davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-11-15
Mr.. MONROE ToMR. FOSTER.
BE7ARTNENr OF STATE,
October 90, 1911.

q oCIOOCT ~, 1Sll.
SIR,
/ have had the homer to receive your let
ter of the 22d of this month, and to lay it
before the President.
The assurance which you have given of
your disposition to reciprocate, in our COM
nunications on the important subjects de-
pending between our governments, the re-
speCtful attention which each has right to
claim, and that no departure from it was
intended in your letter of Goth July, has been
received with the satisfaction due to the
frank and conciliatory spirit in which it was
made.
l learn, however, with much regret, that
you have received no instructions from your
government founded On the new proof of the
revocation of the Berlin and Milan DEGREES,
which was communicated TO the MARQUIS of
Wellesley by the American Charge dcs At
flares at London, in document of which
had the honor to transmit to you a copy. 1t
might fairly have been presum ed, as have
before observed, that the evidence afforded
by that document, Of the complete revocati-
on of those DEGREES, so far as they interfered
with the commerce of the United States with
the British donnions, would have been fol-
lowed by ar immediate repeal of the orders
in council. From the reply Of the Marquis
of Wellesley, it was at least to have been
expected that no time had been lost in trans
uniting that document to you, and that the
instructions accompanying it would have ma
infested change i'll the sentiments of your
government on the subject. The regret
therefore cannot but be increased in finding
that the communication wlGSh had the ho-
nor to make to you, has not even had the
effect OF suspcnding your efforts to indicate
the perseverance of your government in en-
forcing those orders.
regret also to observe, that the light in
which you have viewed this document, and
the remarks which YOU have made on the
subject generally, seem to preclude any o.
ther view of the conditions on which those
orders arc II be revoked. than those that
were furnished by your former communica-
tons. You still adhere TO the pretcnsion
that the productions and manufactures Of
Great Britain, when neJtralized, must be
admitted into the ports Of your enemies
This prctens'cn, however vague the language
heretofore held by your government, part
cuiary by the Marquis Of Wellesley, in h
communications with Mr.. Pinkney, on the
subject, was never understood to- have been
embraced. Nothing indeed short Of the spe-
oiGc dcciaratic.Is which Fca bsye made
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-11-15
CONGRESS-.
IN SENATE. Nov. IL.

Mr.. Leib asked ard obtained ica1,e 10 brine
IN a bin TO aufhorise the TRANSPORTATION Of
certain documents by mail free Of POSTAGE
reading.
The resolution oGcrad by Mr.. Giles on
Ihnrsddy, for referring SO much Qfthe Pre-
stdenfs message as relates to manufactures
10 a select committee, sc0s agreed to, and
Tessrs. Parnum, !Vcrthingfom, Rrudiev.
Condit and Cano ahiioinfed committee
accordngiy. -
+ The resolution offered by 1fi.. yvorthins-,
ton, for referring to seiect committee 50
much cf the message as relates to Ldiau
affairs, 1sas )egreed to, and Mrssrs. U,orth-
ington, Fore, Camateh, (ot Tenn. J Grave
ford and Gregg ahhoiafed the conaaaitter
thereon.
mr.. Bradley presented the petition Of tie,
) Washington Canal CONTRARY, hraying TO be-
aHc7yed 10 raise the sam cfS 52,50 IN sn,oU
annual lotteries, as. authorised ny an ar. u
she 97aryi.f'sd Legisictdre Ct -Vou 1875, ~
enatte them to con,tiste the sane and dram
the ground khrongh sshich IL RIMS .vhirh
s'aS read and ordered 70 lie on the table.
N2r. Lloyd fresented the fetifion Of snn-
d'n fHhabitants Of Boston, Nassackusetts.
stating TINT they are int6rested in TIE imtor-
fation Of iron and other hard7vares from
England, and f,ruying that tyoDision may
6c made 6y iasv for The imfortation Of sncs,
goods az zv,7e bona fde hnrcAased or or be-
fore the 22d day February last in the dOmi-.
mons ct Greet Britain, CT, such Other cguito-
Ole provisions as The 7eisdom and Justice H
Congress nay device zyAich suS read ox1
ordered TO lie on the tG6ie.
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-11-15


had the honour to receive Yesterday
your letter Of the 26th inst. communicating
a statement from Capt Bingham to Admit
raj Sawyer, of the circumstances attending
the late unfortunate encounter BET zen the
United States frigate the President and
His Britannia Majesty ssloop the Little Belt
Ut is to be regretted that the statement
made by Capt. Bingham should have varied
III any circumstance, from that made by the
commander Of the American frigate. j fat
ter myeelf, with the disposition of the Presi-
dent, which am authorised to express, to
make Il the subject of mutual and friendly
c&pla' ations, It's. disagrecable tendency will
DC obviatcd. am induced to express this
sxrectation, with the more confidence, from
thc conciliatOy manner in WHICH you have
Hade this communication.
have the honour to be, &c.
(Signed)
JAS. MONROE.
9Zr. Efo7'ier charge d'ffoircs
If his Britarnic fiaics,y.
(Dscxc,sc,s on tie affair Of re Eeif 10 lie
eers:n@edy
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
THURSDAY MORNING, Sept. 5.

