Cape Cod

Cape Codis a peninsula extending into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern corner ofMassachusetts, in the northeastern United States. This peninsula is part ofGreater Boston. Its historic, maritime character and ample beaches attract heavy tourism during the summer months. The name Cape Cod, coined in 1602 byBartholomew Gosnold, is the ninth oldest English place-name in the U.S.
As defined by theCape Cod Commission's enabling legislation, Cape Cod is coextensive withBarnstable County, Massachusetts.It extends fromProvincetownin the northeast toWoods Holein the southwest, and is bordered byPlymouthto the northwest. The Cape is divided into fifteentowns, several of which are in turn made up of multiple named villages. Cape Cod forms the southern boundary of theGulf of Maine, which extends north-eastward toNova Scotia.
Since 1914, most of Cape Cod has been separated from the mainland by theCape Cod Canal. The canal cuts 7 miles (11 km) roughly across the base of the peninsula, though small portions of the Cape Cod towns ofBourneandSandwichlie on the mainland side of the canal. Two highway bridges cross the Cape Cod Canal: theSagamore Bridgeand theBourne Bridge. In addition, theCape Cod Canal Railroad Bridgecarriesrailway freightand provides limited passenger service onto the Cape.
Like Cape Cod itself, the islands south of the Cape have evolved from whaling and trading areas to become resort destinations, attracting wealthy families, celebrities, and tourists. These include the large nearby islands ofNantucketandMartha's Vineyard.
Both islands are also famous summer tourist destinations, commonly accessed by ferry from several locations on the cape. The phrasesCape Cod and the Islandsandthe Cape and Islandsare often used to describe the whole region of Barnstable County,Dukes County(including Martha's Vineyard and the smallerElizabeth Islands), and Nantucket County.
Several small islands right off Cape Cod, includingMonomoy Island,Monomoscoy Island,Popponesset Island, andSeconsett Island, are also in Barnstable County.
TheForbes family-ownedNaushon Islandwas first purchased byJohn Murray Forbes. Naushon is one of the Elizabeth Islands, many of which are privately owned. One of the publicly accessible Elizabeths is the southernmost island in the chain,Cuttyhunk Island, with a year-round population of 52 people. Several prominent families have established compounds or estates on the larger islands, making these islands some of the wealthiest resorts in the Northeast, yet they retain much of the early merchant trading and whaling culture.
Cape Cod in particular is a popular retirement area; 31.8% of the population of Barnstable County is 65 years old or older.,and the average age of residents is the highest of any area inNew England.Cape Cod is majorityDemocrat, but by a smaller margin than the rest of Massachusetts.
The bulk of the land in the area isglacialterminal moraineand represents the southernmost extent of glacial coverage in southeast New England; similar glacial formations make upLong Islandin New York andBlock Islandin Rhode Island.
The name "Cape Cod", as it was first used in 1602, applied only to the very tip of the peninsula. It remained that way for 125 years until the "Precinct of Cape Cod" was incorporated as the Town of Provincetown. No longer in "official" use over the ensuing decades, the name came to mean all of the land east of the Manomet and Scusset rivers – essentially along the line that became the Cape Cod Canal. The creation of the canal separated the majority of the peninsula from the mainland. Many state and federal agencies, including theCape Cod Commissionand theFederal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA), treat the Cape as an island with regard to disaster preparedness, groundwater management, and other infrastructure factors.Cape Codders tend to refer to the land on the mainland side of the canal as "off-Cape", though the legal delineation of Cape Cod, coincident to the boundaries of Barnstable County, includes portions of the towns of Bourne and Sandwich that are located north of the canal.
Cape Cod Baylies in between Cape Cod and the mainland – bounded on the north by a line betweenProvincetownandMarshfield. North of Cape Cod Bay (and Provincetown) isMassachusetts Bay, which contains theStellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, located 5 miles (8 km) north of Provincetown. Cape Cod Bay and Massachusetts Bay are both part of the Gulf of Maine, which includes the waters between the Cape and Nova Scotia. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east of Cape Cod, and to the southwest of the Cape isBuzzards Bay. The Cape Cod Canal, completed in 1916, connects Buzzards Bay to Cape Cod Bay; its creation shortened the trade route between New York and Boston by 62 miles (100 km).
