The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1813-07-27
} THE CONGRESS OF THE u. S.
.Right ofImhresamcnf--

'sIhai No, thdt search tor, or seizure oF
BRITISH persons, or froferty,. On board
"enssai vessels, on the high seas, is not a
oeihBerent rigas, derived ernal the Law Of
Nations : and 'ekat 70 visa. or s..sr-a. or
use OF force. for any purpose, IN board he
'csseis OF one independent power, on the
nigh seas, can, IN war or peace, he sane
| toned by the laws or authority. of tun,i,cr
power. THESE propositions are suDposed
tone as clear az any OF the A xioms of I'm
c!id. it was, indee1, matter of supererogati
on To extend the exclusion mentioned in the
nrst number OF the paragraph, to British
f'oi'e''ty also |; 1T not being known that this
pre'ens.oh mas ever been Urged, by the Bri-
eisa ministry. It's. however. reatiIv admir-
ted. that that right stands on fully as valid
a basis, as thnS claimed in relation 20 Bri.
trn persons found on board of neutral vessels
When war shall break out between two
independent nations, all other nations have
riSht 10 Continue neutral. Thev are nj
peftect liberty TO pursue their usual Cor,
hiSrce' subject only to the Internal REGULATE
ohs ana restrictions imposed on il, by the
| nations with which they trade, and "a the
ee,Xcspuoh sanctioned by the Law of Nations
wee exceptions grow out of The laws ot
war, and are founded upon che princinle
that those laws give to the helIiperent p..
uon' right ~ deprive its enemy of what
may ehanie MIN to hurt or resist il. (Vattel
oo9 - nus, muni,ions OF var, called Gun.
traoahd, ave prohibited to be Carried IN the
oei"Ser~nt, as also are provisions. when
destine& to ses!eged place. A sunn,v q,
'nose articles, under such circumstances
""uio directly and powerfully aid tina enc
my, anu Is therefore prohibited. II is not
however, every tegrse Of benefit resulting "a
me nciiiserent. that will iustiiy such prohi
oiuon- Wetc that the case. ali pentraI
-
ho'hhg felng more Clear, than that every
species 81 trade by a neutral with a belize
rent nation IS useful TO the latter. 20 ms
INV the htefdIctian, tbe benefit Co the hel
use'eh'' Inust be ditect aud paIpab;e.
NVUere tina is not the case. the ordioarv
com 'nerce OF nsutTsls is not affected. A re-.
ga 20 tie" inteicsE yaris the scale.
ae Seizure OF British seamen on board of
"eatfai Vesseis, canRoi be instified bv the n
"oVe crNericp. AT tnoat, the benefit acorn
ing 20 the 6eiigerent, by their emrlovmeot
IN neutral vessels. is remote and cc,,3,c,.a
Ae - lar les direct and immediate, than The.
aus derived to the belNeereut. from the Ia w
iu' Ahd ordinary Commerce ia neutral arti
IcieS'--tiut this IS not All. No enuuiry ;s >
yer mace by the British vessels, rs ~ tbe
voyage 10 which the British sealnen ,re er,-
ptoyed- He is dOumed to SEIZURE. ,vbetbs,
navigating from one neutral port ~ annthe,
|" 'he ports ~ another neural naf,nn. or
even thn'e Ok. Britain herself. Person.
'uuS engaged. are equally liable 20 irapress
WV t'iose' VINO are progressing to he
ports OF fi'e enemy. No question is ever
ASKED 40 10 tbs port or place of destination
IL is MT. therefore, on the ground Of Enrd'
ing S'i 70 the enemy, that mis- pretensiop il
SCI up some other principle must be look-
ca ,of' as evolving the ground OF the claim
Ia' Pfincip'e " distinctly avowe8, BY
Mr. canning, m his letter 10 Mr.. Mr.
OF >. pt' 70. l8O7--After presurning diff a
iiore'gn power would NOT Knowingly ret:,in in
It's n0ftoI0E service, the British mariners. re
called by proclamation, and erourdips sncb
presumption, on the hostile tlrt. OF the act.
aau ',e prooaoie consequence 10 which il
W0ulo isad, he adds, that in rciat;c, e., ror,
chant vessels, there is no such ,,r,q,,rnn,io.,
ne then proceeds TO say. that when MAJ,
ners' subjects Of his MAJESTY, are ernalovcd
IN tne private service of foreign in ,iv;dtsla
unuef private civil Contracts, the king
SUD- sc's' anu the foreign individuals viii
WHOM they contract 20 serve, enter int
engagements INCONSISTENT with The d,t- s
MS naJesty's subjects, towards rim brt
20 those engagements, the government n,
the toTeign nation has not made itself
Psrty' IN such cases, the species of reci~css
"nlCh the practice of all t.lnes hogsdmit
80 ''"CttphCu, - tUdr OF Lakfuw those
suyects az sea, ont of Che service Of s,,cb
foreign individuals, and recalling fh,m r.
tue discharge Of that previous and nara.
mount duty, which they owe 10 their owe
rcign, and th0r cnaniry.'
WIN respeCe TO the 6n-evistepce or the
prescription here spoken 0i as the baeis If
the doctrine contended for, in reia5,on to
- 'cHsi'i-Tt Sseis, as contra distinguished
from the national vessels, Mr., Cam o,,.
donbtediy mistaken. It is as meet ~ he
presumed that the foreign nation World nro
nio't her citizens from csRttHuiqe o r,,c
ice, naturally leading - Institutes al ths,
sue would, herself, sbstain from .nch 8,
practice ~ the FIRST inst ance. II oDer,.ted
upon by the fear II CONSEQUENCE cue
would as "eR snard against tncm IN ono
Ease - ~ the other. She would rather sub
JeCt ner ci'iz@ns TO penalties prescvii,ed h.
herSe'f, IN rsbltioH 70 this D7rt;eu,sr 81
ledVe 'hsm exposed 20 all the i,inries and
outragcs praot .sed upon them BIZ fhe com
blaming nation. she would not Weld ,rn fo
ma hasion TIE pOwerof lerisiafiJ,g. md nm
'""' TOT 'fr C'tlZens, even when in fhoir
Nv" eeFrltu2F, nor permit her tn carve JUS
"Cs ioF Ierssh, IN q manner uuavodsl,lo
PT"uAcuVc OF great abuses Tbese nre
NHm Puons have, IN fact, been realised by
me American government, and the theorv
~ VT. Oan1Wg cDmpietelv delnnIisheJ -
a. Hays READY and DESTROYS 20 enter inso G,
''S'HSt"Ty aiyangencots, Respecting gri,,sh
ofiKf tscvernrnenf 10, 81, 80, , e