New-York tribune., 1841-04-14

nk 20 the depth o: iorty feet. opening generally becomes
horizontal and Of widh varylnz from t'o Hc'is- % io-
feet Il this opening there seneray iornd sed sie' u
ore alerns 70 the upper rock. and oeaea'A II : .o1l @
ciav which, when removed the MINER VIII sr.i
breaks down the mineral froEl a'ove when he pms '
-1b ari : drawn ~ tne surface OF ile sFoI'1 =
vinda-- Sometimes the horizontal assure Is oi-E " sun
rier width to contain the mineral a7 the sheet aihe7 %
% ,i lower and upper rock. IN when case i requires '-1oi
more labor 10 remove il. the rocN ia- INST 20 o
-~ beneath y hch requires -kir hister oH' i1o- III.
horizontal opening ih.Ie ! frequently another 4hdc.t
one which leads down si line-ocN aoo' "Acii
last awav. found another hcr.zoHia! opening "h" 'o
,,ir -hec; OF lead which : =eac-7: tf'cHeE @ =
ary ohe- depth Al tn, depth The miners are put 10 nach
aec on account Of water and II oTe! 10 aN ''
di:cul-v a much possible they snS basin IN "'h 70
drain the water and draw II from thence 10 Ae -''e ~
barrel. a. necessity requires. L NAY oe "oF''2 o Fe.
mat this water. although mixed aad running Over rii %
buets i of the purcs qualify oi sfriag water aid leC
altiv 80 much that the miner. Use i we al ''oFS
rhe 6eets Of ore found these horizontal assures are more
a, I. mixed with spurious metallic substances "ch rem
iers the less yaue than the Two l7si casse IL I'VE
rage Yield j. about scvcn,y-tvyo per cent.
substance called BIZ the n';ner> Black Jack l. some
tines found in large quantities in thee openings and wneh
80 much resembles gaea that inexperienced miners are often
deceived bv taking it hr pure In appearance II i
-ery similar to the rrotoxye OF lead and when exposed tn
the air il iecorposes rapidly. leaving substance >nLaF N
appearance small pieces of -lae and when exposed 20
strong haa i emit, large quaitic, OF -ulphlrc sloNe:
ao r;neerti< o the substance entirely disappears Sinai!
with th species Of ore pieces %; ounces weight have
been discovered At the edge OF ths sheet substance
known among miners by the Of drybonc Is found
which h- the appearance Of melted quartz being very hari
j N T moro. and eel, u have been formed b, volcanic
action Mann If the miner, believe be The iniii state
OF lead ore the fact of il having small portions OF ore
rbcdlcd in and. what is somewhat Singular the ocaso-
nal shape Of the ore much better preserved II these ri-
ces than in any other species OF the Dry-oone when
EXPOSED to sropg heat loses nothing but small portion o
supur which in combination with the particles OF ore no
effort has vet succeeded in di>>ovins the substance
Another substance found in 'l opening in great abundance
cg,tazed sulphur which, consequence o IL b-ns IN
con,ci with gacua and entering combination with Il 80
easily gre>h appearance which renders the value OF
the ore dcceptive Sulphur At this depth Is also
found in combination with lead and arsenic iosetheT 20 t
it presents when broken beautiful appearance the small
particles having the appearance Of omcn but ITS color OF
a greyish cast.
.Yust mineral i species of mineral Of somewhat 'ingu-
lar formation j. sometimes found the depth OF three or
four feet from the surface OF the ground internnsed WI"
sand and cay and in small particles about the size OF gram
sand /, ha. bright and sparkling appearance when taken
from the earth and separated from the clay and sand 10y
being placed filter Ill swift current o; water the sand
and CLAY being washed wh the mineral IRON It's --
cifc gravity sinks through the filter into bax beneath
This mineral undcrgoes the process OF smelling WITH less heat
than anv other except the ash mineral yet does not weld
much per of the metal H. however, has never been
found in large quantities. and considered OF but little vauc
Float mineral Is small detached pieces OF as! mineral
sh have by the washing of the rains and repeated rostS
become exposed 1t Is found in The bottom of rivincs
and upon the side of the bluffs where i clear Of grass
seldom found except small pieces of about all ounce III
weight ard considered OF importance further than 1t de-
notes the existence OF body OF mineral IN is vicinity
rRoCiSS OF sMI ting.
The first process observed after the discovery of the mines
smelling in log furnaces which constructed in the
following Il wall ot about two feet in thickness.
eighteen feet in length and feet in hight erected al
the lower side of small hiock with inclination OF about
hrive degrees, and from the cxtrcnues OF This wal! two
wings were bull; on the upper side thereby making hole"
space of triangular form. nj the bottom ot when small tue
left for the double purpose OF giving dragn to the re
and for the lead when melted into vessel placed be-
meath from winch put into the mollds by lad!c-
when the furnace finished logs rolled into the space
the upper side and the lead inernnslcd with asots
and charcoal until the space hedup when the logs we're
ented and melted the ore. destroyed the combination o
the lead with the sulphur. When the heat wasnot sufficiently
intense quick-mc thrown TO increase H. But II vas
ascortnncd that the beat could be made of sufficient In
by tins process obtain NIL the lead the mineral
aincd consequently cupoa constructed III the
following large first built to which was
connected stack chimney of from forty 10 ity feet IN
hight, for the purpose of giving dragh 10 the ire,
and thereby the heat the mineral then placed
this inteninsled with charcoal tagots and qclime
when the combustibe ignited and the oven with the
exception small vcni-holeS closed up. and The lead
separated from the sulphur iuk the bottom o t2
and drained of into BASIN from which Is dippcd by
ladies moud>. But these furnaces. from the cost OF con-
and from the need OF repair have given
way blast furnaces. which generally used These
constructed similar blacksmith forge having large
bellows which worked by water-powcr. and the mineral
after being beaten up into small particles placed the
forge IN small quantities mixed viii. charcoal. lime. and small
pieces oi pine or m wood where. by the o. the bel
lows. strong heat produced The lead. when pari;cd
runs of on an inclined apron into iron vessel from which
: dppcd into nouds These furnaces. when we'll
aged the produce more cl than others
roduccd butan Inexperienced seleg may produce contrary
effects with them in several way for instance much
ts e. Il % ! hc i
portion of the lead VIII corlbine with the charcoal and lime
ans form slug should the hea, be great the lead i
rendered brittle and OF an inferior qlaltity-
The chemical change produced the smelling OF lead i.
that the sulphur j driven of by means oi The hca;. The
charcoal the absorb the oxygen which la>. by
exposure the arr combined with the the lime -lSo
aborb the ulphuTic acid which formed by the
the sulphur OF The mineral the oxygen Of the air and the
ter from the wood which forms sulphate OF hmc. The
metal being thus freed from other substances by the heat be
fused and from il specific gravity. sinks the bot
tom and runs of.