davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

DARK THEATHE.-THIs EVENING will be per-
PIzARRo -Rolls, Mr.. Forest-cors Mrs RichardsoD-El
To conclude with PECULIAR PosITIoN-clsmpienon,
Mr.. Placide.
ar Doors open sa-peromsnees commence a, O'Clock
Boxes Si-Pi! so cents-Gallery 70 cents
AMTEEIEs!ESCAA N.o TH! 5 "A 30" Eis1-
BLACK AND wHITE-sambo, Mr. Rice-Julia, Miss
Alisr Which, OLYMPIC DEVILS; Or, orphsus and Fury
To conclude with TURNING THE TABLES--Jack Hum
phreys, Mr. Cowell-Miss Knibbs, Miss Verify.
W Doors open at 7-perfomances commence at quarter
before O'Clock Boxes, 10 cents-Pit T3-Galery 70
NATIONAL THE TRE-Lste italian Opera
-, t Hoass@MR wALLACK, Lessee-THIS EVENING
THE THREEDUTcH covERNERs-TLe Three Cover
To conclude with the farce of DAMON AND PYTHIAs-
Pythas, Mr. w. IL WILLIAMSBURG Piece, Mr.. Stanley
Mrs. Stokes, Mrs. Flynn.
Doors open 64-Pertormance begin al II.
EhANKLIN THEATKE.--THIs EVENING
y will be presented the
FORTY THIEyES-Hassarac, Mr. W. Sefton-Morgan a
Mrs. Wallace.
After which, yIRGINIUS, THE RUM ,UN-yir.inius
Mr. Ebere-yir-gn.oh.ha Mrs. Wallace.
To conclude with KABRI-Kabr, MIR Ebere-Banche Miss
precisely. Boxes 50 cents-Pit2 IS cents.
OLYMPIC IHEATWE-Broadway, next to Tat
" tersalls-MR. g. H. BARRETT'S BENEFIT-THIS
EVENING will be performed
Two FRiENDS-Ambrose Mr.. Brrrett-Rose, Nrs Mae
After which, THE MUMMY-Toby Tramp, Mr.. Barrett-su-
Alter which, RAISING TIE wIND-Jeremy Diddler, Mr..
To conclude with the SWISS COTTAGE-Corporal Max
Mr. Edwin--Lisete Gierstein, Mrs. Blake
IL Boxes, so cents; Pit 25 cents.
Doors open at past 6; the performance will
l past O'Clock.
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

CLEARED.
ships ST. Thomas, Warrington, St. Thomas, ID. Rogers
s S s'' Bgs as"n.s S. 81 John. sr1no Keen
Gle Lton Madison. Lvesaore, Savannah, yohnsoa Low
sss Msson Lsgura, Geo. whi,sIer sioop President NAL
ship corcaaus Merrill, Clyde. Aug. i4h, with mdze to
ship PAR, o. salem King from Batavia, and days from
Bremen bark Rerub!i,. s,suhen Bremen, 81 days, with
sw-d,.h Minerva. Krc Stockholm days. TO J. H.
ssrs Thes Germ, Watson, Havana. days. win moss.es
Brig comnsquid, sears Paerme, 70 days, to ow.s God
Brr william CLARK, New Orleans % days. with md.e to
Brig Amazon Richardson. Easpor,,s DAYS, to order
Brig May, Patterson Boston, day., to order.
schr Washington, Rice, Alexandria days, 10 sturgssa
Bremen chr Telegraph HIDE Bremen - days. with ma,e
SCH. Horset Osborn, Petersburg "a days. johnson Il
Sc seSr crenyle Darden, Washington, N. CT days, to
seh Henry Barger, Briggs, Baltimore, u days, ,oJa NJ
ssSr. select NAPLES, Newbern n c, DAYS to order
schr. Bounty, Triton, swsnsoorougn' ~ v, DAYS !"
schr Nassau Chester Richmond, days, to Allen Pax
scbr Alexandria, Rriiten, Baltimore, days to master
S Ann = Carroll ps rsg, "g. nm a ofss order
sxiLEDsap sheisIa u. AlIen liverpool and others
A6se brig 70 be called the La-ea was 70 have been
launched yesterday menng Philadelphia sheis shout 1870
s.. sr Sss asS HAVANA S
Capt John n. Young. - -
The Merbsrf sears OF and for Elizabeth City, from Dgh-
oon. tsaiied from New port 5tb u) in ballast wreck.
ed the Goth Body Island, N c.; crew savedvesse
Total los.
The sepet Scr Bevery,~ss boarded 2lss ul on Grand
Bank by the Isabella Of and 80 DAYS from glasgow for Jamsi
ca- with lo~ of Cart Patton, and seaman
chr with cargo ot moasses and dry goods from Fort
land Cor New York. struck on the end Of the Hedge Fence
in the Vineyard Sound, on the 2st ult
Captain rbbes, y he Es,s Grer died at Charleston
ne i1h inu AFTER short sickness ~ yellow fever NJ
much respected by all that knew him he one ofour most
active shipnss,crs, and generous % the roor
Ieu'rnnn W. W. wooisey has appointed 70 the
upsnd of Ire 5cfiue ~ the exploring squadfon.
The time Of OF the New York packet ships
between New York and Liverpool for three years IS
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

