davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08
North American Trust and Banking Company
No. &c Wall street, New York.
..... CAPITAL, $4,000 OOo

F.. CAPITAL, $50 900 600
This Institution has been organized under the Genera
Banking Law Of the State Of New York. Its Capital II
Fifty Millions of Dollars-Two Millions of which ha'
been subscribed ~
Ii has limited its capital for five years to Ten Millions
of Dollars half Of which is to be secured on bonds
and mortgages OF fee simple real estate anu the ohe
half in cash public stocks
The Company issues its Stock for cash, State Stocks
or Bonds secured by Mortgage, unincumbered Rea
Estate Applications to be addressed to the Second
Cashier ... ...
engagements liberal those of any Corporation
the State.
OFFICERS.
JOSEPH d. BEERS, President
JOHN LORIMER GRAHAM, Counsellor
WALTER MEAD, Cashier.
DANIEL f. TYLEE, Second Cashier.
WILLIAM P. POWERS, Notary.
DIRECTORS. .
Joseph d. Beers, Peter Stuyvesant,
Thomas f. Davis, Arson q. Phelps,
George ID. Strong Thomas l.. Servoss,
John X. Peters, John l.. Graham,
Robert Dyson, William P. Halett,
Jonathan Trotter, Valentine G. Hall,
Charles Hoyt, William Stebblns,
James b. Murray, Henry H. Leeds, =,
Henry H. Elliott Gilbert Allen,
Obadiah Holmes, Thomas G Talmage
Daniel +. Tylee, Courtandt Palmer
Henry Yates,
Sheldon Thompson, Erie County.
Samuel Wilkeson Erie County.
Washington Hunt, Niagara County.
David f. Evans, Genesee County.
William X. Strong, Ontario County
William VI Oliver, Yates County.
Samuel d. Walker, Baltimore.
James Erwin, New Orleans.
nov l0-6m
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

French diplomats, gives the following description
of a Russian coronation at was imposing ceremony,
the Emperor having his fathers asssssins at his SIDE,
his grandfather assassns before him. and his assas-
sins behind him"
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

The following answer OF Governor BUTLER of South
Carolina, to the petition for the pardon OF man under
sentence Of death for the murder Of negro boy not
only reflects great credit upon that gentleman, but fur
nlshes another proof Of the wfu lsehoods Of the Abo
ltionsts We commend the attention Of those among
who have been taught to believe that the lives Of
the slaves are held cheap in the South the lives Of
the catlle.-N Y Gazette.
To the Sheriff Of Riehland District, s. C.
Executive OFFIcE, COLUMBIA
October 80, 1888. I
The petition Of sundry citizens, behalf Nazareth
Allen, convicted Of murder the fall term of the Court
Of General Sessions, &c for Richand District, is re-
ceved w .s...a ..r
In exercising the delicate responsibility attached to
my Office, it is difficult but imperative duty to dis
crimnate sterhy between the real merits Of the case
and weight OF personal sympathy which generally bears
upon it, through pity for the unfortunate The number
and responsibility OF the petitioners cannot alter the
tue Of the facts the unofficial irresponsible
prayer OF the Jurymcn, in my Judgment, be permitted
to reverse the solemn verdict Of the jury. The
is nndensbly clear, Of deliberate, rather wanon ho
micde. The plea for mercy is the extreme youth Of
the convicted prisoner
The only consideration that gives weight to this plea
is the hope of amendment in the future Of
formed character, with the probability Of sautary i'm
preston having been already effected a rnd yet de-
PRAYED will add the affections Of the unhappy
sufferer by detailing the features Of his case which have
compelled me to the reluctant conclusion that these
siderations cannot be applied to him. The laws Of
South Carolina make distinction in Of debe
rate murder, whether committed on black man or a
white man. and neither can l. am not a law maker,
bu, the Executive officer of the laws aiready made and
| must not act on distinction which the Legislature
might have made, and has not thought fit TO make.
That the crime Of which the prisoner stands convict
ed committed agains, of inferior grade in
society for being especially cautious Of inter
cepng the just severity Of the law This class of our
population subjected well for their proctec-
ton advantage. Our rights, in regard them,
imperative than their duties and the ius,i-
tutons which, for wise and necessary ends, have rem
dered them peculiarly dependent, least pledge the
i'%i be TO them peculiarly friend and protector.
The Player of the petitioner is not granted.
'..@.' PIERCE M BUTLER
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

