davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13
Ill.,. =. eeJ,js.r; s.s E.ya.'

I,.n.Y,y - ElcorERt oS 2GoLYS PturERiS - M
ycluabie e.:s stolen from he Patent Q5rs Tet4'nfd
sate Early in the forenoon OF yrsterdS;' NOSE mug
,a,,,Le officers. Messrs Hays, Zell ard R'dgley Of
c.ty received information which led them to believe
ii,,t ;,s,t 10 a schooner lying at the head OF Smith
dock wouJ no, be Improbable. The schooner was The
Mary Briaht and she was bound to Richmond. Justice
SnYder was called upon by hem and at their instance
he issued search warrant ana at 'neli feques'
oanied them TO the vessel Arrived there found ,he
cabin locked but this was Immediately opened by the
C,n,,;n IF The schooner; entering the cabin, almost
the frs, object that met their eye, was large BACK
leather trunk. Upon inquiry, 1t was ascertaned
that the trunk had been lst mere IN the n'p had
ing. during the absence OF the Captain, and had
been received and receiped for, by colored man
on board An effort then made wirh keys 10 open
the trrnk, but proving unsuccessful, lhry con
cluded to force the lock- This done, they found IN
the trunk simply large floor mat, but upon unroil.
ino The mat the whole of the Jewels recently stolen
from ,be Patent Office al Washington discovered
in perfect order with the exception OF the sword case
which has been slightly injured by an apparent efoFt
to bend it, The recovered art'cies are nagn'nceh'
gold snuff.box, richly ornamented with diamonds a
pearl necklace, of great value Two very h rye I'LL
The stolen articles, was all the trunk contained.
Cant. - of the Mary Bright, rendered every
facility the oscers and did not hesitate al once -
give them free 10 every part oil MS vessel ine
thief has doubtless gone TO Richmond, VIA wash
;ngon. 10 await the arrival of the schooner, but we
shall be disappointed if the eagle eyes OF The officers
do not overhaul him, trihe before the vessel arrives
The negro man, who received the trunk, gave iull
description of the person who left il, and It VIII he
difficult matter for him TO escape. The exert'ons o.
Messrs HAYS, Zell and Ridgy, are to he commended
since The robbery they have been indeiatigable IN
their efforts to catch the thief and we are reJoced that
they are his track with every prospect OF taking nm
The reward for the recovery Of The articles alone was
81 800 and extra thousand will be their portion, u
,r,t nah IN
bold thief
n. The Baltimore Patriot says, ;hat the trunk was
labelled and directed to the Of Jas Arson, Itch
mond, Wa)
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13

,,I-rI Il, : ALE OF IASD-By virtue of Deed 81 Trust
cy.cn,sd nv John Ware and Mary ~ Ware his wife Tho
subscriber and John Napier deceased and Of record IN The
Clerks Of 'oocand County Court Tor purposes thrfe
mentioned The subscriber Surviving Trustee, viii proceed
,r nd day Of February s Al the Tavern House Of FL
mund in The Of G0ochand, 10 SELL publicly
IN rlr highest bidder for ready money, three parcels Of
Land wing on lie waters OF the Little Bird creek, in said county,
onr marcel containing and acrrs-lnoher
one hundred acres and containing bundled and for
being the lands conveyed said deed The tile Is be-
liryed good Trustee the subscriber VIII only
convey suci tule as Is vested IN him by said deed.
GEORGE srlLLMAN, spTrring Trustee.
Ian 1t--WiW
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13
Ncnrols nnl olhtr PropertN for SaIe.