By an arrival at Boston OH Friday last
in + days from Halifax, we learn that
the New Orleans Packet, lately released
in France, was captured on the 18th AL
gust, on Georges Bank, by the British
frigate Guerrero, capt. Dacres. and con-
veyed to Halifax, where she arrived on
the 18th, and was libelled on the Goth.
There has also been an arrival at Bos-
ton, in Is days from Liverpool /; but it
brings little Of consequence. 1t appears
that no hopes were entertained in London
On the 18th of July, of the kings recovery.
1t is stated in Charleston paper of the
27th August, that the late branch bank of
the United Utates in that city has been
robbed of upwards of One Hundred Thou
sand Dollars in specie; and that the locks
show no marks of violence.
Much damage has been done by hail
storm at Turner Hebron, Green and
Leeds. Maine. At Turner, 5000 squares
of glass were broken and number Of corn
fields laid entirely waste.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
By last Nights Mail.
NEw-YoRK, September 2.
From GOttenbHrg.

Il
By the ship Powhattan. from Gotten
burg, which place she left the 10th OF Jul
ly. we learn, that there were but few A.
merican vessels in port. The ship Mer-
Gator, Perry, Of New-Bedford and the
schooner Express, of Baltimore, were to
sail for their respective ports in Jew
days ship Delaware, MCPHERSON, OF PHI
ladelphia, was lying in the roads, with
her China cargo on board, and it was
supposed she would return to the United
States with the same cargo: The ship
Ganges, of Philadelphia. and Asia, OF
Providence, had arrived with China ear.
eoes. which were to be landed and stored
at Gottenburg. China goods were who'll
u. unsaleable, even at great sacrifice.-
The markets were completely giutted;;
with almost every description of colonial
produce, particularly coffee aud sugar
of the former, upwards of 100000 lbs
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
EXTRACT OF A LETTER.
NEwBURYPORT August g.

Arrived last evening, ship salus. Fish
er, from Cadiz, which he left Sd July.
Enclosed is his marine list. Capt. F. i'll
forms. that he sailed in co. with fleet
of transports with troops and prisoners
for Lisbon or England, under convoy OF
the Leopard. Fell in with, and was board
ed by the Leopard on the 9th July; the
commander informed, that he had the day
previous spoke with cutter from Eng
land, with dispatches for the Admiral on
the Cadiz station, the purport OF which
was to detain all American vessels: that
in consequence of this information, the
Leopard had the day before captured the
Concordia. Ringe of Portsmouth, from
Cadiz, for Archangel. and the Dian, Paul
of Kennebunk, from Norfolk for Lisbon;
that he detained the SaIus, two days
aad would have sent her in, but could not
spare men.-rassenser in the Salus, capt.
VIM. Sherman, Newport.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
Port of Alexandria
ENTERED

ENTERED
Brig Eliza & Lydia, Stubs, Nantuck-
et-Plaister do.
sloop Heppit, Morrihew, Newbedford
do. do.
CLEARED.
Schooner Frsighter, Earl Barbados
by John Grid.
ARRIvED-Schooner Sally Ann, josh
Va B. Sherburne INST. 20 days from Ports
mouth On. H.)-Salt, yellow ochre. N.
E. Rum. Soap and Candles-to Yeaton Il
Conway and VIM. Yeaton. On Monday,
eth. August, the mate, VIM. Swanson,
was knocked overheard and drowned, lat.
81 N. long. 70, 90, w.
Ship Commerce, Capt. Burnham, from
Lisbon-b ballast, Silas Buder-August sth
Spoke brig Resolution, Capt. Rye, 10 days
from Salem, bound to Smyrna.-Spoke
ship Caloline ANA, Capt. Whitby, Is days
from N. York-for Lisbon, lat. 81, long.
46 w.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
On London. II 80 francs per l. sterling.
On Madrid, at 80 days-per pistole OF exch.

