Daily Richmond Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1828-1831, 1828-12-29

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! j. This, has been particularly tho case with Great
Britain whose commercial vocabulary Is the parent of
ours n ;lnary object of her commercial rcgula-
lions Is well known To have been the protection and
encouragement of her manufactures
| g. Such was understood TO be q propcr use of the
power by the States most prepared for manufacturing
industry, whilst returning thcpower their foreign
trade.
s. Such use ofthc power. by Congress-, occords
with the Intention and expect alton of the States, in
transferring the power trade from themselves to
the Government of tho u. States This was emphat.
really the case in the Eastern the more uan,fac,u-
ring Members of the Confederacy. Hear the IAN
guage held in the Convention of Massachusetts,.
i BY Mr.. Dawes, an advocate for the Constitution,
y was observed, "Our manufactures are another
greot subject which has received no cncoura cement
by national duties or foreign manufactures and they
never can by authority in the old Confederation
Again, AFT wish to encourage our or1, snenYfdc-
"turcs, to preserve own commerce, TO raise the
value OF our own lands, VIC must give Congress tho
powers in question"
1 BY MIR. Widgcry, opponent; "Al VIC hear is,
that the merchant and farmer will flourish and that
1.-THE mechanic and tradesnlan TO make their for
'tuncs directly, if the Constitution goes down."
The Convention of Massachusetts was the only one
IN New England whose debates have been preserved.
But cannot be doubted that the sentiment there en-
pressed was common to the other States in that quar-
ter more especially u Connecticut and Rhode Island
the most thlckly pcopled ct all the States and having
OF course, their Thoughts most turned the subject
applied toNew Jersey, whose debates Convention
have not been preserved. In the populous and man.
ufacturing State of Pennsylvania, partial account
only of the debates having been published. nothing
certain known of what passed in her Convention on
this point. But ample evidence may be found else
where. that regulations of trade. for the encourages,
ment OF manufactures considered as within tho
power to be granted TO the new Congress as well as
within the scope ofthe national policy. Osthc Sates
South OF Pennsyiya the only two in whose Con-
ventions the debates have been preserved are Virgin
Ia and North Carolina and from these no adverse IN
ferences can be drawn. Nor is there the sightes;
indication that either othc two States rthcst South
whose debates in Convention If preserved have NOT
been made public, viewed the encouragement 81 man
ufactures, within the general power over trade
to be transferred to the Government of the United
States.
o. u Congress have not the power, it is annihlatcd
for the nation; policy without example in any other
nation and not within the reason OF the solitary cn
In our own. The example alluded to- Is the prohibi-
ton or tax on exports, which resulted from the an.
parent mpossibilty of raising, il that mode rcve-
nue. from the States proportioed 20 the ability to pey
1.-THE ability ofsome being derived in great meas
ure, rot from their exports but from their fisheries
from their freights, and from commerce at large in
some of its branches altogetcrcxterna to the United
States the profits from all which, being invisible and
intangible, would escape tax on exports. tax on
imports on the other hand being tax on consumption
which Is IN proportion TO the ability of the consumer
wheaccSoever derived, free from that inequaitvr
T. Hrevsnue De the sole object Of legitimate I'M
post OF domestic articles be not
within the power OF regulating trade it would follow
that no monopoliZing unequal regulations offoreqn
nations could be counteracted that neither the STABLE
articles OF subsistence, the essential implements
Tor the publcssfety, could, under any circumstances
be insured or fostered at home by regulations of com
nerce, the usual and most convenient mode ofprovi
| ding for both; and that the American navigation
though the of naval defence of cheapeninr
competition in carrying our valuable and bulky arti-
cles TO market, and of an independent carriare of
them during foreign wars when foreign navigation
might be withdrawn must be at once abandoned or
speedily destroyed; 1t being evident that tonnage
duty III foreign ports against vessels and an ex-
;, eign vessels must have to inevitable cfc OF h. n
! lsnlng OURS fTUIn the ocean
! 10 assume power to protect our naviratou and
the cultivation and fabrication Of all articles renuisi,
for the public safety as incident to the y,or nou,o
would be more atitudlnary construction ofthe text
OF the Constitution, than TO consider il as embraced
| oy the specified power to regulate trade; a power
WINCH mas been exercised by ali nations for those Dur-
poses, and which effects those purposes with les Of
interference with the authority and convenience of
the States than might result from internal and drcc
mods OF encouraging the articles any of which modes
would DC authorised, far dcealed Unnecessary and
proper by considering the power as an incidental
power.
/ 8. That the. encouragement Of manufactures WIS
an OBJECT OF the power TO regulate trade is proved nv
me use made Of the power for that object In the first
"o'"u vi ue riTEt congress under the Constitutions
When among the members present were SO many vino
mad been members the Federal Convention which
framed the Constitution, and of the Stste Conyen
tons which ratified IL each ofthcse classes consisting
OF members who had opposed and who had espoused
the Constitution in its actual form. II doos not a.
pear from the printed proceedings of Congress on
,nat occasion, TINT the power denied by any of
them' And 1t may be remarked that Members from
virginia, IN u ttcular, well of the anti-G~eral ne
the federal party, the then Distinguishing those
who had opposed and those who had approved tbe Con
stutlon, Gid not hesitate to propose duties and IN
suggest even prohibitions III favor of several articles
Of her productions By one n dutv y,,s ,,-ond -
mineral coal, IN favor Of the Virginia coal pite: bv
dnothcr' duty on hemp was proposed, TO encour
age the growth Of that article; and by third. a pro-
even OF foreign beef was suggested, as I1ca-
sure OF sound policy. [Sce Loyds Dchatcs.
further eyidencei in support ofthe constitutional
power to protect and foster manufactures bv regnlo-
ongoi trade an evidence that ought itgclE to set
TIC The question. IS tho uniform and practical sanction
gwen 70 the power. by Tire Cerc-ol l,o-,or.,,,, g.