Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1838-01-27
VOLUME, XxxEV.---Yo. sO.

Piaihy loio that II is no concern of theirs what s The
Character OF institutions; and that they must no, be
touched here, in ME Territories or h. States bv ,heo
or the Government; that they were under the qua dan
protection Of the Constitution and that we stood pre-
pared toIepe( hiaiererence, discounexion be the
consequence wbatit might .a as. e.. o.. ,s.,-.!
1t had pleased Providence fsaid Mr. Calhoun 10 cen
his lot,in Lhe. slavehoidng States. There were his
hopes, and,all that aud dear him. His first
duty was 20 them, and he held every oer even his Oh.
legations b. this nd The Union sacred as
ne regarded them, subordinate 10 their safety He knew
ne would be- assaed both here and where, for this
avowal; 6ut he had long been accustomed to such
saints. tIhey had no terror loy him. il woolt take
something much more formidable compel him to sup
press bis sentiments, drive him from the performances
ofBst he believed to he bis duty, than e pc DC OF hired
scHbblers or The denunciaons of organ,zeJ ptess
teture he concluded his remsIka he woud Gallon the
ot4ern Senators to beara mind that the FIRST battle is
be fought III this District and the Territories rand
that by carrying these points the abolonists hoped to
carry Them IN the States TO yield here. in the Ter.
rtorie3 is to give ground where the two lines come into
conflict TO give the first victory the foe with all the
fatal consequences which usually follow defeat on the
| first encounter With these reflections he would nsk
he would make solemn appeal TO his associates from
the South, which presented the egnabl posi-.
ton these exposed points, the high and lofty ground
OF n"E-intererence and non drsconneclon assumed in
the fifth resolution that Of Inc xpediency in the amend
mcnt proposed as substitute: And he would ask
what motive Of policy duty, would they surrender
the stronger and occupy the weaker give up the Con-
stitution, and rely eXprdiency?
lie saw (sad MIR. CJ III the question before the
fate Of the South 1t YVES higher than the naked
question Of master and slave II involved grea, poll
teal institution essential the peace and existence Of
half of this Union. mysterious Providence had
brought together two races from different portions of
the Globe, and placed them together in nearly equal
numbers in The Southern portion Of this Union. They
there nseparably uniled eyond the possibility Of
separation Experience had shown that the existing
relation between them secuted the peace and happiness
OF both Each had improved; the inferior greatly; so
much that IL had attained degree Of civilization
never before attained by the black in any age
country. Under other relation could they coexist
together. To destroy it to involve whole region
in slaughter, carnage, and desnlalon and, what
will. we must defend and preserve it.
This agitation has produced happy effect at least:
it has compelled the South look into the
and character of this great institution, and to correct
many false impressions that even we had entertained in
relation to it. Many in tho South believed that il
moral and political evil; that folly and deusion
gone see it in lis true light, end regard it
the safe and stable basis for free institutions in the
world 1t impossible with that the conflict take
place between labor aud capital, which makes it 80
difficult 10 establish aud maintain free institutions in all
wealthy aud highly civilized nrions where such instr
,uti"rs ours do not exist The Southern States
aggreg gate in fact OF comnuailcs, not Of individuals
Every plantation IS little community, with the master
al its head, who concentrates IN himself the united in
Of capital and Labor, Of which lie is the
mon representative. These small communities agg'e-
gated make the State in ALL whose action, labor, and
capital is equally represented and perfectly hnrmo.
nized Hence the the harmony the union, and stability
of that seclon which is rarely disturbed except Through
the action OF this Government. The blessing Of this
state Of things extends beyond the limits Of the South
1t makes That section the balance OF the system, the
great conservative power which other portions,
less fortunately constituted from rushing into conflict
In this tendency 10 contact in the North between labor
and capital, which is constantly on the increase the
weight Of the South has and will ever be found on the
vave sde against the aggression OF one or the
| ut
of our political system. This is natural puson,
the sautary influence of which has thus far preserved,
and will long continue TO preserve, our Tree institutions;
if we should he ett undisrsbed Such are the lnstitu-
lions which these deIudpd madmen stirring heaven
and earth 10 destroy, and which We are called on 10 de-
tnd by the highest and most solemn obligations that can
! be imposed men and patriots.
Mr. Clay, Of Kentucky, said Tint lie had to complain
of Mr. Calhoun for that after his resolution had been
modified Mr. Calhoun had spoken ayains, it az II The
part 10 which Ire had objected were still! contained in IT,
Mr. Calhoun said he had not understood at the time
| that any modification had been made.
Mr. Clay resumed. There was another unfounded al.
legation brought Harvard by MIR. Calhoun, OF which he
Nlr Clay.) must complain. That was, that he had al
legged that lie (Mr Clay) maintained that Congress had
right 10 abolish slavery by purchase. Now, when he
had said that he entertained such doctrine and had
MOI, introduced into the resolution he wished to know
if Mr. Calhoun intended still, 10 maintain his charge.
Mr. Calhoun said he had only said that such would DO
natural inference from the ords of Nj. Cay he had
no, said such were actually his sentiments his words
MIR Clay then modified his resolution according to the
suggestion of Mr.. King.
| Mr. Sewer wished clause TO be introduced into the
resolution expressing that abolition in the Territory o.
Florida would be contrary the treaty Of 1919 with
Spain which treaty guaranteed saveryn Florida By the
designation of "priratc property" which guaranteed
generally 10 the inhabitants.
Mr. Calhoun spoke again at some length aganst the
resolution on The ground that it ssnn, and
that his own resolution was preferable
Mr. King expressed himself nstonished at the opposi-
ton of Mr. Calhoun. tle objected that this abandoned
the right of petition; his did the same for il
toned not word upon that right. As TO the objection
tina, the language Oh MIR Cay's resolution not
severe or harsh that of Mr. CaIouns, such appeared
rather TO be recommendation in bis eye Why should
harsh language be used? Do wish 10 frghten the
| South. But the Sonth has no fears What then! DO
we think to n,imidale the North Do we think 10 make
our friends more friendly BY using towards them sharp
and irritating language is It The OBJECT 10 drive away
by harsh language votes in our favor. which we should
have by the temperate of inofenslve language =
Whom do we wish TO Join US b. these resolutions: Not
The South she has nothing 20 fear Then our friends OF
North, who have strongly expressed their detesaton
of the aboliloniss Shall lhen ssch language and such
terms be introduced will make 1t Impossible tor them
10 vote with US even when they wish 10 do 500 He did
think this the true course the wise patn the safest
way OF proceeding, and he regretted that MI alhoun
should still persist in hearing, avorng and receiving no
oroposon whatever except it cane from himself, aud
no words or language except was exactly that which
| he himself had uttered.
Mr. Calhoun explained He could no. be satisfied
with the resolution because il did not meet the case OF
the Vermont resolutions As TO the right of petition
he had not included that point in bis own resolution,
because of the known difference Of opinion Of Southern
men on this subject and he wished 10 unite all the votes
| in favor OF his resolutions
Mr.. Clay said that what had fallen from the Senator
from Alabama (alr. Kng) while it had been heard BY
him with great pleasure, on account OF us souno s9oG
sense and truth had the time greatly
the necessity Of his saying much of wha! otherwise IT had
been HIS intention 10 have said He would however, make
few brief remarks in reply to Mr. Cahouns objections
That gentleman repeatedly urges all the ground gwen
unaI ia sacrificed are made &c, and he
uroes aaains, The resolution before The Senate that
heI(Mr. Clay valves the rights of the South But how