Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-07-22
amounted 10 a sum which would pay the present deb

of this nation.
The speech of MIR. Burke of New Hampshire was
emphatic enough in opposition to The Tariff in oil its
forms. HIS arguments, supported By facts WHICH Mr..
BIS profession prior 10 entering into Congress, ena.
bled him TO have at his fingers end, were CT, ar and
practical, and addressed 10 The common sense of every
man in the community. MIR. B. comes from a State
whose representatives have always been of the true
gfl and orthodox on every movement. Messrs. Slanly
and hlaihiot occupied their several hours in giving ut
terance TO as much billingsgate as they could rake up
against Mr.. Tyler. Among the epIthets brandlshed by
Mr.. Stanly, the choicest were 'traitor,' : and 'knave,"
whilst Mr.. Malhiot sought by his own testimony to
make the Chief Magistrate q "liar." He %soughtto con-
Wet MIR. Tyler of having wilfully falsifisd his own
words md acts, in relation to the old affair of the second
bank bill. Mr.. Mathiot was promptly met and fatty
contradic.ed by MIR. Snyder, as was MIR. Stanly by Mr..
Weller. MIR. Snydcr's evidence went to show, that Mr.
Mathiot was guilty Of more ialsehood thnn lie even
charged upon the President. Were il proper TO mar.
rate tor the public eye what takes place at the Presi-
dental mansion, some circumstances might be told
not very corroboralive of the sincerity Of Mr.. Ms say
ings.
On Saturday, the debate was entered into by n num-
Der Of members, only two of whom i heard-Messrs.
Summers and Smith Of Virginia. MIR. Summers
was bold enough in the ayowal of his doctrines.
Nc fault could be found with him for want OF
candor. lie went the whole with the protection and
distribution Wings, and advocated a high Tariff, parti.
cuiarly on account of the benefit it would afford 10 the
S"'N AtbNi VI tS 'uII baI lit 0'Ii -
Western Virginia to thls' What say they TO having
this-one of the first necessares of liie-taxeG 10 an
enormous amount, for the benefit OF the salt monopoI'es
ct kanawla and elsewhere!
MIR. Smith, of Virginia, obtained the floor and deli
vered q powerful argument upon the bIll-cuttIng The
taritfites right and left. He gave a clear analys OF It's
provisions and the interests IL he benefited by its pass.
age, and drew comparison between The meagreness oil
those interests falsely ~denominated The home industry
oil the country and the other great inte rests the real,
solid industry pF he nation Ip iusilv Ia rlrtp rIspu the
policy sought to be carried out as a system Of plumber,
and he adducpd statistics to sustain every assertion. lis
views were broad aud comprehensive, and touched the
subject in all It's aspects. But need mt undertake
so partial n review as would be able 10 give in this let
ter. The readers Of the Enquire. wall no doubt have
an early opportunity of seeing the speech in %ertenso,
and of Judging Tor themselves.
On .nonday, Me In, Mr.. Holmes, of Charleston,
opened the debate in an hours speech against the OBJ
noxlous principles emtoGied in this Tariff bill. lie
showed, how dcceptious IL was in name, and how con
trade tory in TO be n bill for re.
venue, and, at the same time, imposing duties on many
articles, which amounted almost, If not entirely, 10 pro-
hibItion. lie predicted, that in spite Of this bill, the
next Congress would find a deficiency between the re-
c.ipts and expenditures Of the Treasury, of ST., 000,-
900. He warned those, who r eaded the evils Of di.
rect taxes: against the effect of duties so high, that
tiev would diminish, instead of increasing the revenue.
