The Fifth Element

The Fifth Elementis a 1997 English-language Frenchscience-fictionaction filmconceived and directed byLuc Besson, and co-written by Besson andRobert Mark Kamen. It starsBruce Willis,Milla Jovovich,Gary Oldman,Ian Holm, andChris Tucker. Primarily set in the 23rd century, the film's central plot involves the survival of planet Earth, which becomes the responsibility of Korben Dallas (Willis), a taxicab driver and formerspecial forcesmajor, after a young woman (Jovovich) falls into his cab. To accomplish this, Dallas joins forces with her to recover four mystical stones essential for the defence of Earth against the impending attack of a malevolent cosmic entity.
Besson started writing the story that was developed asThe Fifth Elementwhen he was 16 years old; he was 38 when the film opened in cinemas. Besson wanted to shoot the film in France, but suitable facilities could not be found; filming took place inLondonandMauritania, instead. He hired comic artistsJean "Moebius" GiraudandJean-Claude Mézières, whose books inspired parts of the film, for production design. Costume design was byJean Paul Gaultier.
The Fifth Elementreceived mainly positive reviews, although some critics were highly negative. The film won in categories at theBritish Academy Film Awards, theCésar Awards, theCannes Film Festival, and theLumières Awards, but also received nominations at theGolden RaspberryandStinkers Bad Movie Awards.The Fifth Elementwas a strong financial success, earning more than US$263million at the box office on a $90-million budget. At the time of its release, it was the most expensive European film ever made, and it remained the highest-grossing French film at the international box office until the release ofThe Intouchablesin 2011.
In 1914, aliens known as Mondoshawans meet their contact on Earth, a priest of a secret order, at anancient Egyptiantemple. They take the only weapon capable of defeating a great evil that appears every 5000 years, promising to protect it and return it before the great evil's re-emergence. The weapon consists of the fourclassical elements, as four engraved stones, plus asarcophaguscontaining a "fifth element".
In the 23rd century,the great evil appears in deep space as a giant living fireball. It destroys an armed Earth spaceship as it heads to Earth. The Mondoshawans' current human contact on Earth, priest Vito Cornelius, informs the president of the Federated Territories of the great evil's history and the weapon that can stop it.
On their way to Earth, a Mondoshawan spacecraft carrying the weapon is ambushed and destroyed by a crew of Mangalores, alien mercenaries hired by Earth industrialist Jean-Baptiste Emanuel Zorg, who is working for the great evil. A severed hand in metal armor from the wreckage of the spacecraft is brought toNew York City. From this, the government uses biotechnology to recreate the original occupant of the sarcophagus, a humanoid woman named Leeloo, who remembers her previous life. Alarmed by the unfamiliar surroundings and high security, she escapes and jumps off a ledge, crashing into theflying taxicabof Korben Dallas, a former major in Earth'sspecial forces.
Dallas delivers Leeloo to Cornelius and his apprentice, David, who recognizes her as the fifth element. As Leeloo recuperates, she tells Cornelius that the stones were not on board the Mondoshawan ship. Simultaneously, the Mondoshawans inform Earth's government that the stones were entrusted to an alien opera singer, the diva Plavalaguna. Zorg reneges on his deal with the Mangalores for failing to obtain the stones, and kills some of them. Earth's military sends Dallas to meet Plavalaguna; a rigged radio contest provides a cover, awarding Dallas a luxury vacation aboard a flying hotel on planet Fhloston, accompanied by flamboyant talk-show host Ruby Rhod. It includes a concert by Plavalaguna, and learning that Leeloo shares his mission, Dallas lets her accompany him. Cornelius instructs David to prepare the temple, then stows away on the luxury spaceship. The Mangalore crew, pursuing the stones for themselves, also illegally board the ship.
During the concert, the Mangalores attack, and Plavalaguna is killed. Dallas extracts the stones from her body and kills the Mangalore leader, causing the others to surrender. Zorg arrives, shoots Leeloo, and activates atime bomb. He flees with a carrying case he presumes contains the stones, but returns when he discovers it is empty. As Zorg’s bomb causes the hotel’s evacuation, Dallas finds Leeloo traumatized and escapes with her, Cornelius, Rhod, and the stones in Zorg's private spaceship. Zorg deactivates his bomb, but a dying Mangalore sets off his own, destroying the hotel and killing Zorg.
