davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
Ihe late elections, 8. Il.

Virginia. g. & Bedford county, "a. ,elec-
ton Of Legislator g supply the place Of Nc.
Elwee lV B. expelled Q. &! New York.
Albany charter election. Q. Kl The signs
Of the times, q. X, and III November our
political condition viii be q. Il.
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03

ANp THEY COME THEY CONE AND STILL THEY
coME!- We are informed thar Gov. HIRAM
g. RUNNrrs, heretofore one of the main Pill.
lars Of Van Buren democracy IN Mississippi
has abandoned the party, and come out open
" for HARRISON and REFoRM,
II the cause IS not onsoard ia Mississippi
then We ere poor judges Of The signs Of the
times.
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03

a IL persons indebted to the estate Of
"A Thomas j. Daniels, decd, are request
ed 10 make immediate payment: and those
having claims against the same, are request
ed 70 present them duly authenticated within
the time prescribed by law or they will be
forever barred,
ROBERT F. SoRELS, Admir-.
ID right OF his wife.
June l2, 1910. 40-6t.
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03

"The opinions of General Harrison on an
the important questions of the day, have
been demanded from him. He has refused
70 answer. dississippidn.
So Mr.. Grundy siad at Baltimore
e thousand citizens Of Cincinnati BY COM
mitleesof ten highly respectable gentlemen,
reply to him that his statement is ''ukerly
FALSE; FALSE IN The general and FALSE IN TIE
detail, FALSE IN the spirit aud substance If he
sOtote charge; and FALsE IN each particular
allegation. .
Try again Mr.. Mssissippian.
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
CHANCERY NOTICE.
sepfRfon CoUn4 81 CnANornY.1 June Term,
81 ne State 81 Mississippi. A. ~. 1910.
John .. Pease, Complainant,

Henry II. Pease, ct. a., Defendants.
Upon opening tho matters Of Ibis Din,
and II appearing to tie satisfaction Of
tie Court that The defendants, Edward
Ford, Nicholas W Ford and II. d. smedes,
are not inhabitants of this State. but reside
beyond The limits thereof, 70 that The ordi-
nary process Of this court cannot be execu-
ted on them: Therefore, II Is ordered that
unless said defendants appear before the
Chancellor az The court room ID Jackson The
frst Monday in December next, and plead
answer Of demur 70 the bib Of complaint
aforesaid, the several matters ihereOf will
De taken for confessed, and such order and
decree made therein as The Chancellor may
deem equitable and JUST II Is further Or
dersd that a copy Of this order Be inserted
In the YazoO City Wing, once a week for
two months successfully.
Attest,
r. L. DIXON, Clerk.
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
ALEX. IL. RINGGOLD,
JOSEPH G. FERRIDAY.

N. Orleans, May 8, 1910. July 3-52-6..
The Yicksburg Wing, Grand Gulf Adver-
tiser, Manchester Wing, Woodville Repub-
lican, jackson Sun, and Fayet,e Advertiser
will publish for one month aud send accounts
and papers 10 Ferriday y RInggoId, Natchez
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
DTSSOIJTION.

Y yEIE co-partnership OF w. & r. Ferriday
81 Co, oflIatchez, and Bennett, Ferri-
day q Co, Of New Orleans. are this day dis
solved by mutual consent William FerFi
day and John Routh are alone charged with
the settlement Of the affairs of w. 81 r.
Feriday 81 Co, and are authorized to use
the co-parlnefship name Of said firm for the
purposes of liquidation and Henry l.. Ben
nett and John Routh are charged with the
settlement ofihe affairs Of Bennett, Ferriday
& Co.. and are authorized to use the co
partnership name of said firm for the pur.
noses of liauidation
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
DISSOLUTION.

TIME Co-pntnershiP heretofore existing
between r. 4. a. Fl. LEAvEL, was dis
solved on the 9th ult. by mutual consent.
All those having claims against said firm viii
present them to II. Leavel for payment, and
those owing said firm or that Of II. r.. LeaVel
q Co, will please come forward and make
to II. LeaYel.
T. +. LEAVEL,
III. LEAVEL.
Yazoo City, May IL, I640. asst.
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
NOTICE.

