davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
SIBERIAN SMOOTH HEAD
SPRING WHEAT.

l will sell rs bushels of the above
named Spring Wheat, at my farm Buck
Eye. privately, for cash. Those that
wish to raise Spring Wheat would do
well to apply soon.
Also, few bushels of the Hope Town
Oats, OF very superior quality. These
Oats are heavier and more productiy e
than any other that have been raised in
this county. @ Orders from distance
promptly attended to.
JOSEPH POINTS.
august. lG. 1888.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
ATTENTION.!
NINETY-THIRD REGIMENT

b MN II : HIND REdIME [
The LIST battalion Court of Enquiry,
will be held in Greenviile on the LIST day
of November next-the 2nd battalion
Court Of Enquiry, will be held in Mid
dlebrook on the End day Of November
the Regimental Cour. of Enquiry will
be held on the 3rd day Of November, at
John Shannon's.at which time and place
the officers of the 93rd Regiment will
meet to elect field officers.
JANE LILLEY, 1t. Col.
93rd Regt. Va. Militia
Sept 27
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
TERMS OF THE SPECTATOR.

The Spectator is published yeekly, 6y
KgNToN HARPER, at Two Dollars a
year, il paid in adrance, OF Two Dollars
and Fifty Gents, after The expiration of
The first sir months.
No paper wiIk discontinued until ali
arrearages are paid.
@e ADVERTISEMENTS not e1ceeding
ONE SQUARE Of printed matter, are in
serted three weeks for one dollar each
continuance after, Twenty-Five cents. Lar
ger advertisements inihe same proportion,
All letters must be "post paid
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
BLANKS.

Constables', Sheriffs', & Clerks
Blanks-Deeds ofBargain and
Sale Trust Deeds-Appren-
tees 1ndentures-Sale Bonds
Single Bonds, &c, for sale
at this office.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04

Purcnaseo upon the most favorable terms,
which they offer ut small advance for
cash, or to punctual dealers upon the US
ual credits, consisting in part as follows.
viz:
los bales 81 7,S Matouca Cotton F., <
80 do 3 & 33 inch NIecht's Co do
40 do Mechanics & Ettricks do do
23O do Manchester, Merchants, Pc. :
tersburg, & Penitsntiary factory z
Oznabergs
so bales Heavy s7s Chicopee s. Appleton
Shirtings.
46 do A 90 s. Ga Dover. Hamilton,
~ New Market, s. Waltham Sheeting
40 cases improved style bid Sbeetioos
IL do 9-S super long Cloths
Al do bales bid s. brown Drillines
% bales Trenton Methuen, Amaskeag &
A. c. A. Tickings
10 cases heavy grey kerseys
IL 40 Glsnroek rs improved Glasgow
IA do Kentucky Jeans
80 do common & superfine grey, blue.
blk, & fancy striped Sa,inetis
4O bales red & blue, striped & plaid Linseys
$50 ps. 81 and d blues, greens & peni!en/
tary plaid do
~ bales fancy & bound end Blankets
10 10 & ! 3-4 Rose s. w hitney do
AuS ~ super Wnito, green, u scar
let Flannels & Bazes
III Fearnaugh,, Pe.ershams s. Flush
ings
Ceases blue blk & fancy London CASH
meres
IL do London s. American blue, black
& fancy colored Cloth, with extra
miiled Drabs and Olives of superior
quality
IS cases 3.4& 6>4English and super French
Merinos
so do Merrimack, Fall River and 9th
er new style Fancy Prints.
IL cases rich London, & Paris do
2 " rich fg'd Gro de Maps g. Pow de
SORES
g Italian Lustrings and super Gro de
Rhines, "a & Ga Paddings
Sail Ducks cold Cambrics Corded Skirts.
Merino Tartan Shawls, Pongee s. Spit
alheId Hdkfs, Fenisios, blue Servings, Swiss
y Persian Threads, Comforters, Gloves,
Hosiery, Suspenders, Umbrellas, with a
completes assortment OF Cambrics, Jaconets.
Check Muslins. SIC. SC. TO all OF which the
would invite the early attention of purchas-
ers.
Richmond. Aug. 80, lsss.-tlslN.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
NOTICE..

Aiipersons having Storeaccounts with
the subscribers which remain unsettled,
are respectfully requested, il inconven.
ieet TO pay, to close the same by note,
CRAIG & MAUPiN.
Stssatoa, Sept 30. 1893
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
5000 REWARD.

RAN AWAY from
the subscriber about the
18th Of November last, a
negro boy named WILL.
LIAM. generally called
Will, he is 5 feet 10 l-2
IL r
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
Saddle and DEMONSTRATING.
PHILIP u. PETNEAN.


brother, respectfully informs his friends
aud the public that he has commenced
the
Saddle g. Horness-M0king Bu-
sineSs,
in the shop lately occupied by Frederick
NJ. Pitman, decd. in Stauaton, where he
will thankfully receive all orders Tor
work in his line. His materials will
be of the best quality that can be pros
cured, and he hopes by unremitted at.
tea,ion TO business, good work, and
a disposition TO please, to merit and re-
ceive share OF public patronage.
He will at all times keep on hand
iS<fsytJyes, gFriSsies, Harness,
Collars, sc. which he will sell on
reasonable terms, for cash, or Oh short
credit to punctual customers.
Ssaunton Sept. 8. 1888.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
COMMISSIONERS SALE
OF
ALUABLE LAND.

BY virtue of decree of the Circuit
Superior Court of Law and Chancery for
Augusta County, made at the February
term. 1888, in the case OF Huffmire's
EXo'r. VS.. Pfau's admir-. and heirs, setting
aside former decree in the same case,
and the sale made under it, the sub,
scriber, who is appointed commission
er for the purpose, will expose to pub
lie sale, on the premises, to the highest
bidder, on Saturday the 18th of October
next. thirty FIVE acres of the tract of
land on which the late DR.. Pau resided
IN Augusta county, on the main road
leading from Staunton to Port Repub>
lie, and adjoining the lands Of Nathan
LOTUS, Silas Hinton and others. This
land is of good quality, and will beshown
to persons disposed to bid, by young Mr..
Pau, who resides on it.-Terms of the
sale are one fourth OF the purchase mo.
ney, with the expenses of sale, to be paid
in hand on the day of sale, the balance
IN three annual payments, secured by
bonds with approved security, and the
title retained as additional security.
CHESLEY KINNEY, Comm'r.
Sept. Ii, 1893.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
Comfort, Economy, Convenience
and Health,
United in Moody & Eastman's
Patent Etec0sSng
= II IL L N O. B ED.

k'Ntelet EteCOkIng
= PR N O. Ii ED.
The subscriber having purchased the
Patent Right Of this Bed, for the counties
Of Augusta aud Bath, is now ready to
furnish them to all who may desire them.
BY the use of these Beds, the expense
OF feathers is entirely avoided, conse-
quently making it cheaper bed than
those in common use.-It is not necessa.
ny to enumerate all the advantages of
these Beds. as all who wish them will
not fail to see for themselves.
Persons wishing to see the Beds can
do so by calling at Messrs. Allen and
Cochran's store.
The subscriber is also the Agent for
the sale of Rights in the other Counties
Of the State.
WILLIAM D. COOKE.
Staunton, May 3, 1888.
-CGG~
WE have carefully examined the
Spring Bed exhibited aud manufactured
by VIM. ID. Cooke of this county and
do not hesitate to say, that for Comfort,
Simplicity of Structure, and Utility, as a
Bed accommodation, we have seen moth.
ing equal to it. AS matter of Economy
superseding the necessity of feathers,
we entertain no doubt of this however
the Public will be the best judge. But
as continuance for the accommodation
ofthe sick and decrepid, we look upon the
Inventions unsur passed by any Of which
we have knowledge.
ADDISON WADDEI.I AT n
JOSEPH WILSON, Al. ID.
F. Il. S7RIBLING, NJ. ID.
It. REYNOLDS. Az. ID.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
Fall & Winter Goods.

