පල්ලිය (ගොඩනැගිල්ල)

පල්ලිය,පල්ලි ගොඩනැගිල්ලහෝපල්ලි නිවසයනු ක්‍රිස්තියානි නමස්කාර සේවා සහ අනෙකුත් ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගමික කටයුතු සඳහා භාවිතා කරන ගොඩනැගිල්ලකි. 233 සහ 256 අතර ආරම්භ කරන ලද පැරණිතම ක්‍රිස්තියානි පල්ලිය වන්නේ ගෘහ දේවස්ථානයකි. 11 සිට 14 වන සියවස දක්වා බටහිර යුරෝපයේ පල්ලි ඉදිකිරීමේ රැල්ලක් පැවතුනි.
සමහර විට, "පල්ලිය" යන වචනය වෙනත් ආගම්වල ගොඩනැගිලි සඳහා සාදෘශ්‍ය ලෙස භාවිතා කරයි.සමස්තයක් ලෙස ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගමික ප්‍රජාව හෝ ලොව පුරා සිටින ක්‍රිස්තියානි ඇදහිලිවන්තයන්ගේ ශරීරයක් හෝ රැස්වීමක් විස්තර කිරීමට ද "පල්ලිය" භාවිතා වේ.
සාම්ප්‍රදායිකක්‍රිස්තියානි ගෘහනිර්මාණ ශිල්පයතුළ, පල්ලියකසැලසුම් දැක්මබොහෝ විටක්‍රිස්තියානි කුරුසයක්ලෙස සාදයි; මධ්‍යඅයිලයසහ ආසන සිරස් කදම්භය නියෝජනය කරන අතරබෙමාවසහපූජාසනයතිරස්ව සාදයි. කුළුණු හෝ ගෝලාකාර ගර්භයස්වර්ගයගැන මෙනෙහි කිරීමට පෙළඹවිය හැක. නූතන පල්ලිවල විවිධවාස්තුවිද්‍යාත්මක ශෛලියසහ පිරිසැලසුම් ඇත. වෙනත් අරමුණු සඳහා නිර්මාණය කරන ලද සමහර ගොඩනැගිලි පල්ලි බවට පරිවර්තනය කර ඇති අතර බොහෝ මුල් පල්ලි ගොඩනැගිලි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහා යොදා ගෙන ඇත.
"පල්ලිය" යන වචනයපැරැණි ඉංග්‍රීසිcirice, "ක්‍රිස්තියානි නමස්කාරය සඳහා වෙන් කර ඇති එක්රැස්වීමේ ස්ථානය" යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වී ඇත්තේ ප්‍රොටෝ-ජර්මානු "කිරිකා" යන්නෙනි. මෙය බොහෝ විට පැරණි ග්‍රීකkyriake (oikia),kyriakon doma, "The Lord's (house)",kyrios, "ryler, lord" වෙතින් ගොතික් භාෂාව හරහා භාවිතයට ගන්නට ඇත.Kyriosඅනෙක් අතට පැමිණෙන්නේ ප්‍රෝටෝ-ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා මූලයෙන් වන*keueඑනම් "ඉදිමීම" යන්නයි.
ග්‍රීකයන්kyriakon, "ස්වාමින්ගේ" යන අරුත ඇති වචනය,ආ.300 ADසිට ක්‍රිස්තියානි නමස්කාර නිවාසවල, විශේෂයෙන් නැඟෙනහිර ප්‍රදේශයේ භාවිතා කර ඇත, නමුත් මෙම අර්ථයම ඇති වෙනත් වචන වනekklesiaහෝbasilikeවලට වඩා අඩුවෙන් පොදු විය.
The earliest archeologically identified Christian church is ahouse church(domus ecclesiae), theDura-Europos church, founded between 233 and 256.===පෞරාණිකත්වය===
ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 3 වැනි සියවසේ දෙවන භාගයේදී ක්‍රිස්තියානි නමස්කාරය සඳහා ප්‍රථම අරමුණින් ගොඩනඟන ලද ශාලා (ඕලා එක්ලෙසියා) ඉදිකිරීමට පටන් ගත්තේය. මේවායින් බොහොමයක් ඊළඟ ශතවර්ෂයේ මුල් භාගයේදී ඩයොක්ලීටියානු පීඩාවේදී විනාශයට පත් වුවද. මහා කොන්ස්ටන්ටයින් අධිරාජ්‍යයාගේ පාලන සමයේදී ඊටත් වඩා විශාල හා වඩාත් සවිස්තරාත්මක පල්ලි පෙනෙන්නට පටන් ගත්තේය.
