Litchfield enquirer., 1830-12-16


 gress, and of Hll good and diaiuseres,sd men, Tn, States moreover, have right tO dematd i,, 1t wa substantially part Of che compact whic, made then an exnrssS cSS.rSc.: w, S ws m ;nn@ mSIs one, Of Ogual Obligaiion~ Why, im authorizing Ohio Indiana, Illinois Missouri, Aiisaissppi, and Alabama 70 form constitutions, and become separate States, Congress include within their limits extensive tract. Q! Imd!a" lans and, iM sOme instances, powerful h. dian riIesf Was ia not understood by both parties that the power Of the States to be cO-exensiye with ttcir limits, and tIaI with all convenient des patch, the t&enerai Government elOuid eXtingWrI the Indian tide, aHd rennve every obstruction to ihe complete jurisdiction of the State Governments over the soil Probably not one of those States would have arcepscd separate eexstenee--cOrainly it wOul never have been granted hy Congress- had tt been Mndersao"d 'ha they were Io be confined fOfever tO those small pOraiOma Of their nominal territory, the Indian title to which had as the time been extim- gHisled.
 Co the new States, l0 cxIinguish, possible, che Indian title to an lands which Congress themselves have included within their limits. When this is done, the duties 0f the Genera Government in relation the States and lndans within their limits are al am end. The lndiaHs may leave the State not, as they choose. Tho purchase of their lands does no. state Cove, ament. No act of the General Govern Ment has ever been deemed necessary to give the States jurisdiction ,he persons of the Indians
 That they pOsicss by virtue of their sovereign power Within aheir limiis im as full manner before NNer the p"rclasc ot the Indian lands; nor can this Government add Co diminish it.
 May WC OOt nope, therefore lh0e all good CZena, hnd none xeaously than those who think the In- aians oppressed iy snbjeciion to the laws of the States, Will Hne iM attempting to open the eyes Of those children 0f the forest to their true condition Hpd, by speedy removal, Co relieve them from the evils real or imaginary, present or prospective, with which they may be supposed to be threatcneds
 Ahiohg the numerous causes of congratUlation, the tonditioa oi OMrimpos revenue deserves special mem lOn, iHasilInch us it promises the meacs of eXtn- gushing the public deIt than anticipated, And furnises strong illustration oC the practical effects ot the present tariff upon our commercial i''- terrss. -.. ....
 The oljcc. of the tariff is objected to by consliutOna and il is considered by almost all as defective in n.any of it's parts.
 Tho power lO impose ttutiea on imports orignasly belonged .o ile several States. The right to adjns, those duties with view tO tue encouragement oi dos ucstic branches of industry s completely iMcidcnl- al to that power, that is icnlt to suppSse tue ex siencc of the without the other. The States have delegated their whole authority over imports to tie Geaeral Government without lima.i"n or restriction, saving the very i"eonaderabIc reservation reaimg 10 their mspecnm laws. This authority having thus ca. arry passed from the States, the right to exercise Sor the pnrpose of protection does not exist n ihen ~u. consequently, if be not possessed ny the uen; eral Government, it must bo extinct Our political eyseIu would thus present the anomaly of people stripped Oi the right to foster ther own industry, and counieract the most selfish and destructive policy shichnishtb be ad"ptedby foreign nations. This sure ly cannot be the tbis indispensable power, thus snrro by the Siaes, must be within the scope of authority on t6e spl5ect expressly delegated to Con- In ,ais cesscsus;ss, 1 am confirmed as well by tho upimions sf President Washington, Jefferson. Mad- a,.. aad Monror, wtlo hs~e each repeatedly. recom- mendeA the exercise Of this right under tte COn"'
 aiOn xs y the uniform praetcs Or C0ngress, tho con taued ac,uieseeace of 1e State, ad tho general ua- ters.an,lne of the people. ..- -- ile prcssut lar Mifeagh great. are far from being ;NsHrnOu0iakle. Some are unwilling te impr"Se any of it's paris, Secaase they wOuid desr1y the whole G,lrs (ear touch the objectionable parts lest ihose they approve should be je0pardied. am persuaded aai the avocates ef lhes conducting views do nins' sce to ,e Americac People mud to their Representa-. tves. The geaert imterest is the interest cf each snd my conEdeHcc is enre that to ensure the adop ton of such qualifications sf the tariff as the general
 ,eres, reqares, is also necessary uA' ihat interest
 lt ia aM in6rsy of oar nature to mingIs our incr' cs,s aud prcjndccs with the operation of our reason ~g powers, and attribute io the objects ot our kes an ,skes qualities they do Noe t'lseess aud effects Ihey can.,l psoduce. The effects uG the Wcseat la' orc"uhtlese "vcrraie, both ia its evils and 'n s ad vantagrs. By one class of rensoners, tho reduced Dr;ec ns ett0n and etcr agricultural products s ascr ted wholly its nAusHre sad by anetsr, the reuu- res nri nf manufactured articles. The probability s, that nshcr opinion approaches the !r"th, ana tna h"ih are induced hy that influence ot interess amd nrei,,dces to witrii have referred. The decrease .f ,riccs ckseads t,soughOus the commercial world embracing n", nny the raw material and 'hc manu'ac turcd article, but provisions and laads. The cause ,Ou.t therefrc, he deeper and mora pervadi"y than the tariff or the Uacd Staies. Nmay, in measure, s attr,a,ale ,o the increased value of the precious eietMp. produced hy OtnNuttOU Os s"tP.yt N'ss am increase in te demand; whi'e commerce. has ral' .y exeasled itspif aud r0pulaiion has a''gmcased: ILe supply of gold and silver, the general medium o' exrlaagr has been greatly iHterrtpted by c'si con ,msns ii tie e0ussies from which they are rnci- ua,ly drara. 4 part of the eifec toO, b doUbiess Hwinc io a inrrcasc of operatives and improvements jo machinery. But, the whole, t is questionable whether the retlucOn in the price of lands produce and ufcturcs has been greater than the aPprec'- n,iOu of the standard Of value.
 While the chief otect oi duties should be revenue they n,a> e % ahins;e encourage mamuIacs9res Tn ihis asfusisaeni, however, ifD the dn'y ot 1hc Goycrnncit io be guided by the general good. Oo' ;ees f naiionnl importance aOne ought to bs protect rd: of these the productions of soil, our mines ani our essential @ 0R.iona' defence: oc' cwnv inc fret rank. Whatever other spec'es oi do: saes,ic industry, having the importance Co w"'ch nave referred may be expected, after temporary pro trc,ion. tO compete wMh foreign Iat"r on eq4a terms, merit tue sane atiension 'n snDoTd"a'e oe gree. e F ..-
 The nrescu, tariff taxes some Of the comforts Oi Ii' unnece:s rily high; undertakes to protect 'nterest' too local and minute, tO jUsiiiy general exaeuon and it also aiieMpss force sOme kinds ci ma""ac tures Cor which the coaniry is not ripe. Much re;e will he derived, ia Of these respects hom 'ns measuees Oi your iasi session.
 The iesa, aa well as farest mode of determ'n,nt whether om aay jass considerations, par,ic1'ar 'n terest ought receive proiecton, would be to su"m the question sngly lor dcberAiiOn It. after due ex "",;raon af iss merits unc0nuecsed with exiraBeo1 coms;deeaaioas- a desve Co sgsaia genera evs,em orso purchase support tnr ad'ere"t ,n'eres
 Mssu NGN NeaA NAsr0 a2