Lancaster gazette. [volume] (Lancaster, Mass.) 1828-1830, 1829-12-15
economy in the expenditure of uublick

economy in the expenditure of publick
money promoted. sss.sf e. rsses
i would also recommend that the ma
rIne corps be merged in the artillery or
infantry. as the best mode Of curing the
many defects in its organization. But
little exceeding in number any OF the reg
lments ofinfantry, that corps has besides
It's Lieutenant Colonel Commandant, FIVE
Brevet Lieutenant Colonels, who receive
the full pay and emoluments oftheir brew
ct rank, without rendering proportionate
service. Details for marine service could
as well be made from the infantry or. ar
tIllery, there being no peculiar training
requisite for it.
I with these Improvements, and such
others as jealous watchfulness and ma
ture consideration may suggest, there can
be little doubt that, under an energetic
administration Of its affairs, the Navy may
soon be made every thing that the nation
wishes 1t to be. ITS efficiency in the sup
preston OF piracy in the West India seas,
and wherever its squadrons have been
employed in securing the interests of the
country, will appear from the report of
the Secretary, TO which refer you, for
other interesting details. Among these
would bespeak the attention of Con-
gress, for the views presented in relation
to the Inequality between the army and
navy as 10 The pay Of officers. No such
/. inequality should prevail between these
brave defenders of their country and
where it does exist, it is submitted to
Congress whether it ought not to be rec
titled.
| The report of the Postmaster General
is referred to as exhibiting highly salts
factorily administration of that Depart.
ment. Abuses have been reformed in
creased expedition in the transportation
of the mail secured and its revenue
much improved. In political point of
view, this Department is chiefly impor-
tant as affo!ding the means of diffusing
knowledge. 1t is to the body polite,
what the veins and arteries are to the nat
ural, conveying rapidly and regularly, to
the remotest parts of the system, correct
information of the operations of the Gov
eminent, and bringing back to it the
wishes and feelings of the People.
Through its agency we have secured
ourselves the full enjoyment of the bles-
sings of free press.
In this general survey of our affairs,
subject of high importance presents itself
in the present organization of the Judicia-
ry. An unifoim operation of the Fed
eral Government in the different States
is certainly desirable ; and, existing as
they do in the Union. and on the basis of
perfect equality, each State has right to
expect that the benefits conferred on the
citizens of others should be extended to
hers. The Judicial system of the United
States exists in all its efficiency in only
fifteen members of the Union; to three
others the Circuit Courts, which consti-
tute an important part ofthat system, have
! been impeffectly extended and, to the
remaining six, altogether denied. The
EFFECT has been to withhold from the in
habitants Of the latter the advantages
afforded (by the Supreme Court to their
fellow-ci,izens in other States, in the
whole extent of the criminal, and much of
the civil authority of the Federal Judicial
Try. That this state of things ought to be
}remedied, if it can be done consistently
with the publick welfare, is not 10 be
doubted; neither is it to be disguised
that the organization of our judicial sys.
tenn is at once a difficult and delicate
task. To extend the Circuit Courts equal
y throughout the different parts of the
Union, and, at the same time, to avoid
such multiplication of members as would
cucumber the Supreme Appellate Tribu-
nal, is the object desired. Perhaps it
might be accomplished by dividing the
Circuit Judges into two classes, and pro-
viding that the Supreme Court should be
held by those classes alternately-the
Chief Justice always presiding.
| If an extension of the Circuit Court
system To those States which do not now
enjoy its benefits should be determined
upon, it would, Of course, be necessary to
revise the present arrangement OF the cir
cults; and even if that system should not
be enlarged, such a revision is recon-
mended.
A provision for taking the census of
the people of the United States will, to
ensure the completion Of that work with
in convenient time, claim the early at
tention Of Congress.
The great and constant increase of
business in the Department Of State fore
ed itself, at an early period, upon the at
tenton ofthe Executive. Thirteen years
ago it was, in Mr.. Madison's last mes
sage 10 Congress, made the subject of an
earnest recommendation, which has been
repeated by both of his successors; and
my comparatively limited experience has
satisfied me of its justness. 1t has arisen
from many causes, not the least of which