davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-08-04

balfions are ere6ted along the Tea ihote, on
rocks which rife above the water The fireels
are narrow bat clean and well paved two
are filled with magnificent palaces fronted with
marble. Il i fee of an Archbihop. The
cathedral is built in the gothic fsz, and paved
with white and black marble, in the treafury AZ
which is preferred a curious hexagon difh, faid
10 be Jingle emerald, found al Cefarea IN the
time Of The Crufades, v hich the Genoefa re-
cevcd as their flare Of the plumber. BeGdes
the Cathedral, it contains thirty two parith
churches, many of which are magnificent and
adoSned with fcuiptures ard pictures BY the ben
matters. The Doge's palace is large, without
decoration, except two Aatules OF John An.
drews DORA, and Andrew DORA, larger thar
life, at the entrance. The stfenal contains
arms for $4,000 men; machines, models for
bridges, the armour worn by number Of &c.
noeie women in the crufades.a fhisld containing
40 piRols, made BY Julius Csiar vaccine, for
the purPofe of aGailinating the Dodge and
fenate at one time, sc. They reckon at Genoa
SO converts of men and women, and the num-
Der of Inhabitants is eltmated at 10000.
THE B0TcHErTA,
Othefwife, 4 chain Of Mountains, itiate il
the Fate of Geno4, over which lies The great
road from Lonnbardy to Genoa. On the peak
Of the higheh mountain is a narrow PATS which
viii barely admit three men t3 20 abreait, and
this pats which is defended By 8 forts is proper
" called the Bctchetra II IS the key to &C.
noa. al
SAVONA.
Is the fscond town for grandeur and opu.
lence, ia the Rate Of Genoa. Its ftrength con
fits in caltles. but principally in a citidal Of
much Importance, fituafed between the port and
the city, upcn The height conveniently difp1Ied
to defend anu protect both the. one and THE
other.
THE RHINE.
The Alb, The psiage of which BY the ar
my Of Moreau has been officially announceds
is not river. Il IS from the mountains,
Of the Black For-a that tn chain Of noun
tains of the AIS, or Alps Of Ssabia rites IT,
felt, running ii a direaicn uearlY parallel to
The courfe of the Danube. Between Koe.
nighroun and Geifingen thtir. fummits are
nloR elevated, ara here are the, fources Of
different rivers vhFcH IN IN ogpoite direc-
tions.-f'r6n ttience they gtaS1ally dinliniih
towards tltDant6e along the Brent. They
occupy fpace'of about twelve German miles
n'leneth and three or four nbreadlh. They
are covered with woods and preienss very rural
Landscapes and dificultcommnnications They
are conheaed BY different branches with The
Black mountains with thofe of the country Of
DarnlRadt and Of Franconis.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-08-04

The following obfcrvzt ,ns on this fubjsa, mua B,
read with Plsifute by ail-PArtieuary BY The fai
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
Hamburger Summary.

L.ozuer E1e, Nov. IL.
THE Vienna Court Gazette, of The 18TH OF
November, contains a supplement extraordinary
dated the nth. which gives an official relation
of the affair in Italy, of the 3la October, fome
particulars of which appeared in our lalt mum.
Der, in a communication from Milan. Not.
withdrawing the Auarisns had every difadvan.
tage of ground, they fought with fuc b bravery
as to defeat the French on all lldes, and, had il
not been for mot precipitate retreat, the enc
my would have been completely routed. The
French left 1000 killed and wounded on the
field of battle, and 800 of their troops, with
four pieces of cannon, fell into the hands of the
victorious AuRrians.
Direa accounts from Italy report victory,
ilill more complete than that above mentioned,
to have been gained by the Auftrians on the I'd
init. when Gen. Kray drove the French as far
as the Bochetta, with the lois of 3ooe men.
The laten accounts from the armies in Ger
many near the Rhine and Neckar, bring moth
ing of importance. 1t appears, however, that
the Aultrian troops cotinue to obtain fome
advantages, and have purified the French in a
ate. aaion, from Neckergemund, as far as
Heidelberg. The French appear likewiGe to
have been forced to abandon all their petitions
in the neghborhood of Bruchfal, and in the
Duchy of Wirtemberg
In the Grifon country, the Aufirians have
been forced to give way, and crofs the Rhine
near Reichenau.
approximations being entertained in Tyrol of
the French penetrating once more into that
country from the Grfons, the brave inhabitants
have again been called upon by proclamation
of the Government, to rife with their wonted
courage and patriotfm in the defence of their
frontiers.
The Archduke's head quarters were ftill at
Donauefchngen on the 9th. The French re-
NAMED quiet on the left banks of the Rhine,
and the idea of an approaching armiaice is not
yet given up.--The Auftrans ltill continue to
occupy the petitions, which the Ruflians have
lately Quilted, on the frontiers of Switzerland.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10

