Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-09-30

PRESENT CRISIS IN THE CONDITION OF
THE AMERICAN INDIANS.



general who is the Chief Magistrate of the Uni
ted States, and by the distinguished Secretary of
War, who is Vice President of the United States.
On these accounts, well a. from their inherent inn
portance, they are worthy Of particular attention.
THIRD TREATY or WASHINGTON; OR rHuKrErNrn
NATIONAL COMPACT WITH THE cHERokEks
This treaty executed on the same day with
the one next preceding; viz March % 1916, and
signed by George Graham for the United States, and
six Cherokee Chiefs for the Cherokee nation Being
on different subject entirely, ii embodied IN
separate document.
Arr. 1. The boundary between those parts of
the Greek and Cherokee nations, which were ives; of
the Coosa river, Is agreed uron The United States
having obtained, by treaty, the Greek lands west OF
the Coosa and contiguous to the Chcrokecs, IL he
came necessary to ascertain and establish the true
boundary between these nations. In the body Ot the
article II Is s1d that IN the treaty OF January, 1906
(already described as the tenth compact 1.-The United
States have recognised claim on the part OF the
Cherokee nation to the lands south Of the Big Bend,
&C."
An. ,. 1T is expressly agreed, on The Part OF
the Cherokee nation that the United States shall have
the right to lay off, open, and have the free use OF,
such road. roads" shall be needed 20 open
communication through the Cherokee country north
Of the boundary fixed. The United States free
to navigate all the rivers and waters Within the
J Cherokee nation"
Z Arr. s. In order to preclude any dispute here
after, relative to the boundary line now established
is hereby agreed, that the Cherokee nation suH APP
point t,'o Commissioners TO accompany the conims
soncrS, already appointed on the pare Of the United
States. TO run the boundary e.
! ART. (. In order to avoid delay hereafter. when
tho President of the United States shall wish open
road, under the grant of the second article OF.
this treaty, "thc principal chefof the Cherokee
ton shall appoint one commissioner 10 accompany the
commissioners appointedby the Presidcnt to lay off
, the road.
! Arr. D. The United States agree 70 pay S25,jO0
70 individuals of the Cherokee nation an indem-
NIFTY for losses sustained by them nom the march Of
| the UnitedStateS troops "tbg0ugh nI1t nation"
The treaty was duly ratified BY President Madison
and the Senate.
very few remarks on his document viii be sui.
fcient.
The first article SAYS, that the Cncd States in
treaty maze ten years before, recognized c'tin or
the Cherokee nation 20 land south of the Big Bend of
; the Tennessee What claim Doubtless such claim
as the Cherukecs made. But thCy never made any
partial limited, qualified clam 20 their lands They
never set UP title tenants for the lives Of the
listing generation or tenants FOR years tenants at
| Will They simply, and always claimed the land as
their oIon, and this claim the United States must have
! recognized, if they recognized any claim at all.
The fact was, that the article here retired TO, rs
containing recognition OF the Cherokee claim was
the by which tho United States engaged TO nrc-
vail on he Chckasaws to agree upon certain boun-
! Diary between thcm and the Chcrokees. Thus, the
friendly attempt 10 fix boundary between these two
Indian nations was Justly construed, in treaty
years Afterwards 10 be recognition IF The claims Of
those nations TO The lands each side oTtte 6oundly
BY article second It is agreed on The part of the
Cherokee nation, that the United States shall haze
the right to lay OF roads, in certain part Of the ma
ton, and in prescribed manner OF course il must
be inferred, that the United States had this before
that the assent of the Cherokee nation was
TO invest the United States with the right; and that
must. even when expressly granted. I've exercised in
the manner, which the treaty prescribed This arti-
Gle speaks, also, of rivers and waters ciihin The
Cherokee nation; and stip1ates, that the citizens az
the United States may freely navigate these waters
On looking a. the map Of the Cherokee country, {
then existed. the reader will iud that beside the Hi
wassee, the CostanaWla the Coosa and many smaller
streams, that noble river, the Tenuessee. took
sweep Of more than so miles through the Cherokee
nation. There was good wish for the pri-
vlege OF navigating these waters but how absurd to
resort to The treaynaking power for the purpose of
obtaining It, If the country really belonged TO Geor
gia and the neighborng States.
BY articles Sd and 18th, il appears, that the Chero
Zee nation had government which the United
States acknowledged, being always in existence
aud always competent to any national bust
ness.
TREATY or THE cHrcKAsAw coCNcIr HOUSE: OR
FOURTEENTH COMPACT WITH THE CHERoKEEs
! This document vas signed o. the l,h Of Sepiem-
Der, 1916. The tl.e is important and must cite il
at length.
ITO perpetuatn peace md friendship between the
United States and the Cherokee trba or nation OF In
dams, and to ali future causes of dIsscnti,n
which may arise from indefinite territorial boundaries
the President OF the United Stntcs OF America nv
! Major General Andrew Jackson, General David Mef-
PlenipoteDtary on the part, and the Cherokee
Delegates OH the other, covenant and agree to the
following articles and conditions, which, when appro-
we'd by the Cherokee nation, and constitntionaliy
ratified by the Government Of the United States
shall be binding on all parties"
1t is always 10 be presumed, that the President oj
the I. States will give fair and natural constr,Ic
ton to oil public engagements made by the proper
authority. There are special reasons why the pre-
sent incumbent ottha high Office should respect the
document j am now considering, and a similar one
which was executed the following year.
Inc reasons for the treaty, assigned in the title
boTc quoted, are good and sufficient reasons and such
as commend themselves TO every mans heart and con
science TO PerPef'"ae peace and friendship" be-
tween neghbOrng communities is q benevolent work
the importance OF which much depends on the dura,
bty ofthe relation, TO which such phraseolopv il an
Piled; and ~ remove oil future causes Of dssenion
which may arise from 'iadefnle tcryitoriaE boy,dr
ysS," is work scarcely less benevolent than tbe 9th
or. This il the very language, which would be used
on similar subject, by Russia and Prussia or oIy two
contiguous nations " Europe.