The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1839-05-28

Nature herself tends to remedy the evil of n red
undant population
Dr Caspar gives valuable table ofthe NOR
tallty IN Berlin, for twelve years, from 1917 10
1873, which comprise nearly 10000 deaths in
nearly 100000 inhabitants
me ioliowing are few interesting data which
are e., dcrivnble from his researches. -.
| Inc longevity of the female is ereote, than.
| mat OF The male sex. ~ 800
| Inc age OF puberty carries off 8 per cent mora
OF the female than of the male sex .3l TI''-'-
me proportion of deaths of women in labor is
| 1t has been an erroneous. olboueh b;,ber,o.
very prevalent notion, that the climacteric age
This opinion has been shown to lie incorrect
by several statistical writers, and The researches
of DIR Caspar confirm The accuracy of their
statements. On tho whole, therefore we may
assert that the longevity o fthe female is greater
than that of the male sex. .
1t is also worthy OF notice that of still born inv
fants, there more of the male than of the fe'
male sex. '...
| DIR Caspar proceeds to shew that the Medium
or average duration of life has increased consid.
erably in mos: European cities of late years. In
London this increase is great, for ii would seem
that, within the last century, probable life has
increased by 20 years.
At Geneva, again, in the'l6lh century one half
| of the infants born there died. we are told, be-
fore their fifth year; whereas, in the present day,
| it would appear that This half reaches nearly 40
years Of age A similar remark may be made
as 10 the increased length of life at Berlin. F."
| DIR Caspar treats pretty fully OH the influence
of pursuits and occupations on the duration Of
hnman life; and from his inquiries it appears
that "clergymen arc on the whole, the longest,
and medical men are the shortest livers.' The
different classes may be arranged, in respect TO
Medium Longevity.
CIergymen, 65 years
/ Merchants, GO do
Clerks, 81 do
Farmers, 81 90
Military Men, SO do
| Lawyers, SO do
AraStS' .. 81 DO
| Medical Men, 56-do
| Another important agent or influence on the
probable duration OF life is marriage. 1t is rroy.
| ed by the researches OF our author, that the
married state is favorable 10 longevity, and es-
pecially in reference to the male sex
The influence OF poverty and des,i.uon in
shortening the medium duration of life is we'll
known. DIR Caspar gives some tables of mortal,
lily which prove the sad contrast in this respect
between the poor and the affluent. From
these it would seem that the medium age of the
nobility in Germany may be stated at SO years
whereas that of the paupers is as low as az
years.
The last chapter Of the work treats OF the in
fuence OF the fecundity OF Il population uEon it's
mortality. DIR Caspar shows, by last number
| of documents, that" the mortality in any popu
| lalion is always in exact ratio TO its fecundi
or, in other words, the more prolific the peo-
pie is, the greater, usually is the mortality among
them. ...... .g,. :.
He alludes TO the difference in this respect i'm
the different districts in England and maintains
that wherever the number of births is highesf,
there the mortality is greatest at the same time
The same result is derivable from statistical
investigation in Belgium, France, and other
countries. ... ... .
DIR Caspar concludes his work by enibodyins
the general principles of his researches IN the
following conclusion: M s.f .e..ra
i. The proportion of births to the actual sta
tionary population of any place expresses or is
relative to, the mediums duration of life i'm thar
population; ,.
2. The female sex enjoys, at every period Of
| life, except al puberty, at which epoch the NOR
tally is rather greater among young females, IA
greater longevity than the male sex. .
3. Pregnancy and labor occasion indeed, Il
considerable loss of life; but this loss dsap.
pears, or is lost in the general mass .
a. The so called climacteric period of life do
not seem TO have any Influence on The longevity
of either
S. The medium duration oflfe, at tile present
time is in Russia about 81 years, in Prussia 20.
in Switzerland "a. IN France &c, in Belgium Sc,
aud in England 3S years. .ro..'
S The medium duration of life, has in recent
times, increased very greatly in most cities in
| Europe. 1858 trH
T. In reference to the influence of professions
or occupations on life it seems that occesiastics
| are on the whole, the longest and medical men
] are the shortest lvers; military men are nearly
betwe cen the,two extremes, but yetproportionally
they, more frequently than Others, reach very
| advanced years. '..s. t..s -t......lo a.H
8. The mortality is very generally greater in
| manufacturing than in agricultural districts.
| 8. Marriage is decidedly favorable to loneev-
ity. 7n'
TO- The mortality among the poor il always
greater than among the wealihier classes
II. The mortality in population appears TO
be always proportionate TO is fecundity,--as 2the
number OF births increase so does the number of
deaths at the same time. s.s.' i.He ,}l
How TO BE RIcH.-Not hing is more easy
than to grow rich 1t is only TO trust nobody
10 befriend none-to get every thing, and
all we ge,-to stint ourselves and every body be-
longing to us-to be the friend OF no man, and
heap interest upon interest," cent upon cent--to
be miserable and despised, for some twenty or