davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1831-02-28

RECEIPTS. oLLARs
Balance in the Treasury February Esd, 1880 1874 70
Cash of Charles Scott Collector for the Northern District
for the assessment Of $780, viz for Ward No. $3.50 81 1850, 90
Ditto ditto for Ward o. 5 3,o4o o. A''i %
Cash Of William Fox, Collector for the Southern District
for the assessment of 1880, viz for Ward No 1 1865 10 mo
Ditto ditto for Ward No. a 1894 SO 7|Ss %
Cash Of Charles Scott for Tavern Licenses 49 mm
of William Fox OF ditto 6S 69
Cash of Charles Scott on account of old balances put into
of John c. Mandel on acct of balances for 1929 44s 81
of Richard Shackeford on old balances 966
of John Johnston IS
Of the Auditor taxes of L. A. Washington 8 .,.
of ditto taxes Of Thornton Cump $50 ~"
Cash for Taxes on account of subscription to the Middle
Of Charles Scott for 1880 loss =
Cash N account of old balances of Road Tax, viz:
of Charles Scott 1913 25
of John c. Mandel &c 90 149 IS tWS %
Cash of William D. Mutt for Auction License ss 81 Ass :
of George White ditto 23 .
Cash Of Birch & Hancock, consables, for Dog Tax for 1880 s6 SO
of Richard shackiefod for old balances on Dog Tax 4s "a W
Cash Of the Mayor for fines and fofehures SIS 6s
of ditto received by him from Newton Keene. ESQ. 90 90
of Adam Lynn, ESQ. for fines and fofatures Is so WI"
Cash of James Mcclure for old Iron solo to Hugh Smith
Cash Of John Shakes, Wegher and Inspector Of Hay, ASK
of the Auditor old due bills reissued 1854 90 NJ
of ditto new bills 5000 90 S"4
of M. Miller & Son and iona. Janney aO7 90
of Samuel Wheeler for Stalls 20 90 -,
of WIN. Fox collected by him 4S 81 ~r
45,s1s So
Balance in Treasury 1886 S.
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1831-02-28

10 amount Of 5 per cent. Of funded debt
6per cent. do do
due bills in circulation
loan for Middle Turnpike Co.
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1831-02-28
CORPORATION

A Summary Statement Of the Expenditures g Receipts Of the Corpora
tom Of alexandria, for the gear ending 28th February, 1881.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
EUROPEAN NEWS.
SIXTEEN DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE.

BY the arrival of the ships Napoleon
and Canada, at New-Yo ork, from Liver
pool, the editors Of the New ork pa
pers have received their regular files of
London papers to the 4th ult. and Liver
pool to the 9TH. We have copied from
the Courier and Enquirer, the following
articles Of intelligence.
ENGLAND.
Incendiary acts still continued in the
southern countries Of Eng gand, but in the
midland, they had somewhat decreased
Special commissions had been issued to
try numerous persons charged with at
tempts to create disturbances, and the
Government had published a notice cal
ling out the miitia--a measure more
strongly indicative of the disturbed state
of the country, than any that has fallen
under our observation. Meetings on
Parliamentary reform, became every
where more numerous; in Scotland par
ticularlv new and generous feeling on
this subject seemed to prevail, and had
evinced itself in all the principal towns
A dissolution of Parliament was spoken
of in case it should not sanction the
measures Of reform which it is said the
Ministers intend to proposed to it, with
the full concurrence of the King.
FRANCE.
The trial Of the ex-minister. has ter
minated; we have only space to-day to
give the sentence passed on them by
the chamber Of Peers. The people Of
Paris were in state Of the greatest ex-
citement during its progress, and the go
vernment displayed large military force
to prevent the commotions they appre-
hended. A correspondent says, "the
great square of the Louvre presented
one dense mass Of n ational Guards fully
equipped. The cannons were all serv-
cd and the streets upon the quays wero
all paraded by strong piquets. The cav
airy were mounted and the Lancers and
Chasseurs Of tho line had hay slung over
the saddles Of their horses as ready for
active service" Notwithstanding these
imposing demonstrations, appearances
became more threatening, and when the
alarm was greatest, General Lafayette
repaired to the place Of confinement OF
the Ex-mnisters, demanded a bed m
their prison, and said he would not 9oh
it until the sanctuary Of the laws was as
sured. Happily no serious consoqoen'
ces ensued and the men themselves sre
now left to ponder over their ioIi'es OF
their crimes in perpetual seclusiop.
There appears to be other causes now
ever. which have continued to agtass
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16

