davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1821-06-26
THE SUBSCRIBER

HAS commenced the PRACTICE OF THE
IL LAW, and will attend the Circuit Courts
of Madison, Bond, Washington, and St. Clair,
and the Supreme Court, at Kaskaskia.
T. W. SMITH.
Etl1vartzsuil7e, och .Nay, 1919.
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
NAvIGATIoN OF THE poromAc.

II
From the Hagers.own Torch Light.
| The following petition will, in a few
days, be handed about through this
county for signatures:
To the honorable Senate md House of
Representatives Of the United States
Of AmerIca In Congress assembled.
The petition Of the undersigned mosi
respectfully Represents:
That a period ha. arrived, and a
train OF circumstances and events ne.
enrred, calculated 10 arouse the atten-
tion aud call into exercise the energies
OF the patriot and statesman.
Fhe National Treasury exhausted.
our finances embarrassed-thatn ume-
r"Ds and useful class of orr citizens.
agricu'turists, destitute OF market
Tor the products Of the soil, are left
without motive to industry. At the
came time, government are under the
necessity OF resorting to loans, in time
OF peace, TO meet their ordinary expen.
di'uFes. The phenomenon is, for the
first time, presented in our country of
hundreds Dragging leave tn TOLL" and
not obtaining "mployrient; while, a, the
same ,iine, SIS found redundant and mae.
tive capital in Abundance, & its propri.
e,ors anxiously seeking means IN employ
It. Your petitioners wish not here to
enumerate the causes which have pro
duced these effects, neither are they
noticed at all by way of complaints; but
careful review OF the PAST Is Decessa-
~ TO prevent their recurrence in fu-
iure-thet the evils complained Of
have, in great degree, arisen from
our reliance on the resource, of foreign
nations, aud too great negligence in
developing our own, is, your petition-
efs believe, a fact pndeniea--it re-
quIres not to be prnved-itis known &
experienced by all,
Yonr petitioners respectfully suggest
that, among the means best calculated
to effect change 40 necessary tn our
prosperity, isthe promotion Of Internal
improvements. The advantage OF
these improvements by roads and cas-
nails, their utility as branch Of politi-
cal economy and national Defence
their indispensable necessity as bond
Of political uuion--their general fit
ness and use for a people dispersed OF
yer an immense territory, embracing 6
variety of soil and climate, suited TO
The productios Of all the neeesssries,
the comforts, and cDnvenienees Of life,
have been 80 often urged, and so ably
enforctd, By executive reeommenia-
tionsj by reports Of subordinate ofFicers
and OF committees Of Congress, that
little can be added to the stock Of in
formation and argument found on file
in Congress, emaDa,ipg from the high.
es. sources OF intelligence
Believing, therefore, that bnt one o,
PiDioD can exist among the Representa-
tives OF an enlightened people on the
subject Of internal improvements,
your petitioners beg leave 10 cali your
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
REVOLUTION in BRAZIL,
BALTr MORE, Disc. 10.

DALTt MORE, DEC. ID.
~ passenger was pat on board the
steomhoat Virginia, on her passage
from Norfolk here, from the brig Res,
otu.ion, in 3G days from ,Pernambuco.
which sailed the 10th of November.
He states, fha. there had been a
complete revolution throughout the
Brazils. The Governor and staff had
been shipped Of from Pernambuco, and
the Prince Royal had been sent from
Rio Janeiro. The same state OF things
existed at st. Salvador and Monte vi.
dcn--,here was some resistance made
at Peruambuco, by the royal troops,
but after about 100 being killed, they
were compelled to surrender.
All The ports were thrown open.-
FInur dull at milireas. Provisional
governments were established, aud ev-
cry thing had become Tranquil.
1t is also said. that The Patriot Gen.
erai Artigas. was a prisoner at Buen-
os Ayfes and that that unsettled place
bad bad three different governors with
in n month pr avioUs to last accounts
from there.-Pdfriot.
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
For Sale or Rent.

