Minnesota

MinnesotasīBí-kokê chi̍t-êchiu.Siú-húsīSaint Paul. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sīMinneapolis.
Minnesotaiû-lâi sīDakota-gítùiMinnesota Hôê miâMnisota. Jī thâumni-ì-sù sī "chúi",ta(tō) ì-sù nâ-sek. Tī chiu lāi ū bōe chióMinne-chhōa-thâu ê tē-hō-miâ, lóng sī tùi chúi ê hêng-iông. Pú-lūnMinnehaha Falls("chiò-chhiò ê chúi"),Minneiska("pe̍h chúi"),Minneota("chē-chē ê chúi"),Minnetonka("tōa chúi"),Minnetrista("oan-oan khek-khek ê chúi").
Chiàu Bí-kok ê tē-lí hun-khu, Minnesota sī ūi tī lehTéng Tiong-se-pō͘(Upper Midwest), mā sǹg sīTōa-ô͘-khuê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Pún chiu kap tang-pêng êMichigantiong-ng sī keh liáu chi̍t-êSuperior Ô͘, kâng-khoán tī tang-pêng koh ū pō͘-hūn sio-óa êWisconsinchiu hūn. Lēng-gōa, ùi lâm-pêng sīIowa; sai-pêng ūNorth DakotakapSouth Dakota; tī pak-pêng sīKa-ná-tahêOntariochhamManitobaséng.
Kui chiu ê bīn-chek ū 225,180 pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm choân-kok ê 2.25 pha-sén, sī pâi tē-12 tōa ê Bí-kok chiu-hūn.
Minnesota sī Bí-kok tû-liáu Alaska í-gōa siāng óa pak ê chiu, I ū chi̍t kak hiòng pak thòng--chhut-khì, khu lāi ūChhiū-nâ Ô͘(Lake of the Woods), ô͘ ê pak-pêng ū chi̍t hūn thó͘-tē, sī Bí-kok tāi-lio̍k pō͘-hūn î-it pí pak-hūi 49 tō͘ koh khah óa pak ê só͘-chāi.
Au-chiu-lâng lâi kàuPak Bí-chiuchìn-chêng, Minnesota chú-iàu ê jîn-kûn sīDakota-lâng.Hoat-kokê lâng tī 17 sè-kí lâi kàu Minnesota chòmô͘-phôebé-bē. Tong Au-chiu î-bîn tī tang-hoaⁿ oa̍h-tāng ê sî,Anishinaabeténg cho̍k mā sóa ji̍p phì-jû Minnesota chit khoán lōe-lio̍k. Sin lâi ê Anishinaabe lâng kap chāi-tē ê Dakota lâng tio̍h sán-sen tùi-li̍p.
1762 nî kàu 1802 nî kî-kan, Minnesota sīSe-pan-gâ Louisianasó͘-sio̍k. Bí-kok kek-bēng bóe-kî,Tē-jī-chhù Pa-lí Tiâu-iokchhiam-sú sî, Minnesota tīMississippi Hôtang-pêng ê thó͘-tē piàn chò sīBí-kokê chi̍t hūn. Liáu-āu, Bí-kok koh keng-kòeLouisiana Siu-bé, tit tio̍h Mississippi sai-pêng ê thó͘-tē.
Minnesota Léng-thó͘tī1849 nî3 goe̍h chheh 3 sêng-li̍p, thau kài ê gī-hōe, sīNew Englandî-bîn kap in kiáⁿ-sun só͘ khòng-chè. Hit tong-sî chin chōe lông-ka khai-sí tī Minnesota khai-hoat. Kàu 1858 nî 5 goe̍h 11, Minnesota siat chò Bí-kok ê tē 32 chiu. In-ūi New England hē ê jîn-kháu chiàn tōa-hūn, hong kiò chò sī "Sai-pō͘ ê New England" (The New England of the West).
