davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1837-04-04
For the Watchman and Journal.
MIR. ITHAMAR SMITH OF WATT
MINT ID

MIR. ITHA MAR SMITH OF WAITS
FIELD.
EAR SIR,- Without any personal acquain-
C VITA you, feel myself constr trained on
present occasion, IN this public manner, 10
Tess you oil the subject OF slavery. In the
lehman Of the 18th ult. find an article,
portlng TO have been written by YOU, in
IN arc contained several observations, con-
ing communication of mine on the sub
of slavery aud abolitionism. You, sir,
seen fit 10 make your appearance before
public over your proper signature. Per-
you have jud sed properly in so doing
be 1t from me to complain Of it. But my
ible name is too insignificant TO be sought
by the public ! and it certainly would be
sance in me to obtrudo my self in such q
lner before the public eye.
Vhcn first read your communication, |
some doubts respecting the propliety OF
mpting Icply. Such was the nature oil
avocations, that il was totally impossible
me 10 reply to your remarks till the pres
time and now, in so doing, can assure
that am acluated not by one particle OF
lad feeling or dsrespect. shall not even
attempt to follow you in all your argu-
Is and positions, but shall content myself
glanclng at some of the most prominent.
GU seem to suppose that | have not yet
ned the distinction between SLAYER, and
enteeshIp or voluntary servitudc, aud that
n OF my erroneous opinions respecting
eda5e and unconditional emancipation
be attributed TO this source. We win if
please, sir, now turn your attention to
part 0 { our subject, and in the first Mace.
lire, JVhat is slavery? We shall fnf, on
|ninatson, that the hest authorities are not
ny agreed on a definition.
ackstcne says that "pure and proper
ery de es not, nay cannot, subsist in Eng
SUI h mcan, 'ohereby an absolute and
nits& po,Der Is giren 10 Ne master ouer The
Fnd i riune Of the Staue" Slaves are said,
Ustu ian, TO he acquired in three modes
Gu At jure geatipm,' slavery may arise
as tate Of captivity in warj ID jure cipi-
II nay begin 0ken one man 5eiS himSeJtc
Ff.r, and Sd, "serui na5cunttr," the chi.
/ acquired slaves are slaves also. |
on !. 423, 424. Vid. Jus. last. /, 3. 4. CT
lacks.
he | .ousana code, AT. s, sNvs that ga
is me who is in the power OF master
hom he belongs. The master may sci
disF Csc OF HE person, his industry, his
(; b can do nothing, possess nothing
cqu ire any thing but which must belong
nj siei,"
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1837-04-04

There is great and equal force and truth
in the following oh.hnhd article from the New
York Evening Starr
"The Daily Express, which we always o.
pen with pleasure for itsvariety of intelligence,
in abiding TO the specie circular, says, "usurl
is devouring The country" This is a melan-
choly truth, and it is impossible that the coun-
try can sustain it much longer. When we
hear, as we have heard, of one mercantile
house paying $50, 900 usury for the last year.
that is, $4,000 over and above the legal in
tercst-it does seem impossible to sustain that
house under such burdens. If sueh usurious
rates cannot be paid without an ultimate bank.
ruptcy, why pay them7 Why not stop at
once, if three and four per cent. month is re-
quired to sustain housel Tho usury comes
out Of the pockets Of the creditors; it i, their
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1837-04-04
MAPLE SUGAR,

