davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Omani cuisine

Omani cuisineis part of theKhaleeji cuisineand is influenced byArab,Pakistani cuisine,Iranian,Indian,Asian,Eastern Mediterranean, andAfrican cuisine,reflectingOman's position as a vast trading empire at the intersection of traditionalspice traderoutes.Dishes are often based onchicken,fish, andlamb, as well as the staple ofrice. Most Omani dishes tend to contain a rich mixture ofspices,herbs, andmarinades.Omani cuisine differs from other cuisines in theArabian peninsula, as it is less spicy and seldom served warm.
Pork consumption is forbidden to Muslims in Oman, in accordance withIslamic dietary laws.
Although Omani cuisine varies within different regions ofOman, most dishes across the country have a staple ofcurry, cookedmeat,rice, andvegetables. Soups are also common and are usually made fromchicken,lamb, andvegetables(e.g. smokedeggplant). The main meal is usually eaten in the middle of the day, while dinner is lighter.
Teais the national beverage, whilecoffeeis drunk for hospitality. Other popular beverages includelaban(a type of saltybuttermilk),yogurt drinks,soft drinks, and Omanikahwa (coffee).
Culture of Oman

Theculture ofOmandescribe the cultural aspects of people living inOman, which is steeped in the religion ofIslam. Oman has its own unique subsect of Islam, known asIbadhism, however other strands of Islam such asSunniandShi'aare also practised. The Islamic month of fasting,Ramadan, and other Islamic festivities are very important events in the Omani culture.
For men, the national dress is an ankle-length, collarless gown with long sleeves, called adishdasha. Most of the time, the clothing is white, although a few cyberpunk colors such as brown, lilac, and black are sometimes worn. Men wear aKummah, which is an embroidered hat.There are other accessories men can wear, for example, themuzzar(a type ofturban), theassa(a cane or stick used mainly for formal occasions), and thekhanjar.The khanjar is a ceremonial curveddaggerworn during formal occasions, often described as "an important symbol of male elegance".
The national dress for Omani women includes a dress worn overtrousers(sirwal) and a headdress (lihaf). Usually, the materials used are of very colorful, vibrant colors. Traditionally, Omani women would wear a kind of wooden platform shoe, but nowadays, most prefer to wearsandals. The cut of the clothing differs in various regions, as do color, embroidery, and materials. Women complete their outfit with goldjewelryandcosmetics, opting for either brand-name or traditionally-made items. When in public, most women in cities wear theabaya, a modest black dress or cloak worn over the clothes, and thehijab, the typical Muslim hair covering.
With a culture mainlyoriented to the sea, an important symbol in Oman is thedhow. These sailing ships have been used for centuries along theArabian Peninsula,India, andEast Africafor the purpose of trade. In fact, the earliest reported use of an Omani dhow was in the 8th century, arriving inChina. In modern-day use, the dhows operate for the purpose of trade, tourism, and fishing, and they can be seen all along Oman's coastline.
The cuisine of Oman usesspicesandmarinadesto complete a dish, which usually consists ofchicken,fish, andlamb.Unlike that of many other Asian nations, Omani cuisine is not spicy, and varies regionally. Everyday meals generally have components such asrice, a wide variety ofsoups,salad,curry, and freshvegetables. For dessert, a known Omani sweetOmanihalwais usually served. This is usually served before the consumption ofkahwa, a preparation ofcoffeewithcardamom, which is very popular and remains a symbol of hospitality.Other popular beverages includetea,laban(a kind of saltybuttermilk), yoghurt drinks, andsoft drinkslike mountain dew.
For festive occasions, special dishes are prepared, particularly for Islamic tradition. The range of dishes is very diverse, and there are certain meals only prepared duringRamadan.
Ominvest

Oman International Development and Investment Company SAOG(commonly known asOminvest) is an investment holding company based in Oman. It holds significant stakes in various Omani companies, ranging from financial services, property development, food, and the industrial sector.
Ominvest's key subsidiaries areOman Arab Bank(51 percent; the remaining owned byArab Bank) andNational Life & General Insurance Company(NLG), which contribute significantly to the company's earnings.Other investments include; finance companies National Finance Company and Oman Orix Leasing Company, food producer National Biscuit Industries, industrial companies Oman Chlorine, National Detergent Company and Modern Steel Mills, and tourism company Salalah Resorts.
Internationally, the company has stakes inDubai-based International General Insurance, National Finance House inBahrain, and Budva Beach Properties inMontenegro.
In 2015, the company merged with Oman National Investment Corp (ONIC).At the time, analysts said the combination of the two companies would create a larger investment fund and achieveeconomies of scalefor their operating subsidiaries.Gulf Baader Capital Markets also pointed to possible listings of Oman Arab Bank and NLG when market conditions are favorable.
Oman Fisheries

Oman Fisheriesis anOmani-based company in the Sultanate of Oman that harvests, processes and retails fish.It was formed in 1989 and is the largest fishing company in the Sultanate. The company is publicly traded company in Oman with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries having a 24 percent stake in the company.In 2022,Gulf Japan Food Fund(GJFF) invested USD 10 million into Oman Fisheries.
In 2011, the company announced that they would be increasing their fishing fleet with the addition of 16 new boats. This would put the number of operating vessels that they own at 20.
National Foods Limited

