davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13

~ The Merchants Of Charleston, 5. {. have
had meeting, and resolved to Lave no dealing
with any Northern Merchant, or any person who
is engaged in the cause Of Abolition.
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13

o. William McComas, Esq. in an address to
the Citizens of the county Of Grccnbrier, &c. cont
posing his Congressional District, declines being a
Candidate at the next election.
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13
MR.. THOMAS sTEWARY:-sir AZ yoa

M X. THOMAS STEWART Sir, a, Won
I'h are not an nhabitant Of thi, State, and haya
no agentor attorney herein known to me. take
this method ofnoiiyiugy on, through the public p,-
ptrs, that SHAH on the 22d day of September,
1850 at the house Of Jacob Cresaw, in the COM
y Of 'ota'onr IN the State of Virginia, proceed
to take the dispositions Of Jacob Cresaw that ii,
,le Isl day oi October, at the store house of JOHN
y. Booth, in the county of Franklin, STATE of
"elnia, take the deposition of Benjamin Booth
that on the lbtl, day OF Srmp,ember, at the Mead
ows oil Goose Creek, in the county Of Bedford.
ana State of virginia, shall proceed to take the
deposition Of Nicholas lobcrtsonand others. 10 be
read as evidence ON the trial of suit depending
on the Clmnccry side ofthc county court Of Bed
lord wherein you are plaintiff, and am defend
AM Wiefe ana when You may attend, if Won
please. Yours.
JOHN kASEY
AuI l.; 1us
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13
gcmsaamsE,ip and Book Keeping.

MA r. ToUSEY eiqes notice that his classes
wv are iormi1g aal Write at hour, (loy and
h"ih,) to suit the convenience Of Papas. Those
who cannot make it convenient To attend REGULAR
y, have the privilege Of receiving a full compile
mrnt oil lessons during his stay in Lynchburg mhich
" hmifedto "oNE uoNTn.' Terms, lcdtccd to SO,
TO person, Il all aees for course OF instruction in
" rtne, Zen Making and Stationary included
Book keepin@ hv double entry a1o-Mr. II. has
reduced the tuition price of Writing as an induce
mch' Tor all inferior penmcn to improve their hand
wiring, and for the purpose ofmakng his system
more generally known.-lntcrcsted persons will
please 10 make early application, at the Acadc-
my near The post oi.ee where they can examine
specimens OF pupils Improvements, and manner of
execution.
~ d. ni'on IN Writing given gratis to pupils
in Book Keeping, during the time of instruction in
bookkeeping.
july 10 I,
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13

WILL sch on Thursday the 18th instant
u (Na'e To commence Il 10 clock,) lot Of Dry
ar00ds, consisting in part Of
Broad Cloths, Cussmetis, Cloaks, Linen Dia-
per, Marsailcs Ncsine, Dmity, Silk, Cotton and
orNled lldis, Summer Cloth suitable for Gen
t'mans Goats, talicos, Ginghams, Shoes, Eight
Day Clocks, Soaps, Pins, &c, &c. All Of which
will he sold on liberal terms
CHARLES PHELPS.
Aug. 10 2tif
Miirf Cows and Calves for Sale.
a I ] o'clock this afternoon | will sell in
front ot my Auction store, five or six
MICH COWS, with Young Calves " fresh
FROM Augusta. E. PHELPS.
Aug. IL II
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13

