आंतरजाल न्याहाळक

आंतरजालावरमुशाफिरी करण्यासाठी लागणारीसंगणकआधारीतप्रणाली
न्याहाळक(वेब न्याहाळक) हा एकsoftware applicationfor retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on theWorld Wide Web. Aninformation resourceis identified by aUniform Resource Identifier(URI) and may be aweb page, image, video, or other piece of content.Hyperlinkspresent in resources enable users to easily navigate their browsers to related resources.
Although browsers are primarily intended to access the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided byweb serversinprivate networksor files infile systems.
मुख्य न्याहाळक आहेतइंटरनेट एक्सप्लोरर,फायरफॉक्स,सफारी,गुगल क्रोमवओपेरा.
The history of the web browser dates back to the late 1980s, when a variety of technologies laid the foundation for the first web browser,WorldWideWeb, byTim Berners-Leein 1991. That browser brought together a variety of existing and new software and hardware technologies.
The introduction of theNCSA Mosaicweb browser in 1993 – one of the first graphical web browsers – led to an explosion in web use.Marc Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team at NCSA, soon started his own company, namedNetscape, and released the Mosaic-influencedNetscape Navigatorin 1994, which quickly became the world's most popular browser, accounting for 90% of all web use at its peak (seeusage share of web browsers).
मायक्रोसॉफ्टनेहीइंटरनेट एक्सप्लोररहा वेब न्याहाळक १९९५ मधे काढला. (also heavily influenced by Mosaic), initiating the industry's firstbrowser war. By bundling Internet Explorer withWindows, Microsoft was able to leverage its dominance in theoperating systemmarket to take over the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002.
ओपेराहा वेब न्याहाळक १९९६ मधे सुरू झाला. although it has never achieved widespread use, having 2% browser usage share as of August 2009 according to Net Applications,it has a substantial share of the fast-growingmobile phoneweb browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. It is also available on several otherembedded systems, includingNintendo'sWiivideo game console.
In 1998, Netscape launched what was to become theMozilla Foundationin an attempt to produce a competitive browser using theopen sourcesoftware model. That browser would eventually evolve intoFirefox, which developed a respectable following while still in thebetastage of development; shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox (all versions) accounted for 7.4% of browser use.As of August 2009, Firefox has a 23% usage share.
Apple'sSafarihad its first beta release in January 2003; as of July 2009, it has a dominant share of Apple-based web browsing, accounting for just over 4% of the entire browser market.Its rendering engine, calledWebKit, is also running in the standard browsers of several mobile phone platforms, includingGoogle Android,Nokia S60andPalm WebOS.
The most recent major entrant to the browser market isGoogle's WebKit-basedChrome, first released in September 2008.  As of August 2009, it has a 3% usage share.
The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user. This process begins when the user inputs aUniform Resource Identifier(URI) , into the browser. The prefix of the URI determines how the URI will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts withhttp:and identifies a resource to be retrieved over theHypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such ashttps:forHTTPS,ftp:for theFile Transfer Protocol, andfile:for local files. Prefixes that the web browser cannot directly handle are often handed off to another application entirely. For example,mailto:URIs are usually passed to the user's default e-mail application, andnews:URIs are passed to the user's default newsgroup reader.
In the case ofhttp,https,file, and others, once the resource has been retrieved the web browser will display it.HTMLis passed to the browser'slayout engineto be transformed frommarkupto an interactive document. Aside from HTML, web browsers can generally display any kind of content that can be part of a web page. Most browsers can display images, audio, video, andXMLfiles, and often haveplug-insto supportFlashapplications andJava applets. Upon encountering a file of an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save the file to disk.
Information resources may containhyperlinksto other information resources. Each link contains the URI of a resource to go to. When a link is clicked, the browser navigates to the resource indicated by the link's target URI, and the process of bringing content to the user begins again.
Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components to supporte-mail,Usenetnews, andInternet Relay Chat(IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than merely "web browsers".
All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in differenttabsof the same window. Major browsers also includepop-up blockersto prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent.
Most web browsers can display a list of web pages that the user hasbookmarkedso that the user can quickly return to them. Bookmarks are also called "Favorites" inInternet Explorer. In addition, all major web browsers have some form of built-inweb feedaggregator. InMozilla Firefox, web feeds are formatted as "live bookmarks" and behave like a folder of bookmarks corresponding to recent entries in the feed.InOpera, a more traditional feed reader is included which stores and displays the contents of the feed.
Furthermore, most browsers can be extended viaplug-ins, downloadable components that provide additional features.
Most major web browsers have these user interface elements in common:
Major browsers also possessincremental findfeatures to search within a web page.
Most browsers supportHTTP Secureand offer quick and easy ways to delete the web cache,cookies, and browsing history. For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, seecomparison of web browsers.
Early web browsers supported only a very simple version of HTML. The rapid development of proprietary web browsers led to the development of non-standard dialects of HTML, leading to problems with interoperability. Modern web browsers support a combination of standards-based andde factoHTML andXHTML, which should be rendered in the same way by allbrowsers.