On London. II 80 francs per l. sterling.
On Madrid, at 80 days-per pistole of exch.
The duties designated are those levied
on goods imported in foreign. bottoms.
An augmentation Of 10 per cent. is added
onthe above duties, as War Tax. To-
bacco imported in French vessels pays
one fourth less. Duties are paid on the
gross weight excepting the following ar
ticles; Tobacco. Tea, Sugar, Coffee, CO.
Goa. Drugs, and Spices.
All merchandise not prohibited enjoy
an entrepot Of IL months, and tobacco 1 8
months; this article can only be import
ed in the leaf, and in vessels above 100
tons.
The most favorable time for effecting
sales in general, is in the months Of Oct.
March and June. I'm the two first months
our annual fairs are held, and in the lat
ter, vast quantities OF Goods are sent to
the fair of Beaueaire, which takes place
the middle of July.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
.YEATON & CONWAY

Have Just received by Schooner Sally INN,
Capt. Sher6urne, and offer for Sale,
1000 bushels CO rse Liverpool Salt
100 barrels New England Rum
: ID do. Mackarel
60 boxes Soap
90 do. Candles
80 tierces Yellow Ochre
90 kegs Tongues and Sounds.
IN STORE,
80 barrels New York Prime Pork
20 do Beef
20 do. Rosin
90 do. Turpentine
5000 lbs. Green Coffee
1000 do Sheathing Paper
1000 do Sheathing Nails
1000 do. Spikes
Bar Iron
Russia and Ravens Duck
Seine and Sewing Twine.
September d3w
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
FROM OPORTO.

Captain Breath, of the brig Fanny, ar
rived here last night from Oporto--sailed
the 1st of August, and informs, that King
Joseph, with $4,000 French troops had
entered Madrid and that the British ar
my was retreating towards Lisbon. Tie
markets at Oporto were bad flour was
ii, corn meal 5, rye -four 6, corn Is
rice Sc.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
CHEESE. &c.

10000 lbs excellent New Mich Cheese
Is barrels Herrings,
10 do. Shad. Of the first quality,
s do. Mackarel,
20 bushels Potatoes,
Is do Onions--for sale on board
the Schooner LOUISA, I WEST, Master,
lying at P. A. Covers wharf
September S. DOT"
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05

AZ The Members of the Episco-
pal Church in Alexandra are respect.
fully informed that the Reverend Mr..
MEADE will be with them on Sunday
next, and will preach in the forenoon
and afternoon at the usual hours.
September 4.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
ATTENTION.

4 LEGIONARY COURT will be held
n for hearing Appeals, and other purpe-
ses, at the Court House, on Saturday the 7th
instant, at ten o'clock in the morning.
September 5 st
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
BALTIMORE, September s.

Yesterday Kings Messenger arrived
in this city with dispatches for Mr.. Eos
ter, with which he Immediately proceeded
to Philadelphia. He landed at Annapo-
lis, from the sloop of war Cleaner, which
left England on the 10th July. This is
the first kings messenger that ever arrl-
we'd i'm the United States.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
ROBERT GRAY,
September 4


has lately received, for sale, the following
MUSIC for the Piano FORTE.
GRAND RONDO-by Weight.
Military Observation-Disclosures.
Easy Lessons-Reinagle.
Favorite Duett-Gildon.
( s; s s;;' VIZ. 4 s';;
Six Rondos-Nicolia. 49,
Serensde, Walee ct Rondo-Gildon.
Savoyard, Rondo-Gildon.
LIE Sansonet AFranchi, Gillian
Romance and Rondo,
Military Rondo-Holst.
Favorite Lesson-Steibelt.
Gipsey Rondo-Holst.
Les PIaisirs de L'Esperance-Gildon.
La File Recommendation.
The Maid Of MartivaIe, ballad from
Moors's Poems-Stephenson.
Viotti's Pollacca, arranged for the Piano
Forte-Dusek.
Italian Momfiina-Holst.
Irish Melodist-Vocal Repository, Nos.
| and s-TheSacred Companion tor the Ger.
man Flute-a selection of Psalm and hymn
Tunes, adapted to that instrument.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
Piano Forte., Guitars, French Horns,
clarinet., Hautboys, Flutes, Flies, Violins,
SC.
Violin Strings, Bows, Bridges K Screws.
Instructions for learning to play GA each
May ~.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
.aLEX.aNDRI.a D.qILY GaZET7'E.

"To sHEW
THE VERY AGE AND BODY OF THE TINE
HIS FORM AND PRESSURE.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05

lanes Greenleaf,
Attorney in fact Of
HENRY PRATT,
THOMAS w. FRANCIS,
JOHN MILLER, jun.
JOHN ASHLEY,
JACOB BAKER, Trustees, &c.
mher4 d5te
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-09-05
SALE AT AUCTION.

