Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-03-29

be more han compensated FOR that by the O
our coastino trade. But the above table shews THIS
oe rs Grcal as mos. of the Tariff alaces. For, athoug
it had fallen of G3,497 tons from 1924 to 1880, yet
had more than doubled from $50 TO lS4G; coas,
inc trade being depressed more during the peric
THAI !oreign
In addition 10 the other tables, the following sub
Joined TO show the effects of the Tariff upon i'm
ports and exports
S:ae,a.a d Imports and E1pO-s Of the Ce'ed States
Year, lnpofS Exports
lsai, So .9,m7 759sG,657
ST so, lc sg.;iI,Si , ss,,
do not desire said Mr.. B., In be considered h
enemy of manufactures. am friendly to ihem and
sill be glad to sec them established whenever the
try is ripe Tor them Whenever that is the case, thel
will be ntrcduced--uniil them they ought not TO b
introduced. My only fear is, that tie protection which
Tariff for revenue alone Will afford will cause man,
to be introduced ptematurely. That protection is mucl
greater than is generally supposed. The memorial o
the New York merchants, presented TO Congress at thu
Extra Session, says: Twenty per cent duty is pro
lection OF no less than forty per cent 10 domestic ma
nufac,ures, because, III addition 10 The duty, the ex
penses of Importation about seven and neha pei
cent, and the profit to the importer IS probably abou
twelve and a half per cent" VIII not this afford pro-
lection enough: Are there any manufactures io
which the country is ripe, that prosper under
protection Of 10 per cent? With all these facts before
him, is there Slrginan in this Assembly who is pre-
pared 10 revert the deadly and destructive Tariff po
cy which, like the dreadful upas tree, scalers aronnc
It pes,i,ence and death,
have thus shcwp that BY the operation OF the larii
policy you impose a tax of 81 10l00 upon the consu
er for very dollar carry INTO the Treasury that the
ad aDtUgc Of 10 tie Northern manufacturer
that he is benefited TO the extent that The consumer
is injured and that there no incidental effects al
tending the system, which al all compensate Tor us ihe
quality and injustice.
Bn, there other fncts showing The une1nai ano
unjust operation Of the Distribution law, 10 winch ne
would advert La the first place, the States IN "h'ch
the public lands situated In have 900 coo acres
N addition their dlslrbutve share. The exact per
cent, which this quantity bears 70 the entire quantity o
public lands he had made no calculation 10 ascertain
In the next, the States IN which the lanes lie are
10 have 10 per cent. OF the proceeds. vi course
the old States, Virginia among them, Will receive less
by 10 per cent; this head than their just proper
ton; and 10 per cent. less Will come into the Stale
Treasures under the distribution law, than would go
into the National Treasury under The present system
In the third place. Virginia Will get about III! per cent
less shan of right she ought 10 receive, 10 consequence
OF representative populations in which five slaves only
count three beng made the ratio Of distribution. The
entire population Of Virginia Is 239, ~: OF which
.g0e o are whites and free blacks, and 4i-9>7 are
slaves In Eastern Virginia, there are about an eqnal
number OF blacks and whites. So that, under the dis
,fbulon law that Will receive 20 per cent less
than she IS entitled 10; anu the ehrc S'd'e l55 per
cent. less.
But III answer 20 This, it will be said, that The South,
in cousc quence Of her slave population, Will contribute
at least this much less IN The shape Of taxes, TO supply
the vacuum created in the Saiiona! Treasury by The
distributions than lie free States So far from this being
true Mr. Bavly commended that The very reverse was
the fact Do not the slaves oi the South consume as
much of the articles, from which the dn'ies are prin-
cioalIy raised as The free !aborers Of the North They
consume unquestionsby more. Do they not consume
as many coarse woc!ens They surely consnme a
much in the shape OF clothes for they we'll clad
ilu tl,p,yc
dencc They consume more coarse blankets In Nlr
cinia we give each Of our negroes blanket every
wear tie dad no, hesitate to say that II you take ia
njly negroes, and the family ot white laboTer
composed OF the same number, IN lifetime the iormei
would make way with five times many blankets a
the later The slave laborer Of the South more
salt thin the free laborer oil the North for, the for
ner, from convenience, is fed almost entirely on sail
pork while the latter uses, TO great extent, fresh
meat Does the slave ia6orer break, wear out and
lose as many axes, many hoes, and as many poughs
in word, does he not much iron as the tree
laborer3 The clothes which the white aborer 10
great extent made in his own family whereas slave:
are clad small eyteEt IN domescs made IN thei
masters fam'es Do not the slaves use as many
coarse cottons In fact, he I'D not know OF n single
article upon which dut.,u operate, which is not con
sumed 10 as great extent by the slave aborer as tht
free lahorer If there any such article, he desired
it might be named. The whites OF the South, IN con
sequence Of their proverba extravaganza surely, con
sumo more Of the articles bearing duty, than the
whites of the North Virginia will certainly contribute
therefore as much If not the shape of taxes Il
supply the created IN the National Treasury
rs the same OF population any where else bu
she will receive, less than the non-saveholdng States
by III per Put all these items together, and how
stands the account,
hsve shewn, that for every dollar carried into TIT
National Treasury, by increase OF duty, NrgIn
PAYS 81 30. Add the 10 per cent. which the new
States receive, and the IL! per cent which Virgins
loses consequence III the ratio OF distribution, ant
YOU find that she contributes in the shape OF duties
according TO tins calculation, "a G4l, for every dola
which she receives in the form Of distribution Bu
there are several Items, WHICH are left out oil IT. Ther
are the 500,Go 10 the States, the increased
me rcantiie profits, &c, which added, would ceftan
increase the contribution Of Virginia to five dollars 70
one Admit however, that this calculation 10 pushe
too lar and he deied any To shew that 1t was; an
il would only prove that the argument was not true
the extent TO which 1t had been carried, and not that
vas no, true 10 some extent But if ii were true I
nnv extent It Showed that the distribution policy wa
unequal anG unjust
But there are many other objections 10 it. 1t is at wa
with the spirit of form oil Government. Resin
upon the principle, that the people are capable OF sci
government it rs designed 10 secure the greatest prac
tcabe responsibility OF the representative Ia them.
THIS design IS obvious IN every part OF our system /
our foreign relations, the interest oil nearly every pa
OF the country is the same, and they are committed
the General Government. Our domestic interests ar
as variant the different States which compose til
Union or indeed he might say, as the different cour
ties which compose the States all of these are prope
ly committed 10 our local Legislatures. Massachuse
NAV leeslate wisely for Virginia, in relation 10 our fc
reign aiiars BIZ; is impossible that she could legi
late Understandings, 10 relation 10 our domestic col
Germs Those propositions will not be denied III
would Law down others cGuov clear. The rcspons
blty of the representative TO the constituent is IN III
ratio OF the SIZE of the constituency. The small'
Tho n
when the constituency small, each individual con
posing il is felt. When it is large, the individual
MERGED in the mass When The constituency is larg
the representative deals with masses and net wr'
individuals OF course, the influence and control
each l.d. ,sua over his representative is TO gre
extent los The act which ot;tEds concti,at,
another AID The views and feelings Il eaci are less co
suited, The responsibility OF the representative of
small constituency, every member ct which he NEE
face to face is much greater than of large one vt
: deals with il al distance. The former Will know be
ter the wishes Of his constituents and viii take MOI
Mains To carry them ont. Hence it is, that in our VII
relations which less undo