davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

Mr.. GIBSON, .,
Sir:-Beleving that you feel nm mte'GT'
in whatever may tend TO promote The interest," VI wv
Planters, have concluded to drop you line coho'h
ing some facts that may be useful to many oil them.
Since have been in the interior experimenting me III
PRODUCTION o. my cotton machinery, have ascertaheo
that a common size Steam Engine, can be run in me
ginning OF cotton with greater economy and safely w
using cotton seed as fuel than by any other means
DR.. H. Perkins OF this parish who is using steam m
engine Of or I0h horse power, and runs Gins OF oo
EACH has by consuming the seed Of bales OF COT
ton. ginn as high as Is bales of cotton per day.
firmly believe that the seed of leo bales used as iue',
will gin crop of from 10 500 bales cotton And an
other advantage arising from the Of cotton seed as
fuel is the circumstance of their producing no sparks
while burning, and are consequently less dangerous
than wood fuel.
Touse them to advantage, requires pretty close fire
gra:es, keep them from falling through. checked
crossed fire CRATE work will be found best to burn
them on.
The only objection to using the seed all, fuel,
grows out of their value manure for corn, but ms
does not apply to river bottoms and fresh lands; ana
where large crops made on high lands, much ex-
haused enough seed will be left plant and for man
ure, after ginning the crop.
1t is my opinion that every planter who makes over
900 bales ofcotton, would find economical to gun his
cotton with steam power. One planter in this parish
who his gins with small engine of 6 or 7 horse
power, informed me THAT he saves in inning one crop
1900 bushels of corn in horse feed and that his horses
in better codition to commence his crop with II
the spring than il they worked in his gin.
! know another planter the Mississippi River
above Natchez, who employ - horses 10 tive
60 gins, Uf the horses work half the day, and arr
then relieved by the other six, and they work till or II
o'clock night and after all only gin bales per day
Thus he has to keep up and feed IL horses to gin s
bales ofcotton day. The Overseer told me- that,
| it was not for working the horses in the Gin the
would need feeding, the other horses that run OIL
in tho fields range needed Besides his horse
which run the Gin were much whipped and jaded
fact, this service is SO severe on horses as to shore
their lives in many instances if not actually kill them
gear. As this planter lived on the rich bottom of Il,
river, hus tor his cotton seed, manure the
are consequently lett TO rot around his Gin House,
The economy that would result from the of stear
in his case, and cotton seed fuel must be apparent
any one.
have found any active and lively negro on IL
plantation is capable Of making good engineer and fir
man. aud performs both operations with and safet
| remain, very respectfully,
| Your obedent servant,
| ALEX. JONES.
John Gibson, Esq.
Ed. Tue. American,
| New Orleans,
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

Eclipse Course. Fresh horses are hourly arriv-
ing al Carrollton that are swelling the field
to an Unprecedented extent Mr.. Barrow's stable
arrived yesterday with those established favortes,
Pressure, Josh Bell, Dick Hale, and others. Mr.. F.
Dupanteer's has also arrived, including in it
Hren and Rhoderick Dhu. Mr. Shy, Of Kentucky,
has brought down in the Empress the far famed
Kercul,a, that so astonshed the natives in Louis
vile, Barbara Allen, and three more. Mr. Camp.
BELLS horses, lso arrived by tho same conveyance
Mr. Garrison's will be here, with OF three more
from Mobile
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
MErAIRIE RACES.


