Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-09-09

pa nao enforced 10 every branch, both IN the col
,o,io, and disbursement of the revenue; ana, move
all tha, none Of the resources OF 'ne L.
49,. leen thrown away or surrendered Has ne oohe
~ a., Or has he showed that 1t has been even
either he or his party nave hiaue
49, sas,ema,c or serious effort 70 feCeem the pe"ge,
80 ,,s, ard solennly given before The eleciioh Ina.
Inc expenditures should be greatly reducea oe,o" VIVA
,han ,hen were and be brought downto sevehleen,sS
go and even as low thirteen nilllons OF ooiiafs
nn,lly. Has not their course been Directly the re
verse since they came iulo power: nave 'hey NOV
surrendered one OF the two great sources OF
the pubic lands raised the expenditure i.J,'
.ne nr Two millions TO twenty. annuaiiy' ana m
ceased The public debt from FIVE and hali 10 more
thon ,wentv millions And has not all TINS oeen done
nnd circumstances we'll calculated TO excite suspicion
th,, Tho real design to create Necessity of oo's
,b ho oxoress view of alfordng protection 10 manu-
r..,.ras, Have they moi, indeed, told US, again and
n; THROUGH their great head and organ, that the Two
80, mud indispensable measures, to relieve the coun
t,v from Existing emborrassments were pro'ecuVe IA
ri and national bank And is IT, then, unchartaoie
10 assert that The expenditures $" lar rom oehg neces
,rr 20 The last and economical wants OF the Govern
m.nt have been raised TO what they are with me de
sim or oas.ng this bill in the only way couio Dc
oas.ed-under the guise OF revenue!
Rnt Il il were admitted that the amount il proposes
n rails. IS necessary II meet the expenditures OF 'he
Government, and mat me expenditures ''e"''F,es
we're nccessary-lhe chairman must still go one step
to make good his assertion that this IS Dill lot
revenue. and not for protection. He must show that
the dutes it proposes laid revenue, and not on
protective principles
No two things, Senators, IRE more different than du'
tes for revenue and protection They are as opposite
ne lnht and darkness. The is friendly, and the
other hostile TO the importation of the article on which
they NAV be imposed Revenue seeks not TO exclude
or diminish the amount imported: on the contrary,
that should be the result, IL neither designed nor
desired it. While it takes, it paronzes; and patro-
hat - tske
every respect, with protection. IT seeks, directly,
exclusion or dmnuton. 1t is the desired result; and
if It fails in that, fails in lis object But although
so hostile in character, they are intimately blended
in practice. Every duty imposed on an article ma
nulactured in The country, if it be not raised to the
point of prohibition, will give some revenue; ano
every laid for revenue De it ever so low, must Ill
ford some protection, it IS called But, not@th-
Standing they blended in practice, PLAIN and IN
,esible rules may te laid down, by which the one
nay be so distinguished from the other as never to be
coniounded To make duty Of revenue, and not
protective duty is Indispensable in the FIRST pace,
that il should be necessary to meet The expenditures ni
the Government; and, in the next that the expendi'
lures themselves should be necessary for the support
of the Government, without the deficit being caused
intentionally raise the duty either by surrender OF
other Of revenue, or by neglect or waste, In
either case as has been stated, would the duty be for
revenue must in addition, never be SO high as to
prohibit the importation of the artcle that would be
utterly Incompatible with the object OF revenue But
there other less obvious though not less important
rules, by which they may be Disseminated with equal
certainty.
On ali articles on which duties can be imposed,
there is point in the rate Of dulles which may he
called the maximum point OF revenue-tiat IS, point
at which the greatest amount OF revenue would be
raised II it be elevated above that, the Importation
of the article would fall off more rapidly than the duty
would be raised-and, if depressed below II, the re
verse effect would nl!ow-ihat Isl the duty would de-
crease rapidly than the importation would IN
crease If the duty be raised above that point, it is
manifest ha, all the intermediate space between the
maximum point and that to which il may be raised,
would be purely protective and not at oil Tor revenue
Another rule remains 10 be laid down, drawn from The
facts just stated, still more important than the pre-
cednr as far es the point under consideration IS IN
yolved 1t results from the facts stated, that any
given amount Of duty, other than the maximum, may
be- collected any article, by two distinct rates OF
duty-the above the maximum point, and tie other
below it, The lower is the revenue rate, and the
hi her the proiectve-and all the intermediate is pure
/, protective, whatever it be Called and involves 10
that extent the principle of prohibition, perfectly as
raised so high to exclude importation totally III
follows that al duties not laid strictly for revenue are
nurely protective, whether called inc dental or not
and hence the distinction taken by the Senator from
Arkansas, Immediately my left, (hlr Seyier,) be-
Incidental and accidental protecton IS not less
true and philosophical than striking. The latter is The
Only protection compatible with the principles on which
duties for revenue are laid.
This bill, regarded as revenue bill, cannot stand
the tes, of any one of these rules. That it cannot as
to the two first, has already been shown That some
of the duties amount TO prohibition, has already been
admitted by The chairman. To those he admits a Icing
list of others might be added have IN my drawer an
enumeration Of many of them furnished by an ntelll-
gent and experienced merchant; but will not occupy
the time Of the Senate b. reading the catalogue. That
large portion of the duties the protected articles
~. inf M 0t do
MED; and that there few or none imposed on pro
teced articles, which an equal revenue might not
he raised at lower rate Of duty will be admitted. As,
them every feature Of this bill is stamped with procc
ton, is much bill for protection as that OF le2o
Wherein, then, does il differ: In this: That went open
~, boldly, and manfuy for protection; and this as
sumes the guise OF revenue That carried the drawn
dagger in lis hand and this conceals it in its bosom.
That imposed the burden of protectlon-a burden ad-
United to be unjust unequal and oppressive but 1t was
the only burden; but this superadds the weight OF its
false guise-n heavy debt, eytravagant expenditures,
the less Of public lands, and the prostratlon of public
credit, with The intent of concealng It's purpose. And
this too may be added to the other objections, which
makes il than its predecessor in abomination.
am, Senator's now brought 10 the important ques-
ton, why should such bill pass? Who asks for il and
on what ground: 1t comes ostenSibly from the manu-
featuring interest. say ostensiby; for | shall show,
in the sequel that there are other and more powerful
interests among lis advocates and supporters. And ON
what Stoclus IL IS OH lual VI pIoteC'
ton. Protection against what? Against violence op.
preston, or fraud' If SO, Government is bound 10
afford it, if it comes within the sphere of its powers,
cost what it may. II is the object for which Govern.
ment is institutes; and if it fails in that it fails in the
highest point oc duty. No; it is against neither vio-
ence, oppression, fraud There is no complaint of
being disturbed in property or pursuits, or Of being
defrauded out Of the proceeds oil industry. Against
what, then, is protection asked II is against low
prices. The manufacturers complain that they can.
no, afford to carry their pursuits at prices low
present and that, unless they can get higher, they
mus, give up manufacturing. The evil, then, is low
prices; and what they ask Of Government is 10 give
Them higher. But how do they ask it to be done
Do they ask Government to compel those who may
want 10 purchase 10 give them higher No; tina,
would be a hard task, and not little odious; diff.
cult to be defended on the principles Of equity justice,
or the Constitution, TO be enforced, if it could be.
Do they ask that tax should be laid the rest of the
community, and the proceeds divided among them, to
make up for low prces' or in other words, they ask
for bounty No; that would be rather too open, op-