davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Kiran Rao

Kiran Rao(born 7 November 1973) is an Indian filmmaker who works inHindicinema. She has directed the filmsDhobi Ghat(2011) andLaapataa Ladies(2024). In 2016, Rao co-foundedPaani Foundation, a non-profit organisation.
Kiran Rao was born on 7 November 1973 inBengaluru,daughter of retired army officer C R Rao and Uma Rao.She grew up inCalcutta, where she attendedLoreto House&La Martinière for Girls.In 1992, her parents decided to leave Calcutta for Bangalore so she moved toMumbaifor undergraduate studies. She graduated with an economics major from theSophia College for Womenin 1995.She attended the Social Communications Media course at the Sophia Polytechnic for two months, but then quit and left forDelhi. She got her master's degree at AJK Mass Communication Research Centre atJamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
ActressAditi Rao Hydariis Rao's first cousin. Rao's paternal and Hydari's maternal grandfather,J. Rameshwar Rao,was theRaja of Wanaparthy, a large estate under theNizam of Hyderabad.
Rao started her career as the assistant director in theepic filmLagaandirected byAshutosh Gowariker, whom she also assisted later onSwades: We, the People.Lagaanwas nominated for74th Academy Awardsin the foreign language film category.Aamir Khanproduced and starred in the same film. BeforeLagaan, she has also done minute role of supporting actress inDil Chahta Hai.She also worked as second assistant director withAcademy Award-nominated directorMira Nairon the indie hitMonsoon Wedding.
She scripted and directed the filmDhobi Ghat, which was released in January 2011 under Aamir Khan Productions.She has started writing her next film which had roots in Kolkata.
Kiran Rao was made the chairperson of the Mumbai Film Festival - MAMI in 2015.She also sang aMarathisong 'Toofan Aalaya', the Satyamev Jayate Water Cup Anthem.
In 2024, her filmLaapataa Ladieswas selected as theIndian entryfor theBest International Feature Filmfor the97th Academy Awards.
Rao married actorAamir Khanin December 2005, after Khan divorced his first wife Reena Dutta in 2002. They met on the sets ofLagaan. Rao was one of the film's assistant directors. They were living inBandra, a Mumbai suburb.The couple have a son, Azad Rao Khan, born in December 2011 (through asurrogatemother) who has been named afterAbul Kalam Azad.
Rao has been a vegan, and she had influenced her then-husband, Aamir Khan, to turn vegan as well. After discussing the issue, both of them decided to turn vegan.
On 3 July 2021, Kiran Rao and Aamir Khan announced their decision to divorce after 15 years of marriage via a joint statement where they thanked their family and friends for their continuous support in this matter. They stated that they would continue to raise their son as co-parents.
Solo garlic

Solo garlic, also known assingle clove garlic,chinese garlic,monobulb garlic,single bulb garlic, orpearl garlic,is a type ofAllium sativum(garlic).The size of the single clove varies from approximately 25 to 50 mm in diameter, with an average size between 35 and 45 mm.It has the flavour of the garlic clove but is somewhat milder and slightly perfumed. The appearance is akin to that of a pickling onion, with white skin and often purple stripes. Compared to traditional garlic, solo garlic offers the advantage of being easy to peel quickly.
Single clove garlic originated in the mountainousYunnanprovince of southwesternChina.It is not a single variety of garlic, but rather a product of specific planting practices.As a result, single cloved versions of other garlic species such asAllium nigrumandAllium ampeloprasumare also available.
Small bulbs of solo garlic can be obtained by planting thebulbilsof any variety of garlic.However, commercial production comes from areas where garlic is likely to produce a solo bulb due to environmental factors.The climate in these areas, combined with careful cultivation, leads to a large percentage of the garlic crop failing to split into multiple cloves.
Solo garlic is believed to have originated in Yunnan, China, a mountainous area. The product is known as独子蒜"only-child garlic".
Fura (food)

Furaordoonuis a type of food originating fromWest Africa'sSahelregion and that is popular among theZarma-Songhai,FulaniandHausapeoples of the Sahel.It is amilletdough ball, with "fura" meaning millet ball. It is also eaten inNigerandGhana.The millet is ground into a powdered form, rolled and molded into balls, then mashed and mixed withNono- a fermented milk.The combination of fura and nono is known as Fura Da Nono, a locally-made drink that contains carbohydrate and fiber.The fura food and the fura da nono drink are popular inNorthern Nigeria. They are served on special occasions and as a meal in the afternoon.
Fura, popularly known in Nigeria as Fura de Nunu, which was once seen as a local meal, has gradually evolved into a growing enterprise that involves modernized processing methods and production.
Burger Theory

