Economy of Andhra Pradesh

The economy of the Indian state ofAndhra Pradeshis primarily dependent on agriculture, which directly and indirectly employs 62% of the population.GSDP as per the first revised estimate, for the year 2023-24 is  ₹15,40,000 crore.The state is ranked 1st  in the country for the year 2021-22 in terms of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) growth at constant prices with growth rate of 11.43%.The state GSDP is expected to grow at a rate of 17% for the year 2023-24.
The state achieved overall 4th rank in SDG India Report for the year 2020-21,  with first rank in SDG-7 (affordable energy) & second rank  in Goal-14 (Life below water).
The state has been ranked the best state inease of doing businessin the country for the year 2016 by theWorld Bank.The state is undertaking the construction of large scale infrastructure projects, and since 2024, theAndhra Pradesh state governmentis also approving various new infrastructure projects.
GSDP at current prices for the year 2022-23  is estimated at ₹13,17,728 crore (Advance Estimates) against ₹11,33,837 crore  (First Revised Estimates) for the previous year. Agriculture growth rate was 36.19%, Industry 23.36%, and Services 40.45%. The State posted a record growth of 7.02% at Constant Prices (2011–12) against the country’s growth of 7%.
In 2014–15, the state ranked eighth inGSDPat current prices, which stood at₹5,200.3 billion(US$60 billion). It recorded 12.03% growth compared to previous fiscal which was₹4,641.84 billion(US$54 billion). While, at constant prices, theGSDPof the state for 2014–15 was₹2,645.21 billion(US$31 billion), compare to₹2,467.24 billion(US$29 billion) of 2013–14.
In 2012–13, theGross State Domestic Product(GSDP) of residual state ofAndhra Pradeshpost bifurcation at constant prices stood at₹2,359.3 billion(US$27 billion) and theGross State Domestic Productat current prices for the same fiscal year stood at₹4,193.91 billion(US$48 billion). The per capita income of the state increased by 62.6% from₹25,959(US$300) (2004–05) to₹42,186(US$490) (2012-13).
Theper capita incomeof Andhra Pradesh at current prices increased to ₹2,70,295 in 2023-24 against ₹2,45,582 in 2022-23, up by ₹24,713.
Theper capita incomefigure gives a better idea of the standard of living of the people. In 2019-20, the state is ranked eighteenth with ₹ 1,69,519 in terms ofGDP per capitaat current prices. It recorded a growth of 11.17% compared to previous fiscal which was ₹ 1,51,173.
Based on CAG report, as of FY 2021-22, per capita debt inclusive of off-budget debt is at ₹92,797. This is based  on budget debt of ₹3,72,503 crores,  and  off-budget debt of ₹1,18,393 crores.
Agriculture has been the main source of income and main occupation for the state with 60% of population engaged in agriculture and related activities. Rice is the majorfood cropandstaple foodof the state. Other important crops aresugarcane, cotton,mango, tobacco,Maize,pulsesetc. Four important rivers of India, theGodavari,Krishna,Penna, andTungabhadraflow through the state, providing irrigation. Recently, crops used forvegetable oilproduction such assunflowerand peanuts have gained favour. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, includingGodavari River Basin Irrigation ProjectsandNagarjuna Sagar Dam.
Andhra Pradesh was among the very few states in the country which went in for theGreen Revolutionin rice cultivation in the 1970s. Agricultural income in the state was₹54.599 billion(US$630 million) at constant prices (2012–13).
Given below is a table of 2015 national output share of select agricultural crops and allied segments in Andhra Pradesh based on 2011 prices
Aquaculturesuch as cultivatingfish,crustaceans,molluscs,Shrimpproduction etc., are the major occupations of coastal areas. Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of shrimp in the country, with 70% of the production from the state itself.The geographical location of the state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production. Cyclones may do less damage to aquaculture than to crop production. Hence, farmers are getting attracted towards this industry. It grew from₹3.46 billion(US$40 million) to₹5.61 billion(US$65 million).The Waterbase Limited is an aquaculture unit located at Nellore, it encourages scientific shrimp farming.Most exported marine exports includeVannamei shrimp.
Andhra Pradesh has made significant contributions to India's traditional Horticulture crops cultivation. Increased area and production under Horticultural crops has put Andhra Pradesh in a stronger position in terms of attracting investments fromprivate sector.