IEyHE subscribers have entered into CO
partnership here and in Natchez, for
the purpose of iransactiAg a General Com
mission Business. The firm in this city will
be RinggoId 81 Ferriday, and ia Natchez
I9ar,;,lav ~ Ringuoid
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03

ror of 81 opposed Il the x
tanc Ike il lhis country ncreeiler.
No Ia ia il known, nor can settled opln
ion s. formed Is 70 The future policy Of tho
government, II administered By him, upon
this subject, whetherit win .fav0r or Oppose
the existance 81 banks ID this country.
We say that the people are il tie dark
upon this question; they ere elecaoneering
ID favor Of Van Buren ID The dark and i
no avoWal Is made By him, Or hIs response
be and confidential friends, they will 60 70
the polls and vots for him II the dark; with.
out knowing or without The means 81 know
ling whether Nj. Van Buren il il favor d
Or opposed 70 the future existance Of banks
ii this country
Mr.. Van Buren has avowed himself OPP
posed to National Bank ION this subject
his principles are distinctly known; bu.
since the utter disuse Of banks Of all kinds
has been promulged and insisted upon BY
the horde Of destructive politicians, Mr.. Van
Bnren has never said that be was or was not
in favor Of the doctrine. IN 1886 and ~
he was decidedly not only in favor Of bank
ing BY State Corporations but IN fovor Of the
system cf State Banking which then existed.
This is abundantly evident from his Sherrod
Williams letter and other documents Of that
day. But who can tell how far he favors
the new doctrine Of the enlire annihiIation
Fof al banks! Since the doctrine has been
advocated he has uniformly shaped his re-
marks upon the subject Of banking, 80 that
they would bear either construction. II any
one doubts our position, we challenge him
70 come into our columns and state Mr.. Van
Burenss sentiments and adduce any reason
able proof. We shall refer 10. this subject
again.
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03

slhe.ab5ye IS picture ct our. tree institutions
as illustrated ID the different branches o business
forming the great connecting chain which binds
oar kepu6lc together The ssuEIoN of THR ST kTEs's
--ssIHs TkMpGR o. LlnERIxsi--ttrHR CONSTITUTION
AND TIE Laws srlIE AaiERIc AN F1Aesi-rHE HAa-
HEe. 1HE PLouoa. and THE woRKsHor--afe all sub
ectawbich iormthe glory & honor 81 our country.'
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03

.ShaIl We GO sailing. as lhe buzzafd
said 70 the dead horse
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
NOVICE.

e. =. DIAUN, Clerk.
June IL, 1910. lPr. Gee al5l 50-0t
The Yazoo City Whig and political register., 1840-07-03
NOTICE.

Yazoo4 City, May II, $40.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
Robert

.4necaote Of BUraS.--W hen Robert
Bnrns was very young lad, he happened
at an ale house 10 fall into company con-
sisting of several sectarians and members
of the episcopal and presbyterian church.
When warm with potations, they entered
upon keen debate about their respective
persuatons, and were upen the point of u.s.
ing arguments more iUrcible than words,
when Burns said, "Gentlemen, it has now
been twice my hap to see the doctrines Of
peace made the cause of contention; must
tell you how the matter was settled amongst
half dozen of honest women, over cup
Of caudIe, after baptism. They were as
different in opinion and each as tough in
disputalion as you are, till a wife that had
said not a word, spoke up, 'Kimmers, ye
are "a for letting folk hne but ane road 10
heeven. It's puir place that has but ane
gait lil'l. There's more than four gails to
ilka bothy in Highlands or Iowlands, and
It's no canny to say theirs but ane gait 10
the mansions of blessed" The disputanls
of the aIe-hDuse were sienced, and Buns
led the conversation 10 the merrlment Ci
earlng over their cups Of caudle'
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
FEMALE DECEPTION

The New York express relates the fol- |.
lowing scheme Of deception as new mod /,
adopted TO raise the wind by an elderly,
widow-looking lady. She called al fancy
store in Hudson street, some weeks since,
wishing to purchase some capes, collars,
&c The stock was shown 10 her, but
none of them were sufficiently distingue
TO suit her taste, as she was going 10 the
fashionable watering places and wished
something particularly new, both in design
aud workmanship. H. however, they would
get some made for her, according to the pat
tern she should furnish, she would be will
ing to make large bill, and delay her
journey four or five days for the purpose
of waiting for them. The order was of
course gladly accepted, and she then re-
collected that there was young lady in
Amos street who made such things ex-
tremely well and she would be pleased if
they would employ her. This wish was
also complied with, and person despatch.
ed to the young lady with the order, who
stipulated that they should be delivered at
the time required. True to the time, she
appeared with her work, receiving her pay
and departed, requestinga continuance OF
the storekeeper's lavors.
1t is needless perhaps to say,lhe elderly
lady never returned, aud it was subsequent.
| ly discovered that she had been distributing
similar orders pretty freely in dfleren
parts Of the city, always making it a sine
qua non that the young lady in Amos stree
should be employed to execute them. /
appears that they are mother ard daughter
having quite variety OF aliases to thei
uame, land by this practice she has conlriveC
for some time past, not only to support
themselves, but o keep several other youni
girls IN constant employment.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
THE NEWS.

