davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
PLANTING CHESTNUTS-FLOW-
Frs FOR BEES.

"Wm. Prince asks to be informed Of the
best time and manner of planting chestnut
for fencing timber. Also, what kinds of
shrubs and flowers it will be proper to culti-
vate for bees.
Mchaux in his North American Sylvia,
vol iii. gives the following directions for the
culture Of the chestnut:
"After the ground has been carefully loos.
cned with the pillow and harrow, lines arc
drawn six feet apart, in which holes about
foot in depth and diameter, are formed, at
at the distances of our feet. A chestnut is
placed in each corner of the hole, and COW
cred with about three inches Of earth. AS
the soil has been thoroughly subdued, the
nuts will spring and strike root with facility.
Early in the second year, three of the young
plants are removed from each hole, and only
the most thriving is left. The third or fourth
year, when the branches begin to interfere
with zach other, every second tree is sup
pressed. To ensure its success, the planta-
ton should be begun in March or April, with
nuts that have been kept in the cellar during
the winter, in sand or vegetable mold, and
that have already began to germinate."
Mr.. Hopkins of Cayuga county, mad
some experiments in planting chcs,nuts. In
his first attempt, he kept the nuts till the set
ting in of winter, or December, when he
planted them four feet apart every way, and
not one Of them grew. The next year no
procured aquantty of nuts as soon as gather
ed, planted them Immediately, and covered
them specifically with leaves and light cart,
at the same distance as before. Most of them
came up and grew well. There can be no
doubt, where the ground is so situated as to
be free from the attacks of squirrels, mice,
&C., that immediate planting after the nuts
are gathered is the best mode, otherwise the
plan Of Michaux may be preferred. The
best soil is clay loan.
AS to flowers and shrubs for bees, we know
of none, the cultivation of which for this pur-
pose alone, would be an object. Few Of tho
cultivated flowers arc frequented by bees, land
neither such flowers or shrubs could be cul-
tvated to an extent sufficient 10 produce
much effect on the apiary. Farmers some
times find profit in growing buckwheat for
both seeds and honey but such honey is not
Of the finest quality. White clover is the
best plant for the bee, and the farmer whose
fields are covered with this rich heIbage will
want nothing better for his bees or his COWS.
| CnLtiratOr
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
SOWING CLOVER,

"A Subscriber" at Fort Gratiot, wishes
to know if sowing clover with winter rye or
wheat, will succeed as well on sandy soil,
as if sown in the spring what quantity of
seed per acre should be used, and the best
mode of tllage.
Clover seeds are rarely sown with autumn
crops in this country the severity of the
winter, except in favored situations, destroy
ing the young plant. The better way is, to
SOW it with spring crops, such as oats, bar
ley, or on winter wheat as early as the
spring will admit. When sown in the spring
on winter wheat, its termination is great
ly facilitated by going over the field after
the seed is sown, with light harrow or
roller. There need be no fear that the
wheat will be injured from this process.
Spring narrowing wheat is extensively prac-
t,ced in Germany, and is found of decided be-
ncGt. Sandy soils, when to be sown with
clover. should have deep blowing; that the
young roots may by penetrating to good
depth escape the danger of a drouth.
The quantity of seed sown varies much in
different countries, and the purpose to which
the crop is to be applied. In Belgium, the
usual quantity is SIX lbs. to the acre, but the
soil is in such fine filth, that almost every
seed terminates. In this country, 6om five
to ten lbs. are used, but owing to our impcr-
feet culture, it is found that the quantity Of
seed is too small, more frequently than it i.
too large. The English use more seed thar
most other people, allowing from ten to six.
teen lbs. the average perhaps thirteen Of
fourteen. An annual top dressing of plaster
lime, or ashes; plaster being best, given il
the spring of the year, is all that clover re-
quires. Where lands arc intended for per
manent meadows, or pasture, other gras
seeds, such as red top, timothy, orchard gras
meadow fox tail, white clover, &c. &c. il
order to ensure proper supply of roots ant
heritage, should be mixed with the clover seed
One of the best selections for sandy land, i
the red and white clovers, with the tall oat an,
orchard grasses. 1t is in a course of rotation
with wheat however, that the good qualities O
clover arc most conspicuous. For this pur
pose, no other seeds than the rcd clover shout
be sown, and this, plastered and fed of upo
the ground by sheep, is one Ct the most anne
llorating crops Observation-Disclosures.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
From the Foreign Quarterly Review.
POLISH LITERATURE.
A REMARKABLE FACT.

