Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1833-03-12

Mr.. &. said that. in reviewing the ground ov.,
which he had passed. ii would be apparent tina,
the question in controversy involved Tai inns,
deeply important Of all political questions. wbe.
Their ours was a federal or a consolidated no,err
ment-a question Dn the decision of whlch do
psnds. as he solemniy beiIeved. the liorIty If
the People. thriI happiness. and he place which
we are destined 10 nulI N the moral and ino,.
Iectual scale oi Nations Never w.s ,h,r.
controversy IN which more imDor ant coz ..ru.n
ces were invul,e ed, not excepting that bp,ue.o
Persia anil Greece. decided by the battle. u, Ma.
ration, Plates, aud ) amis, which ya,e s.ren.
danry 30 the genius of Europe over that VI A.,.
and which. in IT'S consequences. has continued IA
affect me destiny al 50 large portion IF tho
world. even 10 this day raer- is, SAID Mr.. T.
often close paiOgn. between events apparepHy
verv remote. which are striklngy illustrated IN
this Ease In the great cuatest between Grpers
ani p rsia. hetwecD European AID A,ia,lc p,j,v
and c,vi iZatinD. the very question brtaren the
Federal and consolidated finn Of so,ernmer,
va, involved. The A.iatic Governments from
the re,notrst time. with some exception, on the
eastern shore of the Mediterranean. have ,epn
basrd on the principle Of con.oIlda' ion. which
considers the whoir community as but unit. and
! cons0lldates its powers on d GENITAL pula, The
oppnsi'e principle has prevailed III Europc-
Greece. throug .out all beI States. va, based IN
a federal system. All were united IN one cor.
mon, but loose bond, and the Governments; #
the several States partook, for the most part. O!
a complex organization, which fiissri6Gea poltI
cal poN er among different members Of the CON.
munitv The same prIn"iples prevailed IN an.
Gent Italy; and, five turn to the reutonic rae
our great ancestors, the race which occupies the
first place 10 power, civilization. and science
and which passes. the largest and the faresr par,
of Europe. we will find that their Gosernmsu,.
were based on the federal organization. as ha,
writer on the British Constitution, Mr. Psi.
grave, from whose writings hr introduced the
following extract:
=. In this manner the first establishment Of lie
Teuron,c States was effected Trey were az
,rmblagrs of scots, clans, and tribes; they were
confeIerated hOss and armies, led IN BY princes,
magistrates. and chieltalns, each ot whom va'
originally independent. and each Of whom lost
portion of his pristine independence. N prOpOr
lion as he and his cnmpeers became united uOier
the supremacy of a sovereign, who MAS suprlm
duced upon The State, first as military com
mander. and after wards king Yet. not.
wihstandng this political cOnnexon. each mem
Der nf the State continued TO retain consdera
BILE portion of the rights # sovereignty. Every
ancient TeuionIc monarchy must be considered
as federation; IL IL rot an unit, OF winch the
smaller bodies polirc therein contained are the
fracuons, bu, thev are tine integers, and the SAFE
rs the multiple winch results from them
Dukeioms and counties. burghs and baroness,
towns and townships, and shlres, form The
kingdom. all, in certain degree, strangers 10
each other. and separate in jurisdiction, though
all obrdient to the supreme executive authority
This general drscii ption. though no; always
strictly applicable in terms, Id always 50 sub
srantiaIy aud in effect; and hence il becomes
necessary to discard the language which has been
very generally employed IN treating on the kos
li.h constitution Il has been supposed that The
Kingdom was reduced into regular and sradai
subordlnatinn of Government, and that the "
rous legal districts Of which it is compact
arose from the divisions and subdivisions Of he
country But this hypothesis, which tends great
| " to perplex our history, cannot besupP"tedH
fact; and instead Of viewing the constitution d
whole, and then proceeding TO lis parts, 4"
must examine It svnihetcally, and a''rm:
that the supreme authorities Of the State "efs
created BY the concentration OF the powers or
sinalIy belonging to the members and tofPmt
tiuns Of which 1t is composed" Here Mr'
gave wav for a motion to ADJOURN
On the next day, Mr.. Calhoun proceeded y
remarking that he had omitted at their P'Opo
place, IN the course Of his observations yr'N'
day, two or three poiats to winch he WOULD n''
advert. before he resumed the discussion "'e'
h. had lett Of lie had stated that the ofdna""
and acts of South Carolina we're directed nv
against the revenue, but against the system"
protection. But it might BE- asked. II 'u'n vs.
her object, how happens i, that she has de''I,'
the whole system vOid-revenne as vel "P
lection, without Discrimination 1t Is tbs q''
ton which he proposed to answer. HeI J'''na
ton would be found iD the necessity Of NC
and, If there be any blame. 1t could not a'. "a,
her. The two were SO blended, throns0O" y.
whole, as to make the entire re'enue - go,
subordinate to the protection. so as 10 to"'"
complete system Of protection. IN wNl'"
impossible to discriminate the two e'e"." :,
which it is composed. South Car"''0a 81 | 81,
could not make the discrimination, az" '''
reduced to the alternative Of acque'''"s J" a!
TEN which she believed to be unc"n'''' .'.... L