Burger Theorywas a chain of hamburger restaurants based inAdelaide, South Australia. Founded as afood truckin 2011, they expanded to operate three stores in the state. In 2019, they reduced business to a single store following changes to their recipe, then were later absorbed into The Tavern,Flinders University's on-campus student bar.
Founded in 2011 by Dan Mendelson and Rob Dean as a food truck,the company is credited with bringing the food truck movement to South Australia.They started before theAdelaide City Councilhad legislation regarding food trucks in place,preventing the truck from working on city streets.However, a pilot program was created by the council later that year permitting Burger Theory to operate on a limited number of street sites in thecentral business district.
In 2012, Mendelson and Dean opened Pearl's Diner as their firstbrick and mortarpremises,before opening a dedicated Burger Theory store in Adelaide the following year.They subsequently opened outlets atFlinders Universityand theUniversity of Adelaide.In late 2015 they opened a store inMelbourne,but this proved unsuccessful.Still looking to expand, in 2016 they signed a memorandum of understanding with a Chinese investor in which it was planned to open 120 franchises of Burger Theory in China.
In 2017, they announced that they would no longer sell chicken and bacon at their store, and their existing beef burgers would be a combination of beef fat andkangaroo meat.
In 2019, Burger Theory closed two stores, with one remaining.The final store was later rebranded underFlinders University's The Tavern student bar.
34°55′22″S138°36′31″E﻿ / ﻿34.922878°S 138.608659°E﻿ /-34.922878; 138.608659
Port of Taichung

ThePort of Taichung(Chinese:臺中港), alsoTaichung Port, is aportlocated inWuqi District,Taichung,Taiwan. It is the second-largest port in Taiwan afterKaohsiung Portand operated byTaiwan International Ports Corporation, Taiwan's state-owned harbor management company.
The port covers an area of 3,793 ha (9,370 acres),and includes industrial,fishing, and business ports.It is 12.5 km (7.8 mi)-long and 2.5 to 4.5 km wide.It can accommodate vessels of up to 60,000 tons, and in June 2000 earned anISO-9001rating.The port still has hundreds of hectares left of undeveloped space.
The harbor is located 110 nautical miles fromKeelung Portand 120 nautical miles fromKaohsiung Port.In 2010, the harbor surpassed Keelung Port to become the second-largest port in Taiwan.Total investment has toppedNT$457.5 billion (US$15.3 billion) by 59 companies, while thirty firms have established operations within its free-trade zone.Compared to 2010, total cargo processed has grown 21% while containers handled grew 13.92%.The port has seen growingluxury carshipments in 2010, indicating signs of economic recovery for the island.
The future development plan of Taichung Port includes a commercial port expansion plan and an industrial port development plan, which will be gradually implemented in line with the development of international shipping. The goal is that Taichung Port will become an international port with 78 terminals.
In August 1968, preliminary research into a new port started.By July 1969, it was decided to make Taichung Port into a new international port, with construction starting on 1 February 1971.The port first opened on 31 October 1976.The port was part of theTen Major Construction Projectsproposed byPremierChiang Ching-kuo.
Taichung Port currently has 58 terminals with automated unloading and storage equipments. It includes the following:
Coastal Recreation Zone, Fishery Zone:Wuqi Fishing Portand the Taichung Marine Ecological Aquarium (台中海洋生態館) (under construction)
Food Processing Zone
Port Service Zone (I): Port services, quarantine and other related and auxiliary facilities.
Port Service Zone (II): Port office, Taichung Port Passenger Terminal.
Logistic & Warehousing Area: Taichung Port Technology Industrial Park of theMinistry of Economic Affairs.
Power Plant Zone (I):Taichung Power Plantand related auxiliary facilities.
Power Plant Zone (II): low-polluting power plants or wind power generators.
Petrochemical Industrial Zone (I~IV)
Industrial Zone
Free Trade Zone: The Port's volume of goods in the Free Trade Zone in 2013 was 12,637,515 metric tons, ranking first in Taiwan
Mitsui Outlet Park Taichung
The port can be reached by bus, rail, or road.
Fengyuan District

Fengyuan District(Chinese:豐原區) is adistrictlocated in north-centralTaichung,Taiwanon the south bank of theDajia River. Fengyuan district is the third most populated district among former Taichung County, ranking after Dali and Taiping district. Fengyuan was recognized as Huludun in early times, meaning "gourd" in Chinese, for a gourd-shape pile of mud that was found in Fengyuan by the aborigines. The rice produced in Fengyuan is famous for its high quality and the bakery industry prospered in later decades. Because of its location of the intersection ofTaiwan Railways AdministrationWestern Trunk lineandDongshibranch line, Fengyuan quickly expanded after World War II. It soon became one of the regions with great economic and cultural development in central Taiwan. After the merger of Taichung City and Taichung County in 2010, population and economic growth slowed slightly. so recently, fengyuan faces the challenge of being marginalized .
Before the arrival of theHan Chinese, the area of that is now Fengyuan was inhabited byTaiwanese aborigines. Their name for the area, meaning "thriving pine forest", was transcribed intoChinese charactersas泰耶爾墩. Before the mid-18th century, the area was a territory of thePazeh people, which they calledHaluton. This name was adapted intoHokkienasHaloton(Chinese:葫蘆墩;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Hô͘-lô͘-tun;lit.'gourd mound').
Han immigration to the area began during lateQing rule.Liu Mingchuangave the area a nickname of "littleSuzhou" due to its prosperity and scenic beauty.
In 1905, duringJapanese rule, theHolotunStation was erected, putting the area along a main thoroughfare. In 1920, theGovernor-General of Taiwangave the town its name,Toyohara(Japanese:豐原), meaning flourishingplain.Emperor Meiji,Emperor Taishō, and EmperorHirohitoatericesupplied from Toyohara until 1953.
After World War II in 1945, the area was renamed to Fengyuan and was organized as anurban townshipofTaichung County. In 1950, it was made the capital of the county from the former capitalYuanlinafter the separation ofChanghua CountyandNantou CountyfromTaichung County. On 1 March 1976, Fengyuan was upgraded to acounty-administered citydue to its population. On 25 December 2010, Taichung County was merged with Taichung City and Fengyuan was upgraded to adistrictof thecitywithXitun Districtas the capital of the city.
The restaurant chainKLGhas its headquarters in Fengyuan District.In the 1970s, citizens created the Miaodong Night Market (廟東夜市), that is full of Taiwanesestreet foods.
The district is also home to theFengyuan Museum of Lacquer Artand theTaichung Municipal City Huludun Cultural Center.
Fengyuan District is accessible fromTRAFengyuan Station.
Taichung City Second Market

