Siōng-hái-chhī

Siōng-hái-chhī(上海市), kán-chhengHō͘(滬), pia̍t-chhengSin(申),Tiong-koksiōng tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī, tiàm-tī Tiong-kok tang-pō͘ iân-hái,Tiông-kangchhut-hái-kháu ê lâm-sì. Siōng-hái sī Tiong-kok chèng-hú tiong-iongti̍t-hat-chhī, sī hiān-chú-sîTiong-kok Tāi-lio̍kkeng-chè siāng-kài hoat-ta̍t ê só͘-chāi.
Siōng-hái-chhī êtē-lí chō-piausī pak-úi 31°14′, tang-keng 121°29′, tú-hó tī Tiong-kok lâm-pak hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ ê pòaⁿ-tiong-tn̂g, i ê tang-pêng óaTang-hái, lâm—sìHâng-chiu-oan, sai-pêng hāmKang-so·-séng,Chiat-kang-séng sio-chiap, pak-pêngTiông-kanglo̍h-hái-kháu. 
Chôan-chhī chóng bīn-chek 2,648.6 k㎡. Ha̍t-khu lāi ū chi̍t-êTiong-koktē-3 tōa ê tó-sū, hō-chòeChông-bêng-tó(崇明島), bīn-chek 1041 k㎡.
Siōng-hái-chhī ê khì-hāu sio̍k-îa-jiât-tài kùi-hong khì-hāu, m̄-nā sio-lō, jî-chhiáⁿ iū-koh tâm-sip. Chit-tah sù-kùi bêng-hián, chhut-ji̍tê sî-kan tn̂g, hō͘-chúi mā chiâⁿ chhiong-chiok. Chhun, chhiu 2 kùi khah té; tang, hē 2 kùi khah tn̂g. Hō͘-chúi-kî chú-iàu chi̍p-tiong tī chhun-chúi-poe-hō͘ (chhun-chúi-hîⁿ-hō͘ / 春雨) , bông-chéng-hō͘ (梅雨) kah chhiu-hō͘ (秋雨) chit 3 ê sî-kan-tōaⁿ.
Siōng-hái-chhī lóng-chóng 16 ê chhī-ha̍t-khu.
Siōng-hái sīle̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ, thiaⁿ-í-kóng 6,000 gōa nî chêng to̍h ū jîn-lūi seng-o̍ah tī chia. 
Ah nā chin-chiàⁿ ū siâng-sè le̍k-sú kì-chài, sī ùiTông-tiâukhai-sí. It-ti̍t kàu-kahTē-it-chhù A-phiàn Chiàn-chengchìn-chêng, Siāng-hái lóng-sī sio̍k-îKang-so͘-séngê ha̍t-khu hōan-ûi. Che í-āu, Siāng-hái chiâⁿ-chòe Chheng-tiâuNgó·-kháu thong-siongê kî-tiong chi̍t-ê káng-kháu, sī gōa-kài chhut-ji̍p Tiong-kok lāi-lio̍k ê tiōng-iàu thong-tō. Kàu-kah 20 sè-kí jī, saⁿ cha̍p nî-tāi ê sî-chūn, Siōng-hái to̍h í-keng chiâⁿ-chòeÓan-tangtē-it tōa ê tō͘-chhī kah kim-iông tiong-sim.
1949 nî í-āu, tōa-to-sò͘ ê châi-thôan ùi Siōng-hái poaⁿ-khìHiong-kang. Sui-bóng sī án-ne, hit-sî ê Siāng-hái iu-gôan sīTiong-kok Tāi-lio̍kê kang-gia̍p tiong-sim.Bûn-hòa tāi kek-bēngê sî-chūn, Siāng-hái sīsì-lâng-pangsiāng tiāng-iàu ê kin-kì-tē.
20 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi bóe-kî,Tēng Siáu-pêngchīuⁿ-tâi, Tiong-kok ho̍ah-ji̍pkái-kek khai-hòngê nî-tāi. Chhú-khì, Siāng-hái chit-ê kok-ka keng-chè tiong-sim, i ê tē-ūi put-tōan siū-tio̍h lâm-hng kài chōe siâⁿ-chhī ê thiáu-chiàn, te̍k-pia̍t sī 5 êkeng-chè te̍k-khu. Put-jî-kò, 90 nî-tāi í-āu, Siāng-hái ê keng-chè hoat-tián chiâⁿ kín, chiah koh khak-pó tio̍h i tī Tiong-kok keng-chè, kim-iông kah bō͘-e̍k chit 3 ê tiōng-iàu léng-he̍k ê tiong-sim tē-ūi. 1993 nîPhó·-tang-khu ê khai-hoat, koh-khah sī ka-sok siâⁿ-chhī hoat-tián ê sok-tō͘. Bo̍k-chiân ê Siāng-hái, múi-tang êlâng pêng-kunGDPpó-chhî tio̍h chhiau-kòe 10% ê sok-tō͘ tī-leh cheng-tióng.
Hiān-chú-sî, Siāng-hái sī Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k keng-chè siōng hoat-ta̍t ê siâⁿ-chhī. Chām-chí 2003 nî, Siāng-hái-chhīlâng pêng-kun GDPchiong-kin 5700 kho·Bí-kim, jî-chhiáⁿ sio-liân-sòa chiâⁿ-cha̍p-nî pêng-kun keng-chè cheng-tióng chhiau-kòe 10%. Bo̍k-chiân Siāng-hái-chhī ê keng-chè kiat-kò· ítē-saⁿ sán-gia̍p(ho̍k-bū-gia̍p) ûi chú, kî-tiong siōng tiōng-iàu—ê sán-gia̍p pau-koahkim-iông gia̍p,pâng-tē-sán gia̍p,pó-hiám gia̍pkahūn-su gia̍p.Phó͘-tang Sin-khusī Siōng-hái sin—ê kim-iông tiong-sim,chôan-kiû 500 kiông khì-gia̍ptang-tiong, ū khah-ke chi̍t-pòaⁿ ê khì-gia̍p tī chia siat-li̍p hun kong-si a̍h-sī pān-su-chhù.