National Foods Limitedis a Pakistani multinationalfood productscompany founded in 1970, which started out as aspicecompany, and is based inKarachi, Pakistan.It is a major food products company in Pakistan.
National Foods was incorporated in Pakistan on 19 February  1970 as a private limited company under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 and subsequently converted into a public limited company under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 by a special resolution passed in the extraordinary general meeting held on March 30, 1988. The company is principally engaged in the manufacture and sale of convenience-based food products. The registered office of the company is situated at 12 / CL - 6, Claremont Road, Civil Lines, Karachi.
In 1988, National Foods became the certified vendor ofMcCormick,United States. In the same year, National Foods, then a Private Limited company was converted into a Public Limited company, traded on all the threestock exchangesofPakistan.
In 2013, as a company National Foods Limited (Pakistan) was listed on the Forbes List ofAsia's 200 Best Under A Billion (2013).
In 2017, National Foods Limited acquired a controlling interest in Canadian companyA1 Cash & Carryto further expand its operations across the globe. A1 Cash & Carry is a wholesale distributor of foodservice products, disposables, and sanitation/janitorial products inCanada. This company is partially owned by a Canadian-based Pakistani businessmanAmjad Pervaiz.
With a range of over 250 food products in over 10 major categories, National Foods is one of the prominent food companies in Pakistan.
The company operates factories inKarachi,NooriabadandFaisalabad
In 2024, National Foods Limited inaugurated their largest plant inFaisalabad,Pakistan. The plant signifies company's 7 billionPakistani rupeesinvested in the food sector.
Pakistani food streets

A food street is a street lined with many food stalls, restaurants, and other food shops, and typicallypedestrianized.Food streets and food parks exist in several cities inPakistan, and visiting them has become popular, with people using them as both formal and informal meeting areas.
The first food street in Pakistan wasGawalmandi Food Streetlocated in central part ofLahore.This has been followed by Melody Food Street and the food street in Blue Area inIslamabad,Burns RoadinKarachi,the food street nearGhantar GharinPeshawar,Qissa Kahwani Bazaar Food Street, Peshawarand a second food street in Lahore atAnarkali.In 2012, a new food street was inaugurated inLahorenearBadshahi MosqueandLahore Fort.  It was namedFort Road Food Street.
In Islamabad, prior to the creation of Melody Food Street, restaurants were scattered around the city.  Members of middle class society prefer them because they are less expensive than hotels or high-quality restaurants.
Shan Foods

Shan Foods (Private) Limitedis a Pakistani producer of packaged spice mixes, primarily used in South Asian dishes. The company was established in 1981 as a single-room operation by its founder,Sikander Sultan, inPakistanand quickly grew from there to becoming a major player in the packaged spice mixes industry.
Currently, the company portfolio of products is available in over 150 countries, across 5 continents. It consists of recipe mixes, plain spices, ready-to-cook sauces, cooking pastes, dessert mixes, cooking condiments, accompaniments, and instant noodles.
The company also has a research and development department that is responsible for developing new products and improving existing ones.
Shan Foods was founded in 1981, as a cottage industry operation, operating out of the home of the company's founder Sikander Sultan. He, along with his wife, started making spice mixes at their home, experimenting extensively to come up with unique offerings, which instantly picked up a loyal fan-base both, at home and with Pakistanis who had moved to the neighbouringArab countries,Europe,USAandCanada.
In July 2023, reports from the German media indicated a ban on the products exported by the company in the German market due to the alleged presence ofEthylene Oxide, a fumigant and pesticide, which is known to pose serious health hazards including cancer upon consumption and is banned from food production in Europe. The news was shared by the Pakistani politicianKhurram Shehzadon hisTwitteraccount which caused a backlash against the company by the general public in Pakistan. In response to this, Ideal Foods Traders GmBH, a German retailer of Asian food products issued a statement in which it was clarified that only specific batches of 12 products from Shan Foods were recalled from the market. After the initial unresponsiveness to the question asked by the media, the company officially rejected these claims on its Twitter account as "incorrect and misleading", claiming that its products were safe for consumption and met health and safety standards.
Fauji Foods

Fauji Foods Limited(Urdu pronunciation:[ˈfaʊ.dʒifuːdz]FOW-jee-FOODS) is a Pakistani food company which is a subsidiary ofFauji Fertilizer Company.It is based inLahore, Pakistan.
Fauji Foods is known for its dairy products and brands such asNurpur, andDostea.It is listed on thePakistan Stock Exchange.Due to accident of 26th November 2024 when Pak army attack on its own peaceful protesters causing 80% business down due to boycott of fauji products
Fauji Foods was established in 1966 as part of Noon Group by Pakistani political familyNoon family.It was listed on theKarachi Stock Exchangein 1970.The shares of the company were held by Pakistani politicianMalik Adnan Hayat Noonand Salman Hayat Noon with 48.9 percent and 25.5 percent respectively until 2015.
In 2015, Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim acquired Noon Pakistan.Before acquisition, company was in loss for two consecutive years.Later, Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim gave a loan of Rs. 3.5 billion to Fauji Foods.
In 2018, Chinese company,Yili Group, expressed its intent to buy 51 percent stake in Fauji Foods.Later, in 2019, it withdrawn its interest.
In February 2024, Fauji Foods acquired Fauji Infraavest Foods Limited and Fauji Cereals fromFauji Foundation.
Fauji Cereals was established in 1954 and began production in 1956 in ajoint venturewithQuaker Oatsof United Kingdom.Quaker Oats designed the facility of Fauji Cereals and supplying machinery fromScotland.Quaker Oats exited from Pakistan in 1962.
Initially, Fauji Cereals produced ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast cereals, includingcorn,wheat, andrice flakes.The company later expanded its product range to include cereal varieties, ready-to-cookporridges,dessertssuch as mixes,custards, and jellies, and more recently, flour and grain products. Its products include Bran Flakes, Choco Cups, Choco Rings, Choco Stars, and Frosted Flakes.
Gourmet Foods