MIR. Dixon ii. Lewis succeeded. MIR. Lewis IS one
Of the largest men in America, and never rises to speak
without producing a great sensation. On this coca.
sion, be spoke with The pcrsairation streaming ntcvery
pore Of the skin. HIS argument vas exceedingly able,
and we'll made MP, and showed, as many remarked,
that he was 4 man Of mind as well as body
lie treated the Tariff as the leading measure al the
Wing party, and as the one best calculated TO carry its
policy into effect. He drew 4 picture of what that po-
Icy had been since is2-, internal improvements, hunks
and TX pansions, systems Of organized wealth for the
benefit Of the few. Having brought d debt on the coun.
try, the policy of the party was to substitute The mo,
dern system of distribution 10 the States for the old
system Of intern Improvements by the General Go
vernment. He showed that distribution was but one
step towards substituting the States. 1t was only paw.
ing the way for the grand system Of assuming 'he State
debts, which lew were bold enough TO advocate nos,
but which would find friends enough among the Wing
party nj the proper time. We shall (said Mr.. J. not
only have 20 assume the State debts, but we shall have
10 support the State Governments by duties on imports
d~cluding the people, walking on the blind side o!
them, and taking taxes from them without their know
ledgr-a system unworthy The spirit OF the age, unwor-
Thy of our Institutions, and unworthy the intelligence
Of the people.
After noticing the fact, that this bill violated the Com
promise act, he replied 10 the bald assertion that 1t was
a revenue measure. He referred 10 the clear demon
STATIONS of Mr.. Jones of Virginia, who showed that on
many articles the drawbacks wonld exceed the revenue
also TO the admission Of John Quincy Adams, thNt at
least $40, 000, 900 Of The duties were prohib'tory. Under
such high rates, The imports would undoubtedly be d..
minished, and more especially when il was reco'lected
there would he no aids from an inflated currency and
from State stocks sold in Europe TO be returned TO US
in manufactured goods. lie justly argued, that 1t was
wrong to make the whole burdens of the Government
fall upon Imports; tina, rnr every $50, 600 900 paid 10
The Government in the shape of duties, we paid $780,.
900, 900 into HE pockets OF the manufacturers. Com.
pared with other interests of The country, the manufac-
turers are actually in the most prosperous condition
than all o~thefs-this, Too, III spite of their cries about
ruin and stagnation. The difference between the ma.
nnfacturlng and the other classes of society is, that the
latter are content 10 share alike the rise and depression
ofbusiness without coming TO Washington, and mnling,
infant like, for the protection Of GoVernment; whilst the
former, who have grown fat upon past bounties, object
10 any thing that takes off from their p. offs, and would
rain have the Government Of The U. 5. administered
so as 10 afford them 4 continual series OF COED luck
7 he census tables, some Items from which were read
by Mr.. Lewis, show that the manufacturers are IN a
far more prosperous condition than the agricultural
classes. Over three millions of people are engaged IN
agriculture in the u. States, producing annually S1I9,'
453 ,t7l-or $2l3 II TO each person. Now, the num-
Der OF persons employed in manufactures, IS only 7?l,-
7i5, and their annual products $685. 1888, 344-or 5000
rs to each person. The same tables show that the pro.
fits Of capital invested in manufactures are nearly three
times as great as those of that invested in agriculture;
yet, il was boldly proposed to tax the least profitable
interest uhe farmers) for the benefit OF the most profit.
able (the manufacturers MIR. l.. pointed out what
would be The true policy Of the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
production-ins,ea Of violating the natural laws of
trade, aud by protection forcing high prices and an ar.
,ifcial state of things. he warned Them, that II would
be hut n vain attempt to render permanent any such
fictitious state of things. Tie %smuggler wonld inter
pose in behalf Of free trade, and ceitat the revenue
laws. Even in New York, at this time, smuggling is
carried on, TO a great extent, at but 30 per cent, IN.
GLIDING freight, insurance, and other charges. Let
these high duties be imposed, and it would soon be
perceived That the trade Of the Atlantic was diminished,
New York weakened in its vitals, and Buffalo and the
lake frontiers bnilt up at the expense Of the sea board.
Mr.. Lewis entered into n number of enlarged views
in illustration of the position which lie assumed in favor
of free trade. At the end Of his hour, he had no, con-
cIuded his speech. and what waS very unusual there
we're cries from every part Of the Hall, that he should
20 on il spite of the gag rule. The duty OF the Char,
however, was imperative, and he had to lake his seat.
Mr.. Bolts of Virginia succeeded, and addressed the
committee in opposition to Captain Tyler and ia' The
purpose Of advancing his impeachment plot. lie de-
clared, tina, impeachment or revolution must ensuc, be-
cause they were the only remedies of the presen. state
of things and the grievance of having John Tyler IN