Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1831-08-12

was about 70 pet s-u, b. tue Al Oi 1894 about %
per cent BY the As, Of 1888, about Al per cent.
Stunning that the duties In the Act oi 1916 bona
hde for revenue, as necessarily implied in "ths Ex-
po,i,ion, the Hsrenee bs,we,u them aui the dutiss
IN the Act OF ISIS, IL ~ psr cent. cotton planter,
therefore, making $4,000 lb'. OF coioo, worth
$4,000, woud lay ou' in those surpl,es Tor his
pian'auon. which ae hals to p'oie ave duiis',
about S5fS, the duNss up which, at 22 per
cent. would be Sit9i6. fracoa less han r cent
upon bis income; and his is ,hs burthen 10 which q
Cotton plant.r in ,ha, character. would DO subjected
by ihs protective duties, rs co iSumes ecncSdug,
"tse Exposition" does, that the acts OF 1924 and 1928
ore alone 10 be considered as mrosug such du les
o'ucer Xix, wise, hs is su1 rer, though 10 that
capacity be rays no duties. To ascertain The extent OF
hs loss with precsoU, is i,uprac,c abls, az Il must
depend upon calculations Of which the data cannot,
present. be given. BY the abolition Of The protective
du is esims,ir them at % per cent tbs demand Tor
cotton would be increased in quenee
If their greater ehearne.. THIS greater demand for
the Oauufacture would require greater supply OF the
raw material What woull be the proportion between
ihs demand thus created aud the supply, cannot now
be estimated. IL has been found by experience, that
an advance OF Two cents pound 10 IN price OF cotton
40 rapidly stimulates lie prolue ion that lis price fail
to its FORMER ieveiin two years The benefit, there
FORE derived by he cotton planter, from The repeal OF
the Tariff duties, as producer, would be temporary
However transient IL might he, 10 deprive him Of II is
an il iuSy and an injustice.
Because am unwilling to sand upon grounds which
believe 10 be untenabls aGd delusve, l am by no
means inseDsibls OF the effects Of system which
sse aud depore. All "prOteeire duties" gard
iaS, not laid for revenue, Tor the discharge Of
Tor any purpose authorized by the Constitution; but for
the bens OF privileged class. feel, that the &C.
Mus OF institutions is violated, when the govern.
mt ccntrcls the eou'se Of human industry, which
-h, ue directed by the judgment aud the entes-
prize Of individual, no further projected than by Just,
Impartial and equal laws l feel inSiguant, wails
Other na,en, rising superior the pr.udces of the
middle that they should be revived in their pr..
tine raukness, in our uncougenla so-hat The ci,i-
zens OF free republic should be fsuersd by CONNER
al restrictions, which have always characterized the
policy of narrow. mnded ard Sc e h rulers.
3D. medy recommended to prevent the opera'i-n
OF the Tarif Acts upon the Safe Of South-Caro.
lima.
"The Exposition" recommends that the Safe, by
Ito veto, shall 'uspend The operation OF The Tariff Acts,
so Tar as they relate 10 czsns, until il shall be de-
mrnined, by an amendment to the CONSTITUTE lion, that
Congress haze, thai they shat haue the POW err claim
ed under those Ac's Such an smendmsn il Is insisted
would be binding aud conducive upon all The States Ths
right OF State TO impose this veto is asserted {, be
constitutional right, fouoded upon che sovereignty Of
aes and theeSpress reservation OF their sovereign
rights 10 the Federal Compact. To substantive those
propositions, in addition TO its own arguments and H.
ius ratous, "he Exposition" refers to- and relies upon
Nj Madson's Resolutions al! 4tpor, adopted 10 1900
by the L. gis)ature OF Virginia.
MOI ccncurripg 10 these doctrines Of "the Exposi-
ton" end being Convinced, If hey were reduced to
practice, hat the Uaicn could not subsi, shall
proceed 10 submit to you the for this cOnve
iicn.
