The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1842-08-06
CONGRESS-FRIDAY.


Mr.. BERRIEN, from the Committee on the JUDI
CARY reported the bill from the House authorizing
the clerk of the District Court Of the Northern LIS
trict of New York to employ deputy, and the pi''
regulating the services of the several judges 10 'no
Territory of Iowa and they were severaliy reao d
third time and passed.
On motion of Mr.. BATES, the Senate proceeded
to the consideration of the following joint resolution
viz
RESOLVED by the Senate and House Of Representatives, q
the United States Of anerica Congress assembled has
the benefits of the act entitled An act granting nan
pay and pensions to certain Widows" approved uo
TN day OF july 1888, shall not be wlthhed iror any
widow whose husband died after the passage OF ule
act OF 7th June, 1882, and before the act OF 'e III
July, 1888, if otherwise entitled to the same.
Mr.. BATES made few remarks in explanation OF
the resolution, and it was then read third time ana
passed.
IMPRESSION, from The Committee on Military AT
fairs to whom had been referred the bill in relation to
the reorganization of the Army and for other purpo
ses reported that they had had the under con-
sderaton and had directed him to report that IN their
opinion, the Senate should disagree to the amend
menFs made thereto by the House, and ask for
branches of Congress there dsagreeing votes
with regard to the Army Appropriation bill and that the
bill just reported had been Introduced originally for
the purpose of compromising these difficulties The
Senate had asked Committee of Conference upon
the disagreeing points the Army Appropriation
bill, and the House had concurred 10 the suggestion
and with view to make the result of the conference
more complete, and ascertaning whether the existing
disagreement could be satisfactorily reconced, he pro-
posed that both bills should come before the same
committee, as one intended supersede the other
The report was concurred in, and Committee of
Conference ordered to be appointed by the Chair.
The act in addition to an act to promote the pro-
gress of the useful arts was read third time and
passed.
The Senate then proceeded to the onsderation of
the bill to provide from Imports and to change
and modify existing laws imposing duties imports,
and for other purposes.
The question as stated, "ShaIl the bill be read a
| third time p when
Mr.. CALHOUN address ed the Senate for about
an hour, and in the course of his remarks said that
the bill of 1928 had been called bill of denominations
but, bad that bill was, this bill was worse, be-
cause it was more onerous. The average duty unde
this BILL as estimated by the Chairman ofthe Finance
Committee, was about thirtysx per cent ad ualorem
that of 1928 was nearly forty-sx according to tn
best calculations which he had been able to make
The difference between the two bills ten per cent
adj paLorem Other causes made it more onerous than
this In the first place, the cash dutes-whlch nc
one estimated at than four or five per cent
would bring the duties under this bill up to forty pei
cent. ad palorem. Add to this specific duties. Prices o
| foreign commodities had been much reduced within
the astlfourteen years and as prices were reduced
sepcifc duties must RISE ad palorem. This bill was de-
signed to go into instant operaton-the act OF 1888
gave three months notice This bill throws the duties
| more unequally between the poorer and the richei
| classes; but this not the only objection Ii
would entirely supersede the Compromise act lii
would pass over the fact of the breach of express atf
pledged here by the author of the Compromise act M
Clay) and the now distinguished Governor of Mass.
(Mr Davis) who solemnly pledged themselves tina
the act after having operated favorably to the man
uacturers of the North, should not be repealed whel
it began to operate favoraby to the South. IL
would pass over the fact that the proviso in thu
Land act which suspends distribution in case duties
shall go above twenty per cent? was to be violated
proviso which inserted under positive pledg'
! that it should be respected. If this bill should be
come law it would be against the lights of exl eri
ence In 1928 they had little experience on the sub
ject-they had little under the protective tariff
1924; but, since them they had had cloud of expert
ence and they had not only had high duty but re
duced duty and therefore they had been enabled t
compare results with long period of years, and per
ceive its operation. In those years the navigation
coastwise and foreign and manufactures either near
ly stood STILL or advanced very slowly but under
reduced duties, notwithstanding the adverse circum
stances of the times, the impulse given to the indus
try of the country never attained so high point
Navigation, too, had increased, and what is still more
consolatory, our manufactures He contended tina
this was not revenue BILL but was one for protec
ton When they wanted revenue, the duties must
be laid at the lowest point all above that would be
exclusive protection. The chief difference between
this act and that of 1923, was ths-the law of
1928 was boldly and avowedIy for protection
This was bill for protection in the guise of one for
revenue. The former carried the dagger in the
hand the other concealed the weapon in its bosom
In conclusion he said that, under the banner OF free
trade, an economical administration Of the Govern
ment, an entire separation Of Bank and State, low
duties and strict adherence to the Constitution, the
country would enjoy prosperity liberty and happi-
| ness
! Mr. BEN TON addressed the Senate in opposition
to the BILL and said that it would be passed precisely
as it came from the House, and sent to the President
so as to produce certain political results.
| Mr.. WALKER moved to re-commit the bill to the
Committee on Finance, with instructions to substitute
in the place of the duty tea and coffee, for reve-
nue., on gold and silver ware above the value OF one
hundred dollars the tax not to exceed that proposed