davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07
MARSHAL'S SALES,

pr virtue OF adecree OF the Honorable Coute
Of the United States, for the fifth C;rc,,;r-
and Virginia district, pronounced in Suit de-
pending in the said Court, between Thomna
Pinkerton and Daniel Bel, surviving ass,eneea
of Donald and Burton, Plaintiffs, and David
Ross and others Defendants, will be sold to the
highest bidder, for ready money, at The Eagi.
Tavern IN the city OF Richmond, on the 15ti,
day OF June next-All that tract of Land belong
ing to the said David Ross, in the County S
Campbell, called and known by the name of the
Oxford Iron Works, or so much thereof as will
be necessary to raise certain sums of money ia
said decree mentioned, and also number OF
Slaves, likewise belonging to the said David
Ross.
WILLIAM MANN, d. NJ:
ANDREW MOORE, M.v.p.
May IA. ,5s
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07
WILLIAM MANN, D. NJ.

- UPERFINE CLOTHS THE Subscribers
- have just received by the Anoc-eon from
London, on consignment, two b. a.
ny, which they will sell low by III
for Cash.
Wa, COLO, 81
April o, 1911.
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07

HAVE just received considerable additions
il 81 to their Stock of
SPRIN OOPS;
AMONG WHICH ARE,
beautiful seeded, clustered, and other Muslins,
hne A. and Ga Cotson Cambrics Ginghams /;
Blue and Yellow Nankeens elegant Cambria
Prints colored twill'd Csmbrics, for Ladies
Dresses India Cottons, &c. &c.
Also. a piece of sxperfne black American
Broddciofh, which those who are partial to A
meriean manufactures are invited to call and ex-
anime.
H. & L. are in daily expectation Of receiy-
ing a further supply of New and Fashionable
Goods.
May 10. wIw
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07
FHR suBscRrsRR...

L the Superior and Inferior Courts Of Abe
marie County. He will continue his prctice in
the Superior and Inferior Courts Of Louisa and
Goochland. M
WV. G. PoINDExrER.
Louisa, May 8. w6wN
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07

ishing. The soil and climate or Amerita admit
of changes more rapid than in this or any coun-
try in Europe and the people being unburdeD-
ed with taxes, and of course with paupers; ev-
cry family having plenty for present spending
and most families some little m lster beforehand,
a change from one occupation 10 another, or q
short stagnation oftrade. is OF little consequence
to tIie mass of the people and Of course the go
vernment feels little inconvenience from such
stagnation. Only ten years ago. no man dreamt
of Sect cloth for his coat made in America -
Now, they make a. good cloth there ~ we can
here, or at least so nearly to it.. that the differ
ence is of no sort of consequence. Lands that
were wilderness when was in that country
are now not only settled. but have considerable
manufactures established n them. 49,. 81.
The following statement, which copy from
the Baltimore Evening Post of the 20lh Dec.
1910, will enable the reader to form some idea
of the progress tina: manufacturers are making.
He will observe that ,bese are, all but the first
settlements, quite recently formed The land
was covered with woods only about IL or Is
years ago One of them is, you will perceive,
in Kentucky; and whoever has well consider
more to enable him to say when the manu-
America LIS T..
tants-whO during the last year made 349,329
Ulster and Sullivan coun,i0 (the latter lately
taken from the former) siuce the last census,sp-
pears TO be 1881
Total in 1910 32,os4
Do. 1900 24,855
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07

W IRGINIA AT a Superior Court o
v Chancery, holden at the Capitol, in the
City of Richmond, LIST day of Feb. 1911
George w. Spotswood,
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07

A discount of S per cent. will be made to those
who purchase 100 W.T. and upwards.
May II. wSt
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07

PRIN Tin G., -
OF EvRsY DEscRIPrIoH, NEATLY Exsour.,
AT THIS oEFICE.
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-06-07
CASH SALE,

Richmond, May II.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
Superile Yellow Bark.