Every sugar boiler knows how to make ma.
pie sugar, but every ons does not know how
10 make good maple sugar. The material Of
foreign sugar is the same the difference in
quality and price, results in the processes by
which it is manufactured and refined The
art OF making good sugar consists in freeing
1t from all impurities which may affect its fla
vor or appearance. With the same care, the
juice CT the maple will make as good sugar,
and as white, as the juice of the cane. Every
family who makes maple sugar, may add one
third to its market value, by the simple pro-
cess we are about 10 detail, and which it will
cost them but trifle TO adopt 1t is the pro-
cess by which Havana sugars are brought to
the purity and wilderness which we see them
in our market. We take it from Chaptal,
who manufactured sugar extensively from the
beet, and who here describes the process he
successfully pursued.
We will first give the processes of purifying
the juice and the syrup. The juice (of the
beet, is first heated TO temperature of one
hundred and eighty degrees, thirty-two de-
grees below the boiling point, when some
milk Of lime, prepared by throwing some
warm water on TO lime, is thrown in, and the
liquor well stirred. AS soon as the fret bub-
BILE makes its appearance, the fire is exlin-
guished, and the liquor left at rest. A scum
rises, thickens, dries and hardens. The liquor
becomes clear. The lime unites with the mu-
cilage and settles 10 the bottom. The scum
is removed, and the clear liquor drawn off,
The process requires an hour. and sometimes
much more. The syrup is afterwards refined
by animal charcoal and the whites of eggs, &
filtered through coarse, thick, rough CLOTH
Moulds OF tin or other material are prepared,
Of any size, of a conical shape, like the form
OF sugar loaf, with stopper in the small or
lower end. When sufficiently reduced, the
syrup is turned into them as soon as granu.
latIon has begun on the surface and sides, the
crust is broken with spatula, and the whole
stirred well after which it is left alone. AZ
ter this, the process of whitening or claying is
thus managed the clay is first thoroughly
washed, till it acquires snch degree Of con-
sistency as not to flow when placed OIL
smooth and slightly inclined board. II is then
thrown on to the sugar in the moulds. The
moisture peuelrates the loaves, deprives the
sugar Of its color, and passes out at the point
of tho mould, which should now be unstopped.
The clay, deprived of its water, shrnks and
dries, aud is removed. A second, and some
times third application OF clay lie made, be-
fore the sugar attains its desired whileness.-
Yankee Farmer.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1837-04-04

money thus sacrfced. As TO the repeal Of
the specie circular, we cannot see how 1t is 10
be longer postponed. Congress, the supreme
power Of the country, ordered its repeal by an
immense vote The despot, in his fight from
Washington, carried the bill with him, know.
ing full we'll that il he returned it to Congress
with his veto, itwould have become a law,
and until his copartners in land speculations
have sold out, 1t was his determination TO keep
up pressure in the money market and we
can tell the slaves and the parasites of Andrew
Jackson, that with all his irightful and unmer-
tied popularity, he could not have remained in
office year longer Without the storm bursting
over his head, and even his radical friends dri-
wing him Indignantly from power. Afiahs are
rapidly coming to crisis the rich will be
made poor, and the poor become beggars, if
the government Is not in;erdlcted from interfe-
ring in the money concerns OF the country.
Stocks have iallen-Exchang distinguishing
thing exhorbitant, and money
scarce. Three or four per cent. month is
paid for loans by The people, while fifty mill
ions of their money are loaned TO deposite
Banks at TWO per cent. per arnnm, to swell
the dividends of rich Directors. Can these
things last2 Ought these things 10 last?
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1837-04-04

COmmere, &. Navigation ofthe United States.
The Statements OF the Commerce and Naviga-
tor of the U. s., annually prepared al the
Treasury department, have just been compile
ted for the year ending the 30th Of September,
1886. The following is a summary of the
whole, reported to the Secretary by the Regis
ter Of the Treasury -
The Imports during the year ending on the
30th September, 1886, have amounted to $3.50,
990,035; Of which there was imported in A.
merican vessels Sl71, Csc, 442, and in foreign
vessels SIS, 1913, 593 The exports during the
year ending IN the 3Oth September, 1886, have
amounted to Sl2S, 1858, 040; of which $780,
9l6,6SO wereof domestic, and sci TAG, 800 Of
foreign articles. OF the domestic articles $780,
S45, 443 were exported in American vessels,
and S26,07l,237 in foioign vessels. OF for
eign articles, SIG ,2S2, 366 were exported in A
merlcan vessels, and 50, 463,9 in foreign
vessels.
1,255,38 ions Of American shipping enter.
ed, and 1,il5, 523 cleared, from the ports OF
the U. s. 6902i3 tons of foreign shipping
entered, ard 4,72l cleared, during the same
period.
have so the honor 10 state that the regis
tered tonnage, as collected at this Office, Tor
the year ending on the 30th September 1886,
amounted 10 S97, 774
The enrolled and licensed tonnage
amounted to S72, 1923
And the fishing vessels to III, 304
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1837-04-04
Tons l,sSl,101

or the registered tonnage, amounting,
as before stated, 10 s97
There was employed in the whale
fishery, IA
The total tonnage, of shipping built
in the U. S. during the year end.
ing 3Oth Sept. 1886, amounted TO:
Registered vessels az
Enrolled do 6e
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1837-04-04

