The Massachusetts spy, and Worcester County advertiser. [volume] ([Worcester, Mass.]) 1825-1831, 1829-09-09
From the National LnteLigsncs.
PRESENT CRISIS IN THE CONDITION
OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS.

rhES SE CRISIS in THE CONDITION
of The AMERICAN INDIANS.
No. III.
Fhe title of the Treaty to which | referre,
!" my iast number is in these words:
Ar''cies concluded at Hopewell, on tn
! neo"ee' between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew
riekens, Joseph Martin, and Lachlan Min
IGSn, commissioners plenipotentary of tn,
United States of America, Of the one part, anC
Ihe mead Men and Warriors of all the Chero
KEGS, OF the other'
me preface to the article is thus expressed
ne commissioners Plenipotentiary of the
ohleo STATES in Congress assembled, give
peace 10 all the Cherokees, and receive then
1nto the favor and protection OF the United
tons" NoN"'
Before proceed to mako an abstract of the
articles, 1t is proper to say, that in regard t.
.nis and all subsequent Treaties, shall be al
piiei as appears to be consistent with putting
the reader in full possession of the case The
more material parts of treaties shall cite lit
orally and these will be distinguished by
double inverted commas. Other parts will be
abridged; but where the principal words Of
any abridgment are taken from the treaties
such passages will be marked by single invert-
Gu commas The less material parts will be
expressed as briefly as possible in nv own Ian
guage; out IN all these cases | pledge myself to
the strictest hdelity. At least the subject OF
eoeTy article shall be mentioned, that the read
er may Judge Of the general aspect of the
whole, as well as the meaning of the most i'm.
portant parts The Treaty Of Hopewell, then,
reads as follows:
ART. !. The Head Men and Warriors Of
all the Cherokees shall restore all the prison.
ers, citizens of the United States, or subjects of
their allies, to their entire liberty: they shall
also restore all the negroes, and ali other prop
erty taken during the late war, from the citi-
Gems, to such person, and at such time and
place as the Commissioners shall appoint.
ART. z. The Commissioners of the United
States IN Congress assembled, shall restore all
the prisoners taken from the Indians during
the late war, to the Head Men and Warriors OF
the Cherokese, as early as is practicable.
ART. 3. The said Indians, for themselves.
and shcir respective Tribes and Towns, do ac-
knowledge all the Cherokees to be under the
protection of the United States of America
and of no other sovereign whatsoever.
ART. 4. The boundary allotted to the Cher.
okees for their hunting grounds, between the
said indians and the citizens of the United
States, within the limits of the United States
of America, is, and shall be the following :"
This boundary defines the Northern and East.
",
CART. 5. If any citizen of the United States.
or other person, not being an Indian, shall at.
tempt to settle en- any of the lands Westward
and Southwark of the said boundary, which
are hereby allotted to the Indians for their
hunting grounds, or having already settled and
viii not remove from the same within six
months after the ratification of this Treaty.
such person shall forfeit the protection of the
United States, and the Indians NAV punish
him, or not, as they please" Then follows
proviso, as to settlers between the Fork of
French Broad and Holston,' whose case is to
be referred to Congress
ART 8. If any Indian, or Indinne, or per.
sons residing among them, or VINO shall fake
refuge in their Nation, shall commit robbery.
or murder, or other capital crime, on any cit
Izen of the United States, or person Under
their protection, the Nation or Tribe, to which
such offender, or offenders may belong, shall
be bound to deliver him or them up. to be
punished according to the ordinances of the
United States" provided that the punish.
ment shall not be greater, than if the crime
had been committed by citizen on citizen
ART. Z. If any citizen of the United States.
or person under their protection, shall commit
robbery or murder, or other capital crime. on
any INDIAN" he shall be punished in the same
manner as if the crime had been committed
on citizen; and the punishment shall be in
the presence of some of the Cherokces, who
shall have due notice of the time and place
ART. 8. No punishment of the innocent for
the guilty, on either side, "exeept where there
is manifest violation of this Treaty and
then it shall be preceded first by a demand of
justice and if refused, then by a declaration
of hostilites."
CART. 9. For the benefit and comfort of the
Indians, and for the prevention of injuries or
expressions on the part of the citizens or In
dams, the United States in Congress assem-
bled shall have the sole and exclusive right
ofregulating the trade with the Indians, and
managing all their affairs in such manner as
they think proper.
ART. TO- Until the pleasure of Congress be
known respecting the 9th Article" tempo
rary provision is made for the security of
traders.
carr. IL. The said Indians shall give no.
tice" ofany designs " formed in any neigboring
tribe, or by any person whomsoeVer against
the peace, trade, or interests of the U. States.
CART. IL. That the Indians may have full
confidence in the justice Of the United States,
respecting their interests, they shall have a
right to send deputy of their choice, when
ever they think fit, to Congress.
ART. 49, The Ratchet shall be for ever burr
ed, and peace gwen by the United States, and
friendship re-establshed between the said
States on the one part, and all the Cnerokees
on the other, shall be universal and the con-
tracing parties shall use their utmost endeav-
ors to maintain the peace given as aforesaid,
and friendship re-established."
These articles were signed by the four Com.
miSsioners ofth United States, and by thirty
seven Head Men and Warriors Of the Cherokees
in the presence of William Blount, afterwards
Governor Of Tennessee, and eight other wit
nesses. In the formusry which prscedes the
signatures, the articles are called Definite
Treaty"
1t may be we'll to look, for few moments, al
some of tho Gestures of this instrument
though it is by no means so important, as two
or more of the treaties which have since beer
| neg ociatod by the same parties. Among the
documents of Congress, published during the