THE subscribers to the Testamenary Law Of Mary
land and the District OF Columbia, compiled Ivy Judge
Clement Dorsey requested to call on r. TAYLOR
for their copies.
The work treats Of the Orphans Court its origin, pro-
gress present organization the Orphans Court how
appointed and of the jurisdiction and duties thereof the
Orphans Court apprentices paupers and free negroes
the Orphans Court, disqualification OF the Judges the
Orphans Court miscellaneous powers wills, how made
and their effect wills of infants wills OF married wo-
men Wills how authenticated; lost wills, enormously
dated foreign wills noncupatve wills donations moris
causa lapsed legacies wills when words OF limta-
used testamenary papers; implied revoca'lons;
revocatons by cancellation oberatlon revocation by
express revocation revocation by subsequent
~ disposition of the republication OF wills letters tes-
amentary or Of administration, how and OF whom they
are be obtained letters tesamentay, to whom they
may be granted letters of administration, to whom and
under what circumstances they may he granted when let
tiers ad colgendum may be granted; general powers oil
executors and administrators; rules concerning inveno-
res assets Of administrators and the conduct
of executors and administrators relative to paying and
collecting debts rules for proving claims against deceas-
ed persons directions concerning accounts and debts due
to deceased person; distribution OF intestates per-
sonal estate guardian and ward rights of widows; re.
lease 10 guardians and executors esamentary capacity
| have examined the compilation of Judge Dorsey on
the Testamentary Law of Maryland and think it work
Of great accuracy, merit. and utility.
October Q, ls3S.-oct 81 JOHN STEPHEN
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

Defaloation.-A JOINT committee appointed by the
Legislature OF Mississippi 10 examine the books and
accounts OF the late Auditor Of the State, John IL Nal
ory have reported him defaulter in the Of SS54
079,96 His place is TO be filled by a staunch Wing
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08
IEGIsL.ATrRE OF NEW YORK.

II is as follows Standardization Is; Wings,
H. House OF ASsemby-Loco-focos 49, Wings 81
Majority for the Wings on joint ballot, 80,
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

HISTORY OF THE lNQUISlTiON, in volume
Of l92 pages with engravings; price fifty
cents is just received, for saleby
H TX.
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

TRAVELS OF ANACHARSlS, abridged for youth
i from the original work Of the Able Barthelemy one
volume of 400 pages price 81 cents just received for
sale hv II F. TAYLOR now
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

DOOK OF THE UNITED STATES, by Granville
ID Mellen, exhibiting their Geography, divisions, Con-
stitutons and Governments, Institutions Agriculture
Commerce, Manufactures Religion Education, Popula-
ton Natural Curiosites. Rail Roads. Canals, Public
Buildings Antiquities Fine Arts Literature. Geology
Mineraogy, Botany, Natural History, Productions, Man
ners and Customs &c &c. &c presenting view OF the
Republic generally and Of the individual States, together
with history OF the land from It's discovery 10 the present
time the biography Of about three hundred OF the leading
men statistics &c &c &c. tho whole complete in one
volume containing several hundred engrayings, is just
published and this day received for saltby
nov 3 r. iAlboN'
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

TICKS WORKS.---The whole complete in one large
- volume, price two dollars, handsomely printed and
neatly bound containing his Philosophy Of Religion"
Philosophy Of Future State y" Essay on the Improve
mcnt of Society" " Christian Philosopher" DC &c.
nov F. TAYLOR.
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