The conclusion drawn by all who porusc
this rapid sketch must necessarily be, that
the language and literature of Poland have
advanced to their present very high degree of
perfection in an equal ratio with the increasing
misfortunes of the country, during the last
fifty years. This phenomenon appears so
extraordinary that it deserves the serious con-
sidcration of every rejecting mind. What.
indeed, should seem more unfavorable to the
progress of nations language, than its
political humiliation, and the incorpora-
ton of its dismembered provinces with Sc
vcral foreign states, each respectively in
tent upon destroying every vestigc of its
former nationality Yet, it is fact that
Polish literature is actually now reaching its
zenith, and at no former period could Po-
land ever boast of more distinguished men in
every department Of science, learning, and
political eminonce. Since the third partition
in 1875, all the public museums, the library
of Warsaw, numbering 200 900 works, that
of the Society of the Friends of Science,
scarcely less rich, and Prince Czartoryski's
Library at Pulawy, containing invaluable
materials connected with Polish history, and
not fewer than 10000 English works, were,
after the melancholy events of 1880, carried
off for the second time to Russia. Yet these
unpropitious circumstances, so far from re-
tardng, have promoted the growth of ma
tional literature and Polish works of sler-
ling merit have bccu lately published, not
only in several parts Of Poland, but st. Pc
torsburgh, Moscow and Vienna. In fact,
the hitherto unsuccessful attempts made for
the recovery of independence, have invigo-
rated instead of weakened the moral energies
of the Poles, and that ardent feeling of pa
triotism which in former times was principal
ly confined to one class, now animatcs alike
the inhabitants every cottage and palace in
Poland. That feeling alone, without adj
mixture of Jacobinism, democracy, or any
other political theory, prompts the rich and
the poor to submit to every sacrifice for the
restoration of their country. Their litora-
turc is more intimately connected with the
history of their ncossant political struggles,
than is the case with any other nation; it is
a most potent weapon, which they now I'M
dcrstand how to use. The time may yet
come when the following passage shall have
ample realization, though not designed for
them, even on earth, as it assusedly will in
heaven-"ln this time shall the present be
brought unto the Lord of Hosts of people
scattered and peeled, and from people ter
riblc from their beginning hitherto; a nation
meted out and trodden mder ,toOt, whose
land the rirers have spoiled, to the place of
the name of the Lord of Hosts, the mount
Sion" Isaiah, vxiii. Z.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
MAGNANlMITY OF A LION.

Prince, tame lion, on board of his Maj
esty's ship Aradine, had keeper 10 whom
he was much attached, the keeper got drunk
one day, and as the captain never forgave
the crime, the keeper was ordered to be
logged, and the grating was rugged under
Princes den, large barred up place, the pill
lars large and cased with iron. When tho
keeper began to strip, Prince rose gloomiIy
from his couch, and got as near as possible,
on bcholding his bare back, he walked hasti-
~ around his den, and when he saw the
boatswain intlict the first lash, his eyes SPAR
kled with fire; and his sides rcsounded with
the strong and quick lashes of his tail; at
last, when the blood began to flow from the
unfortunate mans back, and the 'clotted cats
Jerked their CORY knots close to the lions
den, his fury became tremendous he roared
with voice of thunder; shook the bars of
his prison, as if they had been osiers, and
hndng his efforts to break loose unavailing,
he rolled and shricked in manner the most
terrific that it is possible to conceive. The
The captain, fearing that he might break
loose ordered the marines to load and present
at Prince: this threat rcdoublcd his rage,
and at last, the captain desired the keeper
to be cast off and 90 to his friend. II is i'm
possible to describe the joy evinccd by the
lion; he licked with care the mangled and
bleeding back ofthc cruelty treated seaman.
caressed him with his paws, which he folded
round the keeper as tito defy any one renew
ing similar treatment, and it was only af-
ter several hours that Prince would allow the
keeper to quit his protection and return
among those who had so ill-uscd him.
Martins British Colonies.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21

