davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

This statement proves unea uiyocally that the
election did not turn ut all upon the sentiments
OF The different candidates, IN relation 10 the
basis of representation. Or that IL IL did the
enfront OF public opinion, set in favor OF the
mixed basis. Otherwise how did IL happen that
Mr H. obtained il5 votes more than SIR. Cor
don or that Sir. Gordon, with all his personal
popularity ~ the county, and the claims which
l"Dg service gave him 10 the support Of its yo.
ters, should have fsrsiyed but few more sat.
irages than Mr. Garland, who was personally
but hitle known, and who perhaps had not bee
- the county tSlee within i've years Dies = A
Citizen" doubt that Mr.. Hives would have been
eieeiod, had be- remained with as And would
lac ihnn have SAID, No were getting up Iastgue-
tinis u our delegates Ia violate The pledges the
gave, snd "n winch they were elected
We proceed 'asily, 10 notice the result of " A
tiuEsH's Request, that the people would meet
Ae, 81 tite court -houss, oa Monday isst. a
VS. 'o"h dsy' sud lle weather being unusually
Use, large pofii0a o. iTsehsldefs s,I lha counts
attended, aud smoug them, al. sho wefs d,so..s
20 10 shssgs IA lbs diseuss,oB Of tlis subject
let a"' ithi1g the great aBSisty, a Cltissn'
inseitsi1di thst tbs spiAluns 81 tbh psosls
sa"nia D. made knos a. theFs vac a. sj,n made
a. sliIh 90 rtpfrssiisa % ihst 0g.aion As,
ihis [" - b. aesosHtsS fT upon he sbyioul
Efssisa, that tbsg kasV fhs msJsfhs eas sfaias
iafss' -i'a si.s' iiis ifissph Of thsH aaFsfsanss
F'fh 49, tt'AH, FihAf ihsh aEihht
rfeslaf hss sPPsafs9 ~ hsbsU 81 ths liissss y
ihs sliiss bsss rslliag Smother msstiss Of IA,
FfsYts iss tbsta " sgnie lsl ssfa snd ,uaa
iiesi ihfu esfgilpn 20 ihssf tights saa a. ~
esq ~ fsil4sF ASA al FHafls sg IasfHrtioe
sha tsffthf fsfe themselves, Ard thsif ts.sslesi
/ NJ ieiu iis fFiis - Ansiaffssy Thsy ssa
hlt siify ssfsiy a. hei brhsss fhat Bsslofill
- tes sFsHil - 18th uism hns salsss ihs'
SEQ Ff'-iiitF F9snflsl ftsfiien, iheg aissf d
psafistsvH hsi.Hs ihs 8.ssliBs - Hsaasl
i'sai - asssisa eiH pfissstiy b4Fs bssa "a
gfsis a = ii's ieHsFa'iss 9hsss sssfis hss
sss.' H'H a. y fsa,'iiss Thsss = ssaihs
f,stigf ssffAsisg saea shiFh tbs ssssiias
ls'Sf sss sssly - 'sgs. sesnsE Aift.sg a.
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

We are iBdrbird 10 Toe activity and q,
'rTPf'se 81 W. Smith. the pr,p,i.,n,
Ih" lipe ~ Stages rom ChafLa,es,Ils
AleKanJna. by the way oG Culoau,,,
C'pfi-hepse. fir the Fersipt 81 the Pies,
dents Message. Ills seeonmndstino No,
esn0m he b0 highly spplauded. m,
hss'sgs, delivered o. CngIess Al 10 ~,
i'ek on Tgssdsy. was received 10 Cha,
hfiessills, 10y expires Op Wednesday ey..
Sisg. u - 80 ample JoenBas,--iul 81
business plain 80 Hs lsngnage. and a.
rect ~ hs aims, prescribing msHy l,ae,,.
iabi suggestions iB Hs future lse,.lstion
~ t"ngfsss, ~ lsBaasgs clear. ssyfes,
sbd snsqaigaesi So sa,laganiss smbat.
isss We purposes srd peTplsE ns mssainR
y hsais 9P's u 80 aBsqg.s0esi ine,sss u
lbs mind ifafn shisb u ap3s. V opsn can,
dis, ssa dfes, osBsfsl Jsessoa sell.
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
FOR SALE Or RENT.
THE HOUSE AND LOT

