davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-01-29

Village, Notihsrn aud Temple Harmony and
Bridgewater Collection lsttsi Editions.
SCHOOL BOOKS.
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-01-29
MARRIAGE BILE.

On motion Of Mr. SPRAGUE, ol Hal Cnll
this bill was on Thursday iecommitled for the
purpose Of being amended. There seems to
be much difficulty attending this subject for
while the Legislature are anxious to restrain
the evils which have hitherto arisen from The
soiemDZation OF marriages by persons not tn
IN the description aud meaning of the statute,
they wish not TO withhold any facilities, from
persons DESTROYS of entering into that contract,
nor deny the privilege Of performing the Ger.
emony to those who are properly qualified for
the duty. Violations of the law have pre-
ceeded 10 great extent as appears by the nu-
merous petitions which have been presented
TO the Legislature, to render such marriages
valid whether they have been performed wit
tingly or through misrepresentation, we will
not pretend 10 say, though probably there
have been instances of EACH But however
culpable the officiating persons may have
been, no doubt can be entertained OF the limo.
cence Of the parties married.
The Legislature could not, therefore, de
cline ratlfying those proceedings, as well Oh
account Of the guiltless sufferers, as society at
large.g
i he bod order of The community requires
that some remedy should be provided TO heal
the abuses already suffered, and prevent them
IN future.
We have heard OF but one case where q
person has taken advantage OF as illegal mar
rage of the kind, to which we have referred,
aud that is Of too gross nature 10 be kept Sc.
Cret. A man in one of the counties of this
state, whose name we forbear TO mention, was
joined in wedlock some len or twelve years
since, 10y an ltnefant preacher but lately
finding that this marriage MAS void, he has de
serted his wife and six or seven children, the
fruit Of their connection, and joined himself in
legal form with another woman thus rem,
dering bis issue illsgitimate, and leaving them
| unprotected, and running The innocent PARKER
OF his illicit intercourse. Instances Of this des
cription are rare, and for The honor Of ouI
laws, we trust will be hereafter unknown.
We are happy to notice in The proceeding,
of the House of Representatives of Saturda ,
the passage of a Law prohibiting HasgEer.
and Pedfdrs from preying upon the public a.
they have hitherto been permitted TO DO unde
the laws Of Massachusetts This description
of people are chiefly from other States anc
take away good money from our citizens il
exchange tor their almost vatueiess wares
Very many of The Books. of doubtful naoraLlt.
| which are found IN the libraries of our cit
zens, are introduced through the medium o
Pedlars {; and we cannot but hope that the
Senate will concur with The House in the pas
sage,of law which will eiecluaIly remed }
! these evils.
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-01-29

Uuslhes fenaIns unflh lsneu TOT Want o. me.
Mr.. Holmes services IN Congress.
!. Speech and vote in Gen. JAcKsoN,s case.
"only wrong way OF doing the right thing -
2. PensioDing the soldiers Of the revolu-
ton vote for ii one session and speech
gainst Il the next.
3. Repeal of the Coasting Law-sine qua
non OF separalion-kis share in il
A. Vote for the admission of MIssouRI with
on, restriction; at the session Of i8l8-I8l9.
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-01-29

In Scarborough, Mi. John Sawyer, aged about
rs, formerly OF Rowley, Mass.
In, this town, an infant child Of Mr. Samuel
Hsgget.
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-01-29

ton.
The above were all the actions which have
been entered at the Supreme Court IN the course
Of the year--and after deducting Complaint, and
those actions in which the Supreme Court have
original jurisdiction, and those which have been
deiauited, the whole number will stand thus viz:
In York, "a
Cumberland and Oxford, LOT
Lincoln, 41
Kenne bee and Somerset, "a
Hancock and Washington, 50
254
And in three of the counties much of the above
business remains unfinished for want Of inc.
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-01-29

P.S. Being disappointed last Saturday Of
sending the above, | am now able to add
something unore.-Capt MowAr sent a letter
10 the town on Saturday, informing them that
he had heard that Fort Guns were going 10 be
brought in and replaced, in order to destroy
his ship and demanding III the town 10 return
his boats and dive out of tUy7n The cowafdly
mob that was here. The selectmen. warned
town meeting, 10 meet at 8 O'Clock Monday
morning. They met accordingly, and gave
MowAT such an answer as pleased him.
F" That the town disapproved Of the proceed
ings Of tire armed body, but that we were un-
able 10 resist them"
The Rev. Mr.. WlswAL went on board ship
on Saturday and Sabbath morning sent to
his Nardens that he should not preach in the
Church, but that they might come on board if
they pleased and hear hin.-None went.
Some say he has taEssn final leave of his peo-
pie bow iis,.t cannot ~et fad CIT His
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Public Sale.