Siōng-hái êkang-gia̍pôan-á chiâⁿ hoat-ta̍t, kang-gia̍p chóng sán-ta̍t chiàm kàu chôan-kok ê 1 siâⁿ khah-ke. Siāng-hái ê kang-gia̍p siōng-kài chú-iàu—ê sīpháng-chit,tāng-kang-gia̍p,iá-kim(冶金),se̍k-iû hòa-kang(石油化工),ki-hâi(機械) kahtiān-chú kang-gia̍p.
Che i-gōa, iáu-koh ūkhì-chhia,hâng-khong,hâng-thianchiah-ê kang-gia̍p sêng-hūn.
Siāng-hái-chhī,lông-gia̍pê pí-lē chiâⁿ sè, tāi-iok kan-na chiàm keng-chè chóng-gia̍h ê 1.7% niā-niā.
Siāng-hái-káng sī se-Thài-pêng-iûⁿ tē-khu siōng-kài hôan-bâng ê káng-kháu chit-it, káng-kháu ê thun-thò·-liōng liōng-kî-iok chiàm kàu chôan-kok chóng-gia̍h ê 1/3, bo̍k-chiân tng-leh kiàn-siat ê tōa-hêng chhim-chúi-káng ( miâ hō·-chòe Iûⁿ-soaⁿ-káng ), múi-chi̍t-nî, siat-kè ê chi̍p-chong-siuⁿ thun-thò͘-liōng ē-tàng ta̍t-kàu 1,500 bān phiau-siuⁿ.
1999 nî kah 2001 nî, Siāng-hái bat sêng-kong kú-pān kòeChâi-hù Chôan-kiû Lūn-tôaⁿkahAPEC(A-Thài Keng-ha̍p Chó͘-chit ) chit 2 tiûⁿ sēng-hōe. Chiong-lâi, Siōng-hái koh beh kú-pānSè-kài Phok-lám-hōe( 2010 nî ).
Kàu-kah 2003 nî, Siōng-hái chôan-chhī ê siông-chū jîn-kháu tāi-iok 1,711 bān lâng, jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘ sī 2116 lâng/k㎡.
Siōng-hái sī chôan-kok tē-it ê chhut-hiān jîn-kháu chū-jiân piàn-tōng hù-cheng-tióng ê séng-kip hêng-chèng-khu, jîn-kháu chū-jiân cheng-tióng-lu̍t ùi 1993 nî khai-sí to̍h chhut-hiān hù-cheng-tióng. 2003 nî, chôan-chhī hō͘-che̍k jîn-kháu chhut-seng-lu̍t sī 4.3‰, sī-bông-lu̍t sī 7.6‰, chū-jiân cheng-tióng-lu̍t sī -3.3‰.
Siōng-hái-chhī sīkok-ka le̍k-sú bûn-hòa bêng-siâⁿ, chôan-chhī lóng-chóng ū 16 êchôan-kok tiōng-tiàm bûn-bu̍t pó-hō· tan-ūi.
Siōng-hái chāi-tē ê bûn-hòa, hō͘ lâng kiò-chòe " hái-phái bûn-hòa ", te̍k-sek sī kāKang-Chiatê thôan-thóng bûn-hòa kahkū Siāng-háiêAu-Bíliû-hêng bûn-hòa chong-ha̍p chò-chi̍t-ē, hêng-sêng kài te̍k-pia̍t, kài sî-kiâⁿ ê hong-keh. Hiān-chú-sî ê Siōng-hái, mā ē-sái kóng sī chôan Tiong-kok siōng-kài pâi-chí, siōng-kài gōa-khùi ê siâⁿ-chhī.
Keng-chè hoat-tián mā tài-tāng bûn-hòa chìn-pō͘, kūn nî lâi, Siāng-hái-chhī kú-pān liáu chin chōe tōa-hêng ê kok-chè bûn-hòa o̍ah-tōng. Siāng-hái ū kúi-nā ūi kok-lāi siāng chán ê bûn-hoat tiûⁿ-só͘, pí-lūn kóng:
Siāng-hái ê kó͘ kiàn-tiok ôan-á chin ū te̍k-sek, tōa-to-sò· êhoan-á-lâupó-liû tio̍h 20 sè-kí chho·-kî se-iûⁿ kiàn-tiok ê hong-keh, iû-kî sī tī Siōng-hái Gōa-thoaⁿ (上海外灘) ê hit-phiànlâu-á-chhù, tn̂g-kî hō͘ lâng khòaⁿ-chò sī Siāng-hái ê phiau-chì.
2005 nî kàu-kah 2008 nî, Siāng-hái koh beh sio-liân-sòa kú-pān 3 kài êtāi-su-poebāng-kiûkong-khai-sài, múi nî 1 kài.
Thé-io̍k lú-iû, taⁿ í-keng chiâⁿ-chòe Siāng-hái-chhī ê chiau-pâi sán-gia̍p.
Siōng-hái-chhī taⁿ ū 800 gōa keng kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-só͘, 55 bān gōa kho-gián jîn-ôan. Chhut-miâ ê tāi-ha̍k īⁿ-hāu chin-chiàⁿ sī chē kah that-tó-ke. Khah chú-ià—ê sī: