davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

PAIxHAS GUSs.-Abouit thirty Of these
formidable Instruments Of warfare, have
lately been cast q, Alger's foundry, South
Boston, and are now undergoing inspec.
ton by Major Wade, ofthe U. S. Army,
and Com. Chsuncey, oflhe navy. In the
course of a few days they will be proved,
at the South Boston Point, to which place
a number OF them are already conveyed,
and heavy cannonading may be expect
ed. The guns are about nine feet in
length, weigh 1900 pounds each, calbre
eight inches, and throw solid shot Of
sixty. eight pounds. - Boston Times.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24
CONGRESS.

In he Senate. Mr.. Clay. resolutions in rels,io,
TO the Tanff. and the expenditures Of the govern
rneni. are still under discussion, The debate SO
fa has brought out seve raj Of the 6rst speakers IN
The Senate. and much new ligh, uPos The state u
the county. It's commerce, its finances, and It's
pants--has resulted from the consideration Of these
resolutions, altogether proof that thu mPraetes'
BILE notion, of many of public men are beeom.
ing modified to degree, which indicates disro-
.ition to lock a: things they really are. Me.rs.
Evans, OF Mime, and Simmonds, of Rhod, Island,
made most excellent speeches, snd completely DE- b..
molished Mr.. Calhoun and his doubls-rrfned alb
.,ractions upon the subject of protecting our do.
nestle industry. Their speeches should be pub
ished and circulated in all parts Of the country,
that the people might see who are their vertabIe
friends amongst those in high places.
Tho House of Representatives is engaged in the
Of Reuenchment N the expenses of
government, besides . variety of misee sneous bu.
siness,
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

TREASURY NorEs.-The New York
Commercial Advertiser states that Mr..
Morris Keichum, of Wall street, las,
spring, nj the earnes; entrea.y Of tho then
Secretary Of the Treasury, consented TO
take one thousand dollars Of Treasury,
notes, drawn payable 10 his order. and
for which he advanced the money. Those
notes, endorsed BY him. we're negotiated,
and they are now coming IN msluFed Cor
payment. But although the Government
affords 10 be dishonored, aud stands N the
position ofa bankrupt, yet It's no, 81 with
the Governments endorser, Mr keiehum.
He feels that his owa honor requires that
the notes be has endorsed should be net
AND HE PAYS THEN. Bot where 10 lhs
honor ofihe Government in the mean
,imei
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24
A PRETTY FAIR JoKE.-Goy, Tucker

A PRETTY FAIR JoKE.-Gov. Tucker,
Of Mississippi, in his Inaugural address,
proposes the question whether the State
would not degrade herself by accepting
any proceeds from the Distribution Act OF
Congress This is too good to be passed
unno,iced. Just as if Mississippi. after
having solemnly repudiated her obIiga.
tons and swindled her creditors, could
degrade herself by any act others! The
idsa is irresstibly iudlcrous. That Gov.
Tucker must bs rare crack 81 toast
"a follow Of infinite jes,."
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24
FROM RICHMOND.

Both branches OF the Legislature adopted q res
rl",ion to adjourn yesterday, the 23d instant.
The bill requiring resumption Of specie pay
ments BY the Bsnks Of this State the lst OF No
sember next. passed the House OF Delegates on
Thursday last, by vote of72 to 42. An amend
nnent was added to the bill, that in case Of a re-
sumption by The Maryland and pennsylvania Banks,
the Virginia Banks should resume in 60 day. there
after. This will make the commencement Of ape
Gle payments the lst Of July next. The bill allow.
The Banks TO issue small notes ill January next,
redeemable in specie. They are also required to
keep journal o. their transactions open fr puolc
inspection. Ths Directors are to receives comp.r
cation, and have power to contract loan &c suy
Bank Of which they arc Directors.
Tho Senate was engaged, an Friday and Ss,o,.
day last, in the consideration Of the bill but moth.
ing dehnite was done.
The other business before the Legislature j. mo-
Of much Importance.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

