davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

1 TP We last week published notice OF 'he rob-
bsrv Of the Jacksonville Baak and The destruction
n the Books Of the Institution. It appears thar
,te rotber was TIE late Teller ofsae Bank--named
n. D. Towx. Hs wa, arrested and confessed the
,olber, TO Col MarHEE. Town destroyed tie
Books for he purpose Of celebrating ell evidence
il ssries offspudsent acts, : hich be had preyi-
ousIy cor~nitted. H. states that the whole SUE
used BY hin was less than $1,000. which viii be
she onl, deficit, he returned tie stolen funds
COL M,ther.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05
Frcm the Baltimore Pasris,, Jsls, 81
FprTIF Ir,ATrrS hill


The bill making appropriations for for,
tiiicaiions, for ordnance, and for prevent
ing and suppresSing lad an bostiliiies
which has been for some days before ih-
House If Representatives, passed that
body yesterday, by vote OF Ids TO &c.
TINS bill provides for making approptiu.
lions for repairs Of the following forts,
&C., (s5 600, each, 10 vii, West Head
battery, in Boston hafbDr; Southeast bat.
ry, Boston harbor; old Fort at New Bed
tord harbor; Forts al Annapolis, Md. ;
Forts Caswell aud Johnson, SC. at the
tnuulhol Cape-Fear river; continuing sea
wall u, 81. Augustine, Florida SEQ, Goo
Tor repais Of Fort independence, Boston
hathor I05, 600 for Fort Warren, Bos-
ton hal Dor $4,000 for Fort Adams, at
Newport; $4,000 for Qualifications al
New London and Fort Truubull, in Con-
nccticut 10, 900 for Fort Gsiswold, AT
New London, Connecticut $4,000 for
Fort Niagara- New York; $4,000 for
Fort Ontarlo, Oswego, New York ; TO-
300 for Fort Schuyler, New York harbor;
50, 900 for Fort Wood, Bedlow's Island,
New Tork Il 900 Tor forts on Govern
or's Island, Kew York 1000 for sea
wallotT Castle Willmm, Governors Island;
so, 900 for Fort Delaware, Delaware river,
(coaiingent j $4,000 for Fort Washing,
ton, Potomac river 1l5,000 for Fort
Monroe, Old Point Comfort, Va; $4,000
for Fort Sumter, Charleston $4,000 for
eike to Drunken Dick Shout, &C.; 3D.
900 FIR Foii Pulaski, Savannah river,
Georgia 0,000 for Fort Marion, Fia.
20, coo for Fort Piekens, Florida $4,000
for Fort Bsrayeas, Florida; 30 600 for
Fort Morgan, Mobile point, Alabama
10000 for Fort Livingston, louisiana
50, $50 FER other Forts near New Qfleans:
IS, 600 for contingencies Of loftfcaiions;
$3.50 for incidental exponsts Of repairs
of { r.iacations 25 coo for current ex.
penses o. ordnance rYice rs Geo for
putebas3 OF ordnance stores 100, COZ lor
armament Of Qualifications; 20,Go0 {. the
purchase OF salIpetre and birthstone.
For preventing and suppressing Iadian
hostilities, the following sums are appro.
pr'ated: $l9,38s, 02 for balance reqar-
"a, in addition 10 former appropriation,
for crreerag Of pay Of Florida militia
called out in 1870; 297 .2l392 for ar
rearaqes Of pay due for Florida militia,
by Brig. Gen. Reed, for six
months service zs,195,92 for errear-
a gees Of pay due to Georgia militia; 40,
0o0.40 for Quarter Masters Department.
Tho foregoing sums for preventing and
laalan hostiIties, are 10 be
expended uudeg the directioa OIL tho Sec
-et try of War.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

TdE NEW YoRK CUsToM House..
letter from New York says: The Custom
house investigation will probably be clos
ed next week, and the repor, of the COM
missionars be immt diately laid before tho
President. TIL re is good deal Of ankle.
" here, and presume elsewhere, TO know
to what extent the charges that have been
preferred against the late Collector and
his subordinate have been sustained.
Mr.. Hoyt, | understand, has not yet been
examined but will be called on this week.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

ErisCopAL CnuRcu At JERUSALEM -
The Malta Times says -" Some fort-
night ago, tie Rev. Mr.. Nicolayson and
Mr.. Johas Gan architscD were at Malta.
Oh lheie way 10 Jerusalem, with the object
Of erecting an Episcopal Church at the
Holy Cily. Cor correspondents mentions
that Ms. Nicolays}n had arrived at Con-
stanliaop'e with Instructions from Lord
Palmerston 10 obtain through the Brit sh
Anbass dor, frnan for the erection Of
this church, who il is said is muking every
effort TO procure the necessary sanction
Of the Porte"
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

