Mechanics', operatives', and laborers' advocate., 1836-11-28

LABORING CLASS IN EURopE.-The following interesting article. from the North American Re- view for October, gives glowing description of the condition of the laborng classes in Eurobc in re- gard to the rate of wages, the burden of taxation the means of subsistence the facilities of educaon and the share, if any, which these classes have in the government. It ought to inspire every citizen of this free and happy Republic to guard with con- stant vigilance ngalnst any encroachmenti oh the institutions which guarantee to us the blessings which our brethren beyond the seas are destitute of - ' '''', '' ''E '' -.
 In .Norway the o1dlnary food of the peasantry is bread and gruel both prepared of oat meal, with an occasional mixture of dried fish. Meat is lux ury which they rarely enjoy.
 In SlOeden te dress of the peasantry is prescrib- ed by law. Their food consists of hard bread dr- ed fish, and grueI without meat.
 In Denmark the peasantry arc still held in hon. dage, and are bought and sold together with tine land OH which they labor.
 In RltsSta the bondage of the peasaEtry is even more complete than it IS in Denmark. Tie nobes own all the and i'll the empire, and the pea5antry who reside upon it are transferred with the estate.
 great majority have only cottages one portion of winch is occupied by the family while the other Is appropriated to domestic animals. Few, if any, have beds-but sleep upon bare boards, or upon parts of the immense stoves by which their house Is warmed. Their food consists of black bread, cabbage, and other vegetables, without the addition of any butter ." -
 In Pol1nd the nobes are the propretors of the land and the peasants are slaves. A recent travel Ter says, I have travelled in every direction and never wheaten loaf to the eastward of the Rhlne, in any part of Northern Gernahy Poland or Denmark The common food of the peasantry of Poland, the working men, is cabbage and pota- toes, $" aetmes, but not generally, pedk black bread and soup, or rather gruel. without the addition of butter or meat
 In .1aAsria the nobles are the proprietors of the land, and the peasants are compelled to work for ther masters during every day except Sunday The cultivators of the soil are in stle of bon d,ge.
 l Hung; ry their state ls if possible, still worse. Ihe mob e5 own the land, do not work, and pay no taxes. Tie labo1ng classes ale obliged to repair all the high ways and br dges are liable at any time to have soldiers quareied upon them, and are compelled to pay tenth of the produce of their labor to the Church, and one ninth to the lord whose land they occupy.
 Of tine people of F1ance, seven and half mill ions do not eat wheat or wbeaten bread. They live upon barley, rye, buck"heat, chesnuts and few potatoes.
 The common wages ofa hired laborer in France, is S37 50 for a man, and SIS 75 for wonlan annu- ally. The tsxes up Al them equal to one-ffth of its nett products. i.
 In 1871, there were 100000 houses in lreIarM--' Of these, ll3,0OO were occupied by paupers-and more thun 5OOOGO had no hearth The average wares ofa aborer IS from nine and halt to II GUS per day.
 Among the laboring classes of the industrious. .ScoicA, meat except on Sundays, IS rarely used
 In Engtand the price of labor, varies; the Not tingham stocking weavers, as stated by them in public address, after working from fourteen to six teen hours day,ony earned from four to five shi- lings week, and were obliged to subsist on bread and water or potatoes and salt.