BALDWIN. KENT, & co.
Would respectfully inform their friends
OF the country generally, that by late 70.
reign and domestic arrivals they have
now in store large portion of their fall
and winter stock of
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04

Having been appointed agent for the
above mentioned society for the town
OF Staunton, and County OF Augusta, I
will receive propositions to insure pro-
perry Of the various kinds therein refer
ed to. For information as to the ability
of the society to comply with its en-
gagements reference may be had to any
Of the merchants OF gentlemen of Rich.
mond, or to A. HI. H. Stuart Esq of this
place. VIM. S. ESKRIDGE.
Stanton, July 10. 1888.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
TRAVELLING
O2l the KNIZ-2.ONN.

ON and after Monday, the Both in-
slant, the PASSENGER TRAIN will
leave the Depot at quarter past 6, A M.
precisely. Passengers will thus have an
opportunity of break fasting in Winches-
ter: aud it is particularly requested that
all will provide themselves with tickets
in time.
ON Saturday, the 9Th of May, and on
the same day of each succeeding week,
an EXTRA TRAIN FOR PARTIES
OF PLEASURE, will start at 8 o'clock,
A. M. Fare 20 Harper's Ferry and
back by this train at the low rate of one
dollar.
Travellers by this route have now the
advantage OF reaching Baltimore or
w ashinston on the evening of the same
day they leave Winchester, aud Rich
mond at 10 o'clock next morning.
J. GEO. HEST, AGENT.
Winchester, April 25, 1888.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
Six Cents Reward.

Ran away from the subscriber on the
10Th OF August last, an indented appren-
tice to the Tanning business, named.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
FOR SALE OR RENT.
THE WELL KNOWN
W0yne Xucer2a House

With its appurtenances, in the Town OF
Staunton.-Ths property is situated in the
centre OF the Town, is in good repair, and
well calculated for accommodation. ANY per-
son inclined to purchase or rent, will please
apply TO
SAM'L CLARKE, Adm'r.
toith the ,riH annexed Of I'm. Chambers decd.
April 5, 1888.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
JOHN O. LAY
Hgent at Richmond.
THOS. X. BRACE,

President Atna Insurance Company
THE subscriber intending for the fu-
ture to devote his undivided attention to-
the subject of Insurance thinks it proper
to add, that EVERY loss which has oc-
CURED during his agency OF the Etpa
Office. for the last Is years, has been
literally adjusted and settled by him, to
the satisfaction Of the parties insured
JOHN o. LAY,
Agent AEtna Insurance Company.
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
$1OO lREWAR

Ran AWAY from the subscriber on
Wednesday morning the 10Th instant. in
the Blue ridge of Mountains near Kites
Tavern, q negro man named
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
JACOB FISHER.

He is not quite nineteen years Of age,
about five feet six or seven inches high,
and stout made. The above reward
will be given for returning said boy to
me, but no charges paid.
WILLIAM BEARD.
Augusta County, Sept 27--3t
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
THE ETNA
FIRE Insurance Company I!

ARE continuing to take risks inTown
and Country .on Dwelling Houses, Stores.
Manufactures, Mills and other Build.
ings, aud on Furniture, Libraries. Wear
ing Apparel, Stocks of Goods, Machine
ry, and the Stock of Mills and Manu-
factories, as well as on most other de-
scriptions Of insurabIe property. The
terms viii. in all cases, be made as ia
vorable, as can be obtained at any other
good Office. Applications to be made
either personally, or by letter, to the
Agent at Richmond.
JOHN o. LAY,
Staunton spectator, and general advertiser. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 183?-1849, 1838-10-04
DRY GOODS.

purchased upon the most favorable terms.
which they offer at small advance for
cash, or to Punctual dealers upon the US
nal credits, consisting id part as follows.
The native American., 1838-05-05
THE SWEET BRIER.
BY BRAlNARD.

