Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-03-15

system, which shortly after began In he avitated RI, bs
a IN most conclusive evidence that he considered the
management OF the revenue in 1916 as growing out of
me necessity OF the case, and due to the consideration of
J.;, h.. ~ sna', even at that early period, he wa not
70 h. ". ns ears 'hSt exehthat arrangement would lead
y ""u ,u,ureA1TIcunies. He regretted that he had
"" IonPsHed TO dwell so long OH himself; but trusted
"% Snatever censure might be incurred would not be d-
Tected against linn, but against those who had drawn his
conduct INTO the controversy; and who might hope, by
a'saiIing his motives, to wound the cause with which lac
was proud 10 be identified.
He might add, that all the Southern States voted with
South Carolina I'm support OF the bill; not that they had
any interest in manufactures, but OH the ground that tbes
hd supported the war, and of course felt a corress-''u.ng
ob'igalton TO sistain those establishments whicna'u grown
up under the encouragement il had inci'eh'""y 'ho'ue";
while most OF the New England ..embers Were opposed
10 the measure, principally. as he believed, oil opposite
principles.
He had now, lie trusted, satisfactorily repealed the
charge ocsipsC the State and himself personally, in refer
ence to me Tariff of 1916. Whatever support the State
bad given, tue bill had originated in the r.ost disiuterested
motives.
There was not within the limits Of the State, so far az his
memory served him, a single cotton or woolIen establish
ment' Her whole dependence was on agriculture, ana
'ne cultivation OF two great staples, rice and cotton. Her
obvious policy was TO keep open the market of the world,
unchecked and unre stricied-to buy cheap, and to sell
high; hut, from a feeling of kindness, combined with a
sense oil Justice, sho added her support 10 the bill. We
hau oeen told by the agents OF the manufacturers, that the
pro'ocuon which the measure afforded would be sufficient;
10 winch we the more readily conceded, as il was consi-
deTed as a hnal adiustmcn MT OF the question.
Let us now, said Nh. c., turn our eyes forward, and see
what has been the conduct of the parties to this arrange
ment. Have Carolina and the South disturbed this adjust
men! No,-they have never raised their voice in a sim
gle instance against il; even though this measure, moder-
ate comparatively as ii is, was felt with no inconside rable
pressure on their interests. Was this example Initiated
on The opposite side? Far otherwise. Scarcely had the
President signed his name, before application was made
ior an increase oil duties, which was repeated with de-
mands continually growing, till the passage of the act OF
le2o. what course now, he would ask, did it become
Carolina to pursue in reference to these demands? In
stead OF acquiescing lis them, because she had acted ge-
nerously in adjusting the Tariff of 1916, she saw, i'm her
generosity on that occasion, additional motives for that
hrm and decided resistance which she has since made
against the system of protection. She accordingly COM
menced a systematic opposition 10 all further encroach-
nents, which continued from 1918 till 1928, by discus.
Sions and by resolutions, by circumstances and nv pro-
tests, through her Legislature. These all proved INSULT
Gent TO stem the current OF encroachment; but notwith-
standing the heavy pressure on her industry, she never
diespaiiei of relief, till the passage of the act of 1925
that bill OF by avarice and po.
itcal intrigue. Its adoption opened the eyes Of the State
and gave "A new character TO the controversy. Till then,
the question had been, whether the protective system was
constitutional and expedient, but after that she no longer
considered the question whether the right Of regulating
the industry OF the States was a reserved or delegated
power out what righta State possesses TO defend her
reserved powers against the encroachments of the Fele.
raj Government "a question on the decision of which, the
value oil all the reserved powers depends. The passage
oil the act Of 1928, with all its Objectionable features, and
under tile odious circumstances under which il was adopt
ed, had almost, if not entirely, closed the door of hope
through the General Government. il afforded conclusive
evidence that no reasonable prospect of reliei from Con-
gress could br entertained; yet the near approach of the
period oil the payment Of the public debt, and elevation Of
General jackson to the Presidency, still Afforded a ray OF
hope-not so strong, however, as TO prevent the State
powers?
Under these circumstances, commenced that inquiry
INTO the nature and extent Of the reserved powers of a
State, and the means which they afforded of resistance
against the en~croachments OF the General Government;
which has been pursued with so much zeal and energy,
ana ne might add. intelligence. Never was there a poll
hcal discussion carried on with greater activity, and which
appealed more directly to the intelligence of a communit
throughout the whole, no address was made to the low
and vulgar passions. But, on the contrary, the discus
SION turned upon The hlgheg5 siioIbsgsu If REoGJtHirffife scf2HRepReyyt
oil The State, and on the structure Of our political system
gong u show the true character of the relations bet Nv eer
Ue state and the General Government; anil the mean.
whch the States possess of defending those powers which
''Gy reserved In forming the Federal Government.
J. ms great canvass, men of the most comanding Ia
tents and requirements engaged with the greatest ardor
ana 'he people were addressed through every channel
ny essays IN the public press, and by speeches in the;
pu'Ic assemblies, until they had become thoroughly in
"ructed on the nature Of tile oppression, and ON the RIGHT
"nch 'hey possess under the constitution, TO throw then
II gentlemen suppose that The stand taken bv the peo
P'e OF Carolina rests on passion and delusion, thew ar,
whoiy mistaken. The case was far otherwise. No com
MUMMY, from the Legislator to the plouphman, were eve
better instructed in their rights; and the resistance. or
when the State had resolved was the result of mature re.
Election, accompanied with a deep conviction that ,bej,
Iights hd been violated, and The means of redress which
hey have adopted, are consistent with the principles q
he Constitution. "'P' y
But white this active canvass was carried M ,ybicl
'TpNeI 10 me reserved powers, as their final redress, i
all others failed, the State at the same time. cherished ,
nope as l have already stated, that The election of Gen
JACKSON 10 The Presidency, would prevent the necessity
o. areSoIt 10 extremitics. He was identified with the i'm.
terests OF the staple States; and, having the same Interest
" was believed that his great popularify-a popularity
o We strongest character, as il rested on military ser.
Vlces-would enable him, as they hoped, graduailv n
oIihg down the system OF protection, without shock mr.
INJURY 10 any interest. Under these vie ws. the canvas,
III I"Vot OF General Jackson's election TO the PresiJenc
was carried on WIN great zeal, in conjunction with thai
acuve inquiry into the reserved powers of fine Statos nm
Whlcn maj reliance was placed. But little did the Peo-
PIE OF carolina dream, that The man xuhou, h., uo.o
thus striving to elevate TO the highest seat of power wouLI
prove so utterly false to all their hopes. Man is. indeed
ignorant OF the future; nor was there ever a stronoer H.
'usraton oil the observation than is afforded bv the reeuI,
y ,nat eIecuon! The very event on which thew had
ouiit thelr hopes, has been turned against them. and the
very Individual to whom they looked as a delyerer. and
"hom, under that impression, they stroye, for q many
years 10 elevate to power, is now the most powerful in.
'trnnent in The hands Of his and their btterest opnonen,s
to put down them and their cause!
scarcely had he been elected, when il became anna.
rent, from The organization Of his Cabinet. and other inH
eauons' That all their hopes Of relief, through him, were
oiasteo. The admission of a single individual into tbet
Oaplhet' under The circumstances which accompanied tina
a1UIsslon' threw all into confusion. The mischieyou. in,
huence over The President, through which this iDdiyidua
was admitted into the Cabinet, soon became apparen, In
Stead Of turning his eyes forward TO the period of the paw.
ment OF the public debt, which was then near AZ hand
and 10 me present dangerous political crisis, which was
IheFHdole, unless averted by a timely and wise svstem of
measure the attention OF the President was absorbed bv
mere party arrangements, and circumstances TOO disrepu.
apIe 70 DC mentioned, here, except by the most distan,
Here, Mr.. G. said, he must pause for a moment. 10 70
PEI . charge when has been 80 often made, and which
even the President has reiterated in his ocIamation-tb e
charge that he had been actuateJ Il, ~ -, IT,