Taichung City Second Market(Chinese:臺中市第二市場;pinyin:Táizhōngshì Dì'èr Shìchǎng), formerlyShintomichō Market, is apublic marketlocated inCentral District,Taichung, Taiwan that is known for its local cuisine.
Taichung City Second Market was built in 1917 by theJapanese colonial governmentas the second out of five planned marketplaces in Taichung. Like the first market (currently ASEAN Square), the Second Market was built with three wings extending radially from the center. The market was located in Shintomichō, whose residents were mostly Japanese; hence, it was known as the "Japanese market". The Second Market sold higher-end food and clothing for its affluent customers. During this time, the market also sold fruit and vegetableswholesale.
The market was already too small during the Japanese era, and the trend worsened when theKuomintang took over. Therefore, additional buildings were built around the original and completely surrounded it.However, the market's commercial importance diminished with the westward shift of the city'scentral business district, the arrival ofdepartment stores, and the construction of public markets specifically for wholesale fruit and vegetables.
In the late 20th century, the market transitioned into a tourist attraction known for its wide offerings ofTaiwanese cuisine. Renovation projects also helped improve the "dirty" public image of the market.One stall sellingba-waninside the market is mentioned in theMichelin Guide.
The market has a total floor space of 2,388pingand has a total of 331 vendors inside (54 stores, 150 permanent stalls, 107 temporary stalls).The market is composed of a Japanese-era structure with three wings surrounded by street-facingqilouon all sides. The original Japanese building is built of brick, a style popular during theTaishō era.In the middle of the three wings, there is a two-story hexagonal tower, which was once the tallest structure in Taichung and had a bell serving as a fire alarm. There are six hallways extending from the center in a radial fashion.
Fengjia Night Market

Fengjia Night MarketorFeng Chia Night Market(Chinese:逢甲夜市;pinyin:Féngjiǎ Yè Shì), also calledFengjia Shopping Town, is a night market inXitun District,Taichung,Taiwan. The market is located next toFeng Chia University. It was claimed to be the largest night market in Taiwan.
Fengjia night market was established in 1963, established along with Feng Chia College of Engineering and Business (nowFeng Chia University), the rising of the popularity stimulated the business of the nearby residential military dependents' village.  Food/drink stands and restaurants were established along Wen-hua road (thus the night market is also calledWenhua night market), then expanding to Fengjia road (逢甲路), Fuxing road (福星路), Xi'an street (西安街) etc.
On 5 October 2006, a managing committee ofFengjia Shopping Town(逢甲購物商城) has been established by the Department of Economic Development of Taichung (台中市經濟發展處),covering the surrounding areas such as Feng Chia night market, Bento street, etc., thus bringing the originally unlicensed operation of the night market under the office governance of Taichung city.
In November 2015, the night market was commended by theMinistry of Economic Affairsfor its excellency in management, friendliness to tourists and sustainable practices to the environment.
Next to Feng Chia University. (逢甲大學)
Martin Yan