Tons 1882
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

Besides, we have understood that il ls
the intention of the railroad companytto
carry the road to Defiance for final
termination, after touching at some point
on the navigable waters of the river. If
this should be the case, the expense incl
dent to carrying the railroad TO Manhat-
tan, over the other route, would be very
great, involving the cost Of, at least l2
miles of road, and the heavy charge Of
building several long viaducts across the
streams between Perrysburg and that's
place. Not only so, but the surface of
the ground at the top Of the bank oppo-
site Manhattan being several feet Owen
ty at leasD lower than at Perrysbnrg,
low level would be created by building
the road TO the former place, from which
cars would be obliged to surmount
heavy ascent, 60 in what direction they
would. The towns at the foot Of the
rapids would always have it in their
power to draw off a large portion, if not
all of the business of the western part of
the railroad in case it should be carried
to Manhattan, by building a branch road
from Perrysburg TO Lower Sandusky,
and shortening by that means the dis
tance, by several miles. These things
should be taken into consideration by the
stockholders in that impol tant work.
They are not engaged in an enterprise
to which the reward is merely momen-
tary profit. They have adopted work
from whose successful and proper COM
pletion great and permanent wealth is
to be realized, honor and fame acquired,
and immense benefit conferred upon the
whole country. Let not then the paltry
offers of few acres more or1ess infu-
ence their better judgments, and warp
their understandings in this all important
matter. A proper choice will effect the
present value of their property, and its
permanent worth-an improper one will
raise up lasting monument to their
shame and folly.
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

master of each district makes regular
progress from village to Village, from
farm house to farm house. having, at
times, to 60 a distance Of SO 1piles at a
stretch, and this in the midst Il a rigor-
Gus winter, through frost and show, the
peasantry being too much occupied du-
ring their short spring, summer and au-
tumn, (Which seasons, taken altogether,
scarcely exceed four months Of the
year,) to be able to devote any time to
indoor application.
The schoolmaster receives his food
ndlodging from the principal farmers
of the district, and all the inhabitants
who cannot read are obliged by law to
go to him for instruction the master re-
ceives trihing fee-some two or three
stivers, from each popiI and his whole
Income, putting aside his meat and lodg-
i6g, which he gets gratis during his
jdhrneys, rarely exceed 80 or $40 the
Year. They are welcome wherever they
%, and seem generally to lead conten-
ted life. In some Of the remote districts,
they not only carry the light of education
but all the news current in those thinly
peopled and tranquil regions; their arri-
val alta farm Or village is looked upon
as an event, and held as holiday.
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03
OPERATION OF THE EXPERIMENT. I'M
x.-e WI. .,.--eA Ill Al e

OPERATION OF THE EXPERIMENT. IN
OHIo.-We meet with the following in
an Ohio paper. 1t is very certain that
the policy of the Administration is en-
tirely Incompatible with the best inter-
ests Of the West; and that its effects up
on the interests of Ohio, particularly, are
hardly less injurious than upon other por-
tions Of the country. We allude more
particularly now.to the great system, Of
internal improvement in which this State
is engaged, and which has been ia some
measure paralyzed by the universal, de,
struction Of credit that has followed tie
working of Gen. Jackson's Experiment.
We have observed that the inpossibiIity
Of procuring funds for the prosecution,of
works Of internal improvement, has
measurably suspended The operation OF
private companies in other parts of the
State than those spoken in the following
article:
HocKING VALLEY CANAL.-An order
has been issuedbythe canal fund comr,ia.
sioners TO the board Of publicsworks, to
suspendfuriher operation upontbis work:
asIalsothe Walhonding canaI,the Warren
county Canal, and the improvements Of
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

Muskingum river at GAINESVILLE. This
measure was rendered necessary bg| the
extreme pressure in the money ma bet,
and the impossibiity Of procuring fYnds
to prosecute the work of the State. we
are gratified, however, to be able 10 State
that the order, so far as the Hooking
Valley canal is concerned. will il all
probability be revoked the Lancaster
Ohio Bank having come forward andIof-
fered a loan of fifty thousand dollars 10
the State for the work. This course On
the part Of the Bank, under present CD
icumstances,i is worthy of all appreciation,
and will tend to establish that institution
more firmly in the confidence. of the conf
munity. We have no doubt the Sta;e
will accept the loan, and that this work,
so highly important to the region ofco
try in which it is situated, will be vigor-
ously prosecuted to an early completion.
Ohio Eagle.
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

