Laguna Niguel, California

Laguna Niguel(/ləˈɡuːnənɪˈɡɛl/) is a city inOrange County, California, United States. The name Laguna Niguel is derived from the words "Laguna" (Spanish for "lagoon") and "Niguili" (the name of a Native American village once located nearAliso Creek).As of the2020 census, the population was 64,355. Laguna Niguel is located in theSan Joaquin Hillsin the southeastern corner of Orange County, close to thePacific Ocean, and borders the cities ofAliso Viejo,Dana Point,Laguna Beach,Laguna Hills,Mission Viejo, andSan Juan Capistrano.
Laguna Niguel has its origins in theRancho NiguelMexican land grant, which was acquired in 1959 by the Laguna Niguel Corporation to develop one of California's firstmaster-planned communities. As a predominantly residential city, Laguna Niguel serves as a bedroom community for the job centers of northern and central Orange County. Laguna Niguel has a median household income 31 percent above the Orange County averageand nearly double the U.S. average.It is known for its mild coastal climate, low crime rate,and its numerous parks and public trails.
The first recorded inhabitants of the Laguna Niguel area were theAcjachememNative Americans, who may have had a village called "Niguili" near the confluence ofAliso CreekandSulphur Creek.Aliso Creek marked the boundary between the Acjachemem andTongva people. In the 1700s, during theSpanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish missionaries established the nearbyMission San Juan Capistranoto convert the Acjachemem (called the Juañeno by the Spanish) to Christianity. The Mission lands, which included the present-day boundaries of Laguna Niguel, were divided into privateland grantsin 1821 uponMexico's independence from Spain.
In 1842, the 13,316-acre (5,389 ha)Rancho Niguelwas granted toJuan Avila; he retained ownership of the land through theMexican–American War(when California became part of the United States) until 1865, when a severe drought forced him into bankruptcy. In 1895 Lewis Moulton and Jean Pierre Daguerre bought the Rancho Niguel and other portions of the surrounding area from farmers who were struggling due to persistent drought conditions. The Moulton Company was established to oversee 19,000 acres (7,700 ha) of local land which was used, mainly for orchards and sheep ranching, well into the mid-20th century.In 1951 the land was divided between the Moulton and Daguerre families, the latter inheriting 8,056 acres (3,260 ha) in the future location of Laguna Niguel. In 1954 the Daguerres sold 7,200 acres (2,900 ha) to the Shumaker Group and 856 acres (346 ha) of oceanfront toGeorge Capron, a former Major League Baseball player who established the Capron Ranch.
The completion ofInterstate 5in 1959 enabled easy access to job centers in Los Angeles County, creating a boom in the Orange County housing market. In 1959,Cabot, Cabot & ForbesandPaine Webberpartnered to form the Laguna Niguel Corporation, which purchased the Daguerre land to develop one of California's first master planned communities. Cabot Road and Forbes Road were named in legacy after the company. The initial 7,100-acre (2,900 ha) town plan was created by Viennese architectVictor Gruenand expanded beginning in 1971 byAVCOCommunity Developers after they acquired the Laguna Niguel Corporation.The name of the city was created from "Laguna", a reference to the tidal lagoon that once formed at the mouth of Aliso Creek, and the name of the Acjachemem village Niguili that once occupied the area. As the city would be developed in stages, ranchers and farmers signed annual leases with the Laguna Niguel Corporation to use the land until the planned communities were built.
In contrast to a traditionalbedroom community, Laguna Niguel was designed so that "families should have most of their economic needs and their social and cultural interests met by facilities within the community".The plan was also notable for its emphasis on parks and open space – comprising nearly a third of the land to be developed. The Laguna Niguel Corporation went public in April 1959 and raised an initial $8.2 million from investors. In 1962 the first tracts of Monarch Bay and Niguel Terrace were completed, consisting of 565 homes.In 1960, the Moulton Niguel Water District (which today serves all of Laguna Niguel) was established by a conglomerate of ranchers, to import water from theColorado River Aqueductas the area lacked a sufficient natural water supply.In 1964, Crown Valley Parkway was completed from I-5 to the Pacific Coast Highway, facilitating transport through the growing city.By 1965 the population of Laguna Niguel reached 1,000.
The Laguna Niguel Homeowner's Association was formed in 1966 as an advisory to theOrange County Board of Supervisors(which governed the unincorporated community). In 1973Laguna Niguel Regional Parkopened to the public. TheChet Holifield Federal Building(a local landmark popularly known as the "Ziggurat"), designed byWilliam L. Pereira, was constructed forRockwell Internationalin 1971 and was meant to bring 7,000 jobs to the area.It was traded to the USGeneral Services Administrationin exchange for industrial facilities elsewhere.