.Ncrroes and oMtr Properly J0f SAFE.
The frsi Monday in February next, heinz Cont day.
" shall o M .a ional," .en,.a% al e :, rsr
y Men On. Of Them good Blacksmith, the other young
and likely Woman Mh" Is an e,.eent p seass t and
d Pur,urc and two Shares Of Manchester Cotton Factory
stock Tsras-Cret 1T January 1919, for bonds with
mayed security carrying from The date but the Interest
IL br eni,;sd II the principal j. puneually paid
" " SAMf.. P. HALVES, .7dntnistrdor.
lam - 7G-l3,20l9.J'
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13

GLOVER SEED &c.a5o bushels superior Mountain Clover
" Seed
80 bushels Herds Grass Seed
81 d. Orchard do.
% hlJs Porto Rru, 81. Crois and clarified sugar
% loscs and ~ bll-. singl. and donic loaf io.
o5n bags Rio, Iarnayra and Old Java Coffee
80 hhds and % bls Porto Rico, New Orleans and Trinidad
Nolasses
$40 sacks Liverpool blown salt
20 bbls. pure Cider Vinegar
300 tierces Thomaston Lime
100 boxes Bunch Raisins
800 kegs Nails, assorted sizes
100 boxes by 10 and ~ by IL Glass
100 do. Soap
100 do. sperm and iaGw Candies a..
Sole Leather Gnpowdrr and hiaes Tea, q hr' qaa'y'
Cheese starch, Bed Cords il.u. l,.'s, c'o" 'a'"'
lCGo KEGS pupont's sporting ard blasting Powder
tons Shot ~ - ...
o0 ton; Iron consisting o wedts, Tredrrar and County,
rompsnr an assortment: u nearly Ill sizes
Nail Rods, assorted sizes
: do American liistrr,i steer
do Hoop /. English BlIstcred Steel
| do Cast Steel
81 dnzpn simmons Axes :, ,.
roop Iron Band Iron Plough Plates Mould Boards &C. &c
For sale. HoAihh't' '''"heDf." . "
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13

1JENBERS of the Assembly, and Strangers visiting The r'y
wi arc present large and varied Stock o
CHINA GLASS AND QEEENSWARE, embracing the follow
in.: .. ,
Elegant English Gilt Tea Scts-from SIS 10 So
Low nrirrd do. do. from 81 10 Sl0
Tnre Ware of various qualities and prices
Ricl, China aud other Sheboard and Table Pitchers
French China Plain White and White and Gilt Fruit Baskets
Richest Cut Glass )eranters Bowls and Pitchers
Ia do. Tumbers, Wines and Jclics
Rest plain French do do. do
Latest patterns Cut Hall Lamps
Celery Glasses
Sweet meat Dishes
SAIL Stands, Sc.
An which nrc offered moderate prices.
WM. +. BUTLER, tirec doors dJors Bel Taqsra.
Ian n .i-wiyf
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13

nISIDESD- President aud Directors OF the Bank oil Nlr-
~ rnia have declared dividend from the profits Of the 's'i
u,inn FOR lie last per the cai
stock subject deduction u the bonus of the COMMONWEALTH
Of one fourth of per cent. on the new stock .
j. w. PEGRAM, Cashier
-, 16-aw
CABINET MAkING.-IhP subscribers rrsactilly
- 10 their aud the public, land the friends oi The late
Rul rnorc business heretofore conducted under The
firm III Paorc Roper sf continued nj the old stand,
on Governor street under the IN part for the bent
~ Mrs purrc They have hand elegant collection Of Fur
n,rc NJ their manufacture, which they will warrant and
,yhich they offer nj prices suitable 10 the times.
TNDERrAkINt;.-1try also inform the public they still give
,,rrur att non Undertaking. and WILL heretofore al
tend to that part the business with pro,ness and despatch
BENZ. w. EOrER,
Surririrg Partners e firm Poore, Nurrcy Rop,r.
Ian
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13
THE soUTH-WEsrERS ROAD.


