The Great Gatsby (2013 film)

The Great Gatsbyis a 2013historical romanticdrama filmbased on the1925 novelbyF. Scott Fitzgerald. The film was co-written and directed byBaz Luhrmannand stars anensemble castconsisting ofLeonardo DiCaprio,Tobey Maguire,Carey Mulligan,Joel Edgerton,Isla Fisher,Jason Clarke, andElizabeth Debicki.Filming took place from September to December 2011 in Australia, with a $105 million net production budget. The film follows the life and times of millionaireJay Gatsby(DiCaprio) and his neighborNick Carraway(Maguire) who recounts his interactions with Gatsby amid the riotous parties of theJazz AgeonLong IslandinNew York.
A polarizing film among critics,The Great Gatsbyreceived both praise and criticism for its visual style, direction, screenplay, performances, soundtrack, and interpretation of the source material. Audiences responded more positively,and Fitzgerald's granddaughter praised the film, stating "Scott would have been proud."As of 2023, it is Luhrmann's highest-grossing film, grossing over $353 million worldwide.At the86th Academy Awards, the film won in both of its nominated categories:Best Production DesignandBest Costume Design.
In December 1929,World War IveteranNick Carraway, undergoing treatment at apsychiatric hospital, tells his doctor aboutJay Gatsby, the most hopeful man he ever met. The doctor suggests Nick tap into his passion and write down his thoughts, and Nick begins cataloging the events to his doctor.
Seven years earlier, in the summer of 1922, Nick moved from theMidwestto New York, where he rents a small groundskeeper's cottage in theNorth Shorevillage of West Egg, next to the mansion of Gatsby, a mysteriousbusiness magnatewho often hosts extravagant parties. Nick has dinner with his cousinDaisy Buchananand her domineering husband, Tom, at their mansion in East Egg. Daisy plays matchmaker between Nick and another guest, Jordan Baker, a famous golfer. When Nick returns home, he sees Gatsby standing by the harbor, reaching toward a green light coming from the Buchanans' dock.
Tom brings Nick to theValley of Ashes, an industrial dumping site between West Egg andthe cityand picks up his mistress Myrtle Wilson at a garage owned by her husband George. One day, Nick receives an invitation to one of Gatsby's parties. There, Nick encounters Jordan and they both meet Gatsby. Gatsby takes Nick to Manhattan for lunch, telling Nick on the way that he is anOxfordgraduate and war hero from a wealthy Midwestern family. They go to aspeakeasy, where Gatsby introduces Nick to his business partnerMeyer Wolfsheim.
Jordan tells Nick how Gatsby, aCaptain of the U.S. Army, started a relationship with Daisy in 1917 beforeAmerica entered World War I, and is still in love with her; he throws parties hoping that Daisy might attend. Gatsby asks Nick to invite Daisy to tea. After an awkward reunion, Gatsby and Daisy begin an affair. Gatsby is dismayed when Daisy wants to run away with him, preferring that she get a proper divorce. He asks Nick and Jordan to accompany him to the Buchanan home, where he and Daisy plan to tell Tom that Daisy is leaving him. During the luncheon, Tom becomes suspicious of Gatsby and Daisy, but Daisy stops Gatsby from revealing anything to Tom and suggests they all go to thePlaza Hotel. Tom drives Nick and Jordan in Gatsby's car while Gatsby drives Daisy in Tom's car. Tom stops for gas at George's garage, where George tells him that he and Myrtle are moving out.
At the Plaza, Tom accuses Gatsby of having never attended Oxford and having made his fortune throughbootleggingwith mobsters. Eventually, both Gatsby and Daisy leave. After fighting with George over her infidelity, Myrtle runs into the street and is fatally struck by Gatsby's car after mistaking it for Tom's. Upon learning about Myrtle's death, Tom tells George that the car belongs to Gatsby and that he suspects Gatsby was Myrtle's lover, while Nick deduces Daisy was driving when the accident happened. Nick, overhearing Daisy accepting Tom's promise to take care of everything, tries to warn Gatsby about it, but the latter claimed that Daisy needs to make up her decision about living with Gatsby.
Inside the mansion, Gatsby tells Nick the truth: that he was born penniless, his real name is James Gatz, and he had asked Daisy to wait for him until he had made something of himself after the war; instead, she married Tom seven months after the war ended. The next day, Nick goes back to work, and Gatsby awaits a call from Daisy while swimming in his pool. The phone rings, and Gatsby's butler answers it. Believing the caller to be Daisy, Gatsby is shot and killed by a vengeful George, who then commits suicide. Nick, who was the one calling, hears the gunshots and is the only person other than reporters to attend Gatsby's funeral as Daisy, Tom, and their daughter are leaving New York. The media falsely and negatively paints Gatsby as Myrtle's lover and killer, enraging Nick. Disgusted with both the city and its inhabitants, Nick leaves after taking a final walk-through Gatsby's deserted mansion and reflecting on Gatsby's ability to hope.