YRNHE Fall Meeting for 1885, this will
Il commence on Monday, 10th December.
First Day--A match for $4,000 a side h. #. four
mile heats, Major T. }. Wells names bl. Extant, by
imp Leviathan, dam imp. Refugee, by Wandercr.
Grier & Simmons name b. C. by Pacific, dam by Sin
Charles.
second Day-A match for $4,000 side, h. fl four
mile heats MAJOR + } Wells names c f Bceswing,
by imp Levathan, dam Black Sophia tl}irming han's
dam by Topgallant Grcr & Simmons MINES c. T..
Wihina IIernden by Woodpecker, dam by Whipsrern.
Second Race, same day, Sweepstake5 for . year
old colts and llics, mile heats, $500 nine
subscribers.
Jas S Garrison, &C Farur,
Ira Smith Smith, + Smith,
Thos Wells ID Stevenson.
Col Bingaman VIM J Minor
Third Day-Two mile heats, J C Purse $500
Same Day, Two mile heats, J C Purse, $50
Fourth Day-Threc mile heats, j Purse, 1900
Fifth Da,--Fnur mile heats, & Purse, 1000
Sixth Dny-Milc heats, hest nj,J Purse, 700
| Seventh Day-Three mile heats, Projectors
purse, 1000
JAS 5 GARRISON,
RICHARD ADAMS,
lllOS J WELLS.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

Mr. Editor:
have observed in the French paper ale Courier
DIES Etals Uni-, published in New York on the 18th
inst, paragraph of which the following is uansa-
tion:
"The Consul General of France has just received
= from the Reggie of Tobacco, at Paris important
communication which contradcts the premature in
formation given the public by the Consul PhiIa-
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
BUREAU DU CoMPTRoLEUR-Mu nicipalitd

BUREAU DU COMPTROLEUR-Mun icipalit6
No2 Nile Orleans, % Nov. 1888.
AVIS PUBLIC est par lie present donn6, que
Samedi Ter de DGcembre proclaim, midi, J'ad-
jugerai a CO bureau, plus haut enchGrissour, la
coecte du revenu du MARCHE Ste-MARE !,
pour un an, savor dI Ter Janvier 1889 au 81 De-
cenbre inclusivement.
Conditions dc adjudication. lie fe rmier on to.
neur du bail, dsvra, einq ours apres l'adjudicaton
fournr billets promssoircs, endosscs a Ia sa-
tsfaction du cons il, payablos h l, 2, g. A. S. 6, T.,
s, 9, 10, IL ct ~ mos, Gu Ter de Janvier, 1899,
default do la9uelle formait6, il sera proc6te uno
nouvcllc cnchere, pour lie compte ct aux rsques
dudit fermier on tene ur de bail. II devla aussi
rtfecter ct hypothequer en- favour de cette munich
pali,6 tous les dros sur lesquels edit revenu est
atfermG, de maniere qu'au default de Placement dau.
Gun dos dcsdits bilets, eur 6cheancd, la munich
pa,6 ait lie dreit de sacir provtsoirement lesdits
droits, ains a1ee,es ct hypotheques oomme eau
ton. II Sc conformcra aussi aux performances ac-
lueemont en- force on qui lie scront dams "a sulto'
regard dudt marche.
2lnov JOHN CALHOUN, comp Keller
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

The President issued his proclamation on the 2Ist
November warning all citizens ofthe United States not
interfere directly indirectly in the contest go
ing between the British authorities and the Cana
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

LOUISIANA
JOCKEY CLUB RACES,

OpER TlIE LOUISIANA COURSE.
TVNHE FALL MEETING has been postponed 10
j Tuesday, the til day of December.
First Day-Swcepstakcs, Tor Two year oli~--milo
heats subscription 5000, forfeit s2no four subscribers,
and closch-Jnhu + Miller l. Bingaman, w Mi
nor. and G Furmr.
Same Dny-Propretors' Purse SIoo-mr heats
estnce $50, added to the purse; free all hursrs.
Second D0y-lhe Creole Purse of $5lO-mila
heats.
Same Day--purss s25o-rnle heat.-tree for all
horses.
Third Doy-Proprstor'S Purse Sig 1.-TWO mile
heats il than START, the second besl 10 he
titled 10 S!o0- hat wo the winner Ia receive 81 ,OOi.
Fourh Day-Juckey Club Purse 81 &00-ti,ret mile
heats; of which the second hest will be emitted To- S'l'
il more than slart-ifbut two, the winner h receive
$500
Fifth Day-Ihe Louisiana Plate, value s. ,NO1-two
mile heats; live year olds and nvSr will AIRY 100 lbs.
-four olds and under, their appropriate weights.
Sirh Day-Jockey Club Purse ) !,5OO-onr mile
heats: fmore than the second best horse will
be entitled $j00-if but two the winner 10 receive
$4,000.
Serenh Day-Propri"tor's Purse, S6OO-mile heats
best 3 in D.
Eighth Day-Post Sake-three nile hcats-en-
trance $250-p p--tree for all ages-weigbt for age
HENRY TAHOE,
J c BRANCH,
VAUDEVILLE MARlGNi,
moves Prophet rs
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
aRIYATE BOARDING HOUSE,

