New-York tribune., 1841-12-27
TIE ELECTRIC TELEsRApH.

two others; and one oil the most recent Is tnat OF
the Electric Telegraph, invented by WHEATsroS.
and now employed IN London. He had devoted
TO the subject OF Electricity much time, and It's
first fruits vas this discovery liz obec; L. By the
agency Of Electricity, to communicate between two
distant places il a yery short space OF time. In
England it has already been applied along rail-
way for some hundred or more miles. All that is
sary is to 90 to the Office at one end and ask his
question: in about three minutes be receives IN
answer. | CHANGED myself, while engaged in rail-
way operations. TO witness an operation OF this
kind. and shall not soon forget my astoDishuent
at the result. was standing near the i;ice OF the
Great Western Railroad when passenger got out
from the train of cars which had JUS; arrived, over
forty miles. from London, into the Office and
told the clerk that he wished to send By the re-
turning trainz note to his hotel in Lenden concern
ing cloak and umbrella be had left there Yes.
sir said the clerk, wait moment and will giyc
vou the answer 10 your note. He turned TO 4
small apparatus. in corner of the room, and in
about three minutes told the man that hi, cloak and
umbrella had been taken care Of, and would be
sent bv the next train.
The method of the operation OF this Invention Is
extremely simple. and i easily rendered intellsi-
be have already explained the nature Of the
galvanic current which Is produced when zinc and
copper or other metals are brosgh; il contact
The electricity evolved at the surface OF contact Is
decompo.ed the positive taking one direction ana
the negative the other: hence If Two wires pc pis
yidcd and put in contact, the with the positive
and the other with the negative fluid, these two
currents will flow al9ng them tor any distance
even around the globe. Now explained TO yoa at
the last evening that il magnetic needle be
placed over the wire, along which this galvanic
current flows, it will Immediately be turned right
angles to the wire--no matter what was It's former
direction. Now suppose a wire be enclosed In
glass tubes or surrounded by some other Monsoon
ductiug substance, aud passed the whole distance
from Newly ork to New-Qrleans a needle placed
above the wire at New Orleans viii Instantly turn
at right angles il upon sending along 1t the cleo
trio current. This would be the case with any
number of wires Thus We have a method ofcom-
municating instantly between distant places. Tae
next thing is 10 devise some means OF rendering the
communication Ineligible y variety of signals
nAve been employed for this purpose. In Wheat
tons telegraph the letters OF the alphabet were
employed; ana the mode OF conducting the COM
munication this: at each end of the rsute was
provided a iozenge marked ot into parallcograms,
at the angles OF which were placed the different
letters of the alphabet Magnetic needles were
placed above the wires in such position with re-
spect to the figures that any two OF the needles
n be made TO point to each Of the letters by iic
action of the fluid, which on being passed along the
wires, cluses them TO turn al right angles 10 the
wires Now in communicating from end to end.
the person who makes the first advances, passes
current along wire whick lets 90 a bell at the
ether extremity: thus wire touched at New
Orleans would let go bell here, and It's language
- -eu5 1o..
about you The person receiving this warning
sends back a current, which lets 20 a bell at tine
oher end, saying in reply, Go on, sir, IN listen
ins To you. Then they begin to spell ont the
words-it that is the method adopted If +. be
the first letter, thcH two wires are touched, which
will cause two needles at the other end to point to
that letter OF the ozengc, aud for all other let
ters. In general practice fewer letters arc neces-
.ary than those of the alphabet.
The manner in which these telegraphs con
structed in Eng land is this the wires, of which
there five six, placed in glass tubes and
buried several inches in the ground beside the
rails. One is now nearly finished from London to
Liverpool, and by it messages transmitted with
astonishing rapidity. For commercial purposes
the'e telegraphs are Of especial Importance.
QuARRYING STONES.
Another remarkable example of the coRtribu-
tons OF science the arts of life is derived from
the properties of heat, rs applied IN the East to
quarrying blocks Oi stone when the object Is 10 eX-
cavate huge blocks from the surrounding mass. 4
groove is cut some two inches in depth in the re-
CURED direction. This done. the groove is hed
with fuel, which is kept lighted until the rock Is
highly heated. The rock then is of course ex
banded by the action ii the heat; the fuel is then
swept away, and cold water immediately poured
into the groove. The sudden contraction CAUSES
the block instantly TO split off. The pIincl-
Pile is daily exhibited on our tables. II heated
glass bc suddenly filled with cold water, it immedi
a,ely breaks in pieces. In this way blocks eighty
feet long and six thick are easily lakon off with no
other labor than that of chiseng out the groove.
a similar example ct the application OF science
TO the economy OF power is exhibited IN France IN
the qunrrying Of mill stones. They are required,
you well aware, TO be circular and ilat-cyl-
ndcrs with very small altitude compared with
the disme;cr-and tho stone from which they are
made is exceedingly hard. The mode of quarry
ing them is this. 4 very high, circular column OF
stone i, wrought out, of the requisite diameter.-
To slice oil portions of this, such are required,
by the common stone saw. would be work of inn
m.n.e labor. \ quite different agent Is employed.
At regular Successive distances, grooves arc cut
around the column, into which are driven dry
wooden wedges at evening. The dew which falls
during the night being absorbed by the wood, eau.
Sc, it to expand with power so irresistible that
ali the stones are found properly cracked off in the
morning.
BLEAeHISG, TASSISe, &c.
Let Us turn now 10 another science which turn
.hes aid the process OF bleaching. The discov-
cry OF chlorine and its bleaching properties altered
at once the whole economy of this art. The pro-
cesscs which before occupied weeks in their com
petion, are now performed with far greater eff
cicnoy in a few hours, BY mere application Of
small quantity OF chlordes which destroy
dark colors and Immediately produce white
There is very remarkable case, which ! must
oention, where the simple application of pneuma-