Literary cadet and Rhode-Island statesman. [volume] (Providence, R.I.) 1827-1829, 1828-12-06

c..uniry, no power To counleract the bias Of
this foreign legislation that the growers Of
gram must submit to this exclusion from tho
foreign markets Of their produce, that the
shippers Must dismonils their ships, the trade
Of The North stsgnais q, the. wharses. and the
manufacturer starye nj their looms, while the
whole people shall pay tribute to foreign in
dusiry 10 be clad in a foreign garb; that the
Congress OF the Union are impoient 10 restore
the balance in favor Of native industry, destroy
ed by the statutes Of another realm! More
just and more generous sentiments, will, I trust
prevail. 1.-THE tariff adopted at the last sess-
ion Of Congress shall! be found by experience
TO hear oppressively upon the interest Of any
one section OF our Union, il ought to be, and l
cannot doubt will be, SO modified as to %allevi-
ate its burden. To the voice Of just complaint
from any portion oftheir constituents, the Re-
personalities OF the States and People will ne
yer turn AWAY their ears. But so long as the
duty Of the foreign shall operate only as q
bounty upon the domestic unbelievable the
planter, and the merchant. and the shepherd,
and The husbandman, shall be found thriving in
their occupations under the duties imposed for
the protection Of domestic manufa %ctures, they
will not repine nj The prosperity shared wi'h
by their fellow ~cifigens Of other pro-
LESSONS, nor denomce az violations Of the
Constitution, the deliberate acts Of Congress
to shield from The wrongs Of foreign laws the
native industry Of the Union. While the ia
riff Of the last session % Congress was a sub
jet Of legislative delibcrafion. It was foretold
by some Of its opposers that one Of its necess-
airy const quences would be 20 impa r tie rev.
enue. 1t IS yet too soon to pronounce, with
that this prediction was erroneous.
obstruction Of one revenue of trade not IN
(rnnpnplIu IN scn.,a tn ,pIhA Tl,a
consequence of The tariff will be 10 Increase
The expectation, and TO diminish the i,nporta-
ton Of some specific articles But, by the
general law Of trade, the increase Of exporta-
ton OF ore article will he followed BY an in
importation Of others, the duties upon
which will supply the deficiencies, which the
diminished importation would otherwise occa-
SION. The effcc: Of taxation upon revenue can
seldom DO forcseen with certainty. 1t must
abide the test Of experience. As yet no symp-
OF diminution are percepiible in the re-
ceipts of tho treasury.-As yet, little addition
OF cost has even been experienced upon the
articles burthcned with heavier duties by the
tariff. The domestic manufa cturer sup
Plies the same or a kindred article at a dimin-
ished price, and the consumer pays ,be same
tribute 10 the labour Of his own countrymen,
he must otherwise havo paid to foreign
and toll.
The tar fof the last session was, in its de-
tale, MOI acceptable 10 the groat interests Of
any portion Of The Union, not even TO the in
icrest which it was specially intended TO sub
lis object was 10 ba ance the burdens
upon native industry imposed by the operation
Of foreign laws; but not 10 aggregate the bur-
dens Of one section of the Union by the relief
TO another. To the great principle
an ucfInnpd nv that MT m oGfhoaa ltnnu .vhi,h
the Constitution itself was formed, l hope and
trust the authorities Of the Union will adhere.
But If any Of The dulies imposed by the act only
relieve the manufacture by aggrava'ing the
burden Of the planter, let a careful revisal of
It's provisions, enlightened by the practical
experience oil its effects, be directed TO retain
those which impart protection to ma i've indus
and remove or supply tho place Of those
only alleviate one great national inter-
est by the depression Of another.
TIE United States Of America, and the poo
pie Of every State of which they are composed,
are each Of them Sovereign Powers. The leg
islative authority Of the whole is exercised by
Congress under authority granted them in the
Constitution. The legislative power Of
each State is exercised by assemblies deriving
their authority from the Constitution OF the
State. Each is sovereign within its own pro-
The distribution Of power between
them presupposes that these authorities will
move in harmony with each other The mem.
Of the Stale and General Governments are
under oath TO support both, and allegiance
is due to the one and to the other. The case
Of u conflict between these two powers has not
been supposed; nor has any provision been
made for it IN our institutions; as a %virtuous ma
ton of ancient times existed more than FIVE CEN
turtles without a law Tor tho punishment Of par
More than once, however, in the progress Of
our history, have tho people and theeLegisla-
lures of one or more States, in moments Of ex-
been ins'igated TO this conflict, aud
he means Of effccting this impulse have been
allegations that the acts of Congress 10 be re-
sis,e cd were unconstttu tionaL.-The people Of
no one State have ever delegated to their Leg
the power Of pronouncing an oct Of
Congress unconstitutional; but they have dele
gated to them powers, by the exercise Of which
he execution. OF the awe of Congress within the
States may be resisted. If we suppose the case
Of such conflicting legislation sustained by the
corresponding Executive aud Judicial au,hori.
tics. Patriotism and Philanth,o phy turn their
eyes from the condition in which the parties
would be placed, and from that Of the people Of
both, which must be its victims.
The Reports from The Secretary Of War, ard
from the various subordinate Offices of the re-
sort of that Department, present an exposition
of the public administration of affairs connected
with Them through The course Of the current year.
The present State of the army, and the dislri-
button Of tho force Of (which il Is composed, will
be seen from the Report Of tho MAJOR General.
Several alterations in the disposal Of the troops
have been found expedient in the course Of the
year, and the discipline Of the army, though no,
free from exception, has been general
ly good.
Tit attention of Congress is particularly in
vited. to tina, part Of the Report Of the Secre-
tary Of War, which concerns the existing sys-
tenn of our relations with the West Indian tribes.
he establishment Of the Federal Govern
ment. under the present constitution Of the
States the nrincinle was sdonfed orco,