- On Saturday, the second Of June
" next. will be exposed for sale, on
ssi the premises, all the right title and
interest OF Amos Alexander, to The
following real property: viz. A lot Of gr und
binding on Washington ST. on the west. on
Wythe st. on the south, and on St.Asaph.st.
on the east On the premises are two hcui.
ses, one occupied; the other is new unli-
Dished Two Story frame, which with small
expense, can be ma de tenantable.
Cne undivided moiety of LOT Of ground
at the intersection Of Came ron and Fayette
streets.
One lot. of ground on Payne, betweea
King and Cameron streets On this lot is
shed occupied as Burr Milestone Facto-
ry.
One small Lot on luke st. TO The west Of
Columbus-st. about four feet front running
back eighty eight feet more Or less.
Terms will be made know n at sale.
By order OF the Trustee.
8. A. MARSTELLER, Auct
may % dts
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Caution.

A BOUT the 18th of May, man named
n DAVID M. EMILY, who was in part.
nership with the subscriber, elcped from
Lloydsburg carrying with him all my clothes
and what money we collect in the neighbor.
hood, for the purpose, be stated, Of com.
ing to Alexandria, to purchase IRON
As have every reason to believe that il ID
bis intention to swindle me out of my pro-
perty. ! take this opportunity of cautioning
the public against him. Said Emily is ma
tive Of N. York, % yeats Of age, black hair,
and a long nose, IS very much attached to
drink-by trade. blacksmith Any infor.
nation re pecting the said man will be
thankfully received by
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Sales at Auction.

q IN WEDNESDAY, at 4 O'Clock =. ~;
" iilsir. At not, the next fair day. will bs
sold on the premises, all the LOT 5 at aud
near the corner OF Cameron and WateI-strls.
and those between Water and Uhion-streets,
being the properly OF Thomas Herbert. !.
The lots will be laid out 10 suit purchaf
ssrs, as Improvement is an important object
ID making the sale.
I erns liberal, aud made known at sale.
S. A. MARSTELLER, Auct.
may 90
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Pennanship.

I'VE Subscriber respectfully informs the
Il Ladies and Gentlemen of this city that
ne has commenced his SCHOOL for instruct.
los PeHmasship, at M'Knight's Hall, begin
y. sIng at SIX continuing till eight o'clock in
.ne morning; between the hours eleven and
O"e; and from i've till nine in the evening.
Also, his paivate 'chool, for ins:ructing
regular course Of English and Matbemati-
S'' education, for the man of business, and
~onan tor usefulness; beginning at eight
SVuunulng I'LL eleven o'clock in the morning;
"V -, TWO till i've O'Clock in the evening,
zoe Subscriber 6stters himself that the
lug experience which be has had in School
,e eSsplng' will not fail to give satisfaction,
nay 96-3t SMALL.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
John G.. GrOverman,

w ILL transact business Of the following
Disn. description, on commission, viz
s5 sosIns OF Goods. when positively to be
oGc,. otherwise, at reduced prices, by ap-
|ircl. to purchasers throughout the Dis
|re, ,l collecting accounts IN the town and
bril-. purchasing produce, or other
sIEs; and settling books
hill business that he may be favored with
m NC aaT'ctly attended to, and closed With
~ ,sssioie despatch. Purchasers will fin:
end eI advantage to call at his store, low
&,es, VI FRINGE. and one door above Union
II tenants are ins;tedto leave samples OF
sso@1s as they may have on hand.
10. " offers Goods. for cash or approve,
H.. as low as they can be purchased else
70 The United States. may sS-3t
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29

10000 tickets at DlOis 5ou.ooo
Prizes only to be drawn.
On TO 10th day will be deposited in the
wheel one prize yf D5ooo; on the 18th day
one prize of D5ooo; on the Goth day one
prize OF 5000; on the 25tb day one prize Of
Die, 900; on the 28th day prize Of $4,000;
and on the 3oth daysoDe prize of bloc, 900.
Prizes subject to a deduction OF Is per
cent.
Thirty three drawings.
The drawings will be announced in the
course OF few weeks.
This splendid Lottery being under the
authority of the United States. and the pri-
yes all floating as specified, offers the great
est inducement TO adventures.
Tickets will advance to Dll OH tbs lst
day Of June. -
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29

Cheap Store.
SELLING OFF At COST.
STOCk OF Dry Gvods, China, Crotke,y
~ ware anu Glass.
Phoebe Earl,
Having determined TO sell her goods at re:
tail for cost, offers handsome assortment of
the above mentioned articles, for lower
price than they can be had in the District.
may 24.-f
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
4 Cook Wanted.

