Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1841-12-27
AFFAIRS OF THE STATES.

affairs OF the State. Education is, appropriate
~, The hrsttopc, and I've earnestly calls for meas.
ure' in behalf Of this subject For public works
the state is indebted 10 about 81 .355 600 and the
revenue derived from the present yenr WINS s4s4-
755 Is; SS miles remain TO be finished when
there will be 793 miles of canal in the state. and
The revenue will be so much increased as nateri-
ally to lessen The taxes Of The people Ohio will
receive annually about 100000 from the public
lands under the distribution act Of Congress, which
will he Of vast advantage to the STATE enabling
her in lS43 to puy the full interest of her debt,
and the Gov. regrets that desire has been mani
Tested in some quarters to repeal llat act The
state prison, aud the institutions for the denc
dumb, bind aud insane, are all ia n hatternp con-
dition. geological survey has been commen-
ced, aud the Governor warmly urge, lis connie.
ton, as a work peculiarly important to the apri-
cultural Interest On this interesting subject he
says:
cannot forbear to press upon your attention
the propriety OF continuing, on n limited and eco-
llomcal scale, the geological surve, Of the Smte
especially IN r. ference the agricultural interest,"
involved III the subject. The most productive.
powers OF our soils must either be learned bv
the iarIner by experience, which we know in
some countries has failed, or must be made known
by that science which teaches The nature and Quai-
ity of SOILS aud rhich is itself but the embodied
ana successful experiments of those who have
turned their minds particularly to the subject
! The agricultural must for ages continue to be- in
tins state, the predolninating interest. II is tho
source from whence is derived the subsistence i'm
great degree of every people, and especially of
ours Ii is n mutter oil SURPRISE when viewed in
this light that no legislative aid has been extend
ed to furnish facts and scientific truths and give
Intelligence 10 the great body of the farmers of
our country, so necessary to the successful prose-
cutlon Of their labors. Scattered "a our farming
population is, over the whole State, the exueri.
ments 10y which improved modes of farming are
known to n. few only, cannot be brought to the
knowledge oil all, unless they shall be embodied
by some one whose duty it shall be made by law
II, 10y the abors of Geologist, so appointed. one
bushel OF wheat more than is now proJuced
should be raised on each acre of ground in the
State, occupied in the growth Of tina, grain. il
would pay the salary of such un officer, twice
told, for many years TO come.
We quote also from his remarks upon the cur.
rency, and incidentally, the Tariff:
The long continued suspension of specie p,v
menls by the banks OF some of the Middle States
by those also OF the Southern, Western and Soutl,
W estein Stules, has brought with il all the evil,
OF unnatural and fucluating rates of exchange,
nsury 70 most enormous extent, embarrassment
OF risk attending all commercial operations This
state of things, il not remedied soon will make our
currency, which should be a Fl xed measure of The
price OF property, itself mere vendble comma
dry, more variable in value than most other com
mon articles of traffic. 1t may be well Questioned
whether this most unhappy state of things admits
= OF any permanent remedy, without important
changes I'D our existing commercial relations with
e foreign countries. This is question over which
:, S'a'e Legislation has no control; the National
. legislature alohe IS competent 10 decide il.
, Whilst tile work shops of England and France
filled with aborers whose daily toll brings Them
= only mere subsistence, pour into our markets
. every variety OF manufacture, by the laws oftheir
. respective countries the precious metals or cot
ION (wlh Jew lrlhIng exceptions nre the only e.
qnivalents they VIII receive from us in return.
= Except under dulles so oDerous ns a,,oun, m
prohibition, the bread sluffs and o,Iar n
ductIons OF much the largest portion of the peo-
pie oil The United States, can find no market i'm the
ports OF France or England. II il obyious ,bat
under ;! stem so injurious aud unjust towards
us IN lie fluctuations of commerce, baIaures n
galnst us must occur. and these must in such case
he liqudated bv an expectation of the Ingenious
, metals. This drain, which no human sapnci,v
can always ioresee, must have the effect to dis.
turb prices, even were our money purely neral,
ic should it he OF the mixed kind con,nosed Of
coin aud paper convertible into coin on demand
then whenever the uniavorabe balance was of
"
menis would seem 10 be inevitable As The /. wa
D now IRE, the revenues 10 the government of The
Union, must he raised by duties on foreign goods
1t is within the power Of Congress- by a uroper
t discrimination, m levyng duties necessary ior The
ordinary expense of government, so 10 dlscrimiu-
ate ms to restrict foreign imporralions within mar.
row limits, or compel those with whom we uaffic
TO open their markets 10 the grain grower as well
us The cotton planter terms Of perfect recjpro-
cny. Whether Congress will exert this power,
when II shall be proper, as it must be- TO re-
= consider the subject, is qnestion which cannot
now be settled with that certainty which is neces-
J sary to form safe basis OF State legislation The
existing state of things aud not the prospect of
Il future national legislation, should he the uuss of
any policy, it may please tile Legislature to adopt
touching the subject OF our currency. However
o divided the people OF this Stale NAV be in their
:, opinions as 10 the form in which this question
p shall be settled there cannot be doubt bun they
: nre all united in the desire that il should be finally
adjusted by the present Legislature. The expira-
lion OF The charters OF twenty flour out of thirty
s seven banks OF this State, in January, lS43, de-
!. nands this, not merely measure of sound pol-
e icy, but one of absolute necessity.
The interests and business of the people de-
i mnnd that the capital of those banks whose char
ters expire lS43 if at all consistent with other
e leading considerations, should be retained in that
i business, in some form, 10 be prescribed at this
o time. A large portion of this capital is held by
$ owners in other States. Should the capital of
u those banks he Withdrawn from its accustomed
uses, the portion Of il owned abroad be taken
= home and no means of similar investment pro-
: vided, results must follow, more disastrous 10 tho
. State, Than any. even in The worst times which IL
has hitherto encountered.
e Indiana. Gov. Bgger's message presents raih-
+ er melancholy picture. The public debt is
$i5,0SS ,l56; interest S6l5,000, of which nearly
u all is due, unpaid, and likely to be unpaid for some
;, ;, lime to come The taxable property of the state
II amounts to sos .5l5,736 being an increase of five
1t millions since last year. The revenue is $780,
= SCI md The ordinary expenses of the state lex