Cape Cod extends 65 miles (105 km) into the Atlantic Ocean, with a breadth of between 1–20 miles (1.6–32.2 km), and covers more than 400 miles (640 km) of shoreline.Its elevation ranges from 306 feet (93 m) at its highest point, at the top ofPine Hill, in the Bourne portion ofJoint Base Cape Cod, down to sea level.
Cape Cod and the Islands form part of a continuousarchipelagic regionconsisting of a chain of islands running from Long Island to the tip of the Cape. This region is historically and collectively known by naturalists as theOuter Lands.
Cape Cod incorporates all of Barnstable County, which comprises 15 towns:Bourne,Sandwich,Falmouth,Mashpee,Barnstable,Yarmouth,Harwich,Dennis,Brewster,Chatham,Orleans,Eastham,Wellfleet,Truro, andProvincetown. Each of these towns includes a number of villages; seeBarnstable Countyfor a complete list.
Barnstable, the most populated municipality on Cape Cod, is the only one to have adopted a city form of government, whose legislative body is an elected 13-membercouncil.However, like other smaller Massachusetts cities, Barnstable retained its "Town of Barnstable" moniker. All of the other towns elect a 5-memberBoard of Selectmenas the executive policy-setting board and utilizeTown Meetingsas their legislative body.
To the south of Cape Cod lieNantucket Sound;NantucketandMartha's Vineyard, both large islands; and the mostly privately ownedElizabeth Islands.
For most of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, Cape Cod was considered to consist of three sections (see map):
The bulk of the land on Cape Cod consists ofglacial landforms, formed byterminal moraineandoutwash plains. This represents the southernmost extent of glacial coverage in southeast New England; similar glacial formations make upLong Islandin New York andBlock IslandinRhode Island. Together, these formations are known as theOuter Lands, or more obscurely as the "Isles of Stirling". Geologically speaking, Cape Cod is quite young, having been laid down some 16,000 to 20,000 years ago.
Most of Cape Cod's geological history involves the advance and retreat of theLaurentide Ice Sheetin the latePleistocenegeological era and the subsequent changes in sea level.Usingradiocarbon datingtechniques, researchers have determined that around 23,000 years ago, the ice sheet reached its maximum southward advance over North America, and then started to retreat. Manykettle ponds– clear, cold lakes – were formed and remain on Cape Cod as a result of the receding glacier. By about 18,000 years ago, the ice sheet had retreated past Cape Cod. By roughly 15,000 years ago, it had retreated past southern New England. With so much of Earth's water locked up in massive ice sheets, the sea level was lower. Truro's bayside beaches used to be a petrified forest before it became a beach.
As the ice began to melt, the sea began to rise. Initially, sea level rose quickly, about 15 metres (49 ft) per 1,000 years, but then the rate declined. On Cape Cod, sea level rose roughly 3 metres (9.8 ft) per millennium between 6,000 and 2,000 years ago. After that, it continued to rise at about 1 metre (3.3 ft) per millennium. By 6,000 years ago, the sea level was high enough to start eroding the glacial deposits that the vanished continental ice sheet had left on Cape Cod. The water transported the eroded deposits north and south along the outer Cape's shoreline through a process known aslongshore drift. Those reworked sediments that moved north went to the tip of Cape Cod. The entire town of Provincetown, at the extreme tip of the Cape, is aspitconsisting largely of depositedmarine sedimentthat was eroded and transported from farther south along the shore. Those sediments that instead moved south created the islands and shoals of Monomoy. So while other parts of the Cape have dwindled from the action of the waves, these parts of the Cape have grown through thedepositionof sediment in just the last 6,000 years.
This process continues today. Due to their exposure to the open ocean, the Cape and islands are subject to considerablecoastal erosion. Due to erosion, the Cape will be completely submerged by the sea within several thousand years.This erosion causes the washout of beaches and the destruction of the barrier islands; for example, the ocean broke through the barrier island at Chatham duringHurricane Bobin 1991, allowing waves and storm surge to hit the coast with no obstruction. Consequently, the sediment and sand from the beaches are being washed away and deposited elsewhere. While this destroys land in some places, it creates land elsewhere, most noticeably in marshes where sediment is deposited by flowing water.
