davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1837-1839, 1837-07-08

NEW GOOUS.-W. H. q ,. L. kOULkk,
"AVE just received n and splendid assortment Of
British and French staple and fancy DRY GOODS;
together with . general assortment Of SHOES, HARD
WARE, GROCERIES,, &c. &c, which they deter
mined sell low for cash, exchange for counsy pro-
duce. May 20, 1887.
Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1837-1839, 1837-07-08

another. Now. these same guardians of the dea
PcoPSe's rights, utter lamentations when tn,
, thumb-scrcws Of the government are turne.
suddenly on the same persons, to a much great
er extent
The New York Commercial Advertiser Of tn,
2lst inst. has the following:-
"Just as our paper was going to press we learn
ed that the collector has received orders from the
Treasury Department, to require all goods a,
present deposited in the public stores, be bond
ed, and the duties on all subject to cash duties
! to be paid Immediately.
compelled to pay million forthwith, contrary to
the usages that have hitherto prevailed
The Collector has received orders to ascertain
from manifests, bills Of lading, &C. the owner
ship and amount Of goods in the public store,
which were destroyed by fire a few weeks since,
AND EXACT DUTIES THEREON.
Hail Columbia happy lanic"
Should the above be true, which we trust may
not be the case, it roald be Of tie ercatcst
omrages on tie rights Of our mcrchants that has
occurred since the revolution Gin. Wing
The DrrERExcE.-At present the stocks Of
Government Pet Banks from ten to thirty
per cent. below par, while that of the United
States Bank Of Pennsylvania is from eight to ten
per cent. ah0xe- This - re<rsssrfy gratifying to
only of sovcncy ola domestic inssisuss--.
general governmet. HBiddie's Bank stands up
right in the midst of the storm, and may be OK
pected soon to resume specie payments. The
''Pets" were the first to suspend-thc "MOnster"
will be the first to rcsume.-[Penn. Telegraph
THE CRoPs IN New YoRx-The Journal of
Commerce says,--"A gentleman who has re-
Gently passed through large wheat tract of our
state, says the last three weeks have made an
improvement in the appearance Of
the fields month ago the prospect was SO bad
that some farmers ploughed up their fields but
others which then appeared no better, now give |
promise of good crop. "-[Bickncll.
SINGULAR DISCOVERY IN New HoLLAND-
of New Holland, Of highly civilized people, re-
motcly descended from the English, is published
this morning, under the cditorship ofLady Mary
Fox This work, many accounts, is likely to
excite the greatest attention.-[ Bickncll.
A flock Of sheep, 81 in number, belonging to
Mr.. Edmund Clark, Of New Milford, Connecti-
,utt, werc all killed by flash Of lightning few
lays since. They were under a tree which was
struck, and the entire flock were stricken dead
~ the same bolt-sevcrai Of them being found
standing dead on their feet.
We learn that an Eagle was shot on Bergen 3
Hill, New Jersey, while flying over the sports
mans head with q pig in his talons He was
brought down by wound in his wing He fought
wo dogs for an hour, and drove them off severe
y wounded. He was finally captured by throw
ng sheet over him.-tPattcfson Guardian.
Amos Kendall, it is said, has presented a gold =
huff box to Mr.. Van Buren,. We wonder if Mr.. .
fan Buscn will use it. We would a. soon take {
huff from the " box Of Pandora. Presticc.
Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1837-1839, 1837-07-08

TWO YOKE or OXEN FOR SALE.
4 NY person wishing purchase yoke Of first
Arate oxen can do 80 BY calling
HENRY wETHERALD.
RrcnxoNp, June -, 1887. s4n
Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1837-1839, 1837-07-08