Latter from Gfn. VAu RoIs, Commander IN Chr,
in The i9and, Of Malta and Goze, to the Va,
Minifer.
MALTA, OCT. 20.
wv E are blocked up by fea by four Portu-
wv guele and three Englih ihips Of the line,
two frigates, two corvettes, and two briggs ; iome
Enelilh troops, and the inhabitants beiiege us by
land. They have greatly nackened their fire ;
now and then. however, they throw bombs and
howitzers, which are chiefly directed agauft the
ihips, which they enJeavour to deltroy, but
which, by the precautions we have taken, have
not, hitherto, been injured. We have rendered
tile works of the Notifications eaiy for the fer
yice.-The General of artillery, d'Heanezel,
and Captain Bolot, have performed furPrizing
works in the arienal, in reparations and new
conitruetions.
The cefation of ficknefs has produced mott
ariking effect on the folders their ardour and
deiire to preferve Malta are at their height.
The carlton | dare allure you, is ineltimable.
M. de Nazza, the chief of the Portugueie iquad.
ron, and Alex. Ball, captain of flip, who
commands the Englifh, has lummoned me re-
pea,edly l anfwered like republican. AT
length they demanded an interview with me |:
reflected iaw on their part only mark of
weakness, defre to leduce me, and to tell US a
thoufand ablurdities about the war in Italy. l
thought that, to make this circumaance turn to
their coniufion, might content to it, receive
them in the mdf CT my itaa, in fort where
they would fee nothing, with the gate open, and
fun their ears with the acclamation Of the fol-
diers, crying Malta or death We will
rather PERTH all on the ramparts, than capitu
late p In ihort, I fucceeded to my with they
were not able to utter word of what they in
rended to fay; we overloaded them with po.
liteneis. However, to return, they were obi.
ged TO go through double line Of folders, cry
ing out, as loud as they could, and inviting them
to attempt the afault. The garrilon ofthe town
echoed their cries, the drums beating Ca ira,
and the whole without being arranged, and
through en,hufafm.
We fhuddered Oh hearing Of the difafers in
Italy. but it only excited our patrio,ilm. The
dilpolition of the people is improving here
fhall employ all my efforts to keep it up. The
fervice is extremely fatiguing but no volun'
teer has made the leaf complaint. The impor-
tanee of Malta is felt and l hope that this
place will continue to be defended with the
gIeatef courage.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
From a late London Paper.
KING OF INERTIA.

