Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1834-09-02


Union assembled BY their deputies in Convention, ,,he
call OF Congress. of thirds Of the states Let them
.e',ne 70 wmgn .Fy e'. 70 g,vs an authority claimed
wisdom aud felicity OF CONSTITUTIONS have provided
this peaceabe appeal, where that Of other is
See 2.-Legisiafipe Department
l. Is It possible TO subdvtie the Legsave Department
into two separate and distinct branches possessing the pow
OF mutual cheek aud con OIL without creating sepa
rate class in society which will attach itself one or the
other branch own peculiar re md there
by lay the foundation OF future order of privileged
tocracy? Its clear that in certain Constitutions of Go.
vernnen the two branches can be no ehsrt each
other. unless there be diversity OF Interest," but
long the basis of represe mt alton and the const
tuents be the there be community OF feelings
and motives In order Them to give full this div
sion OF power and TO that real check which alone
makes the two branches necessary in these Constitutions
the smaller and select body have con-
suen's separate class win an interest different from
that OF the other The people frs, mould the
--and then the government the people
2. The constituent parts Of u British Parliament are
the Kings majesty, sitting there his political capa
city, and The three Estates OF lie realm; The Lords spiritual
and the lords Temporal (Sho Sit together with the King
in one house and the Commons who by themselves in
another Aud the King aud these three Estates together
form the great corporation body polite OF the kingdom
10 highly necessary for preserving the balance of the
Constitution that the Executive power should be branch
though the WHOLE of the lie The total union
OF them, have SEEM would be productive OF tyranny;
the total dsuncton OF them, would in the end produce
the effects The Legislative would soon became TO
raoncal, by making continual aud gradual
~ assuming TO Itself the rights OF e Executive power
To hinder the fore ANY such eucro,cbneo,s The Kin
~ himself part OF the Parliament; aud, this is the
reason oil his being very properly therefore the
share oil legislation which the Constitution has placed in
the crown, consists In the OF rejecting rather than
Fesoiving this being sufficient The end pro-
posed.
s. In the United States all legislative powers ate vested
~ Congress WHICH consists OF Senate and House OF
Representatives Every hill which shall have passed the
House oil Representatives and the Senate SHALL before il
become law he presented to the President OF the Uni
ted SaIes II he approve lac shall sign not he
shall return it, with his objections, 20 that House which
IL snaii have originated H. alter conside
thirds Of that House shall gree pass the BILL il shall DC
sent together with the objection, the other House. by
which II shall likewise be re-considered and IL approved
by two-thrds of tina, House. it shall become law
a. lhe distinction OF rank and HONOR (says the Eng
dish Jurist is necessary in every we'll governed State
body of nobility is peculiarly nece sssry in our
mixed and compounded Consitu on order TO upport
the rights Of both crown and the peopIe Inv or,ni
barrier TO Withstand The of both In creates
aud preserves hatgradualscae dignity which
rom me peasant TO The prince; rising like pyramid from
broad foundation, aud diminishing TO point as rises
And since titles OF nobility thus edien, in State
II also expedient that their form an indie
pendent aud separate branch Of he-Le gisaure II they
were coniounded with the OF the people, and like
Them, had only vote in eecing Representatives. their
privileges would be borne down and overwhelmed
oy ne popular torrent which would et!ecuay level all
distinctions II is therefore, highly necessary that The bo
dy OF nobess'osld have distinct assembly distinct deli
beratloDs and distinct powers from the Commons"
o. In England, where the Feuda system as introduce
ed by conquest there two distinct classes people,
very opposite ~ irineeesis and opnionsthe conquer
Nors and te conqneredbe lord end the vassai Alter
generations OF slavery and oppression the people
nave at eig'h, succeeded in obtaining recognition OF
their tights, and participation 10 the affairs OF Govern
nent-their Interests are supposed be represented by
House Commons; but not " his annsren,
improvement OF condition, the wealth and power OF the
mobiles, their former masters still. prevail and what was
;a:ned by the direct manual bor Of The vasai -
now indirectly secured, but eAectuay and opp,es
syely by means OF taxation subject In America
there is no distinction OF classes, opposition of interest
i'm those who compose the comuuaity AN were
equal from HE beginning Nheu the sets his foot
upon our shores. he is Invested his robes aud becomes
plain ctlizenhe peasant oil burdens OF vassaI
age anu walks orIh as ireeman--AI have the civil
rights, the same political privilege euce the division
'of legislative power into two branches was not intended
20 represent two opposite interests in the unity but
for very different purpose.