Cape Cod's aquifer consists of six hydrologically independentlensesfrom which all the towns on the Cape obtain drinking water (except Falmouth, which, in 2015, drew 43.5% of its water from Long Pond).Contamination with industrial chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs from septic systems is a concern.In 2023, the state began a nitrogen pollution regulation scheme for Cape Cod and the Islands to address overgrowth of algae, cyanobacteria, and plants.
Under theKöppen climate classification, the Cape Cod area has anoceanic climate. Locally, the Cape has a more moderate climate than inland locations in eastern New England. On occasion, it takes the brunt of extreme weather systems such as theBlizzard of 2005andHurricane Bob. Because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean on three sides, temperatures are typically a few degrees lower in the summer and often several degrees higher in the winter than the adjacent mainland. Two ocean currents (theGulf Stream, a warm ocean current from the south, and theLabrador Current, a cold ocean current from the north), meander and interact with each other. As a result, the ocean temperatures on the eastern shore of Cape Cod rarely get above 60 °F (16 °C), while along the southern coast (Nantucket Sound), water temperatures can sometimes reach 70 °F (21 °C) or higher.
The water surrounding Cape Cod moderates winter temperatures nearly enough to extend thehumid subtropicalclimate zone to what could be its northernmost limit in eastern North America, as the peninsula is split between USDAhardiness zones7a (Upper and Mid Cape) and 7b (Lower and Outer Cape).Consequently, many subtropical indicator plant species typically found in more southerly latitudes are grown there, includingCamellias,Ilex opaca,Magnolia grandifloraandAlbizia julibrissin. However, Cape Cod falls below the 72 °F (22 °C) threshold, as the warmest month, July, averages around 68.25 °F (20.14 °C).
Cape Cod's climate is also known for a delayed spring season due to the sea remaining cold from the winter; by the same token, the summer heat retained in the sea moderates fall temperatures in comparison to the adjacent inland area. The highest temperature yet recorded on the peninsula was 104 °F (40 °C) in Provincetown,the lowest temperature recorded was −12 °F (−24 °C) in Barnstable.
Precipitation on Cape Cod and the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket is the lowest in the southern New England region, averaging slightly less than 40 inches (100 cm) a year (most parts of New England average 42 to 46 inches (110 to 120 cm)). This is due to the maritime influence inhibiting summertime thunderstorm development and maintenance. The region does not experience a greater number of sunny days, however, as the number of cloudy days is the same as inland locales, in addition to increased fog. On average, roughly 27 inches (69 cm) of snow, which is about 17 inches (43 cm) less than Boston, falls in an average winter.
Once every five or six years, atropical storm, accompanied by very high and potentially damaging winds and heavy rain, will strike the region. About once every 11 or 12 years ahurricanebrings damaging winds andstorm surgesto the region. SeveralCategory 3storms have struck Cape Cod since record-keeping began, such as ahurricane in 1869, the1938 New England hurricane, andHurricane Carolin 1954. StrongCategory 2storms, such as the1869 Saxby Gale,Hurricane Ednain 1954, andHurricane Bobin 1991, also caused considerable damage. NotableCategory 1storms include the1944 Great Atlantic hurricaneandHurricane Donnain 1960. Other notable storms include theGale of 1815, which would likely have been rated a strong hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale, and the so-called "Perfect Storm" of October 31, 1991. TheFebruary 2013 nor'easterproduced winds in excess of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) and dropped over 24 inches (61 cm) of snow on some parts of Cape Cod. The storm knocked out power to tens of thousands of Cape Cod residents, some for up to two weeks.
Cape Cod has been the home of theindigenousWampanoagfor centuries prior toEuropean colonization. They lived from the sea and were accomplished farmers. They understood the principles ofsustainable forest management,and were known to lightcontrolled firesto keep the underbrush in check. They helped thePilgrims, who arrived in the fall of 1620, survive at their newPlymouth Colony.
The Wampanoag gradually lost their lands during the period of European incursion through land cessions and violent conflict with white settlers. The documentaryNatives of the Narrowland(1993), narrated by actressJulie Harris, shows the history of the Wampanoag people through Cape Cod archaeological sites.
In 1974, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was formed to articulate the concerns of those with Native American ancestry. They petitioned the federal government in 1975 and again in 1990 for official recognition of the Mashpee Wampanoag as a tribe. In May 2007, the Wampanoag tribe was federally recognized.