In 1965 the Laguna Niguel Corporation had purchased George Capron's oceanfront property and began to develop the Niguel Shores neighborhood, known in its early days as the "Coastal Strip" and today asMonarch Beach. By the 1970s, unincorporatedDana Pointbegan expressing interest in including the Niguel Shores in a new city. In 1977 Dana Point briefly proposed incorporation with Laguna Niguel as a single city. Both cities submitted incorporation requests in December 1986, when a controversy immediately erupted over the coastal Monarch Beach community. Although Monarch Beach had been developed by the Laguna Niguel Corporation, its residents voted 61 percent in favor of joining with Dana Point.Laguna Niguel filed a lawsuit, which was ultimately turned down by a judge. Laguna Niguel was formally incorporated on December 1, 1989, without the coastal strip, as Orange County's 29th city.
The population increased quickly during the last few decades of the 20th century, from 12,237 in 1980 to 61,891 in 2000. Growth since 2000 has been slower, with an estimate of 65,806 in 2015, due to the fact that the city has been fully built out.In 1992, Alicia Parkway was completed to I-5, providing a shorter route for northbound commuters; in 1996 the73 San Joaquin Hills toll roadopened, linking Laguna Niguel to theInterstate 405inCosta Mesa. The Laguna Niguel City Hall, which had been planned as early as 1989, finally opened on October 15, 2011.
In 1994 local residents first noticed damage toretaining wallsand roads near an artificial slope on Via Estoril in the Niguel Summit community, and geologists warned that the area could be subject to a landslide. After heavy rains caused by the1997–98 Super El Niño, the hill collapsed on March 19, 1998, destroying 5 or 6 homes at the top and five condominium units at the bottom. There were no deaths as the area had been evacuated only a few hours prior to the collapse. An investigation revealed that the company responsible for development, J.M. Peters Inc., had improperly packed and graded the 275,000 tons of fill supporting the Niguel Summit homes.In addition, the project had been plagued by instability throughout its construction, and halted repeatedly "after complaints of mudslides, slope washouts, erosion and dust."TheLos Angeles Timesreported that "according to county records, the developers were warned that building on "ancient landslides" could be unsafe, but they were able to continue construction after producing their own geological report that persuaded county officials to let the project go forward."However the most recent disaster to the Niguel Summit Subdivision has been the coastal fire in 2022 which flattened 20 homes and damaged many more. This fire started after problems and circuit activity was reported on a Southern California Edison short distance electricity tower in Laguna Beach.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, thecityhas a total area of 14.9 square miles (39 km). 14.8 square miles (38 km) of it is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km) of it (0.35%) is water.
Laguna Niguel consists of mostly hilly terrain, being located within theSan Joaquin Hills. The average elevation is 400 feet (120 m); elevations range from near sea level to 936 feet (285 m) at the summit of Niguel Hill, in the southwest corner of the city.Neighboring cities areAliso ViejoandLaguna Hillsto the north,Mission ViejoandSan Juan Capistranoto the east, andLaguna BeachandDana Pointto the south. On the west, it borders the significant unincorporated acreage ofAliso and Wood Canyons Wilderness Park.
The main watercourses in Laguna Niguel areSalt Creek, which flows through the southern part of the city, andSulphur Creek, which drains much of the northern half. Sulphur Creek is a tributary ofAliso Creek, which flows through the wide and deepAliso Canyonbefore reaching the Pacific Ocean.Laguna Niguel Lake, formed by damming Sulphur Creek, is the largest body of water in the city.Although Laguna Niguel is located very close to the Pacific, it does not border it, the result of a controversy over the coastline with Dana Point in 1989 (see#History).
Like much of coastal Southern California, Laguna Niguel has pleasant weather year-round. On average, August is the hottest month and December the coolest. The highest recorded temperature was 108 °F (42 °C), which occurred in 1963, and the lowest temperature was 21 °F (−6 °C), which was recorded in 1949. Precipitation is sparse in Laguna Niguel, as only five months out of the year receive rainfall greater than one inch, with an annual average of 14.2 inches (360 mm). The highest monthly rainfall on average occurs in February and is 3.4 inches (86 mm).
Neighborhoods include Bear Brand Ranch, San Marin, El Niguel Heights and Golf Course, Ocean Ranch, Laguna Crest, Laguna Sur. Coronado Pointe,
South Peak, Crest de Ville, Niguel Coast, Palmilla, Beacon Hill, Monarch Point, and the Highlands, which offer city, canyon, and ocean views. Other neighborhoods include Rancho Niguel, Marina Hills, Concord Hill, Niguel West, Niguel Summit, Kite Hill, Rolling Hills, andSan Joaquin Hills.
