Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1831-09-27

sisa'ures. TO provide for calling Convention 10 each
ate 70 decide wh.ther IL should be rsth.d by III.
STATE, which wss 10 tact 10 determine whether the
State would become parry TO the compact.
Inc people oil each Safe, accordingly, appointed OF
elected Convention to decide whether the Consi,u-
uon should be rauned or re-ced by The State in o,he
words. whether the ate would agree or refuse TO be
eome party 70 The compact.
The Convention Of eath ) ale, excep, two y,,iisd
the Contribution. Two ates rejected il, and dill 90
besoms parties 10 tbo sonp,es unt soms us, al rr IA
Government went INTO operation. No Que svpu,.e,i
tina, the al pton by the other bouod ,he Sst.,
that had rejeseit tie Connu.ion II wa, s,nit ed b,
all, Lat soS sts could be bou by the c,mpaci unie-
rauhed th. Z. nshiu'io aad lid STA Toe 1.
gisa lures OF the aztec w neompseBt TO 81 avg
State Coo',iiunons, aud hence they 90 pretend h.
decide the ratification oil the Coasi u,ion, which
detlsred 10 be psf amount 10 the ate Consiu oDs aud
changed to some ex,.n, al! oil thes The peopis Of
Sat- were alone eompeten, TO change tas Cou,, uop
oil the Sa,e--a the other a,eb uai,ed could not al
ter one title OF any ATE Cons,u ions. Cons aien,ly
10 power existed, c.n e.elt TO decide he ra6c1
ton Of the Constitution, bu, the people Of the STATE
respe c;ively. And The sovereign psoIe OF each ate
az State acting by It's Conv ion, iii I'd The Cons
,uion for the State and by that rat ic.'ion The
became patty 10 the compac. Subss QUE nuy, msuy
important amendments TO the C1nsmu,cn were ra ia Ell
by ,be State LegslaurtS, (power 10 do being gram
ed by the people Of tho 5 a'es respectively and
became a part Of the Constitution.
Ii seems perfectly clear. that 10 all these Transaction,
the Siaie' ard the pc cpis of he States rep Give y
acted, ia taei' Ioca character, as ate; aud the
Peoiie State or atior /. totally incon.i,en, vi the
io'egoing fAc's The ra IDEA lou It ii Coas,i'u
The U B., rs'ui'ed, maniieSly. poi ton h asieo, OF
MAORI Of tn peOii will in h. u s., but from she
a'sen OF eacn ae, ven by olven,on appointed by
tho Sta 2. Ii The propl-, within TIE ULion, had beet
regarded as one PEG ate ion, the wall II III
majority would have bound The minority. But ,he
ra'hsaion did not dep:nd on, IL made by, any
such mi ry or by tne majority # III aies, sui by
each Safe for itself
Nino States ou. Of thirteen were required 10 civ. ef-
IL bo md he AL INT pg
States alone. Although nine Sat we're r "a 70
give effect 20 IL, YET II might have been sdop ed by
minority o! those who resided within the United stes;
for The four largest stes were populo han the
other nine But il nine Ss'es ratf d lily bare ma
jotiy o. the people OF the Safes, bind those
States and OF course the old coaiederacy would have
ceased 20 exis. notwithstanding tn. people OF the iout
States reee,ing IT, nigh havs been more nuaero,
'bsu those OF the adopting 5 aies. inc ujus he
minority in each OF The States oppos. 81 90 its adj - ID,
"a go'ernmentthai might have been adopted by a
fragment OF the people within The United S,ste,, could
in no sense be coDsidefod as nstiousl I"
In the ConveD i'm OF Virginia, Mr.. Madi on said,
SHAT the people were parties l., tie government bnt not
lhe people as cemposIng one gTea bly, but cOmpos
ing thirteen sovereign ie; han were ii 'he &C, OF
former the asen OF the mel 1ri,y woull he su .nt
and ha, IN prity being 10y the adoption # Other S,a
obtained, Obey need not nav (hei) Il lbers,e %
(d) AMI w IL nigh MIR. Mad son Jay, he PEG; l.
In the United States one pe ID wsfe NJ, TO T. eide
on thu adoption o. The Constitution; Tor sush a comma
nifty such people never exitei, dill not thea exit,
and pevsf Can cxis go 10 as IN. IN Ih Uai-
n. DIX
(G) reported 10 have Sid. ',huif n governments was
consolidated (b) Cor N i,aa) C vernmeLt it Gus IL
TO Ss Ratified 10y the people iadivituas. and by
the ,as, mat II the ion .-g OF ates had "a iii d il,
as they contained ma ny VI she peop'e ,ba, would
have bound all the Saisr, which not log 20, proved
hot 10 be eonsoiasd @, iionaO G ,vein,nep'."
la the remarks OF Mr. Lee The dsjinsiion
which he takes between ae alton decidius by ,be
mpr vote OF the indivi.us ,,int it, aud the peo-
pie OF State acting as s ate, and dec d pg whehet
,hs Sac shall become party 10 hs conPlc
feleraey.
