Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1832-01-25
WEDNESDAY. JANUARY Is, 1882.
MR.. HAYNES SPEECH. Continued.


Suppose such system applied to country OF a
homogeneous character, with the same capacity
for manufacturing every where, and that manu-
featuring establishments should consequently be
equally diffused through every section. The
benefits and the burdens OF the system would,
in such case, fall equally upon every portion
of the country, though not upon the different In
terests of the State Ii has been said that II the
profits of manufactures were raised by such
system, above the average of the profits OF the
whole community, that the labor and capital abb
sorbed in other pursuits would flow into the new
employment; and that the whole would ultimate
iy be equalzed. Admit that in process OF time,
this might be the result; yet II could not take
place at once, because men cannot transfer at
pleasure their labor and capital from their accus-
toned pursuits to others. But 10 the prohts
should b, thus ultimately equalised in a particu-
lar community; vet If the favored pursuit was
only rendered profitable by the protection extend
ed To tit is clear that the scheme would result
ia an aggregate loss to the tOhoie community
equal to the full amount of the bounty have
assumed The case of an Improbable pursuit be-
ing rendered profitable by the protecting system
for 10 any other case the system Is wholly map
plirable. If the domestic manufacturer can
make his goods as cheaply and supply the domes-
tic market on as favorable terms as they could be
obtained from abroad. then il is clear that no
protec ton whatever would be necessary. 1t may
be that in the very infancy of manufacture, on
its first introduction into a country, a small
protection for a short time might hasten its
advancement, but at most, the withholding OF
such protection. could have no other effect than
TO delay its introduction for few years-for the
existence in any country Of unemployed capital,
and individual sagacity and enterprise, sufficient
loo 10 fh,,
PRODUCTION Of every branch of manufactures. for
which such country was really prepared. But
this stage of Infancy once passed, it is prepOste.
rous to talk of the necessity Of protecting any
article that can really be made as cheaply at home
as it can be obtained from abroad to assert,
that to reduce such projections to twenty thir-
~ per cent, would be ruinous to any manufac.
ture is to admit at once that such article cannot
be profitably made at home. and consequently
that it can only be sustained at the >pense of the
other interests in the community. Now. Sir,
let US suppose another case, and il is unhapplly
the eery case which now exiats in the U. Statesr
We will suppose an extensive country. OF which
one portion is ertiua0ely agricultural and inca
pable Of changing ITS pursuits, and that the other
portion embraces within its limits all the manu-
features and manufacturing capacities of the
whole country. The bounty would then be ex
ciusiyely enjoyed by one section, and the other
would share only in the burthens of the system.
To make the inequality still greater, il is only
necessary to suppose that the agricultural section
Is not only incapable of manufacturing at home,
but is prevented, by insuperable obstacles, from
emigratng removing their property TO the ma
nufactnring region; that their industry can only
be pro6tably employed in exchanging their agri-
cultural productions for the rery foreign arfi.
cles tchieh enter into competition 10Th the mana
factures, and which are heavily taxed for the pro-
lection OF the latter,-that the effect of such tax
is not only to interrupt the intercourse and i'm
pair the profits Of their industry, but that the
agricultural section is thereby exposed to the i'm.
minent hazard Of having the market for their pro-
ducions entirely cut off, and finally. TO CAP THE
CLIMAX OF THIS INJUSTICE AND OPPRESSION, that
the taxes levied on the foreign articles, are ex-
pended almost exclusively in the favored region,
and Won then have, Mr.. President, the whole case
OF the South spread open before you. Their
pursuits are altogether asricutural-they cannot
change them-they cannot transfer their labor
aud capital to the favored resion-they cannot
find market for their productions except by ex-
changing them for the rery foreign manufactures
which are taxed almost to prohibition. and the
taxes thus raised are expended in other sections
Is there in this assembly who can Law his
hand upon his heart and say that it is just and
equal systems it may be said, however. that all
this is merely the result Of our peculiar condition.
and the nature Of our pursuits. 1t is not SO, Sir
Ali We ask, IS 10 be LET ALONE. Leave US to the
free enjoyment OF the bounties of heaven. and the
advantages of our situation. and we ask more.
But where IS the justice and equality of system
Of legislation which is to make profitable the in
dus,ry Of others BY the destruction of our owni
And by what right Is il that are to be made VIC
TINS TO the prosperity of others? will here bor-
row an uluspation. to make this matter plain
The Southern States supply themselves with wool
lens. cotton. and iron. by raising cotton, rice.
and tobacco. Nov, suppose we should exchange
a bale of cotton for bale of coarse woollens, for
the Of our slaves. containing, we will say, a
hundred pieces. This bale of cloth is ours. 1t
is the fruit of our own labor, American capital,
and home industry We may be said to have ma
nufactured.it, not with the spindle aud the loom,
but with the plough and the hoe Now, Sir, we
will suppose that a northern manufacturer has,
BY the application Of an equal amount Of labor