Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1831-12-13

cd. that. relatively both population and the means of
consumption, it would annually dimnish while the cheap
enng oil transportation by the means Of tho rapidi-in
creaslng facilities OF intercourse would constantly tend to
equalzc prices and difusc the profits Of labor.
The objects more particularly requiring the aid of the
existing duties upon the principles Of this report are
believed TO be wool, woolens, cotton, iron, hemp and
sugar as comPrehendng these articles in which the agr
cultural and manufacturing industry are particularly
Interested
Upon these articles the average duty collected in the
years 1929 and 1880, amounted TO 49, 9O $685. as is shown
by the annexed statement.
These duties could not be materially changed at prc
sent, wrhouthe effect already deprecated No objectio
Is perceived however such gradual reduction of them
IN iuturc may withdraw the aid thus Afforded "a the
growth stability ofour manufactures will enable Them T.,
dispense With ito such adcgrec as will with the
AID oil an increase OF population and the consum-
on stu leave revenue adequate TO the expenditures or
until what May be withdrawn from them may be levied ON
other articles which may be found to admit Of il.
Inc additional sum, which, together with the amount
OF those dulles IL may be necessary for Congress provide
in adjustment OF the tariff will depend upon its
as TO confirming the expenditures to the present objects
or oil enarging them as herein suggested In the former
case, the OF 607-and in the latter the sum of
6oo9607 co. will be rcquircd and in regard to either
estimate, the provision should be upon scale sufficiently
liberal TO guard against the chance of deficiency I'm
providing Tor either sum- the duties may he
~ retained upon these articles of luxury, which are
principally consumed by the Weather classes. or upon
those not abundanty produced in the United States in
preference 10 others The effect of this would be To coun-
terva to the poorer classes by chcapenng their general
supply, the higher duties other articlcs-At the same
time the duties may be removed from such materials
ms will admit of it without dcrment 10 our agriculture
whereby the manufacturers would be enabled TO sell
cheaper ana, also, the sooner TO dispense with part
The duties which may be present retained for their pro-
lection Any amount of duty upon raw material j., to
It's extent am Injury 10 the manufacturer, requiring
ter councrvailing protection against rather than
foreign regulations, and is only to be justified by the para
mount Interests of agriculture In that it would
serve consideration whether the encouragement of
Ject oil agriculture might not be properly econcilcd
with the encouragement of the manufacturer, and with
greater equality regards other interests by bouncs
than a m he mat
While presenting these views, the burthcns which
The Interests of navigation have been subjected by
ng duties on articles necessary in ship building have
not been overlooked and, while cquay adjusting other
interests, this may require from the legislature particular
attention The great importance, both of foreign
coas ing navigation TO the country and those inter
cSts requiring TO be cherished be doubted In
the competition which is obliged to maintain it'll the com
mcrce OF the world, every where the object of peculiar
aid il would TO demand of the Government liberal
support Iii believed that the expenses of building and fit
ting ont vessels OF every description including steamboats,
are Iuiousiy increased by the present Duties and that
drawback oil large portion, il not the whole of the duty
on all the articles composed of ron hemp, flax or cotton
whether OF foreign domestic production i'm their con-
srucuon or equipment might be authorized, under proper
safeguards, with obvious advantage other interests and
without material dctrimcnt to the revenue.
Ii Is hoped, however, that these suggestions will be re-
celvcd as proceeding from of official duty and in
tended 10 invite the attention of Congress TO the various
modes of revising the existing scale of duties from, which
selection may be juicousy made with the aid of
greater Information than is at present in possession of the
Department. rather than present dgestcd scheme for
the future revenue.
The undersigned is not incnsc 10 the etarr, ssmepts
attending such subject both from its delicacv and com,
PeNy: and the difficulties of rcconcng any system of
uuucS, In the present condition of the public mind with
the interests and views of ALL fully These
can be slrmouncd only by tho wisdom and patriotism of
the people, and of Congress lie cannot doubt bowever
that will be the wish ALL earnestly 10 cncayor 10
mount them; and he condcs in the orbcarnnce and 1.-The
raity oan enlightened public TO accomplish the task He
respectfully suggests, that the subject IS dealt with
in tho spirit of liberal compromise in which, for the sake
OF the general harmony, each conflicting interest should
he expected 10 yield part for the common benefit of all
The diversity OF interests which characterize different
portions oil the Union, arising from geographical position
and peculiarly of habits and pursuits, does admit Of
other countries differently situated may be safely and
wisely granted The industry of each portion of the
Union should DO equally regarded gradually fosercd
by which means, each would as certainly though more
slowly attain maturity without the aid of dan
gcrous TO the general peace and harmony.
Similar considerations prevailed in the formation of the
constitutions and at that period, the difficulty of drawing
with precision the line between rights surrendered and
those reserved, at all times great, increased by diff
ference among the several States as TO their situation,
tent, habits and particular interests. In harmonnr these
various objects, and conducting them TO practical results
the trainers OF that instrument kept steadily in view thc
consolidation of the Union and the general prosperity of
The whole by merging in all these objects of inferior
magnitude, the Constitution from their hands: thc
result of spirit of amty of that mutual Difference and
concession which the peculiarly of political situation
rendered Indispensable. 'Thc full and entire approba-
on OF every State wa not coun;cdupon but il hoped
That each would consider that bad her interests been alone
consulted the consequences might have been particularly
In the government thus formed were fully and cfccu-
ally vested the power of making war; peace and treaties
that OF levying money and regulating commerce. and the
corresponding Judicial and executive powers of expound
ing and executing the whole
Upon no otherprincplc and in no other spirit can the
constitution be administered with safety the Union
he force OF the government moral force resting upon
The sound action of the public opinion throu "out the va
rlous portions OF the country Due respect for the rights
and duties OF the States and mild, equal and moderate
exercise of those condcd the General Governments
with ready Difference TO the will of the people, are be-
evcd TO constitute the sounde policy, and 10 furnish the
best safeguards.
The observance OF this policy is the duty of the govern
nen ana patriotic acquescncc in calculated to
elect 1t, though they occasionally with some inc
quay, IS not less the duty of the people Considera
ions OF power no, alone involved either in measures or
opinions affecting the interests and harmony of the com
mimty; and no measures ought long TO prevail
without broad and general support from public opinion
The obligation OF laws constiuonaly enacted by the pro-
per authorities not TO be questioned but extreme mca
surcs adopted by slender majoiiies and obnoxious TO
the interests and opinions of minotics powerful in num-
bcrs wealth and intelligence, cannot be pcrsc vercd in
without danger TO the general harmony and without un
dermning the moral power, not merely of the executive
and legislative departments but also that of the judiciary
winch may be called TO sustain the authority without the
option C; deciding upon the cSpcdency of the measure
In our system, each side has important rights; and those
oil the minority consist in requiring that the power of the
majority DC exerted with just regard their interests
both OF person and property wihout Difference
ana concession both TO opinions great
OBJECTS OF the government cannot be attained; and while
It - conceded that would nc improper TO push
Tor the protection of the labor Improvement Of the coun
Z