davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
John Jackson & Co.

NFFER FOR SALE,
~ 100 kegs 8's, los, 12's, & ID. twist
tobaceo-iust received per schnr Dolphin,
from Richmond, superior quality and war;
ranted
90 barrels Albany ale, very fine
10 bales cloths, cassineres, flannels,
burlaps, drab cloths. sc. &c.--per sloop
Mechanic, from New York.
IN STORE,
Rum. gin, brandy, wines, almonds, FL
berts, wrapping paper, sc. &c.--on terms
TO meet the views OF purchasers il is pre-
summed, as they will be made very accom-
nodatinp. Dec. 1.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
To Ship-owners,

.iLaSTERS OF VESSELS 4. OTHERS.
E'IIEsuhscriber late from Eng land ma
Z thematical instrument maker, offers
his services to clean and repair all sorts OF
Ships Compasses, Quadrants, SERVANTS, &c.
in The best manner. at bis house on Prince
street. between Pitt and Il. Asaph streets.
Oct 81 DANIEL MUNRO.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
Tobacco and segaI's.
TUST received and for sale, first quality
- Chewiag Tobacco,
Fine favored Spanish Segars.
Sept 90 WIN. DEVAUGHN:
Just Landing,

just Landing,
ENROM brig Susan, from Portland, and
Il for sale at the cabinet warehouse, low
er end of Prnce-street, 50
Carriotes, WaSgoas, e5c.
together with Furniture and Chairs, viz. !:
8 top carrioles, with plated harness
ID jersey Wagons, with harness
Bureaus tables sideboards
Dressing glasses; bedsteads; chairs
A few barrels No Imackerel
A general assortment OF goods in his line
comprising the best vdftety In the District
of Columbia all whic! will be sold low.
ON HAND,
Mahogany, in logs and boards.
6TFurniture, sc. made and repaired as
usUaI SAMUEL WARD.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
Orphans Court.

4ieranSria County, b,e,e
December Term, 100
THRDEEED, That the executor of Geo.
~ A. Thorton, deceased, do insert the
s;staTNot;cc - debtors ADD creditors three
i:snesa week !oy tour weeks IN the Alexan-
Ora newspapers. Acapy.
Teste, 4. MOORE, Reg. wills.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
Book-binding.

,sSstIJE, subscribers respectfully inform their
y z 9rends and the public. that they have
so,n,,nenced the BOOK BINDING AND
sc ATIONARY BUSINESS, on the south
sII.eof King, between Fairfax and Royal
stre1ts-where they otter for sale, small
assortment of Stationary, and variety OF
Blank Books,
oi every kind; all of which are made OF
;neiest materials, and will be disposed OF
pr1sl,e most liberal terms. -. -
Z Orders from Banks, and other public OH
e.. from merchants, and country dealers,
kyifbe thantfn,sy received, and meet with
Idae attention and punctuality.
4 JAsfES s. ARCHIBALD DOUGLASS.
kidnapping paper BY the bale OF ream.
4 sTAacernbarol
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
Wheat Old Corn, and Mary
land Tobacco, .-..,.
i URCHASED BY
Oct "a L.aWR.4SO.N 8. FOIFLE.
Wheat

r wish TO purchase several thousand bush
4 els of wheat, for which2a liberal price
will be given. THOMAS V. HUCK.
9th mo 16 tt
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
.ENo,b4s4.
Notice
Private Tuition.

.T,HE Subscriber has procured a young
i gentleman "a graduate Of Yale col
legc) to conduct private school in his IA
miIy, and would he willing to receive three
or four boarders for the next year. The in.
stracior is eminently qualified TO teach all
the different branches both of classical
and mathematical education.
THOMAS. TURNER.
LFaudilier county. Xir. Nov 80
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY I.
Piano Fortes.

TWO elegant fine toned Piano Fortes,
i with the additional keys, tor sale by !.
JAS. KENNEDY &,SON.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-01-01
.sglishS German Almanacs
For 1919,

NINTH a large and general stock o.
" y school books and stdtioaory, suitable
ss,r The conn,ry trade, for sale by
octa JOHN A. STEWART.
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29
THE ORIGIN OF PAPER MONEY,
FROM A LONDON PAPER.