Mr.. SPEAKER WHITE. II he a3mira-
bic manner in which the House Of Repre-
seniatiYes has, Of late, moved forward ia
despaiciing the business which has come
before it, has disappointed the editor oflhe
Globe exceedingly. lie first vented his
spleen against what he denomin ted the
gag law" But fading that which he
ca Is the gag law 10 be one olthe most pop
uar and admirable laws ever adopted by
HAT body, he now turns upon the sPEAX
Err and berates him. The energy, decis
ion aud promptness Of that officer, ia the
discharge Of his l4borious and responsible
duties, STAND in the way Of the Opposition
tactics. They hoped, by delay and pro-
erastinalion, to defeat The measures de-
manded by The condition of the country.
Their business, from the beginning has
been to clog the wheels al every step
But tho Speaker has taken care to keep
the wheels i'll motion, SO far as the pro
gress OF business has depend d on him.
This accounts for the abusive and viru-
lent attacks Of the Globe. AS the Globe
is seldom or never gully Of Repre- santlng
things t,uly, aud is always to be taken
by cou,raIis, and in reversed sense,
the inference 10 he drawn iron. its assault
upon the Speaker IS That he discharges
The difficult and arduous duties Of his sta
ton in faithful, just, upright, anl highly
acceptable manner. - adis0aian.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

LYNCH law.

Lynch las is law Of blood. Its de-
cisinns in some instances have lha show
o. justice to slightly palliate its deeds O
murder. But al the recent outbreak il
Kentucky, we are shocked beyond The
measure. II is The most unwarrantnbie
&C, that has ever been perpe:rated IN The
name Of the bloody monster. Let no
man talk to Us OF the responsibility OF
some Of the parties concerned. They
have the blood of the murdered men in
their skirts. The great rivers u the
West are not sufficient TO wash away the
stain. Nor can the fragrant flowers Of
their fertile land obscure the scent Of The
blood that wall SO with them to their
graves.
Tue public press, the mauy-mouthed
sscss, tina, speaks for the whole nation---a
press that is bound 10 keep our escutcheon
as People unsuliied, should hurl its an
alhemas, one aud all, against this damn,
Jag deed.
1t viii plant in many a thnugh,lcss
heart that entered this bloody list without
reasciion,.a pang that time can never re-
move. We would not, for all the wealth
Of every man concerned in the assault.
have the thought upon our dying pillow
that we even remotely helped in this deed
Of iniamy. We take this resolutc stand,
that we may set men to thinking. The
public mind must be purified and the rub
lie morals kept up TO q STANDARD that viii
not allow man to rashly take the ven-
gcance in his own hands. The blush OF
shame may not mantle upon LYNcuER's
check when he perpeiratts the offence,
but ia due season tbs whips Of conscience
vii lash him most severely when BE may
seel; mos. leryentiy for repose. We say
70 every c1an who participated in this
work Of drata--
Go 70 Yaur t5sar--
Knock therei ard ak your heart what it doth
Know.
Every violation OF this kind shakes
the stability OF law. Human was hanged
upon his own gsllows Robuspierre f5Il
uadcr tie bonds Of those he Ind taught
10 murder in rolI blood. Let every nun
who aided ia the Kentucky lyachiug be,
ware. Tncy have not only wronged
their country bat themselves aud their
Other baeters may ere long
lie in wait for them.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

VIM. III. Peyton, Of Roanoke, is spoken
OF as the next candidate for Govcrnor.or
Virginia. The name of General Edward
Warts, Of the same county, has also been
mentioned.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

The Baltimore Patriot says The loco.
loco postmaster at Winchester, Virginia,
having been remoy d. he set up whine OF
prescription, and with great faulty called
for the production Of any charges against
him. In mercy, the charges were KEPT
back but this iorbearence being mistak
CT, the removed postmaster only became
the more ciamorous. On this, throwing
aside ell pity, the charges have been fur.
nshed for publication, and appeared in the
columns Of the Wncheste, Republican
on tie 23l ult. They occupied with com
ments. two columns and a hafof that pa.
per. They are conclusive, and after read
ing them dismissed locofoco officers should
take waning not to ask for the charges
against them, as they may meet the fate
oil this ex-postmastcr.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

THE DERIVATION or WORLDS nthusi-
asm comts from Greek word meaning
God within us, aud adieu from the French
a d'en, meaning to God. or, commend
thee to God. Boston Tfaes.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