SlTUATED at the foot ef the first en-
~ inrnce leading from Charlottesville
ip the University, at present occupied by
Vi John Patten as Grocery. This es-
Enlistment CONSISTS Of a Brick Dwelling
t1'ISe aud ktchen-a very large Smoke
ilouse-a good Garden covered way
from the house to the Kitchen, under which
Is Pump Of excellent water, and all 9th
er necessary cnnvenicnces suitable for
private family or for one lha, might chuse
!" carry "n the metchau,iie business, Ell
,isrr AZ Dry G.---a S,op~-~s - 0,,,os.y,
All under an excellent enclosure. This is
certainly one amongst the best stands in
charlottesville for the above business.
Expecting when first purchased, to make
1t permanent residence neither pains
nor expense was spared 10 make the inn
provements both comfortable and DIN able.
Its thought unnecessary tn give further
description of this valuable property as it
10 presumed those disposed to rent o, pur.
chase, would first view the premises. The
terms Of sale, if a purchaser should nffer
will he liberal and accommodating, and a
good title made. For further particulars
apply to
| RICHARD DUKE, Ad'mr. or
| ELIZABETH w. SPENCER,
! Guardian.
| December il-'29 If
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
J. POLLOCK.
hKANGE County Court, November
~ 9th 1929.
Iaprr [lnn,I,
Plaintiff,


The defendant George C. Goodridge,
not having entered his appearance aud
gwen security according to the act Of as
sembly and the rules Of this Court, and it
appearing to the satisfaction of the court
that he IS not an inhabitant Of this COM
mnn@ealth. On the motion of the Plain
TN ny his counsel, 1T is ordered that the
SAID defendant do appear here on the
fourth Monday in February next, aud an
swer the bill of the Plaintiff, and that a
copy of this order he forthwith inserted in
some newspaper printed in the town of
charlottesville for two months successfully
and that another copy be posted at the
front door Of the Courthouse O. this Coun-
y "A Copy
Teste.
PHILIP FRY, DC.
December II-'29 ON
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
Di ED.

The Philadelphia U. S Gazette announces
ne DEATH or Saturday last, of Mss WAsmlxa.
ros' the widow ofthe late Judge Wasursoros.
She let Philadelphia on Saturday morning, in
carriage, on her return to Mourt Vernon. but
icing taken suddenly and alarmingly i'll near
tray Ferry. she was conveyed to a private
dwelling house, where she shortly after expire d
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
a u C. TT O NJ
Commission Business

COMMISSION business,
VIE subscribers offer their serv;ces ~
IL the public in the above caoac;,v
VIZ: as a UC1TON &. COM1TISST|,W
MERCHANTS. They are PREPARED IN
receive, and will sell any article entrusted
to their care, either at private or nnbI;c
sale, as may be required Should thew
meet sufficient encouragement, it il
Their intention to have regular AUC-
TON SALES, on each Conrt dav and
on such other public days as may be ne.
cessary. Their Commissions wi; be as
reasonable as possible, and propor,ioned
to the value Of the articles sold
Believing such an establishment, will hs
an accommodation to the nnhl;c :. il
nosinp Of many articles and heinz do,sp.
mined TO give strict attention 10 il and he.
punctual III their dealings. tbey solicit.
'nd vii endeavour to merit whatever en-.
couragement generous public may be-
stow.
P. F. BOYD g. BROTHER
October 30 1920. #
N. i. The above will be. eoi,duc,ad
y =. z. BOYD. at the corner, betwsen
TIE CcDasl H1icl aud CDyt House squot
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

people of the county have to do, is to remain
hrm ond unmoved IF thew consult their inter.
ssis they will do this Meet your adyersar;s
tair'y aud openly; leave the few who differ from
them; the reward if not yours, will bo van,
posteritys NICIAS
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
- =. -
il ST RECEIVED
AN ADDITIONAL SUPPLY OF
GROCERIES, VIZ.