MI r. NJ feq'EL PEAuLAlS has the pleasure fin
I'VE forming his friends and The public, that he has
taken that coamoiuus house, No. 1885, P0ydras street,
within dsors ofthe Methodist Meeting House, and
opened il for the reception of 'OAkDERS. The
House has been ne y, furnished throughout and no
attention shall be wanting on his part merit share
OF public patronage. The situation l. ofthe most
airy and delightful in the city.
Terms:-FNe d,llars per week.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

To our Planters we commend the perusa of a letter
from Dr. Jones respecting the working of Cotton Gins
by steam, and the of seed for fuel. guam
tity of valuable information will be found in it respect
ing the economy of this novel arrangement
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
rs Numbsrs-l2 Drawn Ballots.

u Ola friZeS, amounting III P'1f o<o
Tickets SO 90 Halves 81 50-Quarters rs C.
Packages of IS Tickets for 70, warranted to draw at
least S33.
at least SIS So Packages IS Quarter Tickets $25 co.
warranted to draw least So For Packages or single
i''N''S' app'' WV MANAGERS OFFICE,
noy3O l6 Chartres st
RpTLLIAKD BALLS AND CHECKs.-A large as
Id sortment of Billiard Balls of superior quality at
the Bazaar, corner st. Charles and Common-st
BUSH u ALLAN.
nov 80 Exchange Hetsl.
NVANIFOLD WRTTERS--Wilson's Improved
NH Manifold Writers i'll every style, just received at
BUSH g. ALLAN,
nov3O Exchange Hotel
= PERM CANDLES--3OO boxes New Bedford
- sperm Cundles assorted Sizes of approved brands
$50 boxes mould candles, Jacnson's brand
100 boxes fresh Soap
SO bbs refined Whale Oil
Champaign Wine of superior quality
Imperial. gunpowder, young hyson n sonchons
Copper, in sheets, from 10 TO icon lbs
Black Lead Pots, assorted sizes, for sale by
JOSEPH COCkAYNE,
nov 80 % Gravier st
GUNNY BAGs-4O bales . bushel bags IN store
" and for sale by q DORSEY,
noT50 "A New Levee
A LMANACS FOR I839-Just received farther
N supply of the Louisiana Almanac for l839, cal
culated for the states of Louisiana, Mississippi and AL
aDama tor sale by FELL " ~,
New York Statoners Hall,
noy30 "A Charities 81
e1kOGANS-lOO cases, containing mems prime kip
kS brogans ana heavy kip boots, lunding and for
sale by ISAAC BRIDGE " co.
noy23 ID Magazine $
. PERM CANDLES boxes New Eedforl Sperm
- Candles landing, for saln by
ISAAC BRIDGE g. co,
noy23 III Magazine 81
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
NEW ORLEANS JOCKEY CLUB.
STEAW BOAT BILLS.

OWNERS, AGENTS, or CAPTAINS Of STEAM
" BOATS Can haze their Bills struck cf, in one,
o, more Colored Inks Plain Coored Paper, wiM
despatch, and on favorable Terms, by fedrfnS their
ORDERS at TRUE AMERICAN OFFICE, corner of
Poydras and ST. Charles streets.
Nsv29-tf
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
BAZ A R.
Corner of 81. Charles &, Common street.