A MEXICAN ALMANAC AND REPOSITORY OF
n USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, for ls39.-A large ad-
dltional supply is this day received, for saleby
oct Al - F. TAYLOR
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08

EELT'S BLACK FLulD--Steven's light blue, dark
i blue and red Writing Fluids.
Amolds do do 49,
! Guyot's Paris Writing Ink red and black.
Terrys London Inks, black, red, japan and copying
Tcrry's Ink Powder.
French Rose Carmne Ink, beautiful article.
Perry's Blue writing Fluid; Terrys green writing
Fluid
Maynard and Noycs, Boston Ink and Ink Powder, red
and black.
Kidder's New York do do do
Dobbs British Exchequcr Ink.
large supply OF the above is Just received for sale
oct3I +. TAYLOR
The Madisonian. [volume] (Washington City [i.e. Washington, D.C.]) 1837-1845, 1838-12-08
SECOND TINE OF VOTING.
FoR Mn. CLARKE.
FoR Mn. GARLAND.


Messrs Anderson, Anterior, Banks Beirne,
Bouldin, Bynum, Cambreleng, Casey, Chapman,
Counor, Craig Crazy Cushman, Davee, Drom-
goole, Elmore, Harrington, Fairfield, Foster, Fry,
Glascock, Granand, Haley, Hawkins, Haynes,
Holt, Hopkins, Howard, Ingham, J. Jackson, Joseph
Johnson, J. w. Jones, Lewis, Lyon, J. M. Mason,
Martin Mckay Abraham McClellen, Montgomery,
Morgan, Murray Parker, Parmen,er, Paris, Petr-
kin, Phelps, Rhett, Rves Sawyer, Snyder, Stuart,
Thomas Toucev Towns, Turney Weeks, Willie
sey, Jared w. Williams, Worthington-60.
FoR Mn. LIVINGSTON.
Messrs Andrews, Beers, Bcknell, Birdsal Brod-
head, Bronson, DeGrati, Edwards, Gallup, Grant,
GRAY, T. b Jackson, Nathaniel Jones, Kemble,
Loomis, Robert Mcclellan, Moore, Noble, Palmer,
Pratt, John II. Preniss, Spencer, Taylor, Titus,
Vail, Vanderveer-26.
Foa Ma SnocH.
Messrs Biddc Borden, Darlington, Davies Hen
nv, Marvin, McKennan, Mitchell Potts Ridgway,
Russell, Sergeant, G. H. Williams-I3.
For Mn. BuEHLER.
Messrs. Beatty, Buchanan, Hammond, HubIey,
Keim, Klingensmith, Logan, S. w. Morris, Payn-
ter, Plumer, Reilly, Wagner Shetftr-l3.
FoR Mn. BoLrR.
Messts. CLANCY. Isaac Fletcher, Leadbeter, Shep-
lor Swearingen, Webster-6.
FoR Mn. MADAM.
Messrs. Herod, Mligan, Rencher, Taliaferro-i
THIRD TINE OF VOTING.
FoR Ma. CLARKE
Mcssrs. Adams Alexander Heman Allen, John
w Allen, Aycrgg Bell Biddle, Bond, Borden,
Briggs w. B. Calhoun, John Calhoon, w b
Campbell Garter, Cheatham, ChildS, Clark, Coffin
,Corwin, Crdbb, Cranston, Crockett Curtis, Cush.
ing, Darlington, Dawson, Davies, Deberry, Dennis
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08
PROSPECTUS
49,, : for publishing
The Laws of Mississ;r,>.

