Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1829-08-21

should be given by the individual states or the Gene
RAJ government When we are convinced of the
poncy<E VIII be time enough 20 inquire in what
nodesl9b wLat extent, and by whom, it should be
carried INTO effect; if decde against the policy
all the other questions unnecessary.
Those who opposed to the encouraging polcy
say that The disposition of individuals provide for
theinselB and their families, and to improve their
condition IN lie, is UNIVERSAL that they require no
stimulus from the government, and that the same
strong incentives are likely to derive better means for
furtlering the general object of their efforts than
can be devised by statesmen and legislatures: or if
every individual cannot be thus supposed to under
stand the best mode of promoting his own interests
a few certainly WILL and when they have explored a
new channel OF commerce, and made an improve
ment In h,lsbandrv. discovery in the useful arts
the rest OF the community will be prompt to avail
themselves of these new roads to wealth, and thus
each one ill have the benefit of the sagacty and in
genuty OF the lestThat, in this way, the wealth of
the nation which the wealth of it's indivi
dual members, rests Tor Its promotion the strong
est Instincts or our Dature and that governments
nave nothing To do than to give these instincts
freedom OF action, BY guarding them against foreign
aggression and internal fraud, violence and Injustice
so to secure to every the exclusive possession
and peaceful enjoyment OF the fruits OF his abour-
That, consequently, whenever one species of employ
ment becomes profitable than another, mat
ter from what cause whether by the natural advan,a
ges OF country, the progress of its population the
commercial restrictions OF foreign nations, such more
profitable employment will be discovered and
pursued That i'll confirmation of these theoretical
principles, the experience Of all civilized nations
shows that trade of every kind has foursed in pro-
portion it free. They further rely on the a,I-
thorty Of Adam Saith and other approved political
| economists In support OF the principles. While
they admit, i'll conformity with those writer's, that
there are some special exceptions the principle Of
tree trade they maintain that those exceptions
do not contradict that principle, but that they merely
postpone the consideration Of profit to perma-
nent object, such the defence fte nation the Pc
cuar distresses of certain classes and others.
Such is believed to be a fair, though cJmpendious
summary OF the arguments used by the opponents
to every legislative encouragement To manufactures
whatever saving those that embraced i'll the eX-
ceptions Just referred 10.
On Their the other hand, the advocates for encour-
agement say, that the principles of their adversaries
are true to certain extent. That willie all man
kind are disposed to better their condition, and the
greater part OF them, to make the eforts necessary
for that object they sometimes fail to do from ig-
norance from Incidence, fl ON prejudice from pre-
tabilshed hab,s-Tha these propensi,es all stand in
the way of leaving things themselves and are as
natural to the desire to better his condition
l-Ihot all legislation, all systems OF punishment
every species of discipline for the enforcement of
moral duties, supposes that man is either incapable
OF always seeing his interest, not always disposed
to pursue 1t, since there virtue which we
are not urged vice from which we are not
dssuaded, by enlightened selfove-bu find men
every where committing crimespractisng fau-violans
contracts IN utter disregard only OF tc interests
| Of the penalties of the law.
They that they also disposed appeal experience
TO test the correctness of their principles and by proc
that mems ignorance indifference their interests NAV
operate in their empoymeu they urge that sometimes
features have been planted and have ourhed up the os
terng care OF government when they would mot
established without -that occasionally found
in new branches of trade or new manufaetes under the dis
advantages that always attend enterprises prob
able that they might have been undertaken previous
yha, undertakings which have proved yerv nro6a
owe their accomplishment altogether to the
New YORK canal has proved very profitable investment
capital pays far greater interest," now any of
the banks and yet there believe that would
have been undertaken by individual enterprise rather
the most satisfactory believing would not
have been undertaken, if the legislature, propelled by single
mind Of extraordinary sagacity, had -ha
the temporary interests OF country very often different
from lis permanent interests and that the asr which
serve to be regarded by the government neglected by
individuals ihey moreover deny that trade and manufactures
have forished only where they free; contrary
they insist tat there part of the civilized world which
they have not been subjected TO multiplied regulation and re-
stran that England where extensive and
where manufactures better and cheaper any
other country her navigation laws of duties and
prolotonS and bountles, extending every fabric which
interfere with any class of her sutcther colonial monoo
es-her laws OF laws of her incorporated
companies, form such tissue of resransso
clogs to free competton furnish least plausible argu
mehts mat her commerce and manufactures have foued by
reason oi these restrictions, aud IN spite of he-and
the same Negotiating system which has perfected scholars at
o ana Westminster schools has perfected manufactures in
Sleied birmingham and Manchester. And lastly they
deny ask, fmen always understood pursued their inter-
eS o" happens It that one nation and district
richer than another not materially different from natural
anoheH Why is particular fabric cheaper in
one town than another, in the neghborhood Why in
Short with the density of population countries
proved
2enera questions TO balance
inquire If there which labor and
capital may be diverted from their course and vet
pass from less 10 profitable employment In this case
will depend upon the judgment with ach the power is
exercised whether adds TO the national wealth dniDshes
it, Thee seem 10 he several such cases.
LIST nation may possess every requisite for the successful
prosecution OF manufacture except the manual skill The
material may be abundant and cheap the ordinary price of
labor may be not too high and population may sufficiently
dense TO admit of subdivision of empoymcnis and su
Gent consumption but vet we may be able profit
advantages, because il has not dcxtey and
practical knowledge which expeehce and nothing expe-
rIpu fbaf,r
exist under good system laws men will soon or lat
be rnpeed by their and necessities profit by them
this result when things left take their natural course
seldom the work of generation
must follow in SUGGESTIONS each improving other After
mechanic begins his livelihood by his trade his improve
ment commonly very great His apprentices indeed the
business prospers, and there sufficient competition will
prove but even their improvement gradual and slow Thus
was long before the hats and shoes manufactured this
were as good as those ppored though materials were