davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
SATUR DA7, SEPTEMBER Is. 100
1l5o 10

A ores OF LAND FOR SALE; III of
which les in the county of Pi,,syivsnia, IN
ON the branches ut z khorn and Shockoe creeks,
adjoining rho lines of Joseph Terry lanes Iohn
son, snd others The grea,er part of this land
is excellent toblcco land the whol. lies well, IS
well watered, and tinbered aud all in wood
400 acres IN the couny of Buckingham, on the
waters OF Frisny and middle State river sdioin-
ing me lines Of Charles Maxcey Nicholas Con
ner, and o;hers-this land is also uncleared, lies
well well 'imbered md wa,ered, and a good
proportion Fl, for the culture of tobscc ard
most excellent situation 70 the rail- lg Of stock
of all kinds. 287 ID acres on the head Of
Ha'cher's creek, in ths said county of Buckine.
ham adjoining .he lands uf capt. Peter NJ Cav
Leonard Ci?burn and o,hcrs--about one half of
this tra6 cleared. the greater part Of which has
lain tainv number ct years consequently in
pine order for ,he putting in of small grain this
fall. which it woul bring well, IF properly put
m-.he other haf is in woods and of good
growth; there is also on this land pretty good
dwelling house, two rooms below and 5ne above,
with brick chimney, win fire place in she ,wo
lower rooms, and some necessary gu, houses
The whole of the above lands are now offered
for sale and upon moderate terms 5u: if not
sold privately the first trat. will be laid off into
lots and sold. to the highest bidder. at Halifax
Old Town now Peytorsbu;g 4 few usi.es be-
low The said land, On the first Monday in No
venber next. part cash and part upon credit.
The other two, if not sold before. will at Buck
inghsm court, on the second VI ,nday in Novem-
Der next, be sold, TO the higlses, bidder, as \.
bove; in the meantime, any one who will buJ,
may tFeat with the proprietor, living in Buckng
ham county.
Henry Bell.
Rurtinob,r1 yQn6
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
FoR TIE .AKUUS.

Observations in opposition to the opinions and
principles. contended for in Pamphle, called
War in Disguise
No. vi.
Means by which the 7aUies Of The fsdcrattue
states IF .Rnrohf mn become sahcrior 10
fkat OF Grcat Briain, c'nciufcd---.d..d os
se,Uahons concerning tde treaty Of I'M
ems and Isio,td Of 6iai.a.
Bot even admit iug that all Europe,
from The Baltic 10 Inc Adria;ic, Cannot at
ford sufficient number of ,ai,ors S. COM
mandets, In do Justice 10 the enterprise
IS there not another resource . wiz nos
Napoleon procure sailors and comnaq
ders from Crest Britain, Ireaod and a
merica, by giving nigh inducements IL
Zen dollars month will not do, will he 20.
give 30 or so, or even more A hundred
exper, seanien TO ship OF the line will
be s'fFicisn'. The French sailors would
indeavCr 10 emulate them, and this emu!a-
ton would be excited By rewards.
Before this point 10 smissed it is
proper to say something in rciaiion to the
entctpr u and prosperity Of ancien, naii-
ons, and the advantages which have ac-
crued 10 those who have enjoyed the en-
pire OF the seas.
The influence which nation will have
over sll'other nations, by The command of
the ocean, may be easily asSsrained by
The advantages which commerce ever has
given TO those nation, by which i, has
been cultivated. This is not only cs,a
bl'shed by ancient as well as modern his
tory, but is proved by The daily experience
Of every obserVer--Many examples either
of which would illustrate the subject
might be given, but few only will be re-
liedupon.
The Phenicians, whose chiefcities were
Tyre and Sidon, who IN Scripture are cal
led Canaan,es, are the first Commercial al
people whose history is known 10 ne, ard
even thai is TOO much o5scured in fables
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
Henry Bell.
06 !NN I0l
We hare lately receiOea,
FOR SAFE

