davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Bhutanese Nepali literature

Bhutanese Nepali literaturerefers to the literary works in theNepali languagebyBhutanese people. This started from 1962 with the publishing ofKuensel(first national newspaper).
More than 90% of Bhutanese people used Nepali as acommon languagebefore 1960.
In 1962,Bhutanstarted to publish Kuensel (first national newspaper) from Madi printing press ofKalimpong,India, and Nepali literature in Bhutan had an opportunity to broaden its area. In those days, Nepali articles written by the writers from, primarily, Kalimpong andDarjeelingused to be published in Kunsel. This provided the interest inNepali literatureto the Nepali speaking  southern Bhutanese. In the process of developing language and literature, in 1970, thegovernment of Bhutanstarted to publish another magazine "Drucklosal" quarterly. The editor of the magazine was Gauri Shankar Upadhaya. Gradually, the magazine piqued the interest of many Nepali-speaking Bhutanese. The magazine was published 19 volumes.
In 1984, the government banned the magazine. And in 1987, the government burned all the Nepali books that were taught in Bhutanese schools.The government banned both written and spoken Nepali language.Until 1980, in the process of development of Nepali literature, Devi Bhakta Lamitare's political article "Dankido Bhutan" (Murder of Democracy) (1970), "Kumbhaparva”, “Himachal philosophy” and Narayan Luitel's religious literature "Shivalaya Mahatme" (1977) had been published. Government ban and lack of resources and favorable environment for the study of literature were the obstacles in the development of Bhutanese Nepali literature. In the beginning of the 1980s, Gauri Shankar Upadhyaya was considered as the first literary figure who wrote Nepali literature. He wrote his works while living in Banaras, India.
Bhutaneserefugee campswere established in the beginning of the 1990s. They received food from theWorld Food Programme(WFP), and clothing and housing from Lutheran Social Service (LSS) and education fromCaritas Nepal.United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR) provided them with basic humanitarian assistance and international protection in co-operation with other national and international partners, including WFP. Later Bhutani Bhasa Parisad Nepal, a Nepali classes for elderly people focused on Bhutanese literature, was established. According to the census of 2007, a total of 107,807 refugees were registered by the UNHCR as a result of a joint verification process conducted with thegovernment of Nepal. They were resettled in eight countries.
By the end of 2008,Bhutanese refugeesstarted resettling in eight countries: Australia, Denmark, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, and United States. Efforts are being made by the Literature Council of Bhutan (LCOB) in promoting the Bhutanese Nepali literature.
Silpancho

Silpancho(originalQuechuaword:Sillp'anchu) is a popularBolivianfood from the city ofCochabamba. When prepared properly, this tends to be a large and fulfilling meal with a diversity of carbohydrates and fats. It consists of a base layer ofrice, usually white, followed by a layer of boiled and slicedpotatoes. Next, a thin layer of pounded meat is followed by a layer of choppedtomato. In addition,onion,beetandparsleyare mixed together and topped with either one or two friedeggs.
Variants including dicing and cooking the meat over the rice cooked instead of remaining in steak form. Another variant is to placepico de galloon top of the eggs instead of parsley, onion and beets. Another variant marinates the meat using ingredients including soy sauce.
Silpancho can be found in a type ofsandwichcalled "Trancapecho", containing all the ingredients (evenrice).
Rufous-tailed jacamar

Therufous-tailed jacamar(Galbula ruficauda) is anear passerinebirdwhich breeds in the tropicalNew Worldin southernMexico,Central AmericaandSouth Americaas far south as southernBrazilandEcuador.
Like otherjacamarsthey are elegant, brightly coloured birds with long bills and tails. The rufous-tailed jacamar is typically 25 cm (10 in) long with a 5 cm (2 in) long black bill. ThesubspeciesG. r. brevirostrishas, as its name implies, a shorter bill. This bird is metallic green above, and the underparts are mainly orange, including the undertail, but there is a green breast band. Sexes differ in that the male has a white throat, and the female a buff throat; she also tends to have paler underparts. The raceG. r. pallenshas a copper-coloured back in both sexes.
Thisinsectivorehunts from a perch, sitting with its bill tilted up, thenflying outto catch flyinginsects.One commonly preyed upon insect is the social waspAgelaia vicina. Other insect prey includeflies,beetles,bees,dragonflies, andbutterflies.Further, the bird distinguishes between edible and unpalatable butterflies mainly according to body shape.
This species is a resident breeder in a range of dry or moist woodlands and scrub. The two to four rufous-spotted whiteeggsare laid in a burrow in a bank ortermitemound.
The rufous-tailed jacamar's call is a sharppee-op, and the song a high thinpeeo-pee-peeo-pee-pe-pe, ending in a trill.
Media related toGalbula ruficaudaat Wikimedia CommonsData related toGalbula ruficaudaat Wikispecies
Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina

TheCroatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina(Croatian:Hrvatska demokratska zajednica Bosne i Hercegovine,abbr.HDZ BiH) is aChristian democraticCroatian nationalistpolitical partyinBosnia and Herzegovina, representing theCroats of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an associate member of theEuropean People's Party. Its headquarters is inMostar.
The party was founded on 18 August 1990, with the first party convention held inSarajevo. It has participated in all multiparty elections held in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1991. It regularly won the support of the Croat electorate up to 2000 and took part in forming the government. It returned to power in 2002, where it remained until 2010. Since 2014, the party has once again been in power.
In the October2002 general election, the party was part of the "Croatian Coalition" (Hrvatska koalicija) which won 9.5% of the popular vote and five out of 42 seats in the nationalHouse of Representativesand 16 of the 98 seats in theFederal House of Representatives.
In 2006, the party joined theCroatian National Assembly, an alliance of Bosnian Croat political parties, along with theCroatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovinaand theCroat People's Union.
Throughout its history, the HDZ BiH has had nine presidents, the current one beingDragan Čovićsince 5 June 2005.Four of the six Croat members of thePresidency of Bosnia and Herzegovinahave come from the party, the most recent one also being Čović, serving in office from 2014 until 2018.
In the2018 general election, the party was in a coalition with three other Bosnian Croat parties (Croatian Peasant Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatian Party of Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina), winning 149,872 or 9.05% of the votes, five out of 42 seats in the national House of Representatives and 16 out of 98 in the Federal one.
Outline of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The followingoutlineis provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Bosnia and Herzegovina– country in Southwestern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. It  comprises two autonomous entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with a third region, the Brčko District, governed under local government. The country is home to three ethnic groups:  Bosniaks are the largest group of the three, with Serbs second and Croats third.
Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
List of ecoregions in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Administrative divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Court system of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a member of:
Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Military of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Local government in Bosnia and Herzegovina
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sport in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Greece–Bosnia and Herzegovina Friendship Building

TheGreece–Bosnia and Herzegovina Friendship Building(Serbo-Croatian:Zgrada prijateljstva između Grčke i Bosne i Hercegovine, Зграда пријатељства између Грчке и Босне и Херцеговине,Greek:Κτήριο Φιλίας Ελλάδας Βοσνίας-Ερζεγοβίνης) is a government office building inSarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina. The building houses theCouncil of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is often erroneously referred to as theParliament Buildingbecause of its close proximity to the actual five-storyparliamentbuilding which is adjacent to the Greek–Bosnian Friendship Building.
The building was completed in 1974 during the Yugoslav period, and occupied by the government of theSocialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was originally named theExecutive Council Building(Zgrada Izvršnog Vijeća).It served as the principalgovernmentbuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina until it was extensively damaged by Serb shelling in May 1992 in the first few weeks of theSiege of Sarajevo, during theBosnian War. After the end of the war, the building was gutted and remained vacant until reconstruction began in 2006.
In 2006, thegovernment of Greeceprovided 80.4% of the funding for the reconstruction of the building. The total cost of the project was€17,057,316. Reconstruction was completed by the Greek company Domotechniki SA in just over one year, and the building was inaugurated on 23 July 2007 byPrime Minister of GreeceKostas Karamanlisand the collectivepresidents of Bosnia.
Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina

TheHistorical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina(Bosnian:Historijski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine) is amuseuminSarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina.
It holds more than 400,000 historical artifacts.The museum was founded on 13 November 1945and took its present name in 1993, having at one point been called the Museum of the Revolution of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
43°51′18″N18°24′16″E﻿ / ﻿43.85500°N 18.40444°E﻿ /43.85500; 18.40444
History of the Jews in Botswana

Thehistory of theJewsinBotswanais relatively modern and centered in the city ofGaborone. Most Jews in Botswana are Israelis and South Africans.
In 1938, with the rise ofNazismin Europe, the colonial authorities in Botswana,South Africa, andGreat Britainattempted to resettle some Jewish refugees in Botswana to leverage their capital and agricultural skills to help improve the territory’s struggling economy. However, the outbreak of theSecond World Warin 1939 abruptly ended these efforts.
In 1994, the Botswana Jewish community drafted a constitution and created its first committee. RabbiMoshe Silberhaft, spiritual leader to the African Jewish Congress, made a special visit to Gaborone to participate in the meeting where it was decided to call the community the Jewish Community of Botswana.
In 2003, the Jewish community in Botswana appealed to local authorities to remain vigilant against terrorism, in line with PresidentFestus Mogae's "zero tolerance" stance on crime. This initiative is supported by the African Jewish Congress, which assists Botswana's Jewish population in maintaining protective measures amid global concerns about anti-Semitic and terror-related threats.
As of 2020, an estimated 21-100 Jews lived in Botswana, with almost all living inGaborone. The community is predominantlyIsraeli Jewsworking in agriculture, business, and industry.
No synagogues exist in Botswana. During major religious holidays and times of prayer, the African Jewish Congress and theSouth African Jewish Board of Deputiesassist visiting Jews.Religious services forShabbatand theJewish holidaysare held in private homes withKoshermeals provided.Jews in Botswana are buried in non-Jewish cemeteries, as there is no Jewish cemetery in the country.Kosher foodis delivered through the South African Jewish Board of Deputies.
Botswana and Israel established diplomatic relations in 1972.Botswana renewed diplomaticrecognition of Israelin 1993.
In 2012, six Israeli companies employed over 1,000 Batswana citizens to cut and polish diamonds.
In 2012,Ben Gurion University(BGU) agreed to facilitate a new institution called theBotswana International University of Science and Technology. BGU will be in charge of teaching and building the university's research capacity.  Students from Botswana will also be invited to Israel to complete their studies before returning to build the staff of the university. According to Israeli ambassador Dan Shaham: "Some 250 students will be selected to begin their studies in the coming months. More and more students and more and more subjects will be added gradually, until it becomes a real university."
In May 2021, theBaruch Padeh Medical Centersent a delegation of Israeli doctors to assist Botswana during theCOVID-19 pandemic. The Israeli delegation partnered with theSir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospitalin Gaborone.
As of June 2021,Ofra Farhiserves as the non-resident Israeli ambassador to Botswana,Namibia,Zambia, andZimbabwe.
Ron Young (United States Army officer)

