Constitutional Whig. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1824-1832, 1825-12-20
Translated for the National Journal.
NIGHTS. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

RIGHTS. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY.
To America aud Greece rights opposed the question
then isNhat is RIGHT, and its different foms: What is
the end of all in the universe? Man. All rights
from. and have relation him: He, then, s the primary
right, and all else is secondary subject TO the notifications
esteemed proper by these Interested, aE made the forms
agreed to by them. These differ in all human associatonS
which, as they require order, forms necessary their MAIN
tenance are adopted. These forms should be stable with
out being inscxibe; FOR instability and nexiby equally
destroy order which demanded for the good of social
man Every thing gravitates and returns To him; he both
commences and closes the circle The right Of man, that
Of humanity, is therefore, superior all other rights
We will inquire this primary light has beGn violated
History teaches that almost all revolutions have been pro-
duced by such violations and by reuSals amend them
When Germany wished To withdraw from her Obedience
to hoe she complained of the extent and severity 0 her
oppression She published a of her grievances
aud the celebrated formal expose of her ce grOrdma
England dd the same when pressed by the of the
Iudors She claimed the right and contendng for it, she
secured it by final aud fortunate contest. If it
otherwise we would I've compelled to say that the primary
should yield to the secondary right and that should
yield TO the conventions among These made for
the good of man whatever therefore, opposes this end
give place to what promotes il Happily, these cases are
rare, Tor they suppose extreme circumstances In the pre-
sent discussion, the d anction between primary and
secondary rights be established regard America and
Greece the necessary consequences will he admitted with
the same readiness in asonings from kno-fu principles
AMERIcA.-Rights Of SPGin.-What is America? An
immense country, separated great distance from Eu-
rope, and Spain aud infinitely more extensive than this
last and richer and abundant in all the sources of
prosperity as America made for SPAIN So was Spair
Tor America Had Spain rights over America So
had America Spain What them are the rirb,s of
SPAN over American Those force, clothed with the title
oil conquest as the most Sounding and the proper
chce wha was deficient IN right, and the prnprieiy
Inc INT ans OF conquest Does the discovery country
give pey therein when it is deserted If be nha BIZ
led, whence does the FIST derive his right against
the original proprietor The latter had inflicted no injury
nor done any violence, he was not even knovn-
What then is the right Of Spain America The COLO
MIA right created by Europe. Let us examine this night
When Portugal violated The right of the Iud,s = nd
Spain that OF America and a. attracted their policy all
Europe 1t became necessary establish colonial right
ny way oi making orderly and regular pldCe of the
world he soil and its inhabitants thus mutually
granted Ike the negroes; and with mucl right the
one case as IN the other Regardless Of words. which have
disguised SO much, and abused many different peope
let us define the light of colonial proprety really is
mutual amnesty granted by he Europeans each ohcr
f'r dgect Of te 10 dominion countries and peoD
mtGkcr than hcScLreS. All! would they had been srong
China has not been colonzed, and the apparent
Inc Europeans have been 10 the people of India Ane
RIGA, what the Cnnb, the Tuetomes Goths and Naudn
we're to their ance stUrs. Thus the world evolves i'm c
Gle oi violence and spoliations; talking orsh govern
ed by ITS interest But as torrents fall conquerors
tie; and then conventions formed by which then con
quests are mutually guaranteed. But this conventional
right good and legitimate for them obligatory on the cor,
queeh Thus Europe owes respect the colonies an
which She on her part must observe those OF Eu
rope But IS America bound by and
made without her, and against herr which she is not the
object but tine subject? Has principle of spoat;on
been tnrce What rights does this confer Nav thew nor no
terminated by the with which they we've
mate d! Do habit time, the continuance OF suJr. inn,
ply the consent that shall supply the defect oi primitive,
ule 81" II THIS Submission have been the result OF cort
"ed force how IS IT 10 be preserved BY recurring 70 the
oilsha! puncple nl iurce and imposition. EuTor has Inn
posed upon America and Asia by novelties tina; ,ar.
ionshed and COMPOUNDED their ignorance a:stiur,io,
must here lie made between the two populations of merc
the natives and E.eoles Tie descendants Of the snIo
OF Cotes and PizarrU have inferior rph. "a ,a ,t;r
american, the Peruvian and Mexican. OF this there
no doubt HE native American takes advantage OF the
Creole, to his possessions from Swain: nd the
ole rcsIsts spain tyrannic and violating the conditions
OF human associations Both claim the same rr,c;,;ro
right by two titles, and by dtent methods; 5ut thnv mon.
III Inc equal enjoyment OF like right from different sources
MS distinction has escaped those who have consdrced
the present question, and who have COMPOUNDED the roll
ton OF the two popua of America There arises ON,
TINS SITUATION OF things double relation; but the one does
not confer any right, anv prejudice to live
o'hri Spain has right tie inhabitants of her soil
winch She cannot extend to those of America; but the ob
gaons G" the inst do not destroy the rights the second
Ia this respect, the parties not present
~ The SINE line Of rights; but this simmaeriaI 10 the nre
sent assumptions that Of sovereignty of Spain ovsr A,,e
Ica OF 1ich conquest IS the principle This will end as
II t"mnehced the congue ors, i'll their turn, will be con-
queTed' sublught'd aud expelled The world ever ha
BEEN and will be, the theatre of these vicissl.
Such IS the law OF which we must learn 10 sinh
mt SPAIN new suffers lis operation She surprised Anne
ca when IN ignnfancc, AMI she grandeur America
was astonsed at the superiority of arts aud science
These, impartial the SUM- their emblem thar shines
upon the world have IN the process of time shone upon
America BY her Influence, equilibrium will be restored
between America and Spain; the dstubance of whch ba
caused the inequality that produced subsection Its rees
tabsment has produced equality which if il, tu,n
mas eheced emancIpaon In all this the order of nature
has been preserved There are here iauv suboc,s ri 70
Necnn and not one of passion; there much for rea
aud absolutely nothing against right. Humanity &c sinh
iect to moralty why should couquests be eyemned from
this universal law? Is it debasg COMMUNISTS IN assi .,
them TO humanity