Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-01-25

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tion and state Sooernment, aid Jor the
admission Of such state into the Un'on,
on an equal footing with the original
states and for other purposes
The bill being on its final passage.
Mr.. ou1Ncv's SPEECH coTIsUED
1t is. zve, the people eftde UniteS States,
for ourselves and our Posterity, not tor the
people OF Louisiana nor for the people OF
New Orleans, or OF Canada. None Of
these enter into the scope of the insuu-
ment i, embraces only "the United States
OF America" Who these are, it may seem
strange, in this place, 10 enquire. But tru.
ly, sir, our imasina,ions have, Of late, been
81 accustomed 10 wander after new SETTLE
mentS TO the very ends Of the earth, that it
will not be time i'll spent 10 enquire wha;
this phrase means, and what II includes.
they have reference 10 a state Of things eX-
listing anterior to the constitution. When
the people of the prrsen, United States be.
gan TO contemplate A severance from their
parent state, i, was a long time before they
fixed d'hnitivcly the name by which they
would be deslgns,ed. In 1774, they Call
led themselves q" the Colonies and Provin.
ccs Of North Ams'ica." In 1775, ''ths
representatives. Of the United COLONIES Of
North America" In The Declaration of In
dependence, the representatives OF the
United States Of America" And, finally,
in he ARTICLES Of confederation, III. stilr Of
the contederacy is declared 70 be s. the u
uited States Of America" Il was with
reference TO the old articles of con!rdrra.
ton, AMI to preserve The identity and ,es.
tabnshcd individuality Of their character,
tha, the preamble TO this constitution, NOT
content, simply, with d, clarins that it is
g we the people of the Unit d Safes" who
enter into TINS compact, adds thar it is for
"the United States OF America" Con.
corning the territory contemplated by the
p, opir Of the United States, in these gene
raj terms, ,he.e can be ho dispute it is
se,tled by The treaty OF peace, and included
within tht Atlantic ocean, the ST. Croix,
the lakes, and,mnre precisely, so far as re.
latss TO .he frontier, having relation to the
presen. argument within "a line 10 be
dawn through the middle of The ri ,tr Mis-
si.sippi, uni! il in.er.tcs the northernmoss
part OF the ,hirty.6rst degree Of nor h lati.
tude, thence within line drawn dLe east
on this degree Of latitude to the river Apa.
lithola, thence along the middle of this ri.
YER TO lis junction with the Flint river,
thence ST., at 70 the head OF the ST. Mary's
river, and thence down the ST. Mary's to
The Atlantic ocean"
have been thus particular to draw the
minds # gcntiemra, distinctly 70 the mean.
ing OF tive Trims used in the preamble TO
the ,xient which" the United STATES" then
include d and to The Tact that neither New.
Orleans nor Louisiana were within The
con, prehcnsIon of the terms OF this iRstru-
ment 1t is sufficient for the present
b, anch OF my arSume mt 70 say, that there is
nothing 10 the general mature of this com.
pact from which the power contemplated
10 be excl cised IN this bill results. On The
cia,e in political power implies, necessarily,
new division OF power, and conse auent
diminu,ion of the relative proportion of the
forme proprietor. OF 1t; there can, Ger.
tainly, be nothing more obvious, than that
from the general nature of the instrument
no power can result to diminish and give
away TO strangers any proportion Of the
rights of the original partners. Ifsuch a
power exist, i. must be found, then, in the
particular provisions in the constitution.
The question now arising is, in which of
these provisions is given the power to adj
nit new states, to be created in territories
b.yond the limits OF the old United States.
If exist any where, It is either in the
third section of the fourth article of the
constitution. or in the treaty making power.
Ifit resul, from neither of these, it is n OF
pretended to be fouad any where else.
That part Of the the third section Of the
fourth article, on which the advocates of
this bill rely, is the following: g Mezv
States may be admitted, by the Congress,
into this Union 6Ht no neuo state shall be
formed or erected p,tsin the jurssatctiou Of
any other state, nor any state be formed by
Il