Cape Cod was a landmark for early explorers. It may have been the "Promontory ofVinland" mentioned by theNorsevoyagers (985–1025), although this is disputed. The Manomet River area (taken up by the western end of the Cape Cod Canal in the early 20th century) is claimed by some to have been visited byLeif Eiriksson,and a stone walldiscovered in Provincetown in 1805 is also claimed to have been built by his younger brotherThorvald Eirikssonaround AD 1007,when the keel of his ship was repaired in the harbor, according toNorse sagas. He was killed later in the same journey and is said to have been returned to this spot for burial.However, there is no tangible support of the presence of Norse voyagers in Cape Cod,and the view is not generally accepted by archaeologists or historians.
Giovanni da Verrazzanoapproached it from the south in 1524. He namedMartha's VineyardClaudia, afterClaude of France, the wife ofFrancis I of France.In 1525, Portuguese explorerEstêvão Gomescalled it Cabo de la Arenas while sailing under the Spanish crown.
In 1602,Bartholomew Gosnoldnamed the tip Cape Cod, the surviving term and the ninth oldest English place-name in the U.S.Samuel de Champlaincharted its sand-silted harbors in 1606, andHenry Hudsonlanded there in 1609. CaptainJohn Smithnoted it on his map of 1614, and at last thePilgrimsentered the "Cape Harbor" and made their first landing nearProvincetownon November 11, 1620. They had their first encounter with the native inhabitants in nearbyEastham.
Cape Cod was among the first places settled byPuritan colonistsin North America. The Cape's fifteen towns developed slowly, aside fromBarnstable(1639),Sandwich(1637), andYarmouth(1639). The final town to be established on the Cape wasBournein 1884, breaking off from Sandwich.Provincetown was a group of huts until the 18th century. A channel fromMassachusetts BaytoBuzzards Bayis shown on Southack's map of 1717. The present Cape Cod Canal was slowly developed from 1870 to 1914. The federal government purchased it in 1928.
Because of early colonial settlement and intensive land use, the Cape's vegetation wasdepauperateand trees were scarce by the time thatHenry Thoreausaw Cape Cod during his four visits over 1849 to 1857.The settlers heated by fires, and it took 10 to 20 cords (40 to 80 m) of wood to heat a home, so they cleared most of Cape Cod of timber early on. They planted familiar crops, but these were unsuited to Cape Cod's thin, glacially derived soils. For instance, much of Eastham was planted with wheat. The settlers practiced the burning of woodlands to release nutrients into the soil. Improper andintensive farmingled to erosion and the loss of topsoil. Farmers grazed their cattle on the grassy dunes of coastal Massachusetts, only to watch "in horror as the denuded sands 'walked' over richer lands, burying cultivated fields and fences." Dunes on the outer Cape became more common, and many harbors filled in with eroded soils.
By 1800, much of Cape Cod's firewood had to be transported by boat fromMaine. The paucity of vegetation was worsened by the raising ofmerinosheep that reached its peak in New England around 1840. The earlyIndustrial Revolutionoccurred through much of Massachusetts andRhode Island, but it mostly bypassed Cape Cod due to a lack of significant waterpower in the area. The Cape developed as a large fishing andwhalingcenter as a result, and also because of its geographic position. After 1860 and the opening of theAmerican West, farmers abandoned agriculture on the Cape. By 1950, forests had recovered to an extent not seen since the 18th century.
Cape Cod became a summer haven for city dwellers beginning at the end of the 19th century. Improved rail transportation made the towns of the Upper Cape, such asBourneandFalmouth, accessible toBostonians. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Northeastern mercantile elite built many large, shingled "cottages" alongBuzzards Bay. The relaxed summer environment offered by Cape Cod was highlighted by writers includingJoseph C. Lincoln, who published novels and countless short stories about Cape Cod folks in popular magazines such asThe Saturday Evening Postand theDelineator.
Guglielmo Marconimade the first transatlanticwirelesstransmission originating in the United States from Cape Cod, atWellfleet. The beach below the bluffs where his station was located is now calledMarconi Beach. In 1914, he began construction of a new transatlantic wireless receiver station inChathamand a companion transmitter station inMarion. In 1920, the stations were acquired by RCA and, in 1921, Chatham began operations as a maritime radio station communicating to ships at sea using the callsignWCC. WCC supported the communications ofAmelia Earhart,Howard Hughes,Admiral Byrd, and theHindenburg. Marconi chose Chatham due to its vantage point on the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded on three sides by water.Walter Cronkitenarrated a 17-minute documentary in 2005 about the history of the Chatham Station.
