Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1840-08-27
lLorres pona ~nce OF me Herald
LIVERPOOL, July rs, 1910.


usually in one hour, and very often in less time, the
distance being 30 miles, and the fare six shngs in
the first class of coaches. to which the English adj
here, having never adopted any thing like the long,
single bodied American passage cars. Each coach,
contains only six seats, and each usually con
veys three of these coach bodies separations. As
regards railroads in this country, may be remark
ed, they generally better built than eurs, and in
every respect to right OF way, SC, cost double
much, and in some four times as much as
Simply obtaining the charter for the London and
Birmingham road with some branches before parlia-
ment cost the company ESO,OOO The Great Wes-
tern railway passing from London Bristol, is
the most expensive road in the Kingdom lii Sc
ven ieet wide, and is built in q sustainth
heaviest engine. saw large engine first built for
this road at the works Of Messrs. Sharpe, Roberts
Il Co. in Manchester, which is calculated to weigh
when charged with water, &c % tons. They make
frame and all Of iron,ne wosd is either in the
CINE or tender. They calculate Of these engines
will convey passenger trains Of 300 people, more,
at the rate OF DO miles per hour. In this country
every crossing is either tunnelled bridged, and
no enginei ever stopped the account Of hog or
cows With their rapid travelling, their police and
care are placed on an excellent fostng.
The milage travelling, however, is higher here
than with us, in the same description of cars-and
is generally from to cents per mile.
Manchester is reckoncd the second town in Eng
land, if not in the United Kingdom. Its growth,
since the Invention of Arkwrightin roller spinning,
has been very rapid. Lancashire, containing Liver
pool and Manchester, with part Of York shire,
Stafordshire, Nottingham and Derbyshire, from the
extent, and improv ement in every description of
manufacture Of cotton wool, may be considered the
wcathiest portion OF Great Britain, and inc ludes
more railroad and mail road investments than any
other portion Of England, and cannot wn much less
than f9,Oc0000 sterling in this species Of property
As expect to visit Manchester again and make a
longer stay, will hereafter give you some further
account OF the place
OF Sheffield, i can say something more, having
spent two or THREE days in the place. This town is
on the river Don. With Manchester it has com
| muncation, as yet, except by stage coach and wa
| CONS. From Huddersfsld TO Manchester there is a
canal, which, in passing the highest range Of hills
found between st Georges Channel and the Ger
man Ocean, each side Of England, rise more than
1900 feet above the level of the sea. Through this
ridge, this canal, ~ miles long, has tuanel miles
IN length; that, from Liverpool 10 Huddersield
81 miles, there is canal communication. They are
constructing two railroads from Manchester, one to
Leeds, and the other to sheffield. The latter, in
crossing the high and barren hills just alluded to-
they say will require tunnel Of or miles long
From Sheffield, canal passes from the river Don
the river Humber, or TIMBER, and establishes n
communication with Hull &c. Sheffield also comma
| ncates with Hull, Leeds, birmingham, Derby and
London, by railroad.
Sheffield takes it's name from Sheave River, a
small stream that cmrtcs into the Don at this place
Ga Sheavc River there "a field, which, in part,
belonged TO Mr. Vickers, whose sous still reside in
Sheffield and belong To the extensive steel nasu-
featuring company Of the celebrated house OF yer
a. Co. What was ncientiy called I" >heavefeld, -
became "Shefheld," near To which spot, stood the
ancient town oi Halam, which was celebrate fer
making pixies for the arms at the ancient Brtons -
iallam, however, was conquered by the Romans,
and fortified by them. In the neig hborhoed of
w es q r Of m f.l
tilcato,, are pointed out. In the year 200 10 500
A. ID, Hallam conquered and overrun by mort n
ern hordes, called Thames. The Lords of Halan
were long distinguished in English History and
believe OF their descendants took par in the
crusading wars for the recovery Of the Holy Land.
About the year A. ID. 1900, Sheffield had acquired
considerable reputation as town, and was s.ted
by King John, IN his wars against his Bsron., who
ultimately compelled him to sligo Magma Chdrta, 1T
Rum emede near London King John, however, was
well received aud treated on the occasion of h,
visit To Sheffield, Of whose wealthy citizens en-
tertaincd him with much pomp and hospitality,
which caused John to sestow considc rablc privile-
ges on the town. Sheffield Is now manufacturing
town Of great importance in the articles o. steel and
cutlery Of all descriptions. For this purpose she
is admirably situated. The river Don runs throug
the town. between considerable hills, and the water
power afforded by the fall in the river, great
advantage in their steel works. and especially before
the invention Of the steam engine Here the same
water Is used over great many times The coal.
likewise, in the neighborheod, is very a undaut,
In digging il, very deep shafts have been made and
excavations cut as at Newcastle, extending in some
instances, two and three miles under ground The
coke which they prepare from tins coal is adnira-
bly, adapted for converting iron into steel Sher
field contains a population Of near 100000 inh hi
tants and about 800 900 tons Of coal nu-
ally IN her manufactures. To coRvert iron into
steel, and carry IL through all the processes Of cast
ing. forging and hammering, until II Is reduced into
rods Of a suitable size for making penkBivcs and
other instruments OF fine cutlery, requires tea tons
Of coal to one OF steel
Co., now Nayor, Hutchinson. Vickers Il Co, and
Sanderson n Co. are by Ear the most extensive-
Of the two, Sandcrson Co. are the most extensive
and both make excellent steel, which is exton-
sively known and used in the United States 1 went
throug heut both establishments, and witns ssci eve
W process through which the bar OF iron passed be-
fore u became steel The bars are first imbcdded in
pare wood charcoal, and put in a rye furnace,
which is sealed or closed, to exclude the atmos-
phere Beneath this, strong and powerful charcoal
fire - kert mp for nearly week and the mass Of
wood coal ant iron, in the meantime is kept al ne
N a white heat. Bars are occasionally draw n from
the side Of the furnace by the worknen for them 10
see when il is sufficiently carbonzed. When
the process ~ completed the bars are removed. and
presents blackened and bIisicrcd appearance. II
Is now called blisfered steel IL is now bsokcn nm
in small pieces with hammer, ard Is thep put int
clay pots made for the purpose. and is then placed
in strong air-furnaccs The pots being herneiica
y sealed. The heat ~ Kept up till pot and contents
acquires white heat, and is then removed: the ton
taken of, and the melted metal poured into iron
moulds. II is now called ingots, or pigs of steel
These pigs are then again ated and fore ed under
tilt hammers into any desired form and size; and
much OF n is rolled into thin sheets for saws and
ether purposes. Other pieces are again forged for
files and for various kinds Of CUTLERY. To give vou
some idea ~ the extent OF these works, Sandcrson