Martin Yan(Chinese:甄文達; born 22 December 1948) is aChinese-Americanchefandfood writer. He has hosted his award-winningPBS-TVcooking showYan Can Cooksince 1982.
With ancestral roots inHoiping, Yan was born inGuangzhou,Guangdong,Chinato arestaurateurfather and agrocermother. Yan began to cook at the age of 12. When he was 13, he moved toHong Kong, where he attended theMunsang CollegeinKowloon City. During this time in Munsang College, he worked at his uncle's Chinese restaurant and learned the traditional method ofChinese barbecue. He received a diploma from the Overseas Institute of Cookery of Hong Kong and later left for Canada for continued study. Ten years after his arrival in North America, Yan received aMaster of Science degreeinfood sciencefromUniversity of California, Davis, in 1975.
He is not related toChinese-CanadianchefStephen YanofWok With Yan, though for a year in the 1970s, Martin Yan worked for Stephen Yan who trained him as one of Stephen Yan's 'Flying Squad' of six chefs who flew across Canada to do demonstrations in Chinese cooking for events like theCalgary Stampede, theKlondike Daysin Edmonton and houseware demonstrations atHudson's Bay Companystores.
Yan began teaching Chinese cooking for a college extension program. While inCalgaryhelping a friend open a restaurant he appeared on a talk show on CFAC-TV, (nowCICT-DT), to do a cooking segment resulting in his being asked back repeatedly. This led to 250 daily editions of his  original seriesYan Canbeing produced  and syndicated from CFAC for four years until moving toKQEDinSan Franciscoin 1982 becomingYan Can Cook.
He has hosted over 3,500 episodes of thePBScooking showYan Can Cooksince 1982. His shows have been broadcast in over 50 countries.He currently hostsMartin Yan – Quick & Easy. He also hostsMartin Yan's Chinatowns, where he toursChinatownsaround the globe as well as "Martin Yan's Hidden China."
Yan has opened a chain of Yan Can Restaurants and founded the Yan Can International Cooking School inSan Francisco.He has written over two dozen cookbooks.TheAmerican Culinary Federationhas designated him a Master Chef.
Yan is one of the lead actors of theSingapore/Hong Kong filmRice Rhapsody(海南雞飯, 2005).
In 2007, he supported and endorsed the establishment of theWorld Association of Master Chefs.
He has appeared as a guest judge on several episodes ofIron Chef Americaand appeared on the cartoon talk showSpace Ghost Coast to Coast. He also appeared as a guest judge on the Season 10 finale ofTop Chefas well as a Season 11 episode ofHell's Kitchen.
He is not related to Chinese Canadian chefStephen Yanof theCBC TelevisionseriesWok with Yan, though Martin was an employee and had worked for Stephen Yan in the 1980s as demonstrator for Stephen's products.
In 2023, Yan said that he planned on reopening his M.Y. China restaurantin San Francisco. He said that he had considering reopening the restaurant in the former home of Cathay House restaurant (which was closed in 2018).
David Lee (photographer)

David Christopher Lee(born July 21, 1982) is an Americanphotographerandfilm directorknown for capturingfashion,celebrities, entertainment, food, and art. As aChinese Americanphotographer, Lee incorporates his cultural aesthetic into his contemporary American perspective on history.
Lee was born into a (Taishan) Chinese American family at Whittier Presbyterian Hospital inWhittier, California. He has two younger sisters, Krystal, co-founder and president of Club Green Volleyball Club inSouthern California, and Ashley, a Californiavolleyballchampionand co-founder of Club Green Volleyball Club. Lee's father, Norman, is a former high school teacher and co-founder of Graphic Motion in partnership with Lee's mother, Jeanie, who is the company’s CEO.Lee graduated fromGlen A. Wilson High School, inHacienda Heights, California, and graduated from theUniversity of California, Berkeley.
Lee's interest in popular culture and entertainment gossip led him to pursue journalism and photography. At the age of seventeen, Lee photographed for 17 Magazine,Teen Choice Awards,Nickelodeon,Britney Spears,Beyoncéand'N Sync.
In 1999, Lee began his career in theentertainment industryas a photographer on thered carpet.Lee's work can be seen on theLas Vegas Strip, and in New York'sTimes Square.Lee is the co-founder of TDink Magazine with Bay Area graphic designer Tiffany Chin,and has started many other publications, such as dTownLA.com, destinationluxury.com, davidsguide.com and Thebiohack.Recently Lee has directed and produced Short Films forZac Posen,Jill StuartandLee Daniels.
So Good (TV series)

So Good(Chinese:蘇GOOD) is a 2008 till 2010 cooking series/variety program produced byTVBand WellFit Productiopns Ltd., also sponsored byTown Gas. This is the first TVB program that had an outsourced production company.
Originally intended to be a 10 series cooking series,So Goodbecame a hit amongst audiences in Hong Kong and abroad resulting in additional episodes added with 99 episodes total when the series ended. The show is hosted bySo Sze Wongand the 99 episodes aired from 22 September 2008 to 2 October 2009.
So was a popularCable TV Hong Kongcooking show before she was signed on withTVB. She is also a local radio DJ.
88.1 FMDJTaishan(泰山) is a former co-host of the program, but he disappears in later episodes. So also parts way with assistantKendy Lee, a former model.
The show features Cantonese cuisine fromHong Kong,MacauandChina. The show consists of two segments, the first introduces the ingredients and the second consists of the actual process of cooking of the ingredients.
Most of the show is taped in studio, but there are scenes from locations across Hong Kong and a few from Macau.
Aired onTVB, the series are now available on DVD. It is also aired in China and overseas (Canadaand theUnited States).
Television Broadcast Limited ©MMVIII  (http://www.tvb.com)
Mountain jet