Coh - - LIZ,
IL hhds. sugar Is boxes cotton 81 wool
80 bbls do. cards do
3D0Olbs green coffee 4 tons castings assort-
10 hhds Antigua rum ed, viz. pots, ovens,
5 do Windward Island skiess, spiders, and
do irons, teakc,tles aAd
ID hhds N E. rum Wagon boxes
IL bills do do $50 sacks salt
! hhds. molasses 100 bOs cur herrings
casks Malaga wine 80 10 whole do
2O'ie'ces K bls. whisky IS do shad
4pipes apple brandy ~ lbs Spanish indigo
Is bbis do do IS lbs nu,meg,
10 crates Liverpool 100 pr mems inc shoes
ware assorted so do coarse do
10 do stone do 800 lbs Ciaub-r salts
NE havc also on hand,
Iron Loaf sugar
German, Crawiey and Tanners & I.insecd oil
hli:,erd Steel Nova Scotia grind
Zee * ground ginger stones
Pepper Ground plaster in hbl.
Aspice Good manufactured 20
Fl g. F powder bacco by the keg. fer
Suot, asserted sizes re;aiiinr
French brandy Tar
Rice Wesiinr hoes
Cheese Nests woodward
Wrought and cutn4i!s, Bed cords leading lines
assorted sizes and twins
Snuff Necklace
Class ware, viz. 9 pit Stone jugs, butter pots,
tumbless and ocean. chamber pots, ash
tiers, assorted sizes hasons, bake pans
Hats churns, 3sc SIC &c,
We daily expea 70 receive, a quin,i;y Of Sherry
Wine Window Glass Co2etass and Alum. I'll
of which articles, we will sell at a small advance,
for cash. approved paper or country p oduce.
Shapard & Lucke.
Richmond MAY 8 1905.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
FOR SALE.
A GREE E to the will of Tho.

A GREE ABLE to the will of Tho
Il n mas Peasants. dec. of GoochIand.
The following Parcels of Land;
About GOO acres lying on The head waters oe
cary's creek, in the county of Fiuvaana; sly
acres lying Oh each side Little Michunk creek
IN said county; abou, 200 acres in The county Of
Goochland on tsIe Bird creek 227 in SAID coun
ny. on Geni.oe creek. aijoining the ground on
which The Friends Meeting house stands and.
20 acres wood land, on the same creek li,,je
detached from the last mentioned 1t is thought
unnecessary 90 say any thing of The quality of
she land--The payments will be made easy on
Eeceiving indisru;abe security.
VIM. II. Peasants, Ex'or.
September a. 1876 w6t
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
NOTICE.

TIVE partnership OF THOMAS IT. WAL
TON & Co is his day Dissolved by mutual
consent All those who are indebted 10 said con
Germ are desired TO make Payments to Tho. II
Walton, who slime is authorized to receive ths,l
and give discharges. Those TO whom the con
Germ are indebted, will apply to him for pay
Tnen..
Tho. II. Walton,
William Walton, ir.
Gainesville, 3Ist August, 1906. wa
The business will be carried on in future by
the subscriber.
Thomas II. Walton,
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
Cox PEASANTS Jus pn1srr.
{ Aonr DeAas Per Aanuns.. ..paidin edvance.