The cuffoms of the king of INERTIA, a coun,
try of Alta, are thus related by gentleman
in the Eanindia Company's civil fervice at
Surat -
/" Among the extraordinary fources of reve-
nue., coniications have comfortable ibare !;
but as all this is Insufficient for the fubGaence
of the Prince, he uiually travels from houie to
houfe, living on his vadals. and never changing
his quarters till he has confirmed every thing
eatable. 1t will of courfe be underhood that
the court of Inertia is not remarkable for
great fplendor, nor the princes table very
fumptuouily ferved. His uiual fare coniits Of
Com Ia fpecies of millet ground and boiled
into palte) piece of.roaaed meat, and fome
preHed caviar. Theie he eats with his fingers,
forks and fpoons being unknown in Inertia
At table he is frequently employed in judging
caufes, which he decides at his dilcrelion, there
being no law but his own will. He ulually
wears coarfe drefs of brown color, with a
mufket upon his fhoulder but, upon 'olemn
occafions,he puts on robe of rich gold brocade,
and hangs round his neck iilver chain. He is
diItinguihed from his fnbjeds by riding upon
an ats, perhaps the only one in Inertia. and by
wearing boots. He has no regul rtroops, but
can collect an undilciplined army of Coco men,
with no artillery. Thefe troops are drawn to.
gether by the found Of trumpet. His civil or
dinances are ifTued every Friday (which is the
market day. by one Of his fcrvants, who al
cends a tree, and with loud voice proclsms
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
MLSCELLA ANGUS ARTICLES.

PARIS, NOV. IA.
Previous to the late happy revolution, the
Jacobins had made an arrangement for putting
in execution the following meafures, had they
fncceeded.
The two Councils were to meet in, and form
Gonvention.--They were then to Decree, as
follows
iit Deeru.-Sentence of death againR two
members of the Directory. -
I'd Dey".-Buonaparte outlawed.
sd Deere. ALI the members CT the two Com
millions Of the Infpeaors of the Councils gull.
lotined.
4ih Deeree-Carreau to be Commander of
Paris, Jourdan Of one half of the fuburbs, and
Santerre of the other half.
9Th Deerer.-Porfcatio Of the reprefenta
ton. All the Ariaocrats excluded from the
Councils.
The order given by them to one another, al
parting, was-The union of the Deputies at
Toulou e, and Of the brethren able to bear arms
in the Vendee-A proteRation againa the late
aas, with an invitation to the departments TO
federalife -
They relied upon the majority of he Direc,
tory :. Cohier put them in the fecret.--Barras
having promifed to deliver up Sieyes to them
(tbey thought themfelves 20 fure of the fucceis
of their plans, that they would not even receive
Sieyes from the hands of Barras) great mum,
Der of Rullians had arrived, and were fll ar
irving from the departments.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10

FAsAross.-A new buckle for the GseW has
lately been introduced by madame Buonaparte,
which has been the lubjett of much pleafantry
in the gay PdriGan circles, where it is generally
worn. 1t is made of diamonds of the greateit
value, in triangular form, each fide about two
or three inches long two of the ends run oppo-
fife ways round the wait, and the third goes up
the breaa This buckle was given as prefent
by fome merchants in Egypt to Buonaparte,
for protecting caravan; and madame Buo
naparte calling it her E" Arab buckle" the Arab
buckle became quite the rage in Paris. All
this happened before the late revolution and
now the buckle is called the Triamvirate, the
Confuate, &c. and ferrous difpute e.ias in
the fashionable world, which of the corners re-
prefents the REFLECTIVE Confuls. 1t is moaly
agreed that Buonaparte is at the top, Sieyes on
the right, and Ducos on the left fide.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
Of Egypt.
PARIS, NOV. I


Gen. Marmont, authorized by Gen. Buona.
parte, concluded at Alexandria, on the 9th
Thermidor lat Auguf S. with Patrona bey,
the Commander of the Turkiih fqaadron, a car.
tel for the exchange of priloners. The eond-
tons are, that the prifoners ihall be exchanged
man for man, and rank for rank. The wound.
ed and furgeons hail not be coniiderred as prh.
oners of war. 1t was agreed, that all the
French prifoners detained at ConitantinoPle and
in the different places of the T'urki& Empire,
ihould be conveyed, within the term of three
mon,hs, in veG:ls, before the port OF Alexan.
dria, where at the fame period, the like number
of Turkah priioners thould be alembled, to be
exchanged for the French. 1t was farther a
greed, that whenever veilels, having French
priloners on board, ihould arrive before Alex.
andria, and ihould make known to the Com
mandant of that place, the number OF priioners
they lhould have to exchange, the French Com.
mandant fhould produce the fame number OF
Turkiih prifoners within the lpace OF "a hours,
in order that the exchange might be proceeded
on without delay.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
IN SWITZERLAND.