Given that area and production of fruits and vegetables have been increasing steadily, Andhra Pradesh has the potential to increase its contribution towards the economy by way of exports There is a voluntary shift in the cropping pattern, as returns from  Horticulture per unit of land are higher in comparison to Agriculture. The Horticulture is climate resilient, therefore assures higher income to farmers. Due to changing Socioeconomic profile and increasing middle class coupled with higher per capita income this sector has more potential as food habits are changing and people are becoming more health conscious.
The State has 17.48  Lakhs Ha. Under Horticulture crops with an annual production of 301.73 Lakhs metric tons.
Horticulture sector contributes approximately 16.07% to the state GVA.
AREA and PRODUCTION:In Andhra Pradesh area under Horticulture crops is 17.48 lakhs Hectors with a production of 301.73 lakh  MTs. Andhra Pradesh stands at 1st position in Chillies, Cocoa, Lime, Oil Palm, Papaya and Tomato, 2nd in Cashew, Mango and Sweet Orange in India. A.P. Ranks 1st in area and production of fruits and spices and 2nd in Micro Irrigation area coverage
Andhra Pradesh Fisheries contribute 10% of total fish and shrimp production of India. Accordingly, the government is focussed on developing this huge industry on a large scale. The convenient geographical location of this South Indian state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production in Andhra Pradesh.The Value of marine products exports from India in 1998 was Rs. 4710 Crores among which the state alone contributed products of Rs. 2000 Crores.This data in itself explains the importance of fisheries in Andhra Pradesh.
Andhra Pradesh constantly tries to increase fish seed production and stocking.For this they are using modern equipments like including the use of satellite data for forecasting movement of Fish shoals. Fishery Rights have been implemented and the government is trying to inspire the labourers to follow scientific fishing techniques that would be promote sustainable development and would be beneficial to all concerned. Issue of separate licenses for fisherman in inland waters and marine fishing crafts are in process.
By 2020, Andhra Pradesh wishes to be a major exporter and provider of highly nutritious food. The central coastal districts of the state have been concentrating on advanced methods of fish production and the farmers are getting encouraged to convert agricultural lands into fresh water fishponds to obtain better yields and also to make full use of fresh water.
Apart from fishing, Andhra Pradesh government is also inspiring to develop economically in other ways. Accordingly, the fisheries are developing as sites for recreation amidst the scenic beauty. Activities like boat riding in lakes and reservoirs, establishment of Angling clubs, ornamental fish and aquariums and construction of marine parks are upcoming for additional income.
In order to improve the productivity of the existing livestock, a massive programme of Breed Improvement through door step Artificial insemination is launched by Government of India under the scheme of NPCBB Restructuring of Breeding Operations.
Andhra Pradesh is one of the pioneer states which has taken up "Restructuring of Breeding Operations" by involving farmers organizations by establishing state level autonomous body. APLDA is formed in April 2000, to provide quality inputs and for channelizing inputs to the AI practitioners to take up doorstep AI on self-employment basis. It has taken up a gigantic task to expand AI facilities, to cover entire breedable population aiming at Productivity optimization. APLDA provides animal breeding services at farmer's doorstep, on cost recovery basis, covering total breedable population of 105.83 lakhs cattle and buffaloes belonging to 30 lakh farmers spread over 28245 revenue villages in the state. APLDA is an autonomous organization with specialized objectives.
Genesis
APLDA was registered under AP Societies Registrations Act, 1350 Fasli with registration No: 7146 of 1999 dated: 13 October 1999. The government have appointed the chairman and executive committee (EC) members vide G.O Ms No: 85, dated: 2 August 1999. As per AP Reorganization Act 2014, APLDA has been included in Tenth Schedule and the executive committee and general body resolved for division into two separate entities with the names APLDA which started functioning separately since 2 June 2014. APLDA is now extending its operations in thirteen (13) Districts of A.P. State.
Objectives
To expand Artificial Insemination to cover entire breedable population at farmer's doorstep aiming at productivity optimization through improved breeding and through a system of recycling of revenue, making it self-sustainable.
To channelize all the inputs needed to provide Artificial Insemination facility.
To regulate and ensure quality control of inputs and services rendered by the field workers.
Capacity building of personnel for effective management.
Functions
Production and procurement of quality inputs like Frozen Semen, Liquid Nitrogen, equipment and their timely supply.
Crossbreeding of cattle, up-gradation of buffaloes, maintenance and development of indigenous Germplasm in breeding tracts and assessing the breeding needs.
Maintenance of quality Artificial Insemination services.