EXCHANGE HOTEL.
DUSH & ALLAN would respectfully call the at
ID ten,iom of citizens and strangers to thercomplcte
assortment OF Gentlenens linen shirts, do cambria
with linen fronts fashionable linen fronts: linen col
lars: silk cotton and merno under shirts and drawers:
cambria and silk handkerchies: black and fancy
watts in great variety: stocks of every descriptions: gum
elastic and cotton suspenders silk, cotton and thread
gloves gents hoskn gloves: umbrellas and canes gold
mounted
Also,-splendid assortment of ladies and gents wri
ting DESKS dressing cases, port foios. perimery, cut
lery, and rich fancy goods.
novId
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

Finn is acting in Rhode island We wish, without
meaning any thing irreverent, hathe would longer
trust to Providence, but trayel along this way.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
dslph,. and made Known through our No. of the ii.

dephin and made known through our NO. Vi '"e III
" November &c. &c.
As the above expressions NAV lead to the belief that
have furnished yuu with incorrect translation oil
public document which, actuated by the same motives
as prompted me, you have hastened to insert III your
columns for the Leneft ofcommerce in general take
the liberty of sending you OF the six original Afches
transmitted by the Reggie that persons inter
ested may consutit, and ascertain that my translation
what is incomprehensble me, viz: the difference that
exists between the document published by the Courier
and the one i'll my possesson although they both bear
the same date. My only Objects to show that have
not wully led the merchants of Philadelphia into err
ror. As the assertion that my communication was
premature respectfully beg leave to inquire OF any
one possessing any knowledge of commercial ransac-
tions if notice be given here the evening OF the 5h
of October is premature, when proposals tor suFphes
are to be presented in Paris the 9th OF December
at O'Clock, p W.
P.aase MIR. Editor, to give place to this letter in
your valuable journal and you will thereby obige
Your obedient servant.
HERSANT,
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

D-Mr john k. Scott, the popular tragedian
arrived yesterday in the steamer Empress. He
will appear INN ediatey at the ST Charles theatre,
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
UOM rRULLER'S Or FiCE,
Second .Mmn'cipdly.

NEW ORLEANS. Nov. I'D 1888.
DUBI.IC Notice is hereby given that On Saturday,
4 the fisl day Of December next, at twelve O'clock,
| will adiu1cate at this Office to tie highest bidder,
the collection fhe of the Poydrus street Mar
ket for year. viz: from the first OF January 1889 to
the 3lst December 1899, inclusive.
Terms and conditions of the adudication.-I far
lessee shall within five DAYS after the adJudca-
ton furnish his prossory notes endorsed to the salts
faction oflhe council payable l. 2, g. A, D. g. Ga 9,
10, II aud II months from The first day OF January
1889, and should he fail to dc SO, new adjudication
will be made for the account andat the risk OF said tar
mer or lessee He shall also effect and mortgage in IA
vor of this municipality all the right which the col
lection of said is fomed that in default Of the
payment of any OF the aforesaid notes on their becom
ing DUE The municipality may have the power seizns
Professionally the aforesaid rights affected and mort
gagged as n pledge. He shall also conform to all the
ordinances in force CHI may be hereafter pass
CT. in relation 10 said market.
JOHN CALHOUN,
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

CITY HOTEL,
Corner of Common and Camp STREETS.
NnR. g. MRS. GEO. SHALL have the pleasure
lvA of informing their friends and the public I'M,
the House sofavoraby known as Bishops Hotet, VIII
tim If company. They have had the House thorough
" repaired ind newly furnished throughout and beg
leave 10 assure the traveller and citizen thu whatever
reputation the house may have acquired IN past years.
no cxertons on their part shall be wanting TO MAINTAIN
it hereafter.
COLLATION. will be spread at IL o'clock on the moro
ing of the 18th inst which the public Is respectfully
invited hoVlo -
n ANCAS SHIRE POTATOES-2aO hampers Lam
& Up WHITNEY,
novl6 Cont st
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

Tobaeco.-The Philadelphia Gazette publishes the
following letter from the French Consul in thercity.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 2lst, 1888.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
1900! Capital Prize.

