Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1831-06-10
o. p. Q
Y our obsdient servant.
FRANCE.

Ihs,TreeftO1 tn Lifhudnid and Imperial UkGse Of
the DespOt .EichOidS-.NeJos from Poland
ia the Editor of the London Morning Chronicle.
PARIS. April 9Th, 1881.
Towards the north part of Europe is a county called
Li.husuiA, which is as large as that pact OF ,he United
Kingdom Of Greal Britain ani Leland called England.
1t was in oideD times a dis;iEct psiop, governed by is
Grand Dnkes, end was 300 niirs iong and $50 nil-s
broad. Ia the sxteenth ceniury il was united to Pc.
land, and has ever s;nce, with a small exception, be-
lorged 10 IT,, until, by the ubiquitous conduct Of his
Empress Caihstine, 10 the eight. enth, aed by The seam
dsious. treaties o. HI holy ailisuce in tie uinets nth
century, both ii AID Poland have been ~ force uaited
10 Rissis Before thoss utju, aud di,boDes, measnres,
Poland wa. governed Ivy an elective Monarch, and
Lithuania had her .hsrr in the nomination. j. IL
bounded on the SoulI by Volhynia, on The wes, ny. Lit
tie Poland, Polachia. Prussia and Ssnogiiia on The NORTH
by C1uSlsnd and Russia, snd on the sas, by Russia.
ihe country is fla, but 'ettii-. 1t produces corn, ho-
ney, wood aud wool. Ia horses are celebrated, is TO.
rests extensive, aud there is no re a.on why the people
shou'd po' be happy, but thai they as oppressed. The
psasanis and The etee' mass OF tho people are kept in a
state Of The most sbjsct vsssalsge, and their ideas, NAM
ners, dress, and actions are those of beings who dare
moi think for fear of offending their Governcrs. Their
nobility are divided into two classes-those who are
rich and oVerbeering, and those " no are poo: and di,.
consented. The poor nobility act as q sort Of superior
domesiies TO The wealthy, and are treated with Contempt
and brutality. The capital OF Lhhuanis is Wilma,
which IL by 10 means en- uncomfortable or ssc ond-rate
city in Eu-op". AlIbOush IL was exposed in the last
century 10 two conf 'gf aiions-one by FIRE, and the
other by lghtni" g-its palaces are stiiI splendid-i,s
churches still magnificent; and, althOuE h il has not re-
gained It's former grandeur, yet, as a city, wilma il by
10 means unworthy OF attention. IL is TO this country
and this capital that ] am about, for awhile, to direct
your attention; aud am about asking you TO extend
your pity, your interest, your sympathy and your good
wishss 10 hose who dwell on the banks of the Dneiper.
the Divine, snd the NeiueD.
The peasants and psople are ignorsn; and oppressed.
They are oppressed by the small nobility, who re quire
gifts and contributions, as a reward for ohia ing Ito
paifonags or projection OF .he richer Iraprie:ors and
the lordr of.be eob. They are on pre- ss-d by The veal.
thy nobility, "hod-mlni large ren,s-cons,aot person
al service snd st,ention-snd all those concessions
winch were formerly made 10 England AID Francs by
The vasssis 70 their "good Lords" They are Taught 10
believe that lis of no use TO read, TO think, or 10 con.
gTsga'e together. Books are rare; newspapers are un-
knows; aud he OILY sort Of lisetty which IL snioynd, is
thh' p"'se',ed hy ihe Jew, who have the rich, 10 cul.
tvsts HE soil.
Tie uobi.ly aye ignorant and savage, lovers of de,po.
IAN, and avsTfs 10 in prOvtmrnt. The people are re-.
fused all their demands, md the Mobiles consider hat
heir only 'eeuri,y consists in their maintaining toe &C.
'uai 'ta'e OF ,hiogs in lhis country. The Russian Gov.
eminent has hitherto bean too tappy "a encourage such
'eniimen's; and whilst IL has ground ibe people 10 posy.
der, aud made even tho Lithuanians tevol. II ha,
'onsit to maintain ia inG isnes by securing. a, all pri.
css, the sllcgienes ~ the wealthy Lords. BIZ, Of iate
years The system has some what changed The de-
manfs OF the Nobiot on tbe Government have been re-.
iIasd- addiiensl imposts have been levied-the sors
OF the nobility have bseD taken sway to war-and the
Aristosresy OF wealth, which bnew no bounds 10 is
%srsatness, has felt iiscli humbied aud oppressed. The
poorer nobiIt ~ have encouraged TIA .eelins. They
have ad2erled TO The former history Of Liihuasis, when
che wss governed by her own grand BOXES, and when
sven more lat'~riy she assist-d NJ The elections of 20.
n'b Mugs IHIt ieeung q Vi 'a'is'ac'ioo has gradual.
~ incres'ed. 10 tis'cnce has bssn known OF s.. Pc.
'~sFibrrSt; but ,hoie who WIRE ciaUorous ware sttan.
sisd or drDv n-d-seni TO sibsi--or enls,ed in tho
'siyiee Of ths military Colonies | Vbisb ~ anolher VOID
for slow death
The wealthy nobiiiy have At lsngih, f.It that. in pro.
cess Of tire, they would become siavss-ihat the IN.
cycasirg dtmaGds Of the Ru-sisn Government would
nd IN thsiT tuiu--ani they wh, were themselves ~.
rsUts, have begun 10 Jsdfe emancipation. Tire POOR
oobilIy, ebo have eysFy thing IN gain and noib,ns 10
lose y a R-vo'ution, have worked upon The minds and
pasIons OF tho peasants and people-and have even
on u 10 'h'i1 wh,ihfr they would not assist in obfaiu-
ng tho ind(psndence oi Liihuania Though dull,
heavy inanimate, The word "Iibery" has struck
'hofd winch basDever before been touched, ard those
"hO never dfeampi Of his thing better han a superior
now feel that hey are men.
The revolution in Polipd hal arriv 4 a. tho fishf mo.
men. The Polish J I'VE have aided the T. ilisb Rsyo-
.usot; md the L'huini9n JsSs are prepared 10 sssi.t
that sommtnced IN Wilma. The successes Of the Poles
have inspires hen with hope, and the news from
Warsew has raised tbar courage. A. length they have
risen. The wealthy Dobles demand free insll ulions-
the right OF govsi ming tlemselyes--of haviog their