Charlotte Court, ID June, 1906.
Lew. WaIdin, Plaintiff }
Against n, Clore,.y
Jesse y rard Defendant,
& Nm the motion ofthe plaln,ifrhv his
~ Attorney, Z, is ordeye Tina, ,illery Nose
ley Edward Mo.eley and Zachariah Finch be
made party defendants TO this .ui and il is
fuf,her ordered ha, the said defendants yilery
Moaeley. Edward Mose.cy aud zach,rah Finch,
do retain one hundred dollar, of n. money in
their hands belonging to the defendant, e oard,
un'i' the further order Of ths ccurt, and tina,
subpoena issue comm snding the said EIie.y
MoSeley Edward Noselcy nd Finch, TO anpcar
and answer the plaintiff, bill The defendant
III 'aId. not having catered h,s appearance &c
toraing 70 the adt Of Assembly and the rules of
this court, and II appearing the satisfaction of
tie court, that he Is not an inhabi,an, of this
state on the motion of The plaintiff by his at.
torney, II is ordered, That he appear here on the
hss, day of November court next, and give sc
curly for performing the decree ,f The court;
thar copy of Snis order be inserted IN one of
the Virginia Caze,tes for Two month, success.
sivey and posted az the front door or ,he court.
house Of the SAID COUNTY
copy reste,
IhOYn,, D1J
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13

N n motion of the complainants
~ ey their counsel and l. appearing 20 the
Satisfaction of The court. that the defendant Ia
Itaterro and Patteson are not inhabitants of this
state. 1t rs ordered and decreed that uniess they
shall appear here on or before November term
next, and answe. the bill Of The compliments
the same will then be taken for confessed and
the matter thereof decreed accordingly, and that
copy of this order be forthwith published for
two months successfully in some pubic news
paper of the city of Richmond. and ano her co
py be posted up at the front door of the corr,
house of the said ccunsy
Copy -Te-.e.
ROLFE. ELDRIDGR, il PC
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13

Arficies Of tie Treafy Of .FintRs which re-
iate 70 the Isiaai! Of Gialla, &c. are 90 IoI-
iow:
" The Island Of Malta, GOA ard Co
mint, shall be restored % the efdsr OF S. 4.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
Thomas Read.

Charlotte Court, 9Th Aug. 1906.
hlexandec Garden, PLAINTIFF
against In C5anceyy.
Stephen Bedford, defendant.
THE defendan, Bedford, not having entered
his appearance according to the az OF rs
senb'y and the rules OF this cour, and il appear
Ing TO the satisfaction of he court. tina, he is
not an inhabitant OF this s,ae ;---Oh ,he motion
ct the plaintiff by his attorney 1t is ordered that
he appear here on the FIRST Gay of November
court next, and give SECURITY for performing the
decree OF the court; tnat copy Of This 5r IA be
inserted in one of The Virginia Gszetes. Tor Two
months successfully. end posted at the front door
OF the court house of the said county.
n copy. testc,
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13

Observations in opposition to the opinions and
principles. con'ended for in Pamphle, called
War in Disguise
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-09-13
Thos. Read, C. C. c.


buckingham county, July Court,
1906.
Joseph Clarke and John Harris, : :
Complainants. ! ,
zacharias Taliaferro, Charles Paueson and { 3
,hn Baskerville. Defendants J J
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
General Office of Insurance.
IASGARy 9Th, 1906,

JANUARY Stb, lbDSs
TIVE general meeting OF the Mu,ua, Insu:aree
COMPANY against Fire on GooDs aud Fur.
SiTuRE, in the state OF Virginia, which took
place this day, agresaby TO no:ice previously CIV
en-. in the public papers. was too :hn. 10 auiho.
rise any proceeding, as TO the general concerns
OF the company. The meeting was therefore add
jcn:ncd until 10 O'Clock iS the morning Of Tues.
day the fourth day of next month.
AS the aaairs of the company ae in snoh state
as 70 require imperiously, immediate attention,
ard a: most OF the members are noSo liable 70 in
cur all the disadvantages OF che institution, with.
ou.a possibility of being, in any degree, benefit
ted by 1t. should any accident occur 60 Them it is
earnestly hoped, as matter cf the first conse.
quence TO their individual interests, that they
will bcpointed in a,,cnding the said meeting, Ell.
Their personally OK BY proxy.
VIM. II. Fitzwhyisonn, P.Agent.
Richmond. ,drn
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
Geo. Watt