Standardizing methodology of AI and designing of training programmes.
Generation of self employment to unemployed rural youth as Gopalamitras.
Training and positioning of the AI Technicians.
Educating the farmers on breeding activities and reproductive management.
Applying the latest technologies & presenting the benefits of advanced research programmes at the doorstep of farmers.
The domestic product of Industrial sector accounts for₹507.45 billion(US$5.9 billion).The state has also started to focus on the fields of information technology andbiotechnology. Several major heavy industries are in operation in Visakhapatnam. The state still has to make its mark in Hi-tech engineering. Automobiles and Auto components Industry, spices, mines and minerals, Textiles and apparels, IT industry, Bulk drugs andpharmaceuticals, horticulture, poultry farming are the main industries in Andhra Pradesh.
The software industry in Andhra Pradesh is conveniently spread out to different cities, namelyVisakhapatnam,Tirupatiand capital city ofVijayawada, and not clustered just in the capital, leading to so many social, economic and political problems. Most software companies in Andhra Pradesh are out of state or foreign companies which are also calledmultinational corporations. Domestic software industry in Andhra Pradesh seems to be at its beginning stages.
In May 2021 theGovernment of Andhra Pradeshreleased the Andhra Pradesh IT Electronics Policy 2021–24, aimed at creating a world-class electronics manufacturing infrastructure. In a release, Principal Secretary (Information Technology, Electronics and Communications) said that the policy is envisioned to transform Andhra Pradesh into a hub of IT and Electronics.Software companies with facilities in Andhra Pradesh, as well as country of headquarters:
TheITESandIT sectoris growing at its pace in the city of Visakhapatnam, the generated revenue from these sectors are a boon to the economy.TheITspecial economic zone and incubation center exists atRushikondaHills, of the city. There are many national and multi–national IT/ITes and banking firms such asMahindra Satyam, Pulsus Group,Wipro,Fluentgrid,Kenexa,Infotech,IBM, andSutherland. Software exports from Visakhapatnam have increased by nearly 90% each year.
The IT exports from the city for 2012 were₹1,200 crore and 16,000 people were employed. According to data released by the state IT department for the financial year 2012–13, IT industry registered IT/ITES revenues of₹1,445 crore(US$170 million), an increase of 20%, compared to the previous financial year. The same year saw an increase in employment, generated by the IT/ITeS industry, with 20000 jobs as compared to 16,000 in 2011–12 period.The Information Technology Investment Region (ITIR) project, planned by theGovernment of Andhra Pradesh, may generate employment to approximately, up to15 lakhITprofessionals and also the it can generate revenue for the economy, of up to₹3.11 crore(US$360,000).
Other IT/ITes and fintech firms include Infotech,Conduent,Cyient,Paytm,Concentrix, andFranklin TempletonatFintech Valleyin the city.Conduenthas highest employees in India, third largest outside United States and operating from NCR (Noida and Gurgaon), Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kochi and majorly fromVisakhapatnam.
Sri Venkateshwara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hubis a dedicated mobile handset and electronics manufacturing facility located at Tirupati. The hub is spread over 122 acres (49 ha) out of which Celkon is established in 20 acres (8.1 ha), Micromax in 15 acres (6.1 ha), Karbonn in 15.28 acres (6.18 ha) and Lava in 20 acres (8.1 ha) with a total investment of rupees 2000 crores.Dixon Technologies has a manufacturing unit in this hub, where they are producingSmart TVsforXiaomi.and is the hub for several software companies includingZoho Corporation,Software Technology Parks of Indiahas its regional office atTirupathito monitor local software industry.
Startup Village is anot-for-profitbusiness incubatorbased out ofKochihas set up a similar incubation facility inVisakhapatnam,Andhra Pradeshwith the nameSunrise startup village.The organisation aimed to launch 1,000 technology startups over the next ten years and start the search for the next billion-dollar Indian company.It focusses primarily on student startups and telecom innovation. It is India's first incubator that is funded jointly by the public and private sectors.
Kia Motors India-Penukonda
Isuzu Motors India-Sri City
Hero MotoCorp-Sri City
Road transport remains the primary mode of transport in the state. The state is criss-crossed by 5,293.43 km ofNational Highwaysand 15,406 km ofState Highways. TheNational Highway 16, which is a part of theGolden Quadrilateralpasses through the state from north to south and is at the centre of the road network. The National Highways are developed and maintained byNHAIwhile the state highways and other roads are maintained by the Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. The state has aroad densityof 32.82 km/km, higher than the national average of 30.45 km/km.Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporationoperates buses that form the primary mode of transport across the state. As of March 2017, there are 11,962 buses in operation.