As the great evil approaches Earth, the four meet David at the temple. They deploy the stones, but Leeloo, having learned of humanity's history of cruelty, has given up on life. Dallas declares his love for her and kisses her. Leeloo combines the power of the stones, emitting divine light onto the great evil and defeating it. Dallas and Leeloo are hailed as heroes, and as dignitaries wait to greet them, the two passionately embrace in a recovery chamber.
In an interview, Besson stated,The Fifth Elementwas not a "big theme movie", although the film's theme was an important one. He wanted viewers to reach the point where Leeloo states, "What's the use of saving life when you see what you do with it?" and agree with her.Jay P. Telotte, writing in the bookScience Fiction Film, credited the film with exploring the theme of political corruption.
Brian Ott and Eric Aoki writing in the feminist journalWomen's Studies in Communicationconsidered gender to be one of the film's central themes. The authors criticized the film for erasing women from the introductory scenes, noting that only two appear in the first 20 minutes: an androgynous, mostly speechless presidential aide and Leeloo, undergoing reconstruction. When females appear in the film, they are presented as passive objects, such as the sexualised flight andMcDonald'sattendants, or stripped of their femininity, such as the "butch" Major Iceborg.
Stefan Brandt, in the bookSubverting Masculinity, also said that the film "echoes stereotypical beliefs about gender" of all females in the film. He said that Leeloo left her passive role only during her fight with the Mangalores. Except for Tiny Lister's portrayal of the president, Brandt said that all males in the film were shown as unmanly as possible in various ways, such as Ruby Rhod's effeminacy, Vito Cornelius's clumsy form of speech, and General Munro's stupidity; their purpose was to make Korben's masculinity appear "god-like" by comparison.
In the bookThe Films of Luc Besson, Susan Hayward consideredThe Fifth Elementto be a classic story of a man "making his break from the tribe, proving his manhood, overthrowing the malevolent forces, and killing the chief, finally to reap the rewards of security and marriage".Korben's journey, however, is threatened not only by the Mangalores and Zorg, but also by Leeloo, who does not relent or help him until the last minute, when she accepts his declaration of love.The love story withinThe Fifth Elementwas considered one of the main narratives in the film, and it faces the same deadline as the main storyline.Hayward also considered the film to grapple withenvironmental damage, in so far as waste and pollution are visible throughout the film.Whereasscience-fiction filmsoften show a world wherein some new technology or threat either surpasses or fails humanity,The Films of Luc BessonincludedThe Fifth Elementamong the minority of science-fiction films that "hold up a mirror" and show humankind as responsible.Hayward said the film was skeptical of capitalistconsumerism, in so far as the gadgets Zorg collected in his office suggested that he had an unhealthy obsession fortechnology.The tension between technology and man is treated as a problem requiring a final resolution.
As a teenager, Besson envisioned the world ofThe Fifth Elementin an attempt to alleviate boredom. He began writing the script when he was 16, originally envisioning the story as a novel,though the film was not released in cinemas until he was 38.The original story was set in the year 2300 and was about a "nobody" named Zaltman Bleros (later renamed Korben Dallas), who wins a trip to theClub Medresort on the planet Fhloston Paradise in the Angel constellation. There, he meets Leeloo, a "sand-girl" who has the "beauty of youth" despite being over 2,000 years old.
Besson continued to work on the story for years. By 1991, when his documentary filmAtlantiswas released, he had a 400-page script. Nicolas Seydoux andPatrice LedouxfromGaumontwere the first people to take on the project. In November 1991, while seeking actors for the film, Besson metFrench comiccreatorsJean GiraudandJean-Claude Mézièresand recruited themfor the film's production design.Giraud and Mézières's comics inspired the look that Besson wanted for his futuristic New York City.
Mézières had designedThe Circles of Power(1994), which contains a character named S'Traks, who drives a flying taxicab through the congested air of the vast metropolis on the planet Rubanis. Mézières showed images of the flying taxi to Besson, who was inspired to change Korben Dallas' background from a worker in a rocket-ship factory to a taxi driver who flies his cab around a Rubanis-inspired futuristic New York City.Besson's production also hired five other artists for the project. In addition, noted fashion designerJean Paul Gaultierwas hired to create the costumes. The team spent a year creating more than 8,000 drawings.
