Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1823-09-09

gereu anu died mostly on the high roads-or Il hos
ptabiy received in the farms and inns of the country
Their inhabitants were involved 10 iher destruc ton.
The whot'crime Of the poor sufferers consisted in
not possessing permission from The nobleman on
whose estate they were born, to change their resi-
de1ce although they allowed for ten or twenty
years 10 live ia Courland without any enquiry on
that subject
| The public opinion is generally deceived by the
haiiering reports OF the establishment Of libe al
situations in Russia. Whenever the newspapers ring
with applause the late ukase oncernng the liber-
ties granted gradually to the peasaniry or OH the
accounts OF the hourshing state Of the settlements in
the southern provinces-nothing Of all this really ex-
'sis, other than the law ON the SUBJECT, which very
seldom 10 brought into operation, when executed
sometimes alter two three years, is curiaIed or
interpreted differently by the governors OF the pro-
yiuces.
| lightened principles Of Prince GALIrzIS, Counts
oharmetzoH aud Rasoumusky triun,phed over the
powerful faction Of the great andholders; some good
laws concerning the peasaniry AND public instruction
were put in force, and contributed greatly render
the emperor beloved by bis subjects but since the
disgraceful Congress of Vienna, Alexander I. has
adhered totally TO the policy Of the Austrian cabinet
contrary 10 his own advantage.
The chief policy of Russian Emperor should he,
TO Increase population throughout its douiinions in
order to oppose them tn the overwhelming power Of
the nobility, and this only he Effected by spread.
ing liberal ideas and instruction among the lower
classes but the insnuat,ons Of Mettern,ch have u-
duced the Emperor TO stop entirely the progress Of
ligh! IN his empire and the preponderance Of the
nobility continually interferes with laws Intended by
the To ex,rcate the peasaniry from slavery
1.-The whole population now, more than before the
| reach war; lingering still in thraldoni.
Count Capo d'istras and other men Of liberal prin.
cip'es, have been Obliged to relntuish their office
more trumphed NJ the Russian court ; and Alexander
has become, from the friend of mankind The greatest
enemy oil all the nations Of Europe not by his own
yranncai temper, but from of iruiness 10 re-
sist the antiques OF the aristocrats.
Notwithstanding. the rays OF light are Introduced
INTO RUSSIA by way least suspected by the oppres-
Sn nnHhs
him. The Soldiers returning from Germany and
France have leisure enough compare their wretch
ed situations with those OF other nations. Both Off.
GERS ana soldiers make rapid progress in their no.
tons or public liberty, and communicate WIN, the,
have seen TO their friends and relations al home
Twice already has the Russian despo seen the effect
oil ms slaves becoming aware of the rights of man
| In the year 1921, the second regiment of guards
Somenaskey, refused to comply with the order Of
,neir Colonel, Schwarts, TO exercise 4 Sunday
FRINGE Ncoia (hrother of the Enperor) himself
could not persuade the soldiers to obey-snrroundeJ
by three regiments, they gave up their arms without
resistance on promise of full pardon of their n,u-
uny on Their delivering up The ringleaders 10 punish
men'--" We are equally culpable, was the an
| swnr made hy The old warriors The whole resi-
ent was sent 10 the forts Of the Bdnic, there TO pe-
ish hy want and bad air.
! In lG22, the army coming back from the Turkish
frontiers was quartered near The city of Wiina--the
grand duke Nicoai, commanding the division of the
guards, Offended belonging 20 this body-the
officer demanded has discharge, hut the Emperor, TO
whom 1t was reported ordered him to enter i'm the
same rank IN regimen of the line. contrary Ia
law, an officer Of the guards getting into the line
always advancing degree. All his comrades
resented promptly this afront and asked 10 be dis
charged hut We're, flly number, forced TO act in
t'e me with what attachment 10 the sovereign is
easily Imagined.
There IS noi the least enthusiasm in Russia for the
cause OF the Greeks, The noblen,an without auy
religious principles at all, thinks only now TO waste
ms iottune or TO conspue against his sovereign for
icaf OF ms encroacbing on the feuJai privileges The
peasant himself slave, is such, void OF all liberal
! ieeiing towards hiss fellow creatures, and is more
over, aes III to hate the Patriarch of Constantine
ana aus followers, as heartily AS the christian sects
the eHzens are AS YET not numerous enough in
| Hnence any matter Of consequence.
| Conspiracies against the present Emperor's life
| happen frequently. In 1878, when Alexander came
back iinm Vienna, he saved from an instantane-
Gus death NY his brother Constantine, who in
lime 10 call IN the assistance Of the guards against
the murderers all nobleuien Of the FL ST rank dscou-
'eh'ed WIN the emperor. from this period the
credit al Constantine with his brother had orea,Iv n
creased, and the unfortunate Paiacks were utterly
unprotected against the cruelty Of this barbarian.
Inc most shocking instances OF his insane fury,haye
occurred during The latter years He habitually
strikes both officers and soldiers Of the Polish army
anu depriyes theD OF their rank whenever they
incur his dispieasure. He exercises the same arbi-
trary power over all the inhabitants of Wa,saw
seduces The daughters OF the most eminent citizens
ana IS now about TO transfer the of inioIes 10
more remote part OF the country the inhabitants
oil The present capitol having still too liberal feeling
10 bear such atrocities wHhout murmurng
| Throughout the empire the most frighiuI system
Of espionage is carried on-nei,her the cottage nor
the palace is free from il, Nobemen Of the frs,
rank are not ashamed TO bear the honorable employ
meni Of Spy. A secret police is established al ST.
refreshing whose branches are throughout the
country Men of The highest distinction are denounc-
| ed daily go this Internal tribunal, and condemned
without ever being heard in their defence. The
| slightest reniarks on any act OF government are
punished With perpetual Punishment from both can't
ias-on strong suspicion, the wilder OF Siberia
70 receive those who are obnoxious governn ent-
me numerous iorresses Of the empire also caution
me miserable victims of tyr nny even the fortress Of
OF. petersburg is not excepted !; and Alexander l.
looks from suRpuous apartments Of his palace on the
tYioony mansions of despair.
Extract of letter from Ngjor Thomas Biddle 10 ope
| q his friends, dated -UCuh NJ The 81. Peters
1 Rirer, June ! !, 1928.
I" reached this place after passage Of 10 days
70 TIE Steam boat virginia, tbeiDg her second voyage
from St. Louis. This passage was made notviI,.
standing we were compelled, the greater part of
mo roue, 10 stop and cut wood for the steam engine
u Is impossible to contemplate without pleasure the
manner IN winch The remote paris oil our immense
country are connected together, by an imprOyem
in the art which is entirely American, and winch Is
so admirably adapted TO The nature OF our country
and II commercial and political situation. Parts OF
The uuIon are now brought into close aud intimate
cOniact, and comfortable aud cheap means Of trans
porlation afforded 10 points heretofore considered so
remote as TO excite rather the fears than The hopes
Of the politician, and believed imperyious TO any bur
The Indian trader, or the native iniiabiiant. The
Stream of the Cpper MsSsSjJDi is found 10 answer
admirably for steam boats the current is more mild
than that OF the Ohio aud there is less timber in IL ;
there great many Islands, but the hest channels
always afford sufficient wafer the steam boat went
frequently IN the night, and was only once aground
and HAT but for few minutes. There are few inn
pediments 10 navigation in the river the rapids AT
Dies Mons aud Rock River can scarcely be con.
sidered rs such, for considerable part 0f the year
common passage from ST. Louis TO Prairie Du
i'm LEI naf re I'VE .apn az.