Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1829-06-16

outuing SKIN oil their artisans aud the cheap
ness OF their manufacture, in the number of their
seamen and their hardy and enterprising charac.
ter, formed by exposure in every branch Of sea
fnring LIE, by adventures on every ocean, and in
vigorated By liberal, cheerful and fearless COM
petition with foreign powers. -
Both of the principles which have been l;s-
cussing are provided for, though somewhat more
10 detail in the second third fourth and nth ar
tcies of the beiore- entoned treaty with the Fee
Iteration OF The Centre of, America They may
serve as models Tor those which you are now au-
thorzed to propose; and you will consider your
selves empowered to agree to articles similar with
ell the othsrs OF that treaty, acopy of which ac-
companies this letter. - q
itisspossib!e that you may not end the Minis
ters o; the other American States prepared to n
gree to the second principle; that they may be un
willing to subscribe 10 il in the extent now pro-
posed they may not be ready to allow. at the same
rate OF duties, reciprocal liberty Of expectation
and importation, without rest riction to he place
of origin Of the cargo, ownership, or destination OF
the vessel--You will not abandon the effort TO
ahlish that principle in its widest scope, until you
have exhausted every means OF argument and per-
suasion and become perfectly satisfied that its a.
| doption is wholly npracticabie II you find their
opposition TO it unyieidng, you will then propose
modification OF the principle so as 10 make il, at
least, comprehend the predictions and nanufac-
| lures OF all the American nations, including the
West India Islands When so limited, il will still
have great practical benefit; all vessels orthc Sc
veral American powers will enjoy underit recip-
roca liberty of exploration and importation Of what
| ever OF American productions and manufactures,
comprehending the produce OF the sea, is allowed,
by the separate laws of each, at The came standard
of duties for the vessel and her cargo. 1.-THE
soniag be correct in support OF the principle in its
greatest latitude, il will OF course sustain il in this
| more restricted operation. To which may be add
ed, strong consideration in favor of its embrace
ing, at least, the American States, that there is
great similarity in the produce Of various parts of
them. and consequently great difficulty in trac
| ing articles, having common character and strik
ing resemblance, to the countries of their respec-
tive origin, and subecting them to different rates
OF duty, as they happen to be imported in different
vessels or blended together in the same vessel
IF you find the principle still objected to with
that modification, you will lastly propose il with
the still greater restriction Of only furnishing the
rule which shall be observed between agy two OF
| the American nations who may agree to il, in
gard to their mutual navigation, when employed
in transporting their respective produce aud man.
| uiactures. Under this form, it was proposed by
the United States, on the Sd March, 1927, (see 4th
vol Of the Laws, page 82i TO all nations. On the
! Sd Of July, Of the same year, il was engrafed on
the Convention with Great Britain (see 9th vol. of
theLaws,page 603). Subsequen,ly,it was applied to
the Netherlands, the imperial Hanseatic cities of
Hamburg, Lubbock and bremen, the Dukedom of
Oldenburg, Norway, Sardinia, and Russia (see
Acts lst Session, 18th Congress, page ~. 1t was
also embraced in our treaty with Sweden, of 1916,
(see 9th vol. OF the Laws, page 6t2) aud has re-
of concurrence in the principle, in this lin
tied import, the first second, and third articles oil
| the aforementioned Convention with Great Bri-
tain, viii furnish models which may be followed in
the draft OF those TO which you authorized 10
gree. These three articles embrace other sub
jects besides that principle, but they such as
TO have either direct connexion with il, are
necessary to give full and complete effect TO it. In
describing the territories OF the new American
States with which We are TO maintain hereafter
commercial intercourse, you will see the proprie,y
of employing, in any treaty which you may con.
cude. such terms as may embrace whatever terri
tories, inSuidr or continental, may appertain to
each upon the termination OF the present war.
During its future progress, possessions may be
won or lost, which, as the case may be, should be
comprehended or excluded by those terms
In December, 1928, the then President OF the
United States. in his annual message, upon the
opening OF Congress. announced, as principle
applicable 10 this Continent, what ought hereafter
to be insisted upon, that no European nation ought
to be allowed to plant upon it colonies. IL
was not proposed, by that principle, TO disturb pre-
existing European colonies already established in
America; the principle looked forward, not back
ward Several of the new AInercanSiaes have Civ
en- ntmations OF their concurrence in the principle;
and il is believed that it must command the assent
Of the impartial world. Whilst America was.
comparatively, boundess waste, and almost
unpeopled desert, claimed, aud probably first set
tied with civilized men by the European powers
who discovered If they could agree among them
selves as 10 the limits OF their respective terrific
ries, there was no American State to oppose, or
whose rights would be affected by, the establish
ment of new colonies. But now the case is en-
tirely altered; from the North Eastern limits OF
the United States in North America to Cape Horn
in South America, the Atlantic ocean, with
one or two inconsiderable exceptions; and from the
same Cape to the ifty-first degree of North lati-
tude in North America, on the Pacific ocean,
without any exception tie whole coasts and coun-
tries belong 10 sovereign resident American pow
ers. There is, therefore, chasm within the
described limits in which new European colony
could be now introduced, without violating the
territorial rights of some American State. An
attempt TO establish such a colony, and by its es-
| Enlistment TO acquire sovereign rights for any
European power, must be regarded as an inadnis-
sible encroachmeni. If any portion of the people
of Europe, driven by oppression from their native
country, or actuated by the desire of improving
the condition Of themselves OF their poserty, wish
TO migrate TO America, il will TO doubt be the po-
Icy OF all the new States il has been ours,
10 afford them an asylum, and, by naturalization, to
extend 10 such of them are worthy the same po-
Iitical privileges which enjoyed by the native
citizen. But this faculty Of emigration cannot be
allowed to draw after il the right Of the European
State, oil which such emigrants shall have been
native, to acquire Sovereign powers in America
The rule is good by which one in judging of an
others conduct or pretensions, is advised TO re-
verse positions. What would Europe think OF an
American attempt TO plant there American CO.
ony? Ii It's pride would be provoked, & its power
exerted, TO repsess & punish such presumptuous
act,it Is high tine that IL should be recoec & felt
! that Americans, themselves descended from Eu.
ropeans, have also their sensibiIi,ies and their
rights.
| ITO be Confinued1
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