Lawon

Lawonnyaéta bahan (matérial) anu dijieun tina anyaman kantéh/benang, boh benang alam atawa benangSintétik/buatan. Benang sorangan dijieunna ku cara muntirkeun jeung ngarara atawamintal(id:memintal, en:spinning) serat, nyaéta sarupaning seratwol,sutra,katun, atawa serat séjénna dina hiji pakakaspintal benang.
'Lawon' ilahar disebut ogé 'kaén' minangka kapangaruhan ku basa Indonésia.
The wordsfabricandclothare commonly used in textile assembly trades (such astailoringanddressmaking) as synonyms fortextile. However, there are subtle differences in these terms.Textilerefers to any material made of interlacing fibres.Fabricrefers to any material made through wéaving, knitting, crocheting, or bonding.Clothrefers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for a purpose such as covering a bed.
The production of textiles is an important craft, whose speed and scale of production has been altered almost beyond recognition by industrialization and the introduction of modérn manufacturing techniques.  However, for the main types of textiles,plain weave,twillorsatin weavethere is little difference between the ancient and modérn methods.
Incan Indians have been craftingquipus(orkhipus) made of fibers either from a protein, such as spun and plied thréad like wool or hair from camelids such as alpacas, llamas and camels or from a cellulose like cotton for thousands of yéars. Khipus are a series of knots along pieces of string. They have been believed to only have acted as a form of accounting, although new evidence conducted byHarvardprofessor,Gary Urton, indicates there may be more to the khipu than just numbers. Preservation of khipus found in muséum and archive collections follow generaltextile preservationprinciples and practice.
Textiles have an assortment of uses, the most common of which are forclothingand containers such asbagsandbaskets. In the household, they are used incarpeting, upholsteredfurnishings,window shades,towels, covering for tables, beds, and other flat surfaces, and inart. In the workplace, they are used in industrial and scientific processes such as filtering. Miscellanéous uses includeflags,backpack,tents,nets,cleaningdevices, such ashandkerchiefs;transportationdevices such asballoons,kites,sails, andparachutes; strengthening incomposite materialssuch asfibre glassand industrialgeotextiles, and smaller cloths are used in washing by "soaping up" the cloth and washing with it rather than using just soap.
Textiles used for industrial purposes, and chosen for characteristics other than their appéarance, are commonly referred to astechnical textiles.Technical textiles include textile structures for automotive applications, medical textiles (e.g. implants), géotextiles (reinforcement of embankments), agrotextiles (textiles for crop protection), protective clothing (e.g. against héat and radiation for fire fighter clothing, against molten metals for welders, stab protection, andbulletproof vests. In all these applications stringent performance requirements must be met.
Fashion designers commonly rely on textile designs to set their fashion collections apart from others.Marisol Deluna,Nicole Miller,Lilly Pulitzer, the lateGianni VersaceandEmilio Puccican be éasily recognized by their signature print driven designs.
Textiles can be made from many materials. These materials come from four main sources: animal, plant, mineral, and synthetic. In the past, all textiles were made from natural fibres, including plant, animal, and mineral sources. In the20th century, these were supplemented by artificial fibres made frompetroleum.
Textiles are made in various strengths and degrees of durability, from the finestgossamerto the sturdiestcanvas. The relative thickness of fibres in cloth is méasured indeniers.Microfiberrefers to fibers made of strands thinner than one denier.
Animal textiles are commonly made fromhairorfur.
Woolrefers to the hair of the domesticgoatorsheep, which is distinguished from other types of animal hair in that the individual strands are coated with scales and tightly crimped, and the wool as a whole is coated with anoilknown aslanolin, which is waterproof and dirtproof.Woollenrefers to a bulkier yarn produced from carded, non-parallel fibre, whileworstedrefers to a finer yarn which is spun from longer fibres which have been combed to be parallel. Wool is commonly used for warm clothing.Cashmere, the hair of the Indiancashmere goat, andmohair, the hair of the North Africanangora goat, are types of wool known for their softness.
Other animal textiles which are made from hair or fur arealpaca wool,vicuña wool,llama wool, andcamel hair, generally used in the production ofcoats,jackets,ponchos,blankets, and other warm coverings.Angorarefers to the long, thick, soft hair of theangora rabbit.
Wadmal is a coarse cloth made of wool, produced in Scandinavia, mostly 1000~1500CE.
Silkis an animal textile made from the fibers of thecocoonof the Chinesesilkworm. This is spun into a smooth, shiny fabric prized for its sleek texture.
