The Litchfield County post., 1827-04-12


 on the Caspian Sea. This treaty was made at GoOlstan in Karabaugh, and hopes were held out, that upon an appeal to the Emperor, apart Ofthe provinces would be restored and to effect this object England promised her good offices. But when the Persian embassy appeared at St. Petersburgh, although backed by the strenuous eXertions of Lord Cathcart then Ambassador to Russia, Alexander was found inexorable, and peremptorily refused to give back single inch of Persian soil. It was at length, however, agreed, that Gen. Yerma- IOf, who was then appointed Ambassador to Persia and Governor of Georgia, might dis cuss the matter when he arrived at the Per sian court. It is not, however, to be suppo- sed that the minister would yield what it was evident his sovereign had determined to keep. Nothing of course was done to appease the mortified Persians, and Gen. YermalofF re- turned to his government in Georgia, leaving Charge des Affairs. who was directed by the Shah to station himself at the Court of Abbas Mirza, the Prince Royal, whose claims to the throne Russia had engaged to support against all competitors whatever. Commis- sloncrs were then appointed to ascertain and define the boundary between the two nations according to the treaty of ofGoolistan.
 It may now be worth while to digress a lit- tie, in order to show what part was taken by Bonaparte during these transactions, who, it may easily be imagined, was not an inactive spectator, when war, conquests and kingdoms were concerned.
 There was no precise and defined connection between England and Persia until the mission of Sir John Malcolm to Tehran, in 1900, when political and commercial treaties were concluded, by which the Persians agreed to attack the Afghans, who then threatened the British possessions in India, and to exclude the French from the Gulf of Persia. But in 1905. Persia being hard pushed by Russia, and the Shah dazzled by the military renown ofBonoparte, applied to him for assistance.- M. Jaubert was immediately sent to Tehran to ascertain the state of things; he returned m l8O6, accompanied by MIrza Reza, on a special embassy. Mirza Reza saw Napoleon at Tilsit, and there concluded with him trea fy,whlch was formerly ratified at Finkenstein. m May, 1907. About the same time Persia sent mission to the British Government in India, to ask assistance, but the application was unsuccessful, and Persia then threw her. self into the arms of France.
 Bonaparte was as desrOus as Russia to sc- cure footing in Asia, having the additional stimulus ofthereby being enabled to menace the British possessions in the East. General Gardanne was charged with mission, and great number of presents, to the Shah, which, together with the failure of the application to the English, secured Gardanne splendid re- ceptlon at Tehran. and established for a time the supremacy of the Bonapartean power- England, at length, saw the error, which the combined effects of the death of Mir. Pitt the short, desuItory, and unsatisfactory reign ofMr. Fox and the Whig ministry-and sub sequentay, the uncertain state of the British relations with Russia, and the unwngness to do any thing that might turn the waverng policy of the latter towards France-had indu- ced her to commit. Sir Hartford Jones was accordingly sent to Persia in 1908, for the purpose Ofrestoring the old relations, and then began the competition between England and France for ascendancy in the councils of Per sia. From that moment may be dated the connexion of Persia with Europe, which has continued ever since, is still augmenting, and recent events clothe 1t with an aspect of ten fold importance.
 Nothing could equal the anxiety now felt, both in England and India for the result of this diplomatic contest. Europe lay pros trate at the feet of the usurper-the insurrec- tion in Spain was of doubtful character, and uncertain in its probable result-the spirit of South American Independence was only in it's bud-the United States were hostile, and Britain now saw her implacable enemy flush ed with victory and revelling in power, paving the way for wrestling from her, her empire in the East. It was trying moment-the dar- kest perhaps in heT history-but her good genius prevailed. A government of laws and religion, and nation of benefactors to the human race, were not destined by the Su- preme Dsposer of events, to crush beneath an unbridied desPot, whose power, notwith- standing his prodigious talents, sprung from infdelity and the guillotine.
 To assist Sir Hartford Jones, a mission of the greatest splcndor was despatched from India, accompanied by presents of the most costly description, and furnished with exten- sive powers. The result was most triumph ant for the British interests. The French in- fuence was completely supplanted, and that of the British re-established in its stead. A Persian Ambassador speedily arrived in Eng land, accompanied, we believe, by Sir George Ousely, with preliminary treaty, which be- ing duly ratified, defnitive treaty was af- rewards made and concluded, and immense presents again lavished on the Shah and his courtiers, to keep alive the friendly feelings thus happily created.
 Itwas under this treaty that England first paid Persia subsidy. 100000 tomans was the sum fixed upon for this purpose, and was to be paid during the continuance of the