Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-01-31
Virginia I1egisIa ture.
FEDERAL RELATIONs-IC out;uv,d

Committee ~ the Whole, on the state Of the Relations
/ 6et,ceeS the United States and South Carolina, on
Friday, the 4h Janudry-( Contnued.)
will now trouble you with extracts from work
OF acknow lodged ability, aud high authority OH constu-
tioha law. II was published several wears ago before
these agitaHg difficulties had occurred and by disl,-
gushed urs who no, old enough to have been wit
ness OF the events 10 which he aues, and
the motives which led TO them You understand me OF
course as abiding TO Rawle the Constitution. He is
commenting that article which requires te u States
to guarantee to each State republican form of Cove
ment, protect each against INVASION. Sc and he proceeds
after some explanations as follows:
This right must be consider cd nh ingredient i'm the
original cuuosition OF the General Government which
though not expressed, mutually understood
docne heretofore presented the in TO the
indecasbe nature OF personal allegiance SO far quail
he'd in respect TO allegiance 10 the United States
observed that it competent Tor State make com
pact with Its citizens that the recproca obligations of pro-
tociion and allie glance might
further observed that allegiance would necessarily
cease on the dissolution OF the society which
l.. The States them may wholly withdraw from the
Union; but, while they continue, they must retain the
character OF Representative Republics Governments
dis'iar forms ana principles cannot long maintain bind
ing coalition. Greece" says Montesquieu, was un
done the King of Maceon obaineda seat In The
Amphyctyonc Council" If is probable however that
the disproporonatc force well the form,
of the confederate had its share influence in the
event But, whether the historical fact supports the the
DRY or not the pncpe in respect TO ourselves unques
| tionable
ain what manner this guarantee shall be eGoctuaed Is
not explained; and presents question of considerable
nicely and importance.
mot word in the Constitution Is intended TO be mon.
eratve, and one significant the present was not
| lightly inserted The United States, are, therefore,
bound to carry into effect whenever the occasion arises
aud finding do in the clause, the engagement
to protect each State against domestic violence which
can only be by the OF the Union assisted in
due construction of the of enforcing the guaran-
tee. IL the majority the people of State deliberately
and Peaceaby resolve 10 reInqu'h the Republican form
OF government, they TO be members Of the Union
IL faction, an inferior number make such effort
endeavor TO enforce by violence the provided for
will have arisen, and the Union bound employ its
power to prevent It,"
Sir cannot resist the inclination to pause this ex.
tract before read those yet in reserve call your aen
ton 10 the fact that the Procama has been ius
tilted by comparison with that which Gen. Washington
Issued in 1894, against the mob engaged in the whsley
nsurrecton in Pennsylvania So far from any coincis
dence existing the circumstances of that rebellion against
the laws, and the course which Washington adopted stand
opposed in almost every particular. beg gentlemen
who may not recently have read the history that me-
morable affair." TO refresh their recoecons and refer
them TO the 9th Vol of Marshal's Lille OF Washington
pa SIS ct seq for of the whole natter as in-
teresng and able, rs have doubt is impartial and
accurate The first point OF dissimlaty which presents
itself at once, is that the movement then was not by the
State Of Pennsylvania, but fragment of her disordcy
citizens, who were SO FAR from being justified, coune-
nanccd by the Siae-that the State Government acled in
coincidence with the General Government and invoked lis
hterpoton 10 enable her to subdue her lawless ci
zens And even then, how did Washington proceed, in
plain case for the nterPositOn OF iorce He waited for
yearstricd every soothing aud temporary measure 10
accommodate the difficulties before lac issued the Procla
nation alluded to- And when other eYpedient would
succeed, and the excise law had been refused obedience
TO, and the officers who attempted enforce IT, put i'm pe-
ri oil their lives Tor three years, hc collected
force large that he knew il could be opposed and
that the eusiou OF bIool would be prevented This force
Apprehended few oil the insugensthey tried and
conviccdanh afterwards every man pardoned by that
humane and admirable President-and soon after Con
gres' TO avoid dscOntens repealed the still tax And
this TO be talked OF precedent for the late ProcaIna-
on isuednot three AFTER but actually before the
difficulty had occurred With precipitancy which pre-
vented Congress being consulted though that body was in
session OF the spot! Not against rdcoiy insurgents in
one corner OF State, 'ctng their responsibility,
but against sovereign State moving such Sir recol-
'ect the FACTS and then recur TO the extract have last
read, AMI further commentary will he useless will pTo
coed with my extracts from Rawlc y:
The power and duty of the United States to Interfere
with the particular Of a State are not however
limited 10 the violent efforts of party to alter s Const
tuition II, from any other motives or under any other
pretexs, the internal peace order of the State are
disturbed, and its powers insufficient suppress
the conmoion, il becomes the duty its proper Govern
meni 10 apply the Union for proe This is found
ed the sound principle that those in whom the force
oil the Union - vested i'll diminuon of the power
y possessed by the State bound exercise it for the
good OF the whole and upon the obvious and direct
rest that the whole in the peace and tranquility
OF every part At the time, is properly provided,
IN tc order that such interference may not wantonly
or arbitrarily take place, that IL shall 0nly be ON me
request Of The State authorities Otherwise the self 90
vernnent Of the State might be encroached upon the
pleasure Of the Union"
alt has been laid down, that, It, all tho States or ma
Jorty OF them refuse TO elect Senators the Legislative
powers Of The Union, will he suspended-By Supreme
O the first OF these supposed cases, there cen be no
doub ~ one oil The necessary branches OF Legislation
wholly withdrawn, there he further Legislation;
but II part although the greater part either branch
should be Withdrawn it would not affect the powcr OF
those who remained.
"In part of the Constitution is a specific number of
States required for Legislative Act Under the Articles
OF Confederation, the of nine States was re-
quiste for many purposes. II five States had with
drawn from that Union IL would have been dissolved In
the present Constitution there is specification of mum.
bers after the first formation IL oreseen that there
would be natural tendency increase the number Of
States, with the anticipated increase Of population now
so fully verified also kloon though h was not
avOwed, that State might withdraw itself The number
would therefore, be variable"
But may pursue this subject somewhat further.
\ TO withdraw from the Union, is very solemn, Sc.
Tlous, act whenever II may appear expedent 10 the
People OF State, IL must be manifest in direct and n-
equivocal manner II it done indirectly, the Peo-
pie must refuse TO elect Representatives we'll suf-
fer their Legislature re-appoin Senators The Senator
whose time had not yet expired, be forbidden
tnue IN the exercise Of his functions.
" But, without plain decisive measures Of this nature,
proceeding from the only legitimate source, the People
the u. States consider their Legislative powers
such States suspended their Executive Judi.
cial powers any way Impaired and they would not be
obliged TO desist from the collection Of within
such State
"As to the remaining States among themselves there
II no opening for doubt.
Secession reduce The number the smallest In
eger admitting combination. They would retnain united
under the principles and regulations among hem.
selves that apply the whole. For State carno,
be compelled by other states, TO Withdraw the Union
and, therefore II two determine to remain united
although all the others desert them nothing can be dis.
covered, in the Constitution, 10 prevent ~.
lie - 4