Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1830-07-03
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
IL CoxeREss. jury 4, 1776.

hands which have connected them with another,
and to assume among the powers oil tlle eart''
the separate and equal station to winch the
law of nature and of nature's-God entiile them, a
decent respect to the opinions Of mankind. re-
,uires that thew should declare the causes "mca
impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths 20 be self-evidenty-that
all men are created equal; that they are endowed
nv their Creator with certain analiena6le ri@hts;
that among these are life, liberty. and 1.-THE pur-
suit of happiness That TO secure these rights
governments are instituted among men, deriving
ther inst powers from the consent of the governed;
that whenever any government becomes ue-
structiye to those ends, it is the right OF the
peonIe to alter or TO abolish It, and TO institute
new government, having its foundation on such
urinclples. and organizing It's powers IN such
form, as TO them shall seem most likely to effect
their safety. and happiaess. Prudence, indeed
will dictate, that governments long estab'iSneo'
should not be changed for LIGHT and transient
causes; aud. accordingly. al! experience hath
shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer,
while evils are suRerab!e, than to right them
selves nv abolishin@t the forms ia which they are
accustomed. But when long train Of anu
ses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same
object, eyinccs design to reduce them uGder alb
sote despotism If is their right. 1t Is their duty
to throw "a such government, and to- provide
new guards Tor taelr future security. Such mas
been the patient Sa6arance Of these colonies; and
such is now the necessity which constralns them
20 alter their former system ct government. he
history of the present kan. of Gre3t Britain. Is
history of repeated injuries and usggpations, all
having direct object the establishment OF an ab-
solu,e tyranny over these States. IOproye this,
let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his assent 10 laws, the most
wholesome aud necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws OF
immediate and pressing Importance, unless sus-
pended in their operation I'LL his assent should
g. obtained: and when so suspended he has ut
terly neglected 10 attend to them.
He has refused to pass other lays, for the ac-
commodation OF large Districts of people. unless
these people would relinqush the rights otrepre-
ssntation in the legislature right lnestimabie
10 them, and formidable to tvrants only,
He has called together legislative bodies. 1t
places unusual, uncomfortable. and distant from
the repository fheir public records. for the sole
purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his
measures.
tie has dissolved Representative Houses re-
ceatedly, for opposing with manly iirmness his
tnvasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused, for lOng time after such disso-
utions TO cause Others to be elected; whereby the
legislative powers, incapable Of annihilation. have
reformed to the people at large for their exercise,
the state remaining in the mean time exposed TO
all the dancers ofinvasiOn from without. and con-
WILSON'S from within.
He has endeavored 20 prevent the population OF
these statesyor that purpose obstructlng the laws
for naturalization Of foreigners; refusing to pass
others to encourage their migration hither, and
raising the conditions of new appropriations OF
lands.
He has obstruoted the admipistrationof instice,
BY refusing his assent 10 laws for establishing u
.digary powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his VIII a.
lone for the tenure of their Offices, and the amount
and PAYMENT of their salaries.
He has erected multitude ofnew Offices, and
GENT hither swarms of officers. to harass our peO-
pie and eat out their substance.
lie has keptamon US, times ofpeace standing
armies. without the consent ofour legislatures.
He has affected TO rendec the military indepen-
dent of, and superior to the civil power.
He has combined with others to subject US to
jurisdiction foreign TO constitution. and I'M
Acknowledged by our laws: giving his assent to
their acts of pretended legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops
among u.s.
For protecting them BY mock trial. from pun
ishment for any murders which they should com
nit on the Inhabitants of these states:
For cutting of our trade with all parts of the
world:
For imposing taxes on us without our consent:
For depriving US in many cases of the benefits
Of Trial BY jury:
For transporting US beyond seas, to be tried
for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free system Of English laws
in a neighbor;ng province, establishing an arbi.
trary government, and enlargins ITS boundaries,
so as to render il at once an example and fit nstru
ment for introducing the same absolute rule into
these colonies:
For taking away our charters, ab"lishng our
most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally
the firms of our governments:
Fer ssspending eur own legislatures and de-