The invention of papermoney is much
more ancient than the establishment of
the earliest banks. The bank of St.
George, OF Genoa, the most ancient we
know, was founded in l4O7; but before
the end of the thirteenth century, Koblia,
grandson of Ghengis Khan, the Tartar
conqueror, introduced paper money into
China, and his example was at once fol-
lowed by his cousin, Kaigatou, the sultan
OF Persia; both were obliged to abolish
it, on account of the great disorders it
produced in their extensive dominions.
Since this epoch the Chinese govern
ment has again established paper money,
and in Russia they can now show a
" Chinese assignat.'
In Turkey, also, the collectors of GER
tain taxes deliver receipts to those who
pay them, and these papers have the cur
rency of money.
1t IS not pretended that paper money
was first invented by the Mongols; on
the contrary, its invention was every
where as easy as its use was obvious, and
particularly attractive for all govern
ments, for its temporary advantages in
a crisis of difficulty.
The idea of substituting token or
promissory obligation for present intrin-
sic value, could occur even to a simple
or barbarous people, of which there are
many examples.
Aristotle, in his economics, tells us
that Denis, the tyrant of Syracuse, coined
money of tin, which he declared to be
legal, and equivalent to silver!
Timotheus, the general of the Athe-
niaiis, in moment of difficulty, coined
brass money, and assured his murmuring
soldiers that he would receive it in the
purchase of the tspoils he was to make.
We have heard much of the leather mo-
ney used by the Carthag
1t is true, none of these are paper mo-
ney, but resemble it, as merely /" tokens
ofvalue;" the money of confidence; the
l. o. U.
Weread, also, of the iron money of
Byzantium, and of some of the ancient
cities of Greece.
In England our copper money is only
token or sign, current for nearly dou-
BILE its value as metal.
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29
EW-BRUNSWICK.

A contest of some interest has arisen
between governor Smyth and the house
of assembly of the British province of
New-Brunswick.. 1t appears that the
governor directed that duty of one shil-
ling should be paid on every ton of ship
timber exported; the object of which
was declared to be to prevent the waste
and destruction ofthe king woods. The
house Of assembly considered this as an
infringement on their prerogative to in
stitute taxes, and passed resolution re-
probating the measure in strong terms.
This produced message from the 60
vernon dcnouncing the resolution as in
lterfering with the executive authority;
asserting that the duty was not of the ma
ture OF a direct tax, and expressing his
Expectation that the resolution would be
rescinded. On the Esd March the as
sembly took the message into considera-
ton, when motion was made to expunge
the resolution from the journals of the
house, which was decided as follows:
YEAs'-Messrs Humbert, Miles, Will
mot, and Allen-4.
NAYs-Messrs. Esterbrooks, Pagan,
Porter, Smith, Chapman, Johnston,
Ward, Peters, Caverley, Scovil, Agrew,
Wetmore, Britain, Yeamans, M.Kay,
Campbell, Simonds, Dow, and Frazer
10.
So the motion did not prevail; and the
resolution was sustained. Immediately
afterthis decision, the governor dissolped
the assembly,! This is considered as an
" ahfeai TO the heohle," who will pro-
badly return the same members, and thus
fix the legislative and executive authori-
ties in permanent hostility. The effect
will be, that the assembly will deny
the usual supplies; and the governor
can only help himself by re-dissolu-
ton, or by repeating the timber duty.
The revolution in the United States
originated in three benny duty on tea.
Many of those who voted in the negative
above are descendants of the Americans
who emigrated in 1898; who appear to
have inherited portion of the old Wing
spirit Of their ancestors, whatever may
have been the tory notions of their ia
Tiers. Boston Centinel.
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29