The Compiler notices The letter written BY the j.
tor of the Lynchburg vrginian, a Delegate r.,
Campbell,) speaking Of the bill, which has been Z
ported 10 the II. Of ID. Tor authorizing the construct
on State account, Of Mcidamised road from %
point on Tie Tennessee line 10 buchanan, on j-a
River, that point, says tile Editor being esgna'el
: to of the Committee on Roads, who reported y
b-This decision, he continues, If adhered 10 ~
defeat the bill, the passage Of which in tie mos, ".
ceptionabc form would be matter Of great doubt. "
argument that governed the committee was that Z;
10 buchanan would be- - miles shorter than 10 l..
burg The Editor thinks this depends upon The !.
whether or no, route may be found that MI ~.
Lynchburg as near tie Tennessee line, and when w.
BIZ preferable TO that By Salem to Buchanan. ms -
| route has i more Southern location passing " y
meadows of Goose Creek in Bedford, through ffaL'
lin and Floyd. The delegates from those counties so
tend that this route should be examined before ~
decision is made. Unless this be done, Il IS sad ~
will oppose the BILL and with their AID u -
predetermined. The writer hopes, however 10.
House may alter the bill and give it more acefF'-
| form"
"Monday, (says the ComPiler,) Mr. lo.t'
troduced a resolution which the House ~.
calling upon the Principal Engineer to con-
nicate TO the House the most eligible route -,
adopted, and at what point shonld unite WIN 'iie
River and kanawha Canal, whether a 'ha'ifoaI .i
Adamizet road would be best, aud what WON =
rate of trans pot,aton THIS resolution vas ~
elected by the decision Of the Committee q
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1842-01-13

,-rh> exclusive hoics received Tor duties an"
l SUBSEQUENT 10 3sl n,ccins FsJ which not report
.d on for record ON The I'd march, !-il the accounting oleis
InrasvRY Drr>bTMESI,
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12

THE United STATEs-MExIcO-TEx'
AS We hardly know how TO cOnstrue the
curious information embodied 10 the next
paragraph from the New Orleans Bee Of
the 221 uli.
"MYsTERIOUs.- Yesterday evening Mr.
Spencer, son OF the Secretary OfWar, ar
rived post haste from Washington, with
dispatches tor President Houston, Of
Texas. We learn that he applied to The
Mexican consul here for passport TO
travel through Texas. The Consul re.
fused to give him one; but Countersigned
his credentials received from the United
States Government. Mr. SpencSr's in-
struCtions. we learn, were to place his
dispatches in the hands of President
Houston in person,
"Now we confess that this proceeding
is beyond our comprehension. Upon what
grounds solemn Stficial document, ISSUED
to an extraordinary express, could acquire
any weight by being countersignsd bv the
Mexican consul passes our faculties 10
divine more particularly as MIR. Spencer
was destined TO republic which has
been formerly recognized by the United
States Government av an independent
State, Ifa commission, issued by the
Secretary Of State to an express travelling
on Government business, needs the 30.
lemnizationof Mexican Gunctionary to
give i force and efficacy in Texas. tits
nearly time for US 10 hang up our fiddle,
and caper to the minstrslsy Of the tam
Dor and cGstanet.
"Mr. Spencer loft in the steamship N
York, last evening. Ifhe has occasion 10
use his credentials, we trust he will stand
upon the protection Of his own Govern.
ment and not that ofthe Mexican consul
flour own Government cannot protect a
foreign commission, il ought moi to issue
one; to call upon the Mexican consul 10
ratify q Government paper, is-littls short
Of ignominy. We would not give a quid
Of tobacco for forty Mexican passports,
live had one from the United States.
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12
ARRIVAL oF TnE CoLUMRIA.

The steamship Columbia arrived at Hal
flax oil the 25lh. Her passengers and
mails were forwarded to Boston by the
Unicorn, and arrived on Sunday
week.
The Columbia met with a succession
Of western gales, and on the l4th day
out, her main shaft gave way, and she
had recourse TO her sails and one en-
gine,
She met with upwards Of one hundred
and fifty icebergs.
By this arrival we have Liverpool dates
to the 4th, and London to the evening o.
the Sd ult.
In the British Parliament, the strong
conservative majority continue TO sustain
the DoIicy Of Sir Robert Peel in regard
IN ,be C6rn Laws. TheApaIoEity on Mr..
Viller,s amendment 10 IPrd j. Russel's
mo,ion. ~" which involved tie question Of
corn Is, or no corn law, was voted down
~ ! majority Of 3O5 in favor Of corn law.
i; Z syidens fiom this that the Cabinet
nossesses strength which no other Cab.
met has attained for many years.
FRANCS has NOT ratified the treaty IN
relation to the slave trade, Lord Aber-
deem had exchanged ratifcations in Lon.
don with Arista, Russia and Prussia, and
ii was left open for the French to ratify
at future day, Considerable sensation
was created in Paris. BY The news that
the other powers had dacted wiihouiFTauce
and the funds fell, in consequence, near
" half per cent 4 delay orfout months
hes beenl asked and obtaind for the
Fronch Government to ra1ly the right Of
search.
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12
LATER FROM TEXAS.

The "Duke of Orleans" brings dates
from New Orleans to the 26th Of March
The Mexican invasion seems envelOp
ed in doubt. The Bulletin regards it as
a serious matter and supposes that the
retreat of the Mexicans was ruse,
to draw the Texans into ambuscade.
II this be so, the invasion may be re-
garded as no light matter. Arista is a
brave soldier, and is one of the best tact;-
clans in Mexico; and will make strong
effart to subdue Texas.
A letter ftom Galveston dated tho 22d
inst, estimates the number Of Mexicans
at 81 600. 1t alao states that in spite Of
the disturbed hines, the cause of morals
continues to progress; the Temperance
Society in that place numbers l75 mem-
bers, and q new church has just been
opened.
On the 10Th ult. the citizens Of Mata-
gorda, published an address 'tO the Ciii.
zens Of the Eastern Counties" II gives
facts obtained from two distinct sources.
A letter from Victoria Of the 10th ult,,
states that on the 18th, 1900 Mexicans
were expected at San PatriciO, being the
advance guard of 5000, Another letter
of the same date reports 5000 Mexicans
advancing in the lower country by the
Matamoras road, and 10000 on the road
to San Antonio. These statements ore
confirmed by spies, who had seen = large
body Of Mexicans supposed to be 5000
Is miles west Of Nueces. The Commit
tee conclude their address, thus:
"From the above facts if there is not q
prompt turnout by The Middle aud East
ern counties, the enemy will Iavage and
Overrun our conntry. Gin. GGs.
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12

TOWNSHIP ELECTIoN.--Th Collowin o
officers for Pleasant township were elect.
ed on Monday the Ath instant.
Justice Of The Peace; David FcrriOr.
Constable; Themas J, SliverS, .e
Trustees Adam Fore, John Donsld.
son, jeremiah Purdum. -.
Clerk John 7. Smiley.
Treasurer; John Kay.
Assessor; William StapIeton.
OrerSeers Of the Peer; James H
King, Orsamus Johnston.
Fence ViGwers; Absalom King, yacot
Eylar, Preston w. Sellers.
Supervisors; Samuel Wiley, Vincent
NJ. Crabb, James Campbell, Jacob New
land, Samuel King, Cornelius Drake
Silas Bayne, Robert RalstOn, Henry Lit
tie, James Givsns, o. P. Dugin, Alexan
Der Parker.
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12
sss5 .ss2.et5 S5l,l45,7Il

sSThe total import, il thus appears, is
about, l2i per cent. Of The same descrip,
tion of goods Manufactured in this coun..
sry. Now one Of tvo things is certain;
either increased duties do OF do not raise
he price Of goods TO the consumes. If
they ~ BEYOND that which is absolutely
necessary 70 the support Of the Govern.
men,,lhey are manifestly unjust, ,inasmuCh
as they TAX the many for the benefit Ofthe
few. II they do not raise the prices, as
ls sIlsQed by the advocates Of tariff, bul
that ths revenue is paid By the foreign
manufacturers, tho home manufactureTs
esn derive DO benefit whatever from z tar
iiE; and il muat 81 The same TO him Wheth'
e ihefs ii duly or not. The factis,how'
eysr.and admits ofno cagil, that prices are
increased 81 The duties. II, sn the above
iuporis Of 81 900 600 resshus ofS,-
90 is 20 be raised 70 Fefund the pro.
esads cfthe publie lands voted away, Il
wilI olint % an ID yaloFem duty of0 per
cent hich will not only raise the price
eide imported goods 10 the same extent
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12

