Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1829-12-15

10 check restrain aud balance both. This resulting
'oce IL government, which, when deriving its power
from both capital and Labor will receive the support
of both
But how is such government 10 be constructed, Ger
sinly not in the mode he venerable NAM
Fiber from Loudoun that which he prefrrs lis uan
Ia, to divide the Legislative Department .irio Two
branches, both TO be cbo-eu BY the came Elscors 10
allow numbers, thar il To labor .xrluswelv rer,s
sentaion in the nuinsrous branch which IL 10 be-
elected Annually, and 10 capital aud numbers con bi,.J
representation in the other branch, which is 10 be elect
ed quafrennaliy; ard 80 to cheek ami bssnee thes.
opposing forces Now, sir. is /, not obvious at once
that two bodss each deriving their authority rom tbs
same common source, can never cheek each obe,:
but that DO must obey the direction given to ether
by the power from which they both ptoceedl Does
not our own experience too, inform u.s. that Senate
consisting OF "a members, sitting stairs.
restrain the power of House oil Delegates consisting
OF i2O members, sitting. The Senate may some.
time. prevent the hssty and incorrect legislation OF the
House oil Delegates; they may dot The ia or cross HE
rs Incorrect The 0rthogrophy in bills which have pass
ed The House, (itt be allowable TO suppose thai any
member OF that body may not know how to spell) but
IL never has and never eau any deliberate mea-
sure which the House 10 disposed 10 persist in. The
reason Of bisis very obviou,The Senate l. oecc Tor
four years iD the large divisions OF territory, while
the Delegates are elected annually, by the smaller
subdivisions Of these large Distrcts-The Delegates
therefore understand and represent more truly the
opinions OF their commsn constituents than the Sens
tors; and whensoever division of opinion exist re-.
tween them, the Delegates must therefore prevail
20 not know the fact, but think hazard nothing in
saying, that the case has occurred. in which
delegates
sentng the different counties OF his district, upon any
matter of much Importance, has bsen re elected
What security then can property find in such body
Ia Senate, against the attack of numbers represented
exclusvey in the other House
But suppose, 30 avoid result . obvious as have
stated, the plan should be somewhat changed, and a
higher property qualic alton should be required of the
electors OF the Senate than Of the electors of the Dele
gates, the would not be changed materially-The
gentleman from Brooke would Immediately proclaim
this little body 10 be band OF oiigarchsother. woud
he fan
TO- denounce it as the rotten partof the government
which ought TO be put down. With this cry Of mad
dog uttered ssainst it, the Senate would be seat !or,h
10 The people object ofiheir scon and hatred and
could furnish liz protection to rights, for The security
oil which such an anomalous Institution FIRST de-
T signed
In every society, there viii always sc found iniivi
duaS, who, from the fondness of noorirty and
popularity viii often times neglect their Interests
and who may therefore he expected 10 disregard the
interests Of their constituents Such was the Duke of
Orleans formerly in France: and 10 the conflicts be-
tween persons and property. which mus, take place
in every election OF Senator'S, upon this basis of num-
bers and property combined, the result, must he mat
numbers viii certainly select the first Mons'r Esal,e
who presents bihseli as the pro.ssed qua dian OF the
rgats OF propery-ln such society asthat which now
exiss, and hope will exist in Virginia il evers
separate representation is allowed to persons and 70
property ever they are SO arrayed against each other
by government or in government, we may talk az we
please about checks and balances but il is deuson to
believe that the smaller stop the progress OF
The greater power. An Almighty hand may pari Di-
and Lazarus by an impossible gnlps, but the tites-
, man, who expects TO keep them asundsr, deceives
It himself; the struggle forpower viii and mnst bring
them together again. and sltho Dives NAV remaia in
the place assigned 10 him. Lazarus csnnoif you wish
10 both persons and property. you must moi add
fuel 10 the flame which their natural collisions will all
ways kindle OF dividing them in action snv
: where, you must resolve and Combine their forces
every here-Your efsrt should be by mingng then
10 render impossible TO distinguish the voice Of the
one from that oil the c,tar and not TO arrange them so
s that each should be separately hoard aud understood
You can only accomplish this object by pursuing the
example oil our ancestors, by arranging ion
neither upon the basis Of the other hut non Ina
basis OF Interests, comprehsndng both within the lin
Its OF some certain territory, delneaed by convenience
Let me Illustrate this in anoher way The capital
and lsbour OF every country must be employed i'm the
pursuits OF either agriculture, commerce mansfac-
lures Here, then,are three great interests existing in
every community, all Of which so useful and inn
porisnt 20 lis prosperity that each ought 10 be repre-
sentsd 10 the end that each may be preserved and pro
noted, Nov, from wat cause do these various and
distinct nierss proceed? lite FROM local circurn SIAN
ces merely; from the peculiar situation Of The snot
where they exist BY allowing representation to ter
riiory therefore you will in effect give representation
to the particular interest which nhabi's ID, The
transalie ghsnY people expect hecone coInmer
ci,! The thing is impossible They nav cut canals
wherever they live, and cali their hoatmsn sailors il
they please bnl God and nature have deere d that cnrn
Q rnerce shall never find home there. Il ni,id abide
: upon n,vigsbIe waters, made so not by mar hut by
4 Him who made man The interests Of commerce
therefore can never be- Represented by those no rep5
resent that section Of the country Do the poodle or
The aIuval plain. wstered by the tide des,i,u,e
as II is of every mineral production AMI without wa
ter-ta OF single foot, expect TO become manufaetur
ers' Such expectation would bs equally idle on their
parts and the mi die region of the State must yer con-
. tain what il does, the great agricultural interest," of
the Commonwealth. Each Of these great interests ought
TO be repTrrened and The proportions of their repre-
sen,aton will always be found well measured by the
capital and labor employed IN each and these gain bv
the total population contained within the fespedti tar
fiories whereas they exist.
Again, If yon will examine The territories of Virginia
, wherein the Efsd agricultural interests found
mean on this side 9th, mountain, (or my Typographical
knowiedg. Of usmoutsne region doe. enable me
sneak Of that you viii discover that fixing the line
Of North Carolina base, the Blue Ridge a. one of
Its sides, and point the county Of Culpeper.
80 its apex, line drawn from thence tbs termination
Of ith8 Underwater region, will form great Triangle.
within which eholding tobacco planting interest
preGominates. From the termination OF the base OF the
hrs triangle, the North Carolina line 20 very the
Atlantic, furnishes bs base OF a second Triangle
whose apex IL on the Potomac, anil within which is to
be found ve-holAng co,ton. planting interest The
residue Of this lower country will comprehe nd the
grain growing iRerestnow all these threo great in.
teress, although agricultural usvsttheles as die
tinct from each other are those OF agriculture, com
merce and manufacturers and Ike the latter each Of
the former in ess proceeds from local circumstances
easily 10 be a,certsined and circumscrbed by we.de
6ned geographical lines. But this /, not all The Ter
ritory occupied by each Of these three ereat 40.
fieutura interests, will b. found n.rsected in all d.
rectons by wide waller courses, cutting oH& preventing
ai intercourse and association between those who NAV
chance % dwell on their oppoJs sides Convenience
Iwil ihereore require that in allowing representatives
10 each Of these great agricultural interests regard
should be had 10 lhese local circumstances, to the end
that the responsibility OF the representative may he
cured. Having fixed Representation upon such hass
A in nd In III