Rutland herald. [volume] (Rutland, Vt.) 1823-1847, 1839-11-26

h"ughy oultan, battle cnsucd, IN which the NIGH
" army of baJazct was routed and he himself made
pm soner Some Histories say that the captive was
confined IN an iron cage like q wild beast and tha,
he was made TO stand with his body bent 10 serve
as foo's'ool when his insulting conqucror wished
10 noun, his horse
The Turkish power, though checked was no, rn,ch
shaken 10y this blow. After the death OF Tamerlane,
Their exer'ions against the Greek empire were re-
neweu ana alter various Interruptions from the
Poles, who were then powerful people, CONSTANT
nople was fully invested by the Turks under Ma.
hoDct the great. This was in 1853 The iulolont
Greeks made few preparations for defence trusting
TO an immense barrcade OF strong chains, which
blocked up the entry TO the port, and prevented all
access TO the enemys ships. The genius of Ma
honet very soon ovcfcamo this obstacle. lie laid a
channel of smooth planks for the length of six miles,
and IN one nights time he drew eighty galleys on,
OF the water upon these planks and next morning,
TO the great establishment Of the beseiged an entire
fleet descended a, into the bosom of their har
Dor The city was taken by assault and with il fell
the Empire of the East, l,l23 years from the time
when Constantinople removed the seat of Govern
inent from Rome TO Consian,nople
Constaniinope became the capital Of the Ottoman
empire, which soon began to extend itself in Eu-
rope. All Greece theirs, the island of Rhodes
fell into their hands. and in few years afterwards
Moldavia Walachia, and great part of Hungary,
were subducd 10y Seymour, surnained the maenh-
cent. In 1871, Cyprus was taken from the Vene-
tians and now the Christian nations of Europe be-
gan TO be filled with anxious apprehensons of this
formidable power. The Pope exertedhimselfto stop
the further progress of the inhdels, who carving
their religion the point of their swords, made ev-
cry place Mahometan which fell under their sway.
A league was formed by the Holy See with the
Veneiians and with Philip II. of Spain, then the
| most wealthy Sovereign in Europe. A great naval
armament was fitted out by the allied Powers under
Don John of Austria, consisting OF two hundred and
| hity ships OF war, besides transports. The Turks
were not behind in force. The two great fleets en-
counered each other in the Gulf Of Lepanto, and
| an engagement ensued more memorable than any
naval fight that had happened since the battle of Ac-
tum. The allied fleet under Don John was yictori-
ous--the Turks were wholly discounted, losing over
one hundred and fifty ships, and fifteen thousand
slain-among whom was Ali, their Admiral. This
| great victory saved Christendom, or at least the
whole South of Europe, from being overrun by the
infdels, and checked the further advance ofTurksh
| power for more than century.
| The battle OF Lepanto was memorable on another
account soldier there lost his left arm by the stroke
of sabre but that soldier was Ceramics. 1t is a
striking instance of the undying power of genius,
that this incident happening TO aprivate in the ranks,
has given celebrity a conflict in which the fate of
Christian Europe hung suspended on the uncertain
issue and doubtless there are hundreds who re-
member Lcpanto as the place where the author of
Don Quixote was wounded, without calling to mind
that Don John of Austria commanded BIN the battle,
on that Ali slain and his head stuck the flag
sAif of the Admiral's ship.
After the terrible overthrow of Lepanto the Turks
made no great attempts at conquest in Europe for
hundred years or more, although wars occurred
al various times between them and the Venetans
and their other neighbors the Poles and lIungarans
At length, about the middle of the seventeenth cen
fury, the conquering propensity OF the Ottoman race
again broke forth, backed by the whole power OF the
empire. A mighty array swept Hungary, and
moving up the Danube penetrated TO Vienna, and
laid seige to that imperial city. Here success had
well nigh crowned their effnsis-Vienna was on the
- Il.
of Poland, came its relief compelled the Turks tc
raise the siege, and defeated them in battle with
prodgous slaughter. This fearful invasion has beer
excited and stimulated 10y Louis XIV. of France
who scruped not to the Turks as the instrument
of his luminosity against the house of Austria
From this time forward the Turks ceased to be q
formidable power in Europe. The energy Of The
race had expended its rude force all internal ele
mens Of strength had been developed the principles
OF their religion, carried TO their full utmates, ha'
maiured the evils adheren therein, and the mighty
: body of the Ottoman empire lay like an unwied,
v monster relapsing into atate of torpldi,y From
!, being the invader, Turkey was now called upon u
repel invasionsior the power oil Russia was on In
. increase since the DAYS OF Peter the Great; and a
n the ascending star of that northern colossus ros
: towards elimination the crescent dropped and sen
: forth a paler ray The essential principle OF III
Turkish Constitution-that unity OF power who
concentrates all the energies OF the State and put
y them under the guidance of an individual will how
-
o military operations is altogether unsued to the Ell
Il largement and prosperous growth OF nation
n peace The great Of the people are of the OF
n iy order which is tolerated in the empire-the low
Is est and as there is no middle nor aristrocrahc'
l. class how can there lie any expansion OF eersfo
of the servile multitude Slaves they were bor
n and slaves they must remain. fom this rank u
e officers Of the empire are chosen, from the Gran
,e yizer downwards and as they are raised from
n by the will of the Sultan they can be thrust back
m gain at his pleasure. II is maxim OF Turkish po
Is lev that there should be man or class IN he stat
5, which the monarch may no, destroy without dsng'
ar 20 himself Perhaps the principle OF desPo'sm N
a. never been earned fully IN ITS nakedne'
4. any where than in Turkey. And now that the e'
as er9y OF that principle is exhausted there Is not
of Operative power enough in the other elements
A. the national body 10 bring about wholesome rea
oC ton Tie declenslon and dissolution OF an Einpi
= like the Turkish must therefore. he more RAPID az
IN comole,a than would he likely 10 happen TO naii'
ms possessing vitality all its members and ehirefr
a ties When foT example, in France the deso'
a. principal was carried 10 its extreme, under 10,
en- XVI and his two immediate successors, The resoi
H. lion which followed brought into action ne" sp't
"a powerful and deep seated which was enseioieo fo
-, q tha middle ard lower clat