In the sanatorium, Nick finishes typing his memoir and titles itThe Great Gatsby.
Prior to the 2013 adaptation, there were four earlier film adaptations of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925novel of the same name, including a now-lost1926 version, a1949 version, a1974 version, and a2000 made for TV version.In December 2008,Varietyreported thatBaz Luhrmannwould direct this latest adaptation.Luhrmann stated that he planned it to be more up-to-date due to its theme of criticizing the often irresponsible lifestyles of wealthy people.
While Luhrmann was at theConsumer Electronics Showin January 2011, he toldThe Hollywood Reporterthat he had been workshoppingThe Great Gatsbyin 3D, though he had not yet decided whether to shoot in the format.In late January 2011, Luhrmann showed doubt about staying on board with the project but decided to stay.In 2010, it was reported that the film was being set up bySony Pictures Entertainment.However, by 2011,Warner Bros.was close to acquiring a deal to finance and take worldwide distribution ofThe Great Gatsby.
Luhrmann said the results from the movie's workshop process of auditioning actors for roles inThe Great Gatsbyhad been "very encouraging" to him.Leonardo DiCapriowas cast first, in the title role ofJay Gatsby. It is the second time Luhrmann and DiCaprio worked together; DiCaprio costarred in Luhrmann'sRomeo + Juliet(1996).Tobey Maguirewas cast to play Nick Carraway,marking the third collaboration between Maguire and DiCaprio followingThis Boy's LifeandDon's Plum.
Initial reports linkedAmanda Seyfriedto the lead role of Daisy Buchanan, in October 2010.The next monthDeadline Hollywoodreported that Luhrmann had been auditioning numerous actresses, including Seyfried,Keira Knightley,Jessica Alba,Rebecca Hall,Blake Lively,Abbie Cornish,Michelle WilliamsandScarlett Johansson, as well as consideringNatalie Portman, for Daisy.Soon afterward, with her commitment toCameron Crowe'sWe Bought a Zoo(2011), Johansson pulled out.
On November 15, Luhrmann announced thatCarey Mulliganhad been cast to play Daisy after reading for the part on November 2 in New York.Mulligan won the role shortly after Luhrmann showed her audition footage to Sony Pictures Entertainment executives Amy Pascal and Doug Belgrad, who were impressed by the actress' command of the character.Mulligan burst into tears after learning of her casting via a phone call from Luhrmann, who informed her of his decision while she was on thered carpetat an event in New York. Luhrmann said: "I was privileged to explore the character with some of the world's most talented actresses, each one bringing their own particular interpretation, all of which were legitimate and exciting. However, specific to this particular production ofThe Great Gatsby, I was thrilled to pick up the phone an hour ago to the youngOscar-nominated British actress Carey Mulligan and say to her: 'Hello, Daisy Buchanan.'"
In April 2011,Ben Affleckwas in talks about playing the role of Tom Buchanan but had to pass due to a scheduling conflict withArgo(2012).Bradley Cooperhad previously lobbied for the part,andLuke Evanswas a major contender.In May,Joel Edgertonwas confirmed in the part of Tom.Isla Fisherwas cast to play Myrtle Wilson.
Australian newcomerElizabeth Debickiwon the part of Jordan Baker.While casting for the supporting role of Jordan, Luhrmann said the character must be "as thoroughly examined as Daisy, for this production, for this time", adding, "It's like Olivier's Hamlet was the right Hamlet for his time. Who would Hamlet be today? Same with a Jordan or a Daisy".
In June 2011,Jason Clarkewas cast as George B. Wilson.Indian actorAmitabh Bachchanappears as Meyer Wolfshiem in his first Hollywood role.Bachchan worked for free, as a favor to Luhrmann.
The screenplay by Baz Luhrmann and Craig Pearce made five notable changes to the novel's plot: Nick Carraway writes from asanitarium, having checked himself in some time after the summer with Gatsby; he flirts with Jordan Baker but, unlike what happens in the novel, he's "too smitten with Gatsby to notice her"; Gatsby himself makes a grand entrance, whereas in the novel some time passes as they talk before Carraway realizes who he is; some of the racism or antisemitism has been toned down or removed; finally, Gatsby dies thinking his pursuit of Daisy was successful.
Principal photography was shot inSydney. Filming began on September 5, 2011, atFox Studios Australiaand finished on December 22, 2011, with additional shots filmed in January 2012.The film was shot withRed Epicdigital cameras andZeissUltraPrime lenses.The "Valley of Ashes", the desolate land located between West Egg and New York was shot inBalmain, New South Wales.
Manly Business School inManly, New South Wales—known asSaint Patrick's Seminary—doubled as Gatsby's mansion.Palm trees had to be digitally removed in post-production to convey a faithfulness to theLong Islandsetting.Nick's house was located inCentennial Park.Daisy's house was Gowan Brae, a historic mansion atThe King's School, