The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1839-04-24
SUGAR.

on the subject Of sugar which furnishes much
useful information relative 10 the consumption
Of this artcle-and OF the origin. progress.
and present condition OF the manufacture o.
beet root suear. We learn from tnis PaPe'
that !, has been a subject OF much disPu.o
wha,har The sugar cane was introduced INTO
An,ar;ca from Europe, Asia, or Aincn' OF
wbe,her Il IS Indigenous here. ne ioine,
!. ~ o,;nion Of all the historians OF the OLD
.sa.d ,be latter Of oil the explorers Of the
.a,v II is asserted by some that the sugar
csos was carried from Brazil TO ST, Domn-
go. having been previously brought to the Tor
mer from the Portuguese kingdom Of Angon'
where i is still cultivated, or from the rortu-
e,,ese possessions in ASIA, where saseo &c
Cana and his successors, the conquerors OF
great part Of India, found sugar IN ahun-
dance.
It's not known at what time the use oil su-
gar began in England-but Il was probably as
late as the fourteenth century. At mat ume
il began 10 take the place which honey had
occupied without a rival, since the days OF
| Moses and Homer. In 1913, the English
began the sugar business in Barbadoes-and
| in 1913, the French in Gaudaloupe. In 81
! Domingo, there were, in 1918, twenty-eight
sugar presses. This island afierward IN
| creased the manufacture to such an extent as
! Ia export 81, 900 tons in one year, being about
! 100000, 900 lbs. surplus, after supplying the
demands Of the mother country. At the be-
| ginning Of the present century. the entire ex-
| portation from the West Indies and American
settlements Of every description, was AGO.
500, 900 lbs; now il Is 100000 900 lbs. from
the British West Indies alone and 700 ,OOO,-
600 lbs. more from Brazil and the Spanish,
| French, Dutch and Danish colonies. In 1850,
only s0,000,00O lbs. were exported from the
British West Indies, one-fiith Of the present
export.
The consumption Of sugar has greatly in
creased during the last half century and II
seems destined to un indefinite extension.-
| The quantity now used in different parts Of
the world is enormous. The population OF
all the sugar growing countries in the world y
| about 46S ,0O0, 000-it il estimated that each
inhabitant consumes ten pounds per annum--
amounting in all TO 4,660,000, 900 lbs, nearly
four times as much as is consumed in Europe
and in the United States. Great Britain con-
sumes 4OO, 100000 lbs, about "a lbs. to each
inhabtant the United States zoe, 900, 900 lbs.
or Is lbs. to each inhabitant--our domestic
production being estimated at 10000. 900 lbs
Ia Ireland,the consumption is 40,000.O00 lbs.
or lbs. to an inhabitant. In Russia, il is
still less being 600, 900, 900 lbs. or only about
apound to an inhabitant. OF the quantity
consumed in Russia, It is supposed that g.
100000 lbs. are beet sugar Belgium con-
sumes 100000 lbs. or z lbs. to an inhabi-
tant, Of which 100000 lbs. are beet-and
Prussia, Austria, and the east Of Germany,
200 100000 lbs. or A lbs. TO an inhabitant, of
which 10000, 900 lbs. are beet. Holland
consumes 100000 lbs. or l6 lbs to an
inhabitant. Spain same quantity, or almost
4 lbs. TO an inhabitant. France, 23O, 3O4,-
$40 lbs. or lbs. to nn inhabitant--of this,
l07,905,7S5 lbs were, in 1886, manufac.
tured from beet roots. Thus we have, for
1867, 900, 900 lbs; Of which FAC, OOO, 900 lbs.
or $4,000 tons are beet sugar-and for the
annual consumption throughout the world,
6,267 900. 900 lbs.-worth, at cents pound,
1916, 100000.
Margraf, a Prussian chemist Of Berlin,
made the discovery nearly hundred years
ago, that the beet root contained a good crys.
tallizable sugar After this he enlarged and
varied his experiments, but did not invent
means OF making sugar from the raw material,
on scale sufficiently large TO render it an
object OF interest to capitalists. He died in
1882. II was Archad, also chemist Of Ber-
lin, who discovered the method Of extracting
sugar from the beet on a large scale, and at a
moderate expense. He first announced this
result in 1897. The National Institute Of
France appointed commissioner to examine
into the subject. Manufactures were esta-
blished, but were not successful-and the
high hopes which had arisen, OF this new
branch of industry in France. seemed des-
tined to disappointment Political events,
however, afterwards favored The attempt to
find an indigenous source fur the supply of
sugar, and after many experiments, the pre-
ference was given to the beet In January
1912. Napoleon issued decree establishing
five chemical schools for teaching the process
OF beet ar-making--detaching one hundred
students from the schools OF medicine phar-
macy and chemistry, to be instructed in those
establishments, and creating four imperial
manufactures, capable of making 4,4OS 900
lbs. Of raw sugar annually. Premiums were
also awarded to persons who had already dis
tinguished themselves by successful appli-
cation to this new branch of industry--and an
impulse was thus given to the manufacture of
beet sugar throughout France. The bat
tie OF Waterloo gave great shock to this
branch of industry, but some Of the sugar
establishments continued to thrive after this
action and In 1918, after the allied troops
mad lett Paris, the government began TO turn
its attention towards the encouragement of an
industry, which had struggled mertoriously
and successfully, to preserve boon to the
French nation. 1t has already been stated,
that In 1886, l07, 905, 7s5 pounds of sugar
were made from beet roots.-Merc. Journal.
Curious Legislation.-The Legislature Of
Mississippi have passed a law regulating the
tavern rates In that State. The following are
the highest rates TO be allowed: Board, lodg-