Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1832-07-04
WEDNESDAY, JULY 4, 1882.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
In CoNoREss, july 4, 1776.

In COSGRESs, JULY 4s lS|o'
When. in the course of human events, it be-
comes necessary for one people to dissolve the
NAUTICAL bands which have connected them with
another, and to assume, among the powers OF the
earth, the separate and equal station to which the
law of nature and Of natures God entities them,
decent respect to the opinions OF mankind re-
ouires that they should declare the causes which
impel them 10 the separation
I've hold these truths to be self.evi1ent: That
all men are created equal; that they are endow-
ed nv their Creator with certain unalienabe
rights; that among these life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness. to secure these
RIGHTS. governments are instituted among men,
deriving their Just powers from the consent OF
the governed: that whenever any government
becomes destructive to thOse ends. it is the right
of the people to alter to abolish il, and to in
stitute new government, laying its foundation
on such principles. and organizing its powers in
such form, as TO them shall seem most likely to
effect their safety and happiness. Prudence. in
deed, will dictate, that governments long esta-
bished should not be changed for light and tran
sient csuses; and accordingly all experience hath
shown. that mankind are more disposed to suffer
white evils are siderable, than to right them
selves BY abolishins the forms to which they are
accustomed But when long train OF abuses
and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same
object, evinces a design to reduce them under
absolute despotism, it is their right, 1t Is their
duty, 10 throw off such government, and to pro-
vide new guards for their future security. Such
has been the patient sufferance OF these colonies;
and such is now the necessity which constrans
them TO alter their former systems of government.
: The history of the present King Of Great Britain
il a history of repeated injuries and uSurpatons,
al! having direct object the establishment OF an
absolute tyranny over these states. To prove
this. let facts be submitted TO candid world:
Tie has refused his assent to laws the most
wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws OF
immediate and pressing Importance, unless sus-
pended in their operation till his assent should be
obtained; and when SD suspended, he has utter.
ly neglected to attend to them
He has refused to pass other laws for the &C.
commodation of large districts OF people, unless
these people would relnqush the rights OF re-
presentation in the legislatures right lnestlma-
Bile 10 them, and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at
places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from
the repository of their public records, Tor the
sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance
with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeat
vasions on the rights Of the people.
He has refused, for long time after such dis.
solutions, To cause others to be elected; whereby
the Legislative powers. incapable Of annhilation,
have returned to the people at large for their ex-
ercise, the state remaining in the mean time ex'
posed to all the dangers Of invasion rom with
out, aud conyulsions within.
He has endeavcred to prevent the population
of these states; for that purpose obstruc''ns the
laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to
mass others to encourage their migration hither,
and raising the conditions of new appropriations
of lands.
He has obstructed the administration Of JUS
tice BY refusing his assent to laws for establish.
ing judiciary powers
He has made Judges dependent on his will
alone for the tenure of their Offices, and the
amount and payment Of their salaries.
He has erected multitude Of new Offices, and
sent hither swarms Of officers, to harass our peo
ple and eat out their substance.
He has kept among US. in times OF peace,
standing armies, without the consent OF our le-
He has affected to render the military indie
pendent Of, and superior to, the civil power.
He has combined with others to subject Us to
n Jurisdiction foreign to our constitution. and un-
acknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to
their acts OF pretended legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops
among US:
Fur protecting them. BY mock trial. from pu-
nishmsnt for any murders which they should
commit on the Inhabitants Of these states:
For cutting of our trade with all parts Of the
world:
For imposing taxes on US without our consent:
For depri,ing Us, in many cases, Of the bene-
fits Of trial by jury: !,
For transporting US beyond seas, to be tried
for pretended offences:
For aboIishing the free system Of English laws
in a neixhbourins province. establishing an ar
hitrary government. and enlarsing its bounda-
RIGS. so as to render it at once an example and 1T
instrument for introducing the same absolute;
rule into these colonies:
For taking away our charters, abolishing our