Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1824-06-29

sup; osng thai, whenever the value of impor,s -x-
Feeds hat, oi exporis, debt is necessarily created
10 the eaten, oil tile difference whereas, ortinar,l,
the import Is than tue result VI the export
augmented ~ value by the tabor OF Iansp orim,on.
ne excess OF imports over esprts, in truth, usual,
shows The gains, not the losses Of trade or, in
country that not only buys and sells euods, hut eu-
pioys ships ~ carrying goods also, shows the pro.
u,sol commerce, and the earnings Of navigation,
No,hing more certain than thai Ia the usual course
Oh thugs, aud taking series OF years together, the
Value Of our imports is the aggregate of our exports
and our ireighs. II the value OF cuumodities i'm.
ported IA u given case, did exceed the value Of
the outward cargo, with which they were purchased,
thee u would no clear TO every man common sense
That the voyage had not been po6 able. lf such
commodities Tell lar short in value oi the cos Of the
outward cargo, then ,hessyage would be very los
Of things which, according to the uot;ou Of balance
q Trade, can aope indicate a prosperous cou,me rec
om the o'her ha"d, II the return cargo were found
10 lie worth much more than the outward Cargo
while the met chant having maid for The yoo,ls rx-
po'icd, and all the expenses Of tho voynee finds -
n""usome sum YET 40 his hands, which he calls pro.
., 'ne odHce " trade ia still against him, and what
ever ne may think OF 10, he is IN u very bad wa, .
ahno"gh oGe individual, Of all individuals gaia the
na''on loses while all i,s citizens grow rich, the
country grows pool. This is the doctrine Ct the
tenI'ng 10 show how unacc ountaby Individuals de.
eese themselves, ind imagine themselves 10 he
sS" rapidly mendins iseir condition., while
.ney o"9"i 10 ne persuaded that, 10y that infaliibc
4.
ag" ROAD to ruin. Some years ago, in better times
tnan the present, ship left one Of the towns of New
Enganu with !ooOO specie dollars. She proce eded
10 Moch', ON the Red Sea, aud there laid on, tbesr
dollars in coffee, drugs, spices, &c. With Ibis new
cargo she proceeded to Eusopc : Two third. Of 4,
were sold IN Holland for $50 600, which the ship
", 'o"sn, oaek' ana placed IN 'he same Bank from
me vaults oil which she had taken her original DUFF
Tue o'her thi'd Was sent 10 the po,s Of tho kedter
ranean, aud produced a return Of IS 600 doilars IN
specie and 200 dollars in Italian n,srchansiise
inOa thar
winch Is 100 900 dollars more Than was expor,e AN,
Us he' eiore proof OF unfavorabie baamce of trad,
10 'h' amount, IN this adventure. We should in,i
no great difficulty, Sir, IN paying off our balances Il,
this were the nature OF them all
t"e ""'u Is, Mr.. Chairman, that all these obsolete
anu exploded notions bad their origin ,n very mis-.
aSen 'ueas OF The true nature of commerce. Con,-
mcice 70 mol gambling among nations for stsk ,,
10 DC won Wy some and lost by others. II has not the
Ie"uency necessarily 10 ispoversh one Of the parties
wh''e II enfichss the other all parties gain, all
P"'ues make piohr, all parties grow rich, by The
operations u just and liberal commerce. n ,hs
o,u mao o"' ono cline, and hut soil if all men
nau me same wapis and the same N cans ON the spo
" .ne" existence, tn crafty those wants
"u. o"e oo'aincd u ON the other by exchange, would
nJ"1e one party ~ the same degree thu, IL bene
me othct tse", Indeed, there would be some fouo,ia-
ION 'or me cdednee Of trade. But Providence has
disposed our lot much more kindly, We inhal,t va-;
Gus earth. We have reciprocai wants and
means Tor gratifying one anot,ers wants. This is
me true origin OF commerce, which 10 noihine more
h" "" cAS""uSe " equivalents, and from the rude
""eT VI us primitive state, TO the refined and COM
piex slate IN whicbwe u, s principIe is uniform
" the same its only object being in every s,a,e.Io
p.ouuce ma, exchange Of comn,odes between indi-
"'uu"is anu beween nations, which shalt contuce 10
'he advantage and to the happness of both Com
merce between nations has the same cbarac
yer, as commerce between individuals, or between
maLs VI ~. ne same nauon. Cannot two individuals
MAKE an interchange of commodies which shall prove
penehcia To both, n which tile balance of frad.
