davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
TRUST SALE


I virtue Of a deed oftrust executed to the sinh.
~ scrlbeTs by Jefferson T.. Trice, BEARING date tho
3lst January, 1898, and of record in tie Office of the
c.erk OF iienTico county court, we shall, for pnrpo-
ses IN said deed mentioned, offer for sale ut vnbjIc
auction, at the residence of said Tricc. ON Tuesdav
the Goth instant, al the household and Kitchen ftr.
niture belonging to said 1'ricc. n schedule of which
Is annexed to the decd-alsO three likely ncoroes. ~
wi: Lenetta, Aggy and Henry.
IermS.-SIx months credit for Sums above $50
payments being satisfactorily secured; for all SUMS
under that, cash will be required.
JOHN GARTH. & .Trus-
aug S-wtt eost JOSIAH LEAKE, Jr. { tees.
"A DMINI$TRATKIX'S SALE.-HMB he sold to Tie
q highest bidder, On Wednesday, the 26l day of tfSs mpntb,
d TAR, otherwise the FIRST fair day thereafter. Al ,le lar 49,,
1snGe OF fatmck CloPnn, deceased, known as Fosters Rome.
negroes, consisting of men, women and children. the Ia,,syr
mostly boys; one Young horse, saddle and bride. n. In,S,
some mich cows and other cattle, and oue Main silvsr -,
together with I'll the household and kitchen furniture Of The
"a bo5s - &C.. - ~ tauhe ana tea spoons, tea
ar neos ano furniture a mahogany china press, sc. Indcrd
consisting of the usual variety,-soine farming utensils no
months credit viii he allowed ON the other properly for al
sums over ten dollars Bonds with approved ~ y, M Iii T..
roi"a 6 Sale to commence al u o'clock
Administrators of The estate OF Tsi,1rk
" tlopton, deed, having advertised TO sell, on Wednesiav.
inc Zoih INST fourteen slaves belonging 10 the SAID estate, | DO
hereby notify al whom n may concern, that the sa Patrrk
Clopton did, on tie ninth day OF May, 1876, convey 20 me n,
trust for the purpose Of securing tie payment Of a debt doe
Henderson,, Bob, Caudis, and Amy And tie aid Ctott n
having, after the execution Of the said deed IN tru Z so,dt~o
OF the said slaves, namely, Garland and Amy, Fe. the aid Clop.
ton, did, on the 18th dav of March, 1929, 6y writing. under hrs.
hand aud seal, authorize and empower me, rs trustee aforesaid.
- v;,t ~" Nv n'nloS OF Two other slaves, namely, Ddndridgo
ana wilson, ~ the place OF The two SOD by him. 10 therefore
give notice, that shall, a. trustee afDre said. nhiert n The 60
OF we SAID slaves Dmgo, Henderson, Bob, Caud,s, Daudndge,
anu usou' az the sale as advertised 10y the Adm'x, unless She
consents that tire purchase money shall be Maid IN me as ,,,.,cr
or TO Thomas Tuner, for whose benefit they were conveyed
w WILLIAM RICHARDSON.
Wv - 4ffmW
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

buNfNblhG u. ~, Aug ISL, 1893.
"Ip uord frt GuiuUS muiat1s deere forums coyVora."-Ovn.
AMERICAN OR TRANSLATED MUSIC.
A PATENT has been issued fr an improved Notation in
~ Muse, which differs from the present, by substituting
letters themselves, for the dots and characters now IN use
Scmi.brcve aud Nlnim notes 10 be designated by y capital type
OF letter of the size Of these notes, as now used. The Crochet,
Quaver, Semi QuavcI, AMI Dcmtsmi quavor notes, by a capital
letter OF a less sire. Appogiaturas, small notes, &c by the
common or Ialc type OF letter.
by this system of notation, the lines, and spaces VIII moi have
10 be committed TO memory ~ aH,-tho notes being known az
sight the teacher merely instructng his pupil w The position Of
the keys ~ the instrument, &c. &c Every septonary Of the
keys can be marked with letters, alternately, Of any two ooors,
say commencing az the middle & ofthe instrument aud marking
TO the right and Left.
0D- All persons arc hereby warned against infringing tie
Patent, as the law will be Vigorously enforced against az infac.
tFs. t3-sO w. {. FHiLfipy.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
9Th Julv.