Much of the east-facing Atlantic seacoast of Cape Cod consists of wide, sandy beaches. In 1961, a significant portion of this coastline, already slated for housing subdivisions, was made a part of theCape Cod National Seashoreby PresidentJohn F. Kennedy. It was protected from private development and preserved for public use. Large portions are open to the public, including the Marconi Site inWellfleet. This is a park encompassing the site of the first two-way transoceanic radio transmission from the United States. (Theodore Rooseveltused Marconi's equipment for this transmission.)
TheKennedy CompoundinHyannis Portwas President Kennedy'ssummer White Houseduring his presidency, and the Kennedy family continues to maintain residences on the compound. PresidentGrover Clevelandmaintained a summer home in the Gray Gables section of Bourne. Other notable residents of Cape Cod have included actressJulie Harris, US Supreme Court justiceLouis Brandeis, figure skaterTodd Eldredge, composer and radio personalityCanary Burton, and novelistsNorman MailerandKurt Vonnegut. Influential natives included patriotJames Otis, historian and writerMercy Otis Warren, juristLemuel Shaw, and naval officerJohn Percival.
Beginning in 1797,lighthouseswere erected along Cape Cod to aid in navigation.Highland Light(or Cape Cod Light) is the oldest and tallest of these, and remains as one of a number of working lighthouses on Cape Cod and the Islands. Many of Cape Cod's earliest lighthouses featured a light tower that was attached directly to – and centered on the roof of – thekeeper's dwelling. A stairway to the lantern room was accessible only from the top floor of the house. This came to be known as aCape Cod stylelighthouse, yet today, the only fully intact specimens are on the west coast of the United States.
Most of Cape Cod's lighthouses are operated by the U.S. Coast Guard, with some exceptions, such as theNauset Light, which has been owned since 1997 by theCape Cod National Seashore(National Park Service) and operated since 2004 in partnership between that agency and the non-profit Nauset Light Preservation Society.
In 1996, both Highland Light and Nauset Light were moved further from the shore because they were each at risk of being lost due to erosion by the sea. Highland Light, then 110 ft (34 m) from the ocean, was moved 450 ft (140 m) to the west, and Nauset Light, 37 ft (11 m) from the bluff, was moved 300 ft (91 m) west.
The lighthouses of Cape Cod include:
Cape Cod is connected to the mainland by a pair of canal-spanning highway bridges, theBourneandSagamorethat were constructed in the 1930s (replacing a 1912 drawbridge). The two parallel road bridges are four miles apart, with the Bourne Bridge to the west, and the Sagamore to the east. The bridges form a bottleneck, resulting in traffic backups of several miles during the tourist season - especially going on-cape at the beginning of the weekend and off-cape at the end of the weekend.
The entire Cape is roughly bisected lengthwise byU.S. Route 6, locally known as the Mid-Cape Highway and officially as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Commercial air service to Cape Cod operates out ofCape Cod Gateway AirportandProvincetown Municipal Airport. General aviation airports are:
There is one military airport atOtis Air National Guard Base.
The closest major airports to Cape Cod areLogan International AirportandRhode Island T. F. Green International Airport.
Ferries running from Falmouth and one in Hyannis serve the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. There is also service between New Bedford and Martha's Vineyard. Additional services operate seasonally to and between the islands. Seasonal ferry services also operate between Boston and Provincetown.
Cape Cod Regional Transit Authorityoperates a year-round public bus system to all 15 Cape Cod towns. From mid-June until October, additional local routes are added throughout Cape Cod. CCRTA also operates Barnstable County'sADA-requiredparatransit(dial-a-ride) service, under the name "B-Bus."
Long-distance bus service is available throughPlymouth & BrocktonandPeter Pan Bus, with regular service toSouth StationandLogan International Airportin Boston, as well as less frequent service to Provincetown.Peter Pan Bus Linesalso runs long-distance service toProvidence, Rhode Islandand New York City.