Tickets only 81.
GRAND STATE LOTTERY.
Drawn numbers of the Grand State Lottery, Class 81.
"a As, J, 49, 5, 58, 49, II, ID, =, lt,7 20.
TLASS No. SO. Authorised by the Legislature of
" the State. To be drawn TOMORROW Dec.
let, 1888, at o'clock, p. NJ. at Bishops Hotel.
S. DAVlS &, co, Managers.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
Dress & Masquerade Ball,
WASHINGTON EsAEE EesbOW

ST. Philip street, between Royal 4 Bourbon.
VIE Manager of The above named Ball Room, CRATE
Il full to his friends and the pubiic for the nnparal-
elled patronage bestow ed him Tor several seasons
respectfully informs them that the establishment has
been enlarged for the of visitors, ana t-
dergone immense repairs. The bar Will be surpassed
by none in quality Of liquors and the Resaurn i'll bo
kept by the obes Resturateur in the United States.
The room will reopen Oh Saturday evening, 3rd Of
November next by II
GRAND DRESS & MASQUERADE BALL,
and will take place usual every Monday, Welnes
day ind Saturday evening, during the season, which
will and on the Ist of May 1889.
N. b. The greatest attention will he paid TO keep
ing perfect order throughout the establishment,
done last season.
oct4
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

.Nem Orleans Cunul and Bm.ku.g Conpany,}
November 27rh, 1888.
rUNIIE Stockholders i'll this Institution hereby
notified, that the aunua election of thirteen D-
rectors the ensuing year, will be held on Mon
day the 10th of Drce mber, the Banking house, be-
tween the hours OF 10 O'clock, A. NJ. and O'clock,
J. Al. BY order.
BEV. CHEW;
moves Cashier
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

Blank Checks, Bills of Lading, Auction
Bills, Pamphlets, show bills, Cata-
lOgues, sc. &c.
D'ORDERS for the Abore and erery other des
cription Of L57PRlNrING= 90 receired at Compiling
Room of"TRUE AMERICAN" in ST. CHARLES Ex-
CHANGE, Sd door from Gravsr street.
Extensive and beautiful Book anil jon FoUNTs.
from The best Fouudries in The United States hare Just
been aided 10 e already ce-stocked Establishment;
and ORDERS wW be executed as Low, as Cheaply,
Expedtously aud Beautifully, as at any other Office
in the City, or at The Printing Office, corner Of Poy
dras ri Charles street:
Nosl-T
NEW CROP SUGAR-275 hhds prime for sale on
~ plantation above the city, by
noy4 Bank Place
TEACH BRANDY-A few bbls cid and Superior
"'''''' READ & BARsToW,
novel Bank Place
T ONION PICKLES, SAUCES, &c. just received
IL gy the subscribers.
l2 boxes English Pickles assorted
10 " Extra quality London MUSTARD
10 " Anchnves in glass jars,
10 Anchevy paste,
hhls Backing, Day & Martin,
/ boxes super. Olives III glass Jars,
Salad Oil,
Assorted Fruits.
WPRlTCIIARD Il 10 TAGERf Jr,
nov2i cor Poydras & Magazine
ASJINDOW GLASS, LINSEED OlL-7nu box
w es of Window Glass, 1900 gallons On III bar,
reS If Varnr+hcs; G5 doz of Paint Brushes, received
pcr il st Louis aud Barque Vouchel and for sale by
ROBT. CLANNON,
roya7 - Camp
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

NOTICE.
nURING the temporary absence Of the subscriber
~ from the city, Charles Briggs Esq. will
his authorised agent, and to him all having business
with the undersigned, will please apply.
FRANCIS ILSLEY, JUN.
novI4 I82B-tf
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