Mountain jetsare a type ofjet streamcreated by surface winds channeled through mountain passes, sometimes causing high wind speeds and drastic temperature changes.
The North Pacific east of about 120°W is strongly influenced by winds blowing through gaps in the Central American cordillera. Air flow in the region forms theIntra-Americas Low-Level Jet, a westward flow about 1 km above sea level. This flow, trade winds, and cold air flowing south from North America contribute to winds flowing through several mountain valleys.
AlongCentral Americaare three main wind jets through breaks in theAmerican Cordillera, on thePacific Oceanside due to prevailing winds.
The air flow is due to surges of cold dense air originating from theNorth Americancontinent.
The meteorological mechanism that causes Tehuano and Papagayo winds is relatively simple. In the winter, cold high-pressure weather systems move southward from North America over the Gulf of Mexico. These high pressure systems create strong pressure gradients between the atmosphere over the Gulf of Mexico and the warmer, moister atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. Just as a river flows from high elevations to lower elevations, the air in the high pressure system will flow "downhill" toward lower pressure, but the Cordillera mountains block the flow of air, channeling it throughChivela Passin Mexico, the lake district of Nicaragua, and also Gaillard (Culebra) Cut in Panama. Many times, a Tehuano wind is followed by Papagayo and Panama winds a few days later as the high pressure system moves south.
The arrival of these cold surges, and their associated anticyclonic circulation, strengthens the trade winds at low latitudes, and this effect can last for several days. The wind flow over Central America is actually composed of the confluence of two air streams; one from the north, associated with cold surges, and the other from the northeast, associated with trade winds north ofSouth America.
The winds blow at speeds of 80 km/h or more down the hillsides fromChivela Passand over the waters of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, sometimes extending more than 500 miles (800 km) into the Pacific Ocean. The surface waters under the Gulf of Tehuantepec wind jet can cool by as much as 10 °C in a day. In addition to the cold water that is detectable from other satellite sensors, the ocean's response to these winds shows up in satellite estimates of chlorophyll from ocean color measurements. The cold water and high chlorophyll concentration are signatures of mixing and upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich deep water. Fish converge on this food source, which supports the highly successful fishing industry in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.
Texas Independence Day

Texas Independence Dayis the celebration of the adoption of theTexas Declaration of Independenceon March 2, 1836. With this document, signed by 59 delegates, settlers inMexican Texasofficially declared independence fromMexicoand created theRepublic of Texas.
It is not, however, an official state holiday whereby offices are closed, but instead a "partial staffing holiday": state offices are required to be open on that day but with reduced staffing.
Texas Independence day is a celebration of the adoption of theTexas Declaration of Independence. 59 Delegates signed the document in Washington on the Brazos, which is now referred to as the “birthplace of Texas,”and it made Mexican Texas into the Republic of Texas free from Mexican political influence. The Texas Declaration of Independence was based largely on the ideas of self government and natural rights from theAmerican Declaration of Independenceas well as the ideas of John Locke and other enlightenment figures.
The Declaration was in response to the Mexican Government and was issued during the Texas revolution.
The Convention President,Richard Ellis, appointed a committee to draft a declaration of Independence, and the committee chairman,George Childress, is credited with the authorship of the Texas Declaration of Independence with some help from the other committee members.
The day after the committee was created the Declaration was given to the convention to sign and over the following days 59 delegates for each of the settlements came to vote on the Declaration, and it was unanimously approved.
Today, Texas Independence Day is celebrated on March second every year and it honors the adoption of the Texas Declaration of Independence passed in 1836 by a convention of settlers in the Texan area and it includes many forms of entertainment. The biggest celebrations on Texas Independence Day include historical reenactments and visits to major museums and memorials of famous battles and events in the Texan Revolution for Independence from Mexico.This includes battles such as the Battle of San Jacinto and the Alamo, as well as celebrations of Texan culture and life during the time of the revolution.Other celebrations of Texan culture are readings of famous Texan poems.Other events include a parade in Austin Texasas well as racing events and competitions in honor of Texas Independence Day.Rodeos are also held in Texas to celebrate the day as it pertains to Texan culture.Some firework displays are also present on this day.Events can also include music from live concerts along with performances and games such as Texas hold 'em.Other competitions include food competitions such as Chili cook offsand cigar rolling to celebrate the day, and in many restaurants and events, Texan food is served. Texans also participate in drinking and alcohol in Texas in honor of the day as well,and some stores also have sales and sweepstakes to honor the day.One notable celebration is in Huntsville Texas where visitors can be baptized a Texan by kneeling in front of Sam Houston's memorial and receive pond water across their forehead.
Texas Tommy (food)

TheTexas Tommyis an Americanhot dogdish fromPhiladelphiaand thePhiladelphia metro area, consisting of a hot dog prepared withbaconandcheese. Despite the name, it was invented in the 1950s inPottstown, Pennsylvania, a town right outside Philadelphia. It may be cooked by various methods, such as grilling and deep frying, and some variations exist. The Texas Tommy became a common dish inPhiladelphia, theDelaware Valley, andSouth Jersey, and it is a menu item at various restaurants and hot dog restaurants in the United States.
The Texas Tommy was invented in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, in the 1950s and was a popular dish among 1950s housewives.The origin of the dish's name is unclear, and it has been suggested that its name may have been devised per the "general branding of hot dogs as "Texan" on the East Coast."
The Texas Tommy is prepared by slicing a hot dog lengthwise to split it; cheese is placed within the slit; and the hot dog is then wrapped in bacon, secured with toothpicks, and cooked and served on a warmed or toasted bun.Cheddar cheese or American cheese may be used, and some versions are prepared usingCheez Whiz.In the 1950s,Velveetawas sometimes used in their preparation.Some versions are prepared by topping a hot dog with bacon and cheese. It may be cooked bybarbecuing,grilling,broilingordeep frying.Additional condiments may be used,such as mustard, ketchupand relish. Some versions may have a high cholesteroland fat content.
The Texas Tommy is a common dish atdinersandgreasy spoonsin Philadelphia, eastern Pennsylvania, and southern New Jersey.The dish's availability is widespread at restaurants in Philadelphia, and somecheesesteakrestaurants in Philadelphia also offer the dish.Little Pete's restaurant, located in theCenter Citydistrict of Philadelphia, was well known for serving the dish.The Texas Tommy has been served at baseball games atCitizens Bank Parkin Philadelphia, and in 2012, the dish was listed on theSerious Eatslist of The Craziest Major League Baseball Hot Dogs of 2012.The version served at Citizens Bank Park included the addition of chili.Additionally, somehot dog restaurantsin other areas of the United States include the Texas Tommy on their menus.
North Texas Food Bank