BERGRSZ, NOV. 5.
The RufIian corps under Gen. Rofenberg,
which had hitherto remained at Dorenbieren,
will now like wife follow the main army. part
of them is already gone, and the remainder will
march tomorrow. Numerous detachments
from the Archduke's army arrive, by way OF
Stockach, and march towards Feldkirch, to en-.
ter the petitions which the Rullians have quilted.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
TEREsPOL, OCT. II.

About eight days fince, the Imperial Ruaian
General commanding the corps in Lithuania,
coniilng of 47.ooo men, received orders, by a
COURIER from St. Petersburg. to keep himielf in
readiness, as foon as Field MARTIAL Suwarrow
ihould require it, TO break up, with the whole
of the troops under his command, to join his
army, as Prince Suwa,row might think ii ne
ceaary, either in the uiual manner or by forced
marches. The courier foon afterwards contn-
ued bis journey for the RufIian army, by wayof
Vienna, with dfpatohes for Field-marlhal Su.
warrow. Probably this corps may march
through here towards the end Of next month,
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
EdSTERN MINUTE.

The la(t letters from Sir Sidney Smith, re-
ceived in England, ptior TO Dec. I4th, 1872,
were dated the 7,d Ostober at which time
the Grand Turkiih Army, was at GAIA, pre-
pairing to pats the deierts which fsparate Egypt
from Syria.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10

the cd'A, which IS communicated to the people
by each perion upon his retsrn TO the place of
his abode. The former King was driven from
his throne and compelled to live like a wild
man for % years in the woods and caverns of
the mountains.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10

and to know ehe her there will b. winter cam
pagn we expect Suwarrow's orders whether that
corps is to proceed by forced marches, or not.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10

being under confederation. Medrs. Nicholas,
Gallatin, and Macon, fpoke againlt it-'and
MeGrs. Bayard, Otis and Dana in favor OF IL,
when the queaion was again taken by yeas and
nays, as follows :--AErmstiVs, 5i-NsgatiDe AZ.
. After feve-al obfervations as to the point OF
order in taking quetion upon the whole reio.
luton as amended, Mr.. Speaker fubmlrted the
deciion to the Houie, and it was agreed to be
taken.
Me1rs. Randolph, Smile, Eggleaon, Var
mum and Jones, then oppofed the relolution as
amended, on the ground that it would be
greater evil to eaabilh the principles of the
common Law, than to repeal the sedition Law.
The latter would expire in March i8oI-the
former would be entailed on our poiterity.
The queaon was at length taken on the
whole refolution, by yeas and nays, as follow J
affirmative, II--Megativs, 81. Adj.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
LegyAatare Of MaDaebglstts.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,.

mod JANUANY 20.
THE Maine Fire and Marine Iniurance bill
paded to be engroiied. =.
Several private bills and reports paaed vari.
Gus ltages.
JANUARY go. =
The Eighth Turnpike Corporation Bill
pai1ed to be ensroGed
A bill for regulating Weights and Meafnres,
came down from the Senate.
JANUARY ST.
The Tax Bill paGed to third reading
TIE fun to be reytlS is3,9s9 SolAars, and -
cents
A refolve eflabliihing the pay of the Membes
of the Council, Senate, and Hoale, Paiied.-
The fun Is tue dollars per dcy.]
Agresably to alignment the Houfe proceed
ed to the choice of Major General for the 9th
divifion of the Militia, when the Hon. THEO-
DORE SEDWICK Efq. was cholen.
The Houfe proceeded to re.difeuilion OF
the Bill for augmentng the Governors faary
TO the Constitutional fun of uool.-7On the
auction, /baR fbis 5W bavs third reading IL
paiIed in the negative--noes u, ayes o. Al.
ter fettling the queltion of order, it was moved
that one sboyGlnd pound, ihould be fabt'tuted IN
the room of the above FUN; this alto was mega
tived-7o to 81. The que0ion was then taKsh'
for three Na.iaad d'Aar', and negasived'
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10