Ronald D. Young Jr.(born January 10, 1977) is an American formerPOWin the2003 Gulf military actionagainstIraqwho later became a contestant in thereality showThe Amazing Race 7.  Young is also anEagle Scout.
Young grew up inLithia Springs, Georgiaand lives inVilla Rica, Georgia. He graduated fromDouglas County High SchoolinDouglasville, Georgia, studied mechanical engineering atSouthern Polytechnic State UniversityinMarietta, Georgia, before joining the Army.
At the time of his becoming a POW in Iraq his father was living inLithia Springs,Georgia.
Young was among seven POWs who were taken prisoner by Iraqi forces in the 2003 invasion. Back then, he was a Chief Warrant Officer whoseApache Longbowhelicoptercrashed inKarbalaon March 24, 2003.  Fellow pilot and Chief Warrant Officer David Williams, 31 from the 1-227 Helicopter Attack Battalion tried to elude capture, but they were taken prisoner by an Iraqi group who took them toSamarra, about 25 miles (40 km) south ofTikrit,Saddam Hussein's hometown.
The Iraqi forces kept the two with the members of the507th Maintenance Companywho were earlier captured along with their comradeJessica Lynch. The 507th POWs includedPatrick Miller,Joseph Hudson,Shoshana Johnson,James Riley, andEdgar Hernandez. They were rescued soon after on April 13, 2003.
In 2004, he competed onThe Amazing Race 7together with his thengirlfriend,beauty queenKelly McCorkle. They were billed as the "Former POW/Beauty Queen couple" and his back story about his POW days were mentioned in the show. Young, like almost all contestants who competed there (except for well-knownSurvivorcontestantsRob MarianoandAmber Brkich), was identified only by his first name. Ron & Kelly's relationship was strained during the competition and they broke up after the show but they still have remained friends. They eventually finished third when in San Juan, Puerto Rico they "went to the regional airport instead of the international airport,"Young said, going to the wrong airport caused them to miss their flight.
Roadblocks performed by Young arebolded
Young became part of an urban legend when a viral email claiming that theRed Lobsterin the town Young's unit was based refused to donate money to the Young family.Even though the Army "highly discourages spouses soliciting businesses on behalf of families," and that "no business should feel strong-armed into donating" Red Lobster had actually wanted to give money but had run out of gift certificates.
Seara Foods

Seara Foodsis a Brazilian food processing company. It specializes in the development and distribution of meat products. The company was founded on November 18, 1956, in the town ofSeara,Santa Catarina, Brazil.
The company became the largest exporter of chicken in the country thanks to  export its business of meat and poultry products to other continents like Europe, Asia, Middle East and the Far East. In turn, the company specialized in Brazilian and Latin American market with products such as sausage, bacon, hamburgers, ham, bologna and ready meals among others. In 2009, the Brazilian multinational corporationMarfrig Groupacquired the company fromCargill Inc.and in 2013 Marfrig sold Seara Brasil (part of Seara Foods) toJBSthe global protein leader which became #1 Poultry producer in the World and #1 Beef producer in the World.
Seara is also known for its sponsorship of sporting events. The company was a sponsor of theSantos Futebol Clubeand theBrazil national football team. In 2010, it was one of the official sponsors of theWorld Cup 2010held in South Africa, and in 2011 is sponsoring the2011 Copa América, which takes place in Argentina.
Seara is former subsidiary ofMarfrigsale toJBSin 2013. Since 2013, Seara has constantly growing and became a Leading producer of prepared foods and fresh & frozen poultry products with products present in more than 150 countries.
IFood

iFoodis a Brazilianonline food orderingandfood deliveryplatform, currently operating inBraziland previously inColombia. The company holds over 80% market share of the food delivery sector in Brazil.It is owned by Dutch-basedProsus(part ofNaspers) and its Brazilian investment firmMovile.
It merged its businesses in Argentina and Colombia with rivalsPedidosYain August 2018 and Domicilios.com in March 2021 respectively, brands ofDelivery Herowhich is also owned by Prosus.It operated asSinDelantalin Mexico until December 2020.
Currently, iFood holds 83% of the meal delivery market in Braziland is the subject of proceedings byCADE.A survey by the Brazilian Association of Bars and Restaurants (ABRASEL) pointed out that orders made by the platform are on average 17.5% more expensive for the consumer, compared to the same order made directly at the restaurant.
iFood was founded in 2011 by Patrick Sigrist, Guilherme Bonifacio, Eduardo Baer and Felipe Fioravante.Movileowns iFood as a subsidiary, withJust Eatowning a 33% stake in iFood until 2022.Naspersprovided funding when iFood had just started.
It serves customers in Brazil and Mexico.It connected 15,000 restaurants to customers who collectively placed four million orders every month in 2018.iFood had £123.8m in sales, making it 16 times larger than the next largest delivery company in the region in 2018.iFood has 80% of the market share in Brazil of food deliveries and according to the bookBusiness Despite Borders, "iFood became a synonym of food delivery in Brazil."
In August 2018,PedidosYaacquired the Argentinian business.In March 2021, the merger of the Colombian subsidiary withPedidosYawas approved.
In September, it acquired the São Paulo startup SiteMercado, an e-commerce platform focused on markets and grocery stores which it has partnered with since 2019.
On 19 August 2022,Just Eat Takeaway.comsold its 33% stake in iFood to Prosus for €1.8 billion.This follows years of talks of Just Eat Takeaway selling their share in the company since 2020.
On 21 November 2022 iFood ended operations in Colombia,the decision was a business strategy due to the moment in the capital market.
iFood broke sales records during theFIFA World Cupin Qatar, where more than 8 million orders were placed on the app over the weekend of December 2-4, the best mark in 2022. Thus, the first weekend of December not only had the most orders in 2022, but also surpassed the weekends of 2021.
Dare Foods

