Litchfield enquirer., 1830-02-18
MR H4YNES SPEECH.

1Qth January. Mir, FOOts resolution TeIatlV' lo the public lands heinz under cOnsideratiOn MT. Hayne, of South Carolina, took the floor and delivered an able speech against the res OlutioH.
 After remarking that mo gentleman car fail to perceive that this is questi"n no l0nge to be evadtd, it must be met-fairiy ana rear lessly met; d question that IS pressed upot us in SO many ways--that ntrudes in such variety 0f shapes--inv"lvlng so deeP'y u't fpel;ngs and interests of large portion 0t the TJnon. insinuating itself into almost every question of public policy, and tinSng the whole course uf our legislation, cannot be put aside or laid asleep. We cannot long aVOid it we must meet and overcome lt' or u W!ii ovarcome us." He said, there might be sad to he two great parties in this country, who entertain opposite opinions, both as |" the ,ost and future policy of the government, res i,oct;nc nnblic lands that majority of the I,sonle were of opinion, that the past policy nr tho government had heen just, liberal, kind ond indulgent; as having treated the new Ctates in the spirit of parental weakness. 1r,nt;nq them, as froward children, not only aI that was reasonable, but robbng itself to gratifv their unsuitable desires. Another par ". embracing the entire West, thought, on inc other hand, that no parental kindness had heen extended, but that the old States had acted as task masters. He would not exam inc the grounds of these conducting opinions. us next entrusted the policy of our govern n,ent in relation to its public domains, and thai of inc nations of Europe, in their grants for settling their colonies, showing that they had made grants for the consideration of a nenper corn or a penny, while we had sold nur lands to the highest bidders, and until within few years, on long credits, thus pre- venting the early settlement of our territory /: That our fathers had purchased their lands on the like nominal terms, with superadded stimulation in some cases, of "settlenIent and cultivation" likewise nearly nominal. MT. Hayne preferred the European policy, which thought the driving out the savage beasts, and still more savage men,' subdnlng the forest and pouring wealth into the lap of the mother country by means ot commerce., was a sufficient payment to entitle our tOrefathers to the fee of their lands
 He contended that the new states. by req son of the price pald for their lands, common ced the world under,a load of debt. not to themselves or their state, but to the Union ; and the amount of which, instead of being applied to further their own prosperity, as transferred to the coffers of the Union that the debt had always exceeded the ability o the people to pay, and that in consequence time had been granted, and part of the debl remitted to prevent bankruptcy of some land debtors. The consequence of this state o things had been great poverty in the new states, with scarce enough of circulating medium for the ordinary exchanges of socie ty, paper hanks, relief laws and other evils social pnlitical and moral. MT. Hayne con tinued-
 "Sir. under system by which drain lk this is constantly operating upon the wealth c the whole community, the country may b. truly said to be afflicted with curse which i has been well observed, is more grievous to b. borne than the barrenness of soil, and the in cemency of the seasons. 1t is said, Sir, we learn from our own msfOrtunes how to fee for the suiirrings of others, and perhaps the present condition of the Southern States has served to impress more deeply on my own mind the grievious oppression of system by which the wealth of country is drained off to be expended elsewhere In that devoted region, sir, in which my lot has been cast, it is our misfortune to stand in that relation to the Federal Government which subjects us to a taxation, which it requires the utmost efforts of our industry to meet.
 "Nearly the whole amount of our contri buttons is expended abroad; we stand towards the United States in the relation of Ireland tt England. The fruits of our labor are drawr from us to enrich other and more favorit' sections of the Union while with one of thu finest climates and the richest products in th' world. furnishing. with one third of the pop ulation, two thirds of the whole exports 0 the country, we exhibit the extraordinary, th' wonderful, and painful spectacle of country enriched by the bounty of God, but blasted by the cruel policy of man. The rank gras grows in our streets. our fields arc scathed by the hands of injustice and oppression. Such sir. though probably in less degree, mus have been the effects of a kindred policy or the fortunes of the West. It is not in the nut.s. nf things that it should have been oth' erwise."
 On the question of what ought to be the future policy of the Government, MT. Hayne said, the two parties of whom he had spoken were irrecOncileably divided. One party thought the lands should be used as permGneni fund for TeUenue and future distribution among the states, while the other insisted that the whole of these lands of right belong to, and ought to be relinquished to the states in which they lie.
 He expressed doubts as to the possibility of procuring revenue from such source bu argued that if it were possible, it was not pol itic to raise fund which did not come from the pockets of the people. but from source independent Of them-it was not safe he said to trust such fund to the national rulers He said he might be singular hut he had al ways thought one of the greatest safeguards tU liberty was the watchful jealousy of the