The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-13
VAlaGWUS GiAz9g1EISiaSlo


hABoRTNG CLASSES IN EUROPE rol
wlg interesting article from the NORTH
nheilcah Kevlew, FOR October. oives
gtoWing description of the condition of the
idpoIing classes in Europe, in REGARD to tho
la'e OIL wages, the burden of taxation. the
''Ieehs ol subsistence, the facilities of edu-
oSuoil' ana the share, if any, which these
eiasses nave IN the government. II ouCbt
" INSPIRE every citizen of this free and
nappy republic 10 guard with constant yigi-
tenoe against any encroachments upon the
aiistltu'lons which guarantee TO us the bles-
sings which our brethren beyond the seas
are destitute of.-N T. Eapress.
In NORWAY, the ordinary food of the
Peasantry is bread and cruel, both prepared
Oh oatmeal, with an occasional mixture of
enjoyed. ''''''
In SWEDEN, the dress of the peasantrv
is described by law. Their food consists
oi hard bread, dried fish, and cruel with
out meat.
In DENMARK, the p peasantrv are still held
an bondage, and are bought and sold to-
gether with the land in which thew labor.
In RUSSIA, the bondage of the peasantrv
rs even more complete than it is in Den
mark. The mobiles own all the land in the
empire, and the peasantry who reside m
on 1t are transferred with the estate.
A great majority have only cottages.
'one portion of which is occupied bv the
family, while the other is appropriated to
domestic animals. Few, if any, have beds
but sleep upon bare boards, or upon parts
OF the immense stoves by which the hou-
ses are warmed. Their food consists of
black bread, cabbage, and other vegetables;
without the addition of any butter.
In POLAND, the mobiles are the proprietors
'of the land, and the peasantry are slaves.
A recent traveller says,-''I have travelled
IN every direction, and never saw wheat
en- loaf to the eastward of the Rhine, in anv
part OF Northern Germany, Poland or Den
mark" The common food of the peasant
ry OF Poland, "the working men," is cab
bage and potatoes, sometimes, but not gem
orally, peak black bread and soup, or rath-
er Cruel, without the addition of butter or
meat.
In AUSTRIA, the mobiles are the proprie-
tors of the land and the peasants are COM
PEELED to work for their masters during the
day, except Sunday. The cultivators of
the soil are in state of bondage
In HUNGARY, their state is, if possible,
still worse. The mobiles own the land, do
not work, and pay no taxes. The labor
ing classes are obliged to repair all high
ways and bridges, are liable at all times to
I H. 4s,,artarad r1ea,, thn,,,. os,5 aso
compelled to pay one-tenth of the produce
of their labor to the church, and one-nnth
to the lord whose land they occupy.
Of the people Of FRANCE, seven and a
half millions do not eat wheat or wheaton
bread. They live upon barley, rye, buck
wheat, chesnuts and few potatoes.
The common wages of hard laborer in
France, is $37 so for man, and $1S rs
for woman, annually. The taxes upon
ahem are equal TO one-ffth of its nett pro-
duce.
In l77l, there were 100000 houses in
IRELAND. OF those, lib, 900 were occupi- |
ed by paupers-and more than 100000
had no hearth. The average wages of
laborer is from nine and half to elev-
en- cents day.
Among the laboring classes of the indus
trious ScoTcH, meat, except on Sundays,
is rarely used.
In ENGLAND, the price of labor varies;
the Nottingham stocking weavers, as sta
ted by them in public address, after wor
king frem ID to l6 hours day, only earn
from four to five shillings a week, and were
obliged to subsst on bread and water, or
potatoes and salt.