Sex toy

Asex toyis an object or device that is primarily used to facilitatesexual pleasure, such as adildo,artificial vaginaorvibrator.  Many popular sex toys are designed to resemble human genitals, and may be vibrating or non-vibrating. The termsex toycan also includeBDSMapparatus andsex furnituresuch assex swings; however, it is not applied to items such asbirth control,pornography, orcondoms. Alternative terms forsex toyincludeadult toyand the dated euphemismmarital aid.Marital aidalso has a broader meaning and is applied todrugs and herbs marketed to enhance or prolong sex.
Sex toys are most commonly sold atsex shopsoronline, but they may also be sold in a pharmacy or chemist store, a pornographic store, ahead shop, or a department store. Sex toys are available in almost all countries for males and females.
Another form of sex toys for both men and women are those for erotic electrostimulation. Erotic electrostimulation refers to the act of using electricity for sexual stimulation. By the mid-1970s, medicaltranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) machines were widely available. The machines work by stimulating nerve endings with electricity, sending signals of stimulation to the brain. Electrostimulation works off this same principle, when the brain received a signal of stimulation from the genitals, pleasure hormones are released.
Erotic furniture is furniture specially shaped for comfort, penetration levels, and stimulation. Also known assex furniture, it is a form offurniturethat can act as an aid tosexual activity. While almost anything can be used for this purpose, with the most common form of furniture employed for sexual activity being thebed, couches and sofas, these are not strictlyeroticfurniture, as their primary use is not erotic.
Specifically designed furniture for erotic purposes can include:
Erotic furniture can also act as an aid for those with physical disabilities, whether intentionally or unintentionally, putting less strain on the body or even making some positions attainable. A few examples of erotic furniture that frequently do this are angled foam wedges and pillows, some sex swings, and sex gliders specifically designed for people with spinal injury and paralysis from the midsection and down.
Glass sex toys are commonly made from clear medical gradeborosilicate glass("hard glass"). This particular type of safety toughened glass is non-toxic and will withstand extreme temperatures as well as physical shock without compromising its structural integrity.
The choice of this high-grade material provides safety in use and the option to heat or chill the toys. Borosilicate glass is also non-porous and can be sterilized to help prevent infection with reuse. The highest quality glass toys can even be put in the dishwasher making them easier to keep clean. As well as their practical qualities, a main selling point of glass sex toys is their visual appeal.
Some glass sex toys vibrate.  There are two main ways this can be achieved. Either the toy may have a hole into which a small bullet vibrator can be inserted, or the core of the glass design can be modified to form a standard vibrator. The latter option usually has a plastic cap covering the battery compartment, which will also house any control buttons or switches.
Vibrators are electric motor-powered devices intended to stimulate the body by creating a pulsating or buzzing sensation. Vibrators come in a range of shapes and sizes, for internal or external use.  Some vibrators intended for internal use arephallicin shape.  Small vibrators may have a stretchy loop attachment for use as a finger toy orcock ring. Penetrative vibrators usually measure twelve to eighteen cm (five to seven inches) in length and two to five cm (one to two inches) wide often to mimic the size of the averagehuman penis.
Dildos in one form or another have existed widely in history.Artifactsfrom theUpper Paleolithicof a type calledbâton de commandementhave been speculated to have been used for sexual purposes.Few archaeologists consider these items as sex toys, but archaeologistTimothy Taylorput it, "Looking at the size, shape, and—some cases—explicit symbolism of the ice age batons, it seems disingenuous to avoid the most obvious and straightforward interpretation. But it has been avoided."
The first dildos were made of stone, tar, wood, bone, ivory, limestone, teeth,and other materials that could be shaped as penises and that were firm enough to be used as penetrative sex toys. Scientists believe that a 20-centimeter siltstonephallusfrom the Upper Palaeolithic period 30,000 years ago, found inHohle FelsCave near Ulm,Germany, may have been used as a dildo.Prehistoric double-headed dildos have been found which date anywhere from 13 to 19,000 years ago. Various paintings from ancient Egypt around 3000 BCE feature dildos being used in a variety of ways. In medieval times, a plant called the "cantonese groin" was soaked in hot water to enlarge and harden for women to use as dildos.Dildo-likebreadsticks, known asolisbokollikes(sing.olisbokollix),were known in Ancient Greece prior to the 5th century BC.In Italy during the 1400s, dildos were made of leather, wood, or stone.Chinesewomen in the 15th century used dildos made of lacquered wood with textured surfaces, and were sometimes buried with them.Nashe's early-1590s workThe Choise of Valentinesmentions a dildo made from glass.Dildos also appeared in 17th and 18th century Japan, inshunga. In these erotic novels, women are shown enthusiastically buying dildos, some made out of water buffalo horns.
Dildos were not just used for sexual pleasure. Examples from the Eurasia Ice Age (40,000-10,000 BCE) and Roman era are speculated to have been used fordeflorationrituals.
Many references to dildos exist in thehistoricalandethnographicliterature. Haberlandt,for example, illustrates single anddouble-ended wooden dildosfrom late 19th centuryZanzibar. With the invention of modern materials, making dildos of different shapes, sizes, colors and textures became more practical.
Greek dildos were often made out of leather stuffed with wool in order to give it varying degrees of thickness and firmness. They were often lubricated with olive oil, and used for sexual practice and other activities. The Greeks were also one of the first groups to use the term "toy" in reference to a dildo.Dildos may be seen in some examples ofancient Greek vase art. Some pieces show their use in group sex or in solitary female masturbation.One vessel, of about the sixth century BCE, depicts a scene in which a woman bends over to performoral sexon a man, while another man is about to thrust a dildo into heranus.
Page DuBois, a classicist and feminist theorist, suggests that dildos were present in Greek art because the ancient Greek male imagination found it difficult to conceive of sex taking place without penetration. Therefore, female masturbation or sex between women required an artificial phallus to be used.
Electromechanical vibrators were first invented byJoseph Mortimer Granvillein the late 1880s. Its intended use was to treat muscle pains in men, not a sexual device.
Several theories have been proposed to explain how the technology grew to also have sexual uses.Rachel Maines' claims inThe Technology of Orgasmabout physicians using vibrators to cure hysteria through inducing anorgasm(referred to at the time as a 'paroxysm') have been widely cited in academic documents and the media as the origins of vibrators' sexual origins. However, these claims lack valid evidence.
Hallie Lieberman's more plausible historical account is that American vibrator companies started targeting household appliance and electrotherapeutic device markets in the early 1900s. It was advertised overtly as a tool to relax, assist with labor in the home, and a general medical cure-all, but coded language and imagery hinted at its potential sexual uses as well.
In the late 1960s, sex-positive second-wave feministBetty Dodsonorganized group mastrubation workshops in New York City, encouraging women to become more independent sexually. In these sessions, Dodson encouraged the use of theHitachi Magic Wand, a wand vibrator intended for muscle pain relief.Inspired by her workshops, Dell Williams launched “Eve’s Garden” in the same city, which marked history as the first feminist sex toy shop in the US.
This movement culturally rebranded the product as a sex toy, although Hitachi would not market it for its sexual uses. Although Hitachi briefly ceased manufacturing of the product in 2013 due to concerns of being associated to a popular sex toy, they later decided to continue manufacturing it under as the "Original Magic Wand" under the sex toy distribution company Vibratex.
Dildos are mentioned several times inAristophanes' comedy of 411 BCE,Lysistrata.
Herodas' short comic play,Mime VI, written in the 3rd century BCE, is about a woman called Metro, anxious to discover from a friend where she recently acquired a dildo.
She eventually discovers the maker to be a man called Kerdon, who hides his trade by the front of being a cobbler, and leaves to seek him out. Metro and Kerdon are main characters in the next play in the sequence,Mime VII, when she visits his shop.
The Talmud'sAvodah ZarahTractate records the interpretation whichRav Yosef bar Hiyyagave to the Biblical reference of KingAsa of Judahhaving "deposed his grandmotherMaakahfrom her position as Queen Mother, because she had made a repulsive image for the worship ofAsherah. Asa cut it down and burned it in theKidron Valley" ( Kings 15:13, 2 Chronicles 15:16). According to Rav Yosef, Maakah had installed "the likeness of a male organ" on her Asherah image "and she would engage in sexual activity with it daily".
In the early 1590s, the English playwrightThomas Nashewrote a poem known asThe Choise of Valentines,Nashe's DildoorThe Merrie Ballad of Nashe his Dildo. This was not printed at the time, due to its obscenitybut it was still widely circulated and made Nashe's name notorious.The poem describes a visit to a brothel by a man called "Tomalin"; he is searching for his sweetheart, Francis, who has become a prostitute. The only way he can see her is to hire her. However, she resorts to using a glass dildo as he finds himself unable to perform sexually to her satisfaction.
Dildos are humorously mentioned in Act IV, scene iv of Shakespeare'sThe Winter's Tale. This play andBen Jonson's playThe Alchemist(1610) are typically cited as the first use of the word in publication (Nashe'sMerrie Balladwas not published until 1899).
