Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-12-15

OF our State having separated from each other ard
iVrned independent governments, shall hayo sent
uepulIcs 10 form Tor them, a,.deral constitution.
! ihst the apportionment OF representation accor-
"i'S 10 federal numbers not intended TO afford
protection TO The slaves of the Southern States isl
plalniy 20 be inferred from the utter nadcouacy oil
inc me ans to the end. IL would afford no such pro
tectlon because 1t ef the five Southern Suites the
principal slave holders, IN decided minority, in the
House oil Representatives, while they were in still
smaller minority IN the Senate. The protection To
that property. from the power of Congress- IS To he
tound' III tho absence of all authority 10 legisate
conccrnng 1t, except by the imposition of uxcs and
III 'lS restraint upon The power To lay any coptaon
or other direct tax, unless i'll the proportion of the
federal numbers.
The provisions of the constitution the Unien States do
not warrant the conclusion that introduced to npo[o
Representations IN the popular branch OF the To the
contributions OF the respective States The Contributions az
VIC states are drawn essentially from nrOss and duties and
'htir Sho attempt TO apportOn representation them was
manifest THAI the revenue tom this would furnish the
oI"Hty income OF the government, aud that direct taxes
would be tie subject ouly of occasional csr YET e rem
Tcrnaon the same whether direct taxes are levied or no
IN truth direct taxes and representation are not apoond IN
caGh ol'eT-tey are only referred common standard the
a. me'' winch is 20 govern the one always, whether
called into existence ' WV"
But suppose conceded ha, was the orcc, of the federal
'ons'n'm to appornn representation aud contributions 10
each other, and conceded moreover that such
was isht upon prime P!eis there nothing due To tic consider
@ H''e W u'e s'eaI government committed the
conduct ni external relations alone the State povr,n
nave charge OF all nur internal aairsvhile the federal 90
anu upon asr n'sSeS--the State upon
relation winch he bears society? Is there no far inference
rom MS consideration that while representation appononcd
- taxes might fairly Cmhoy public H. IN the federal
councils and give sufficient proFac,ion the v1ous Interests
I' OF ifteen might be required ia Vnua, express fairly
c VIII oi her people to represent and po"ct the various
The constitution OF Massachu ,s New i7m,,.he South
Carolina aud Georgia referred TO- as fIni.nu examine,
and the Sr'ieman from ofange lrP BaionrS paiticu
y oornH 10 our attention the experience of Nlss,achu
SETS WHIP Ester 50 or 40 years trial Of government has D
ri'Ne1 TINS by refusing to alter IT, a late &c, sion Of her
''"o" III Massachusetts, the representation IN the sen.
ds'u upon Tue ratio OF taxes with provision that
usci shall send more ting" in the house of tD,rsrn
~ u O'sei @ The number OF taNahe polls, each election
oi,; - e.1',G % one !nf The hTst 100 polls aud
ADDITION for every 2tj above that number Tic election
sn,isr r., na.e neeo'ne p"P"ous so that each
IN 20 naiy experimentation for example, about
40 bnt the districts required elect the whole nuu,
think pTopoand generally iey send but small nropoon
=" ,hch u Is pis constitution which the experience of Ma,
MAJ" recommend the bancr of her egis
azure as model for imitation, Would he syc 10 our
as 'hey thought Gt' Ii he would no, e aer,d nv ibe e.