I'm MONDAY, the 9Th instant, at 10
~ O'Clock, A. NJ. at the Coffee House, in
Alexandra, will be sold, 1853 acres of marsh-
wood LAND, lying few miles below Alex
andria, near Hunting Creek, and adjoining
land of Augustine J. Smith, Esquire. The
title is unquestionable- The terms Of pay
ment will be made known at the time OF
sale.
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31

THE LATE GENER AL HAMILTON.
A democratic writer in the Aurora, under
the signature of MINos, bears the following
honorable testimony to the merits of the late
general Hamilton
s. In the illustrious convention of 1887.
none stood more conspicuous than the late
general HAMILTON, of the state of New.
York. In common with the other great
political characters of America, he had
borne his part both in the civil and the mi.
iitary department, in the glorious revolu-
ton. Like the ancient Roman, he united
the active and the literary characters. At
once the statesman and the warrior, his pen
and his sword were equally at the service of
his country. He possessed heart glowing
with honor and benevolence. His oratory
was OF the most engaging and commanding
stamp; and he maintained his principles
with an eloquence alike superior, in the
animation OF oral debate, and the GOODNESS
Of written discussion. He NAV be consi.
dered as the father of the federal constitu.
ton; the greatest blessing, next to their Ii
bcrty, the Americans have ever received.
he constitution of the state of New.
York, to which general Hamilton belong.
ed, was the second original constitution
formed in America. 1t bore marks of su.
periority to that which preceded it, and to
most of those which followed aud il is not
surprising that its prominen, features were
transferred to the instruments which were to
render the Americans in reality a nation"
The United States frigate Constitution,
capt. Hull. sailed from Bos ton some DAYS
since for Annapolis where it is said, she
will take Mr.. Barlow on board aud proceed
to France. The Argus, capt. Lawrence,
is expected at Boston from Annapolis.
Under the head Of" Solemn Warnings"
the Aurora contains several extracts from
letters from Ireland and Scotland. the orr
glnals of which he says are in his posses.
sion. These are intended to shew the mis-.
cradle situation of those two countries
One of the Glasgow letters mournfully com.
plains that there is no confidence, and
less money" Now We think there must
either be a mistake in the date of this epis.
tie, or else this is one of the Colonsps own
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31
PHILADELPHIA, May ~.

The French Privatecr Diligent has got
:,,o the hands of the Custom House Off
e.,,. not for her ROBBERY on the seas, but
f,r the trifling matter of running her stolen
Goods, without paying fAe duty for them.
From the following document, which
we extract from late HAVANA paper oblig-
incly handed to US, 1t appears that the civil
var in the interior of Mexico is drawing to
close, by the extinction of the party oppo-
sed 10 the Cortes, and the capture of their
geuerals-Fed. Rep.
To BrigadIsr Dan Felix Maria Callya.
The interesting and agreeable accounts,
which in official letters of the 25th current,
are addressed from the city of SIonclova,
and signed BY governors Simon de Herrera
and Don Manuel Salcedo, and the other
deputies, who compose the committee of
safety of the said city, contain the follow.
ing:
sit is necessary that you should send
me 500 men to escort the 2o4 insurgents,
taken prisoners by Captain Bultamenie,
with the property of the Bishop and some
cattle, and likewise the captured generals
Hidalgo, 8liende, A5asoios, Albania,
Zapata, Ximenes, Lanzagorta, Amanda,
Portugal, &C. sc. captured in AGATHA de
Baian, with all the conveys of gold, reals
and silver, and many prisoners, who have
been taken with all their artillery, amount
ing to more than 200 men from Colonies
downwards, besides those taken by Capt.
Bustamente."
Wherefore I sent forward the reinforce.
ment of 500 men requested from me, I'M
der the charge of Don Facundo Nelgares,
and with the rest of my army I take my
march to day for the Plantation of Pstos,
with view to regain Salullo, which com.
municate to you for your information and
satisfaction. God preserve YOU many years.
JOSE MANUEL DE OcHoA,
Commandant General of the Army.
Camp Of La Noria, tozoards SaifiA,,
2Sth March, 1911.
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31
To the Public.

