Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-01-31

The proSi,nae agent by which all free governments
stroyed has ever been military J6ree. Ibis is e
son that oar orciIthcrs always hostile TO large mill
tary establishments, aud 1t accounts for their frequently
Icnuuncin standing armies, uncongenal with rcpub-
institutions. This Proclamation ihuuders forth the
fact, that To be resored compel South Ca
rona 10 submit TO the laws, and return into the Union,
should she attempt To secg!e Om II. This Is an anuun
Grafton rs alarming as a WAS unexpected. will not date
upon the extreme rJShncsS and mprudcuco, even
such tie Presidents ulteor purpose, oil prOclsmiug IL at
we ime hc Ni Just Que week alter hts annual coninu
a'caon 20 Congress, which regarded ot the
ahs' aud most orthodox sS,c papers, since Jtiesons in
augurs address, aud which, since learn, re-
ccived almost viii rapture ia South Caroline comcs
this fortunate ProchusOn After the former, wchedr
on COOL authority that all parties at Washington calcula-
tel speedy reduction OF the Tariff the necessary
wants of the Government, and the reasonable demons OF
the South Caroline look, to leading the way To an
Immediate adjustment OF all her difficulties. But short
w'ck 'i'PcHcd me loud Illusion The IricndS oil the pro-
tecive system began TO ho up their heads Immediately
the Proclamation appeared, and they the stand the
President hld taken snS South Carolina And NOW il,
not at al probable that any satisfactory reduction will
occur III time 10 avert impending difficulties. The ne
feelings called into action by the previous message, all
dSpeDed-a''d civil war is denounced with precp,ta-
ton The more remarkable Congress was in session.
tho spot but was not consulted had the
such course occurred, if it could become
ceSsary The hrst OF February yet i'll iuurty, and
no violation OF amy revenues or other law, had yet been
attempted in Carolina.
The gentleman from Rockhrdge (NIr. McDoweIl) re-
marked, that nobody doubted that the President was bound
to take The step he did, and force, the
required it, Does any law require the President
nounce at the point oil the bayonet, principles uncacd-
Tor by the occasion, If true, aud which subver-
sive OF the contcdcraed character OF our government
The gentleman afterwards added that the fa,rs requr-
ell this step, complaining truth of the pO,U-
6ehind the throne lie, no doubt by these {" now
ers, meant the hws' he had alluded to- His remark
however Incorrect as shall attempt show that
is probably true in that in which it is used in the country
from which the gentleman bouowed il. 1t is English
expression, applied the Ministers Of the King and with
the English meaning il doubt applicable to this re-
markable document
Sir, far from nobody doubling the legal correctness
OF the course indicated in this Proclamation, hope shall
not be found Slonc when utterly deny both the right
underPesent circumstances and the erpedency of apply
ing force TO Subdue 5. Carolina The right depends on
proper construction Of the act of Congress of 2Sh Feb
1872 which, history informs US, passed in conse-
Ynence OF the "skey nsurection, in Pennsylvania,
The preceding year, before alluded 1t whcrc CON
templates the employment Of military force against State,
or against individuals acting under the laws Of a State
1t has been ably reviewed IN late Executive commun-
cation from s. Carolina, aud it be obvious think
t. all who have examined the law that il authorizes tia,
cases OF " Invasion" by " iorcgn Indian foe or
combinations, too powerful TO be suppressed by the
ordinary course OF judicial proceedings" sc. in
dividn's acIhg Oh heir ow responsibility, and with
out the councndncc lawful authority of the States
OF "hlch they are citizens The ve'y provision in the
law, requiring the President 10y Pecd.uation conn
- mana SUch INSURGENTS 10 dispcTSe, and retire
" pedceobLy TO their respectce d6odes ,cithn limit
- ed time" demonstrates most clearly that the Pres-
OF the power which had been given him. fIc has cot-
founded here again, the difference between bapIit act
my Ia open contempt of te Laws of their State as well
rs those OF the Union, and citizens of sovereign State
acting IN obedience 10 her statutes. Although tie Feoc-
raj Convention at Philadelphia refused adopt the pro-
position oil Luther AldItn this point, before cited we
hnd IN the proceedings OF that body these remarkable ia
ciGcnts, which appreheud decisive OF this question
TO the right oil force against a Stale propnsi,iop
was actually submitted 10 the Convention by Edmund
Randolph Ui Virginia, authorize force TO bc employ
ed o subdue dlSubediemt Stdfe-and it was rejected
Some time atierw ards, Pdttcson OF New Jersey nroduc
ed The same proposition, substantially aud il met, after
mature consideration, similar iae; and the subject end
end with the 'pr)vsou vow now see in the Federal
Constitution, TO execute the laws the UniUn suppress
riecons and repel nvasois For the first promo
suoh refer you TO EottS Debates, 6S-and for The
latter 10 l26 And also refer you TO D. IS ct seq of
Yates Secret Debates for the opinions of our own cele
grated george Mason, and several other leading members
oil TIE Federal Convention, who denounce ''the uterven
Ton oil military tor 10 compel the observance of a social
compact with great Indignation 81 will never CONSENT
exclaimed Mason "tO GcSirOy State Governments -
ms seWs that hc regarded any authority the Federal
Executive 10 employ JOTce against a Sfdte-or against
cHZen acting under The laws Of their State, virtually
destroying the State Governments. And who doubt
NF Another aenber exclaimed ''if the was incom-
. pabla with the other would support the State Co
" Ncrnment, at us expense of the Union-for consider
" The present system" (iluding the one then under
LIBERATION, aud which construed, Gen. Jackson
"ow 20 sIrues iS night to force against STATED Gas
q system oil SidCcfy" The hole proceedings on the
subject taken together. demonstrates a-by calling out
'he militia 10 execute the laws OF the Union" was
mehH against individual citizens, awcsz banls-and
not against States as such.
But suppose th4t the President under the Constitution
and laws, had right adopt the course marked out in
thls Proclamation, both oil which have attempted To re-
Iu'c-whs II erpedeDtwas il pOiitic DTttdent rise
10 proclaim at the Time he did and under the erisng
g.. e.s. 81 me, : TO be eontinited)