tn row DER, consisting chiefly OF
the eY,raIt.ve matter and reslnous portion OF
the bark, whc, Elm its virtue as medicine IL
known TO reside, is separated In degree
from the hard h )rous .nI other useless parts
in manufacture &. 1t will, therefore, be
o,Ind ,ref. rable, on account OF It's purity,
strength, fii.eness, and the small quantity
required to any other form In which the
bark has hitherto been generally used
The super GRITTY oil this bark Will be partl-
culsrlv manifest in the treatment OF those
diseases in which, OH account OF an irritable
state of the stomach and bowels, the rcqui-
site quantity Of the imperlectIy ground bark
in common u,e cannot be administered and
as any of the wstery or spiritnous prepara-
ions are well known to be Intellectual in ur-
ent cases, it is presumed that the present
fo"m will prove generally acceptable.
Ihe proprietor thinks it unnecessary to
offer any apology 10 those of his medical bre.
thren to whom he is personally known, when
he recommends to them in particular this
elegant powder ofbark since many OF them
have, in common with him, had SO frequent
and painful occasion, in the course OF long
practice, to dcpc'e the want OF so desirable
a form of u ing that inestimabie remedy and
80 fully is he assured Of its superior efficacy,
from numerous proofs OF its effects, ttet he
offers it to the faculty in general, withou,
fearing the imput,ton ofimposition.
PREPARED AND PUT UP BY
CLARK SANFORD, VI. y.
Grernzvicn, Connecticut, 1908.
NJ. The above article is put up in par
GELS Of different sizes to accommodate pur-
cRasers and is sold by James Kennedy, sen
BOOKSELLER, King street.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
Joseph SPEAR,

Mosf resfeeyulfy informs his Friends and the
PubIr,
THAT he has commenced the CABINEI
BUSINESS in al It's various branches, near
" opposite tie Vendue Store, Prince street
he also makes and repairs all kinds OF Mu-
s;cal Instruments, such as Piano Fortes,
Ra,s Viols, YioIIns, Guitars, &c and will
ais flrnish Mahogany Collins for grown per-
sons for fifteen doltars. lie hopes the
goodness of his materials, the soundness ct
his work, and the strict attention he inten 5
having % ms business, will ensure him en-.
enlargement from a generous public. All
a The above branches OF business will be ex-
ecutca at the shortest notice.
June Ia. go
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
ORIGINAL
FAMILY MEDICINES

I'd MILL
o-...,cd with the gseatest care q a''s
ny MICHlhL EE TO.
=. = Worm DESTROYING LOzenses.
Til. medicine is superior to any ever ~. v,'
,erea to the public, being innocent ana n"''
es,t.;n and eifcaci us in It's operations
ICES Eimir,
certain remedy for colds, coughs =.
,stbmas * particularly .fhe whooplng oo"sh
so destructive to children
Lee's Essence ST Mustard
Co well known for the cure OF Rheuma-
tism, govt, palsy, sprains' &c
Lees grand hestoraf've,
Proved by long experience to be unequai'
Id IN the sure of nervous disorders, con-
symptoms, lowness Of spirits, in"afa "saA
ness etc mn
Lees Anti-biHous P1Hs,
For the prevention and cure oil bilious anu
MALIGNANT fevers
Lee's Sovereign Ointment far the Zen,
whicb ;s warranted an inlalii5e remedy
at ore applicant n.
Lee's intaii5le Asue y Fever Drons'
FOR the cure Of agues, remittent and inter.
mi,tent fevers.
Iee's Genuine Persian Lotion,
Celebrated for the cure OF ringworms, tet'
tiers, etc.
Lees Genuine Eye Water,
.n efTectual rem. Ly 70, all diseases IN the
eys
LEES 7ooth-Aehe Droh',
" hich give immediate relief.
Ier's Corn Pi7ister.
LEES Dceask Lip Safpe.
Lers Restorative Po7vder,
For tn. teeth and gums.
Ler's ,inodyne EG1ir,
For the cue OF every kind Of headache.
1he Iqdau Yfsefable Specific,
For the cure of Venereal complaints
Sold wno esale and retail, by the proprle-
TOR No %, Pitt-street. Baltimore.
r GRAY, bookseller, King-street, and
". KINGSTON, Fairtax-street, Alexan-
dia.
10 country merchants and others, who
purchase to sell ag,in, liberal discount Will
be gwen ny the proprietors.
To detect caumerieiis observe each artI-
Gle has, ON the outside wrapper, the sigma
ture of MICH AEL LEE and Go.
n, Is. At the places of sale may be had
fgralisl pamphlets nt,ining recent aud ex-
tor il r., ca.es Of cures whose length pre-.
vents tncre ncing herewith inserted.
Jure %. IaW
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
PUBLIC SALE.

The subscriber will offer at public sale, at
tAe Coffee House in Alexandria,, on SA-
IURD AY the first Of September. at ~
O'Clock. on credit Of six, nine x twelve
months, for notes negotiable at the bank of
Alexandria, with an approved endorser--
The House on Klng-street,
near Washington street, now occupied by
MIR. Sloan Sc the House sdjoining-the house
on Fai ak street now occupied by Mr.. Slade
the Houses on Joncs's Point, with one or
mole A res of Ground-The House * Lot at
the corner of Faili.x and Franklin streets
three Lots adjoining on Fairfax street, and
three more Lots adjoining on Franklin street
lie nil dispose Of at Priuate Sale,
All or an, prt of his Land lying on the
Mall and Hunting Greek.
S. COOK.
Leesburs July 1913 2awtds
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
Public Sale.
July 81.