Cdnada-By the latest accounts received from the
north appears bur too true that the Patriots at and
near Prescott have been cut up to man! The rlsate
"Inc onstan in which Lord Durham and family retur-
ned TO England sprung leak from grounding in the
river and was compelled to put in to Halifax.
Mr. Ellice and family, lately prisoners to the patriots
arrived at Albany on the 2lst inst.
Major Clitterow is President of the Court Martial
appointed try the prisoners taken narms at Napier
Vile.
A messenger bearing dispatches from Sir John Col
bourne to the British Government, X F. Maitland Esq
arrived at New York on his way home by the Grea
Western.
Col Dunlas commanded the British forces in the
attack on the party of patriots at Wind Mill Point
His official dispatches received but are to lengthy
for in sertion.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

ENOAL-29D tons Anthracite Coal landing from The
Z J barque Cossack, from Philadelphia, in quantities
70 suit purchasers 100 Scotch Coul board ship
Mars from Glasgow, for sale by
nOy00 Q Rank plnce
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30

UThe steamer Empress. Capr. Russell. passee
about 100 fiat boats loaded principally with live
stock bound for New Orleans.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
NEW ORLEANS & CARROILTON RAIL ROAD
COMPANY.
ARA MIS- FO II THE WEEK DAYS.

After 10 o'clock Car can be obtained by paying III do'
THE JACKSON AND LACOURSE STREET CARS
Leave Canal at 6 O'Clock, A. NJ. and run hourly At
calf past o'clock this will commence running every hai
hour and continue throughout the day until O'CLOCK t. NJ
from the head ofJackon street
going by the Locomotive must provide themselves
with Tickets money will be taken by the conductors
Office New Orleans and Carrolon Rail Road Company,
Poydras street. JOHN ia II
nov29 thici Eng ~. y " 10. "
1TyURKS ISLAND SALTS 500 bushels Turks
Salt, landing from bark Bohemia end for sale by
LEVI II GALE,
noy29 90 Common st
yH,EXAS LAND SChIP FOR SALE-The suhscr
l beers offer for salo twenty Floats of six hundred
and forty acres of land each. by the act OF the Legs
lare this script be held and located by foreigners,
~" Dmny ': ''''N ' = ~ THos BLEE & co.
kTARMINE INK. Just received three rroce of
| " Guyols very superior French Red Ink Tor sale
by DAVID FELT g. co,
New York g. Sationers Hall.
nov 90 "a Chartres ST.
| Establishments Coal in bulk and in casks an
" Liverpool coal in casks delivered in lots to suit
purchasers Orders left the Coal ard in Canal st
| nr at HOLMES g. MILLS,
nov 90 No. Bank Place.
g UGAR s. MOLASSES 20 hhds. Sugar, loo
- bbs Molasses, landing from steamer SemnPhore
and o, sale by ADAMS & WHIrALL,
INCUR. 5n1 bbls lundng from steamer " Phil
| Il lipslor by = ,DMokShl,
| nov % A New levec
EINLOUK. 400 DIS bradbury brandt landing from
| IL fiat boat, for sale by Ii DORSEY,
nov % 4 New Ievee.
= The letter bag of the very fast sailing ship Ac
iess, Tooe master, for liverpool will be taken away
l. II GALE, Agent,
INV % % Courmon street.
True American. [volume] (New Orleans [La.]) 1835-18??, 1838-11-30
.ESS & MASQUERADE, BAL
Mansion House Hotel

NEW LEVEE STREET. Immediately in front of
~ the steam boat landing. The above establish
ment will be re-opened Sunday evening, Dee. md,
and Thursdays. Said establishment will be furnished
with the choicest liquors. and good Restuurat will be
attached TO it.
The managers of said establishment have engaged
sufficient Police officers keep good order throughout
the establishment; there will be place to deposit
coaks. canes, &c. No person shall be admitted in
the Ball Room with weapons otuny kind