never was the character ola man more striking
portrayed than that of General Jackson in
Inc foregoing extract. The organ of destyVrfire
ness Is unqucStionably the most prominent of his
Genealogical Developments. Like Nimrod, the
hunter, he is etcrnally in chase of game; and as
last as he destroys one Monster" he starts in
pursuit OF another. And unfortunately, this pas
'D''' IS constantly kept alive and innamed by his
'''p''heipied c0unseors, who, taking ADVANTAGE of
"'' 2feat vice of his character, make use of his
'""'e ana popularity to ruin Their enemies. and to
'''"oNe the obstacles which would otherwise OBJ
'""'' 'fer selfish and ambitious schemes. If any
''an doubts this, let him cast lis minds eve back
"" years. and find, if he can. since Gen Jack
:, >1'',' INTO power, any period of time when
""o'e weight Of the administration has not
''cn employed in cndcayorng to crush some in
''"'i ot some institution, which had become
0o'''A'o'S to It's chief or to his parasites and car
NJ such interval of hostility can be discov-
''eu The whole country has been kent in f..
,SrSh and militant state ever since the unfortunate
\, "''ca witnessed his Inauguration as the Chief
- OF the Republic " \ snow-crowned
''''"a crammcd with fires" the crater. has been
''o'''h' and continual agitation, oy.rllowinu the
''"'r5 with burning lava and a,lIe~.
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13

M H. DANIEL T.. DAVIS: Take notice. that
u shail, on the 10Th day of September, 1885, at
the Franklin Hotel IN the town OF L,nchbnre mo-
c'ed to take the dispositions of William " lts,nlcr
and others, 10 be read evidence in SUI. depending
i'll the circuit superior court OF law and chancery fot
the county OF Campbell. in which | am complain
ant ami you and Others defendants
DANIEL ". WILLIAMSON
Aug. IL wIs,
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13

When saw General Jackson at Washington
N the first year OF his administration, | felt sim
cetc wish that it might be successful and happy.
I had hopes, mingled indeed with fears, that he
would surround himself with liberal and cnllght-
encd men, as Washington had done that with
these he would consult and advise, and that the
low, novelling, natcrlng Sycophant, ever ready to
Gut mischief in his head, thing unfortunately but
TOO easy, woald be kept at distance. 1t is well
known that in al his prominent and Objectionable
measures he acted in opposition to hi, constitu-
tonal advisers To how many acts which they
dsapproved, they were obliged 10 give seeming
assent and support, We know not. Ny fust inter-
view with him showed clearly that his ruling pas
SION was the samc--the passion for hunting down
10 destruction some object OF his peculiar hatred.
An unfortunate individual then eneros scd lis
whole thoughts Ia could neither speak nor
7 think Of any thing else. That unfortunate indi-
yldna wa5 ticn in the hands of the law and ii WAS
beneath the high station of the President to think
/ any thing more OF hin. He had done enough for
public justice ; more than this was the thirst of
,eneence. lie would have Frustrated the courts
IN hIs lmpatiCncc, 10 see HIM g rotting in dun
econ. To pursue the subject OF this unhappy
vndieyc temper, by way Of parcnthc>is, and
somewhat out OF the order of time in my story
when next sawt the GeneraI.h c was hunting down
the statesman of the South, to whom he was
mainly indebted for his Southern vote, and who
: had been, in other days, his Naenus ApoHo.
While in pursuit ofhi, prey every thing else was
iorgoton-eycn his deep and indelibIe hate to
Crawford He INDUCED in the strongest express
slons against Mr.. Calhoun, while he spoke of an
other statesman in term, most bland. . Mr. Van
Buren, (said beg is the most candid, the most
frank, the most unambitious man in the universe.
Emo Oh enough thoueht /, ready to cxcaim,
Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-08-13

4 " Ap2EG ,rI1sCy; vii! b, taAen a, this
\ p'cH to !a7i, tie Printing Business il INN I
I1tr 1pI, - y i..t'r
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05
CANCEhy