A Mrs. Flaugherty, OF Cumberland, in
this State, has presented her husband,
SAYS the Alleganian, with twelve children
IN five births, six at three and as many
more at two--al well. Nurses must DO
in dem nd in Cnmherllnh.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

The METHODIST CLERGY.-A large
and influential portion of the Wesleyan
Methodist Clergy in England, il is said,
are in favor Of wearing sacerdotal robes
We see it stated in Halifax paper that
the Rev. MIR. Buting, ar English Wesley.
an Method ST, lately appeared in fall robes,
similar to those worn by the Episcopal
clergy, as also another clergyman Of that
church, the ladies Of whose church had
presented him with a full suit, and in ad.
dition the London Wesleyan Magazine Tor
last month is emboilishcd with portrait
OF the Rev. Matthew Richey, Wesleyan
Minister at Toronto, Canada, 10 full robes
and collar.--N Y. Express.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

A ScRAr or iiIsroRY. During the scs.
sion Of Congress in 1916, a RESOLUTION
was introduced in the House OF Repre-.
sentative declaring that il was s'exped.-
ent to establish National Bank, with
branches in the several States" Mr.. Stan.
ford moved 10 strike out the worJs " with
branches in the several States" His mo.
ton was rejected by 1873 votes to IA; and
among the majority were Mr. Calhoun,
Mr.. Cu.hbert and Mr.. King, row mem
bers Of the Senate, Mr.. mgersoll now
again member Of the House Of Repre-
S ntative, MIR. Forsyth, late Secretary Of
State, AMI many other leading men yet
living. Tho resolution for bank with
branches was then agreed to, by ma
jariiy Of about forty votes, ali the a.
boye named genilp:n Il voting in favor Of
TX
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

SToRas- Hravr Rams esrRucrroN
OF Lire AND Property ny LIGHTNING.
After long spell Of dry weather, we
were visited with two heavy storms OF
wind and rain, accompanied with thunder
end hghinmg, on Saturday evening aud
SUNDAY evening, the 2i,h and a5th ult.
We regret TO learn, that in addition to the
damage done by The rise Of water in some
Of the streams, carrying away fencing,
hny, &c, the lightning proved destructive
IN the region south east Of this place.
Tho barn oil Mr.. James Williams. on Tho
Deer Park Road, was struck aud entirely
consumed with all his grain, hay, wagon.
&c. two Cows, belonging 10 Mr.. Ed
mund Gardner, and Bull, owned by
Mr.. Edward Stocksdale, were also killed.
But The worst OF all remains 10 bctoid.
A man, named John Marshall, who had
been in Reislerstown and was on his way
heme near ST. johns Church in Baltimore
county, carrying a scyihe on his shoulder,
was killed by the lightning, which bad
hfst struck large white oak near which
he was passing al the time. When be
was frs; discovered he was dead and tho
scyihe lying on The ground some distance
from him Westminster Cdrroiifoaign.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

sHAp And MkcEEREL.--Boih these kinds Of
hsh have exhibited some new fashions this year
The shad haze well nigh deserted lhe Penobscot
uver where they have heFclGfsre been very plenty,
and have instead, run into The hai Bur of Chatham,
on The outside Of the great elbow q Care Cod -
There !, no stefan Chatham 10 attract lie shad
YET lie hshefmea have been milking their fortunes
BY catching them, M4ckerel il is said, are pleay
70 the Eastern sra as usual tn, they vii not
bite. Formerly theywere easily caught, ind ~onid
jump 10 seizo a white rug now they tafn away
win " ne, thank ynu." from the dnntiesi worms
WHICH ihe tisherinun an'send down 70 ihe'n' sat-
mGn a'e more rlenty this year 10 Tie renaDseo'
han for many years before.--.JoEr 81 COM
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

TnE GREAT BANK FoRGER. lit turns
out that Mr.. ]. IL. Sylvester, arrested at
Louisville as the great bank forger, is not
the MIR. Dawson, alias Mr.. Parker, allies
Mr.. Britain, who passed forged eertii,
Gates Of the Commercial Bank Of New
Orleans, ON the Bank of Kentucky, the
Commercial Bank OF Cincinnati, and on
Messrs. Little 81 Co. OF New York.
The Louisville journal says, after ex-
animation he was discharged of beng the
bank lorger, but was held in custody to
answer for another charge, that OF being
q fugitive from New Orleans.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

