Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1835-04-30

PLOUGIJING.


OF agricultural operations ON the manner IL
which his is performed depends the facility of exc
eu'lhs all succeeding operolons on tho same plect
OF lend.-Thc manual operation If holding the
plough IN proper position md directing The nor.
sss OF cattle which draw II al the same time is onl
at1"rsd by experience when once ATTAINED !,
Hpc'iihps ono OF the most ssrcesble mud healthy
OF agricultural exercises, tho body being kept No.
right, Tho arms ami i,ss Being brought INTO action.
also Tho mind To keep the fuuow straight. and of
''saor width and depth, and the voice to speak to
The borses
1sf" AGess7R poiai, feqHUe particular atc,..
no" '" ff-rg6tag 1T The breadth Of The slice
- oseui; I'd, lis dcl, and 81 the degree in which
II " 70 be turned over which last circumstance
sepends both upon the construction Of the plough
particularly the mouldboard and the care Of The
plsusknnn.
1af 6,sadA aud depth II The htrofe sliee are re-
gulased by jalicioasly placing the draugh, on the
noo1e or birdie OF the plough setting it SO as 10 90
more or less land or breadlh OF slice accor,ltng as
may ne dcsrsd. ia general, the plough is 50 reg.
u'afed that, u leh 10 Itself, nrd merely kept nom
tNng over, IT void cul hltle broader and n little
deeper than Is required. The coulter is ais, placed
with snn,e inclination towards the left or l.pi side
aud The point OF this sock or share has sllgh tea.
dsnoy downwarJs.
1ae degree 10 ,c4iet nc furfoe atcc turns ore,
- IN great measure d, termiued by the proportion
between Iis breadth and deplh which for general
purposes Is usually as } is To :, or v hen the fur
low 10 inches broad II ought to bc 6 inches in
der'h When the slice is cut in this promotion. !,
"'i DC nearly halt turned overor recne at an angle
OF 10 degrees anil Il field so plouehed will have
rs ridges cngodnally ribbed into angular drills or
H's' lets But If the slice is much broader in pro
portion TO It's depth, j viii be almost completely
overturned, or let ary fat with it's original sur
TACO dowrwards; and oaeh successive slice will
oe somewhat o,e,lapped by that V hch is turned
over Immediately before II. And finally when Il =
dcp'h m'erially exceeds the width, each furrow
see VIII tall over On It's side, leaving all the oflgi-
nal SUFFICE bare, and only LAID somewhat obliootv
10 the horizon
Ploaghins mas ne BREATH and dtptA nea,lu IN
t' proportion ~ three 10 tpo, is best ADAPTED for
laying up subble land after harvest, when II is To
isna'" during The winter exposed TO the melody
ing hhuencc oil frost preparatory 10 lallow or tut
nips.
no shallow furrow of considerable width IA f ve
inches IN depth by eight or nine vide is unde rsood
10 answer best for breaking up old leys, because il,
covers up the grass turf, and does no, bury the ma
turcd soil.
i'iongh'ng with the depth Of the furrow consider
soy exceeding the width, Is mos, Improbable and
use'es'y slow operation, which ought seldom or ne.
yer to be adopted
The most generally useful breadth Of n furrow
s''cc Is from eight 10 ten inches and ihc dcph which
ought 10 be- seldom less lhun four inches exoent in
coils uncommonly thick and e,te. When il IS no.
tessary to SO deeper for carrots and some other
deep rooted plants trench ploug hing msy be piy
On oy means OF second plough following the same
furrow
Siaftoc ploagiing ough, always to be adoped
alter tdrnips arc eaten on the ground tha, tho mn,
nufo may not be buried too dcep-and also in COW
snng unexpectedly il the ground hiss been pul.
verzed by following. because it naturally tends to
SINK IN the soil.-ln plongbng down farm ward
oung, " is commonly necessary TO 20 rather dccr
iha' no part OF the manure may be left exposed ia
the atmosphere In the first ploushing for faow
or green crops II is advisable TO work as de,p as
possible, ana no great danger is to be apprchended
though small portion or the soil be AT ihst ,n,c
brought to the surface.
lhe Jarrow atees arc generally distributed into
varying IN breadth according TO circumstances
"ose are called ridges or lands and arc divided
from ono another by cutters, or open furrows
Those last serve as guides to tho hand and eve Of
Tue sower, TO the reapers, and also for the epnca.
"oh OF manuros IN regular manner In soils of n
sirong and reient7c nature, or which have wet
close sub soils, these burrows serve likewise ne
grams Tor carrying of the surface water and beino
cleared out after The land is sowed and narrowed
have the name of ~oter- ttrroms.
Ridges are not only different in breadth bu, arc
raised more or less in the middle on d,feren, .ols
On clayey retenive soils, the erea, point 10 be a,
tended 10 is tie discharge of the superfuous water
But narrow ridges or STITCHES Of fom three to 6v,
ises are not approved of in some Of the best cu,iva
% countries In these breadth of fifteen or cioh,
cen feet, the land raised by two gatherings of IN,
plough Is most commonly adopted for such soils
such ridges being thought more convenient for ma
nuring sowing, narrowing and reapins than mar
row ones; and the water is drained Off oui,c ,s .,
fsctually. - 10 y
Hsdgss on dry porous turnip soil NAV he G,, n,
% much hfoader; and were it no. for their use /
0iteeung The labortrs, may be and sometimes mr.
dispensed with altogether. They are often tbir,y
" th'ry-six feet broad, which in Scotland are :.
i.o han-rin ridges, because repeated by band
snsa!ers' commonly six, served by one binder If
% wished to obliteraie the intermediate furrows N
may DC done by casting up u narrow ridgelc
srs'nsie bout ridge between the two broad ridoe
wn,ch y afterwards levellcd by the harrows.
Ire mode ~ forming ridges strut and nj am
iorm breadth, is as follows let US snnnosea &,
PERFECTLY level that is to be laid Off into RIDE
any detcrminabIe breadth The bes, plongb,n,
ss'ens'ns TO the farm conducts tic operation W.;