On Tuesday the 2oth August, at 10 o'clock,
on The Premises, the suDscri 9rr viii expose
at Public Sale, Tor resdy money,
A Tract Of Land, containing
One Hundred and Seventy Acres. siuuied Oh
the Post Road leading from AIexariria to
Occoquan, FIVE mi es from the former, and
seven miles from the later pi4ce--helng
moiety OF the Round Hill Fraer. This Land
is valuable, every foot of it being .uitable for
grass or SINAI! grain, and il the lie tine of
the late William Triplett who resided many
years on this land, the part now offered for
sale has produced upwards Forty Tons Of
Hay in season. An in,lisputabie title viii
be given.
James Irwin.
July is 2awts
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
FOR SALE.
July 8.

TWO thousand four anid ed acres of
l. ND, in Fairfax county Virginia, 81 uat,d in
healthy, genteel nei .h o hood, sDout y
miles frem the city of Washington & t'eor,e
I own. am. 10 mics from Alexandria nc
turnpike road from Alexandra to the Lit e
River passes about one and hall miles from
the dwelling house. The land is well water
ed Of good quality, and adapted ~ the
Plaster of Paris. The Improvements are a
large dwelling house 4S feet lon' and p feet
wide, two stories high, good kitchen, meat
house, tobacco house granaiy, M2bles AMI
corn house, all in good repair. will take
the moderate pri of ;rn DoHars per are;
one third OF the purchase money PAYABLE at
the time of ssle, the residue at the expra-
ton of ! 8 months.
Sto K, in any Of the banks vi hin the dii.
trict of Columbia, will be received; or Lands
on the low parts OF Potomac or Rappsaan.
neck rivers, and in the Yves Elm country will
be taken in exchange.
Richard Fitzhugh.
July 81. 2aW8w
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
N O r l c E.

THE subscribers for the Stock Of the
Washington Canal Company, are notified,
that the 9Th and 10th instalmems of Zen
Dollars each, ON each share, is called fol /;
til 9th payable on tie third, and the lo;I, IN
the 24th September next. at the Bank OF
Washington; to SAMUEL ELIOT, jun. tfea--
suier ~,
BY order Of the Board Of Directors,
J. T.. Frost, elk.
July 81 law3w
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
AT the annual meeting of the
July %.

hl-b llC uItiftAdl hISSso
Stockholders in the Little River Turnpike
Comp my, in the own of alexandria on the
FIRST Monday in December, 1910, the toll
loving resolution was unanimously adopted
Tha, for the purpose of ENCOURAGING the use
ofbro I'd wheel Wagons on the Little river
TURNPIKE road, all Wagons the br eadtn OF
The wheel, whereof shallb be six inches, SHAH
be permitted to pass the gates on said ROAD
toll free, for tine term of two years, and all
wagons whose wheels shall DC the breadt.
of Eve inches, shall be permitted to pass toll
free. for the term OF eighteen non.hs-aii
wagons the breadth of the wheels whereo:
shall be four inches, shall be permitted 10
pas. toll free for the space OF IS months
from the time they shall first pass the re
spective gates, which shall be specially no
ticed by the gate keepers-And that this re-
rulation shall be extend to all who shall
avail themselves Of it within TIVE years.
jonah Thompson, Stey.
December 2S. law
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
For SALE,

Il ,3ss,y NEGRO GIRL, about 10 years
of ape. an excellent house servf nj, a good
sf amstress-can be well recommends l.-
App TO the Printer.
July - '''
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
lust Published,
Far Sal, BIZ ROBERT GRAY,