We have been informed that il is the intention
Of The Reporter Of the Supreme Con't OF the U"i-
ted States publish, forthwith the case 81 Pr'gg
and others against the Communicable Of Penn
syiuaata, without waiting for the publication oiihe
frpoiis Of the Court at the present term.
This pamphlet will contain the arguments OF
No Nelson and Mr.. Meredith, who appeared for
m. State Of Msryland. that State having removed
he case from the supreme Cont Of Pennsy lvania
!. N. Supreme Court Of the Uni'ed States. and Of
Mr. Johnson and M. Hamblin, who represented
the State Of Penns, ivania.
The decision Of the Court, delivered by Mr..
Justice Story. and the opinion Of Mr.. Chief Jo.-
tice fancy, Mr. Justice Mclean. and Mr. Justice
Daniel who agreed with the majority of the Court
in iI- decision the unconstitutonsliry ofthe law
Of Pennsylvania, but disse n,sd on other points
will be sisen. ta
Ia will be reeollected that the Court held IN ths
ea.s that ell the laws Of the States on the subject
II Fugitive slaves void, and that The r'gh" o.
the owner OF fugitive slave TO arrest him 70 any
sssie To sh'rh he msy have fled or escaped, can
DOT be irteriered with by the legislation OF any Stae
"a the Unoa MAI Lafsl
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

NoMINArIoNs.-We perceive that the
good folks of some part Of Miss ssippi have
mounted the ramo Of Martin Van Buren,
for the Presidency, and of Richard NJ.
Johnson for his pice.
1t strikes US that it would be- better the
other way, and that Tecumseh Dick, as
no can out spell Martin, for his life, should
now turn him down, when he missed the
word. Turn about's fair play" These
Democratic gentlemen ought to relieve
each other, in being bea,en. There
should be rotation out Of Office, as well as
into it. Decidedly, j, is time that Martin
and Dick should I" ride and tic" little
independent.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

FLORIDA. We learn from ST. Angus
tine dates to the 18th instant, that Major
Pympton has succeeded in capturing the
notorious chief Short Grass, together with
his son-in-law and their families. Twen-
ty.thrce settlers, with their baggage and
slaves, and one with his family, have
crossed the Wuhlscoochee on their way
to the AnnukDHgi Hammock 20 open SET
Element. More are to follow, some pro.
hablv TO Clear Water harbor, west Of
Tampa, where Fort Harrison was locat-
ed. This is the first time settler has
advanced south of the nots Wi,hlacoo-
chez since the fall Of 1885, the COM
mencement Of the war. An officer ofthe
Army arrived in Savannah. on the 10th
instant, with the information that Assign
ocis, with his band of one hundred per-
sons, including twenty -one warriors, had
surrrn dered to Major Beknap.
A letter from Indian Key, under date
Of OH instant, states that Captain Biddle,
OF the u. s. schooner Otscgo, with fifty
men under his command, had returned
from n scout in the Everglades. Bali.
Amer.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

The refusal to receive the Land Money
will impose the necessity upon the Legis-
lature OF increasing the taxes largely, To
maintain the credit Of the Commonwealth.
The State borrowed $50, 900 Of the
Banks to pay interest on the public debt,
the LIST Of January-which was due the
LIST of March, and has not yet been re.
funded. 1t will be necessary to borrow
as much more in June, for the same pur-
pose. Where is the money to come FRONT
The land money would have supplied this
dehciency-b but that was discarded by the
wise Loco Focos. Is there any other al
tentative than direct taxation We know
Of none. This, then, will be the first
fruit Of refusing the land money Tin
creased taxes. Embarrassed, as the peo-
Pile now are, they will groan under these
additional burdens--wiih not the less bit
teiness, because they are imposed with.
out cause. Ii will require all their phi.
losophy to digest an abstraction, which
abstracts 100000 out OF their pockets.
We only desire, that they will bear in
mind to whom they arc indebted for these
unsolicited blessings Possibly they may
find consolation in Ritchie's State Rights,
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

"THE PURs.Rs' BILL. "-There Is a
bill now before Congress to abolish the an
Gent and Objectionable method OF reward
ing Pursers inthe Navy, and in lieu there
OF, nscertaining and liking certain salaries
for their several degrees of duty--tech.
nically called "the Pursers' BILL" The
important relative position which this mat.
ter bears to the whole navy OF the United
States, renders the speedy success oil the
measure Of vastly more Importance than
is generally understood. -Aler. Gds.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24
SCOIISVlLLE BANK.

