Chateaubriand (dish)

Chateaubriand(French pronunciation:[ʃatobʁijɑ̃]; sometimes calledchateaubriand steak) is a dish that traditionally consists of a large front cut fillet oftenderloingrilled between two lesser pieces of meat that are discarded after cooking.While the term originally referred to the preparation of the dish,Auguste Escoffiernamed the specific front cut of the tenderloin the Chateaubriand.
In gastronomy of the 19th century, the steak for Chateaubriand could be cut from thesirloin,and served with a reduced sauce named Chateaubriand sauce or a similar, that was prepared with white wine and shallots moistened withdemi-glace, and mixed with butter, tarragon, and lemon juice. It was also traditionally served with mushrooms.
Chateaubriand is named after the French authorFrançois-René de Chateaubriand.
There are several stories about what the original dish was.WithFrenchorigins,theLarousse Gastronomiqueindicates that the dishChateaubriandwas created by the namesake's personal chef, Montmireil, for the VicomteFrançois-René de Chateaubriand, at that time (1822) Ambassador of France in The United Kingdom.Montmireil also created what was originally calledpudding a la Chateaubriandbut would eventually be called simplypudding diplomate.An alternative spelling of the Vicomte's surname isChâteaubriant, which term theDictionnaire de l'Académie des Gastronomesgives as the source of the beef-cattle bred at the town ofChâteaubriant, inLoire-Atlantique, France.
Originally the term itself was applied to the manner of preparation of the meat; however, by the 1870s at its introduction to the English, the term was transferred to the steak or cut of meat itself. Steak originally calledfilet de bœufwas now served as Chateaubriand.Montmireil originally roasted the Chateaubriand between two lesser cuts of meat.This technique enhanced both flavor and juiciness of the steak.
New York'sDelmonico's Restaurantopened in 1827 as a pastry shop by Giovani and Pietro Delmonico but quickly expanded in 1830 to a full French restaurant.Louis Napoleonvisited New York in 1837 and was a regular patron. Among the items on the first menu was "Beef tenderloin with sauce."In 1893,Charles Ranhofer, the former chef at Delmonico's Restaurant, described the exact cut of meat for his preparation method as being the center cuts of thebeef tenderloin. This center loin is described by Ranhofer as having been given the name Chateaubriand. In this 1893 method, a twenty-ounce (pound and a quarter) tenderloin center is flattened to 3 centimetres (1.2 in) and broiled over a slow but steady fire for 16 minutes for exceptionally rare, 18 minutes for medium, and 20 minutes for well done. The finished steak is served withmaître d'hôtel butteror gravy.
French chefGeorges Auguste Escoffiergave names to different steak cuts.Tournedoswere the name given for the kernels of the fillet, cut into rounds. Escoffier states:
While he gives the name to the cut of meat, Escoffier only mentions the VicomteFrançois-René de Chateaubriandas being the inventor of the sauce named after him.However, the Auguste Escoffier School of the Culinary Arts states:
In the February edition of the periodicalGood Housekeepingpublished in 1917, inside the article "The Plank versus the Platter" by Katherine Campion, the author states, "Until very recently, a Beefsteak Chateaubriand was always cooked and served on an oaken plank. But now the custom of broiling the steak and serving it from a silver platter has replaced the plank". The publication credits Vicomte François-René de Chateaubriand for originating the cooking method for his meats and game which were served with rich sauces and garnishes. Oak planks add a substantial amount of flavor to the meat and are practical for both hotel and home cooking. Planks were sold both plain and with silver tray stands for presentation. Some well constructed planks had carved grooves for the juices to channel into a shallow well. The author's instructions for preparation suggest thickly cut tenderloin, porterhouse, or rump steak. The meat is skewered into shape and broiled on one side.While the meat broils, the plank is placed into the hot oven to heat until smoking. When ready, remove the plank from the oven and butter. After the meat has cooked from 5 to 7 minutes, remove it from the broiler and place onto the plank, cooked side down. Mashed potatoes are then piped through a pastry bag with a rose tube directly onto the plank, surrounding the meat in a wavy border or other, more complicated, decoration. Stuffed bell peppers or, alternatively, stuffed tomatoes are arranged, one per person, pressed into the potato border. Sautéed mushrooms are added on top and the entire plank is placed back into a hot oven until the meat is cooked to liking and the potatoes are lightly browned and the vegetables tender. The meat is then seasoned with salt, pepper, and paprika with a little butter rubbed on the meat and a final garnishing with sprays of watercress is added.
By the 1950s in the United States, Chateaubriand became a treat for upscale guests inLas Vegas, Nevada, eventually becoming a staple of the local supper clubs referred to as gourmet rooms that were found on and off theLas Vegas Strip.According toWoman's Daymagazine in 1966, "A Chateaubriand steak in most modern restaurants is a thick slice of tenderloin, larded with beef fat or bacon, and broiled to the desired degree of doneness (à point, as the French say), then served up with Chateaubriand Sauce."
In the 1985 book,Contemporary Cooking, by James Charlton, the dish "Chateaubriand with Duchesse Potatoes" is prepared by broiling the steak until not quite done and then placing the nearly cooked steaks onto a plank surrounded with mushrooms, tomatoes, and pipedduchess potatoesaround the meat and vegetables and then placed back into the broiler for the steak to finish and the potatoes to lightly brown.