Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1841-08-17

in condition TO defy its enemes-to MAINTAIN lie no
nor and interests with peace-or II war were unaso'u
able preserve the lives of thousands who would be sa
crifced if The nation were found unprePartd ior IT,.
Mr. Linn adycrted TO the grov.liing, m-rcenary' sen
sh poli;icaI schemes which the ui public de-
fence had been sacrtfced-the corrupt etconeer'hg
or winch we had such example III the last campaign,
which he did not hesitate 10 pronounce 10 be hJ"
nous From such delestahle scrambles he would pre-
serve the sacred fund, which was beqneathed BY the
States of the Conicteracy TO the Union tor the common
defence.
/ Mr.. Benton followed his colleague MIR. Linn, and,
after strongly contrasting the object of the BILL and the
object of the amendment-the one intended TO strip
and plumber the country, the other to defend it-a-
ter contrasting these Objects both as TO conslitu
tonaty and expectancy, he went warmly and rehe
meny into the necessity of defence nor and took Two
points in the Of relations with Great Britain
as requiring this immediate preparation lie sa,d ne
omitted on purpose all the well known points oil d
ference between the countries for the purpose OF
bringing forward two subjects which the public n'hu
was vet too little informed, and too li'lie awakened
One Of these subjects the Columbia rirer question:
The other related to the organized attempts now aue "
London 10 excite negro instruction IN our Sohsein
States On first Of these heads, he showed that Tue
Convention Of isis first made for ten years, and suhse
openy continued without Limitation OF time, but snoec
10 be terminated notice gwen by either party was IN
equal and iallucious lie showed that tins Convention
was llusory and deceptive that the Jont occupaon'
in fact only extended TO American territory, Amefi
con rivers and American arbors and that from these
Americans all expelled, with the loss Of more thah
five hundred lives, and an Immense waste OF property
l.avnp to the British the exclusive Possesslon not only
or her own bu, of all the American territory besides
He s,id this state of things must De emedcd; that ms
colaaoue had taken the first and proper step moving
10 give notice for the termination oil The Conventions
and his notice must be attended with the proper pre-
,,-,,;ons 10 give it emphasis, the British would treat
Il with contempt and hold 10 our territory IN deii.
,oce of rs even after the Convention at an end
/ The other cause for immediate preparations, Mr. u
enforced by pointing 10 the organized Abolition ooce-
ties now in London, and the appointment oil Lord
Noun.cashe q" bo was favor of eXcug both savage
and serye war against ns to be Governor General OF
| Canada On this point Mr. B. brought the warning
voice of experience 10 his aid, and showed, IRON Id
wards History of the West Indies, that the insurrec-
lion Of San Domingo made, first by the AntiSia.
very Society of London, which held lis meetings the
Old Jewry; secondy, by the Society Of Les inns dcS
vors in Paris kiTdiy, by the letter of the Able Gre
gore sent the people OF color in the island OF San Do
ininco He showed that these and especially the Lon
don Society," the architects of that instruction
n, read many narrowing passages from the description
of the instruction: and showed that the London Snce
tv, work to make instruction here, was doing
every thing which their predecessors at the Old Jewry
| did and was far formidable, and infinitely more
Ia he dreaded. lie then advered 10 the appointment
Of Lord Mountcashel 10 be Governor General of Ca
nada spoke This orr,d declarations in Parliament IN
favor of savage and negro instruction and SAID
if there was Earl OF Chatham in the House OF
men,s the American Senate should no, be silent.