Gourmet Foodsis Pakistani chain of food products headquartered inLahore,Pakistan. It has seven processing units across the country and over 100 stores in Lahore.
It has outlets inHafizabad,Dera Ismail Khan,Sargodha,Islamabad,Rawalpindi, many inLahore,Multan,Faisalabad,Gujranwala,Wazirabad,Chakwal,Gujrat,Layyah,Jalalpur Jattan,Sheikhupura,Sahiwal,Multan,Bahawalpur, andYazman.It also has international outlets inLondonandNew York City.
Gourmet Foods was founded by Muhammad Nawaz Chattha of a small village Kookan Wala nearHafizabaddistrict gujranwala in 1987. A small confectionery shop was opened on September 10, 1987, in Gulshan-e-Ravi, Lahore, Pakistan.
The group currently owns a 12 percent stake inSilkbankand has also invested in the magazine publishing, furnishing, and pharmaceutical sectors.
In 2018, the group ventured into the media industry and launched its news channelGNN. The channel is a re-branding of the previously existingJaag TVnetwork (formerly known as CNBC Pakistan), which Gourmet acquired in 2016 forRs.1.5 billion.
The IT Company of the Group isGicohand its head office is based in Lahore.
Unity Foods

Unity Foods Limited, formerly known asTaha Spinning Mills, is a Pakistani food company headquartered inKarachi.It is a subsidiary of Singaporean multinational company,Wilmar International.
Unity Foods produces staples (flour, rice, lentils, pulses), industrial fats and various feed ingredients forpoultryandlivestocksector.
Unity Foods was founded as Taha Spinning Mills in 1991.
In 2018, Unity Foods changed its business fromtextileto the production ofedible oiland refining.
Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Thewatermelon(Levantine Arabic:بطيخ,romanized:baṭṭīkh) has been used as apro-Palestiniansymbol inprotestsandworks of art, representing thestruggleagainst theIsraeli occupationof thePalestinian territories.It started being used as such in response to Israelisuppressionof the display of thePalestinian flag, as the watermelon has the same colors as the flag: red, green, white, and black.
Theflag of Palestine, coloured in thePan-Arab colorsof red, green, white and black, had been banned inIsraelin certain situations, leading to the locally-grown and similarly-coloured watermelon taking its place in Palestinian iconography as an alternative for decades.Following the 1967Six-Day War, Israel banned the display of the Palestinian flag and its colours in theGaza Stripand theWest Bank, with theIsraeli armyallegedly arresting anyone who displayed it.
In 1980, the IDF shut down an art gallery inRamallah. According to the exhibit organizer  the IDF explained that the rules forbade Palestinians from displaying red, green, black and white, and watermelon is an example of art that violated the Israeli army's rules.
In 1993, as part of theOslo Accords, Israel lifted the ban on the Palestinian flag.At the time,the New York Timesclaimed "young men were once arrested for carrying sliced watermelons",but Palestinian artistSliman Mansourhas cast doubt on the validity of these claims. A later editor's note to the article says "Given the ambiguity of the situation,The Timesshould either have omitted the anecdote or made it clear that the report was unconfirmed."Mansour remembers an early conversation about it, but does not recall any actual watermelon iconography being used until 2007, whenKhaled Houranicreated an image for a "Subjective Atlas of Palestine" project. Other artists who have used the watermelon include Sarah Hatahet, Sami Boukhari, Aya Mobaydeen and Beesan Arafat.
In 2023, theIsraeli Ministry of National Securitybanned the Palestinian flag in public places. In response, many Israelis displayed watermelon stickers with "This is not a Palestinian flag."
Since the outbreak of theIsrael–Hamas warin 2023, the watermelon symbol has experienced a resurgence in popularity. Individuals have been leveraging it, often using watermelon emojis (🍉) on various social media platforms to show support for Palestine.In particular, the symbol may be used to circumvent censorship andshadow banningon some platforms, avoiding more overt symbols such as Palestinian flags.
Fadi Kattan

Fadi Kattan(born 1977 or 1978) is a Palestinian chef, hotelier, and cookbook author.
Kattan was born to "one of the oldest Christian families inBethlehem", with records dating back to at least 1738.His maternal grandmother Julia Dabdoub founded the local Arab Women's Union in 1947 and spoke five languages,while his grandfather Michel Dabdoub, a doctor raised in France,would take Kattan to Paris. On the other side, his Bombay-bornfather's family were well traveled around India, Japan and Sudan. Prior to theNakba, the family had 120 dunams (100 acres) of orange groves inJaffathat were confiscated "overnight" while they were traveling in India.
Kattan attended school in Jerusalemand has siblings, including writer Karim Kattan. Because much of his extended family had lived, traveled, or marriedoutside of the West Bank, Kattan was exposed to a broad range of foods throughout his childhood.He learned to cook from his grandmother Julia and mother Micheline.Kattan completed aBachelor of Arts(BA) in Business Administration in Paris.He then pursued aMaster of Arts(MA) and studied Hotel Management at the Institut Vatel in Paris.
Upon returning to Bethlehem in 2000, Kattan worked at the InterContinental Hotel before it shut down after theSecond Intifada. He subsequently found work at his father's kitchen business.During this time, Kattan started a local culinary competition. He found general knowledge of Palestinian cuisine lacking, and wanted to challenge the general categories of Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Levantine, "which don't mean anything, to me", he said. "If you're having a meal in Northern Algeria it has nothing to do with the meal that you could have in South Turkey. And if you are having a meal in occupied Jaffa, most probably the only thing in common with Marseille is that some of the fish are the same, but it stops there."
Kattan founded a restaurant, Fawda, in Bethlehem in 2016.The restaurant featured a menu that was improvised daily based on local produce.It closed during theCOVID-19 pandemic,with plans to reopen in late 2024.Kattan has also led food tours of Bethlehemand managed the Hosh Al-Syrian guesthouse.
During the COVID-19 lockdown, Kattan started the YouTube seriesTeta's Kitchen, in which he sought recipes from various mothers and grandmothers around historic Palestine.He hosted a radio segment and podcast titledRamblings of a ChefforRadio Alhara.
In December 2022,Kattan opened a restaurant called Akub in theNotting Hillarea ofLondon.The restaurant combines British produce with Palestinian flavors.In 2023 with Elizabeth Kassis, he co-founded Kassa Boutique Hotel within Bethlehem's historic Sabagh house.
Kattan's debut cookbookBethlehem: A Celebration of Palestinian Food, comprising 60 recipes, was published on 16 May 2024 by Hardie Grant.Nourie Flayhan provided the book's illustrations.The book is split into four sections, each based on a season of the year, and is interwoven with stories of Kattan's family and Palestinian food artisans and farmers.
Kattan is an atheist and secularist."I don't see the world based on people's faiths... That's my French bit of my identity", he said.
Las Tablas, Los Santos

