Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1830-06-29
h,Om the Encyclopedia ASlsries''s.

rrincipa|ly met with i'll limestone Oh the oians''io
and Hoctz period, ingypsum' SOMETIMES III eau e'
stone. and in volcanic rocks tDasait, lava, ,o,"'
Scl sometimes they are the effect OF crys'a'iAa-
ton, The forms Of the cave depend paruy uPon
the nature of the substance IN w'ich ,"eJ eN''''
but il is frequently altered by eXterhai CAUSES
In reference to thei, internal CONSTRUCTION, u'o
hoIlows in the earth may be DIVIDED ih'o ,ree
"issoe those of H.. first are divided into c'etts;
60 IS the second admit the daylight at both
ends and form natural passages, which some
,;nes serve the rivers as beds; the third ana most
.n,,,on class consists of those which form 'lne
of ornto,,. about an equal height. running Ill Tue
came direction and connected nv passages more
or lass narrow. Out of some grottoes. rivers .ahe
ther course. Others admit rivers or may De saiu u
sw.,loy them for space, iii they again energy
There are many and various causes Tor the 'or-
mation of caves. These IN limestone ana 5NP- |
sun are unauestionablv the results OF me "issoiV
inc mower of water; in fact. the almast reiiecty
uniform direction, the gently and equsb'e decn'-
;tv of most caves, appear to be the effect of the
Icnr continuance of water in them, the ac'ioh oil
| which has wideued the existing crevices. III
trachyt and leva, caves appear TO nave oee't
prodnced by the effects OF gas. Inc caves "'
gypsum often contain foul alr; the caves OIL ''ne-
stone. various figures Of stalacuiea, produced nY
the deposit of the l'me dissolved IN the watef'-
The most of these lime caves contain remnants
of bones of animals, viz. OF hysnas, ELEPHANTS
hears. MANY caves are remarkable only Oh ac-
count If their great size, or sublime from the
awful gloom which pervades them, and the echoes
which roll like thunder through their yanted
passages. Some are of great depth as that OF
Fredericshall in Norway, which is calculated to
he II 600 feet in depth. One of the grandest ca
verns known is Finga's cave. in Staiia, one OF
tbs Western islands of Scotland. lis sides are
formed of ranges of basaltic columns, which are
almost a. regular as hewn stone. The grot'o OF
An,inaros. on the island of the same name, IN
Archinelapoi is celebrated for its magnitlcence.-
The massage at the entrance gIitters, IN the
torch .Eoht. IS il it were studded with diamonds.
The roof is adorned with stalactites. many OF
them 90 feet long. and hung with festoons OF va
rious forms and brilliant appearance. In some
parts. immense columns descend TO the Hoor;
others present the appearance OF trees and brooks
turned to marble. The Peake cavern, IN Deroyr
shire, England is also celebrated curiosity OF
this kind 1t is nearly half mile IN length ana
at il. lowest part, 600 feet below the surface
} The caves of Kirkdae in England, and Gaiien-
reuth. in Germany. are remarkable tor the GUAM.
titles of bones of the elephant, rhInocerous ana
, ibv.ena. found in them. The mine Of f1uor spar,
IN aStlcLOu DtIUNsHics paSoeu
/ stalactic caverns. Other caverns IN England
contain subterraueous cascades. In the rock OF
Gibraltar. there are a number of stalacuc ca
verns. of which the principal is st. Michae's
; cave 1000 feet above the sea. The most famous
coyes in Germany are those Of Baumaun and BIZ
elste;n. in the Hartz. (See Buckland's RehqniG
ted caves in q. States are MdidIson'ss cave in
Rockingham CO. Virginia, extending 800 feet in.
to the earth, and adorned with beautiful incrus-
tations of staactites; Wier's cave in the same
county extending 500 yards but extremely IT.
regular in its course and size. Near Corydon,
Indiana. is cave, which has been explored for
the distance oEsevera! miles, celebrated for pro-
ducing EPSON Salts
In Kentucky and Tennessee, caves are numer-
Gus, which appear to have been used as burial.
places. In the north west part of Georgia, is
cave called Nickojack cave, so feet high and 100
wide, which has been explored to the distance of
three miles. stream of considerable size runs |
through 1t, which Is interrupted by fall. Caves
are sometimes found which exhale poisonous va
pours. The most remarkable known is the Grot. |
to del Cane, small cave near Naples. In Ice
land there are many caves formed by the lava
from its volcanoes. In the volcanic country near
Rome, there are many natural cavities of great
| extent and coolness, which are sometimes resort
ed to as refuge from the heat The grottoes in
Cevennes mountains in France are both numer.
Gus and extensive. and abound in objects of curl.
osIty. In South America is the cavern of Qua.
charo, which is said to extend for leagues.
-@NcN
From the Ne,o York Eosaiag Post.
AN ADRoIr THIEF.-Last Saturday gentle
man who was passenger in the steamboat Con-
stelation' from Albany to this city, was so un-
fortunate as to have his pantaloons stolen from
under his pillow, while in his birth as,eeD. In :
one of his pockets was wallet containing about
eighty dollars in bank bills, and a draft on the
American Fur Company in this city, for three
thousand seven hundred and ninety two dollars.
On Monday last ne caused an advertisement to
be inserted in one of the city papers, requesting
the thief to return him the draft through the Post
Office, addressed to S. II. Box l16, or at lao T.
Pearl street. at the same time telling him he n
might retain the money contained in the wallet
Payment of the draft having been stopped. so
that 1t would be of no use to the villain. he had
the generosity to comply with the offer, and this