davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1833-03-14
From F2int's Lectures on Natural History.
AIR, ACOUSTICS.

In this lecture I shall consider the air
in some of its relations with physics, chem
istry, and natural history. The fluid, in
the midst of which we are always plunged,
and which preserves life and vital heat to
all beings, answers the additional impor-
tant purpose of rendering human thought
audible. Had not the air possessed the
capacity of sonorous vibrations, nature
would have been destined to perpetual ST.
lence.
We have ceased to consider the air, as
the ancients did, as one Of the simple IN
changeable elements. Though its particles
are too subtle to be apprehended by the
eye, it has not escaped the beautiful anal
ysis of Lavoisier and modern chemistry
We have remarked, that its principles have
been discovered. 1t has been decompos-
ed and recomposed, and its different phe-
nomena have become the basis of the most
valuable discoveries.
The ancient philosophers, Anaximines,
Diogenes of Apollonia, and Archelaus,
held air to be the entire principle of nature,
and even the Creator of all things. Their
visionary hypothesis was sustained by one
beautiful analogy. The Creator. like the
air, is invisible, and is known only by the
life he imparts, and the benefits he diffuses.
Air is the vehicle of sound, without
which the voice of sympathy and friend
ship would never have explained to one
heart what was passing in another. The
diffusion of sound is not like that of the
aroma of flowers to which it has been COM
pared. The flower wastes by diffusion ;
but the striking of clock takes nothing
from the body stricken. Ifyou touch the
strings of harp, their vibration commune
Gates a corresponding one 10 the contigu-
! Gus air. The aerial waves of vibration
spread like those of water, until the trem-
ulous movement reaches the tympanum OF
the ear: and sound is this vibration, as
perceived by the mind.
Ii hardly requires that you should pos
sess the temperament of poetry to imagine,
that in the air you possess multitude OF
sylphs, always at hand to convey your or
ders. Continually occupied in gathering
up your thoughts, as soon as you give vo-
cal nttcrance TO them, they sail away TO re-
peat it 10 the nearer. Such is their fleet
ness, that they traverse a thousand feet in
second. We may naturally view these
airy beings, as taking the color of tire
thought of the speaker. If your thoughts
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1833-03-14
EttrbfteIn Enquirer:
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Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1833-03-14
From -" Friendships Offering"
COURTSHIP,

sob Laura will nothing bring thee
Fer soften those looks Of disdan
Are Ahe songs OF affection sing thee
All doomed to be sung thee in vain d!
/ offer lhee, iairest and dearest,
A treasure the richest'I'm worth;
l offer thee love, the sincerest,
The warnest e'er glowed upon earth 2"
But the maiden, naughty look fnging,
Said, "Cease my compassion TO move;
For I'm not very partial TO singing!
And they're poor whose sole treasure is love y
My name will be sounded in story;
offer thee, dearest, my name:
have fought in the proud field Of glory!
Oh, Laura, come share in my fame!
i bring thee a soul that adores thee,
And loves thee wherever thou art,
Which thrills as lis tribute it pours thee
Oitenderness fresh from the heart.'
But the maiden said, 'cease to importance
Give Cupid the use of his wings:
All, Fnme's but a pItliul fortune
And hearts are such vaueless thingsn
sob, Laura, forgive, five spoken
Too boldlv!-nay turn not away
For my heart with affection is broken
My uncle died only to-day!
NV uncle, the nabob-Wlo tended
My youth with atfeconate care,
Aly manhood who kindly beirended-
Has-,lied- and-has-eft- me-his-heir !"
And the maiden said, "Weep not, sincerest!
My heart has been yours all along:
Oh! hearts are of treasures the dearest
Do, Edward, go on with your song.''
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1833-03-14


