Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1832-11-06

pration to Texas commenced; but few were &c.
auainted with the Inducements which that fine
country offered to the enterprising and industrious
settler. The early emigration was but very slow
Stephen +. Austin, Esq may be said To be the great
pioneer tn that then wilderness world; his was not
only trial of courage, but of great forutude aud
perseverance. The frs, season ho raised lt,le
corn and as numbers focked 10 him, depending on
his libcrality u bounty, it created great scarcity
of grain; We, such was his determination and per-
severance rather than abandon enterprise which
promised so much in future, that nc limited his de-
pen,ients 10 half pint of day, and then d-
yideU his own halt pint with his friends by such
sell dcprivetions, he sustained the Colony, at an
early period of its existence; it continued to IN
crease in population, and inlhe means of support
until it has become rich, populous and flourish
ing country and its founder highly distinguished,
| res pcctable and wealthy man.. His grant must by
this time contain from eight to ten thousand in
habitants. Several fourishing villages are spring
ing up il were by enchantmcnt, among which are
ST. FcIippe de Austin, Brassora, Harrisburg, Fay
ete &c These considerable villages, aud are
peoplcd by con,entcd, happy, aud respectable po-
pulaton. In each town there are several respect
able public houses, where the traveller is politely
entertained, and in travelling through the country
the rights of hospitality are no where refused to
those who are worthy TO receive them.
Courts of Justice established not only in Aus
tins Colony but h-oughout the settled parts of
Texas; they governed by fixed code of laws,
and Justice is impartally administered there as
in any other country. Every town has its justice,
| (Aicade) before whom all parties coguizablc,
and are tried by arbitration, each party choosing
one, and the alcado making the third. There is
also the court of Ayuntancnto composed of sever
al Judges who have original and appellate brislic.
ton, sand on important case particularly in crimi-
nal matters, an appeal lies to the supreme court at
Sattillo.
Besides the towns already mentioned. there are
other considerable towns in Texas, Nascogdoches,
Boxar, La Bahia, del E$Pritter, Santo, Guadaope,
or Walpole. These settled principally by ma.
fiua -iti oIS Mofo
or the del Nortc, is place of much importance.
1t is differently represented containing from 8
to IL thousand inhabitants principally Mexican.
The American and English population is supposed
to DO about 600, among which are many highly re-
spectacle citizens. Tho commercial business of
that town and country, is principally conducted by
foreigners. The official statement of the amount
OF duties received at the port of Motamoras for the
financial year, ending tho goth of June, 1882,
amounts TO Sl046,07S SO. The increase for the
last year was, 1852 lS3 50. The country to the
west, even TO Sante Fee, and bordering on the Pa
cifc Ocean, receives great portion of their mer-
chandize through this port. 1t is transported by
mules, each carrying cargo of 300 pounds to the
interior. The gold and silver, coined and in bars
iurs, provisions, &c. returned by the same
means of conveyance to Mctamoras. Cattle, hor-
scs, sheep, goats, &c at and in the neghborhood
OF the Rio Grande, numerous and cheap-the
cattle extremely fine, and of larger growth than
can be found in almost any other part ofthe world.
The price eff oxen, broken, averages from 90 TO 25
dollars the pair; o. the largest size, with her
calf, at from to dollars; breeding mare, from 3
to dollars; and good riding horse can be pur-
ehased at Mctamoras for from TO 10 dollars.
This country abounds with large ponds, and APP
parenty rivers of salt water. These salt ponds
much frequented by the wild cattle and hor
scs which the whole face of the prairies par
tcularly the wild horses, mustang as they are
called by the Mexicans. Droves, judged to con-
tain from to to 1000, wild horses are caught
and broken by the Mexicans and Indians, and
m X sorry Ia mad 'ha LAM
i. is called, the country OF the Bormanches, ly.
ing north and west of that last described, is also
situated in Texas and is represented to be very
desirable land. 1t is of the richest SOIL gently
rolling, due proportion Of wood land and prairie
Astounding in springs and rivers of excellent wa
ter, salubrious elimate and in the possession of
a civilzed, industrious community, would not be
surpassed by any on earth. Such is tho uniform
testimony of all foreigners.
Although agriculture is in its infancy among
them, its final success is by problematcai
Extensive orchards oflemon and orange trees have
been planted; their growth has been rapid, and the
produce abundant. In two years from the seed
the peach tree bends under its fruit. The fig is
produced in great plenty. The Irish and sweet
potutoc, and all kinds of garden vegetables grow
and produce well-as also, wheat rye, barley, oats
and all the small grains and plants common To the
United States. Sugar, cotton, and indigo are
cultivated to advantage, and will shortly be pro-
duced in great quantities for export 1t is calculat-
ed that there is more than 10000 acres of sugar
land south of latitude 80 deg In Austns colo
ny alone the last year about l500 bales of cotton
and 80 hogsh ads of sugar were made and nearly
the same quantity of sugar the Trunby. A
number of sugar mills and cotton gins are
now in operation, 81 more arc building. Indian corn
grows luxurlantiy in Texas, & produces as much
is produced in the best corn lands in Kentucky
or Illinois. In short, Texas, in the richness of
her soil, the salubrity OF her climate, the luxuri
ancc of her heritage, and the extent and variety
of her productions is not excelled by any country
the globe.
The cmigrant to Texas, can in few days erect
at least temporary dwelling, and be able at once
to commence the cultivation of his farm, and to
procure early supply of vegetables, corn &C.
for the support of his family. He selects a Dor
ton, which is already clearcd-he has only to
plough the earth to enable him to plant and sor
and realize at what could not be produced in
timber country, except by days and months of
laborious industry in clearing and preparing his
land for cultivation.
BY law the colonists are free from taxes for
ten years. tins enables them to realize all the fruits
oil their labor and is privilege enjoyed in any
other country.
The colonisis of Texas have not MINGLED in the
politics of the country; they are contented with
the advantages they possess, the liberty they en-
JOY; and are TOO wise to embro themselves in the
dsscnsions and strife of party, which has so much
divided and distracted the old States of the
Republic Although Texas is situated between %
deg. and 10 deg. M lat. the climate is considered
mild and healthy. Through the summer months,
the heA is tempered and allayed by the refreshing
sea breeZes II is fact worthy of remark that
the breeze generally increases the sun rises above
the horizon
Texas in its usual and most extensive accepta.
ton, comprises the whole territory lying between
the south western boundary of the o. States and
the Rio Grandc, alias the river Bravo Del Norte,
the Gulf of Mexico on the SOUTH and the Arkan.
sas and Mississippi territories of the United States
on the north.
There few regions of the globe on which the
bountes of nature have been more profuselv dis