From the 11th through the 14th centuries, a wave of cathedral-building and construction of smallerparish churchesoccurred acrossWestern Europe. Besides serving as aplace of worship, the cathedral or parish church was frequently employed as a general gathering-place by the communities in which they were located, hosting such events asguildmeetings,banquets,mystery plays, andfairs. Church grounds and buildings were also used for the threshing and storage of grain.
Between 1000 and 1200 theromanesquestyle became popular acrossEurope. The romanesque style is defined by large and bulky edifices that are typically made up of simple, compact, sparsely decorated geometric structures. Frequent features of the Romanesque church includecircular arches, round oroctagonaltowers andcushion capitalson pillars. In the early romanesque era,cofferingon the ceiling was fashionable, while later in the same era,groined vaultgained popularity. Interiors widened and the motifs of sculptures took on more epic traits and themes.
TheGothicstyle emerged around 1140 inÎle-de-Franceand subsequently spread throughout Europe. Gothic churches lost the compact qualities of the romanesque era and decorations often containedsymbolicandallegoricalfeatures. The firstpointed arches,rib vaultsandbuttressesbegan to appear, all possessing geometric properties that reduced the need for large, rigid walls to ensure structural stability. This also permitted the size of windows to increase, producing brighter and lighter interiors.Naveceilings became higher and pillars and steeples grew taller. Many architects used these developments to push the limits of structural possibility, an inclination which resulted in the collapse of several towers possessing designs that had unwittingly exceeded the boundaries of soundness. In Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain, it became popular to buildhall churches, a style in which everyvaultwould be built to the same height.
Gothic cathedrals were lavishly designed, as in the romanesque era, and many share romanesque traits. However, several also exhibit unprecedented degrees of detail and complexity in decoration. TheNotre-Dame de ParisandNotre-Dame de Reimsin France, as well as theSan Francesco d’AssisiinPalermo, and theSalisbury CathedralandWool Churchin England andSanthome ChurchinChennai,Indiashows the elaborate stylings characteristic of Gothic cathedrals.
Some of the most well-known gothic churches remained unfinished for centuries, after the gothic style fell out of popularity. The construction of theCologne Cathedral, which was begun in 1248, halted in 1473, and not resumed until 1842 is one such example.
In the 15th and 16th century, the change in ethics and society due to theRenaissanceand theReformationalso influenced the building of churches. The common style was much like the gothic style, but in a simplified way. Thebasilicawas not the most popular type of church anymore, but insteadhall churcheswere built. Typical features are columns and classicalcapitals.
InProtestant churches, where the proclamation of God's Word is of special importance, the visitor's line of view is directed towards thepulpit.
TheBaroquestyle was first used in Italy around 1575. From there it spread to the rest of Europe and to the European colonies. During thebaroqueera, the building industry increased heavily. Buildings, even churches, were used as indicators for wealth, authority and influence. The use of forms known from therenaissancewere extremely exaggerated.Domesandcapitalswere decorated with moulding and the formerstuccosculptures were replaced byfrescopaintings on the ceilings. For the first time, churches were seen as one connected work of art and consistent artistic concepts were developed. Instead of long buildings, more central-plan buildings were created. The sprawling decoration with floral ornamentation and mythological motives raised until about 1720 to theRococoera.
TheProtestantparishespreferred lateral churches, in which all the visitors could be as close as possible to thepulpitand thealtar.
පල්ලි සඳහා පොදු ගෘහනිර්මාණ ශිල්පයක් වන්නේකුරුසයකහැඩයයි.(දිගු මධ්‍යම සෘජුකෝණාස්‍රයක්, පැති සෘජුකෝණාස්‍රයක් සහපූජාසනයඅවකාශය හෝ අභයභූමිය සඳහා ඉදිරිපස සෘජුකෝණාස්‍රයක්). මෙම පල්ලිවල බොහෝ විට අභ්‍යන්තරයේඩෝමයක්හෝ වෙනත් විශාලසුරක්ෂිතාගාරඅවකාශයක් ඇත. පල්ලි සඳහා වන අනෙකුත් පොදු හැඩතල අතරට කවයක්, සදාකාලිකත්වය නියෝජනය කිරීම හෝ පල්ලිය ලෝකයට ආලෝකය ගෙන ඒම නියෝජනය කිරීම සඳහාඅෂ්ටාෂ්‍රයහෝ සමාන තරු හැඩයක් ඇතුළත් වේ. තවත් පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් වන්නේ පල්ලියේ "බටහිර" කෙළවරේ හෝහරස් කිරීමමත ඇති උස කුළුණකි.