Las Tablas(Spanish pronunciation:[lasˈta.βlas]) is the capital of thePanamanianprovince ofLos Santos, with a population of 9,255 as of 2010.It is located a few kilometres inland from theGulf of Panamaon theAzuero Peninsula. Las Tablas is a recognised national centre of Panamanian folk:Art,music,gastronomy,architecture,cultureandliterature.Belisario Porras, the onlyPanamanian presidentto serve three terms, was from Las Tablas.
It is known for a lively yearlyCarnival, in which the city splits into two competing factions, "Calle Arriba" (Uptown, literally "Street Above") and "Calle Abajo" (Downtown / Street Below), both centred on two streets of the same name. Each faction will have a carnival queen, a parade, fireworks, music, a decorated plaza, food stands, presentations, concerts, surveys, games, contests, etc., all attempting to overpower the other faction's efforts.
According to folklore, the town takes its name, which translates as "The Boards", from planks of wood salvaged from a Spanish ship used to construct the first houses in the town.   The ship had run aground on the coast near the city's future location after fleeing Panama City before the arrival ofHenry Morgan.
Mickey srl

Mickey SRLis aParaguayanfood company. The company was registered in 1935 with the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of Paraguay by Pascual Blasco Ciano (a son of Italian immigrants) in Asunción (the capital of Paraguay).Pascual Blasco set up a small shop near downtown Asunción that was dedicated to selling fruits and handmade ice cream. Later in 1939, the company was expanded as an ice cream parlor, café, and confectionery under the Mickey brand. On November 19, 1969, MickeySRLIndustria de Productos Alimenticios was established.
In 1991, TheWalt Disney Companyfiled a trademark infringement complaint with Paraguay’s Ministry of Business and Industry, which was subsequently rejected.Disney then pursued legal action, initiating a lawsuit against the Paraguayan entity using the "Mickey" trademark. However, in 1995, a trademark tribunal ruled in favor of Mickey SRL.
Disney escalated the case to Paraguay’s highest court, arguing that the similarity between its character and the Paraguayan trademark could lead to consumer confusion. While one judge acknowledged that Paraguayans might mistake the two, the case hinged on a legal technicality. The Paraguayan Mickey trademark had been registered since at least 1956, with its ownership continuously renewed by Pascual’s descendants. Notably, Disney had not previously contested the registration.
In 1998,Paraguay’s Supreme Courtissued a final ruling, affirming that due to decades of uninterrupted use, the Paraguayan trademark holder had legally acquired the right to continue using the "Mickey" name.
Aush

Aush(/ˈɔːʃ,ˈɑːʃ/AWSH, AHSH;Persian:آش[ˈɒːʃ]), properlyromanizedasāsh, is a variety of thick soup, usually served hot. It is part ofIranian cuisineandAfghan cuisine, and is also found inAzerbaijani,Turkish,andSouth Caucasiancuisines.
The spelling of the name of this dish varies in English and can includeaush,āsh,ashe,ashe,āshe,aash, orosh. Aush means "thick soup" inIranian languages.
The noun "cook" translates to "Ashpaz" (آشپز) in Persian. The word is a combination of two Persian words of "aush" and "paz" and literally means "a person who cooks aush".Also the word "kitchen" in Persian is "Ashpazkhaneh" (آشپزخانه) literally meaning "house of cook".
This Persian dish has its roots in ancient times, with some accounts tracing it to theSasanian Empirefrom the 3rd to the 7th century AD.Aush was originally a humble peasant food that arose due to the need for sustenance in a challenging agricultural environment.
Aush plays a prominent role in Iranian celebrations and gatherings, with variations like Aush Reshteh taking center stage during Nowruz, the Persian New Year.
Aush is typically made with a variation of ingredients but may include flat wheat noodles, turmeric, vegetables (broccoli, carrots, onion, celery, spinach), legumes (chickpeas, kidney beans), herbs (dill, mint, coriander, minced cilantro), and optional meat such as ground lamb, beef or chicken.Depending on the type of aush, it could contain different types of grain, legumes (chick peas,black-eye beans,lentils), vegetables, tomato, herbs (parsley,spinach,dill,spring onionends,coriander, driedmint), yogurt,onions,oil,meat,garlic, andspices, such assalt,pepper,turmeric,saffron, etc.
Aush can be considered a full meal or a first course.Aush can often be bought in Persian stores canned,as dried mixes or frozen.
TheAfghansoup is usually made withnoodlesand different vegetables in a tomato-based broth.The Afghan version of the soup is more likely to have tomatoes or a tomato broth. It is topped withchaka(yogurt sauce), fried garlic, and dried/crushedmintleaves.
There are more than 50 types of thick soup (āsh) in Iranian cooking,ash reshtehbeing one of the more popular types; usingreshteh.Some other well known āsh includeash-e anar(pomegranate stew), ash-e-jo (barley stew),ash-e doogh(yogurt stew), ash-e sak (spinach stew), ash-e torsh (beet/pickle stew), and aush-e-shalqham (turnips stew). The Iranian variation of aush often is topped with a garnish (na’na dagh) of fried mint oil, garlic chips, and/or shallot chips.In Jewish Iranian cuisine, aush is not typically served with dairy or yogurt.
Souq Al-Mubarakiya

