Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-03-22
Twenty-second Congress.--scss. 2.
in sENATE.-F,iday, February Ia.

m -, VI % ~
u" me 6iH further 10 prOUide for the collection of dt-
feS on NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
On the next day MIR. Calhoun proceeded by remarking
that he omitted, at their proper place, in the course of his
observations yesterday, two or three points TO which he
would now advert, before he resumed the discussion where
he lett off. He had stated that the Ordinance and acts of
SCUM Carolina were directed, not against the revenue,
out against the system OF protection. But il might be ask
eu' IL SUCH was the object, how happens it that she has
ueciareu te whole system void; revenue as well as pro-
tectlon, without Determinations IL is this question which
he proposed to answer. Her justification would be
found IN the necessity of the case; and, if there be any
plane 1t could not attach TO her. The two were so
blended throughout the whole, as 10 make the entire
revenue system subordinate TO the protection, so as
10 constitute a complete system Of protection, i'm which
IL was impossible TO discriminate The two elements
oil which II is composed. South Carolina, at least, could
not make this discrimination, and she was reduc.
en 10 Tue alternative OF acquiescing in a system which
me believed TO he unconstitutional, and which she felt To
De oppressive and ruinous, or TO consider the Whole as
one equally contaminated through altits parts, by the UNI
.o"su;uuonsn'y OF me protective portion; and, as such, 10
De resisted by the act of the Safe. He maintained that
me state had a right TO regard il in the latter character.
ana III II a loss OF reveDus followed, the fault was not
hers, Out oil thIs Government which had improperly blend.
ed together, IN a manner not 10 be separated by the State,
two systems wholly dissiInilar. IL the sincerity of the
State be doubted-if il be supposed that her action ia
against revenue as well as prote ction, let the two be sepa-
ra'eu, lei so much OF the duties as are intended for reve-
nue., be put in one bill, and the residue intended for pro-
tecton be put in another and he pledged himself that the
ordnance and the acts of the State would cease as to the
former, and be directed exclusively against the latter.
ne hd also stated, in the course Of his remarks yester-
DAY, and trusted he had conclusively shown that the act
oil 1910, WIN the exception of a single item, to which he
au aiiuded, was, IN reality, a revenue measure, and that
Carolina, and the other States, in supporting it, had not
incurred the slightest responsibility in relation 10 the sys-
tenn of protection, which had since grown up. and which
now so deeply dlstracts the country. Sir, said MIR. c., L
am willing, as one OF the representatives of Carolina, and,
l oeheye, speak the sentiment Of the State, TO take that
ACT as the basis OF a permanent adjustment of the tariff,
SIMPLY reducing the duties, in an average proportion, an
all the items, 10 the revenue point. / make that offer now
to ue advocates OF the protective system; but l must, in
candor inform them, that such an adjustment would dis
tribute the revenue between the protected and unprotected
articles more favorably to the State, and TO the South, and
less so 10 the manufacturing interest, than an average uni
form ad-valorem, and, accordingly, more so than that now
proposed by Carolina, through her Convention. After such
an offer, no man who valued his candor, will dare accuse
me state, or those who have represented her here, with
inconsistency in reference TO the point under consideration.
NJ omitted, also, on yesterday, to notice the remark of
a Senator from Virginia, (Mr. RivesO that the only Diff
Guilty IN adjusting the tariff grew outof the ordinance and
the acts OF South Carolina. He must attribute an asser-
uon' so inconsistent with the facts, to an ignorance of the
occurrences OF the last few years, in reference TO this sub
Ject, occasioned by the absence of the gentleman from the
United States, TO which he himself has alluded in his re-
marks. II the Senator will take pains TO inform himself
he will find that this protective system advanced will a
continued and rapid step, in spite OF petitions, remonstran-
cs ana protests, OF hot only Carolina, but also of Virginia,
aud OF all the Southern States, until 1928, when Carolina,
Tor the FIRST time, changed the character of her resistance
by holclng up her reserved lights as the shield OF her de-
against Idrther encroachment. This attitude alone,
uha'ued by a single ) ate, arrested the further progress OF
the system, so that the question from that period 10
ms on the part OF the manufacturers, hes been
not now to acquire more, but to retain that which
they have acquired. He would inform the gentleman
that II this attitude had not been taken ON the part of the
State, the question would not now be, how duties ought to
be repealed, but a question as to the protected articles. he
tween prohibition on one side, and the duties established
by the act OF lS2S, on the other. But, a single remark
VIII be suihcient. in reply 10 what he must consider the in
yidIous remark OF the Senator from Virginia (Mr. Rives).