MONDAY, Sept 25 L. M.
Consumption is the regulator Of the production of Cotton
The following tables will show the annual consumption in G.
Britain
In 1924 6s4e3o bales
This exhibits an increase 5oO bales 1926 the severe
arrangements the commercial world took place. eonn
ued until spring of This reyulson trade affected
consumption of 26whch continued par with the quant
ty consumed in the previous year The consumption again
commenced the increase in the following follows
Ia 1877 1877 7 $4,000 600 bales Sn
Thus we see the OF commercial transactions which
coatinued on until 1897 The consumption
alone in Great Britain in 1929 SOP 600 bales
against growth or bales leaving $4,000 bales
poraon other foreign counes and for the consumption
e United States which estimated that year be
bales Therefore only exported g. bales France Gc
The consumption in all Europe in 1898 1000 bales
against supply Of 97s0o0 The consumption Of American
cotton decreased in 1926 $4,000 bales In 1924 was de-
all kinds bales. France Switzerland in
1897 consumed 277 0c0.
The quantity of used by Great alone has con-
nued gradually increase the t of January 1887 In
1sS2they took s66 c7o bales for home and in 1885,
The consumption in 1929 and - 1s4000 bales while
production in 1927 and only $780, 600, which, ndc1tes
decrease Of 2o4, 600, all Of which was American.
Owing the consumption exceeding the supply the stock
Britain the 3ls Of December le29 only IT,
Hayre same date only 1900 only month consumption
is impossible to any definite conclusion the
amount Of cotton consumed in the United States I to be
regretted that calculations of the consumption
country cannot be made.
In 1885, Mr. Burgessof R. Island, gentleman ofinegencs
commenced vigorous Investigation the subject but he
positive conclusion the particular quantity
that Is consumed in America He estimated IL to be at that
period 10000 bales Since which the home consump
onhas gradually increased meet the wants of the in
in population and the improvements in mills and
chinery.
The hand in Britain the 3ist Of December
was,
1926 4i5,s5o bales.
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26
General Markets.

MONDAY, Sept. IS Pm.
Trade been rather inactive today We remark sales Of
SO barrels western -four 50. Very little southern in the
market About 1000 bushels German wheat sold to-
day al al sf cash Auction sales The weather
continues fine Tor business Arrivals Of strangers number
about 200 to 500 per day-and so we 20.
PHLADELrnA Sept 49, r M-S.it, Liverpool 4oc per su
sLel-Sack Asutons' S225-Whskey, IS S7c-Tebacco,
Kentucky. 5a &C; Ohio, a SIC; ST. Domingo, iac.
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