Our sweet autumnal western scented wind
Robs of its odors so sweet flower,
In all the blooming waste it left behind,
AS that the sweet brier yields it; and the shower
Vets not rose that buds in beauty's bower
One half so lovely; yet it grows along
The poor girls pathway. by the poor mans door.
Such are the simple folks it dwels among:
And humble as the bud, SO humble be the song.
love it, for it takes its untouched stand
Not in the vase that sculptors decorate;
lis sweetness all is OF my native land;
And cen IFS fragrantleaf has not its mate
Among the perfumes which the rich and great
Buy from the odors Of the spicy East.
You love your flowers and plants, and will you hat
The little four-leaved rose that love best,
That freshest will awake, and sweetest go TO rest!
[.am. Com. Place Book of Poetrv
The native American., 1838-05-05
GAhLEGANI,S BALSAM OF HEALTH
PREPARED ONLY BY JOHN S. MILLER,
Frederick Cifu larulond

'His valuable medicine has only been introduced 70
lhe pubic about five years, in various parts of the
anu hundreds OF persons have used it. and onnd
us pehehcia ELECTS and of ten cases have
maneniy cured Of the Dyspepsia Cholics Nervous
and all those train Of diseases resulting from
Sonaon o. 'e stomach and liver arrangement Of The
gesuVe inncuons, such as general debility or weakness
loss ofappette eructations and acd;t;a
o. ine stomach cosiveness head ache aundce atnens
Inc proprietor does not recommend Il as moot r,,on,
medicines are, as cure all, and when nseJ !; pu I
anung' .nat .he public have got much deceived that
ney can scarcely be prevailed upon to try any more
wbich Is not The case with this Balsam of Hs.,,h -
Of persons have received the most bapnv ,nS
good effects which the proprietor can produce II a"a
req tne testmony OF many respectable persons that b
been cured Of the above diseases r'' "a' nave
Inc proprietor requests all those persons that are af
ncted ID the way above described to give his medc;
fair trial and he them hat thew will not h de
appointed. ' "''' not oe dis-
The Public will find it for sale-whoesale and retail
March ~ TODDS Drug Store
The native American., 1838-05-05
From Blaclsrood's Magazine.
THE HUNTER.

Merrily winds the hunters horn,
And loud the ban of dogs replying,
When before the shout Of the fleet-ioot morn.
The shadows Of night are flying.
Sullen the bear in the deep green wood,
And proud the stag that roams the forest
And noble the steed with his warike blood,
That exults when the toll is sorest.
Fair is the land Of hill and plain,
And lonely hills in misty mountains;
And the crags where eagles in tempest reign,
And gttering lakes and fountains.
These are the joys that hunters find,
Whate'er the sky that's bending o'er them:
When they leave their cares on their beds behind
And earth is all fresh before them.
Day ever chases away the night,
And wind pnrsues the waves of ocean,
And the stars brother-like hunters bright,
And all is in ceaseless notion
Life is chase, and so It's joy,
And hope foretells the hunters morrow;
lis the skill of man and the bliss Of boy
To gallop away from sorrow.
The native American., 1838-05-05
From the metropolitan Magazine.
THE GRAVEYARD AT sECUNDRABAD. EAST
INDIES.