TheNorth Texas Food Bank(NTFB) is a social benefit organization located inPlano, Texas. The organization distributes donated, purchased and prepared foods through a network of nearly 1,000 feeding programs and 400 Partner Agencies in 13 North Texas counties.
The North Texas Food Bank was established in 1982 by Liz Minyard (prior owner of theMinyard's Food Storeschain), Kathryn Hall, Jo Curtis and Lorraine Griffin Kircher. Their goal was to address the critical issue of hunger inNorth Texasby securing donations of surplus unmarketable, but wholesome, foods and grocery products for distribution through a network of charitable organizations in 13North Texascounties: Dallas, Denton, Collin, Fannin, Rockwall, Hunt, Grayson, Kaufman, Ellis, Navarro, Lamar, Delta and Hopkins. In the first year of operation, the Food Bank distributed 400,000 pounds of food.
The North Texas Food Bank is a certified member ofFeeding America, and based on distribution North Texas Food Bank is ranked 8th nationally among Feeding America food banks.
Since 1982, NTFB claims to have distributed more than half a billion pounds of food.
The North Texas Food Bank allocates all donations by using only 6% of all resources for fundraising and administrative costs which allows 94 cents of every dollar donated to reach the hungry.Both donated and purchased product are stored in their main warehouse location in Plano, the Perot Family Campus, which they moved into in September 2018.
An estimated 31,000 individuals volunteer their time at NTFB each year.
Foreign relations of Timor-Leste

After thereferendumon independence on 30 August 1999,Timor-Lestebecame an independent nation on 20 May 2002 and began initiating diplomatic relations with the rest of the global community.
The foreign policy of Timor-Leste has been defined by its position as a small state surrounded by two much larger powers. Rather than formally aligning with any particular state or bloc, Timor-Leste has sought a diverse set of positive relationships. Upon independence foreign policy was shaped byJosé Ramos-Horta, who has previously campaigned internationally for East Timorese independence. Ramos-Horta was a proponent ofInternationalism, and held sway until 2012. Following elections in 2012, leaders such asXanana GusmãoandTaur Matan Ruakpursued a slightly more nationalistic foreign policy.
Timor-Leste has pursued membership in a variety of multilateral forums, positioning itself as a reliable international actor. This promotion ofinternational lawis tied to the countries own security needs. Its broad global relations are shaped by its history, with its ties outside of its immediate region influenced by Catholicism, and by Portuguese colonial history. Regionally, its relations are influenced by cultural links to nearby regions, as well by the need to ensure security and independence in the light of the power imbalance between Timor-Leste and its neighbours, Australia and Indonesia.Upon independence, it sought membership ofASEAN, despite historical ASEAN support of the Indonesian position and cultural links withMelanesiathat were part of the East Timorese identity.
Timor-Leste is one of the only countries inSoutheast Asiathat is not a member ofAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN). However, Timor-Leste has expressed its intention of gaining observer status to ASEAN in July 2002 and in 2006 it was considered six years to join.However, Timor-Leste has attended many meetings of ASEAN regardless. In 2007 Timor-Leste signed the ASEAN Treaty on Amity and Co-operation.
List of countries which Timor-Leste maintains diplomatic relations with:
Vermont Creamery

Vermont Creameryis acreameryandartisanal cheeseand butter-maker inWebsterville, Vermont, USA.It was founded in 1984 by business partners Allison Hooper and Bob Reese.Previously known as theVermont Butter and Cheese Company, the company adopted its current name in 2013.
The creamery produces a variety of fresh and aged dairy products from cows' andgoats' milk. Cow cream and butter products sold by the company arecrème fraîche, crème fraîche-vanillaandcultured butter. Cows' fresh cheese products sold by the company arefromage blanc,mascarponeandquark. Goats' aged cheese products sold by the company are bijou,Bonne Bouche, Coupole and Cremont. Goats' fresh cheese products sold by the company are creamygoat cheese,feta, freshcrottin, fresh goat cheese and fresh goat cheese-crumbled.
Cows' milk is sourced from the St. Albans Cooperative Creamery inSt. Albans, Vermont, while goats' milk is sourced from approximately 20 Vermont farms and Hewitt's Dairy inHagersville, Ontario, Canada. In 2012, Vermont Creamery launched the Ayers Brook Goat Dairy initiative, with the goal of becoming the first goat dairydemonstration farmin the United States.
The company was initially based inBrookfield, Vermont, where it began in a small barn by Hooper's house, before moving to larger premises in Websterville in 1989.In 2014, the Creamery employed approximately 45 individuals.
The company introduced theFrenchfromage blancto the United States and is well known for this cheese.TheBonne Bouche, another signature product, is an "ash-dusted" goats' cheese.
On March 29, 2017, Hooper announced they were selling Vermont Creamery to Land O'Lakes.
44°10′17″N72°29′16″W﻿ / ﻿44.17139°N 72.48778°W﻿ /44.17139; -72.48778
Ehrmann Commonwealth Dairy