~ ~ can IN .4sse.iess after reading such snUs A.
eo' his eyes 70 he capabilities Of eSun,ymen,
visbovs bludAl
s"ss afs ver awars Of the strength Of Aushors,
~. nave Ps'sd - pains in their endeavors hide
"s"s so~ their eowsuymen. They know the
'' 'nss'nes a Literature upon = nation. They are
s~a's 81 ~ visds, the sentence Of the
- seDN'vs NJ shs making Of the songs Of a Pen
- make 10 lava" They fully aware
lAssaArunH is The basis Of . Peoples
eey Ii PsOof s.a At Ii. er.,de,, r., u,,,,. =.
'0nd 'As nsuldssss b. Il ss e,eo,I C;,,,os :, ,h.
'aa 's''ss On shs aasssssd Aesupos At Athena
ous faa ~ sung e their n.rds-.h. .leo,.ue. of
~" Oss.s-sAs wisdom az ,Asir PAlo.ops,r,. and ,be
'ss conceptions Of their Paia,sr. s.i,. ,h., ...,.
$50 ossssy, which ls s's snehaassd v,il !. a. ~.
y-e'as'sh ~ dssosmi,y Of ds.a,asion .,d INA.
Richmond Indiana palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Ind.) 1837-1839, 1837-07-08

Amos Kendall, it is said, has presented gold
snuff box to Mr.. Van Buren,. We wonder if Mr..
Van Burcn will use il. We would a. soon take
snuff from the 6 box Of Pandora. Prentice.
Vermont telegraph. [volume] (Brandon [Vt.]) 1828-1843, 1837-04-05

The writer in the Review, as We think,
grossly Al the Threshold: In the
matter Of fact. All his other positions, with
those Of every other writer yet under our no
tice, supporting that side Of the question, are
based on mere e1pediency, imagining fright
full consequences to follow from doing what
they ell acknowledge ought TO- have been
done 23c years ago. For they all acknowl-
edge that the translation ought to have been
made at that time. Well has the use of the
Grecisms tended to union OF views among
christians as to their meaning? Quite the
contrary. How much more time shall be
lost, then7 We maintain, from the facts al
ready presented, that the duty Of making the
translation, which was incumbent on those
who made the transfer, two centuries ago,
is duty that has been resting, with increas'
ing weight, every moment since, on all who
have been competent 10 its discharge. We
have seen no reason ofered-we can con.
ceive OF no reason that required translation
then, that does not equally require it now
For aught we can discover, the motive:
which urged the work then, have urged i
with augmenting power, up 10 the presen
moment.
Vermont telegraph. [volume] (Brandon [Vt.]) 1828-1843, 1837-04-05

things, and grant that our efforts may be
crowned with abundant success.
Afer this meeting. a candidate for bap-
tism offered herself with whom have
had many interviews, and who, for a con-
siderable time, has received pivate instruc-
ton. think she gives satisfactory evil
dence that the good work is begun 10 her
heart
80. A man named Debus, who isabout
to emigrate with his wife and two child
rem to New South Wales. and who has
for some time attended our meetings for
worship, and who has also received a
course Of private instruction, called to-day.
l have the best hopes that the Lord has
begun work Ct grace 10 his heart, and
trust. that should be sail for New South
Wales, he may be made instrumental in
the conversion of those who are to sail
with him.
commenced this evening a course Of
instruction with five females, who appear
to be inquiring what they must do 10 be
saved.
Oct 2 Lord's-day. Baptized this at
ternoon, on the Hanoverian side ofthe
Elbe, the brethren Kobner and Friderice
the former by birth Jew, the latter Ro
man Catholic.
4. Another inquirer called this fore
noon. who has regularly attended gu
meetings for some time. He stated tina
for many years he had never once looket
into his bible; but that since attending OF
my preaching he had found SO mucl
pleasure in reading it, that his eyes hat
been infamed by his reading so much
The truth has evidently made deep i'm
preston on his heart The Lord grant
may end in his genuine conversion to him
self.
7. The Lord is still addiugt to us sue
as shall be saved. A woman, who has al
tended both my private and public instruc
tons, and for whom have entertained tn
hope for some time that the glorious Spir
of God had opened her heart, offered he'
self this evening as candidate for baF
) tism.
8. Baptized four persons. Blesse
be the Lord God OF Israel, for all hi
marvellous works of grace among us -
} May the whole earth be filled with hi
gIory.-Amen.
Vermont telegraph. [volume] (Brandon [Vt.]) 1828-1843, 1837-04-05
THE TELEGRAPH.
BRANDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL S.