AW, being the rule Of oo,i '
~ cribed by the supreme po S'Ou Pres
sta!e, commanding what isright, ma tS' The
hlbitlng what is wrong, a general ! a pro-
lance with its provisions IS dea; aCquan,
the scholar, the legislator, the nlaaaOle TO
mechanic, as we'll as the LAWYER h. "'er and
sion, All classes Of society, in : probes
can government. like our own d = .ePuOIL
for the perpetuity ofits instipt;oIp"' nuan',
on an enlightened public scntims o, a'on'
Iqure some knowledge of the lenaI re-
ments, upon which their lives. ,Sa; enp %,
critics, and their fortunes, depend "''' HO'
The laws Of Mississippi, ola peno,,,
ture, as enacted by her successive lo 81 ia
lures, lie scattered in numerous voISs SIa'
buried under mass of private acts nri'
portance to those alone who are di,o, "a
interested in tIeir provisions, and ops.; .ly
by their bulk, and the want Of arranosn
an almost insuperable barrier 10 thai H~ WY
eral dissemination of their contents N'
mongst tie great mass ofthe people. wb;s
their importance would seem to reou;,s
To collect and arrange all the laws II,
general nature, now in force, in this St,n
under their appropriate titles, topotb",
with suitable digested index, and svoor '
intending, in person, the completion of,he
work, until ready for delivery, will be ~,
labor of no small magnitude. The SIM
port and patronage OF the intelligent cii;
zens ofthis great State, feel cop6den,
will not be withheld from aiding in the AZ.
compllshment Of a work which will more
widely discriminate knowledge Of m,
institutions, and the wisdom on which tbov
are based. I. J. FOX ALDEN.
Jackson, Miss, February, 1888,
Gr The work will be published in two
royal octave volumes, comprising from
five to seven hundred pages, containing
all after the enacting clause, uerbalim, Of
every law now in force, of general ma.
ture, together with a reference to the
laws. A digesled index ofths
contents of the volumes, will be appended
bringing at once TO the view a CONDENSED
statement Of the standing law, under its
distinct and appropriate title.
TERMS will be-to subscribers, fr
dollars per volume, bound and letterej,
payable on delivery.
The work will, if sufficient encourage
ment is obtained, be ready for delivery
the LIST of January, 1889. N
T. ]. FOX ALDEN
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08
PROSPECTUS
THE WEEKLY PICAYUNE

THE WEEKLY PICAYUNE.
In consequence of the popularity which
our daily paper has gained in all sections
OF the country, and the numerous de-
mands we are receiving from all quarters
for weekly journal, VIC have determined
on starting one of that description, to be
entitled the THE WEEKLY PIcAYUNE."
To adopt the same figurative style used
IN our first prospectus, VIC have fitted out
the "Ptcoyune" for more distant voyages,
and trcighted her with all sorts of notions
in the shape of read0bleS; and if the same
success attends hel which she has met
with while coasting nearer home, we shall
doubtless receive rich returns.
To prepare our little craft for the more
extended sea on which she is destined TO
move, we have put on her many additions
and improvements, Some of her old tim.
bers have been taken out and replaced by
new-she has a greater measurement fore
and aft, greater length Of beam, and her
sheets have been materially enlarged.
Notwithstanding the increased size, the
public may rest assured that the 'Picayltne'
will be enabled to work in Shoaz aoater with
The same facility as heretofore, and form
Communication which it would
DO folly for the dull heavy vessels at pres
mt sailing this port to navigate
Commission merchants and others hav- ,
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08