g. The present Constitution compromise of couairt
Ing interests Many oil the States extremely Jealous
of the powers conferred tin, en-,
states "ould be pioeced unless there should be rowo
lnto ;he Cove nment itself, eficen check onEada
raj encroachmens. The legislative denarnent - ~
gained with view 20 tsat portsnt obirci 1ha Hons
'of Representatives. oiled with me MIXERS chosa lisa
ny e people each State, according certain rato.o
population but sill having regard TO Stale dvisions
ina' orsneh OF The Legislature, therefore, he repre-.
sentative OF the people oi the several States as rom
lated by this ratio. majority of that bsiv msy re-
present majority OF the people whcle bat moi ana
Ioy oil states IL is possible tha; they may pass laws
oeneheial TO mR GRITTY OF the people but rnons n IN,
S'aies as separate communities. But the Senate was in
Tended 10 prevent that evil he same Of So
tors IS alowedto all the States fti,oaI reW,to teor
or ropuaIonlhey chosen by their resnec,ive go
a. aa we're intended be the representatives Of
e states III eF corporate capacity. The Senate there
lore, represents distinct rog that Of ,e onse
OF representatives 1t Is sot-te Interest, However Of
PFusgeu Grass as IN England, bat the interest the States
az contra distinguished from that the whole comInuI
abe Senate Is the Representative of the people moi ne in
Hvduas Sntoi the people Oate States corporate
and civil capacity. " 'F''
Tins peculiar structure Of hes Senate has NOT alwsv
Deeh recognized and acted on by The history
oi me senate from the foundation government proves
at par lcuiar object OF its form has not generally
oeeh PuFsuea W asority Of those who composed it, and
tha IL mas sometimes been Of the most potent agents
IN destroying The rights OF The States majority Of the
senate has frequently consisted of Psry whose ohec
Is TO destroy the Federal character our Government
iase much political power tom the States make Con.
gress too much Ike the ,Btih ,Pariament-to cresie
a privileged class Of Aiislocracy and make The Sc
Daie the representative Of their Interests The yarios
powers with which they have been invested and The onq
nuraon oil uelr ohIce, and the their eIeco
nave essentially contributed 10 this character Grant i'm
auuO 10 lhesei Tie extraordinary immunity which has
iey Oeeh Claimed and exercised many Senators
IN NOT ooeyng The Instructions OF their Iegs
iaturesa principle, which is war with the yepyeeenf
zee sys'en and especially with Federal Government
mus making the Senator not much the Representatve
OF state, ss sn irresponsible individual and The com
peXon OF The Senate would become entirely anomslous
ana almost atIs'oerdtc SO muS potcer welded for so
0Hg time, by agents irresponsible to their constituents
representative, Federal GOvernmeDt-Tale the follow
ing as specimens OF the opinions principlos which
nave Deon maintained by. certain Senators: .
A. Nv hen theLegislanvs corps was divided thev ought
70 nave giyeH 10 the House Of Representatives oa Of
me population including all those no possessed the least q
property The Senators should have found their cousd
snts ~ he oler hall Of the citizens contaione all those
" no had tie most property"-H yNafsaaH
z is ~ desired TO secure both he Poor and The Rich .
me democracy and Che Afsocracy, against the hostile
psssohs or pider sniiPaibes Of each oher Then sepa