Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1838-03-08

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therefore. supposed 10 be Sub Treasury men, (onr)
Wigs. and SO (ffly-two) Democrats, subtract the o
from ,he 81 eighty Democrats IN Inc ouse VI
Delegacs and you will find about 81 thlrty hve Con
serya;iye Democrats The Senate consists o: 81 thlry,
twoi members, u Uwelve) Of whom are Wings and ~
(wenly) Democrats. As before stated, that boay Is
equally divided on the subject of action, go that IL Is De-
leved our) out of the 20 (wenty) are Conservative
Democrats This is believed 10 be very nearly It 4ol
quite accurate, in regard TO The party divisions OF the
Legislature of Virginia Say there may be - in both
for and o. against the Sub. Bill. Let Us then have
No PEA Is ABATEMENT.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
To the Senator's from Ohio and NtD Jersey 1" The Sase
ofMe United States.
"7nd that scrUant 0hich KJNEh has LoTds VIII, ana
prepared himself neither did according TO ms a0tle'
shall be beaten sGiM many STRIPES
GESTLEMES:
It's no, necessary 10 tell you that The characteristic
differences between an arbitrary and limited MONARCHY
and the extent of tyranny freedom in them, are de-.
ermined by the obedience Of the monarch TO The 'ot OF
his people in the one by their obedience TO his 1o IN
the other. This quest ion OF will IN me one ana ooeal'
in the other being decided, determines ont me
question: which is lord and which lie servanE The divine
precep above quoted forms less canon OF ialli IN
arbitrary thun in free Governments For It Is held that
if the Government be mdser The people must be SER
wants. and obey But if The people be !Fee or the mon
archy Limited one they masters, and Tie Govern
nrnt must obey. And i, TO enforce this popular
WILL that representative houses have been instituted in
limited monarches These representative bodies, char.
ged with, and subject 10 The will Of their constituents,
enforce obedience in the monarch TO that viii, by stop
ping supplies and various olher modes. Hence III lin
tied monarchy The King Gun no more invade The rights
of c liberty property, guaranteed TO his people,
Except by corrupt Magistrates, through the means Of
public law than any OF them can invade the rights
secured to him. The protection Of the peoples rights
is secured to them, according TO their willard his,
to him, according 10 his will. Any interference,
therefore, his part, 10 overreac by authority, or &C.
duce by rewards The Representatives Of the people, from
their will, touching their own interests and happiness
has ever been considered invasion Of their rights
and u stcp towards the erection Of Desposm. Hence
find the Declaration oil our Independence, charged
against the King of England that ale has refused his
assent 10 laws the most wholesome and necessary Tor The
public gond-has dissolved Representative Houses re.
pcatedy, for opposing, with manly frmness his !nra-
sons on the rights of the pcopehas made judges de-
pcnden on his will alone, for The Of their Offices
and the amount and payment OF their salaries-has
erected multitude OF Offices, and sent hIthcr
swarms OF officers harrass people and cat out
substance" NC, and Of "aboshng the free system OF
English laws in 4 Dcighborng province, establishing
therein an arbitrary Government, -"laking away our
charters, bolishlng our most valuable laws and altering
fundamentally the forms Of Governments, &c.
The essential object Of representation, is The execution
Of the public will touching the public interest; and is
therefore declared "that all men created equal; that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalien.
able rights; that among them life, liberty and the
pursuit Of happiness That 10 secure these rights, TO-
vernmens are instituted among men, deriving their pow
ers from the consent Of the goccrncd. So two days
before the Declaration Of Independence, the rights Of
the people of New Jersey were maintained by the ndop-
ton of Constitution containing this declaration, CAL
esarce and protection are in the nature of things, reel.
proca ties each equally depending upon the other, and
liable be dissolved by the others being refused or with.
drawn" Virginia, near month before, in her Bill Of
RI GIFTS declared, "That oil power is vested in and con-
seGueny derived from, the people; that magistrates
their trustees and servants and at all times ameRae TO
cm These declarations very fully establish the great
principle Of obcdcncc in free governments to the popu-
lar will; and it in the aggregate II must bc in the detail
1t whole representative government belongs 10 tie
people, and be governed By their will SO each in.
divdua representative belongs 10 his own constituency,
and must be governed by them Ii he will not, he but
be their master; which, if every other repre-.
sentative would d. the government would be instantly
converted into odous tyranny. The individual repre-
sentative therefore, who subvers the will OF his consti.
tuens less the odious yranl, than, II having The
means, lie had overturned tie liberties of his country
If turn but 10 the history OF arbitrary power and
popu!ar obedience we shall find no saiety-none! either
for King Government or People. Glance from the bru
tai conduct, and expulsion Of the Tarquns from Ancient
Rome down the long history Of wrongs and expressions
inflicted by arbitrary power to the recent he!llsh levy
made by Nicholas, Emperor Of The Russas, Of large
number of beautiful young women 10 be given as wives
his degraded soldiers, and can see nothing but luath.
ing every of violence 10 freedom Indeed, The pre-
dominance Of mngsteral will popular sentiment,
degradation and misery in the subject! II we cast
our eyes but for moment 10 the history of King john
the recognition of Magma Charta. the tragic end Of
Charles of England, and Louis XVI: of France the
expulsion Of Charles and the revolution Of three days
in Paris we shall the full force Of popular will
eried in limited monarches; and that representation
wherever instituted, is not only intended but must if
faithful, truly reflect the popular sentiment
According to the principles of the American Reyolu.
on-the Declaration Of Independence and Of the rights
of the States-the Constitution Of The u States and of
the several States ALL all seem TO recognize the great
principle of oLedeuce IN Tie Governments TO The rciH and
,csh Of The people, The power 10 enact laws for the u
S. is vested IN the two Houses of Congress and the Pres
dent The Representatives chosen directly by the pco-
pie every other year, the President indirectly every fourth
year, and the Senators, by the Legislature, every sixth
year The Representatives represent the people in their
aggregate national character and the Senators represent
the States co.equal and confederate Common
while the President as Chief Magistrate, charged with
the execution OF the laws, well as veto upon those
about to be enacted represents the whole people, and the
States in their character Of co.equa conederaed Com
monwculths. Representatives constantly under The
eyes Of their immediate constituents. subj ect every
ment 10 their advice, counsel and instruction. From
The shoIness Of the lerm and The intimate knowledge
which the former must necessarily have OF the in
eres,s and wishes Of the latter but few of dis
obedience misrepresentation This body is,
therefore, the grand inquest OF the naton-and TO IT, IS
conded the power OF impeachment, by which the Pre-
sident, Judges and all public officers made response
BILE for the faithful discharge uf their respective du.
lies The Senators the judges and tricrs Of all im
peachmens. But it has been decided that Senator
Representative be impeached for any violation Of
his duty as SUCH The term Of Senator is two years
longer than That Of President and three times long
thai Of Representative They form coordinate branch
Of the law making power, have veto the appoint.
ofthe President and the Judges in aIimpeach
mcnls Of President Judges Of the courts and public Of
fcers, and themselves independent of every power
but the will of their States, and the opinion Of the world
evident, therefore, n
tended mainly guard and preserve the rights of the
States, as independent conlederated Commonwealth,
from the smaness Of its numbers, the length of the
terms of its members. the vast power they possess
over the action Of the President, the many high and
exalted Offices in his power TO confer, with their con-
SENT and the frequent appointments made from among
them, may be brought into dangerous affinity with
the Executive power, and rather reflect tine 'oM of