rHE GRAVEYARD AT SECUNDRABAD, EAST
'Tis in this silent hour
That thoughts within the wanderers breast have birth
Like howrs that, stunning light, Walt ev'nings powe
10 spring from earth.
The fading light day
Cshers from out the melancholy mind
Sweet hopes, that-like the vesper planets ray
In gloom are shrined.
The family creeping change
nat turns 10 russet brown the glad green earth
Inc hle. .hles, wheeling in their sparkling range
The moons bright birth
The sounds of distant flutes
ne languid fragrance OF the dewy flowers
lhe hylng iox's whirl, past IL shoots,
he slow -chimed hours
Al--all of these contain,
Thoughts Of sweet genileness, whose soothing power
Gan calm the poets throbbng heart and braih'
And oh! that sobbng wall,
POURED by the wild wind through the bamboos there
II hath spirits voice, that may not fail,
10 quell despair
II whispers of the dead
That round us lie, Tapped in their sacred sleep:
II says Here is no aching heart, nor head,-
NO eyes that weep
'They slumber midst the dews-
M NO sun can scorch them no nght.damps can chill;
Theirs IS a rest no seasons change subdues,
They dream on still.
Dream they on.--No-thev live
Far from the earthen caves their bones that keep;
lis only Death. sad wand'rer! that can give
A cakiag sleep'
CALDER CAMPBELL.
The native American., 1838-05-05

IHE LIFE BoAT-Attwelve o'clock yesterday
morning number of persons assembled at Gil
rard wharf, to witness the experiment made
with the new life boat, but after waiting about an
hour in anxious expectation for the appearance Of
the boat, they retired, chagrined at their dsap-
Pontment. In the afternoon, however, the trial
did take place, in the presence of large concourse
OF persons. A number of experiments were
made, and every attempt to upset or sink the boat
was Intellectual. horse was kept runing until
the water ran over the sides of the boat when
'he plugs were removed from its bottom, and in a
snort time the water all ran out, and continued
to do so as fast as it was towed tn the wharf and
the spectators dispersed, gratifed at the success
iul result of the experiment.
The native American., 1838-05-05
Vie NEW YORK Life Insurance and Trust

NHE NEW YORK Life Insurance and Tr,,.t
Company has capital subscribed OF one million ne
noiaIs but IN consequence of being the depo.orv of
the Court of Chancery and of the Surrowgats Ccra "
OF the State of New York. as well as of indiv;Juals
he business means have increased to upwards Of five mil
Chancery, dated 23d Of May, 1885 N'a''e' - -
Ic persons IN pubic employment who receive fixed
salaries, an Institution like this affords certain mode of
sufclent sum for their families future day;
and Il the object of parent besides that Of merely making
Ving IS 70 accumulate something for the support and
education OF those who may be left behind il can he real
lzed IN tins way without exhaustng those energies Of
ordinary struggles of life 'NS
person aged 30 years. whose income is AT 900 ner
annum, may by the appropriation Of lls year secure
10 his children $4,000, if he should die ne %
husband 80 years old, may provide $500 for his wife
by paying annually the small amount of $lI 80 Al An
years DID, clerk may create saving fund of s. OOs for
the payment OF his debts, by the annual premium Of
$37 So AT SO, the amount may be secured during
period of years. for the yearly payment Of $49 IL
In the minor offices of the public service experience
mas shown that the salaries not sufficient TO enable the
ncumbents to lay up any thing, even for the nfmas
OF age, much less for the maintenance Of those who
vve The abors Of thirty years are therefore, productive
OF only the support o the day. and there are many sens
tive and anxious hearts who live for the happiness os
their families that harrassed for years by the reaJi
apprehensions OF future want. N>N
For SUCH Life Insurance Company holds ont relief
gives reality to hope, and by the small economy of G
dollars per month. puts the mind at ease and affords the
means of securing il for others. '
ne FeihhahaTles LOT eHecHng lnsnrances are very
simple, being merely declaration of age. health and
o'her particulars set out in the forms Of tie Office To-
geher with statement Of the physician and friend of the
which will be furnished by the agent in Washington citv
AS the design OF the company is profit on he one side
ana protection 10 the other and it's ar system are
ected 70 mat end it only requires reciprocity Of good
iah 10 produce the mutual result Of strength 10 Itself
and security to its customers.
omcers IN the Navy will also be Insured either for
=, sea uuy !he latter service, however being with
an additional premium which will depend upon Tie ati-
tude and climate of the voyage.
insurance will be made for one year. or any period
WITHIN seven years, for life, the premium varyinp in
either case, according to the term The risk OF the
pany will commence with the date of the policy: but no
insurance will be considered valid until the policy is
delivered to the insured. Full information I'm k y.n
upon application, post paid, 10
HENRY M. MORFIT.
Washington Ciiy.
The native American., 1838-05-05