The extensive and growing interest OF
the Southwest, It's moral and social i'm.
provcment, and its increasing literary and
scientific demands, have awakened atten.
ton to the fact that in this highly impor.
tant portion of our country there is no
journal or paper so exclusively devoted 10
literature and science, advocating the doc
trlncs OF no party
Feeling the necessity of such paper.
the Jefferson College and Washington Ly-.
ceum have commenced the publication of
a periodical entitled "HHE SOUTH. IVES
TERN JOURNAL" TO be devoted 10 litera-
ture and science, and all subjects interest.
ing to the general reader.
1t is published semi-monthly, in the ci-
ty of Natchez, and contains sixteen small
qnarto pages, similar in form to the "Pen-
ny Magazine" and is protected by good
envelope, so that it may be conveyed to
any distance without injury.
1t will be remembered that we have no
work in the Southwest similar 10 this.
and every one who feels pride in any en-
terprise calculated to enhance the social
and character ofour country. should
come forward and assist in this worthy
Pecuniary emolumont constitutes no part
Of the object Of this publication. 1t is not
Intended TO benefit any individual or the
Iyceum in a pecuniary point Of view.
The sole object is to advance knowledge
md diffuse taste for the refined enjoy
nents Of literature and science.
Nothing is now wanting to the accom-.
'Ilshment ofthe wishes of the Lyceum
'ut the patronage Of the community; and
is expected that this patronage viii! be
and cheerfully extended.
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08
PROSPECTUS
FOR THE THIRD VOLUME OF THE
Ia I!,BIIR,ISSl ny AIDWDgA gRIa
}. j. Graves & j. M. Smiley, Editors.


Notwithstanding the unparalleled pres,
sure, which for the last twelve months, has
cramPod and trammclled every depart.
menl OF the Mechanical, agricultural and
Commercial community, the unwearied
and interchangeable energies of American
enterprise, are once more giving evidence
OF higher and tairer prospect before US
mat quIesccnt attribute, which, for time,
seemed to mark and designate our down.
ward procIlyity to careIessness and indiG.
terence, has fortunately awakened from
It's sluggish apathy; and partially disin.
thraIIed from the fatal influence of a TOO
blind credulity in the infallibiity Of
those whom we have elevated above us,
may we not still indulge the hope, tina.
there Is yet held in reserve, happy re.
suit in the experiment OF this last and
once purest Of Republics?
lnSllgated, in part, by that grand revol.
luton which has already commenced, and
which is still going on in the opinion Of
the people, SO far as respects the political
relations existing between the respective
States and the Federal Government. the
present Proprietor is about to embark in
the publication of the Liberty Advocate.
Two years ago, this journal dated its
origin, at period when, in this County,
II had many difficulties to encounter, and
Inc strongest opposition to contend with.
Inc enduring, and, as we conceive, ortho
COX principles, which have nurtured and
sustained the journal through ''good and
t.hroug b evil report" had then in their in.
fancy, but a mere minority which sustained
It, but, the resistess march of human
reason, before whose advance all obsta-
cies must ultimately recede, has brought
a bout brighter and larer dawn; and
the pnIanthropist and the patriot can
now look in prospective upon the re-
VISIT OF those purer days, which once
pointed to the destiny of our much be-
loved country.
Tho political creed ofthe Advocate will
be the same which it has heretofore ad
vocated' STATE Rights and State SopsT-
',gnty will be the artcrial action which
shall give life and animation to its politi
cal character--But, while exercising TO-
1acliy for those principles which viii new
'r yield to caprice, the columns ofthisj jour.
laI will, at all times, be open to liberal
lscusson, and offered as ready channel
the tide Of passing events, and an ac-
cptable organ of general science and use
III knowledge.
We cordially invite the patronage orall
roso who concur with us in sentiment, as
'el as the magnanimity Of those who dis
,nt from us in politics, to cooperate in sus-
aiming the press. The Advocate viii IN
iturc appear, under the Editorial supcryi
ion of I.J. GRAVES u ]. NJ. SMILEY, Esqrs,
nd published on the same terms Of the for
Ter numbers, by
A. w. FORSYTHE.
January 6, 1893.
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08
CIRCUIT COURT.