Commonwealth Dairy, LLC, formally known asEhrmann Commonwealth Dairy, LLCis a Vermont food company that produces yogurt and other products in United States facilities for sale under its own brand and for relabeling by other retailers. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lactalis US Yogurt Holding, Inc.
The company was founded as a partnership between Thomas Moffit and Benjamin Johnson, who formed the company after seeing strong demand for yogurt while working in the food service industry.They began searching for partners and funding for the project in 2008, and entered into a joint venture with Ehrmann in September 2009.In March 2010, with investment from Ehrmann, state and federal funding, and tax incentives from the state of Vermont, the company broke ground on a $32 million processing facility inBrattleboro, Vermont.The plant began production in March 2011.
In November 2012, Ehrmann Commonwealth began a $12 million expansion at the Brattleboro plant, increasing its size by 23,000 square feet (2,100 m) from the original 39,000 square feet (3,600 m).The project was completed in June 2013, increasing the workforce at the facility from 110 to over 140.For 2013, the company's estimated revenue was $70 million.
In October 2013, the company opened a second yogurt production plant inCasa Grande, Arizona, under the name Ehrmann Arizona Dairy, LLC.Constructed at a cost of $50 million and employing 110 people, the facility was built to distribute products to West Coast markets, while providing capacity to expand into the central United States.
In December 2016, Ehrmann Commonwealth announced a second expansion project in Brattleboro, relocating administrative offices in the production facility and other areas into a new central headquarters building to allow added manufacturing space in the existing plant.The $2 million project was partially financed by public funding, including $1 million from theWindham CountyEconomic Development program and various indirect incentives from local and state governments.
In July 2019, Ehrmann Commonwealth Dairy, LLC and Ehrmann Arizona Dairy, LLC were purchased by the French based food company, The GroupeLactalisand renamed Commonwealth Dairy, LLC and Casa Grande Dairy Products, LLC, respectively.
Commonwealth Dairy, LLC and Casa Grande Dairy Products, LLC producesyogurt,quarg(or quark), and other dairy products under its in-houseGreen Mountain Creamery,Liebe, andYo Yummybrands, as well as making yogurt for retailers to sell under their house brands.It also is a contract manufacturer for other brands that do not have production facilities.In 2016, the company produced around 75,000,000 pounds (34,000,000 kg) of yogurt.Its Green Mountain Creamery vanilla Greek yogurt was awarded first place prize at the 2012World Dairy ExpoDairy Product Championship Contest, and the brand's maple Greek yogurt was named the International Dairy Food Association's most innovative product in 2013.
42°49′38″N72°34′41″W﻿ / ﻿42.8272°N 72.5780°W﻿ /42.8272; -72.5780
Vermont Agency of Agriculture Food and Markets

TheVermont Agency of Agriculture Food and Markets(VAAFM) or sometimes colloquiallythe agriculture department,is aVermontexecutive agency (or cabinet agency). Its purpose is to develop and execute policy on farming, agriculture, food, and promoting and protecting the Vermont brand as related to food in the worldwide market. It aims to meet the needs of dairy farmers, beekeepers, orchardists, maple sugarmakers, and related industries. The VAAFM promotes agricultural trade and production, work to assure food safety, protect natural resources, and preserve the culture of rural communities.
Anson Tebbetts ofCabotis the agency's current secretary.
The VAAFM is organized into four divisions:
One role of the agency is the regulation and maintenance of quality. This goes hand in hand with the management of the Vermont brand as a reliable source of quality. While meeting allUnited States Department of Agriculturestandards, Vermont exceeds those standards in the areas of dairy and maple products.Maple syrupproduced in Vermont has a higher percentage of maple solids reflected in a higher weight per gallon than maple syrup from other U.S. states or Canada. Thebutterfatcontent of Vermontbutterexceeds USDA minimums and equals those of theFrench Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, the highest standards set by a national government.
Vermont-grown and -produced agricultural products meeting the agency's standards may display the Vermont Seal of Quality in its packaging and promotion.
In 2015, Act 64 required the agency to revise all Required Agricultural Practices to include small farms, nutrient storage (usually manure),soil health, buffer zones (from runoff areas), livestock exclusion, and nutrient management.
Gundisalvus of Amarante

Gundisalvus of Amarante, OP (Portuguese:Gonçalo de Amarante; 1187 – 10 January 1259) was aPortuguese Catholicpriest in theOrder of Preachers.He joined the order as a hermit after his return from a long pilgrimage that took him to both Rome and Jerusalem.Pope Pius IVbeatified him in 1561.
Gundisalvus was born in 1187 inPortugalto nobles. It was said at hisbaptismhe fixed his intense gaze upon thecrucifixas he was being carried to thebaptismal font.He was devoted toJesus Christin his childhood and decided to become apriest. TheArchbishop of Bragaordained Gundisalvus and the latter distributed his great wealth to his nephews.Gundisalvus worked in the parish of Saint Paio de Vizela and obtained leave so as to go to visit Rome and Jerusalem while leaving his nephew, also a priest, in charge of the parish. It was held that he returned from the pilgrimage after just over a decade.
Gundisalvus visited the tombs ofSaint PeterandSaint Paulbefore going to Jerusalem via ship. He returned to find that austere measures he now upheld in his life were something that his nephew did not welcome and who set a dog upon him while viewing him as nothing more than a vagrant. Discernment led Gundisalvus to the Dominicans to which order he was admitted into and he was allowed to live as a hermit who was in the service of his local people. He built a bridge himself over theTâmega River.
According to legend, the workers who helped build the bridge once ran out of wine leading him to smack a rock with his stick causing it to split open with wine pouring out of it. On another occasion the workers ran out of food and he went to the water and called out promoting fish to jump onto the river bank providing the workers with food.
Gundisalvus died in 1259. Pius IV beatified him on 16 September 1561, his feast day being celebrated on 10 January, the day of his death.
Cittaslow