The following rules we commend to the
attention of all alters, in the conviction that
they are founded in truth and good sense -
How TO AvorD CATCHING CoLD.-Ac-
custom yourself to tho use of spongng with
cold wather every morning on first getting
out of bed. 1t should be done quickly with
good deal of rubbing with towel. 1t has
considerable effect in giving tone to the skin,
and maintaining proper action in it, and
thus proves safeguard to the injurious in
iluences of could and sudden changes of tenn
perature therefore a person who is in the
habit of thus terrifying the skin will be much
less likely to suffer injury from heated rooms
and the change from hot room to the cold
air. Sir Ashley Cooper says, the methods
by which preserve my own healtharc tenn
perance, early rising, and sponging the body
every morning with cold water Immediately
after getting out of bed, practice which 1
nave adopted for thirty years. and though l
60 from the hot theatre into tho squares Of
the hospital, in the severest winter night, yet
lscarcely ever have cold.'
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
Every body acho Onns a horse should re

Ercry body mho orns a horse should re-
gard the following:-
"To PREVENT HoRsEs BEING TEAzEp pY
FLIEs.-Take two or three small handfuls Of
walnut leaves, upon which pour two or three
quarts of water; let it infuse one night, and
pour the whole next morning into kettle,
and let it boil for quarter Of an hour-when
cold, it will be fit for use. No more is re-
quired than to moisten sponge, and before
the horse goes out of the stable, let those
parts which are most irritable be smearcd
over with the liquor, viz, between and upon
the ears, the neck, the flank, &c. Not only
the lady or gentleman who rides out for pleas
ure will derive benefit from the walnut leaves
thus prepared, but the coachman, the wagon
err, and all others who use horses during the
hot months.
By the way-speaking of horses-those
gentlemen who have ceased to use binders
land many have done SOY say tina, their hor-
ses drive better, look better, and feel bet
ter.-BoSt. Post.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
BUDDING OR INOCULATING.

August is the month for this operation, and
the lovers of good fruit should not let is pass
without improving the time for adding to
their STOCKS of select fruit, or extending and
multiplying those already possessed. Ample
directions for the different processes of bud
ding have been given in the former volumes
of the Cultivator, and where good buds can
be obtained, and the bark of the tree to be
inoculated starts freely, the process is so SIM
Pile, and the growth so certain, as to recon-
mend the practice to all. Where grating
has been neglected, budding comes in as a
valuable substitute, and can be adopted in
some cases where the first can with difficulty
be performed. -CultiUator.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21

organs of plants to vigorous action, and ena-
bic them to make these secrctions from the
matter furnished them, to be appropriated
to the growth of the plants. Man, then, has
only to do what nature in some cases has
herself done; that is, so proportion the seve-
raj ingredients that go to make productive
soil, that the desired result shall be attained.
Chemical analysis has here come to aid the
agrculturlst, and shown him precisely the
proportion of the earths, and the nature OF
the Ingredients that are necessary to make a
soil fertile, and the causes that tend to adj
vance or retard such a consumation. Where
water is too abundant, it must be removed by
draining; where the soil is too compact, it
must be looscned by deep or subsoil plough
ing; where the proportion of clay is too great,
sand must be added until it is sufficiently
friable; lime IS absent it must be added;
if animal or vegetable matter be wanting, it
must be supplied; and if the soil is too light
and porus, clay will be found remedy most
cllcctual.
Whatever difference Of opinion, therefore,
may be entertained of the best methods OF
freeing lands Of stagnant water, there can be
no reasonable doubt of its propriety and ne
cessity. TO the farmer who has lands wet
cold, and difficult to cultivate, we would say
free your soil from all stagnant water from
eighteen to twenty-four inches loosen il
10 that depth, either at once or gradually
and there will be no difficulty, under a judi.
cious course of cultivation, of producing or
lands now of little value, all the most i'm.
portant products Of agriculture.-Cultira
/ fnr
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21