49, JAN. ~.
Mr.. Rsndolph's affair was returned in the
houie, when the motion of Mr.. Smith for its
recommitment, was again dicuGed. Me0rs.
Davis, Jones, Chriaie and Nicho'fon, fPoke in
favor of it and Mears. Sewall and Otis, and
Gen. Lee againa it. The Houfe adjourned,
without taking the main queition.
JAN. sS.
Several petitions, amonsR which was one
from Mr. Johnfon, Coniul Of the United
State, at London. praying Reimbursement
| of certain e1penfes, were psefeuted, and difpo-
fed Of.
Mr.. RANDOLPH's AFFAIR.
The motion for re committing the Report Of
the Committee on this fubjeef, was returned.
MeIlrs. Harper, Edmond, Dana and Shepard
| fpoke againlt recommitting it and MeGrs.
Hartley, Williams, Gallatin, and Smith fpoke
in foyor of it. Mr.. Randolph concluded the,
debate, in explanation.
The quefion, Shall the Report be recon-
mi,ted % was put and deeidsd-yeas, 4s-.
| nays, so.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-02-10
FOREIGN articles.
By late arrivals from Hamburg.
OF Malta.
PARIS, NOV. Is.

PARIS, NOV. IS.
Letter from Gen. VAuBoIs, Commander IN Cbief
in the ifand, Of Malta and Goze, to The WSr
Minifer.
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-09-01
ST2

SIX.
TROM the conduit puriu=d by adminiara-
ton during this f.hon, and the means
that were known 70 Be IN Their power, L was
not very difficult to foEeire that this bill mutt
reach thai chair. il was not very ditdcult TO
forerse that it would fall 10 your LOT to pro
nouoce the painful words, That this Bill do
paf." Awful, inGsed, would tho(e words be
10 me, did con(ider myGelf living IN ordinary
times But, feeling As do, that we are not
liiyog in ordinary times-feeiing as l DO, that
we are living in The mot momenJous aud
ryentful period Of he wurld-feelag As I 90,
that new and better order Of things is about
70 arife, and that Ireland, il that new order Of
things, is to be highly diltinguiihed indeed,
this bill has no terro.s for me.
Sir, I did intend to have gone at Tome length
into hiaory and the iacred Predictions : but as
I purpofs, in very few months, 70 give % the
public a work, il which hall fully exprels my
opinion as TO the Wait delign Of this terreltial
creation, / fhall for the prelent confne myfelf
to fuch paGages as wllfuPPort three. petitions 1:
The frlt is, The certainty OF The iecond ad
vent Of The Mefiah; the next, the igns of the
times of his coming, and the manner OF it !;
and the lAR, that Ireland IS 70 have the glorl-
Gus prominence ct belng the brit kingdom
that viii receive him.
In chap. I'd. Of the Book Of Danisl, there IS
a NOT concile, fublime, and comprehensive oe.
fcription of the four greatelt empires that ever
were in the world, under the figure of great
Image, in the hape of man. IL is agreed BY
Sir ilaac NeRton, and every commentator Of
eminence. that the head Of gold was the Afy-
,s,o and Babylonilh Empire that lis breah
and arms Of Glver were the Medo. Perfan En-
n;re thar its belly and thighs Of brafs were
he Crecian Empire and lis legs OF non were
,be Roman Empire. But SIR Ifanc Newton
well obferves, thar bYthe legs of iron was only
meant Italy and thofe couutries which never
;-55mpofed any part Of the three fra Empires !;
md when the Romsn Empire was divided IL
~ EarRern and We1ern under two dlttlnd
Fmrcrors, in the fourth century, the Wellern
!. ..4t Il. IS. 4. 49,
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-09-01
Mr.. DOBBS's SPEECH,
ON THE COMING OF THE MESSIAH!
rPTSH PtRET1NENT.