In 1673, the parliament of the United-Kingdom refused the marriage between the presumed heir of thethrone,James of York, and theCatholicMaria d'Este of Modena. The same year,John Wilmot, the seventeenth-century Englishlibertine, published the poemSignor Dildoparodying the situation, stating the coming of Maria d'Este would provoke a great import of dildoes; the poem among other things states:
This ballad was subsequently added to by other authors, and became so popular thatSignorbecame a term for a dildo.In the epilogue toThe Mistaken Husband(1674), byJohn Dryden, an actress complains:
Many other works of bawdy and satirical English literature of the period deal with the subject.Dildoides: A Burlesque Poem(London, 1706), attributed toSamuel Butler, is a mock lament to a collection of dildos that had been seized and publicly burnt by the authorities. Examples of anonymous works includeThe Bauble, a tale(London, 1721) andMonsieur Thing's Origin: or Seignor D---o's Adventures in London(London, 1722).In 1746,Henry FieldingwroteThe Female Husband: or the surprising history of Mrs Mary, alias Mr. George Hamilton, in which a woman posing as a man uses a dildo. This was a fictionalized account of the story ofMary Hamilton.
Dildos are obliquely referred to inSaul Bellow's novelThe Adventures of Augie March(1953): "he had brought me along to a bachelor's stag where two naked acrobatic girls did stunts with false tools".A dildo calledSteely Dan III from Yokohamaappears in theWilliam S. BurroughsnovelThe Naked Lunch(1959).The rock bandSteely Dantook their name from it.
Standards set for sex toys are set inISO 3533:2021. The sex toys are sold as novelty items so they do not need to adhere to certain regulations such as reporting the chemicals and materials used in a product. Due to this status, manufacturers are not responsible if their toys are used for any other purpose than being a novelty.Regulations such asREACHdo exist, and some sex toys may be compliant to this though, despite that there is no obligation for manufacturers on attaining compliance.  A 2006 study conducted by theGreenpeaceNetherlands office found high level ofphthalatesin seven out of eight plastic sex toys tested.Phthalates are chemical plasticizers that are added as softeners, to create the malleable and soft effect that many look for in sex toys.
Sex toys are classified as novelties in the United States because theFood and Drug Administrationhas extensive testing and financial requirements in order for sex toys to be classified as medical devices. Therefore, sex toy manufacturers more often choose less complex production by labeling them a novelty, where their listed ingredients do not have to be accurate in chemical composition or percentage of ingredients.  Due to the novelty classification, sex toys may contain toxins such as phthalates, which have been banned in children's toys by theCPSC.
Before using a sex toy, owners should take precautions.  One should check for tears, rough seams or cracks  that could harm the inside of the vagina or anus.  Condoms should also be used on porous sex toys and sex toys that are being shared between two or more partners. They should also use appropriate lubricants; silicone lube will break down silicone toys, and oil-based lubes will break down latex condoms.
With the rise of smart sex toys, so did concerns surrounding unwanted tracking or hacking that could occur due to database and API issues.In 2016, thesecurity softwarecompanyTrend Microdemonstrated that some Internet-connected electronic sex toys are vulnerable tocyberattacks,thus creating the field ofonion dildonics.The ethical, legal, andprivacyconcerns are an area of active research bySarah Jamie Lewis, amongst others. She warns that sex toys are just as vulnerable tomalwareas any other device, so manufacturers and companies should be more transparent about their data collection policies in order to protect users.
Cleaning sex toys is also very important for sexual health and sex toy safety.  Cleaning them will avoid the potential ofbacterial infection, transmission of STIs (if shared), or pregnancy (if sperm is present on the toy). Porous sex toys (ridged, flexible, soft and squishy) are difficult to clean and can hide bacteria that multiply and harm the human body. Non-porous toys are easier to clean, making them less potentially harmful.When cleaning sex toys, always use warm water and unscented anti-bacterial soap.
Sex toys are illegal in India.Selling sex toys is a punishable offense under section 292 of the Indian penal code, as sex toys are considered an "obscene" product. Besides sex toys, any book, pamphlet, paper, writing, drawing, painting, representation, figure or any other object, is also considered obscene by section 292 if it is lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest.The punishment for the offense is up to two years in prison.
InJapan, manydildosare created to resemble animals or cartoon characters, such asHello Kitty, rabbits or dolphins, so that they may be sold as toys, thus avoidingobscenity laws.
InMalaysia, the sale and importation of sex toys is illegal.
Section 18A of theSexual Offenses Act, 1957, inserted by theImmorality Amendment Act, 1969, prohibited the manufacture or sale of any item "intended to be used to perform an unnatural sexual act". The term "unnatural sexual act" referred to any sex other than vaginal heterosexual sex, and this prohibition was ostensibly aimed at preventing the use of dildos bylesbians.No longer enforced, the section was repealed by theCriminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007.
