Alexandria gazette, commercial and political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1812-1817, 1813-01-28

country by adoption, is to be considered
as having admitted him under this re-
striction.
The allegiance of a natural born citi-
zen is by birth. tits perpetual, univer-
sal and unalienable, without the consent
of his native country, as has been shewn;
and he has many rights which he does
not lose in consequence Of naturaliza.
ton, and which he cannot forfeit by any
distance Of time or place, except for cri-
minal behaviour. But the allegiance Of
an adopted citizen, is creature Of civil
institutions, regulated by the society
which adopts him, and is at all times
subject to the duty of natural allegiance,
acc ding to the laws ofhis native coun-
try and the laws of nations and the
rights which are bestowed, are only
such as are described in the acts of ma.
turaliEaten; generally there is an ex-
clusion from all civil Offices, and some
times a residence in the adopted county
or its dominions is required. The eff
feet of naturalization in the most extern
sive operation, must however be limited
to those things only, which are within
the power Of the adopting country to do,
The native and the naturalizing states
being equally sovereign, the latter in in
competent by its own act to deprive the
other ofits perfect rights, and if it be
true that every state has right to re-
tain its native citizens, and has perfect
right to his services in time Of foreign
yGr, then it follows that it is unlawful
for the individual to leave his native
country at such time, and it is viola.
ton of the perfect rights of the native
state for foreign state to receive and
naturalize such IN emigrant In such
cases its tacit consent is not to be pre-
sumed, as it might if the emigration
took place when the native country was
at peace. The distinction between emf
grants when their country is at war or In
| peace, will be noticed at present with
single remark. II there be an e1hress
or fach consent to the emigration, the
naturalizing country does no wrong to
the native country, by comforting new
rights and imposing new duties on the
individual; but if neither has been 81
ven, it is violating the duty which one
nation owes to the other in the most I'M
portant of all interests. What is there
so Interesting to the safety and welfare
of a nation, as its subjects. They con-
stitute the strength OF every country.
| fla nation seeks to acquire the SUBJ
iects of foreign country, care should
be taken not to violate its undoubted
rights, nor ought il to presume, by na.
turalizing them, to dissolve the bond OF
natural allegiance or fidelity to their na-
tive country, when it is at war with ano-
Their foreign nation, There are moral
duties which ought to subsist between
nation and nation, as well as between
man and man. If emissaries are found
in foreign country, enticlng away It's
useful artists in times OF war, they are
punishable by the municipal law; but
f.. neutral nation to weaken the hands
of belhgerent by withdraw Il har-
boring her subjects, must be viewed not
op!y unfriendly but injurious. :,
| The effect, Of a naturalization act, II
it be made without the express or taclt
consent of the native state, Can be no
greater than to make the foreigner
COMPLETE citizen as to all the rlgh's and
duties of a native citizen in reference to
the adopting state. >.
| Tn reference TO the native state, his
rights and duties in many respects re-
main subject to its laws; and the native
state does not allow that he IS absolved
| from the duty of natural allegiance by a
change of place, and the new privileges
| acquired by his naturalization i'll TO-
reign country. For instance: British
subject naturalized in America, Will
vet inherit and transmit lands in Eng
land, &c. &c.
| When cases of collision arise, each
will REQUIRE to be decided according to
ire own circumstances, and as iavorably
"a possible to the individual, consistent
with the great ends of society. For the
present purpose it is only necessary to
show, in general view, the difference
between a native and an adopted citizen,
and the rights and duties of a citizen il"
reparj to his native, and in regard to his
.Goh:ed country. AS all general rules
are known to have numerous exceptions
and qualifications, so the rules on THIS
subject will be found t. admit OF many,
nom. of which will now be specified
The general distinction will appear
rrorn the following propositions, which,
it is hoped, have been satisfactorily ex-
planned. >, 81,
native country is founded IN nature and
is the duty OF his birth Its universal
perpetual and unalienab'e I; bot with the
consent of that society of which he is
na,nral member. He possesses rights
in his native country which he Can only