Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-04-30

themselves, not allowed to bear testimony Of hi, own
meaning. SO gross an Inconsistency they would fain
conceal by the allegation that Mr. Madison is not now
what he was in l79S-that he has either abandon.
Gu ms principles, or Is impaired in intellect but the sub
teriuge as unounded il is base An who have ac.
cess TO this venerable patriot know that he is animated
with the same pure aud iervid love of country which all
ways characterized him, and which has been his master
passions and that his extraordinary exhibts not
only unbroken vigour, speculative points but still
cheers and adorns the social circle with sInos, Tho 80.
aud bniancy OF his youthful let us now pas. to the
81. Arguments AL INCONVENIENCE IL is said that
u maJores are suffered administer the government ae-
cordg 10 their own Interpretation their powers they
VIZ oe certain 70 Cypress the minority: That their
al Interests are often diame opposite and that The
,,1iee masses whsh constitute mejories, the
likely TO exercise their powers illegally and
from their confidence in their om srength-rom their
oeg Kept IN countenance by numberssnd because they
are less likely 10 be operated upon by their sympatbes
and by those appeals to honor aud Justice which have So
much influence with individuals.
10 tins is answered that, far thi, danger was
ueeeu prooaole has been provided Tor by tile Consti-
tuon That is for this purpose principally that Con-
siituons have been devised limits thus imposed on
those powers by which the minority may be oppressed
mere are ur'her guards IN the mode OF exercising those
powers Thus, there two houses OF the Legislature
u oe VI oeni' ny 's structure, represents different
majority from the other The President also has mega
i've which is further check The Judiciary is vet more
eiiectua protection The oath support the Constitution
is check against gross violations the OH
every member In addition their ec checks there
the but often efficient
from ntemixtuc of Intersection personal and mar
~ sympahles-and from that sense OF Justice and sens-
bty to merited reproach, from which few are on
tirey exempt.
and have proved insufficient afford protection Thew
may, perhaps prevent fragrant usupaons but they will
NOT every u"y sexpercnce shews prevent false gloss
es and injurious interpretations of the Constitution
Who docs not know that from inherent OF Ian
goagethe biases unconsciously produced by inerests
and feelings, TO nothing OF dishonest nncandd con-
suctons-the power of inerpre ting Constitution is Of
ten the same thing making it, and that there mere
parchment restrictions afford no security against onpres-
| hat Stafn bi,h ha.
nave peculiar interest, should have he right OIL
or Modification.
The answer 10 this is, that the latitude ofinerpre
taton which supposed TO create the evil, equally sp-
plies TO the remedy. III the majority may concur in
stretching ABUSING their powers Cypress the minori-
ty, single State may with yet more practical facility
use its negative 10 thydrt embaras.s the maiorty
and thus the interests of many States may be sacrificed
70 the interests, the preudices the wms Of single
State.
Besides il you once adopt the principle of enabling
every distinct interest TO protect itself, where would you
stop Ii the interests Of South Carolina different from
those OF Georgia. not those OF the and
parts OF each State also different and any reason be
given for introducing the principle into the general go
vernmen which would not apply totbe governmc pts Of
the States Mr. Calhoun has referred TO Ling Ms ba-
wing such cheek III her government II he referred to
me negatives possessed by the two estates Of King and
Lords on the acts OF the Commons, what
compared with the great agricultural, commercial and
manufacturing interests OF the kingdom 1t il that
all these have certain share in
them, but not one o! them has except far 10
able 10 procure majority.
is remarkable that while the advocates of civil kber-
ty have been necessarily abouring for the right OF the
greater number TO rule, instead OF
they believed likely reproduce great sum OF human
happiness, as the imperfect man would permit
and that OF that character has been empha-
ucaily called Republic Commonwealth, this notable
doctrine OF Mr. CALHOUN would prove that il but another
form oil despoism; that our steps and
transfer the power from the majority back minority,
and perhaps very small minority To prevent 100 from
controlling and expressing 90 he would allow TO con-
troll lOO OF the evils Of disuuon to which the right of
NuIhca'lon and Secession would necessarily lead, il il,
needless TO speak. Every who can an inch be-
lore MS nose mast perceive that in oil dsme
ment, the separate communities would do, neighboring
nations have done ia all time, hate each other Quarrel
and hght-that woad be eoRcnerors others con-
quered and that either predicamen would be fatal ci-
vii liberty: That when we were unconnected States.
more energetic forms OF gOvernment-strong executives
capable oil quick and decisive action would supersede our
present oquacous, disputaous assemblies; standing ar
mics and heavy taxes would follow in their rain and the
question between absolute and cOncLTrent maiorities
would be settled Ivy rating the power into single
hand The capacity OF the people for f-goYe rnlnent
which we had persuaded ourselves Illustrate our
country aud age, would he regarded by times az
scky dream OF the schools, aud the odious theory OF
Hlobbes That man must be governed by rod Of iron,
would be revived and confirmed forever.
But sure il is unnecessary say more TO- YOU against
this mischlevous and prepoStcrous doctrine beg 10
beeVe that very small proportion of the American peo-
pie have beenh dupes of this odious heresy spite
oil the Glamour raised by those who sou profit by
great mass OF our citizens love the UNION their lives,
Tor upon lis continuance they know depends that of their
, LIBERTY, GLORY AND HAPPINESS Ii may be some
months before write you agan-meanwhie adieul
FRANK BITTER.
OCT Anxious bring Close have greatly
abridged the argument, particularly copous
g"Porteii may do as well other time
lom. +. II.