The Arkansas advocate., 1836-06-17


 and make such Internal Improvements as the interes of their people demands and rely upon inc justice Congress, from time to time to make sucn reductions in the price of the Public Lands, m favor O. actot sei ilers as the interests of the new States may require
 For one having been raised, and having lived II
 new State. and knowing the difficulties they have t encounter my feelings have been with hem and since honored with place here, have ever been disposed bv my votes to ayor their wishes and interests so la as it could, consistently, be done haPe sllls 10 ds so, let them pursue what course they may.
 Either now or at any subsequent sime l am readj s vote reduction of the price of the public lands, II favor of the acal sclsr the culivator of the soil; bu not to favor the spccutator-he who would buy large lv at small price, to sell to the settler Tn small 9alla lies at n high price.
 Of all the evils which can befall netv State, nont IS greater than 10 reduce the price, so oie as to en courage individuals companies to purchase large quantities of the public domain. They Will be hsfd IT for increased 3lsces and eecually check the growth the prosperity and wealth of any State, where sucf policy is pursued.
 But the acttta settler may we'll be favored by pro curing home of his own, at tow Psee, when he car cultivate his soil, and independently of all others mantain his family.
 voted yesterday against the amendment of the Senator from Mississippi, because it did moi provide for actual settlers, only for those who Teresenled hd theu luisted to become settlers Let lands be entered upon such statements, and those who entered them would, in many cases, soon change theIr mlnds and some speculdtor would be found to be the true otenef at the reduced pfaee.
 Whenever the lands have been so long n market at reasonable price, to show that they are not oi value to the General Government let them be trans ferred, upon fair terms, to the States ln whlef they respectively lie
 In the State which have the honor, in part, 10 re- present, the United States some lands, whicf never be brought into market by them, so as tt produce any benefit whateyer to the State they would be worth something there is q bill peHdIng in the other House, which has for its object their transfer to The State, and if 1t reaches the Senate which hope Il soon will, it is believed will be able to show the .propriety of passing it.
 Let us now reflect little on some of the adyanta ges which will flow from the passage of ihs bil
 In the first place we will do that which IS act 0 justice 70 the individual States. Seyeralof then m own among the rest, have received dollar from the Federal Government, while others have receIvet large donations in land Or in money.
 In some States where they opposed 10 Inerna Improvements by the Federal Governments no con tributions have been made for either roads canals while in others large sums have been expended.-This inequality has produced art-burnngs and discon- tents Give to each its proportion of this fund 10 do with 1t pleases, and this of disconten will be removed
 Each State IS the proper judge what ought to be done with its own money l am, therefore, opposed 10 giving any direction, 10 the objects, to which i shall be applied; but have doubt, in most instan ces, 1t will be expended either in Internal Improve ments, or in the business of Education.
 have been of those, who do not believe tho Federal Government has the po,cer 10 carry on sgs fem of Internal Improvements actsn he Staies; an( sha nov think it peculiarly hard, when we find large of money, which we have the power to dis tribute, if 1t should be taken, and wasted upon reinot and disiant objects, and my State received nothing. should consider myself crimnaly negligent, if d not urge the necessity of giving that, which think i justly our due.
 By making this distribution we shall withdraw fron the deposite Banks large sum of money now locked up from the aad benefcial pursuiis Of e, put in circulation not in State place in partic nlar but in every State in the Union, so that its bene Gcia effects will be felt by all.
 Now, if this money is loaned by the banks, 1t is evi don't to my mind the loans not made men, accustomed to bank accommodations but to com panies, engaged in spccufatioas n most Ualuab public lauds; by means of these loans the honest se tier is driven of from your public saes IS forced ion some company, for the sake of enabling himse to procure, at fair price, the small piece of land 0 which he has settled
 Formerly, we sold tue public lands upon credit; whil that was the case, companies formed and specu laons carried on 10 great extent attended one those sales, and enough to satisfy me, Mr Pres sident, that if you and could unite our capacity fc busaesss would noi then be able purchase at ii value, section ofland The spectators would fore us to join then or drive us out Of the market. The would tell the land we desired vas worth ten dollar per acre, and if we would give them the difference be tween the sum we had 10 give at sale, and ten dollars then we might buy, otherwise they would run it up twenty dollars per acre; and they would keep thei word, if we did not come to tern,s if we did, then " could bid off the land at dollar and quarter, whic we would pay to the Goremment. and in addition w would pay the company eight and three qua,ters dollar per acre.
 a The Congress determined to break up these specu latons. by requiring cash payments. It worked yer we'll till lately Within the last year, the land specu lations revived to fearful extent. Now what probably the cause! These large sums, 80 long o deposite enable the banks to make to these compane