Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1829-09-04


ries and Jurisdictions exclusively belonging 70 the sew
ersl States which this Assembly doea declare has not
bscn given to that branch by the constitutional compact
bnTemans 10 each State among its domestic and un.
,henatod powers, exercissbc within itself and by
ioms site authorities alone.
a. This Assembly does further d.avow and declare to
DC most false and uuioupird, the doc,n- that The com
pact, in authorizing its federal branch 10 lay aud collect
taxes. duties. imposs aud excuses pay the debts and
provide Tor tho common defence and general wear. of
The United States. has given them thereby power to
10 whatever they think, pretend would promote
mo genera, welfare, which construction would make
hht, OF tseli, complete government, ,vthou, limitation
oil powcrs but thai hs pl,u sense aud obvou. meaning
was, thar they might levy the taxes necessary to pro
vde Tor tie general waltare by the various acs Of pow
or n-rrin specified and delegated TO them, aud by
others.
Nor is ii admitted es has been SAIL that The peo.
pie OF these States, by investing their federal branch
with all tn means of lettering their condition avo de-
MED to themselves ans which may eirec, that purpose
since in the distribution Of these means they hav. g
ven to that branch those which belong 10 its spart
m-ns, and 20 the States have reserved, separately the
resdu" which belong 10 them separately Aud thus
hy tn. organgaoa of the two branches aken together
have completely secured the first ohec. of human asso
e'aon the fn!l improvement Of their condition. and re-
served 70 themselves all the faculties OF multiplying
their blessings"
The following are the words used by Mr. JeH.reo,
IN nj. letter 10 Mr.. Giles OF the goth December 1926
Give them 'imo for reflection. and experience OF
consequences keep ourselves in a situation TO profit
ny the chapter OF accidents separate from our
companions, only when the sole alternatives left are
Nhe dissolution OF our union with them, submission
mese roo tos oen ice must make choice there
Ce no hesifafIoa; but, in the while. tn. states
should be wa'chtu TO note ovory material usur patton
on their rights; 10 denounce them, they occur the
most peremp.ory terms; to protest against them a.
wrongs TO which pre- Submission shall be con sid.
cred, not as danan,s precedents Of right
out rs temporary yielding 10 tha lesser evil, unit,
their accumulation shall outweigh that of separation
IL should also bs recolleoted that the celebrated Mr.
Everett in one OF the first speeches he made the
q Representatives. expressed his alarms al the very
thoughts of consultations; he declared himself in favor
oil state rights and expressed the opinion that the Gen
eral Governm mt had already assumed too much mower
and that the States ought rather to re-assme power.
from u, than 10 grant more TO the General Govern
'nen': yet Mr. Everett has practically, zsaIously sup
ported ana voted Tor every which tended d.
rec'ly to produce consolidation, and which has been
proposed from the time he those declarations To
the present, In Consequence Of these extraordinary
tergiversaons, Mo. Everett, with all due pisty has
hecn represented having boxed the political
a. will appear from the following from the u
States Telegraph
Evere's clerical professions and habits; far fom
these blessings producing the effect of making him
seada.t in the faith, dcspsng all worldly things, aad
hitting himself up amongst the etherias he seems
have claimed political licence far ou,-s,rppng the
claims OF the poets themselves in the licences unver
sally accorded them, TO afford pleasure the mind by
cheating II with agreeable fictons However, stiff in
nv 'ah hts politics constitute the Of liberin-
ism witness his early mpa ssonei declaration in "a,
'r oil state Rights; calling Tor an extension, rather than
contraction OF thein-whilst in his aetna! policy he
has ever since srenuousy advocated ALL oven the most
preposerous means for introducing the most frightfu
and consolidated despos'n Witness his various ter
gversaions respecting Tariff AMI every thing eI..
AZ his owe pleasure aud convenience. Wness his late
most unhappy choce-Prcsrrng TO DO the blind dow OF.
OIL adheren to corrupt party TO the dgniad reprcsen
tative OF the whole people OF gre nation Indeed il
would afford subject Of curious ection TO the CON
iemP"tiye mind' TO behold the ci-devant clercanow-
political Mr Everett, most Zealousiy boxing the whole
political compass and soemny pledging himself to he
,ruf bg turns TO every sign in the political Zodiac from
the opc OF Cancer TO Capricorn, from Capricorn to
Cancer"
Now, hear Mr.. Adams's notions of State RIGHTS, ex
pressed since his exclusion from office:
Extract from Mr.. adams reply to .Kessrs. &c.
Oils, &c.
My principles do no, adni, the right even of the
people, still less OF the legislator Of any one state in
the Union to secede az pleasure from the Union No
provision u male for the exercise of this right either
by the federal or any Of the state constitutions. The
act Of exercising it, pre- ,upposes departure from the
principles OF compact and resort to tina, OF force.
I'll IN the exercise OF their respective functions the
legislative, executive, ard Judicial authorities OF the
Union on ono side and OF one states on the
other, brought into direct collision with each other
the relations between the parties longer those
constitutional rights but Of independent force. Each
party consirues the common compact for itself. The
constructions rrcconcileabe together There il no
umpire between them. ami the appeal TO the sword
| the ultimate arbiter Of right between Independent,
atate'-bnt not between the members Of body poll
TIC D., therefore, hold il principle without excep-
tion that whenever the constituted authorities of state
authorize resistance any act OF Congress- or pro.
nounee unconstitutional, they do thereby declare
the Union That there is no supposahls case in which
the people Of State might place themselves in this
attitude by the primitive right OF in.urrect ton against
oppression, viii affirm they have deIrgat.
ed no such power TO their Legislatures their judges
and II there b. such right, 1t he right OF an md
yidudl TO commit suiciethc right OF an OF
spopuloua city 10 set fire TO his dweliing house
| These are my views. But 10 those, who think each
state is sovereign judge, only OF its own gL,s
but o. the extent of powers conferred upon the Gene
raj Government by The people of the whole Unon and
that each state giving its own constructions the
siiuiiona powers of Congress, may array its separate
sovereignty against every act oil that body 'ranscenng
tllis estimate OF their powersto Of mrn holding
these prncpss tia for the ton years fro 1870 10 1914
they were intcniing di- solution Of hc Union aid INC
formation OF new cosderAcy, is charging them viii,
nothing more than with acting up their principles
u cannot escape observation, that in this quotation
Mr. Adams excludes the states from all sovereign
ers, aud reduces their subona.ion the General CO.
vernmcnt below that Of the people in their individual
characters. For, Mr. Adams vell knew that
supreme; OF course, that all sovereigns are equal
Ii one corporation be subordinate to anotsr il cannot
be sovereign;or subordnaon preciud-s sovereisnty-
The accusations heretofore made against Mr. Adams
intending put down the State Governments so pr al
isss as TO deprive them OF all sovereign powers and
thus to strip them Of all powers to protect their own
vereign rights anil those OF the people entrusted to their
care, have proved TO he perfectly just aud correct &C
cording 10 Mr. Adams own precious confessions made
IN the foregoing quotation. General La Faycue doubt
iessiy acted under this impression, when he gave Mr.
Ad"RlS his most solemn warning in his reply to Mr..
federave principle, extract from which, forms part
OF the caption Of this number Of Rotrospeeis--Mr
Giles III tho conclusion oil his speech the General Az
sembly, upon the subic cts of tho Of tho Co