Litchfield enquirer., 1838-12-13

 monopOes are really injurious to the people where they are established, and the revenue derived from them may be less injurOusly, and with equal facility, obtained from another and heFal system Of admin istTatiOn, we cannot doubt that efforts will be eventually crowned with success if persisted in with temperate hrnness. and sustained by prudent egis- lation. In recommending to Congress the adoption of the necessary provisions this session for taking the next census, or enumeration of the inhabitants ot the UnI- ted States, the suggestion presents itself whether the scope 0f the measure might not be usetuy extended by causing it to embrace authentic statistic returns of the great interests specially lntrusted to- or neces sarily affected by, the legislation of Congress.
 The accompanying report of the Secretary Ot War presents satisfactory account of the stale of the my and of the several branches of the public service confided to the superintendence of that officer. The law increasing and organsZlng the military carried into effect, and the army has been extensive ly and usefnlly employed during the past season.
 would again call to your notice the subjects con nected with and essential to the military defences of the country, which submitted to You at the last session but which not acted upon, as IS suPp0 scd, for want of time. The most important ot them is the organization of the miia'on tho maritime and inland frontiers. This measure is deemed important as is believed that 1t will furnish effective volun teer force in aid of the regular army, and may form the basis tor general system Of organization for the entire militia of the United States. The erection ot a national foundry and gunpowder manuactory, and om for gdnt makng g Aeanny mountains ali appear t be of sufficient importance to be again urged upon your attention.
 
 distribution of the forces ot the United States m tune of peace Is we'll calculated to promote regularity and economy in the fiscal admnlsraon ot the servlce to preserve the discipline of the troops and to render ihem available for the maintenance of the peace and tranquility of the country. With this view, Ikewlse, I recommend the adoption of the plan presented by that officer for the defence of the western froner. The preservation of the lives and property ot our tel low-citizcns who are settled upon that border coun- fry as well the existence ot the indian population, which might be tempted by want of prepara ion to rush on their own destruction and attack the white settlements, all seem oreqnire that this sslect should he acted upon without delay, and the War Depart ment authorized to place that country in state of complete defence against any assault from the nume- and warlke tribes which are cOnsrcgated on that border.
 1t affords me sincere pleasure to be able to apprise you of the entire removal of the Cherokee nation of Indians to their new homes west ot the Missssipp'. The measures authorized by Congress at its last ses' sion, with view to the long standing controversy with them, have had the huppiest effects. By an agreement concluded with them ny the commandng general in that country, who has performed the duy assigned to him on The occasion with con'rnendanie energy and humanity, their removal has been prncl- p,y under the conduct of their own chiefs, and they have emigra'eJ without any apparent reluctance.
 The successful accomplishments of this important ohect the removal also, of the entire Creek nation, with the exception of sma!! number ot fugltlves amongst the Semiaoes in Finrida the progress al- ready made towards speedy completion of the re- m'val q" the Chekasaws the ChSc,aws, the poiia, h extensive purchases of Indian lands during the pres cnt year, have rendered the speedy and successful re- Elt Of the eSabilSneQ pn'cy Ot tue upon the subject of Indian affairs, entirely certain-
 The occasion is, theref fore, deemed proper one to place this policy in such point of view as will exon- crate 1he Government ot the United States from the up deserved reprqach which has been cast upon it through several successive administrations That mixed occupancy ol le same territory, by the white and red nlan is incompatible with the sncty or hnp- pness of either, is position in respect to whch there has long since ceased to be room for difference ot opinion Reason and experiGnce nave aihe demon' ry at'emp; heretofore to overcome the bar.iers inter- ,sed by Nature, have only been dcstruclion both physical and moral, to the lndIan danserous eI con jlicts of authority between the Fedora! and State GJvernments and deirnlent to the individual pros' pery of r!c czen wei! as to the general improve
 The remedial policy, the principles of which were sc,!e m re than thirty years ago, under the admlnS. irafion of Mir Jefferson consists an extinction, tor
 fair consideration, of the title 10 all the lands still oc- cupied fv the Indians within he States and Territories of the U. g.; their removal 10 country west ot the Mississippi mach more extensive, and better adapted tn their condition than that on which they then resi- ded the guarantee ihen, by the United States, ot ihcr exclusive ,sscssinn G: hat country inrever,e1 oupt from all nrusions hy white men, with ample provisions tr thrr security a}ans external v'oience and internal tssenSions and the extension to them of suitable facilities Et their ndvamccmcnt in civiza. tion This haa not been e policy of particular ad- msirniions only hut of each in succession since the first attempt to carry 1t out under that ct MT Mon- roe Al have lahnred for is accn,,np''llment' only with different degrees of success Itie manner ot lis execution haa, il is true from lime to time given rise to conflicts of opinion aud un ust mpntnons; but in respect to the wisdom nnd necessity oi the policy it. self, there has not, ir.;m the hcgnning existed doubt in the mind of the calm. udicous, disn'eros- ted friend of the Indian race, accustomed to reec- tion and enlightened hy experience. 1,
 Occupying the double character ol con'rac:or on it's own account, and guardian for the parties con tractcd with, it was hardly to be expected thai the dealings of the Fedora! Government with m tlc Indian tribes would escape risrcprcse,.eon. That there occurred in the early settlement Of this country. asin all others where tho civilized race has succeeded 10 the possessnns of the savage instances o oppression and flin of the there much reason to believe. No such offence can, however be justly charEeahe upon this Government since it be- came free pursue iis own course Its dealings with the Indian tribes have been just and friendly throuehout its efforts for their civilization constant, and directed by the best feelings ot humanity it's watchfulness in protecting them from individual frauds unremitting; it's frbearance under the keen' est provocaons, the deepest injuries and the most nagant outrage. may Ghaienge at eas. c?mpaTl nr cnmstances; and it, ln future times, powerful, CIV ized, and happy nation of Indians shall be found to exist within ihe limits of this northern continent. it will be owing to the consumn,at!on ot that policy which has been unusily assalled. Only very brief reference to facts in confirmation of this nsser- ton in this form he given and you are, therefore. necessarily referred the report of the Secretary of War for further details.
 To the Cherokees, whose case has perhaps excited the greatest share of attention and sympathy, the Uni ted States have granted in fec, with perpetual guar any of exclusive and peacea he session, 1855 I35 acres of land, te west se of the Mississippi, eli- gbiy situated in healthy climate. and in all respects better suited to their condition than the country hcy have left in exchange for only 9492 leo the siee ofthe river. The U. B. have in addition stipulated to pay them five millions six hundred thou sand dollars for their interest in, and improvements on the lands thus reinqusbed, and one million one hum dred and sixty thousand dollars for subsistence and other beneficial purposes thereby putting 1t m their power to become one of the most wealthy and inde- pendent separate communities. of the same extent. in the'world.
 By the treaties made and ratified with the MiaTes, the Chippewas, the Sioux, the Sacs and Foxes and the Winnebagoes during the last year, the Indian t. tie to l64590O0 acres has been extingulshed These purchases have been much more extensive than those