Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1838-06-13
Prom eur Evening Editiss.J WI
Tne History OF Ste n mn NavIUatlom.


10 the year 1928 when il had become universal through
not eny the United Kingdom, but great part of Ea-
rope since mat time scarcely year has passed away
vessels and machinery
Ii in the year 1929 that very strong desire was
first manifested to par,ake of the benefits Of steam com
munication between England aud India The close
connection between that colony and the mother country
its great political importance, and the extensive com
ransaced-all combined to render il extremely
desirable to obtain certain ard speedy route be-
the countries 1t is very strange that the one
adopted is precisely the that used more than
1000 years ago, when Alexandria of much i'm
portance the grand depot of Eastern commerce The
canal which has been proposed the Nile and
the Red Sea is plan which was successfully carried
that distant period, and its remains may still be
discerned in mary places. There is abundance Of evil
deuce to show that IL was extensively used until the
discovery OF the passage by the Cape OF Good Hope.
1t may, perhaps, be matter of astonshment that the
comparatively short by the Nile should be aban-
doned for one three times as long and through tenn
pestuous but 1t will cease TO be so when
member the dangers attending the navigation Of the
bound shores of the Red Sea and the nconv
attending the transshipment of heavy goods
Until within few years past the condition of Egypt
has been very unsettled and the pundering habits of
the Bedouns have presented almost insurmounable
objection the overland route; but under the firm and
civlizng rule of the Pacha the path through the small
portion of the desert between the Nile and Suez has
been rendered perfectly secure from depreciation.
AS early the year 1890 small vessel Of inferior
construction and limited power, called the Hugh Lind
say, Piled between Bombay and Suez. This vessel
proved the perfect praccabliiy Of eonendng with the
southwest monsoon wind which blows violently in the
Indian ocean from April September. The exertions
of Mr. Waghorn, who has so zealously devoted himself
this grea work, have still further facilitated the in
tercourse so favosraby begun and the Honorable
Enst India Company have recently sent out the Alta
lanta and Berence, large and powerful vessels,
which now run between Bombay and suez. Much is
also due 10 Lord William Bennck for his efforts and
to him may be attributed the adoption Of boats
the river Ganges: These vessels are of light draft
and are worked with the light, oseillatng engines Of
Messrs. Mawdsley and Field, and usually make, in
three weeks a voyage which formerly occupied the
native boats any months.
About the year 1880 the attention Of the publ was
turned another Improvement Of bulding vessels and
this was the adoption Of iron instead Of wood as build
ing material The of this has been found to be of
very great benefit in steam vessels the draft Of water
being much less than that of similar vessels constructed
Of wood In hot climates it is invaluable by Of
its possessing both ncorrodbihty and salubrity The
ravages Of the terede, IN those parts Of the world is
very great and the Eastern rivers boats pierced
in a shert time and rendered useless by them BY
using iron as building material this Is, Of course pre-
vented The increased saubrity wood vessels is
in consequence OF the conducting power OF iron being
much than that OF wood and the sea being al
ways COOL the heat Of the vessel is rapidly carried off,
This fact srkngy verified in the African expedi-
ton which sailed in the year 1833s explore the Niger
One Of the steamers which accompanied that expe-
dton made Of iron, and the mortality board her
only about one half Of that Of her companion An
other great advantage is that iron vessels la
BILE to casualties other vessels Thus, if wooden
vessel strikes against rock. she makes hele in her
bottom and, cons, quenty, sinks whereas iroa
sci may meet with the same accident and be merely
damaged AS proof OF this, Of the Irish Inland
Navigation Companys iron boats was being towed
Lake Derg in gale Of wind, the rope broke and
the vessel forced the rocks, where she bumped
with great violence for time, and yet did
tain any injury. The Of iron in the building Of
steamers 10 daily becoming more extensive and some
of our finest vessels built oft The Rainbow,
which recently launched in the Mersey, Is one e
the most beautiful yet constructed though 200 feet onG
yet her draft Of 10 but six feet and her average
speed is twelve miles an hour #.s r t
The improvement in marine steam engines, during
late has fully kept pace with those in the vessels
themselves and ofhese the the plan sf
condensation by Mr.. Hall. who has sdopssd . mode
which possesses several great sdvantassa The plsa
of Watt which is still indeed. in extensive sss was
throw jet Of Geld water into the cosdensss and thas
condense the Al OF course this Jet ives Il
salt water and the consequence that the fresh
Of the condensed steam became mixed with IL and
pumped into the boiler. This being constantly sup
piled with salt water while parted with steam which
contained salt became charged with salt that
operation, called blowing of, and which consisted IN let
ting the heavy salt At the bottom Of the boiler
obliged be performed at least every two hours
and this was neglected, deposit formed
a, the bettom which tho heat and burnt tho
metal. tst8s
Mr.. Hall prevents these i'll consequences by con-
densing wi,hou, the JET ALL and his plan il very sim
pe He places the condenser, which 10 nterseced by
vast number oftubes, in weasel Of cold water. which
TO- OF course constantly renewable from the AID
thus produce ell the effects Of Jet The boilers are
Of course originally filed witt fresh water which thus
lasts out the whole voyage, exactly the
turning to them which originally leh them. Even the
small quantity OF emitted at the safety vslve 10
saved being conducted to the condenser and 10 pumped
again intothe boiler.
while these and many ether Improvements were in
progress the eyes Of men turned to the accs0-
pIishmeat Of steam navigation between England and
America. There peculiarly in the intercourse.
which rendered this plan desirable. The westerly
Winds which blew almost constantly in the Atlantic,
rendered the passage to America tedisus and uncer
and our valuable COLONIAL possessions in the New
World were separated from by voyage OF frequent
ly forty City days UEder these circumstances them
the practcaby OF scamvessels navigating that
became question OF keen interest Mechanical men
were different opinion upon IL and in particular
Of distinguished snsinments and great celebrity, early
took his stand and denied the feasibility OF the plan.
While scientific men were thus occupied, company Of
spirited propretors built and launched steam vessel
OF the finest class. and combining nearly all recent i'm.
provements This vessel, the Great Western, was
thus the 6rst actually huilt for sailing between Eng
lard and New York. The gentemas 70 whom 40
all uded Dr. Lardner upon the data OF the con-
sumption Of coal On board the Government steamers.
and assumed it for steamer to be locs- per horse
power per hour, where's this vessel only consumes
about 6lbs. so much for theory-snd improvements
are now in progress which promise sun grsa'er reuuo
ton. t...l.., ~.
Il = .-H-es Of an Ne Detren Chy