Dare Foods, Limitedis aCanada-based food manufacturing company. They have seven factories in Canada and theUnited States. Their products are distributed inNorth Americaand in more than 50 other countries.
In 1892, the founder of Dare Foods, Charles H. Doerr, began making and selling cookies and candies in a small grocery shop inBerlin,Ontario, Canada. By 1919, Doerr had created the C.H. Doerr Company, which distributed his goods throughout Ontario. Following Charles's death in 1941, the company was led by his twenty-four-year-old grandson Carl Doerr.Carl had been raised by his paternal grandparents after both his parents died of theSpanish flu.
On February 16, 1943, a fire destroyed the company's factory at Weber and Breithaupt in Kitchener, killing nightwatchman Julius Eckstein and risking the future of the company, then known as C.H. Doerr Co. Ltd.Carl quickly moved to rebuild, relocating the same year as the fire to a plot of land on what is today Kingsway Drive in Kitchener.
The name of the company was changed to "Dare" in 1945 because it was easier to pronounce.Dare products became more popular Canada-wide by 1954, and began to be exported to the U.S. in 1956.
Dare is known for adopting the resealable "tin tie"packagingfor their cookies in 1954.The resealable bag ensured freshness and soon became the standard packaging for cookies across Canada.
Dare continued to grow rapidly by expanding their product lines and starting new trends in thefood industry. Due to the recent awareness of peanut allergies, Dare declared all of its facilities to be "peanut free." They were one of the first large food manufacturers in Canada to do this.The following is a list of traditional products they make:
Dare provides snacks for families. A few of their new promoted products are:
Since 2003, they have produced Canada'sGirl Guide cookies.
Bruneian cuisine

Bruneian cuisineconcerns the cuisine ofBrunei. It is similar to, and heavily influenced by the cuisine of neighbouringMalaysia,Singapore,andIndonesia, with additional influences from India, China, Thailand, and Japan.  As is common in the region, fish and rice are staple foods, though beef is expensive and thus less common.  Due to the predominance of the Islamic religion, the food ishalaland pork is avoided. Alcohol is banned in Brunei.In rural areas, game animals such as wild birds,sambar deer, andbarking deerare hunted.
Dishes from Brunei are oftenspicyand are commonly eaten with eitherriceornoodles.Nasi Katok, Beef rendang, nasi lemak, and pajeri nanas are popular foods in Brunei.Among the few dishes peculiar to Brunei isambuyat, a sticky ball of flavourlesssagostarch, which is wrapped around a bamboo fork and dipped into a spicy and sour gravy.Nasi katok, which literally means 'knock rice', consists of plain rice, fried chicken and sambal, a spicy relish made from ground chili peppers and a variety of secondary ingredients, including shrimp paste, garlic, ginger, shallot, scallion, palm sugar, lime juice, vinegar, and anchovies. Traditionally,Nasi katokis served and wrapped in brown paper.
Common drinks includecoconut milk,fruit juice,tea,milk teaandcoffee.
Silvena Rowe

Silvena Rowe(néeLauta, born inPlovdiv,Bulgaria) is aBulgarianchef,food writer, television personality andrestaurateur.
Rowe was born inPlovdivto aBulgarianmother and aTurkishfather.Rowe's father, who was a newspaper editor of the largest [citation or source needed?] Bulgarian newspaper,Bulgarianisedhis name due to Bulgaria's communist government.He instilled in Rowe a love of cooking and passed down the traditions of theOttoman cuisine.At the age of 19, she moved toLondon.Silvena cooked in the kitchen of theNotting Hillbookshop Books for Cooks, which led her to cook forPrincess Michael of Kent,Ruby WaxandTina Turner.She also metMalcolm Gluckand the two began to write a regular food column forThe Guardiannewspaper.In 2007, she was the food consultant onDavid Cronenberg’s 2007 filmEastern Promises.She has become a regular guest on the BBC'sSaturday Kitchenand ITV'sThis Morning. In 2007, her bookFeastswon theGlenfiddich Food and Drink Award.After her father's death she wanted to rediscover her heritage so she travelled throughTurkey,Syria,LebanonandJordantracing her Ottoman roots; this resulted in her cookbookPurple Citrus and Sweet Perfume.
On 7 June 2011, her restaurant Quince opened atThe May FairHotel inMayfair,London.Her restaurant is influenced by her Turkish heritage- homage to her grandfather Mehmed, who used to cook the dishes for her father.Currently Silvena shares her time between Dubai, Sofia, New York and London.
Silvena Rowe is also a Charlton Athletic Supporter.
Pizza Lab (restaurant chain)

Pizza Labis a Bulgarianchainoffast foodpizzarestaurants founded in 2015.It is the second largest pizza chain in the country, behind the local franchise ofDomino's. The chain offers fast service and takeout, and has restructured to focus more on delivery following theCOVID-19 pandemic.Though the menu also features a selection ofsalads, the chain is primarily focused on quickly-baked pizzas, including a menu, sweet dessert pizzas, and custom orders that are advertised as ready in two minutes.
As of October 2024, its parent company, Philly Vibes AD, additionally owns and operates theBulgarian foodchain Skarra andBaozi-focused chain Bao Bar in the country and employs a total of 306 people.
Lyutenica

Lyutenitsa,ljutenica,lütenitsaorlutenica(Bulgarian:лютеница,Serbian:љутеница,Macedonian:лутеница,lyuto,ljutoorluto, Bulgarian:люто, Serbian:љуто, Macedonian:луто,Turkish:Lütenitsa); meaning "spicy", is a (sometimes spicy hot) vegetablerelishorchutneyinBulgarian,Macedonian,SerbianandTurkishcuisines.
The ingredients includepeppers,aubergines,carrots,garlic,vegetable oil,sugar,salt,tomatoesandwalnut. It comes in many varieties: smooth; chunky; with chili peppers or eggplant; and hot or mild.
In recent years,industrial production oflyutenitsaandajvarhas flourished. Large-scale production of both relishes has popularized them outside the Balkans.
Culture of Burkina Faso

Theculture of Burkina FasoinWest Africais also called theBurkinabé culture.
Two key elements of culture inBurkina Faso(a country once known asUpper Volta) are its indigenousmasksanddancing. The masks used in this region of the westernSahelare made forritesofsacrificeto gods and animal spirits in the villages. Native dance, on the other hand, is employed to demonstrate the villagers' desire for blessings by the spirits.
Literature in Burkina Faso is based on theoral tradition, which remains important.In 1934, duringFrenchoccupation,Dim-Dolobsom Ouedraogopublished hisMaximes, pensées et devinettes mossi(Maximes, Thoughts and Riddles of the Mossi), a record of the oral history of theMossi people.The oral tradition continued to have an influence on Burkinabé writers in the post-independence Burkina Faso of the 1960s, such asNazi BoniandRoger Nikiema.The 1960s saw a growth in the number ofplaywrightsbeing published.Since the 1970s, literature has developed in Burkina Faso with many more writers being published.
Slam poetryis becoming increasingly popular in the country, in part through the work ofMalika Ouattara.
Theatreof Burkina Faso combines traditional Burkinabé performance with thecolonialinfluences and post-colonial efforts to educate rural people to produce a distinctive national theatre.
Cuisineof Burkina Faso, typically ofwest Africancuisine, is based aroundstaple foodsofsorghum,millet,rice,maize,peanuts,potatoes,beans,yamsandokra.
In addition to several rich traditional artistic heritages among the various peoples, there is also a large artist community in Burkina Faso, especially inOuagadougou.  Much of the crafts produced are for the growing tourist industry.Tigoung Nonmawas set up by a group of disabled artisans and sells crafts to provide a sustainable income for disabled artisans in Burkina Faso.
ThePopular TheatreinOuagadougou, the capital ofBurkina Faso, is a center of social and cultural events for the country. Ouagadougou, is a major hub of activity for those involved inAfrican cinema, and hosts aPan-Africanfilm festivalevery year calledFESPACO, the Pan-African film and televisionFestivalof Ouagadougou, which is a world-renowned affair. Culture and art are further displayed atLaongo, an area of exposed granites where artists from the entire world are invited to sculpt on the rock.Idrissa Ouedraogois from Burkina Faso.
While exact statistics on religion in Burkina Faso are not available and vary widely, theGovernment of Burkina Fasoestimated in its most recent census (1996) that approximately 60 percent of the population practiceIslam, and that the majority of this group belong to theSunnibranch, while remaining minorities adhere to theShi'abranch, and significant numbers of Sunni Muslims identify with theTijaniyahSufi, orSalafitraditions.Ahmadiyya Islamalso has a large following.The Government also estimated that 24 percent of the population maintainstraditional indigenous beliefs, 17 percent practicesRoman Catholicism, and 3 percent are members of variousProtestantdenominations.
Burundian cuisine

Burundiis situated inEast Africaand has a territory full ofmountains,savannasand agricultural fields, with forests in the surrounding rivers and waters.Agricultureis spread on 80% of the country's surface and it mainly includescoffee,tea,maize,beansandmanioc. Burundi cuisine also includesbeans, which are the staple of Burundi cooking, exotic fruits (mainlybananas),plantains,sweet potatoes,cassava,peas,maizeandcereals, like corn andwheat.
A major aspect when discussing Burundian cuisine is based on the economic conditions of the country: the Burundian people usually eat homemade food, from homemade vessels also used for drinking, carrying water and storinggrain.Food securityremains a major problem in Burundi.
Most of Burundi's dishes are soups that consist of a variety of foods, spices, and herbs such as:
History of the Jews in Cameroon

