Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-04-05

G 49, hCAi "h ht IcIt al 81 III W0lpn m
arrange them TO q just equipoise of useful, liberal, and ge-
neral Dement'S aud common good. In all matters of gene
raj revenue and appropriations, the very hearts blood of
the Republic, Tor all great national and foreign purposes,
they are the conservaiors, not for a part only' bn, the
wholc oaion. Taxation and they being i~nsepsrably we'd
ded together under the " holy bands" OF the Constitution,
they alone can originate any such general laws of revenue.
The Judiciary, another great and important branch of
the government, though nominated by the President and
confirmed by the Senate, when so confirmed, become, for
ue pest oil reasons and the most valuable of purposes, n
perfectly seh'independent body, il | may be allowed to
Apply te expression TO our popular institutions. Being in
oflce Tor lie, they can only be reached by impeachmcnt,
a very precarious and troublesome process.
such, fellow citizens, is a concise. though upon a criti.
cal, TAR and impartial examination, | fear not, will be found
a full and just expose of all the leading fundamental prin-
clples d our happy soveInment-f founded, as | have said,
on ue TWO great pillars OF CONFEDERATION aud CoNso-
LIDArioN-with all the necessary checks and balances
10 keep each within its proper limits. The great powers
gwen 10 The General Government, and tho lust, the vigil
iant, ana watchiul jealousy OF the States over their re-
served nights, complete the proof on the foregoing points
though the claims of the one, or the complaints of The
other, prove nothing as 10 the real granted or reserved
rights OF either: they are both interested parties, and of
course imperfect Judges between each other. The COM
pact Itself, IN the hands Of an impartial arbner, forms the
only reasonable or plausible means Of coming 10 a right
conclusion.
In more particular reference, however, to those powers
granted to The General Government, and those reserved TO
the States, they both consist Of two kinds-positive and
lmPhed; y refer 10 p" the necessary aud proper neans.")
The first are so clearly laid down and defined in the Con-
stitution itself, that they can scarcely he mistaken by the
most ordinary discerDment. The last may be, and are too
often perverted by those politicians who are already i'm
power and thirst after more, or by the ambitious dena-
gogue who Is struggling up the ladder of popularity. But
the honest and undesigning have only 10 examine carefnI-
w. and weigh well those self moving causes in others, be-
lore they decide on these nice and d~oubfully balanced
theories Tor themselves. The limits OF the present address
Will not admit OF a detailed examination and explanation of
all those positive and implied, granted and reserved rights
on both sides; and few observations must suffice for the
present on the subject Of a remedy.
No one would go further in contending for the real re-
served rights Of the States than myself. or i'm applving a
proper constitutional remedy for redre ssing a violation of
them. But in my opinion, both parties run into extremes
on theSe subjects. The one stretching the implied rights
OF the General Government, under the terms "common
defence and general welfare" as well as some others i'm
the Federal compact, beyond their rightrul limits. The
other, cOntending for State sovereignty to the total annihi-
lauon oil every vestige of national sovereignty, either in
the General Government or in the PEOPLE themselves.
Let it be conceded, however, for a moment, that the first
rs wrong-that ihaV ha"" 49, -L--S-a--I-
tits now pretty generally conceded, that an ulI6ca-
ton is neither a constitutional, practicable, nor a consist
tent remedy. Ii puts a State at the same time both in
and out OF the Union. Peaceful. secession is still worse.