>'SCse AS, We
Oh SACKS SILT, (Lirerpool 6l,ed)
~ Hogshead .Ns,o Orleans SUGaR.
do West India do
500 pounds best Green Coffee,
hogshead New.Orleans Molasses
do West India do
500 pounds Loaf Sugar, (superior.)
3chests Imperial and Gunpowder
Tea,
2 boxes Chocholate No. 1,
l barrel new Rice.
Pepper, AIspice,
Ginger, Alum and Cnpperass.
Rogers hes, Orange Gunpuwder,
Shot o: all sizes,
I'D dozen pint FIasks,
Decanters, Tumhlers, &c.
French Brandy and Wine.
Rum, Bounce and CIDER,
Whlskey by the barrel or gallon,
$ barrels Nc. I Mackerel,
2 do No. 3 do
= do Family Shad.
Candles, Tallow and Lard,
Flour by the barrel or retail,
Corn, Corn Meal (low.)
2O0 pair fine and coarse Shoes.
iOOo-ponnds prime Sole Leather,
And proportinnate supply Of Upper.
All OF which will be sold low for CASH
ny ]. POLLOCK.
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
NOTICE.

VIE . NEGROES helouging to IT,.
h;,o, estate OF John Rodes decd vii, he
% @,,en out Tor twelve months At I"h" g"
~ ~, tavern, IN hl.ema,le ON m. oc.h
Vi inc present mouth. DECENT, "I ~c'h
THOMAS l.. SHELTON ~ me
December H. 20 Executor.
-" z,
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
MARRIED.

:" ."'s county, on the 10Th by the Rev. B
r,csNn Mr. George W. Humphrey to Miss
n"cnor itoblnson.-On the same evening by the
tov' b. Fickin Mr.. John Myrcs to Miss Jane
tiillum.
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

to shelter himself from no responsibility
'mnosed nppn him by the duties of the
station to which the voice of a grea,GI
country has called him. With him eve,y
,.'ng IS above hoard. In this, hi. FIRST
MESSAGE I" Congress there is every thine
7" crafty h's friends and vindicate the;,
predilect'on; while, did We M, know tha
malignant ingenuity of the opposition we
w"nld say there is nothing to which tho
most 'an,t hnd,ng can take excepti,n
we shall lay 1t bef"re our readers ne.,
week. ""'
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
TRUST SALE.
NOTICE.

RY virtue of Deed Of Trust execut.
- ed by William Il. Alllgre to the sub
scrIber, for the purpose of SECURING the
payment OF certain debt therein mon.
toned, due to Martin Dawson. which said
deed bears date the 3Ist day Of Oc,ob.r
1898, and was further and fully proved
and recorded in the court of the county If
fInvanna on the 25th day of November
1878, will be exposed to sale a, public auc.
ton, tor ready money, on Friday the IItb
day OF December next, at the dwelling
house OF the said William T. AIlipre the
tract or Parce! ofLand on which the said
AIIigre resides; lying and being in the
counties of FIuvanna and AIhemarle and
on Mechunk Creek. containing
24O ACRES.
ALSO
Three other tracts adjoining the same
containing in the said three tracts.
3S4 ACRES
Making in all, 624 ACRES, adjoining the
Lands OF Dabney Minors estate. Is
a HORSE. The title in me vested a,
Trustee. only will be assured aud conyev.d
JOHN TIMBERLAKE. Jr
November $40 ,ds
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
SPLENDID LOTTERY
10000 DOLLARS

