Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1833-01-03


country, condcn,nng Napoleon when no Emperor,
with great severity, in conversation with French
Minister, TO which the Frenchmao replied, in tho most
polite manner, by begging her Cor the sake at Heaven to
he mercul TO his MASTER aad assured her that there
telling how much Napoleon would be- distressed, If
happily lac should discover how uniavorahle OPT
mon she entertained of him. II has also been
here aud will probably be repeated again that Mr. Mddi-
son has changed Sides and /, now actually opposed TO Nh,
very principles which he advanced in the Resolutions OF
'9S, AMI so ably maintained in '99. Would gentlemen
who advance this opinion, pardon him Tor suggesting
them the rropriety OF enqw"g for moment, whether il
may he possible, that Mr. Madison has still been pur-
suug the tenor of his way, in the straight for
ward course, ia which he Had out and that Siry have
by accident, gradually turned round aud nuw t
themselves pretty we'll advanced tile opposite irec-
ton To that on which they out; and actually stand
ing on the dangerous ground which the old Federal party
made an Intellectual attempt force the Republican party
10 occupy in l19S? Ii gentlemen who make this char
of UPON MIR Madison Guild take the tro,,
BILE 10 re-eXaunc the Resolutions ut 95 and the Report
OF 90, in connection with Mr.. Maisos late letter. the
might find that they had fallen into curious mistake
somewhat like he remembered to have fallen into
when very yonng.--He rcc0llected when he was very
young, that upon being conveyed rapidly along the road
II had appeared e. him that every ohjcc, by the way
SIDE was moving aOhg wh great rdpiuy, in opposite
direction to that in winch he travelling, whilst he ap-
peared 10 he perfectly stationary himself Perhaps little
more reflection may satisfy of those who have been
so ready 10 condemn Mr.. Madison, that they have by
chance fallen into similar mistake. The gentleman
from Prince William had few DAYS ago very pretnv
expressed IN the House, something like the idea as
to Mr. MNlison's having changed Sides when he said
(he would not pretend to give in the gentleans own
TO pull the work which he bad erected in tie sreng IN
and vSor OF bis youth. He would suggest to the gentle.
man, That he had fallen into mistake il lac imputed to
Hercules any such design. So far this from being
his object, that he had now built citadel upon the Top
OF the tower OF strength, which he had erected ia his
youth, from which the sentinel of liberty may observe in
security, every movement which may be made by which
The walls OF the great political fabric, the execution of
which he contributed more labor than any other na no
shaken This he considered, the true liz hit ia which
Mr. ddsons late exposition of his views otc lat to be re-
garded. W ~
Mr. NJ continued his remarks by saving that il beinp
perfectly clear that the foundation OF this supposed RICH
oil secession cannot m found either in the Cos,ion nj
ne United States or in the resolutions OF so report OF
W. let us see IT has any foundation reason The adj
vocates ot this supposed right of attempt to sus
tam their principle, by affirming that the several States
are sovereign and independents that there fore they are
liberty in the exercise of the rights of sovcrcipniv
eecede from the Union at pleasure. lie would enquire
lho me ruin OF this position What was meant by a SOW
reign ana independent State What is the idea
eel TO me mind by the of the expression ga i'm
STATE r do we not always think of State whose 90.
Vtrnment has power to exercise the rights of declaring
war; making peace appointing ambassadors forming trea
ues ana exercising those powers which none but sove
reEn state can exercise Every man is readily under
$1,000 ~heh he speaks OF Austria France aud Great Bri-
taln as sovereign States but who there who would he
VIKING To incur the rdiculc which he would draw unon
himself, by speaking Of Hungary Navarro Scotland -,
Ireland as sovereign States; although all these have once
enjoyed all the rights OF sovereignty and two of them sill
parucip"e IN the sovereignty Of Great Britain through
elr representation in Parliament? Ireland couI moi
be sad to he sovereign State, when she had Parl,
nen oil her own because her Parliament could mot
VIZ" ''ie assent Ol inc hDg OF England,
powers whlrh pertain TO sovereign State without the
consent OF the Parliament of Great Britain For the same
no man who pays proper regard the accuracy
' expressions, will say that the States of this
onon are sovereign States although the governments of
those States have heeu by the peoule with
oil the powers incident sovereignty IL wound no NO
cessay before he proceeded the further pursuit f Ills
inquiry Tor him 10 explain what meaning he attached to
TIE word sovereignty BY the word sovereignty he un.
