Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-01-24

Representatives: and Tine. although its population should
tall oeoW that OF congressional district On what other
principle this than that the States preserved and
the government is federal ones
rhe court has been pleased 20 say that Is will
ling to allow others TO control the of the General
Government II those measures violate the rights OF all
the States they will be all pleased But this Is
trely unimporan Each state has several interest of
its own under the compact, which Isl right and its
! ~ to preserve.
"lt results from those principles and authorities that
neither by the mode OF its adoption of
ITS having national features others being purely e
der. and the State governments being ndspcnsaby ne
cessay to be kept up to sustain that of the Union our
government to be considered consolidated one. IL
Iede'U government with some features OF nationality
The State only kept up it, but they
are so important that they actually alter and
:h the present system BY the fifth article of the Con-
suution, the State legislatures may institute amend
ments TO the Constitutions, which, when reported 10
and ranled by them, become part of the Constu-
hon They may thus amend that instrument from the
word Whereas; and thus they may abolish it, Is
II not absurd TO say after ths that this is not Federal
government aad that the State governments known
m U Ihey can mould and modify, the General Govern.
ment at their pleasure, and they its operations
by refusing TO appoint Senator'S The power here admit
ted TO belong the State Legislatures to amend the con-
suion, Is no departure from principle, have be fore
contended for. These amendments are in effect made
by the people themselves, of the States They are
OF attorney
sour General Government then, with submission to
the opinion OF the Supreme Court, is as much federal
government, "league, the former coufedera-
uon The only difference is that the powers of this 90
vernment are much extended.
In fact this government may be- in some sense con-
sdered, continuation OF the former Federal Govern
ment. We told in the Federaist that in truth the
great principles OF the Constitution may be considered
less as absolutely than expansion the prn
cples contained in the articles Of confederation though
The enlargement OF the powers great 10 give il
he aspect OF an entire transformation OF the old govern
ment' (u) Again II is said, that the Constitution
consists less in the addition of powers to the govern
ment oil The Union than in the invigoang of its original
powers(v) 1t also said, by Mr. Madison i'm the
Convention, vested in
posed government not much an augmentation of
powers in the General Government, a change render
! vested in IL before (tD)
eli, them every thing conspres to shew that our 90
vernmeht Is Jederdt, and not consolidated one how
lar State be bound by acts of the general
violating, to its injury, rights guaranteed to it, by the f-
doral compact II the founders of Constitution did
not ioesce these clashings between the respective 90
vernm0ns, provide impartial tribunal to decide
them only affords another instance of the imperecton
OF the instrument OF which imperiection its authors
themselves were most sensble(r). We are not without
precedent in favor of such tribunal: for we are told
by Vatel(y) that the princes of Neuchatel established
l4O6 the canton of Bern the Judge perpetual arb
traitor oil their Disputes and many other similar instances
are there given.
That great writer also tells us that among soveregns
VINO acknowledge superior the oIu mode
oil adjusting their several aud are sacred and
inviolable( S) and that the faith treaties form the only
security OF the contracting partie (dG) Iis further said
oy him that neither OF the contracting parties right
10 interpret the pact or treaty. at his pleasures for that
makes me promise give whatever you have mind TO
contrary TO my intention, and beyond my real sgreeme nj
'Ir the Feder4st the supremacy of either par,v in
such cases, seems denied. II Is said, substance that
The ultimate redress against unconstitutional ac of the
General Government sanctioned by the authority of their
Judiciary there being thus inv of the rights
me people, may be redressed by them, and that their
STATE Legislatures will be ready sound the alarm 10
The people, and effect change(cc) Again. il is said
that we may safely rely the disposition of the State
Legislatures, TO erect barriers against the
OF the national authority (d) 1t further said in the
report OF lI99(ee), that appeal emphaicay made
anu not without efec in the conventions TO the State
Governments that they would descry danger at distance
and sound the alarm the people Another writer en
ed to consideration has also sad that n of nractons
OF the Constitution, by the General Government. the
Sae Legislatures will sound the alarm; was done by
that oil Massachusetts, in relation what has been called
the stability of states(f).
In the Virginia convention, il was said by Mr. Ram
doPh' that il Congress should attempt usurpaon oil
power, the influence of the State Governments will sou
in the bud OF (gg); and again. that the States can
sIituton(hh)."
bs y$ w. oss 49, al P SsSI:sa VI Recon Sss
q M a. s RSpO 4 &c. ~ ~ "a
& f. & s'1 5@S " aso s9 s. 70
"a III .s.5: $s:.
T%t pa @ @ @ III
These EXTRACTS are sufficient to show that our
Constitution is FEDERAL; to which the States, as
States, are the parties. They overthrow the posi-
tos vi inc modern f1dmpden, so far as they relate
TO the origin and character of the Constitution But
they do more. They expose the errors of the Pre-
sident's Northumberland warn us against the con-
sequences of adopting them. We protest against
those errors, in whatever shape they may appear
whether in the productions of an ANONYMOUS Es
sayst, in the opinions of the Supreme Court or in
the Proclamation of the Chief Magistrate of the
U. y We most deeply regret to find that they are
there-and those doctrinal points were not ne
cesSarlly connected with tho great object he had
IN view, TO save the Union from the conse1uen-
ces OF the absurd beresy of notification. The Pa
rlots Proclamation might have carried every unpre-
JUDGED heart in the South with him-but the intro
ductlon ofceran passages has dissatisfied his friends
and encouraged his enemies. 1t has given new spi-
rits TO the friends of Northumberland drawn MANY
secret and insidious adder from his hole General
jackson may not regret this latter deveIopement
Tor the frank soldier may like see his enemies I'M
mask themselves. But has another and worse eff
feet Some bis former friends are alarmed about GER
tain doctrinal points of the Northumberland exbi-
bit such an appearance of dscord in their ranks as
to encourage South Carolina i'm her course of mad
ness and precipitation. Hampden has brought nm
these questions We have commented upon his
arguments-as far they relate to them-but
we shall touch them, as we find them i'm the
Proclamation, in next number We have
no room to-day, either for these or the few re-
marks we have to offer on the other position of
Hampton, that State has no right to secede from
the Union. We shall offer remarks on this Procla
nation i'll the spirit which dictated the follow
ing resolutions, being part of those submitted by
Dr. Cooke, on Monday, to the Senate of Virginia by
way ofadditon to the Sd resolution of Mr. w. Nc
Comass resolutions, biased upon those from the
House Of Deegatese-