fnca o Massachusetts, 70 branch hcs cgisa,ic
Other? But # governed by il, what dos tcaS
n| surely not that check upon power of the rcope
% Introduced INTO the popular branch legislature
~ CIV ns representation TO property there tar such checI
100 DC 'noduccd into the Neuaet teaches to rice,
ue amendment OF the gentleman fro.a Cuycrcr which ], has
been invoked 10 support - ' - ' J
The Constitution New Ramps is similar 10 b, oC
"us'us ana requires particular commentary That
u south carolina has becn most relied o rs furnishing more
ir , example South Carolina slave holding State
~ hST constitution adopted tho year 1880 had rLed
i"mn'r "i representatives and senators IN each escrion
district, varying with the change, Of rocI,,;o 81 %
aporoned In 1903 the c9ns,un of he ' 10"
was changed 10y introducing iup the precise
cuepre Senate ws len as sneG c" S, a, ma IRON
hummer OF members from each election district Tin,
Ptceoeh as regards The popular tho fcri,at,
seems to tie n point, and how ir we SHAH rcscct ,s ,bo
y IS Ir me S1od sense Of thu committee decide he slave
aroma - does IN the lower districts OF Vi -nin.ih. c.
i Vim Iro POPULATION wn' small in the d,ric
-, fp"''"n tHP"y ii!rrclsir- Its nia,on very
in iua,-ihe people OF those districts INSISTING ON a ,orc 80 III
n -, - % le people OF the eastern farng
-, Wv l'' pa mo Tie Lands vt the people ~
n.t property would lie endangered Tie eastern districts
ihPaung the time when They would n I've able IN e, Tho
VI nv gto"ing population Of the wrSt and ayailinp
eeNes OF hcir great ascendaucy both branches Of e
, 'hc amendment which fixed the basis Of
% taNe' and white population Their constitution aocj
Legislature, n two successive sessions I, ,,s i 10y ~ m
current 'o'e mat ms amendment adopted aud here can
w no stronger evidence OF the acendancy which al ,Ia, ,
we eastern districts had in tie Legislature TIA, an ove,
Wne'HS "j"Ty them Should have imposed such tens n,,
good reason why the minority here shouJ , W., "" s"u
Ip"n majority But the subsequent history of : C,,, O
we strongest recitation OF the argument which upI,lJ
Se P''cy OF tins measure there, now recommend, m @
'or outstanding tins cXrcdicni the conpound Ias ,
passed from the eastern slave holders 10 lie ,c a'
a"i vel The government proceeds perfect harmony and ~,
WISE threatened, and is longer cared WHY Ibcn boiG
gs i1u rom permitting the western ffcen'en of Viz n
Virginia Leg isa,ure? ~ '' P'I''' o'"noh OF the I
Dy me Constitution Of Georgia adopted 7ga their Senate
OF one member from each county and rir Hone
% iePIesGn'ay"s has graduated representation ba mon
Wv '"eidi hu'Der How this operates in the prrcaI d,i,r
pUoh P2wrr NJ upon tie interests society we Ar, no.
'"3,af 20 we cannot therefore appreciate example
u tis question were tiled by the example Of o si.,c
states surely lie weight Of authority would rreay n,enon
dcrae asa, 'e limitation which proposed upon Inc 6ver
o 'ne nee inhabitants Among the slave holding States vb
hdyAnd ana n Carolina have county Teprerua,ion h
Our regard 10 numbers Louisiana has House Of Represeno
scs appnoned according 10 the qualified voters and Srnas
WIN nNed Numbers rom prescribed dstrts-Keotuckv he
spononed Iothe qualified electors and Senate
10 we nee male inhabitants above - ycarsNississipi ba,
representatives. appoupned free white inhabitants br ..n
, 10 ue nee whlte taxable inhabdr Nlahama has bc,
houses pacd upon free white inhabitants Missouri Io,t
Dh'e" upnn nee white male Inhabitants and 'renuo.sec r
i"e Va aoe inhabianisha Is, well informed zee Il
InHaU's on WnMn taxes he imposed iIere arc ~, ,
ave nldng STATES ~ most fnoi all which the slaye ,
l""n " very unrGudy distributed IN norc NJ tben La, hi
en 'e'ne necessary To project their slaves v restraints on
' lower" UH rec uhabians and IN none OF them do ,e
I.an 10 "rre has been the least cause - ap,cend ~, n
danger 10 me property from tine exercise of iiai pove, or
l''' states kentucky and Tennessee have each had between
i'ry aud forty years experience ' J