The roadway network of the state of Andhra Pradesh covers an overall span of 91,313 miles or 146,954 km. The state public works department has the responsibility of looking after the roadway transportation system of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The road transportation network of Andhra Pradesh is made up of the following:
The development rate for car proprietorship in the state is the maximum in India and stands at 16 percent.
Andhra Pradesh has a totalbroad gaugerailway route of 3703.25 km and has nometre gaugerailway.The rail density of the state is 16.59 per 1,000 km (620 mi), compared to an all India average of 20.TheHowrah–Chennai main linewhich runs through the state is proposed to be upgraded into a high-speed rail corridor through theDiamond Quadrilateralproject of the Indian Railways.
There are three A1 and twenty three A-category railway stations in the state.Visakhapatnam railway stationhas been declared the cleanest railway station in the country.The railway station ofShimiligudawas the first highestbroad gaugerailway station in the country.Three iconic bridges that span the river Godavari - the decommissionedOld Godavari Bridge, theGodavari bridgeand the newGodavari Arch bridgeare widely regarded as architectural and engineering marvels of the state.
There are three international airports in the state at Tirupati, Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada. There are domestic airports at Kadapa, Rajamuhndry and Puttaparti. The government is planning to develop a new greenfield international airport at Bhogapuram.Two new domestic airports at Dagadarthi and Orvakallu also being planned.
Andhra Pradesh has the second longest coastline in the country and the longest coastline on the eastern coast. Vishakapatnam Port, a major port operated by the central government is the fifth busiest port in the country. Keeping in mind shift of trade towards India's eastern coast, the government is developing 14 non-major ports in the state, out of which five are operational. There is a huge scope for inland water transportation in the state through the network of river interlinking canals that are being developed. However, the current status of it is minimal. TheMinistry of Ports, Shipping and Waterwayshas received 29 new proposals from the Andhra Pradesh state government for projects in 2024, including port development, coastal berths, and fish landing centers.
The latest available statistics (as in 2001) show that there were 3003Telephone exchanges, 3140948 telephone connections, 118telegraph offices(excluding extension counters, telecom centres, and combined offices) and 78218public telephones. As at November 2020, According toTelecom Regulatory Authority of Indiait is estimated that there are 87.47 Million Wireless Subscriber Base and 1.38 Million Wireline Subscriber Base in the state with atele densityof 98.31%.According toDepartment of Telecommunicationas on 31 August 2020 The State has a share of 7.53% in All India cell phone subscribers.
APSFLis a whole owned government of andhra pradesh enterprise which provides telephone, internet and television to residents inAndhra pradesh.
The banking and finance sector of Andhra Pradesh constitute the key commercial activities that enhance the growth and stability of the state's economy. The spectrum of the sectors range from core Banking transactions like deposit and withdrawal to financial operations like retail Banking, loans and investments schemes.
The banking sector comprises a widespread network of branches and counters from where the facilities of monetary transactions are offered to the people. From commercial companies to individuals, the government recognized and private Banks of the place provide prompt, efficient and accurate services to all. Some of the important Banking institutions that dominate the fiscal structure of Andhra Pradesh are:
The finance sector of Andhra Pradesh is involved in improvement of the poor financial scenario of the rural corners of the place. The State Financial Corporation comprises a number of Finance companies that offer convenient monetary services especially to the less privileged section of the society. With diverse range of flexible deposit schemes, these financial institutions also provide wide array of fiscal services to the local people.
The co-operative financial organizations set up in both the urban as well as rural parts of the state helps in strengthening the core base of the economic infrastructure. The sole aim of all the banks and financial institutions is to promote the existing industries and improve the living standards of individuals of the place.
Collectively, the banking and finance industry of Andhra Pradesh work towards the betterment of the economic viability of the state.
The state has 19 operational special economic zones (SEZs). There are 272Industrial estatesandindustrial developmentareas in the State, covering an area of 14700 hectares. The State Government is in the process of developing Industrial Parks at different places, for specific groups of industries like Visakhapatnam Export Processing Zone.