MORNING HERhLD.-SHIP NEWS.
PORT OF NEW YORK, SEPT 25, 10 O'CLOCK, r. M.
hgh water Nv
Jackets TO ARRIVE.
LsDUpsd.- - ngiapd, Waite, Sept ]
ST Andrew, Thompson, Sept
Howe--Ere, Funck, A1g. "a
Eormosa, Orne, Sept j.
LsA<sr-Samsan, Sturgess, Sept |
President Chadwick Sept 10
PACKETS To SAIL
LSpr7oss Columbus, Depeysier, Oct l
sheridan, Russell, Oct
Ls~ds~. Mediator, Champln, Oct
Quebec, Hebard, Oct 10
6uprs---Rhone, Skddv. Sept "a
Charles Carroll Lee, Oct
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

Thus will that the supply In Great Britain fell of
about year until 1929; which year the produc
ton sensby increased The crop has reached this
yet two small lots. No price has been FIX
ed -therefore sales The demand for old continues
fair The stock very smai-raIer much operate
upon.
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

Cotton Market.

MONDAY, Sept %, 6 PM
Consumption the regulator OF the production of Cotton
The following tables will show the annual consumption in g.
Britain
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

SPLENDID NEW MOVING PANORAMA,
~ AT N1bLOS GARDEN, superior 10 any thing Of the
Kind ever exhibited IN this country painted by the celebrated
W. Daniels, Royal Acadenician, London. The subject i,
WILD ELEPHANT HUNTING, and n correct rsprssents.
ton OF the ISLAND OF CEYLON All the artists and con-
nosseurs that have this splendid il
be the best panoramic painting brought this country
Exhibited during the day and evening Adnittance, as
cents william
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26
M E eIossl,yXcoTna.aas , AMP ANP SHS Il

have hand assortment made clothing
suited and size. which will sell
for cash. either al wholesale RETAIL ais SIM
II OAK DEh -Geniemen itb thsir wives, or single
- gentlemen, canb be accommodated with pleasant add
board, by applying at 404 Grand ST st6-lm.
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

NAHFNE INV ILION.-Tbis seIghtfuI sumnerfe :
VA treat open for the reception company Tor the
Being situated directly The board renders this
place very healthy location, also pie ssaoa.
where abundance 81 food be had also
bathing.
TernsSl per day or S. per week The bar well stocked
viii coc. win,s-siasng conmodious
NJ y. Carriages READINGS. all times upon the arivA
Of the steamboat New Haven convey passengers directly
tle Point aul2 RlCuARD WELD
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

CLuTHING.-The subscribers would inform SOUTH
~ EkN and WESTERN MERCHANTS that they
continuing the business lately conducted by James Hora and
that they are now prepared To- MANUFACTURE STOCKS
or CLoTHNG at short notice. in the most approved style
As they have carried clothing business number Of
years at The south they know exactly what descriptions OF
clothing will suit that market.
They have also hand OF coihag manuiac
tured by the fashionable patterns of this fall which they will
sell low Tor cash HORA MANN,
PrarIKt
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

Open dalv from 10 TO 5.
Single tickets 50 monthly tickets not
Fer sale at the door and at the principal hotels.
GENENlNG ExhibitionAt the request of several fzmi-
lies ana afford the ladies opportunity hehsdng this
wonderful discovery the propriet0rs w give evening
hbon from half past to O'Clock, and after the 9th Sep
TENDER until further notice. sg5
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

- Werrsoay YIN instant bs ~ the Courland street pier
from whHncn we w commence her regular Albany
At 5eclock w. She r the largest heat rnd lead liable IL
rolf ~ any tine sfcsti veil be coymanrd Nv Canaan t3en
" seysour strangers and poor have equal prve.
refreshments y ~ hcur Tine ofrunnny from TOTO il hous
particulars In bulls OF the day. 10 80
Morning herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1837-1840, 1837-09-26

