تلال ماتوبو

يشكّلمنتزه ماتوبو الوطنيقلب وأساستلال ماتوبو، وهي أودية من صخورالجرانيتوغابات تبدأ من مسافة 35 كيلومتر جنوب مدينة بُلاوايو جنوبيزيمبابوي. تشكّلت هذه التلال منذ ما يزيد عن مليوني سنة، وذلك ببروز الجرانيت إلى السطح، وتشكّل القمم الصخرية الجرداء المشققة، تتناثر فيها الصخور وتتخللها الغابات. هذا وقد كان الملك الجنوب أفريقي «موسيليكازي» أعطى المنطقة اسمها، والذي يعني «الرؤوس الصلعاء».
تغطي التلال مساحة حوالي 3000 كم ²، منها 424 كم ² للمنتزه الوطني، ويكون الباقي كلا منالأراضي المشاعةإلى حد كبير ونسبة صغيرة من المزارع التجارية.
خصص جزء من المنتزه الوطني جانبا بمساحة 100 كم ² كحديقة لصيد الطرائد، والتي تم تجهيزها بالطرائد بما في ذلكوحيد القرن الأبيض.
يمتد المنتزه على طول وديانثولي،متشالي،ماليمونهر مبوبوما.
يمثل الرعن الذي يحمل اسم غولاتي أعلى نقطة في التلال ويصل ارتفاعه إلى (1549 م) ويوجد خارج الركن الشمالي الشرقي من منتزه ماتوبو الوطني.
إداريا، يتضمن منتزه ماتوبو الوطني حديقة بحيرة ماتوبوس الترفيهية، كونه المنطقة المحيطة بهازل سايد وساندي سبرويت وبحيرة ماتوبوس.
يعتبر منتزه ماتوبو الوطني الأقدم في زيمبابوي، إذ أُنشئ عام1926بإيعاز منسيسل رودس، وكان اسمه حينها «منتزه رودس ماتوبوس الوطني». كانت حدود المنتزه آنذاك تمتد إلى أبعد مما هي عليه الآن جنوباً وشرقاً، إلا أن تلك المناطق اقتُطعت وضُمت إلى إحدى المستعمرات، وذلك بناءً على اتفاق تسوية بين السلطات الاستعمارية والسكان المحليين.أما الاسم الحالي «ماتوبو» فيعكس اللفظ الصحيح حسب سكان المنطقة.
رشحت تلال ماتوبو عام2003لتكون إحدىمواقع التراث العالميمن قبل منظمةاليونسكو. تتضمن المنطقة تشكيلات رائعة ونادرة من الصخور التي ترتقي فوق الحاجز الجرانيتي الذي يغطي معظم مساحة زيمبابوي.
تلال ماتوبو هو مجال عالي من التنوع النباتي، يتوفر على أكثر من 200 نوع من الأشجار المسجلة في الحديقة الوطنية، بما في ذلك شجر السنط الجبلي والكمثرى البريةوشجرالقيقب.هناك أيضا العديد من أنواعالصَبِر، والأعشاب البرية التي يفوق عدد أنواعها 100 صنف.
يتميز المنتزه الوطني في ماتوبو بتنوع واسع من الحيوانات: 175 bird, 88 mammal, 39 snake and 16 fish species.Game includeوحيد القرن الأبيض،ظبي سابل،إمبالةandنمر. The park contains the world's densest population of the latter,due to the abundance ofوبريات، which make up 50% of their diet.The game park in the west has been restocked with white and blackrhinos, the former from Kwa-Zulu Natal in the 1960s and the latter from the Zambezi Valley in the 1990s. It has been designated as an Intensive Protection Zone for the two species,as well asزرافة،حمار الزرد،نو (حيوان)andنعامة.يحتوي منتزه ماتوبو الوطني على أعلى نسبة منالنسور السوداء، وتربية أزواج هذه الطيور في جميع أنحاء العالم.
A limnological research centre has operated since 1950 at Maleme Damand researched species such as the yellow-fishBarbus mattozi.
