davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24
State of ireland,
From the Lonaou Courier.
Mr.. Justice R-,cber.

This learned judges charge to the GRAD
Jury OF the county of Wexford, frelans ~
Sns late assIzes, has been published . II IL
OF great length and has been much faltsJ
After fe'icitating ne gentlemen of The
grand Jury UPON the very TRANQUIL and nros-
porous state of their country, the lear,sd
Judge proceeds to deseant generally mon N.
actual state of those parts of Ireland xb;ch
had Come under his Own personal observa.s
ton. Upon this, he says, Much exarve,
ratons mad gone abroad ; they had found
their way into Gngiisl newspaper and done
muc !. mischief" On the subject of tbese
Disturbances he says 81 do now puS,iclv
state. that never. during The igtire period Of
my Ju"ic'ai experience, comprising sixtccn
ercu''s'j nave discovered or observed anv
serious purpose, or settled scheme. &c assa;J-
ing his majesty's COVE, nment, or any ron.
spiracy connected with in .ernal rehe.s ~ s.
reign foes. But various deep rooted and
neglected Causes, producing similar efrects
throughout this Country. have consp;red =,
create the evils which really and trnly do
EXIST The learned judge then proceeds 90
state the causes as follow:
" First-fhe extri ordinary rise ~ i,,,
occas'oned BY the great and increasing de-
maud Tor the necess iries of life. and by pro.
cocihg large profits to tie possessors of
arms excited a proportionate avidity for ac-
curing or renting lands Hence extraya.
ssos rents have been bid for iauds, without
any great consideration and I have seea
'hese Two circumstances operating a,on each
gther IKE Cause and effect--the cause orc.
pucins the effect; and the eject, by re- acti.
on producing the Cause. Next-the coun-
Try mas been delayed by an enorn ,us paper
currency, which has generated a new crime.
now prominent upon the list. IN every [cajen.
aar----the Crime of making and uttcrns
,crsed Bank notcs In every provinces we
nave seen private banks failing, and running
asd .hus have fresh m.schbes
noweu rom tiis paper circulation. In the
next place, he couotry has seen a mayisA
tracy oyer-actiye IN SO ne iustansss and aeite
IN others This circumstance has
materially affected the Admins ration OF tie
avs in ireland 10 this respect I have
that those societies, called Orange
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24
Patfof.
P~HrLApELrn1A. Dec 16.

We have peculiar satisfaction in pnb.
fishing tie Vote in the General Assembly
~ This state. ON the election osa Senator Of
the United States for six yeara. from the
9th orMarch, 1914. 1t is honorable to the ~
dividual. 70 the parry b the safe Mr. Fra
iey's frank withdrawal 9th shame as a can
didate left Mr.. Roberts without a republican
competitor. and hehad the vote oserery re-
REPUBLICAN, member present This is a just
tribute Of honorable approbnt ion to a maa
who. with disinteredncss, wisdom. patriot
ism and zeal pursues the happiness OF his
country. Pennsylvania il as she ought 70
be, pround 10 be represented by such men as
Ahner Lfcpck and Jonathan Roberts
ibis is no tribute Of p%ersunsl friendship, it
is the simpis publication of what we know
10 be the voice of the state it is a feeble e.
cho of the legislative vote.
Dem. Press.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24

The following articles were found on board
a small transport sioop, which accompanied the
british flee, a. far rs Motto, in Sep. !
terher last. and ther- sunk in consequence OF
being TOO heavy loaded.
The enemy carried OF three eighteen poun
ders which they had mounted on a small batte-
ry creaied on the west side at the Island ; but
permitted the sloop TO remain, which was att
erwards raised by the inhabitants of IslerLa-
MOTIF, and the stores taken out, viz.
25,oo0 sand hrrs,
500 rascine kssyes,
Aaa.ehor Weighing 500 lbs.
a 6inch cable, 504 feet IN lers,s,
A large quantity os shot and shells,
200 shnvels and spades,
leo pick axes,
20 kegs powder,
A number of bbls. beef and pork,
And several bills. of hard bread,
a barre of sugar. &c.
The siocp was formerly a packet between this
place and Burlington, and taken by the enemy.
IL this hsrbor, in their excursion up the lake in
1sie-it has since been restored to its former
owner.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24
CONGRESS-.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

