Phenix gazette. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1825-1833, 1828-12-27

trade, the rule Of reciprocity in favor of the
foreign party was no: refused, nor, as is be
lie, ed, right to refuse it pretended
1t cannot be said that the reciprocity was
dictated by d 6cienoy Of the commercial MAJ
rine France, a, least, could not be,in every
instance, governed hv that consideraion-an aud
Holland, still less. to say nothing OF The na'i-
eating States Of Sweden and Denmark, which
have rarely, ifever, enforced colonial mono
poly. The remark is, indeed, obvious, that the
shipping liberated from the usual conveyance
Of supplies from the parent country 10 me
colonies might BE- employed in the rev chan
nels opened for them, in supplies from abroad.
Recipi ocity, or an equivalent for II, IL the
onlv rule Of intercourse among independent
communities; and no NATION ough' 10 admit
doctrine, or adopt an iavariabe policy. which
would preclude the counleractiRg measures
necessary to enforce the rule.
.. The Theory supposes, moreover, perPe-
tn al reace supposilion, il is TO BE- feared, not
less chimercal than universal freedom oil
commerce.
The fife ct of war among the commercial and
manufac turing nations of the world, IN raising
the wages Of labor, and the cost Of its PRODUCES;
with like effect on the charges Of freight aud
insurance, eed neither proof nor explanation,
In order 10 determine, therefore, question oil
economy, between depending on foreign sup-
plies, and encouraging domestic substitutes, II
is necessary to compare the probable periods
Of war with the probable periods Of peace; and
the COS. of the domestic encnu, agsmrnt IN
times Of peace, with the cost added 10 foreign
articles in times OF war.
During the las, century, The periods of war
and peace have beeen nearly equal The effect
OF state Of war in RAISING the price Of import
H.. n,.,I ,,,h
IL is certain, however, thar the increased price
Of particular articles may make IL cheaper TO
manufacture them 3, home.
Taking, for the sake OF iu strarion, an equa-
lily in the two periods, and the cost Of al i'm
ported yard of cloth in line Of war to BE- nine
aud half dollars, and in time Of peace 20 b
seven dollars, whilst the same could at all times
be manufactured al home for eight dollars, il
is e,iden, that a tariff of one dollar and a quar-
ter on the imported yard would protect the
home manufacture in time Of peace, and avoid
a tax of one dollar and half impos, by
state OF war.
II cannotbe said hat he manufactures which
could not support themselves against foreign
in periods Of peace, would spring
up Of tn Tsrlyes al The recurrence OF war pric
es. Ii musI be obvious 10 every one, that, apart
from The difficulty of great and sudden changes
Of employment, TO pruden: capitalists would
engage in expensive establishments of anv sort,
at the commend emenl oil war Of uncertain do
ration, with u certainty Of having them crush
ed by the return OF peace.
The strictest economy therefore suggrstI, as
exec ptions to the general rule, an estimate, in
every given case, Of war and peace periods and
of a tariff which Nigh 5e afforded during
peace, in order 10 avoid the tax resulting from
war. And II will occur at once tina, the infer
ences will be strengthened by adding, TO the
supposition Of wars wholly foreign, that of
wars in which our own country might be a
pay.
). IL is an opinion in which all must agree.
tina no nation ought 10 be unnecessarily drprn.
dent on others for the munitions of public de
fence, or Tor the materials essential to a naval
force, where the nation has a maritime frontier
or a foreign commerce to protect 10 this
class ot exceptions 10 the theory may b. added
- tAe instruments of agriculture, and of the
mechanic arts which supply The other primary
wants ot the community The time has been
" hen many Of these were derived from for
eign source, aud some of them might relapse
ia,o that dependence, were tire enc oura,.ement
tn he Fabrication of them at home Withdrawn.
But, as all foreign sources must br Ii ,hl, TO in
'srrup'ions 100 inr onvenient to br hazarded, =
providen, policy would favor an Internal and
Independent source, as a reasonable execution
to the general rule Of consulting cheapnes,
alone.
4. There are cases where nation NAV be so !
lar advanced IN the prerequisites for parucu
branch OF msnulaci that this, il once |
Brought into existence, would support i,s,l |
and yet, unless aided in its Lascent and infan, |
state, by public enco"rageme Mt and confidence
IN pubic protection, nigh, remsin, if mol alto
sether, Tor a long time uninterrupted, or attempt
I'd Without success. Is no, our cotton manu-
|aoture fair exampir? However favored hv
a. advantageous commend Of ghr raw material
aud machinery which di>penscs in so ezra
ordinary proportion with manual labor, il Is
quite probsble, that without the impulse given
BY war cutting off foreign supplies, and the
patronage OF an early tariff, it nigh, no. even
get have established ITSELF and pretty certain.
hat ii would be far short Of the prosperous
,ondi,ion which enables it TO face. in foreign
markets, the fabrics Of nation tha, d. fies all
'tner competitors. The number mus, be small
han would now pronounce this manufacturing