In Russia, skins and furs have beer
used for money, but their inconvenient
bulk gave rise, in early time, to an inge-
NOUS representative of these natural
coins, which was small pieces of leather
stamped, which were used as money, to
be liquidated by furs and skins, as ex-
pressed. This leathern coin was used
in some parts, as the fractions of the sill
yer copeck, down to the year 100.
Amongst the simple Hindoos, whose
wants are few, and the produce of the
earth acquired with little labor, gold and
silver, or even copper or iron are of no
great value in comparison; and their
small money is cowry shells collected
on the shores Of Ceylon and of Maldive
islands these shells have been the cur
rent money of the Mongols, of the Ben
gal, and Botan, as well as of Guinea. On
the discovery of America, grains of Ca
Gao served for money. In Abyssinia,
their merchandise are valued by salt
and pepper; at Newfoundland, by cod
fish; i'll Virginia, by tobacco; in Ice
land, by a sort Of wool; pieces ofnankeen
serve for the money of comparison, in the
exchange between the Chinese and the
Russians, at Kiaktu; among the Greeks
of the lower empire, pieces of silk per-
formed this function in ancient chroni-
cles, gold, silver, and silk, are mentioned
equally as money.
The basis of the currency of the Chi
nese and of the Russians, seems to be
more curious and substantial than any
other. The small coins of the Chinese
appear to cost more in the labor of fabri-
cation than they are worth in their cur
rency: they cannot, therefore, be forged,
and the material is mixed metal worth
less in the crucible, or for expectation,
than in its use as coin.
In Russia, the abundant base of their
coin is copper, whose value in coin is less
than in commerce as metal: this is an
unusual condition, but happy one as far
as it extends.
AS riches and calculations increased
with civilization and confidence, and after
the discovery of America and the work.
ing inits mines, gold and silver took with
advantage the place ofthese expedients;
one step further has been taken, on the
basis of credit in the use ofpaper money.
Metallic money, in its value, its guam
tity, its facility and rapidity of circulation
its transport and presence, can no long
er be suitable or equal to the exigencies
of our trade and exchanges: paper is
become indispensable every where in for
eign commerce, and as useful as neces-
sary in the great internal trade of an i'm
proved, active and productive country.
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29
EAST FLORIDA.
Ertract from ElHcott's Journal, hub
Lished in 1914

Ertract from Elhcott's Journal, hub
Hshed in 1914.
"East Florida is but little better than
wilderness; the soil is not superior to
that OF West Florida, and, none of its ma
vigable waters rising in the United States,
it does not appear equally interesting.
1t is, nevertheless, of immense impor-
lance to the United States, being, from
its present situation, well calculated to
give security to the commerce between
the Atlantic and the western states |;
and may be considered one of the main
keys to the trade of the Gulf of Mexico.
On the west side, it affords two remarka-
bly, fine harbors; one is known by the
name of Hillsborough bay, Bay Tompa,
or Spirits Santo j the latitude is stated
to be go So north, and longitude $50
west Of Greenwich. Itisvery capacious,
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29
POETRY.
TO JEssY-BY LORD BYRON.

The .toEOsoing unpublished Sta,=as 4eere address
ed By Lord Byron to his Lady, a fsv months
before their ssparation.l
There is mystic thread of life
So dearly wreath'd with mine alone,
That destiny's relentless knife
AT once must sever both or none.
There is form on whichthese ewes
Have often gazed with fond delight
By day that form their joy supplies,
And dreams restore it through the night.
There is a voice whose tones inspire
Such thrills of rapture in my breast
would not hear seraph choir,
Unless that voice could join the rest.
There is a face whose bushes tell
Affections tale upon the check
But, pallid and one fond farewell
Proclamsmore love than words canspeak.
There is a lip which mine has priest,
And none had ever prest before:
1t vow'd to make me sweetly blest,
And mine-mine only prest it more.
There is a bosom-all my own
Hath pllow'd oft this aching head;
q mouth which smiles on me alone,
An eye whose tears with mine are she'd.
There are two hearts whose movements thrill
In unison SO closely sweet,
That, pulse to pulse responsive still,
That both must heave-or cease to beat.
There are two souls whose equal flow
In gentle streams so calmly run,
That when they part-thcy part !--ah no!
They cannot part-those souls are one.
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29
CARTHAGE BRIDGE.
FROM THE ROCHESTER (NEw-YoRK) TELEGRAPH

FROM THE ROCHESTER, (NEw-YonK) TELEGRAPH.
1t is with pleasure we announce to
the public, that the Carthage Bridge is
completed, and that its strength has been
successfully tested by the authority de-
signated in its charter of incorporation.
1t consists of an entire arch, thrown
across the Genessee river, the chord of
which is 352 7-l2th feet. BY recent
and accurate admeasurement, it is found
that the summit of the arch is 1856 feet
above the surface of the water. 1t is
us feet in length, and so in width, be-
sides four large elbow braces, placed at
the extremities of the arch, and project.
ing Is feet each side of it, thereby pre-
senting resistance to any lateral pres
sure or casualty, equal to width of 60
feet. The travel passes upon the crown
of the arch, which consists of 9 ribs, 2
feet and a inches thick, connected by
braced Jewellers above and below, and
secured by nearly 800 strong iron bolts.
The feet OF the arch rest upon solid
rock, about so feet below the surface of
theupper bank; and the whole structure
is braced and bound together in man.
ner so compact as to disarm even cavil
of its doubts. The arch contains more
than 200 tons, and can sustain any weight
that ordinary travel may bring upon it.
Loaded teams, of more than l8 tons,
passed over it together, a few days since,
and produced very little perceptible ire
NOR. Great credit is due to the con-
tractors, Messrs. Brainard & Chapman,
for their persevering and unremitted eff
forts in accomplishing this stupendous
work.
1t was erected upon frame, called
the supporter, or false bridge. The Ge-
nessee river flows under the bridge with
an impctuous current, andis compressed
to the width of about a hundred and
twenty feet This width was crossed by
commencing frame on each side, near
the margin, and causing the weight be-
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29

