Alexandria gazette & advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [D.C.]) 1822-1824, 1824-07-08
fr9.a tie Bostoa Dailg Advertiser.

SoGrH AMERIcAN RGvOLUTloN.
TO supply want which most of our
readers PROBABLY have felt OF short
coaaected mai -ative Of the principal e.
yeats in south America, from the ORE
gin Of the states which now claim the
sovereignty of The greater part OF that
contineat, We have translated from
German work 0! considerable Psputa-
lion. sketch OF the history of the re-
volatioII. II en Jfacea a period Of about
tea years, conliag down TO the summer
al 1919. Tia more recent history will
be sutiieiently familiar TO our readers.
There are same errors III tae narrative,
nost of them OF no great Importance,
winch we q sht have corrected, but as
the aiteTauon of a part might have been
considered ss assuming degree OF re-
eponsiOihty Tor tue renainder, and as
We have not LEISURE 10 give it very
strict revision; We shall republish the
article Substantially as we find it.
Spanish A merlca, whieh was incor-
porsted ia the Spanish Empire by
Charles V. Sept. 18th, 1919, contains
S55,672 sguste miles, AMI ABOUT z mai.
llons OF inna oitanss. Ofthese one fifth
are Spanards aud Creoles, two-hiths
of mixed descent, Msstizos, Mulattoes,
sc. three.tenths inhabitants of the soil
or Indians, partly faithful. having been
subjected by the SPanlards. Chose
who have not been conquered are call
ed Iadios bravoS or barbdr0s,) one-
tenth are Negroes who are retained
more as servants than si4Ves, AL
these classes have TO this day different
rights. the Landed prOprIetors every
where are the Spaniards and Creolss,
but the important Offices are almost en-
tirely engrossed by the Capetons or
Spanish boro whites. For the most
part the Indians are oppressed, particu
larly in Peru, where they laBguiSh un-
der the Mita. Heretofore the Spanish
King and ais high Couocil of the In.
dies az ,iadrid, have exercised the pow
or Of giving laws to this mass of coun-
tries aud people, the execution or them
were entrusted To the four Viceroys OF
New Spslu or Mexico, Santa Re de BIZ.
gotta or New Grenada. Peru, and Bue-
nos A yres Or the Province OF Rio de la
Plata: and lsteIy to the five Captains
General of u aatimala, Venezuela, CHI
li, Havana, or Cuba and Florida and
Porto Rico, Ito the Spanish Virgia is-
4iauds.) The yearly receipts of the
-Stales of Spanish America, amount TO
aearly 8 million pounds sterling. The
most important reves0e to the crown
arises fro N the mines watch produce an.
nually more than 9.l50.OOO pounds
sterliog. Spai0 herself gains most by
the trade, for the imports into Spanish
America amount to l2,S30,OOO pounds
sterling, annually, while the exports
from the colonies, of the productions
OF the soil 10 6,500.000t. sterliag. But
there existed no administrative onion
between the niue governments, and.
the Spanish colonial syssem was every
where detested for it's oppressive injus-
aice. Trade with each other and to.
reign countries was strictly forbidden.
or confined TO smsil articles and small
ships. Manufactures were depressed
10 lavor the Spanish importations. In
the constitution of every colony arbitra
nv power prevailed. the government
was military, the local judges had no
authority. rhe CapetoDs strovs DOLLY
TO grow rich, and tyrsnised over the
~people.-The administration Of justice
itself was srbitrary-the higher order
of Ecclesiastics alone maintained sort
of ;nlependenee, but the io~er classes
of secular clergy; who were tor the
most part natives, were without any
hope of seeing tneIr situation improved,
for this reason they engaged most &C.
tiyely 10 the establishment of free go
veroment, and excited the peopls to It.
Asth hopes of the enthusiastic aDd
the courage OF the brave adventurers
had been long TONED to America, the
ayes Of the citizens of the world had
long dwelt on that quarter of the globe
where the fresh strength of psture had
xeesiysd into itself the European seed.
For long time the impetuous Creole
h.a felt the bitterness OF his cppres.
aioo. AS early as 1850, an inhabitant
of the Canary isisDos, named Leon, had
drawn upi the plan OF rebellion, but
,his was discovered and Leon executed.
After this a revolution broke out in Pc
IN in 1880, which lasted three years
Tupac Amars placed himself at the
head of the people "a inca OF Peru. but
ma WAS conquered and stmost all ME ao-