Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1828-12-25

only one IN New ..nglann whose aeoa'eS navy
been preserved. 3ut IL cannot be ooubied mat
the sentiment there expressed was common 70
the other States in that quarter, more especial
" 10 Connecticut and Rhode Island, the most
inickly peooled OF all The States, and having,
of course, their thoughts most turned 20 'the
subject Of manufactures. IKE inference
may be confidently applied to New Jersey
whose debates in Convention have not been
preserved. In ~. populous and manufacturing
s, a,c Of Pennsyy ania, partial account only OF
The debates having been published, nothing
certain is known Of what passed in her Cons
yen,ion on this point. Blu, ample evidence
NAV be found elsewhere, that regulations OF
trade. for the encouragement OF manufactures,
were considered as within the power 10 be
eran,ed 10 the new Congress, as well as within
the scope OF the national policy. or the States
South Of Pennsylvania, the only two IN whose
Conventions the debates have been preserved
are Virginia and North Carolina, and rom
these no adverse differences can he drawn Nor
is there the sigh,es, Indication that eiher OF
the two States farthest South, whose debates In
Convention, if preserved, have not been made
nublic. viewed he encouragement oil manufac
lures, as not Within the general power over
trade 10 be transferred 10 the Government oil the
United States
6. If Congress have not the power, II is an
initiated for the nation; policy without ex
ample in any other nation, and not within the
reason Of the solitary one III our own. ne
example alluded 10, is the prohibition OF YAK
on exports, which resulted from the apparent
impossibil,y Of raising in that mode, revenue
from the States, propor,ioned to The ability TO
paw 1.-THE ability Of some being derived, IN a
great measure, moi from their exports, but from
their Il ,hcres, from their treigh's, anG from
commerce a, large, in some oil is branches ais
together external to the United States; the pro-
frs from all watch, being invisible and in'an-
gibe, would escape tax, on exports. n 'px
on import, on the other hand, being tax
IN consumption, which is IN proportion Il"
the ability of the consumers, whencesoe,er de-
rived was free from that inequality.
7. If revenue be The sole ohj,c' OF legitl'
mate jmpost, and he encouragement OF tomrs-
tic articles be not within the power of regulat-
ing trade, it would follow that no monopclizing
or ureuual regulations OF foreign nations could
be toun,eracled; that neither the s;a2r articles
of subsistence, nor the essential implements Tor
the public safety, could, under any ciIcums' anc.
es. be insured ar fnstered at home, by regula>
lions of commerce, the usual and most oon'e-
MEN, mode Of providing for both, and that the
American navigation, though the source oil
naval defence, Of cheapenHg competition in
CARRYING our valuable and bulky articles to
market, and Of an independent carri,ge OF them
during loreign wars, WHEN foreign navigation
might be Withdrawn, must be al once abandon
ed, or speedily destroyed: it being evident that
a tonnae, duty in f're;gn ports against our
vessels, and an exemption from such duty in
our poru, in favor Of foreign vessels, must have
the inc ti;ablc effect OF 5aDishing ours from the
ocean.
To assume power 10 project our naviga-
ton, and The cultivation and fabrication OF all
articles requisite for the public safety, as Incl
den, to The. war power would be more la'l'
Iudlnary construction Of the text Of the Consti
tuition, than to consider il as embraced by the
speci6cd power to regulate trade; power
which has been exercised by all nation, for
those purposes, and which effects those purpos-
rs with less Of interference with the authority
aud conYenicnoy Of he States, than might re-
suit from internal and direct modes OF encou-
ra ,sing the ar,icIes, any Of which modes would
BE- authorized, as far as deemed "necessary and
proper" ny considering the power as an incl
dental power.
g. That the announcement Of manu- fractures
was an ohiec; OF :he power 10 regulate trade, is
proved by the use made Of the power Tor that OBJ
Jet, in thr first session of the First Congress
under the Constitution; when among the mem
,ers present were SO many who had been MEM
,ers of ;hc Federal Convention wiiich framed
he Constitution, and OF The State Conventions
which ratified it.; each OF these classes consist
ny also of members who had opposed and who
rad espnused, tie Constitution in its actual
nrm 1t does not appear from the printed
Proceedings of Congress on that OCCASION, ha'
ne power was denied by any of them. And
may be remarked, that Members from Vir.
,inia, in particular, as well Of the an,i>federal
S the federal party, the names then distin-
gushing those who had opposed aud those who
ad approved the Constitutions did not hesitate 10
propose duties and 10 suggest even prohibitions
n ia, or Of several articles of her production.
BY one duty was proposed on mineral coal,
n favor Of the Virginia coal pits; by another, a
uty on hemp was proposed, to encourage the
.rnwth Of thar ar,'cIe; and by third, prohi
ion even offoreign beef was suggested, as
measure of sound policy. See Lloyd's De.
a'es
A further evidence in support Of the consti-
uiional mower tn Dro.ett and foster m anufaC-