The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1842-05-10

in Mi The nuh,c stations TO which have been cal
led, ] have honestly labored faithfully 10 perform
my whole duty 10 The public.
In Tho brief. but Hattering review, which you
have taken Of my public career, you nave Jnstiy
conceived the motives OF my conduct. WIN re-
spect to The measures themselves, TO me adopuoh
or which may have contributed, will not under
take TO pronounce any decisive Judgment. VI their
influence upon the interests, honor and the char
of the nation the present genernton, ana pos
terity, il n recollection OF my agency IN maturing
them sha survive me, are and will be most com
pe,ent and impartial Judges of them and OF me-
But you have truly attributed to me a genuine
American spirit, in whatever concern have had
in pnbck affars and especially IN reference 10
great system Of national Policy ,
Divided as mankind arc, ever have been, and
W i'll continue 10 be into distinc, nations, II 10 the
solemn duty of each, whilst IL deals justly and I'D
orally others, constantly ana seduousy 10
advanced protect and maintain its own separate
interests To attempt 10 lcgslatc for them, or
expect or permit them TO icgisae for us, would be
alike vain and improper.
Ii was view Of this condition Of the world, and
instructed by lessons of experience drawn from its
history and the practice of other nations that early
led me to conclusion IN favor OF the Protection
of the domestic Industry OF our own country, MY
convictions have acquired additional strength, from
every reflection could give the subject, and rom
both past and present experience in the United
States. Free,trade is beautiful vision, existing
orists, and practically repudated by all nations
An indispensable condition to the adoption Of It,
by any one nation, is it's adoption by all But in
stead of regulating their trade, according to that
theory we every where behold restrictions, bur
dens, and prohibitions. And those nations which
make the nearest approximation 10 Il are IN the
least prosperous state. During tho last nine years,
about one half Of our imports have been admitted
free of duty, and as to the other moiety descen
ding scale OF duty been in progress, which is
now rapidly bringing lhem down. IT there were
any reality in the hoastlul promises OF the parsans
of free trade, our country ought, at this moment,
,f xyIuhtn mari
But directly tho reverse rs its melancholy condi
lion. Never were the products oil Agriculture
selling at more dscouraging prices; and the great
Southern staple Of cotton, which was TO have been
so highly benefited by reduction OF duties, Is
now sold at price less than ii has commanded
at any time since the last war with Great Britain
Nothing can be more erroneous than 10 suppose
the existence of any real incompalibiliy between
the interests of Agriculture, Commerce and Man
ufactures. A conflict between them would be JUST
as unnatural and absurd, as between the members
of the human Dody. Each prospers most when all
of Them flourish Agriculture requires but little
protection because its position secures II against
much foreign competition; or, rather protection TO
Commerce and Manufactures Is the best form OF
afTording protection 10 Agriculture.
Without diversity in tho occupations OF society
il all are engaged in one common pursuit, there
can be no subjects produced for mutual domestic
exchanges; aud consequently no home market, by
far the best, most steady IN war ana Peace,h"o "os'
valuable OF all markets.
We shall not, fear, rise ftom our present EN-
bairassed condition until produce, within our
own country, more of The supplies necessary 10
consumption, and depend less upon foreign cnun,
tries. Until that object is accomplished, we shall
be constantly exposed TO exhausting dram OF
the precious metals. and to sudden alterations OF
delusive prosperity and real adversely one OF
tho obvious modes OF accomplishing that OBJECT Is
The regulation Of our foreign trade by means of
properly adjusted tariff stimulating production al
home and diminishing importations from abroad.
And all experience has shown that, on whatever
r., ind, nuA
cessfuly employed, its price to the consumer has
been almost invariably reduced. This Is the neces
sarv effect Of the law Of competition.
The question is sometimes asked how the man
ufacturer can be benefited by an increase of duties,
if The effect be TO reduce prices? The answer IS,
that he is benefited by obtaining possession OF a
great extent OF home market, and by the greater
steadiness which prevails in il Whilst the foreign
producerin order to share any part of that maj ket
is obliged first to submit TO reduction in the price
Of his commodity equivalent to the duty, ana nus
commodity is finally excluded from the market
by the operation Of the principle of domestic com
petition.
: Fortunately for the harmony oil the different
parts Of the U MON, and without The danger of
vivipg topics which formerly agita,ed and exasper
ated parties, the actual wants ct the Treasury now
require Tariff which, while it supplies necessa
ry revenue, may be so arranged as to afford Incl
dental protection TO manufactures without any ma
teria departure from tho principles ri Tho COM
promise act. The opponents of the protective pol
icy have never controveited The right OF Govern
ment 10 give such incidental protection; and the
friends of that policy looking 70 The substance raih
err than the name of things. should think, ought
to be content if their object is attained, whether
BIO made in tho form of Revenue Tariff or Pro.
tective Tariff
| request your aces ptance, gentlemen, Of my
spectGnl and cordial Acknowledgements for the
friendly sentiments towards me contained in your
commnni lea ton and for your kind wishes for my
health and prosperity in retirement And unite
my prayers with yours tn the Great Author OF our
being tor his blessings upon you,upon our Country,
and upon all. ma. 4tt
am, with the highest respect, faithfully your
friend and oh I servant, Ill. CLAY.
From FLoR,DA.-The troops in the field, com
manded by Col. Worth in person after some efforts
succeeded on the 10Th in bringing the enemy under
IIalleck Tus,eauggee, TO action in the hammocks
near the Sand Hills. After a severe and wellco
tested fight, the enemy precipitately fed; their
rout was complete; all their baggage and food were
zen; the enemy's loss was one killed, two wound
ed and one prisoner; loss, one private killed,
and three wounded. 1t is said that the Indians
ght with the most determined courage, and
oniv gova gronnd nj the pOInt of the bayOnet.-