බොහෝ ක්‍රිස්තියානි පල්ලිවල තවත් පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් වන්නේ ඉදිරිපස පූජාසනයේ නැගෙනහිර දිශානතියයි.බොහෝ විට, පූජාසනය නැඟෙනහිර දෙසට නොව හිරු නැඟෙන දිශාවට යොමු කෙරේ. මෙම සම්ප්‍රදාය 4 වන සියවසේ බයිසැන්තියම් වලින් ආරම්භ වූ අතර 8 සිට 9 වන සියවස දක්වා බටහිර රටවල ප්‍රචලිත විය.
බටහිර කෙළවරේ පූජාසනය සහ නැගෙනහිරින් පිවිසුම තිබීමේ පැරණි රෝම චාරිත්‍රය සමහර විට 11 වන සියවසේ අගභාගයේදී පවා ෆ්‍රෑන්ක් පාලනය යටතේ උතුරු යුරෝපයේ ප්‍රදේශවල පවා අනුගමනය කරන ලදී. පීටර්ෂවුසන් (කොන්ස්ටන්ස්), බැම්බර්ග් ආසන දෙව්මැදුර, ඕග්ස්බර්ග් ආසන දෙව්මැදුර. , Regensburg ආසන දෙව්මැදුර, සහ Hildesheim ආසන දෙව්මැදුර මේවාට උදාහරණ වේ.
TheLatinwordbasilicawas originally used to describe aRomanpublic building usually located in theforumof a Roman town.After theRoman Empirebecameofficially Christian, the term came by extension to refer to a large and important church that has been given special ceremonial rights by thePope.The word thus retains two senses today, one architectural and the other ecclesiastical.
A cathedral is a church, usuallyCatholic,Anglican,Oriental OrthodoxorEastern Orthodox, housing the seat of a bishop. The word cathedral takes its name fromcathedra, or Bishop's Throne (Inලතින්:ecclesia cathedralis). The term is sometimes (improperly) used to refer to any church of great size.
A church that has the function of cathedral is not necessarily a large building. It might be as small asChrist Church CathedralinOxford, England,Porvoo CathedralinPorvoo, Finland,Sacred Heart CathedralinRaleigh, United States, orChurCathedral in Switzerland. However, frequently, the cathedral along with some of the abbey churches, was thelargest buildingin any region.
A pilgrimage church is a church to whichpilgrimagesare regularly made, or a church along a pilgrimage route, often located at the tomb of asaints, or holding icons orrelicsto which miraculous properties are ascribed, the site ofMarian apparitions, etc.
A conventual church (or monastery church,minster,katholikon) is the main church in a Christianmonasteryorabbey.
During the Middle Ages, a proprietary church was a church, abbey or cloister built on private ground by a feudal lord, over which he retained proprietary interests.
A collegiate church is a church where thedaily officeof worship is maintained by acollegeofcanons, which may be presided over by adeanorprovost.
Collegiate churches were often supported by extensive lands held by the church, or bytitheincome fromappropriatedbenefices. They commonly provide distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of their clerical community.
The architecture ofevangelicalplaces of worship is mainly characterized by its sobriety.TheLatin crossis a well knownChristian symbolthat can usually be seen on the building of an evangelical church and that identifies the place's belonging.Some services take place in theaters, schools or multipurpose rooms, rented for Sunday only.There is usually abaptisteryat the front of the church (in what is known as thechancelin historic traditions) or in a separate room forbaptisms by immersion.
Worship services take on impressive proportions in themegachurches(churches where more than 2,000 people gather every Sunday). In some of these megachurches, more than 10,000 people gather every Sunday. The term gigachurch is sometimes used.For example,Lakewood Church(United States) orYoido Full Gospel Church(South Korea).
In some countries of the world which applyshariaorcommunism, government authorizations for worship are complex for Christians.Because ofpersecution of Christians, Evangelicalhouse churcheshave thus developed.For example, there is theEvangelical house churches in Chinamovement.The meetings thus take place in private houses, in secret and in "illegality".
Old and disused church buildings can be seen as an interesting proposition for developers as the architecture and location often provide for attractive homesor city centre entertainment venuesOn the other hand, many newer churches have decided to host meetings in public buildings such as schools,universities,cinemasor theatres.
There is another trend to convert old buildings forworshiprather than face the construction costs and planning difficulties of a new build. Unusual venues in the UK include a former tram power station,a formerbus garage,a former cinema andbingohall,a formerTerritorial Armydrill hall,and a formersynagogue.HMSTeesserved as a floating church for mariners atLiverpoolfrom 1827 until she sank in 1872.A windmill has also been converted into a church atReigate Heath.
There has been an increase in partnerships between church management and private real estate companies to redevelop church properties into mixed uses. While it has garnered criticism from some, the partnership offers congregations the opportunity to increase revenue while preserving the property.
සැකිල්ල:Place of worship