SATURDAY,. Dec. ~,
Mr.. Webster OF N. Y. and Mr.. Wilson o,
fen. presented petitions feom towns in their
rSspec''ve districts, demonstrating agains,
.ne opening and transmission of the mails
on Sundays. Referred. as usual.
MIR. Seybert prest sd the petition ~
snndry %refners os copper in the states O;
Massachusetts. New, York. New .Jeraev.
Pennsylvania, and MARYLAND. prayinr that
a duty nav be laid on refined copDer inn
ported into tie Uni'er States, Referred 70
the committee of Wavs and Means.
Mr.. Ri: geoId of Md. presented the nett
ton OF loAn Miller, of Maryland. PRAYING
"a remission, of the duties im,,oset on his
stills, as the same were burned Immediate
y after he ob,aiaed a license to use the
same. Eeterred 30 rho same committee.
nat, nim o. Md. presented the petition
OF JOHNSON Clarke, of Baltimors. praying
compensation for q large garden and other
property DESTROYED by the troops in the ss,.
vice OF the u. States. Referred to the com.
rnittee Of Claims.
The engrosged bill "giving further time
to locate Certain claims 70 lands Confirmed
~ an act ct Congress entitled cas- act
c nhrming certain c:aims TO lands in the
s~istr'ct Of Nincennes," was read a third
tire and passed.
The house resumed the consideration OF
the report Of the com mittee os The whole
house on the bill TO provide additional re-
verses for defraying the expenses Of gov.
ernmsnt ard maintaining the pnb'ic credit.
oy laying duties on househould furniture. on
horses Kept exclusively for the saddle or the
carr.:ge, and on gn!d and silver watches;
ana the amendments made 70 the same in
committee of.he whole were read and cor.
CURED in 81 the iionse.
lihe following nrc the taxes included IN
s"ns o'v: On All hnu<ehold furniture. kept
for USE, the value Of @hicll. in anv one "a M;
~ with the exception &c beds. bedding.
s'tcaen tnrnitare, and articles made in the
tain,'y from domestic materials, shall ex.
ceeu zoo dollars in vslue, a tax to be laid,
according to the following scale.
y net exceeding 400 dollars. 81 on
Above 200 and not more than 6c0 so
Above 600 and not more ,l,an 1000 9
1000 and not mora shan 1soo
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24

Disappointment upon disappointment.
Dbappointment is the lot Of all suDlnnary
affairs, and great folks aud projects are as
liable 90 It's modification as the smaller fry
aud business of our racc. Instances follow.
Sir George Provost predicted that tine
Yankee flag wosld be struck in 40 minutes,
and held his watch 20 see when the time es
PRED. He wa disdfhoipted. And imme-
diateiy after the surrender Of the British
fleet, upon information being brought tn his
quarters that the woods were full of militia,
re aid that 8 the federalists had deceived
him $50 much for their honor.1
The brave Commodore Downre predicted
the striking Of the Yankee Gag in 90 minutes
the frat broadside disaffonted him, fa-
tally.
rhree vessels from the Isle aux Noix and
1t. Johns brought English ladies and gen.
.flemen down to Cumberland Head, with
heir glasses, to see the Yankee feet taken
they ali went back again disapFsi1ted.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24
PALrfMops Dec. IL, 1914.
THE ALARM

