Litchfield enquirer., 1837-05-11
FARMERS WORK.

u IS an injury to pastures to turn m cat- tie too early in the spring; and most hurt ful to those lots in which the grass springs earliest, as in those which are low and wet, in which the grass comes forward soonest. The feet of the cattle early in spring des- troy the young grass. and cut up the sward in such manner as to produce a great amount ofinjury, without any benefit to the cattle; as the food they can obtain from the grass just sprouting, serves scarcely any other purpose than to cause them to SCOUT. The grass in pastures should be so far grown before cattle are admitted, that they can till themselves without rambling over the whole ground. The goth of May is quite early enough in common seasons to turn cattle into almost any of our New Eng land pastures. Out of some, they should be kept still la:er. The driest pastures should be used first, though in them the grass is shortest, that the breaking of the sward by the cattle's feet may not take place to any great extent.
 It is recommended not to turn all sorts of cattle into pastures at once. Milch COWS, working oxen and fatting beasts should be indulged with the first feeding of pasture afterwards sheep and horses may take their turn. When lot is thus fed off, it should be shut up, and the dung which has been dropped should be beaten to pieces, and we'll scattered. Afterwards, second lot may be opened and treated in the same manner, and so on iE rotation, from one inclosure to another, giving each inclosure some time to recruit, taking cal e., ,as far as possible, to feed the driest pastures lSSt, so that the sward may be the less in- ed by the treading of the cattle.
 Something considerable is saved by let different sorts of grazing animals take Cir turn in a pasture. By this means, nearly all the herbage will be eaten much of which would otherwise be lost. Horses will eat the leavings ofhorned cattle and sheep will eat some things which both the others leave.
 So different is the appetite of different animals, that there is scarcely any plant which is not eaten by some, and rejected by others. The following are said to be facts, which have been ascertained in Hol- land. When eight COWS have been in a pasture, and can no longer obtain nourish- ment, two horses will do very well there for some days, and when nothing is left for the horses, four sheep will live upon it.; this not only proceeds from their differing in the choice of plants, but from the for mnation of their mouths, which are not equally adapted to lay hold of the grass.
 Although small pastures are recommen- ded for pasturing neat cattle and horses, yet MT. Loudon observes that " Large inclo- sures are in general best adapted for sheep. These animals are not only impatient of heat, but liable to be much injured by flies, in small pastures often surrounded by trees and high hedges, but they are naturally, with the exception perhaps of tho Leices- ter variety, much more restless and easily disturbed, than any other species of live stock. 'Shcep,' says Lord kaimes, love wider range, and ought to have it, be- cause they delight in short grass give them eighty or ninety acres, and any fence will keep them in confine them to field of seven or eight acres, and it must be a very strong fence that keeps them in.'- Though fields so large as 80 or 90 acres can be advisable only in lilly districts, yet the rule is nevertheless consiste mt with ex- perience." ."-Nev. England Farmer.
 GEOLOGY.
 There is nothing which promises greater advantage to the people of this country, than the results of the various geological surveys, now making in many of inc States. If this science be properly cultivated, our internal resources will be multiplied, and as these increase, our national strength will be advanced. The study of Geology will unfold treasures, which our good forefath- CTS never dreamed of finding. It is sci- ence of SO recent date, that it would be too much to expect from number of our sub scribers, were we to suppose them &C., quainled with its nature and uses. There fore we will, as briefly as possible, enumer- ate the facts on which it is grounded.
 It is self-evidcnt that the exterior surface of the earth has undergone many changes; i; these have been effected, by either fire or water. in some instances both. This has led scientific men to suppose that the inte- rior of the earth contains either water or fire in liquid state, but the evidences in favor of each, are SO equally poised, that in the present imperfect state of the science, it is impossible to determine the question. The advocates of fire are called Plutonians, of water, Neptunians. There have been other theories than these advanced, but they are too whimsical to be defended.
 Whichever of these theories be correct, it is admitted by all philosophers, that the surface of the earth is nothing more than a crust or shell composed of many layers or strata. These strata are divided into six classes, and those arc subdivided into twen- ty-one orders.