ScHooLMAsTERs In NoRwAy.-Though
living in very, small communities, far a.
part from each other, scattered over a
wild, mountainous country, but by long
flors Of arms Of the sea and unintersect-
ed BY deep rivers. and stormy lakes, the
poor Norwegians contrive to secure ve-
rygenerally the advantages Of education
and religious instruction. Both. of these,
indeed. are provided for by the whole,
some laws Of the country. The school
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

RAvENNA--A REMARKABLE FACT
This town in Ohio, stands on a fixed and
moderately elevated track, directly on
the dividing line between the waters
which run into the Ohio and those which
run into Lake Erie. The old court house
was so situated that the rain which fell
on the north side ofthe roof, passed in
to the Cuyahoga, and was discharged in
to the st. Lawrence; while that which
falls on the south side passes into the
Mahoning, and is finally poured into the
Gulf of Mexico, so that this house in a
rainy day, is fountain of waters for two
opposite hemispheres ofthe globe. Her
Nh. Itf st-
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

THE CANAL.-The sections of the
Wabash and Eric canal between Mau-
NEE city and Providence. have al been
let, and the work is already commenced.
The contractors, with busy faces, and
active step, are every where seen making
provision for the swarms of laborers,
who may soon be expected. The an
cient trees of the forest are laying their
hoary heads in the dust, before the axe
of the pioneer, who is busy in preparing
the way for the spade Of the cxcavator.
The first spade-full of earth has already
been thrown from the line of the canal,
and the greatest, the most honorable pub
lie work of the great West, has already
begun, and will soon be in the full tide
of operation. We may now look for
ward with certainty to the time when
our long anticipations are to be realized.
At no distant day, will that immense
line of communication, commencing at
the city Of New York, and extending to
the waters of the Mississippi be com
pleted.. And what will be the effect O.
A new empire WILDE opened to the gaze
Of the adtniring world. A new era will
commence in agriculture, in the occu-
pancy of a, soil of untold fertility, by-a
free, aafehlightened, and happy people.
Commerce will learn new lesson in
this vast field Of national intercommuni-
cation. The arts and sciences will
fourishin the hands of a people possess
ed of the mental and physical means to
carry them to the highest summit of per-
lection. And fever prospect has been
held up to any people, of the realization
of the visions of a golden age, tits TO the
people of the west, at this moment. A
pressure Of the times4nay, in a general
distress, efectus temporarily, but per-
naaent-efect il can never have in
country SO blessed with natural advan-
tages. Overtrading and speculation may
for time cripple the wings and retard--
The movements of the trading portion of
The community, but the immense agricul-
.ural strength which this section of the
country is destined eventually to pos
sess, will efectually buoy it up above
my calamity,and be the grand regulator,
which will guide the movements and se-
cure the success of well directed senter~a
prize. The highest encomium that can
De pronounced upon any land is, that il
$ capable Of producing every thing ne
;essary for the sustenance and comfort
If its inhabitants, and if that can be tru.
y said Of any portion of the world, it
IAN be said Of this. Such country
reeds only to.be in the possession of an
intelligent and enterprising population,
md such, we trust, are the people who
loand who will inhabit this truly delight-
ul and promising valley.
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

I The Flying Dutchman has become
tired of his old cruising ground off the
Cape of Storms, and is now often seen
on Lake Erie. How he managed to get
up over the Falls Of Niagara is involved
in mystery. ltmust have been an up
hill business even for his phantom ship,
but he probably took the sprecaution Of
engaging Gen. Armstrong as pilot.
When first seen, some four weeks ago,
off Erie, he was standing down the Lake
with all sails set, and making a handsome
furrow through the ice as patent plough
would on the Mohawk valley. Of late he
seemed to show partiality for the neigh
borhood of Van Buren,. The Times of
that place. says he disappeared on Sun
day evening last, in stiff northeaster,
but has since been seen. near his former
haunts. We hope some Of our shippers
will ere long board him, and relieve his
troubled conscience. by,transmitting his
dispatches to the owners at Amsterdam.
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

