Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1822-01-22

structed many evidences oil the opinion oil the
people in favor Of their utility beyond their expense,
aud from them much experience has been derived,
ms TO skill and economy, that viii he very useful here
alter. Their Influence should operate rs u PERSIA |
sive Involvement To the general government, 10 begin
her great work FOR her own benefit.
As 10 most Of the improvements that were per-
iected prior 10 1908, the committee win refer the
house To report OF the Sccrcttry 9. the Treasury
dated the 18th ol April of thlt year. This plain and
valuable document contains more information the
subject IN general than I've found any where else
Since that period, great efforts have been made
wards in;ernal improvements, but the committee do
not possess accurate knowledge rs To their extent
and even IL they were embrace all the public inn
rovemenis thai within ther recolIecton il would
too much enlarge this report I; few objects will
therefore be selected
In Massachusetts, n magnificent work OF dam, n
mile and three quarters IN length has been construct
cd connect The town Of Boston with the main land
Ut an expense Of about six hundred thousand dollars.
An alusion need only be made TO the patriotic and
iaudable efforts Of the Of New York, gran.
deur in the designs, and the execution of great
part OF their immense undertakings. Pennsylvania
has made great advances in the construction OF per
nanent bridges her large rivers, and in the max
ing OF artificial roads and is engaged in the
grand object of connecting the Susquehannah with
The SchuylSil, by the Union Canal. Maryland has
made expensive roads, in many directions, for the
accommodation of her citizens, and hiring trade to
her capital. Virginia, in 1916, enacted law GREAT
ing hoard oil public works, with power to appoint
engineers and Surveyors, and, also, creating fund,
aud uniting by canals the principal rivers, and more
intimately connecting, 10y means of public highways,
the different parts OF lie commonwealth. North Ca
rona has made many and expensive improvements
IN roads and canals. In the state Of Georgia, it APP
pears, IRON Official documents, that hundred and
ei.hty-nuc thousand dollars have lately been expend-
cd IN public improvements, besides one hundred thou
sand dollars Tor free schools. In the state OF Ten
aessec, the legislature has unanimously appropriated
FIVE hunded thou s,nd dollar. Tor the purose of inn
proving the navigation of the rivers in the s,atc.
fubuc examples need not, at prctent, be farther
traced.
The national objects, which, in the opinion Of the
committee, claim the first attention OF government,
are,
]. The great line Of canals, from the harbour of
Boston TO the south, along the atlantic seacoast.
:. = road from the city of Washington to that of
New Orleans.
3. Canals to connect the winters OF the Ohio, above
with those below, the falls Ut Louisville Lake Erie
with the Ohio river; and the tile waters OF the Po-
tomac with the same stream AT Cumberland.
L. Communications between the Susqueiannah
and the rivers Seneca and Gercsce which EMMY
into lake Ontario.
8. Communications between the Tennessee and
Savannah, and between the Tennessee, Alabama,
aud Iombeckhee, rivers.
or the more Particular information, relating 10
these Objects and for their magnitude and the ma
NY ana high advantages which they would prjduc
to the Union, either in times of war ur peace tire
ousc are referred 10 the above report of the Secrc-
tiry OF the Treasury, and 10 the very interesting and
convincing report Of the Secretary OF War, dated
Jan Ith, 1919, which reports the committee beg may
he annexcdto their present report. Az some of
the objects mcntoncd parts Of them, il will he
important, previous to the commencement OF any ge-
neral system, 10 form, the basis of upon the best In
formation thar can be obtained by scientific men :;
the comnitcc, therefore, beg leave report bill,
en'hiHd " An act to procure the necessary surveys,
plans, and estimates the subject of roads and ca
mails"
The committee will make separate reports on the
subject OF the Chesapeake and Delaware canal, and
I'm han,
lfRo1s rouLscs's AMERICAN DAILY ADvERr,sER.]
Martini r1 Z
The Bank L. s.
This case was argued at the las, October Sessions
oi the Circuit Court of the United States in this
city, upon statement of facts, which set forth that
the p''n,ia was the owner Of number Of notes of
the Bank Of the United States, amounting in the
whole to 800, which his agent after the pubica-
ton OF notice by the Directors, that the Bank
would not pay cut notes unless all the parts were
produced, divided into halves ut Cincinnati, Ohio
and forwarded in parcels, by different Mails for
ihiladelphin, one Of which parcels never arrived.
The demand of the pla in;f was for the pnymcnt OF
the full amount of the notes.
Nlr. Bnncy argued for The plaintiff, and Mr.. Ser
geant Tor the Bank u. s.
The opinion of Judge Washington was ns fol-
lows:
WASHINGTON, Jusiice.--I have carefully re-
viewed the decision Of this Court in the case of Bull
let rs. The Bank of PENNSYLVANIA, aided by the gh,
she' upon the question involved in that and i'll the pre-
sent case by the able argument OF the counsel on
each side My opinion remains unchanged and is
indeed confirmed by the two American cascs cited
al The Bar, and particularly the luminous argument
OF JUICE Drayton, in the case Of Patton RS ,he
State Bank.
The principles upon which this Court decided the
case OF Bullet rs the Bank of PENNSYLVANIA, were,
hat Bank or any other promissory note is the evil
oenee o. Debt due by The maker 10 the holder of it,
and mn;hing more. Il is also the highest species of
evidence q such debt, aud in fact, The only proper
evidence, If IL be in the power Of the owner OF the
note 10 produce -But, if it be lost or destroyed,
OF ny iraud or accident has got into the possession
OF the maker, the owner does not thereby lose
his debit but the continues to exs, in Mi its vi.
gor, unaffected by the accident which has deprived
me owner OF the means Of proving it by the note IL
SCI Inc debt still existing, the law, which always
requires OF party that he should produce the best
evidence OF his right of which the nature Of the
th'ns 1: capable, permits him, where such better evil
Gence IS lost, OF destroyed oy not i'm his power 10
give inferior evidences by proving the contents of the
lost paper and this be satisfactorily made out he is
entitled to recover .
the evidence be moi lost, but i merely impair
ed 10y accident, even by dcsirn If such deson La
not 10 iillurc the maker or To cancel the ,lei the
principle oil law IS the same-Cuttng a bank poie
mo two parts does not discharge the Bank from the
ueOt oi which the note was but the evidence, nor
uoes IL even impair the evidence itself Inv uuiiinp the
parts, the contents of the entire uoe can lac made
QUILL one OF the parts should be lost or DESTROYED
tne ueht would he no more Affected t;ian if the en-
t'e "o'c mug peen 'oSt or destroyed. The evidence
~ impaired indeed, not by the act Of cutting the note
bnI by the same accident which would have affected
the entire note had that been lost In both cases
INC owner must resort to secondary evidence, and
- bound TO prsve that the note did not exist that il
: LOST or destroyed, and that he is tie true and bona
ne owner OF the debt fonc part only Of the note be
lost, tho difficulty which me real ownor of il has 10
cncounier, in proving his right TO the debt is dmin
shcu FOR the entire he lost to the owner of
IT. at 'he time Of the accident, he may not be entitled
20 The debt OF which is the evidence At the limo
ne demanded payment, because the note passing
rom hand to hand, by bare delivery, may have been
,onu ahn nave got into tho possession OF bona eide
We note there cannot possibly he an opposing right
ne hnder or robbcr Of The other ha f part, cannot
ms'c' right 10 the debt, because no cannot prove