Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1818-07-07

RlCHMOND. IULY z
Agr'c''ita'ei Society Of 4AiGemmic.
ADDRESS BY MIR. MADISON,
ILNTk PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES |
GDNriNuED.

ADDRESS BY MIR. MADISON,
LATE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
SpNriNuED.
Could it however be supposed that the
established system and symmetry of ma
lure. Required the number of human be-
mugs on ihe globe 10 be always the same
thai lie only change permitted I'm relation
To them, was in their tIi ,iribuiiou over
II; still, ~ HE blessing oi existence 10
That number wnuld materially depend on
III" paris OF the globe on which they may
be thrown; on The degree la which their
situation MAY i,e cou, eiieul or crowded:
and on III" uaiure OF their political and
SOCIAL ias;iiu',nnS moiircs would not be
"aniiiS 10 obtain for our portion of tie
tst'h, rs i"itest share, ~ improving the
resources OF human Subsistence, accord
iig 10 thr iair measure of its capacily...
for' ~ wha' oiiier portion of equal extent
VIII ne found CLIMATES more friendly 10
the health, or coneenial 10 the FEELINGS of
lis inhabitants In what other. a soil
Welding more food with not more LAHORE
And above all, where will be found insii.
iutions equally securing The blessings of
personal independence. aud of social ell
IoymenIs { The euvIallr condition of The
people Of The United States, is often too
much ascrihcd to the piiysii ala,ivauiages
OF their soil and climate. and TO their M
crowded situation. Much is certainly dine
TO these carScS-but a inst estimate of the
happiness OF our country, will never over
look what belongs to the fertile activity of
Tree people, and the benign influence Of
Il responsible government.
In proportion as we relax the hypo;he-
Sis which makes the aggregate number of
mankind unsuscep,ble of change. and
believe that The resources OF our country
IN ~ NJ ft.,txs
happiness of given number, but TO the
augmentation OF the Number enioyiup "A
greater happiness, The motives become
stronger for the improvement and extern
sion Of them.
Bui, whilst all are sensible that agricui-
iure Is the basis of population and prospe-
rliy, II cannot be denied that the study
and practice of IFS true principles have
hitherto been too generally neglected i'm
The Umt,d States and that this state has
at leas, lis full! share of the blame. Now
only for the first time, Notwithstanding
several mcrioriuus examples of earlier
date, general attention seems 10 be AVA
kened 10 the necessity Of "A reform Patri-
Ole societies, ihe best agents for eifeciing
1t, are pursuing The Objec; with the ami
maiion and intelligence which character
Ize the efforts OF self governed people,
may be directed.
Among these promising institutions, I
cannot glance al The ndmes Of those COM
posing that Of Aibemarle, without beiDr
assured, that lis full quota of information
VIII be furnished 10 the general sIock.
regret only, that my own competency
bears SO hit.e proportion To my wishes 10
co operatewitb them. That | NAV moi be
thought, however, deficient in good will.
as we'll as In other requisites, | shall ven
ture ~ tle task, 4 task the least difficult.
OF pointing Out some OF The most preva-
ten, errors III our hnshandry, and which
appear to be among those which NAV me-
III The attention ot the society. and the
instructive examples of his members.
j. The error FIRST fa h" noticed is that
OF cniiya:ing land, either naIusally poor
or empoperl$hcd by cultivation. Ihis,er-
ror, like many others, Is the effect of Iiab-
II, continued after the reason for il he's
failed. Whilst there was an abundance
of fresh and fertile soil it was ibe interest
of Tie cnIliYaior to spread his labor over
as great Il surface As he could. Land be-
ing cheap and labor dear, and the land
cooperating oweritIly with the labor. it
WIS profitable 10 draw Is Huci, as posi-
bic from The land. Labor is now compa-
raiiVe'y cheaper and land dearer Where
iabor iias r,seu IN price fOurfold ,iand has
risen tenfoId. Ii might be profitable.
therefore, now TO contract the surface over
which labor is spread, even If tire soil re-
tanned lis freshness and fertility. But this
Is not the case. Much OF The fertile soil
Is exhausted ,anduBlertile soilsare brought
int" cultivation; and both co operating
less with abour IN producing the crop, il
is necessary TO consider how far labor can
h.a. .rDfr t.Al. Il al
II ought not 10 he lied owartls making
Them fertile, rather than III further empo-
verishlng them, or whether it might not
be more protiably applied to mechani-
cal occupations, or TO domestic nanutac-
lures.
In the old countries Of Europe, where
labor Is cheap, and land dear, the object
Is TO augment labour, and contract The
space or which 1t IS employed. In the
new settlements taking place in Ibis coun-
try, tie original practice here may be ra-
iiouaiy pursued. In the old settlements.
the reason for the practice in Europe is
becoming daily less inapplicahle and we
ought to Weld 10 the change of circum-
stances, By forbearing to waste our labour
OF land, which, besides not paving Tor il,
Is still more Impoverished, and rendered
more difficult 10 be made rich. The crop
"hich Is OF ieaSi amount, gives Tie blow
most mortal io The soil. 1t has rel been
a very rare thing 10 see lard under tie
plough, not producing enough to feed
Tie pi0ngbmau and Ills horse and Ills in
such cases, tat ibe death blDW is given.
Tie goose IS killed, without even obtain
my The cOtetedeQg.
1Lere cannot be 4 more raiicnal prin-
clple 10 tie COTE Of agriculture. fban thst
every farm which is iu scot toart should