The Arkansas advocate., 1831-06-29


 dent ot Poland, and of much greater extent to the north and east than at pre- sent, until 1886, Jagellon, one of is Dukes, married the only daughter oi King Lewis, of Poland and Huagaria. and undertook to convert all his people to christianity, after which, lie was crowned King of Poland, and united all his possessions 10 that kingdom.
 The mass of the Polish nation is des- eended from the ancient Leeehi, Sla- voDie race, and the several dialects in their tongue arc probably owing to the mixture of the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes, which eitherby conquest or inva- sioh became incorporated with the first settlers. Their government was anelcc- tive monarehy-the king was chosen by diet of nobles and clergy, from which the other classes were excluded. and anarchy and contention were the gener- al concomitants of their deliberations.
 In the beginning of the last century, the Poles elected for their king, Angus Jus, ltleetor of Saxohy, bet the king having entered in secret league with the Gar Peter, for the dsmemberment of some of the southern provinces. on. the Baltic, f~om the kingdom of Sweden, the young King Charles 18th, with the raPidity of lightning, and before he could obtain succor from his ally, not only deprived him of the throne of Po- land, but obliged him to sue for peace. Through his influence, the Polish diet then proceeded to elect for their king, Stanislaus Lesczynsky, Polish noble man, whose daughter afterwards marri- ed Lewis i5th. King of France. The loss of the battle of Pultowa in i709, and the subsequent misfortunes of the ad- yenturous Charles, again placed Augds- tus on the throne of Poland, and at his death in l934, the same dissensons took place in the diet, Stanislaus Lesczynslzy was again called by part of the diet, whilsta minority. elected the. son of the Elector, Augustus 3d, who by force of arms drove Lesezynslzy into exile and seized the seeptre.
 By the intrigues and powerful infIu-s enee of Catharine 2d, of Russia, the diet chose after short interregnum in l769, Stanislaus Poniatowsky, a Polish nobleman of great merit, and ap accom- p!ished scholar. Through him she hop ed to gain an entire aseendaney over the destinies of that distracted country, torn to pieces by intestine broils and the refractory spirit of the nobes. A conspiracy was formed to abduce the king, at the head of which were the Count Pulaski and many other high mo- blemen. Whether it was from patriot isn', aaa under the impression. that in possessing themselves of the person of the king, they would guard against any undue influence of the willy Catharine, over the grateful mind of the gallant monarch; or whether they were actuat- ed by sinister motives, remains yet to be told. The king, however, after three days fatiguing travel, made hls escape :; and soon after, at the conference of pil- nitzi in i772, part of Poland was peace ably divided between Catharine IL. of Russia, Frederick II. of Prussia, and Joseph H. of Germany. The troubles in Poland did not cease to exist, ,however, till in the year l792, the Polish nation, reused 10 sense of their danger from continued anarchy, framed new and more liberal constitution, after the mo- del of the French of l7S9, which the king swore to adhere to. Catharne pretended to be alarmed at these inno- vations, so near to the seat of her pow CT, and proposed a new coalition for the urtherdismefnbcrmento of Poland. which was quietly effected in l793, by bfibing over a large partof the discontented mo- bility to her interest, and to overawe more effectually the rest, which still ad- hered to the new order of things, she threw large garrison into the capi- tai.
 Thus entirely dissolved, this unhap- py nation sighed under the yoke of for eigninvaders tillthe spring of l795, when oppressed to degree more than they were able to bear, the people of War saw rose upon the garrison killed many and expelled the rest. An instruction spread all over the country, watered by the Vistula,-u up as far as Cracow, and infected even some of the provinces newly acquired by Prussia. Gen. Kos ciusiklo was called to command an army. which had been assembled in haste and was badly organized. 0therable Gen erals were also raising corps in Upper Poland, and the revolution appeared for