American watchman and Delaware advertiser. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1822-1828, 1825-02-04

| Tor receiving the broken stone. The other tire,
should break stones-the broken stones to be laic
on as the piece of road is prepared to re
eeive them-and then break up another piece. Two
or three yards at one lift is enough.
| Q. :" To proportion the work among the five men,
must of course be regulated by the nature of the
road. When there are many very large stones, the
three breakers may not be able to keep pace with
the two men employed in lifting and forming.
When there few large stones, the contrary may
be the case. Of all this the surveyor must Judge.
10. " But while 1t is recommended TO lift and re-
lay roads which have been made with large stone,
or with large stone mixed with clay chalk or other
mischievous materials, there are many cases in
which it would be highly Improbable to lift and re-
lay road, even if the materials should have been
Originally toe large. For instance =
II. "The stone on some roads is of so friabe q
nature, that in lifting, it becomes sand. In this
case, recommend cutting down the high places,
keeping the surface smooth, and gradually wearing
out the materials now in the road, and then replac.
ing them with stone of better quality properly
prepared. To roads made OF freestone these direc-
tons most particularly apply.
| IL, "When additional stone is wanted on road
consolidated by use, the old hardened surface of the
road is to be loosened with pick, in order to make
the fresh materials unite with the old'
In addition to Mr. MsAdam's rules for making
following observations from Mr.. Edgewolth's Essay
on roads, are deemed worthy of public attention.
g Roads should be laid out as nearly as may be
in straight line. But to follow, with this view, the
mathematical axiom that straight line is the short
lest that can be drawn between two points, will not
succeed in making the most commodious roads.
Hills must be avoided-towns must be resorted to
and the sudden bends of rivers must be Stunned.
Q. IS 1t may perhaps appear surprising, that there
lis but little difference in length between a road
which has gehte bend, and one that is in per.
|fecty straight line. A road ten miles long, and
perfectly straight, scarcely be found any where.
But if such road could be found and were curved
SO as to prevent the eye seeing Their than quar-
tier oil mile OF II, in any one place. the whole road
would not be heightened more than one hundred
and fifty yards. 1t is not, however, recommended
TO make serpentne roads merely for the entertain
ment OF travellers; but to point out that strict ad
herence to straight line is Of much less couse-
lqoence than is usually supposed; and that it will
|be frequently advantageous TO deviate from the
straight line to avoid inequalities of ground.
g. Where the arc described by road going over
Ia hill is greater than that which described by 60
ling round it, the circuit is preferable.
a. What is here said respecting level roads,
must not be strained an assertion that perfectly
level road is always the best for every species oil
draught. Slight and short alterations Of rising and
fal1nR ground, are StrVlceaDle to horses moving
swiftly. They have time to rest their lungs and
different musces-and of this experienced drivers
know how to avail themselves
A public spirited citizen OF Baltimore has brought
from England set Of the tools used in making and
repairing roads by MIR. MAdam-and set, in mi
TAXATION of them, has been ordered by the Commit
tee, which in due time will be exhibited in some
public place Philadelphia for the benefit of Road
Contractors Suitable artists will be commissioned
to furnish sets on the most reasonable terms.
1T is to be observed that Mr.. MADAM dsapproves of
side roads the earth which carried from
them the turnpike, by the horses' hoofs and the Wheels
of carriages, Injuries the latter. In England scavengers
are employed many of the roads sweep off the mud
into which the rain the earth carried the
pike.
+This item, No. s, is taken from MS. communication to
an American gent man. dated Feb. Z, 1823-and is the
result Of greater experience than Mr. Madam had when
he wrote the preceding one, No 7.
c. Those News printers throughout the Union, who
are DESTROYS of promoting the public welfare, respect
flly tod tDin fhao OH