Gate of the Sun

TheGate of the Sun, also known as theGateway of the Sun(in older literature simply called "(great) monolithic Gateway of Ak-kapana",is a monolithicgatewayat the site of Tiahuanaco by theTiwanakuculture, anAndean civilizationofBoliviathat thrived aroundLake Titicacain theAndesof westernSouth Americaaround 500-950 AD.
Tiwanaku is located near Lake Titicaca at about 12,549.2 ft (3,825.0 m) above sea level nearLa Paz, Bolivia. The Gate of the Sun is approximately 9.8 ft (3.0 m) tall and 13 ft (4.0 m) wide, and was carved from a single piece of stone. Its weight is estimated to be 10tons.When rediscovered by European explorers in the mid-19th century, the megalith was lying horizontally and had a large crack through it.  It presently stands in the location where it was found, although it is believed that this is not its original site, which remains uncertain.
Some elements of Tiwanaku iconography spread throughoutPeruand parts of Bolivia.  Although there have been various modern interpretations of the mysterious inscriptions found on the object, the carvings that decorate the gate are believed to possess astronomical and/or astrological significance and may have served a calendrical purpose.In addition, scholars suggest that the design below the central figure is meant to represent celestial cycles.Being a later monument to the site in which it stands, the Gateway of the Sun could have also represented a transition from lunar religion to a solar religion based on its positioning to the sun to the West.
Among the early investigators of the Gate of the Sun wereArthur PosnanskyandEdmund Kiss, who each interpreted this monument in the context of erroneous theories of an early contact with Nordic Aryans. Their interpretations lacked modern data and methods and are now regarded aspseudoarchaeology.
The frieze of the Gateway's front-side shows SAIS ("Southern Andean Iconographic Series") Iconography. The figures and ornaments in the peripheral sections which do not show sharp lines like those of the central section were added later.It shows 48 (originally 30) subsidiary figures often called "attendants". There are 32 (originally 20) attendants with human heads and 16 (originally 10)anthropomorphicfigures with avian heads. All run towards the central motif: a human or human-like figure inStaff Godpose (a religious Andean icon) whose head is surrounded by 24 linear "rays", thought by some to represent rays of theSun. However, interpretations other than "rays of the sun" are possible.The vertical attribute the central figure is holding in its left hand is a stylizedSpear-thrower. Some historians and archaeologists suggested that the central figure could be the Inca godViracochaor theAymaraweather godgodThunupa.Others think that it is possible that weaponry may point to individuals of a non-supernatural nature. The spatial organization of Tiwanaku "Staff Gods" may indicate that the personages represent ritual practitioners.
Scholars have drawn comparisons between the Inca and Tiwanaku icons as evidence of Tiwanaku influence had on Inca mythology andiconography.
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