find ID 81 d5t 81 iiiie;iiiisg geeeraHu
VBNilE subscriber respectfully informs the inhabitants
,A of Richmond and vicinity, who may wish his aid
that he has become competcnuy acquainted by the in
strucons from the celebrated DR. Lynch of New York
city, to cure that formidable and fatal disease dcnom
mated Cancer, without the of knife or caustic but
eected IN the same way and manner practised by Dr.
Lynch who has met with unparalleled in the
flstua-As the subscriber is here now from the CITY of
New ork, any person wishing be cured of the above
named complaints will please apply immediately to
HIM, at the Mansion House, Main Street
Richmond, Jan.6 w. w MARSHALL.
Certificate from DR.. Lunch.
do hereby certify, that DR. W. w Marshall has been
under my instruction, and assisted me in my business
winch is attending to Cancer complaints and the art of
heeaIrg, generally. He is using my medicine
think Unacceptable and worthy the confidence of those af
flicted. d. LYNCH.
The subscriber refers to Mr.. Day of Manchester Mr.
GiapG Mr. James Caskie, Archibald Thomas and Mrs
r:zekas DAVIS Main Street, Richmond Mr.. Benjamin
IarrsSAs of Berkeley.
All letters must be postpaid. w w NJ
January z, 1884. 74-wtf
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

NEECIIANlCS WANTED.-The subscriber has two
1fM new and comfortable shops rent out well cal
culated for shoe and boot-makcr ard a tailor with a
decent little dveing-other out-houses ard gapden
tached to eaci-at his and beautiful es, AAment
tya public "a central situato N ana 40 neSr
az gy in the ower country abosnding in wood, water
and the various ftnFLes from We salt The steam
boats running from Baltimore TO Frederick sbnrh mass
within mile or two, twice week, that any article
that either of these markets afford can be got at any
Also, good blacksmith is much WANTING Tho snbscr;
Der would prefer hiring buying one tat could be re-
commended for honesty sobriety and knowledge of his
trade FOR such one, immediate necessity compels him
TO say, that lac would give than he is worth let
ter oeher of the above subjects, directed the sub
scrber, huntsville Lancaster County Virginia. will be
promptly attended TO. VIM B MI1'CUEiJ
Jan. IL. 70 ,y2,
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05
'Twemsy-tilirsi Congrcss---sd. scss.
From tho Globc.l
GENERAL POST OFFICE

NENEKAL POST OFFICE.
76srdct Of The Report Of .MtSSrS GnuYDY and RopIs-
SON, made TO tie Senate Mc 27h al.
At the last session of Congress, a great difference of
opinion existed between the majority and minority of the
Committee in relation TO the financial condition of the
Department The majority supposed, that on the first
day OF April last the deficit in the means of the Depart
men to meet ITS engagements, amounted $500 567
except old balances prior TO first October, 1887 The
minority supposed the deficit to be 5000 100 AZ cents
These several opinions founded estimates fur
nished by the Department. The committee in Septem,
Der last came to determination to ascertain the true
aancIai condition of the Department on that day from
actual calculation, and for that purpose two skil
countants were employed who have been assiduo,mly
engaged since that time, but have not log liable to re-
port to the committee the result of their
rom detailed statement Of the hnaI rnslcd
". ~ INC department 10 the committee, it hat
kile LIST day of April, 1884, it was inds md its
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