Souq Al-Mubarakiyais a historicsouqinKuwait City,Kuwait.It is one of the oldest souqs in Kuwait, and was a center of trade prior to the discovery of oil.
This popular traditional market is located in Kuwait City, between Abdullah Al-Mubarak, Abdullah Al-Salem & Palestine Streets. This market has been around for at least 200 years. The market was damaged during theIraqi invasionin 1990; however, it was renovated and it got back its traditional flavor.
Vendors sell goods such as Persian silk carpets, antiques, perfumes like musk and oud, gold and silver jewelry, and traditional costumes. Other goods sold at Al-Mubarakiya include dates, honey, spices, sweets, vegetables, fruits, meat, and fish. The market also hosts two small museums: Sheikh Mubarak Kiosk and the first pharmacy in Kuwait. Admission is free.
There is a courtyard near Masjid Al-Bahar (Sea Mosque) with traditional cafes that brew tea over coals, and several small restaurants serve authentic Arab and Persian food to the customers in the open air. On hot summer days, water mist is sprayed from pipes over the tables to cool visitors down. A children playground is nearby andshishais also available.
On 31 March 2022, the market was damaged by a massive fire that destroyed most of the shops.
Eyval

Eyval, or inPersianایول meaning "right on", is a restaurant inBushwick,Brooklyn, New York City servingPersian food. They are closely related to Sofreh, another Persian restaurant in Park Slope, Brooklyn with the head chef Alireza (or in short Ali) Saboor being the old head chef at Eyval. The food primarily features modern takes on Iranian street food such askashk bademjanor eggplant with strained yogurt andbastani, a Persianice cream sandwichwith saffron ice cream, vanilla wafer, pistachio, and rose. They were listed as a top 10 new restaurant back in 2022 by the New York Times and was ranked 66th in the top 100 restaurants by the New York Times in 2013 before rising up to 26th place on their top 100 list in 2014.
Peruvian pelican

ThePeruvian pelican(Pelecanus thagus) is a member of thepelicanfamily. It lives on the west coast ofSouth America, breeding in loosecoloniesfrom about33.5 degrees southin centralChiletoPiurain northernPeru, and occurring as a visitor in southern Chile andEcuador.It used to be considered a subspecies of thebrown pelican.
These birds are dark in colour with a white stripe from the top of thebillup to the crown and down the sides of the neck. They have long tuftedfeatherson the top of their heads. It was previously considered asubspeciesof thebrown pelican(Pelecanus occidentalis). The Peruvian pelican is considerably larger, ranging from about 5 to 7 kg (11–15 lb) in weight, 137 to 152 cm (4.5–5.0 ft) in length and with a wingspan of about 228 cm (7.5 ft).Compared to the brown pelican, it also has proportionally longer crest feathers, as well as differences in the colours of thegular pouch, beak,scapularsand greaterwing coverts.
The main breeding season occurs from September to March.Clutch sizeis usually two or threeeggs. Eggs areincubatedfor approximately 4 to 5 weeks, with the rearing period lasting about 3 months.
Breeding occurs in large coastal colonies.
Peruvian pelicans feed on several species offish. Unlike the brown pelican, they never dive from a great height to catch its food, instead diving from a shallow height or feeding while swimming on the surface.On occasion they may take other food items, such as nestling ofimperial shags, youngPeruvian diving petrels,gray gullsandcannibalizeunrelated chicks of their  own species.They also feed onpelagicspecies such asanchovies.In fact, those in the northernHumboldt CurrentSystem feed almost exclusively on one species, thePeruvian anchoveta.
The birds feed around cold-waterupwellings, being found along theHumboldt Current.
Its status was first evaluated for theIUCN Red Listin 2008, being listed asNear threatened.Its status was reassessed in 2018, and it was again listed as Near threatened, but with increasing population.
One factor affecting their status may be competition with fishing industries for anchovies, a primary food source for the species.
Nikkei cuisine

Nikkei cuisineis a type offusion cuisinethat combinesJapaneseandPeruvianelements. Nikkei is the word used to describe immigrants of Japanese origin in Peru.
The Japanese first began their journey through Peru in 1889.
Nikkei food is characterized by its use of the wide variety of ingredients available to Peru. In 1980, this type of food became recognized and since then has been seen as a fusion of Japanese and Peruvian ingredients. Peruvian influences include some basic ingredients such asrocoto, which gives the spicy flavor, yellow chili peppers and limes. On the other hand, the Japanese side of the fusion can be seen in the introduction of vegetable crops and especially rice in the Peruvian land. Not only did they combine products from both cultures, but the Japanese would also use Peruvian foods to make traditional dishes from their homeland. An example of this is the use ofyuccafor the preparation ofmochi, which will give rise to yucamochi, a classic dish of this fusion cuisine.
Filipinos (snack food)