BAPTIST VERSION OF TIE New TESTAMENT
Remarks concluded. Although we think
il has been made some what evident that the
writer in the Review was wholly in error
when be assumed that "bdpttze and bap-
tism have acquired an appropriate use, and
have obtained fred and definite meaning
in our language" we did not discover At the
first reading OF bis article, that he had so
completely confuted himself as he has on
this point Some half-dozen pages after
the paragraph quoted week before last, from
which the above extract is taken, we find the
following:
ave are not ignorant, that many chris
tians Of the present day contend, that sprink-
ling is baptism,-that pouring on water is
baptism, that any application of water is
baptism; and that the word, both in its ORR
glnal, and in its transferred state, means any
use Of water in the ceremony Of initiation,
| from an ocean to a DROP"
Who are the many christians of the pres
emit day that hold as he has here represent
ed7 They are indeed MANY. They are the
Methodists, the Presbyterans, the Congre-
gationalists, the Episcopalians-in a word,
all the numerous sects of Pedobaptists, who
taken together, are very large majority Of
the christians Of the present day.
Now put two or three things together
l. This writer is Baptist e. He assumes
that the terms bdptize and baptisn have ac-
quired an appropriate use and definite
meaning IN our language OF course we
must understand him, as Baptist, TO say,
by this, that these terms are now understood
to mean, and are used to convey the idea,
that nothing less than an immersing Of the
body in water constitutes the essence of
baptism, so far as water is concerned. Sure.
ly, as Baptist, he would not be understood
TO consider any less than this an "appropri-
ole" use ofthe term. 3. Yet he allows that
many-Iwh many in truth includes a
large majority Of christians at this day
consider these terms to mean, and use them
as meaning, any application Of water.
How do these things agree together7-
When it is conceded-as it must be on all
hands-that in this latter statement he is
fully correct, it will be discovered at once,
that in his former assumption be was as full
ly incorrect.
We. have placed the more stress, and dwelt
the more lengthily on this point, because we
view the position OF the writer now examiu-
ed, to be the most important one which he
has taken-in fact to be Of more importance
than all the others taken together. For, il
it were true that christians agree as to the
meaning Of these terms, and that they prac-
tice accordingly, then il might not be neces-
ssry or proper to require these Grecisms
now to give place to English terms. The
fact that il is otherwise-that their fuse, :" by
large majority Of christians, is almost any
other than "dpprOpriGte"-that their mean
ing is made to be the use Of water in any and
every degree, 'tfrom an ocean to 4 DROPS
in itself, in our estimation, . Sufficient reason
why The translation should have bsen com
yigf, end shsuld now Be made 90
Vermont telegraph. [volume] (Brandon [Vt.]) 1828-1843, 1837-04-05
For the Vermont TELEGRAPH.

Northeastern, co., March 15 1897.
Brother Manipulating this day re-
ceived, and thankfully too, your paper of
the 9Th inst, containing some structures on
an article in the American Advocate OF
Peace; and remembering that | once plead
the cause of Peace in your village, as an
Agent of the American Peace Society, that
in your paper of October 1885, you noticed
my efforts as such, and judging from the ten
or Of your remarks now made. that | NAV
be included among those who advocate
Peace on the ground Of "expediencv." |
have thought it no more than just that YOU
tell your readers the truth in the case-viz:
that when in Brandon, boldly assumed
the sinfulness Of all war, on the ground that
it is and must be anti-scriptural-tbat it
should be opposed and abolished on the
ground Of its antI-scnptural character; and
that the American Peace Society, sustained
the cause Of those who stood on this basis
of right and scripture, as we'll as that of
those who would oppose war as inexpedi-
ent*
IF from any thing we have said on the
subject, the impression has been made that
no individual agents or members of the
Peace Society oppose all war as sinful, it
was not intended. We have known, and
have NOT designed to intimate to the con-
nary, that some Of the members of tia,
Society take this view Of the subject. We
fault the Society, as such, for "reouirine
no pledge Of its members 1o,th r.spect 10
individual conduct no subscription to an,
class Of OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES member nj
it may be the "g'eatest aoarrior ofhe age,
and yet hold good standing in the societv
We see not how two principles, or praciises
so perfectly antagonist as the qualification
Of war from its necessity and ntil;tv, u
and the condemnatioaofi Il on account of its
sinfalness, can any more cooperate than
light and dsrkuess. wsh.l;sve it to hold
Vermont telegraph. [volume] (Brandon [Vt.]) 1828-1843, 1837-04-05


