Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1830-06-25

| RICHMOND, FRIDAY, JUNE 25. 1880.
FOR THE E-WQUIKhR.
An INvKsrfoArIoN Of the effects IF Afaehinery upon
the ueyareV Society.
rh- qne.'oo has lons .iiS.-. specuia'is' upon hap
whether civiz ID Society az, upon the Of
felicity, any thing TO hos.t OF tbs savage inhab
'An's OF country not subject TO tho control OF
"el he'd Government; or in oher wo-d. VIII. Their tie
rehnenent oil tivifz ,tion, tends TO anne the
d,ion Of men. Tho.e Who advoeat-s OF the opin-
ion, that the hapn, Of So.iety rvce, e.on
ny exchanging the unrestr aimed Freedom Of savage
eSi''ence Tor txprcted security under the rameis OF
government, support tb-ir position by such agnment
as these: They cay. that though he ostrn.ibl- pur
pose OF every Government, is % prot- ct Individual
rights-ys', that there doe. not upon ths tccor,
OF History, single Government, hch did not, when
by age had acquired strength, 20 lar perv.rt the pu
po'.s Tor which il Was irsuutsi as 4. tocom, the
spoii-r Of what IL originally designed to drtep
that u, men, in atsn p, srcure their tighs
from usurpaon, voluntarily incur the very evil which
they only feared would result from the .rcse OF the
accidental superiority Of uncontrolled power. When
reminded, that they aust at least number among the
fruits CT Government. civil izaon aud its
tho arts sciences, and rrte Of anuer. they may
answer, thai admitting thu, cvi!iz ,,ioa contributes TO
!eveope the faculties Of the human mind extend the
earae:S Tor enjo!S.sn. AMI multiply tho m.s,s Of
grauhea ion,-.et, these Improve ben Ii, but
-mah number CT the citizens OF civilized CJmmuni-
ty: that knowledge te!f, being unequaiiy distributed,
puts in the possession Of f-w expedents tor liner
their privileges at the cSpcn,e Of others, either too g
norant 10 detect, or too weak to count-val the efforts
Of their powerful adver.ais- They Ekewte 80. that
I've arts which are uSered into bticR by s-eut~ know
ledge, minister only 10 the luxury Of the sff1
while the poor, who are the great mass Of every Com
munity. not only protrse miserable -xstenee in the
w.ut Of nauy Of thu .s,,res of life, but have the
interent wretch dnea Of their condition aggravated
10y the constant contract tetween their own u.
graduation aud Indulgence, AMI the grandeur and sups,
tive snjoymeas Of those who as.ume 10 therusvive,
more than ju't prop ion Of power, sn waa,on in all
the sx.ravsgancs Of excessive w~aI,h.-Tai them,
that man. by the enarseme Mt Of his knowledge 10 able
10 his eel,rsl the agents Of nature and aky
4 i'm he protu nc ton Of 4,
support life, or extsnG ii' pleasures They reply.
that in this boaTed greatness, consists the misery Of
thousands-that In fact, in this, ated the
III effects Of civilization AMI knowei that the very
part performed "-iurL agcn.s, 10 the work OF pro.
dneton should be allotted 10 that mum aud ns-dy
class with whom II 10 difficult to fId employ men pro-
due,ve enough 10 support existence Thut, those who
aEms in hi' way are opPoiedt whatever, to the gem
er.iy Of ob,srvrrs bear. tho Ct .meliots
ing tho condition oil Saee,y. They rail sgin.t
thing that locks like improvement az Taught with dis
s,rom' effects to the larger portion Of the Community
THIS IL the circle oil their rsasoning they say. ,ha'
Government Fl her does doe, not, individual,
The possession oil their righ-:hati il l. do rot secure
ihdvidual rights. rohing will BIZ gsped b. its n,tu.
ton II it snb.erve be purposes Tor which IL was n,ti
tutsd siew WILL under its inHu,nc by supe Tor
tvi'y and tngsiity, accumulate w.slth-weAta, they
say will afford leisure for the propa atioa aud cuiva
ZION OF Observation-Disclosures will Introduce 10 the
laws OF nature, and enable tho adventure in any do
p,rtmsn' OF production. to employ hoe agent, water
advantage, and at less expense than would serve TO
maintain labourer and that the Inevitable
will be- the exclusion from employment OF largo por.
lion oil S'cisty, incapable Of Otherwise obtaining sub
sst<nce.