1913, Canonicut Island or rather Quon-
oquot, was Incorporated Township by
the Name Of Jane mestown. In 1893, the
Lands properly called Narrag an.et, were
divided into the two Townships of North
and South Kingston In 1893, the whole
Colony was divided into three Counties,
for the Ease Of the Inhabitants. And
1880, the Town Of Providence was divi-
ded into the four To,ons of Providence,
Smith6eld, GIdcester, and Scituate. The
whole Land being filled with Inhabitants,
partly by the coming in of some few from
other places, but chiefly by the natural
increase Of the first settlers. In 1888,
the Town Of Westerly was divided, and
the casterly part Of it, erected into a
Township by the Name of Charlcstown
In the foresaid year 1880, there was by
the Kings Order, an exact Account taxi
en- Of the Number of souls in the Colony,
and they were found to be no less than
Serentecn Thousand Nine Hundred and
Thirty Fire, of which no more than Nine
Hundred and Eighty Fire were Indians;
and One Thousand Sir Hundred and
Forty Eight Ntgroes-so that the En-.
glish in all, were Fifteen Thousand Three
Hundred and Two. Some Of the princi-
pal Persons who came at first to this Is
land, removed again in little Time
some to Long-Island, some to Massachu-
sets again. A considerable number
likewise removed to the other Towns in
this Colony, and many settled in the
Parts adjacent, that are within the Colo
ny of Plymouth. Nevertheless in 1880,
the inhabitants of the whole Island, were
Fire Thousand four Hundred and Fifty
eight; and of this Town, -Four Thousand
Sir Hundred and Forty. The trade and
Business of the Town at the First, was
but very little and inconsiderable, con-
ssting only Of little Corn and Pork, and
Tobacco, sent to Boston for few Euro
pean goods they could not subsist without,
and all at the Mercy ofthe Traders there
too.-"
To be Continued.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
From the Able Raynal.

FRIENDLY MoNITIoNs FOR AMERICA.
People of America. let the example of
all the nations which have preceded
you, and especially that of the mother
country, instruct you! Be afraid Of the
influence of gold, which brings with lux
ury the corruption of manners, and con-
tempt Of laws! BE afraid Of too une quail
a distribution Of riches, which shows
small number Of citizens in wealth, and
great number in misery-whencc arises
the incidence of the one, and servility of
the other. Guard against the spirit of
conquest. The tranquility Of empire de-
creases as it is extended. Have arms
for your defence, but have none for Of
fence. Seek ease and health in labors,
prosperity in agriculture and manufac-
lures; strength in knowledge and virtue.
Make the sciences and arts prosper,
which distinguish the civilized man
from the savage. Especially watch o.
yer the education Of your children.
1t is from public schools, be assured,
that skilful magistrates, disciplined ami
courageous soldiers, good fathers, good
husbands, good brothers, good friends,
and honest men come forth. Wherever
we see youth depraved, the nation is OIL
the decline. Let Liberty have an i'm
movable foundation in the wisdom Of your
constitution; and let it be the cemen,
which unites your states, which cannot
be destroyed. Establish no legal pre-
ference in your different modes of wor-
ship. Superstition is everywhere inno-
cent, where it is neither protected nor
prosecuted. And may your duration be,
jrpossible, equal to that fhe ncOrld.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
NEW AND CHEAP GOODS.

ENARVEY SESSIONS, has received his early
n 4 supply QUESTIONABLE of GOODS, among
them are the following, viz
Broad-clcths, black, blue, olive, and mkt cas-
simeres; ditto Pelisse cloths, ditto English merinos:
merinos, circassans, black Bombazines, levantines,
and lustrngs, Canton and nankeen grapes, mourn
ing ginghams, light ditto. elegant Foulard and
French prints, merno shawls, s. hdkfs. berage
and silk handkerchiefs Horskin gloves and mitts,
6g d annels bombazetts for children red, white,
yellow, and green fannels; blue silk and imitation
cambets, brown camblet, plaid camblets, Scotch
plaid, Tartan ditto, Rob-Roy plaids, black and
slate worsted hose, white Vigona ditto; black,
slate and white ribbed worsed do; o. and Sd
linen damask, Russia diapers, ditto sheetings, sat
tinetts, tickngs, checks,-and great variety Of
other goods, too numerous to mention in an ad-
vertisement, all of which will be sold low for cash,
or approved paper
Newport, Oct. 6, 1880.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
HARTFORD CONVENTION.