The American Senate, and all America, should rise up
10 denounce such sentments-to brand their author
and 10 consider and prepare for the dire results
He said the party power had Just come for.
ward as the friends of defence after opposing defence
I while We had full Treasury. They were now taxing
and borrowing 10 get money Tor the deences, while
throwing away the money which would accomplish the
object lie looked upon this newborn love Tor deiences
AS mere p5e;ext 10 the loans and taxes: the
Il II, nd thp Fpdn.
raliss that they for loans and taxes by instinct;
that thew were necessary for the strong and splendid
/ Government which they loved; and deiences being
popular they hoped 10 make their loans and taxes no.
pu!ar BY letting little Of them go 10 that object But
this was all aecation Not the twentieth part Of thr
loans and taxes would 90 TO Defence and besides, 1t
vas absurd and contradictory 10 raise money b. loans
and taxes for defence al the time that they were
! throwing away the money which we had IN hand, and
which would accomplish the object He said the vote
on this amendment would show who were the friends
Of national defence, and whether his friends succeeded
in their object not they would al least draw the line
between the DEFENDERS and the PLCNDERERS Of
the country.
Nj Wright Of New York made brief but conclu.
sive speech the constitutional question raised by the
Chairman of the Committee, (Alr Smith OF indiana)
ana then put the question OF distribution or denee 50
far as his Stale was concerned in powerful contrast
We cannot now give even a sketch Of the luminous ar
rar Of lcs and arguments which he brought 10 bear on
this point. Sir. Tallmadge attempted reply, which
was quite worthy of him.
Mr. Sturgeon Of Pennsylvania, after stating that he
was instructed ~ the State Legislature to support
distribution of the proceeds Of the public lands GER
tain conditions. moved an amendment OF the bill IN
compliance with the instructions The amendment
proposed 10 strike out the ten per cent gwen TO the
States.
Mir. Buchanan said he should vote for the amend
/ mcnts proposed hy ms friend and colleague, MI
Sturgeon i and if they adopted, he should then
vote Tor tile bill in obedience to the instructions OF the
/ Legislature of Pennsylvania. These instructions were
plain and explicit on their face. There could be no
! doubt about the import of the language which they
employed Mr.. b. then read these instructions as toll
I lows:
"Resored In The Senate and House Of Representatives.
of Me Communicable IF PENNSYLVANIA in General Is
ssaJy met, That Senators in Congress be, and they
are hereby instructed and Representatives. request
ed to resist any and all attempts under what Pretence
the may be made, TO drPree Mf Peope q
this State Of their just proportion Of The common "ae'"
tie puJc lands: and that they be, ana are mere
By further instructed and requested TO introduce and
advocate the passage Of bill providing Tor the d'sF'
button nf the proceeds of the among the se9ersi
States Tie r0to IF their Federal Tepresen'at'5e Pap"
tatioa undcr tie cf ono thousand e'sht huaarea
and forty
They were thus commanded 10 resist every attempt
to deprive Pennsylvania of her just proportion OF inc
public lands And what was that iu proportion
She had stated it in clear and explicit terms a' au
asserted her claim the most solemn form, 10 such
portion of the proceeds OF these lands as her ecera
! L.
representative population would bear to the Federal
representative population Of The whole un'on' under
the late census. Was this bill, then, IN accordance
with these nsructions' Most certainly It was not on
this question there could not be two opinions Inc po
pulaon Of the whole Union, under the census oil i0io
a little exceeded seventeen millions. That OF rem
| syvana was ,75G,342 According to the ins'fuc-
tons, therefore, she would be entitled 10 receive one
tenth of the proceeds of the public lands Did ihe
bill give her that proportion any thing IKE II;
In the first place, gave 10 each Of the new states
in existence, which might hereafter be aon'',
ted into the Union ten per cent Of the nett proceeds
OF the sales Of the public lands within lis own limits
before any dividend could be made of the remaining
ninety per cent, ard in addition to this II grantee
FIVE hundred thousand 20 each of these States
The manner in winch these provisions would ope-
rate, could be best illustrated by an example Lei
US take the State Of Arkansas. There were within
her limits u, 800 Geo OF public land remaining un
sold Her Federal Representative population was ~,
394, about the eighteenth of the Federal Repre-
sentative population Of Pennsylvania Under this bill
h