the mind, and which frequently requires
long and painful exertions, to produce a
meritolious result.
When men make able speeches, or COM
munications, on extensive and important
subjects, apparently on sudden emergen-
cies, it seldom or never happens, without
previous study and arrangements
Legislators generally commence making
memorandum and arrangements for de-
batting leading subjects, in which they in
tend to take an active part, as soon as they
are elected, or preparing for session.
The substance of the general arguments or
pIeadings in law, are not only familiar to
experienced lawyers, but they always make
notes and arrangements beforehand, of the
substance, at least, of matter for arguments
on important subjects.
Mankind are generally stimulated to ar
gument, by desire to gain information, to
convince others, or to display their learn
ing or talents, or to hear, themselves pirate.
An early habit of reasoning, philosophi-
cally, OIL useful subjects, and drawing prac-
teal conclusions, is often productive ofim-
portant benefits to the world Of mankind,
as we'll as to the individual thus early in
structed. The human mind, without being
early directed in this proper course, wan
ders, and becomes feeble and irresolute, or
wild and frivolous.
To ,rife or jest, in reply to serious or
just argument, evinceS want of decency,
and lack Of sense, as we'll as deficiency
in argument.
When men are desperately intent on OPP
position to the works or arguments of 9TH
ers, and are unable to point OUT any actual
error or deficiency in the same, they too
frequently forget the dignity and propriety
of their own conduct, by attacking the per-
son of the author, instead of his works. I
consider it is pretty good evidence that a
mans works are sound and good, when
those who wish to oppose them, have to
look somewhere else for something to satisfy
their hostility.
The members of such societies should
generally commit to writing the main sub
stance, at least, of their intended remarks.
They should always be permitted to read
all or any part of what they had to offer in
debate before the society.
Any society of young men, associated
for intellectual criticisms and improvement,
would derive great bene6, by reading their
own soritten essays, criticisms, or produce
tons on any useful subject; and also by
reading pieces of their selection from news
papers, books, or other publications with
a general freedom of numbers remarking
upon the same.
When legislators have retired a day or two max.
ing preparations for speech, it has sometimes been
hypocritcay reported or pretended, that they were
sick or indisposed! Addresses delivered at tables,
&C., generally studied and prepared beforehand,
Notwithstanding the parties would often contend they
were taken by surprise
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1833-03-14
PHILOSOPHICAL DEBATING SOCIETIES.


Philosophical debating societies, proper
ly arranged and conducted, are very i'm
portant, especially in free country. They
are schools of reason, where the human
mind is cultivated and expanded, and men
taught to arrange their ideas, and to speak
in public without dfidence or hesitation
and, above all, where men are learned to
govern their passions-without which no
man can reason. One may passionate or
Opini0nGte, but without cool and deliberate
reflection, men seldom compare things cor
rectly; and reasoning is simply compar-
ison of proved, self-evident or acknowl-
edged facts.
An early habit of debating, with regu-
larity and decorum, enables men to express
themselves with correctness and ability, in
their own private conversation.
1t will very readily be foreseen that
those who make a profession of public
speaking will be interested against the es-
tablishment and usefulness of such socie-
ties; but an object of such immense impor-
tance to the rising generation cannot, it is
presumed, be defeated by IA comparative
few. What a scene for contemplation
would it afford the patriot, philanthropist,
and philosopher, to see such societies form
ed in every considerable town Or village in
the Union, and regularly attended, at con-
venient and stated periods, by the respect
able young men of the vicinity, and sub
iects of interest and utility discussed, with
becoming manliness, order and decorum!
These schools Of reason would be cult
waiting and testing, as it we're, the talents of
the whole youth of the nation, and qualify
ing them for various eminent and useful sta
tons in life.
The attendance on such meetings would
soon take the place of idle, expensive, and
vitiating amusements; and not only enable
the common people to speak in public with
confidence and ability, on their own pri-
vatc concerns, as occasion might require,
bat ultimately raised up more Franklins,
and republican worthless. We should then
see, after while, respectable farmers and
mechanics, qualified for every station in
the Union; and be enabled to choose our
public officers, from among the people, and
not from among the lawyers, as we now do,
for the most part.
In learning to debate or reason on extern
sive subjects, with ability, the youth should
carry memorandum book, and enter his
ideas, whenever they occur to him as bril-
liant or useful on any subject. By this
habit, the mind is disencumbercd of the
task of retaining the Fl uits offormer labors.
and left free TO range for new matter and,
by reading over or reviewing our own
thoughts, at leisure intervals, the mind is
enabled to refine and preserve its own
productions, for useful and eminent occa-
lions. A memorandum book thus be-
cNes, as it were, the storehouse of delib-
es~en, to which the original Possessor
"a ,sort for the resources Of his mind.
aH :..antf Ny often command victory,
st ,ins' iggo,orits correctly, makes mors
P lSao reading, Went'on the mind, by far,
, nn,ss or previo1xen debating without
rangement. s"'p'"''O" anu
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1833-03-14