& h rnn1 CONSOLIDATED LOTT
Els Class No 10; to h. ',s 49,
The I'D DECEMBER, isa9. 'A'DA Y
'" "'ADER LoTrERY-e DRAWN p,,,or,
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
10000 DOLLARS.
UNION CANALLOTTCpv

CLASS No. IA, FOR 1929.
W. y,, re drawn in Philadelphia q,
THURSDAY, the I'm nECrW'
BER, 1929. 49," DIOEM-
" NJ MDER LoTTERY-9 DRAWN B.t1or,
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

"A L a Court held for Albenarle Coun-
~ ty the 9TH December, 1929.
Nelson Blrksdale administrator of
julius Clarkson deceased,
Plaintiff,
AGAINST 9
Thomas W.. Maury administrator 5
with the will annexed of Peter &
Clarkson deceased, and Peter 2
Harrison,
TIL Defendants.
ing entered his appearance and given Sc.
curlty according to the act of Assembly.
and the rules Of this Court, and it appear.
ing ny satisfactory evidence, that he is not
an inhabitant Of this CommonweaItb-on
motion OF the plaintiff by his counsel. il is
ordered that the said defendant do appear
here OIL the first day Of March Court next
and answer the plaintiffs bill, and tina, a
copy OF this order be forthwith inserted in
the Virginia Advocate, newspaper Dub.
lished IN the town Of Charlottesville, for
TWO months successfully, and posted at
the front door of the Cnurthouse or ,bis
county for the same length oftine.
a Copy
Tesie,
IRA GARRETT g.
December li-'29 2m
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

~, 20, GO, &c. &c 0'
PRICE or TICKETS:
Whole SlO-Half S5-Quarter 50 So
Eighth 81 25.
-" Orders for Tickets or Shares in the
above Lotteries, will receive the most
prompt attention if addressed (post paid }
to YATES g. M'INTYRE.
Washington City, d C.
GFAn official account of the drawn,
WI he sorwardedto adventures, free Of
postage.
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

on Monday last the Twety first Congress- md
the Legislature of Virginia commenced thai
sessions Both bodies were organized on tina,
u'y Congress- by the election of Andrew Ste.
Sens"n as Speaker Mathew St. C. Clorl."n
.letx Capt, 5 Burch, Door keeper, and Over.
Ton Carr assistant Door keeper.
Inc House of Delegates of Virgins, ORGAN
nea their session, by the election of J,nn
oahSs as Speaker; G. w. MunEorJ ., co..
I1"n stnbblcfield as Door keeper, and Henri
IT, S"uthall, as second Door keeper. The f,r
,''er oifccrs OF the Senate, were appoin,ed Of:
hoers Tor the present session.
~ consequence Of the meeting o. the Leois.
azure Tue Convention have made an nrr,na,
"ohu w"h the Trustees o. the first Presbyteri.
an church to hold tleir sessions in that bpild.
ing:
ScRIBLERus" has been received
'"' VIII appear next week.
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11
TWO TENEMENTS
FOR RENT.

NE comfortable BRICK HOUSE
~ adjoining Mr.. John Kellys, with
good garden and an excellent we'll Of wa
tr-possessIon can DC had Immediately.
one situated on the south end of Cour,
street. which will be completed by the lst
" January, at which time possession can
be had by application to
J. POLLOCK.
n. b. Ny creditors are pressing me
hard Tor what is due them, and necessity
VIII compel me to press all those that have
not paid me before the first day of Janua-
ry next. l hope no farther notice will be
required Up
December II-'I9 IF
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

sS many others Of 500, SO sGo
800, $40, &c. Wv
IVY, PRICE OF TICKETS:
''"0Se s3-Hay 50 5O-Quar,e, e., or
Virginia advocate. [volume] (Charlottesville, Va.) 1827-1860, 1829-12-11