During this time, Besson approached bothBruce WillisandMel Gibsonfor the lead role, and also consideredJulia Robertsfor Leeloo.Willis expressed interest, though he was reluctant to take on the role as the film was considered risky after his previous two films,Hudson HawkandBilly Bathgate, had been poorly received. Gibson eventually turned down the role.While the production team impressed film companies with their designs, they struggled to find one willing to take on a budget approaching nearly $100million. In December 1992, production stoppedwithout any prior warning, and the team disbanded.
Besson wrote and directed the commercially successfulLéon: The Professional(1994). During that period, he continued to work on the script forThe Fifth Element, shortening it. He reduced the film's budget to $90million before again attempting to find a studio willing to produce it.Columbia Pictures, which had a partnership inLeon, agreed to finance the film. By this time, Besson had decided to go with a lesser-known lead actor to save on production costs.Besson happened to be inBarry Josephson's office when Willis called regarding a different film. Besson asked to speak to Willis "just to say hello" and told him thatThe Fifth Elementwas finally going ahead, explaining his decision to go with a less-expensive actor. After a short silence, Willis said, "If I like the film, we can always come to an arrangement."After reading the script, Willis agreed to take on the role.
Production began in early August 1995. Besson traveled to various places for casting, including Paris, London, and Rome.He hiredGary Oldman(who had starred inLéon) for the role of Zorg, describing Oldman as "one of the top-five actors in the world".
For the character Leeloo, Besson choseMilla Jovovichfrom the 200–300 applicants he met in person.The "Divine Language" spoken by Leeloo is afictional languageof 400 words, invented by Besson. To practice, Jovovich and Besson held conversations and exchanged letters in the language.Besson was then married toMaïwenn le Besco, who played the role of the Diva Plavalaguna when filming began. He left her to take up with Jovovich during filming.Jovovich and Besson later married but divorced two years later in 1999.
Although he wanted to shoot in France, Besson was unable to find suitable facilities, so filmed in London.It was primarily filmed atPinewood Studioson seven soundstagesincluding the007 Stage.Construction of sets began in October 1995.The opera scene was filmed at theRoyal Opera House.Scenes depicted as being in Egypt were filmed inMauritania;the first shoot, a background shot of the desert, occurred there on 5 January 1996.Filming with actors began in late January, and was completed 21 weeks later.Willis finished filming on 16 May,while Oldman only commenced filming the following week;the protagonist (Korben) and antagonist (Zorg) never actually share any screen time.Despite being filmed in London,The Fifth Elementwas a French production,the costliest European film ever made at the time.
The New York designs were derived from bothmetabolist-inspired masses of modular apartments from the 1960s and the futuristic designs of architectAntonio Sant'Eliain the 1910s.Besson demanded that most of the action shots take place in broad daylight, as he was reportedly tired of the dark spaceship corridors and dimly lit planets common in science-fiction films, and wanted a brighter, "cheerfully crazy" look as opposed to a gloomy, realistic one.
Gaultier designed each of the 900 costumes worn by extras in the Fhloston Paradise scenes and checked each costume every morning.His designs, described as "intellectuallytransgressive",were said to challenge sexuality and gender norms.A single jacket he designed cost $5,000.Jovovich's costume worn from when her character was first revived was inspired by typical hospital dressing and bandages that provided minimal modesty.
The original name of the character Ruby Rhod was Loc Rhod, which appears both in the original script and in the novel adapted from the film.Hayward speculated that the name change was a play on data in the periodic table.Rubidiumis the first of theperiod 5 elements, and exactly halfway along that row is the elementrhodium. Using the first half of each element yields "Rubi Rhod".Others have speculated this name is a play on the character'sgender-bendingpersona, with a feminine first name and phallic surname.MusicianPrincewas originally cast to portray Rhod, but could not schedule filming around hisJam of the Year World Tourdates.Chris Tucker andJamie Foxxwere each considered for the role; Besson liked Foxx, but felt that Tucker's smaller body suited the character better.
