The enquirer. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1804-1815, 1805-09-06
b, Bl4RNIBAs BfDWBLL.

On this 29,h anniversary ot our nlto:'ai h,rth, NE
are conver-d. my friends ard Fcow-citizens,
n,eno.ate that event. ard unite IN mutual oongra-
tulation.
A eommeno-ation of Independence naturally leads
the mind to a view of the revolution by which it
efabihed. The Revolutionary occupied little
than iev-u wears and hall, from the battle q
frxington. Ola the oh Of April lT75, t. the fSnng
of the prov fona articles OF peace, on the 3oth ~ No
ven,her 7s9. Tut, tie revolution itler embraced
longer period, incluiiug the original d1pue between
the colonies and the mother country, which the
cauIe of the war, and the eablihnient Of federal
government, which the eontequenee of natona.
inderendence.
;:he controveriv, which feve-ed the colonies from
CYie,t Brita;n, BEGAN after the peace OF 1868 1t
cafoned by ar;ianleut's claiming right
without our content. The fra excrciGe Of that
ollnn in the memorable camp act, rsa:i under
the sufpices of Mr. Crerville IN l765. That long
nfdtated commencement Of y Gem Of revenue in,
eEred the pointed oprohtou % tie colonies, eipeci
sHv Ut Virginia, Whole ipirted reiouticns, adopted
hHy %, l765. the motion of the eloqrert P1fri
}fevry i.t example he other colonies, and led
the pIAc feniinieit the great ccnfutional quci-
ton Of Parliamentary ssxaticn For thus having th.
foundation IF revolution, their houfe of Burgees
were i;.inlved ty the royal governor.
In yire following. the general court of NIaIachu-
forts convened, approved The Virginia reolusons. and
added prorofal for a continental cupgreis. which
accordingly holden at New-York, IN Odeher If the
fame year That body, Is well as the alen,bhes of
o'f of the colonies, refo'ved and petitioned agauG
the famp a6t ALLEGATIONS formed for lulpen-
ding the importation OF Prith nsuufat Cures until it
f.,e:!;i be repeartl The ftap officers were compel
led to reign. DR. Fysqtig, then filing at London,
as colonial agent public examination at the bar
OF the houie oe commons, Periuaiivrly poiu;cd Out
1.-the probable couequences OF attempting TO enforce
tire collection OK de ilaunp duties The miniftry was
changed ard ;h- obnoxious aatute was repealed but
I,a Ia
ton, that the parliament had K Orig ought tohave
power bind The colonies in all cafes whatever" The
repeating ard decarstorv acts may be coniidered as
connected meaf'ire, the author of which was Ed
srnnd B1rie, tie foul of the Rockingham admniiira-
ton. The re'inquiihn.ent ofthe hanp dutes, altho'
matter OF Joy at The time, only pofponeinen
Of The rupture. The ground of contefl fill remained
IN execution o. the power declared fubeoent adi-
rifra;on, in 767, introduced bill laying duties, in
the colonies, upon g!ais, paper, painters colours and
tea, and continuing board of coniihoners to f,I-
perinend the collection. The principle of this new
, revenue act was controverted with grea, ability, by
the celebrated John Dickenfon in feries of impref
FIVE letters, addreird te public, the ignature
OF Pennfy i7ani1 jarner II became afubie6 of ge-
mel al dfcuEon The Representatives OF NIaG4cfuetts
adt,recd c-cu!lr letter, ,he location, to the o.
thcr colonial shehies, recommending union and con-
cert. They afterwards required reicind their
vote This fuhjea, and were diiioved for refufnf-
90 conpy with tie reqniiitiou. The Legislature Of
FTgini. remonrateG agaiail tle duties and refpon-
d." the Recommendations of MaiI4chufetts for
which tEey alio the day diilolved. TIE
other colonies generally couourred in the recommends
ed ccrcert -Reio,utions. renlou ORANGES aud aiio-
cations for Lan-irportation were again refot ted
10.
Parliament determined meafires Of coercion; but
IN 1910 repealed all the duties, except three pence
mound That retained, as ten Of parla-
mer'ary auiority. For the fame reafon, it was re-
hired here. IL was not the amount, the mode of
the tax but th. principal that as the ground oe the
revolutionary coGieii. The colonias contendcd thar
taxation and reprefrraon ought be mutual and in
frp;irsbe cc"nter,Sr;s. From the particular iuhiect
OF taxation, the pute extended general egif-
latrn. In WIS the quetion of The esiiative upre-
acy of Parliament the Colonies was d.fcuiled
between Gov. tiutchiuion and the two branches of
the General Courf of Maiiathuetis in the form Of
Speeches ANA AnfNers.
To courteraGl be effr9 OF non-in,poration agree
merits, ard nrme the.p payment nf che duty as prac-
ticl Acknowledgements of the right, the miDiry en-
Gagged the l'actnda company 30 iend the dutied
article ard vcnd it in this oouh;ry, teis oyn az
court. The policy was underaood. In lonle of tie
Ports the patro, prevcFre. the landing Of the Tea &
in others procured to be rcihirpcd without fae IN
Boitou, neither of tloie objects heiDp stainahie
was violently throyv overheard INTO the harbour hy
Apsrlons in d;fgniie Tbs outrage drew down Brh
rergeance upon The capital and whole Province Of
Nt5i2Chulttts troops were Hsuoned IN Bolton
An a4f, for blocking UP TIE Port, another for rem
6yring the Governor, III. Council and the Judiciary
niore Independent Of he people and in other reipeGs
materially changing The charter Of The Province and
other acts aud neaitr-s, enumerated in the Dec!a-
ration Of lad p ndence, adopted by the King
and Parliament.
As Judge MARSHALL, in bis hfory Of the lie of
WAsnIwcToif, jnlh ob'erves. it was expected,
tat by dressing thc!e reafures Of purhment parti-
ruary ags'na Bottom only the union between the
Colonies could ice broken but N9aEachute,s herieif
Could be divided" lei
Il indeed critical aud diilreiIiDg period. In
the language cg Dr. RAMsAY. another elegant EIao-
= Ran OF the Revolution, the la;r.ots who had hher-
n guided the !,!al, ,new wei, that If the other
Ccoaies did not iuppoT the people OF Bolton, ihey
rIuii be cruGhed ard II equally obvious that in
fncir cosrcion precedent, injurious 20 liberty, would
b eiabiilhed II WIS tnerefte, the nteref Of Bof
ton go draw in Tie other Colonies It was aifo the
irreref Of he patriots u ali tie Colonies, to bring
over tie bulk of ,he people 20 adopt fueh Efficient
resiurce, were likely exirsate the inhabitants
ri s0ou from the u'harpy fi,uation, IL vhi,h they
yyete inv1lved TO efo4 th9ie purpofes, niu,h pru-
'occ, ssveil as patr.o'iirr, neceHary. lie o.
Their Provinces were hrt r-'rC,siy Affected with thu
siate Of MsIaehu,e'ts. iiey were happy, and rad