For Sass " N0oGNA
An account OF Exp editions to the Sources
,ofthe Mississippi, and througn the Western
nar,s of Lsuisiana, to the Source of ths At
kansaw, Kans La Platte, aad Pierre Jaun HI
ver.-persormed by o der of the government
of the United States during the years 1909
1906, and 1907 -
IND n TOUR THROUGH
The interior Parts Of Mw SPAN,
When conducted through thee Province 5
by order of the Captain General. in the year
lsJ7-by Major L NJ. Pike-illustra1ed
with Maps and Charts.
Price with the Plates saperate, $ Is
Ditto with the Plates bound IN CT. ) 50
Ditto in soards, w
e. Subscribers viii please call for their
copies.
JUST REcEIVED,
A supply of Carey's Family
Bibles, and AdgateS Music.
July 10 "
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
District OF Columbia,
County OF A1ExANDRIA-to wit.
July Term, 1911.
William Prout, eomflainan:,
against IN Czo,c-,,
James Taylor and William
Fox, de}endants.
The defendant James TAYLOR
The defendant James Taylor,

y i
not having entered his apl Ca ance anu given
security according to the statute md tie
rules Of this court, and it appearing to the
satisfaction of the court, upon affidavit, that
the said James Taylor IS not an ihhabitant Of
this dis,rict--on motion of,he said complain.
ant by his counsel, it is ordered, tina, the
said defendant James Ia, lor. do appear here
on the first day Of next term and enter Lis
appearance to the suit, and give security or
performing the decree OF the court, and that
the other defendant, William Fox, d6 nc.
pay away, convey, or secrste, the debts by
him owing to, or the estate or effects in his
hands belonging to the said absent defend
ant James Taylor, until the further order or
decree ofthis court; and that copy of this
order be forthwith published for two months
successively IN one OF the pubic newspapers
published in this county, and that another
copy be posted at the ficnt door of the court
house of said county.
A copy-Te.t,
G. Deneale, c. Co.
July 81 law3m
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03

SHINES not having entered disappearance and
given security according to the statute and
the rules Of this court, and it appearing
to the satisfaction of the court, Upon af-
fidayit, that the said Richard I. SHINES is not
an inhabitant of this district-on motion of
the said complainant by his counsel, it is Or
dered, that the said defendant Rich T SHINES
do appear here on the fist day of next
term and enter his appearance to the suit,
and give security for performing the decree
If the court, and that the oth.r defendant,
Led Skinner, do not pay away, convey, or
secre e. the debts by him owing to. or the
est-te or effects in his hands belonging TO the
said absent defendant Rich.T SHINES until the
further order or decree Of this copr. ; ard
that a copy of this order be forthwith publish.
ed for two months successfully in one the
public newspapers pu olished in this county,
and that another cepv be posted at the front
door Of the court house of said county.
A copy Test,
G.. Deneale, c. c.
July 81 Iaw2m
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
NEW NOVELS.


For Sale at Pubic auction,
ON THE FIR ST TUESDAY IN AU-
GUST NFXr,
THE PL IN i.iJIOT OF the late Burdf
i Hamilton, lying OF, t'.e Potomac rlres,
in harles county, coltaiaiag - acreS-t :
soil is equal to any in tie county. is OK
pected th,t any person wishing 10 pu, cno.e,
will view the premises-it is theret're unfe-
cessary to enurnerate TIE many a,tvsntagt S
attending this beautiful sitrau0n
Trims II saie-One hall of &c purchase
money to be p ii in 2 months, x nc o.hcr
in months from the day Of sac, the puI-
chaser giving bond with approved sAcunty.
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
N o T I C E.

r%BE Subscriber, the ensuing fall, VIII
IL pass through the States OF oaio, ~ 80
.uoky and Tennessee. Gentlemen having
1Asp CLAIMS to investigate, or otner ousi-
ness to transact in these counnes' m .! feiy
up,n a prompt and assiduous attention to
the commands. with which ae may DC en-
,ras,ed Communication. post paidi for
w.rdiay the necessary documents, and ex-
nress;n, the rate of compensation Tor his
s.rv,re.: addressed to the subscriber, at
Dnmfr;es, Virginia, on or before the 10Th
Auxnst, will be attended to
James E. Heath,
Attorney at Law.
July %. co"
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
The defendant Daniel Ken.

nedy, not having entered his appearance and
ven security according to the statute and
the rul Of this court, and it appea ring 10
the satisfaction of the court, upon afi avit,
that the said DanieI Kennedy is not an inha.
Infant Of his district: on motion OF the said
complainant by his COUNSEL it is orlered,
that the said defendant Daniel Kennedy, do
appear here On the first day of next term and
enter his appearance to the suit, and give Sc
curity for performing the decree the court,
and that the other defendants Richard Par
rett and Stephen II. Fling, do NOT pay away,
convey, or secrete, th@ debts by them owing
to, or the estate or effects in their hands be-
longing to the said absent defendant Daniel
Kennedy, until The further Of der or decree
OF THIS court, AID that a copy Of this ordcrb be
forthwith published for two months s. Gees.
sively in one of the public newspapers pub
lisaed in this county, and that another copy
be posted at the front door of the court house
Of said county.
a copy-T este,
G.. Deneale, C. c.
August I. lawsm
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
lust received from Richmond

