Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1830-04-16
0ONC4ysMSS IOYT.Nls


That the Constitution must of necessity, have been
formed by the States, and not by the People large
have attempted to prove by cfcrrng natural princi-
PIES and to the existing state of things, the time il
was formed: will refer YOU 10 that instrument it.
self Tor further proof of tat fact have already call
ed your attention TO the preamble. II is in these words:
We, the People of the United States in order 10
form more perfect Union" Sc Let me ask again il
the words sure, the People IF the United States -
meant we the People not of the United States! Why
We're they termed People Of the United States il the
considered Themselves ab.cvsd from their
TONS ana al large? Can ronstrue the words United
states in s connection, npa,, The Pcople within
The outer boundaries al he exterior without
cnce ~ the ates and State n"i,utcns i'm any OH
sense' Are not forbidden TO give them Ills mean
ing, ny the words mhich follow, viz: ro farm more
perfect UniOn?" The word Union can relate TO no.
thing hut the States. The object have before stated
YVES 20 unite man, not rhe People, pc ieci'y Be
sides, perfect union Of the p-ople cannot be
produced by constitutional an Nv Inc social COM
pact Iii not the object OF Constitution to unite the
people pre- supro'es their most perfect union under
me social compact IL il owing alone TO that pre-ex.
is'ng Uncp, that they can form Constitutions or
have any Deed for it, 1t would have been inappropri-
ate, therefore, in the preamble 10 the Constitution 10
nave sand, 'norder To firm more perject ONION" in
reference TO the People: besds, there was not then,
nor hnd there existed, any political Union among the
People--mersiy as Peopie. TIE Union which existed
under The articles oil Confederation. a Union of the
states: 10 form Union Of The Safes perfect
than the one which then existed was she olect re-
pea, of the present Constitution
That such was the intention of hose who framed the
seoioey of that instrument. In the 81 section Of the
first a'ticle, Grd This provisions sThe House of
Representatives shall he composed Of member. chosen
every sec0Nd year by The People Of the several States
And again, "Repress ntaves and dir taxes shall he
apporonsd among the several State, which NAV he
included within this Union" We Sec from what
have read, that the members were 10 be chosen not
by the People t large hut by the People OF the
raj S'aes-ard This shows what was meant in the pre
ambie, ny The words eve, the PEOPLE of the United
StatPs. IL shows that these words meant "lhe PeorJs
Of the several States" The pPopla who formed The
Constitution, TO elect their Members in the sam 3
character in which they formed that nstrument--as
The People OF tn several States. This lea il cor-
hrmed 10y the provision chat representation and di.
rect taves, shall he arrorlioncd among the several
States" what several S'ates' The answer il given
III The same senfepce-those (which may be included
within this Union" Then the Union was Of States.
They were 70 he represented az States and taxed
estates; and only the States which might be included
within The Union, were 10 pay tax, and be entitled 10
be represented. II re, too the word State most evil
IDENTIFY means The People who compose it, They are
TO choose cn'a'vcs and they be taxed as
the collective bodies who constitute the State Again
the same provision farther on read. thus: "Tbe nun
her OF Representatives hail not exceed enc for thirtv
Thousands but each ate shall have at least one Rop
reseniavs. &c; and until such enumeration shall he
made, New Himpshire h BE- entitled 10 choose III
Rhode lsland one, SC" Here il IL very evident IN,
the word state, as used TO the People of the
Saie-popniaon is made the basis Of representation
The ratio is fixed at thirty thousand hut whether
thirty thousand, smaller number of People com.
posed state, il should have Representative
Ot HamD
shire should, until The next enumeration be entitled
to choo three Representatives. means that the peo
pie who composed t'd State should choose and impIie
that their number II least ninety thousand and az
of the other Sia'es But hear This provision of ihe
Consiiigion still further 10 the same effect "When
vacancy happens in the representation rom any State
the Executive authority thereof shall issi,e wrs Of
lection" &c Who can misunderstood ni, language
Who do"s not sse from the clauses Of the Cor srtnnor
which have read, hat that instrument was made b,
the people OF the states, in their State capacity: that iht
States made H. In The last clause there il an eviden
distinction between the ate and the government Of the
State. "to il vacancy happening any Of the States
the Executive authority thereof shoulI is.ue tyrits o
election" SC. The States were t. have The teprcsen
taiives FOR every 30 900 composing H. and the ES
ecutive authority Of the State was ssne tyrs TO fl
vacancies happening in the state. Now, the State
iofmed by the social compact the Executive au'borit,
was formed iy the constitutional cOmplci: the Coust
tuition in all 's references 10 tie pcople and in s /,
requsions on them refeTs to them either by the tern
"Siate or the terms PEOPLE OF The S'se AZ evdpr
from tie clauses which have read. But iiis dsfnc
ton between the State aud the government thereof
Obviously d'pye in the third section Of the first or
uce: ~ rel5tes 10 the creation If the Senate The bod
which nov compoge and reads tilus: ''The Senaf
Of the Uoiled States shall he composed Of two Senator
from each Sate. chosen by The Legislature thereof
Here tho word state, in the other instances yvhtc
have read, means the people incorporated by the so
cia compact, and The Legislature which w,s create
by the constitutional compact must be referred 10 IN
Constitution, by which il was created.
The sorisl compact created The Sa'e The state Gre
ated by its constitutional compact s goVefnnsn an
hence say, fhe Govorrfnsnt Of n State. he Le il
laiive, Executive and Judicial authority ofthe Stat
The People Of fhe state speak act only thfoug
their constitutional tunr iYlafisq, Of by convention.
The prevailing idca that, chen the Constitution Of
Stale Is abo'ithed, thc people arc thrown back in