American watchman and Delaware advertiser. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1822-1828, 1825-08-09

,be port of shipment reduced the averaged expen
dlure of transportation from 10000, TO 3Oot In
England at all the coal aud manufacturing DISTRICTS
rail. WAYS are employed for facilitating and eccno
missing all the operations
| Having stated the distance from Wilmington to
Lancaster to be about 46 miles, we shall proceed 10
anew the difference in the cost oil transportation
between the present mode and that OF rail way.
Two and quarter days will be required for load
ed wagon to travel 46 miles. A wagon with five
horses will carry Is bushels OF wheat, equal to 90
bbls of -FOUR (and this it is believed is beyond the
usual load) which at IS per day, for 81 days, is
81l s5, feed for driver, tolls sc, Sl,75, equals
$500, or nearly 60 cts. per bushel. On railway,
FIVE horses will draw fifty tons, and ten barrels are
about equal to ION in weight; of course, five
horses will draw 500 bbs., and perhaps too with
greater facility and less actual labor than the same
number Of horses now draw 90 b5ls Not to be
extravagant in relation to the saving OF time, We
will allow two days from Lancaster TO Wilmington
on the rail way two dollars per day for each horse
and his driver makes twenty dollars; toll, one dol
lar for each horse, is five dollars, making in the
whole twenty five dollars for the transportation of 500
bbs or FIVE per Dbl, leaving SIS cts per bbl,
saved On al! other articles the amount saved will
be in the ratio wheat can be delivered al the
Brandywine mills for one cent per bushe; whereas
it now costs Is 90. Allho' the advantages appear
so great the carriage of the heavier articles yet
are attanable for when load comprises large
bulk in proportion to its weight ii can be conveyed
with so much greater celebrity, that the very saving
in time is equal to handsome per centage of pro-
fit.
This is subject peculiarly important to the in
habitants OF Elkton and Chris,ans Bridge from
changes that have taken place in the current OF
transportation, both those towns have lost much OF
the importance they once enjoyed, and they are
threatened still further with depreciation OF the
little trade left there for when the Chesapeake and
Delaware Canal shall have been completed It will
draw to itself all The transportation between the two
Bays. Where the of trade is once settled
it is difficult to change it, This canal will not be
completed for three four years, unless it should
be prosecuted re ulary than has yet been the
case; hence there is time sufficient TO finish
double railway between the waters OF the Chesa
peake at Elkton, and those Of the Delaware at or
near Wilmington, as we'll as to clear out the Elk
river from the town TO the Bay, and TO establish
course of trade that cannot be deserted by any ad
yan,ages that the canal can Offer Delay is danger
Gus. LIE, surveys be made at once by competent
Engineers, and plans and estimates laid down. Does
any one doubt that capital be raised for such an
Improvement LIE, him look to the eastward, where
4 every new scheme for the employment OF capital,
whether il be new Banks, Insurance Offices, Canals,
what beside is burdened with three or four times
the amount OF subscription necessary. II this ca
pal cannot find employment there, 1t will travel
south If it can find an object If it does find occu-
patton at home, the enterprise that IT will create,
will shed its wholesome influence upon US, awake
from our lethargy and shall be able TO get as
much money as we want. fULlON.
Eptract Of a letter from one Of the Proprietors
Of the ". Z. Daily -aarertiser. noU in London.
With regard to the roads in England, they are
so fine that person may travel with less fatigue
the distance Of 900 miles than 80 in America. The
! McAdam system is spoken OF in the highest terms.
! in travelling from Liverpool TO London, had OPP
porunity to see the manner in which the roads are
made. What we call in New York, paving stone,
are termed pebbles in England and it was Of peb-
bles that the roads formerly made, and al
though these stones laid with great exactness,
yet they made but rough roads compared with the
present roads: they McAdamized. The plan
/ Of Matchmaking is this. The old pavements are
taken up and the stone broken into pieces from the
size Of black walnut to that of mems egg. This
done by placing the stone in small heaps, before
each OF which sits or stout boy with ham
mer shaped like pick axe, but made light so as to
be used with or both hands, with long handle
10 enable the breaker TO have the full sweep or play
nf his arm. The stone thus broken are put IN
heaps at convenient distances all along the road &c
be used fer making up and repairing them The
stone broken as above described are laid to the depth
Of 10 or 10 inches, and although for awhile present
rough surface to travel over, yet they soon De
Il come ground down and imbedded, and whenever q
tut is made any part presents an uneven surface
more stone is added until the whole assumes ar
even surface, and becoming almost as harn and az
smooth as a rock. Frequent rains prevent mucl
dust from arising The same plan has been pnrsuet
with some of the retired streets in Liverpool Lon
don &c. but am clearly of opinion tina, these roads
would not answer in the business parts OF com
rnercial town. where the constant passing OF heavily