Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1835-11-10

til questions; and tie abors undertaken by each.
Quoted under reciprocal nrndence, and subject
to general discussion have afforded The materials OF the
Report which submit TO you IN the Name Uf the
whole Committee.
begin By laying before you an account Of the facts.
Which, nave given og:n to the claims now advanced by
the A!ncrca!S
Liberty Of Commerce and Navigation 10 The Neutral
Powers has been aiwn IS proclaimed by France. She has
constantly stipulated H. since the treaty OF Utrecht in
which this Liberty for the first tim" recognized: and
she made it condition Of the Treaty OF Commerce and
Arty concluded in the montl Of February: l11S, w!,h
tie new Government oflhc United STATES This treaty
(7r!cirs 23"nd q gave The authority oil positive Con
"enti1n TO the two great maSms OF national !1" VIZ
that tie Tng corrrs tie propsr rrcrW be f0"'rItHnd u
and ta tic rrSsr!S n ncHfrH porcrs mny rnr FREE
JIOeIads. ''''' '''' '''''' - ' 80 ~ " ,''''
These rules were not long obscrycL In The
casioncd by the Revolution, England set the example Of
their violation and France followed it,. The long mis-
understanding Lr,v:"oa the United S.aes and France,
which the result Of these rination- was t.r;nua ted
by the convention of September }0h, 1870 This con-
rru!ion rr.estab!shed. far the two powers
concerned the rules which protect the liberty Of
trails By It's l2li article, " the citizens Of either
try might sail with their ships and merchandise Contra
band goods always excepted "Ith perfect security and
liberty and from the ports and places of enemies TO
the other party without an? opposition or disturbance,
watrYer, unless such ports and places should be actual
! y bl"ckadrd: bcsicged. Or invested
! The 18th article SAYS
VrsS"!" have
freedom for their goods and that every thing found
board vessels belonging 10 citizens of ci:hrr Of the
contracting parties: shall be deemed free even though
tie whole carg" or any part OF it, shout! belong 10 the
enemies OF either rnrds contruband of being ho
ever always excepted.
In order coipe;r this chI-,e- to neutraS, the 18Th
article gives dinition Of contrnbdn& of by limit
ing i only 10 and munitions Of war; and tie 18th
article required merely the exhibition Of passports and
national certificates. for the recognition OF the neutrality
of and the VI contrdOand
| from lis cargo.
The Gases Df legitimate seizure being thus defined the
treaty established the forms by which the prizes TO
be tried BY the 22i ar,Ic., The Courts instituted for
prize could alone take cAnizancc Of them; the
sentences - b. accompanied by cxposioms OF the
motives which they were based. and an authentic
copy Of tie Judgment and proceedings was 10 be given
To the captain OF the vessel sZrd Such the rules
which were. in future. to cnsice friendship between the
two Powers. Being anxious 4: the sae TIME ;" arrange
the difficulties growing ont n their former inIsHnder-
standing, ;hr .:h article they agreed that property
captured AMI not du!l!v"!v condemned OF which might
b.. captured before the cyc!aige OF the Publications.:
should BE rccip!"ca!Iy restored.
Some cases u. nt!emaca.ioa Disc claimed each
side postponed by the lrS "i the ID article OF tie
treaty. t. con"en:"Et peri ID: but the American
SENATE whom the Constitutional San"tonnS o! lres-
ties belons demanded tie suppression OF this clause as
It alluded to the treaty oil February t, us wIsch the
United States would longer acknowledge to be III
farce declaring themselves cN1Gcracd By the nrattons
OF France The duration % this convention was n!tcG
to riu years. These qualifications ~erc accepted by
the First Consul, ('uonapart with the rcserratioo,
hnrver that BIZ the exclusion Of the article relative to
tic respective Claims vas understood tint each party
renouuct thea. However, Tic American Minister L!
Paris continued 10 prosecute, uniccrsSiuy The Claims
thus abandoned potpan"d, until the near approach! OF
rupture between France ana England cccasoicU Iieil
| recognition.
The FIRST Consul Bonapare, by Inc treaty Of San Il!