IL is commended, that any one of the twenty -four States
may withdraw from the Union at her own win and plea
sure; and that the other twenty-three may permit it. Both
of these positions | most positively deny. / will assimi-
late and simplify it. Thirteen, or twenty-four individuals
if you choose, too feeble in their existing situation TO get
along to advantage, enter into partnership for improving
their conditions and extricating themselves from former
difficulties. One soon complains of the means resorted to
in getting on, as Illegal, usurious and OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
tests against further contributing towards aiding in such
means, and withdraws from the co .partenery. Can the
others morally or consistently with their own preservation,
rights, and interest-theirs solemn obligations 10 one ano-
ther-permit it? And il they cannot, as is certainly the
ldC' Nhat Legal dTldf N thirteen or
more of the American States, finding the old articles of
confederation entirely inadequate 10 all great and national
purposes, agree 10 throw il aside, and unite in a stronger
bond OF union, or consolidated confederation" to accom-
plish these great and desirable objects. They all surren-
der a portion Of their former rights and benefits, to i'm
prove, secure, ana advance The residue, as all citizens and
separate communities do on entering into more perfect,
extensive, and united societies. One OF them becomes
tired OF the connections; and because a part of the exac-
lions to meet their engagements or the mode of extracting
those eXacions, may not be exactly equal and preserva-
tive of their particular local rights and conditions in all
I finirn arfs f,uyp rnfacf oUai,uf j. -, - H.
tions-eqUdi as rel as unequGl-and undertake of their
own accord to dissolve the whole connection. Can the
other twenty three morally and i'm good faith to one ano-
ther consent? Not indeed legal warfare, as in case OF a
violation Of a civil co-partenery; but military warfare, un-
avoidably, with all its horrid consequences OF bloodshed
on the field and the scaflold, in case Of a failure in the Sc
ceders.
That it is the right of every people, when they eper
think themselves oppressed, TO declare, TO re monstrste. or.
il persisted in, TO resist extreme oppression by force, will
not ard cannot be denied, by the American people at /.
least. These were the very doctrines and grounds up
on which the American Revolution was icommenced and
was persisted in-remonstance, protestation, and final
ly an appeal to physical resistance, which ended in
a separation from The Mother Government. These were
" notification and secession in their only riGhtful
original forms, but not as constitutional, peaceful, or
consented to measures surely. II successful, such re-
NEEDLES constitute a glorious Revolution. If unsuccessful,
they are Rebellion, and all the leaders and men Of wealth
concerned in them are executed, and their properties con-
liscatcd and divided among the cCnqIerors. Such con.
quered people, It'll contended, cannot be held in subiuga-
ton but by the same means that subduod them; not by
affection. They become the mortal enemies, and not the
lNNNH VI WV wv us lnN ~ hntO lHt NON@
quered generation lasts, and after their extinction, de-
pending on the characters and conduct of the existing
Government. The devoted attachment Of our British lore
fathers, generally, 10 their Chiefs, and their enthusiastic
attachment TO their own systems Of Government from
William the C%oHquerOT to the present day, prove most
clearly the reverse Of The foregoing objection.
With these concise views OF the fundamental principles
and outlines Of the most excellent and blessed systems Of
National and State Governments under which we live,
permit me TO aJmonish you, my fellow citizens, 10 be par
iculariy watchful Of your rights in the present Spring
Elections, both Tor Congress and your State Legislature. De-
pend upon il, you have much al stake. As distinguished
and venerable patriot said at another trying crisis, ." The
danger is not yet over II am right in my views on tho
foregoing subjects, rest assured that you have as much
cause TO be cautious aud particular in your choices in the
coming elections, as you ever had NJ any other period
since your existence rs an independent nation. The for
inaion and adoption Of Tie present General Government
constitute an important crisis. The one now before us,
-ccks its de ,trucuon, the dissolution Of the Union, and the
total overthrow Of your hbrhies, FOR wicked, disappointed,
TO escape such destructive consequences, eject no ." multi
fer or scceder' TO your General or State legislatures
Trust them not, for tlicy are not to be trusted.
A word or Two to the voters in one particular Congress
sional Disttict-i mean the Hcnrco District, IN which is
the preservation aud existence Of The whole Union. Yes,
fellow. citizens, 10 consider your particular election now
to be made, the most important 10 tho whole Union, for
many reasons, Of any other 10 he made In any part of
IL. Besides the correct principles, the high talents, the
sound integrity, and the long experience Of your late
/ representative, there are other important lights in which
10 view him at this critical and trying period. Even IL
you do not agree with him in an The detailed minuGm
Of his doctrines, where will YOU procure another with