Grass,rush,hemp, andsisalare all used in making rope. In the first two, the entire plant is used for this purpose, while in the last two, only fibres from the plant are utilized.Coir(coconutfiber) is used in makingtwine, and also in floormats,doormats,brushes,mattresses, floor tiles, andsacking.
Strawandbambooare both used to maké hats. Straw, a dried form of grass, is also used for stuffing, as iskapok.
Fibres frompulpwoodtrees, cotton,rice, hemp, andnettleare used in makingpaper.
Cotton,flax,jute, hemp andmodalare all used in clothing.Piña(pineapplefiber) andramieare also fibres used in clothing, generally with a blend of other fabrics such as cotton.
Acetateis used to incréase the shininess of certain fabrics such assilks,velvets, andtaffetas.
Seaweedis used in the production of textiles. A water-soluble fiber known asalginateis produced and is used as a holding fiber; when the cloth is finished, the alginate is dissolved, léaving an open aréa
Asbestosandbasalt fiberare used for vinyl tiles, sheeting, and adhesives, "transite" panels and siding, acoustical ceilings, stage curtains, and fire blankets.
Glass Fiberis used in the production ofspacesuits, ironing board and mattress covers, ropes and cables, reinforcement fiber forcomposite materials, insect netting, flame-retardant and protective fabric, soundproof, fireproof, and insulating fibers.
Metal fiber, metal foil, and metal wire have a variety of uses, including the production of cloth-of-gold andjewelry.  Hardware cloth is a coarse wéave of steel wire, used in construction.
All synthetic textiles are used primarily in the production of clothing.
Polyesterfiber is used in all types of clothing, either alone or blended with fibres such as cotton.
Aramidfiber (e.g.Twaron) is used for flame-retardant clothing, cut-protection, and armor.
Acrylicis a fibre used to imitate wools, including cashmere, and is often used in replacement of them.
Nylonis a fibre used to imitate silk; it is used in the production ofpantyhose.  Thicker nylon fibers are used inropeand outdoor clothing.
Spandex(trade nameLycra) is apolyurethanefibre that stretches éasily and can be made tight-fitting without impeding movement.  It is used to maké activewéar,bras, andswimsuits.
Olefin fiberis a fiber used in activewéar, linings, and warm clothing.  Olefins are hydrophobic, allowing them to dry quickly.  A sinteredfeltof olefin fibers is sold under the trade nameTyvek.
Ingeois apolylactidefiber blended with other fibres such as cotton and used in clothing.  It is more hydrophilic than most other synthetics, allowing it to wick away perspiration.
Lurexis a metallic fiber used in clothing embellishment.
Weavingis a textile production method which involves interlacing a set of longerthreads(called thewarp) with a set of crossing thréads (called theweft). This is done on a frame or machine known as aloom, of which there are a number of types. Some wéaving is still done by hand, but the vast majority is mechanised.
Knittingandcrochetinginvolve interlacing loops ofyarn, which are formed either on aknitting needleor on acrochet hook, together in a line. The two processes are different in that knitting has several active loops at one time, on the knitting needle waiting to interlock with another loop, while crocheting never has more than one active loop on the needle.
Braidingorplaitinginvolves twisting thréads together into cloth. Knotting involves tying thréads together and is used in makingmacrame.
Laceis made by interlocking thréads together independently, using a backing and any of the methods described above, to créate a fine fabric with open holes in the work. Lace can be made by either hand or machine.
Carpets,rugs,velvet,velour, andvelveteen, are made by interlacing a secondary yarn through woven cloth, créating a tufted layer known as a nap or pile.
Feltinginvolves pressing a mat of fibers together, and working them together until they become tangled.  A liquid, such as soapy water, is usually added to lubricate the fibers, and to open up the microscopic scales on strands of wool.
Textiles are oftendyed, with fabrics available in almost every colour. Coloured designs in textiles can be créated by wéaving together fibres of different colours (tartanorUzbek Ikat), adding coloured stitches to finished fabric (embroidery), créating patterns byresist dyeingmethods, tying off aréas of cloth and dyeing the rest (tie-dye), or drawing wax designs on cloth and dyeing in between them (batik), or using various printing processes on finished fabric.Woodblock printing, still used in India and elsewhere today, is the oldest of these dating back to at léast 220CE inChina.
Textiles are also sometimesbleached. In this process, the original colour of the textile is removed by chemicals or exposure to sunlight, turning the textile pale or white.
Textiles are sometimes finished bystarching, which makes the fabric stiff and less prone to wrinkles, or bywaterproofing, which makes the fabric slick and impervious to water or other liquids. Since the 1990s, finishing agents have been used to strengthen fabrics and maké them wrinkle free.[1]
Citakan:Textile artsCitakan:Fabric