A WOMAN that can come well recon-.
N mended as COOK, will meet with
good situation and the best wages. either by
The month or year, by application at the
Gazette Office.
may 90 If
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
80 Dollars Reward.

80 Dollars Reward.
EFF the employment OF the subscriber
~ al Oakville, about one mile from Alex
andria, on Tuesday the 22d inst
4 Negro Man asamed JOE,
About IS years of age; FIVE feet eight or ten
inches high, and of stout lusty form. His
complexion not very black; had down cast
look; broad face and fiat nose; his ears
bored, and sometimes wore ear rings. Had
on when he went away, pair OF drab pam
falcons; blue roudabout, and black hat.
Joe is well acquainted in the city of WASH
Inglon, and it is supposed will endeavor to
gel to Pennsylvania. as he was seen beyond
Badensburgh. He belongs to the estate of
The late w. I. Swan, esq Ten Dollars will
be given il taken in the county of Alexandria:
twenty il taken in the city of Washington,
and thirty il in the state of Maryland. or
elsewhere, and all charges it brought home,
or secured so that get him again
may s8 WIN GLOYD.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29

JOHN ADAM,
Silpersmith e Jesceller,
King street, yAls1undrsa.
HA5 just received from New York, and
IL Philadelphia, handsome assortment
of fashionable
Jetoelry,
consisting OF jet, paste and garnet work, gilt
catches, clasps and snaps Of different pat
terms, few fashionable combs for Ladies,
and white patent wax beads, red do. and
coral do together with good assortment
of
Silver Spoons, &c.
some handsome purses, few punches OF
saten beads, and general assortment of
open, and other 1himbies.
AMULET NECKLACES of different CO.
lours. may Is st
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
A Kew Lost.
For Falmouth, and a market

"a, The brig MISSIONARY, Davis mas
&&& ter, will SAL from the first to the 5th
OF June. 500 bbis freight will be taken il
offered Immediately, and passengers to be
lanied in England, will be taken on mode
rate terms. Apply TO
VIM. FOWLE g. Co.
Who have for sale, landing from the scbr
Little Cberub
6n casks NAILS. assorted sizes.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Manufactured Tobacco.

EORTY kegs manufactured Tobacco,
Il Barclays warranted, small twist,
A few kegs Large Twist superior quality,
Warwick's brand, received by schr. John,
from Richmond, for sale by
THOMAS V. HUCK.
9Th mo 81
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
To be Let,

To be Let,
- That commdious and we'll finish,
@ ed house, adjoining The Farmers
Ess Bank, On Prince street, formerly
A occupied by Mrs. Edmonds as
Boarding School. Ii will BIZ rented on mo-
derate terms, to good tenant Apply to the
subscriber. at Mr.. lannon's Cabinet ma nu .
factory, Royal street.
may 1876 JAMES DAVIDSON.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
IN COUNCIL, May Ia, 1891.

IN COUNCIL, May IA, 1871.
Ordered, That John Grid, Alexander Nc
Kenzie, and Thomas Preston be appointed
Commissioners for holding an election al A.
Rhodes tavern, On Saturday the 2sth inst.
for member to serve in the Common Coun-
Gil, in the place OF Anthony Rhodes, resign
ed
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Rice.

' 10 h hsife casks fresh rice.
The cargo of the schr. Levant. capt. Gri.
6th. from Charleston. this day landing, and
for sale by w. FOWLE y Co.
march 81
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Splendid French
PAPER HANGINGS.

TNHE subscriber has just opened at Mr..
i Poor's auction store, Pennsylvania ave.
nue., opposite Mr.. Browns hotel. superb
assortment of Paperhangings, comprising
every thing in The line, such as
Rich velvet gold papers, with
Handsome velvet & gold testoon borders,
Plain marble papers of all colours,
Several views in bright colours,
Satin papers, common low priced &c.
Together with an assortment Of
american Papers,
some of which he can sell as low as 33t cts.
a piece. Persons wanting the above articles
would do well to give him an early call, as
bis stay is but for short time:
S. ROBINSON.
NIB The best hangers are engaged and
their work warranted 3t*
Washington, May Is.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29

$685. Prizes 2o.ooo l6o,ooo
1854 Blanks ! Tickets
Prizes will be deposited as follows:-Ist
day D. 10 900, ed day 5ooo, Sd day 5000,
5th day 5000, 9th day 10000. and 10th Cay
$4,000,
All the other prizes in the scheme floating
from the commencement of drawing.
Prizes payable 60 days after the drawing
is finished, subject to fifteen per cent. dis.
count.
Whole Tickets DIO Quarters $50
Halves Eighths 25
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
For Freight.

IN THE good brig RESOLUTION,
.S& Capt. Stephen Hopkins. Said zig il
three years old, and sails well.-bur nen
100 bbls a freight will be taken to the
West ladies, BraziIs South America or the
south Of Europe. Enquire Of the. captain ON
board. or E. CORNING.
may a8 ct Vowels Wharf,
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
See, Compare and Judge.

HHE great number OF putting advertise
Il ments that crowd the different n. wspa-
pers 10 the Union, really seems 10 sci com.
mon sense at defiance, particularly as most
of those promises which are made in such
aowery language are never performed. In
the present case, it is different, as il is well
known fact that Runnels has actually sold
prizes to the amount of Scvsn Thousand Dol.
lars within the short space of Three months,
which money has been distributed, exclu.
siyely in this town,--and writing with such
an undoubted fact as this before us, who can
hesitate in purchasing ticket at his iorlu-
nate Office?
This Month
VIII positively commence drauing in the city
Of Philadelphia,
Grand State Lottery,
NINTH CLASS.
SOLOMON ALLEN-JNanugey.
HIGHEST PRIZE,
$4,000 DOLLARS.
prize of Ds5,ooo is $4,000
g 10000 is 10000
8 5000 is $4,000
20 l,ooo is 20,oOo
20 500 is 10000
20 is 1000
$500 IL is $4,000
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29

Notice.
7 OST or mislaid, note of.Eleanora She.
IL ren, to the subscriber, dated 7th May,
1921, for FIVE hundred dollars, payable 60
days after date.-Any person finding the
same will oblige by returning it to me, as it
has, been adjusted, and can be of no use to
any other person.
CHARLES BENNETT.
NAV 22 st
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29

rms bis
ks CON
10 boo
|h0 are
|er feet,
loo. not
without
stance!
Esa,rrerof
Ers,&e.
LAY.
lacking
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Iron, Duck, &c.:

Iron, Duck, Sc:
II ANDlNG from the ship William Baker
IL at Romney's wharf, and for sale
IS tons round, square, and fat Swedish
Iron, assorted sizes
10 bolts Of Russia Duck
100 pieces Ravens do
Is hhds. Molasses
may Is A. c. CAZENOVE 4 Co.
New Orleans Sugar.
TWENTY hogsheads first quality New
Il Orleans Sugar, for sale by
. may 2l WIN. FON LIE & Co.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29
Grand National. Lottery,
FIFTH CLASS.

1924 prizes, I not 2 blanks
$685. 6 blanks, to q prize.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1821-05-29

Barclays Warranted.
TWENTY kegs + halfkegs Manutactur-
L ed Tobacco, Barclays brand, received
~ schr. Mapsico, from Richmond, for sale
~ ldOMAS v. HUN.
april s
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-11-13
MISCELLANY.

We extract The following interesting article
from the Sa' EN- Gazette.
CL4RKSOF SOCIETY.
Mr.. CUSHING,
Permit me 70 draw the attention Of your
readers to an institution, whose name has pro
baby been better known to the public than its
character, is objects and its proceedings |
speak 0: the Clarkson Society. Its name, in
deed, being adopted from that re alous and en-
lightened philanlhropist, whose writings and
efforts 10 the cause of the Blacks had no small
influence IN producing The abolition OF the 10
human Save Trade, would indicate that this
much injured and depressed race Of people
were the objects Of ITS benevoIence.
This Society IS composed OF Ladies, drawn
from different societies, without any distinction
IN regard TO religious sentiments. Female IN
fiueU g, however directed, is always powerful,
and thus combined for kind and charitable pur
poses, cannot fail 10 effect much good
II need not b. stated, that the cUloured peo-
pie have heretofore received but lille moral
culture, and, lei too much to their disad, an
tsgeous condition ID life. were greatly exposed
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-11-13
BIOGRAPHY.