HAS removed from the store he formerly os-
u u oupied TO I brick house on the crcs: stree,
leading from the main strertto Shockoe ware.
house, where he has on hand and offers to dis.
pose OF on moleratetcrms, bywholcsae,
TIE following ArticleS, 0iS:
Loaf and Museovado Sugars,
N. England, w. island, and Antigua Rum,
Cognisc, Barcelona anil Apple Brandy.
Sherry and Malaga Wine,
Coffee of superior qual,y,
Mciasses, Ginger and Fig Blue.
Ycang Hyscn and Imperial Tea,
400 Sacks liverpool Salt
PateHt Shct, assorted sizes-And
The reMaindsr OF his Stock of Dry Goods
Consisting principally of articles suited 70 the
present and approaching season, which he will
eitser sell on 1redi, of 3, 6 and months. for
notes nesociabis at the Bank of Virginia, with
approved endorsers, or barter for Tobacco
FIour or Hemp.
Cash given for Tobacco.
Richnond, 22d March, 1906.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
Land for Sale.

Tn pursuance Of 4 deed OF trust executed to the
subscriber by William Hall, to secure the pay.
ment of q debt therein mentioned, due 70 James
Bruce, will be sold, ~ auttion, for ready money,
ON the premises, on Saturday the 25,h day of
January, 1906, certain TRACT OF Land,
in the county of Halifax. containing b. estrna-
ton one hundred and forty acres, and bounded
by the lands of Obadiah Kent, William Ken, 8,
John Rentey. A particular description of this
land ard improvements is deemed unnccessary,
as ii presumed MOI person would purchase VITA
our Erst viewing it.
Adam loot.
December %. 1895. wtds
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
ROBERT GREENHOW,
\ MERCHANT in Wiiiiamsl,u..

M En- II AMI In Williamsburg,
lEh returns his thanks 20 his good GUS, omefs,
and the pubic in general. for the support and en-
eouras ement he has experienced during the whole
of his n,ercantiie career. lis time Of lie. and
extensive dealings, renders i; nov absolutely ne
eessary. that retrospect should he taken that
he should i'm measure Withdraw from business;
and seriously set about the winding mp of his past
concerns. To accomplish which, he now en,reals
ali those IN arrears. either by speCalties or open
accounts, TO favor him so far, on the prcsen.S,i.
on of their respective debts. to come forward, Z
make payments or give him satisfactory assur-
anccs, that on or before the year eighteen hwi-
dred and seven, such should be made.
FRoM aad AFTER the LIST day of the ensuing
year. the business OF the store will devcivc
whollyo ROSCOW COLE. for whose CON.
duet in every respea. he can from long expert
ence, vouch. Twill be conducted under the Arm
of GREENHOW & COLE. and if not on the
extensive scale that it has herct ofore been, it will
be generally found supplied with such articles as
are most in dcrnand--which being at all times
purchased with CASH. viii be disposed of Tor
CASH, such PRoDucE IS may suit, AND ON
CREDIT ONLY to PUNcTvAL CUSTOMERS, on
as low terms as possible.
MOSCOW COLE begs leave to assure all
those who may favor him with their custom, that
no exer,ion his part shall be wanting, 70 give
satisfaction. That la'e, or early ne will ifhea,h
permi,s) be ever ready 70 attend the demands of
customers, and endcavor to deserve, the PAR
RoNAoE OF THE FUBLrc.
Williamsburg Dec. Goth 1905. t1F
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
MarshaPs Sales.

To be Sold. for ready money, under decree
of the Court of the United States for the
IF h Circuir IN the Virginia Distria, between
L meas Bond, attorney for the creditors Of Cze.
keel Edwards, pl,f. and David Ross and others
deits in order toraise the sum of dolls 967 80.
due and payable on The first day of July, 1905 and
the further sum of dolls 1866 Go, due and pay
able the first day of January 1906. that valuable
and well known estate in the county of Botstouri.
called FO PT l. e vi S, stated by said X oss
to contain 260S acres.
The sale will take place on the premises on
the 9th day OF February next.
Also, on the 4th day of March next, will be
sold, under the aforesaid decree, at the Oxford
Iron Works. in the comfy of Campbell, num-
bsr of valuable SLAVES.
Ben. Mosby, D. M. for
Jos. Scott, M. V. d.
January IS, 1906. tbs
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
5. JACOBS
LIZ no p Gle.