from the Ist }of September 1899 .cen,%nr
1888 at the rate of $500 ca per quarter more than the
service performed entitled him to-
The route from Baltimore to Chambersburr was hid
oil by James Reesde at 500 year the mail TO be car
red IN four horse post coaches daily. He had also made
another proposal which made his departure from Bolt
more dependent the arrival Of the steamboat
mail from Philadelphia, and to arrive at Chambersburg
on the same day, connect with the Phadclnhs
and Pittsburg line, for 495 year He was directed 70
comply with the last proposal When the service com
menced, the Philadelphia line arrived ut Chambersburq
at 10 o'clock, r. NJ This made it necessary that the Bn
timore mail should arrive at o'clock, r. M according
to tie schedule agreed on. When change was after
wards made in the Philadelphia line so that the mail ar
rived at Chanbersburgat from to (, A. NJ there was
for the increased expedition in the line from
baltimore 1t does not appear that the mail on this route
Uron baltimore to Chanbersburg) has been transported
with any regularity
The route from SleadylIe to Becfonle, Pennsylvania
mas bcen again examined and far relates to the
original DS and contract the minority refer to s re-
port at the last session No reason is seen upon reex
animation to doubt its correctness Il is stated in adj
dition to it, that the late Postmaster made nm
extra allowance OF $500 year the contractors on that
route, for an Improvement ordered by him. This order
was Tor one year The present Postmaster encral re-
neweu the order Tor the same and same service
Mr. John Bennett acquired interest in a small print.
ing establishment at Mcadvie; bnt from an impartial
view of all the testimony, the minority think tbor is M
foundation for the slightest imputason against the de-
partmcnt in regard the allowance the contract
OF the newspaper establishments at Meadvillc
For the transportation of The mail on rop, ~. I2I3
au io IRON Ggm G 81 March ls3o viii p
side carrying the mail three times a week in four
noTse post coaches price per quarter 81 1875 On tho
2oth OF February, 1888, the was directed 10
run d1iy az an allowance pro rata amounting in all to
$500 per quarter On the LIST of December 1893 the
last order rcscnded, and one month EXTRA nav Al
lowed The department has paid regularly 81 25 Der
quarter according to the original contract and also The
sum oil Z454 % Tor the extra service which was order
ed ON the 2Jth Of February 1888 The tesnonv slov,s
that the original contract was not complied with in the
first year, in the mode of transportation the mail Iov-
ing been carried horseback a large proportion or
the time. There is no evidence showing that the
Postmaster General apprzcd of the failure 70
execute his ORDER and although the contractor may
not have been informed that his agents had moi
executed 4he directions which he had given TO them
stll justice requires that the allowed for exra
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

~ OTtCE.-Thcre committed to the Jail of the
county of Charlotte the 9th October 1884 as a
runaway negro man, who calls himself Dick Arthcrz
ana says that he Is free man, from Hartford co. N c.
lie is stout built, dark mulatio fellow about fee,
inches high The Of there be any is requested
10 come ana prove ms property pay charges and take
him away, or he will be dealt with as the law Direct
VIM. SMITH, Jaiior, {. e.
Dec. IL, 1901. G1-tvrin
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05
POETRY,

:.
The WcllSS /Vack are unkcaSelVl
Place, sineeurc, zen ION To ;iu.,
Iaativy IL called, s,aunch Hciouners are ruzzlcd,
How snuied was the gninc la the lind.
They the Wings have unoarthed, the game in sight
The pack in full cry for the goal;
The grcSt Captain lcads with sportsman. delight,
His manner odd AS 'tis droh
lie cnac,s both the hunsu,an and exc whpper-n,
And tho Tory bred Bcoglcs obcy
They quick ofthc sccn--lark they make a lnc din,
As the prize full in view they survey.
What glorious yclpins they make in the chase,
Sinceurc, place and pension To gain,
They cen distance tho wind IN the swit-footcd
OF his Groce--what prey hunting train!
The huntsmen he means TO take charge ofthe pack
is the rich Cotton latonut Peel,
Who viii have the Great Captain hinsclfa lis back
When the hounds to grand efforts he'd stecl.-
Namely hunt both the Wings and the Radicals down.
Who'd the State undermine, and the Church;
Nay, diminish the jewels that garnish the crown,
Ani Conservatives lcnve in the lurch.
Tentivy. the Wellington pSck are abroad,
Unmuzzl they yelp in the field
Death 10 Radicals, Wings that tracked rod
RON such bruns who'd venture shield.
When Peel Ia a horseback and Wellington too,
Laek-a day for the game in the way!
srowl from the hero of famed Waterloo
Would an army Of Liberals sny.
Aud when ia nj the death, and the spoils shared
What a Toast for the Wellington bcagles,
lhSy wal ere as Tor years OF duh lcn they've cared
They will pounce their quarry like cnylc-.
Bob Peel full IN oiice--his kennel TO feed,
Keep In humor win take special care.
Nlia Reiorincrs themselves may 20 hang up indeed.
Al Reforms sad mishap in dcspair.
[Lsndoa True Sun.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