HNHE subscriber offers for Sale or
n Rent or Exchange, for n House
and Lot in Winchester, the FARM
wberson he resides containing 1Oi
ACRES, lying an the great road lead
ing from Winchestsr to Berry's Ferry.
eight miles from the former place; it is
n good stand for Tavern. The re are
on said Farm eOmmodions dweliin.
Honsc. good Stable, 10 or IL Acres OF
Meadow, three never failing Springs,
one ofSuiphur ola superior quality =
He deems it needless TO say more, ns
any one wishing to parcha.e will view
the premises where they will be shown,
aud the terms made known by
LEWIS NELL.
Dec, 22n1-3ts nd.
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
Virginia to wit:

Virginia to wit: i.
At rules .hoigtn an, The Clerks sffce Of
The County Court 81 Hampshire, on
the first .uonday in december 1891 /.
Fhomas Taylor. Piaiutiff
AGAINST 81
Jacob Hish.,' Defendant,
IN CHANCERY !;
H\HE Defendant DOT having entered
II his appearance and given security
according TO the act Of Assembly and
the rules IT this court, aud il appear
ing by satisfactory evidences that he ia
not an inhabitant Of this Common.
wealth. IL IS ordered, That the said
Defendant do appear here on the first
day Of March Court next, and answer
the bill of the Plaintiff: ana that co..
~ Of this order be fnrthmith inserted
in some newspaper published in Win.
cher, for two months successfully, and
another copy posted at the front door
OF The Court House Of the county Of
Hampshire
John B WHIT, =. =. C.
December 20. fS2i-N =.
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
RNTED AND PUBLISHED
BY
JOHN hEISKELL,
.Hatrec dollars per annam payaMs Int
adpance.
1lvDIsPEN,srsLE GoNOI7y0yNs,

l. No papers will be discontinued
until all arrcRrages ars. paid.
Ill. Advertisements not exceetiipe
"A square. az lines printed matter OF.
12 lines common manuscript matter.
inserted three times for One Dollar,
and Twenty-Five Cents per square
Tor every subsequent Insertions and.
when not specifically directed to the
contrary, will be inserted Until forbid
and charged accordingly.
III. Advertisements from a dis.
lance must be accompanied with the
CASH. or be assumed by fdme respun-
sible person, or the pesA2aster most
SUnvrnieRt To the sE.ts eifiA .-as-.s.---z-
Nv. Advertisements will, in every
instance be charged to the person or
dering them, unless particularly sti-
dulated to the contrary.
v. The Postage on all commune
cations to the Editors. must be paid
by the writer, or they will not be at
tended to.
vi. Chancery Orders inserted as
other Advertisements and charged to
the Attorney, whose namc is indorscfl
by the Clerk. on the order.
VII. The Postage on all commu-
nications to the Editor, must be paid
by the writer, or they will not be at
tended to
N. b. 1t is distinctly t. be under
stood by Advertising Customers. that
no Advertisement will I,enceforwartl
De directed by the Editor of this pa
Per to be inserted III other papers.
unless the same be previously paid for
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
Virginia to wit 4:

TRulss holder in the Clerks Office of
the County Court Of Hampshire on
the first Monday In December, 1921
oaviu Lung, Plaintiff,
AGAINST
M'Mahon & Thomas, alias William
M'Mahon and Samuel Thomas.
Defendants,
IN cHANCERy.
ME Def eudants not living enter.
q ed their appearance aud given se.
curity according TO the Act Of Assem-
bly, and the Rules Of this Court. and il
appearing by satisfactory evidence that
they are not inhabitants Of this Com.
monweaith: 1t is ordered, that the said
defendants doappear here on the tirst
day OF March Court next, and answer
The bill of the Plaintiff; and that a Co.
py of this order be forthwith inserted
N some newspaper publis he'd in Win.
chester, for two months SUCCESSFULLY.
and anoher copy posted Mt the front
door Of the Court House Of the County
OF Hampshire.
JOHN 3. WHITE, 9. II. C.
December 22. tS2f-C
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29