Iof"":". OCT l3On had obtained ftom Spain: the ~
az. OK sending troops take at that colony,
l.. suddenly determined To ccLc /, 10 the nItrd States;
Lv so DONG. he took from, England all hope OF scisns 1t
in case OF with France and moreover the advance
cnt of the United States part OF his policy, in Or
der tist ;cy n.ig a councr to the pow
cr o: Great Dt;!an (Set History q Lousiaau, by the
Ua.Gais tic Bnrbe .hHr4r!S.J
Tj. rc.sico was cnn.ludrd IN the Both Of April lS3;
the United States pay eighty millions OF francs
70. louisiana. a; which, however, they were to retain
twenty millions. account OF the CHAINS vi their ct
zls arainst France anterior - The Convention oi iep
JnLr,c;rn;y OF the price 81 cesson commercial adj.
vanasrs we're stipulated for France. Th: Ith article OF
the rca;r assured 70 French vessels cunning directly
from France or is colonies and laden entirely "h Tic
productions Of those cUrntE!es Tie same treatment as
rc, vessels in n! The ports @! the territory ccdrd
for The Spree Of twelve years. And the 9Th article pro-
,i.d that forever after the expiration Of the sad twelve
years French vessels should he received in the ports o.
ouis2ua Oh the footing oil the most favored nation
J This Treaty. had scarcely been sgn"d. wien war
brotc ont between France and England; and the rene 81
al Of us;iles exposed neutral Hays t'te effects OF Vio-
lent measures For the success I" the operations U! otf
suadrois il requisite that SECRECY should De PIE
,ryrd with regard u their movements Secrets of tils
kind we're in danger Of hrnE betrayed by any v"sSci,
wh.rr .nr,nvs or neutral. winch the SQuadrons n!'Est
meet on t!c route; the nava! COMMANDERS ''efs l''
fore ordered /, burn sink every merchant vrSSe VIE
tier neutral or belong! TO an enemy winch might re-
veal the secret of their cours, promising III te Sa'c
iimr 10 indemnity tn. Owners =: nruTa! vessels
Illustrations If the EmpCr0r -nLp0iron TO 1amHnt bS-
si,s:v ir,rG ne 20M c rratrcni. ycar NIL Cfh JnHc,
ISIS anal t0sc of the Minister II hnriae 10 7dmirat IT.
mint of the d -ur<sidcr (Jpnc 22dJ Of same y'nrl
Whilst France thus committing upon neutral YES
sells acts Of violence which excused ny necessity
and l.. the promise Of rcpa:lun England, faithful 10
,yjs yyh. the d2l!ars OF all civilized (p0'tcccsJ ma
,i,nS have never induced her completely to aand"n vas
inpis;ng upon Tie CATION and commerce oI heh'A'S'
r.,r ric,iIns ia.iv increasing IN severity
On the 2lIh Of June: lSi'. an order OF Tie BF''lsh
Cunc restricted the direct commerce between rr''rcs
and h.r colonies On the J!l al january e!i All c:er
n e ur. d,clarcd the Isles Of uadai"npc Martinique,
I'D C-,rao in state o.. biorkade Tive SYSTEM OF tic.
,i,;,us LL,c,at!, va: afterwards applied 20 c"'tchai
Fr,uce On the LOLA Of May ,ilG All order IN Connc''
declared The coasts OF the French Empire From the Lido
10 Bccst IN Il state Of blockade.
III. Emperor Napoleon considered himself at liberty 20
crn,lny against his enemy tic means WHICH NC GIG '4
play and I" make rep.s!ls - re urn 'Hi
inv of the earliest ayes OF hiroa'shS Nn s''e -'s u
Nrvc,nlsr lcl;j the Berlin Decree was issued.
This Decree attacked equally the con'ne,ce o. N''a'
Britain and that o: nrutf:s 1y iic % aho 1'i'
every thing belonging" British supef': sno a. ~ .
Gaming rr.In England. made go"d pr!z. ~ t"e
- ,rJ S,I 4 RI, cies the British Islands were &C.
CARED in STAT. OF blockade tie ports Of France were
': I" every v-i coming d'ecty t:"., LIZ
land or its colonies which bad visited either se '.s
nubIica,ou of the Decree; ard on asc"'eF' % d" 81
,',n f., cvas this intrrd,con BY false declaration
t" vessel and crrso were be .zed and co"sca'ed as
Being British property b AI;e f, g. court uO w"s a.
slitu;cd 1t Parts ana a''o'i.e' " ''''-'' W. ~
On the appearance g the Berlin Decree, Nh Arm
,,r The Minister of tue United States. became alarm
"J far the neutrality OF the American flag, winch hat