ItvERrooL, 9th July.
The demand Tor Cotton last week was less active than dnrio.
the preceding; 1900 bales of all descriptions having found
buyers, viz; 30 s. Island at li add, co Stained 6 a6id. 4GsI
CPlands 81 a Gid, ll70 Orleans 81 a 7ld. ilIO Alabama 81 a
Cid, 3l60 Brazil 6 a lad, 80 w. India "A a I'D, $50 Egyptian
"A a 8ld, 10 r. India 3 add. Total u. OO0.
In some instances prices were accepted for the inferior quail
ties of American, which would not previously have been taken.
while the better sorts were held al full rates; bot consumers
manifested less inclination TO purchase, while holders appeared
disposed To sell more freely Especially inferior quaiiiiesl thaa
some time past Sea Islands were IN request, aud the sales
made weIr at prices corresponding with ihos. OF the public saIe
oi the 10Th ut The import of tie week was l., lI3 bales. Of
winch Sl6O were from the l. ). On Saturday, 4tl inst. about
2DOo bales were sold, and Yesterday. with the day previous,
about 3OOD tie market rs quiet, and Il Is evident that t. make
sales to any extent, some reduction in prices must he submitted
To; this is chiefly nv ing to the heavy imports which fs huI days
1" be a good export demand Tor Vans at ManchcsirI, but no
Change III trade generally.
Ia the Gram market there has been more ACTIVITY, with some
inIrov efnent IN prices OF wheat; several parcels have been
brought upon the market, but we have heard Of no sales as yet.
Flour, duty paid, bbl. 35 a 36s; Indian Corn per or. - a 3is
The operations in Tobacco are trtfns, and tie market fat;
va leai2 a Sad, siemined 81 a SD, Ny. leaf2i add, slernmed
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
NEW LOTTERY OFFICK.

IENOM most respectfully iufomas his henJg
u and the public generally, thathe viii opeu On
THIS D.4Y.
a Lottery Once IN thr tcneucu, ,on Main ST. neat sbovo
Niessrs. hah a. Moorc's dry good lrre, AMI the third ieiow
GOD Coraey, where he hopes t0~have the pleasure Of disui.
buting many Of the
CAPITAL PRIZES,
and viii at all times be prgared 10 pay tie same a. sight
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

DIED, at the Bollona Arsenal, MARY AUGUSTA,
daughter Of Dr. Thos. J. 9. Monroe, AFTER a few
days' illness.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
STOCK ar 4TCTTON

WILL be sold ON Tuesday next. at the Cofr.e
House, 10 Shares of Stock of the Bank of Viz
gina, and 10 Shares of Stock of the Farmers Ban
9t virginia, belonging To the estate Of the late I'd.
ililon, and sold by order of his executors. for ca,h.
Saie at IL clock. JAS. IL. LYNCH.
aug 81
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

G5'The Post Office in Essex County virginia
heretofore known by the name of Fiuley's. has heen
changed, and will in future, be callcO Mill-r's 1av-
crn. Newspaper Editors, and others, directing TO
this Office, will please notice this change.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

Among tho recent arrivals "A Niagara, arc mentioned an
TegHsh gentleman, hf LADY and child, VIM s,ren servants aHd
nine dpCs,
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
MANAGERs, OrrrCE-

DEL.4W.4RE s SOUTH CaROLLV9' No. IL
TO be drawn THIS DAY.
l prize Of $1,000 / prize OF Sl,43O
2 DO 1000 . do 4O0
; do ESQ 10 do 100
60 do 100 Besides many others.
Whole tickets 81. Quarters 30 cts.
Call at the Managers Office under the Eagle.
aug - YATES g. MINTYRE.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
THE PRESIDENT.

~ Correspondent of the ". 3. Gazette, in a letter
dated Washington, Aug. o. says
"Genetal Jackson had been much inGisposed. On
"Wednesday night, the physicians were in attendance
a inost the whole night, engaged in cupping him. /
think there Is much apprehension among some Of the
promlnent members of the administr alton, lest. in one
OF these paroxysms, the disorder should bafle the skill
OF the healing physicians; and in that case there would
probably be moro Nortonizingt than we have ever vet
Witnessed"
We have, of late. opened our Southern Mail. with
trembling apprehension for the health, aud even the
life of Gen. Jackson; aud, though the violence of his
disorder has abatcd. we still contemplate the probabi-
hiy OF its renewal. Gen. Jackson, when we last
him, was, evidently, very infrm. Ills health has
been declining very slowly, but manifcstly, Tor thir-
teen years. lie Is now. according to the most credi-
bic accounts, sixty four years old. lie has already
his three warnings" -lamencss, blindness
aud deafness. Though possessed. by nature, with an
IRON constitution. he has been exposed TO much hard
ship privation and anxiety; 10 the influence of passion;
and to The effect OF irregularity in mode OF his life. He
mas moreover, changed the pure air of the West for
the oppressive heat of Washington; ana the pursuits
at war and agriculture for the sedeniary habits ofthe
These circumstances, taken in connection
with his recent illness, warrant our fears. We make
use OF no hyperbole when we say that we should re-
greet his demise or the prostrotiou OF lis health at this
luncture, more than we did his election 10 The Presi-
dency. In either of these events. the country would
have much TO fear from the rockless ambition vf the
prominent mcmbers oil the dominant party.
Boston Pal.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
BY OTIS. DUNLOP & co.
SHOES