III s. no x SA l. T.,
GIN POWDER of superior quality, by the
Hcg.
5. J. fatteTs himself that from his attention
in prscuring this article ONLY of an excellent
quality aud the reasonable rate at which he sells
1.-THE will not only merit a Continuation OF hts
Customers, but be enabled to supply (much 70
their sa'i5fasion) all those who are in the habit
Of retailing il.
Oaobsr 29th, 1905. II
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
To be Rented.

a NEW BRICK HOUSE, two stories high,
L A with dorraer wisdows. with eight FIRE pIa
ces in each tenement. The house was built TO
accommodate two families. IL lies the main
street. on Shockoe hill, little above Major
Wolfe's Wa. DU-yAL.
December Is, 1906
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
Louisa County Court, November

10TH, 1905.
chafes Barrett, surviving partner of, -
Charles and Thomas Barrett, pltf. | 8
AGAINST
decd. deft. j
The defendant not having entered his appear
anee, and given security according so the al
ct assembly and the rules OF this courts and it
appearing 10 the satisfaction Of the court, that
he is NOT an inhabitant of ,his stare: Therefore,
on the motion ofthe said plaintiff by his attor-
neg, II is ordered ard dsc,eed by the court, that
the said defendant do appear here on the second
Monday in March next and answer the plain.
iii bill; and that copy Of this order be forth
with inserted in some of the newspapers print
ed in the city of Richmond for eight weeks sue
eessively, and published at the front door Of the
courthouse Of this county on some court day.
Copy,
joins POINDEXTER C. L.c.
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
FOR SRLE.


an Wednesday the 26,h day of February
~ next (being court day for the county of
Hsnover) at the courthouse of that County, a
TRACT OF LAND, heretofore under mort.
gage to Christopher Tompkrns and Others, and
by him purchased under decree of the honora
Bic superior court OF chansery, by law dire6ed to
be holden at the capitol in the city ofRichn ond
subject TO the dover of Nancy gfras, who was
the widow OF Richard Littlepage, on i fo,eclo-
cure of the mortgage from whom, the same was
decreed TO be sold in and by the same decree.
Four bundled and sixty.four acres are the es
,inlated content of the said land 1t afforded
residence for the saii Richard Liitlepaee and his
family at the time of his death, and among other
advantages was the seat Of well accustomed
gtist MILL now decayed for want of repairs, tho
rhe dam may be repaired al a smalk expense but
as purchasers or those incining TO be such, will
probably view the premises. description al
greater length is purposely avoided.
The iucumbrance arising from The dover ofthe
said Nancy Burras is not ct removed; bur with
that incumbrance only, good title will be con.
veyed to the purchaser in fee.
The sale will be made on credit, the purchaser
giving bonds for the purchase money, at three in-
stalments. to wit: bond for one third thereof,
payable the FIRST day of May next one for ano
ther third, payable on. the first day of January,
1907 and one for the balance, payable on the
SAME day in 1863; all with security, to be then
approved, by
CHRISTOPHER 2O3zPKIES.
King WIN 3Oth Dec 1905. 3w'
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
Nine Alon:5's Credii With GOod Seenrity.
--
TO PRINTERS.

Printing MafcriGts for SAFE.
7 ONG PRIMER, Plea, English. Doub'c Pie
Il ca, Two. Lines English, French Csnon, -Four
Lines Plea, Five-Lnes Plea, sevcr.Lines Plea,
Nine-Lines Plea, Thrseen-Lines Plea, Sixteen
Lines Plea, Nineteen Lines Plea, Quotations,
Fooscap and Deny Chases. and Cases.
PROSSER & MONcURk, V. NJ,
Richmond, Nov. Esd, 1905. (lo&f3ml
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
w. Wardlaw,
HAS RECEIVED MS TALL SUPPLY OF
MEDICINES.