WHAT l now write, is painful to
w feelings, but repugnant as it
must do it-my wife short time since,
my house, without any reasonable ca,
for have always treated her with the XII
ness due from husband. She took with
her a set of Silver Tea Spoons, marked on
the handles with @. M. w. and a number
Of other articles too tedious to mention.
am therefore disagreeably compelled here.
by to forwarn all persons from harbourine
her in any manner, or dealing with her in
any manner on my account, as am deter.
mined to prosecute the defaulter to the ut
most extent of the law.
GEORGE WIBLY.
May 81, 1911.
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31
Tendue at nine months c

WILL be sold at Public Sale
wv turday the 18th day of Jun(
the house lately occupied by M
beth Armstrong, now deceased
herds Town, sundry articles Of
Furniture, consisting among OF
OF three good Feather Beds and
one Bureau, Corner Cupb)
Tables, and one dozen Chairs,
dry articles of Kitchen Furnit,
a quantity Of Corn and Bacon.
nine months will be given on al
four dollars, the purchaser
with approved security. T.
commence at IL O'Clock, VIII
scriber will attend.
JOHN BAKE
Of E. Arms
Shepherds. Town, May 81,
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31

which we were Invited by prospe
the human and the animal carcass
in decay, repalsed our senses, a
ingly vibrated the scul at Tie $,
bic, diabolical acts of a French
here notice one grand precautio
tai was guarded Immediately fra
and | believe no serious line
from the abominable situation
French left it. From this place,
obtained, we rode on, pressing U
the goodness of or cattle, an
ton of our men, who were delig
the runaways. Greater spirits,
pine and more order, never att
my than this. The French to-
plans, had marched in three c
Santarem Two were immedis
but no mode or means were sufi
them to battle. Skirmishing
and prisoners continually sent
til we reached Pombal, where
ing himself SO closely run, h,
position kept us in check, unit
had advanced further in securI
here all ready for attack, and
morning but the French pol
In the night, and we complimerfN
our attendance on the following day
Leira river we had another facing,
some hard fighting, our dragons got
rear, and they surrendered, nearly
regiment. These had to escort, an
little moro of fighting.
But to see the country, is to weep FOL
horrors of war Such horrid excuses
Yer saw before. Every town, village
cottage destroyed. The growing nursery
wild grove, each havocked for destru,
sake. The pot that refined the oil, bro
the wine press burnt, for burning sake
grape-vines destroyed, as noxious weeds
furniture unburnt, thrown from the wind
and with carriages, &c. made bonfir'
the large libraries strewed over the lar
remnants of paper the noble sconver
ashes, and the poor, unhappy, aged inh
ants, unable to flee, hung around as
menting the walls--ten, twelve in a p
To bear the semblance of female was
tortured to be an infant, to be sacrifi,
One circumstance, almost beyond credi
to be committed by human beings i
heart of Europe, and the nineteenth ce1
a convent of eleven nuns and two p1
were escaping in boat unhappily
were too late, and overtaken near Villa /
ca the priests were one shot and one dr.
ed One only of the nuns was young
was instantly violated, as well as the
and the old age of sixty-fve was no del
against these savages. These very nuns
thus treated successfully by numbers,
confinement and disease made them i
some to the hell hounds themselves. v
| flag of truce introduced them to US
sight was most shocking. Every one
to comfort them, and to the immortal c
of comlnissary Aylmy, they were cond'
from Valida by water, with all the col
a,sd consolation that war and situation
| possibly give.
"A thousand more like these, coul
count. No age-no rank-no respect
| the convent found three unfortunate fe
rs to 80 years of age. They were Il
naked, as on entering the world, stril
conceal themselves under some rusl
straw"
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31

additions, to make the story more ;mbres-
Sice. AT any rate, it reminds US Of a simi-
lar declaration from one of Daane's coun-
trymen, who. to shew the superiority of
his native land, boosted, that :. in Ireland
you could get butter for nothing. and pota-
toes far cheaper ?"
Alex. Gaz.
A question in The Rule Of Three.-If
Bonaparte's wedding cost an hundred A
merican vessels and their cargoes--how
many more vessels aud cargoes viii the
cradle COST. which he is TO - rock boy
baby" in?
balance.
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31

Gbe JRartinsburgb Artill
a RE requested to attend at Id
"A on Saturday the 9th of June, !
Falling Waters. A punctual attendA
requested.
May 81, 1911.
Martinsburgh gazette. [volume] (Martinsburgh, Va. [W. Va.]) 1810-1825, 1811-05-31
NEW.MExICO.
balance.

Extract Of a letter from Nafchifcches, dated
28th March, 1911.
10 the Spanish provinces every thing is
in state of anarchy. The Inspector of the
royal army lately made his escape from Ma.
cogdochez and came here. He had been
made prisoner by party of insurgents,
and was about TO be removed to st. Auto.
MIA, when he ELECTED his escape"