AT the late session Of the Superior
Court at Fairfield, Conn. Hon. ROGER
M. SHERMAN, a member of the far fam
cd Hartford Convention Of 1914, was
put under oath, and testified as to the
proceedings Of that meeting. An action,
it seems had been brought in this Court,
in the name of the State, against Whit
man Mead, charging him with the pub
lication of certain libellous articles, one
Of which compared a recent political
meeting at Hartford with the Hartford
Convention. The defendant supposed
that full development ofthe proceedings
Of that Convention, would furnish legal
vindication the article in question. With
view to such development, he wished
the testimony of certain individuals, a
mong whom was MIR. Sherman. A
sketch of this gentleman's testimony,
"exact in substance, and very nearly in
his own language" is given in the Nor
walk Gazette, which we have copied be-
low
Question by the Prisoner.-NVhat was
the nature and object of the Hartford
Convention.
Ansuer.-I was a member of that
Convention 1t met on the 18th of De-
cember, 1914 The United States were
then at war with Great Britain. They
had, in their forts and armies, twenty
seven thousand effective mcn-of these
about thirteen hundred only were en-
ploycd in New-England. The war had
been in operation two years and halt.
We had a sea coast of almost seven hun
dred miles to protect, and with the ex-
ception of about thirteen hundred men,
had the aid of no military force from the
United States. BY internal taxes, all
others having become unproductlve by
reason Of the war, the National Govern
ment raised large sums from the people
within our territory. District taxation
was the only resource of the State Gov
ernment, and this had been carried to as
great an extreme in Connecticut as could
be sustained. The Banks which furnish
ed all our currency, either withheld their
accommodations or stopped payment,
and the people were embarrassed by a
Behcrai stagnation ol business IoWer-
iul fleets and armies lay off our coasts,
and were making or threatening inva-
sions in all parts of our deicnceless sea-
board. Commodore Decatur, with his
squadron, had taken refuge in the waters
of Connecticut, and attracted n power
ful concentration of the enemy's forces
on our borders. Castinc, if mistake not,
and some other part of the territory of
Massachusetts, had fallen into the hands
of the British The New England
States, under all these disadvantages,
were obliged to protect themselves by
their own Militia, at their own expense.
The expenses of Connecticut greatly ex-
ceedcd her resources. The duration Of
the war could not be forcseen, and our
credit became exhausted. Attempts were
made to borrow money, but without any
adequate success. The National Con-
stitutlon prohibited the emission of bills
of credit. In this extremity, while the
Legislature was in session at New-lia-
ven in Oct 1914, communication was
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
NEW STORE,

TOHN B. NEWTON respectfully informs
% his friends and customers, that he has remov-
cd to and recommended his business at No.
No. l53, THAMES STREET,
formerly occupied by Gibbs and Channng-and
nearly opposite the old stand.
THIS DAY OPENED, fine assortment
Of Goods, adapted to the season.
wish on this occasion, to return my warmest
thanks to my customers for their patronage hereto
fore-and hope by unremted attention to my bu-
siness, and their wishes, to merit continuance.
Newport, X. !. Dec s, 1880
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
.ASSIGNEES' NOTICE.

TUNIIE subscribers hereby give notice that Rich
Il ard Sherman, Of Portsmouth, has made an
assignment to us Of all his personal property in
trust, to and for the benefit Of his creditors. All
persons having demands requested TO present
their claims within six months from the dale here
of, to either of us; and all persons indebted to said
Richard Sherman are requested to make immedi-
ate payment to
JOHN CRoss, Portsmouth, a..;o,.s.
RICHARD SHAW, Newport, :
nov. l6, 1880.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
NO. 46.

published to that effect, but without the
least foundation. ! believe know their
proceedings perfectly, and that every
measure done or proposed, has been
published to the world. No one act has
ever been pointed out, to my knowledge.
as inconsistent with their obligations to
the United States nor was any such act
ever contemplated by them"
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
EARTHEN e. GLASS WARE.
COOKING STOVES TO LET.

RTILTON HALL, keeps constantly on
lVH hand new and second hand COOKING
STOVES OF different sizes, to let by the month or
year.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
CHEAP COTTON SHIRTINGS,& s.,
BOHN r. TOWNSEND has just receiv

EOHN r. TOWNSEND has just received
% a good supply Of white and brown Shirtings
and Sheetings, from the most approved Factories,
which will be- sold cheap.
ALSO,
Some cheap nice Broadcloths, black lutsrings,
circassians, wadding, cold canbrcs cheap, cotton
table cloths, great variety Of shawls. A few nice
white merino shawls, cheap silk hosiery; cotton
warp, white and blue Of an excellent quality, con-
stanty on hand as usual nov. .
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
WIN. l.. MELVILL,
TIN PLATE RKER,

