Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1821-05-29


before there shall have been sufficient time Tor rec-
procal examinations.
You, sit. are well acquainted, that between two
nations a; war; the general laws Of nations must 10Y
ern botb, when there are 40 special treaties reg
ulaie exceptions when treaties exist. the literal
sense thereof mus, bc their common rule Of action
and whatever Is prohibited by such treaties, is
TO be considered Us subject To no other law than
that OF nations. This principle is si,Il more strictly
applicable, when war exists between two nations.
which have been created out of one people and
where part OF the people separate FROM the old
cio,y IN order TO form new and indcleudrn state
between Spain and CoioaiJia no other treaties had
been entered INTO nor exist at present but those
OF tho armisce, aud tho convention regulating an
eventual recurrence ct military operations Those
are the only documents 81 which we can refer as
prior thereto neither OF the parties ACKNOWLEDGED
as rights, the claims OF authority up by the 9TH
err. The armisticc oi IruXiio docs contain any
clause which can be construed to deprive Colour
bra oil the right of giving protection To any people
who claim il on the contrary, our commissioners
did maintain IN opposition the commissioners of
Spam that we reserved 60 ourselves the right Of al
iording protection 10 whomsocyer should embrace
our cause and tor tbs mention was
made in the treaty Of tina, article in which the count
OF Carthagcna required the delivery of the desert
ers and other individuals who had Joined our stand
ara: linus the arnis,icc only prevented either par
~ from passing the boundaries Of the other, and
committing hostilitics. This principle established,
the question is reduced to an cnluirY whether the
occupation of Maracaibo By n Colombian coumn,
OH INC -Stn january, mas been an INVASION Ot the
Spanish territory To investigate this proposition
nationally, we must first whether the actual
state OF suspension of hosiiliiies alters the state
OF the hostile parties further than as il prevents
conflicts and rcprisals. There is vast dissmlaritv
between the two conditions of state of actual
peace, and mere suspension OF arms, in which war
IS only dlvcscd OF part of lis horrors and calam-
itics and IN short, that the treaty OF the arInsce
did not IN any manner guarantee the integrity o, the
territories of the hostile parties circumstance
which is at all times considered rs IN essential con-
cilion OF treaty OF pcacr.
The act of municipality of Maracaiho, which
nave the honor TO enclose is the mos, decided evil
dence, and ut the time, contains the most So
Tenn, formal and spontaneous declaration. in which
any people can express their WILL They had pro-
CLAIMED IN that act OF the 20t january, It's absolute
freedom and independence of thc Spanish noycrn-
ment and IT was not IN the power Of Colombia nor
oil any other section OF America, combating for its
inherent liberties against Spain have taken arms,
or to have any way reprcsscd that people IN the dec
laiaton oil their rights, 20 refuse the acknowi-
edgcment of that frccJom which they had resoly-
Ell IN assert IL Colombia, or any other section of
America, in ccutending with Spain, form for
themselves separate national character. thcy can
no longer bcfonsdcred constituting mart OF tie
spanish monarchy and should any claim be SCI
up, founded on prior possession 10y Spain under the
law OF conquest and force then, this ground OF OBJ
lecuon equally applies IN such case and those right,
oil ioice and conquest cease, when similar force
and conquest dIspossesses Spain. NIaracabo
therefore, under tins view ceased 10 form Part OF
me Spanish coninions, since the 9Th of February
ana tic arms OF Colombia have done no more than
enter country which was already out OF the Span
'l jurisdiction, and acting under laws udcpcnden,
oi It's authority; therefore AaIaCdibo was no longer
part OF the nation II which your eXcellcncy be-
Jis but was at perfect liberty 10 choose such form
0! government they should deem best adapted TO
their own happiness or TO unite themselves with any
other people, as should appear 10 thea. best aJapt-
ca 10 secure tier prosperity. The law OF nations
th;norises Colombia 10 receive that people and 10
incorporate them nj least 10 establish relations
with them. Spain herself has consecrated this rirh
oy most formal act some time since, scanllaleus
indeed as well i'll the manner as in the crcumstan-
ces under which II took place. audc 10 the occu-
PATTON of Alonevidco and the Banda Oriental by the
KING oil BRAZIL sovereign not AT war; but in profess
sed peace and friendship with Spail-and what is
more, after having guaranteed the integrity of the
opanIsh monarchy, that monarchy invaded and oc-
cupIcd with an army that part of the territory on
the river La Plata, and continues still 20 hold them
IN contempt OF all the circumstances OF Spain; who
nevertheless has not considered those treaties
violated nor the peace broken since the occupation
stu continues Brazil has 10 other pretext to aus
tam It's justice in this invasion of the Banda Oen
tai, but that this territory had bcen separated from
Spain, and become new AMI different peoplc-
pray You, SIR, 10 compare Tie of difference
between two nations, ayOwcdly friendly. and two
nations who have not that title but who have been
obstinatc!y combating for many years, and who
annuiled whatever OF connection that subSdcd he fore
the war and the essential differences will be seen
between the occupation of country with the will
and at the express invitation of people as had been
the case OF Colombil and Afaracaibo or to oc-
cupy country againsthc will fthc inliabitants and
violating the right of the ie ndly people as both Bic
nos .iyrcS and Spain actually were ut the time of
the INVASION IN regard TO Brazil. Iffis transaction
mas not violated the treaty Of peace between Spain
and Portugal, II has given occasion 10 n war
can II then be pretended that the arnistice of
Iru'Iillo h',d been nfrinscd by the circumstances
which took place at Maracaibo?
The conduct of nations among each other is the
fstf llp ln,yg .Nfr, D. 4
nave referred their claims To negotiation, and not to
arms why should We not follow an e. ample so
humane, III order that the question in di ,pute may
be decided by reason, and not nv b,oodshed hnt
II unfortunately, none of these considerations can
Sasly your eXcellencv, of the right and Justice of
Colombia to protect Maracaibo | am ready to re-
sort TO another pacific course, which ON other oc-
caSlons has been deemed reasonable and iust---c,
arbItrators be mutually appointed, aud submit the
question to their decision; for my own part will
fulfil the proier which ] made nj st Anna an
point brsadier general Correa political and civil 90
vernon Of Caracas, arbitrator on the part of c.
lomba. But before all other things il Is INV dn,v n
souc.t YOU sir, for positive and explicit answer on
the following points
j. lin case Maracaibo should no; be restored.
would hostilities take place before the cxpira-
ton OF the term of the arInistceo
= 1.-The forty days of previous notification proyi-
ded by the armisflce would be observed, or
iiostliItles commence ut once
.. III the forty would be considered as beqinnjnr
on the day OF notification, or on the date OF
receipt by the other party.
!. II this notification should be made TO the arnv
DOLLY or TO any commandaut of division or post
with the same Formally as to "a general in
chief my conduct will be regulated by that
o. Your eHccllency, as well in Venezuela, as in
Cundinarmnrca, and Quito.
C'od preserve your cXccllency,
s. BOLIVAR
The Circuit court OF the United States held
short session in this town last week, 10 which AIR
Jushco SroEY presided, assisted by judge Pan
RIs of tie District Court
The action between the Suffolk Bank and the Lin