New-York tribune., 1841-11-29
TH e TRIBU N E..
Major TOchman'S Lecture.
ICcncluded.

n,cbv of Warsaw contained population of 4, 1885,
oOO--of these two-thirds we're Catholics, and the
,e., Protestants, with the exception OF about l00
ma. who belonged to the Greek Church. All de-
nominations were protected in their worship; and
The Jews alone, who numbered about 100000
we're excluded from the privileges OF legislation
The extent of the Duchy was AZ go square miles,
equal only TO ope-seventh of the SIZE OF the terri
ory before the first partition in 1752 ! ne reT',
sue in 1880 was $l6.000000. To the Grand
Duke Constantine, brother of the Emperor Alex
.1der, was now entrusted the guardianship Of o.
lib nationality. No sooner a government es-
tabshed, than liberty and desPotisn were again
at variance. In this place allow me to peg your
special attention TO scenes OF winch inyseI "a7Ia
eyewitness and to events in which 1t was my tor
npe 70 take part. A round unvarnshed tale
Of facts. such as shall lay before you, will best
exhibit the character of modern despets and their
real designs with reference to Poland.
Alexander commenced his reign by secarang
Constantine Grand Duke of Warsaw. by violating
me provisions of his own charter and by taking
,way the old constitution and substituting one of
his own, reservirg himself the right of changing
hat pleasure 1t cannot be denied that Alexander
vas an intelligent dcspot. His manners were po-
he and he understood human nature to perfection,
.pd thus duped all by ceurtpg in public, liberty
and the Poles, and in realty tramping apOr both,
and acting as the leader of the despotic system
He ordered the members of the Legislative Coun-
ell 10 obey Constantine he placed censorship
over the press allowing no paper book to be
printed without the appreciation of his mnions,
and suppressed public debates, which his own CON
.titu,ion had guaranteed Taxes were imposed
and monopoes created, which exhausted the
wealth and energies of the Kingdom, and The trea-
sury, filed by his own tyranny, was placed at the
Disposal of his spies satraps and political agents
Athe same time he was all politeness and com
pasancc in public. At the very moment he
dancing with the daughters and wives Of the Poles
at the City Hotel, his brother was crowdng the
z PRISONS with those who would not bow the head 10
him when he rolled by in his carriage 1t was
scustom at that time to ks. The bands of ladies
owhOm one wished to pay marked respect. This
asorn was strictly observed by Alexander, while
hi, brother exposing in public places the heads
4 Of their lords. The Emperor knew vel how to
make the world believe that his was the golden
{ eign. He with his satraps built magnificent pala-
ce and wasted the wealth of the sation, while
BIZ peasants saw their houses and furniture sold
70 support their tyrants extravaganza.
By such displays was it that he Emperor gilded
h, schemes. Espionage was introduced into prl-
nte families; private life was infected by the
nrsed presence of his satraps and spies and thus
we're all ties of society broken The most cruel
| punishments were introduced into the army TO de-
aroy all feelings of honor and self-respect among
he soldiers. Many persisted under their infilc-
ton, and more put end 70 their shame and DIS
honor By putting period TO their lives. BY such
means of pretended friendship did he cndeavor 10
iebase that spirit he had not been able TO force to
submission h. the bayonet.
But the Poles, educated in the school of ad-
yersity and discipline smiled upon him in his ow
manner. They erected towers for his glory, illu-
minated their cities on his birth days, and were IN
secret plotting how TO regain their independence
and shelter themselves from his overshado"lng
despotism. Even at the balls when Alexander
and his family were present we we're medita'lng
upon his tyranny, and after they were over we re-
tired to deliberate spon the best manner of hsrl-
ing i, to the earth While in the streets shouted
Long life to Alexander, we were secretly striving
TO put an end to his oppression.
The consequence was that petition was drawn
up, praying the Emperor TO respect our rights,
guaranteed by his own constitution.
These bold measures interrupted AleXanders
Intriguing and deceptive policy He danced no
more with the daughters Of the Poles; he kissed
heir hands no more. The deputy who presented
he petition kept for five years under the sur
reiHance of the Police, and for FIVE more he was
Aept in prison. One of the richest citizens OF War
saw was chained IL a wheelbarrow ard forced 10
work in the street others We're treated in like ig-
1Ominsas manner and many of Poland's bravest
sons. after being thus forced TO degradation and
| shame. disappeared suddenly and their fate
SUBJECT of but too sure conjecture. Bands of men
we're put into the houses et the rich, thus to extort
heavy contributions which were then divided among
hi. satrsps aud minions The students IN the
schools who ventured 10 pass the limits OF cor
Upicd education were semitic Siberia; the fair sex
sere SUBJECT to insult, and in the Polish pro-
yinces of Russia even the use of the Polish
language was prohibited and every engine which !
cunning tyrant could devise. was used TO enforce
the religion of the Greek Church at whose head
was the Aurocrat himself. Ii Is Impossible 10
enumera,S all the vile means of persecution which
Alexander used TO destroy the republican icei-
nss Of our people
But the brave Poles yielded not an inch from the
os'te ground they had chosen. Instead OF smil-
Ag upon Alexander they now began 10 Iansh at
him instead OF Long life TO the Emperor they
now shouted Down with Tyrants. Even while
yrthins under their helish ,ortures the brave
spirits of Poland instead of uttering groans and
cries sung, eNultiugly Poland is not lost while we
i've
1; was only when the Enperors designs were
completely unmasked that the new struggle pro-
perly commenced. All the energies of the nation
we're reused, and in 1921 revolutionary society
vas formed in Russia to correspond mn saose in
Prussia. II was decided among them that the re-
,olution should begin on the 95th of May, 1926
aut the sudden death OF the Emperor frustrated
our intentions. The inhabitants OF St Peters
bqrsh reyol,ed on the day of the EmPeror's death
and this gave rise 10 misunderstanding which de-
sroyed the expected fruits of revolution Our
pans were exposed almost all the leaders IN Rus,
rAwere hung, and several hundred fiat boats filled
win victims wore plunged into the Baltic near