and will admit any vessel over the barn1e
drawing more than "a feet water. The
other harbor is called by the Spaniards
Bocca Grande; and by the English Char
lotte harbor; stated to be in lat. 260 49,
north, and go so west longitude. 1t
has 5 feet water on the bar, and good an
chorage within. Exclusive of those har-
bors, there are several others, well calcu-
lated for coasting vessels, that draw not
more than seven feet of water. The Flo
rida Keys and Reef likewise furnish a
great number of harbors proper for coast
ing vessels, and advantageous stations for
cruizers; particularly that of the Key
Biscanio, situated at the northern entrance
of the Reef, and capable of commanding
the whole coasting trade which should
take that passage. This being the en-
trance of the Reef, and the most proper
place to depart from in sailing northward-
ly, would be one the most eligible po-
sitions on the whole coast, and perhaps
on the continent, for lighthouse. But
instead of any advantages being derived
either to the United States. or his Catho-
lie majesty, from these favorable situa-
tons, they serve as dens and hiding places
for the privateers and picaroons of the
Bahama islands, by which the trade of
both nations has suffered immensely in
'spoliations; and, extraordinary as it may
appear, it is no less true, that nearly the
whole coast of East Florida, so far as
maritime possession gives right, is un-
der the dominion Of the Bahama islands;
the coast and islands being uninhabited,
even by single solitary settler, from
Appalachy almost round to St. Angus
tine; from which the inhabitants of the
Bahama islands cut and carry off with
out interruption, as much of the valuable
ship timber as they find necessary Oh
convenient"
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29
THE NAVY,

A joint resolution was passed by the
late congress, the object of which is to
prescribe the manner in which the ships
of the United States navy are hereafter
to be named. 1t ordains, that, for the
future, all vessels shall be named by tho
secretary of the navy, under the direction
of the president, in the following manner:
Ships ofthe first class are to be called
after the states which compose the union.
Ships of the second class are to be calls
ed after the riverssof the United States.
Ships of the third class after the prin>,
cipal cities and towns. And no two ves-
sells IN the navy are to bear the same
name.
Giving loose to the imagination, and
looking forward into the womb of time,
strange things may be conceived to arise
out OF the interchanges of vessels, which
may take place in hard contested naval
war. 1t is not absolutely impossible that
some future English admiral may lead
the British line to battle in the Mez- York,
and be opposed by an American admiral
leading up his fleet inthe London. That
the PhiladeLthia may run ON board the
LiUerhool, and both go down together.
and that the Thames and the Potomac.
grappled yard arm and yard arm, may
take fire and blow up in the fury of an
engagement. alexandria Gazette.
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29
A law was passed at the last session Of
congress fixing the salaries of the followa