DRouowr.- Tie Richmond Wig ssy':
Accounts hen, me adjacent cooalies represent
the dough. as intense. aud seriousy endangesips
he c,re aud Tobacco crops. The Tobacco eroP
ssery late, and bad seasoa may dest1os neatly
he whole Of il. ysry large crop, however, has
been planted, and late fall and favorable season
NAV aiye an average lieic
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

Upwards Of three hundred thousand let.
tsrs are quarterly returned 10 the General
Post Office, Washington, from the differ.
ent Pos, Offices in the Union, as dead.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05


The BAHk Ball which has gone Gam the SEN.
ale 10 the House, aud whicl we uust and believe
will become law Pounds lie power for establish
Iag branehos FOR local disecnnt on tho consent Of
the States respectively.
II any State objects, there can be no such branch
within her limits.
1t che asseuts expressly, or, IT, after one session
Of her Legislature, she is found not to object! her
essensis to be presured; and this seems leasons-
Die, because, II she hsve opposite on, she will tx
press II, and her silence ,nay imply either her
wishes, or that she has objection.
In this respect the bill appears 70 have followed
the provisions Of the laws Of the Ulited States on
other subjects.
We suh1oin two eminent instances
Act for he Organisation oTMichigaa.
lie Governor and Legislative Csnnc,l shall
adopt ard publish in The District such laws Of tho
original States, ciiInisal and civil as may be ne
cessary Ind bee, suited 10 the circumstances OF the
District, aud lef OFT them TO Congress fom time
iime ~hseh loies shall BE IN force until the or.
sAi@iu@h o. the General Assembly therein rs-
LESS DIsArrRoyED on DY coSGREss
Aet lor The organisation of Florida.
10 Governor and Legislative Council shah
nave legislative powers over oil nghifal subjects
OF less'aiion but no law shall be valid which is in
consisted with tire Constitution ana laws of tho
United slates, OF which shall lay any person under
restraint, burden, OF d.abilily on account Of hi.
religious opinions, professions or worship Tho
Hossrnar shall publish throughout the sad rerriio-
~ all the igws which shat be made; and shall,
On or tel3te the irst day Of December, 10 each
year, report the same to the Pfesiaen az the UNI
ted States, 10 be laid before Congress- aelicA ~
nlsAPPRoyEp BY CONGRESS-, sAai! Meneeforth be
IF no force Md. Int
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

Dr.. DYoTr, AGAIN.-The Philadelphia
correspondent oil the New Journal of
Commerce, states that the celebrated
quack, banker and physician, DR.. Dyott,
has settled down with his son in the vi,
cnity OF lis old banking house and place
OF business, and is enga ged as many years
ago, when he first went 10 Phlladelphia,
IN The preparation Of the same medicines
from the sale Of which he realized large
fortune-large enough, il he had not been
too covetous in his desires, for him to have
retired from business with competence
lr himself and family. lie is one, how
ever, vino cannot enjoy idleness; and il
ten years Of life are allowed him, he may
make up much. perhaps all, OF bis pocuni
ary loss.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

TnE SPRINGS. We understand that
the number Of visiterS this season at Tor.
don's White Sulphcr Springs. in this
neighborhood, has exceeded that Of any
other year since its establishment-having
been nearly full for the last two OF three
weeks.
The Capon Springs, we also under
stand, have had a pretty good run since
the season commenced. This establish.
ment has been re-opened under the super.
ntendence Of MIR. julius G. Waddle, Ga
very worthy and enterprisng young gen
tleman,) and promises to become quite a
fashionable resort during the warm weu-
ther.- Winchester Republican.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

INDIAN BALL PLAY The Red River
Republican has the following:
We understand that bail play lately
came off near the Calcasieu, in this par
ish, between the Buexe and Chtctaw In.
diaus. The parties bet every thing they
were possessed Of in the world, saddles,
dridles, and even the clothing on their
backs, including their shirts. The Choc-
taws proved triumphant, and their oppo.
nen,s surrendered them every thing they
had, and went home naked. While the
play was going on, the squaws got TO bet
ling among themselves, and the Bulexe
squaws soon found themselves in the same
fix with their lotds.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

The New York correspondent Of the
Madisonian writes Tie Custom House
luvt stigaiing Committee Will not, under
stand, close its scrutiny for ten days yet.
The testimony taken already covers 400
large folio pages. Mr.. l1oyt has not
been on the stand.-Somo Of the revela-
uons are startling, but | arm not at Liberty
TO speak out. reckon the Sub-Troasory
rs device for the sgfe Keeping Of the
public money will be pretty essentially
ridded when tie evidence is printed.
More soon.
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05


