The spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1840-1844, 1840-06-12

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hare an absolute negotire in the passage Of all
State lars.
1t may also he proper to explain to you the prn.
cples avowed by John Adams, the federal Presi.
dent of the United States from 1897 to 1901, mud
who was superseded by MIR Jefferson. In work
published by him. before his election to the Presi-
dency, he put forth the following sentiments -
"Thc distinction opoor and rich as necessary in States
OF considerable extent ms labor and good government
me poor are destined to labor, and the rich b,
the advantages OF education independence and
leisure are qualified for superior stations The natural
aristocraGy should r,rciycits narr and Just weight in
society, BY givins its regd power 10 appeal To against
nations are divided into two sorts the Gentlemen, and
the Simpi,tnen word which is here used to signify
mon peopie, or lab0rers hsbanmcn, mechanics &c aud
the Gentlemen will ordariy be richer and born
noted families"
an should undertake to say that there never WINS
good Government in the world that id not consist of the
three species, monarchy, ari>tocrary md democracy,
think may make good" al shall show in anoer
place, that nobHty or gentry, in popular government,
no, overwhelming it, is The rery Htf 0nd som otH"
| will here add an extract of Il letter from that
distinguished patriot, John I.angdon, of New
Hampshire, addressed to General SamucI Il ihgod,
of Maryland, under date ofhe 10th of Ocoh'r,
1900: ''lu the conversation held between Mr. Ad-
ans, Mr. Taylor, and myself, Mr. Adams certainly
expressed hmsef(a far us my memory serves
mc) IN the very words mentioned in your letter,
that IL to say, that he hoped expected to the
day when Mr. Tay Tor and his friend Mr. Gcs;would
be convinced that the people of America would
not be happy without an hereditary Chief Magls-
trate and Senate, or ut least for fc.' This it
will be seen, was whilst Mr. Adams was Presi-
dent of the United States.
You will precelve, my friends, that Mr. Adams
includes under the denomination of SimpicmeR,
the farmers and mechanics According to his au-
thorlty, then eore you are not Gentlemen hut SIM
plemca How he would rank me, were he now
lNhg-whether among the Gentlemen or the Sim
liemen-l cannot say. Probably however, the
same as yourselves snce my father was farmer,
and aas brought up on a farm, and amongst fan
mcrs, though afterwards became lawyer. Eut
SO far As may be permitted to have II choice III
the matter, It Is to remain a simpicmaR WiM yOu.
Such were the doctrines and plans of General
Hamilton and Mr.. Adams, and as soon as Gen.
Washington retted from the Government they
took rapid strides towards carrying them into exc
cuton indeed the former, as Secretary of the Treas
ury, during the administration of General Wash
ngton, was covcrtly through the establishment of
II National Bark, anl the funding system, LAYING
his foundation for future opcraiois 1t was to
these first aft.rcpublicnn acts, especially to great
Bank, that Mr. Jefferson opposed himself, AS being
both unconstitutional and ineXpcdinn A schism
in the cabinet of General Washington was the con-
sequence, and Mr. Jefferson retired from the De-
partncnt of State, and went into private life.
Here then we have view of the principles
upon which the federal party '"as established.
The principles of Mr.. Jefferson, who may be con-
sdcrcd the first and great head of the dem
ocraiic party of this country, are contained in the
Declaration of Independence which was drawn up
by him, and were also proclaimed in his naugu-
ltl address rs President, delivered ON the 18th of
March 1901.
But we may obtain still further view of their
character, by the following passages from hi. pub
li'hrd correspondence.
"We may say with truth and meaning, tina, governments
less republican, they have less
the element Of popular election and c0nir0' IN their
position; and lettering, as do, that he mass of nc
ct:rns is he sqica depository Of hfh rights, am
Gicnd to that composition Of rerer,ntni ,rhich ha,
in il The most Of This mgreiiem,"
Again:
"The true foundation of pepNhran Government is the
equal right ol every citizen IN his person and property,
and in their MANAGEMENT Try by this, ns a tally, ever,
provision Of constitution, and see IL II hangs directly
he wH Of he p,opic. Let every man who fights or
pays, exercise his just and equal right in the elections"
And again
"Ours, Chc object of the republican pariy) on
the contrary, was To maintain the will of the ma
jority of the convention, and 81 the people them
selves: We believed with them, that man was
rational animal endowed by nature with rights,
and with an innate sense Of Justice and that he
could be restrained from wrong and protected in
right by moderate powers, conided To prisons of
his own choice, and held to their duties by DEEPEN
dcncc on his own will We believed that the
complicated organization of kings, nobles and
priests, was moi the wiscse nor best to effect the
happiness Of associated nan. that wisdom and
virtue were not hereditary that the lrappings of
such machinery consumed by their expense those
earnings of industry they were meant to protect,
and, by the inequalities they produced, exposed
liberty TO suilerance. We believed that men en-
oying in ease and security the full fruits Of their
own industry, enlisted by all their interests on the
side of law and ORDER Infatuated to think for them
selves, and follow their reason as their guide,
would be more easily and safely governed. than
with minds nourishcd in error and yilaied and de-
based as in Europe, by ignorance, indulgence and
oppression. The ch'rishmem Of he peopie then
ras orr principle, he fear and disiruSt Of them 4,
That Of the other purity.
In the phianihropic and consoling faith Of a true
democrat, Mr.. Jefferson lived and died. But ten
days before his death, in reference to the Dcclara-
ton of Independence and is fruits, ke said
"May !, be to the world what believe il will
be Ito some nnrts soonct to ohcrsluter, but finally
to ally the signal Of nrousiiig men to burt the
chains under which monkish ignorance and super
siiiion had persuaded them To bind themselves, and
assume the blessing. and security of self govern
meht.. Tint form which we have substituted, re-
stores the free right 10 the unboundcd exercise of
reason and freedom Of opinion. All eyes are OPEN
ed, or opening 10 the rights Of mar. The general
spread of the light of science ihs ALREADY Ia Il open
10 every view the palpabe truth, that the mass
Of mankind has not been born with saddles on their
backs nor Iarori'e fer booici amt spurrci, rerir
10 rifle them Iegiiima'ciy, by the grace Of GoL''
Now we have the distinctive characters Of the
original parties, and we will see which of the two
present parties compares with the old federal and
which with the old republican party.
The great aud slvsrte measure Of General
Hamilton and the iederalIsts wnsn National Bank
and the Administration is strcnuousy cuniendnp
for the object. Mr.. jefferson and his friend,
were opposed TO such an institution, and the
friends of the present Administration make the
same opposition now.
The federal party was opposed to the nanrali-
zation of foreigners. Under General Washing
ton, five years residence had been made necessary
for foreigner to become citizen, but when Mr..
Adams came into office. the time was altered to
C,,r,.on yp,y. Ruf,s a ma aur ,,;h, ,., a., H..