Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-04-02

Il Is composed surrender 10 Il part ofiheir political indepen-
dence, which they before enjoyed as States. tits impossible
to form a federal republic without consolidating i'm some de-
gree the component members, so as TO form a "new ma
ton. "a For, the instant that you prove, that the union
oil States does not form zone nation for some purposes,
and TO some extent, you have established conclusively,
that no federal republic had been institutcd-it being an
essential Ingredient in the idea aud definition Of that for IN
oil government, that the ~assemblsge OF States should form
"a nation" The more general aud extensive the powers
ueiega'ed' the nearer it approaches a national, consolidated
government; while the fewer and more restricted its rights,
'he greater ITS similarity TO a mere coniederacy.
IL there be any abstract questions capable Of demonstra-
lion, thesc principles OF the Proclamation surely are, and
have been satisfactorily demonstrated by MIR. kives i'm his
speech on the Collection Bill. IL contains the true old
principles OF '99. Ii would please me much TO see his ar.
guinents answered aud as il is customary now 10 shield
ones self behind soue powerful advocate of similar oni.
Mons, 1 humbly beg that | may be allowed the liberty to
shelter my poor efforts under the ample protection of the
Southern champion And il l have consisted any " eyre
gious mistakes or Z" outrageous ertors,' charge them d.
rectly upon the President or Mr.. Rives-make me not the
medium OF your abuse TO save the feelings Of those who
irst promulgated these Z" heresies."
10 all oil those, who under the specious and plausible
pre,ence oil an enlightened zeal for the rights and liberties
OF the people, have stigmatized the President AS a military
despot-who hope 10 evince the business of their opinions
and increase tue number OF their converts by the loudness
oil 'heir defamation, or by the bitterness OF their invcc-
uve-who Halter themselves with iairer prospects of sue
cess aud brighter hopes OF aggrondize ment in the destruc-
lion OF the Union, than under one governments: To all
such L neg leave most respectfully TO offer the advice of
Esealus in the play Truly, sirs, because he hath some
Offences in him that thou wouldst discover it thou couldsl;
let him continue in his courses, til thou knotcest uhat
they Gre!'
Halifax, March 18th. 1888.
9 sal 4h vol; of SSoFre;poG!eaeo %4lscCled Coz. $50 (J Oh Cor.
yavci, C0-6U Elliot. Debates il the State Co"reat h !: 4
consiituiiOn-lW Sec Madeon's and Edmund Rsndoiph IS speeShc.
z G ! tSs 'ss% %,o Convention Fs%i mo- ns SsM.mJP SS Md No. SDMln1 Fsd.15.CSl
l27-(qJ Montes. lss. '"s
FOR TIE ENQUIRER.
IPfffF from rUD EfYpr ESn o., ~ E..y - "
My Dean CRoKE,-l am happy TO tell you, that YOUR
generous fears about the dissol I,ion OF this Union, and the
consequent failure OF our grand experiment in the science
oil government, may now be at an end. That threatened
tempest, which you thought must lay the ship of state
on her beam ends, proved only a passing gust, producing
some alarm, but no real danger. The pilot thought il pr,i.
dent, indeed, to call all hands ahoy, and to put every man
on the alert, but it was eventually not found necessary eli.
Their TO take in sail, or TO alter our couise.-Without a figure,
The national prosperity and security have never been more
civil %conmotion.
You ask me to explain TO you the present state of our
parties about which you tell me, you are sadly perplexed.
L do not wonder at this; for, we who are on the spot.
nave been often quite as much puzzled and astonished
as yourself; aud such have been the changes in the aspect
oil affairs, and the shiitings of our politicians, for the last
Twelve months, that, 10 give YOU a lust account of Them
would be about as easy aud inteligible, rs TO describe the
shape and course OF yesterdays clouds. l shall not. there
lore, make the attempt. But l will endeavour TO answer
your inquiries about Qualification the abrdcadabya of
our modern inagicians; and in doing so, while it is likely
mat l shall nothing extenuate, y will try too not to "set
down aught in malice" except so far, as il may also square
WIN justice and truth. But, TO understand the rise and
the Tariff. "S -
You are already oppriscd, that the great bone of contention
between the Northern and Southern States has long been.
whether manufactures should receive liberal nroiec,;on
from the government. 1 say "liberal protection" be.
cause you know, that under no scheme of revenue that is
pFacucaOIe, or has ever been seriously proposed, would the
manufactures of the country fail to receive some o,ec,iou
from foreign rivals, in addition to that, which Nature affords
in the distance at which she has placed ia fr,,n rho yorL
shops of Europe.
