Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1818-11-27


ence, viz. Potosi, La Plata. Cochabamba, La
| Paz. and Puno: and the nine following inde-
pendent III Jscto of Spain, were IA tue posses
| sion OF the Patriots, Wa. Buenos Ayres. Para
| quay. Mendoza, Salta, Corieutes, Entire Rios
aud Banda Oriental. SUt Paraguay and the
Sauta Fe act independ, ntiy OF Bnenos Ayes
| though Paraguay IS not on unftiendiy terms
| with them, aud u is hoped by some viii bt lore
lo1S join tie union. Entire Rios aud the Ban
ia Oriental, under general Ar,igas in the cha.
| raeter of chief of tie 0rientols, are ia a state
| OF hostility with Buvnos Ayres.
Monte Nideo, the Capital OF the Eastern
1 shore, was occupied by Portuguese army,
| and squadron OF ships Of war from B,alli
| blockaded tie ports ofCslonia and nj aldonado,
! ir,i prohibited the entrance OF neutral vessels.
unless they paid them the same duties on their
cargoes, that they were cltat ed on the lnlror-
! tauon OF the goods when landed in the country.
| The territory of the United Provinces IL
| computed 10 contain one hnDdred and fifty
| thousand square leagues, though II probably
] exceeds that quantity.
The lands occupied III the country, remote
from the cities, are generally converted by their
owners, into estanias, or large grazing farms
Tor cattle, and chacras for growing grain. the
small far,n, or qunias, III the ue,ghhorhood OF
cities, are in iiiie order. Those around Buenos
| Ayres, which furnish Their market With ample
supply OF fruit and vegetables, are, by irriga
t,on, IN the highest state of culture.
The population, exclusive OF the Indians, is
now calculated AT about one million three hun.
| dred thousand but, adding the civilized Indi
| ans only, who are OF great importance, II
would in all probability exceed two millions.
The whole population consists ut natives of
old Spain. and their descendants born in the
country, or as they style themselves, South
Americans of Indians civilized. or unreciain-
ed, with different casts, or mixed blood of
Africans. and their descendants, or negroes
aDd mulattoes.
Iconld not asceriaia, with satisfaction, the
population of the different provinces the
province of Bnenos Ayres contains about one
handled ard twenty thousand, whilst the
population of Entie Rios aud Banda Oriental
is computed At fifty thousand
The city of Buenos Ayres contains pOpu-
laiion OF sixty thousand. The inhabitants of
tins place appear 10 he amiabe, aud an inter
estng people. They are considered brave and
humane 81 possessing Intelligence, capable ct
great exertlonS and perseverance, and mani
testing a cheerful devotion to the cause of
freedom and dependence.
There is also a certain mediocrity and equali-
" otiortuDe prevailing among them. extremely
favorable 10 a union of the popular sentiment
IN support of The common veal Many mjns
trous me. -Aanics, and enterprising merchants,
are, however increasing their estates, and
adding TO the stock of capital in the country.
Ire people of the province of Buenos Ayres,
residing out OF the city. are. generally speaking,
poor, and rather INDECENT: though hardy race,
and when excited to actinn, they become
Jealous defenders of the liberties of Their coun
ny. They are capable of great Improvement,
anu under the influence of a good example,
when change takes place in their habits and
manner of living, they bid fair 10 become
ial and industrious citizens.
The inhabitants of Cordoya are said TO be
mere supersti,ious, aud more industrious, but
less patriotic. This is principally attributed
to the loss of the trade with Peru, occasioned
by the revolutionary war.
Iucuman, was informed, possessed an ex-
celieut population.
The people of Mendoza, or Cuys are moral
Industrious and patriotic. They have sacritic.
Ell largely at the shrine of independence, sup-
porting with zeal aud confidence the cause of
their country; whilst the citizens OF Santa Fe
are represented, as immoral aud insubordi
nate, aid manifesing, on most occasions, an
extreme Jealousy of their neighbours.
The population of Entire Rios and Banda
Oriental is perhaps notinferior in valor to that
OF Buenos Ayres. Nor il il deficient in military
SIKH. particularly in carrying paTtiZan
warfare, for which its troops admirably
adapted. Their other good qualities have been
probably somewhat impaired by the system
pursued in that quarter, where they have been
compelled to give up every thing like civil
avocations, and 10 continue without any regu-
lar KIND OF government, under the absolute
contlou OF chief, who, whatever may be- his
political principles or professions. in practice
concentrates all power, legislative, judicial,
aud executive, in himself.
The general congress of the y Eited PROVING
| es, assembled at BueuOs AyreS, on the Sd IT
December, of 1917, established, by provision
al statnfe, temporary form of government,
which will be found in Appendix mark ed E.
ANS Congress is comprised of deputies from
the different provinces. II actually consists of
twenty-six members But, as representative
Is allowed for every fifteen thousand citizens,
II would be numerous, ifail The pro Vinces had
sent delegates in that ratio of population.
With some exec options, and particularly of the
palladium of ourrights, whichis unk nown TO the
civil law, the trial by jury, tie provisional con-
stituti0n, will befound, on an attentive perusal
10 contain distinctrecogn,tono OF many of the
vital principles of free g0Sernment. A church
eStdDshlDeDt also that or tie catholic faith, Is
contrary To our ideas OF relgiosS freedom
though MEASURE, adopted from necessity,
perhaps, by them.
1t declares, that all power legislative, jadi-
cIai, dnd executive, resides in line nation. The
congress are TO be chosen by, electors, who are
TO be voted for by the people the primary as
sembiies. The cabildos, ormnnicpalliies, are
to lie elected immediately by The citzens liz
/ recognizes the independence of the lId caTy,
aud declares the tenure of Office, with respect
10 the superior Judges, TO be during good he
havior. 1t provides for the election ot chief
magistrate ny congress, removable when theS
choose to appoint a successor and responsible
for the execution OF the duties OF his Office.
which are defined aud limited. In the oath of
0Hce. lie is swOra 10 preserve the integrity aud
Independence of the country.
The three great departments Of state, of the
treasury, and of war, are distinctly marked
ont, aud thsir respective powers and duties
assigned
On some subjects il enters more into detail
Than is uSusl with us. particularly those ofther
army, navy, and militia. Gnt this, perhaps, in
their situation, was necessary.
Ii provides that no citizen shall accept title
OF nobility, without FORGETTING the character of
citizenship.
1t provides, also, against general warrants,
ald the arrest OF individuals, unless on proba-
bie proof of guilt.
1t contains salntary provision that Judge
having original Jurisdiction, before taking
cognizance of the cause, shall use all possible
means OF reconcliing the parties. This consii.
| tuition is but temporary. The Congress are
engaged in the task OF forming a permanent
| one. In the mean time, no alteration Can be
made in the present. unless with the consent Of
| two thirds of the members. In this manner