& agah khWARD.-Ran away on Saturday niglt
- AsV the 9th inst, from the former reed,ncs ~
Joseph Matthews, deceased, late Of Nelson connfo VI,
Negro man named Moses, about thirty years If
age i've feet six OF seven inches bigh b. - s 9 "
ms right eye IS tocraby good shoemaker had on ard
sook with him considerable quantity Of clothing ft
's,ouuIy iseo'SctcdD he can read tolcrably we'll and
oeayor 70 GIT 10 free State The above reward vlibe
gwen Tor experimenting and securing said rnnayyav h
charges paid if brought home
JOSEPH q MATTHEW'S
- CD y on cf yos f.ff5s,,s IN
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

VHVHE subscriber offers for sale his Farm in the lower
III end OF Henrico county, containing more than six
hundred acres. There attached to this tract about
seventy-fve acres of swamp land of superior quality
the greater part of which is cleared and well drained
and adapted 20 the growth of wheat corn oats and
grasses and about % acres of which, well set in IL
nothy and herds grass. There is mari in the neghbor
hood of this farm and has been recently discovered
on it, of supposed good quality Being anxious TO dis
pose of this property, will sell bargain
also offer for SALE my stock of cattle sheep hogs
horses mules, and oxen farming utensils wagon carts
NC, &c-all, OF any OF which, will sell privately
Should not make sale before the 10Th OF December
next, will offer publicly, in addition to the above INV
household and kitchen iurnturecrops of corn fodder
oats, hay, NC, &c, at my present residence Terms
o. sale. q. NJ. KEESEE.
September 80. 42-wtf
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

Dcorgc w. and Sarah powuman, Ccmplts
against
John Downinon and Harriet j his wife Thomas
W. Ednionjs and A. .. his wife, Jas. r. Bali Jane n
Downman William ID. Montague, Richard b. Robert
VIM o., julius and l.ittlctnn ID. Mitchell, Dcils.
Ihs day came the plaintiffs, in this cause and upon
hearing their bill and cxhibts in this cause the Court
doth order. that the defendant VIM d. Montague who
is not an inhabant Of this Commonwealth be- r,ouirs
10 appear here the frat day next March Term To
shew cause, Il any nc can, why the lands OF which Jas
w. L. Downnlan died seized aud possessed living and
being IN the couny OF ancastcr should not be divided
according TO the prayer csthc Conplainan,s bill and that
copy oil this order be published in some newspaper
Puosheu IN tne City OF Richmond for eight weeks sue
Chowning be appointed to for the ensuing year
the tract OF land called Moraco in said county having
that he take bond~nd security for the said rent and re-
port TO this Court his proceedings herein.
Jan. s. =, -
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05