Departed this life al his seat ID the CITY of Burling
ton, (ew Jerssy.) on the 9th day Of October. A. D.
1921, ELIAS BOUDINOT, Esq. LID il the eighty
second year Of biz age
short obituary notice Of this venerable Statesman
Phlanthropis, and Christian has appeared in a Phila
deIphia paper. re was born IN Philadelphia, May O.
174O; and descended from one ofthe Hugonot families
which fed from religious persecution from France He
embraced the profession Of the law in Philadelphia
and afterwards removed into New-Jersev-In the war
vi O ,evoi0on NV held the Office w Connissary Cen
eal ofPhsoners for 4 short timc-He was then elect
Cd a delegate % the Continental Congress- and was the
President Of that iustrous body when II ratified the
Treaty Of Peace Of 1783On the adoption of the exist
ing Constitution Of the Y. 5. he elected Member
Of the House Of Bepresenaives. He was an undeyat-
.ng Fedealist ofthe Washington School lie succeed
ed the celebrated RiAetotSc director 81 the Nation
Al Mint and continued AZ the head Of that institution
during part Of the administration of WashinPtoa al
the administration Of -1aHs and part Of that Of Jefer
son. He was member Of numerous scientific Institu-
ito y and pious Associations But rs zeal III the Bi-
bic Cause unexampled in the annals Of any courl-
Try His munihcent donation to the American Bible
Society at its FIRST organiz8tionhis subsequent bcr-
atty TO aid II the erection Of Depository-the devise
Of large and valuable tract Of and-aud the deep and
undminished interest ne has taken in all the concerns
Of the National Society since he was chosen TO be
its President while they spread his fame through ev
cry region If the globe, viii conseCrate lis memory IN
the hearts Of has feo10-chsens in America and his tcI-
ioU-christions throughout the world. II death was as
happy his life had been useful-In the fun posses
sion Of his mental faculties aad in tae assured persua-
sion Of his approaching dssouton-his faith was firm
ibis patience unexhaus;ed, and his hopes were bright
While with paternal soicitnde he exhoued those a.
round him to the Lord Jesus Christ az the only
true ground Of trust-whe, with solemnity and ten
demess he commended dutiful and aectonate dagh-i
ter (his only child to the Of his surviving friends
with humble resignation, he expressed his readiness
MS desire depart peace the bosom Of his Faith
r. n Heaven and the last prayer he was heard to all
fculate, was, Lord Jesus reeeiUe my spirit r.
The Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1818-1824, 1821-11-13
COMMUNICATION.


FOR TnE GAZETTE
lin. EDfroR-Thc experience ofalmost forty
e 81, fullY veriGes Tire utility Of Sabbath schools
ID sppy consequences resulting from this
T1drse OF instruction, have exceeded the most
altering autcipatons offs friends, and siienccd
tie objections % is enemies. That the minds
WI y1uth shond early be stored wth lessons of wis
dom, will not. we trust, be denied by the chris
lain Of the philanthropst. And where can ies-
IONS be found 81 equal importance with those
contained In the Holy Scriptures, which are
able to make wise uat8 salvation through faith
which i in Christ Jesus
Children should be allowed every reasonable
facility for mem0Fizing the preccpts Of morality
and religion for On the proper bent Of their
minds NAV, and VIC believe viii. IN measure,
depend the honour and stability ofnations in ages
q come.
Impressed with iho importance Of thissrbicct,
the citizens Of Bridge tontn the early part Of the
wear appointed 4 Committee for the purpose Of
Organizing and experimenting Sabbath Schools
.a that town the ensuing season. Under their
direction six schools were opened on the second
sabbath IN June. Nearly 30 teachers, adording
cheerful md voluntary assistance, co-Opcr2ted
with The committee il attending TO the recitatiOns
of the scholars. The Bible was principally stud
led together with some approved catechisms and
hymns The schools continued II sabbaths. On
tie 5th d sept. the scholars, parents and others
assembled AZ TIC Westinghouse where, III con-
1.cxi0n with the usual exercise, the Report Of
the Committee was read, and an address On the
occasion was delivered.
The whole number Of Sabbath scholars was
LITTLE average number 1O7. The whole num-
Der Of verses, &c. rccited, 1886. One scholar
repeated AHA Ycrsce, a others more than 5000
each.
50 lone AZ the benelactors Of mankind are re-
vercd, the name ofRAIKEs, the illustrious founder
Of Sabbath Schools, will be held in the highest
admiration; and thousands, we trust, Will yet
risaup and call him blessed.