The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1806-03-04

try, the province Of Mexico contains 6, or 8
millions. The city of Mexico itfelf has 5o,-
600 inhabitants. According tn this climate
Spain has under her fceptre in Mexico and
South America not lefs than II or Is millions
of people.
Mexico or Nesv-Spain, is divided into OLD
Mexico, which contains the audiences of Cali
cia, Mexico and GUATEMALA, which are fubdi-
vided into 22 provinces: MeSv-Mesieo divided
INTO two audiences, Il pachera and Sonora and
CnIfornia on the aveR, pennfula. The civil
government of Mexico is administered by tri-
bunals, called audiences. In thefe courts, the
'iceroy Of the king of Spain preiides, who CONT
hues III Office three years. The priefts, monks
ana nuns, are faid tn confitute a fifth of the
white inhabitants. The capital of this coun.
try IS the celebrated city OF Mexico, the trade
OF which coniilts of three great branches, ex-
tending over the whole world. 1t carries on a
traffic with Europe, by La Vera Cruz lituated
on the Gulf of Mexico; with the EAT Indies
by Acapulco on the South Sea ITO miles S. w.
OF Mexico and with S. America by the fame
port.
"The Spanifh territories are parceIled into
various departments. The grand diviiions are,
the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres that of Pc
ru, which includes Chilli and that of New
Granada in the north: the capital of the firtt
being Buenos Ayres, of the fecord Lima. and
OF the third Bogota, or Santa Fs de Bogota, N.
lat. 40.
Lima was founded by Pizarro, and is fup-
poied to contain $4,000 inhabitants, fcarcelv
more than third part of the population of
Mexico.
"Buenos Ayres was founded in 1888, receiv-
ing its name from the ialubrity of the air The
population is fuppoied to be about $4,000. It
is the great reiort OF pailengers from Spain,
who thence crofs the country TO PotoG, there
being an uninterrupted poft-road, with pot-
honies, and relays of hories and carriages, a
crofs the country to Peru. Botoga is rarely
vilited by travellers, and is little known.
"Of the Other chief towns, Carthaeena con-
taps $4,000 fouls; and Potoii about the fame
number; Popayan above 10000; Quito 5o,-
600. The manufactures of Spanilh South A
merica are uncomfortable. Among the exports
are iugar, cotton, cocoa, Peruvian bark and
Vicuna wool. But the chief exports are from
the mines From the official regiiters it AID.
pears that the coinage in Spanilh America, from
the firft day of January to the lait day of De-
cember 1870, was as follows: In gold 2,47o,-
SIG, and in tilver 2s,so6,o piaiters."
We have no documents before MS, by
which we might afcertain the extent of the
commerce of Mexico, New Grenada or Peru.
The following ftatement of the trade Of Buenos
IL
al condition of tina. province but the Compare
tive commerce of the relt
We fiall be beO enabled to form correct idea of
the PROPERTY and commerce of this country by TAX
ing view OF the imports and exports. In the year
1885, there arrived thirty loaded fhips from Ca
dir, twenty-five from Barcelona, Malaga, and Alta
quez; nine from Corunna five from Santander; one
from Vigo; and one from Gjon. The value of that
part OF the cargoes which eoniaed of spanh produc-
80 70
value of the foreign manufactures, &c. which were
imported in the above fhips, amounted to II4so7s:
and FUN total of both, to 2,S5S9 paiters On the
other hand there failed from Buenes- Ayres twenty
fix ihipsfor Cadz ten for Barcelona, Malaga, and
Alicante eleven for Corunna and four for Santan-
der. Theie carried coined and uncoiped gold of the
value OF l,4257ol piafers The value of filver ex-
ported amounted nearly 1856 1904 and that of the
other productions OF province oo76 SIT piaiers
L he value OF all the exports conlequenty amounted
to 5,o5s,S82 The goods exported, coniified of
s74,593 raw ox-hides; 4s,752 horie-hides; 24,436
kins OF finer fort; 46,S 800 arroha. of melted taow
vi arrobas OF Vicunna wool zo64 arrobas of COM
mon wool and 29I arrobas Of the wool of the Qua
naco, or camel-iheeP; 1880 goofe wings; $4,000
ox-horns; 1928 cwt. of copper; 4 cwt. of tin 254t
tanned hides; 222 dozen ofmanufattured iheep -kins
2i23 cwt OF falted beef and T85 of fa;ed pork
Litf"ary Magazine fan. 1904.
Bcildes thefe veiiels and cargoes employed
in the European trade, there arrived two fhips
from the Havana, with brandy, fugar, SC. to
the amount OF 1862 piaiters; and in the
fame year IA fhips failed from Buenos Ayres
to the HAVANA, with cargocs amounting to
SOLO piaiters.-Two fhips from Lima and
GnayAqaR imported to the amount of 5o.l54
piaiters. The value of the exports to the fame
places amounted to 67,l5o piafters.-In the
lame year, 1850 negro flaves were imported in
four Spanilh, and five foreign niips.
From this concife iketch of the trade of Bu-
enos Ayres in the year 1876, which is the only
authentic account that we poHefs of the COM
merce ofany Of the Spanih pofcfons in South
America, the reader will at once perceive the
wide fcope which they lay open TO commerce,
and the artificial fhackles which are impofed
upon its exertions. He will Zee that nine wears
ago the amount of exbortI from Bucnos Ayres
alone amounted to 5,2s6,I42 piafters the pi-
after being coin of about sin value. He
will fee alto, that the whole expectation was
confined TO Spanilh bottoms alone all other
vefiels being excluded at that time from Buenos
Ayres, unlefs they went freghted with negro
llaves and hardware. We leave il to our rea-
ders therefore, to calculate what is the whole
amount ofthe exports from all the Spanih CO.
lonies of America, and what that amount
would naturally be, if the agriCuIturifts in
ltead of being ruled by a privileged clergy and
temporary Vceroy, was placed under the he