Southern planter., 1832-11-17

fc,ted through the rxht Of suffrage, and ,o,., A., 49,
% 'he n'fe Of society to be just 10 one another ana ra,
ehg hem % consult the interest 1T each other winch
an only be adopted whatever nav he tho de.,. A., nv,
pWPeeci ny requiring the concung assent of stthc great
u o'shnct Interests Of the community the measuie. Of
uoseInment ms lcaut Is The sum total of a the
adopied by free States preserve ihcif bef
W ol preventing the coucts between tho several
paris OF the community. Both powers afe indi.pens,.
ne The one As much as the other The rulers afe moi
o oHosea 10 enetoa ou The ruled. thun lhe different
interests oi The community one another; nor Would tbrv
hNo ectlany convert their power from N, i. and ieo,
Nhae ohiecs Tor which Governments are Instituted nto
ue Instrument Of aggand1smchi, n the expense of the
ruled, unless mide responsible 10 their enstiuenfa tbi
Nou ne stronger interests hcis At the expense Of he
un'ess compelled 10 consult thom n the measures
ul he Government by taking their separate and concur
ng assent. The cause operates la loh casc. m,
constitution Of our nature, which would imprl fhs ror 10
opP'ess he rued unless prevented, would like man.
c' an1 WIN equal force mpei the stronger TO Cypress
nc weaker interest To vest the right Of Government IN
We absolute m1iofiiy would be- ia fact hut 10 cmhov the
W ollhe stronger Interest Ia the operations Of the Gov
stnment and not the will Of the whole community; 10
leave the others unprotected prey 0ts ambition and ru
pdiy, just t would be In the case hetwccn rulers and
ruled the Hight 10 govern vested cxcnsvey IN tho
hands OF the ornof They would both be, Ia rcnlty ah.
soIu'o and despoiic Governments; the one much
the other
They would both become mere Instruments of fcupidy
ahd ambition, in The hands Of those who welded them
No one doubts that such would De the case were the Gov.
eminent placed under the ntfoi Of Irresponsible rucls;
nut unfortunately for the cause Of liberty il is seen,
controlled by absolute majority; and vet the frmcr
not moro certain than the latter 10 tbs We may attribute
The mistake 20 often and fatally repeated that expel
dcspo d 10 establish hberlya mistake 10 which We may
trace the failure Of many noble aud generous efforts In y
Of OF liberty The cuor consists considering commun-
ies as iolmed Of interests strictly identical throughout
ms cad Of ing composed, they w reality are Of
ny distinct Interests a. there individuals The inter
es Of two persons the same regarded IN reference
70 each other though they may be, yirwed in relation
tac rest Of the community II Il this diversity which the
d haar Ia EAR 9TH IN
reference 10 the whole that renders the principle Of the
eoneuulng majority Necessary % preserve liberty. Place
uc powes la the hands Of the absolute majority and tho
strongest these would certainly the Government
from the object for which Il was instituted the equal pro.
lection Of the rights Of ALL into instrument " Advancing
ITSELF the xpcnse Of the The community Against
this abuse of power remedy be deved but that Of
the cohemring majority Neither the right Of suilagc,
nor public opinion, possibly check h Tcy In fact.
but tend 70 aggrayatc the disease Il really
ps that truths obvious should be npeocty
derstood There would appear, indeed lccblenesn our
intellectual powors political subjects. when objected 10
large masses We readily see, why single indi, dual, a.
ruler would Il not prevented. oppres the rest Of tho
community, but ae at loss to understand, why seven
millions would " not also prevented oppcss millions
a. Il the rcac numbers either side could in the least
degree, vary the principle.
In stating what have have but repeated the expert
enee Of ages, comprehending all free governments pieced
ing ours, and oufs iAr Il has progressed he prac
cal operation Of ours has been substantially tho pr ~,
Of the absolute majority We have acted, with some
cep ons, II the General Government had the right Il
interpret It's powers. without Limitation check ane
thou many circumstances have favored ~, and pcat,
impeded the nata progress Of events, under such op
Grafton Of the system, yct already IN whatever d.
recton we turn eyes the growing symptoms Old sor
dog and decaythe growh Of faction, eupidy and eouup
ton and the decay opatfioism integrity, and disiucfes
tedncss In the midst Of youth flushed cheol
aud the short and evrr.h BREATH that mark the approach
Of the fatal hour; and Il will unless there be spec
dy and radical changea return 20 the geat conservatv
principle which brought the Republican party into autho
~, but which, with The possession Of power and pfospc
", " has tong eiree esaaad - rhnnarnbaf.-.
have finished the task which your request impo
ed. II have been foiunqe, 10 add 10 your fund
single illustration Of this great conservative prinep
Of our Government, 20 furnish additional argume
calculated 10 sustain the State IN her aohe and patriot
struggle 10 revive and maintain and In which YOU hav
acted part long be remembered by the friends of free
DOM shall leel amply compensated Tor tho tmo occupie
in 80 Long communication believe the 10 be t
cause OF truth and justceoi union Liberty and the Cor
sttuton. before which the ordinary party struggles Of t
day sink into perfect nsignfcance; and that il will be
regarded BY the most distant posterity have not III
slightest doubt.
With great and sincere regard
am yours, sc SC.
JOHN c. CALHOUN
His Ex. JAMES HAMILTON, Jun
Governor Of s. Carolina.