SCRIBLERus" has been reca;ye,,
anu "Iil appear next week.
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-01-23

pense Of Religion-nor did he smile at ?roiane
Jokes in others. There was deep principle
in his heart presiding over his most reckless
mood, which said "hi,herto may'st thou come,
bu, no farther" /, is eircumstance which
mixes consolation with regret for his loss, that
in the closing period Of his lille, this principle
assumed its due influence, and shed over his last
moments those hopes which cheer and support
the descent 10 The tomb.
We have before noticed Incidentally what we
besteem the leading :raits " Mr.. Brainard's
poetry, --boldness, originality, force and pa
iihos The lines on Niagara are doubtless the
best that have ever been written on that s!upen-
dous work Of nature and this is the more re-
mark able, as Brainard was never within three
hundred miles Of the spot. The poem, begin
ming "7hs dead leaues stre,e the forest ,oak," has
deep pathetic vein running through it, which
reminds us strongly Of Burns.
The originality OF Brainard has the more me-
ri,, in an age, when imitation is stamped upon
almost all The new poetry we read Mrs. iie>
mans rhymes are perpetually Ginning in our
ears-the conceis Of Shelly come forth again
and again, each time in some new mask-and
Wordswor,h's ghosts and shadows Of thought
haunt Us like spec,res ia the night. But Brai-
nard either disdained imitation, or the gushing
fountain Of his own genius left him-litlle temp
tation TO borrow from others. No man ever
thought his own thoughts more Independently
than he did.
There are some deductions 10 be made from
the unqualified praise we might otherwise be-
stow upon his poetry. His pieces are very une-
qual-aud generally Enthusiastically are also
frequently marrrd by careIessness, and some
times by coarseness. A splendid com7let or
verse is ofieu followed by an inferior one--the
former showed his power, he latter bis indo-
leace. The grammatical defect that will be
observed in the first stanza Of the magnificent,
lines "On q late Ioss," and the vulgar metaphor
with which he closes the piece "7o my friend
G." are stains which little more care, and
more s'udious dclicacy nigh, have removed,
and which an author who seeks the approba-
ton of the public is bound to remove. Know
ing as we do that these pieces were written on
ly TO serve a transient purpose, ard were after
wards Gu, from file Of newspapers with pair
OF scissors, aud printed in a volume without
corree,on-,hey may not lower our estimate
Of the authors genius, bu, they must aba'e the
value we set upon his works.
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-01-23
From the National Journal.

Our readers are already aware, that in COZ.
sequence Of the attendance Of only three Judges
the Supreme Court has hcen compelled 10 adj
iourn, from day to day, during the whole Of The
last week, and tina, Judge Duvail has been un-
der the necessity Of leaving home, in a state Of
considerable indisposition, in order to take his
seat before the expiration Of the ten days, be-
yond which, under the existing law, the Court
could not extend their daily ad adjournment. But
for the proximity, therefore, Of Judge Dnvall,
and his ability 10 give his timely attendance, a
complete term Of the Court would have been
lost This state Of things is partly owing TO
the dispensa,ions Of Providence, and partly by
the neglect Of the Senate, to act upon the no.
elect be attributable to party feeling, they have
much TO answer Tor who have been so ready TO
yield themselves up to that feeling, to the en-
barrassment Of one Of the principal branches Of
the Government, and the manifest inconve-
nience Of numerous citizens who have cases
depending before that august tribunal.
Blu, The object Of This paragraph is to state
that bill was yesterday passed by both Houses,
with view to avert, in future, the evil with
which the country has been now menaced, by
enabling the Supreme Court to- adj ourn, from
day TO day, until s.quorum shall have appear
ed The character Of the Senate would have
stood fairer, if this law had been enacted pre-
vous TO an effort 10 call the public attention to
the fact. lf the fear Of cons qurnces be the
only principle which is operative upon the con-
siilutional advisers Of the President, ii is in
vain to expect that the wheels Of the Govern.
ment will run smoothly. But no one can con-
template such course, without feeling poig.
nant regret, mingled with deep modification,
that, in body where purity, diguity, and ex-
emplion from prejudice, ought to be conspicu.>
Gus, there should be found such signal illusira-
trations Of the predominance Of human imper-
fiction, and the om1ipresence Of error.
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-01-23
We are indebted 10 Mr.. Prize, the Secretary
OF the Senate Of Pennsylvania, for the following
copy of leuer from Gen. Jacksonville. TEL.

