The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-09-06

that they should conduct themselves not |
merely by their individual judgement and
will, but by common rule
g. When citizen submits his actions to |
law which his Judgement does not APP
prove, he does not surrender his right nor
Ills reason, but obeys the law because he
should not be influenced by his own private
Judgement against the general will to which
ne ought to conform. Thus the law does
not exact the sacrifice OF reason nor the Ii
berry of those who do not approve it, be-
cause it never makes an attempt upon Ii
berty unless when the latter violates social
order or swerves from those principles
which determine that all shall be governed
by one common rule or law.
z. Every citizen cannot hold an equal
power in the formation of the law, because
all do not equally contribute to the preser-
walton OF the state, to the security and tran
Vuiiity of society. r.
Il g. The citizens shall be ranged in two
Glasses; the one with the right Of suffrage,
the other without it.
3. Those possessing the right ofsuffrage,
are such as are established in the erri-
tory OF Venezuela, of whatever nation they
may be, and they alone constitute sovereign
~. -
10. Those not entitled to the right of suf-
TRACE, are such as have no certain place of
residence those without property, VIII CHI
Is the support of society. This class, never
the!ess, enjoy the benefits of the law, and
its protection in as full measure as the o.
iher, but without participating in the right
of suffrage.
4. No individual can be accused, arres
Ted, or confined, unless in cases explicitly
pointed out by law.
IL. Every act exercised against a citi-
Len without the formaNties of the law, is ar
btrary 6, tyrannical
13. Any magistrate who DEGREES or
causes an arbitrary act TO be executed, shall
be punished with the severity the law pres
criDes.
Ii. The law shall protect public & ind,vi-
onal liberty against oppression and tyran-
is, Every citizen is to be regarded as in-
nocent, until he shall have bee proved cul
pab!e. Ii itbecorne necessary to secure his
person, unnecessary rigor for the purpose
shall be depressed by law.
16. No person shall be sentenced nor pu
nished, without legal trial, in virtue of a
law promulgated previously to the offence
ANY law winch Furnishes crimes committed
previous 10 Its existence, is tyrannical A
retroactive effect assumedby the law. is a
Crime. = =
H. The law shall not decree any pr-
nlshment not absolutely necessary and that
shall be proportionate to the crime, & useful
TO society.
49,. Security consists in the protection af-
fprded by socictyto each of its members, for
the preservation of his person, his rights, &
his properly.
IS. Every individual possesses the RIGHT
TO acquire property, and to dispose of it at
Will, unless his will be contrary to previous
compact, or to law. .i.Y
~. No Kind OF labor, art Industry or
commerce shall be prohibited to any citizen,
save only such establishments as NAV be
required for the subsistence of the state
II. No one can be deprived of the least
portion OF his property without his consent,
except when the public necessity requires
IL and then under the condition of a lust
compensation. No contribution can be re
CURED and established. unless for the gene
rat utility. Every citizen entitled to suf-
Nage, mas the right. through the medium
OF ms representatives, to advise and con-
suit on the establishment of contribute ons. to
watch over their application, and to require
an account of the same from those he has
elected as his representatives.
j, HE liberty of claiming ones rights in the
preseHce the depositaries of the public
authority, in no case can be withheld nor
confined to any particular citizen.
n %. There is individual oppression
when one. member of society is oppressed !;
Ihere is also the oppression of member,
when the social body is oppressed. In
Shese cases the laws are violated, and the
Giuzens nave right to demand the obser.
SaRce ofthe laws.
"A. The house of every citizen is an in.
VIolable asylum. No one has right to en-
ter it violently, unless in cases of conflaerar
eion, delage or application, proceeding
arom the same house, or objects Of criminal
proceedings in the cases, & with the essenti-
ais determined by law, & under the RESPONSE
Hiiity o!the constituted authorities who h ave
issued the DEGREES. Domiciliary visits, & CT
vil executions, shall take place only in open
Gay in virtue of the law, & with respect to the
person and object expressly pointed out in
she act authorizing such visitation and ex.
ecution.
Is. Every foreigner Of whatever nation
he may be, shall be received and admitted
Into the state of Venezuela.
26. The persons and properties of fo-
Feigners shall enjoy the same security as the
native citizens, provided always. that they
acknowledge the sovereignty and indepen
dence, and respect the Catholic religion TN c
only one in this country.
n. The foreigners who reside in the
state OF Caracas, becoming naturaIiaed, and
holding properly, shall tnjoy all the rights
OF citizenship.
DUTIES or DZ1yV LV SOCIETY,".
ARTICLE FIRST,
The rights Of others, in relation TO each
ri aNyaF anuN =.