cratic papers have always, in fearless
manner, exposed and resented a violation
Of rights, advocated fee suffrage, and
cast their lot for, better Of worse with tho
peOplei that is the differences that is the
reason why YOU shoald support the dem
ocra,ic press. We repeat the injunction
support it-scatter its leaves in your
families, and now, as the evenings are
long and much time may be spent in
reading, Democrats look to it, that you
are well supplied with democratic papers
the expense will pay you ten fold here
.aGler-DOrer Gazette.
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12
THE STANDARD.
GEORGETOWN, APRIL 70, 1912.
FOR GOVERNOR OF OHIO,
WILSON SHANNON.
The Court Of C Common Pleas will be held
at this place on Monday the 25ih instant
MIR. FOOS,


The Loco Foco prints have been deal
ing in. pretty rough charges against Mr.
Foos, Senator from This district. We
have forBorne speaking on this subject,
believing that Mr.. FOos would " "sPesk
for himself" lie remains silent. This
will not do. A specific charge is made;
it requires an explicit answer.
The charge of which we speak, relates
to a bill to repeal the charter Of a certain
Turnpike Company"
The above is from the Ripley Tele-
graph, and is unusually candid for whig
editorial. "Rough charges" it is true,
have been made against Mr.. Foos; but
not rougher than the meanness of the act
Of which ne has been guilty deserves, mol
than truth will warrant. His own po
litical friends of the Senate neither at
tempt TO excuse nor paIIiate the offence
and Mr.. FOos himself stands mute, be
cause be cannot speak Of his conduc
without cOnlessing or increasing his guilt
viii he resign? or will he continue tC
disgrace this district by sitting during an
other session among those who canno
but dssEise him?
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12

lwenty-six States, by which alone reports
have been made to this Government; the
other six, to whom 50 ,s67 ,5l2 were dis
tributed having made no returns. So is
il likewise material TO observe that frac-
tions are, in all instances dscar-
ded; because, anxious TO present mere
y the general truth, | desire tonOt OBJ
scure it by immiterial particulars.
"ln the first plsce, then, out OF the last
instalnent, paid as if was in the notes OF
suspended banks, (worth on an aVrsge at
the time but about ninty cents in the dol
lar,) those institutions thus manitestly
gained, without an equivalent, near one
million of dollars. To this, next in order
are to be added 1854, 900, which inur-
ed 10 the benefit ofthe banks,in the form
of loans made to stock invested, and de-
posils made in them. Then, as recipi'
ents of this fund, come the private com
panies, incorporated mainly with view
10 internal improvements, and TO whom
S969,O00 went as stock and loans. AnC
finally, of the total sum, $lO,033 ,OOC
were distributed to the towns and coun
ties of the States, to be loaned by then
ras was generally the fact] TO banks Il
other corporations, and to the wealth!
few among the citizens who we're able Il
pledge property for its payment.
"Thus from an analysis of the report
made by twenty of the States, does it in
contestibly appear, that of the twent
five million two hundred and thirly.fou
thousand dollars, drawn first by the iaxin
power of this Government from the Who'll
body of the people, twenty million fv
hundred and ffty.six thousand inure
in its distribution, TO the benefit Of III
banking and other chartered associations
and to theslavored few--not the needy
but the rich-the towns and counties
whilst, on the other hand, but about fiv
millions lone 9Th ofthe great aggregate
was applied 10 public works undertake
by the States--to the payment of the
debts and their current expendlture-,h
only form in Which the people could fet
the benefit of the reduction OF their tal
es." ..
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12

Dictionary Of Arts, Manufactures and
Mines; by Andrew Ure, NJ. d., &c
We have received the first four numbers
Of this most valuable publication. Judg.
ing from the contents of the numbers be.
fore US, tho whole work will form the
most comprehensive and instructive ell
cyclopedia that has been published for
many years. The labor and expense that
have been bestowed upon It will doubt
less be amply rewarded by an extensive
subscription to the work.
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12
SUPPORT THE DEMOCRATIC
PRESS.