Thehistory of theJewsinCameroonis obscure and found in several legends and myths. Today the Jewish community in Cameroon is small, with a handful of mostly Israeli Jews living in the capital city of Yaoundé.
According to the organizationKulanu, some Cameroonian tribes claim ancient Israelite descent. Tribes claiming Jewish ancestry include theBassa, theBamileke, theEton, and theDouala. According to Kulanu, many Cameroonian tribes practice customs that are similar to Jewish customs, such as circumcision and avoiding eating non-kosher animals listed in theBible. An oral tradition exists claiming that the Bassa people are descended fromEgyptian Jewswho immigrated to Cameroon two thousand years ago. The Bamileke claim to be one of theLost Tribes of Israel.
During the 1990s, some members of the Beth YeshourunPentecostalcommunity decided to leave Christianity and become Jewish. Community members had never met any Jewish people, but began to study Judaism and Jewish practice, primarily throughOrthodox Jewishwebsites. Leaders of the Beth Yeshourun Jewish Community of Cameroon approached Kulanu, from whom they were provided with guidance and aSefer Torah.
On February 3, 2019, during an interview with Cameroonian state media, the Cameroonian Minister Delegate in the Ministry of Justice, Jean de Dieu Momo, caused controversy by comparing the opposition partyCameroon Renaissance Movement(CRM) to the Jews "who were crushed by Hitler because of arrogance."De Dieu Momo compared the status of theBamileke peopleto that of German Jews, claiming that the German Jews were "a very rich community who wielded all economic power" and were so "arrogant that the German people were frustrated. Then one day, a certain Hitler came to power and put them in the gas chamber." The Cameroonian government apologized for the comments, expressing "sincere regret" amid outrage from the Israeli government.
The modern Jewish population in Cameroon lives close to the Israeli Embassy in Yaoundé. Services forJewish holidaysare held at the home of the Israeli ambassador, where kosher food can be found.
Philémon Yang

Philémon Yunji Yang(born 14 June 1947) is aCameroonianpolitician who served asPrime Minister of Cameroonfrom 2009 to 2019,having previously held various ministerial and diplomatic roles particularly in Canada where he served as the ambassador of Cameroon to Canada for over 20 years. He is thelongest-serving Prime Minister in Cameroonian history, having served 9 years, 9 months and 3 days. In June 2024 he was elected to serve asPresident of the United Nations General Assemblyfor itsseventy-ninth session, beginning his term on 10 September 2024.
Yang was born inJikejem-Oku, in the Oku subivision of the Bui division of theNorthwest Regionof Cameroon.He studied law at theUniversity of Yaoundé.
Yang served as a prosecutor at theBueacourt of appealbefore being appointed to thegovernmentin 1975 as Deputy Minister of Territorial Administration. In 1979 he became Minister of Mines and Energy,remaining in that position until he was dismissed from the government in 1984.
Yang served as Ambassador to Canada from 1984 to 1995− and asHigh Commissionerin Canada from 1995 to 2004, after Cameroon joined theCommonwealth of Nations.He also served as Dean of the Diplomatic Corps in Canada for about 10 years.His time inOttawawas dedicated to securing foreign aid for his country, despite Canadian concerns abouthuman rights abusesandcorruption. Along with other representatives of African countries, he was pleased by Canada's commitment todebt reliefin 2000. He headed Cameroon's delegation in negotiations on theCartagena Protocol on Biosafetyfrom 1998 to 2000, and after the Protocol was adopted he chaired the Intergovernmental Committee for the Cartagena Protocol.
In 2004 Yang was appointed Assistant Secretary-General of the Presidency of Cameroon.In 2008 he became chair of the board of directors of theCameroon Airlines Corporation.
On 30 June 2009 PresidentPaul Biyaappointed Yang asPrime Minister of Cameroon, replacingEphraïm Inoni.Yang's appointment marked the largest government shake-up since his predecessor was appointed in 2004. Biya stated on state radio that three ministers from the previous government had switched places, six new names were added while six portfolios were cut entirely. The opposition said that it did not expect a great deal of change due in part to the continuance of a large government. It had been hoping for 30 ministerial positions to be cut, but there remained over 60 ministers. The reshuffle was believed to have been spurred by public anger over risingfood pricesand discontent with high levels of government corruption. Adding to this, the move was seen as an attempt by Biya to shore up support for thenext presidential election in 2011.In addition to Yang, new ministers were appointed for defence, posts and telecommunications, communication, education, promotion of women, water and energy, and sports.
Yang stepped down as Prime Minister on 4 January 2019.
On 6 June 2024 Yang was elected to serve asPresident of the United Nations General Assemblyfor itsseventy-ninth session, succeedingDennis FrancisofTrinidad and Tobagoon 10 September 2024.
Food Basics

Food Basics Ltd.is a Canadian supermarket chain owned byMetro Inc.The company operates 142 stores throughoutOntario.
Food Basics was created byA&P Canadato compete with the successfulNo Frillswarehouse-style supermarket operated byLoblaw Companies. It became part of the Metro groupwhen A&P Canada was sold to Metro  for $1.7 billion in 2005.
Food Basics lowers its prices in a number of ways: low maintenance (no free plastic bags, just free cardboard boxes), store decor is kept to a minimum, and fewer staff are employed, mostly in part-time positions. The chain operates by pushing higher volumes on a limited selection of products than Metro stores, allowing it to compete price-wise with other grocery stores. There were 117 locations in Ontario. 36 were franchise stores until Metro Inc. purchased all stores back by the end of 2008.
Some Food Basics feature a pharmacy known as Food Basics Pharmacy.
Some locations are formerSuper FreshorA&Psupermarkets, dating from when both chains were operated by A&P,or other former banners such as A&P-ownedDominionor Metro-ownedSuper C.
In the past, the owners' names appeared on the banner (e.g., 'John/Jane's Food Basics'); however, all stores are now simply called 'Food Basics'. Concurrent with this change is a different slogan, which was changed from "Best Prices Everyday!!!" to "Always more for less!"
In Fall 2006, Metro Inc. began to renovate Food Basics stores. The design and format of these new stores closely resemble Metro's Super C banner in Quebec. New store signs feature broken lettering and a larger emphasis on yellow, green, and beige colours. In Spring 2007, Metro Inc. initiated their new inventory system into all of its warehouses.
Food Basics is represented by theUnited Food and Commercial Workersunion. Food Basics mostly offers part-time positions, and each store has few full-time positions. In 2015, overnight positions were discontinued by most stores because of budget reasons.
143 locations in Ontario:
Food Basics carries many products from Metro's private label brands:
Cape Verdean cuisine

