Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1811-11-28
Eamilu dfthe Stnnrts.

49,
by this marriage that the Stuarts called to the
throne. No family presented such succession ot
misfortunes as experienced by this Those who be-
heye in the influence of happy and unhappy fortune.
may reflect at their leisure upon the vcissudes ogood
and evil which distinguishes the history OF this family
Robert Ill second king of this house. died of grief at the
imprisonment OF his son, whom Henry Nv. king OF Eng
land unjustly detained James the throne at
ter eighteen years of captivity in England and persisted
in his bed of twenty six sword wounds inflicted by the
hands of his subjects. James H. who king seven
years age persisted by cannon shot at the siege of
Roxburgh. James Ill reached the throne when seven
years DID, and persisted in battle against his subjects
James w was killed in the battle Of Fowdon against the
English. James v. who King when one year and AN
half DID, died in against the English, of Chagrin
at his disasters: week before his death he lost his
two in day. Mary, queen from her infancy
persisted upon the scaold, after captivity of eighteen
years The Stuarts then passed to the throne OF Eng
land, bnt misfortune still accompanied them Charles
decapated by his subjects, and James H. lost the
The reign of the Stuarts one of the most stormy and
important epochs of the English nonarchy it is equal
y interesting in politics and philosophy forgreat states
and enlightened individuals This family endured for
more than hundred years and succeeded BY that
Of Brunswick, which occupies the English throne this
day.
Family of brunswick y, ..- =,
The origin of this family, ustrous by its antiquity as
wen by its power is lost in the obscrity of the first
modern Centuries the geneaogss trace it up to the
Roman Consus 500 years after Jesus Christ but hsto
rans carry it no higher than Azen of Este who lived
in the year 1000. This prince who .margrave of
Lguria and of Tuscany espousedin Germany the heir
css of the Wells, Guclphs famous Bavarian fam
~. The fruits of this marriage children the
eldest Inherited the and the goods of the mother
and was the founder in Germany of the house of the
Wells; the younger remained in Italy upon his pater-
nal estates, and continued the house of Este
The family Of the Wells, by judcious marriages and
much coed fortune, became in very little time renown
ed and powerful Scarcely century had elapsed from
It's establishment in Germany, when ii found itself In
possession OF the duches of Saxony and Bavaria in
much greater extent than they were in 1906 If To these
Gernanc possessions add considerable inheritance
beyond the Alps, that OF the Countess Matilda, it nav
be said that the Guelphs in the twelfth century cod
proceed from the shores the Baltic the banks of the
llDer without going beyond the limits of their posscssi
ons, But the moment arrived when this surprising for
tune, wtchhad been rapidly accumulated. was to
disappear with equal CELEBRITY The house of the Wells
mad become By its power, an object of universal fear
and jealousy. Henry the Lion was its chief HAVING
brought ON quarrel with the emperor and the States
oy lis haughtness and mprudence he was put to the
ban OF the enpire prescribed despoed of his sovereign
ties and reduced the aoda possessions of his house
which were the country of Brunswick, of Lunenburg
and OF Hanover. This occurred about the year
1882 1t is celebrated in Germany account the rich
soils which furnished and the revolutions of fortune
that oCcasoned Many sovereigncs, some eccesias-
tca some iaical were elevated upon the of the
Guelphs many others increased at their e7pence
III ne, many imperial Cities such Lubbock and Rats
Dur tor example, owe their origin to this famous catas
trophe The posterity OF AEON, of Este in Germany
after this great misfortune, changed their name from
Guelph to that of Brunswick, derived from their
Empire. William, (the Long Sword the third son of
tie unhappy Henry the Lion the father of the first
daSe, and the head of many branches who all regned
morsels of their ducai patriuony. At this time
there only exist two branches of this ilustrous house
the eldest which remains in Germany; and the young
est which occupies the English throne.
The chief foreign wars of England have been three
That with Wales, which endured until the union of
the two countries in 1888 That with Scotland which
lasted until its union with England in 1905 5. The
wars with France, which were continued almost inces-
sanity I'LL the English lost their provinces the
tinent Of Europe
The religious troubles were those of Thomas
ct under Henry II. the famous troubles under John
Lakeland those Of tile Wickjfites Lolards under
Edward III the reformation under Henry VIII of Pro-
testanisn under Edward vi the troubles of Catholicism
which re-established by Mary: of Professionalism
under Elizabeth OF the Presbyterias under James C
Charles l. of Catholicism under JamesIT
OF civil and troubles the most remark able
were those between Henry and Robert his eldest bro
ther those between Stephen and Matilda between
Henry IT, and his children between John Lakeland and
the barons: those between Hepry III and the barons
between Edward IL and his wife Isabella: the iusur-
rection of Wat Tyler under Richard IL the conflict be-
tween Richard IL and Henry w his cousin the famous
civil ofthe two the insrrcc6n of the tanner
kct under Edward vi. the catastrophe Of the Lady
Jane Grey: the wars of Charles l. against the Paria-
ment the invasion Of Charles IIunder Cromwell the
eHpuson Of James IT, the first enterprise Of the Preten
der in 175 and the second enterprise of the Preten-
der in i7s5.
The titles of honor in England are l. fhe Dukes
created by Edward H. @ The Marqusscs created BY
Richard II. 8. The Ears who existed before the Nor
man conquest T. The Niscounts, created by Henry vi
IS The Barons, who came IN at the conquest: These
FIVE classes alone form the whole nobility Of England
and compose the House Of Lords in Parliament They
are styled M tords, and arc magistrates and legislator
born. Their nobility and its prerogatves do descend
to all the children, bat solely and inevitably the cid
est amongst them.
Resides these there are tse knights baronets created
by James J. in 1911 the Knights Of the Carter by Ed
in ~ he nafh d,