Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1835-01-07
From the London NeW Monthly Magazine.
REVOLUTIONS OF THE NINE TENTH
CENTURY,

not exclusively. Its object is to bring before
the eve a brief review of the wonderful change
which has taken place in governments, institu-
tons, manners, arts, sciences and manufactures
since the year 1880. The result of such re-
view in itself by no means undressing will
be, in our opinion. conviction that never was
30 much done, in the ane space ui time, since
the world began, especially as those revolutions
more particularly relate 10, and effect Britain
and British society.
Before we bring this inquiry to bear directly
upon our own circumstances, aud the position
Of our own country in the scale oil European
nations, il may be necessary u take d cursory
view Of other states, aud the alterations which
their characters and constitutions have under
gone during the last thrty-four years.
In France, at the commencement of the CEN
tury. there existed Consular Government
Bounaparte being First Consul-a Government
raised upon the ruins Of sad and memoia-
bic revolution; in 1902, Bounaparte became
Consul for life; in 1894, nperor; lSOS, he de-
prived the Pope, who crowned him ot MS terri
fories; in 1909, he divorced his wife; in S1O he
married Marie Louise. Between thecommence-
ment of his career and its close he created three
Kingdoms, Bavaria, Saxony and Nuremberg
fIe made his brother Joseph, King of SPAN; his
brother Louis King of Holland; his brother Je-
rome. King of Westphalia; his brother-in-aw
Murat, King Of Naples, and his son 'in-law Eu-
gene, viceroy of Italy. Facts astounding In
revolutions o. the present century, as connected
with France and its Emperor, than us exhibit
iny The generality of revolutions as to the other
mali ms In which those family promotions were
made.
Keeping our eye then upon France, we see
in 1911 The exiled and renounced Bonroons re-
stored 10 their throne-RuSSian cosSacks oiVou-
nc m the Champs Elysees, and English SOL
d,ers mo mt guard at the Tueries-bounapafte
is b,nished To Elbe-his family are deihroned
AMI ,legraded-fromE,lb e he escapes ana returns
10 Paris; is again in the ascendant; reiSns iof
his Hundred DAYS, and then, by series OF VIC
tories crowned and consummated by that OF w d.
tsrloo is beaten down never to rise again: una
HE to escape he makes merit OF surrenderlng
IN England and for the sake of peace IN Eu-
rome is sent TO 81. Helena, where he dies. on
his departure the Bourbons again succeeded
Louis XVIII dies at a good old age in his palaces
and Is succeeded by Charles X. The son OF the
M do Rerri murdered before his infants birth,
IL heir oresumptive tn the throne-a new revo-
mtion breaks out-Charles Y. abdlcates-hIS
ministers are tried and imprisoned Tor liir-tbe
throne is occupied by his nephew, as Citizen
King ofthe French: the son OF Bounapartc oles--
the widow Of the Due de Bern Is lmprisonen-
marries n second husband-has another child
and France. altogether in the slrictest alliance
with England her oldest and most inveierae
enemv is only kept from new revolution by
the infiinching severity oil the '!iDerai hihg VINO
was forced upon the throne by the last one
All these events have occurred during TINS Gen.
fury.
In Portugal. after the measures of the French
had driven the Prince Re ent and his family TO
th., Brazils the English rescued that country
from French tyranny. In 1921 the King (as he
had then become by the death oi his iatherl re-
turned to his throne; in 1920, his eldest son. Don
Pedro, formally dissolved the union be weeh Bra
Gil and Portugal, and caused himself tn ne pro-
a n RrnZIl
in 1926. when Don Pedro Claimed the crown OF
portuyal for his daught.' Donna Maria; Don
M;uuel second son of Jnha, c,dmed the throne
as Inc law Of the Land and the decree OF Lame
90 warranted. In the meantime, the reVoiu'ioh
occurred in Brazil, and the Emperor look !"
S;rht His SON a child is now the Emperor
The struggle between the brothers is too famllar
IN need a word ofremark, the claim OF Don Pc
dro for his daughter is al present successful ana
Donna Maria, child, occupies the portuguese
throne. ,eo. ,,.,
compelled by France to take active measures es
against England; in 1904, she declared war
aSainst us; in 1905 Nelson with his hearrs-oiood'
houghtus the glorious victory Of Trafalgar, IN
which the Spansh feet, combined with that oi
Erance. was destroyed; in lSOS, Bonnaparte
threw offthe mask as to Spanish affairs; Charies
Nv. abdicated, and Ferolnano vi. T sW
nroc,aimed AT this period Charles Nv.
ras induced TO throw himself for safety on bou-
naparte's kindness. Then it was that bouna-
nsrte invited Ferdinand to come and meet him
on his road to Madrid-the King was deceived
and went-he arrived at Victoria, where ne was
surrounded by French troops, and where ne re-
ceiyed a letter from Bounaparte, addressed 10
him, mot as King, but as Prince OF Astrlns, as
suring him that he, Bounapar'e, not only as ms
f-;snd hut as the general protector and oenetac-
TOR oG Europe, was visiting Spain merely with
a view TO make such reforms as might be most
agreeable to the popular feeling and best teno
20 the modification Of the country:
TInon the receipt of this friendly compnnica-
,on Ferd nand continued his journey to Bay
none' where he dined with his illustrious friend
and patron; and. after dinner, heard IRON e11 ms
imperial host that he thought it good to NIL the
throne of Span by placing ONE of his own bro
,hers on il. Ferdinand found himself in fact
prisoner. and was shortly alter compelled TO re-
,.rsssed in the prcse nee Of Buonaparte himself
f. whom that father had the day before sold his
Einccom and his birth-right for g stipulated sum.