Three different teams handled the three different types of special effects used.Nick Allderdirected mechanical and pyrotechnical effects,Nick Dudmanwas placed in charge of 'creature' effects, andMark Stetsonheaded the visual-effects team.Visual effects companyDigital Domainwas hired, andKaren Goulekaswas given the role of digital-effects supervisor.Alias,Autodesk Softimage, Arete, Side Effect's Prisms,RenderMan, and in-house software were used by Digital Domain to create effects.Some individual shots used a combination oflive action,scale models,computer-generated imagery, andparticle systems.The lanes of traffic in the New York City scenes were created with particle systems:
Among the scale models used for filming were the buildings representing New York City. Dozens of apartment blocks and 25 skyscrapers, some 20 feet (6.1 m) high, were constructed in1⁄24scale.It took a team of 80 workers five months to build all the models.The windows of the buildings were cited by the team as one of the most time-consuming tasks, along with details behind the windows, such as furniture, blinds,lightboxes, and tiny pieces of flat artwork.Virtual sets built within digital environments were created to enhance the use of miniatures.Motion-control camerasmoved throughout the scale sets, and the data they collected were exported to track and generate thecomputer animationand particle systems.Other techniques used included digitalmattepaintings for backgroundsand theNURBSmathematical model for certain animations, including the sequence in which Leeloo's body is reconstructed.
InThe Fifth Element, some kind of music is playing during about 90% of the film; Besson's films have been described as "intrinsically musical".Thescorewas composed byÉric Serra. He relies chiefly on the use of orchestral textures, such as theoboeand strings heard as the surgeons prepare to regenerate Leeloo, and thepizzicatoas she is reconstructed. Serra also used many non-French influences, such as theStalinistfanfare heard before the spaceport sequence, thereggaepiece played in preparation for the flight, and thehulamusic that greets the passengers as they arrive in Fhloston.More conventional scoring techniques are present in theleitmotifthat first sounds when Professor Pacoli mentions the fifth element, the militaristic snares as the warship prepares to attack the dark planet, and theMahlerianfunereal piece heard when Leeloo learns about war.The music used for the taxicab chase scene, titled "Alech Taadi" by Algerian performerKhaled,did not appear on the film soundtrack but is available on Khaled's albumN'ssi N'ssi.
The Diva Dance opera performance used music fromGaetano Donizetti'sLucia di Lammermoor: "Il dolce suono",themad sceneof Act III, Scene 2. It is one of the few pieces of music in the film that isdiegetic.It was sung by AlbaniansopranoInva Mula.The role of Plavalaguna was played by French actressMaïwenn Le Besco.Part One (titled "Lucia di Lammermoor") and Part Two (titled "The Diva Dance") of this piece are included as separate tracks onThe Fifth Elementsoundtrack, but are sequenced to create the effect of the entire performance seen in the film. The end of Part One blends into the beginning of Part Two, creating a smooth transition between the two tracks.
Released as an album underVirgin Records, the soundtrack peaked at number 99 on theBillboard200and number 44 inCanada.More than 200,000 copies of the lengthy soundtrack were sold in France alone.Rodney Batdorf ofAllMusicgave the album three out of five stars, stating it was "diverse and accomplished, and it is just as effective outside of the film as it is within it."
The film premiered on 7 May at the1997 Cannes Film Festival, where it was selected as the opening film.Gaumont built an area for the screening that was over 100,000 square feet (9,300 m). Guests were given a "Fifth Element"Swatch, which was used as their ticket for entry. The event included a futuristic ballet, a fashion show by Jean Paul Gaultier, and fireworks. Gaumont spent between $1million and $3million on the event, a record at the time.The film's North American release was handled bySony Pictures Releasingvia its Columbia Pictures label.
The film debuted atnumber one in France, grossing 55 million Francs ($10 million) in its opening week from 527 screens and 1.81 million admissions, setting a record opening for a French film and the second-biggest opening in the country afterIndependence Day.It remained at number one for seven weeks.It also opened atnumber one in the United States, grossing $17million on its opening weekend and remained there the following weekend.It was a box-office success, grossing over $263million, almost three times its budget of $90million.About 75% of the receipts forThe Fifth Elementwere from markets outside the United States,and it was the ninth-highest-grossing film of the year worldwide.It was the highest-grossing film at the box office in France,from 7.7 million admissions,a record it held for 16 years until the release ofThe Intouchablesin 2011.In Germany, the film was awarded theGoldene Leinwand, a sales certification award for selling more than three million tickets at the box office.
