New-York tribune., 1841-07-27
TT E T RIB U NE.
YEW.YORK. TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 81.

n u II i D ~ u
IEw.YoRK TUESDAY MORNING, JULY a7.
~ The Journal of Commerce speaks of the " enormous
ri. of the american SYSTEM" Let That Sys-
80 wa. commenced in 1916, under the Joint auspices Of
u.s Clay CALHOUN and the leading Statesmen Of the
sb and West backed by the almost unanimous of
a Middle States. II improved in 1872 and carried 20
biqhes, point in 1923, Messrs vAY Buren, and WRIGHT
ming for the bill. The Compromise Act Of 1888
.ah-bow to the principle of Protection bu it gradu
y into operation through the years. Practically
therefore the decided performance Of the Protective Pol
nav be computed existing from 1926 l335tcn years.
Among the enormous eviis which it brought upon the
Country the principal arc follows:
Tie entire payment of nearly One Hundred Millions of
Public Debt nearly all due TO Foreigners, une by the
Country and in shorter time than large
ever paid OF before since
National Currency, sound, convenient a.d Uniform,
throughout the whole term Natona. Bank the inn
mediate agent in cfccng this, but the Protection of Amer
can Industry was the mprcgnabc basis on which the great
fabric Of our National Prosperity rcposed securely.
s. steady and rapid increase of National Wealth and
the earnings of Labor throughout the term vigorous
prosecution Of Internal Improvement by of Canals,
the construction of Roads, Buildings, Manufactures the
establishment of new branches of Production and general
enlargement of the field of National Industry
Such are the conspicuous OF The enormous erls
inflicted this Country by the American System Heaven
speed their triumphant recurrence!
AsRrcULTCRAL GEoLoGY.-Ten simple minerals, some
times called the Geological Alphabet form the elements Of
our globe These minerals, variousy comhinrd constitute
from twenty five To thirty varieties OF rocks, piled into
ins also appearing lodges and bours, or loose lrag
mens scattered the Garth Upon the character OF the
rocks depend the surface Of country SOIL mineral wealth.
and other facilities and for productive industry,
and iur plysic intellectual and moral philosophy
The elementary minerals quartz, elsPF, mica,
hornbend mc slate gypsum, serpenne tale and chlorc
By various combinations the rocks formed from them may
be classed into five families. The Granite tnm1iy
consists Of three mcbers viz granite, gnelss and mica
slate all composed of quartz espar, and MICA in different
proportions and arrangements
The HorblenH family OF three four members,
viz greensboro OF traprocks, hornbend rock, hornbend
slate and sentc of which scattered extensively
the world broken from mountain ranges ut great extent
IN various countries.
The calcareous LINE family of rocks, consists OF mem
bers more numerous and character and not
less interesting farmers than either OF the others mentioned
In this family common limestone most or all the marbles
chalk Gall carbonaes OF line gypsum or plaster oi aris
which is the suphate ot lime.
The Ma onesa family of rocks embraces serpentine ridges
noted in Agriculture only for their barrcness but rich In ores
which produce of most beautiful paints especially
chrome yellow Soapstone Is also maSueslan roch COM
posed principally ot tale
The Conoiomeratc family is composed Of fragments,
scattered remains of the recks just named again collected
and cementcd large masses and even mountain ranges
They are pudding stone, sandstone and gray ack cch a
pearing under great variety OF forms
s the farmer u the simple minerals tic various rocks
and the families classes under which they may be ar
ranged arc of much interest. Several of ts as they de-
termne the character and constitute the elements oil SOILS
NAV be considered fundamental both in the science
II of ultrre Those of sppCiH
mount importance quartz which is OF the character o
sand and fespa forming when puverized varieties OF clay
and lime which, though essential To good soil, like the
other still necessary 10 give soil the highest degree
of fertility
Stiff SOILS light soils lcey calcareous and all other soils,
depend much upon the proportions in which these three SIM
pie minerals, and especially the two FIRST are continued
Quartz or SLICK predominate all SOILS still or clancy
as they are enominated In light soils the principal in
sedien though pure silex sand qxartz produces entire
barrenncs capable, however IL instances o. being rem
dered fertile by the addition of small portion OF clay.
I should be asked how these elementary substances and
pncple Of soils be rendered available 10y farmers, the
answer must be-Le, them procure GEoLocicAL CABINETS
or specimens so selected arranged labeled ard described
as will present in visible, tangible inteslble FORM the
grogudwerk OF the whole matter small collection OF
such specimens seldom ii ever tails TO adc Others ana sun
others Till increase 10 hahafeuS ana single ray
becomes broad daylight
If such Geological Cabinets could be used and explained
BY lectures OF familiar practical character their interest
and usefulness would be greatly increased AT present 1t
be difficult 10 procure competent Tor such lectures
but II call should be made for them with prospect OF re-
munera,ion entirely competent to the enterprise might
be qualified; some could be found already pre-
pared make such lectures in high degree Instructive
and entertaining To my mind, no step presents ise hs
important for giving farmers knowledge OF Asri-
cultural Geology for promoting the improvement OF then
farms their minds, than call for Cabinets am Lectures
designed illustrate this highly practical and popular Science
The GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS now in progress or COM
eed in nearly all the States present strong reason why
this or some other step should be taken, dihusc the
knowledge collected by these surveys large amounts and
great expense aud which slGabe be confined TO
" ponderou volumes, placed upon the shelves Of the State
College Libraries instead Of going the possession and
the use of farmer. and mechanics, whose expense such
Information has been principally collected
1.-the thirty or forty Agricultural journals HOW published in
0 Country should unite their strength IN procuring and s
timing Lectures as here proposed. they could hardly fail of