The sondiion Of tie United States when the FEEDER
&! COnsiiution was adopted and the which 10
dueed is adoption, have noticed in an early par, Of
this address. No Cause operated more powerfully,
.han he experience OF the utter iDadequscy oi the Con-
federation TO answer the purposes for which il was in
tended. TIE imp=rfsc!iOns in that inttfument have
been lointed Quits radical deiect was, that could
net act upon but only through the Stales is lave,
SUBSTANTIALLY, were bui recommendations. Special
hsIe fore taken by The Convention 10 guard ag
the recurrence Of this evil. The Copsi uon being es-
iabllshed by the people CT the United Safes no,aS q
whole but by The people in each State, ia their
reign capacity, (unlke the Confederation which WAS
formed by The Legislatures OF The sa,e) it derives i.
authority from lhe same source as the State Govern
ineni; 1t th:reore possesses the same authority
all the States, 20 the extent OF he powers grained 10
IL, does the Constitution Of each State within lie own
Limits From these prsm e. IL Decessary folio We: 1s'.
That the Constitution Of The United States is bindng
upop all the parties to it, 2dy. That part Of il car
be niodhed changed or annuiled, in any other
iha0 lis provisions prescribe 3iy That by lis pro.
visions, il ca0nc' be med.Esd, changed annm ~
A~""vTs urine people, ia ree.fourtbs of the SAFE,
Gha' power can, ia no case, be exercised BY snsI.
SAFE Ably That rs by one OF lis provisions Inc
power given to The Supreme Court to decide finally
all cases asng under the Constitution, Laws or au lhcf
ties Of the United States no State Legislature or STATE
Court can, ishtiully invaldaie interfere with the
exercise OF Ibis power
That "he actual sovereign power resides in the states
III their separate and distinct political Characters
The sovereign power divided between the States and
General government, aud that the former holds its
served rights, in the same high, sovereign capacity
which the latter does its delegated rights are promo
siions whchl accede To- but that the residence Of this
sovereign power in the States, and the possession of
their sovereign and reserved rights unimpared by the
Constitution of the United States clearly implies We
to- or controu by the States the action of the Cen
eral Government OH contested points OF authority; and
That this very conroul is the remedy, which the Con-
shutIon has provided, TO prevent the entertainment of
The General Government the reserved rights of the
States, b by no means admit. Should this reasoning
prevail the judicial power of the United States would
DC nusaory, where ii was most essenial for where
state regarded law TO be unconstitutional, by the in
terposon oil its veto, the tribunal authorized by the
Constitution, TO decide, finally, whether law was
constitutional, would be ousted of its jurisdicon-
and ior 1t would be substituted the judgment OF
any one OF the twenty-iour States. Let me illustrate
this by an example The state of South Carolina deems
The Tariff Acts OF 1923 to be unconstitutional and by
ITS veto, declares il TO be NULL and binding upon her
citizens The Collector regarding the Act authofi-
tdve refuses TO deliver his goods the merchant i'm
porting th-'n, until he pays tie duties gives his bond
Tor The aInoun This question is TO be determined by
construction of the Constitution, over which, if the
Federal Judiciary have not final jurisdiction, 'iis not
possible 10 conceived what can uonalIy
be exercised; and ii, in such case the Federal Judi
ciary can be deprived Of its jurisdiction bya State vir.
uay ard practically It's in the power OF single state
torePeaI the laws of the Union.
SO he Exposition" says that "he 25lh Section of the
Judiciary Act provides appeal from the ate ours
10 the Supreme Court Of the United States in all cases
in the decision of which the construction of the Con-
suIion, the laws of Congress, SC. may be involved;
thus giving 10 that high tribunal the right of final in
depreciation, and the power in reality of multiplying the
Acts oil the State Legislatures whenever, in their
pilion, they conflict with the power delegated to the
General Governments that more ample and complete
protection against the encrOachments OF the States by
their Legislatures, cannot be nagned aud for this pur-
pose, this high power may be considered indispensable
AID consu utional," | am at a loss TO conceive how
poWer ~ 'the Supreme Court" admitted TO be Sin
dispensable and constitutional of multiplying, in reaii
~. the Acts OF the State Legislatures, whenever ia lis
pnion, they conflict with the powers delegated the
q eneral Government" can be reconceI with Con-
Wuional right in State "to control the action of the
General Government, on contested points OF authori-
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