NIBLO,S GARDCN.-SPLEEDID PANORAMA
This magnificent Painting covering space Of seso
square ee ct canvass VIII be epen fsr exhibition during the
Fair, which will continue fer one week
The painting shy w Daniel, Royal Acaderlsian, London
IL Ambulance Is cents.
Entrance from Broadway and the Garden .os.iu
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20
THE PRESIDENTS REPLY:TO THE
NEW YORK COMMITTEE,

We subjoin the reply of Mr.. VAN BUREN
to the address of the New Y York committee,
which recently visited washington. 1t is, as
we anticipated it would be, courteous in
manner, decided and explicit in its declara-
tions, and in every respect paper which
will be received with satisfaction by all who
are able to perceive, and have the candor to
acknowledge the real causes ofexisting en-
barrassments. In the address ofthe commit
tee, we find that they actually assert, in the
face oiall the specializing madness of the last
two or three years, that 'it is unjust to attri-
butte the evils of the time to any excessive de-
velopement of mercantile credit Accord
ing to them, it is all attributable'to the remo-
val ofthe deposites in 1888, and to other acts
OF the administration, such as the importa-
ton of gold and silver, the Specie Circular,
&c They, therefore, asked for a repeal of
the Specie Circular; that instructions may be
given to prevent the commencing of suits in
any OF the collection districts, upon unpaid
Bonds, until after the first day of January
next; and urged upon the Executive the
propriety ofcalling an extra session of Con-
gress at as early . day as possible.-Pa.
Reporter.
To which Mr.. Van Buren replied as fol-
lows:
WASHINGTON, MAY 4, 1887.
Gentlemen-I have bestowed on your
communication the attentive consideration
which is due to the opinions, wishes, and
interests of the respectable portion Of nv
fellow citizens in whose behalf you act.
In the correctness of the judgment which
in the exercise of an undoubted right, YOU
have in such general terms pronounced upon
particular points in the policy of the late and
present administrations, you cannot expect
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20
MORE MURDERS BY STRAG-
CLING INDIANS.
JQCHSOnVIWP.

JdchS0hUlHe, April 20.
On the 9th inst. the house of Mr.. Will
liam Clemmons, situated on the road from
Alligator to Livingston's Ferry, on the Su-
wannee, about twenty miles from the latter
place, was attacked by Indians. The in
mates, consisting of Mrs. CIemmons and
four children, little orphan lad living with
Mr.. Clemmons, were murdered. Mr.. G..
was from home at the time this awful yisi-
tatlon was made upon his family. He re-
turned on the 10Th inst. the second dav a(-
ter the horrid transaction, and the first inti-
nation Of the calamity that had befalen his
vile and little ones, was the desolate an
pearancc oihls home, and then the bodies
OF his wife and children, fifty ormore wards
from the house. They had been shot
while attempting 10 escape, as it would
seem from the position in which the bodies
lay. They were unscalped.
The children were both shot in the head.
and so near were the guns when DISCHARGED
that the heads Of these unfortunate victims
were literally blown to pieces. And TO add
10 the horror OF the sight, and anguish of
the bereaved husband and father, the BODY
OF the youngest child, babe, was almost
deyoured, and the arm ofthe mother eaten
off by the hogs!
What scene was this. What duty.
heart rending duty, was there to be per-
formed by the husband, the father! To
collect the mutilated bodies of his wife and
five children, four of them his own, and
place them in corn 'house till he could 90
eight miles for assistance to bury the dead.
Breathes the man with heart so cold, as not
to sympathse with the afflicted and suf-
lerlng Of East Florida.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20