On MONDAY. the eth instant. n. ~ oe,..l-S
will be sold at our auction store,
100 Packages shoes, fresh from the manufactures
aug ~ o ID. Il Co. Aucts
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

And the sharks prey; the spendIhrft, and the lcech
That sucks him: there the s%ycophant and Inc
Who with barcheaded and obsequious bows,
Bees a warm office, doom'd to a cold idl
And Cnoat per diem, ii his patron fruwn.
The levee swanns, as ii in golden ponp
Were charactcTd on every statesman's door.
'BGterd ana bankrupt Jorttases meHGcd here"
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
ny DAVENPORT, ALLEN ~ co.

BX DAVENPORT, ALLEN 81 co.
GROCERIES SIC.
On THURSDAY eOih inst. at 10 O'Clock, will DO
at our Auction Store, the following articles:
10 Uhds molassas
r"tiguu run
. DO n. Orleans rum ~
10. 20 X. Z. do
> bbls gin
, casks Sicily MADEIRA wine
. half chests gunpowder tea
30 bags coffee
10 bbis winter lamp oil.
50 boxes brown soap
10 do white do
so do cheese, new
10 do tAllow candies
10 do sIprm do
100 reams writing and wrapping paper
10 bales cotton yarns, assorted numbers
White lead, brown and black paints, shot, g..
els ID. \. 81 CO. Aucts
~ The above sale is n%nslroneh III SATURDAY rcvt.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
ComInIerrtaI Reror0.

DATE OF LATEST EUROPEAN ADyIcEs.
From Liverpool, July o
Amount Of Produce aud number Of Boas passed do.cn
through Ue Loper Locks.
AUGusr 19.-lI9 hhds. tobacco, HID stems. 7
boxes manufactured tobacco, 462 bar. flour. 9O7 bus.
wheat, AGO billets, II bas. feathers. o ton sand, 81
boats, 8 coal boats. iOO6 bus. coal.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

IoNnnS, July The accounts fnm the coun.:y throughout,
cure pond, as To the general improvement in lie crops. and
the dull state of tie markets.
Liverpool letters of July 7th, say, that no material change
had taken place IN the Cotton market after the close of the
previous week. A letter from a very respectable house says
the decline OF the past week on some descriptions was sh.
'This week So far II adds, "the business done has been very
limited, tho arrivals are large and the market feels heavy, and
we shall not be surprised if some further iriGing decline takes
place before the demand becomes active again, nothing new in
before. Rice continues steady. Eurpeutine meets with buyers,
hut the prices are with difficulty maintained. Tar has been
sold at los Sd"
"flouri is scarcely inquired for and good New York may be
had now so low as 35s, and even less would probably be taken
If OneTed for a quantity. For Flour in Bond 59s would be taken.
The last weeks average was 69s 4d. making the aggregate
7ls sd. The duty may remain al los Sd for another week, bu,
after that II will Titc materially"
Pot Ashes BIS sd a BIS, and Pearl Bis Cd a 33s 81, scarcely
any Emitted States in market. Best Turpentine is not Noth
over los Sd. Rice, les Sd a les aud 40 Com
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
From The London Price CuTTenf ~ JHLy 7

TTVW Ue LOHdON 4 FItt CUTTrUf az JuIv T.
Coiton--There has been rather more demand during the mas,
week and a fair quantity has been sold at very steady prices
tobacco The only sale reported is 10 TO 60 hhdD good rich
black Virginia al ~: there continues 10 he small salss 10 The
trade.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

The Virginia Free Press introduces, most happily. the follow
ing quotation from CowPER, and applies the lines io the sctau,
hers for office at Masnnglon:
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

III VIIuT " Inc ThItdtIplla AUTOra, states mat Considerl-
bic care aud activity - exercised by individuals IN that city
having Old "quaner dollars" on hand, To get rid OF tIe,i as fast
as possible, under the belief that their nominal will be brought
down to their actual value There is a runor abroad. that the
butchers and s~hopkeePers are abnu; to agree not TO take the said
quarters Tor more than twenty cents.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

