Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1830-02-05

Tor Instance AS settlement and cultivation ,-,hes Sc
we're considered as substantially complied with. by
me cutting down few trees and erecting. Ing cabin
the work of only few DAYS Eycn iheee con;
TONS very soon came to be considered as merely nom
IT, a"' were never required to be pursued, in order
Ia vest III the grantee, the fee slyie nj the soil S,h
WAS inc system under which this country was ori,in
ally settled and under which the thirteen colonies
hourished and grew up to that early and vigorous
'"nhooI' whSn enabled thcni in few ears to achieve
their Independence and beg gentle me to recoec,
and note the fact that whe they paid subs,an,al,,
nothing 10 The mother country, the whole profits e.
,he'r 'naMs'ry were suffered 10 remain in their own
hanus Now, what let us inquire, was the reason
which has induced all nations To adopt is s,,,sp, in
the settlement OF new countries! Can be any other
IMAM 'h's; that IL affords The only certain means of
building up IN widerness-preat and nrosnerons
communities! Was no, that policy founded on the
universal belief, that the CONQUEST of new cou,,rv
INC asing out the savage beasts and still more sa
~Ee men, Cutting dpwn and subtluine The corcs,
and en:onntering all the hardships and n,v.ons no
cessarlIy incident To the of tbe
milo cultivated fields, was worth .hc fee simple of the
sou" Aud was II not believed that the mother conn
try found ample remuneration for the y., of he
$" granted IN the additions her power and the n. ~
sources ut commerce and of cal,h, furnished by
prosperous ana Popuious States? Now, sir, submit
10 Tue candid consideration of gentlemen Whether
the policy so d;amctrcaly opposite TO this which
mas Heen invariably pursued by the United States to-
wares me new States IN the West has been quite so
last and liberal, as we Lave been accustomed To he
leve. Certain 1T Isl that the British Colonies To the
North OF US and the Spanish and French TO the South
red nm
very different system. Lands, which had been f1p
nifty Or hundred Years open every settler without
any charge beyond the eXpence of tl,. survey ,,er.
the "'omcEt they fell into the hands of the United
states Hed up tor sale ut the Highest prjcc tbat
public auction, at the most favorable seasons and moi
re quehuy spirit OF the wdcs, competition, could
produce with Limitation that they should never be
eo oeio" Certain minimum price thus mak ING it, rs
IL Wou seem, the cardinal point of Our Dolicv moi n
settle the county, and facilitate the Formation of new
states but TO iii our Golfers by conpg cur lapds into
solh. ~
lie, ne now consider for moment, Mr. President,
ne ehece OF these two opposite systems on the con-
a'''on OF New State. will take the State of Mis-
souri, by way OF example Here is large and fertile
territory coming into the possession of the Jni,cd
States, without any inhabitants but Indians and wild
oeasts-a territory which IS TO be converted into a
sovereign and Independent State. You commence
your Operations by surveying and selling out por,;on
CT The lands or long credits actual settlers; and
Tue population progresses, go on, year after wear
hhklnG additional sales the same terms. and th;e
operation Is to be continued genleu ,en tr nc f,r
htty ora hundred years least if not for all t;me "a
come. The INHABITANTS of this State, under such
system, 1T Is most obvious. must have commenced
their operations under load of debt the annual
mcnt OF which must necessarily drain their coup,rr
OF e whole profits of their labor just long as this
system shall! last This debt is due, not f,o,n .om
citizens of the State to others Of the SAME sta,aT
which case the money would remain in the coun,r,l-
oas IL is due from the whole population of the State
10 the United States, by whom il is regularly drawn
ont, to be expended abroad. Sir the amount of this
debt has, in every OF the new States actua,y
constantly exceeded the ability of The people 10 oay
Us Is proved by the fact mat tsye been
from tine TO time, IN your great Ibrral1v I'm extn5
,he credits, and in instances even to rem, mr.
uons OF the debt in order to protect some land deb
tors from bankruptcy and total ruin. Now MIR ppa
s'aeht' VIII submit t!e question any candid man.
whether, Under this system, the teople of a nru,
state so situated could, b, any industry or exertion
ever become ITCH aud prosperous. What has b.nn
tue consequence, SIT! Amos, universal povcrty-no
money -hardy sufficient circulating mr. dunn for the
otuihary exchanges OF society-Paper banks, relief
saws, and the nnumcrahe other evis social nol,icol
ana moral on which 1t is unnecessary for me TO dwell
Sir under system by which drain like this is CON
s'"h.iy operating upon the wealth Of the whole com
ihuhy, the country may be truiy said to be affiliated
with curse which il las been well observr., - ,orn
snevons 20 be borne than the barrenness of ,hc soil
ana inc inciemency OF the seasons.' 1t is SAID sir
iat we learn from DIR own misfortune how TO feel
of inc sherings of others and perhaps the presen,
condition of the Southern States has served 20 nress
more deeply on my own mind the gris vous oppression
OF system by which the wealth OF a Country is dr,;,
ed OIL, to be expended elsewhere In that devoid
region SIR, in which my lot has been cast, il is oar
misfortune TO stand in that relation TO the Federal
government, which subjects It's TO taxation which
requires The utmost efforts of industry to meet
Nearly the whole amount of our contributions is
eHpehded aoroad-we stand towards the United
States in the relation of iceland 10 EnrI.nd ne
fruits OF cur labor draw from us TO enrich other
and more favored sections of The Union; while With
one oi me finest climates and the richest products in
.he World furnishing, with one-tI,ird Of Tile popuIa-
"oh' Two thirds OF the whole exports of the country,
we exhibit the extraordinary, the wonderful and
tui spectacle Of country enriched by the bounty Of
uou' out blasted by the cruel policy of man. The
rank grass grows in streets, our very fields ARE
scathel by the hand of injustice and oppression
such SIR, though probably a less degree must have
oeen the effects of kindred Upcy on the fortunes of
me west. IL is not in The nature of things that it
should have been otherwise
LEI gentlemen now pause and consider for a NO,
men' "has would have been the probable effects of
an opposite policy Suppose, SIR certain portion OF
me state OF Missouri had been originally laid off and
s"'' 10 actual settlers for quit rent Of ssa pepper
corn or even for small price TO be pai down n,
ssM. Then Sir, all the money that was made in the
ro"nuy wond have remained in The country and
passing from band TO hand, would like rich and abun
cant streams foxing through the land, have adorned
ana fettfzed the whole. Suppose Sir, that all the
sales that have been effected, had been made bv the
osa'e' ana that the proceeds had gone into the State
easary 10 be returned back the people in some of
he var'o"e shapes in which beneiicent local govern
"ent eXers lis powers for the improvement of the
condition OF It's citizens. who can say, hoy much
OF wealth and prosperity, how much of Improvement
ia science and the arts, bow much of individual and
Sociai happiness, would lave been diGused through
topic. 80 '
IN coming 10 The consideration OF The uevt crba, rc,