practical Observations. Deut. 20.
+Works vol. II, p. 60, Ed. OF 1880.
equally good in the moral world as in the
natural, that light can receive no assistance
from darkness, in doing any Of its work
Warts the work Of darkness and sin-pesce
the workef light and holiness. The two
are antipodes, and no more to be brought
INCORPORATION than the repellent poles Of
the magnet. We believe with father Ladd'
that one convert to the doctrine that q"
wars are sinful, is worth dozen Of those
who believe that some wars are justihabif'
Werejoice that the founder of the Society
is making this discovery, and trust be VIII
turn his great influence for an early, radical
reform, until the Society shall have a "cI''s
Of sentiments, and such sentiments as
will not allow i.smembers. 10 be the great
es, warriors oftbe age w-ED, T<t.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08
EN-. Notary Public Al Csavpyro,,
RICHMOND, INpIAxA.


ME nee Of this penetrating huid has beea aeae>,,
With unparalleled success in all the disosdess sfAess.e
which require external application, sscA a. O..
Chafeso gaK cuts, wounds, srraias, = 10 he eve
scratches, cracked heels, strains Of The shoslaes 49,
hongh. knee whrbone, fetlock and he paoesS ~
coffin joints. &C. &c. The nerve aud bose Lnanese
at 6rst intended only fr the diseases Of hses 10
superior efficacy in the Of their disoede hse
soned its for OF the ills Of humanity hes Se
such burns scalds, weakness sGaess iests
swelling of the glands OF the throat he~na
tisms, &C. Accompanying each bottle Of Linaeat ase
nj its efficacy from the following gents.~:
Doctor Rotaing Doctor Mufosd, G. Bs.dbessy. o. w.
Brown Co. pro2retors Of celebrated southern And
western circus company, Join Harr, me~bes Of the city
council, d. X. king trustee commes al hospital. H.
Harness. Worthington, WIN. Parker, Elias Day, Edw.
Wood, Henre Crcain, proprietor Of Tattersal eta.
bes, $. Lansrng Of Alton. As MILESTONE. Death AID
M'Cabe Of Franklin. Kmcwi on 4 Burgoy Of Camaas-
|vle, E. Holroyd Of MaysviIl, Vim. vintou OF Xessa
John Brown of Day ton, aud Others.
Beware Of imposition The words "Nesve and bcua
Jinament' stamped the hottie. and each bill
direction i. signed by the proprietor, Geo. NJ Aen
out which none genuine.
For sale by IRWIN REED.
| January l4th, 1887. 2-3m.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08

M HEN the directions have been followed j: hes sesee
W failed to al ri immediate aud pesmsnent selief-
also the decay Of defective te~ and relieves
that which frequently render ssUng tossA
usee.. Out al the letters and cesti6csr IL
following 10 given. baltimore, Aug. II, 1896
To u B. Montague Dear Sill have tried your haa
lin % violent Tooth ache, and Il has is1
to afford perfect in five minutes have certificates
Of the persons alluded to- Ny agents Of this place re
number) have also tried il in cases end
have heard oi single instance in which did ~
give immediate relief. Yours, &c. q. G. M'CCNE
The Balm in general for bleeding and poay
gums teeth scurvy, sc. and 10 decidedly the bse
cleaner ofthe mouth Of morning, and purifier q DE-
BREATH Of any thing that ha. been in shes
used with the tooth brush instead Of any powder,
substance containing that contain, the 6aest
tcle Of grit The ladies speak Of With sn1essssed
praise and very many have laid aside all other remedies
Offered ~ cleaBsers Of teeth For sme at 1rvs essde
drug store, Richmond Prtchct T. Swain Cent ~uIeead
al the and villages in Indiana. All orde 1os ne
Balm will attention il addressed to lsvs Rsed,
agent for the proprietor.
N B. Those having orders from C. H. Edwards ae aoy
of the above medicines can te supplied By REED.
! January I4th, 1887. 96
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08