We have again news lrem Earope by the
way Of Boston. 1t is certainly of less im-
portance than it was supposed the intelI-
gence would be.
Beyrout has fallen by bombardmen'
from British ships OF war.
The King of Holland has abdicated his
throne in favor of his son. The cause is
his attachment to Catholic lady, whose
religion was bar 10 the marriage Of the
King.
The Princess Augusta, Of England, who
has been long tine i'll, died Oh the 25!h OF
September.
The rumor of the attack upon, and des-
truction Of, the Fort of Bogue, at the en-
trance of the Bocca Tigris, in China, by
the British, is important, especially as it is
accompanied with promise that the attack
upon Canton will Immediately follow. This
if true, will not be without effect upon 'ht
views ard profits Of those in this country
who hold large quantities Of China pro
duce.
Oar thanks are due to friend for copy
Of the Boston Times Extra, containing the
aboye.--.U. 5. Gaz.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
ELECTION FRAUDS.

An mvestigation of system of Election
Frauds If most astounding character have
been going on before the Courts of New
York c,ty, Philadelphia and Baltimore for
saveral days past. Disclosures have been
made, affecting the reputation OF some OF
the most respectable and prominent wings
of tuUse cities. From aflidavits published,
i, appears that large number Of whig votes
wole transported from Philadelphia to New
York IN the fall of 1898 and spring of 1889,
and hat arrangement had been made to
trspspors several hundred to Baltimore to
vote a, The late MAY or's Election, and the
detection Of several false certificates OF ma
turalzation, by forged entries in the records
of The Courts of Philadelphia. In conse-
Cncnce of these disclosures, those cities
haya beeI flung into the greatest state OF ex-
msa,. Statements and contradictory state
meDti, swearing and cross swearing Is the
order of the day. among the implicated
Whtt is the result Of the investigation, or
how many has been committed, we have
no, y.I learned. We hope that it will be
proceeded with until every man who is in
anv wav connected with this base transac.
i.oH ehall be brough. to that punishment
which very man justly deserves, who tam
pers with the purity of the elective fran
chise. Whether high or low, rich or poor
let thgm be prosecuted 10 the utmost exten
ol .hs aw, II we have laws, let them b'
cafulaad. If we would preserve our liber
ties aud protect our rights through the puri
" c he ballot boxes against the maehina
uens 1t base poliuoel scoundrels, they mus
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

DELAYS ARE DANGEROUS.--So tits with
those who neglect their COLDS and COUGH
At first you complain of having Cold which is
neglected; after which soreness is experienced in
the BrOnohia with Hacking Cough, and finally
the disease settles upon the lungs, which the patient
will soon perceive by wasting away of the body,
ate ded with hectic fevers and splitting up Of tOy-
id GiO0a and matter from ulcers the lungs; pain
and weight is also experienced at the affected part
of the lungs; the functions of the animal economy
grow languid; the body becomes dry; the eyes sink
deep within their cavities; at length the patient
pays the debt of nature, when he Is fatterng him.
self with the hopes of a speedy recovery To OBJ
viate all those distressing symptoms "Spare nc
Time" in procuring the above Invaluable Medicine
at the very commencement of your Cold and
Coughs whereby your health may be secured anc
time and money saved.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

Curious Defniti0n ofa Kiss.---Extract
from Love Letter, wrlaon in the year
1879, translated from the German.
"Vhat is kiss A kiss is, as ii were
seal expressing our sincere ada hmenl;
the future Of Ger future union; a heart; a
present which al the Same time that it is
given, is taking away from us; the impress
ion of ardent attachment on an ivory coral
press the striking of two flints against one
another; crimson baIsam for love. .woun.
ded heart; sweet bite of the lip; and ahec.
tionate pinching Of the mouth; a delicious
dish which is eaten with scarlet spoons;
sweetmeat which does not satisfy hunger
fruit which is planted and gathered at the
same time; the quickest exchange Of ques
tions and answers OF two lovers; the fourth
degre of love.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

