Elizabeth-Town gazette. [volume] (Elizabeth-Town, N.J.) 1818-1821, 1818-12-08

by their pulpits, their presses, and their
public orations. The people were to be
prepared for the event. When the season
arrived, they cut the knot which could
not be united. The declaration of indie
pendence was adopted in the dictatorship
of Mr.. Pueyrredon, on the ninth day Of
July, 1916. TWAS succeeded by an able
exposition of the causes that extorted il,
to justify, to their fellow-citizens and TO
the world, the measure they had delibe-
rately voted TO support with their fortunes
and their lives.
Believing the latter paper might be
thought worthy of perusal, translation
mas been annexed, (Appendix b.
The salutary influence of this bold and
decisive step, was at once felt throughout
the country 1t gave new life and strength
TO the patriotic cause, and stability to the
government. The victories of Cnacabuco
aud Maipu, achieved by the arms of Chill
and Buenos Ayres, have produced and
confirmed similar declsrati0sof indie
pendence by the people of Chill, which is
also annexed, (Appendix C, and cement.
ed the cordial union existing between the
confederate states. The consequence has
been, that, within these extensive terrific
ries, there is scarcely the vestige Of o royal
army to be found, except on the borders
of Peru.
Having thus, in connection with the
succinct account givenby Fumes, traced
the principal events, since the revolution
in Buenos Ayres, shall proceed to state
the result of the information received, ac-
cording TO the best opinion could form
of the extent, population, government aud
resources of the United Provinces, with
their productions, imports, and exports,
trade and commerce.
The late vice royalty Of Buenos Ayres,
of which that city was the metropolis, was
by many considered the largest, as well
as the most valuable of all the Spanish
dominions in South America, extending
in a direct line, from its north TO its south
boundary, a distance of more than two
thousand miles: and from its eastern to its
western, not less than eleven hundred.
1t was composed, at the commencement
of the revolution, of the nine provinces,
or intendencies following: Buenos Ayres.
Paraguay, Cordova, SalIa, Potosi, La PIa-
ia, Chochabamba, La Paz and Puno.
W altered by the sreo.- :~ssay La Plata and
its numerous tributary streams, which al
ford an easy communication with coun.
tries of an immense extent, and furnishing
an easy access to the treasures of South
America, it has always been regarded by
Spain, as one of her most precious acqui-
sitions. Enjoying every variety Of cli-
mate to be found between different and
distant ATTITUDES, and blessed with large
portion of fertile soil, it is capable of pro-
ducins all that is to be found in the tenn
perate or torrid zones. Immense herds of
cattle and horses Craze on its extensive
plains, and constitute at this time, their
principal source of wealth. The mines of
Potosi are alsoincluded within its bouRda-
ries. There are no woods for a very con-
siderable distance from Buenos Ayres.
No forest trees are TO be seen on the wide
iy extended Pampas, except at intervals
a solitary umboe. After passing the Sala-
dido, in a northerly direction, the woods
begin, and, proceeding 10 the upper pro-
vinces, the hills appear, and mountains
rise in succession, interspersed with val
lies. On the east side of the rivers La
Plata and Parana, the country is said to
be very fne. The Entire Rios, is repre-
sented as capable of being made garden
spot; aud the Banda Oriental presents
hills and dales, rich bottoms, fine streams
of water, and at distance from the great
river, on the banks Of the smaller streams,
some excellent woodland. Between NAL
donada and Monte VideO, the east ridge
of the Cordilleras terminates on the river
La Plata.
Since the revolution, Eve more provin-
ces have been erected, making in all four
teen within the limits of the ancient vice
royalty, viz. Tucuman, taken from Salta
Mendoza or Cupo, taken from Cordova ;
Corrientes, Entire Rios, comprising the
country between the Uruguay, and the
Parana, and the Banda Oriental, OF east
ern shore Of the river La Plata. The
two last were taken from the province Of
Buenos Ayres, which was thus reduced to
the territory on the south side of that
river. The subordinate divisions OF the
country, with the principal towns, will
be found in the appendix to this report
with an account of the produce, or manu-
features of the different districts.-(Ap.
pendix D..
OF the fourteen provinces into which
the ancient vice royalty is now divided
five were, at my departure, principally
occupied by the royal forces, (Which, 10
consequence Of the victory Of Maipu, were
expected soon to retreat TO Lower Peru,
J y. - =. l.aa...,s- q.