lNcENDIARY RAT.-On Tuesday last the office
OF Samuel Fernandis, Esq of Baltimore narrow.
lly escaped destruction by fire in consequence, as
IS supposed, of some agency or operation of q
large Rat, with bundle Of Lucifer matches. The
conclusion is, that in attempting to gnaw off the
paste Of the matches, the bundle became ignited
but was, without damage to the building extn
guished.-TN. Y. Sun.
The native American., 1838-05-05

ERENCH LESSONS-Mons. Abadic has the honor
- 10 INFORM the Ladies and Gentlemen of this city
and It's vicinity, that ne continues to give lessons in his
own native language hs rooms or private families and
this office. "PP'J -
ratnre, for sale at all the book stores
The native American., 1838-05-05

AANlEL PIERCE respectfully informs his friends
- and customers, that he has removed his Umbrella
nd"uactory TO the north side of Pennsylvania Avenue
Immediately opposite his former stand and next dor to
the Native American Hotel Persons having Umbrellas
to cover, or repair respectfully solicited to call as
above. -
D. AS several Umbrellas have lost the names by re
moving, the owners would much oblige if they would
come and designate their Umbrellas Sept. 23-3m
The native American., 1838-05-05
From Fraser's Magasiue.
p. + A S D u p.

Of all the P's in Johnson's Dictionary
Pe-tard, Pe-ruse, Pe-ruke, Pc. titionary
Peacock, Peculiar. Pc dant and Pe-nal;
Pe-remptory, Pe-nates, and Pe-lal;
Pe-cuniary, Pe-riph'ry, and Pc rish;
Perennial, Pe-tresent, and Pe-vish;
The z | most approve of all the group
Is Pea the son Of Pod, and sire Of SOUP
Bet therefore mine to sing, in measured lays,
That soup Of soups, Pea Soups superior praise.
Sage was the pilgrim, fearing to refuse
walk with peas in both his sandall'd shoes
Who did far more than other sinner dust,
He put the peas in-but he boii'd them first.
Yes, he was wise who thus on priescrait stole,
And eased at once his body and his soul:
Yet wiser he, who, scornng SO to stoop,
Converted Pe-nance into rich Pea soup.
Say, revent Geni of the cooking trade,
How may this famous compound best be made?
But, ere the secret thou uniod'st, o muse!
Give more attention to your P's and Q's.
The vulgar mode produces pottage merely, >..
Split peas and water-bacon looking queerly.
Sagacious cooks, however, do not spare
The tender chicken nor the tnid hare;
Good beef they add with celery and thyme
And sundry healthful condiments to rhyme,
II their due mixture you shall well contrlye,
Your toll and trouble cannot fail TO thrive.
But first the compound mix with peas lot
Then TO the fire drag the unwilling pot;
Upon trivet let it simmer slow,
And Keep the bubbling just upon the 60:
STIR frequently the heaving mass to keep
Your peas alive; nor let them idly sleep,
Lest 'gainst the iron walls they rest and stick,
And get bedevied like a candle wick.
This would, indeed, be fatal TO the name
Of goodly soup, and proving shame.
Wen boiled the pulpy mass both fine and tender
Quickly your vegetable adjuncts render,
Next work the whole together well, and strain,
Through sieve Of tainis, or of muslin plain;
SO may your board be graced with soup delicious,
Making all turtle soups appear Of Jsh.ous.
The native American., 1838-05-05

LEGAL PERsPIcuTY.-The following beautiful
specimen OF legal perspicuty, is from Haddock's :
Chancery Practice English edition, vol. /.
P. 10; When person is bound to do thing.
and ne does what may enable him TO do the thing.
ne is supposed IN equity to do with a view Of
doing what he is bound TO do" =