Thecuisine of Cape Verdeis aWest African cuisinelargely influenced byPortuguese, Southern and Western European andWest Africancuisine.Cape Verdewas a colony ofPortugalfrom its colonization until 1975.
Because the archipelago is inside theAtlantic Ocean, fish is very important in Cape Verdean cooking.
One of the most important aspects of Cape Verdean culture is the beveragegrogue, a strong rum made from distilled sugar cane on the islands ofSanto AntaoandSantiago. The beverage is made in towns such asPaulon Santo Antao andCidade Velhaon Santiago using atrapiche. A variation of the drink isponche(punch) which is sweetened with condensed milk or sugarcane molasses. Due to the intoxication on consuminggrogue, it is consumed by many Cape Verdean musicians seeking inspiration.
Corn and beans are staples of Cape Verdean cuisine.Also popular are rice, fried potatoes, cassava and vegetables such as carrots, kale, squash, fish and meat such as tuna, sawfish, lobster, chicken, grilled pork and eggs. One legacy of the Portuguese on the islands is olives andAlentejo wineswhich are still imported.
Cachupa, a stew, is considered the national dish of Cape Verde which includes mashed maize, onions, green bananas, manioc, sweet potatoes, squash and yams. Manioc balls are one of the most common in Cape Verde.
Seafood dishes includebafaandbúzio cabra, made from bubonian conch (Persististrombus latus).
In December 2002, the Cape Verdean government prohibited the killing of turtles by law, per their participation in theConvention on Biological Diversityin 1995 e aConvenção sobre Comercio Internacional de Espécies de Fauna e Flora Selvagem Ameaçadas de Extinção(CITES).The dish once popular on Santiago Island namedturtle steakhas slowly disappeared.
Strelais Cape Verde's most popular beer. Its production began in 2006; it superseded Portuguese beers includingSuper BockandSagres(in 2009).
Maria Andrade (scientist)

Maria Isabel Andrade(born 1958) is aCape Verdeanfood scientist. Andrade has worked inMozambiqueas a sweet potato researcher since 1996 and was a co-winner of the 2016World Food Prize.
In 1958, Andrade was born inSão Filipe, Cape Verde. She began her education in Cape Verde inFogoandSantiago.After completing high school, she went to theUniversity of Arizonaand graduated in 1983 with aBachelor of ScienceandMaster of Science, specializing inplant genetics. She completed further education at theNorth Carolina State University, earning aDoctor of Philosophydegree inplant breedingin 1994.
Andrade began her agricultural career when she started a Cape Verdean vegetable planting program in 1984. While leading the National Research Institute in Cape Verde, Andrade became a member of theFood and Agriculture Organizationin 1994. From 1996 to 2001, she worked for theInternational Institute of Tropical Agricultureas a sweet potatoagronomistfor a research group in Southern Africa.
Andrade subsequently led a project inMozambiquethat distributed sweet potatoes from 2002 to 2006. In 2006, she began working for theInternational Potato Centeras a manager of sweet potato breeding in Southern Africa.Andrade's research in sweet potatoes' value of providing the daily vitamin A requirements has led to the global support in their use in biofortification.Outside of her work with the International Potato center, Andrade was the vice president of fundraising for the International Society for Tropical Root Crops from 2012 to 2016.
In 2013, Andrade was named a Nutrition Champion by Transform Nutrition.She was also a co-winner of the 2016World Food Prizeand the sole winner of the 2017M.S. SwaminathanAward for Environment Protection.
Vincent HoSang

Vincent Getchum HoSang,OD, (born August 5, 1940) is a Jamaican-American businessman and philanthropist, who is theCEOofCaribbean Food DelightsandRoyal Caribbean Bakery.
HoSang was born in SpringfieldSt. James,Jamaicato Mr. and Mrs. Henry HoSang who had migrated from China in the early 1900s. He is the eighth child of ten, six boys and four girls.  At age 12, HoSang's parents moved to Montego Bay. He received his early education atCornwall College. In February 1968, HoSang migrated to theBronx,New York.
In February 1978,  HoSang and his wife bought a fast food store known as Kingsbridge Delight in the West Bronx, selling fried chicken, shrimp, ribs, and French fries. In 1980, Sunrise Bakery onDyre Avenue, which was owned by another West Indian, became available. The HoSangs bought it in December 1980 with the intention of making it a full-fledged Jamaican bakery and changed its name to Royal Caribbean Bakery. In 1984, they expanded into a 15,000 sq ft.facility on East 233rd street in the Bronx where Caribbean Food Delights was incorporated and became the frozen food division of Royal Caribbean Bakery. The company at this stage expanded into the wholesale trade. Three years later in 1987, both companies expanded into a 20,000 sq ft facility inMount Vernon, New York. The HoSangs next bought a 73,000 sq. ft. building on 10 acres of property inTappan, New Yorkin 1993 and named it Caribbean Food Delights.
HoSang established the Vincent HoSang Family Foundation (VHFF) in April 2002 as a means of giving back to the community and educating future entrepreneurs. The VHFF is a501(c)(3) organizationthat comprises the philanthropic arm of Caribbean Food Delights and Royal Caribbean Bakery.The foundation funds full scholarships for six students studying entrepreneurship at theUniversity of the West Indies. The Vincent HoSang University of the West Indies Venture Competition (UWIVC) was started in 2002. Sponsorship was taken over by the foundation since its inception. Each year, the foundation is involved in a range of philanthropic projects, such as serving over 4,000 meals to student athletes at thePenn RelaysinPennsylvaniaevery year,and donating US$250,000 toMissionaries of the Poorin Jamaica to build a place of worship, a food pantry, and other community activities.
HoSang met his wife, Jeanette (née Leefatt), who is fromSpanish Town,Jamaica, inNew York Cityand got married in August 1976. The couple have four children: Damian, Sabrina, Simone and Brian. Brian HoSang was involved in a fatal motorcycle crash on May 12, 2008 at the age of 24.
Caribbean Food Crops Society