Reminiscence.-It was I think on the
22nd Of February, 1915, that the glad ti-
dings of a return of peace reached this
town; and in celebration of the event
lofty arch of evergreens was erected. ex.
tending from the Rising Sun Tavern, (now
Commercial Hotel, TO the opposite side Of
the street. In the evening, the town was
illuminated, and there were suspended
from the top Of this arch, in the form of q
triangle, wooden boxes representing the
United States. The name of a State was
painted in large letters, on the white paper
which formed the front Of each boz, and
the whole when illuminated produced
grand effect. A large concourse ofpeople
were viewing the triangle as it moved to
and fro by gentle current of air, when
Unexpectedly one, Of the boxes took fire;
and was followed at intervals by several
others. / was about nine years Of age az
that time, and it is firmly impressed on my
memory, that when the first box was in II
blaze, the exclamation was general
There goes South Carolina. "-SatemP p.
Sensibility Of mind, and fneness OF feel-
ings, are always the attendants OF true gem
ius. These, which by themselves consti-
tutc a good heart. when joined to good
head, naturally give greater tendency to
virtue than to vice: for they are naturally
charmed with beauty and disguised with
every kind of deformity. Virtue, there
fore, which is amiable in the eyes Of our
enemies, must have additional charms for
those whose susceptibility Of beauty IS
more delicate and refined and vice, which
is naturally loathsomes must appear I'M
commonly odious TO those who arc uncom-
monty shocked az real turpitude.
The tear Of sonsibilily (says Juvenal) b
the most honorable characteristic Of hu-
rnanstv
Litchfield enquirer. [volume] (Litchfield, Conn.) 1829-current, 1833-03-14

What an example does the following sketch give TO
another Wee President Of the United States, until
lately high in the confidence of his countrymen Il u
we believe from New-York paper:
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-02-02
From the Philadelphia Inquirer. |
SDETH EApntIN


We have been furnished by friend with the following
extract OF letter from officer board the Re-
venue Cutters stationed of Sullvans Island Charleston
Harbour. 1t is dated JAN Is, 1883.
on are no doubt before this appraised of our having
been ordered from Norfolk this place. for the purpose OF
administering naturalization medicines in case it should
become necessary. We have four cutters moored
mere anu the garrison receiving increase of
troops Our crews are in excellent discipline and the
vessels and their ornaments in complete order eiec-
i've service We are expecting hourly the arrival of the
United States soops of Boston and Natchez and
the schooner Experiment IL is unpleasant service
TO be upon, but believe there is general determine
ton among the Union party defend themselves until
the last gasp have been SURPRISED of what portion
oil the community the nuers for the part are com
posed They are principally those who have nothing al
stake either in the way of fortune character There are
OF course honorable exceptions" The gentlemen how
ever who are attached TO the party have in general
disguised Iii possible may be home about the
middle OF next month"; anticipate the difficulty wi
be over by that time scarcely think the dissatisfied
VIII carry their measures far enough require any active
measures Oh the part OF the United States. They have
been disappointed in their expectations of assistance from
other States, and their numbers have decreased greaty
Let the General Government act firmly and with pru-
dence and the bubble OF notification will burst with little
injury, ii any, 10 the Union.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-02-02
POLITICAL

We stated yesterday firm conviction that if the mo-
1hcaIons oil inc tarH now under the consideration OF
Congress are not adopted, either the protective principle
must be utterly abandoned by the next Congress- or The
Union Will be at an end. The southern people will moi
submit TO urerdelay of this matter on the
precnce that is not fit TO yield them the justice for which
they have so long been peilioning, because single
Stale has changed her petitions into threats They can
not understand that logic by which certain poticns at
tempt 10 prove The OF the old maxim that il
better ten guilty should escape than one innocent man
be punished They cannot perceive any good reason WHY
all the States except South Carolina which are
by the Tariff and which have never shown refractory
spirit, should connne to be oppressed because that single
state, IN whose acts they have had sort participation
has been somewhat hasty and heterodox in asserting lie
rights. "
But is not the Southern States alone which are ar
gneyed by the Tariff In those States to be sure the
people are as one man they all opposed TO the pro-
tectiye principehere is hardly dissenting voice But
there other States decidedly opposed to the exing
larln. Name is opposed TO i-New Hampshire is
opposed to IT, And in those States in which the maiov
IS the other way, the minority in many is very large and
IN all respectable Its fact worth noting that while
number Of States unanimously hostile IN the T,1G
there is not single State in the whole Union i'm which
Is any ming like unahimity in favor Of Both in Penn.
syiyand and New Jersey (perhaps the most decided
arm OF any Two members OF the cOniederacy) there il
numerous ana intelligent party ia favor Of the principles of
free trade. And from the first Of these two Sstes-
very soul and centre Of the American System-more
than one opponent OF the Tariff has been chosen
10 represent Tie State or the floor of CONGRESS Fr 90,
own, we have not the smallest doubt that if Tho
OF the American people could be Individually obtained ON
~" ~ Y, -''! we ann ne reduced or retain
favor u reduction. '0''' u"
st, IN the lace Of all tbes facts either Hou,e If Con-
gTe.s should negative, or, by OF any parsmet
shuill ng avoid decision Of the bill before them te
WIZ by SO doing, assume fearful responsibilitv The
reduction now proposed wi appease Tie South Even
ne olumhtd Ielefcop Use organ Of the Nullfers in
south Carolina admits that it will be ga isCsctorv Bu II
tIs measure OF halfway jos ice is denied the msnuIse
'"terS must make up their minds give up Government
erection eneiy or to give up what The seem 10 value
II less price, Union. I'm reference 10 The vr,, 90
tenn Of measures which have exaggerated the sotbern
States, one Of or national law givers thus expresseJ
Im'ell' ~ spirit OF prophecy ia 1924 "Whatever is
eNaVag'hto or unreasonable isno likely endure There
viii come moment Of strong reactions end 4 no roolera
ton Is shown ia laying dulles on there may be lille scrr
PIE in taxing them on" The moment n ye,ctioo sof.i
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-02-02
POETRY.
:. nven vs. nrMAln. us.uNe.,
GOING rnE WHOLE uoci!-DT cowrr