Which, prodaced a general assembIare cf
our CITIZENS on the morning of YESTERDAY.
though doubtless very unpleasant, to msny, if
not so tonil, may have a very GOOD and very
sa!utary effect. Since the departure of the
enemy from orr river, (for as to the force
in the bay, few appear 20 be acquain,ed,l
we were rs corn pletelv tl,ro wn Of our guard
as to the necessity of feeling that they might
suddenly return, as if peace had actually
been proclaimed. We mean simply, that
our citizens had rs regularly turned their
attention to the ordinary business of their
lives, as If the military among us, drawn
from o'her quarters, for our defence, was
intended alone to CRAFTY our curiosity. The
mere continuance of c1iccr's quarters, and
tue mere answering TO our names, aea cert
tain hour, led to abuses and the prac-
tire lad degcnc-a,ed irtp NEE form,
without even the substance IF those precan-
tionary measures, intended a,oDe to c%on.ine
the citlzess ~ their homes. VIC have all
along regretted any thing like a relaxation
in discipline. because one roint necessarily
leads, to another, until that first principle in
military ceases, end coafusion hegins
The a!arm has again brought ns al: toge.
.tber--ith his strengthened .,:c Coz. ideuce we
before felt in each osl.e2-- t has shown al,
that we are alike and each convinced Of
the necessity ~ofunion, aad a siesdfast adherr
ence to orr officers and each other. Il we
would accomplish the greet otiec,s for
which we were called into service. the de-
fesce of our coua.rJ, and OF Baltimore in
particular. The example shown to the
strangers among us, is also of the first i'm.
portance, Tssy win willingly loan a help
ing hand s,those who so readily NANTES, a
DISPOSITION to help themselves : and not-
wi Estend:ng the little Confusion at first pro.
duced. and the awful a~nticipations the idea
of bloods ard slaughter might have awak
ened in the minds Of some, the preparations
it will has'en. and the jog II viii give Z, the
c%cntinei dosing OIL his post. will sufficiently
compensate for the little inconyeni.nces
caused by the occurrence.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24

The New England delegates to the con.
vention made great calculation on the aid
and cooperation OF New York. 10 mature
and execute their plans. THE sede-alis's of
this state are materially different from their
namesakes ia the east. and the delegates
say they have totally disah.ointei them
The Boston wis~ ones were conslcnt &c
the union OF New Hampshirc AMI vermoat
IN tae grand convention scheme -but were
sadly disahhointed.
Aud the New E.nc'snd fcs>~-,;s.., who
1avc thorr'is and ~cxrec,ea 81 r,,-a Com
u Conven''oa- whsn they see ,,scir ici,ys
~ me end cf th@;r session, viii be vs,y
m"ch ashamed anil diS4ahafute5. Or we
sna''ee greatly DISAPPOINTED in cue expec.
'a'ons: Columbian.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24
BRITISH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT
SET RIGHT.

To the Rdhcrs-Gcn Ross in his official
despatch says. that after having landed the
army at Benedict, they moved up to Not.
t;ngham, and on the 22d August, to Upper
Marlborough. a few miles distant from Pig
Point. where .fdmiraL Cock5nrn fell in With
n defeated the %fotilla. taking and de.
s~troying the whole. Now the fact is, they
neither took nor DESTROYED the fotilla, for
On the 21si the fotilla was abandoned by
the crews to join the army, leaving only
siX CT eig!i, men in every Barge, TO destroy
them on the appearance Of the enemy's arr
my, and forces rom the feet ; which was
dore by tie officers and men left by me,
and no; by Admiral C0ckbnrn. So much for
this part Of the generals dispatch The
general declares he landed the army, to
co operate with Admiral Cochrane, in the
operations which were TO De made in an att
tack under Admiral Cockhurn upon the
fo;i!la Let US for a moment make 4 COM
parison Of the forces; ~ sail Of shihs offhe
lire, ~frieates, bombs, sloops Of war, ten
der ard transports, having on board an ar
my as thcy said OF nine thousand veteran
troops, the crews or the ships, &c. 5000
more, a total of II, 900 men, to CO operate
against II ohen foso boats, mot gun boats)
and one tender having crews amounting 10
the whole 10 sos men, 400 OF which had eft
the barges the day previous, leaving 103
men TO defend it against all the forces com
b;ned, With admirals, generals, BIC. az their
head. The general then goes on To sac
thai on tive Esd, he was opposed by a corps
Of 1900 meu--now the fact is, these 1906
N N were no other than two companies ol
rifcmen and infantry, with light artillery,
200 strong, under major Peter from the
DIstFict-a skirmish ensued, one man was
slightly wounded. Then the general Come.
o. to Bladeusburg, where he found the
enemy I" Strongly posted o. co amandi-e
h. ,,hts, and a fortified house, &c. which
house was shortly carried" Now he fact
il. ne HOUSE. was not occupied by the Anne
r.cdss, oil course easily carried. The gen
csai tbcn goes on to state how his tro9rs
~adyaneed, ard b. the irresistible attack Of
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24