TheCaribbean Food Crop Societyis the regionaltrade associationservingagronomistsand agriculture for countries bordering on the Caribbean Sea.Agriculture is the largest sector of theeconomy of the Caribbeanand it affects every nation and territory within the region. The Caribbean Food Crop Society is the organization through which people in the field have the opportunity to meet to discuss research and shared concerns and objectives.
The society was founded in 1963 byRichard Marshall Bond, the Director, andArnold KrochmalAssistant Director of theUnited States Department of Agriculture's Experimental Station onSt. Croix, United States Virgin Islands. The association had its first annual meeting at theSandy Lane HotelinBarbadosin 1964.
Caucasian Shepherd Dog

TheCaucasian Shepherd DogorCaucasian Ovcharkais a largelivestock guardian dognative to theCaucasus region, notablyGeorgia,Armenia,Azerbaijan, andDagestan.It wasbredin theSoviet Unionfrom about 1920 from dogs of theCaucasus Mountainsand the steppe regions ofSouthern Russia.The Caucasus Mountains in Georgia has historically been the principal region of distribution of Caucasian Shepherd dogs, both in terms of numbers and the quality of the dogs present in the area.
For centuries dogs similar to the Caucasian mountain dogs have served shepherds in theCaucasus Mountainsaslivestock guardian dogs,defending sheep from predators, mainlywolvesand human sheep-thieves.These dogs are distributed over a wide area, and there are considerable regional variations: those in Azerbaijan are fairly tall and lightly built; those in Dagestan are smaller and roughly square in outline; those of the formerChecheno-Ingush ASSR, nowIngushetiaandChechnya, are heavily built and very large.It is widely accepted that those ofGeorgiaare better and more uniform than those of other regions.
During the twentieth century Soviet breeders selected some of these varieties among Caucasian dogs and created the Caucasian Shepherd Dog breed. Caucasian shepherds were first scientifically described by the Russian cynologist Aleksandr Mazover,noting that the center of distribution of the breed, both in terms of numbers and quality, were Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Dagestan.While the dogs from different areas of the region shared the general features today present in Caucasian shepherds, Caucasian Shepherds from Georgia were considered to be the best examples of the breed due to their size, powerful musculoskeletal structure, and attractive long fur. For this reason, theGeorgian SSRbecame the principal region for cultivating Caucasian Shepherd dogs in the Soviet Union.
The breed was definitively accepted by theFédération Cynologique Internationalein 1984, under the patronage of the Soviet Union.
The Caucasian Ovcharka is a large dog, usually weighing 45–70 kg (99–154 lb).The preferred height at thewithersis in the range 67–70 cm (26–28 in) for bitches, and 72–75 cm (28–30 in) for dogs;the minimum heights and weights for registration are 64 cm (25 in) and 40 kg (88 lb) for bitches, and 68 cm (27 in) and 50 kg (110 lb) for dogs.Life expectancywas reported in 2020 at 10–11 years;a study published in 2024 found the median lifespan to be 5.4 years, the lowest in all breeds studied.
In appearance, it closely resembles theKars dog.
Caucasian Shepherd Dogs used to serve as guard dogs andbear hunting dogsand today they work as prison guard dogs inRussia.
The breed is banned in Denmarkand subject to restrictions in Russia.
A study in the UK found a life expectancy of 5.4 years for the breed which was the lowest of all 155 included breeds; however, the sample size was just 22 dogs.
Caucasian snowcock

TheCaucasian snowcock(Tetraogallus caucasicus) is asnowcockin the pheasant familyPhasianidaeof the orderGalliformes, gallinaceous birds.
It is native to theCaucasus Mountains, particularly theWestern Caucasus, where it breeds at altitudes from 2000 to 4000 m on bare stony mountains. It nests in a bare ground scrape and lays typically 5-6 greenish eggs, which are incubated only by the female. Its food is seeds and vegetable matter. It forms small flocks when not breeding.
This is a 50–60 cm (20–24 in) longbird. Its plumage is patterned with grey, brown, white and black, but this snowcock looks grey from any distance. The breast is darker and the flanks ruddier than the rest of the body. It has a white throat and a white patch on the side of the neck. The nape is rust-coloured.
In flight, this wary bird shows white flight feathers and undertail, and reddish sides to the tail. Male and female plumages are similar, but the juvenile is slightly smaller and duller in appearance.
Caucasian snowcock has a desolate whistling song, vaguely like aEurasian curlew,sooo-looo-leeee. The calls include loud cackles and bubbledbuck-buck-buck-buck-burrrrrr.
Media related toTetraogallus caucasicusat Wikimedia Commons