1861 nî tòa tīMankatoê Au-chiu-hē jîn-bîn sêng-li̍p hō chò Sim-lîm Bú-sū (Knights of the Forest) ê thoân-thé, beh chiong goân-chū-bîn kóaⁿ cháu. Chit khoán ap-le̍k ín-khí liáu 1862 nî êDakota Chiàn-cheng, āu-bóe chia goân-chū-bîn lóng sóa khí Dakota êCrow Creek Pó-liû-tē(Crow Creek Reservation).
1880 nî-tāiliáu-āu tīVermilion Soaⁿ-tēkapMesabi Soaⁿ-tēténg só͘-chāi hoat-kiàn thih-khòng, tong-tē kiàn-li̍p liáu chhái-khòng ê sán-gia̍p, in ê chhut-sán, ē-tàng hiòng tang sàn kàuTōa-ô͘-khu. 20 sè-kí chá-kî, kang-gia̍p ê hoat-tián chō-sêng jîn-kháu tùi chháu-tē hiòng to͘-chhī î-sóa; chóng-sī Minnesota hit-tong-sî lông-gia̍p oan-ná chin tiōng-iàu.
Tōa Siau-tiâusî-kî, Minnesota ê keng-chè mā siū sún-hāi, kàu 1931 nî kap 1935 nî kî-kan, sai-pêng kap Dakota koh siū khiàm-chúi ê gûi-hāi. Āu-lâiSin Chhek(New Deal) ê kè-ōe hō͘ pún-tē keng-chè ū chi̍t kóa kái-siàn. Hit-chūnKong-bîn Pó-io̍k Tūi(Civilian Conservation Corps) kap kî-tha ê kè-ōe, chiam-tùi goân-chū-bîn thê-kiong khang-khòe. 1934 nî ê hoat-àn koh khak-li̍p in khai-siat chū-chú chèng-hú ê chè-tō͘.
Jī-chhù Tāi-chiànliáu-āu, sin-ê kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Chū-tōng-hòa ê phó͘-ki̍p kái-chìn liáu seng-sán-le̍k. Lông-chok-bu̍t tōa-hūn lóng piànhoan-be̍hkapsió-be̍h. 1946 nî,Kang-têng Gián-kiù Cho͘-ha̍p(Engineering Research Associates) sêng-li̍p, choan-bûn thè hái-kun khai-hoat tiān-náu.
Chiàu 2010 nî 4 goe̍h ê phó͘-cha chu-liāu, thong Minnesota ê jîn-kháu ê 5,303,925 lâng; lāi-bīn 83.1% sī hui Latin-hē ê pe̍h-lâng; 5.2% sī o͘-lâng ia̍h Hui-chiū-hē Bí-kok-lâng; Indian kap Alaska goân-chū-bîn chiàm 1.1%; A-chiu-hē chiàm 4.0%.
Minnesota tī 2014 nî êGDPsī 316,204 pa̍h-bān bí-kim.Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sīkiān-khong chiàu-kò͘kapsiā-hōe hû-chō͘(health care and social assistance) sán-gia̍p.
Pún chiu sī Bí-kok seng-sán siāng-chē chè-thn̂g-ēng âng-chhài-thâu (sugar beet), tiⁿ hoan-be̍h (sweet corn) kap ka-kang-ēnghôe-liân-tāu, koh ū chhīhóe-keê chiu. Lēng-gōa mā sī n̂g-tāu kap hoan-be̍h ê tiōng-iàu seng-sán-chiá.
Minnesota ê chèng-hú ū siatMinnesota Kau-thong-pō͘lâi chú-koán kau-thong gia̍p-bū. Keng-kòe pún chiu ê chú-iàu chiu-chè kong-lō͘ ūI-35,I-90,I-94téng lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia lāi-bīn I-35 kap I-94 keng-kòe Minneapolis–St. Paul tō͘-hōe-khu; I-90 ùi chiu ê lâm-pêng piⁿ thong-kòe.