The third bridge over the Cape Cod Canal is avertical-liftrailroad bridge, providing an alternative land transport option. After the bridge, the track splits in two directions, heading towards Hyannis in one direction and North Falmouth in the other. The track to Hyannis is used for both freight and passenger services, while the Falmouth track is used mostly for freight with very limited passenger service.
TheCapeFlyeris a seasonal passenger rail service between Boston and Hyannis that operates on summer weekends fromMemorial Daythrough Labor Day. Stops along or near the Cape includeBuzzards Bay,Bourne, andHyannis.
TheCape Cod Central Railroadis aheritage railroadon Cape Cod. The service is primarily tourist-oriented and includes a dinner train over a scenic route between Hyannis and the Cape Cod Canal lasting about 21⁄2hours round trip. Select trains feature stops atWest BarnstableandSandwich. Additional service is also provided from the Buzzards Bay station, and a small number of trains also depart from North Falmouth.
Active freight service remains in the Upper Cape, both along the main line from Bourne to Hyannis and on the spur to North Falmouth. One of the more frequent operations is the transport of municipal waste to a waste-to-energy plant inRochester, as well as the removal of debris and refuse fromJoint Base Cape Codin Falmouth.Massachusetts Coastal Railroadis currently the sole operator of freight rail on the Cape, taking over fromBay Colony Railroadin 2007.
Daily passenger rail service by theNew Haven Railroadfrom Boston to Cape Cod ended in June 1959. SummertimeDay Cape Codderservice by the New Haven from New York City to the Cape ended in 1964. In 1978, the tracks east of South Dennis were abandoned and replaced with theCape Cod Rail Trail. Another bike path, theShining Sea Bikeway, was built over abandoned tracks between Woods Hole and Falmouth in 1975, and in 2008 the 7.4-mile long (11.9 km) rail line between Falmouth and North Falmouth was removed and the right-of-way converted into an extension of the Shining Sea Bikeway.
In 1986,Amtrakoperated a seasonal service in the summer from New York City to Hyannis called theCape Codder. From 1988, Amtrak and theMassachusetts Department of Transportationincreased service to a daily frequency,until service ended in 1996, leaving a gap until the currentCapeFlyerservice began in 2013.
Bicycle and pedestrian access to the Cape is possible via a sidewalk on the southbound side of theBourne Bridge. There are a number of dedicated bike trails and paths around the Cape, including:
For long-distance biking, the mostly on-roadClaire Saltonstall Bikewayconnects Cape Cod to theCharles River Bike Pathin Boston.
Cape Cod has a year-round population of about 220,000, and it experiences a tourist season each summer, the beginning and end of which can be roughly approximated asMemorial Dayand Labor Day, respectively. Many businesses specifically target summer visitors, although the "on season" has been expanding somewhat in recent years due toIndian Summer, reduced lodging rates, the number of people visiting the Cape after Labor Day who have no school-age children, and the elderly—reducing the true "off-season" to six or seven months. In the late 20th century, tourists and owners of second homes began visiting the Cape more and more in the spring and fall, softening the definition of the high season and expanding it somewhat.
Provincetownberths the original East Coastwhale watchingfleet (Dolphin Fleet) who patrol theStellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. The fleet guarantees a whale sighting (mostlyhumpback whale,fin whale,minke whale,sei whale, and the critically endangeredNorth Atlantic right whale) and is the only federally certified operation qualified to rescue whales. Provincetown has also long been known as an art colony, attracting writers and artists. The town is home to the Cape's most attended art museum, theProvincetown Art Association and Museum.
Cape Cod is a popular destination for beachgoers from all over, with 559.6 miles (900.6 km) of coastline. Beaches—both public and private—are easily accessible. The Cape has upwards of sixty public beaches, many of which offer parking for non-residents for a daily fee (in summer). TheCape Cod National Seashorehas 40 miles (64 km) of sandy beach and many walking paths.
Cape Cod is also popular for its outdoor activities, such as beach walking, biking, boating, fishing, go-karts, golfing, kayaking, miniature golf, and unique shopping. There are 27 public, daily-fee golf courses and 15 private courses on Cape Cod.Bed and breakfastsor vacation houses are often used for lodging.