From Florida--From the Florida
Gazette Of The LIST inst. i, appears chat
Capt. Bell returned on the 2sth ult,
from the Alaehua country, after an un.
sueeessfni attempt 70 obtain meeting
Of the Seminole Indians, in eoBse.
quenee oftheir being dispersed in their
hunting expeditions. Capt. B. trayer-
sed about 800 miles Of the Indian
country during his expedition.
A memorial is in circulation at St.
Augustine. addressed TO the Congress
Of the United States, praying that the
two provinces may be consolidated inc
TO one, and admitted into the Union
on the footing of the territorial gov
er8ments Of the United States, with
the power Of having Executive, Legis.
lativs, and judiciary officers.
Nat Int,
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29

attention to the navigatiou Of the Po-
tomac River. This stream presents
short and direct communication from
the seat If the general government
aud the tides Of the ocean, to the gen.
tie aud uninterrupted streeps Of the
wests The portage across the Allie
ghany Mountain is abont 20 miles on
the national road, now completed in a
durable manner.
!, From Cumberland ON the Potomac.
where the road commences, to still
water, at the City Of Washington, is
tss miles by the river, and the fall
7l5 feet, nearly four feet per mile
This fall, with the scanty supply of
water in dry seasons, renders the nat
urai channel imptacticahle for useful
navigation: To remedy this,a canal
naviSation'the entire exfeAt must be re-
sorted 10. The expenses Of this i'm.
provement, it 10 easily ascertained,
would not amount to more than two
aud halt millions Of doliars--aud this
estimate at the ordinary expense of
lock nasigafiss, iSsS similar sitpa.
Iiono, where obstacles of equal ma sni-.
tude have been overcome.
This improvement, your petitioners
conceive, w"uid be in furtherance Of
the great object contemplated by our
National Legislature in making the
Cumberland Road. Wnhou. this ad..
ditiohal improvement, the advantages.
of the road will be very imperfeciI,
realized. BY means of a canal. the
difficulties and expense Of and trans
portation from tide water navigation.
to the western waters, will in a great
measure be overcome, and THUG also a
convenient market provided for the a..
buudant and various productions of the
West. The City Of Washington, the
seat OF government, will also be sun.
piled with fuel, at a cheap rate, from
the. exhaus .es. coal mines of Cumhcr-'
land. and, enriched by a Furnishing
commerce, will take it's rank among
the first cities of the Union. :.
10 effect an object SO purely nation.
al, 1t might be deemed unnecessary to
point out the means but your petition
ers will, notwithstanding, respectfully
susgest che following plan, which to
them appears unexceptionable, and in
complete accordance with the constitu-
tionai powers of Congress: An act of
Congress incorporating company
within the District of Coiumbis, to act
in conjunction with companies TO be-
incorporated b. the respective states
of Virginia and Mary land; with a
stock sufficient to complete the canal,
bearing an interest Of five per cent. on
the amount actually paid in, as the
work ProSresses---t the payment CIV hicir-
interest to be guaranteed by govern
ment, until the canal be finished-say
for the period Of ten years, This tri.
fling sum, it is believed, will be sutfi-
cient to give success to this great ma.
tional work.. should this mode be
deemed exceptionabiei Your petition
ers wonld most respectfully suggesti
that a sufficient number of shares be
subscribed by government, TO enable
the work TO proceed, on such other;
plan "a in the wisdom of Congress NAV
be considered bitter calculated to ac-:
compi III this important object.
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
Bank Of the Valley in Virg. ,
December s.

DcccInDer g. )
HE annual meeting nf the stock
"A. holders for The election of Direc.
tors, will he held at the Bank on Mon.
day the 9TH of january next.
LEWIS HOOP, Cash.
q, Dee. g.
Ca The Editors Of the Intelligencer
city OF Washington; Gazette, Alex
andria; twice weekly Repository,
Charlestowni & Washingtonian, Lees.
burg, will insert the above, ard for
n ard Their HScawnts tsthis afEee.
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
PU BLLC S AL +.

