Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1829-12-29

l
shire, of Maine, of Connecticut, of Nersiont,-
shew that this political Dogma its ptation to
mature society with interests far advanced, and LONG
notwithstanding idea of carving and cutting out tbs
mass OF society, so as to ign to each equ;,
portion OF political power, has been Attempted b,
them and Notwithstanding all the facilities, which
the condition OF some of these States, respect t
the,r focaiites municipal arrangements aud state
society afforded for the application of this princpl,
OF equality, having regard to naked principles only
has been disregarded in branch of their Lcrsla
tHrc; anu traversed by stronger checks il
the ether branch than any propose 10 adopt- lie
me tell h:In too, that though The feature DIES nutow
appear in the Constitution Of PENNSYLVANIA vet if hc
VIII look into The proceedings OF he Convention
winch iortGeG !, e VIII fad that even in hat Stat
heterogeneous is in pnpula io AMI un,,ro, .s i
IS IN almost all its interests in thct Convention.
tanning some OF the ma>erspirits Of he Revolution
Land the standard republicans Of The ,lav; it was pro
pse:i tp introduce the same Limitation IL, The Sc:Ifte
"t mai ;t2e WHICH we propose, by basnE rcptcs e.lt
silon not upon the number OF TIC taxable inhabitants
only, but npon ratio drduced from c.,r,binat ION o.
taxation a.d numbers Of taxable inhabitants.
Bal, Is il not little remark ihlc that the centc,na,
FROM ioulnuu aiicr gung into such an elaborate in
vesienton nfthe Constitution and Bill of Rights
other States IN this pDinn, should all at have
stepped, at that precise point, when b. would have
conc in contact WIKI Sat, whose interest and eitll-
alton, IN respect tn population, ilalogous orsi
Norib CAROLINA, S1u;iI Carolina. Georgia, and Ten
nessec, are Ill kept carefully out OF view. They PRO
badly do not deserve cnquryprecisely forsthc very
reason, winch, OF Il. hers, ought recommend ei,
example to U.s. VIZ: couinrmty Of their interests 10
ours, and the claim of those interests to the uaofi
cations III their political ins buttons, which we pro
pose III ours.
Ny next voucher is the Constitution of the United
States Yes, sir the Constitution of the u. S'tstes
And here, pleased the gentleman FROM IIouJoun
speak, Of co:,rse, of the feadeacy of his nata fo
disparage that in~trumep and he erunent men who
recommended it TO the adoption of he American PEG
pie, by holding mp that series of papers which have
SO often heard gentlemen tis floor refer to rs con
taintpg the articles of their political creed II s,1gak
of Tie Eederulist obnoxious to he crijicsRi tina
the arguments n one part of it directly traverse aG
contra dict those used IL another part It cave me
some SURPRISE confess from the known suoacity OF
that gentleman, that he had found solution foI
The apparent contradiction to which he auded that
he h2dnot discovered the by which he at once
would solve Ii cnmpcteiy that he-did rot the aIi-
thors of that work had done, discard from his mind
the influence of one dominant principle and allow the
onaogen principles thor proper place and efict in
coatrollngrit. -.
That would have explained ali he seeming contra
rey. It is worthy OF remark, that in his zeal to
tam his proposition, not merely means, but with
steady gaze toward the end, he added TO the prinGl
pies of the Bill of Rights the doctrine in one of those
papers which regards un:nherS AZ one of the elements
of power, and exungly referred 10 it--and yet the
very work fernnhes-d direct condemnation Of the
he proposes make Of it, that Is, ITO shev shat mum
bers form the sole element Of power
Whist is the character of the government of the u
States? 1t is not alul ard pIonary government for
ailpurpcses; hut 1t is a complete political entity for
Lax poses Oh tilc foreign relations
the u. States and between tire States Of the senac
couederacy to settle their differences 40 members of
that confcderacv 1t is shorn of all power to inter
fare with the municipal regulations OF the States BUT
tits limitation to foreign relations, does change
its classification. It does not cease To be republican
because it refers To external concerns only; vet it is
in effect intended that the same governments il ap-
plied our internal concerns is aristocraitc and OIL
oarchica. Surely tho Dlij alton of tue uses of its
power does not qualify or change the designation of
tho government itself and if governments rcpti!,l
can, when charged with part Of our concerns, it
does not cease to be republican, if charged with the
whole of our concerns as one people
Now, look Of the principles which enter into the
Constitution of that government The Federal Go
ngcnt is government formed by associatiou of
sovereigns; the governments of the several States by
associations ofinfviduals Now, st happens in res
Pect TO States that the principle Of their equality is
not admitted by us only, but by ali Ctrstondom all
civilized people admit equality of States. Whcthe.
their governments be republican nonarehicu-
whether political power be exercised blythe rcorlc IN
person or Nv heir representatives. or by the Atocrnt
upon his throne. none are denied equality among
themselves But the equality Of individuals has not
the same force of authority that is denied by all the
rest Of Chrisondcm. States are tifical entiee-
they political corporations, and with us they arc
associated to form government lust as individual
men would associate forshe same purpose. Their
primitive equality is confessed: none dispute III vet
how are these equals deH with IN the details OF the
Federal Government? Looking, indeed, 80 one ofhc
departments ftba government, find their equal
ty preserved strictly but if we look TO other depart
ments Of it, shall 8d, that other considerations
have s'1pervenad; which political con serations re-
quired to be Weighed and due allowance TO be made
for, in order 30 effect the great crd OF government
VIZ: tho protection Of nil. In othcr departments
these entities treated integral but rs rep
resepting dercHt masses Of population; and power
is allowed tlcm according the pTopartion of those
masses % each other; while in hrd branch Of tho
government. find a compound principle made I'M
Of both combined. The Executive branch is the pro
geDy OF union IF these principles. There is an g
quality Of the p1rics in sense and there is die
ference Of power in another set is no: this Il rcpubll-
can government? VIII the condemnation Loudouu
(1Jr. Merccr) or The gentleman from Brooke, Sir.
Doddrdgc} pronounce their annihcu1a aGa!nst it al
aristncracy, oligarchy? Look at the modifiea-
ton Of tic principle In order to fix the relative al
mcasons Of entities which equal in one sense ono
part Of the population is allowed value according
nnrnhnr md the nlhnr nrcnrH, rnrt ~