Balkan cuisine

Balkan cuisineis a type of regionalcuisinethat combines characteristics ofEuropean cuisinewith some of those fromWest Asia. It is found in theBalkan PeninsulaofSoutheast Europe, a region without clear boundaries but which is generally considered to at least include the modern countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Romania and Greece and the former Yugoslavia, with the exception of Slovenia and northern inland regions of Croatia.
Balkan cuisine can be found in Vienna as a result of post-WWII migration to that city.Germany has restaurants serving Balkan cuisine, which were often called Yugoslavian restaurants until the outbreak of theYugoslav Wars.There were Balkan Grills in West Germany from the 1960s, leading to the popularisation ofćevapčićiin Germany, but these establishments have become rarer since the late 1980s and those that survive are often now called "Croatian" instead.A restaurant sellingRomani cuisineopened in Slovenia in 2014. Romani cuisine, the traditional food of the Romani people, includes dishes from traditional Balkan cuisine.
The Balkans have a history of foreign rule and internal power struggles, and this has resulted in a diverse cuisine in which influences have merged as a result of cultural exchange.The historical foundation of modern Balkan cuisine isOttoman cuisine, which itself was heavily influenced by ArabianLevantine cuisineand the medievalByzantine cuisine.TheOttoman Empireintroduced the use of peppers to the region and it also broughtbörek, afilopastry with origins that may lie inAncient Roman cuisine.During the Ottoman presence, dishes such asćevapiandpljeskavicawere introduced along withTurkish coffee.At the same time pork became popular in northern Serbia as pigs were not taxed under Ottoman Islamic law.
The components of Balkan cuisine are also typically drawn from the traditional cuisines of Greece, Persia, the Arab countries and Turkey, as well as the Balkan region itself,and there has been some borrowing fromMediterranean cuisine,Armenian cuisineand the cuisines of North West Africa and Central Europe.Commonalities can be found withGerman cuisine,Hungarian cuisineand Slavic cuisine.The involvement of Austria, Hungary and Italy in the Balkans led to the introduction of breaded-meat dishes andgoulash, as well as an emphasis on seafood.The influence ofPersian cuisineis shown by the use of yoghurt in meat dishes.There are also some contributions fromJewish cuisine, such as patišpanja, the sponge cake found in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Balkan cuisine is characterised by very diverse, strong and spicy food.Pickled vegetables and small hot peppers are common ingredients,with peppers appearing inajvarspread.Fetacheese is also a popular ingredient.Dishes frequently make use of stuffed vegetablessuch assarmawhich is made with stuffed vine leaves. Also popular ismoussaka, a dish made with eggplants or potatoes.Many dishes are served with the thick cream known askajmakand the egg-and-lemon sauceavgolemonois also widely used.Mezeare often served as appetizers, as they are inLevantine cuisineandCaucasian cuisine.Popular desserts includebaklavaandhalvaand the fruit brandyrakiais often drunk. Cooking is typically done using asač, a type of baking lid covered with hot coals or ashes,a technique dating back toAncient Greek cuisine.
The similarities within Balkan cuisine are partly due to the common natural environment of the Balkans which provides similar food ingredients.Many dishes and recipes across the Balkan region are referred to using the same vocabulary, albeit with national variations.The common features of Balkan cuisine are most easily seen in thehaute cuisineof restaurants. In contrast, meals prepared domestically reveal the cuisine's geographic variation,including a series of intermediate cuisines ranging from those of North and Mediterranean Europe to that of the Middle East.The different nationalities within the Balkans create their own variations,and a dish by the same name may have different ingredients and preparation methods in different countries.Chocolate, cakes and sweet confections are popular in the North Balkans, but in the South it is seafood, honeyed sweets and pastas that indicate the area's more Mediterranean style.