"a ietW Wdo PdooC0 d. lllC ldSl SESSION OF
congress fixing the salaries of the followA
ing officers of government as follows:
Secretary of State, $1,000
Secretary of the Treasury. 6OOO
Secretary OF War, GOO
Secretary of the Navy, 5000
Attorney General $500
Post Master General, 1000
Chief Justice of the U. s. 5000
Judges Supreme Court, each, 4500
Assistant Post Master General, $500
Additional Assistant do. 25CO
Salaries to commence on the first Of
January, 1919, and to be paid quarterly.
Articles Of reconciliation 6et7veen mani
and his 7oJe, Oct. 9, 1929; from LIZ.
sons Enviroas Of London.
1t was agreed between Joseph Carori
and Margery, his wife, in manner and
form following:
l, Joseph Caron, do willingly promise
to my wife Margery, that upon condition
that she will not hereafter make farther
inquiry into any thing that hath in time
past occasioncd jealousy on her part,
| from this time forward will forbear tho
private company of any woman or maid
whom she may suspect to be dishonesty
Inclined: and, in particular, because Of
her former suspicious, how Unjust soeyer,
l do promise to estrange myself from
Mrs. Colmer, and whomsoever else she
hath formerly suspected; and that l will
torbear striking her and provoking
speeches., and be as often with her at
meals as can conveniently, and in all
things carry myself as a loving husband
ought to do to his wife. In witness
whereof l have subscribed my name the
day and year above mentioned.
JOSEPH CARON.
/, Margery Caron, do willingly promise
to my foresaid husband, Joseph Caron,
that upon condition that he perform
faithfully what he hath promised, | will
from this day forward forbear to Inquire
into any thing that hath in time past oc-
casioned jealousy in me towards my
husband; and in particular do acquit
Mrs. Colmer, by these presents, fiora
anyguilt of dishonestyw 9TH my husband,
being now persuaded of his innocencf
therein, whatsoever have formerly said
to the contrary; and do promise for tho
time to come, the premises being duly
performed on my husbands part, to car
ny myself towards him in all things az
becometh loving and faithful wife. In
witness whereof | do subscribe my name
the day and year above written.
MARGERY CARON.
Edwardsville spectator. [volume] (Edwardsville, Ill.) 1819-1826, 1819-05-29

The f0gO.0ing unpublished sta,'zas 4eere address
ed By Lord Byron to his LaOy, a fsp months
before their sebarqhon.1
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-02-16
Jones's Point.

FEViIE subscriber wishes to let for one sea-
a. son OF more MS excellent fishery, or is
willing 10 work 1t out on shares.-Applica-
ton to he made 10 him personally, OF writ
ten particulars left at Mr.. George Hills,
tinplale- work CT, Fairfax-street, Alexandra.
He also inibrms the inhabitants OF Alex
aadrla, AMI its neighborhood, that the has
invented nightboit TO bed rooms, byneans
OF which The door is boiled or unbolted
without the trouble OF rising out OF bed
House bells put up. and repaired in the
neatest manner, and on the mos, rcasona-
bic terms. Orders left as above directed,
will be duly attendedto.
February 9 Gs ONES.
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-02-16
Winchester and Alexandria
STAGE.

ENHE Winchester and Alexandra stage,
l. MIXTURE, will stop at the Indian Queen
Tavern, and will leave said tavern on the
same days as before from the City Hotel
fare as usual.
Also an accommodation stage will leave
the same tavern for Washington s. George
town every day at 10 O'Clock A. NJ. and
return at 4 P. M.-fare serenty-fve cents.
N. B All baggage in either stage will be
at the risk of the owners January
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-02-16
Shoes and Hats

Shoes and Hats
S. :. ID. REED
uAVE just received fresh supply,
Il consisting OF the following kinds
Ladies morocco bootees .colored
Do walking shoes, black 4
Do leather do
Do cork sole do
Do morocco slips with military heels
Do black and colored
Do kid slips do
Misses ana children's morocco and lea
Mems calf skin shoes [ther shoe.
Do thick do; boys thick and bound do
Mems and boys ow priced hats
Boys white wool low priced TO
2 boxes ladies' fine straw bonnets
All of the above articles are offered for
sale at low prices for cash, or at the usual
time 10 punctual dealers that purchase by
the quantity. We take this method to in
form country merchants that VT have made
arrangements for large supply of shoes
for the ensuing spring, and shall be able 10
furnish them at The lowest Baltimore and
Philadelphia prices.
Ept-,Iary 10 II
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-02-16
Barn Landing Fishery.

T WILL rent this excellent. fishery, for 5
Il years or less; application can be made
to me personally or by letter, addressed TO
Pohick Church, Fairfax Co. Va. 1t will be
useless to offer less than 500 dollars, that
sum having already been refused.
GEORGE MASON.
Gunston, October 5
Alexandria gazette & daily advertiser. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1817-1822, 1819-02-16
Western Money.

A FEW thousand dollars of Kentucky,
~ Ohio, and Pennsylvania bank notes
for sale al liberal discount, well worth the
attention of drovers and others. Apply at
my Exchange Banking House and Brokers
Office, Bridge-street, Georgetown.
December 10 ROMULUS RIGGS.