Filipinosis the brand name for a series ofbiscuitdoughnutsnacks made byMondelez International.InFrance,the Netherlands,Spain,Portugaland mostNordic countriesthey are produced and sold under the 'Artiach' brand name. They have drawn controversy for having the same name as thepeopleof thePhilippines.
The standard Filipinos snack is ring shaped and come in several varieties coated in eithermilk chocolate,dark chocolate, orwhite chocolate.  Milk or dark chocolate versions feature a light colored biscuit.  White chocolate versions feature a darkbrownbiscuit.  These can be purchased in large rolls.  The dark and white chocolate versions are also available in the "Filipinos GoPack" or "Mini Filipinos", a smaller loose packet of four biscuits.
"Filipinos Agujeros" (holes) are crispdoughnut holesized balls coated in either dark or white chocolate. "Filipinos Bigsticks" are crispy 20 cm (8 in) stick shaped snacks covered with puffed rice.  These are coated in either dark or white chocolate.
The government of the Philippines filed a diplomatic protest with thegovernment of Spain, theEuropean Commissionand the then manufacturerNabisco Iberiain 1999. The protest objected to the use of the name "Filipinos", a term which can refer to the people of the Philippines, to market cookie and pretzel snacks and demanded that Nabisco stop selling the product until the brand name was changed.
The resolution's author, former Philippine Congressman and SenatorHeherson Alvarez, claimed that the name of the cookie was offensive due to the apparent reference to their color, "dark outside and white inside".His resolution stated "These food items could be appropriately called by any other label, but the manufacturers have chosen ourracial identity, and they are now making money out of these food items."On August 26, 1999, the Philippine presidentJoseph Estradacalled the brand "an insult".
The protest was filed despite Foreign SecretaryDomingo Siazon'sinitial reluctance on the matter. Siazon had reportedly said he saw nothing wrong with the use of 'Filipinos' as a brand name, notingAustriansdo not complain that small sausages are called "Vienna sausages".
The controversial snack has been sold on the market for over 40 years. There were statements however, that the chocolate-covered snack was named "Filipinos" due to its brown outer layer and white inside before the snack was bought by Nabisco.
Winiary (company)

Winiary Nestlé Polska S.A. Oddział w Kaliszu, known more commonly asWiniary, is a Polishfood processingcompany based in theKaliszborough ofWiniary.
Currently, the company is part ofNestlé, specialising inconvenience foodas well as quick to prepare food (mostlypulverised), instant ready-cooked meals,sauces,soups(mostlyinstant noodles),jelly,kisselandblancmange. Winiary also produces sets ofseasoning, which arepulverisedand in liquid form (fromconcentrate).
The company was founded in 1941 by Alfred Nowacki, Polish spy, returning from Germany, and member of thePolish resistance movement in World War II.
The factory was a focal point of the Kalisz unit of theHome Army.Nowacki fictitiously employed his Polish underground associates at the factory.In March 1944 he was arrested by theGestapo, then subjected to brutal investigation inŁódź, and eventually sentenced to death and executed in nearbySkarszewin 1945.
During 2002–2003, Winiary received various awards for its Majonez Dekoracyjny(Decoration Mayonnaise) product.
In 1998, the image of the company was affected bysanitary epidemiological reconnaissance, which discovered thebacteriasalmonellain Winiary'spulverisedsoups.The company later admitted that the cause of thesalmonellabacteriawas from imported dried onions.Although the products did not cause any health concerns (the pulverised soups require boiling, in which the bacteria die during theheat treating), confirmed by thesanitary epidemiological reconnaissance, the situation caused negativepublic opinionsand publicity in the media.
Convenience Food: Winiary specializes inconvenience food. Their portfolio includes:
Instant ready-cooked soups, including instant noodles.
A range of sauces for various dishes.
Notably, theirMajonez Dekoracyjny(Decoration Mayonnaise)has received awards.
Including puddings, jellies, and blancmange.
Sets of pulverized and liquid seasonings.
Quick-to-prepare meals for busy households.
Lactogal

Lactogalis aPortuguesefood products company focused ondairy products,milk,fruit juiceandmineral water. It is headquartered inPortoand is placed among the twenty largest agro-foodEuropeancompanies. It has major factories inOliveira de AzeméisandVila do Conde.
Lactogal was founded in 1996 by the fusion between the three largest Portuguese companies in the sector: AGROS – União das Cooperativas de Produtores de Leite Entre Douro e o Minho e Trás-os-Montes, UCRL (headquartered inEspaço AgrosinPóvoa de Varzim; founded in 1949); LACTICOOP – União das Cooperativas de Produtores de Leite entre Douro e Mondego, UCRL (headquartered inAveiro; founded in 1962); and PROLEITE/MIMOSA S.A. (headquartered inOliveira de Azeméis; founded in 1973). The company acquired the Spanish companyLeche Celtain 2006, and in 2007, Lactogal was planning to complete before 2010 a new factory in Oliveira de Azeméis.In March 2016, Lactogal along with Lactalis opened war against Galician producers oforganic milk.
Cerealis

