Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1839-10-31

The ANTARCTIC ExPEDiTIoS.--On Tuesday the
Terror, Captain Crosier, dropped down from of
the Dock-yard at Chatham, to Dillingham;. with
all her white canvass spread, and looking like a
Their chime and on Thursday, or as soon a.te r
as possible, her companion, the Erebus, Captain
James Clerk Ross, was appointed 10 follow, and then
proceed on their voyage together Having gone TO
take our farewell short description Of the vessels,
&c, cannot he unacceptable to our readers
ne Lreous and Terror seem 10 be twin ships,
alSe IN ouid, 10 colors in masts and raging, and
indeed, IN every external appearance. An inexpe-
rienced eve could not tell the one from the other
The Lrebas = about $40 tons; the rerror3i0. In
each the ini. complement Of officers and men = a.,
rs ~ all, Nothing That the Of the shigwright
coG.i accomplish has been omitted to fit them for
their perilsas undertaking. Below, not only have
The flss p en- strengthened " transverse inb rshut
these again have been inerlaced hy cross p ans at
certain angles, to offer assistance ~ any inva-
ding body, such ice, which would require = migh-
~ force u overcome. THUS, internally powerful,
bey ona any former exampl., the outward hull has
also Dren 50 shaped (cursng from near thc centre,
something like the turniu g-oE edge OF glass tea
cup as 10 throw the convereing ice from the cham
plates: and thus protect the rigging from beng
crushed or invaded. The deck, too, j. double; and
the whole Las > compactness and frmncss which gives
surance Of security froa the wcrst elements 10
which their gallant crews can ever be exposed
spare rudler. which could be shipped immediately
case oi accident 10 the other, rs safely slowed
amidshps: each vessel is provided with eight boats,
two Of them whaers, ana framed to encounter rough
and weather in separate expeditions, to explore
passages and lands where the ships cannot pcne-
trate. Six guns are borne in each, viz: four SIX
Founders, and two salute guns. The apparatus for
keepin the vessels at cquable temperature is adj
mTabie, and consists OF square iron tube, above
foot IN diameter running all round the sides. and dis
trbuting comfortable warmth 10 every berth IN the
ship The ventilation is not less attended to. There
are also toves IN the captains cabin, ard the gum
room messes which adJon: and tue cooking conve-
niences are ample and fir for every purpose as
they could be on shore There is n large kettle TO
dissolve ice into fresh water; another for dressing
salt meat another for fish, another for fre sh meat,
end ovens Tor baking. The mates cabins well
constructed and those Cor the officers sleep in,
though small, arranged with all seamans skill
and dexterity in making much 81 a little. The sick
berths are forward, and contriyed that the inva
lids may be kept apart from the healthy, for their
own sake well as Tor the general safety. Immense
ice.saws ranged along the lower deck, some Of
them thirty or more feet long and looking like the
jaws OF sharks, competent to cut through amy beset
ting adversary.
They are yictualed with fresh provisions for
three years; and pemmaean and prepared meats in
slowed away in the least possible COM
pass
The earlier proceedings Of the voyage will lead
them To- St Helena, where Lieutenant Eardly Will
mot, Of the Royal Engineers, who goes IN the
Erebus, will be left in charge of the new Observable
ry Next, at the Cape will be landed. for the like
purpose, another officer. The vessels then make
their way across the ocean, touching at and examin-
ing kerguelcns Land, Amsterdam, and other is
lands, either known or impeiecty reported in that
vast expanse Of waters. Arrived at Van Diemeh's
Land the instruments, &c. for the observatory will
be sent ashore and. whilst il is erecting, they will
cruise to various points where the scientific pursuits
OF the expedition most likely TO be advanced.
On their return they will start de in direct
southern course, between l20 degrees and 100 de-
grees east longitude towards the Antarctic Pole;
and II IS singular aud fortunate thing, that ia this
direction, during the present season, ship Of Mr.
Enderbys has discovered land on both sides OF the
longitudes have indicated, about % and IS de-
grees Of south latitude. These shores have been
named Sabrisa Land, seen March, 1882 and Balleny
Isle, seen February, 1859; and between them, as
well upon them, the efforts Of the Erebus and Ter
ror will, in the first instance, be employed How
far they may penetrate is in the hands Of Providence
They viii afterwards circumnavigate the Pole aud
shsr near Euder5y. T. a"a ses in or by
Captain eddelrs furthest reach, about 70 degrees,
in is23
northward, in about latitude 30 degrees, and east
longitude 40 degrees, that il Is expected the south
magnetic pole will be found. We had forgotten to
mention that the vessels constructed ON the plaa
which div ides them into 3 compartments; SO that
either extremity or the middle might be stove in,
and yet the remainder be safe hold for the crew.
Literary GG-cifc.
CnrsIr.L SrArrsrIcs-At the late meeting Of
the British Association. Mr.. Rawson read very ella
borate paper the state Of crime in England and
Wales Ii is, of course, too long for US 10 give IN
fnIl; but the subjoined abstract comPrehends the
principal facts and conclusions.
The numbers Of the two sexes IN European coun.
tries is nearly equal the prePonderance being some.
what the side Of the femaes yet, both IN England
and France, the proportion Of male TO female crimi-
nails is about to and that result varies but slightly
during several years. The average annual number
OF persons committed baed to take their trial du-
ring the last five years, was 0,l74; the difference
between the highest and lowest annual number du-
ring the period was IL per cent. Taking the twenty
principal offences in their relative order, according
10 the number Of persons annually committed Tor
each, they will stand thus:
s;,nl. t,,c,nx 1850