me TO concur My opinions Sntkese points
were distinctly announced to the American
people before my election, and have seen
no reason to change them. But however
much may differ with you upon them, as
well as in respect to the causes of the eXls-
ting evil, you may be assured Of the warm
interest shall ever feel in whatever concerns
the mercantile community, of my deep
sympathy with those who are now suffer
ing from the times, and of p'y readiness to
adopt any measures for theirrelief, consistent
with my convictions of duty.
The propricty Of giving to the Collectors
of the Customs instructions of the character
desired, necessarily involves inquiries into
the extent ofthe power of the Executive over
the subject, the present condition of the
Treasury, and its probable receipts and ex-
penditures for the remainder of the year,
These examinations have been directed, and
are in progress, and the result will he COM
municated by the Secretary of the Treasury
to the Collector at New York, who will be
instructed to give it publicity. A few days
will be required TO arrive at a safe conclusion
upon some parts Of the investigation, but
there shall be no unnecessary delay.
The other subjects to which you have
called my attention, arc, first, an immediate
repeal the order requiring specie in pay
ment, on sales of public lands, issued by my
predecessor, for the purpose of enforcing a
strict execution ofthe Act of Congress, which
forbids the allowance ofcredt on such sales,
and secondly, an extra session of Congress.
| have not been able to satisfy myself that
| ought, under existing circumstances,
to interfere with the order referred to.
You must be aware of the obstacles TO
an immediate convocation of Congress ari-
sing from the imperfect state of the repre-
sentatiOn in one branch of that body. Sc
veral Of the States have not chosen their
Representatives, and are to do so for some
months to come. Independent of that con-
sideration, do not see at present, sufficient
reasons to justify me in requiring an earlier
meeting than that appointed by the consti-
tuition.
am gentlemen, very respectfully,
Your obedent Servant.
M. VAN buren,.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20
DRY DOCK BANK
M. VAN BUREN.

IN consequence ofsome improper publica-
ton In whig paper printed in New York, a
run was made, last week, on the Dry Dock
Bank of that city, and the institution was
Obliged to stop payment. A statement of
the affairs of the bank has since been publish
ed, from which itappears that the bank is in
possession OF assets sufficient to meet all its
liabilities, and leave surplus of more .han
two hundred and eighty-seven thousand
dollars. The notes are now redeemed al all
the other banks in the city.-Pa. Reporter.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20
PHILADELPHIA MARKET.

Flour and dlieal.-Saes confined to home
use, at 80 per Dbl. for good brands-Wes-
tern SO 624 without inspection, SO rs to 0
for standard. Rye Flour, free sales for
shipment at So a 6 l2a; yesterday So 25
per bbl. Corn Meal, sale in bbls. at
about 81. Grain-Wheat has been in good
demand at advanced rates. Sales of to
10000 bushels of domestic wheat at So 10
per bushel for fair to prime quality, 5000
foreign red at 81 so ahoat, and some small
sales from stores at 81 go. Rye 1000
bushels fair foreign sold at 81 10 in store,
several lots of Pennsylvania at$l Is 20.
COrn-Sales of round yellow at 90 to 9l9
cts. aAoat, fat IS to Sc cts; white 80 SO
being a slight advance.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20

'4rse,,ic for Crean,-cf. Tarter.-Melun-
choy Dedth.-We are panied to record the
death of Mr.. James Thompson of Indiana
in this State, which took place on Tuesday
at the Red Lion Hotel in Market street
This gentleman had been for some davs
rather unwell; not so much so, however. as
to prevent his attending to business-hay-
ing come to the city to buy goods, being a
merchant in Indiana. Monday evening
as he stated--he called at an apothecarv
shop (the precise one he said he could not
recollect, being stranger in the city) to
buy little cream-of-tartar. lie took the
dose, and was soon convinced by its eiS
lects, that he had swallowed poison. He
died Tuesday morning, and an examina-
ton OF the stomach proved that he had Ia
len arsenic instead Of the simple medicine
he had bespoken. We are told he has left
an interesting family--a wife and several
chlldren-to mourn his melancholy and UNI
timely demise. We wish it were in our
power TO give the name of the shop where
this fatal carelessness was communication
we should feel it our duty to warn persons
from ever entering its portals to buy medi-
cme.-SatrdGy Courier.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20
THE CONVENTION.
MoNnAY. NAV 3 Iean

A''er preliminary motions and diseus-
'ioHs the Convention agreed to resolution
appointing the following committees on the
different articles of our present constitution.
vfs:
Inc LIST Article to a Committee Of nine.
"a Article to Committee of nine.
Sd Article to a Committee of nine.
4th Article to a Committee of nine.
oth Article TO Committee of nine.
ON Article TO Committee of nine.
Tths Article to Committee of nine.
9th Article to Committee of nine.
-9th Article to a Committee of nine.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20
pANK OF NORTHUMDERLAND.