Food parks, one each in the two regions of coastal Andhra (value added rice products, dairy, horticultural, marine etc.); and in Rayalseema region (processing of vegetables,edible oilsand export oriented industry).Agri Export Zonesfor the following produce are proposed at the places mentioned against them:
Tentative estimates reveal that the total exports from AP during the year 2003–04 were to the tune of₹15,306 crore. The share of software was 30%, and that offood productswas 20%. The value of exports during 2002–03 was₹13,614 crore and that during 2001–02 was₹12,400 crore.
Gross state domestic product(GSDP) of industries was estimated at US$137.3 billion for 2012–13.Andhra Pradeshis one of the store houses of mineral resources with large deposits ofChrysotile,micaAsbestos,barytesandlimestoneinIndia. It accounts for about 93% of total production ofBarytesinIndia.
Andhra Pradesh has varied geological formations with a rich variety of industrial minerals and building stones.Other important minerals in the state arecopper ore,manganese,mica,coalandlimestone. Minerals like coal, oil and Natural gas, barytes, Limestone, diamond, gold beach sand bauxite, ball clay fire clay, dolomite, dimensional stones etc. are still under tapped or untapped. The wide variety of minerals from the State is being traded or consumed in Power, Metals, Alloys, Cement, Chemicals, Paint, Cosmetic, Glass, Ceramics, Refractory, Refinery and manufacture of various down stream industries.
Minerals found in the state include limestone, reserves of Oil and Natural Gas, Manganese, Asbestos, Iron Ore, Ball Clay, Fire Clay, Gold Diamonds, Graphite, Dolomite, Quartz, Tungsten, Steatitic, Feldspar, Silica Sand etc. It has about one third of India'slimestonereserves and is known for large exclusive deposits of Barytes and Galaxy granite in the international market.
Mining is identified as one of the growth engines for the overall development of industry and infrastructure. TheTummalapalle Uranium minein Andhra has confirmed 49,000 tonnes of ore and there are indications that it could hold reserves totaling three times its current size. 700 million tonnes of metal grade Bauxite deposits in close proximity toVisakhapatnam Port.
The state is a pioneer nationwide inhydro electricity generation, encouraging privates sector in power generation and efficient use of its coal based thermal power stations. The state has become power surplus with excess power generation being exported to other states.
Thermal (natural gas and coal based) andrenewable powerplants totalling to 21,000 MW are installed in the state by the year 2015. Thermal power plants with total capacity of 9,155MWare situated in the state which includesSimhadri Super Thermal Power Plant(2000 MW) ofNTPC,Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station(1050 MW),Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power Station(1600 MW),Vijayawada Thermal Power Plant(1760 MW), etc. Hydel power plants are having a capacity of 1798 MW.
The state provides a budget for tourism, financially supporting various projects.The state has helped develop religious tourism via the State Tourism Department (APTDC).Some of the famous destinations areTirumala,Srisailam,Sri Kalahasti,Puttaparthi,Lepakshi, etc.Tirupathiis one of the major source of income in the tourism segment because of the abode of Sri Venkateswara (Lord Venkateshwara). The temple is one of the richest in the world in terms of donations received. Other important sources of income come from the developing tourism centres atVisakhapatnam,Vijayawada.
This can be called the 29-year era of 12 centrally nominatedchief ministers. Excluding Kasu Brahmananda Reddy term (7 years), average tenure of a chief minister was less than two years. The cumulative growth during this 30-year period for Indian economy is 311%, and for Andhra Pradesh it was 138%.
An academic study of Andhra's economic activity using official data collected by the state government of Andhra Pradesh, Govt of India and World Bank reveal the following highlights.
Since the backbone of economy ofAndhra pradeshis Agriculture, any drastic changes inMonsoonwould affect GDP of the state.
The state ofAndhra pradeshhas a total public debt created byGovernment of Andhra Pradeshwhich is equal to 3,73,140 crores as of Nov 2020 as per the CAG report.This is approximately equal to a public debt of Rs.7175 per citizen assuming a population of 5.2 crores or 52 million in year 2021.The public debt per citizen accumulated because ofUnion of Indiais approximately Rs. 32371.61 fortotal external debt of Indiaof about $570 billion for a population of 130 crores (1.3 billion) of all states and union territories in year 2021.
The economy of Andhra Pradeshbadly hit due to coronavirus. For the first quarter of current financial, only Rs 6,095 cr revenue achieved out of the expected Rs 13,425 cr. This is a big shortfall. The revenue achieved up to June 2020 is only around 45.39%, according to the officials in the Finance Department Secretariat.
Planning department (2023).Socio Economic Survey 2022-23(PDF). Retrieved8 March2023.