nuity, immemoral ages Of experience have
given them, will not be wanting on this occa-
sion to save their country from foreign rapne
and conquest. AS the French people,
thrown upon their own resources and pcnt
up within their own limits, gave prodigies of
intellectual vigor and moral courage in the
development and discovery Of new scientific
principles, and means 10 resist the hordes
that were pouring in upon them from all
parts of the European continent, so will the
Celestial Empire of 800 millions of souls find
minds that can breast this momentuous occa-
sion. What is to proven. this people, SO
an fail in the arts to undermine their country
every where with subtcrranean passages and
vaulted chambers, filled with combustbles
and powdcrl What to hinder them from
forming immense Recommendations and barri-
cadcs, charged also with explosive missiles
and pctards! They will do this if ncccssa-
ry, and also drain their canals, send off their
provisions into the interior, block up or bridge
over their rivers, and leave no resources un-
employed, knowing that the same cxtraordi-
nary people who could construct wall
around their empire have the same millions
of industrious hands to raise with the utmost
rapidly barriers and difficulties in every di-
rection, against those who have sacrcligiously
and without cause invaded their territory to
effect compulsory commerce in contraband
poison. And when il comes to regular col
lsion, there is spunk enough in the Chinese,
under all the disadvantages of ignorance in
the use of our fire arms, to rush upon the
enemy and actually crush any invading army
that could be landed, by the mere force Of
Overwhelming numbers-for they can furnish
100, if not 1000 lives to be sacrificed
against every Englishman that comes. Or
the coast, too, there is no doubt, for former
events prove it, that the divers and swimmer.
will evince a courage that will surprise, ant
that by stratagem, fire ships, or otherwise
they will achieve the object of destroying
some Of the foreign craft that venture too
near the shore.
Meanwhile We await with much ANXIETY
the overland news by the Great Western
steamer, which will arrive probably to-day
and we trust our government have been OF
the alert, as we have good reason to bcliev
!, they have, in making all necessary arrange
. ments in preparing formidable squadron t.
protect our commerce in the China seas, am
I. to send out such an agent as Is conversan
with affairs there, and capable of conductn
, any negotiations that may be required on GU
part.
The best merchants in this country ar
strongly Of the belief that the Tea TRADE
about terminating for years, and that tn
; prices will very shortly run up from 200
500 per cent. above what they arc now, an
that the use OF the article must hereafter b
= confined to few, and coffee, or some otho
beverage beverage be substituted than the
for which our fathers made this land fire
> and independent republic. There have bee
10000 chests received and disposed of
the United States since Sept. |. There ar
$4,000 on hand, and SO, 900 more are expcc
> ted before Sept. l ensuing.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
From Taits Edinburgh Magazine.
TO IDTENESS.

Curse on the fellow who invented work.
The ape is wiser far, nor will be taught
To speak, lest speech with labor should he frausht
Lest III the core of every word shoulLlurk
A task-a bulden--tha' he might not nor shrk
Parent of pleasant rcycric and thought!
Thou source of boon delights which set ut nauch
All purchased with hard toll, and cares that ink.
Watch DER thy votary, Idlcncss from want
Defend han oversee hin well to lo
Then will he be the mcrricst of elves;
And on thy charms he will at large dcscant,
Though other followers never get a souls
Have nothing IN the lardcr but the shelves!
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21

Running into debt often tcmpts people to
tell lies; this made great wit say, "Lyinp
rides on debts back"
When you have contracted debt, YOU
may think little of payment: but creditors
have better memories than debtors; being a
supcrsttious sect, great observers of days
and times.
Aknave may get more than an honest mar
for day; but the honest man gets most b,
the year.
Policy is near neighbor to cheating; tho
way from the one to the other is very slippery
1t is poor thing indeed to have religol
enough to save our credit; but not enough tt
save our souls.
The sincerity of the heart discovers itsel
in the end aimed at by an action, more tba,
in the action itself. The thief and homes
traveller may ride the same.road; but the,
have different aims: this distinguished then,
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
OE1lR IhYRRo
THE EVENING STAR.
by II. ". LoSurELLOw.