Tie Legisla'ure Of vrgiri,, In Lhe i.'on, Of
l79S, sh; M 'lha they view The p,vers oil hs L der.
Give'nmen' &c Renting rom he compact 10 which
the States are pUiies ani Nit Nj AdisIp i. ii rspor,
OF 1893, says "iha the Other po.ion nvoved in dir
branch Of the resouiJn, p.msly shat ths .a,es g
parties to the Consn nhon or coIpae, 10 in he Dig.
men. OF hs con miiee equally fres fo.n O 100 >
AgSD e says, " he te IN 1ies' las IL N an Ge psc
PIE competing those Polisal societies in iheir ghes
'Otereign capaci 'and again, "wba iTren CO.
rustions ri Tho term States h R.ou 10 =, (Txy-
o. Of 1889 may bave tesn en,trs neil, all VII sas,
eoacOr in IA las mentioned bscluie in hat sense the
Constitution wac subu ted The s dtes in that r-hsr
tho S'aies rain d IL, and 10 lhAi o! III ,efo
States they are parties 20 III conpic: from h li
the powers oil the Fsdera! G ,vrFnmeni resuu." &c
federal compasi is an agreement among S.a.ss
ready formed; IL MOI tie sci u ioEmng SDe 90
verrmeni by socs'y. When S a.es Gil! aud
form comps, tY winch sovernm Is insti u Cd IA,
government, iedeta.-Wh.n men eater. mo sotie'y
add form a . ) a,e Match" snd sovernment, II isns.
;onal or social When a'es slra'y eSisrrg entet
n'O comp CT and form a government, ;hey d, 10
ceaee 10 STATES and %
called sovereign may b. granted 90 sbe Fscerl
ment, and the may agree not exersi.e bose o.
any Other power, the exerc, Of which may OF b
calculated 70 pto,no ihs 'ereRs OF all long, how
ever, as he a'es exist and mus, in ih na'ure OF ihs
eomplet exs Tor domestic veil federal purp,ye
he union IL ia fcl we ss ia hebry Sieeeiacy
or Fsder'l G vsmmeO'. (d) Tn. G,vernne o! he
United ass was ed ed by eXi4 log sGv.si< lad
pendent 5 alts, zach having goverrmeni which wa.
social or naioual. Th:ss es exs, and m us sxi,,
Tor losa and domestic, ell as for f-deraI
lie NJ IN.
Sales remain under their .en,ite control; End their
agency is eae tal 10 he appointment oI S,nacrs tn
election Of Pce-idn;, &C.. (e.)
All other Federal G. vrTnn.enIs have ooerstsJ un,r
Too States HAT were parties 10 the compact aud
The people OF the Sac, and cOn,qIen iy 81 he,
Federal Governm have been IN, fi eLt and po wur-
esF 10 ma the ereaC vics G he articles Of couts
tcn consisted The defect had been severely feIi by
indi~idus aes, and by he U.i,sdS a,es. The r.
quisi ions OF Congress I'd bsen rsqp nt ;oalIy di
gadet ,aud he ) stes could nJtbs Cnefspr.-rhers
10 establish pefecl union ard remove bi ,acl-
cal vice whish had existed 10 al other conied aees
by toe compae,h vas stipulated hsi the govetnm sDi
sboul ae on the people, 10 alncs 81 ins
by which mssn' The government has been rendered
si"-.snt ThB shsFaet-r, howev r, f he govern.
oen has been chaDg'd by his graa' aud imno,isn i'm.
'rovsment u IL shll comp c, mad. hy s at-s, and
the States s exist Tor dome tic as well a, tererd pa.
pores and eoDs quenily the goveTnmt D s iedstal a.
no, ional.
To render the government 8 i'll more e. e-geie, and
'natl' IL lhs more tH.eulLy promote ,hs Interests
o. The States, be powers gtan,ed are more * sn,y.
han hose usually granted 10 coLi ,dsrsciss aud CON
domestic conee'ns are committed 10 the governnsr
out The eNa'ac'er Of his govgr:roe 10 rot hersLy
changed; u is still Federal aud national al hough
eDatIsd 10 consequence OF the gran, more X en-.
i've powers moie efiec' uaIy aivsnee the genera
welfare.
NJ 'wo eoDfsdersces ihal ever eSfed were prssisc-
~ ahke IN their DssUenis the Is en- OF peir
powers, bu' these d!snilrisies di no render Che a.
pa" "a; 'hey were s'ili F-iersi g.v'rn nenh.
AZ Sales arc opal ard coDfederscies are formed b.
o'a'es, eeth might insia OF equal wsshi in ,ae conf
9eraey Ia ~ nigh be- 20 uch lhc interest SOM