; The ,bsur,i,y and mons,rou. consciousness. Of IN,
doctrines OF those who adverse to tho alliance oil
natural agents with human efforts, will appear more
paipaoie ny pursuing the foregoing chain Of rrA'ong
from conclusion 10 premises Taoss who cssdenn the
ELECT must likewise wish TO remove the cause Those
whe a-e inimies' 10 recourse being made TO natural
means. ia the creation Of value, must like wise be h,,-
Tile 20 the Advancement Of scientific know l:dge, which
Alone can enAbl- us compel the agents OF nature 10
move al our hiddins-here 'hoy cannot ,tap-,hey
must proceed still father and close the iountsin OF
knowledge, which they will discover 10 be that free.
dom from the urgent claims Of necessity, yfIdrd by
wealth slowly s"d iaborious " accumulated Us Indeed
" must have been, in the absence CT knowIedge) by
the mere operation Of human power, assisted by these
auxisries, which lie v.ibc upon the surface of ma
ure, that tho Of ignor ,e had die vered in
what manner they could be made tn operate with
human Efforts From ei.u the parent OF knowledge
they must advance step higher; and they hsd DE-
nounrri every antecedent link in the chain OF cause.
ana rfee" Trey must. consi'tenly with themselves
hkew.e prescribe veal h. Can thy mount yet high
er security OF property, essential to the creation and
preservation OF wealth. cannot escape their swe~pins
drnuneia'ion. From security Of prop.rty the n .xi
natural and last st-p hto the exi,t,nc- Of Government
which they must consider the original so ce Of all
me causes ihey had prescribed, destructive Of the
happ'nr's OF Society. But, the employment Of tn,
powers Of Nature. through the medium OF Machinery
oaJnant to human lhour, is too important it,
s'F has too extensive bearing upon the interests OF
Society, - v~s its defence upon abstract prneipe.
The subject IL suseepiihe of smother and clearer d..
monsraon The alliance OF the powers of nstur, and
" "
recourse Tor ts usfc asn to hypo al res,onns
or hne drawn distractions. IL requires only 10 be .u
"ida'ed aod understoed TO have it's exen.ive
utility admitted on all hsnis IL will when IL, mod,
"f operation clearly eomprehendr be discovered 10
snoterve interests OF every rank from the en,ry,tsd
noble. TO the b-ggared peasant Til, IL one of tbose
great snhI~c's which present in their details few dc.
etrfious rher vi-ibs to but whnse utility
es 80 lar beyond the ken Of vugsr a, 10
he pereevsble only nv the light Of truth a,eer
tanned by the unwcsred diligenee of mpsr,i.i iny.,
gaion. Asa mariner, who, upon VOYAGE of di.eoye.
ry eos''ing along t- ,hores of an unknown land b,.
his Imagination struck only by the breakers and
winch arrest and endanger hs progress IL incompetent
% report upon the internal Of the country
The quality OF its SOIL iis mineral. and navissbl.
sr'an'-'o is The superficial observer, Who upon any
sntJeot of general interest approaches no farther than
rs skirts ard tskss into view only those papahIa con-
sqpenees which in order TO be perceived re uure no.
hing nut the opening Of the eye, unfit d.f.rmin.
whether the cause, from which result. tn sc f-c,s
oprrafns TO the benefit injury Of Society. Let us
10 inc hrs place. consder what the ends OF labour
IN any one Of tho departments Of production 10 il not
the design Of the sdyenurer in agriculture manuise.
'ures or commerce, TO invest matter 18th ne w eolu,,
The manufacturer for instance, tran,orms the "a ma
eri,l into an article Of elo,hins ADAPTED TO tho ,,,,
| ion oil human want. The commodity sonv.y,d nv
me aveh'urer in commerce, from one eauntry 10 an.
other, undergoss m sexual moirie alton in value f.,
the very act OF transportation. So, like wise with the
sEicuIiufist The grain which he commits 10 he earth
| F" by the combined sgeney OF Iabour and natural
inesns mupliedibe hgrituIturist thus ming
Dan article ef food, whs without his industry won
nave remained destitute OF utility. But IL must no.
ne forgotten, that in prolific ion IF value pro