We are indebted 10 Mr.. Prize, the Secretary
OF the Senate Of Pennsylvania, for the following
copy of a letter from Gen. Jacksonville. TEL.
Near Nashville, Dec. 80, 1928
GENTLEMEN: I, having pleased the author OF
all mercies, by late dispensa,ion Of his prov
idcnce; to remove from this world, the stay and
s"lace Of my life, feelings Of which need not
attempt the description. compel me to decline
the invitation with which tie members Of the
Pennsylvania Legislature, friendly TO my cleo
ton, have honored me. I am not, however,
even in this hour Of af1iction, ihsensible TO
their kindness; and cannot but feel obliged to
you gentlemen, for the polite and favorable
terms in which you have communicated it 10
me, in your letter Of the 9th. instant. The OBJ
legations owe 20 the people and the Legislature
Of Pennsylvania, for repeated evidences ofsen-
uine partially and support. impress me with
sense OF gratitude and difference for that great
and patriotic State, which in every vicissitude
OF life, shall cherish: and which, under less
mournful circumstances should be proud 10
manifest, by attending at her capitol and pay
ing my respect in person, 10 her citizens
Have the goodness, gentlemen, to carry to
your associates, and accept for yourselves, the
respectful assurance Of my sincere esteem.
an, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
ANDREW JACKSON.
The Hon. DANIEL STuReEoN,
Speaker ofMc Ssnaie Of Pennsylvania.
Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1829-01-23
AMERICAN PoxrRY:-Mr. Goodrich's WORK

AMERICAN PoETRY:-Mr. Goodrich's wort
on this subject, with biographical sketches Of
all the Americans whose names have been as
associated with the subject of American Poe
twill be ready in three months. Our own
connexion with this undertaking in its earliest
stages, forbids our speaking particularly OF the
claims which we believe il will be found to have
upon the a,tea,ion OF the public. 1t is saffi-
Glen, for US TO say that the task Of arranging &
preparing the volumnous materials Of 4 COM
pleie history Of our native poetry, from the time
of Cotton Maiher, down 10 the present Gay, is
now in the hands Of a gentleman, whose indus
Try and ability are no, to be questioned.
BY the kindness OF Mr.. Goodrich, we are en-
abled 10 offer our readers an extract from The
INTENDED publication. We have selected the
Biography Of Brainard, as one which will be
intere sting to many, who but few months since,
saw this son Of genius m the full possession and
the free exercise Of his faculties.
Boston Daily Adpertiser.
JOHN GARDINER CALKlNs BRAlNARD.
Braiusrd was a native Of New London, Con-
neeticu,, and son Of the Hon. Jeremiah G..
Brainard, who has been for several years one Of
the judges of the Supreme Court Of that State.
He was graduated at Yale College in 1915, and
having fitted himself for the bar. he entered in
to practice, at Middletown Conn. Not finding
that degree Of success that he wished, he re-
turned in short time to his native town, and
thence in 1922 he went 10 Hartford % under-
take the editorial charge Of the Connecticut
Mirror. In this capacity he was occupied until
abou, year before his death, when marked BY
eviden, symptoms,as victim Of consumption,
he returned once sgain to the paterhal roof,
where he died September %, 1923, at the age
Of SO.
There are few men more richly gifted than
was the subject ofthis memoir. The collection
OF poetry, that was published by him in a vo-
lume, and which will carry his name down to
futurity, were all composed for the columns Of
a weekly paper, aud were only regarded by the
writer as light and trifliug productions, serving
10 FL his columns and discharge his obliga.
lions to furnish something original for his rea-
ders, They we're always written in haste-u-
sually at the last moment to which he could de-
Law, and while the printer was at his elbow
dunuing for copy; they were also written with