Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1830-03-30
nercs and navigation Of the United States, in the year
Us, an extract from which l will read.

lnercs and navigation of the United States in the year
Us, an extract from which will read.
EXTRACT.
Such being the restrictions on the commerce and
Navigation oil the United States the question is in what
acted 20
GAS to commerce, two methods occur T. nv friend
~ arrangements with the several nations with whom
'hese restrictions exist: 2 BY the separate act Of
our own legislature, for count.rraiing their Effects
"Iherc can be no doubt but that of these two friend
" arrangement is the most eligible. Instead of embar
RAISING commerce under piles OF regulating laws, du-
ties, ana prohibitions, could il be relieved from all i,e
shackles, i'm all parts OF the wordcould every country
be employed in producing that which has best fit
ted 1t to produce, ard each be free exchange with
Others mutual surpluses for mutual wants. the greatest
mass possible, would then be produced, of those things
which contribute to human life and human Happiness !;
the numbers of mankind would be increased and their
condition bettered."
Would even sin gle nation begin with the JIn;t
ed States this system OF free commerce, would be adj
vsabe TO begin with that nations; since il is ono Jy one
only That 1t can be extended TO OIL Where the cir
cumstances of either party render il expedent levy
revenue, iy way OF impost commerce, its freedom
might be modified in that particular by ni,ttioI and
eqrdenf measures, preserving il entire in all Others"
Some nations, not yet ripe for free commerce, in all
Its extent might be willing TO molify its restrictions
and regulations for in proportion TO the advantages
which an intercourse with might Offer Particularly
they may concur with US in reeiprocdfing the duties
TO h. levied each side, in compromising any
cess OF duty by eqiiraienf Gdrsntdges Of another
ure. Our commerce is certainly Of character 10 en-.
ute ~ to favor in most countries. The commodities
we of'r are either necessaTes Of life, materials for
manufacture or convenient subjects of revenue; and
we take in exchange either manufactures when they
have received the last finish Of art and industry
Injuries Such customers may reasonably expect
welcome and friendly treatment at every market Gus
toners, too, whose demands, increasing Nth their
Dedhh and population, must very shortly I've full
employment 10 the ,rhole industry Of any nation what
ever, any line of supply they may get in the habit
oil calling for from il.
g. But should any nation, contrary 10 our wishes
suppose IL may better find its advantage by continuing
ts sysem Of prohibitions, duties, and regulations, it be
hoves us TO PROTECT our citizens, their commerce and
navigation, by counter prohibitions, duties and rcgu
ations also Free commerce and navigation not 10
be given in exchange for restrictions and peratons;
nor are they likely 10 produce relaxation Of them"
The plan which now propose adopts the idea OF
EQUIVALENTS and RETALIATION 10 the whole
tent recommended by Mr.. Jefferson 1t differs f. om
his plan in two features FIRST in the mode of
ing by founding the treaties abroad upon a Iegis-
ia'ive act at home; secondly, in combining PRorrc-
TON with REVENUE, in selecting articles Of exception
TO the system OF free trade This degree Of ction
he admitted himself at later period Of his life. II
responds with the recommendation OF President Wash
ingon TO Congress- in the year 80 aud with that Of
present Chief Magistrate, TO ourselves, at the com
nencement OF the present session Of Congress | will
read them to sustain and support the principles on
which my Bill is founded
PRESIDENT WASHINGTON IN 1890.
"OT SAFETY and INTER- require that ice should
promote SUCH manufactures Tend tn render ms
DEPENDENT on others for ESSENTIAL, particularly
for MILITARY, supplies"
-" IL may be regretted that the complicated restric-
lions which embdrr0sS The intercourse Of nations
could rot by common consent, he abolished. and com
merce allowed to otc in those annels which in
dividuai enterprise-always its surest gnidr-mght
direct IT. But we must ever expect selfish Legislation
In other nations; and are, therefore, compelled TO adapt
our own TO their regulations in the best caIcu-
a'ah TO avoid serious injury ard TO harmonic the
nc's interests Of our agriculture, orr commrce, ard
TO be applied in graduating the duties upon articles Of
foreign growth or manufacture, is that which will
place own in fair competition with those Of other
rountries and the inducements TO Advance step
oeyond this point are controlling in regard to those
ncIes which are OF primary necessity in time Of !"
These extracts from the Presidents, Washington, JEFF.
fer'on and Jackson. cover all the principles which
contained IN my Bill the mode Of action the means
oil putting them into operation, s the only part that il
new and original t. this part can M obi lection
but TO IFS novelty for il is free from all difficulty
The score oil constitutionalty expedency and com
bnes the advantages OF equivalents with those Of
taa'ion for, il any nation refuses reciprocaie an
abolition or reduction of duties with us, our heavy du-
Ties remain in force against her. and she pays the pc.
nalty Of her refusal in the loss Of essential branch
OF her trade with TIC.
will not row sop TO diate upon the benefit wbicl,
VIII re'u 10 every family from abolition Of duties
which will enable them TO get all the articles enume
rated IN my Bill for about third half less,
Than - now raid Tor them Let any one read over the
s' oil articles AMI then look to the total which
now pays oHt annually for them and from that sum de-
dec; near fifty per cent. which IL about the average
oil The duties and merchants profit included. with
/
VIII be II saving under one branch Of my pan-the
abolition clause. To this be added the gain I'm
der the clause TO secure equivalents in foreign
and the two being aided togetherihe saving in pur-
chas al home being added TO the gain in saes abroad
will give the true Of the advantages which
my plan presents.
| Lei us now whether the agriculture and manu-.
lectures Of the United States do not require better
markets abroad than they possess at This time What
the slate OF these markets? Let facts reply Eng
land imposes duty OF three shillings sterling pound
upon our tobacco, which is ten times its value She
imposes duties equivalent TO prohibition, our grain
and provisions; and ether totally excludes, or tno--
mou'iy taxes every article exceot cotton that send
royal monopoly, which makes the King the sole pur.
shaser and subjects the seller 20 the necessity of TAX
ing The price which his agents will give. In Germa.
ny, our tobacco, and other articles heavily duiied
AID liable 10 transit duty, in addition when they have
TO ascend The Rhine, other rivers to penetrate the
t"ror In the West Indies, which is our great provi
sion market our beef pork and -four usually pay from
eeht 10 ten dollars barrel; bacon, from ten 10
twenty five cents pound live hogs eight dollars each;
corn, corn-meal lumber, wbiskey, fruit vegetables,
ani every thing else in proportions the duties in the
inherent Islands, on an average, equaing exceed.
Ing the value OF the article in the United States We
export about fortyive millions Of domestic productions
exclusive Of manufactures, annually; and IT may be
safely assuned;tha we have TO pay that sam, in
the shape Of duties, for the privilege Of selling these
exports in foreign markets SO much for agriculture.
Our manufactures in the same condition. In many
branches, they have met the home demand. and are
going abroad IN search Of foreign markets They meet
With vexaous restrictions, peremp'ory exclusions, or
oppressive duties, wherever they go. The quantity
already expos TED, entities them to national