Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1831-11-25

1.-Two delusion British influence, afforded pretexts lat
tery to the opponents oil the protective SYSTEM which
Il Is proper TO dspel II Is long since believed
In the power OF propeiug boats by steam, and every
one believed that the British debt to be paid OIL by
tho sinking fund; similar mistakes exist as 10 Free rade
As municipal principle, there is no question oil the
great adv antages OF Free Trade Inc onieu states,
In their coas,ing trade and domestic exchanges ai'ord
the most striking illustrations OF them ever Witnessed
but a, bety nations, there Is tree trade
there never wss-,here never con belt would con-
travene the arrangements OF Providence, which distr-
butte mankind Into different communities, separated ORR
einsIy by confusion Of tongues, and prevented from all
rushing together into the most favored ATTITUDES, by To-
cal attachments and foreign antipahies, which the
germs OF national preservation, by means OF national
emulation.
Much OF the suffering which it's alleged is felt in
certain portions OF the United States f their complaints
have in fact any iounoaon) is TO be attributed TO the
very ccunsance that they placed in the circle oil
twenty enjoying the most complete
freedom OF trade the operation oil which has been 10
pose those no have not the inclination 10 employ their
labour to the full extent Of its capacity, 10 the severe ri
vAly Of industrious and thrifty communities, lv
Ing under the protection Of the same general govern
ment.
N,j,n. arc adversary 10 sseh other; their conner
ciai inersours. 4, regulated by treaties always made
thos bo,i es whish are OF perpetual reenrreeev The
vrxAious provincial tsrF. WI formerly feefed in
tersourse ard aimost Destroyed rais In The interior OF
naous rugs sied the idea Of that &c trade. which has
tirs, been understood and esreg'cn,y misapplied BY
mere 81, cuia,ivs wrera-The tariff sst', which even
no W impose duties the wines Of Spain al provincial
vanses Tor which FREQ trade Is happy subs',u,e-bu
the principle 10 entirely municipal ADD Ia no re'p,s
sppl cable, wi,hou, disadransg' 10 Independent
,ions-Tho vessl, Of The United Saes are navig.tcd
with fewer hards and mako their voyages in .hor,er
psriod. than o,hcr,;hepcs. what, called the rcsi.
prosi'y principle, originating in the hs heay between
the United Sta aud France, ha, been wisely pFo6er.
ed by the United State. to naty other nations, bssau,e
10 SUPP csed that our nav gaon would suppant ibeirs
But he artificial 'ysemt OF Ergisnd, FiancP, Spain
rnd ,hs c,her ma ions wi which The Usited States
iavs 1st b.b
that any approximation 10 ,hs oo:Dg of free trade
should be arranged between hem, EVENLY r.ay. For
Us TO attempt wi lie they r. jeci II, would be
psts surrender OF ourselves AZ voluntary sacrifice 10
The policy aud supdi,y o. foreign govotnmen's 10 creae
government for ths beneh OF others and not for
ssve.. A tariff OF duties on commerce between New
York and Jersey We uld bs injurious az nsor-
s,i,uiiortl Free trade b. tween hess and among
s he s,s,ss Of he Union is hs main spring OF general
welf,re-spd one OF toe strongest links OF Tho chain
that connects then; bu free ,rads between New York
and Liverpool would ruin the farmers OF England
through our 'uperebuDdsn breaI.sof,, aud hs manu-
feeurer OF the UDted States by hs superior capital
and proficiency of Epglsnd in manufactures, and the
cegrsd ID state OF the operttve'. IA unresirs'ed iu
tesour.. between tuo ions reduces the labour OF
his scale OF compensation with the labour
IT ,h. her aud such cons qusDte 10 eeriairy TO be
6eprs Gated by that leu whose labour s.osd hiebes
The ssale. This consideration forms striking argu-
ment against The policy Of sush system bstwseD
foreign siaer-Whiie, The other hand, il 10 loss
desirable that, snong,t the fepsrsie communities az
.osa,ej upd-r Tho ,eme government, ihi, reduson OF
the higher Iabour 10 the stale Of the lower should take
place, nasmuch the Interests OF these domes. com
Dunite, equally she obess Of tho profession and
solici'ude If their ecmmcn governors,
The fees OF free trade l., after all, but ehsr;e ed
bsriine;-The UIi,ed States could not sh,re their
eoasiing trade with Eog!snd without disadvapiage:-
tho most exiravs9snt advocates Of free trade O !, be-
evsd) have never yet dreamed Of sharing QUO trade
with ioregners.-To throw open the Ohio and Musia-
stppi. the Hudson and The Delaware 10 British French
aud Dutch navig stion would be tl advansge 10 our
own-E.s gland could no, open her maritime coal trade,
The great nusstry OF her ssameu, to the enterprs- OF
New England, without losing al least one half OF II -
She even refuses US passage through Ia, ST. Law
renee, although we ri of ha, river The Rrea..