HE Itch usually the form OF email vesicsa
intermixed with pustnles; but its aspects vesy
various and decetnl IL may at all tnes, however, b
distinguished by the inceesant and imrOTsune itching
which attends it, the constitution being perfectly uaaf.
fected tappear, occasionally every Tart ofthe body,
he face alone excepted Its mont usua1 seat 10 sb
the wr.ts and fingers In the treatment Of this dass
Of preparations such ~ blue oistAens
The active ingredients French OnMent psvsiy
vegetable aud the article certain, SAFE an s,eedy
cure this very ubIr.ome complaint. u has sis
been used with great scaled head, and -
Dutch Humnr Boware ofsmposition-Each bsll Of d.
rectuns signed by the propret:, Geo. n. Aen With
out which none genuine. For sale By REED.
January 18th, 1887. 43a
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08
CATALOGUE OF GARDEN SEEDS.
Just Received.


BEANS, (English) broad Windsor, eavlv yellow Gran
berry, early Mohawk, early yellow weeks large white
kidney early china dwarf. large white Lima, small lms
or Sibx.
Bxxr-Early blood turnip rooted early scarcity, Ion,
boud sed Yell turaip rooted, manEel wurze Frenck
sugar, amber.
CAssAGE,-Early York, early large Scotch, early
Dutch, large Cape Savoy, large late drumhead.
CAxkor,cLODg orange.
CAuLYLowkR,SEarlS Dutch large late.
CELERY,-White sohd, ose-colored solid.
CnEss,-Curled, or Peppergrass.
CucUxsExs,-Early Rus.is, early green cluster, Tor,
green Turkey, long white Turkey long prickey, Girki
Tor Wet India (for picknng)
ExDtvE. O SCCcoRY ,-Jreen cuTled.
LErrucE-Ear'y curied Siesia, royal Cape Head, ten
nifbai,
MELoxGExA, or EGG PLASr,-Purplc, white
MusrARD,-N bite, or English.
ONsoN Large white Portugal, large yellow Dutch
large dark seed, all Of which come to ma
tur:y the first year.)
PAksLEr.-Luried, or double.
PAKsxlr.-Large Dutch, or swelling
PkAs,-Russeirs new early dwarf (this IL believed
of the earliest peas cultivated early
true May, Bishops early dwarf dwarf blue im,er,a
superior p<a dwarf blue Prussian, nasrowfat diva,
sugar (eatable Ecds.)
i PErfEa,-Lsng, OF Cayenne.
RADrn.-Eay short-top scarlet q super sort } pus
lple shotop. long salmon, long white summer, Maple
lchesTy, scarlet tunp white ooted vel
turnprooted. black FALL Spanish, for winter use
SALARY, OF vegetable oyster.
SauAss,cEarly Dutch bush summer Geology earl
lsumner, long warted.
1 TuRxrr.-Easi. white Dutch. red round, white Hai
large English Neolk (fos field euitorr) arxe yello,
f s;ss.o. %. Re s lsn. ST 'ksls REED.
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08
Fire: Ftre!: Fires:

HAVING been appointed Agent of the "Hart-
ford Fire Insurance Company" the subscriber i
noready to grant policies of insurance to all person.
who wish their property insured loss damage
by fire.
THE company for which he is acting is one Of the
weaithiest and most the country, and they
pledge themselves that those who business with
the company shall be treated in the most liberal names
and all osses shall be adjusted with fairness and prompt
tude. Persons Wishing provide against the contingency
loss Of their property by this destructive element
requested to call his Office Main street, opposite ths
Branch Bank in Richmond Ia, where the Of incur
ance will he made known and the policies granted
by lett post paid will be promptly and
cheerfully attended to.
JAMES W. BORDEN. AGENT
June II 1886. 23t
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08

JOB w SWAIN. & co.
'UNHE subscribers having entered into Co part.
nershp under the firm Of Swan, IL Co., take
pleasure in informing the community that they
have erected commodious Machine Shop, ne ar the
Richmond Foundry, ~ are ready to give
prompt attention to all orders for Carding and
Spinning Machines, Turning Lathes. or any kind
Of machinery; as also for turning either in wood
or iron of any description. Having employ ed first
rate worknen. they with confidence I'm their abil.
ity and dispositions to please their customers in
qualities and prices) ask patronage from gen.
erous public.
JOB w. SWAIN,
JONAS GAAR.
ABEL. TIIORNBURY.
Richmond, Jan. I, 1897. ln
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08
SPRING FOUNDRY.