Each summer, the Naukabout Music Festival is held at the Barnstable County Fair Grounds located inEast Falmouth, typically during the first weekend of August. The festival features local, regional, and national talent, along with food, arts, and family-friendly activities. Some particularly well-known Cape products and industries includecranberries,shellfish(particularlyoystersand clams), andlobstering.
Cape Cod is known around the world as a spring-to-fall destination for sport anglers. Among the species most widely pursued arestriped bass,bluefish,bluefin tuna, false albacore (little tunny),bonito,tautog,flounderandfluke. The Cape Cod Bay side of the Cape, from Sandwich to Provincetown, has numerous harbors, saltwater creeks, and shoals that hold bait fish and attract the larger game fish, such as striped bass, bluefish and bluefin tuna.
The outer edge of the Cape, from Provincetown to Falmouth, faces the open Atlantic from Provincetown to Chatham, and then the more protected water of Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, from Chatham to Falmouth. The bays, harbors and shoals along this coastline also provide a robust habitat for game species, and during the late summer months warm-water species such asmahi-mahiandmarlinwill also appear on the southern edge of Cape Cod's waters. Nearly every harbor on Cape Cod hosts sport fishing charter boats, which run from May through October.
One of the most popular fishing spots on the East Coast is the Cape Cod Canal. Striped bass, especially, in season attract anglers from far and wide. A large part of the attraction involves ease of access. Ample free parking exists all along the waterway, and the banks are a short walk from one's vehicle. This reduces fishing to the basics – a pole and a few lures.
The Cape has nine amateur baseball franchises playing within Barnstable County in theCape Cod Baseball League. TheWareham Gatemenalso play in the Cape Cod Baseball League in nearbyWarehaminPlymouth County. The league's beginning is unsettled, even fanciful. Without any basis whatsoever, some claim a start date of 1875. However, the first Cape Cod League was formed in Sandwich in 1910. It did not last. Three years later - in 1913 - another Cape Cod Baseball League was organized. This venture lasted two years. In 1916, a third attempt at league play barely got off the ground. Then, in 1923, an initial four teams met in Hyannis and started a successful federation along the lines of the present league. Outstanding players from throughout the region competed until the war effort led to a shutdown in 1940. In 1946, the local town teams from the prewar County Twilight League and Lower Cape Cod League organized under the Cape Cod Baseball League banner. As the years passed, local players were moved aside by outside college stars. Finally, in 1963, the league became a wholly summer collegiate circuit sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association with some Major League financial support.The current teams in the league are theBourne Braves,Brewster Whitecaps,Chatham Anglers(formerly the Chatham Athletics),Cotuit Kettleers,Falmouth Commodores,Harwich Mariners,Hyannis Harbor Hawks(formerly the Hyannis Mets),Orleans Firebirds(formerly the Orleans Cardinals),Wareham Gatemenand theYarmouth–Dennis Red Sox.MLB scoutsfrequent the games in the summer, looking for stars of the future.
Along with theCape Cod Baseball Leagueand the new Junior Hockey League team, theCape Cod Islanders, many high school players are being recruited as well. Barnstable and Harwich have each sent multiple players to Division 1 colleges for baseball. Harwich has also won three state titles since 1996 (1996, 2006, 2007). Bourne and Sandwich, rivals in hockey, have each won state championships recently, Bourne in 2004 and Sandwich in 2007. Nauset, Barnstable, and Martha's Vineyard are also state hockey powerhouses. Barnstable and Falmouth hold the title of havingone of the longest Thanksgiving football rivalries in the country. The teams have played each other every year on Thanksgiving since 1895. High school football teams on the Cape have also recently become successful and the region has also become a hot spot for college recruiting. In 2011, four high school football teams from the Cape won state championships in their respective divisions; Dennis-Yarmouth (Division 2A), Bourne (Division 3A), Mashpee (Division 4), as well as Nantucket and Upper Cape Cod Tech (Division 5). Also, numerous other Cape schools have made appearances in the football state championship game recently, including Barnstable in 2012, Martha's Vineyard in 2008, Cape Cod Tech in 2006, and Dennis-Yarmouth in 2013. The Bourne and Barnstable girls' volleyball teams are two of the best teams in the state and Barnstable is considered one of the best programs in the country. Bourne won the state title in 2003 and 2007, and Barnstable has won 12 Division 1 state titles in the past 13 years and has won the state title three consecutive seasons (2011 to 2013). In the 2010 cross-country season, Sturgis Charter Public School's Division 4 cross-country team remained virtually unbeaten throughout their running season.