تتألف تلال الماتوبو تماما من الجرانيت، making up the Matopos Batholith.The granite weathers into fantastic shapes, such as thebalancing rocksknown asMother and Child Kopje. Between the granite mountains, narrow valleys form. These are often swampy valleys known as dambos or vleis, due to runoff from the whaleback mountains.These valleys form the headwaters of the Maleme, Mpopoma and Mtsheleli rivers, and the source of theThuli Riveris just east of the park.
San(Bushmen) lived in the hills about 2,000 years ago, leaving a rich heritage in hundreds ofفن صخريs. There are over 3,000 registered rock art sites,with the main periods of painting being between 320 and 500 C.E.. In the many crevices and caves, clay ovens and other historic artefacts have been found,and various archaeological finds date back as far as the Pre-عصر حجري متوسط في أفريقيا، around 300,000 B.P.The following major sites have been developed for tourist access:
Bambata Caveis also a major archaeological site,located in the west of the national park, north of the game park on the Kezi-Bulawayo road. The frieze includes elephants, giraffes, warthogs, tsessebe and mongoose.
Inanke Cavehas the most extensive paintings, located in a remote cave accessible by a three-hour hike from Toghwana Dam. Along the route of the hike is anعصر حديديfurnace.
Nswatugi Cavecontains beautiful friezes of giraffes, elephants and kudu.Access is from Circular Drive, west of Maleme Dam
Pomongwe Cave, near Maleme Dam, was damaged by a preservation attempt in 1965, where linseed oil was applied to the paintings.Archaeological digs within and downslop of the cave revealed 39,032 stone tools, several hearths, with the main fire-making areas were in the centre of the cave floor. Bone fragments showed thatوبرياتformed a major part of the meat component of the diet of early human inhabitants of the cave, which also includedسلاحف بريةand larger game animals. The oldest material on the site is probably pre-عصر حجري متوسط في أفريقيا.
White Rhino Shelteris a small site near Gordon Park, on the main tarred road through the park. The frieze includes the outline of a large rhinos, which is said to have inspired the re-introduction of the species in the 1960s.
The grandeur and stillness of the hills has contributed to their hallowed reputation, especially to theShonaandNdebelepeople. Many rituals and other religious activities are performed in the hills. Before the colonial era, it was the headquarters of the spiritualist oracle, the Mlimo.
The hills were the scene of the famousindababetween white settlers andNdebeleleaders in 1896—theحرب ماتابيلي الثانية، known in Zimbabwe as the FirstChimurenga—which ended with the assassination of the Mlimo byفريدريك روسل بورنهام، the American scout, in one of the Matobo caves.Upon learning of the death of the Mlimo,سيسل رودسboldly walked alone and unarmed into this Ndebele stronghold and persuaded theimpito lay down their arms.During the indaba it was also in these hills thatبادن باول، theFounder of Scouting, first learnedغوابة, the fundamentals ofكشافة، from Burnham.Even today, a great deal of the pottery and artefacts found on cave floors and most of the clay grain bins in the hills are remnants from the 1896 rebellion era. There are other reminders too - bronze plaques dotted here and there in various hills mark the sites of armed forts or brief skirmishes.
Cecil Rhodes,ليندر ستار جيمسون، and several other leading early white settlers, including ألان ويلسون‏ and all the members of theدورية شانغانيkilled in theحرب ماتابيلي الأولى، are buried on the summit of Malindidzimu, the 'hill of the spirits' -- this is a great source of controversy in modern Zimbabwe as this is considered a sacred place by nationalists and indigenous groups.This mount is also referred to as the World’s View. (Not to be confused with theWorld's View, Nyanga).
هذا هو المعسكر الرئيسي في وسط المنتزه، وهو يحتضن مقر المنتزه. جميع أماكن الإقامة ذات ضيافة ذاتية. يوجد في المخيم ثمانية عشر نزلا وستة شاليهات، the former fully equipped and the latter with communal ablutions and without crockery or cutlery. Three of the lodges,Imbila,Black EagleandFish Eagle, have fantastic views over the Maleme Gorge. Imbila Lodge offers a higher standard of luxury with ensuite bathrooms and teak furniture.Camping and caravan sites are situated along the eastern shores of Maleme Dam.
يقع في الجنوب، يقدم هذا المخيم خدمات التخييم ومواقع القوافل.