efest III the contracts with the Department for
he supply of these articles clearly shown by the est
mony TO be without any foundation in fact
The conduct of the Postmaster at Lowell Mass; was
examined and nothing prejudcial to him is proved ex-
cep slight inatention duty which produced no in
jury to the public or individuals.
The connexon or interest which Mr.. o. B. Brown the
late Superintendent of Mail Contracts may have had in
mail contracts has been investigated and il appears
'thatltlJ anuary, 1892 he advanced $500 dollars TO Mr.
Edwin Porter for interest in the Orleans and Mobk.
route reservng the right afterwards elect whether it
should DC considered as money loaned advanced for an
interest IN the route MIR Brown stated when he adj
vanced the money that twas the money of Doctor Jack
SON. his siepson, and Mr. Brown in his testimony
that the election reserved was to be exercised by
the whole transacton .wos for his benefit
IL also appears from the testimony of Mr. Porter that
MT Brown aterwardsvadyanced $500 dollars which he
sad belonged TO DR. J9cksOns estate for an interest in
the route from fredericksburg to the Natural BRIDGE in
Virginia that at the end ofthe first year after this mo-
Iey was aevaneed Mr.. brown suggested, that he had
concluded was wrong for him. in any way TO be con-
cerned in mail contracts and therefore he would consider
the money first advanced Loan and Mr. Pores paid
n 1000 dollars for the interest in the last Fa;ed CON
tract and the interest of the mon for one wear
and Dir Porter gave Ills for the 800 dollars dated
back at the time when the money advanced and
gave his netc for the 800 dollars taking account -
.shc one years interest.
Mr. Brown admits tie advances Of the money but 70
IT was entirely FOR the benefit of Doctor Jackson and ~
ter his death for the benefit Of his heirs that thes rans
actions took place, and that the 1O00dolars paid 10 him
by Porter was gTatuiy for the benefit Doctor Jack.
sons heirs, and has been applied by him.
The committee Of opinion, that all such transact
IONS whether Tor tie beref of the Individual himscl,
or others, wholly improper and nadnigs, and
their repetition cannot be too Tigdv dardcu against
and Mr. Brown himself apgGi,. 70 nave come to the
70 the account of James Reside he appeared to be
created with the sum of $4,000 on account Of draG
drawn by him on tile Department and accented b,, +,
Tor the purpose of raising money for its use There wa,
no corresponding charge against him in the account f
hshea' In the Investigation ofths subject Mr. Brown
yintentonally, no doubt stated in his testimony tbat
me eSat was for six months, and that the time had
ROT arrived wifeDthe account made out when The
charge could be properly made against Reside The dra
not having been paddy the Department lie afterwards
voluntarily corrected hrs erF0Fy and produced the orig
aal drait winch was payable at thT6enoDhs instead Of
nate ana Tor the same amount, eachoIe drawn bg Rec
side ana endorsed BY Stockton and one drawn bytoc
ton and endorsed by Roesidc-and that in toakino
she original memorandum - zEls..I =
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

lna. ''o ucpnty at the termination Of
eSo l1ute DC furnished with copies Of the schedules
oo,.g ne 'lhes OF arrival and tkparturcs Of all mails
at iS once ana any alteration nadc by the depart
I. o. ne ZINC Of arFfoi Or dep5 Of any mail At
cd Of The same.
That Il shall be the duty Of eacl deputy Postmasor
TO immediately notify The Departments Of every failure ~
any contractor, 90 deliver the mail Al the
specified in the schedule furnished
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05
FOTgEBasN.

fsDhr ertracts byne packet Jsited Sfofes
Lord Lincoln, the Of the Dukeof Newcastle aud
Lord sornont, who declared tho great neetipg ~
Norwich twelve days ago 'het he olgays had violent
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

Nm CHANCERY-VRcINIA. Nottoway County
T. Court 4th December, 1884:
Sally Harper widow and rclct of Edward Unrncr
I'd, Robert S. Flippin and Nancy his wife Creed r.
Harper, and John T.. Harper. pIaIntiffs
against
Newton M Harper, in his right and as admins
traitor OF Edward Harper, dec d, and James r. Joel G.
Jesse ID and Mary A. Harper, infants by the said New
ton NJ Harper their guardian nd Item and John Avery
and Elizabeth his wife, formerly Harper, Dens
This day came the plaintiffs by their counsel and fled
Their bli-and the defendants John Avery and Elizabeth
his wife, not having entered their appearance and given
security according to the Act Of Assembly the rules
OF inns Cour-ahd IT appearing, by satisfactory evidence
that tey are not inhabitants of this countryH is order
cd That the said defendants do appear here on the first
day OF the next March term and answer the bill of the
plaintiffs and that copy Of this order be forthwith in
serted in some newspaper published in the city of Rich
mond or iowa of Petersburg for two months successive
~ and posted at the front door of the Courthouse of this
county. A Copy Tcstc
Dee. 20. [G5-w8wsl 4. FlTZGERAID q e
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-02-05

M AMIED, for tlie present year, sober. asos5v
~ Nagoner-ApPly AZ The Office Of The Richmond
--l-.- ~. -. Eff