Litchfield enquirer., 1830-03-18

ment holds of the People, and not of the
 State Governments. We are all agenis q
 the same supreme power, the People
 The General Government and the State
 Governments derive their authority from
 the same source. Neither can, in relation
 to the other, be called priMary though
 ono IS difinte and restricted, and the other general and reSiduary. The national Gov ernment possesses those powers which it Can be shown the People have conferred on it, and no more. All the rest belongs to the State Governments or to the Psople themselves. So far as the People have re- strained State sovereignty, by the express ion of their will, in the Constitution of the United States, SD far, it must be admitted, State sovereignty is ef1ectually controlled. do not contend that it is, or ought [" be, controlled farther. The sentiment to which have referred, propounds that State sove- re'gnity is only to be controlled by its own |" feeling ofjustiee :" that is to say, it IS not to be controlled at all for one wl,, IS to follow his own feelings is under no le- gal control. Now, however men may thnS this ought to be, the fact is, that the people. of the United States have chosen to impose control on State sovereigntes.
 The Constitution has ordered the matter differently from what this opinion announces
 To make war, for instance, is an exercise or sovereignty ; but the Constitution de- clares that no State shall make war. IT, co1h money is another exercise of sover- c'gn power; but no State is at Hberlv to com money. Again, the Constitution says, that no sovereign State shall be SD sovereig" as to make treaty. These proc hIb'tions, 1t must be confessed, are a con troI, on the State sovereignty of South Carolina, as well as of other States, which ioes nol arise ",trom her own feelings pf honorable juSticc." Such an opiuion, therefore, Is tn defiance of tho planesl provisions of the Constitution.
 There are other procet dings of public bodies which have already been alluded to, and to which l refer again for the pur- pose Ot ascertaining more fully, what Is the length and breadth of that doctrine, denominaied the Carolina doctrine, when the hon. member has now stood upon this floor to maniain. In one of them find IL resolved, that "the Tariff of 1928, and every other Tariff designed 70 promote one branch ot industry, at the expense of oth- eIS, IS contrary to the meaning and in.en- ton of the Federal compac,, a'N4 us such, dangerous, pal pable, and deliberate u- sorpatIon of power, by a detc. uined mas J"r'ly, welding tine General Government beyond the limits ol its delegated powers, as calls upon the States which com pose the suffering minority, in their sovereign capa- cHy. to eXerc'se the powers which, as sovc- rc'gns. necessarily dcvolve upon them, hen 'lIoir compact is vi"lateL."
 Observe, SIT, that this resolution holds inc iarUoi 1928, and every other Tariff, designed to punote one branch of industry tt the expense of another, to be such dangerous, palpabIe, and deliberate usur- pa'i"n ot power, as calls upon the States, ID 'ht'r sovereign capacity, to interfere by ,he1r own authority. Fms denunci ia,ion, MT. President, you will please 10 observe, includes our old Tariff of 1916, as well as all others; because tilat was es,ablishcd d to promote the interest of lhe manufactures o1 cotton, 10 the manifest and admitted illiu- ry Ot the Calcutta cotton trade. Observe again., that all the qualifications are here re. hearsed and charged upon the tariff, which are necessary to bring the case within the gentleman's proposition. The tariff is usur. patton; 1t is dangerous usurration; it IS s palpable usurpatiOn :; it is d delibe. a, e usur. patton. IL iS such a usurpati"n, therefore. a. Calls upon the States to exercise their righ Ot interference. Here is Case, then, with. in the gentleman'S principles, aud all hi. qualifications of his principles. lt is case for action. The Constitution is plainly dangerously, pal pably, and delIbera ely violated !; and the States must interpose their own authority Go arrest the law. Le, us suppose tlIe State of South Carolina to express this same opinion, by the voice Uf her Legislature. That would be very inl- posing, but what then Is the voice ot one State conclusive IL so happens, that at the very moment when South Car Olima resolves that the Tariff laws are um Pennsylvania, and kentuc- ky, resolve exactly the reverse. They hold those laws to be both highly proper, and strictly constitutional. And now, sir, how does the hon. member propose to deal with this case? How does he get out vi this difficulty, upon any principle oi his
 His construction gels us into II; how docs
 he propose to get us Ou.
 In Carolina, the tariff is palpnble, deli-
 terate usurpation {; Carolina, therefore, ,nIa }
 puLlify it, aud refuse to pay lhe duties. h
 Pennsy lvania. .iI is both clearly constitution.
 sl and hiuhlv exnadlent nnd there ina h,,,