the bayonet, the enemy got into confusion
a"o hed. TX would ave been more 10 the
nnnor otthe general. IL he had told that his
men never mad it in their power to use the
oayonet but once, aud then declined; for
ai.ereSery attempt was made by his men to
advance on the main road and were driven
Nv the artillery under my command into the
ned, they were rallied and again led on by
Col thornton. who advanced to within 6f.y
YARDS OF orr position, where he was met
ov the marines under eap,s Miller and Sc
Vier WIN the Y tlla men. Colonel IN,arn.
on fei ca'gcrrrsiv wounded cart, -sffsm.
rton anl lea. Codd were killed, lien.en
ant S'eve.y Of the "King's Own" also Sc
vere'v wounded. The veterans of the 85tn
and 9TH, or" Kings Own" gave way. S,
tar IRON using the bavonet they Bed before
Que men. who pursued them, the sailors
Calling out to board them, nor did the
enemy rally until they got into n rayire GOV
cred with woods. leaving their officers in
our power Then our men returned TO the;r
ssaa,n = general Ross in person was oblig9s;
% take the comsnard, but dared not to lead
them on IN front. but pushed ous q, our
nans; ouranmunition being expended we
were necessitated to. retire. The general
says the artillery. which was under commo-
dore Barney, stem pieces we're ,aten." The
; fact is. ! never had but IRE pieces. Blu,
such are the accounts given by British ON
manders. The general then goes on to
state their loss. which ahtrara small. We,
TO my knowledge the S5th rcgt. lost rem Of
hcers killed and wounded, amonrss them
col. Thornton, lieut.. col Wood and major
Grown; these facts cannot be denied nv
the general. as the above officers fell in.o
ou- power, as did between 8 and 500 other
officers and privates. and have been ex-
changed through my agency, against the of
hcers and men taken by the enemy at B,a.
densburg, and az those taken or paroled after
being wounded, at Baltimore. Notwit':-
standing all these facts. col. Brooke SAYS he
carried oFtwo hundred of the most respect
able inhabitants of that city as prisoners
ret ate this general exchange the snemy
feh IN debt to US in point Of numbes. up
wards of 100 men. q esides HI ying 200 burr,
sd on the field. Such was the real state of
these hoasted transactions, f,r the truth of
which refer to colonel Thornton, lieut.. col.
Wood, major Brown and heut S,evely.
JOSHUA BARNEY,
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24

One dollar on every horse KEEP, es,c.n.
sive.y for the saddle I: one dollar and so cents
tor every horse kept for use in a CARRIAGE
iiao'e to be taxed T; and one daliar and 50
cents for every horse kept for the use of
Goth saddle and Carriage.
Two dollars on every gold watch, and
one dollar on every silver wa,ch, kept for
use
several unsuccessful attempts were made
to amend the bill! ; amongst which vas ore
BY Mr. Castor, 20 strike out so much of the
bill as Includes the tax on househouId fur.
%ni'ure; which was decided by yeas and
nays, as follows:
For the motion So
Against it 90
The bill was, after considerable djscus.
sian on the various amendments proposes
70 Il, Tin the course of which Mr.. Law of
l,on. made a speech of great 'ength against
the bill on general grounds of opposition to
the present administration. which was pref
~ warmly replied to by Mr.. Eppes and Mr.
Wrighp-nrdered to be engrossed for a
third rcading.
The engrossed bill. Ito provide addition.
al revenues for defraying the expan,es Of
government and maintaining the public ere
dit by laying duties on various goods, wares,
and m~erchapf;ze. manufactured within the
United States. was read a third time and
passed, by yeas 100, nays52
Mr.. Eppes of Va. from the committee of
Conference on the disagreeing votes of the
two houses on TIE amendments to the bill
for laying additional duties on dis,illation.
made a report. The report recommends
that the Senate recede from their determi.
nation to strike out the section VIII CHI allows
distsl'ers to sell liquor In any quantity not
less than one gallon. and that the house a.
gree to certain amendments to the details
of the bill.
a message having been received from
the Senate announcing their agreement 10
the said report, the house also agreed to
Concur in the same.
The house spent some time IN committee
Of the whoie. MIR. Nelson in the chair. ON
the bill for laying a direct tax on the United
states; but. before making much progress.
the committee rose and obtained leave to sit
again
Mr.. E,ppes, from the Committee of Con.
ference on the amendments proposed by the
Senate 20 the bill for laying duties on post
age, sales at a%uctiou, and retatlers' licences.
made a report, recommending the agree
ment to all the amendments VI the Senate
except one which report was concurred
in I; and
The house adjourned.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24
WAsuIscroN. December 10.
DISTILLED SPIRITS.

