The Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1822-1829, 1828-12-08

iAfE5 W. - AAF4f ~
4. tee sell praieriinx tie,gy OF tis es.,on ~
t,~lplrss ,lIat ,i,eie Exists IN the polincsi ,nshn-
tons "a oui country, 40 por"r 70 cohn'rfFe' We
b,s. of this foreign Iegisistfpn I that 'iif growers
of . rain n,,st s,ibunu to tb,s eIci"s'on ifoln the
t., .,sn markets OF their 20 o,ucr tina. s't si,'p'
u.t. must drulan,le tbe.r sI,ips, tie itnnc OF me
nnrin s,sgnnte III the whnrves. aud Tie ,naiu-
t.,tarr,, sta se -, ihrir loVms, While The winnie
n-ople shall pny The 4, Ibuie 10 foreign .nhustiy
10 be clad IA the foreign gstb : shai lie congress
of the Union are lipoieni 10 resiore lie bnianee
~ IsYor Of native Industry destroyed ~ .he sta
,ai.s of another realm J. More jusi and more
generous s~ent,menis, will. | trust. prevail. "
The iarid adopted al the last sessio.' oi Sonsress
should be lound by experience 10 bear Cypress
iYeiy upou che 'nIerts,s Of any one scei'o" u
the Union, II ought To he, aud cannot uouot
will be. 20 lnodi6 ii as to alleviate lis BURDEN
To the voice OF just complain I'M from any portion
of their constituents, tn. Representatives OF tile
States aud People viii never runaway Their
ears. But 50 long asdoly oitne foreign sfa upei-
a,t only as = bounty npon the domestic article
while he planter. mud The merchant. and the
shepherd, ana the husbandman, shall be ionnd
Tia lsiug IN their occupations under Tie duii,s I'M
posed ioT tue protection oi dOinesilc maiiniaciu-
rers, they Will not ,rplne stthe prosperity shar-
ed with Themselves by their iello"-cibzTns OF o.
tier professions, .ior denounce, as VIOLATIONS OF
the Constitution the deliberate Scie OF Congress,
to shield from thr wrongs VI iofeIgn laws Tue
native industry oflhe Union. While the tariff
OF the last session OF Cnugtess wasa subject Of
legislative ,lelI1rrali,n, it was foretold by sr,ns
offs opposeis thai orr of IT'S necessary con
sequences would be to ,mpair ibe revenue. II
is loo soon to pronounce, with conhdenee, tint
tins prediction Wis ell oneons.-Ihe obstfucti0n
of one avenue OF trade not frequently opens an
issue 10 another. The conseqd nice OF the tariff
will be TO increase the e.por,at'on. aud 10 dim't-
18Th the importation oi sumo specific ai tIcles. But
by the general la" OF trade, the increase Of ex.
portation Of QUE article will be followed by an
increased unprecedented Others, the duties upon
which, Ill supply the DEFICIENCIES, which ,he dt-
mi nished importation would otherwise occasion.
The effect Vt tn xation upon revenue can seldUn
be ioreseeu with certainty. II must abide the
test vi rxpefience. A. YET no sy mptcms 81 di-
minmIon are percrp,ble in the receipts vi The
Treasury Ar yet, little addition oi cost mas
been experienced upon the articles burth-
ened with heavier dnlies by the last tariff. The
domestic manufacturer supplies tile same or a
kindred article NJ n diminished price, and the
consumer pays he sa,ne tribute 10 the lnbour ot
his own country men, which he must otherwise
nave paid 10 foreign industry and toll.
The tariff Of the last session was, IN its details
not acceptable TO the great interests al ANY pot-
ton OF The Union, not even TO the interests
which Il " as specially Intended to subser,e. Its
Object was TO balance the burdens upon native
industry imposed by the operation of foreign
laws but not to aggravate the burdens OF one
section OF the Unipp by the relief afforded to an
other TO the great principle sanctioned by
TINT act. one Of those u !ou which the CJnsti,u-
lion i,s"ii was formed I hope and trust tbs
authorities OF the Union vii adhere But IL
aay OF the duties Imposed by the act only re
I'-se the manufactured by ssgravsttn5 the
burden Of the planter. let n careful reSisri OF It's
provisions, Enlightened ny the practical ex-
periencc oil its effects, be directed to retain those
which impnit protection 10 nntivc indnstry, aud
nmoye ur supply TIN placr Of those which only
alleviate oap great NATIONAL interest by the de-
preston OF another.
The United States of Amcri, a, and the People
of every State of which they are composed, are
each OF the II Sovereign Powers. Tie lesisla-
tive authority of thr whole is exercised by Con-
gre,s under authority Rran'ed them in the COM
mon Constitution. The legislative power VI
each State is exercised by assemblies deriving
their authority from the Constitution Of the
State. Each is sovereign within its own pro-
vince. The distribution OF power between Them
presunposes tina. tnese.sutloI l.es will move in
harmony with each other. The mem'lers oil the
State aud General Governments are all under
oath 10 support both, Bnd allegiance Is due To
the one aud TO the other. The case OF a conflict
between these two powers has not been suppos-
ell nor hns aHy-prbpision been made for II IN
our institutions MS n yiriuo6s Nation OF ancient
times 81 listed snofe than iIru-esaturirs without n
law for the punishment OF parricrlc.
More than once, however, III The progress Of
our history. have the People and the Leg lsla-
lures of one OF moi States, in moments OF ex-
element. heen Instigated 10. the conflict and
the means OF eff citing This impulse have been al
legations that the ac,saof Congress to- he resisted
~tre unconstitutional. The People Of no one
Stat. have ever deli gated 10 their Legislature
the power of pronouncing an net of Congress
unconstitutional bn, they have delegated to
them powers. by the exercise of which the exc
cution OF the laws oil Congress within. The State
NAV be resisted. II We suppose the case Of such
conflicting legislation sustained. by the cores
%pondhne Executive and Judicial authorities, Pat
rlotism aud Philanthropy turn their eyes from
the condition in which the parties would be pla,
| ced, and from TINT of the people OF both, which
must be its victims.
The Reports from the Secretary of War. and
from the various subordinate offices of the resort
Of that Department, present all exposition Of the
public niStfht,oN ol RNafrS connected win
them, through The course OF the cure nt year.
The present state Of t,e army, and The distribu-
ton Of the force Of which Il ~ composed, i'll he
seen from the Report of the Major General. Sc
vrral alterations in the disposals Of the troops
have been found exped'ent in the course Of the
yenr, and tie discipline OF the army, though not
entirely free from exception, has been generally
good.
The attention of Congress is particularly invi-
ted TO that part ofthe Report ofihr Secretary OF
War which concerns the existing system Of our
relations with the Indian tribes. Al the estab.
lishment of the federal Government, under the
present Constitution Of the United States, the
principle was adopted Of considering them as
foreign aud independent powers; aud also as
propr,e,ors of lsads. rseyY were. moreover,
considered rs sasages, whom it was our policy
and our duty To use our lnauence in converting
TO Chris'iani,y, and in bringing within the pale
OF civilization.
As independent powers, we negotiated with
! them Inv treaties An nrnprieI1ta xn turclo,.I