Was il oxplo
died in 1916, 1924, ls2e 1892 Let the acts Of
those years speak for themselves Was il exploded by
the famous compromise ael2 The gentleman from souih
Carolina eonends that that act dscminatcs in favor Of
manulacutcsi and that act has not yet expired TINS
explosion, US gentlemen Will have H. musi. | think. he
an event YET unrc, Or if il has been exploded al all il,
must have beendunchy The spccchosof the gentlemen from
South Carolina and Now York MI RlrKcop1 In fl
Of free trade and direct taxation Free trade has
been oXtollod asa glorious doctrine, and il has been init
mated that II al men would adopt H. we should have
commercial millennium. regard the doctrine Of free
trade as nothing more nor less than part Of The system
Of entire non resistance Why do not the gentlemen
who advocate this doctrine carry oui hrir Vows and
say that they will mol erect orts build ships or support
armies and nayicsl The gentleman from New York
in the ianous Mcleod debate. as bcgorcnt az The
rest ofus. 10 say the least and my friend from South
Carolina is mol disposed 10 brook insults injuries come
from whom they may. Will gentlemen carry out their
Vows, aud make no preparation for The doncos of the
country, the ground that ifa men would be peacea
bic, We mghihavc autnry millennium fthc tx PRECISION
be allowable hen The gentlemen viii 60 thus far
then they may talk OF fire. bddc, but not before
The gentleman from South Carolina has told us that
millions have been paid 10 the rich manufacturers and
he has tlan ntlmaied that the burdens If tariff
fall principally upon the South. As our attention has
been called 10 this subeci, let compare tho population
of the South with the population of the North that we
may be able to decide hs question. Take the cotton
growing States. and nearly one half Of their entire popu
laon arc slaves Now, II cannot be pretended for
sing moment, that this population consume any thing
like the amount Of duabo articles which is consumed
by the free population at the North Their food and
their clothing pay but little duty. While all this class Of
Southern population contribute but little to the support
Of the Government the aboring classes at the North are
In the constant use Of tl,o0n a.''"~s Whi nav ryo
nue. to the Government. Their food, their dress the
furniture of lllor houses. all contribute to the national
treasury. Ii allow that the wealthy portion of the
Southern population consume equal amount Of dulabe
articles with the same class at the North suppose il
will be found true that there is a larger portion Of the
white population in the Southern STATES who are poor,
than will be found in the Northern States Tho opera
tives Of cotton mill consume articles paving ten times
as much duty as tho same number Of Southern saves
II is idle, then, and than idle pretend that the
South 10 more heavily taxed than the North. Thetruih
is The very reverse Of this From the character and
habits OF population, the burdens Of taxation must
fall more heavily upon the North.
But, perhaps it may be said that the free articles
those which are used in nanuncutosare consumed at
the North more than at the South This may to true
But Of these free articles-wool below cents for
exampe-and some Of the flbrics are made free
nearly for the express benefit Of sone of our South
ern friends But we have official documents which will
decide this question A communication from the Trea-
sury Department, submitted to the Goth Congress, Civ
ing detailed account Of tho importatons into the
era States from tho year 1891 10 1890, shows that the
average rate per cent actually paid the whole
OF mportaons, including the free well the dutahlc
articles amounted IN Massachusetts, Ia Sc per cent and
IN South Carolina 10 only 2S per cent making a differ
enco of per cent in favor of South Carolina And still