The bill for. laying an additional tax of 90
cents per ga!laa on distilled spirits, has at
length passed both houses of Congress, and,
although it has not received the signature Of
the President, will doubtless receive his
sanction, and may therefore be considered
as a law of the land.
The tax thus imposed is so great an in.
crease OF the existing duty. being four hun
dred per cent. on the amount of the present
lax, that its expediency has been seriously
questioned. and the bill was opposed by the
votes Of nearly all those whose constituents
will be more Immediately affected by it.
W. at hrst Inclined to the opinion that the
duty would be so high as to suppress many
d'stiteries, and in fact to produce less reves
rue than a lower duty. But, upon further
rehectlon and enquiry, I'VE believe the tax,
though at first inconvenienf to small dis,il-
ieries, will be Productive at the same time
that 1t will not be ohhressive. We greatly
doubt whether the diminution which It is
said will take place in domestic dis!illation
III consequence Of the high duty, will be ma
teria. IN ITS amount or can be in any event
viewed as a great evil inasmuch as the la.
Dor which was bestowed on that object will
&c diverted by the agricu!turaiist to objects
oil greater profit, and distillation will in flu
lure be more confnei to large manufacto-
ries, as perhaps it ought to be. The dimi>
hueion, however. be it great or small. WILDE
more thai Counter balanced by the increase
OF consumption, arising from the high duties
and state of war, operating as an almost entire
exclusion o. foreign spirits from the market.
from the increase of consumption by the re-
gular increase of population, and other eau
ses. The tax, though taken Immediately
Iron The peck Il of the d%istiller, will certain
~ faii upon the consumer ia the end, who
can well afford to pay a few cents a quart
more Tor a liquor which is now too cheap
Tor the comfort as we'll as the morals of the
community
1nthe Course Of enquiry into the subject, we
arrived at the fact. that the tax on distilla
Scn in the British dcnlinions, was, a wear or
two ago, as high (and probably since increa.
sed) as six shiilings and eight pence sterling
or about ore dollar aEd a third. per gallon
erg more than fUe lines as high the whole
tex now imposed on the same object by
Congress After the statement of shisf acf,
we have only 30 express our positive ccnvic
tion, that the patriotic citizens of the middle
ai'd western states, (by whom it is apprchen-
ded TINS tax will be most severely fsit) can
feel no reluctance to pay one fifth as much
tor the support of a war in defence OF their
rights, as the people under the Bri,ish go |
.Si""eht are Coihpeiteu I'd pay 10 upper
their army and navy employed in waging 1t |!
against Us. |
The law is to take effect on the FIRST day
OF February.
The President OF the U. States, has con.
ferreh on Can't. ALEX SEWER. of the Ma
rine CUrps, the brevet rank of MAJOR, in
reward ard honor of the gallantry displayed
by him in the field of battle at Bladensbsrg,
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24
CnARLEsrov, Dcc,16
CONGRESS AT VIENNA POSTPONED

ted 1871 insf.
we have had several arrivals here in
snoTs messages fsnm Europe one sailed
from Portsmouth the Cd November. anil
brought Loolor dates to the 2o.h October,
IN which It isstated ESQ says the Captain)
that the Grand Congress at Vienna had 6een
hosttoaedf % fhe 1ss Of Mar.6 ncxt-I doubt
it, however"
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24

