Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1829-08-04

great advantages ~ manllct,Ires. Nor .rs 81,
H., iieI u hSef Numbers and more album
oaAt capital are also lLeey to be accompanied nv
greater skill, more various and iuur,,voJ So, :
cn'nery, and the advantag es Ola greater s,h;;;
81 cihFoyinents Two countries therefore ,bus dis
lerehtly circumstanced ortwo portions of The S,r
country, may exchange raw products for ,n,n,,r
lures, and both be gaiuers By the EXCHANGE
but 1t must not be forgotten that the ,errc, of
p!ol ".tehuiig s''ch commerce. and the extern, to
Which 1t may be carried with aiIs proil at ali
depend not only upon the different degrees ot al ,
Vahccnrht OF each nation IN numbers and canit,I
out also OF their distance from each oll,er ON The VAL
Tic compared with the bulk of each pa i,.uI,r
OF 'raiic-aud OH the exemption of the trade from
nnrtiIens and restrictions notifications of ,nv nf
which may he sufficient 10 counter balancc the oJ,an
tageS arising from greater cheapncss of labour or
cuPNai' an-inay have the sale effect on this inter
change OF commodities as a rise. Ia, the nri,, f To-
pour IN one country, or fail OF it in the other The
same extent OF transportation which would add not
oc IMAM ten per cent TO the price Of tobacco might
naice tlat OF Hour twenty per cent, of Indian corn
iity orsixfy and that Of hay, more than hundred
per cent. 80 1t may cost i.n to convey .,iyen
value, IN silks or lnusis thousand miles than the
same value III blankets sail cloth fGv It is, a.
quaily clear that whatever NAV be- the nluceunnt.
10 TWO countries to trade they may be counIeracted
ny the dues ana OTHER Restrictions imio sed on the
commerce by their respective governments.
notwithstanding our distance from Europe sucl
is The difference IN the natural prices of labour and
raw produce IN the two countries, that we have car
RED on profitable trade with the maritime hations
"a contlhent, by selling trlm tobacco
OF late years, cotton, and receiving from them es-
pecaiiy Great Britain, the products of their looms
their po'tcres, furnaces and Workshops. The dis
lance however IN iucreasingSthe expense of trans
portation, has always made il advantageous to us 10
supply ourselves with many aticles of manufacture
such as hats, shoes coarse cEtng, household fufni-
ture, and every species Of iartling utensils.
But this trade, once beneficial to both Countries
kas long ceasedto yield its former profits 81 il
to be seen how the change has affected the price
pour IN TINS country We Will notice our CHEF arti-s
Giles of export in succession.
Our ibreadstuifs of which we have great, and
increasing Surplus, have sometimes been profitable
articles oteXport and sometimes not In most parts of
Europe, the prices of wheat except in times of
city, are not such deray the cost of
ion. 10 England, howeyeE, owingto the high phi
ce raw produce tine effect OF It's great wealth
qua ociSc Upu!atlonl the eX sort was commonly prof
l'aoie under the disadvantages of a heavy duty. But
after the peace of 1916 the land owners of that coun
try, VINO hare great INFLUENCE III its councils, pro-
cared the exclusion ottLrein grain from their ports
Tor Lie sasc or raising he price ofcorn home.
Thus deprived OF what was formerly the most ex-
teiSVe market for OF our chief icies of export
and finding no new vents, except to a small extent,
IN Spanish America its Spice has fallen i'll proper
ton, and with 1t has defined the value of the land
and ia6our IN the large district in which wheat is cul
tivatcd. This policy of Great Britain in relation to
gram has indeed been lately modified so as to sub
stitute heavy duty for prohibition hut the duty be-
ing SO resulatedas to increase the market price
OF corn dninishcs, itzwi ordinary years. be sult-
the effect of prohibition.
Although the importation oftobacco has been for
hidden altogether, by European nation it is eve
ry where subjected to heavy duties and other resric
TONS by which its consumption is greatly diminished
Ihus Great Britain imposes aduty it of about SIN
ty SIX cents aponnd the effect of which is lessen
the consumption, probably. one half: and France lin
Its the quantity that may be imported to much small
er proportion of what her people would purchase
and pay heavy duty for, if the present restriction
were removed,
10 r,;cl..,> 4 I,., I
restraints and Encouragement whatever in Europe in
consequence OF its furnishing, beyond any other com
modify, the materials of profitable employment to the
class; but other circumstance have CON
Cured to increase the quantity brought into market
still faster than the demand Increasing that also has
been, and 10 produce the same depression OF price
that has taken place IN other staples. First It's
culture has been substituted in some parts of the
country for that of wheat and tobacco when the lat
ter had ceased 20 be profitable. This change has
taken place to Il great extent in the southern and
eastern parts of Virginia, well i'll North Caro-
lima and Tennessee. Probably more than fifty thou
sand bales i'll year find their first market in
Richmond and Petersburg, where, until lately there
not single bale. Secondly. Its culture has
also increased III other countries, III Brazil and
Egypt. Thirdly But principally, by reason of the
great emgratIos which have taken place from other
parts OF the Union TO the cotton growing states of
Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana III consequence
of this increased cultivation of cotton i'll the United
tates, the quantity which, from 1902 to 1906 aver
aged one hundred 81 fourteen thousand bales wear
from 1928 to 1929, averaged four hundred and thirty
seven thousand bales having thus almost quadrUped
i'll twenty five years. The excess would probably
have been much greater If the quantity consumed in
the United States and exported TO France and other
countries had not increased in the same period in
much greater proportion. BY the united operation
of these untoward circumstances the cultivation of
cotton mas, for several years past been not more pro-
6tabe than that of wheat and tobacco: nor indeed
could it ever be long otherwise, seeing the facility
WITH winch our citizens migrate to new climates and
pass from one employment to aEother, provided only
1t TO be agricultural
The causes that have been here assigned, for the
low prices which staple products have recently
borne, originating principally in the mistaken policy
of foreign nations, sonle persons may indulge the
hope that they will be temporary,--that they will
either yield to negotiation, To sOunder views of
political economy. But besides that such expecta
tons 9nwaranted by all past experience there is
cooperating cause which must not be overlooked
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