RETURNING REAsoN.-The following
is from leading eastern administration
paper-the Ne,o Hauem Register. 1t
shows how heartily sick some of the
friends of the administration have be-
come of the working of the expert
ment," and speaks the language of re-
turning reason and good sense. 1t ac-
sknowledges that the vain attempt Of
Gen. Jackson and Mr.. fancy to regu-
late the currency and exchanges through
the agency of Whitney and the local
banks, has thrown "the currency of the
country into confusion" and that their
measures connected with this subject
"operate hard upon the wcrhing classes
ofthe communityR "The Experiment"
says this administration editor, "has been
sufficiently tried, and is now an ac-
knowzedged tailure."-O. S. Jour.
"Things are discouraging enough for
the present; the currency of the coun-
try is in confusion; we have no general
currency for the whole country, and that
is great evil in all the business opera
tions at this time; it operates hard upon
The working classes Of the community.
If a man has money due to him in New
Orleans, Mobile, or any remote part Of
the Union, or even as far as Utica, he
must sacrifice large part of his years
business to avail himself of it. We
cannot go and bring specie without
a ruinous expense, and the bills of
their banks are truly rags herc--subjcct
to s, 10, or Is per cent. discount. II he
wishes to travel from one part of the
country to another, he cannot fill his
pockets with specie; it would neither be
safe nor convenient; and if he takes the
bills of our own local banks, by the time
he puts up for the night, he has got tel
submit to a shave on the money in bis
pocket; he has to repeat that operation
daily, las he travels3 to the end of his
has to go over
the same process. There is no mistake
about tive must have some general
currency for the whole country; and il
must be paper currency founded on a
specie basis; we must iiavo currency
which will be just as good at New Or
cans, St. Louis, or Buffalo, as it is at
New Haven and Hartford; and pass as
reely from hand TO hand without dis
count. State institutions can never fur
lish such currency-the experiment has
'een sufficiently tried. and it is now an
acknowledged failure. There is no hope
rom that source. Nothing short of a
rational institution,with powerful restric-
ions, can accomplishit; that can't has
lone it, and it can again."
Maumee express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1837-1838, 1837-06-03

TOT IIIs sus16lIdHce, ana 1OTeVer branded
with the name Of Catfish Smith-a name
which has followed him through all the
scenes of his variegated life, and which
would have been entailed on his posteri-
ty, had it not been that he was not so un-
fortunate as to possess any.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1837-07-13
Eashionrhie GooeIs.

HNRoM rseeEt additions, uly stock Of Fan
II ey Goods 10 now very large And elegant
The following desirable articles may be
found among thessf
super black, and blue black and fancy color.
cd Silks,
SpIendid striped and figured French Muslins
do. PARA Painted Lawns,
Black aud eolored Challeys,
Barred and striped undrssssd Ginshams,
French. British and domestic Priuts, (IatesI
style.)
Figured and plain Book. JaeOpei and swis,
MuSlins,
Plaid and striped lAcensi cambrics,
Plain and ngured Thuello illuision & Soufis
Black and white Star Nett,
Bionds aud plain ThuelIs and bobT Footing
Bobinsi aud Cambrle Edgines aud InsertiBgs
Hsndsome thread, lelse, and bObt Edgings,
Blk and white, plain aud smb'd English ADD
spun silk Hose,
Do. 60. do. DO. white Cosior
Hose,
large supply Of Thuslls and Kid Gloves,
Black, blue black sod fancy cold Beltings,
Plaiu, kem-siiched and bordsTed Hdkfa,
Wrench add Tambored Worked Collar,
Cheyelle Cord and Velvet RibbaRds,
Silk, Oh Cloth, sGd Bobinet Aprons.
Blue, uhiis, and pink figured Silks, for Bon
nets,
A splendid stock new style Ribbands,
Also, large supply Of fashionable Bonnsia
&c, together With crest variety Of otheI
articles in bis line, TO ~hich n ould poliiel
invite the attention OF the Ladies
JAMES ). MILLER.
=
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1837-07-13

NHE subseFibor is IN graf vast q his
fnon~ys s'ia Ne it somp-iird 90 rrt- shlr
~ aceouut u bic isie store a PA Hrsssh. ia n
hnped, therefore, that speedy psymeuf uiu 81
nede 81 ail Those uko may dirararf rhfr
bodice, muH rot lhink hard of thu sal,5rrfl.ss n
ticy sh0uld bud ikgir respfziign n.souufe ~ he
hands ~ 81 0fiseF foF caiiesfisa.
J ucuid tlso rruaFk % shsss uho ARE o,yi..
ne either By ucie % book sssouut b. nv -
= tbs pisce, fhsi ny uants srs % preasiae ~
am cqmVtiiso 30 say 90 ali those ihut il,1ir -
ais,snee is eaFnesily frqagsicd, sud lihs ui,h 81
hiue delsy aa possible. ihrrCrora here -
noae aiii refuse q earnpiianss. ~ u egrr 81
sinaii--egcFy dollar uiii helm.
JOHN y. COoKus.