Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1841-02-04

doph, and OF other iatners oI the hepuuii', "t
sill on the stage of action when | entered upon II
twenty wears ago; and from them learnt that II inc G.
dera Government avoided debt, ccntented ltseH WIN
light taxes preserved peace abroad, and Kept open .'e
channels of commerce, it was doing its par ana ,he
States and the people would do the rest ms Is "iu
was accustomed to hear from these patriots and ages
and tried hy these principles how stands the ques-
ton of msroycrnmen or msrule between the o'ales
and the Federal Government: How stands TINS qnes
ton: Certainly more honorable TO the Government
than ever stood such question between Government
and 4 peop,e In point of debt there is nothinS-no-
thing in The shape form OF national debt; Tor ie"
millions of outstanding Treasury notes, TO be pad as
due out OF current revenue, can form no exception 70
the proud declaration that we have no national deo'.
In point of Federal taxes may he said to be almost
| free from them. Not particle of direct, or inter-
nal tax exists by law of the Federal Government.
The duties on imported goods, since the extinction
of the late national debt, have gone down 10 hgn'
and moderate amount. But few articles are no"
taxed high the half are not taxed at all Yes,
the onehalf Of the whole Of foreign imports are
now free of duy-an advantage which no other ma
ton on earth possesses, and which only have en-.
loved since the glorious administration OF Genera
.Jnckson As to peace we have it with all The world
Our temple of Janus is shut; for all the nations oil tue
4 earth are peace with cur country and freedom OF
intercourse existing between them. Commerce was
never more salc-was extended as 1t IS at pre-
sent Not only ali the old channels of trade open,
but many new ones have been explored. Our enter
prising merchants now go in safety to places whose
very names unknown to their taihers-to tue
antipodcs, and TO the polcs-and no doubt at ms ~
slant while stand here speaking, there are American
merchants on the opposite side of our world, sepa-
rated from by the entire diameter of th!s globe,
and all pursuing their remote trade in safety freedon
and peace. Thus stands the question otmisg"vernment
aid n,isrulc between The Federal Government and the
States 1t has done lis part and noby done its part
by thcm-ireed them from national deb-tnucled
them lightly with taxes-preserved peace Tor them
abroad-kept open all the channels Of commere, and
given 10 every citizen. al home and abroad clear
stare and fair play for the exercise of his talent and
The pnrsu of his business This fulfilling the object
of its CREATION doing whatt IVES created 10 do, accord
ing TO the doctrines Of the school in which was bred
To 90 beyond ths-to become the patron Of the States,
their treasurer their almoner undertake 10 relieve
their dslresses by doing out money TO them from the
ycnera cocrs--to do this, to do act for which the
, Federal Government never created, and which
, cannot be commenced without being continued, and
leading 10 consequences fatal 10 the independence OF
one Of the parties
No sir, the Federal Government has done i,s part
-.as done all that 1t ought to DO for the prosperity
M the States exccpln Particular aud that is III not
having s,bducd the revolt al the political aud nsolvent
part Of the banks. In the month of May, lc37-two
months after Mr.. Van Burens Administration CON-
menced-the banks stopped payments and, leaving out
the large depose banks which forced into the mea-
sure by the distribution process, and the weaker banks
which could not resist general movement leaving out
these, and the Of 1917 was revolt against
the Democratic Administration, and the result Of
, spiracy regularly conrved as any conspiracy has
been since the days Of Catlne This conspiracy was
Matched in the Bank Of the United States and head.
cd By its managers and lis political conirderaies-
!, Public opinion, and the conduct Of the New York
banks, prevented the permanent insnrrecton which
was Observation-Disclosures the nsurgent institutions into
temporary submission 10 the laws, 10 be followed in
! c39 by another revolt which continued rs The first
was designed 10 continue, until the Presidential cleo
r ton was over. The Federal Government did not put
down these revois; il did not reduce these nsurgent
corporations subordnaton to the laws. In TINT, and
in that only, has it failed lis duty to the States
But where was the failure Not in the Federal head
NOT in the representative of the Union-not in the
/ President mir. Van Buren, discharged his dnty-no-
bly-patrotically- wiscly-frm y-courageously dis
charged it, He recommended the remedy; the con
s,;tutiona, the adequate, the prompt remedy: he re-
commended the application of bankrupt law to bank
rupt banks and if had been applied when recon-
mcnded the second suspension would not have &C.
cured. The Bank ofthe United States would have
been wound up in 1882 and the distress and derange
ment Of business, injurious to the country, and so
beneficial to the bank party during the election Of 1910
would have been prevented The Federal Executive re-
commended this only measure which was wanting TO
the public prosperity Congress refused TO pass III and
thus the only failure of the Government to do lis duty
was occasioncd by the representatives OF the States
U themselves.
MIR. b. deprecated the temper of the times, and the
general disposition which existed to look to the
Federal Government for relief from distress, and Tor
favors and privileges of every kind This spirit began
be engendered above twenty years when protec
tive tariffs, pension lists, National Bank, internal i'm
provements, and many schemes TO employ persons,
and cxpend money, occupied the debates and the le
psation Of Congress People seduced from their
. proper pursuits, and good called upon 10 come
to the Federal Government for Office, for money for
special legislation, for contracts and for jobs, and IA
y vors which TO enable them to live and enrich
Z themselves without labor economy. This spirit
Il begun then under the stimulus and the action Of
= Compression debate and legislation, has been go
ing ever since, until It Pervades and absorbs the
community First individuals then classes now
States Congress is importGned now by more than
5000 claims on our files, some of them rejected for
/ twenty thirty, forty years but still pressed upon u.s.
and expected to be passed by dnt OF importantly
; Forty thousand pensioners still swell pension list
. Armies Of men, even young men, boys with down on
their chns come here for office. Petitions for pro-
tectirc duties coming in. individuals of all ages
and sexes, and classes of all kinds except the aborer
l. and the farmer, here for special legislation
= We have seen all this, and now portcnously ris-
ing above all the rest, and with power 10 command
. what they ask, appear the States The indebted
States appearing at our bar-coming here
: for relief-for money from the general Golfers 10
= pay their individual debts They have had twenty
d seven millions from the Federal Treasury. 1t n
= fatal g:t-scarcely touched before it gone, and
the incentive 10 demand They ask for Ii
= med land distribution bill. They will take it in de-
fance of the Constitution and across its grave. Soon
y an unlimited land distribution bill will be denanded
and, if the golden eggs laid too slowly, then kill
The goose divide all the lands once; and when they
. gone, have to the custom-housp; when
that is enped, the credit and securityshp The Fe-
\ deral Government must come into requson. There
rule 90 by, any barriers to arrest the
: ward course The barrier of the Constitution being
Frustrated in the passage Of the first land distribution
y act, there is end to further resistance.
Mr.. 3. inveighed earnestly against the thirst for Of
: flee and for spoil, which spreading and extending
country, and giving 10 party contests savage
: and fcrocious character He attributed The bitterness
of election contests, great degree, to the per-
sonal interest which many took in them. Office
the pursuit Of myrads, and the exciting cause of
their zeal and fury in elections The public good
qnired this spirit TO be checked it required the public
mind to be turned in different dirccton-to selfexer-
ton-to the pursuits of industry, and the practice of
economy-and made TO find in these resources The true
road To independence of mind and character well TO