Lynchburg Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1829-185?, 1833-04-15

I
! 'inu gwen the regulation oftradn and II did NOT
"oon II necessary to give the further and distinct
power OF establishing public institutions
I l ho other fact, sir Nhich the genilaman re-
hes, Is the declaration Of Nj Martin to the Legs
allure OF Maryland The gentleman supposcs Mr..
! Hatt'n 10 nave urged, against the constitution,
mn dil not contain the power Of protection But;
] 4 The gentleman will look ngsn Mt what Mr. Mar
TIA sad, ho viii fud think, hat what M. Mar
I'm complained Of was, that the constitution, by its
prohibitions On the Sta,Gs, had taken away from
the states thomsclve9 the power ofrrocctng iieit
ph y manufactures by duties imports. Thin -
undoubtedly true bat | find expression Of NJ
Maitn iomatlHg that the constitution had moi
irtIci OF Congress the same power which 1t hui
thus taken from the States. - u
Hat, sir, let VS. go To the first Congress let u5
look IN upon this and tho other House, at the
iirst session Of ther organization.
We see 80 both Houses, men, distinguished T.
nTone the trainers friends and advocates Of the
constitution We see IN both those " 10 had drawn,
discussed nn1 maturcd the instrument ia the Com
vehuon explained and defended i, before the peo-
pie, and were now elected members of Congress
To put the now Government into motion, and IL
carry the powers the constitution into beneficial
execution
Al the bend Of the Government was WasfnnG-
roN himself who Ind been President Of the Con-
vtn'ion, and IN his cabinet others most tho.
roughly acquainted with the history of tho cons,,
qion, and distinguished for the part taken in ita
discussion.
II these persons were not acquainted with the
meaning OF lic constitution II they did not UNDER
ainhd the work of their own hands, who car
understand 1t, OF who shall now interpret II To
us
Sr. the volume which records the proceedings
aud dcbnlcs of the FIRST Session OF the House Of Kc-
prcacnaivcs, lies before me. | open II, and !
ind that, hayng provided Tor the administration OF
the necessary oaths the very first measure propo-
bed o consideration 10. the laying imposts and in
The rcIy hrst Committee OF the Whole into which
uio House OF Representatives ever resolved its.lf,
"n this rs earliest subject, and in this its very first
bate the duty OF so laying the mpos,s, US To en-
courage manufactures, was advanced, and enlarged
upon, by almost every speaker. aud doubted de
/ htdby none. The fiat gentleman who suggests
ih's "a the clear duty Of Coneress, ana as IN b
Jcc necessary TO be attended TO, ia Mr. Iiiz,nons,
OF Fennsylvuna tho second, Mr. White Of
ViaclNtA the lhfd Mr. Tucker, Of Sourn CAaoLi.
VA
But tho great leader sir, on this occnslon. va
Mr.. Madison Was he lhcly know the Inten
ions OF tho Convention ana the pcople1 W - H.
I ill., ely 10 understand the constitution
/ tho sccond sitting ofthc committee, Mr. Niue
Ison explained hla owe opinions Of the duly 81.
Congress, fully nndoxplIcly Unjust not detalr
YOU sit, with more Than few short extracts from
thcsn opinions, bu, they Ire such al alea1, in
tchgJblr ani decisive
" The states, says he, thu, are most sd.anrej
IN population md ripe fox manufactures, ought 10
have their particular interest attended to- in some
dcgrcr While these States retained the power OF
making regulations Of trade. they had the power 10
cherish such institutions. by adopting the pre-.
ft,ttt. Ln,
Of .hia power into other hnnds they must have
done this with at expectation that those interests
would not be elected here
IL anothcr report Of the same Speech Mr.. Mad
son IS represented as using still stronger language
Us saying, that the constitution, having taken this
power awny from the States, and conferred il on
Constcss, 1t would be |rapd ON the Stnics
md on the people were Congress 10 refuse 10 exer.
else i.
MI. Mad'son argues, Sir, on this early and intc-
resting occnson, very justly and literally IN fagos
OF the general principles Of unrestricted commerce.
Blu, be argues rso with equal force and cearness,
for certain important exceptions To these general
principles.
The first, sir, respects those manufactures which
had bcccn brought forward under encouragement by
the State Governments. " IL would he cruel saws
Mr. Mnd'son " to uegieot them, and to divert their
industry into other channels for II is no. possible
for the hand of man 10 shin from one employ lnent
toonoth without beng ajurcd by the chonges'
Again 81 There may be some manufactures when
beng once formed, can advance towards peri con
without any adventurous aid while others, for
| want Of the fostering hand Of Government will
be unable to 60 on at all. Legislative provision,
therefore, wall be necessary collect the proper OBJ
Jccts for this purpose aud this Will form another
exception to my general principle" And again
" The next exception that occurs is one on which
great stress il laid by some well-iuformed men,
and thus with great Plausibillty thet each ma on
should have, within ltsef the means Of Defence
independent OF 'orc'gh supplies that, IN whatever
relates 10 the operations oi war; no State ought 10
depend upon p'ccarious supply from any part OF
the world. There may be some truth in this re.
mark, and therefore 1t IS proper for legislative at
,entiOu."
In the same debate, sir, Mr. Burk, from -ouTH
CAROLINA supported duty Oh hemp, for the express
purpose ofensouraging its grovt On the strong
land Of South Carolina. Cotton" he said, was
also in contemplation among them and, If good
seed could be procured, be hoped might succeed"
Afterwards sir, the cotton seed was obtained, its
culture was protected, and it did succeed. Mr.
Smith, very distinguished member from the SAME
STATE, observed; a" 1t has been said, and Justly
that the States which adopted this constitution ex-
pecod its administration would be conducted with
favorable hand. The manufacturing States wish
cd the encouragement Of manufactures the mari
time States the encouragement Of ship.building
| and the agricultural States the encouragement of
agriculture"
Sir, VIII detaln the Senate by reading no more
extracts from these debates. Ihave already shown
n majority OF tho members Of sourh CARoLfNA. IN
/, this very first session. acknowledging this power
protection voting for its exercise, and proposing
! inn In heir lar