I'M NESLI NED ITS TNLE SUPPLY OF
MEDICINES,
DY the ship Rola. from London.--AIso.
40 great variety of PAIf7S. FURNISHES,
SURG EONS' INSTRUMENTS, PA7nN7'
MEDICINES, 6Jc. t5c. And by the snip
George, from Liverpool. large supply Of
VOLS and SHOP CLASS.
Those who favor him with their orders may
depend on being supplied with every article in his
line on the most liberal terms.
The citizens of Richmond.are requested, when
they apply at his SHOP by child or servant 10
put tho name of the article wanted on paper. TO
prevent mistakes. wifi
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
To Rent.

a HOUSE at the Failing Car
( = dens. Apply TO the Editor. or 70 D.
Wilson. who will give cash for few thousand
pounds of SENECA or RAYTLE SNAKE
OIL.
Richmond, Dec. 5th, 1905. wifi
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
LAND FOR SALE.

i HE subscriber wishes tosell $50
acres of land. lying in Chesterfield county, within
fix miles of Manchester. The advantages of f,,sn
farms near large towns 70 obvious and general
~ admitted, az not 20 require particular enumc-
ration. Any Pcrfon willing 20 purshafe may fee
the land and know the terms by applying to MIR.
joan Branch, retiding in Manchester, or the lnb.
ieriber, near Buckingham contribute.
Archibald Branch.
September 4. 1905. wifi
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24

- virtue of deed of trust execut-
Az ed to the subscriber. by Jacob Maddox, of
Buckingham county, 10 secure the payment of j
debt due to James Murphy & Co therein express
ed, will certainly be SOLD, TO the highest bid.
der, on Saturday the first day of February next,
at New-Asrket, in Amherst county, before the
store door of the said James murphy Sc &c.
The Following Properly, to wit
Lucy aad her two chiIlren, Mi!iy and Nancy. or
so much thereof as wilde sufficient TO discharge
the said debt, with ie,egss, and charges.
!, John Hlgglnbotham, Trustee.
Warnln;;er. Dec. 25th, 1905. 4w
The sale Of the above property il postponed
until Saturday the 22d of February next, at
which time and place it will certainly be sold,
on the terms above mentioned; the postpone men,
Is in consequence of 'hc above not appearing in
he Virginia Argus in timc so a. 10 give the 80
days previous NOTICE required by the deed in trust
John Aggin6o.ham, trustee.
January 18Th, 1906
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24

X x Subscribers to the DEBATES
of f5e VIRGINIA CONVENTION, and to
GIBBON's HISTORY ofibe DECLINE and
FALL offbe ROMAN EMPIRE, arc ,eguestsd
to apply at s5is e'ee, where their COPIES ave Nor
reaey jer ssTpe,y. J9
Virginia Argus. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1796-1816, 1806-01-24
joins PoINDExTER c. L.c.

Coochland County Court, 10th De-
ceTber, 1905.
I0an Miehle' Plt2on or Lgjaue-
AGAINST fion IN Cbaa-
John Salmon, def. y ee,y.
THE defendant not having entered bis appear.
anoe and given security according to TIE ar
of assembly and the rules Of this court and il
appearing 10 the satisfaction of the court that
he is not an inhabitant of this stare on the no.
ton Of the plaintiff by his attorney, IL is otGr,-
ed, that the said defendant do appear here and
answer the bill Of the plsin;iF on on before Tie
third Monday in April next, and fhst a copy Of
this order be forthwith inserted for NV months
successfully IN some newspaper published in tic
city Of Richmond and that another copy be
posted at the front door of the courthouse Of
this county.
A eopy--Teste.
WILLIAM MILLER, c. s.e.