Critics were divided in their response toThe Fifth Element. Kevin Thomas of theLos Angeles Timesdescribed the film as an "elaborate, even campy sci-fi extravaganza, which is nearly as hard to follow as last year'sMission: Impossible." He concluded,The Fifth Elementwas "a lot warmer, more fun, and boasts some of the most sophisticated, witty production and costume design you could ever hope to see."On the American film reviewAt the Movies, bothRoger EbertandGene Siskelgave the film a "thumbs up".In his separate review for theChicago Sun-Times, Ebert gave the film three stars out of four, calling it "one of the great goofy movies" and concluding, "I would not have missed seeing this film, and I recommend it for its richness of imagery. But at 127 minutes, which seems a reasonable length, it plays long."
The film also received reviews that criticized its overblown style.Todd McCarthyofVarietywrote, "A largely misfired European attempt to make an American-style sci-fi spectacular,The Fifth Elementconsists of a hodgepodge of elements that don't comfortably coalesce."David Edelstein ofSlatesaid, "It may or may not be the worst movie ever made, but it is one of the most unhinged."Bruce Willis dismissed critical reviews of the film, believing they would have no impact on the film's success.
Chris Tucker's performance as Ruby Rhod also divided critics.He was praised in theLos Angeles TimesandTime; the latter called him "the summer's most outrageous special effect".Josh Winning ofTotal Filmsingled out Tucker's performance as the low point of the film, ranking it as number 20 on his 2011 list, "50 Performances That Ruined Movies".
The Fifth Elementholds a 71% approval rating atRotten Tomatoes, based on 68 reviews, with an average score of 6.4/10. The site's consensus reads: "Visually inventive and gleefully over the top, Luc Besson'sThe Fifth Elementis a fantastic piece of pop sci-fi that never takes itself too seriously."AtMetacritic, it has a weighted score of 52 outof 100 based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.Audiences polled byCinemaScoregave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.
Alejandro Jodorowskyand Jean Giraud sued Besson after the film was released, claimingThe Fifth Elementhad plagiarised their comicThe Incal. Giraud sued for 13.1million euros for unfair competition, 9million euros in damages and interest, and two to five percent of the net operating revenues of the film. Jodorowsky sued for 700,000 euros. The case was dismissed in 2004 on the grounds that only "tiny fragments" of the comic had been usedand Giraud had been hired by Besson to work on the film before the allegations were made.
A novel was adapted from the screenplay ofThe Fifth Element, written byTerry Bissonand published byHarperPrismin 1997.Rumors arose after the film's release that it would be followed by a sequel, tentatively titledMr. Shadow. In 2011, Besson said that he never planned a sequel and has no desire to make one.
Gaumont Multimediacommissioned developerKalisto Entertainmentto develop avideo-game adaptationofThe Fifth Elementin 1998 for thePlayStationgame console andPC.The PlayStation version generally received negative reviews,but the PC version was better received.Lauren Fielder fromGameSpotdescribed the PlayStation version as "quite possibly the worst game I've ever played".Doug Perry fromIGNwrote: "TakeTomb Raider, add in Leeloo Multipass and boring puzzles, and you've gotFifth Element."
A racing game based on the film,New York Race, was released in 2001.Eurogamergave the game 6 outof 10, concluding: "New York Raceis a fun little arcade racer, which oozes style, but it's something you'll grow tired of extremely quickly and as such remains fun only in short bursts."
