Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1830-04-23


any Of these PARTICULARS mention them. because, il
no one OF them. could the judiciary have il
restraining power, even II II possessed by thai
department, to the extent contended or could not by
the forms OF the Constitution, have reached any one o
the cases, by any conceivable exertion of its power
What, then, restrained the States from violating the
Constitution, in any OF the particulars which have
enumerated? II they are as prone to transcend the
limits OF their power, they repre- sened to be- one
would think that in tho course of fifty years some in.
stance oil violation must have occurred. No. sir, the
security OF the Constitution from inroad. npon by tn,
States, is TO be found in that wisdom, which is away
associated with sovereignty. IL the continent will
ana the concentrated wisdom OF the people who com.
pose State, IL not TO be conded in, what else un.
der Heaven, ask, can confidence he placed! That
VIII necessarily pure, because is the will Of IN,
people; not as people, but citizens. IL i. the will of
all IN relation 10 each, and OF in relation TO him.
sell specially; and there is man. or set of men ON
earth who il they can be freed from sell.h influences
VIII not act Justly Sir, that is tn conioa of the cti.
Gems Of the States; their sentiments all of that
acter; they disc oored in their by the
i'h Influences the political FJucaries, through who's
agency they take efec aud this, which produced by
The iunctonaries, is charged upon the citizens IL is
the iunct0nares them and not the cz-ns who are TO
be feared; and those Of the General Government not
less than those OF 'ho States; and with both those are
most 10 be feared who least respons TO the c
zens; and therefore, the judiciary more TO be dreaded
man any other department What motives, let re.
peat can the States have, TO weaken or destroy the u
Mon! they formed H. and after ALL they have The now
erot maintaining or destroying it, IL lives i'm the
oil their nostrils-in their ntelligence-n their acr
ons-and their conscious need OF IT, Ii was not form
ed by them under the coercive influence of the Sn.
preme Court; the offspring of the
ana uncons'rained sovereignties OF the States.
Sir, the doctrine contended for is parricidai II is for
the destruction OF the parent, by its c.prine il i, no,
the doctrine Of Jefferson, Madi.on, or Hamilton
But am aversc from quotation; doctrine should h.
approved reprobaed not because il ha. ar ba. moi
had the sanction of this that listing man hui
because i, is inirn.icay right wrong am oppo,.
ed to the goveinu n Of living men, still more of the
dead Our government should be that Of laws through
the agency only of men. Every civil society large g.
noush 10 constitute and maintain itself state should
govern it'elt by its own WILL through the medium of
such dcviccsas its wisdom shall select IL should act
jointly with its associates in reference 10 foreign oh.
Jec' and ,epara;ely in reference to its interior con-
germs but 1t should maintain its sovereignty by all
means and At all hazards. for there i. not in the caa.
ouge OF evils, single one much 10 be deprecated
oy STATE as the prosti alton OF its sovereigny-iti.
the loss oil their liberty, 10 the people who compose it,
Mr.. President, fear have fagu,d you and the
Senate; the only apology Offer is the importance
oil the subject which have endeavored TO discuss. !
visw Tie State Sovereigntes the sheet anchor of
OF tie Union look to the States, and not TO the Su-
preme Court, for its strength and perpeuity. view
Inc doctrine asserted by the gentleman greatly more
dangerous TO this Union than the Hartford Conven-
ton the rhroueh which has goriousy passed
Sir there is 10 danger OF the States flying oil from
the Union; you may possibly drive them of, by attempt
ing 10 PROSTATE their sovereignty and make them
sails OF the Supreme Court, provinces OF the Gcner
al Government; but left in the undisiurbpd erioyment
OF their own sovereign rights, they will cling 10 the u.
Mon as the rock of their safcty and adhere TO it, until
time irclt shall have grown old.
Mr. President, cannot close without expires ing
my concurrence in the senne. e so eloouentv and
iorciby EXPRESSED by the honorable Senator South
Carolina, (Mr. Hayne,l in relation the public lands
The Union would not, in my opinion he weakened, but
strength cned, by his mode OF disposng oil them upon
HE PLAN you would have farms where you have now
wilderness, reeholds where you have now day labor
ers, and the obj "ctOn OF poverty would he exchanged
Tor the pride and patriotism OF propretorship Sir the
strength Of the Union is in the number and marriott
ism of the People of the sovereign States which com
pcseh, and the wealth of the States consist in tho
,,,,I,, al, 80.
est incentive 10 agricultural industry consists in the
consciousness Of each citizen that he is the prope tor
the soil which he culivacs Lst the public lands then
be sold not given, at price, which aims rather null
upying freehoers than at increasing the re venue a.
the primary oil Jet Of selling them.
Another motive, with the Unied States 10 cell the
public lands at very moderate price, should be to
strengthen the weak and more exposed parts of the
country Emgrants should find in the reduced price of
the lands strong motives TO settle and thereby strength
en- those weak and exposed parts But the great, the
paramount motive with me, TO sell the public lands al
the very loves. price, would be TO release the
which they lie, from their dependence upon the gener-
al government; and the other States from the degrade
ton OF soliciting Of supplicating Congress- for dona
lions OF them The States should have the eventual
tranc endental right OF sovereens the soil within
their limit.
Every policy, which has tendency TO humiIiae the
States, either by force or seduction, should, in my
pnion; be depre ca,ed. 1t i. tendency tow ards the
consolidation OF the government and the slavery Of the
people.
Revenue, for the reasons, should not be unne-
".
money, not needed by the government, should not be
exaceG from the people IL should be left in their pock
et': there il increases the incentives industry and
the facilities TO reward II. When the treasury of mo-
march overilows his subjects bleed for il the game
at which monarchs delight 10 play when they have mo-
ney at command. When the of republic are
dundant, peculaiion fraud, and corruption, se about
The treasury Among free Governments that i, the
which promotes the happiness, and protects the rights
OF the people, at the least expense. The people get
their money by labor, Whatever the government takes
OF 1t, more than is to pay the Just expenses
oil ITS administration il TO the extent of the excess
inhction OF slavery upon them. Revenue beyond
the IL, ces.ary expenses of this government can only
he necessary for purposes OF consolidation not of the u
Mon, but OF the government.
MIR. President word upon the road making pow e r
Of the government or rah'r upon the expectancy of
The exercise OF that power, by this government, for
the State Of Kentucky has, for the present ,ilenc ell
the question 1cih me, az 10 the power. 1 am an in
'trucIon man, and will speak the sentiment of nv
State, according TO its instructions without ibaurng
into the reasons by which ii influenced in giving
those instructions.
cannot, however, repTess the expression of nv
Tears, That there IL of seduction in the captivatng
terms, by which this system sdesgnated, than IN ere
will be OF solid practical utility in its process and
suits, 81 he American system" These are words of
magic potency with those who do not examine into
their import into The operation and effect of what the
mean. IL they construed TO mean the exercise Of
any power not expressly .lowcd by the States TO be
exercised by the general government-fhea their i'm.
port sanctions usurpation,then the Constitution ceases
To be alone the bond of Union. II they mean that
The powers OF the UnioD ns cad OF being exerted for
the States and for the great objects bv the
States, shall be exertsd JUithin each State then