The Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1837-1867, 1838-12-11


nrotect,on and benefits which il besows on "ther
State establishments, on the people OF the States
and on the Suites themselves. In this, thelr true
nostion they cannot but secure the coincidence and
ddnod will Of the people and the Government,
which they can only lose when, leapng from their
legitimate sphere, they attempt to control the leg
isation of the country, and pervert the operations
of the Government 10 their own purposes.
Our experience, under the act passed at tho last
session, TO grant presumption rights to settlers
the public lands, has as yet been too limited to
able us 10 pronounce with safety upon the efficacy
Of its provisions to carry out the wise and liberal
policy of the Government in that respect. There
is, however, the best reason to anticipate fovoura-
bic results from its operation. Tho recommended
lions formerly submitted to you, in respect TO IA
graduation of the price of the public lands, remain
to be finally acted upon. Having found no reason
to change the views then expressed, your atten-
ton to them is again respectfully requested.
Every proper eXerton has been made, and will
he continued to carry out the WISHES OF Congress
in relation to the tobacco trade, indicated in
the several resolutions OF the House of RepreseD-
tatlves and the legislation Of the two branches. "A
favourable impression has, trust, been made in
the different foreign countries to which particular
attention has been directed, and although we can
not hope for an early change in their policy as IN
many of them a convenient and large revenue Is
derived from monopolies in the fabrication and
sale of tins article, yet these monopoiies are
really injurious to the people where they are es-
tablished, and The revenue derived from them may
be less in urousy and with equal facility obtained
from another and liberal system administration
we cannot doubt that efforts will be eventu-
ally crowned with success, if persisted in with
temperate trmness, and sustained by prudent leg
isation.
In recommending to Congress the adoption of
the necessary provisions at Tins session for taking
the next census, or enumeration of the inhabitants
Of the United States the suggestion presents itsek
whether the scope Of the might not be
usefully extended by causing it to entrance
thentc statistical returns of the great interests spe
cially intrusted to- or necessarily affected by, the
legislation OF Congress.
The accompanying report of the Secretary of
War presents satisfactory account of the state of
the army and of the several branches of the public
service confded to the superntendcnee of that
officer.
The law increasing and organizing the military
establishment of the United States has been nearly
carried into effect and the army has been extern
svely and usefulIy employed during the past sea-
son.
would again call to your notice the subjects
connected with and essential TO the military de-
fences of the country, which we submitted to you
at the last session but which were not acted up
on, az is supposed, for want of time. The most
important of them is the organization Of the mill
tia on tic maritime and inland frontiers. This
measure is deemed important, as it is believed that
it will furnish effective volunteer force in aid f
the regular army, aud may form the basis for gen
ora system Of organization for the entire militia Of
the United States The erection of national
foundry and gunpowder manuactory, and for
making small arms, the latter to be situated at some
point west OF the Allegheny mountains all appear
to be Of sufficient Importance to be again urged up
your attention.
The plan proposed by the Secretary of War for
the distribution Of The forces Of the United States
in time Of peace, is we'll calculated promote
guIarIty and economy in the fiscal administration
Of the service, to preserve the discipline of the
troops, and to render them available for the main
tcnance OF she peace aud tranquility of the country
With this view, likewise, recommend the adop.
ton of the plan presented by that officer for the
defence of tho western frontier. The preserva
ton of the lives and property Of fellow citizens
settled we'll
rs the existence of the Indian population, which
might be tempted by our want Of preparation to
ruch on their own destruction and attack the white
settlements, all seem to require that this subject
should be acted upon without delay, ard the War
Department authorized to place that country in a
state ofcompete defence against any assault from
gated on that border
1T affords ne sincere pleasure 10 be able to APP
prize you OF tho entire removal Of the Cherokee
nntion Of Indians to their new homes west cot the
MiSslssppl The measures authorized by Con-
gress at its last session with view the longstand
ing continuously with them, have had the happies
effects by an agreement concluded with them by
the commanding general in that country, who has
performed the duties ass gned to him the occa
sion with commendnbe energy ard humanity their
removal has been principally under the conduct Of
their own Chiefs and they have eu,igrated without
any apparent reluctance.
The successful accomplishment of this important
object the removal, also, Of the entire Creek
ton, with the exception of a small number of fugi
yves amongst the Semlnolos in Florida; the pro
gross already made towards speedy compile ton of
the removal of the Chicknsaws, the Choclaws, the
Potawaiamics, the Olawas, and the Chippewas,
with the extensive purchases Of Indian lands during
the present year, have rendered the speedy and
successful and successful result of the lon ostab
lshed policy of the Government upon the subject
OF Indian affairs entirely certain. The occasion
ls, therefore, deemed proper one to place this
policy IN such point of view will eXonerate
the government OF the United States from the un
deserved reproach which has been cast upon it
through several successive administrations. That
mixed occupancy of the same territory, by tho
white and red man, is incompatible with the safe
ty or happiness of either, is position in respect
to which there has long since ceased to be room
for difference Of opinion. Reason and expert
ence have alike demonstrated its impractcabiIity.
The bitter fruits of every attempt heretofore to
overcome the barriers nterposed by nature, have
only been destruction, both physical and moral, to
the Indian dangerous conflicts of authority be
tween the Federal and State Governments and
detriment to the individual prosperity of the cti
"a vel tn 4 l,a Of h.