No. l62, Thames Street
rONTINUES to carry on the above business,
~ as usual, and keeps constantly on hand,
general assortment of TIr WAnn, and other ar
tcles in his line, to suit the market, and positively
will sell them as low as can be purchased in this
State, not excepting of pedars ; those who wish
to encourage their own townsmen, will do well to
call and satisfy themselves Of the truth Of this as
sertion.
A L S 0,
A large supply OF Soar STONE FURNACE,
by the dozen single.
OVENS for baking before the fire, warranted to
answer to the satisfaction Of the purchaser, or be
returned aher proving the same. All the above
articles cheap for Gosh.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16

"O LET and possession given Immediately,
= the lower par, Of the house in Church street,
now occupied by Mrs. T.. White. said tenement
has every convenience which is necessary for a
small family. For further particulars enquire OF
MILToN HALL, or
Mrs. ELIzABEIu WHITE.
Oct Is
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
.4D.NINYS TRAITORS NOTICE.

.4D.NLNYS TRAITORS NOTICE.
T1NIIE Hon. Court Of Probate Of the town OF
u Middletown having appointed the subscriber
Administrator de benis non with the Will annex
ep on the estate Of
WILLIAM BROWN,
late of MddIetown, dec.--Notce is hereby given
to all persons indebted to make immediate pay
ment, and all persons having demands against sad
estate topresent the same for settlement
Gro. G.. SHAW, Admr.
Newport. Sept. 2s, 1880.
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16
NEW AND sEAsONABLE GOODS

English calicoes of the wells,
newest fashion, Green Barege for do.
French do. also ging Circassians, Merino
hams, ginghams,
Changeable& other silks Ladies superior gloves,
A beautiful variety of & mitts
worsted barege and Shell combs, ribbons,
fancy hdkfs. Merino, Ihibet, & 9th
Swiss capes, bobbinet er shawls.
footing of all widths. Pink, blue, straw blk.
Silk, Angola & heavy Italian grapes.
English cotton Hose. few large s-4 Me-
Fine sea island shrting rno shawls Of a
b-4 Black Grape, for superior quality.
ALSO
Cloths, cassimercs, nannels, & variety of other
Eoods not enumerated, just received & for sale
4heapby JOHN +, TOWNSEND
Sept, 29
Herald of the times. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1830-1846, 1831-02-16

II ACKAWANA G. OAL, OF the first quail
n ity, for sale on Bulls Wharf, at $3.50 per
ton delivered in any part Of the town.-ln lots to
sui, purchasers. by WIN. VARS.
Newport, July 2s.
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14
sS,9uD5pateS:

3FWe are authorised to announce to the
Voters of Berkeley, Hampshire, Hardy, JEFF
ferson and Morgan, that WILLIAM ARM
STRONG, Esq, will be candidate for the
next Congress
&-We are authorised to announce to the
Voters of Berkeley, Hampshire, Hardy, JEFF
ferson and Morgan, that Col. EDWARD LU-
CAS-, will be a candidate for the next Con.
gress.
gy-We are authorised to announce to the
Voters of Berkeley county, that Capt. LEVI
HENsHAw, will be a candidate for the next
General Assembly of Virginia.
&y-We are authorised to announce to the
Voters OF Berkeley county, that CHARLES
JAMES FAULKNER, Esq. will be a candidate
for the next General Assembly Of Virginia
4y-We are authorised to announce to the
Voters of Berkeley county, that MIR. VIII
LIAM GooD. will be candidate for the next
General Assembly of Virginia.
4-We are authorised to announce to the
Voters of Jefferson county,s that JOHN 5
GALLAHER, Esq. will be candidate for the
next General Assembly of Virginia.
9g-We are authorised to announce to the
Voters of Jefferson county, that HENRY
BERRY, Esq. will be candidate for the next
General Assembly of Virginia.
gEWe are authorised 10 announce to the
Voters Of Jefferson county, that EDWARD ii.
Fry, Esq will be Candidate for the next
General Assembly of Virginia.
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14
July 7, 1881

more, and supplied himself with large and
splendid supply Of Saddleary of every des.
cription, he pledges himself to supply work
on better terms than it can be furnished in
this town or elsewhere.
He will keep constantly on hand general
assortment Of Saddles, Brides and Harness ol
every description; which he will warrant to
be as good, in point of workmanship and
materials, as any manufactured in the town;
his prices will be found to correspond with
the times lie will be glad to receive the
custom Of his friends and the public in gene.
raj. JOHN HELFERSTAY.
Martinsburg, July Z, ls3l.-3t
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14