Eopel Rat Trap.---A correspondent has
sent MS the following account of newly in
vented rat trap, which has already been used
wuh sueces. Take barrel and stretch a
skin Of parchment over it with string; cut
i, across aud pthwart nearly to the outside.
Fake some dripping aud mix it with meal;
smrar it on the middle of the parchment.
Tue rats will smell it. and treading on the
parchment ii will give "ay and they will
C.l into the water in the barrel. Put a
plarG for them to creep up to the barrels
irnk and oatmeal on it, You must not let
che water be too deep, but set brick end
yyays in it, and The first rat that is caught
wtl make a noise, which will entice more,
So ,hat ihev will fight for possession of the
b-,ck and the noise will draw others. Thus
in ,ne night the house may be cleared OF
1a,,, be they ever so numerous Mice and
otbrr varmints may be caught in similar
~ sauer..-N Nontrsal papers,
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
NOTICE.

ALL persons ha'ng claims or any de-
mand, whatsoever, against the subscribers,
are requested to come forward bstOre the
10Th of November for settlement,
SCHUYLER, FRlCK, g. Co.
At Bridge No. l, OH the Catlawissa Rail
Road.
The Settlements will be made by Theo-
dore Wei S, in Cattawissa, or Thomas Ell
lis and B. p. Frlck, at the Rail Road
Bridge.
S., F. g. Co.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
ETEl[NNTIANo

MARRIED--In Cambria on Sunday,
October 8 by John Covenhoven Esq. Mr.
GEORGE MCCARTHY of Huntingdon
county to Miss SUSANNAH PROPST
of Orangeville.
In Greenwood, October IL, by Elder
John Suttcn, Mr.. JOHN LEMON to Miss
ELIZABETH LUNDY.
BY the same October 22d in SugarloaI
Mr. CHARLES CONNER to Miss SA-
RAH COLEMAN.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

The lIethOdiStS IN CanGda.----TheMeth-
odists in Canada now consist of nearly a
hundred thousand souls. They have sprung
up in few years from very small begin
nings, and under many disadvantages. Ii
is not many years, saws the Quebec Gazette,
since the only Methodist preacher in Low
er Canada, was ncarcerated several months
in the Quebec Goal for libel; and in Upper
Canada, there were only a few wandering
missionaries They have now numerous
substantial Churches; College of their
own; and many able and respectable preach
ers.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
TAILORING BUSINESS.
n H(JWELL. n, (O.

Inform their friends and customers, that
they have removed their shop into the build
ing next door to the Office of the Columbia
Democrat, nearly opposite St.Pau's Church,
Main.street, where they will at all times be
ready to receive orders for cutting and max.
ing all kinds of garments, and they assure
The public that all work entrusted to them,
shall be done in fashionable and workman.
like manner.
N. B. Particular attention paid 10 cut.
ting.
Bloomsburg, Oct, 10, 1910.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
7zeO.4l; OCTOBER 81, 1910.
CONSIDERATION.

The oOrangeviIle Union Church" will
he ronsecrated on Saturday, the 3lst of
Oc,oher inst, and meetings will de continu
ed Cor Two or three days. Preaching may
be expected from Clergymen of different
porsuasioas in both English and German.
Ciuaeus generally are invited to attend.
'rhe papers in the county are requested to
copy this notice
Qrargevile Oct 3, 1910.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
Es.EszEEEgyEAzza

Luck.-A poor aged woman, who had
long earned her livelihood by knitting, one
day coming to the end of her worsted ball
or cluse, found it to be wound on piece Of
old newspaper, which she had the curiosity
to read; when to her asionlshment and de-
light, she discovered it to contain an adver-
tisement respecting herself, as the heress Of
large property.-LiverPoOl Paper.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
l7l.l7-t1fE7
TIE FIRST GUN FROM
Sc ~ Z Z SARSLsI ! " e.
o. K.