We have often pressed this subject up
on our readers before-we repeat tive
cannot press ii too often, until its import.
ance is fully and fairly appreciated. We
appeal TO friend and foe--support the de-
mocrat'c press: in its triumph and sup
port, yoft dearest interests are involved
It is now and always has been, the most
free, Independent and GntrGmmeled-it lis
history is known, and We make no bare
assertion on the ignorance Of the commu.
nifty, The democracy have no presses
bought up or mUrtgagsd 70 United
States Bank, controlled and begging even
an existence for SO many dollars and
cents. Bankers, financiers; aud specula-
tOEs'haVe always sought federal OF neutral
prints TO subseFve their ends. The aFls'
tocracy and opulenl have btibed the same
kind for their purposes --and meas ure
restricting o. destroying Che rights Of The
people always meet with support from
such presses. On the other hand, demo
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12

sell At six dollars, so will the other fVs
yards, being Of ne same quality, sell at
six dollars per yard, for the same reason;
and for tbs same reason, too, the Ameri-
can manufacturer Of the five yards will
ask six dollars per yard for it, and the far
mer have to pay that for it-that is to say
the farmer will have to give for six yards
instead Of thirty dollars, as'before the tar
iff duty was imposed, thirty six dollars, TO-
gsther with the merchants interest and
profit upon the six dollars whichha been
by the operation Of this tariff duty added
to the cost ofthe cloth to him before he
sells il to the farmer. This interest and
profit amounts together, as I have shown
in the case Of the coffee, to at least thirty
nine and third per cent. the interest be-
ing six, and the profit being thirty three
aud third per cent.And these added TO the
six dollars will make eight dollars and thir-
ty-six cenis-the amount the farmer is
compelled to pay for the six yards Of cloth
over and above what he did pay for the
same quality of cloth, before the tax or
duty was imposed. Of this eight dollars
aud thlrty-six cents, the Government gets
but the one dollar which it imposed as a
duty on the yard Of foreign, and out Of
that dollar, as was shown in the case of
the coffee, ten cents goes to its officers
and agents for collection, leaving in the
Treasury but ninety cents Of net revenue.
If then to get ninety cents of net revenue
the Government has 10 impose burdens
on the people to the amount Of eight dol
lars and tbirty-six cents, what burdens
must It impose to get three millions oI
net revenues
Upon the particular pOntI will say no.
ting more, than to read an extract from
one Of the money articles Of the New
York Herald. But cannot do this, with
out remarking, in justice to the author ol
those articles, that for year or two past
th9y have, in general, displayed a very
uncommon industry and ability, aud great.
" aided 10 displacing error and exposing
the frauds and corruption with which the
country has been so long afflicted, through
its corporations, its currency, its stock
iobbers aud paper mongers.
The article proceeds:
"There are in tho United States 5000,
600 OF active people employed in the diff
Ferent pursuits, according 10 the late eau
ses. Ofthese, 10 per cent. or SOC, ,OOC
are employed in manufacturers Of all des
criptions. These people want The rem
aiming 4,50O,OOO to pay additional taxes
for their exclusive beneft--or, 10 Othe
words, they wish to compel them 10 buy
only Of the manufactures in this country
By turning to the census table, we get the
value Of all the goods manufactured in the
United States. To them we have added
the value Of the same articles imported in
the same year, forming the following table
Manufactures Of the United States and
imports Of maHuf featuring goods IN 1888
and 1910.
Democratic standard. [volume] (Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio) 1837-1850, 1842-04-12

CONGRESS is still doing nothing for the
"relief of the people" The proceedings
are very unihseres,ing. The retrench-
ment movement in the House has result,
ed in the discharge of four or FIVE clerks
and messengers.