IRISH PlhLIHAE-Nf.
The S1eesh az Mr. Francis Dobbs member Tor the bo-
roueh Of Charlemont, IN Ireland on the thIrd read
inc Of the U1ion Bill, having been inflated IN the
Iriih papers, and as their miRasement was copied
into the Star we think 1t duty 10 lay before our
readers the following enrreG copy which &c have
received from an authentic f0urce, and which We
can therefore ALERT be The real fubance OF what
thst gentleman l4id- During the hrt ten minutes
after Mr.. Dobbs began 70 ipcsk iome members tho
proper 70 laugh but afterwards the moa profound
iilence pcrvsded in the h0u.c tin the iPeech was
concluded,
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-09-01
Ulefulnefs Of BIRDS.

There Is more Importance and uf1ful obCervaton u
this fhorS sAay thaa viii frt view occur q ihs
reader 4. ihould he particularly read and reaccsA
by THE lovers WI agriculture as N contains latI
and tuEErN0ns which may Prove ot material con-
irquencc az rhc aGrcu urd inJ1ret Bghdes, Che
great dcHrutt0n "a almolt every ln-c " " the Ca
thered race, is tgbjct at iertous regret with ht.
admirers OF natu,e Especially when even lOSh Of
them as Varb'c noes OF melody 20 delight The car,
and 'hoie Whole vstTH-i ela~egs Charm the eye
are hurted som tac'r n,cciy-cenn-ucled dwellings
robbed ot their young. ANA driven irom the usa
ut allHot every Eo@a aHd vit 80
Jenks's Portland gazette. [volume] (Portland [Me.]) 1799-1802, 1800-09-01
AuRrian Army Of Relerve.

vrFNNA, JUNE is.
The duRrian army Of referve vii have three
different camps; the 6ra IN the neighborbood
OF tie Inn, near Braunau the iecoud in Up
Per a u0ria. near Wells ana the thirds Low
Ct Auitn. near Minkeudort Thoie camps
are alseldy drawn our and the magazines rea-
dY THE whole army IF reierve viii be for
med Of he diyihons aud companies Of reieTve
which are now 10 he hereditary provinces, and
complicated by recruits the divGons have al.
ready resolved orders to mar5h to their deRiua-
tion, The comitats of Hungary have explain
ed themlelves as 70 The number oe troops they
had offered 10 furnih that number will be
10000 men, Bohemia, viii he protected by
corps ct 5000 volunteers Of that country
Tbs new recruiting will continue during The
whole war, according 70 the terms Of the CAPT
suiatios.
Mr"De Switchzley has been appointed al
.in'elin, charge dafaires from the Court of
: Vienna to Petersburg, fince the recal ofcou
de Cobsnrz-l.
His Majeity the Emperor Of RnfIia has re-
sailed his AmbaAador at the court Of Naples,
the count &c Muikin.
Cd-Alpine Republic Recognized.
MILAN, JUxB -.
Buonapa,te, Frd Conful Of the French Re
public, eonGdering that the Csalpine Republic
having been acknowledged free BY the Emperor
and by the greater part Of the powers OF ku-
rope, and that it belongs to the loyalty OF the
French Republic, conformablY TO its deiire to
nut an end so the war which degaaates the
continent 10 proceed to the reorganization of
the aforefaid Republic. ds1rees;
1. There ihall be united at Milan Coniul-
ate, charged to prepare the organization OF the
Republic, and 10 ena8 the laws and regulations
relative TO the different branches OF the public
naturalization.
2. The Confulate fhall be competed Of iztY
members. n Mlni2sr eoraordiaary of TIE French
Republic fhal Prgfds.
I. The Conlulale in its fra Guing ihalI de.
cree its plan Of buGnef., and its diyifon into
leaions.
= The Coniulate [hall be required to occupy
itfelf vith all the projects Of urgent regulations,
which lhall be demanded of it by the extraoTdi-
nary commifion of the government.