Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1832-02-16

To whatever extern he consumes these
manufactures, he pays an additional duty of
something less than 90 per cen: this being
about the degree III which we have assumed that
the cXchongcabc value OF protected. and SINH.
lar Imported mnnuilcturcS, is increased by the
10 per cent duty lfthe planters consume of
these articles as large proportion as the other
classes, they bear their full shar. ocihe bur,hcn
imposed upon the CONSUMPTION of The country
IN addition TO that which they exclusively boar
IN their character If producers
For the sake OF pCrspicuity, we have spokcn
of the planters on the one hand, and the pro-
ieCtcd manufacturers on ;hc al her, us the only
producers rs pnclwcy affected. miuriously and
benefcialIy by the protecting duties Looking
To the entire effect Of these duties, however,
upon the planting and manufacturing States,
as divisions oItAc Union, we must extend our
views beyond the planters and manufacturers
Whatever destroys the prosperity of the great
and leading pursuits OF any community, and
greatly diminishcs the incomes ofthc produc-
tive capitalists, must produce a corresponding
diminullon IN the incomes of al the connect I'd
and dependant branches of industry. 1t is u
hackncyed remark that u single wealthy man,
eXpendlng large income, Will diifuse prosperi-
ty over whole neighbourhood and tins pros
perly will be proportioned TO the income expen-
ded. What then would be the increased
prosperity of oil classes in the cotton Dan
ting States, if the value of cotton were
raised two cents the pound and the
aggregate income OF the cotton planter, con.
sequontly, increased six millions of dolars7 But to
inc diminished income of all classes in the planting
states resulting from that of the planters we must
add the increased cost of all the domestic protect
cd and similar imported manufactures which arc
consumed IN those States. In speaking of that
consumption, some have strangely supposed that
IL Is confined exclusively to the planters, whereas
they do not constitute one-ifth part of the FREQ
white consumers. The planting States in the ar
grega'e undoubtedly, consume, in protected manu-.
features and in foreign imports, an amount very
nearly e4uai TO that of their exports. 1t cannot be
otherwise. What account can be given of the nro
Goods of their exports if it be not so? In what wav
do they appropriate or cxpend them? The only un
protected articles which the planting States pur
chase from the other States, 1.-Two stock from
tnc west, TO the amount, probably, of three mil.
lions OF doIiars and unprotected articles from the
horlh, to about half that amount; making i'm the
Whoie, four millions and Il half of dollars Bat
thcso are not paid for out of the proceeds o. the
staples exported. The cotton alone which is sold
TO the northern manufacturers, to say NOTHING of
rice, amounts to at least that sum-
And here we have another large addition to
the burthens imposed by the protecting system on
the planting States. 1t has been seen that tho
price OF cotton in the United States is diminished
two cents a pound by that system Estimat;np
the quantity of cotton sold to the northern manu-
iacturers at only one hundred and fifty thousand
bales, averaging 300 pounds, the lors upon it will
amount TO nine hundred thousand dollars; a loss
TO inc planters, which is a clear rain to the ma
nuiacturcrs. 1t is thus apparent that the northern
market, which has been represented as creating
an additional demand for cotton, is nothing more
than the substitution of artificial and a bad
market for natural and Il good one; and that the
indemnity which it has been supposed to
AFFORD to the cotton planters for their loss
upon what they. export, consists in the
additional loss of nearly a million of dollars
1t the protecting duties were repealed can it be
f,rn.
be produced for cotton to three times the extent
that the domestic demand would be dimnshed2
There is scarcely any limit to tho demand for our
COTTON IN Europe, If we will freely take manufac-
lures IN exchange for it. Let us suppose that the
repeal of the protecting duties would cause nh in
creased annual importation of foreign manufac
lures to the amount Of ten millions of dollars of
which four millions would be of cotton manufac-
lures. For the whole of this increased importa-
ton, cotton would be received, creating an increa
scd foreign demand for more than three hundred
thousand bales But the domestic demand for cot
ton would be diminished, only, by the substitution
OF loar millions of imported, for the same amount
OF domestic manufactures. And as the raw ma
terlal required for that quantity of manufactures
would not, at the utmost, amount to more than one
million of dollars, it. follows that the domestic de-
mand for raw cotton would be diminished about
thrty-three thousand bales only; and consequently
the increased aggregate demand for cotton abroad
and at home, would be two hundred and sixtvseven
thousand bales. This result will be fully under
stood when we reflect, that it would be produced
by removing the heavy incumbrance of prohibit
I'VE duties, which now impedes and shacllles the
intercourse ofthe planting States with their natu
raj markets. The natural market of all producers
Is that which will afford the best price and LARGEST
demand Tor their productions. The people of the
north understand this perfectly wcll and it is a re-
mark, as frequent it is just, that it is better for
the farmer there to give higher money price for
manufactures to the domestic establishments
winch VIII take tho productions of his farm in cx
change, than to obtain these manufactures at 4
much lower rate from the foreign establishments
which viii take scarcely any thing he has to live
a new demand, and almost Il new value is created
for his productions, by the domestic factories and
while he gives, nominally, more for manufactures
he gives really, much less. And il is strapue that
should not be perceived that what is true of the
northern farmers, is equally true of the southern
planters The European manufactures furnish
the natural market for the latter, for the same
reason precisely that the northern manufactures
furnish the natural market for the former. That
reason is, because the European manufactures
VIII take In exchange for their manufactures nine
hundred thousand bales of cotton, which the nor
thern manufactures will not, and cannot take. 1t
Is, therefore, in all respects unjust and tyranpi
cal, to obstFuct impede the free Intercourse of
the southern planters with their natural markets
abroad, as 1t would be to obstruct or impede in
like manner, the free intercourse Of the northern
farmers with their natural markets, the domestic
manufactures.
If Congress should entirely repeal the duties up
on imported manufactures, and lew an excise du
ty upon domestic manufa cturcs equal TO that
which is now laid upon those imported, II wonid
De nothing more than returning TO the lips Of the
northern manufacturers, and their associates the
poisoned chalce which they have so long holdto the
Ups OF the scuthoin planters. 10 wGs.1 We taxing
lnclf productions, and CXempHng those of the
south, precisely the productions Of the south
nave been taxed so many years, while those ofthe
north have been entirely exempted. But the com
tiulS he of Al