Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1811-09-12
THURSDAY, sEprEMBER Il, 1911.


of Venezuela, of whatever nation they may
| be, and they alone constitute sovereignty.
10. Those not entitled to the right OF suf-
frage, are such as have no certain place of
| residence; those without property, which is
the support of society. This class, neverthe-
less enjoy the benefits Of the law, and its pro-
lection in as full measure as the other, but
without participating III the right of suf-
trage.
IL. No individual can he accused, arrest
ed, or confined, unless in cases explicitly
pointed out by law.
IL. Every act exercised against citizen
without the formalities of the law, is arbitra-
ny and tyrannical.
ls. ANY magistrate who DEGREES or eau
ses an arbitrary act to be executed, shall be
punished with tbs severity the law pre-
scribes.
II. The law shall protect public and in
diyidral liberty against oppression and tyran
IS, Every eSzen is to be regarded as in
nocent, until he Shall have been proved Gull
pabie. lit become necessary to secure his
person, unnecessary rigor for the purpose
shall be represscd by law.
| 10. No person shall be sentenced nor
| p2nished, without legal trial, in virtue Of a
law promulgated previously to the offence.
Any law which punishes crimes committed
previous to It's existence, is tyrannical A
retroactive effect assumed by the law, is
crime.
II. The law shall not decree any punish
ment not absolutely necessary; and that
shall be proportionate to the crime, and use
ful TO society.
10. Security consist in the protection aft
forded by society to each Of its members, for
the preservation Of his person, has rights, and
his property.
10. Every individual possesses the right
to acquire property, and TO dispose Of It at
| will, unless his will be contrary to previ-
Gus compact, or to law.
20. No kind Of labor, art, industry or
commerce shall be prohibited to any citizen,
save only such establishments as may DC re
quired or the Subsistence Of the state.
81. No one can be deprived Of the least
! portion Of his property without his consent,
except when the public necessity requires it,
and then under the condition Of 4 Just cem-
pensahon. No contribution can te required
and established, unless for the general utili-
ty. Every citizen entitled to suffrage, has
the right, through the medium If has repre-
scntatiyes, to advise and consult on the cs-
adjustment of contributions, to watch over
their application, and to require an account
OF the same from those he has elected as his
representatives.
o. The liberty of claiming ones rights
in the presence of the depositares of the
public authority, in no case can be withheld,
nor confined to any particular citizen.
%. There IS individual oppression when
one member of society is oppressed; there
is also the oppression Of a member, when
the social body is oppressed. In these ca
ses the laws are violated, and the citizens
have right to demand the observance ofthe
laws.
"a. The house of every citizen is an in
viola5le asylum. No one has right TO en-
ter it violently, unless in cases of conRagra-
ton, deluge or application proceeding from
the same house: or for objects OF criminal
proceedings in the cases, and with the es-
sentials determined by law, and under the
responsibility of the constituted authorities
who have issued the decree. Beneficiary
visits, and civil executions, shall take place
only in open day in virtue OF the law, and
with respect to the person and object ex-
pressiy pointed cut i'll the act authorizing
such visitation and execution.
25. Every foreigner, of whatever nation
he may be, shall be received and admitted
into the state Of Venezuela.
26. The persons and properties of for
eigners shall enjoy the same security as the
native citizens, provided always, that they
acknowledge the sovereignty and indepen-
dence, and respect the Catholic religion
the only one in this country.
81. The foreigners who reside in the
state of Caracas, becoming raturalized, and
holding property, shall enjoy all the rights
Of citizenship.