The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1842-10-14
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more than its extreme width, down TO the bottom
OF the ravlne, foundation wall is built up solid TO
support the conduit, precisely similar In Its charac-
ter 10 the section marked A; with this exception,
however, that IN crossing ravInes under ordinary
circumstances the outside Of the foundation wall ID
not finished so smoothly, because between II and
the protection wall there is generally mass of earth
VaryiUg from 70 10 80 feet in width.
ne view marked ID. represents Il section OF q tun-
mel IN rock cutting. ] his opening 10 about feet
high, Qarger than most) bu. OF the same width ~
o'her tunnels; there Is very little spandnl backing
required IN this part OF The work. although the sides
are all built with outer coat OF large stone and an
inner racing oil Dick, with an inverted arch Cine size
nches) and two feet of concre.e beneath this
The roots in these tunnels are not formed of brick
arch as IN earth or open work tunnels, but is FORM
ed by the original body OF the rock in which the
tunnel is cut But the sides are made and built up
water tight above the water line Of the aqueduct,
and even up TO height of seven feet in the clear.
Inc view marked b. is properly termed a gate
chamber, Tor receiving water from the common
aqueduct this chamber is OBJECT wide, and the main
walls, to form sort OF reservoir, are ten feet high,
from which rise high side walls, and over these are
placed cupola root. From such chamber a. this
the water is carried straight across Harlem BRIDGE
and in a syphon form across Manhattan Valley in
four iron pipes OF three feet in diameter, placed side
by side, or as above represented.
Such are the details OF the mode of building our
modern aqueduct in various sections Of the same.
CLENDENNING BRIDGE.-This bridge il constructed
over valley or the same name, that Is situated
about equally distant between 95th and l02d streets.
The greatest depression is 80 feet below top of aque
duct, and the valley Is 1900 feet across.
The line OF aqueduct runs 100 feet westerly of,
and parallel 10, the 9th Avenue.
In the plan of the city, streets are laid out, but
not yet opened, that cross the aqueduct Al right an
giles. For three OF the streets archways are con-
strueted under The aquednct for Their accomu sd4-
non "hen tnsy my o. %. eHed Tor use. The arun
ways Tor eac. street are one Tor csnit geway OF 80
teet span, ANA an arch on each s.de lIr side walks
OF lOa feet span. The sly OF masonry ID Flmilar
10 that before described Tor the Sing Sing bridge,
and the same method OF open walls and cast iron
lining is also adopted. That part of the Bridge
which has provision for street arches composed
OF a continuous wall OF masonry, carried up on a
Devil OF liz It's rise, 10 the grade line of the aque-
duct, where II is 30 feet wide the outside or face
OF this wall for foot in breadth, is laid in n.y.
drauc mortar, and the remainder is laid dry. The
method OF laying up this dry ina soury was 10 lay
course OF large stone IN such a manner as TO give
them the greatest sohdity, and within few inches
OF each other ; after the course was laid the
work, the lnIerstices were thoroughly filed with
small broken stone well pounded IN, and levelled
up 10 receive the succeeding course. After the
foundation carried ap to the proper height for
the conduit masonry, parapets of hydraulic masonry
were carried up 10 the level OF the roofing arch OF
conduit, between which the conduit masonry OF the
usual form (eXcepung The side walls, which were IL
inches extra thckness) has been constructed, and
covered with eauh 10 project he sidesHnu ~ nom
ifost the esItl covering oelng ccurcc ~ slrlng
earned Oyer from lafpp"t 20 Plr"fet Tins pdlt Of
the WORK presents avery suhst"nia aI.1 tl bed ap-
pearjtBce.
RECEIVING RrstEvoR This reservoir is 1926
feet long ard so ,ret Wdr ana inc id'n. It's EN-.
bankmcnis, conuias - % acres aud lis ~ top
water Inc, 81 acres, divided INTO two d,ysIons the
northern DIVISION - Designed 10 contaln 20 feet
depth of water, and The southern 30 feet in depth.
The reservoir has capacity Tor lJO,00U 900 imperial
gallons, as 1t now stands.
DISTRIBUTING RESERVOIR This reservoir occu-
pies the highest ground in the vicinity, and higher
than any part OF the city south OF II; the site is gene
rally known as Murray Hill. In order to maintain
of ne kyiIp WAS IN xlne
the walls OF the reservoir 10 an average height OF
ADJ feet above the grade o the streets that bounded
II on three sides; the creates height being AZ feet,
and the least 81 feet the foundations were sunk
| live feet below the grade oi The streets. The walls
, are OK hydraulic stone masonry, constructed with
! openings, 10 reduce the quantity OF masonry and
| masonry, thorough pudded enbanl ment OF suit.
able earth Is formed, 5St feet wide at the line of
reservoir bottom, and soplng the inside face
and hail 10 Tor "a feet high and one 10 one
| for the remaining 10 feet high, and making with
| the walls on top, width of IL feet the faces of
the banks are lined with course OF rubbe bydrau-
nc masonry 10 inches thick, and COPIED with dressed
stene. The bottom IS very impeTvious hard pan,
on which two feet of puddled earth is laid and this
covered by IL inches of hydraulic concrete. The
reservoir is divided into two divisions by wall Of
bank of pudded earth is raised Is feet high. and
covered with rubble masonry this wall is 10 feet
thick at the bottom, f. thick at top water line,
and tour feet at top. In this wall waste weir u
from which the waste water enters a sewer in I'D
street, and passes off about one mile to the Hudson
river. In each division there. is q waste cock to
draw the water from the bottom. The reser-
ir is designed for thirty-six feet Of water
and when full will stand lis feet above mean tide.
The walls rise feet above the water line. An iron
railing to be placed around the walls on top OF the
conice The capacity of this reservoir is 900
imperial gallons.
CONTRACTS. The frs, contracts for work on the
aqueduct were made IN April, 1887; at which time
kvSt
in consequence of the proposals being considered too
high, only about half of il contracted for. About
the middle ofMay, the contractors generally entered
on the work contracted for In Sept following,
about l6miles were put under contract; in May
1888, the balance OF the line TO Harlem river was put
under contract; and the work the island in Octo-
Der following
WATER LET rN-The water was let in from the
dam, June %, 1872. and admitted into the distribu-
ting reservoir, July 4, 1912. There is much work
be done the Dam, and both reservoirs but all ex-
cept Harlem Bridge will be done this year. The
latter will require years to finish In the mean
time temporary bridge conveys the water across the
river.
CRoroS DAx-The Croton reservoir, (which has
received the name of Croton ake,) covers about 40
Of land, and is available reservoir for co.,
900 900 imperial gallons OF water, above the level
that would allow the aqueduct to discharge Is co.,,
90 gallons per day. The flow of the Croton 10 about
n, 100000 gallons in weniyiour hours at the lowest
stages which continues, with moderate rises by
casonal rains, from two TO three months in the year
This may be considered the minimum capacity Of
the river When the wants OF the city shall require
daily supply of 80 600 900 gallons, it will neces-
sary during the OF lowest water TO draw dali
y from this reservoir S000,0O0 gallons, TO make up
the deficiency the natural flow OF the river. This
amount the reservoir would supply for 81 days, with
out aid from occasional rains; which may safely be
relied upon, to keep up the required supply from the
reservoir beyond any draught we have ground to ap
pehend The supply Of the Croton, from ts daily
flow, aided by this reservoir, may therefore be taken
with great confidence at $4,000, 900 gallons.
LAND.-The total quantity of land bought by the
Corporation Tor the Aqueduc:, is 1871 acres at an
expense Of 1897, 40i25
Thus, then, nave we traced this most noble work
OF modern times from It's source to lbs terninaiion'
And now II Is finished, the quantity OF water dei-
vered by II WILDE, IT necessary, bo,0OOW OF gar
Ions daily. The contrast, therefore, WIN homs,
In