The reader may recollect ths,a few weeks since.
the House of Delegates passed bill inc.r Poraline
a Bank in the town Of Scottsve. 10 Albermarle
county. On the 18Th, il came up for consideration
in the Senate, and failed TO become law. by Il
vote Of 10 TO TO- Its indefinite rosrpouemen, was
above stated.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

AMERICAN MECHANICS. stated
yesterday that under the reduced duties
Of the Compromise Act, the mechanics oil
the United States would have TO encoun-
ter an active competition with those Of
Europe in our own markets. The Bos-
ton Courier, received by yesterday after
Moons msil, contains the following para
graph, showing that the competition with
our Shoe and Boot makers and Leather
Dealers has already commenced. Are
the people Of this country willing that
such state of things shall continued
COMFORT FOR THE SHOE AND Boor
MAKERs.-By a recent arrival at this port
from Havre, we understand there was an
Importation Of sir thousand pairs of boots :
What glorious encouragement to the me-
chaucs of Norfolk, Midd!esex and Essex
counties especially to those, who, in the
late convention, were so partial TO the a6-
straot doctrine OF free trade!
The Philadelphia American Of yes,er-
day states that orders for 1900 pairs OF
boots have been sent to Paris from that
city.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

FREDERICK COUNTY.

The Wing. OF Frederick are preparing for the
coming contest; and have called meeting ut Win
chester on the 4tb Of next month TO nominate can
didates for the Legislature.
The Locos have re-nomnated M-s,rs Woop
and Byrd for reelection, and those gentlemen
have accepted the nomination.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24
RESUMPTION In PHILADELPHIA AND
MARYLAND.

There is a good deal of trick in the re-
sumption by these States. When our
Banks resume there will be none of this
trick, and we Thick it would be no more
than fair TO fix on the LIST Of Noyovmber,
without qualification, as the day. and
leave the Banks without harrassment I'M
til that day.
10 Pennsylvania las, year the Leglsla-
ture enacted loan from the Banks to
meet the liabilities of the state, and author,
ICED the issue by the Banks conserving TO
teke a part OF the loan, OF what were call.
ed relief notes, irredeemable IN specie for
fue years. These notes issued amount
to several millions, and constitute the
main circulation, If not of Pennsylvania,
certainly OF Philadelphia. The resunp-
ton that has taken place does not en-
brace these notes--or lift does, the Banks
refuse to redeem them, relying upon the
contract under which they were issued,
and there is but little doubt that the courts
will sustain them. The resumption there
fore, embracing only the small amount Of
B,nk notes payable on demand, is scarce.
Nv any resumption at all
So much for Pennsylvania resumption.
The Marylond Bank Law Inns the follow
ing provision TO ease off the Banks against
the BRoKERs:
"And be ii enacted, That il shall be the
duty ofthe Governor, upon information
that any Bank of this State has violated
the provisions Of this act, TO direct the
Attorney. General to issue seirc facias
forthwith against such Bank: provided,
that the refusal 10 pay any foreign or do
mestic broker shall not be considered a VI
olation Of any Of the provisions oflsis act. !"
The Brokers are the persons who will
return upon the Banks an amount ofnotes
that will be likely TO occasion embarrass-
ment.
Now is il fair TINT such mincing, tim.
id kind Of resumption should impose upon
our Banks any obligation TO resume ear
lier than. independent Of what other Banks
do, it may be considered they will be able
to resume without too severely pressing
their debtors? We think not. We sug-
gest to gentlemen to compare the above
described assumptions with the real and
bona fie character Of the prospective re.
sumption by our own Banks, and decide
accordingly. Rich. Compiler.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

g-I' The Alexandria Gazette states that tine
business vas done at several Of the fisheries last
week Several loads of Shsd were brought 10 that
place and so during the week, 81 per hundred.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

The Quebec Gazette says the ado msde about
shs PETITION presented BY M. ADAMS tor $3.50
ia,oa 81 the uaies. T" less~s 70 pe 'assr'ea 'aa'
20. $3.50 40 ..isi" The dissolution Of the
tf.,,. \. a. sseat which hss been predicted from
~, sr.s; bot a. lime advances the probability Of
80 /. entnstra,.hs Sec.dcA Men sometimes, in .
a. a .rl~ss ssd vsxston. because they cannot have
.vssy lAi.s Ia their o~n gay, speak lightly Of the
U-isai hss their h~sus do not mean 40. Even
Abssislonisss ard Nsllksrs you'd. u nerd be-. sisns
.koulasr ts shnsl8~F 10 defence 81 our glorious
Uuioa--N. y. Jo4r. Cen. 7rA
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

FossD.- The body Of Miss cATHAR'sE EVANS.
~ao We, drowned 10 tha opeqnon crock some
weeks since, was found on Sunday the 6lb instant,
= few hundred yards below 'hs place where she
s'"s She vas foSaA eG'sns'sd IN tie branches Of
ssheu tree In ;be vster.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1842-03-24

which teach scrupuious regard for the
honor Of the Federal Government, and
utter indifference to the honor Of the
State Wing.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
FRENCH AND SPANISH LANGUAGES.

