Jenks's Portland gazette., 1802-03-22
From the Newyork Evening PoG.
E%aiYIHgatt0H.-NO VI.

IN anfwer TO the oblervations in the Ian
number il may perhaps be faid that the MefAge
meaEt nothing more than to condemn The re
cent multiplication of Federal Courts, and 70
bring them back TO their original organization /:
conhdering il as adequate to all the Purpoies
OF the Contribution TO all the ends ofjuitice
and policy.
Towards forming a right judgment On this
fubjea il may be ufsful 70 thoie who are nc. "a
miliar with the fubjea, to aate briefly what
was the former and what is the Pre(ent eazbliih
mcnt.
The former confRed Of one Supreme Curt
with fix judges, who, twice a year made the
court Of the United States, diltributed into
three circuits for the trial Of caufes arGng in the
REFLECTIVE diGrid Of each circuit; and Of fifteen
Diitrid Courts, each having Gngie Judge
The Prefant eonlifs Of one Supreme Court with
the ike number of judges, 70 Be red uced on the
Erit vacancy happening, 70 five, OF tx circuit
Courts, having Ia &c ditina Judges each, EXCEPT
ing one circuit which has only a inge circuit
Judge and Of twenty-five DiltIia Courts with
judge for each as before ln Both plans the
Supreme CourI is 10 hold two terms at The feat
OF government, and circuit Courts 70 be holden
twice year in each diRria. The material
difference 10 the two plans as il refPe6ts The CT
gans BY which they are executed IS reducible 70
the creation of IwenIy-three additional Judge
fiKteen for the fix circuit Courts, feven for
The iuPersdded dilrid cosrts, and the addition
OF The nsctHAry clerks, msrhAls, and fuboTdi
nate officers Of feven Courts. This fhews az
Gngle view that the difference of fexPence as aP
piled to the u. States IS Of trihiog confederation.
But here an enquiry naturally Prelents itielf
why was the latter plan fubttuted to The former
and more economical one The iolution /. ealy
and E4tisfaaory. The 6rl was inadequate TO
is obied, and incapable Of being carried into
eKecuti0n.-The exteat Of the United States Is
manifefly TOO large for the due attendance Of
the fix Judges in the circUit Courts. The in
Denle jJurnies they were obligd 10 perform,
keep them from Their families for feveral uccel
five months IN every year his read cred the Of
fee grievIous burdens and had a hrong ten5ea-
cy TO bAnilh or exclude mel Of the bef talents
and characters, from theie imPo. at lations.
Ii IS known 70 have been 10 light indUc=me =
with one Chief Junice, whole health was oeh
cate, To quit that Office for another attended
with lefs bodily fatigue and il is well under
food thar other important members Of the Su-
PFeme Court we prepared to reign their ktn
siions, If there had not been lome alteration Of
the kind which has ken place. II was alIo no
uncommon circnmRance for temporary inlerrup-
ions 10 the health Of particular Judges, Of
whom snly ont was attached 10 circuit, to oc
cahoa failure in The fedions of the Courts, 70
the no fmsl daaPpointnient, vsxation and lols
Of The fuiEor. Al any Tate tAe neceHity Of vil
ting, within given time, the numerous parts
Of al extenfEe circuit, unavoidsbly rendered
the lt(iilons OF each Court 70 fhort, that where
fuits were n any degree multiplied, or intricate,
there was 10 time 10 Get through The bnfnefs
with due dehberation. B-ides All this. the To-
reGant fatgues Of The Judges of the Supreme
Court, and iheiT long and frequent ablenoes
from home, prevented that continued attention
10 their ffudies, which even the mot learned
viii oonfefs 70 Be neoeA4ry for ibofe, entruRed
ia the lat tsfort, with q1eltions frequently 10.
vel, always of magnitude, affecting not only the
property Of individuals, bur The rights of foreign
nations, and the coRaiiuiion Of the county.
Tor theie reafons II became nectfa-y either
70 Tenounce the circuit Courts, or to csnaituts
them differently: the latter was preferred
The UEited States were divided into tx cir
cuIts,-wi5h a proper number Of Judges TO pre-
flje OVER each. No man Of dilcernmsnt viii
pretend that the number of GREATS is TOO great
Surely three States ironing an area of terIifo-
~ equal to that poGeIzd By fome Of the hrl
powers Of Europe, mutt afford quantity OF
buGnels fully l0hi-ient - employ three Judges
on cJFcsiI, twice year, and certainly not lels
than this viii iuf5ce for the diPach Of budnefs,
whether the number Of canles be fDaH or great.
Tie incouhdeEabls zd iitio1 made - tie nun