The Fifth Elementwas nominated forBest Sound Editingat the70th Academy Awards,and for Best Sound Editing at the 1998Golden Reel Awards,but lost toTitanicin both cases. It won theBAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects,and theLumières Award for Best Director.It was nominated for sevenCésarawards, winning three:Best Director,Best CinematographyandBest Production Design.It was nominated for Film of the Year at the 1997European Film Awards,as well as theHugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation,and theSatellite Award for Best Visual Effects.Thierry Arbogastwas awarded theTechnical Grand Prizeat the 1997 Cannes Film Festival for his work on bothThe Fifth ElementandShe's So Lovely.The film received fourSaturn Awardnominations:Best Science Fiction Film,Best Costume,Best Special Effects,andBest Supporting Actressfor Milla Jovovich.Jovovich's fight against the Mangalores was nominated for theMTV Movie Award for Best Fight,and the actress was also nominated for Best Actress – Newcomer at theBlockbuster Entertainment Awards.
Conversely, Jovovich received aGolden Raspberrynomination forWorst Supporting Actress, and Chris Tucker was nominated forWorst New Starfor his performances in bothThe Fifth ElementandMoney Talks.The film also received four nominations at the 1997Stinkers Bad Movie Awards: Worst Picture, Worst Director, Worst Supporting Actor for Tucker, and Worst Supporting Actress for Jovovich.
The original home video release ofThe Fifth Elementtook place in North America on 10 December 1997, onVHS,LaserDisc, andDVD.The original DVD presented the film in its original 2.39:1anamorphic widescreenformat, though carried no special features.The film was released in Sony'sSuperbitformat in October 2001.In his review, Conrad Jeremy fromIGNgave the picture quality of the original DVD release 9 outof 10, though awarded the Superbit version a perfect score for picture quality. Overall, the Superbit version was given 8 outof 10; the final score was brought down by the version's complete lack of special features.
An "Ultimate Edition" set of two DVDs was released on 11 January 2005.The only difference between the Superbit version and the Ultimate Edition disc one is the addition of a "fact track", which when turned on displays trivia about the film, cast, and crew as the film plays. The second disc provides various special features, focusing on visual production, special effects, fashion in the film,featurettes, and interviews with Willis, Jovovich, and Tucker, as well as featurettes on the four different alien races in the film and Diva Plavalaguna. Ian Jane ofDVD Talkpraised the Ultimate Edition for its special features.
The firstBlu-rayrelease of the film on 20 June 2006 was criticised as having poor picture quality by Blu-ray standards and for its lack of special features.In what has been called "an extremely rare move", Sony responded to complaints by making a remastered Blu-ray version available, released on 17 July 2007, and also offered a replacement exchange program for customers unhappy with the original Blu-ray release.Ben Williams from Blu-ray.com stated the remastered version "absolutely" made up for the substandard initial release, and praised its high video and audio quality; however, he criticised the continued lack of special features.
The 20th-anniversary4Kremaster was released onUltra HD Blu-rayon 11 July 2017.
The film has been described byCBS News, Rotten Tomatoes, and ComingSoon.com as a science-fictioncult classic.In 2007 theVisual Effects SocietyplacedThe Fifth Elementat number 50, tied withDarby O'Gill and the Little People,on their list of the fifty most influential visual effects films of all time.In 2014Time Outlisted the film at number 42 on their "100 best sci-fi movies" list.
Film criticMark Kermodereported thatThe Fifth Elementwas one of the most divisive films among his readers, regarded as both the best and the worst summer blockbuster of all time. Years later, Kermode recalled: "I remember very clearly being in Cannes when[The] Fifth Elementwas first played, and itreallydivided the audience."Stephen Cass ofDiscoverranked the film the third-best science-fiction film on subscription serviceHulu, writing, "People seem to either like or loatheThe Fifth Element... Lavish visuals and entertaining performances from Bruce Willis, Milla Jovovich, and Gary Oldman make this movie worth watching."In some circles, the film has gained a "so-bad-it's-good" status; Meredith Woerner ofio9listedThe Fifth Elementas one of "The 20 Best Worst Science-Fiction Movies of All Time."
Willis spoke favourably of the film in a 1999 interview, concluding: "It was a real fun movie to make."Tucker and Jovovich also spoke favourably of both their experiences making the film and working with Besson in interviews on theUltimate EditionDVD; Jovovich described Besson as "the first really amazing director I had worked with."Asked in a 2014 interview if he liked the film, Gary Oldman stated, "Oh no. I can't bear it."He had explained in 2011: "It was me singing for my supper because Luc had come in and partly financed [my film]Nil by Mouth."