Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1832-03-27

bas avc;ted considerable interest, was decided on
Tuesday last. by a verdict in facor OF the On'fed
States.
Henry d. Gilpin, Esq. District Attorney for
the United States, and John Cadwaiader, ESQ
for the Defendant.
The facts in evidence were briefly these. In
January, 1881, Mr.. Sarchett imported from Eng.
land number Of casks containing short pieces OF
bolt iron cut of the proper length to be convert
ed INTO links for chain cables, OF which he IS
maker. Itwas asserted on the part of the Unit
ed States that these were essentially bolt or bar
IRON, ami as such to be charged at 857 a ton.-
Mr. Sarchett contended that by the process of
cutting, they mad assumed new aud definite
character, as manufactured article ;ahd, las such,
not being specifically enumerated in the revenue
laws. they were to be charged at 25 per cent ad
yal0rem.
A great number of witnesses, embracing black
smiths, makers of chain cables, manufacturers
of bar iron. and merchants engaged IN the iron
trade. were examined on both sides The va
rious points Of law aud fact discussed by the
respective counsel at considerable length, and
the charge of Judge Hopkinson was very able.
The verdict in favor OF the United States is OF
more than ordinary Importance, from the princi
ple which it establishes. Ii partial change in
an article which still retains its essential charac-
ter, were deemed sufficient to give It the quall-
ties and denomination of new manufacture. 1t
is EASY to see that there would be but little dlh-
Guilty in eyading the duties IN almost every IN
stance, where thev are charged on an article sus-
ceptible of pro gressive changes in the course OF
manufacture.
1t may be proper to add, that it appeared in
evidence, that the Defendant assented voluntar-
Iy to the present suit, for the purpose OF having
the question decided fairly on its merits. -Ph,-
ladelphia Enquirer.
Old Iron-Scrap Iron.-It will be recolected
that in November las. judgment was rendered
in the New York Superior Court in favor OF Mo-
ses H. Grinne and others, against Samuel S"art.
won't, Collector, for the amount of the excess OF
duty charged Oh quantity of old iron-the du-
ties being charged as on scrap iron. It's proper
that our importers should be aware that this decl-
sion has not altered the practice at this port, the
duties TO which scrap iron IS liable being still
charged ON that description OF iron determined
by the New York Court to be old iron. This
ment, which has directed an appeal from the de-
cision of the New York Superior Court. Ibid.
Brej History of Engfish Epidemics One OF
the principal epidemics which have prevailed In
EngIand was that too appropriately named the
Black Death which occurred in the reign ct Ed.
ward Ill. Like the cholera, it originated in the
INA rshes of the Indies; il travelled over the world
aud is said to have swept away fourth part OF
mankind. 1t DESTROYED about $4,000 persons IN
London alone; and so deadly was it fell as uni
versa calamity that il had the effect of maintain
Ing and prOlonCiHg the truce between England
and France. Nav we not con- lecture that the mala-
dy which has for the last twelve mOnths allie t.
ed the north of Europe, has produced similar.
~ pacific upon effect of the Grea, Powers.
and impressed their minds with the religious ne.
cessity of not adding to pestiisnce III" sii' more
| formidable evils of a general war: The Bidck
| Death was the great scourae of the 18th century
Towards the end of the 10th N593., London vas
visited BY plague, which killed nearly 10000
individuals. Ten years after that visitation. Lon
don was again 1905 afflicted by another plague
which was imported from Osend. 1t ragged ,io-
lently there as well as in the Low Countries
On this occasion the Capital lost upwards OF thlr-
" six thousand OF It's Inhabitants. who fell VIC
tins to the disease. Nearly the same number
were carried away by similar malady IN 1925;
in 1856. it appeared in the metropolis again, and
destroyed upwards of thirteen thousand persons.
and in 1854, the armies engaged in the civil
war diffused malignant fever over the whole
, "
and sliminess of the throat aud jaws. with pain,
but scarcely any swelling OF inflammation. But
the most formidable pestilence by which the me-
tropoIis has been invaded was that which com
menced in 1865, Immediately after the great
frost, and consigned to the tomb, or rather to the
earth. for there was no time for the construction
of tombs, sixty eight thousand five hundred and
ninety six persons, according to the lowest COM
Dutatjon-.s Since that time,' SAYS Dr.. Sims as
quoted bv DIR. Hawkins, "tbe plague has vanish
ed from London, and all other epidemcs seem to
have become less malignant, owing to many caus-
es; among which may perhaps. be greater use
of tea, superior cleanliness in our persons, great
err attention to the poor in times of scarcity, which
are now scarcely fel, in any extreme degree; and,
lastly, the tremendous fire in 1886, since which
the streets have been very much widened, and the
houses so enlarged, that the same number OF in
habtants now occupy above double the space. -
Since that time London and the country generally
have been free from contagious disease, with the
exception of the year l74O. when occurred the