Sex toys and lubricants have become increasingly available in major commercial outlets in the United States. On-shelf displays tend to be more discreet than the offerings on web sites. These items tend to be displayed in the "sexual health" sections of stores.
Until recently, manySouthernand someGreat Plains statesbanned the sale of sex toys completely, either directly or through laws regulating "obscene devices".In 1999,William H. Pryor, Jr., an assistant attorney general inAlabamacommenting on a case involving sex toys and discussing to what end the devices are used, was quoted as saying there is no "fundamental right for a person to buy a device to produceorgasm". A federal appeals court upheld Alabama's law prohibiting the sale of sex toys on Valentine's Day, 2007.
In February 2008, a federal appeals court overturned aTexasstatute banning the sales of sex toys, deeming such a statute as violating the Constitution's 14th Amendment on the right to privacy.The appeals court citedLawrence v. Texas, where theU.S. Supreme Courtin 2003 struck down bans on consensual sex between gay couples, as unconstitutionally aiming at "enforcing a public moral code by restricting private intimate conduct".  Similar statutes have been struck down inKansasandColorado.
Marty Klein, author ofAmerica's War on Sexand an advocate for the moral value of sex toys, has described the sex toy bans as a form oferotophobiaandgenophobia, claiming the "extraordinary erosion of personal liberty, coupled with the massive disrespect of and fear of sexuality is no joke" and that the "Supreme Court [of the United States] has declared our orgasms a battlefield, and sex toys another casualty."
A portion of the "censorship and entertainments control" law inZimbabweillegalizes the possession and importation of sex toys, because they are considered "obscene" or "indecent", and harmful to public morals.Being in possession of a sex toy or other prohibited and indecent material can result in a fine (maximum level 6 or US$300) and/or imprisonment not exceeding one year.
As of 2023, the sex toy industry is estimated to be valued at $35.2 billion worldwide. By 2030, the predicted value of this industry may rise to $62.7 billion.Seventy percent of sex toys are manufactured in China.Sex toys are sold in various types of local and onlinesex shops,at conventions associated with the adult industry,and atparties. However, some items, such as "hand-held massagers", are sold in mainstream retail outlets such as drugstores.The rise of online shopping/retailers contributed to the rapid growth of the sex toy industry, making them easy and discreet to buy. After COVID-19 lockdowns, sex toy sales increased by 60%.
Sex toys have been the subject of scientific research in different disciplines (e.g.,medicine,clinical psychology,sexology,queer studies) for decades.
Some questionnaire and interview studies on the prevalence of sex toy have shown that people of all genders and all sexual identities use sex toys during solo sex (masturbation) and - somewhat less frequently - during partner sex. In some countries (e.g., Australia, China, Germany, USA) sex toys are normalized, i.e. they are already used by large sections of the population, sometimes by the majority of the population.These studies also that members of the LGBTQ+ community are more likely to have used a vibrator before, with around half of gay or bisexual men and over 75% of lesbian or bisexual women having used one before.
The Internet has contributed to the popularization of sex toys, since information searches about and the purchase of sex toys can now be carried out discreetly online.
Many women do not insert vibrators, but use them externally for direct clitoral stimulation, either during masturbation or during intercourse.Homosexual identified men, on the other hand, report much more frequently that they use vibrators for anal insertion.
According to a 2016 study inSigns: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, in Mexico City, women sometimes buy sex toys to punish their male partners, typically for infidelity.
The meanings and implications of sex toys are controversially discussed in academia. Many authors endorse them for fostering sexual empowerment, while some criticize sex toys for pushing the commercialization of sex.
Most empirical studies show that people of all genders and sexual identities experience the use of sex toys predominantly positively. In questionnaires and interviews, they report an increase in sexual arousal and satisfaction, the facilitation of orgasms (especially for women), the exploration of new preferences, a playful approach to sex and the fun of something new during sex.There are decidedly feminist or women-oriented sex toy stores and sex toy party organizations that link the sale of sex toys with sexual education and aim to support women's sexual empowerment.Further positive effects are reported from clinical settings: Sex toys are used therapeutically, for example, in the context of therapy for orgasm disorders.They can also enable people with disabilities to have more sexual self-determination.
It may also help couples feel more satisfied with sex. One surveying 50 couples found that both men and women in heterosexual couples often appreciate the addition of a toy, possibly because it reduced performance pressure for men and increased the excitement women had for sex.There are conflicting opinions in the literature about whether sex toys contribute to performance pressure.
Some empirical research has demonstrated negative effects of sex toy use such as sexually transmitted infections (when sex toys are shared without proper cleaning or without barrier methods such as condoms), injuries (e.g., from anal insertion of toys unsuitable for anal use), or allergies.Some women also report that they are urged by their partners to use sex toys even though they do not want to.