The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1807-04-24
lnieteUatln.
bZSCoYsRIFS AND IMRR0YBMEN7S,
Atkins ArHENGUM.
PRESERVATION OF WATER AT SEA.

ATKINS
PRESERVATION OF WATER AT E A
Captain Krufenffern, who commanded the Rufiau
expedition Of difeovery in 1906, has fent an account
home, OF his having proved, in the moi fatisfa6ory
manner, the great efficacy which the operation of
charming the infdes of caks has to preferve water
perfectly fweet at fea. He had fxty eafks eharred
mere deeply than ufual before he failed, and, during
his tfay at the Brazils, had the greateR par, of his
calks burned on the inlide the water in them was
eonlantly found to be good during the whole of his
Pailage to the lie of Warrington at Japan, ne again
burned the iniide OF the caks, which preferved the
water quite pure during a feven weeks pafage from
thence TO Kamfehatka. The captain declares, that.
by this means, the water was ~confantly pure. and
asgood as that from the beh brings" He alto took
care that the caiks hould never be filled with fea.wa.
ter, as is uisal, to fave the trouble Of fhifting the
DaHa", eeeanie TINS tends to haiten the corruption of
the trefh water afterwards put into them.
The eharring operates both by the %antifeptic pro-
Perries OF the charcoal, and in preventing the folutiou
Of the extraaive part of the wood.
Charring is much recommended for wine cafk, al
10, and all eaks which are to contain liquors.
The proeeis of eharring Cake was ecommended by
bertholiet, IN a communication TO the National lnai-
tute of France in 1903 ; but Lowitz had d;fcovered
the antifepe'c properties of charcoal many years be-
lore, as appears from fome memoirs in Cre,p, Iour-
nal, the tranilation of which was pub,;Aed here INV
Baldwin in 1888; An account of the Ufe Of Char.
eoai tor !" Preterving water fweet for the ufe of Sea-
fneflin lea Voyages, was ALTO publifhed in Dublin, in
July ISL in the Hibernisn Magazine, extracted
from Mr.. Lowisz's Memoirs on this fubieta.
As nothing contributes more to the health of fea.
men than the goodness of the water they ufe, it 10
hoped our Admiralty will. at lean, give order, for the
pie OF thus P1oesis in our fea ferviee Especially as it
has been FRI ufed in the fervice Of another nation.
which feemsto be an indifpenfable resuiGte TO the {,
doPtion of any Improvement tina, depends on them.
From Atkins Htbeusexnn.
HYDRAULICK RAM OF MONTGOLFIER.
Inc accounts OF this engine having been principally
publifhed in 1906, render i. proper TO be noticed u
this work
The hydraulic ram operates by the momentum of a
fall OF water which, fuddenly Topped in il, eourre,
re-aeis in another direction. An horizontal pine Of
fome coniderable length, proceeds from the bottom,
Ola reiervoir OF water; at its other extremity j. plac-
ed valve opening downwards; at a fmall difiance
eefore this valve, the pipe communicates with an air
vefiei by a valve opening upwards * jut above thi,
iait valve a fnaller pipe rifles upwards, through which
the water is conveyed TO the place required.
This apparatus sashy alternate impulfes the wa
ter hrit runs cut patt the defending valve, till it ac-.
cures that momentum, from the accelerated velocity
ofits TALL IN the rcfervoirs, which clofes that valve by
forcing it upwards; the momentum then forces il in
TO the air-vehei and the attending pipe, till the re-ac-
ton oi the enclefed air, and the elevation of the water
III this lait pipe, counterbalances its force the weight
OF the defending valve, then hyperion to its impulfe,
eanies 1t TO fall, the water i1ues as at fr0, and the
lame eourfe is repeated while the water pafIes a. the
defending valve, the reaction Of the compreaed air
in the air-veGel dofes the Attending valve, and force,
the water up the vertical pipe.
Mr.. Bouiton OF Soho, obtained a patent 1897, fan
account of which is publia ed in the 9Th volum. of
the Repertory of Arts) for various applications Of the
hydraulic principles en- which the aaion of the ram
depends, the fecond of which is p~recifely the fame as
the ram. IL isthereiore, not unlikely, that Monrpol-
fer only ~tranfla,ed Mr.. Boulton's continuance into
French. This is the more probable, as ii is a thing
frequently pra6ifed by our Gallo neighbours, Of
which many inftances may be feen in the dnnsles Gss
dth : perhaps IL is part of their fyGem of Universal
Plumber to appropriate intellectual as we'll as terrific
fral property iffo, it ought to be ftrenuouly reha-
I'd by all who hold this fylem in the adherence i,
deierves.
An engine, on the fame principles, is dercribed in
Philosophical TRANSACTIONS Of I775, to have been E.
reSed at the feat of Philip Egerton, Efq. at Oulton,
IN Cheiiire, IN which the pipe was 200 yards long,
and two inches and a half diameter, and the fupply of
water ~wastwenty feet above this; it had an air.veHel
fitted with a valve, by the reaction of the air in which
the water was forced upwards, to lupply a brewery
and ether offices.
THOMAS PAINE, TO MORGAN LEWIS.
on MS PRosEcuTioN OF
Mr.. FdRMHR,
FOR N HUNDRED THOSAND DOLLARS
DAMAGES.
The proud integrity of c~onlcious reaitude fears no