Portland gazette and Maine advertiser. (Portland, Me.) 1805-1818, 1815-01-23

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thought proper TO anume. = They have
confined their attention to fuch as rxpcs
r;encc has demonifrated to be eiTcntias,
and even among thfee, fome arc coniid
cred entitled to more ferrous attention
than Others They are fuggeited With
out any intentional difrefpcct to other
States, and are meant TO be fuch as all
ihaIl find an intercif in promoting
Their object is to itrengthen, and if
poflible 70 perpctuate, the Union Of he
States, by removing the grounds Of ex-
iltine jeslouG's $, AID providing for a fair
and equal representation and a limitation
Of powers, which have been mlfufrd.
| TIE 6rE amendment propofed, relates
to the superintendent of Representatives
among thu fave holding States. his
cannot be CLAIMED as right. ihoscStates
arc entitled to the fave representation.
by conititutional compact lit is there
fore merely fubject of agreement,
which ihculd be conducted upon princi
pies Of mutual inicrcit and accommOda
ton, and upon which no fcnGbiiity on
either Gde fhould be permitted 10 exit
Il has proved unjuit and unequal in its
operation. Had this effect been fore
icen, the privilege would probably NOT
have been demanded, certainly nor con-
ceded Its tendency in future will be
aoverie to that 'harmony and mutual con-
| 6drnce, which are more conducive to
the happinels and PROPERTY of every con
federated State, than mere prepondcr-
arce of power, the prolific fource of
| iealouGes and ooutrcveriy, can be to any
one OF them. Inc time may therefore
arrive, when fenfr Of magsaanimify and
ljuitice viii. reconcile thofc States to ac-
quiefs in revilon of this article, ef-
pecially as fair equivalent would refult
to them in the apporiionncnt of taxes.
The next amendment relates to the
Ammunition of new States into the union.
This amendment IS deemed to be
highly important, and in fact indfpen
fable In propoiing it, il is not intended
to recognize the right of Congrefs to adj
nit new 5tares without the original lin
IFS of the Uaitcd States, nor is any
idea entertained Of ditturbing the
tranquility ofany State already adm tied
into the union. The object is merely to
refrain the conititutionai power of Con
crefs in admitting new States AT the
| adoption If the Contribution, certain
balance of power among the original
parties was conlidesed 10 exit and there
was at that time, and yet is among thsfc
parties, itrong affinity between the r
great and general intereis. BY the adj
milton Of thsfe States that balance has
been materially affected. and unIeis the
practice be modified, mutt ultimately be
dcifroyed Ire Southern States will
avail thcmfelves Of their new confcacr-
a.es to govern the Eait, and finally the
Weftern States n,u tipltsd in number, and
augmented in popula ion, will controui
the in,ere.fs OF the whole. Thus for the
sake of prefent power. the Southern
States will be common fuifsrers with The
Ealt, in the lois Of permanent sdvanta
pcs. None Of the old STATES can lind an
int ereit in creating prematurely an over
whelmag Weflern influence, which may
hereafter difcern Gas it has herctoforr)
benefits to be derived to them by wars
and commercial restrictions.
rhc next amendments prcpoied by
the Convention, relate to the powers OF
Congrefs. in relation to Embargo and
the Introduction of commerce
Whatever theories upon the fubject OF
commerce, have hitherto divided the
pinions of ltatcimen, experience has at
lat ln-wn that it is vital intcrcit IN
the United States, and that its iuccels IS
en.ntial to the encouragement Of agricul
lure and manufactures, and to the
wealth, finances, defence, and liberty OF
the nation. Its welfare can never inter-
fere with the other great inrcrs its OF the
State, but mutt promote and uphold
:hem. Still! thofc who are Immediately
concerned in the profecution Of COM
mercc. will Of ncce1ity b: always mi
nor.ty of the nation. They are, howev-
er. beit qualified to manage and direct
its courfc by the advantages Of expert
cnce, and the fenfe Of intcrcit. But they
arc entirely unable TO protect themielves
apainit the fuddcn and injudicious dccii
"a. .->-:ov.t;nc and the milf ak .n