Ralston Purina

Ralston Purina Companywas aSt. Louis, Missouri,–based American conglomerate with substantial holdings inanimal feed, food,pet food, consumer products, and entertainment. On December 12, 2001, itmergedwithSwissfood-giantNestlé'sFriskiesdivision to formNestlé Purina PetCare Company.
Ralston Purina (originally  Ralston-Purina) traces its roots to 1894, when founderWilliam H. Danforthestablished the animal feed companyPurina Mills. Danforth formed a partnership with George Robinson; William Andrews entered the business of feeding farm animals by founding the Robinson-Danforth Commission Company. Its predominant brand for each animal was generally referred to as "Chow"; hence "Purina Horse Chow", "PurinaDog Chow", "Purina Cat Chow", "Purina Rabbit Chow", "Purina Pig Chow", and "Purina Monkey Chow".
Later, the company began producing cereal, which received endorsement byWebster Edgerly, founder ofRalstonism, to market Ralstonbreakfast cereals. Edgerly was at the time promoting the consumption of whole-grain cereal. These cereals became so successful that the name of the enterprise was changed in 1902 to the Ralston-Purina Company.
In 1986, Ralston Purina sold Purina Mills, its US animal feed business, toBritish Petroleum. Purina Mills is now owned byLand O'Lakes. In 1994, the Ralston "human food" operations of the Ralston Purina Company were spun off into a new company calledRalcorp Holdings. In 1998, Ralston Purina spun off its international animal feed business as Agribrands, which was acquired byCargillin 2001.The animal feed businesses continue to use the Purina and Chow brands, which Purina Mills and Cargill license for use in the US and internationally, respectively.
Ralston Purina became the subject of an acquisition bid bySwiss-basedNestlé, whoseFriskiesbrand was the other leading US brand of pet food.  Nestlé S.A. and Ralston Purina announced in January 2001 a definitive merger agreement.Under the agreement, Nestlé acquired all of Ralston Purina's (NYSE: RAL) outstanding shares for US$33.50 per share in cash. The offer represented a premium of 36% over the closing price on Friday, January 12, 2001. The transaction had anenterprise valueof US$10.3 billion ($10.0 billion equity plus $1.2 billion of net debt, minus $0.9 billion of financial investments).
Several brands of pet food (e.g., "Meow Mix") had to be divested separately to meetantitrustconcerns. Purina brands are now made and marketed by a division of Nestlé (Nestlé Purina PetCare) which is still headquartered in St. Louis.
While primarily a pet-food company, Ralston Purina also made some other pet-related products, such as Tidy Cats brand and Yesterday's Newscat litter, which is made from recycled newspaper, purchased fromEdward Lowe Industriesin 1990. Also, Purina has honoured several Canadian animals every year since 1968 in their Animal Hall of Fame. The latest inductees included a police service dog which "rushed and subdued an armed robber".
In 1974, Ralston Purina purchased and further developed theKeystone ski resortin Colorado.  "Checkerboard Flats" for kids and beginners at Keystonestill bears their logo.  In 1993, Ralston Purina also bought Breckenridge ski area for an undisclosed amount, from Victoria U.S.A. Inc, a Japanese sporting goods retailer.However, both ski resorts were sold in 1997 to Vail Resorts for $331 million.
In 1977, Ralston Purina acquired Missouri Arena Corporation and theSt. Louis BluesNational Hockey Leaguefranchise.  During the company's ownership of the team, they changed the name of theSt. Louis Arenato the Checkerdome, reflecting the Ralston Purina logo.  The franchise was sold to Harry Ornest on July 27, 1983.
Ralston Purina purchased theEveready Battery Companyin 1986,owner of the Eveready and Energizer brands. The company was spun off in 2000.
Ralston Purina purchasedContinental Baking Company, makers ofWonder breadandHostess cakes, fromITTin 1984.  Ralston spun off Continental Baking Company, subsequently bought by Irving, Texas–basedInterstate Brands Corporation(IBC).
Ralston Purina opened test market pizza stores called Checkerboard Pizza in 1986. The format was similar to Domino's and Little Caesars.  They opened the stores in markets such as Moorhead, Minnesota, to test how the Midwestern market would accept the concept.  They did well, but Ralston Purina decided not to enter the pizza franchise business and closed all pilots by late 1987.
Ralston Purina also ownedJack in the Boxfast food restaurants from 1968 to 1985,along with several high-end restaurants.
Ralston Purina ownedVan Camp Sea Food Companyfrom 1963 to 1988, a tuna cannery with Chicken of the Sea as its main product.
Ralston Purina owned an animal pharmaceutical company in the 1970s and 1980s.
Protein Technologies International was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ralston Purina making soy protein products since 1958. It was purchased by DuPont in 1997 for $1.554 billion and later became Solae.
Ralston Purina's "checkerboard"trademarkwas introduced in 1902.It was inspired byWilliam Danforth's childhood memory of a family dressed in clothing made from the same bolt of checkerboard cloth.The company's headquarters was called Checkerboard Square. Danforth used the design as the visualization of a concept put forth in his bookI Dare You, in which he proposed that four key components in life ("Physical", "Mental", "Social", and "Religious") need to be in balance, and one area was not to develop at the expense of the others.In 1921, the design inspired the design of feed that was pressed in cubes, called "checkers".