Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1840-01-01
Imperaans from New Gre nada. .esth
America.

present condition and future prospects of the repub-
lie of New Granada, formerly part Of the republic
of Colombia, now divided into three.
We have Condensed this valuable intelligence
into the most readable and popular form-so as TO
make it interesting to American readers as well US
to those interests in England, in which latter coun-
try there i. deep interest felt for the destiny of
the South American republics.
Whilstextensive preparations are making in every
par! OF this country for the next presidential cleo
ion the political parties in the Independent Repub
lies of South America, equally acuve IN concert
ing Ia elect their iavorte presidential can
ddate at the Ext tectious particularly is this the
| case in the republic of New Grenada, OF which DR..
Marques is az present president The candidates AZ
they stand at present, Tor the election oi ioo are
LIBERALS CoNsEKvATIvEs.
| Gea Jose Maria Obando, Don Domingo Carcedo,
Dr. Vicente Azuero, Dr. Canapai,
Gen. Herran,
Don Rafael Mosquera.
The four conservative candidates corresp pond in
some respects 10 the four in this country, Clay,
Webster Scott, and Harrison, although it is not pro
bable that they will either be elected The ,liiberal
and ret grade Of Dr. Marques have raised
against him large body of liberal men who wish to
elect either Obando, or AzueTo ana as New Greneda
il in point Of interest TO Mexico, as far as we are
concerned, will state the posiion OF parties there
Dir. Marques was vice president under General
Santander. and his election virtual infringe
ment of the constitution, which prohibits the vice
president, (whCse term OF Office had not expired,
tration of santander many liberal me reev-
ing commercial transactions from many restrictions,
were adopted. He improved the custom mouse
laws made great reforms In working the salt mine
and was making great efforts to away with the
tithes. Dr. Marques succeeded, and has disappoint
ed all the liberals, because he has made no reforms
whatever; he has leaned to the party OF fanatics,
:esdeavored TO perpeuate ali the old ABUSES The
restrictive system in commercial matters has been
kept up; education has not advanced; the improve
ments formerly made in the culture OF tobacco have
been stopped the cultivation Of this plant has con-
sequenty retrograd d. and impetus has been given
to commercial speculations
The administration Of Marques is particularly
censurable Tor the perPetuation OF two evils-the
discriminating duties, and the tithes and first fruits
The prmicia or first fruits, is tn s. on every farm
the parson takes the first calf born within the year.
the first chicken, the first pig, the FIRST bushei oil
wheat or potatoes, or any thing else The tlthes
operate thus: IL man invests capital OF $1,000 IN
wheat, and realscs $1,000 IN harvest time, he has
10 pay TIE parson 500 in money, aud so with every
thing else in proportion TIE discriminating duties
operate thus: after all the common duties are paid,
a duty of five per cent 10 demanded and exacted on
all European goods brought IL New Grenada in
American vessels
This is particularly injurious to the commerce Of
the Uni ed States, and is the reason why there is
scarcely any commerce between the Countries
There only two vessels r gular traders between
New York and Carthagena; these belong to Everett
Of New York, and Nunez OF Carthagena; and hay-
ing the New Grenadian hag, they pay no discrimi-
mating duties, AS all other vessels from the United
States d..
The administration of Dr. Marques has supported
these duties-the opposition have opposed them; and
if they were abolished the ner hants OF New Gre
nada mig hit find a better market tor their produce,
and have European goods at cheaper rate, because
the freight in American vessels is much less than in
British or French.
In the matter of the public debt and the public
credit, great complaints exist against the adminstra
ton Of Marques The division OF the old Colombian
debt was effected by Gen. Santsnder, and New Gre.
NADIA agreed 10 pay 80 per cent OF IT. Saniander had
collected large quantities of quicksilver and tobacco
in the public stores The bondholders o the interior
debt paid Government bonds instead of money fer
the Sc article and diminised the debt Santander
designed the fusds from which Marques has realized
$500 900, which he has sent to London, to pay the
dividends OF the foreign debt Another source Of
complaint against Marques Is e. at he has prevented
the payment Of the dividend OF the interior debt AT
the regular periods prescribed by the Legislature; he
also pre- sened certificates, being issued for those
- censos" or old debts, recognised by law; thus
those who had loaned money to the Treasury in for
mer times, could get no certificate by which they
could draw an annual interest or sell them.
There are important defects IN DIR. Marques ad.
ministraton but they do not comprise all The judi
cal power the surest criterion o. good government,
does not, at present, ENJOY IN New Grenada either
reputation confidence. This, perhaps. is less the
fau, Of the than the system. The uiices OF ma
gistraes temporary; the appointment OF Judges
depends the administration, and the independence
Of the judiciary, the only true guarantee the public
have that they shall obtain handed justice, is
DESTROYED. DR.. Marques has also made scandal Us
traffic and abuse of his power: he has appointed
to the office cf Judge, without merit, or talent,
common probity-or even enjoying any reputation
but merely because they were strong political part
zans and had contributed 10 elevate him to the pre-
sidency In this however, he has only initiated The
example of our men in power, who dispose Of Offices
Of trust and emolument, as il they were their
private property.
The administration Of DR.. Marques has also allied
itself with that i'll LIBERAL party which opposed
popular ucatou and ALEC opposed To the suppress
sion Of monasteries. monks, trars, &c, and making
them work. Santander made great efforts 90 abolish
TIE restraints placed on popular education; but
MARQUES has increased those restraints.
All the abuses and iilibeTa acts haye therefore,
raised up against him a very powerful party, that
will in all probability, upset his intentions to have
one of his party friends elected 10 succeed him. Be-
cause. should the opposition or liberal party sue
these abuses will he done away with and the most
liberal course Of policy pursued in education inter
nal improvements finance, and particn arly with
gard TO 10 the commercial relations 18th the United
States.
The several candidates for Gle cton in so be
thus described Gen. Jose Obando j. q man of high
military reputation, easy manners, good understand
ing aud firm cha. acter; which he showed in the
contest to re-estabsh the empire of liberty in $50
81. Hi party amongst the opposition are numerous
aud powerful DIR Azuero Is a lawyer, very elo-
queni 81 high Literary attsinnents, old and tried
patriot, and has filled several important Offices in
the state with honor and satisfaction. Gen. Santsn-
der will have some votes, but he will not serve
again az president, he being now a member II the
Chamber OF Deputies at Bogota Whether Obando
~ Azuero be elected, either will benefit and al
vance the country ia commerce and civiizatiOa by
liberal and beneficial measures; and whoever ma.