"estood that supreme irresistible pow in State which
admits OF no control, which form amend or ubvcr,
me Constitution OF the State at pleasure, which can,
ousn us proper organs, pass all laws and exercise ali
the powers he had already enumerated as BELONGING to
sovereign state his power according the theory of
absolute governments is of divine origin and resides in the
Nloatci according 10 the theory OF all free i,
Is derived from the people. According 10 The practice of
All nations 1t is not only derived from but portion of il
actually resides in the people of the community and eve
ny fcVoiuuon or change in government effected by them
Is an exercise of that sovereign power In Turkey and
Spain me sovereign is said to be in the Sui
tan and King in Great Britain il said TO be vested in The
armament In this country these powers are divided ;
very large portion Of them vested by the Consution
OF 'he United States in the General Government nv which
at government is authorized declare war make rea
hes and exert all the powers of sovereignty i'm relation
10 our intercourse with foreign STATES portion of the
sovereign power vested in the legislatures and gives To
nose ooueS The control OF the internal affairs of the States
some oil the powers incident sovereignty are
wilhheld both from the Federal and State Governments
Dot being restrained by constitutional provisions from
passing any laws interfering with the freedom of religions
opinions, and from taking away from the people the Tcbt
oil rial by jury And the great essential principe of
oS' Po"e!' ny me operation OF which, the government
can be reformed altered, abolished" at pie assure il so
permanently liked in the people, that they cannot nv anv
compact INTO which they may enter deprive or dives their
postcrity of it. ~
Mr. NJ proceeded 10 inquire in what relation the seve
RAJ S'a Is STOOL to the General Government Snd laid il
down as sound position, that the States stood i'm precise
W 'he same relation Ia The Federal Government u der tbe
cons tuition OF the u s. that the Individual citizens of the
NVT' states STOOL otheIr State governments under their re
state constitutions anterior he adoption of the Re
derdl cons tuition. la this position he felt himself sustained
oy some expressions conanedn the letter addressed
heial Washington 10 the President OF Congress informing
MN OF the formation Of the Federal consu ion mart NJ
WHch ne would read, aud recommend 10 the ttc;on nj
Ue members OF the committee. Here Mr. NJ read a
paragraph from the letter referred 10 believing IN a
ne on lncon rOyerubc poiCD, (nd lie invited those mo
'h'e'i'a2d different opinion assail t. he woul pro.
coed TO inquire IN whu relation each Individual .oo IN
me HoVe'msni OF his particular State at the time the Pc
derdi constitution adopted and from thence ne borsI
10 ne aDIe to deduCe the irresistible arguments o
prove bdt me pretended right OF State IN seccde was NJ
"y inconsistent with al just ions the true princi-
pies oil Government II would not he denied that ante
rpr 10 IN formation OF any social compact all the Gle
nehs OF sovereignty resided IN each individual who he
came party 10 that compact Each individual had roh
10 do whatsoever he Pleased provided he did not infringe
upon the rights OF others he had ight 10 project him
against me aggressOns OF others ~ force he had fobt
10 duoP S"ch measures might be necessary 10 secure
70 "m7el e inl ehoym nj OF all his natural rights and
inc capacity 10 acquire rights by entering into state
OF society he ehectual means no coutd taLe 10
secure himself against injury from others was 10 enter in
10 ne STALE OF society, and This the grea; object lac had
m we" "h'n e def Triued 10 become paif 10 tle 40
cia' compact when INA ory te various individual
hhaoIng country, have determined to organize gov.
eminent ihey have right the principle qJ sepreser-
vtipn 10 require al ia, ia ivdudls within the limits n,
e enry over winch fhe proposed government is IN be
established, 10 become parties 10 the cmpsct or to o,i,
4 ta of,v = i