Interstate 5travels along the eastern border of Laguna Niguel, forming the border withMission Viejo. I-5 has two interchanges in the city: Avery Parkway and Crown Valley Parkway.
The San Joaquin Hills Transportation Corridoris a major toll road travelling through Laguna Niguel, Laguna Hills, Aliso Viejo,Newport Beach, andIrvine, respectively. The toll road, managed by theTransportation Corridor Agenciesand maintained byCaltrans, starts as a toll road at Interstate 5, and becomes a freeway at Bison Avenue, and provides a toll alternative to the busyInterstate 405, terminating inCosta Mesaat said freeway.
In addition to the highways listed above, Alicia Parkway and Crown Valley Parkway are major north-south thoroughfares and the Street of the Golden Lantern/Moulton Parkway is a major east-west thoroughfare. Minor thoroughfares include Camino del Avion, Marina Hills Drive, Aliso Creek Road, Niguel Road, Cabot Road, La Paz Road, and Pacific Park Drive (Oso Parkway at the Laguna Hills-Laguna Niguel border).
Laguna Niguel was first listed as a city in the1970 U.S. Census.Prior to that, the area was part of unincorporated San Juan Township.
The2020 United States Censusreported that Laguna Niguel had a population of 64,239. The racial makeup of Laguna Niguel was 72.6%White, 1.9%African American,  11.3%Asian, and 15.8%HispanicorLatinoof any race.
The2010 United States Censusreported that Laguna Niguel had a population of 62,979. The population density was 4,231.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,633.6/km). The racial makeup of Laguna Niguel was 50,625 (80.4%)White(72.5% Non-Hispanic White),777 (1.2%)African American, 219 (0.3%)Native American, 5,459 (8.7%)Asian, 87 (0.1%)Pacific Islander, 3,019 (4.8%) fromother races, and 2,793 (4.4%) from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 8,761 persons (13.9%).
The Census reported that 62,731 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 248 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 24,232 households, out of which 8,085 (33.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 14,077 (58.1%) wereopposite-sex married couplesliving together, 2,271 (9.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 886 (3.7%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 994 (4.1%)unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 237 (1.0%)same-sex married couples or partnerships; 5,390 households (22.2%) were made up of individuals, and 1,790 (7.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59.  There were 17,234families(71.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.06.
The population was spread out, with 14,216 people (22.6%) under the age of 18, 4,722 people (7.5%) aged 18 to 24, 14,667 people (23.3%) aged 25 to 44, 21,177 people (33.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,197 people (13.0%) who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 42.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
There were 25,312 housing units at an average density of 1,700.5 per square mile (656.6/km), of which 17,453 (72.0%) were owner-occupied, and 6,779 (28.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%.  45,029 people (71.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 17,702 people (28.1%) lived in rental housing units.
During 2009–2013, Laguna Niguel had a median household income of $99,771, with 6.3% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
As of thecensusof 2000, there were 61,891 people, 23,217 households, and 16,785 families residing in the city.  The population density was 4,221.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,629.7/km).  There were 23,885 housing units at an average density of 1,629.0 per square mile (629.0/km).  The racial makeup of the city was 83.50%White, 1.25%African American, 0.29%Native American, 7.73%Asian, 0.12%Pacific Islander, 3.48% fromother races, and 3.62% from two or more races.HispanicorLatinoof any race were 10.38% of the population.
There were 23,217 households, out of which 38.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.2% weremarried couplesliving together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. Of all households 20.6% were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
According to the Census Bureau's 2008 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $98,072, and the median income for a family was $150,963.Males had a median income of $68,640 versus $40,487 for females. Theper capita incomefor the city was $50,980.  About 2.8% of families and 4.1% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.
The City Council consists of five members, elected from the city at-large, who serve staggered four-year terms. Annually, the City Council appoints a Mayor and a Mayor Pro Tempore from its own membership to serve a one-year term. The City Council currently consists of:
The City Hall is located at 30111 Crown Valley Parkway.
In theOrange County Board of SupervisorsLaguna Niguel is part of the 5th District and represented by Supervisor Lisa A. Bartlett.
In theCalifornia State Legislature, Laguna Niguel is inthe  37th Senate District, represented byRepublicanSteven Choi, and inthe  74th Assembly District, represented byRepublicanLaurie Davies.
In theUnited States House of Representatives, Laguna Niguel is inCalifornia's  49th congressional district, represented byDemocratMike Levin.
According to theCalifornia Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Laguna Niguel has 40,461 registered voters. Of those, 16,071 (39.72%) are registered Republicans, 11,615 (28.71%) are registered Democrats, and 10,843 (26.80%) have no political party preference/are independents.
Laguna Niguel is historically a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. In2020, however,Joe Bidenbecame the first Democratic presidential nominee to win the city since its incorporation.
