Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1840-05-19

fore his DEATH reference TO the Declaration Of indie
pcndence and its fruits, he said, letter 1913:
"Alay It be TO the world, what believe it will be (tc
some parts sooner, 10 others later, but finally TO all
the signal of arousing men to burst the chains under
which inonkls ignorance and superstition had pcrsua
dcd them to bind themselves, and 10 The bless
Ings and security of sclf-govcrnment. That form
which sc have substituted the free right to The
unbounded exercise OF and freedom o opinion
All eyes are opened opening, the rights of man.
The general spread of the light of science has already
laid open to every view the pal pablc TRUTH that Hle
mass OF mankind has not been born with saddles on
their backs avorte few booted and spurred,
dy 10 ride them lcgmately, by the grace of God
These extracts distinctly show that broad differences
of opinion existed among the fathers of the Republic
These differences exhibited themselves III the conven
tons TO form the State Constitutions and more srk
ingly in the con vention that formed the Federal Con
s,uon. The Democratic principle struggled 10 9ive
the people direct control possible over the Ge
neral Government, leaving to the States all powers not
absolutely necessary to the general welfare, while thu
anti Democratic sought to supcrscde the State Govern
mcnts, and the Executive and Senatorial
branches of the General Government entirely, and The
representative, far practicable from the poPu!a
control. With some concessions 10 the antI-Dcmocra
tic party in the election Of the Executive and Senate
which the spirit OF people has rendered nugatory ~
practice, the Constitution offered TO the people Of the
States essentially Democratic, and was adopted
with few explanatory amendments.
! Washingtom's Administration.
Washngton the Father of his Country, made
the first President, and John Adams the advocate o.
Monarchy, the Vice President Thomas Jefferson, the
purest of Democrats, appointed Secretary Of State
and Alexander Hamilton, who the friend oi III,
British system, with all lis c"rrnpions, Secretary o
the Treasury; Gen. Knox Secretary Of War, and
Edmund Randolph, Attorney General, both the pot
cal friends Of Hamilton Jefferson had Just returned
from France, where he had been Minister, and thus
speaks OF the state things around the President, VIZ
1.-The President received me cordially, and my ca"
leagues and The circle of principal! citizens apparently
with welcome. The courtc sizes Of dinner parties gwen
me, a stranger newly arrived among them, placed
me al thcr familiar society. But Cannot dcs
crIbc the wonder and modification with which the Ia
bic converse filled Politics the chicf to
pic, and preference Tor kinny republican go
v"rnnent evidently the lnyorItc sentiment. An
aposlalc cond moi be, ye, hypoclitc and found
myself for the most part the.ony advocate o" the Rc
publican SIDE Of the question, unless among the guests
there CHANGED 10 be member OF that party from
the legislative houses
He relates the following remarks made on one dinner
OCCASION viz "Ailrr the clot! removed, converse
ton led the British Constitution which Mr.
Adams observed'purge that Constitution OF ITS cor
rupion and TO lis popular branch equality OF repre-
scntalion aud II would he the perfect Constitu-
ton devised by the vii OF man Hamilton paused
and SAID purge Of us corrupon and you make Il an
imprdrtCaMc government; II stands now, with All rs
supposed defects, it is the most perfect government
which existed
States Bank.
Hamilton the leading spirit oi The ca5inct.-
More, IS To the future character oi the Government,
depended the organization and administration OF The
Treasury Department. al that tnIc Than OH any other
department Of the Government; and Hamilton, true to
his principles set about constructing system winch
should create influence IN Congress sufficient TO
couutcract the will Of the people and asslmate that
body to the corrupt Parliament oil Great Britain. a
large amount of certificates Of public debt for articles
furnished during the Revolutionary was outstatd
ing, which had been purchased hy spectators al hal
10 one-tenih Of their nominal amount Hamilton pro-
posed 10 fund these at par and majority beng Sc
cured for the project, of the members were ena.
bled 10 make large sums OF money, buying them ~
indirectly before, the bill passed His next PROJECT was
the assumption of the State debts contracted during the
revolutionary and then much depressed, IN rcIa
ton 10 which much the same game was played these
means secured temporarily majority III Congress
But, saws MIR. Jefferson some engine "t influence
more permanent must be conlrivcd, while these myr
midoms were still in place TO carry It through all oPpo-
. stion. TINS ENGINE WAS THE BASS or Tnr UNITED
, STATES. 'While the government remained at fh'la-
dcphia selection III members OF houses were con
stautly kent directors who every question inter
csting to that institution the views OF the Federal
head voted at The will Of thai head and together with
the stockhodng members, could always make the te-
deral vote that oil majority. BY this comhinaton e-
pisative exposons given 10 the constitutions and
all the administrative laws were shaped on the model OF
England and 50 passed .
.tIlrrc, then, was the real ground, continues MIR.
{ Jefferson, 'of the opposition which was made 10 the
course Of the Administration It's object was t" pre-.
serve the legislature pure and independent of the cX
rcutvc to restrain the Administration 10 Republican
forms and principles, and not permit the Constitution
to be construed into monarchy and TO he warped IN
practise into all the prime Piles and Pouons OF their Ia
vorite English model Nor was THIS an opposition IL
Cen Washington. lie true 10 the Republican
CHARGE contidcd 10 him. and has solemn and repeated
Is protested 10 me- in our convcrsatians that he would
lose the last drop of his blood in support of IL and he
did this the oitcner and with the more carncsness be-
cause he knew my suspicious OF Hamilton designs
ora;nst il. and wished 10 quiet them For he moi
aware Of the drift effect Of Hamilton schrmcs-un
ycrsed in financial projects and calculations aud bud
vets his appreciation Of them was bottomed on his con
l idcnce III the man
or;riu or The Republican and Fed era Parties.
When The bill to establish Nationa! Bank pre-
scuicd TO President Washington he icsatcd as to CIV
mo his approval He asked the opinion of the Sc
crrtary of the Treasury 10 the precise time at winch
ho ten DAYS allowed the President by the Constitution
to consider BILL would expire, and kept It until the
last moment. The opinions of the members of ms
cabinet we're taken and that occasion Jefferson and
Hamilton took their stands at The head of the two great
political schools which have ever since divided The
country Then achieved The irsl great triumph
NJ The nris,ocralic principle the true spirit and IN
tents of the Federal Constitution. To that act are t.
he attributed most Of the cmhIttrrcd political cXcite
nrnls and large portion oi the actual nlIschIeis
which have aglalcd and distressed the country ever
. since 1t is true that the Republican party in Isl
faithful TO their principles and to the Constitution
refused to the charter of that Bank, and II
wound up its affairs but the example was set
Washington had signed the bill, precedent had been
obtained, which, in 1876 led to the establishment OF
another with threefold strength the power of winch
over the country IFS influence over Congress The DIS
trcss panic terror and ruin il is capable OF scattering
abroad when lis interests existence may be in dan
GER are fearrliy illustrated in the events Of the last
ten years.
The influence and integrity of Washington prevent
ed any signal exhibition OF The practical effects Of t'
Aristocratic principle during his administration No
man was more devoted the of liberty or TO the
success of the new form of government The hesitan
: cy and apprehension with which be had given his as,
sent 10 the bank BILL rendered hun the more alert "a
check other attempts I" enlarge the powers OF The go
vernmen and prevent the consequences from this ac
which Mr. Jefferson had anticipated. In these efforts
tie force of lis character and the fear of bis dissent