Darlington city Lottery No. Is:
~, 30, %, 50, 81, Sc, 81, 40, 40.
aug&( YATES e. INTYR RI.
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22
s. H3tGKINS' OFFICE.
GRAND CONSOLIDATED, Nc. 16.
70 Lc drQirn 2QH .1urysE.

ticsets s., halves ? 90, quarters 1 q.
" Orders (post paid enclosing tho cash. " = De
promptly attended TO, IL Greeted 10
shg ., $. HAwKINs
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

Domestic Uins.--The wine growers, (who arc
nnmerous) and friends of the grape, in York county,
Pa. have formed an associations, the object ef which
Is tn encourage the culture of the grape, and i'm
proveinent IN the quality OF the Wine, by suitable
premiums for the best samples produced at their an
.nual meetings. The second annual Wine Convcn.
ton as ii is termed was held OH the LIST inst. at the
Vine Yard of Mr.. Opp, adjoining the borough.
Wines from many of the vine yards of the county,
and from various kinds of grapes were produced on
the occasion. and the premium for the best sample of
domestic wine was awarded to Mr.. Charles Mes.
4" Those who were present at the exhibitions, Gays the
Recorder, exp:,ss themselves decidedly well pleased
with the progress made in the culture of The grape and
the promise thus given. that vine will be speedily and
permanently added to the staple products of our
country"
Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-08-22

DATE OF LAGEsr EURorEAN ADVICE
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-10-08
Ih CoumcN-October 6, 1920.

The gnation of James Carson, az Superintendent
Of Police, w,s received and accepted BY the Council
Lrdsred that Messrs. Miller Stafford. Gardner, aud
tndrr. ON, he Committee to take into consideration
tn subject Of the superintendent IF Police, and re
port To he next meeting Of the Council the proprety
of transferring the duties of the Superintendent of 20
lice to other Officer Of the Corporation for the
main!er Of the year
Ordered That the Auditor call on A. Newton for a
list OF uncolected that remained in his hands, and
report the same to the next meeting of the Council
rhe account of Samuel Smith referred to Hessrs
Snyder, IIough, and Vaudeville.
Leave was granted Mr. Vaudeville to briug iu bill
entitled An act for appointing Superintendent, Mea-
of Corn, Salt, and Coal and to regulate h
surement thereof" which read and laid on the Ia
BILE.
In consequence Of the resolution heretofore passed
by the Common Council, calling up'n the President
and Directors of the Nj idle Turnpike Company for
information in relation the expenditures and affairs
Of the Company, the President Of that Company ap.
pared in Council, and gave a deteed report and
statements all the point, suggested: wherrupon it
unanimously
Resoired, That the report Of the President of the
Middle turnpike Company, respecting the cost and
condition Of said Road, is entirely satisfactory to this
Council.
The Committee to whom referred the commu.i-
cation OF the Superne nde of Police Of the Bib June,
mad a report; Inch read and aid "u the table
petition Lom John ] 10, was c, ived read
and laid on the table
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-10-08
DIED.

o" Tuesday evening, of pulmonary consumption.
Mr. JOB! MUNCAsTER. a most respectable and
highly esteemed citizen of the town. His friends and
acquaintances are respectfully invited attend hrs FL.
neral from his late residence on water.street this a
ternoon, at O'Clock.
1t becomes our duty, and melancholy one il 10, to
announce the death Of Major JOIN MuHcA srER, aged
So years. native Of Charles county, Nd but for the
greater part of his life resident Of this town To
weave chsplet around the memory Of those who are
no longer "of u.s." is n which has become as
unpopular as it is common, but those who were not
strangers to the worth of the deceased cannot be dis.
pleased at seeing this small. last, sad tribute from one
who kne " him we'll
Mr. Muncaster. during his long residence here, sue.
ceeded, by conduct as chrstan.like was urbane
in securing to hims II the affections Of friends &C.
quaint,nces, aud his town>men generally Ills course
throughout life. though checquered by misf,rtunes
such as is Characteristic Of truly upr gh man;
and when the piercing blasts Of affection howed fright.
fully around him, and the angry of adversely lash.
ed hard against his heart he enabled to buffet with
the torrent, for he buo, ed BY the consciousness
of his own rectitude He has left behind him, to b.
wall their loss distressed widow, and di>cons ate
children: but the shrek Of ismenston should he hush
ed and the tears of dried away BY the sunshine
reArction that he died Gin peace with G"d with good
will to all men," e..
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-10-08