As abedroom community, most residents commute outside of Laguna Niguel to central and north Orange County cities, such asIrvineandNewport Beach. Most jobs within Laguna Niguel are in theservice industry. According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,the top employers in the city are:
The city is served by theCapistrano Unified School District.
Elementary schools
Middle schools
High schools
Colleges
Private schools
Laguna Niguel is protected byOrange County Fire Authoritywith ambulance services provided byCare Ambulance Service. Police services are provided byOrange County Sheriff.Although there are no hospitals in Laguna Niguel proper, nearby hospitals include Mission Hospital, Saddleback Memorial Hospital and South Coast Medical Center.
Electricity in Laguna Niguel is provided bySouthern California EdisonandSan Diego Gas & Electric. Water is provided by the Moulton Niguel Water District, which is supplied by theMetropolitan Water District of Southern California'sColorado River Aqueductand theState Water Project. Gas is supplied bySan Diego Gas & ElectricandThe Gas Company. Waste management is provided by CR&R (Solag Disposal).
Laguna Niguel is served byInterstate 5on the northeastern border, and theState Route 73toll road which runs along the northern border.ThePacific Coast Highway(PCH) is located just outside the southern boundary of the city. Within the city, neighborhoods are connected by a network of four- to six-lane arterial roadways with timed intersections. The main thoroughfare is Crown Valley Parkway, which bisects Laguna Niguel roughly from southwest to northeast, linking the PCH inDana Pointto I-5 inMission Viejo. The other main roads are Alicia Parkway, Niguel Road, La Paz Road, and Moulton Parkway/Golden Lantern (north-south), and Aliso Creek Road, Marina Hills Drive, and Camino del Avion (east-west). Due to the hilly local geography, Laguna Niguel's streets are not arranged in a grid pattern.
TheOrange County Transportation Authority(OCTA) operates the 85, 87, 187 and 490 bus routes in Laguna Niguel. The 490 bus line provides connecting service to theMetrolink train station.
TheLaguna Niguel/Mission Viejo stationnear I-5 is served by theOrange County LineandInland Empire–Orange County LineofMetrolinkcommuter rail, providing service to points inLos Angeles,Riverside,San BernardinoandSan DiegoCounties.TheAmtrakPacific Surflinerserved Laguna Niguel from 2007 to 2012, but has since ceased to stop here. Amtrak continues to serve the nearbyIrvineandSan Juan Capistranostations.
Most major arterial roads in Laguna Niguel are marked with bike lanes. There are about 60 miles (97 km) of such lanes in the city. There are also several dedicated bikeways which link Laguna Niguel's extensive public park system (see#Parks and open space).
Laguna Niguel is known throughout Orange County for its extensive park and trail system. Over one-third of Laguna Niguel is public open space, a legacy of the original 1959 Gruen plan,and is divided between 31 city parks and 4 county parks.Laguna Niguel's major roads are designated as "scenic highways" within landscape corridors, which includes parks, decorative medians, and grade-separated recreational paths. The 227-acre (92 ha)Laguna Niguel Regional Parkis centrally located and includes an extensive trail network, ball courts andLaguna Niguel Lake, a popular fishing and boating venue.Crown Valley Park, visited by about 240,000 people per year, has the city's main public sports facilities.Aliso and Wood Canyons Wilderness Park, which borders Laguna Niguel on the west, consists of over 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) of canyons, grasslands andriparian forestsalong Aliso Creek.Aliso and Wood Canyons is part of the larger South Coast Wilderness, 22,000 acres (8,900 ha) of preserved open space in the San Joaquin Hills that also includes the largerLaguna Coast Wilderness ParkandCrystal Cove State Parkoutside the city limits. The interconnected city and regional park systems provide a significant refuge for wildlife in an area of Orange County otherwise filled with suburban sprawl.
There are about 80 miles (130 km) of non-motorized trails in Laguna Niguel for hiking, biking and horseback riding.Major hiking trails include the Aliso Summit trail, which hugs the rim of Aliso Canyon on the western edge of Laguna Niguel,and the Colinas Bluff Trail on the eastern border, overlooking San Juan Capistrano.The Laguna Ridge Trail passes throughBadlandsCounty Park, which exposes the namesake geological formations, and approaches the summit of Niguel Hill, the highest point in the city.The paved Salt Creek Trail, a popular Class I bikeway, follows Salt Creek and Niguel Road from Dana Point to Laguna Niguel Regional Park. The Aliso Creek andOso Creektrails are mostly outside Laguna Niguel, but link the city viagreenbeltsto other parts of south Orange County. The Aliso Creek Trail is also known as the "Forest to the Sea Trail", as it is planned to connect theSanta Ana Mountainsin theCleveland National Forestto the Pacific Ocean at Laguna Beach.