Alabama state intelligencer., 1831-12-03

speedily and amicably adjusted. I say alarming because, in the opinion of many of the great and good nen of our country it will lead to the caasiro- phe fthe republic.
 On an occasion like the present, brief outline of my opinion is all that would be proper or could be expected.
 The Constitution of the United States was estab-
 shed it Is true, by the people of the several states, as separate and independent communities; hut il cannot be denied that the very act of it's adoption, for all the purposes for which it was designed, con vered them into one undivided whole. govern ment formed for the people, and it acts upon them individually, as members ofthe extensive community. The relation which the people bear the general and state governments is striking smi- lar. Both originate from the same source, bothope- rate upon the people in the same manner and the same obedience is due to both. Each is emphatical- ly the government of the people, and patriotism dictates that their affections should be placed as much the one as the other. A distinguished patr ot ofthe reyolution Patrick Henry, in remarkIng on the subject in a public address, observed that Ca county is to state what state is to the union.- The analogy is just in many respects, and particu- ary it regards the ri ghts of either to set the laws at defiance. The people of state, being small minority of the people of all the states, have no greater constitutional right to resist the laws of the union, than the people of county have to resist the laws of q state. \ When it becomes necessary to to resistance, its justification rests alone in the principle which proclaims the right of every commu- ny to project itself against oppression. If then ours is government of the people, if the laws are made by the authority of all, and according to the forms of the constitution it is inconcevable how the right be set up in single state to abrogate them
 lift be asked what means of redress to be re- sorted to- in the of usurpaton by the gene ra government of powers not delegated-I answer the same that provided against the encroach- ments of state functionaries-to the elective princ pie, and to the tribunal whose province it is to re- strain the legislature within the pale of the const- tuition. lfthese fa it is to be ascrbed, not to any defect in the constitution, but for want of political honesty--to an absence of virtue and patriotism without which there is but little preference for one form of government over another
 It was obviously tbe design of the compact by which the union established, to submit to the general government the control of our foreign aairs while domestic and internal concerns to be left to the management of the states. When it is remembered that the constitution had constantly and necessarily to be construed by thirteen states, all n dependent of each other and acting without concert in obtaining its sense and meaning, it cannot be supposed that the convention would overlook the collision which would unavoidably arise between the federal and state authorities, concerning the boundaries ofjursdicion. It indispensable to the success of the scheme that those collisions should be guarded against; and hence the several provisions of the constitution this subject, form prominent feature in that instrument.
 The constitution and laws of the United States and treaties made under their authority, declared to be 'the supreme law of the land, and the judges of every state shall he governed thereby. The judi cia power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under the constitution and laws of the United States, and treaties made under their authority.'- Should these provisions in the national compact be observed with due regard to the objects they were designed to attain, and be submitted to in the spirit in nxyh fhay ndn for nlnn ing against the usurpatlons of the federal or state governments would seldom occur.
 Give to the Judiciary it's legitimate participation in the operations of government, and it will be founda a wall of deence-a sanctuary to which all may flee with full confidence of protection It will be unmo- we'd, alike. by the assaults of ambition and the ex- elements of pre- eudice-unconnected with the strife of conending political parties, and uncontamnated by the passions produced by party animosity, it will hold the even tenor of its way dispensing justice with an impartial hand and deciding upon our lights Iii tiIe sciy sp1IiC uf tho UVnettuton.
 From these and other views, which the occasion does not permit me to express, l am thoroughly con- vlnced that the constitution does not authorize the power contended for and that the exercise of tcould have no other effect than to introduce evils greatly more to be deprecated than those of which it is n- tended to be the remedy. It may possibly serve for the time to mitigate the disease of the body polite; but it would at the time infuse poison into the system, that would not fail to bring on premature decay.
 Should the President conceive that his duty re- quircs him "to that the laws be faithfully execu ted, of which there is but little room to doubt the war of argument would cease, the strife of blood would commence, and the government would perish amid the pens and horrors of civil dscord But If these apprehensons be groundess, if the prediction be verified which has been made by the advocates of this doctrine, that the executive would yield the right thus claimed for state, the result would not be different. lift be allowed to one state to resort to this experiment, the example will soon be initiated by others; acts of notification will become as fre- quent as the sessions of Congress. In this way the constitution might finger for few years through a sicky existence; but would at last be driven to the same fatal destiny.
 The following is the opinion of Mir Madison, which is be-
 eved to he conclusive and neontroverble.
 The constitution formed by the staes that is by the people each of the seaes acting their highest sovereign capacity and formed consequently by the authority winch formed the constitutions Being thus derived from the the constitutions of the states within each the authority the constitution of the state and much constitutions in the strict of the er within it's prescribed sphere as the constitutions of he states within their prescribed spheres but with this obvious and essential difference that being compact among the states, in their highest sovereign capacity and cons
 ting tLe eQbe ereof people, for certain barposes, not Jc aerrd0r annuei at c 1pH 0f the Stde ndivd0iy the constitution ofa sate may Je, a s ndipduai w- political system that does provide for peaeeabe and authoritative termination of concnrrng controversies would of real government being the substitution of law and order for uncertainty, confusion and violence.
 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 Friday, Nop. 25.-Accounts presented-By Mir CooK that of John Taylor, sheriff of Butler county By MT SwINK, that of Henry Norwood, sheriff of Jackson county: By Mir HALL of B. that of Joseph