We gave yesterday the result Of the great
race on the Long Island course between the
Nor,hern AID Southern colts. Our sporting
friends viii like 10 see fuller account which
We s,,, Gom he New York American. Vir-
s;ara houeh beaten, still comes off with honor.
rHE M,rcH RACE was run nn Saturday, AID
slN b. he Northern fifty, owned by Mr. See
,ras. TIE bet was made on blood, before erhrr
al nal WIS f,alrd, and so far as tbs match
e 5. it establishes the superiority OF Tue
{ Gpse stock
lie day was very fine, and The course was,
up. h whole, well attended. Both aEimai'
Se,s black or dark brown, without any wh''e
app, ar,d in fac or!er--and, when strip
pri T. be siddled, cDin rs seemed much divi>
led Is 10 the points Vt SUPERIORITY OF each -
Betting WIS qusl, generally, h ugh upon the
E'olr, the So, ern horse was the favnri,e, and
odd wers oft ed upnn him ny some sangnine
bakers hat would no, be denied.
The appointed hour the horses went IN
At DE ,sp--a fine srart tn hiy having the
poI-,, which, however he morse roaming ahead
TOOK from her IN the FIST qn,rter ot a mile -
| aGl every now AMI h n dashed a by re hliy,
'ao was hard in h4nd; and tnos IL convinced
eHll the las qssr'er of the second mile, when
Sehlly was let gu, aud whipued-rhe horse
Ems under the whip too-un'd she passed a.
Aesd aud came ru' winner by abou, two eng'bs
shout from the Long Islanders 'es'ihed their
~aSh' at this rtsul. L. was, however. no great
auOf speed--,hs time being = min 8 src.-
Mer the usual in'erval they were again
'Nash' up, the odds being freely Offered IN Ia
,of VI me Felipe lily. Afer three or Tour
ave s'arIs which worried The mare good
'eL while .heVirginia horse, esther hom good
,'@lng or bette temper took 1t very quietly,
'es finally 20, off we'll toge h'r, and upon M
Wlumn, and for the FIRST mile the running
rs beautiful, hut il was too muc f,,r the horse,
no, b'torr hs hid gone hall round the second
me was done over. The bottom OF the L
ap'e stock old the more SO bat the course
as Feavy in places, and the lily came in, win
ing EASILY, in m $50 sec. A general cheer
as lot "old Eclipse" accompanied the pro-
''eSs Of The wlpner. The race was more in-
sling one than is generally to be anticipated
'h matches made under such circumstances,
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-10-08
George y. A"ugh
Has receired considerable part cfhis FALL SHPPLPcf
DRY GOODS,

XlTHICH have been selected yith great care both as
w to prices and quality. Among them are cloths
cassmeres and sattnets; pon: and rose blankets; me
r;no long. and square shawls; 1hibet and Cashmere
do. variety of fancy hdkfs; French. English and
Swiss me,in6 cloths; Circss.sns and bombazetts blk
barsgc, black palmarine. black satin Levantine and
mode; Italian lustrings. eros de Maps and t'ros ae
indies: silk and wor,ted hose; plaid caTbes and tar
rams. silk stocks; figured and pain book musns; rat
tne,s, bangup Cords Hsnnelsi domestic and imported
carpetngS tckings; with general assortment OF DO
mes,cs; fur caps; wooilen stockings, coored
csmbrics furniture chin'zi and IN short, arg
and very assortment If almost every fancy and
staple article of by Goods.
10Th mo S-d3teoSt
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-10-08
KanA for Sale.

DY virtue of deed Of trust executed to the subscri-
ID ber on the 25tl day Of May, 1897, by John thz.
hugh. and Narn, his wife, and now Of record in the
Clrrk> Office Of Fairfax, shall cr for SALE for cash,
before the front door Of the Cur House Of Fairfax
County, on the 1911 day of Oclobe, aeri being the
first day Of the Court TOR ,sti cOuT,,
ia A T!.ACT OF LAND
tTss situated partly IN Fairfax a"d i.oudoun eoun-
"TS tes. containing 800 acres, being the land
.ssNss commonly known rs LiChSON'S LOT up
which Eleanor Cooksey formerly resd4d, and form
ing part Of the tract upon which the said Joho
+ !ziugh resides.
As the subscriber sells Trustee, other title will
be passed b, him than that conveyed in The deed. No
doubt, however. is entertained as TO ihr tile
sept u tl9rir'ct TYl FIR
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-10-08

A commune a,ion in the Telegraph, on he
,ubiec, Of the recent removals in this 'own,
b,,ealled for h the remarks which will be found
in another column, from correspondent. We
b,,- no Opposition, and DO not Intend, our
,,k $, TO press the subject any farther The
non, Of reply, however, 10 the observations IN
the Telegraph, must be granted; aud our cor
respond nj, in wha, he says, acts Iesitimateiy on
lie def nsive.