Ìtàn ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà

Ìtàn ilẹ̀Nàìjíríàni a lè tọpa rẹ̀ sí nkan bí ẹgbẹ̀rún ọdún kan ó lé ọgórùún ọdún sẹ́yìn káàkiri àwọn abúlé, ìletò àti àwọn ìlú  káàkiri Àrin gbùngbùn ìlà-Oòrùn àti gbogbo ilẹ̀Áfíríkàpátá (1100 BC). Ọ̀gọ̀rọ̀ àwọnìlújànkàn jànkàn ìgbà láé láé tí wọ́n ti lajú tínwọ́n sì ti ń ṣèjọba ara wọn ṣáájú ọ̀làjú ayé òde òní ni wọ́n ti wà tí wọ́n sì para pọ̀ láti orílẹ̀-èdè kan ṣoṣo. Lára àwọn ìlú bẹ́ẹ̀ ni a ti ríIlẹ̀ Ọba Bìní,Ilẹ̀ Ọba ti Ọ̀yọ́àtiIlẹ̀ Ọba ti Ńriti àwọnẹ̀yà Ìgbò. Ẹ̀sìnÌmàlewọ orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríàláti apá Àríwá pàá pàá jùlọilẹ̀ Ọba Bọ̀núláàrín ọdún (1068 Ad)Nígbà tí ẹ̀sìnìgbàgbọ́wọ àárín àwọn ènìyàn ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà láti ọwọ́ ọ̀gbẹ́ni Augustinian àti Capunchin tí wọ́n jẹ́ olùṣọ́àgùtànláti orílẹ̀-èdèPotogíní ọ̀rùndún kẹèédógún 15th century.ilé Ọba Songhaimú díẹ̀ lára ilẹ̀Nàìjíríà.
Ipa tíòwò-ẹrùnínú ìtàn orílẹ̀-èdè!Nàìjíríàkò kéré rárá,òwò-ẹrù tí ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn ọ̀rùndún kẹẹ̀ẹ́dógún tí àwọn aráPotogímú ẹ̀sìn [[ìgbagbọ́ wọ orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríà. Àwọn olówò-ẹrú yí tí wọ́n jẹ́ ará ilẹ̀Yúróòpùtí wọ́n ń pàgọ́ sí etíòkun. Ibi tí wọ́n àwọn olówò-ẹrúPotogíàti Brítènì]] kọ́kọ́ fojú sùn tí wọ́n sì kọ́ ilé òwò-ẹrù wọn sí ní orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríàni ìlúÀgbádárìgì, tí ó jẹ́ ìlú tí wà létí alagba-lúgbúomiNí ìlú yí, àwọn ojúkò tí wọ́n ma ń lò láti fi so àwọn tí wọ́n bá kó lẹ́rú sí ni ó ṣì wà níbẹ̀ títí di ọ̀là. Lẹ́yìn èyí ni.wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní lo àwọn alàgata láti báwọn wá àwọn ènìyàn tí wọn yóò fi ṣẹrú ní ìlú wọn. Ìgbésẹ̀ àwọn òyìnbó olówò-ẹrú yí mú ìtàpórógan tí ó dá ìjà gidi kalẹ̀ láàrín àwọn ẹ̀yà ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà lóriṣiríṣi tí ó sì ba òwò ati kárà-kátà gbogbo tí ó ń wáyé ní etí òkun jẹ́.
Àwọn ọmọ ogun Gẹ̀ẹ́sì ará ilẹ̀Brítènìkọluìlú Èkóọdún 1851 tí wọ́n sì sọ ú Èkó di ìlú amónà ilẹ̀ Brítènì ní ọdún 1865.orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríàti ìlú tí ó gbọ́dò tẹ̀lé àṣẹ pẹ́lú ìlànà ìlú alágbára tí ó ń dáàbò bòó lọ́wọ́ ìkọlù àwọn ìlú alágbára mìíran ní ọdún 1901, nígbà tí wọ́n jẹ gàba lé orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríàlórí títí di ọdún 1960, nígbà tí àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀-èdè náà ja ìjà-n-gbara kúrò lọ́ àwọn Gẹ̀ẹ́sì àmúnisìn.
Orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríàdi orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó ń ṣèjọba ara rẹ̀ ní ọdún 1963, àmọ́ ìjọba rẹ̀ bọ́ sọ́wọ́ àwọn ológun tí wọ́n sì lo ọdún mẹ́ta gbáko. Lẹ́yìnìdìtẹ̀ gbajọba ọdún 1966, àwọnẹ̀yà Ìgbòkéde wípé àwọn ya kúrò lára ìjọba orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríààwọn sì ti dá ìjọba ẹkùn tiwọn sílẹ̀ tí wọ́n pè níBifraní ọdún 1967, rògbòdìyàn yí náà tún dáogun abẹ́lésílẹ̀ ní orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríàfún odidi ọdún mẹ́ta mìíràn.Ìjọba àwa-arawa ẹlẹ́kejì tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ lẹ́yìn tí wọ́n ṣe àpérò àti àtúnṣe sí òfin orílẹ̀-èdèNàìjíríàí ọdún 1979. Bí ó tilẹ̀ jè pé, ìjọba náà kò pẹ́ lọ títí kí àwọn ológun tún tó dìtẹ̀ gba ìj9ba náà ní ọdún 1983 sí ọdún 1987 tí ó jẹ́ ọdún mẹrin gbáko. Lẹ́yìn èyí ni wọ́n tún  gbèrò láti gbé ìjọba àwa-arawa mìíràn kalẹ̀ ní ọdún 1993, àmọ́ Ààrẹ ológun apàṣẹ wàáSani Abachakọ̀ láti gbé ìjọba kalẹ̀ títí  Nigeria became arepubliconce again after a new constitution was written in 1979. However, the republic was short-lived, when the militaryseized power againfor another four years. Anew republicwas planned to be established in 1993, but was aborted by GeneralSani Abacha. Abacha died in 1998 and afourth republicwas later established the following year, which ended three decades of intermittent military rule.
Archaeologicalresearch, pioneered byCharles Thurstan Shawhas shown that people were already living in south-eastern Nigeria (specificallyIgbo Ukwu, Nsukka, Afikpo and Ugwuele) 100,000 years ago. Excavations in Ugwuele, Afikpo and Nsukka show evidence of long habitations as early as 6,000 BC. However, by the 9th Century AD, it seemed clear that the Igbos had settled in Igboland.Shaw's excavations atIgbo-Ukwu, Nigeria revealed a 9th-century indigenous culture that created highly sophisticated work in bronze metalworking, independent of any Arab or European influence and centuries before other sites that were better known at the time of discovery.
The earliest known example of afossilhuman skeleton found anywhere in West Africa, which is 13,000 years old, was found atIwo-Eleruin Isarun, western Nigeria and attests to the antiquity of habitation in the region.
TheDufuna canoewas discovered in 1987 a few kilometers from the village of Dufuna, not far from theKomadugu Gana River, inYobe State, Nigeria.Radiocarbon dating of a sample of charcoal found near the site dates the canoe at 8500 to 8000 years old, linking the site toLake Mega Chad.It is the oldest boat to be discovered in Africa, and the second oldest known worldwide.
Microlithic andceramicindustries were also established by savannapastoralistsfrom at least the4th millennium BCand were continued by subsequentagriculturalcommunities. In the south,hunting and gatheringgave way tosubsistence farmingaround the same time, relying more on the indigenous yam and oil palm than on the cereals important in the North.
The stone axe heads, imported in great quantities from the north and used in opening the forest for agricultural development, were venerated by theYorubadescendants ofNeolithicpioneers as "thunderbolts" hurled to earth by the gods.
TheNok culturethrived from approximately 1,500 BC to about 200 AD on theJos Plateauin north and centralNigeriaand produced life-sized terracotta figures that include human heads, human figures, and animals.Ironsmeltingfurnaces atTaruga, a Nok site, date from around 600 BC. The Nok culture is thought to have begun smelting iron by 600-500 BC and possibly some centuries earlier.Kainji Damexcavations revealediron-workingby the 2nd century BC. Evidence of iron smelting has also been excavated at sites in theNsukkaregion of southeast Nigeria in what is nowIgboland: dating to 2,000 BC at the site ofLejja(Uzomaka 2009)and to 750 BC and at the site ofOpi(Holl 2009).The transition from Neolithic times to theIron Ageapparently was achieved indigenously without intermediatebronzeproduction. Others have suggested that the technology moved west from theNile Valley, although the Iron Age in theNiger Rivervalley and the forest region appears to predate the introduction of metallurgy in the upper savanna by more than 800 years. The earliest iron technology in West Africa has also been found to be contemporary with or predate that of the Nile valley and North Africa, and some archaeologists believe that iron metallurgy was likely developed independently in sub-Saharan West Africa.