est ~mmerSsl naons OF the middle Sges, the Fl
A,ie Ls,9ue. and Holland, The maritime wond Of ne
world became sush by The eBslusivs joyme nj Of the
,heries aud tito irade 10 India and other mopopoits
which they maintained at hs chargo OF long ard bloody
war.-E England struck Tie vital blow a, HI AID, no,
90 much by naval victories a, by Ter navigation ac,
Tia commercial and the military marine OF the United
States have risen to eminence upon similar
With fres trade wo should have neither the one nor
tho other, bu be poor, dependent pa, oral psopIe
II 10 only about ten years since projse fr reducing
the duties was FIRST suggested in England, 10 petition
donIn 1925 some slight aud cautious redus,ion, were
accordingly made, but in nothing 10 Attest the sommsr-
sis monopoly and maritime asceLdancy Of Gfeat Bf.
tain. Her colonial sonmerso 10 mostly exc,u.iye-
Tbs freedom Of the trade ct the Susqu.hanna river
in dispute between The states Of Maryland, penn
syiyania and New York. So nirac,abie 1. fee trade
10 fse while fruitful Of speculation. Within lie W
years Russia, mitled by hs ds!usisD, and II Hand un-
der his influence OF England, made experiments Of free
trade, which Russia room found Inole:atls and lbaL
donsd and whish has contributed 10 reducing Hoa nd
rom bep tho richest na,ion CT Enrope being
Of he moo, Impoverished AID Indebted. la fue
Inc dOgmeS Of fee trade. which said TO be taught 10
sGl.ses may. seIvs 10 Dhine youthful Magma
tom, but, as tbty have never as,uatsd BrasiisaI
statesman, ihey eau misleaJ any well-ir formed
MUD. What i, called the American Sysien, il she
Of Europe; s the universal sys,e m;apd The
experience and common sense OF mankind be any
lard OF rgh') s the true and the emily system Of in
terso1r,e among nstion'.
T. ia hat Iaa h.If.
enlightened philosopby has been applied 10 ,6s
aiTiis OF mankind that political omy IL mush bet
ter md rsioo its principles more full deveiopsd and
judsiousy appi ed. Tbs and experience OF
former times, aud 10 develops snd multiply the true
soufsss OF national wealth. But the modern theory ia
nc, soneot with The attainment OF Irssieal benefits
merely seek. by an unqualified application OF GER
tain gIe ai principles, TO produss thorough reyolu.
ton in tbs business Of men TN the relations OF nations
IL gains ih.so rcmes VI visionary good and pras
ita mischief, tha we desire all Of Tefeetion and
sober judgment TO make sand. We ask them 10 look
the present condition OF soUniIy and 10 examine
hs operation OF the present system upon oil hs great
utsre. Above all, we ak them to look to the pras.
tise OF al foreign nations, rather than the sp.cua
tons Of their writers. They will then find that ihose
who have taught This theory oes trade TOO sc
to practice that they soDiiDue 10 and Risa,e
upfn the sysiem 81 protecting their indusTy tho
OF their wfi,ers and orators recommend ts all
other Da,ions 10 abandon H.
A reference 10 our own experience 10, however, IL
bss criterion, by hch to test tbs correcnss sf The
system wb ch we support. IL 10 not new hs pripsi.
pie applied We have already ss,ed 10 our raw.
Eaon, from this esGblishmeBi OF tbs Federal consu.
ton ohibng foreign shippirg from tho coastinR trad,
alto Their, and imr osng high discriminating duy on
foreign tonnage. Ii ibis d elimination ha, been aban
doped in respect 10 those nations who would son,snt 40
system II reciprocity involves surrender OF ihe prn
sple Trade only be sarried bsiwsen nations by
mutual agreement; aud mutual proe sion leads to reel
pEosy ssihe only equitable eat Tao eehao-
10 arts have aso been the ,utj OF protection from this
essah'ishmeLt Of the government; and ~ ssnnot be