The President OF the U. States. has COM
ferred on Can't. ALEX SEWER. of the Ma.
rine CUrps, the brevet rank of MAJOR, in
reward ard honor of the gallantry displayed
by him in the field of battle at Bladcnsbsrg,
on the oath of August last.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1814-12-24

!, nct exceeding 400 dollars. S I 90
Above 200 and not more than 6co ] so
Above GOO and not more sl,an 1000 3
A9ovc 1000 and not more shan 15nn ~
The Rhode-Island Republican. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1809-1841, 1814-04-20
rAMERICAN PRIZE LISr.-d


Balfimorey .abri, ga British schooner, prize to
the rrivateer Kemp, Of this port, has arrived at ~
Carolina, last from Cape Henry, lHsyI) came out
Of port in co. vita the Kemp and Chasserr, OF this
port, on cruzc-a few hours out, they deserted an
English brig and SCH to wiodwsrd' oound INTO Tue
Cape, to which they gave chase the Chssseur ma
noavring TO cut tie sch from the land, which she
Effected ard took--The Kemp went in pursuit OF the
brc and brought her TO action, but being too heavy,
she hauled of and came down TO the ChsssuesJ~hen
they Immediately made sail and oye-faned her. The
last seen Of the n the whole were standing or one
tack, being both captured. The brig and sch had
been looked for some days at the Cape. The brig
mounted 10 heavy gnns, with 10 mon.--both laden
with valuable cargocs of dry.gocds. sc.
Salem, .gprii Q--The late British 3-mas'ed schr.
Eclipse. Of Pooe. England, prize to t',e pr,sAteer
Young Wasp. of Philadelphia captured Feb. ~, was
chased Ashore near New-York. on Sunday last, by
fsigatc, and burnt; crew escaped. Tbc Ecipe ~a'
formerly kreach Priysissr.
The Rhode-Island Republican. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1809-1841, 1814-04-20
Darsbat's Notire.
District of Rhode Island.

District Of Rhode Island.
DURSUANTto to Warrant from the Hon
Il DAVID HOWELL, Esq. Judge of the Dis
trict Court for the Rhode Island District
Notice is hereby given tba, there has been
hled before said Judge, an Information by
William EHery, Esq. Collector Of the Gus
toms for the District of Newport, against a
certain brigan,ine or vessel called the Neus.
ira Carman, her tackle, apparel, and furniture,
together with her cargo on board, consisting
OF one hundred hhds. and six bbls. Of Molss-
ses, and hlty-one hhds Of Rum.
Said goods being forfeited,as is aIledged in
said information, for violation OF the laws OF
the u United States.
And trial will he had thereon at District
Court 70 be holden at Newport on tho second
Tuesday io May next
ID. ]. PEARCE, DehSxy- bfars6al.
Ne1oharf, -fh,T S, 1914. , TA7l
The Rhode-Island Republican. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1809-1841, 1814-04-20

a BOUT 80 scrcs Of Laud, part Of the Farm Of
IA THoxAs CLAsKE. deceased, situated in North
Kings,own, about miles from Wexford, suitable
fer pasture or tlage. Possession given on the 25th
March instant. Foe terms apply to
THOMAS CLARKE, 10s, Thames-ssre
Newport, March y 1914
The Rhode-Island Republican. [volume] (Newport, R.I.) 1809-1841, 1814-04-20
TO LET,
LOT OF LAND-fo sell or let.

THE subscriber offers to sell ar let, that ell
igible Lot of Land, situated in the town OF Ports
mouth adjoining the estates Of the Joseph Cundall,
ESQ and bounded on the The land is Of an
eelies, quality, we'll watered, and comprizes about
sixty acres For terms and other particulars, apply
20 BENJAMIN BROWN.
Portsmouth, March IL, 1914.