DANk OF NOlt lllDMDEtiIAND III
The Directors Of the Bank of Northum.
berland, in announcing TO the public, the
partial and temporary suspension of specie
payments, deem it their duty to state the
causes that have compelled them TO adopt a
measure so repugnant to their feelings.
1t is well known that the Banks in our
three great commercial cties-New York,
Philadelphia and Baltimore, no longer
redeem theirnotes with specie, and that their
example has been followed by all the banks
of the interior as far as heard from, aud of
course this bank cannot at present receive
specie for the debts dueit Such being the
case, the Directors of this institution have
been impelled to adopt the same course as
a duty less due to the institution, than the
community; as the attemptto continue specie
payments under these circumstances, could
only result in having it all drawn out bv
Brokers and others for the sake of the pre-
MUM which it will necessarily command in
ourcities, and thereby deprive the institution
of the means Of accommodating the district
in which it is located, with change, and pre-
vent it resumng at once full payment, when
other Banks adopt that measure.
The Directors can confidently assert that
the Institution was never in more solvent
situation than at present; the amount of spe-
Gle in the vaults is larger, and the balances
due III Philadelphia greater than usual at
this period of the year. After declaring the
last dividend, a surplus of nearly 10000
dollars was left, which las the debts due to
the Bank are well secured and based upon
the business and produce of the country,
uncomected with speculation) is far more
than sufficient to meet any losses that could
possibly occur; Independent of which there
is a a capital of$l40, 0,000-actually paid in;
so that in no event can the note holders or
depositors be losers.
The Directors confidently hope that the
notes OF the Bank of Northumberland, will
sustain the same credit as heretofore in the
city of Philadelphia, and answer the same
purpose as they have hitherto done as city
notes. No eXertions shall be spared to
continue that credit by which the institu-
ton, will preserve its usefulness in the col
lection and transmission of funds, and be
among the first in resuming specie paw
ments, when that desirable event shall be
accomplished in the city. In the mean
iiG; 'ii0D i0ei CohNllCeu tnat an intelligent
public will sustain them in an act unavoid-
able and as necessary for their interests as
that of the lnstimtion-And that no doubt
may be entertained of our entire confidence
in the solvency of the Bank of Northum-
berland, we do hereby pledge our individual
responsibility, for the ultimate payment of
all liabilities. Witness our hands this 18th
of May A. d. 1887.
The Columbia Democrat. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1837-1850, 1837-05-20
TnuRsDAY, May II, 1897.

Mr.. DiHiHger, from the committee to
whom was referred the resolutions in rela-
ton TO the printing of the Journals and de-
bates, of the convention, reported the fol-
lowing resolution:
ResOived, /. That the printer of the Jour
nal, in the English language, be directed to
strike twelve hundred copies of the said
journal, and the minutes of the committee
of the whole, on good paper, in medium
octave form.
2. That the printer of the journal, in the
German language, be directed to strike
twelve hundred and fifty copies of said Jour
nal, and minutes in the same form.
3. That the printer of the debates of this
convention, in the English language, be
directed to strike twelve hundred and fifty
copies, Of said debates on good paper, in
royal octave form, the yeas and nays in
solid paragraphs.
A. That the printer of said debates in
the German language, be directed to strike
twelve hundred and fifty copies, in the
form and manner aforesaid.
8. That the secretaries of this conven-
ton, cause the said journal and debates, to
be stitched, bound, and delivered, into the
Office of the secretary of the common
wealth, to be by him distributed in such
manner as shall hereafter be directed by
this convention,