Cittaslowis an organisation founded inItalyand inspired by theslow foodmovement. Cittaslow's goals include improving the quality of life in towns by slowing down its overall pace, especially in a city's use of spaces and the flow of life and traffic through them.
Cittaslow was founded inItalyin October 1999, following a meeting organised by the mayor ofGreve in Chianti,Tuscany.A 54-point charter was developed, encouraging high quality local food and drink, general conviviality and the opposition to cultural standardisation.In 2001, 28 Italian towns were signed up to the pledge, certified by trained operatives of Cittaslow.The first Slow City in the English-speaking world wasLudlow,England, in 2003.The movement expanded broadly beyond Italy and, by 2006, national Cittaslow networks existed in Germany, Norway and the United Kingdom. By mid-2009, fourteen countries had at least one officially accredited Cittaslow community. In July 2009, the small seaside village ofCowichan Bayin Canada became the North American continent's first Cittaslow town.In June 2011, Gökçeada in Turkey became the first and only Cittaslow island.Nearly a decade later in October 2020,Izmir,Turkey's 3rd metropolitan municipality, has become The First Cittaslow Metropolis of the World.
There are three categories of membership: Cittaslow town (population less than 50,000); Cittaslow Supporter (population more than 50,000);and Cittaslow Friend (individual or family).
Like Slow Food, Cittaslow is a membership organisation. Full membership of Cittaslow is only open to towns with a population under 50,000. To become eligible for membership, a town must normally score at least 50 percent in a self-assessment process against the set of Cittaslow goals, and then apply for admission to the appropriate Cittaslow national network. An annual membership fee is payable by towns.
The first town in England to become a Cittaslow city (and the first in the English-speaking world) wasLudlowin November 2003;the first in Wales wasMold.There are currently three towns in the UK that are members.
By 2007, several slow cities had been introduced acrossSouth Korea.
Pijao, a small town inColombia, is to become the first Cittaslow city inLatin America.
There are 50 goals and principles that each Cittaslow town commits to work to achieve. They serve as benchmarks to improve the quality of life in each city.
The main aims of the movement are:
List of hot springs

There arehot springson all continents and in many countries around the world. Countries that are renowned for theirhot springsincludeBulgaria,Canada,Chile,Fiji,Honduras,Hungary,Iceland,India,Japan,Romania,Turkey,Taiwan,New Zealand, and theUnited States, but there are interesting and unique hot springs in many other places as well.
There are thirteen developed and undeveloped hot spring pools in Eswatini. All are sulphur springs with temperatures ranging from 26 °C to 52 °C.
At least 15 geothermal areas exist in Tanzania.
There are more than 275 hot springs registered inChile.
There are numerous hot springs inGreenland:
A list of 1661 hot springs can be found on theNOAAThermal Springs List for the United States.The same list with added notes and links can be found on the USA Hotsprings Database.
Geological Survey of India has found 17 hot springs in Gujarat:
All these hot springs have a high sulfur content and are located near the river banks. The average temperature of the water in these hot springs is 50 °C (122 °F).
Being located in the "Pacific Ring of Fire", Japan is in a volcanic region, and is home to many hot springs. Theonsen(a Japanese word for "hot spring") plays a notable role in Japanese culture.
In March 2003 it was reported that there were 3,102 spa resorts in 2,292 municipalities in Japan. There were also 15,400 lodging facilities with 6,740 public hot spring baths. About 138 million people a year visit these facilities.
Noted hot springs areas in Japan
Disputed territory between Japan and Russia:
Various hot springs, all nonvolcanic. They include the following.
About 10 thermal springs have been identified in Sri Lanka.
There are over 280 hot springs in Vietnam.
Hot springs in Portuguese areCaldas
123 hot springs with temperature above 25 degrees C (77 degrees F)
There are manygeothermal springs in the UK, but the hot springs found in the town ofBath, Somersetare the only true hot springs (defined as those hotter than 37 degrees C):
Other thermal or warm springs in the UK include:
Hot springs can be found in all six states of Australia as well as the Northern Territory, but apparently not Australian Capital Territory.
Hot springs are in the town ofSavusavuwhere local people use the hot springs to cook their food.  Some of the springs are situated on the beach and steam can be seen rising from the water at low tide.
There are numerous hot springs in New Zealand, predominantly in theTaupō Volcanic Zone, and in particular aroundRotorua. Well known springs outside the Taupō Volcanic Zone include:
It is common to create parks around hot springs: