Mobile register and journal., 1841-12-16
is MESSAGE.
2 fha sfaais aAd H,hs, of Reersgrrtaiilfi

pie have char ged us, seNeray, find great occason
 rejoice in the general prosperity of the country We ara m the enjoyment of all the blessings of civil and religious liberty, with unexamped means oi edn- cation, knowledge and improvement. Through the year which now drawing to Il close, peace has been
 in our borders, and plenty in habitations; and a
 though disease has visited some few portions ot ths
 land with distress and mortality, yet in general the health of the People has beea preserved, and w9 are all called upon. by tine highest obligations ot duty, 10 renew our thanks and devotion to our Heavenly
 Pareai, who has continued to vUuchsae to us the eminent blessings which surround us, and who has SD sisnaly crowned the year with his goodness. If we
 find ourselves increasing, beyond example, in num-
 hers, m strength, in wealth, in Knowledge, in every thing which promotes human and social happinesa,
 let us remember our dependence, iJr ali these, on the protection and inerciul dspensatons of Divine Prosidonce
 Since your last adj journmcni, Alexander Mcleod, British subject, who was indicted for the murder of an American citizen, and whose case has been the suhjsct of correspondence heretofore communicated to you, hs been acquitted by ths verdict oi all i'i- partial ani intelligent jury, and has, under the judg
 nent of the court, been regularly discharged.
 Great Britain having made known to this Govern ment that the expedition which was fitted out from Canada for the destruction of the steamboat Caro-
 line, in the winter of 1857, and which resulted in
 the destrlcton of said boat, and in the death of an American citizen, was undertaken by orders . ting from the authorities of the British Government,
 in Canada, and demanding the discharge of Mcleod
 
 he did bat fulfil the orders of his Government, has thus been answered in the only way in which she could be answered bS Goyernnil nt, the powers of wh :h distributed among ilA several departments
 by the fundamental law Happily for the people of Great Britain, as well as those of the United States the only mode by which ine idual, arragned for criminal offence, before the sc urts uf either,
 obtain his discharge is by the independent action of
 the judiciary, and by proceedings equally familiar to the courts of both countries.
 
 to be entered ngie p5ossqi, which is the
 case with the Executive power of the United States upon prosecution pending in a State Court; yet thes, than here, the chief Executive pow
 prisoner from custody without order of the proper tribunal directing hIs discharge The
 precise state of the proceedings which such order
 may be made, is matter of municipal regulation clusisely, and not to be complained of by any ether Government. In cases of this kind, Government
 becomes politically responsible only, when It's trbu- nals of last shown to have rendered unjust and injurious judgments in matters not doubtful. To the establishment and elucidation of this principle
 nation has lent it's authority efficiently than Great Britain. Alexander Mcleod having his op-
 ton either to prosecute writ of from the de- cision of the Supreme Court of New York, which had been rendered upon its application for dis charge, to the Supreme Court of the United States to submit his to the decision of jury, pre- ferred the latter deemng it the readest mode of ob tainng his liberation, and the result has fully ed the wisdom of his choice. The manner in which the submitted was tried. will satisfy the Eng fish Government that the principles of justice will fail to govern the enlightened decision of an American trbmial.-l cannot fail, however, to sug- ges to Congress the proprety, and, in degree, the necessity of making such provisions by law, so far us they may constituionay to do so for the moval at their commencement, and at the option of the party, of all such may hereafter arise, and winch may involve the faithful observance and execution of our international obligations from h. Statp in the Eeda Iu.tc Ina by our institutions, IS charged with the maintenance of peace and the preservation of anicable relations with he nations of the earth, and ought possess, without question, all the reasonable and proper of maintaining the and preserving the other. Whilst just confidence is felt the Judiciary of the States, yet this Government ought to be compe.ent in itself for the fulfment of the high duties which which have been devolyed upon it under the organic law, by the States themselves.
 In the month of September, party of armed mea from Upper Canada inv ded the territory of the Uni ted States, and forcibly seized upon the person of one Grogan, and, under circumstances of great harshncss, hurricIy carried him beyond the limits of the United States, and delivered him up to the au- horities of Upper Canada. His immediate discharge ordered by those authorities, upon the facts of the being brought to their knowledgc-a course of procedure which was to have been expected from Il aation with whom we are at peace, and which was not due the rights of the United States, than to ils own regard for justice. The correspondence which passed between the Department of State, and the British Envoy, Mr. Fox, and with the Governor of Vermont. as soon as the facts had boen made known to this Department, are herewith commun- caed.
 I regret that II IS not in my power to make known you and equally satisfactory conclusion in the case of the Carolinc steamer, with the circumstances con nected with the destruction of which, in December, 1857, by armed force fitted out the Province of Upper Canada, you already marie acquainted.- No such atonement as was due for the public wrong T-.. al. n rory, SO wholly irreconcilable with her rights as an independent power, has yet been made. In the view taken by this government, the inquiry whether the vessel was in the employment of those who were unauthorized war against that Pro- vince, or engaged by the owner in the business of transporting passengers to and from Navy Is lands in hopes of private gam, which most probably the case, degree alters the real question at issue between the two governments This government can conccde to any foreign Government the power, except in of the most urgent and extreme ne- cessity, of invading its territory, either the persons destroy the property of those who may have violated the municipal laws of such foreign Go- vcrnmeni, have disregarded their obligations ari- sing under the law of nations. The territory of the United States must be regarded sacredly secure asainsi all such invasions, until they shall yoluntar ly acknowledge their inability to acquit themselves of their duties to others. And in announcing this sentiment, do but affirm principle which nation earth would be mare ready lo v.dicate, al all ha Sards man tDe people ana uofernihcnt or Great Brl tain.
 If npon full investigation of all the facts, it shall appear that the owner of the Caroline was governed by hostile intent, or had made common cause with those who were in the occupancy of Navy Island, then far he s concerned, there can be no claim to indemnity for the destruction of his boat, which this Government would feel itself bound to prosecute
 since he would have acted not only in derogation of the rights of Great Britain, bat in clear violation of the laws of the United States; but that is question which, however settled, in no manner involves the higher consideration of the yi.lation of territorial and jurisdiction. To recognise it as an practice that each government, it's turn upon any sudden and unauthorized outbreak, which, on frontier, the extent of which renders il mpossi- of it, and which out break, therefore, neither may be able to suppress in day, may take vengeance into it's hands, and without even remonstrance, and ih the absence ofany pressing overruIing necess- ty, may invade the territory of the other would eyiably lead results equally be deplored by both When border collisions come to receive the sanction, or to be made the authority of either government, general must be the inevitable result. While it is the ardent desire of tic United States cultivate the relations of peace with all nations and to fulfil all the duties of good neighborhood towards those who possess territories adjoining their owa that very de- sire would lead them to deny the right of any foreign power to invade their boundary with an armed force. Tine correspondence between the two sGovernments l Dn this subject, will, future day of your session, be submitted to your consideration; and in the mean
 me, cannot but indulge the hope that the British will the proprety of renouncing, as rule of future action, the precedent which has been ret in the affair at Schlosser.
 herewith submit the correspondence which has | recently taken place between the American Minister It the Court of St. James. MT. Stevenson, and the Minister of Foreign AiaIrs of that Government, on he right claimed by that Government to visit and