The act Of 1882, which has not vet gone into oSeration and
winch was passed but a few months since, was declared
by The supporters OF The system TO be a permanent adj
Justnent, and the bill proposed by the Treasury Depart
ment, not essentially different from the act itself, was i'm
like manner declared TO be intended by the Administration
as a permanent arrangement. What has occurrad s;,co
except this Ordinance, and these abused acts of the calum'
mated State, TO produce this mighty revolution in refer
ence to this odious system? Unless the Senator from Vir-
gina can assign some other cause, he is b bound, upon every
principle oil fairness to retract this unjust aspersion upon
the acts OF South Carolina.
After noticing (said MI. CT another omission. no vouIJ
proceed with his remarks. The Senator from Delaware.
(lhr. ClaytonO as 1yell as others, had relied with great EN-.
phasis OH the fact that we are citizens of the u States
/ (said MIR. CO do not object to The expression. nor shall
detract from the proud and elevated feelings which il ia
associated; but he trusted thathe might be permitted TO
raise the inquiry, in what manner are we citizens of the
United States! without weakening the patriotic feeling
with which he trusted it would ever be uttered. Ifbv
citizen OF the United States, he meant a citizen at large.
one whose citizenship extended to the entire geographical
limits OF the country, without having a local citizenship in
some state or Territory, a sort OF citizen of the world, all
lie hd TO say was, That such a citizen would be n perfect
nondescrp; thatnot a single individual of this descripiiou-
could be found in the entire mass or our population. Not
withdrawing all the pomp aud display of eioquence ON the
occasion, every citizen is a citizen of some State or Ter.
ritory, and as such, under an express provision ofthe Con-
sitution, is entitled to all privileges and immuniies Of
VIZ III VIC SNNtldl CtdAtc1 III IL is IN ms, and In no
other sense, that we are citizens of the u. s.. The Sena-
tor from Pennsylvania, (Mr. Dallas indeed, relies upon
that provision in the Constitution which gives Copgress
the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization. and
the operation OF the rule actually established under This
authority, to prove liat naturaliz0d citizens are citizens AT
large, without being citizens Of any OF the States He did
not deem 1t necessary 60 examine the laws of CoDeress
upon this subject, or TO reply 10 the argument of the Sc
major, though he could not doubt that he (NT. d. had Ia.
ken an entirely erroneous view OF The subject. was
sufficient that the power of Congress extended simply tn
The establishment OF an uniform rule, by which foreigners
might be natural I'D in the several States or Territories.
without infringing, in any other respect, in reference 10
the tights Of The states, as they existed be-
Tore The a%'Opuonoi the Constitution.
Having supplied the omission Of Yesterday, Mr.. G. noyv
resumed the subject at the point where his remarks then
The Senate would remember. that he stated
at their close, that the great question at issue was, whe-
ther ours is a federal or a consolidated system Of govern
ment; asystem, in which the parts, to use the emphatic
lat Suage OF NJ. Pdlgravo, are the integers. and the whole
the multple-or Ia which the whole Is a unit and the
parts the fractions: that he had stated, that on the decision
Of this question, he believed, depends not only the liberty
and prosperity OF this country, but the place which we are
destined 10 hold ~ tie intellectual and moral scale of ma
lions. lie had stated, also, in his remarks on This point.
that there was a striking analogy between this and the
great struggle between Persia and Greece, which had
been decided by the battles Of Marathon, Platea, aud Sa-
tddes and Tbemistocles. lie had Illustrated this analogy
by showing that cenualism or consolidation, with The eS-
of a few nations along The eastern border Of the
Mediterranean, had been the p~ervaling principle ia The
Asiaiic Governments, while the federal system. or what's
the same in principle. that system which orpanizes I,
community IN reference 10 its parts, had prevailed i'm
Europe.