by II. W. LoSGrELLow.
The night is come but not too soon;
And sinking silently,--
All silently, the little Moon
Drops down behind the sky.
There is no light in earth or heaven
But tn pale iight Of stars;
And the first watch Of night is given
To the rod planet Mars.
Isit the tender star Of lovol
The star oflove and dfcams1
Oh no! from the blue tent above
a hcro's arlnor gl-alns.
And earnest thoughts within me rise
When behold alar,
Suspended in the evening skies,
The shield of tina, red star.
q star of strength I sec thee stand
And smile upon my PAIN
Thou bcckoncst with thy mailed hand,
And AIN strong again.
Within my soul there shines no light
Bnt the pale LIGHT Of stars;
! rive the first watch of tho night
To the rcd planet Mars!
Tho star Of the unconqucrcd will,
lie rises in my breast
Serene, aud rcsolutc, and still,
And calm, and self-posscss'd.
And thou, too, whoso'cr thou art
That rcadcst this brief psalm,
As ono by one thy hopes depart,
&c rcsolutc and calm.
O! fear not in world Ike this,
And thou shrlt know ere long,
Know how sublime a thing it is
To suffer and be strong!
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
FRUITS OF LENT.

You who have been busy about the things of this
world, and troubled in vain for 80 many years, will
you not bcsow forty days in prayer for the salvation
OF your souls !-CynEt, Bishop Of Jerusalem.
Let us now spend those hours which VIC were won,
TO lavish without any benefit TO our souls in VISITING
the sick, in searching the PRISONS in rcconcnc thos
who are at variance with each oher."-Sr. Ardrs
had IN enemy and am rec ,ncilci to him. ] had
custom Of rcvlling and have left it Oft was used
to swearing and have broken that evil habit II i.
of no advantage to fast if our fasting produces moi
such fruits as these.-HoMI,lEs OF CRRYsosroM
Since our blessed Roleemer hath given us an exam.
pie in his frequent asts, and frequent dcvo,ons le
us follow his footsteps into the valley of humiliation
whittier he led the way, as he ourncycd on the gray,
md gate of death And may Col grant us grace :,
to spend this season that mutiulcs, awakened frou
the sleep of sin, may be prepared to join worhly If
celebrating the festival oft orosurrcc,ion,- WuEAros
Hast thou foe? g. pour upon his hear,
The oil of kindness, the fOrhcarinr smile
For the fixed frown, and good for evil rive
Bear blania without revna. though UNJUST,
And by the hidden amulet of prayer,
Blont with the lessons Of rcdoemnc love-
WIN peace from hatred Soe'st thou any tread
This thorny pathway Of uncertain life
With eye avcrtcd, and with soul cstranrcd
Though AT the same blssi altar won, to share
The consecrated cupl Gowoop with them
Down to the place Of graves, when the cold earth
Draws some pale form within her rivcn breast,
And when the hoarsc clod on the coffin lid
Interprceth, with mighty cloqlcncc
The vanity of dscord, whispering thus
10! yo are brethren let no strife divide
Your sacred ficniship!'
Doth thy busy lin
Too kccnly feed upon thy neighbours fault?
i,ooS at thine own. Unroll the 'notcly chart
or thy best day--its motive, and it, deed,-
Omission -ibcraiOn--sClf deceit
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21

WANT OF FoRETHoUGmT.-A black snake
which had discovered the nest of wood.
peckcr, climbed up the tree, and putting hi,
head INTO the hole, swallowed the woodncck-
or. Alas when he would have Withdrawn
no found his throat so much distended by his
supper that he could not get back, and so no
died with his length exposed. dangling from
tho woodpecker's hole, an admonition to all
who passed by, not to got into a serape until
they had contrived how they could re, ops.
Burlington free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1827-1865, 1840-08-21
MY OLD HAT.

o trent il not 50 rudclv- lis an old
And well triod friend; in manva an angry storm
1t has been kind TO nc; and though in form
Changed now from what it then was, when bold
And happy woocr. sporting il, told
tDreamlng) that tale to the Gnzce-cycd Mary!
Bancnth yon Gins; yet not the lcaa tis very
Dear 10 my eyes E! yea every ragged fold
Ocrhangng, grccts me like an ivicd rift
In an old mansion, telling me Of days
Long past; and, as the traveller from the drift
Waits meath the moon pierre d ruin the ardy rays
80 thy remains may cheer some gray hairs still
Else doomed to brave the nirht-dow damp and chill