Litchfield enquirer., 1831-08-25
Illustrations Of the POlisk TVar.
 IFTtHFJANfA -'s

LfrilUANIA.
 Ldtluania the former name of an exten.
 sIve tract ofcountry lying between Poland
 and Prussia, and now forming the three
 Russian governments of Wilma. Grodno. and Minsk. Itwas divided into two parts. called Saniogitia and Lithuallia proper.
 Lithuania proper was formerly divided into the palatinates of Troki and Wilma. Itis very fiat, generally sandy, and intersected by vast9marshes and bogs, exhibiting in all directions tha aspect of1a neglected and liali-ciyilized country. 1t is covered with immense forests, abounding in bears. wolves, wild boars, and otIler animals. Among these the lrus, or wild OK. is be- coming rare, and seems to diminish both in size and strength. The most common trees are the pine, tho oak, and the elm. An immense quantity, of pot-ash and pcarl- ash IS annually drawn from these woods. Inc pasturage in many parts is excellent. The cattle is ofa better breed than in Rus sia and the wool of tho sheep is tolcr- ably good. There is good deal of land fit for the culture of wheat; but buck wheat is raised in preference.
 The Lithuanians seemto be of the same race with the Samogitians, and resemble the Poles and Russians. Their appear tance announces extreme poverty. Their dress is a coarse shirt, covered by a wool- len cloak and drawers and sometimes mere- Iy a slIeepskin. Their shoes arc made of bark. Their carts are entirely of wood, without single piece of iron sand even the harness oftheir horses is often made of the more flexible branches ofirees.s L.ith- uania was annexed to Poland towards the end of the fourteenth century.
 SAMOGITTA. @@
 Samogitia, or Szamait, a tract of country in Russian Litllu ania, forming the norlll- west part of that great province, and bearing he title of County. titles to the sontll of Courland, and to the north of Prussia Proper, having part of its western bounda- ry along the Baltic, but without any har- bor of consequence. 1t is very back ward country, the inhabitants living in wretched novels, one end of which is occu- pied by their families, thc other by their ;attle. These cottages arc in general log nuts, having the interstices filled with bark, moss. or straw, and tho top terminating in ] point. with hole to give vent to Ihe moke. The clothing and agricultural im- l clements of tho inhabitants are equally ude. their shoes being made of bark, their ,cver greased, tisir psolghs V iWlt1ihsoit iron: A great part of the countryis covered with orests in these bees abound, and afford 10th wax and honey, two important arti- les of export. The wild animals are ,ears and wolves; occasionally the elk md wild OK. The soil is in many parts productive. The climate, though cold in winter, is so warm in summer, that the :iops, not only of oats and barley. but sheat, would be abundant, if the cultiya- ion were not so indifferent. The inhabit- lnts appear to be of two races, ono rather all, descended from the Wends the other Ihort, but robust, more similar to the Le- honians. Their language resembles the other. dialects of the Gothic, and is not un- routil; but many of their customs are con- linued without improvement since the days of their uncivilized ancestors. r
 voLHYNIA.
 Volhynia, an extensive government of the Russian empire, lying to the east of the Kingdom of Poland, between the gov crnments of Grodno and Podolia. Its tcr- ritorial extent is 29 800 square miles, and its population about ,2OO, ,OOO, little more than half the number of Scotland on sur facc of equal extent. While Poland was entire and independent. Volhynia formed a province of that Kingdom, which border ed with the Ukraine on the south-east 1; nor doesir yield to the Ukraine in fertili- ty. Tie soil is generally chalky, but in some places marshy, and in many rich vegetable mould. The climate is in gen- eral temperate. Its produce consists in wheat, nnllet, and rye. It's pasturages are extensive. but great part of the surface is forest land, affording striking proof oftho hackwardness of country favored in soil and climate, but deficient in an outlet for its products. From its situation on the frontier of Poland, Volhynia has often been exposed to the evils of invasion. In l6l8, the Tartars made an incnrsion into it, carried off great booty in cattle and other property, and led number of the in- habitants into slavery. Since I793, it has been in the possession of Russia. Its chief town has been for some tinlo Zyio- miers.
 N POLISH GENERALS.
 General Kickj, who fell in the late.sa .guinary battle at Os,rolenka between the Poles and the Russians, was . avery distin- Fgh isIed officer. For many years lle wal the confidential Aide-de- Camp of the late Prince Joseph PoEiatowski, whom he ac-