Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1840-1842, 1841-04-05
10 ~ Ediisvs Of tAs wkis.

eessse emigration from the old States, with pail
o ww.reeapno,stion OF the disastrous consequences
~ srgn,a. The many important questions connee
Cd with emigration and colon zltion, have, for son
= tyears past, attracted the serious consideration
the moral and political PHILOSOPHERS OF Great Br
tam and of this country. In that Kingdom, ar
particularly in Ireland, il found that the poop
had multiplied beyo the means cf adequate sur
portland IN the crisis produced by the pressure
SPopulation upon subsistence, the attention Of IN
ivoovernment, as well rs OF the intelligent part
the nation was directed TO the adoption Of measure
TO relieve the mother country of her nu
oefs, and at the same time regulate the settle
ments OF the colonies to advance their permanen
Igrowih snd prosperity. The public mind was en-
Enlightened by several able Parliamentary reports
me periodical press teemed with the contribution
OF many of the hrs men OF that country, and thes
laoors ultimately resulted in the establishment o
the Colonial Lsnd and Emigration Commission
IN 1886, whose superintendent has carried out III
important principles adopted by the Government.
although at that period the poor. houses were full
the country swarming with begsars, and the paupe
population increasing by the failure OF banks an,
he suspension OF factories, yet that Government
unuef circumstances so pressing, did not overlook
ne Importance OF so regulating the process OF emf
GRAFTON as TO preserve IN the new colonial settle
ue"'s sumcient compactness TO secure the introduc
non OF schools. character and civilization, with the
powers, the arts and the virtues of social man TIL,
previous system Of giving the Crown lands on nomi
nations TO all who promised to improve them. hac
ormed constant temptation to cmiyr nts to dis
perse IN every direction, by which all combinabl,
efforts were lost, a retrograde in civil ,tion nro
duced, with the formation Of bands on frontier,
weakened by extension, more savage than socnl
anu on ~hom the restraints of law, rels ion and So
3ciety exercised but little influence. For evils M,
ms magnitude, and OF which our frontier States
furnish but too many melancholy EXAMPLES the OBJ
vIous and appropriate remedies were applied -th,
ICrown lands in Australasia, and the other colo
nles IN that hemisphere, were placed at the free
oI WE'VE sh'l''ngs sterling per acre, equal &c
ioou' .hfee dollars; and IN her North American co.
onles, where strength along our Northern frontier ID
held OF primary importance, the price was fxed
hve shiilings sterling, about equal to our Govern
ment price. With these regulations was also com
neo me effective process of bringing into market bud
'teu tracts oil country, adequate, however TO the
advance OF a reasonably compact population
lhe virtue OF this system OF coloniz,tionl
contrasts most tavourably in the British colonies
with the pernleous effects of the old practce nno
we are informed, that emigration from the Nio,h.rI
Country is no longer confined to the lower clnsses
OUT that education and talents swell the nnmher.
3that competency now looks to the colonies where
5n may be rPened into sfil 1ence; and that capital
'u'n 'hther rs source OF larger dividends The
o1t sh Government fully admits the principle tina
the crown lands held in trust for the peonl OF
5the British Empire, collectively; and upon this
3ground the revenue fiom the land sales is applied
i'o deiray the expenses Of emigration and for coo
'; improvements as equally conducive to the
lei oil the mother country from the burthens of al
Ireoundant population, and to the prosperity of the
1coonles, where population so regulated give.
wealth and strength, with all the securities and
Lenloyments of social life.
have, perhaps, at the expense of hein, ,cd;ou.
given the leading features Of the English MAN Of CO.
'onzition, now in successful operation. with IN,
reasons on which it is based, for the purpose of II
9stratins, by example, the duties of our Genera
government, under the high trust with which - -
invested in dsposing of the public lands for the i've
neht OF the States, old and new who are the Sim
Ique trust OF this immense domain
Our system, 1t system It may be called is proved
l'y experience 10 nave been radically defective in
w" OF It's leading features The United States ir
!dsposIng OF our unseated territory hold the not,c
|ol regulating the value Of the agricultural porton,
|oi the landed property of the Union and Of almost
|a Peasure' Withdrawing large masses of the popu
suon oi me Atlantic States to the forests Of IN,
"es' and this power has been exercised to n hall.
tul extent, as shewn in former number nv The IN
s1iheent price placed on 1.-The public land and the
almost imited extent 10 which il has been and ,sE
now opened TO purch aseTs.
