The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-01-29

opposition 70 IL Iced government anen. y
he says, legislature was 10 be chosen that
was 10 appoint electors NJ President: and
when the second efiicer oil the XVI. =. was "A
candidate for governor, all tic influence Ot
their Offices was put ia requisilion and brought
io,o activity. "Ihis influence arises from va
rious sources-the Navy Yard, where large
number OF persons are il public employmeut-
the Custom House, where he remarks . the
patronage j. immense, amounting 10 100000
annualy-tbe judicial establishment, The Off
GERS of which, have exhibited " oftlCicus and
improper interference and the post Office
department. where the patronage amounts to
about $780, 900 annually, being distributed
through GA post offices, which j. he number
OF post masters 10 that state, most Ot whom are
uniriendly to the state administration.
The Goyernour closed this able commAi-
cation by sound reflections on the daIM
which may arise TO state governments from this
improper influence.
= The National Government is from the
necessity Of the case, armed with controlling
authority over the revenues and physical force
Of the country. la its military and naval
estabIishmcnts--in the arTangemen OF tie
National domains-in the disposition Of its
diplomatic iutercourse-in the collection os
lsxes--in the immense patronage which it de-
rves from the numerous and lucrative Offices
in its gih-and in the alluremenrs which are
consequently held forth 10 ambition and Gu
pdity, we perceive the foundation Of an in-
fuence which may be arrayed with q force
almost irresistible against the independence
and stability Of the State Governments"
The following extract from the EInburg Re-
view, exhibits il brief, the judicial system
of France. In viewing the vastness and intri-
cacy Of this establishment, we have great rea-
son to admire the simplicity Of our own.
The conrts OF justice in France present. from.
the number of judges who sit together some
thing like the exterior OF jury, but without any
OF its peculiar Neutrality-suspicious. Of mixing with
the immutabllty and rigour OF law which governs
the Bench, something of the common sense and
common feelln.s OF men,-making strict rule
bend TO Unforeseen circumstances, and placing
arbitrary power in transitory hands least likely
to abuse it..
=. The judicial organizationis as follows
justices Of the peace about 27O0, appointed BY
salary. They try civil causes TO certain a.
mount, beyond which they act only as media
tors between the parties, who cannot proceed
at law before this preliminary reference IA
ny com. romises effected through their
means.
ITrbunallr de premiere instance, composed Of $685.
to SEQ courts, and $500 judges and assistant
judges. An appeal lies from all these to the
Cours d. .4ppei.
C07frs N, 4oaeJ - Ca.,rs
twenty-seven courts, and about one thousand
judges or assistant judges.
Coz" Or Cessation, composed Of az supreme JUDI
ges, divided into three distinct chambers.
For criminal cases. 2. g. 3. Admit or reject
petitions for new trials in civil cases, on the
ground Of defects Of form.
ITtbundur de Commerce, composed Of merchants.
serving without salary, presented by the
body OF merchants, and appointed by the GOV
eminent; deciding in all commercial cases to.
limited amount, without appeal. 2IQ o.
2l5 courts, Of five judges each.
Criminal Cases are classed as follows
1. CoHtrdrenflons. 2. Defls. (Misdemean-
ors) 3 Crimes.
Jus'fessof the Peace try cases of c0nfrareltfon
and can infict five days imprisonment at
most, and fine OF fifteen frances An appeal
lies to the 1r1bGndLr C0rrecfienneLs.
Ifabunalcr iionaeLs, co tposed Of Judges or
naafdemeanors without jury, AID can INFECT.
I. hve years imprisonment, and fine of twelve
thousand francs.
An appeal lies to the CoursG' Appel
Coars .4sSis $, composed of five Judges Nhose
OF the Cours d. .4pPsD, try crimes ith jary.
and can infict capital punishment
ConsstLs de Guerre. They sit permanently il
each of the twenty one military divisions OF
the kingdom are composed of about 200 jud.
ges, all military men.
They try, without jury, not military cases
only, but any crime committed by a military
man even against an individual not military 4
An appeal lies to Consed d. RerisiOn. com
posed like wise Of military men.
". u. This part of the Code is about to be
amended
There are in France altogether about 5000 iud--
ges, exclusive ofjustices Of the peace "a prod
isIous Judicial establishment, compared t. tina
twelve Judgeso England, ten Masters ia Char
Gerry, and the Chancellor
----css,s
We solicit the attention Of our readers to
NAt.A