Iowa news. [volume] (Dubuque, Upper Mississippi Lead Mines, Wisconsin Territory) 1837-1841, 1837-07-08

Yours. &c. EZPAu nor
Borden.own. Nav 90 1877
Directions for Eu;ld;nr
Make surrey OF the route, get level aar,..
as possible; allowing certain high Ground - ss
This level is at the has. a. .;v ;n.s..
above the dwelling or foundation of The rad ,ns
called the base level, Then s,rike ano,h.s .a.
three feet six inches above, and place signals ~
proper distances 10 preserve straiph. and ley.i
line. This line is the guide fol setting the n,s,,
or piling. and by wflich1the same are squared "A
on their Top ends. The posts Or pline are set n.
driyen according 10 the nature of the ground. and
their lengshs determined by the variations of n.
ground. from the last described leve, The most,
Or piling should be of durable wood from "a
sixteen inches diameter. (rounal ,,a -,
about FIVE feet apart in direct line wiz p .su
other. When set as posts thew sbould 10 s. ~.
down ON three TO four feet according 10 Tho h.rs
ness 81 the earth. In soft ground thew should r.
asiven as piling until they reach hard bottom
The posts or piling being thus set in ,,r,;.k.
line, ditch is to be dug along the base If ,hs,"
on bnth sides. of sufficient denth IN civil L. j'
sticks of timber. be;pu ,wo con,;,,., 20 -
badded and c,ose m The noe,e NIL, -: -
b.r locked ocross fro,n o,et In Tho nth.
SING tn tho hase of ,e rosts. he foro
finders kew saa,s or nlacas fo, v,edaas w. 'aiu
drcc,ly ag,;,s, each ma, rho noss a.s ~. oo'
lad o,ros;.a ,bo la.s,,,s % &c " oe ns'-
90 I'he ,mhers f;n,v dbl a =, ,a
the wedges mast ba dr cen nv oh edo
or nilns. Until thew ara narierty ,igh, ava ,,s .
This being do,a. Eli in The earlh 80 as To ts.n ~
horizontal ,imbers and wedges from tho air which
win prevent their ro.ting :-pound in ,hs .,r,h
solid.
Where the ground is low the n;];no If cor,..
becomes elevated: to secure Them cross ,;mh..,
are locked into the horizontal logs. a, tho bo,ou
reaching off far enonph for lateral br ces m .srS
side of the posts or billing. these braces rcachnr
from the ends of the said cross ,mbsrs un to the
base leye,, Or hrse fee, six inches below the ions
ofthe post. When the posts are thus set KEYED ur,
blacei, squared off at the top, and hewed down on
two sides, three and half feet from the top,
leaving at least eight inches solid timber, observe,
81 feet below the top of the post make saw cut,
forming shoulder for the guide rails to rest upon
The posts are now ready to be moused o,
throated for the reception of the main or unpcr m,
which should be about three inches tt;ck by ten
inches wide of hard strong wood: Therefore ,he
tops of the posts should be throated three inchts
wide and seven inches deep, to secure the rail
without cutting any OF i, away, drive il down arm
" TO its place. and pin it there through the tons Of
the posts; it should then be dressed off level. and
SQUARE with the, nernenf}ic,,lsr line of the nos,
Nov for the enias lis below. which should +. r.
hard smooth wood, abou; two and a half inche,
thick by six wide; these should be dressed on one
side. the dressed s:deou,. and fastened on both
Sides of the piiins ,hrea and half feet f,om the
top railing the ends 4. fit shue ,he ca,..o a, ~
posts ike makinp fanca t:.ro should ~ $3.50
that thew re,o; .bs e,,,. 80. ~ '@ nN
outside to outsida ny al, o;,s ~ ,,,a .o.1 ,",
the guide wheels of the lncomo,;yo and cars ,ur
smoothly oYa, ,hs,n. Its not that these
guide rails should be ironed for il ali cages III,
surface Of the guido wheels should be smooth.
wide and nearly fiat on their perjpheries a. thew
only occasionally co,nr l., ,o,,c, r,;,, ~ mia.
rails: and the, a,lg n.;. s,;ssh, taa.am TN
friction or wear viii be hat l,,is =, ,a IN.
rendering it sas to IN, mon ~, n,o st" ., aa'
ted speed ahe ;ro, ~, - ,o =. Inv. =. ,a.;a
(on dffsfen. yoaasl acro,.Iins 70 the ;yb If ,bs
owners. il cos,;,.. 1re ~ isss .ssord;.r ., ~.
weight of the iron. I'm, if iiyh, and him mvs, N.
the width of the railing. three ;nrh.s ,rhe nil
as before observed. n,sl M, o,,r h. ~ hard wood.
but OF even lemnero,,re fres ~ Inn,s =, ,,n'..
Tho iron on the rails must ha ~ the e,,d, be a,.
tened with large wood Screws i, the middle. eoua.
tor sunk nails will do. This il to maven, ,bo
heavy action and pressure Of the wheels from tear.
ing up the ends from the wood. n ~. in, i.
strong it may be Of difaren, shanas ,nI c..,.,ss
to the wood in any convenient manner sIlov;.c
double Hanged wheels to run ,hereon. J,es. az
is necessary in selecting the wood = vo.,r ~ Il
strong. II strong cast IRON should be s,sd n, ia
railing, wood may be dispensed win "A ibs Aid
may be bolted directly on the ton Of Ia nos...
The turnouts are made princinallv - the form
OF gates, which open to other pieces n tract whch
other pieces should curve little o,,t add niae,a
at proper distance from The main ,racE. these
should be of sufficient lenath 10 retain iare6
train of cars, while the onnos;,e 49,. - !. n,.s;ns.
" al. ;1,~, = III
on the main track. These a,,as - ,n,oo,,,a ara
hung with strong hinges. and one, nd shut by !
moving leye, ,,n ~ A., ~. upe" a"' nv.h-
ing the gate in ~ o,,. =. .h' ss ,." s,s ~.