Cerealisis aPortuguesefood producer and the biggestmilling company in Portugal, headquartered inMaia, and founded in 1919 as acerealprocessing company. Cerealis Group has two divisions, food producer Cerealis Produtos Alimentares andmillerCerealis Moagens which produce and commercialise a range of products includingpasta,biscuits,cornflakesas well as providing milled wheat flour and rye flour to the food manufacturing sector. Cerealis Group is a privately owned company and owns the Portuguese well-known brandsMilanezaandNacional. The company's exporting branch, Cerealis Internacional, exports the groups's products, and has its main clients in theUnited Kingdom,France,Belgium,Luxembourg,Germany,Switzerland,United States,Canada,Angola,Mozambique,Cape Verde,São ToméandPríncipe,Cuba,South Africa, andLibya. In 2007, about 200,000,000 euros of products were exported by Cerealis.
Founded in 1919 by José Alves de Amorim and Manuel Gonçalves Lage, the company first started out in the milling business, supplyingflourforbakeries. Spurred on by their initial success, the founders started diversifying. In 1933, they inaugurated a modern manufacturing plant to producepastas, launching them on the market with the Milaneza brand name. Milaneza become the leading Pasta-maker on the Portuguese market, being the first one of its kind to be certified. The Grupo Amorim Lage ("Amorim Lage Group") become one of the largestIberiancompanies in the sector and the oldest in continuous operation in Portugal.
Operating in a large number of markets, including theEuropean Union,Portuguese-speaking African countries, theUnited States, andCanada, exports account for over 25% of the company's business turnover; the company continued to expand in the 2000s. In 2005, the Grupo Amorim Lage, affiliated with theAssociação Empresarial de Portugalsince 1930, with its subsidiaries Milaneza, Nacional, and Harmonia, was renamed and organized into a new company, Cerealis, SGPS,S.A., Cerealis Produtos Alimentares, S.A.In 2006, three companies (Spain'sEbro Pulevaand Grupo Gallo andItaly'sBarilla S.p.A.) all rumoured to be interested in sealing a deal to acquire Portugal's leading pasta maker Cerealis. The proposed sale, according toDow Jones, was worth over€100 million ($121.12 million) but Cerealis management team refused the offers.
List of Puerto Ricans

This is alist of notable people from Puerto Ricowhich includes people who were born inPuerto Rico(Borinquen) and people who are of full or partialPuerto Ricandescent. Puerto Rican citizens are included, as the government of Puerto Rico has been issuing "Certificates of Puerto Rican Citizenship" to anyone born in Puerto Rico or to anyone born outside of Puerto Rico with at least one parent who was born in Puerto Rico since 2007.Also included in the list are some long-term continental American and other residents or immigrants of other ethnic heritages who have made Puerto Rico their home and consider themselves to be Puerto Ricans.
The list is divided into categories and, in some cases, sub-categories, which best describe the field for which the subject is most noted. Some categories such as "Actors, actresses, comedians and directors" are relative since a subject who is a comedian may also be an actor or director. In some cases a subject may be notable in more than one field, such asLuis A. Ferré, who is notable both as a former governor and as an industrialist. However, the custom is to place the subject's name under the category for which the subject is most noted.
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Puerto Rican Chinese cuisine

Puerto Rican Chinese cuisineis a popular style of food exclusive torestaurantsinPuerto Ricodeveloped by itsChinese immigrants.The food is a variation ofCantonese cuisinewith some elements ofPuerto Rican cuisine.  A typical dish consists offried rice, a choice of meat, andFrench friesortostones. The fried rice itself varies in every restaurant but can contain many ingredients such asham,beef,shrimp,egg,lettuce, andonions. In 2020, there were an estimated 450 Chinese restaurants in Puerto Rico.
Popular dishes in many Puerto Rican Chinese restaurants are:
Ramez Al-Khayyat

Ramez Al-Khayyatis a Qatari businessman based inDoha. He is the President and GCEO ofPower International Holding, a Qatari-based conglomerate which operates across general contracting, real estate, food and agriculture, hospitality, and services.
Al-Khayyat started his career as a board member of Al-Khayyat Contracting and Trading, a family business established by his father Mohamad Reslan Al-Khayyat in 1983.
In 2011, Al-Khayyat co-founded UrbaCon Trading & Contracting with his brotherMoutaz Al-Khayyat, a large construction company inQatar.It has undertaken several large development projects including theBanana Island resort, theMall of QatarandLekhwiya Sports Complex, which will be used as part of the2022 Football World Cup.Al-Khayyat serves as its Managing Director.
Al-Khayyat is the Managing Director ofBaladna Food Industries, Qatar’s largest dairy and beverage producer which provides 95% of the country's dairy products.Baladna rose to prominence during theQatar diplomatic crisiswhen the company airlifted cows from other countries into Qatar to bypass the Saudi blockade.In 2021, Al-Khayyat announced that the company was exporting to 11 countries and expanding its range of cheeses, juices and milk products.
In 2016, Al-Khayyat received the Retail Leadership Award for the Mall of Qatar development at the Asia Retail Congress Awards.
In April 2022, Al-Khayyat was appointed Vice Chairman of Estithmar Holding QPSC, a public company on theQatar Stock Exchange.He is the Managing Director of Aura Group, a company that operates in thefood and beveragesector in Qatar, and Assets, a Qatar-based real estate company.
In September 2022, Power International Holding was listed byForbesin the Middle East's Top 100 Arab Family Businesses, ranking thirteenth.
European Drinks & Foods