A N. GlRAULT, for twelve years teacher in
IA .Philadelphia and for the last six years the
Principal of French and English boarding school
for young ladies in Bordentown, New Jersey,) re-
spectfully informs the Public that he has just re-
moved with his family to this city which he intends
making his permanent residence and that he is now
prepared to give lessons in French, Spanish, Eng
sh, either in schools private families, at his
sidence, Pennsylvania avenue 18th street, opposite
the Seven Buildings.
For information respecting his moral character and
professional abilities, he respectfully refers to
Maj. r. l.. Smith, DR.. VIM. Jones, p NJ,
Adjt Gen. A. Jones, w. w. Corcoran, ESQ.,
Francis Markoe, jr. Esq. Hon. James Buchanan,
Hon. Robert j. Walker, Col. w. w. Seaton
Maj. James N. Barker, Hon. Dudley Selden.
An evening French class for gentlemen is now
forming, and will meet at Mr.. CTS residence on Mon
day next at o'clock
Another similar class will be held at his office Cat
Mrs. Davs's, L street below l0th) soon as sui-
cient number Of scholars shall have been engaged.
Mr.. &. may be found at his residence daily from
ii to l o'clock, and at his office from to g. O'Clock
where application may be made to him for admission
to either class or for private lessons.
dec 6-d6t
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
WIGS. ToUpEEs, OR sCALps.

ar artificial Hair, TO initiate Naiurc-Mr QuiRK,
~ of New York, deems it only necessary to an
nounce to II fashionable world that he has just
rived in the Metropolis, where he intends TO remain
but for short time, he must leave for the South
In the interim, he offers for the inspection of DIS
eliminating community elegant assortment Of
Wigs and Tops, or Scalps, got up under his own i'm
mediate inspection, which for taste and durability he
faters himself must meet the appreciation Of all who
know him, with their commands Apply al his room
at Browns hotel, where he will be ready to
calls
Ladies requiring his professional services will be
attended To at their residences
A most magnificent assortment Of ladies' Wigs and
Fronts. dec SGT
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
CHASE'S WRITING ACADEMY.

MI r. G. Ii. CHASE has returned to Washington
lVl and taken on Pennsylvania avenue
(north sde) Sd door from 18th street, where he in
tends TO remain few months. All bad writes
would do well to make immediate application at his
room, which is the only place in Washington whore
a systematic course of instruction be obtained -
Those who have never learned TO write, positive
ly guaranteed good hand in course of lessons.
Lessons given at any time, day at night, either
privately or at the Academy. Those making mme-
date application will be entitled TO a in thi,
school SO long as shall remain open without extra
charge. For further information inquire at the Aca-
denny where proof of the teachers superior qualif-
cations will be given dec ST
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
SAMUEL FOWLER. Merchant Tailor, late Q

SAMUEL FOWLER, Merchant Tailor, late Of
- the firm of Fowler & Daniel, has just received
fresh supply of French and English goods, such as
Cloths, Cassmeres and Vestings, which he will make
up to order in the most approved style and at the
shortest notice. Members Of Congress, strangers,
and citizens are respectfully invited to give him
call at bis establishment on Pennsylvania avenue,
north side between Third and Four and-a-half
streets six doors east Of the Temperance hotel as
he is determined to sell at very reduced prices such
as will suit the times.
Always on hand, general assortment Of fancy
articles, suitable for gentlemen's wear.
n. b. Please do not mistake the store notice the
red sign and gilt letters directly under Mrs Wagga
mans boarding house. dec l-d2w
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
RODGERS AND SONS CUTLERY.