ing the election Of Mr.. Reed, and mention.
ing that General Jackson did not consider
INN friend.--Nat. Ga-.
The General Court is now in session a,
Richmond. The Compiler says Judge Up
snur has taken his seat So, that there are
nineteen Judges present. Only one absent
and ne detained by indisposition. The Court
IS engaged in actively disposing Of the com
monwealth's cases. On Tuesday, one case
called forth great deal Of argument. and
occupied nearly the whole OF the days SEES
sion.
:. a strange CredttTe.-A gentleman travel
ing to Pittsburg, from one Of the nelghbor-
ing towns stopped to see friend, and left
ms horse tied on the road On his return he
found the animal had slipped his bridle.--
while IN pursuit of him be met an Irish ped
estrian oil whom be inquired, "did you see
strange creature, any where hereabouts with
saddle on?" "Och by the powers you may
well say that" "WhereP' "Just yonder.n
'Will yeu show it mep THAT | will in less,
than no time at all amost," said the man APP
preaching small wood of young timber. All.
there ne is sure enough, honeyl" The gen.
tleman looked up, and said, Il do not see
HIM. Then by saint Patrick. you must
be bind-Dot see himl Just cast your two
good looking eyes in that direction-och, by
the powers of mud, what's he about now?
Only see how he swallows his head" "Why,
sir, that's turtle; aud not a horse" GA
horse! and who the duce said it was a horseo
sure horse is not strange creature ad
ded be pointing to il with fear and trembling,
sand he has a saddle on his back; but hang
me II I'd briddle him for the whole kingdom
Of North America
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14

EEOST-OFFlCE.-I am authorised by the
FL Postmaster General to ascertain the low
est amount for which a responsible person
can be procured to carry the U. S Mail,
three times week, from this Office 10 Shep-
herdstown, and back; to leave this Office on
Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at 8
o'clock, P. m. and arrive at Shepherdstown
In time to connect with the Winchester mail
going to Boenes5oro, and TO return to Mar
tinsburg on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sun
days, in the morning Persons disposed to
perform the service, will please deposit their
proposals, in writing, at the Post Office, Mar.
tinsburg, Virginia, by Thursday next
WILLIAM LONG, p. M.
july ID. IS3l-3t
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14

EHLECTION NOTlCE.-Netice is here
HA by given, that an election will be held
at the court house of Berkeley county, on
Monday the Sth day of August next, to
choose one fit person to represent the district
of Berkeley, Hampshire. Hardy, Jefferson,
and Morgan, in the next congress Of the u
nited States; and two fit persons to represent
the county of Berkeley in the next house Of
delegates.
PHILIP NADENBOUSCH,
Sheriff Of Berkeley county
July Il, 1S3I-te
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14

Besides many Of 500, zoo, &c.
Whole tickets sl6. shares in prop0tiox-
o. Orders for Tickets in the above Mag
nifcent Scheme promptly and confdentally
attended to if addressed to CLARKE s.
COOK, agents for Yates & M Intyre, Wheel
ing, Va.) who have sold more Capital Prizes
in the same time than any vender in the Uni
ted States. As tickets are generally scarce
in these large schemes, orders should be sent
as early as possible.
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14
GENERAL SYNOD
OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH
IN THE UNITED STaTES

IN THE UNITED STATES.
FsHE clerical and lay delegates appointed
a by the different district Synods, are re-
quested to assemble at Frederick, MARYLAND.
on the S0th day, and last Sunday of Octo-
Der next As this Synsd will be called upon
TO transact business of vital importance to
the Church, advisory brethren will be cheer
fully received, if due information of their in
tention to be present be given TO the sub
scriber. DAVID f. SCHEFFER,
Secretary Of the G. S. in The U. S.
July IA, 1881
ON. b. Printers throughout the u. s.
are most respectfully requested to insert this
notice, and the ~ B We are very grateful
to those who upon former occasions, attend
ed to our request, in which many of their
subscribers are interested,
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14

GONVEYANCING-Theu undersigned
W may be found in his Office (he Clerk 5
Office of the county court Of Berkeley at all
times, Sundays accepted, from eight O'Clock
in the morning until four in the evening, rea
dy to write Deeds Of Bargain and Sale, Trust
Deeds, Agreements. Leases, Sc for all per
sons wanting such business done.
HARRISON WAITE.
MartinsbuIg. July 7, 1SSI.-tf
Martinsburg gazette and public advertiser. [volume] (Martinsburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1826-1833, 1831-07-14

Il bAGS AND BAGGiNG We have on
ED hand lot OF very excellent Bags and
Begging, manufacturedin this neie hborhood
and said TO be superior to any thing of the
kind ever offered in our county, for sale by
HOGMIRE g. BOYD.
July Z, 1881.