Liberty advocate. [volume] (Liberty, Miss.) 1835-1866, 1837-03-21

~
ri NuLLIFIcATIoN.--ln previous humble
It we have demonstrated the sovereignty, ind
7 pendence q separate existence fthe state
!. Indeed, the position is soclearly deducibl
h from the whole history Of the thirteen co
# onies; SO markedly developed in ever
written compact into which they have er
tered; and so ably and eloquently sustain
ed by the proud Republican spirits tina
lhave adorned our conntry's annals, that
j would seem entirely superfuous tQpfe
ANY argument upon the subject. But tn
high and extraordinary functionary VIII
has Illuminated his thunders against tn,
, position, and furiously denounced its ad
i vocates as disorganizers and rebellion.
disunionists; demanded, on the contrary
that we should bestow on it passing no
tlce. In this number, we shall present
our readers with an extract from the
same address that we have heretofore made
extracts from:
LET us now turn our attention 10 the
| peculiar kind Of government organized
by the Federal Constitution. Govern
ments are thrown into two great divisions.
Free and Despite. Free governments
are those in which the people are recog-
nlzed as The source of all power, the ere.
ators OF the government, and the govern
ment the agent, and where the govern.
ment is limited both in theory and prac-
lice. DeSpotic governments are those in
which the people are regarded as subjects.
the government as sovereign, and where
the government is unlimited both in The.
DRY and practice, or limited in theory bat
unlimited in practice. 1t matters not
whether the government be designated as
democratic or republican, if it be limited
IN theory but unlimited in practice, il is n
despotic government, and cannot be other |
wise. free government is the kind our
ioretathers wisely thought they had es-
tabllshed for this infant republic. In the
caption of the present Constitution. we
ind a specification Of the objects of this
cconiederacy' "We, the people of the q. /
3, IN order TO form more perfect union
establish justice, ensure domestic tran.
lulllty, promote the general welfare. pro
vide Tor the common defence, and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves and
our Posterlty, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States Of Amer.
lea" To provide for these objects. thew
a. general government. This
general government they divided into
three distinct, coordinate and independent
departments, viz: the Executive. Lecis-
latlve and Judicial. To each of these de-
partmentsthey assigned distinct and res.
pective orbs in which to revolye. To the
Executive was assigned the erscutioa of
the laws, to thG4@gislative, the enactment
81 laws, and to the Judicial, the power of
1d1udgtag upon any case that should arise
under the laws, DC. The powers confided
o these respective departments. had in
view the objects defined in the canton Of
he Constitution. But those objects in
which all the States felt a mutual and GEN
,ral interest, being few and limited. while
he local and domestic concerns of eacb
state were very numerous and complex.
hereiore improper to be confded TO n
uprene national government with exclu-
I'VE jurisdiction over such an extensive
ract OF country, the States, for that rea-
son, resolved to delegate to a general gov
'rnment only, SO many powers as were
necessary etlectually to provide for those
general objects, and at the same time re-
serve to themselves the "residuarv mass
d right" to their own separate govern.
neats, Tor the purpose of providing for
.heir local and peculiar concerns. This
general government being invested with
the management Of our relations with
foreign nations, The sister States. and tho
ndian tribes, has been designated the for.
,tgm governments. There ist6is4mporiant
distinction, as regards the exteraAf the
powers betweelr the Federal and State
IAktthe Federal govern.
nent can only exercise those owegstahat
nave been specifically delegated y 4. h
whlle while the State governments ran
exercise ''9 an powers which are not ,specifi- /,
ANY retained, with some few exceptions. (,
%hich It Is unnecessary to mention In :
ms compound system, we are struck with /
admiration at the wisdom displayed II IL ]
structure. Beauty and solidity are nicely J
Siended, and the conflicting interests e !,
Inherent sections Of this widely extended !,
;oniederacy, are restored TO their own !,
' { llaf II agencies. 1t re- II
luil s. ooIhthe tcqeral'and State govern !,
l nenis TO constltutea complete COVE rnment )
hey are both parts Of a-siinPle whole. IL I
ne same manpel that The three depart. !
nents q . eSSetnmefft are parts Of one !
nipple wholes~aA most striking analogy .
: ms, that the State governments bear "a =
ne same relation to the Federal govern y
nent that the different denartn,ao,a ~ . .