The Arkansas advocate., 1830-06-30


 ponds ot all dime sions, which serve 10 other purpose than to engender disease. He entire structure of this province appears 10 be essentially different from that of Louisiana. In the latter, espe- eiaii5 within hundred miles of the gulf coast, the lands decline from the hanks ot the rivers, and fallintoswamps, which uniformly maintain a lower level than the river banks. On the contrary. ii Texas the lands gradually ascend on leaving tine streams, and are backed by rolling prairies, which afford in many places plantations of considerable ex- tent. Beyond the alluyial border, which extends about sixty miles from the guit coast, the pTairies commence, and reach to the timbered upiands. The aliusial lands, particularly the borders of tie large streams, are thickly covered with the different varieties of oak, elm, cedar wood, alder, dog-wood, walnut; and ! eFeF} other species ct timber, eommoA to such regions, is found in great abuH- dance east of San AntoHia; but west of that river it becomes scarce, haany ex- tensiVe traCts being completely destitute of this important article. These lands are iRterspeFsed with extensive caGe brakes, and are considered by planters as well adapted 10 the cultivation ofsu- gaS cotton, indigo, 6c. and for grazing. 10 an unlimited extent. VI heat. corn. aHd the various kinds of provisions. cal be successfully cultivated throughout the whole of the northern parts of the province. The luxuriant growth of cane in the southern part, iustifes the belief that sugar will become one of its most important productions. Already has this valuable commodity been pre- daced as all experiment in the vicinity eE'>af E.s.eiPe. de. 4 li51iia, with the most fattering prospects ef success.
 Poputdtlo9 and Set5temerts.-The en- tire population of 'Iexas, including the Indians, does not exceed i2,0UO souls; and considerable portion of thg num- Der Is included within tae limits ol
 tustin's colony. The remaining part of the cizilzed population is cobiined chiefly to the towns ot bexar, Gallad. Nacogdoehes, osc. in 5Szf, vhelfthe eaterprlsing Austin commenced the set tlement ot lands acquired by him, Texas was with a few exceptions ali entire wilderness, from the Sablne to tie San Antonio. its white inhabitants were few in number, al.d consisted Of Spaf- iards and their descendants. together with some emlgrants from the United States. The whole country was filled with hostile Indians, who, having no fixed residence, roamed unrestrained over the plains, committing with perfect impunity all kinds Of ezcesses. Aacoe- doches had been destroyed and aban- doned; it has since. however, recovered, and the town and surrounding country are now in fourishing condition.
 Austin's colony was founded in 1920, by Moses Austin, the father of the pre- sent proprietor, under q grant obtained from the oommandant-general of the eastern internal provinces. By the terms ofthis agreement, NIr. Austin was required to establish, three hundred American families in the newly acquired territory; but although many families from the United States had previously fixed themselves in Texas, the actual settlement of the colony was not begun until the year ls2233, when Col. S. F. Austin, in consequence of the decease of his father, assumed the ful6lment of Mir. Austin's contract, and under the sanction of the political authorities of Mexico, commenced the location of the emigrants. Such is, briefly, the history of this interesting community.
 This colony, including the grant of. Colonel hustin, of f527, embraces an5 area of l9,000 square miles; 1t is sIfu- .ated between the 28 deg. and T deg. of noth latitude, and iS deg. and 20deg. west longitude from Washington city, and is watered by the San Jacinto, Brazos, Colorado, La Baca, and some other streams of minor importance.- San Felipe de Austin, the principal town, Is built on the right bank of the Brazos, about lI8 miles from its dis ] charge into the Gulf of Mexico. The great road leading from New-OrIeans to 1 Rio Grande, Moncloya, &c. passes thro' and divides the town into two nearly l equal parts. The town and surround ing settlements, which are rapidly in-
 creasing in numbers, present a scene of active industry rarely met with in other parts of the province. Several good