Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1829-09-17
From IRE National jatibgeRcey.
PRESENT. CRISIS IN THE CONDITION OF
THE AMERICAN INDIANS.

nry OF war, the United states. and chiefs
and warriors in behalf of the Cherokees. AS this
article Was the result of distinct negotiation, held
seven months after the execution of the Treaty OF
Jlolston, it may with propricty &c called the THIRD
TREATY between the United States and the Chcro-
KEGS. 1t provided, that the annuity, given by the
fourth article of the next previous treaty, should be
raised from 81 900 to 81 500; and il declared that
this annual sum was given Gin consideration of the
REIMBURSEMENT of lands" which had been made III
that treaty OF course, the United States admitted,
that the Cherokees had posse sscd lands, the out
side of the limits established by the Treaty, which
lands they had reinqusied to the United States.
This additional article was confirmation of the
Treaty of Iiolston, after umre time had elapsed for
consideration:
iTOURTH TREATY WITH THE CHEROKEE
| This document was executed at Philadelphia. on
the 10th Of June, 1894, by Henry Knox for the Uni
ted States. and thirteen chiefs Tor the Cherokees
After aprranhle, which states, ,hs, tine eayof Iiols'on
had been llly carried by
nundersandnss and that the parties "desirous of
establishing peace and friendship"
Aar Isr declares 'that the said treaty Of ho,siou all
nents and purposes fun force and binding upon the said
as IN all oiser respsefs et4Srsr" $3.50
Agr I'd puales that the boundaries shall bo asceriane
and marked. whenever lc Che.Okees shall have ninety days
notice.
The United States oyince their justice by amply
compensatng the said Cherokee Nation of Indians Cor re
quhmen OF land" made by the treaty of HoPeyr aud the
treaty Of Hol''o give the CheToSee lieu Of fnn
annual payments, 5000 year in goods
ARr. The Cherokees gree that $50 shall he del ctd
ir annuity for eyey horse stolen by any OF el people o
AsEs rhesc articles to he additions to the nsa'y
II has appeared, in tho course of this discussion
that the treaty with the Creeks in 1870 the ba-
sis OF the treaty Of Holston in 1891. This
irmed IN 1892, and again, expressly and SoemRly IN
1894. Thus we have'four distinct documents, which
received the appreciation of General Washington, and
his cabinet, all agreeing the principles, and
all ratified by the Senate OF tho United States Sew
erl other treaties, in which the same principles were
involved, formed with other tribes OF Indians
during the administration. In OF these
the United States engage. that they 'toW nerer ca'H
The lands reserved To the Indians; but that the lndi
Ems shall have the free and enjoyment thereof
until they choose to sell the same To the People OF
the United States
FIFTH TREATY, OR TREATY OF TELLICO.
This treaty signed smear Tellico, on Chero-
Aee Ground Oct ., 1898, by Thomas Butler and
George Walton, Commissioners of The United States.
and thiry-nne Cherokee Chiefs and Warriors, in the
presence Of Silas Dinsmoor, Agent of the United
States among the CheTokees, and thirteen other u
ncEses, among whom the late Mr.. Charles Hicks,
Who acted rs Interpreter on the occasion.
The treaty begins with long preamble stating The Esss
justice Cherokee Nation o., and iu order e.
promote ne interest and SAFETY Of the said States"
aRE- ! rcare renewed and declared perpetual
Art 2 The treaties subsng between parties in full
force; together lrh The usage
qDeefre articles and so 10 continue"
Arr Limits 10 lenain tic same wh,re altered by
present treaty"
ART The Cherokee Nation 'do h.reby rnq,st and cede
10 me United state all the lands within the following points and
mes Here follows boundary by which considerable dis
States
Arm s. The line described ia the treaty be marked mme
urea IRE United States and ne Cherotee Nation"
States agree pay 5000 on signing and 900 annually
addition to the previous stpuaton az this kind; dUW
FOREVER, made and contained forJner tr,atls"
Arr. road granted by "ihc Cherokee Nation"
small corner of their country the citizens United
States and in consideration OF this grant, Cneo&ces
he permitted to hunt and take game upon 9uS-
ed and ceted by this treaty. until Settlements shall maze
Arr Due given Of the payment Of , annual
sOnable number Of Cheokees who shall assemble ese
. casinns
AR. 0. Horses stolen from CheroEess by whites paid
for By the United States and horses stolen from whites Cher.
Arr 10 The Agent of the United States residing anon, the
Cherokees TO have sufficient piece Of ground allotted for his
Lastly this treaty che carried into effect sides
NTH oil good faith"
The ratified after by President Adams and
the Senate Of the United States.
a few remarks on this treaty may not be Improper
The words cede, Hati0n. md guaranty, arc used in
the same senses here as in tho treaty Of lIolston,
seven years before. During the interval, the Gov
eminent of the United States had been frequently
employed in making treaties with numerous tribes of
lndans and is safe to say that in period of our
national history, the meaning of public docu-
ments moro thoroughly weighed or the tendency and
ultimate effect Of public more seriously con-
sidered; and the world may be challenged TO produce
example of the administration Of Government
over an extensive territory, and over people i'm new
various, and complicated relations, in which fewer
mistakes, either theoretical practical, were made
than during the administration Of Gen. Washington.
The parties we're careful Of the inyolability and
integrity Of the Cherokee territory, that the use Of
short road. in The Northern extremity of that terrific
~, NOW in the State Of Kentucky) at great dis
lance from the actual residence Of the Chcrokees
generally, made the ground Of n solemn treaty
stipulation, and an equivalent given fer il. Nay
more, the Agent Of the United States residing among
The Cherokees TO distribute the annual payments 10
encourage tho natives in agriculture and manufac-
tue9, andto execute the treites in other respects,
could moi claim even the bc7pOrHry OF land for
garden, COW pasture. till this small Convenience
was allowed him by treaty.
The United States not only acknowledge frmor
treaties, and declare them 90 he in foil force but "thc
on"Tc''on dnd uslge under their respective articles"
afc ackno"cdged, ratified, and declared 90 be- the
fuo - l'Gre usage end cons,rIc Jon. This is
very r.uble provision; snd wa doubtless odoptod
10 1ir"t 'ae Chcrotees in regard 20 encroaclJncnfs
ieaied from the United States. The construction
"Dd usage Un"cr Tie pFoylous trooies can be proved
az tins day, by living Witnesses and nv puhlic mr.
clVes. 70 have cndcI InVAriahv 10 TT. ,r,. nj.