Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1820-10-31
CONSTRUCTIONS CONSTRUED,

SECllONS.
]. The principles Of our Constitution.
z. Construction.
3. Sovereignty.
q. The Union.
8. Division and limitation Of power.
q. Property.
Z. The bank decision Corporation
.. The bank decision-Sovereignty of spheres
D. The bank drcision-Supremacy
10. The bank decision Common defence 4,
general welfare Necessary aud proper--Con>
venient-Nationai.
IL. The bank NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
IL. Protecting duties and b.uniies.
IL. Assumption of judicial powers and pat
rosage by legislatures.
IL. The Laws OF Nations.
10. The Missouri Question.
16. The distresses at the United States
PREFACE.
The author OF the following work earnestly
wished to remain unknown but circmmst ances
having rendered ii impossible, his alternative
was reduced 10 an avowal, or an atieciatiou of
concealinent lie hopes, however, that no Que
viii believe him to have been influenced by
except that kind of iceiin. experienced v heu
about to take Il last leave Of Gus friends we
say TO them God bless Won"
he does not solicit the indulgence Of his
readers, as he wishes bis errors TO be correct
ell nor does he expect any, except from those
whose Interests rs not disunilrd from that OF the
society
The end OF fostering eleemosyuary families
mas evidently suggested made OF constituting
our constitutions, which requires that sach
phrases as the following sbuuld be recouciled
" Sovereign serNauts-Suprcm- equaliiv-Un-
limited ns-ConSoiidaied divisions
Inferior snpeiiority-Aud desirable misery"
Thus, representative power NAV be made dcs-
potic; coordinate sphere NAV be made su.
p'eme convenience. like the waves produced
by a pebble thrown Oh smooth water may be
MAGE 10 undulaie indsfinitCiy-a subOi dlnate
judicial power may start UP INTO dictator 10
al lois i'm, .,,I
tons OF power may he cuutonudsd and aholi, IL
ed aud English follies are converted from
OBJECTS OF our adherence, into msdels OF our
limitation. Under reconciliation between
republican and despOiic principles effected by
the new idea o! sovereign servants" our lee
cis'atures are converted into British parlIa-
mcrts. daily new-modeliin: the substance of
ou' government, lay bodies polite, exclusive
privileges, pensions. bouniies, and Judicial. acts,
comprising an arbitrary power OF dispensing
wealth or poverty to individuals and combiua.
lions, az their pleasure
III our system of government produces these
btier fruits naturally. it is snbsidntIall, Euin-
pean and the world, after having contem-
plated with intense interest am. eager soii
c'tnde. The experiment. of the Uuited States,
VIII be surprised TO find, that no experiment al
All mas been made ana thar il still remains TO
De discovered, whstber a political system pte
tcrable TO the British, is within the scope of
human capacity. But it these frnits are not
lis legitimate OiispiiDcs, but of foreign impor
ta'ioh, we ought 10 fulfil The hopes OF mauk kind
byteturning 10 those principles in roastI ming
our system by which il WAS dictated Lei Us
remember That the lucrative parliaiiiies OF IA
government instead of being destre,ed by
nse. like the splendid fabrics OF the loom be-
Spangled with gold and silver 10 crafty pride
and luxury, become richer aud stronger. The
iomger they are worn by ambition and avarice
ne hablt OF cOrrnr,ing our political system
by The InStrumentali;y OF Inference ccny en.
ence and necessity, with an endless series of
consequences lttaRtan ~ hnp III,
OF contraband principles and The boantiful
S'dhteT OF powers not given. or withheld by
our constitutions Ii is. therefore, the natural
enemy OF our home-bred form of government,
anu ought TO awaken the resistance of all le-
Eisiailve and Judicial departments, and the de.
'estdtioh OF every person not enriched Nv ikis
roinouS commerce. Every lover of our insi.
unions ought 10 be a visii6nt custom house
ohcer, and do his utmost 10 prevent heavy
government from being bi oug b. in q aduaIly by
these seeIGineiy light IFS. III is convenient
iof Tue transmission of taxes, that Congress
should create banks; but the constitution does
not delegate 10 The federal government pow
er 10 create political combinations. Invested
WIN power to regulate tile wealth and power.
" OF lhulVIGuals. This rev power of indefinite
magnitude. Is, however, said to he conveyed,
ds consequence of the Convenient mode of
removing money Again. Congress have a
power 10 Feguidfe commerce; hat the ConSii-
in'loh does Not delegate to the federal govern.
hlrht power to make several states tributary
10 one, nor power 10 make the people OF all
hc FiateS tributary 10 d combination of capt.
'aiiSiS, constituting in fact body polite ma
leFiaiIy affecting the interests of all persons
LII tiiis case, also, the inference is made TO be.
SLOW Tar greater power, than that from
Whrh ~ ~ extracted
he nonrislment Of exclusive interests in
AVIS forms. is The universal cause which OBJ.
stfucts Tie prog ess of political science. and
Has placed that which ought To be The first, iri
, we rear OF human improvements. The emo
inments attached TO The administration of civil
government, are u1bdppIy sufficient sug.
gestion 10 avarice and ambItioH that fraud
ana oppression may afford them qualifications
Even Ibis excitement was viewed by Doctor
FRANKLIN as so dangerous To liberty, that he
wished for its suppression, aud refused 10 re.
celVe any compensation as president of Penn
sylvaDia; and Washington would only receive
his expenses for all his services However
impractlcabe those specuiaiions may De, vel
the opinions of these great men are weiehty
authorities against The policy of superaddlng
10 an unavoidable temptation, "a host OF uune-
cessaiy solicitors III behalf of aVafice and am-
bition, retained by exorbiiaut fees paid 10y the
people, whist no reward whatever Is offered %
Tie advocates for lI:,e,,'Ity and mOdeTatiUu-
BY tbs peTuiCi It's pnlcy, union is ior2ned he.
tween the administrators 1T governments and
corrupted combinations, creating an impulse
towards oppression, which abstract pIjncIsles
however good. have hitherto been unable TO
Withdraw. As the brightest beacon may be
eXtineuished by throwing ONE hostile element
on The flame, so the best principles are DIES.
troyed by fostering their TOES.
Yet tile argument ia faVonr Of exclusive
privileges Is, that il is the best mode by which
knowledge can be advanced, aud arts perfect
ed. Under colour OF This assertion, II IL said &,
mat manufactures have never been iutrOduc-
ed iDio any country, except by the coercion Of
the government Thus dcspoiic power OF
distributing wealth aud poverty, as tie capri
ces and vices ct individuals may dictate, is
arliully covered by the protest, that il is ih
best mode Of advai ing arts aud soreness; but
the Truths that they have Hourislied H. pro
portion az industry has bceu free aud proper
~ safe. The gratitude OF knowledge Is there's
| fore due To thdt pOW eT winch has selected in.
| dusttN and philOsopiets for communication