sOlNG THE WHOLE HOG !-BI CowFER.
Thus says the prophet of the Turk
Good Musselmeu abstain non pork,
There ~ n part In every swine
No itiUnd or follower OF mine
May tdstc, wha,u'cr his neltoaton,
On pain OF accommodation.
Such Mahomed's mys,aiiou, chatge,
All thus no len the pciut at large.
Ilij he the sinful spot eNpscssod,
They might with safety eat thu rcst
but Tor one piece they thought II hard
From the whole hos to he dohattcd,
And set their wits at Nsork to lind
What joint the prophet had in mind
Whence controversy straight arose;
These chose the back the belly those;
by some tia confidently said,
lie meant not to forbid the head
While others al the doctrine rail,
Aud piously prefer tho tail.
Thus conscience freed from every clog,
Mahomodans eat up tho hog.
You laugh--'tis woll the talo applied
VIII make you laugh on t'othor side
Rnnouncc the world, the preacher cries
We do, multitude replies;
While one a. innocent regards
A snug aud friendly game at catds
Aod one, whatever YOU may say
Can SEQ no evil in a play.
Somc love concert OF a race,
And others shooting, or n chace,
Reviled aud loved. renowned aud followed,
Thus bit by bit, the world ia swallowed,
Esach thinks his noighbot makes too q 90,
Not likes a slice as we'll as he:
With sophistry thoiT sauce they swceton,
I'LL quito from tail to snout 'tis eaten.
Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-02-02

pated by Dir. Webster has arrived. and it depends upon
the disposition which Congress makes of The question now
before them whether those Who have borne gross jus
ce from the Tariff States lCng, will be appeased by
mere dimnu,on Of their burdens, whether they will
throw them OIL entirely, though in their fall they should
cast the "vesed interests OF the manufactures "wih hi
deocs ruin and combustion down."-N, " Il. Post.
We give the bill reported by the Judiciary Committee OF
the senate, which Is designed render aborve all
Temps TO defeat the collection OF the revenue by Nu
and It's accessory contvances The bill will subject the
Government to great nconv enieuce in removing the
m-honses, in certain cases beyond the reach of the in
tericrance OF the Nuhers but sacrifice is too great TO
prevent the civil war to which collisions between the
thosy oil the General Government, aud those controlling
the State power, must inevitably lead. The bill was
made the special order of the day for Monday.
Alter the postponement OF the bill MIR. Calhoun intro.
duced resolutions, the object OF which, avowed
TO see principles, denying to Congress the power
thorze the measure proposed TO the Multiplying
attempt OF Sonth Carolina. The whole amount the ar
gumeut used by Mr. Calhoun in support of his views
was TO show that South Carolina had right resume the
powers conferred by her the General Government
through the compact between the States He insisted
upon this the reSeTped right OF the State and
ed on the beautiful system which would be exhibited by
our Government, under his principle that Zach State
was privileged by throwing itself upon its reserved
rights, TO throw OIL all obligation to the Union or the
compact which formed il. Mr.. Calhoun did not adj.
vert TO the provision of the Constitution reserriag tht
right to hreeforthS Of the States alter the compact
He insisted altogether upon the idea that the right reserv
ed by each State in the formation of the Constitution, wa:
TO be bound by not just pleased and long as
pleased This was the total OF his special leading
and TO "ths complexion it come at last" in spite
all misrepresentation and pcrversions OF facts
with the origin OF Governments and the Disguise
which soPhisry may throw over them.-W. Globe.