THE Subscribers having entered into copart-
nership under the firm Of ]. f. Jones, & Co., res
pectfully inform the public that they have estab-
i'shed Foundry on the north side Of Richmond,
and are prepared to furnish all kinds Of Casting
with dispatch. and in the nsatest manner. They
will also furnish patterns if wanted on fair terms
They are also proprie:ors Of the Richmond Cot
ton Factory, and viii; keep constantly on hand a
supply OF Cotton Yarn and Batting, which they will
sell at halfa cent advance On Cincinnati prices.
]. Z. JONES.
JESSE Nj. HUTTON.
JOHN II. HUTTON.
October 22d. 1886. 42-t
Richmond palladium. [volume] (Richmond, Wayne County, Ind.) 1831-1837, 1837-04-08

Are natures friend, promoting health snd ssength 81
opposing disease. They are recommended to The psbs
use In any case or complaint they Will 20 ee sssod
inferior the very best aud in many -
Gar before all Others. And here let us observe hat ds
be Of advantage to 70 reco0mnd them hgb1 ehoo
they deserve, De to depend eetey
upon a trial Of their virtues. Muttsdes have aesdy
tried them and proved the correctness Of the above ete
ments and to others would say .stry the.r After tysg
few portions any who 10 not satisfied with then
expected the remainder and pay only TOT eec
the high reputation they have already acquired o. "k
into nerted oblivion. The amount Il s3neTne .nses
they might and which they would relieve. were ehe~ ~
tues only known, can hardly be estimated. . sos
M cases might long and severe Ct ofscknes Be vvest
ed by the Of portion two Of these pills. Az 80
many ere, day after day. and week after wess. ssS
such arise from dyspepsia indigestion. o's.sesS
piles dianhea and dy sentesry. sict head ache Duane
nervous dis.'ders papitatioc. jaon''ce q i've -
plant disorders of the skin. such n bosh, hsotcees
rheum, nettie rash. prickiey heat, &c 'ssssnso -
stomach sour stonach, resess0ess. sense OF o.
oppression after eating, ~ il bsoated Soss o.
mi Il 10 not necessary to euumesaee aE the nee
which these pills are ueefu, ~ there ere . 49,
which the h1man frame 10 subject N wasc1 ~
tend promote the hea III and stlsssn, 10. =: -.
r'sosdsr. auAio a cases Of weakness deb iy IhsJ
are a 90 OF essential benefit in grase comp sso.
Their efficacy phsse Is b. 10 me an: Wv o"y -
j.,...o., ,t-v are sI>o . t,n;e Instead 81 pscd"c"e
w.. ~e.t..ss or debility, ihsy snyigossse ssa sfne1~
l whole system.
| ~ The; .. No danger Of tecomng % seeDssNe =
their use t,s esa"nt do . "n"s' 'n.", ~ -re
:. 80, ian the ba BIT f.kux sess, the eSs d"es
20 -, =. a,.u,d ,G.e, This Is issnrtans 90
lr.,;o., A one Which should aot be ovesoosen.
mineral s.bs'a"ee .ha'e.ss. .' - =. .,ssr ~
.t.ue~ ina. ran in any nay Be sj"':us 20 "e
-;.,. i. Viii, ne 6osd, ss.i.s DIE dssss'r. IN"
r..n,., ard h-.,,hy aeina Of she boses Eees
ians 80. Price 75eentA
........s.., - an .aecsu.i se@edy. lila dee -
4 ~ s.a... - raj. ve,v 500, ssd ~ ssnss