This court has original jurisdiction in
clVil cases, in which the sum in controyer-
sy exceeds $50. For each of the Z cir
cults, Judge and attorney are elected
quadrenniaIIy, from Nov. 1888.
Isl judicial District, composed Of the
counties Of Adams, Claiborne, Jefferson,
Warren and Washingron--George Coal.
ter, Judge. John D. Freeman, District
Attorney.
Cd judicial District, composed of the
counties of fazoo, Holmes, Carroll, YaIo.
busha, Choctaw and Talahatchie--D. O.
Shat'uck, Judge. B. f. Caruthcrs, Dis
irict Attorney.
Sd Judiciai District, composed of the
counties OF Wilkinson, Annie, Franklin,
Pike, Marion, Lawrence and Hancock
James Walker, Judge, c. G, Cage, Dis.
trlct Attorney.
nh Ju3icidl District, composed Of the
counties Of Copiah, Simpson, Coyington,
Smith, Scott and Observation-Disclosures Har-
ris, Judge. L, q. Peyton, District Attor-
ney.
N'' 'HNtL'H' i(tS'! 10Y CpHiDDStu Oh Inc
counties of Jackson, Green, Perry, Wayne,
Jones, Jasper, Clarke and Lauderdaie- c
Thomas S. Sterling, Judge. John Watts,
District Attorney,
9Th Judicial District. composed Of the s
counties of I,owades, Kcmper, Winston /
and Octbbeha--, Judge. Henry S.
Bennett, District Attorney I
M Jndjcial District, composed of the ST
counties of Attaa, Leakc, Rankin, Madi-
son and Hinds--C. H. Clifton, Judge 5
John ii. Rollins, District Attorney. c
8M JuIicial District, composed of the
counties Of Coahoma, Bolivar, Marshall,
Lafayette, Ponola, De Soto and Tunica-- f
Frederick w. Haling, Judge. S. L, lsaacs, p
District Attorney, {
9Th judicial District, composed Of the a
counties Of Monroe, ChickaSaw, Pontotoc, p
Tippah, Tishemingo, and Itawamba--Ste- 4
phen Adams, Judge. Reuben Davis, Dis i
trlct Attorney.
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08

The SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL is print
ed on two sheets, making l6 pages TO each
number; the postage on which, for one
hundred miles, or less, is ttco centS--over
one hundred miles three cents. By de-
cision of the Postmaster General, the coper
is viewed as wrapper and subject to no
postage.
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08
PROSPECTUS

FOR THE
SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL.
A MAGAZINE or
SCIENCE, LITERATURE g. MISCELLANY.
Published Scmi.Monthly,
By the Jefferson College and Washington Lyceum.
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08
GOVERNMENT OF MISSISSIPPI.

A. G. MoNurT, Govcrnortill 1910.
BARRY w. Benson, Secretary Of State
A. b. SAUNDERS, Auditor of Pub. Acc'ts
JAMES PHILLIPS, State Treasurer.
L. +. Collins, Attorney General.
JUDICIARY.
Judges IF The High Court of Errors and
1Ppedts.-Wm. L. Sharkey, Daniel w.
Wright, and P. Rutulius r. Pray. Clerk
Robert A. Patrick.
The high court OF errors and appeals
has no jurisdiction, except what properly
belongs 10 court of errors and appeals ;
its sessions are holden on the first Mon
day ofDeccmber and January, al Jackson;
being virtually but one session per an.
mum.
Chancellor Of The Statc--Edward Tur.
ner. Clerk--R l.. Dixon.
The superior court Of chancery has iu-
rlsdlction over all matters, pleas and COM
plants whatsoever, belonging to, or cog
nizablc in court Of equity: it holds two
sessions annually.
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08

All communications in reference to the
periodical should be addressed, post paid,
to Professor ]. A. VAN HoEssRN, the Sec
rotary Of the Lyceum, Natchez, Mississip-
pi. The subscription price 50 90, in all
cases ~ adraace.
The first number Of this paper is dated
December Is, 1887, and it will be sontin-
ned semi-monthly from that date.
CIV. II. FORBES,
Us. B. THATCHER,
c. G. FORSHEY,
S. C. MERWlN,
J. A. VAN HOESEN.
Executive Committee Of The Jefferson COL
iege and Washington Lyceum.
Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1838-09-08

Table sh9,cing tic times Of meeting of the
Circuit Court in each county oftliS STATE.