Richmond enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1815-1867, 1817-10-07

'uV AtdE lOVt
Indigenous. or indians, 100000
Whites, Natives or Creoles. l,025.0 eco
Spaniards or Europeans by birth, 10000
Africans. Negroes, 6,iOo
Casts Of mixed blood, Natives, 1921 900
Total, 5,s37. 100
The Indigenous Indians and the mixed
class form about three fourihs OF the whole
population of new Spain. They are the
laborers, the farmers and the peassniry
of the country. This class can boast
however cf men Of the finest talents the
country hes produced. They excelm ma
tlcn,a,ics and the mechanic arts; nor
are they inferior in any walk which thejea
lousy, superstition aud ,iespoiism that
has hitherto reigned over their delightful
but unfortunate country wni permit them
TO pursue. Although they have as much
piety and adhere as rigid.y 10 The praeii-
ees ofvir;ue as ANY other class, vet 10 find
a no.iye admitted To even curateship OF
poor frontier parish is rarely or indeed
no where ia be found but 10 some of the
sickly parishes ON the coast. AS a proof
of their g mus and love Of science, there
are eleven grammars or the Attic Ian
guage. Nor is this taste los science the
result Of their communi, alton with Eau
ropeans, for soon after Tie conquest of
the country by Cortes, i,dscalan chief,
awaiting himself OF the Roman Alpha bet,
Introduced by the Spamiards. composed
iii his own language a history CT his own
country from the native bicro.iypi,ic wri-
tin@S, IN which he relates lis wars and
iriuuphs witt, great spirit, asd r,ouTus o.
yer lis m;sforuncs and ,inal reduction TO
slavery BY Il transatlantic people Tho had
entered il as friends, snbdued il as enc
mics, end then oppressed il as despots.
This Class oi indigenous natives are made
10 feel their degraded situation at every
tUrE. They are remarkable, it is said,
for melancholy cast Of character they
feel unhappy and love TO talk of The glo-
ry OF ancient times, and there are, even
70 this day, many descendants of the
Chiefs OF the 'Fiascalan Republic, who re-
luse 10 respect or mingle with their Eu-
ro2ean task masters.
The class ct free white natives constitute
what may be called tie gentry Of the coun-
try, but they are rarely it ever trusted with
any Office in any branch Gifts government;
since the conquest there has been but one
native born vIcerOy of Mexico. They
are always sent out from The mother
coun!ry.-Nor Indeed, kas it ever been
The practice or the policy Of Spain TO en-
trust any of the most inferior offices in
the hands Of natives which could pos
sib'y be filled by Europeans. This pO-
Icy and practice is felt ana continually
spoken OF as most degrading Insult. Ii
has perhaps continued silent suhmissi
on 10 the despUiism OF the mother coun-
Try longer than could otherwise have
been maintained, but it IA. at the same
time sown and kept alive the most deep
rooted hatred among the great macs 81
The population against the authority of;lle
mother country.-No,hing can furnish
stronger proof Of the inveteracy Of this
hatred than its having shaken the auiho-
riiy of the church for d great many of
the inferior clergy whom this policy has
depriV ed al an hopes OF ecclesiastical pre-
terment, have become decided friends Of
Independence and enemies oS,he bishops
Of the Peninsula. II IS III N1ln that his
Holiness the Pope has Gecn lately called
on 20 interfere N ting emergency the
cause Of discomfort is loo deeply seated
to he thus cradicated. The brief Of his
Holiness, dated at Rome, 30ih Jan. 1916,
and sealed Sc with "a fshermams scap was
rather out OF season, and tile world has
seen how perfectly idle il was in the Holy
Father To exhort all ihe clergy, both regl-
lar and secular to spare no exeriion 10
root away and destroy completely the IA
tai causes ofiroubles and rebel.ionS which
the enemy of mankind has sown in those
couniries-and 10 demonstrate TO every
individual Of their flock, with all the zeal
in their power, he terrible and Miul de
sriuctiOn arising from rebellion, and 10 re-
presentthe iliustrious and singular rrtucs@
OF his most beloved son in Jesus Christ,
Ferdinand their Catholic king. who holds
nothing more rqiua6ie than religion and
the happiness Of his subjects"
The nature Of the settlement of new
Spain has in q great degree mixed and a.
magamaied the white with the indigo
nous population of the country, aud
the jealous distruSiiul policy Of The go
yeYDmcut has united thess classes OF the
people in political principle and feeling,
has inspired them with contempt and Iva
tired towards both tie church and the
state of Tie Peninsula; and thus in Il very
peculiar and eminent manner prepared
them for liberty and independence. Such
are the proportions, character and tenn
per Of the population of New Spain.
AIl the principal settlements Of Spain
upon the American continent have been
founded npon conquered people of
mghiy thitEfH iIU'diS ~ CiNltLeu
Muyscans surround st. Fe de Bogoia as
lie pessaniry u cul)ivators ottlat fine sa-
lubriGus tract oftable land in like condi-
ton, proportion, temper and character as
the AztIc. auA Tla<calams are seated a
bout nlexico--and the indigenous, the
native White and the mixed class Of Peru,
of Chill aud OF The neiglibOnrllood of
BucnOs Ayres and the extensive plains
cxtot,t alou,r Tho shores cf fi,p | 9, pf4ta 10
the Foot of tue Cordilleras, ar all with
sentialy and substantially the samc in