About thirty years ago, the Northern and middle States.
nhdlng thai they had more capital than they could employ
In common, when the lawless beligerents of Europe no
longer suffered that commerce TO enioy The proteciion of
the neutral flag, were disposed TO vest a part of il i'm man
fractures The Embargo which succeeded, together
WIN our other selt-lmposed restrictions on all foreign in
tercourse, and lastly the war, gave a prodigious increase
TO THIS diversion OF capital, both by contracting the field
OIL commerce., and enlargiug that OF manufactures
lhese new enterprises chimed in so well with the views
add feelings OF the ruling party, and we're withaI so much
heeued oy me country, that, in spite of bad wares and
enormous prohts, they became extremely popular with
three-lourths OF the nation. At length, how ever. the .
urn oil peace put an end 10 their monopoly of the home
market; to their exorbitant gains, aud to a part of their no.
puiaflty' Their exactiOns were better remembered th,n
their services. The manufacturers, aware that thew conLI
not enter The held Of free competition against the fabrics
d England, recommended rs these are by our peculiar
tastes, by inveierate habit, and above all by their own
cheapheSs and goodness, lost 80 time in asking the Leyis-
azure ior a protecting tariff. They boldly challenged the
JuSttce oil The nation TO save from ruin the establishments
'hey hd been encouraged 10 undertake, and thew made
no liant appeal to It's JdUor Tor services rendered. Ii was
then iound that a class, which the events of tbe ten -
twelve preceding years bad called into existence. had. in
tlat bnei space, acquired a power. 10y its wealth, numbers.
Intelligence and unity Of action, which could make il,eli
heard and respected.
MIR. Calhoun was, at This time, a leading member nj tbo
House oil Representatives. Having been one of The most
strenuous advocates and supporters OF the war, he consi-
dered himself entitled to a full share of the glory Which
the nation had acquired by that war; and vet more from a
CONSCIOUSNESS oil his talents than his services, it is proba.
Die mat lie even then had an eye on the Presidency IL.
knew, ihdecu, mat his turn must he postponed TO That of a
lew veteran claimants; and he knew, moreover. that he
"ou'u uheh nave many competitors in tie race; hut those
"hoW he could not ouistrip IN neeiness he hoped TO mass
ny means oil his address, or The chances of fortune. Such
ways as rational.
Ii was with these feelings and view s that he Je,ermin-
ca 10 pfoPi'late The Northern capitalists and manuIactu-
reIs' ana 10 ADJ Their favor to that of the army and navy.
ana all VINO mad supported the war. He, therefore, under
'ne plea OF liberal policy, and in some measure of an i'm.
P"en pledSe OF The public faith, prolered protection TO the
mahuIactureTs-a protection which, though less than that
subsequently gwen, was compared with any previously
Afforded, liberal 10 most branches Of manufacture. and
TO that oil coarse cottons, was enormous: for, under the
name anu SeInbIance OF only 25 per cent, il was, bv the
"e'lce o an arbitrary minimum value, III reality. 100 per
cent. mere was no single duty which could have one.
Ia'ed so DcnehciaHy to the manufacturing class. As tie
uu'y was proilbItory IN its operation, il secured TO Them q
monopoly IN the most extensive branch of cotton fairies
! a " me same hne made acceptable to the cotton
growing States, because itbcing supposed by them TO one.
rate chiefly against East India cotton goods. agains, which
u protested to be levelled, it must, in the same oropor.
uOnJ extend the market for American cotton. Mir C,I.
noun AT ihe SAME time, supported the establishment OF the
united states Bank, and ~ spite Of numerous obstacles
arising from constitutional %scruples, the jealousy OF rival
insutu"ohs' ana general prejudices against all banks, lie
ana us ieIIow Iabourers bnally prevailed.
Among tie iutnre political rivals of Mr.. Calhoun. there
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