VIZ FISCHER has just received by the steamer
w Acadia, direct, from Messrs. Joseph Rod
gers and Sons, large supply of their best Congress-
four bladed knives, pearl and stag handles Wharn
cliie and other pocket knives, with q and blades
in stag, pearl and she'll handles razors in ivory and
buffalo handles erasers with ivory and cocoa wood
handles strops, with two and four sides Of
perior finish and quality scissors and Office shears,
from to Is inches all of which will be kept con-
SANITY for sale, the best terms, at Stationers'
Hall
Dec. 9-3taw3w
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
NEW MUSIC

T USr received the following pieces Of New Music,
a at the old established Store, two doors east OF
18th street. Pennsylvania Avenue. w. FISCHER.
wish could remember-by j. A. Getze.
Co me, come TO me loye-arranged for the guitar.
The celebrat, d evergreen gallop-by LabitzSi
Daylight is on the sea--by A. Lee.
Oh no I've not forgotten ihee-by c. F.. Horn.
Oh strike the lutte, ady-by C. T. Horn
My Arab mad-by c. T.. Horn.
o gallopade-S. II. Hewett.
dec
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
TO TIE LADIES.

TINE well known firm of ARMAND PRousr & Co.
Il from 349 Broadway, New York, beg leave TO in
form the Ladies, that having received by the latest
Packets from France handsome assortment of the
newest articles in the millinery line, viz Embroide-
ries, Capes Collars, Sbawls, Ball and Wedding ORES
ses, Pocket Handkerchief, Laces, Ribbons, Bonnets,
Fancics, SC They will reopen, on Monday next the
Mr.. Donoboo, Pennsylvania avenue, three doors East
from the American Hotel between 3 and a. streets,
where they respectfully request call, dec 23'
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
TO LET.

TIME dwelling house recently occupied by the Rev.
L Mr.. Donelan, situated on the corner Of Yer
mont Avenue and l. street. The rent, to good ten
ant, will be made moderate, and possession given i'm
mediately Inquire of JOHNSON & CALLAN.
dec 1-eotlW
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
BOARDING.

MRS. S. S. ELLIS, from New York, having ia
lNl ken the large house at the of 10Th street
and Pennsylvania avenue, in the row known as the
Seven Buildings is prepared to accommodate mess
of members during the approaching session of Con-
gress. dec l-distf
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
BOARDING.

M RS. ABERCROMBIE having put her house in
lSl complete order for the winter, she VIII be
pleased to receive Members and their families. Her
house is pleasantly situated on the Avenue, front
door on Ith street, opposite the city Post Ohce.-
All possible attention will be observed 10 render
Mrs Abercrombie's house desirable TO boarders.
dec
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09

TuE PAY OF ARrIsTs.-Dupres, the great tenor
has renewed his engagement with the Grand Opera
at Paris for five years, upon the annual salary OF be-
tween eighty and ninety thousand francs-about three
times the amount allowed the Chief Justice of the
United States, any of the Secretaries of the De-
nar
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09

The steamship Acadia, Captain Ryrie, left Boston
at noon on Friday for Halifax and Liyerp1 ol, with
twenty passengers. Her mail bags contained upward
of fourteen thousand letters and forty bushels Of
newspapers.
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
SUPERIOR OYSTERS.

A CARGO of excellent York River Oysters may
II be obtained on application TO Captain Levin
board the schooner ELIZA ELLEN
now lying near the foot Of the Long Bridge. Price
50 cents per bushel. dec s-3t
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09

The New Orleans Courier states that the amount
of specie in the vaults Of the Banks of that city
on the 59th ult was SO, 60c, 027
The daily Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1841-1845, 1842-12-09
TUCKER and SON, between Browns and Gads-

TNUCkER and SON, between Browns and Gads-
I by's Hotels, having been for the last few days
receiving and opening their Fall Stock of French
and English Cloths, Cassimcres and Ves,ngs are now
prepared to exhibit to their and the public
very handsome assortment, cheaper than they have
been able hitherto to offer them in consequence of
the reduction in the market we'll as the further adj
vantage of cash payments.
heir present style is heretofore, to the fullest
extent of fashion irequired otherwise, 10 suit the
taste of the purchaser in all cases holding themselves
responsible both for the fit and workmanship of the
garment furnished.
Their latest arrivals of Paris Fashions furnish pa
terms of the various tyles such Habit Pan
taoon, Gilet Paetot, Paleto-sac, Redingoe Paroles
sus, and Manteau, all of which they are prepared to
make up with strict reference to the originals.
In addition to the above they invite special alten-
ton to a few ends of Naive Cloths and Cassmeres
which, The price considered, will bear an enviable
comparison with foreign manufac ures Also the
usual assortment of Genlemcn's Fancy Dress arli-
cles. dec 6-Iwif