sna'' DC IN favor OF both! not, the tailor and tho
s"oe n'aksf, the farmer and The smith, have hitherto
very much misunderstood their own ioreres, An,i
WIN regard To the internal trade of coun,rv in
which the same rule would apply as between ma
ICONS, do we ever speak OF such an intercourse being
- 10 one side because il is useful to the
"'"ef DO we ever hear that, because the inter.
course between New York aud Albany ~ advantage
ousio one oi those places, must therefore be ruin
Gus the oiher W '"'"
May be allowed, sir, 10 read a pa.s,.. -, ~.
subject from the observ of a oen,Ien,s, IN 80
opn'o" one oil tue most clear and sensible wfiters
speakers OF the age upon subjects OF ihs sor, ;.
9. ~ no political question which the pre-
:, ehce OF inse principles is general, Ms in what
. relates TO The nature Of commerce and 10 the rre
- tended buidnee Of hade and there ara (. w vb;.h
!, "ase ,eu 10 greater number Of practical mistakes
" attended with conseqnrn ces extensively pre;ndicia
. To the happiness OF mankind. IN this counir, orr
" parliamentary proceedings, our public doc.n,en,s
anu me works OF several able aud popular writer's.
. we srs ;"1. 70 propagate tho impression that
we are ,hdebed Tor much Of our riches TO wbai Is
. called the batance IF trade" "Our ,r.s no,., !
would surely be profess AS the ob;ec, .nd ~;i
. OF our commercial system, that which every man
VINO mas studied the subject, know TO he IN, l
true pr,ucipic Of commerce, he isterekong. ~
c'proedl and eqmi,aient benefit. We NAV res, assr
ed that u IS not in the nature of commerce. 60 -.
!. one rary a. The expense Of the other. This
:, IS purpose at which, IL il were practicable we |
, o"ghi not TO aim and which, ifw we aimed n, nc
' could not accomplish" These remarks. bei'.vc
~, were written spme ten or twelve years ago II
lhey are IN perfect accordance with tbe on;n;ons al
vanced in more elaborate treases AMI npw ~, a. |
"e'W mas returned TO a state of peace and c,m |
Nv" mas resumed ns natural channels, and differ.
are or seeking to enjoy, their
portions OF " all see lbs iustness Of ,hese
a., see that, in this day Of knowledge and orl
peace, mere can be no commerce between o,,;o..
!n"t wn'ch snail benefit all no are parcs a., !,
. M were necessary, Mr.. Chairman. Moi, 81
the attention Of the committee In -, "s", ash
mem before us. Oh this subject, Of the 6,Laoe.
u VIII ne seen ny reference TO the acconn,s H..
land esossd b Two 's' year our total sspoo Ho
port hon The same country was but 700 oOo ",, n.
Vow can any man be wild enough In - uo''"ts.
from hs Of The gain or loss our trade with
the same year, produced balance The o,tsr ' 70.
our import beng two millions, and our expo,, ~
hall million. But this has no more ,endcno ou'
'ne husha" trade losing trade, than the other
saement mas 10 shew that The Ouch trade has he
gaIniu' one Neither Of Them, by ITSELF proves aov
thing. f"o'e' Guy
Springing on, Of this notion of 5alane. Of ,sd.
'''S :""'"cs iuod, winch has been mucI,
Iweli upon 10 the course Of this debate III, . ,,,a
We ought not to buy Of nations who do no, buv nj =.
or example, that the Russian trade il trade ,isad,
outrageous to the country, and ought to be discour
,ed, because, IN The ports Of Russia, we buy more
han we sell Now allow me 20 observe, in The frs,
place, SIR, that we have no account showing how
much We do sell in the porfs OF Russia. On, offc;al
eurns shew nsbniy what is The amount of our direc,
exports To her ports. But then all know thai tho
proceeds OF other Of our exports 20 10 tho sanrc mar
ke', 'hough INDIRECTLY We send our own products,
or example, TO Cuba, or 10 Brazil; We there ex,
.na"et mem ,oI The sugar and The coffee Of those
q n arffc @.