ED Y virtue of Deed of Trust from
-ED Peter kremer To The subscriber
FOR the purpose Of securing The pay.
nent OF the sums Of money therein
mentioned to Lane and Brom ., isiII be
sold at Public Auction, for ready mo-
ney, TO the highest bidder; LOT No
$50, in Farfaa's addition to the town
Of Winchester, with a TWO STORY
FRAME BUILDING thereon, reser.
wing from the said Lot twenty FIVE feet
trout On Cameron. street, belousins to
George Kreemer. 1t is the same pros
petty that is now occupied by Conrad
Kremer. The sale will take place be-
fore the door Of Capt. MeGuire's Ho.
Eel, on Monday the t4th day Of .Joaaa-
~ and such title conveyed TO the pur.
g ,ser as ~ vested in the subscriber by
the aforesaid Deed OF Trust.
THOMAS ALLEN TIDBALL.
December 22nd--ids,
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29

yhrS. Sarah While. Fac, cntrt.r of Aie.c
White, decd; Robert Page, .qdD,inis-
traitor Of Laurence Butler, decd. and
Joseph TRIBAL, and robert Wbite,
and the deUiseeS Of The said y4ieran-
der rFhite, deceased,
EIAkE NOTICE, that between
n sunrise end sunset on the Goth,
2tst, 22d.23d, cath, e5ib, 26th g. eth
days Of February, or on some Of Those
days, at the Court House Of Jefferson
County, IN The State IT Kentucky, we
shall take the dispositions Of sundry
witnesses, which We sbail Offer as evil
dcDce in our behalf in q suit depending
in the Superior Court of Csancery, at
Winchester, Virgiuis, in which we are
Compliments and yon are Defendants.
The dispositions will be taken By virtue
Of commission from the said Court,
STEPHEN SMITH.
JUDITH SMITH.
DsestD Der p, fSzt--fw.
Winchester gazette. [volume] (Winchester, Va.) 18??-1826, 1821-12-29
.f4ff tfhHts .
nSGHEHDtJsl.sEe,ss.s'''

OF the inhabitants ohe state of Virginia ascertaned by the
fourth census of the United States taken the year 1884,
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
One Hundred Dollars Reward

- AN away from the subscribers, on the
~ night of Friday, 3O,h last month, a,
iaylor's tavern (Hartwood,) The following
slasss-viz:
Tom, Peter. Fielding and Cud-
dy.
TOM is abou. So years old, about til.
common height, and spare made-looks We.
~ sanctihed when spoken to-wore away a
a suit OF domestic cloth. as well as recoilec ct.
ed; the pantaiooas old and patched. He
was bought OF DR.. Bronaugh, of Dumfries
about months past, and ran away, and
was taken up and put in Fairfax Jail.
PETER is about the same age, his cloth.
ing an old patched coat OF Virginia cloth,
vest and pantaloons, with an old hat & ne W
shoes.
FlELDING'S clothing nearly the same,
except his coat, which is blue broad cloth,
abou, halt-worn; he is 10 years old. a like,
ly fellow, rather under The common height
OF men, and when spoken to appears to be
embarrassed, aud answers very diffidentiy.
CUDOf is II years old, smaller Than
Fielding; his clothing Virginia cloth, and
pretty much worn-has wool hat and ne
shoes. The three last Negroes are broth
eIs: we purchased them OF Mr.W. Linton, oil
Dumtrles, lew days ago, out of the estate
of Col. Tyler, dec'd.-The above reward
will be given Tor them all, or D25 for either
if confined IN jail, OF delivered to either Of
US, near Pottersville, Louisa county.
dec b 2aw3w
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
A'l'ItN hon

