Litchfield enquirer., 1829-12-10

vHntages obtained by the late treaty, Will greatly augment that importance. So that there may now be free and unrestricted cOmmercG wNh Na,0ha and the OttOmaa provinces Or Asia, ROumelin, Bulgaria, Wal lachia and MOldaVia; the Crimea, the shores of the sea Of A1uE and the Abra1rs, &c. &c.
 Now if 300 ships have found employment last year, 5000 may within year to come. And ufthr whole number, be it mOrG or less, our merchants may supply probably one thlrd' Our own direct commerce. would employ a ROodly number ofships: anu we cann"t come ID for a goOdly share of the carrying trHde' our counlrvmpn must have been dctcriUrating in both skin and energy. However, yankee ships have never yet Shrunk from competition; and whenever there has been chance for rI. valrv, there has been nO want of sucCess.- An experience has proved, that American ships are the best built, and the best sailors; and American sramen are the most actiVe.- Consequently they can make the most vOya- ges from and to given points, and can go the cheapest. Neither the English nor French marine can compete with us. A large DOT ton of the carrying trade Of the Black Sea- must of course fall on us. This view ot the subject nrpsents another encouraging teA'ure. If 500 ships and vessels are taken rom our present tonnage for this new source of com
 nerce, what spring will 1t give to the ship ping business of our whole country! This species of property on hand, woul i'd increase greatly in value treights would rise with the increased demand for ships; and our ship yards would again resound with the activity which marked the golden days of our com
 Wercal prosperity Nor do we think we are at all extravagant in our calculations, or visionary tn our antici- pations. To say nothing at present ot the Turkish Asatic provinces on the Black sea! the peninsula between that sea and the sea Ot Azof, or the CrimcN, is advantageousIy sltua- ted for commerce. The wants Of the 'nterl" OF upon the Danube, the Dnieper, the Don' and the VUlga, are immensely great !rue' the Volga flows into the Caspian; but glance at the map will show that the distance rom Axof to this river Of almost interminaO!e navigation, is not great, and its commerce must find an emporium upon waters tributa- ry to the Black Sea. The commerce of Georgia, moreover, is growing into impor- tance. Sicard informs us that the Georgian merchants every year travel to the L'eps'c fairs, where they ay out millions tor manu- Gactured goods. And they are now making arrangements to establish houses in London and Marse;lles. We, too, may participate ln this trade; and we can perceive no good req son, under the present liberal policy ofthe Emncror of Russia, why we cannot push our commerce., or form commercial connexions, if we choose, up the Phasis. to Tifls, Erlvan' and into Persia. Our cOttons have already
 been taken to the Mediterranean, and even l to China, and sold at handsome protit.- And we believe wide opening for tnese goods can likewise be found along tho whole
 coast of the Black Sea, and deep into the ln'
 terior. At all events, it appears that wide
 field for fresh commercial enterprise is open
 ing upon us; and we have no fears that tt w'' not be Occupied.-N. Y. Spectator.
 l sprr,mrNs OF TURKISH LEGISLATION.
 rn -.--. q ,r, ti.e NFsiteo Cor Political Code !
 and the Book Of Civil Jurisprudence.
 Ine SWIt0n's Po,cer.-Thc chief of the Moslems must be a disciple of fMahomnledan- ism, and have attained his majority; must he of fsound mind, of noble race, and of the male sex. As Mahomet's repI Iesenlative and imam tn chief, the Sultan is conservator of the sa- cred code of laws,and guardian of the canoni- cal enactments. Aspossessor ot the lmametz. he is privileged to attend public prayers on Fridays and celebrate the two Bairams; and as the national guardian, he is enducd with unlimited power over the faithful. In the Sultan alone is vested the right of appointing to offices, whether of judicial Or executive character; to him alone appertains the un- controlled disposal of the revenue and expen. allure of the state, the command of the na- tional forces, the right of making peace or war, and the watching over inc public safety and tranquility; on him alone. in short. de. wolves, and in him alone centres the entire government of the state. The Snhan's pow CT is indivisible-his person sacred and i0viO- lable-his judicial powers extend over all per-
 sons and things-and he is consequently pla.
 ced beyond the reach of any penal .aws.- Conquest has given him military suZerainty and hence arizes his right to command the ar
 my. Yet he has no power of interference
 with the canon law. much less if such inter-
 ference should be prejudicisl to the condition of his subjects or the well-being of the ser wants of God; for both are recommended as special objects of his paternal care.
 FovefgR ResideRts.-The stranger during hls abode in Moslem countries is entitled to the protection of the laws. prov ided he reside hy permission Of the sovereign or his repre- sentative. This permission is confined to two, SIX, or eleven months. and is never ex- tended tO whole iwelyemonth. fla foreign CT remain in the country beyond the period appointed him. he becomes a taxable subject, IS obliged to pay the capitatiOn tax. and for ie'ts the right of quitting the country without impeachment. Strangers of the female sex in
 cur similar liabilities upon their marriage with
 the SuItan's suhjecis. But the residence ofa
 foreigner wh0 mas becOme ehargable with tax
 es. does not eniite him io the protection of the Moslen laws as respects his property in