During the earlier periods of the sales of tbo,.
ands, The Indian title and occupancy formed som,
barrier limiting the quantities IN market, but ,h.
course pursued by Gen'l Jackson's administration
ana that oil his successor, OF removing the Indian
uioes 10 me Eastern slope of the Rocky Noun.
Jams, oolterated tins partial restraint and onenedh
the widest held and strongest inducements 10 ,,,
eximped speculatlons; sometimes criminal and of
ien runous to adventures, but still tending In in
crease the already swollen streams Of emigration
iHtSc COUCluSiOnS are more than sustained hvN
reference TO the Government Documents bv which
It Is Shewn that in 1901, the annual-,, Iys ver,E
somewhat over Sl6O,OOO which gradually increo-
ses 10 sl,Ols,OOO IN 1873; that during the follow
ns years Tie sales advanced with such rapidtv
that IN ISIS the quantity sold was JIi eOT aces
producing an aggregate amount Of 81 3O5 564 anil
hAt IN the hrst three quarters of the wear 1870 IN.
sales rose TO 5,Ul,99i acres, at the price of "a
zoo, giving adequate for the adyantaeeon.E
taiH OF near half million of persons IN al
year, Gan any rejecting mind with those
acts presented 10 It's consde ration fail TO nerce;ve
nat with annual drains In half OF this amount III
population, with Its attendant property ope,stne
on Tue oiu and agricultural States that they mus, rs
!P'uy become impoverished and depopulated and
1hut wholesome checks TO be found in a augm.oto
ltion OF price, and diminution of the quantities .,
'ahd IN market, alone avert an evil so much 10
,oe deprecated! such measures are equally caIle,
OF oy the best interests of the new States as we'll
las o, the Old as they will guard the fist pgains,
1e disadvantages OF scattered population Trauott
win all the evils before adverted TO- and secure incl
AFTER against the destructive con,eouenres ,y;h
which they are now threatened
Inc rapid increase OF the numerical strenptb ofi
'ue nation may be looked to by some as safe re-
source Tor Killing the void occasioned bv eYcss.;v
but this view is couded by The recoII,c
Ion thlt the loss Is principally Of the youno nnd
|heaithyi the active and the entsrprisng on S,bon
ne hopes OF restoring The equilibrium must mainly
Idepend. In the future we pe receive M L,,; -, a.
spread OF the Anglo Saxon race: the arid nl.;r Wv
me eastern base OF the Rocky Mountains arc ,ir.
~ passed, and the national aspirations are invited
o Golohizing on the Oregon, and the acquisition IN
Cdn'ornla, with naval stations and military defen
ICES ana less than two centuries will probablv re-,
we humholdPs anticipation ofrhe spreading of dbl
Nuaoroinary and restless people from the nortbernk
iof Patagonia "' 'Ou'ne'" Shores
In TINS state Of things, and with those deno,s,,,
,liOns before us, Mr. Calhoun the Ai,Y Teismon I'D
'ns SCUM, and the Apostle of Modification. pro
pose 10 TeNnquish the public lands to the State, i,
nnlch theY are situated, and consequently IN IN.
Governments OF Wisconsin, Iowa, East and Wa
orud' as they may respectively become States
e'eIEIng portion OF the nett proceeds of the sales
% oe PAD by those States into the general Tre,su
.y' ms measure is urged by its author princinaI
on TWO grounds-hrst, that il will strip the 60
i'e'nment OF coUupung and d dangerous patron ACE
anu secondly, u the cession is withheld the new
olnIe' WI sleze 70 themselves the public lamb
"Nhin their respective limits. The latter propndI
ihost nave IT'S foundation in some of the bdIen =,
tributes OF state sovereignty. from which NujIi6cs
Non 'tseh mas sprungi and the argument NAV ex
emu tne creed OF that class Of politicians into ooa,
le'' "here lew heretofore have been found To 1,vo
lIout aiier MY years exercise of the p,ramo,n,k
3sht OF the United States without the discove,v C
hs latent State right, may be regarded "a arnons
.ue n'im'e's distractions Of the day. 1.-The nrpn
menu, however, has any ing in It, by what mean,
&C we reserved portions Of the sales TO be obteioed
LOU lne Shtef II they may sezs the land a for
- "oy may retain the money produced by tbel