Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-12-25

viii look into tic pioceed;uee Of the Col cnton
which formed Il hc will End that cvenn that STATE,
u u IS IN population aud uniform asst
in almost all ats iuteests IN that Convention, con
tanning of the master-sprits Of the Revolution
and the standard rcpubkcansof the day; il as pro,
posed TO Introduce the limit III the Scuate
OF that State winch we propose, by basing represent
aion not upon the number OF the taxable inhabitants
only, but upon ratio deduccd from Conformation Of
taxation and numbers Of taxable Inhabitants.
Butts II not little rkab!e that the gentleman
from Loudun, after going into such elaborate in-
vest,eatiou OF the Constitution and Bill of Rights, Of
other States In this Union. should all once have
stopped at that precise point, when he would have
come in contact with States whose interest aud situ
alton, IN respect tn population anaogousto ours
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Ten
nessce are all kept carefully out of view. They pro-
baby do not deserve enQuiry-PrccSey for tie very
reason which, of al others, ought recommend their
example TO us, viz conformity OF their interests 10
ours and the claim of those interests, tn the modif
cations IN their political Institutions, which pro-
pose Ill ours.
My next voucher is the Constitution of tho United
States. YeS,sir, the Constitution of the L. ares.
And here pleased the gentleman from Loudoun II
speak, Of course of the tendency of his remarks TO
dsparage that instrument; aud the eminent men who
recommended to the adoption the American peo.
pie by holding UP that series of papers which have
SO often heard gentlemen this foor refer 70 as con.
tanning the articles of their political creed, speak
OF the Federalist obnoxious to the criticism that
the arguments IN one part Of IL directly traverse and
contradict those used IN enothcr part IL gave inc
some surprise Confess from the known saGacitv OF
that gentleman, that he had MT found a solution for
the apparent contradiction which he alluded; that
he had not discovered The means by which ne a, orra
would solve - completely; tibet lie did not as the su
thors Of tina: work had done, discard from his mind
the influence of one dominant principle and GLOW the
sns'ogon principles their proper place and effect IL
Ina; would have eXr,sined AZ. The sccn;Dr contra.
rSy Il : worthy OF remark that IN his zeal 70 ss
tain s proposition. not merely means but with
-. 81.
pies Of - BIZ o: Rights, the doctrine in one OF those
papers which <eClrGS numbers one o. the clements
c: power, and exC."..s referred 10 ,--aad vet the
very work furnishes direct co----liion o. the use
he proposes To make Nit that IS % stcw -. ...,.
bers form the sole element of power
What is the character cF.he cove.-ler: of -, y
States II IS not full and plcnary government for
ai purposes; but Is complete political entity for
the purposes of conducting the foreign relations az.
the T. States, and as between the States Of: the same
confederacy to settle their differences as members Of
that confederacy. 1t is shorn OF all power TO inter
ere with the municipal regulations of the States; but
Ms limitation TO our foreign relations does not change
is Classification. 1t does not be republican
because refers to external Concerns only; vet II
n effect contenGed that the government, If ap-
Piled To oJr internal concerns arisocratic and oil
5archcal. Surely the limit aton of the uses of its
power does not qualify change the designation OF
The government Sel and If government is rcpubi.
;an, wien charged with part of concerns, it
does not cease TO be republican e charged with the
"hoie OF our concerns rs one people Ia
Now. look at the principles which enter into the
Constitution OF that government. The Federal Go
'e'nment is government formed By an association of
sovereigns; the governments of the several
associations of individuals Now, il happens in res
pect TO states that the principle of their equality ia
not admitted by only, By, BY all Chrisendom all
civilized people admit equality Of States. Whether
their governments be republican or TnonarchlraI-I
whether political power be exercised by the Deope in
person, or by their or by the Auocrat
upon his throne, none dciiiGd EQUALITY ainoaG
themselves But the equality Of indi; duais has moi
Inc same force of authority: that is denied bv all tho
rest OF Chrstendom. States are artificial entities.
they are political corporations and with us thew are
to form government. lust as individual
men wouid associate Tor the same purpose. Their
primitive equailty Is confessed: none dispute H. ve,
how are these equals dealt with in the details If Tho
Federal Government Looking, indeed to ono oF,bo
departments Of that government we find their eonaI
NY preserved strictly but if we look to other dena,
ments of 1t, we shall nd, that other conscientious
have supervened; which political con siderations 70
CURED TO be weighed and due allowance 10 no TnnSo
Tor, IN order to effect the great end of government
VIZ: the protection Of all. In other denartrnon,s
these entities are treated as integral but as rem
resenting different masses Of populations and noycr
is allowed them according the proportion of tbo
masses To each other while in bird branch Of the
government, we fInd compound principle made mn
OF both combined The Executive branch is tho NJ
geny OF an union Of these principles. There is an
quality OF the parties in sense and there is n die
ference o. power IN anotber yet is not this rcpub.
l4OtlnOun
lMr. Mercer0 or the gentleman from Brooke M
Doddrdge) PTo;.race their anathena gainst il as an
aristocracy, or an ogarohy1 I...ak at the rnodGco
ton OF the principle In order TO fix tho relative d.
mensions OF entities which equal in ono sense ono
part OF the population 10 allowed value ACCORDING
10 It's number, and the other according TO certaiS
proportion of it's numbers.
Wen, SIR; has this changed it into any other ,hon
republican Government II is said that this ar.
tahgeIncnt was the result ofa compromise Admit
ing tms, demand to know whether all conprotnses
are not the fruit Of modification of Antagonist urnc
Pie53 Are they made by mere guess, in mnnner
thcm' Or is not the compromise to fix the r2cciso
point "herc antagonist principles ntorsect each other
50 as To give TO both their due operation
Il refer 10 the Constitution Of tho United State,
not merely to vlndcatc scheme from the stirrn
which IS attempted to be fxod upon it bu, for nnoi.
er end more important purpose. That poyerntncn,
mas been referred 10, not only an example to SHOW,
the consideration Of oil population bond and free. in
the apportonmcnt Of political power but becarso rs
us influence on TINS state as member Of the confed
nTnCV. m subject n hnT