lust received from Richmond,
AND WILL BE SOLD CHEAP,
CMALL TWIST, Cavendish and other
~ Chewing Tobacco, OF the very best qua
ity; half Spaniss and best American Sc
CARS; Scotch and RaPpee Snuff, Smoking
Tobacco, etc etc
John. May, To6aeeonist.
Lower end of Prince street,
Alexandria
". B: Two or three good Joarneymsn viii
fad constant employ and good wages-Also,
two or three l.hhrentices OF ;od character
wanted. N..ei
July 20
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03
Richard Stuart.

N. B. All masters of vessels & other per-
sons are hereby iorewarned from harborlng
or employ ing the above described negro man.
at their peril, or under the severest penal
ties of the law. IL D.
flo 2awtf
Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political. [volume] (Alexandria [Va.]) 1808-1812, 1811-08-03

One Hundred Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY, on the othJune last, from the
estate oil DANIEL M'CARTY, deceased IN
the county of Westmoreland, and state OF
Virginia, -,
A Negro Man, named G'Ies;
n carpenter Nv trade; about six feet hish'
strai, and well made, about IS years OF sse'
dark complexion, has high nose and bushy
head, and may he said to be likely sprght-
~ fellow. He had on homespun twliled
warn aud cotton round Jacket an pantaioons.
there is no doubt but he will change his
clothes, Ii is therefore thought unnecessary
20 describe them more particularly 1t IS
expected that he has procured pass, or
forged certificate Of hi, freedom, as ne goes
from neighborhood where there are many
free ne sroes who write, and from WIN m he
might very readily obtain copy OF their
mass or certificates of freedom. 1t is conn
IDENTIFY expected that he will entleavor to get
to some of the northern or eastern states
THIRTY DOLLARS will be gives If taken
in the county if 40 miles from home FOR
Try DOLLARS; if60 miles SIXTY DOL
LARS: and if out Of the state and secured
in any ;all so that get him az ain, the above
reward, and all reasonable charges paid II
hrouvht home.
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-04-02
BosToE, March %.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND &c SPAIN

SPAIN-Tortosa, in Spain, after siege of
10 DAYS. has fallen into the hands of the French
Marshall MDonnel, Immediately after the sur
render, marched to invest Tarragona which. If
was feared, would surrender.
An expedition of Boats, from. British men Of
war, had sailed in an attempt against Palamo..
east of Barcelona 600 were killed, and $50
we're taken prisoners.
ENGLAND As before stated, the Regen-
cy Bill passed the British IL. Of Commons 3d
Jan The Princes party slrove for some further
notifications; but Ministers had small n,aio-
r.ty In the House OF Lords il received sumo al
tersiions on the 25'b, Ministers beng there in
the minority; and assigned for the S8th Irat
tered, the bill must go back TO the Commons ;
Il cannot be expected 10 be complete before the
hrst week VI February. Till the Regency be es-
taphshrd, tlicre is no executive 20 yer To revoke
the Orders in Council. The Ministry must n.
changed Wien the Regent comes into ohice, for
II IS impossible tie Prince can con, nue. TICS.
VINO so vexatiously oppose him. Lord Wellesley
may be excepted.-I Tdaddian.
The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1811-04-02
E1sua Of aiasef from Alalsa, dated No


A French squadron of Ave frigates,
some coryettes, aud gun boats, sailed from
Ancore with troops to relieve Corfu. but
having met with contrary winds put into
LISA, where they found rich prize. Wig.
in all about twenty vessels. privateers and
merchantmen from this. the whole Of which
were carried into SPalatro. There was no
English force to oppose them. This affair
was we understand concluded in four hours.
1t happened about the end Of OCT"
KoNINGsBuRG, Dec. %.
There are 210ot the Baltic convoy in this
port and Mealel. under seizure and confsca-
tion. OF these 60 are in ballast, and $50 la
dere whose cargoes one with ane, her, may
be estimated at CSC, 900 francs, amounting in
the whole to thirty millions.
At Goldberg. Stettin and Swinemunde, yes
sclsare detained to nearly the same value.
Here. then. is colonial produce, exported by
the English, confscated to the amount of
sixty millions in the Prussian ports. II is
confidently reported that this merchandise is
given up to France in payment of the con-
tributions due from our Court, exclusively of
the English manufactures computed at a
sixth. say ten millions, which are to be burn.
ed. The remainder will be sent to France
by transit. to be sold anu consumed in that
empire.