THE Leg,nnary Court OF Inquiry, will set
4 at the Town-Hall On FRIDAY he
18th inst. and tor The information of those
interested, the ioiloa lug extract from the
militia law Of the District Of Columbi IS
published
Sect 5th. and be 1t further enacted, That
where any fine or fines, shat have been col.
lecled or imposed, the deIihqus ut sbsI lie at
liberty, at any tine within tm sYe months az
ter such imposition, 10 apply to any OF the
LegiOnary Courts 10 return or remit the
sare and the court is hereby empowered TO
make such order in the case as may seem
to them, or majority OF them, to be right
and just.
c. BRONAUGH, Adj't.
lst Reg, ed Brigade, Militia, DC.
dec 4
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
Stoves, &c.
TIME subscriber has received an assert.
l. ment OF
TEN PLATE
FRANKLIN STOVES.

Of handsome patterns, from l2 10 2s dol
lars--also on hand,
Il .tssv COOKING STOVES,
Which will be sold at conside rabIe dis
count from the original price
HE KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND,
Swedes Bar Iron, Plough Irons
English Blister, American do. Crowley
Cast, German and Swedes Steel warranted
Castings, Hoop ami Sheet Iron
Anvils, Vices, Hammers, Screw Plates
SC.
At low prices tor cash.
c. STABLER,
Upper end OF King street,
10th mo. o cost
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
For Salem,

~, The substantial schooner WHIT
,&ATA OAK, Hammond. master. will sail
~ few days. and can tske 9 or 500 bbis'
on treigh', if immediate application be made
10 TIL. H. ROWLAND.
Is,h no. s 81
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
Fifty i!oIlars Reward
Births

Births
ARE wanted for three smart hoys, on
n board of good ship or brig in the Eu.
rnp.an Or u est India trade,
ga steady LAD, about IA years Of age,
can have place with respectable cabinet
m.ker J. SWIFT.
President Board +. OF The Poor.
dec 5 81
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
zoo Dollars Reward.

zoo Dollars Reward.
DhNAWAY from the tsrm of the late
IL Wm Mason, of Charles County, Ma
ryand, the following Slaves
" ilderness,
A mulatto, Indian looking fellow, about
40 years of age, but Looks somew hat young
er; hair nearly straight and very black, be is
rough carpenter
Tom Clarke,
A very likely muI,tto man. about 90 years
old, has been much accustomed to 60 by
water, and is generally acquainted with the
river craftsmen.
James Monroe,
A black, about 80 years old, dresses well j.,
and has generally smile when spoken TO-,
or looked at.
Lall,
A blacksmith about 90 years old, slender
and complexion not very dark.
Helen.
A slender black woman, about 20 years
old, with her chic about 3 months old. She
is supposed to be al a Mr. Findley's near
Piscaiaway, where her husband be is~gs.
These negroes are generally known in
Charles and Prince George Counties, Md.
The above reward will 5e gwen for them if
taken on, Of the state OF Maryland; or D. 100
If taken in Md. D.40 each if taken out OF
Nd. or D go if taken within the state, and
delivered to me, or lodger' in any jail SO thai
get them. Masters of vessels, and all PEI
sons whatever, are forbid harbcr'ng them
under the severest penalty Of the law.
GEO. MASON. Administrator
of WM MASON. deceased.
Gun.ton, (Fairtax Co. Va.l Dec, S. At
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
Losenh Il. Blunt.

