Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-10-17

the proceedings of the British Association ncio icoen
Iy at Liverpool An account OF the ana
extent of trade between the United Kingdom and the
limited States of America from the beginning OF the
eighteenth century the present time, VIII De tound 70
be highly interesting.
The most interesting part Of the proceedings in regard
% ourselves is Dr. Lardners discourse steam navi-
saton 10 India and the United States. The Doctor as
sumes that steam navigation would be practicable TO In
dia but not TO this country. His arguments Will be
found in full below Before giving them, II VIII be as well
TO Law bare facts that may account Tor the strong
opposon of Liverpool the plan Of steam navigation
DR. Lardner being closely connected with the interests
Of Liverpool takes, matter OF course, the same
ground that she does.
About half century ago Bristol, in England was. the
chief port for American vessels. The increasing trade
of the west of England and the facilities of ransporta
ton from Liverpool the British capital caused that
pert become of primary Importance and Bristol sunk
into comparative nsignifcance. Since then great
changes have taken place BY Of railroads. &c
the transportation from Bristol London is immed
ate, and from its location. being much both to
ports and TO London desirable, in that point OF
view, than Liverpool
The merchants and others of Bristol, seeing their
advantage have made effort resume at least por
ton of the trade between the countries ancieny
theirs Il is at Bristol the ship is built-to Brs
to will accrue the advantages that may result from the
experiment
The opposition of Liverpool will now be understood
How far Bristol may succeed it is impossible say,
but it is evident that Liverpool fears the result
Ba,r,sa TRADE WITH AMERIcA-Mr G. r Porter,
Vice-presdent of the Statistical Society OF London,
read paper on the growth, progress, ana extent OF
The trade between the United Kingdom and the United
States of America from the beginning OF the eigh.
teenh century to the present time. The writer traced
the origin of the different states from the foundation
of Virginia in 1907, that of Georgia, IN 1888 with
the progress of EACH and the amount OF their COM
merce with the mother country. 1t was not I'LL the
States had secured their independence that cotton De-
came article of export TO this country. Previous
to 1856 cotton raised in gardens IN the United
States Ii was then first cultivated by planters as
crop, and the first exported was in 1887. The paper
exhibited tables Of exports and imports up 70 lIoo
when the Independence of the United States was
fully acknowledged Up to that event the navigation
laws had given to this country monopoly OF the
trade with its colonies and 1t is worthy OF remark,
that long this connexon continued the increase
of commercial intercourse bore proportion with the
increase of population Between I49 ana IVA there
was deficiency in this respect OF 81 per cent From
1890 10 1910 the increase OF commerce was greater
than that of the population by AZ per cent In lSl0
there was a virtual decrease Of % per cent owing 10
the operation OF the orders in Council. In 1881, the
date of the last census, the population OF the United
States 1885, 65 and the Official vaae OF the trade
with this country ZIG 1872 639 The increase as CON-
pared with 1890, was 227 per cent on the population,
and 252 per cent the amount OF trade But for war;
and what is scarcely less destructive to national pros
perty commercial jealousy, the dealings between the
two countries would have been much more extensive
than they are. In 1891 the whole export OF the cot
ton from the United States was under 2OOoOO lbs
whilst the average Importation during the last ten
wears exceeded annually 225 100000 lbs. valued at
CT 500 600 per annum and 1886, 2S9 l5 692 lbs.
which, at the averagep Of the year, probably pro-
tuced more than El0, 100000 sterling. Under the
restrictive SYSTEM the trade OF thus country with the
lat al Statao at hav
significance but for the adoption OF, and the great en-
comagement afforded to the cultivation OF cotton,
whilst on the other hand II may be fairly doubted
whether but for this resource IN the fertile valleys OF
the Mississippi the cotton manufactures could ever
have ranked amongst the staple productions OF Eng
land A table Of the relative proportion OF British,
American, and foreign vessels entering the ports OF
America in the years between 1921 and 1885, both IN
casive did not in any way justify the apprehension OF
some persons that the relaxation of the navigation
laws introduced by the late MIR. Huskisson, would
prove runous the shipping interest OF this country
In 1921 the proportion Of British TO American vessels
entering the ports of the United States, was III per
ceat; 1885, 1852 per cent the mean for the sixteen
years being 1907 per cent. From table exhoitns
the entire foreign trade of the two countries II would
appear that the between the two is OF more
importance TO the United States than to Great Britain
inasmuch as the trade to the United Kingdom bea
larger proportion TO the whole trade OF me on'eu
States, than our trade 10 the United States bears 10
our whole foreign trade On the other hand however
this densely peopled country IS necessarily more de-
pendent upon its trade than America and would suffer
more from the loss of the smaller proportonate amount
amount Of its commerce than the loss OF the un.ed
States would suffer from the loss OF the much larger
ofits trade which depends upon England. The table
referred 10 contains returns OF the proportion oil the
whole trade Of each country TO that with each other
from 1921 to 1885 In the former year the proportion
of the trade with England to the whole foreign trade
of the United States 1896 per cent; IN 1885,
176 per cent whilst the proportion of the lade with
America to the whole foreign trade was 1876 IN 1921
and % 81 per cent in 1885, The proportion of the
trade with the United States TO the whole export trade
was in 1906 2S9l per cents in ls06, 303l per cent;
IN 1907 81 so per cent; and in 1886, % Is per cent
The shipments of British produce in 1886 amounted,
according to the declared value TO E53, 1863 57l per
cent OF which America took fl2 5,605 or % rs per
cent. The total shipments Of 1875 amounted TO
5f47372270, of which America tsok El0, Sos, 455 or
22.30 per cent Without admitting or denying that
this statement gave evdenceof overrading the writer
called attention 10 the circumstances OF the two peo-
pie their mutual wishes and wants, TO the clrcum-
stance Of this country being the cheapest market for
goods whilst il was the best TO the raw produce Of
America and in conclusion asked whether If the trade
between the two countries were put upon proper
footing that amount Of traffic ought TO be considered
excessive which gave annually to every citizen OF the
United States articles of British growth and manufac-
ture to the value Of only les. 3-4d:
general desire was expressed that TINS paper