The discussion ia tie $, nate, on ,hs
Bankrupt Bill, elected some interesting IN
formation respecting the peculiar laws an
usag, s Of ihe State of Louisiana, 10 guard.
ing the rights Of married women aud MI
no-s. A corr spondent of the phil@del.
phia North American says:
Louisiana guards tie rights of her wo.
men with kind AMI parental care. The
husband cannpt alIlena;e the property,
even by consent ofiho wife /; aud even
the money Civ n by tie parents, either be.
fore or after marriage, is us much the sepe-
rate property OF the vile, as the land an2
negroes. She can even make her bus
band her debtor, aud sue him in Court
OF Jaw. 1t was to guard these rights, that
induced Mr.. Barrow 10 offer the remarks
he did, which were, that no bill that in-
teriered with that peculiar privil, &C Of
wives, could be supported by him. If |
mistake not, this vas ADOPTED since Lou.
ls.ana became territory Of the Unit, d
States. Dashing young fellows used 10
so there aud marry the beautiful crcoles
Of the territory, and spend their property
within Short period, leaving til, m to
penury. 1t is said that II was 10 guard
against this conduct on the part Of I'M
prncipled adventures, that the enactment
Of this law was found nee ssnry by the
prudent and kind French creoes of that
hcspjtable region. No matter what led
to it, the example is worthy ofnll praise.
The CABINET. Rumors have been put
in circu!atiouby Gus opponents, that wan,
Of harmony eXIs's among the Executive
officers at Washington, and particularly
between the President and one or more o!
the Heads Of tho Departments. These
mlsr pr, sensations we have hitherto deem
cd unworthy Of any attempt to contra
dict theG. Some OF cur own friends, low
ever, appearing to attach some Importance
to them, we conceive il to be oar duty now,
to pronounce them entirely un(oundt d. -
We also guard the Wing party, and the
Wing press, against being deceived by
such idle tales, gotten up by our adverse
ries only to iDiure US, and assure them that
the most perfect harmony exists between
the President and his Cabinet, and between
the Heads Of d. parlncn.s themselves
Baltimore Patriot
Martinsburg gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1833-1855, 1841-08-05

spending petiod of the present
over The past year Of 6.a34 90
Should similar increase be realized
for the remainder Of the present year, the
BoaId will be able to carry on the ordi.
nary business of the Society, and do much
toward the extinguishment Of the old debt.
if not TO cancel 1t entirely.-African Re-
poSitory.
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1841-09-18
IMPRISONMENT OF MR.. CROSS.

II is stated in several papers that an outrage has
been committed by the Spanish authorities of Cuba
on Nathaniel Cross who has been enormously repre-
sented to be u. S. Consul at Matanzas.
MIR. Cross is not Consul of the U. s. at that or
any other place; the error has arisen from the cir
cumstance that some time ago he was appointed by
Mr. Courts, the Consul to act as Consul or perhaps
Vice Consul, in his (Courts) absence.
For doing this Mr.. Courts had no authority what
ever; MIR. Cross is not recognized by this Govern
ment as an officer, nor empowered as such nor has
he been recognized as such by the Spanish autho-
rites
MIR. Courts is responsible to this Government and
to Spain for all the acts of Mr.. Cross.
II appears that Mr. Cross has been arrested and i'm
Prisoned by the Spanish authorities, for an alleged
violation of law and not in the power of the Gov
eminent to relieve him from this arrest, nor can il
with proprioty complain Of the Government of Spain,
as for the violation of privileges or mmunitics of
public functionary known and respected as such and
entitled to the protection which the laws of nations
universally afford
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1841-09-18
WHOLE NO. LAG

corps Of professional reporters, special CORES
pondent whose sole business il TO gather all the
information within his reach and to write down the
results and his own speculations. That correspon-
dent, We should judge from his works, devoted him,
self assiduously to his special duty, and succeeded
better than letter writers in procuring correct
statements and making pretty accurate predictions.
But he made no discoveries, we have seen but
such were in the reach Of practical observers, "a
miliar with public and parties. The topics treat
ed of in those letters such generally dis.
cussed here, and the information communicated,
whenever true, and of any consequence, was such
as was known to and numerous others of the Pre-
sdents friends and in fact current in this city We
have seen nothing in them worthy to be regarded as
a special revelation of the Presidents mind. The
speculatons in advance Of the Veto were such as
any shrewd person could have dictated from an ex-
animation of the bill and study Of thu p.saiaA~ss
character and past opinions. ...N.r s
The personal criticisms of members Of the Cabinet
were doubtless the writer's personal views, for
which, it would be a new thing. under the sun, if
any other person than he is to be held responsible