Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1831-10-31

The following ah!c shows the rapid and ssluta
Ty increase Of tho United States tonnage under the
protecting system.
1852 26l,552 tons. i796, $4,000 tons.
1891, 5o2,II6 i79s S28,32s
1882, 562i37 " 1892 946, i0S
1893, 49, $500. 972'tD2
l734, 625 SIG lsOl 10232IS
1913, 1863 Idsin, 317.
Here make a stand, ana solemn appoa! not
10 the leading nufers, whose grand object APP
pears 10 be, to scccdc from the union and TO make
charleston free Portt-nor TO men of blood, who
talk with sang .Jroi3, of ''actng over again. the
hoart-rcndng "scenes Of the rcvolution"6 (whcm
men were shot dead by their ncghbors in s. Car
DINA and Georgia. az their firesdce and in their
BEDS as 1t war were mere a'nuscment--a ioust,
toGrnamoai-hni 10 the unsophjstcatc;l good sense
of the lovers OF peace and order. 70 these. I'M
douJting OF tho issue, | appeal TO decide, whether
those al!-important facts, which no sophistrv can
put down or evadc, do not sottc tho question OF
free trade" for over. That .swoodon goddess"
tho object of the idolatry of many OF our citi-
zens had rearlY six years unshachlnd operation to
dispense the blessings which, according TO their
villa theories, sho brings in her tram. What were
the fruits OF her long rcion7 She spread dcsoIa-
ton over the face of the laud-curscd us with pa
per money, tcnder la ss Northumberland ina,,rrcc
tionT-and, as regards tonnage she so IA Grin,
pied the energies of our mcrch 1n:E, BODY o men
not yielding enterprise and ardour and Skill and
industry 10 any other in the world that they had
not, c. stated in my former number TONNAGE sniff
cient TO transport the small amount of our nrodu.
tons! This was the result Of nearly SIX years OF
'frce trado,' when merchants were nj perfect
liberty to apply their labor and their capital in tn,
way thoy conceived best calculated 10 promote their
own interest," which they understood better than
1t could DC by the government We have scen in
strong contrast The wonderful inc-easc of our ton
mage that resulted from those restrictions which
were imposed by the first Congress under the new
constitutions and which, according to the ford
language OF Mr. BerFicn, necessarily operate to
dmnin;sh the aggregate amount OF rroIict;on-in
other words to diminish tho amount Of TIE neces-
saries amd conveniencr- Of LIE
In any other science than political economy
such strong facts az the preceding would pat the
DRY to Hight at once. Bat in political economy,
the science on which, of ali others tho hapnrcss
of mankind most materially depends facts and
experience are set al defiance, and crude theories
rejected BY the most profound statesmen, ana
found, whenever cssaycd, 10 he frar ght with de-
s.uctIon, are ably advocated by powerful men
with ZEAL and atdor, and devotion, which apDear
wholly unaccouniablc.
The old and shoots of political economists
differ widely on another point, analogous 10 the
orc discussed IN the preceding observations Tho
latter assert that whenever nation is Dc for any.
particular branch OF industry, (hat is TO saw when
II has adequate capital, raw material and Skill
that branch will grow up spontaneously, and
there orc neTcr requires the ali OF Governments
The former hold, however suitable anv nivsn
branch OF industry may be 20 the climate and pro-
auctions of a country, or to the skill OF industry
OF IFS inhabitants, that IT, can scarcely ever be os
tahishcd extensively without tho s6sterinr prnfnc
ton OF government in its incipicut state
Ii ever there were branch peculiarly fitted for
any particular country, the cotton branch was E: ted
for the United States, from the time when we en-
tered on the culture of tie staple We had coDit,I
and the raw material in abundance, and also M
mcrous European emigrants who had arrived in
this country in tie hope of employment: but after
eShausting their slender means, h1d returned dis
appointed ana hcar;-brokcn. O .itizons moro
he -,
priced by the free trade conventions .'of apDlyinr
their labour and industry, in the mode which they
might conceive best calculated to promote their
interests" The s.intcrforencn IF onycr,,
mcnt," so much deprecated, was withheld for TWEEN
ty years. from 1889 till the restrictive system ard
the What was the result?
Our exports of cotton in
five years, from 1888 BIS AVERAGE
to l19T inclusive, 18,260,S!S 1869 IN
In five years from 1898
to 1902, s5.Gt.3l7 II 03a $50
1909 1909 to 1891 1891 22I7,23o,675 43,4l6,l35
During ell TINS long period. when we had such I'm,
Portant advantages for the cotton branch, Mr. Gal.
latin shall inform us what was its progress.
Tho first cotton mill was erected in the stat. nj
z. Island in the year 1871! another in the s,mc
STATE in 1885," and two NOR, in tho Stale or AI,.
sachusettsiu the years of 1903 and .l"m.*
Such, under the benign auspices of .'free trade
was the wonderful progress ofthis branch OF indus
try, so peculiarly adapted to this country, and
which now consumcsnearIy fifth part of the cot
ton crop of tic L. States. During this time ver
ons attempts had been made in different parts of
the u. States to establish cotton ficterss; nn,our
the rest, ono, with capital Of S5Oo,G9n At Pa;tcr
son. ~ but tho few mentioned by Mr. GaIa,in
had failed, 10 the ruin Of the projccora while NC
were receiving miserable coarse muslius from The
We hIrc worn, that Congress shall al ON dcnarG
repeal tie tlrH. IL does NOT uur ~f.f !rgi. ,,r
WI dissolve oar ccnns>'on with ,e Union, aud s. e