The Arkansas advocate., 1830-10-13

n'en. we allude more especially to that class of people who did not engage in manufactures until the temporary char acter of the protecting laws was laid aside by its entire omission in the act of 1924. And pray, was there any stipu- ll;itioa in that act, which guaranticdi diu- ties foreUcr, of 50 to i75 per cent. upon course cottons, of 45 10 225 per cent. upon woollen goods, ard of 100 to IS0 per cent. upon iron? Did not the act bear upon its face the character of . law for raising revenue, with the two fold design of supporting tit tie GGovefIl- meat and of paying off the national debt? Ard how could such law be presumed to be intended to be continu- ed afterthe entire discharge of thedebt? No inferencein favor of perpetuity can certainly be drawn either from the body of the law, or from it's title, and 1t can therefore only be regarded as upon the footing of all other general laws, that is to last aslong as the interests of the country, as understood by Congress, should require. Does then the passage of such law involve any pledge, that 1t will ll'neVer be altered so as to give a claim for indemnity to those who have embarked in a lottery, with the full knowledge that in popular Govern ment there can be no settled legislative policy? We think not, and to make this matter more clear, we will illus trate it by an analogous case or two.
 The State of Pennsylvania within the last twenty years has granted acts ot incorporation for the construction of turnpikesFoad from Harrisburgh to tittsburgh. These laws have induced thousands ofindividaals to embark their capitals in that undertaking. Within the last five years, the Legislature of Pennsylvania has ascertained that he general 4ceitare of the State would be promoted by the construction ofa canal from liarrishnrgh to Pittsburgh, ard she accordingly embarks in the enter prise. The eileetsof this improvement will be as complete an annihilatlon of the turnpike road.as a productive eap- ital to the stockholders, as fit had been swallowed up by an earthquake, inas- much as 1t is hardly probable that it's receipts from tolls, after the completion of the canal, will be more than ade= quate to keep t in repair. Now, would It be sound reasoning to say, that the State should not have undertaken the construction ofthiseanals from regardto the rested interests of those who had shown their patriotic enterprise in constructing the road? However much we may re- gret the individual loss attendant upon such improvements, yet all speculations. must needs be entered upon, subject to. all the risks, seen and not seen, which may occur by change of policy, or the discovery of new lights, or from any other cause. Without such risk. no en- terprise can be imagined at the present day. Acanal may be superseded by a. rall-road to-morrow-a railroad placed on the ground, may be superseded by one raised in the air Nota machine is invented, but may be improved upon; and no doubt one great source of the distress eXlstingamongst manufacturers. arises from the interests vested in old machinery, which is rendered useless and valueiess by new discoveries. And shall the, march of improvement be ar rested because the owners of the old- fashioned hand looms and spinnjnq wheels will have no farther occasion fer those antiquated instruments? Be- tween this case and that of the tariff. there is perfect analogy. The tariff system Is system which holds on to old notions. ltsays that the turnpike road is better than the canal; that old machinery is preferable to the newly invented; that wheelbarrows are to be preferred to horse-carts for the convey ance of burthens. And how does 1t say so? Why, by declaring that dear things are better than cheap things; for to render things cheap, is the great end and object of allimprovements.
 Again. A law is passed by State for locating the seat of justice in new county. A courthouse and jail are built, and houses are erected for the lawyers, judges, taYeris4kseepers, black smiths, merchants, and the hundreds Of others, who remove thither for no other reason butthat 1t is the county town.- Alter a while, the centre of population requires new location. Those whose property IS to be deserted. cry out