Az. 5 Ike the handle of a jug, all on
one de- The Van Buren party have cleo
led very member of Congress hut one, and
smo-t every member Of the Legislature and
give majority of about 10000 in favor Of
Van nureu' Enough in all conscience for
one .i,e State. We wonder if our neigh
Dos VII now claim South Carolina as doubt
full
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

n Report PrOgresaiOnal.-A Physician
passing by stone mason, bawed cut 10
him, Good morning, Mr.. u: hard at
work, | see you finish your gravestOnes as
far as In memory OIL and then you wait, |
suppose, TO see who wants monument
next" "Why, yes" replied the old man
resting for moment on his maIet, 'unless
somebody is sick; and You are docIoring
him, then keep right on ~
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

A horse on Fridey took fancy to dance
through miliner's window in the Bowery,
and succeeded in breaking the whole sash
out, and killing himself. lie plunged
through, pushed back, and fell dead on the
walk. The lady who was arranging things
in the window at the time the assault! was
made, sprang back and left her new custo-
mer to try on what he pleased in his OWN
way. 80. brother Jonathan.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

Sailors Yarn..---A sailor was once tel
ling OF country where the sun was SO hot
that the inhabitants used no Are.
- How do they bile their Ujtties then %
said al elderly lady.
Why you see," said Jack, " a big glass
is rugged in the tops of the chimneys, whicf
brings the sun in focus right in the kettle
- LA me, what curiS world" said tn,
old lady, as she replaced her spectacles OF
her nose.----SyracuSe Sjgnat.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

We are requested TO give notice that an
assemblage of the citizens of this place,
favorable to vocal music, is requested at
the School House, on Saturday evening
next, Nov. 7, at which time and place
VIM. Kahler will attend and exhibit his ex-
amples and explain his system Of teaching
the same,
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

laras,erA weeks our paper has been al
mos. entirely filled with political matter, for
which the importance of the political con,
tes, Just closed in this state, is our only eX-
cuse' But as the election has now closed,
wo shall b, enabled TO pay more attention to
our miscellaneous readers, and give our
usual compliment of domestic and foreign
news.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
-. q - -

LOngerity.----Ihe Post Ampt Gazette,
Of Frankfort says there now lives at Nos.
COW, the widow of dealer in skins, who
has attained her 18TH year. When 1913,
she married her fflh husband. All her al.
liances have been prosperous and happy
She is still in possession of all her menta
faculties.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

"A Queer Name.-Among the subscribers
10 a Baltimore publication, is The name Of
Original Herring. The Boston Transcript
recommends that if he wants mate he
should look in or near Taunton river. lie
is Certainly an original-nominaIly so, at
least-and, therefore, should not be passed
off as secondhand furniture.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

The Effect Of TraaspOrtatiOn.---Joh
Grady. who was transported boy, to Sid
ney, New South Wales, fifteen years since,
has purchased there 800 acres of land and
500L. worth Of cattle, and has written for
several members Of his family to be Sent
out 10 him.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

Van Buren's majority in 1886; 4,364--
Porter's majority in 1898: 5,496.---Demo-
cratic majority in 1910: 1850.
The election returns will show poll oil
upwards of $50 900 votes.-.much the great.
est number ever cast in the state, except a
the election in 1888.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
10 izO LAlDGAB
XGwEeOn',

ENFORMS his friends and customers that he has
ri just received the latest
FALL & WINTER FASHIONS.
from PHILADELPHIA and is now prepared to do
work in the most fashionable style, and in work.
manlike manner, at short notice. He thanks his
friends for former fsvors, and solicts con inuance
of their custom.
Bloomshurg, Oct. 81. 27tf
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

Full Fa8hionS.- Sabbath morning,
young iaay was seen vending her way
TO church with EiGSLer buttons on her wrists,
and a hole as big as ninepence; an the heel
Of her stocking says the Providence Re-
publican Herald.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
WANTED
A JOURNEYMAN COOPER.

THE Subscriber wishes to hire jour
neyman Cooper, 10 whom good wages aud
steady employment will be given.
ALSO
An apprentice to the Coopering business
is wanted Immediately. A smart acuve lad
will receive good encouragement upon APP
plicalion TO WILLIAM KELLY.
Bloomsburg, October 3, 1910.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31
11EysyHag4z.ill, 49,

A Que8tion.-.-IG ycur mothers mother
was nv mothers sisters aunt, what relation
would your great grand fathers uncle's ne
phew be to my elder brothers. first cousins
son-in.law
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

If you intend marrying for love,pay your
addresses to the lady herself; if legacies
court those who are to leave them; and il
for connexion, court the whole family.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1840-10-31

Effects Of the Penny POStage'-A fine
stag, present from the Marquis OF Breadal-
bane 10 the Majesty, was forwarded by the
mail last week to WIndsor--Dmadee COur-
ier,