Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1833-01-10

separately.
For the convenient cor joint exercise Of the
sovereignty OF the states, there must Of no
cessit. be some common agency or func ton
ary This aSs"cy il the Federal Government.
u rcprcsents III. cvnfodcra,od states, aud ex-
ccutcs their joint will, ~ expressed i'm the
compact. The powers OF this government
are wholly Ssriraiirs. II possesses no more
inherent Sovereignty than an Incorporated
Town, or any any otner great corporate body
-" Is political corporation, and, like all
corporations, looks Tor its powers TO an cx-
terror source. That source Is the states
south Carolina claims that D., the Deriar,,-
lion OF Independence, she became, and has
ever since continued a free, sovereign, and
Independent State,
Ihat. n sovereign state, she has the ia-
h'renf power To co all those acts. which. by
the law oil nations, any Prince or fotentatc
may OF right do. That, like al indie pendent
states, shc neither has, nor ought She suffer
any other restraint upon her sovereign will
and pleasure, than those high moral obiiSa-
tons. under which ali Princes AMI state, are
bound, before God and man, 10 perform their
solemn pledges. The inevitable conclusion
from what has been said, therefore is. that
a. ia all eases of compact between Indcren-
dcnt Sorcrcigns. where, from tic very nature
oil things, there can DC no common Judge or
umpire, each sovereign has a right :" To Judge
rs wei OF attractions u the mode and mea-
sure OF redress" SO IN the present coutroyer-
~ oet"een South Carolina and the Federal
Government, II belongs solely To- her by her
delegates IN solemn convention asse ublcd. 10
decide whether the federal coin pact be viola
ted, and what remedy the state ought 20 pur-
sue. South Carolina therefore cannot. and
will not, yield to any department. of the Fede-
.IN -.~l.s 1T
The essence Of all sovereignty, and without
which, II would become "a baub!e and a
name"
such are the doctrines which South Carroll
ma has, through her Convention, solemnly
promulgated To the world and by them she
VIII stand or fall such were the principles
promulgated 10y Virginia il 90, and which
theh received the sanction Of those great men.
whose recorded sentiments have come down
10 US as light 10 our feet and la,np 10 our
PAIN. TX Is Virginia and not South Carolina
who speaks when it is said that she "yiews
Hic powers OF the Federal Government, as
resulting from The compact, 10 trhica the states
are parties, as limited by the plan serse ard
intention of the instrument constituting that
conpact-as no further valid than they are
authorized by the grants enumerated in that
compact; and that in case of deliberate
Paipabie and dangerous exercise Of other
powers, not granted by the said COMPACT. the
states VINO are parties thereto, have the right.
anu arc in duty bound, 10 iuterpose, for ar
resting tho progress Of the evil, and for main
tanning within their respective limits. the
authorities, rights and liberties, appertain-
ing TO them"
1t is Kentucky who declared in 90. sreak-
ing III the explicit language Of Thomas JEFF
ierson, that " the principles ard construction
lid lsrh xs ma ~.
iatures the very same now maintained by
the Prcsidentl that the General Government
Is the exclusive judge of the extent Of the
powers delegated to IT, stop nothing short Of
DC spptism--sibce the discretion OF these who
adihlh'ster tie Government, aud not the Com
s'itution, would be tie measure of their DOW
ers. That the several states who formed the
instrument being sovereign ami indie pendent.
nave The unquestionable right to Judge of the
iniraction, and, iha Modification bv tho.e
socereiS'nfies, Of all unauthorized acts done u.-
asr ooICr ~ that instrument, is the rightful re-
medy."
II is the great Apostle OF American liberty
himself who has consecratcd these principles.
aid left them as legacy to the American
people, recorded by his own hand IL is by
him that we are instructed--that To the Con-
sttutional compact, leach state acceded as a
state, and Is an integral party its co-state,
forming as to Itself the other party =, that
they alone being parties To the compact are
solely authorized 10 judge ia the last resort Of
The powers exercised under AZ; Congress he
ing not a party, but merely the creature of the
compact;" that i. becomes a sovereign state
TO submit to undclegated, and consequently
upiIinited power, in no man or BODY of men.
upon earth uiat where powers are assumed
which have not been delegated, 1.-THE very case
mi hcf 4
the rightful remedy that every state has a
natural right IN cases not within the compact
ledsus non Crde,i'l 10 nullify Of their own au-
thoriiy all assumption Of power by others
within their limits, and that without this right
they would be under the dominion absoIut..
and unlimited, Of whomSocver might exercise
The right Of judgment for them" and that I'M
case of acts being passed by Congress " 20
Palpably against the Constitution a. 20 amount
To a" undIsgrised declaration, that tic com
pact - not meant 10 be the measure Of the
power OF the General Government, but that II
viii proceed 10 exercise over the state, All
powers whatsoever o; would be The dut, Of tic
states TO declare the arts roid aud Of no C,,e,
aud mat tach shouidiaks mfasurss oCifs o,rn for
providing that neither sue acts, nor any other
ot lie General Government not plainly and
Intentionally authorized by the Constitution,
shall be exercised within their respective
terrtOries.n
u y ON these great aud csscn'i1lfrttis hat
south Garolma'lias Low acted, Judging for
herself, AZ sovereign statc, IA, has pro-
Doun"cd tie Protecting system. iu iii Hs
branches, 10 BE- gross, deliberate, aud pal
pablo violation Of The constitutional rOmpact. q
aud having exhausted every other means If
redress Size has, 90 tbc exercise Of her sove.
reign rights. - one 81 ths parties tn that com
pact, and ~ Performance 81 high and sacred
duty, intcrposcd for arrestins the ovil " usur-
patton, v ithiu her limiis-by dee laring these
acts ~ b. null, VOID, ADJ uo law, aud TAX
ing measures of her own, that thcJ shall not
be enforced within her hmit.."
south Carolina has not resumed what
could be considered - II al doubtful hen
she asserts "that TIE acts IN question. we're
10 reality intended foT tie projection # ma
tufcs !" that their " operation - une-
quail" uiat The amount received by them.
a. greater Than is required hv tbe want "A