The end of each summer is marked with the running of theFalmouth Road Race, held on the third Saturday in August. It draws about 10,000 runners to the Cape and showcases the finest runners in the world (mainly for the large purse that the race is able to offer). The race is 7.0 miles (11.3 km)long, which is a non-standard distance. The reason for the unusual distance is that the man who thought the race up (Tommy Leonard) was a bartender who wanted a race along the coast from one bar (The Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole) to another (The Brothers Four in Falmouth Heights). While the bar in Falmouth Heights is now the British Beer Company, the race still starts at the front door of the Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole and now finishes at the beach in Falmouth Heights. Prior to the Falmouth race is an annual 5-mile (8.0 km) race through Brewster called the Brew Run, held early in August.
Every town on the Cape has access to elementary, middle, and high school education, although some schools service multiple towns. These schools includeDennis-Yarmouth Regional High School, located in Yarmouth, which serves Yarmouth and Dennis;Monomoy Regional High School, located in Harwich, which serves Harwich and Chatham; andNauset Regional High Schoolin Eastham, which serves the towns of Brewster, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown.
Barnstable High Schoolis the Cape's largest.Sturgis Charter Public School, a public charter school in Hyannis, is open to students from the Cape and surrounding regions, extending as far asPlymouth. The Cape also has two vocational high schools. One is theCape Cod Regional Technical High Schoolin Harwich, and the other isUpper Cape Cod Regional Technical High Schoolin Bourne.
In 1976 the Cape schools and districts petitioned the Massachusetts Legislature to create an educational collaborative, the Cape Cod Collaborative, to facilitate cooperation and efficiency in providing gifted and talented, and special needs programs. With locations in Osterville and Bourne the Cape Cod Collaborative provides transportation services, professional development, autism support, developmental training, itinerant services and an alternative education program. Each summer, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, it operates a science-based program for gifted and talented students from around the Cape.
Mashpee High Schoolis home to the Mashpee Chapter of SMPTE, theSociety of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. This chapter is the first and only high school chapter in the world to be a part of this organization and has received much recognition within the Los Angeles broadcasting industry as a result.
In addition to public schools, Cape Cod has a wide range of private schools. The town of Barnstable has Trinity Christian Academy,Cape Cod Academy, St. Francis Xavier Preparatory School, andSaint John Paul II High School. Sandwich offers the Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Harwich offers the Lighthouse Charter School for elementary and middle school students, and Falmouth offersFalmouth Academy.Riverview Schoolis located in East Sandwich and is a special co-ed boarding school that serves students as old as 22 who have learning disabilities.
Cape Cod contains three institutions of higher education. One is theCape Cod Community Collegelocated in West Barnstable. The second isMassachusetts Maritime Academyin the village ofBuzzards Bay. Massachusetts Maritime Academy is the oldest continuously operating maritime college in the United States. The third isBridgewater State University, which opened a satellite campus inSouth Yarmouthin January 2015. The school will provide 40 undergraduate and graduate courses leading to the completion of bachelor's degree and master's degree programs in Early Childhood Education, Educational Leadership, Secondary Education, Reading, and Special Education. The campus will also offer Certificate Programs in Business and Social Work. Undergraduate credit courses in History are also available.
Celebrated naturalist and philosopherHenry David Thoreauwrote about an 1849 trip along the Cape. His bookCape Codwas published posthumously in 1865.
TheCape Codder cocktailis named after the peninsula; both are notable forcranberry. Cape Cod also generated a distinctiveCape style houseandCape lighthouse.
ArtistEdward Hopperowned a summer house in Truro and painted numerous Cape scenes includingCorn Hill(1930),Highland Light, North Truro(1930),Rich's House(1930),High Road(1931),House on Dune Edge(1931),Cold Storage Plant(1933), andCottages at North Truro(1936).
According toCole Porter's song "Let's Do It," "cold Cape Cod clams 'gainst their wish do it."
The popular record "Old Cape Cod" sung byPatti Pagepublished in 1957 praises the destination of Cape Cod.
In 1996, Massachusetts began issuing a "Cape & Islands" specialtyregistration plate.