موجود على القرص الدائري، غربسد ماليم، يقدم هذا المخيم خدمات التخييم ومواقع القوافل.
Located in the east, يقدم هذا المخيم خدمات التخييم ومواقع القوافل..
Located in the west of Lake Matopos Recreational Park, near the Hazelside Office, يقدم هذا المخيم خدمات التخييم ومواقع القوافل.
Located in the east of Lake Matopos Recreational Park, this camp offers campings and caravan sites.
Located in the north of Lake Matopos Recreational Park, this camp offers campings and caravan sites.
جمعية كشافة زيمبابويoperates a camp calledGordon Park, in the north of the Mtsheleli Valley. Gordon Park is a 115 ha lease from the Parks and Wildlife Management Authority and is maintained as far as possible close to natural conditions. In addition to camping sites for Scout Troops there is a small cottage.Theجمعية مرشدات زيمبابويmaintains a camp site at Rowallan Park, in the north of the Mtsheleli Valley.
Big Cave Camp is a privately owned camp, bordering the Matobo National Park. The Camp offers four star accommodation in seven granite under thatch lodges and separate camping facilities elsewhere on the property. Activities on offer include game drives, game walks, bird watching, tours to famous rock art galleries, as well as tours to Rhodes Grave. The Big Cave property is approximately 2,000 أكر (8.1 كـم), and is ideal for walking and birdwatching. Facilities include a natural rock pool for swimming, the "Leopards Lair" bar and dining area which incorporates a huge granite boulder into the building, as well as separate library area.
Camp Amalinda, which offers game viewing, hiking, bird watching, climbing and horse-riding.and Matobo Ingwe Lodge are commercial lodges.
By road fromبولاوايو: Take Robert Mugabe Way in the city centre; this turns into Matopos Road which continues south some 30 km to the park boundary. This is a two-lane tarred road. A single lane tarred road continues to Maleme Dam and Rest Camp. The remaining roads in the park are gravel or earth, but suitable for most vehicles. However, access to Toghwana Dam during the rainy season may require four wheel drive.
The park can also be reached fromجواندا‏: taking the Thuli-Makwe road towardsKeziand turning north on the main Kezi-Bulawayo road.
Some game can be seen throughout the park, with regular sitings of white rhino, sable antelope and impala. However, the best viewing is to be had in the 105 kmGame Park, in the west of the national park. The game park, also known as Whovi or Hove Wild Area was established with animals translocated from the border areas ofمتنزه هوانج الوطني.It has been restocked with white and blackrhinos.Other animals to be seen includeظبي سابل،زرافة،حمار الزرد،إمبالة،نو (حيوان)andنعامة. On rare occasion in the late afternoon to early evening visitors, can be lucky enough to spotنمر، with many nights being disturbed by the ruckus of baboons screaming due to leopard attacks. There are two game viewing hides.
With beautiful scenery, pleasant climate and safe environment, Matobo offers excellent hiking country. Shorter hikes and walks include:
Longer hikes include:
Accompanied hikes, with an armed game scout are available from Maleme Rest Camp
سباق الركض السنوي في المنتزه على المسار المخصص للركض بطول 33 ميل.
يتم ترتيب الجياد تحت إشراف من قبل موظفي متنزهات الحياة البرية.There are two routes:
يوجد العديد منالسدودفي المنتزه، ما يتيح الفرص بالاستمتاع بصيد الأسماك، خاصة سمكالبلطيوسمكالقاروس، دون الخوف من خطر التماسيح. أخذ سمك القاروس من محطة الأبحاث الخاصة بسد ماليم ووزع على سبعة من السدود الموجودة في المنتزة.رسوم دخول المنتزه تشمل رخصة الصيد.
Boating is possible on the largerdams, such as Maleme, Mtshelele, Toghwana and Lake Matopos. Privately owned boats are permitted subject to approval of the parks' officials.
A Zimbabwean cheese has been namedMatopos, after the hills.
The name of the park has been used twice in films: According to director Stéphanie Machuret, the title and landscape in her 2007 filmMatopos, about a traditional healer, were inspired by the park.The name was also used for the fictional Democratic Republic of Matobo in the filmذا إنتربريتر.