The Arkansas advocate., 1831-01-12
HORTICULTURAL.
From the New England Farmer. Q isss5 ffiiss A fI0NS 0N ORCHARDS ON THE
 APPLE TREE.


 Their naGnag gemeat &c.--yNotes on foantatas,
 sIzE AND AGE FOX rRsNsPLA NrTNa.
 An apple tree, when finally transplanted to the orchard ought to be al least six or seveni feet in height, with branches in proportion, and full from tic 5dd, ;i,lt, thrift. spplc tress under this size belong properly to the nur- >segl. taking themup, particular eareshoull bc taken to eAtraet, Il possible, ,theirreets ell tire.
 Soi5 and situatlon.--A rich soil, rather moist than dry, IS that adapted to the apple tree; but but what IS usually termed deep pan soil, is always to be preferred.
 Osi such soil, whether on the plains, in the y;liiey, or tiie sides and summlls of the great hills, which are almost always found to consist of rich land, and even in situations the most ex- posed, the apple tree will flourish.
 Che q the most productive apple orchards B the immediate vcnty,is situated on the north and west sides of a mil the most exposed to cold winds. This orchard was set by the late Iitn- othy Jackson, Esq., and though not of any great extent, and though not perhaps yet in it's prime, it produces annually about 400 barrels of valu- able fruit.
 The soil of great hills is generally of far sgl- perior quality to that of the plains, and it is q verytnistaken opinion which seems adopted by many, that the soil of all hills must of necessity be dry and deficient of moisture. It the plains and knoils that are too generally thus deficient; i; not the great hills which arealmostalways found ,aboundinginsprings.
 This erroneous conclusion has been inferred from the supposition that the subterraneous re- seryoirs which supply these numerous spring, which issue from the sides of most great hills. {and which must be supposed of necessity, to be more elevated than the springs themselves) re- ceive their supplies wholly from the rains and dews which fall on their sides and surnnlits.
 These causes, however, seem totally insuffi- eient to account for this phenomenon: for much ot the rain which falls on the hills glides off sell dom penetrating more than few inches But thesudden rise of our springs and fountains of every description and of eveiy situation late iil the autumn, and which always indicates that winter IS nigh, even at our very doors. should convince us that the rains alone which fall. are not primary causes:--for they rise invariably at their appointed time, equally with or without their intervention.
 It has been observed, that on the destruction of the forests, many of the springs disappear. Forests undoubtedly, by their shade. have a ten dency to keep the soil cool, and consequently prevent the evaporation of its moisture. Ithas therefore been supposed by some, that the forests which crown the summits of many of our hills and mountains, have the effect of absorbing by means of their leaves. moisture, from the afmos- sPheres which is thence conveyed through their trunks and roots to the earth, to replenish the fountains. They instace insproof of this, the clouds, so frequently seen lowering over those high hills andmountains as though attracted by them
 The truth however, may be, perhaps, only the more distinctly perceived by renouncing such theories altogether, and by attrbuting this phenomenon to no other cause than eyapora- ton.
 The leaves of trees, if it be admitted that they sometimes may inhale, have nevertheless the property of fexilaling moisture very copious- ": and as to those clouds so often seen hover lpg oyer the tops of mountains as thev arc eyer