WISHES 70 inform his friends and the
public in general, that he has removed
irom MS former stand, at the corner OF Duke
ANdSt Asaph-sts to the north side OF King
street, between Columbus aud Altred-sts
Were ne intends keeping
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
For Freight

To Che fest Indies. or South america,
~ The very superior o!oup GLOBE,
GGN. Cole ."aster; burthen $50 bbls.
is now IN readiness TO receive Cargo, OF,
board. Apply TO
T. H. ROWLAND.
dec 81
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-12-06
GROCERIES,

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
:. Carefully selected for family uss.-He so,
hcils share oil their patronage, as ne VIII u
enfssvour 10 give general satisfaction to all
who favour him with their custom.
dec G. 2aW3w
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-01-31

in the last six years, the frmness all"
virtues belonging to their ministry
Such magistrates as were constitutions
ally appointed previous to May, 1874.
and have not holden ether situations
since the overthrow of che system, are
nlaced On the same footing as those
VIII, have been elected since It's resto.
ration.
The national debt has been asctr-
tanned to amount namely. that part tor
which interest is paid. to 6,ss4.7so,365
PC Wand that for which no interest
is paid, to 7.2O5.7ss.oss-lt remains
for the Cortes to determine in what
wav the 600, 10000 due to the Dutch
creditors for arrears, are I" DC paid
and. therefore, il cannot yet be known
to which part of the debt that sum is
to be added. No higher or lower m
terest is henceforth to be paid for the
national debt than per cent. and the
principal of he different sums OF "hifh
this debt consists, will be increased or
diminished so as to prevent the credi-
tors suffering. or being benefited by
this new arrangement. The latter are
10 exhibit their titles to the Board Of
Public Credit previous t. the LIST OF Ju'
~ next in order that new ones may Oe
issued to them by the board-In case
of noncompliance. nothius less than a
spe cial decree of the Cnrtes will he re.
ouired to maintain them OIL the list OF
the creditors of the State. Several tax
es, and other branches of revenue, have
been appropriated to the payment OF
the interest, and the produce OF the
sale of the national domains to the gra-
dual extinction of the public debt. "A
sinking fund is also to be established
for the latter purpose.
The committee, to which was refer
red the las project relative to the ex-
termination of malefactors has been
desired to report thereon, with as little
delay as possible, as the confidence q
the boldness of the banditti have IN.
creased to such degree that even pla-
ces with numerous populations are no
longer respected.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-01-31
Washington, January 81.

bOEIHSEsh, JuNuuFy -.
IMPORTANT FROM SPAIN.
Communicated for the Washington Gazette
Extract OF a letter from Madrid, dated in
OF $3.50.
a. mentioned in my last letter TO you,
memoir or pamphlet, written by Don Luis
de Onis, addressed TO the government, and
presented 70 the Cortes, as justification Of
his conduct relative TO the late treaty con-
Guided between him and the United States,
for The cession OF the Floridas. The PAM
phlet has been published for The use Of o.
Mss friends, and have had the reading Of
it, and shall give you the outline. 'or your
government.
Onis traces the origin OF the negotiation TO
the treaty OF 1885 with America, signed by
the Prince of Peace on the part OF SPAIN
He accuses the prince Of want OF geogra-
phical Knowledge of the countries about
which he treated OF the reciprocal interests
ofthe contracting parties OF criminal i'm
policy in cedlng 10 the United States, with
out necessity, rich and fertile lands, teauti-
full rivers, the post of Natchez, and other
points important TO the defence Of Florida.
"He accuses the United States Of design
TO extend themselves into the possessions OF
Spain, seizins all occasions that have offer
ed. aud never ceasing TO foment them That
the flag should cover the property. was ano-
Their fault, says OniS, committed by Godoy
to The Prince in the arrangement OF this trea-
ty, because three or four months afterwards
the americans stipulated he. contrary with
Great Britain hence, England aud Spain
being at war, Spanish property in Ameri-
can ships was good prize TO the British,
whilst British property in American vessels
was not so TO Spain. Onis does no: object
to the stipulation itself, but he changes the
American government with bad faith, for
making subsequently, different one with The
British. In this be is supported by the mar
quis of Yrugo, who claims the honor OF be-
ins the first 10 have discovered the insidious
designs Of the Uaitsd States.
Sc The treaty Of 1909, made by Don Pedro
Ceballo, with the United States, is also CEN
sursd BY Onis; he says, that Spain never