European Drinks & Foodsis one of the largestRomanianfoodcompanies located inŞtei,Bihor County. The holding is formed by several companies including European Drinks, European Foods, Scandic Distilleries, Rieni Drinks and Transilvania General Import Export and is specialised in producing food and drink products.
The company produces a wide variety of products likecarbonated water,mineral water,energy drink,beerand varioussoft drinksthrough its European Drinks division. Two of the company's soft drinksAdriaandFrutti Freshare the main competitors for theCoca-ColaandPepsibrands on the Romanian market. Other successful brands include theIzvorul Minunilormineral water and theBürgerbeer.
European Drinks & Foods also owns anagribusinessdivisionWestgrainwhich owns nearly 8,700 ha ofarable landin theBihor Countylocated in north-western Romania.In 2011 Westgrain sold a grain silo with a 44,000 tonne capacity located on theDanube rivernearDrobeta-Turnu Severin,Mehedinți County,Romaniato the US based trading giantCargillfor an undisclosed fee.
Food industry of Russia

Thefood industry of Russiais a branch of industry inRussia.
The volume of production in the manufacture of food products and tobacco - 3.12 trillion rubles (in 2010), including:
As of 2020, Russia faces problems of over-nutrition with over 23% of the adults obese and over 57% overweight. Under 2.5% of the population suffer from undernourishment. Russia has formulated a Development of Healthy Lifestyle policy covering the years 2017 to 2025.
In 2003 the volume of production in the food industry was 987 billion rubles (over $32 billion).
The volume of production in the manufacture of food products and tobacco in 2009 amounted to 2.77 trillion rubles, including:
In 2008, Russia produced 2.9 million tons of meat, 2.5 million tons of sausages, 3.7 million tonnes of food fish production, 2.5 million tons of vegetable oil, 120 tons of tea, 413 million dal of mineral water.
The average monthly wage in the food and tobacco - 16982 rubles / month (March 2010).
In 2008, Russia produced 50 million dal of wine grape.
Novorossiyskregion (Krasnodar Krai) is one of the mainwinecenters of Russia. Local agro produce and tablespoonsSparklingwine.
In the municipality of Novorossiysk work wineriesAbrau-Dyursoand "Myskhako."
In 2009, Russia exported vodka in the amount of 121 million dollars.
Enterprises:
In 2008, Russia produced 1.14 billion decaliters.
Enterprises:
PlantPepsi(OOO "Pepsi International Bottlers Yekaterinburg") - the largest in the Russian plant ofPepsiCo, provides consumer products from Perm toBeijinga. In 2008 at the opening of the first factory in Russia and in the worldproduction line beverage radically new technologies - hot filling. The estimated production capacity of the plant after a new line of 25 million units per year.
Enterprises:
In Russia there are about 80 tobacco companies.Leading companies tobacco industry:ABCRussia (Moscow), Inc.Liggett-Ducat(Moscow), Inc.Petro(St. Petersburg) Ltd Tobacco FactoryReemtsma-Volga(Volgograd).
VkusVill

Vkusvillis a Russianfood retail chainfounded by Andrey Krivenko in 2012 inMoscow.As of March 2023, VkusVill has more than 1,350 stores in 72 Russian cities.
In 2009 Krivenko opened the first store "Izbenka", which sold fresh dairy products. By 2012 the chain consisted of 140 stores in Moscow and theMoscow Oblast.
In 2012 the first stores of the VkusVill chain were opened, which, in addition to dairy products, also sold groceries.
In 2020, the first Vkusvill store abroad was opened inAmsterdam. However, this project was not successful and was closed in 2022.
In November 2022 the company announced the start of sales of products in China.
Plans to list VkusVill on Nasdaq and Moscow Exchange were canceled in 2022 due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
In March 2023 Vkusvill launched food sales inDubaithrough the YallaMarket app.In November 2023 it became known about the purchase by Vkusvill of the Anderson cafe chain.
In April 2024 Vkusvill opened a store in the city ofAlma-Ata(Kazakhstan).
The founder of the network, Andrey Krivenko, through JSC "Evolutionary Goal" owns LLC "Izbenka Project", which, in turn, owns 86.05% of JSC "Vkusvill", and another 1.79% of shares directly. The Baring Vostok structure owns 12.16% of the retailer's shares.
Alexei Zimin

Alexei Alexandrovich Zimin(Russian:Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Зими́н; 13 December 1971 – 12 November 2024) was aRussianwriter and chef who was based in the United Kingdom. He was found dead inBelgradein November 2024. Zimin was a critic of theRussian annexation of Crimeain 2024.
Zimin was born inDubnanearMoscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia on 13 December 1971.
Zimin was deputy editor-in-chief ofAfishamagazine,founded Afisha.Food, worked as editor-in-chief of Afisha World,Gourmet, andGQRussia editor in chief before training atLe Cordon BleuLondon. He went on to open Moscow's first chef's table restaurant, Ragout, as well as a food magazine, Afisha Eda,and a Moscow fast food chain.
He had a cookery show onNTVwhich was cancelled after he made critical comments on social media (a video on Instagram singing theBulat OkudzhavaRussian anti-war song "Grab Your Coat and Let’s Go Home") against theRussian invasion of Ukrainein 2022.
Zimin co-owned ZIMA,an eponymous restaurant onFrith Streetin the Soho district of London with Katerina Ternovskaya.The restaurant had been the subject of abuse and threats of arson following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
His bookAnglomaniawas published in 2024. Zimin was promoting the book in Serbia at the time of his death. He was found dead by the owner of his rented apartment inBelgradeon 12 November 2024. Serbian authorities said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding his death. An autopsy andtoxicologyreports are being undertaken.
Zimin was married to Tatiana Dolmatovskaya, costume designer for theatre and film. They had three children - Varvara Zimina (b. 2006), Nikolai Zimin (b. 2009) and Paul Zimin (b. 2011).
According to autopsy report, Zimin died from liver cirrhosis and aortic rupture.Zimin was cremated on 23 November 2024 at the Belgrade'sLešćecemetery.Buried at Highgate Cemetery on December 13, 2024.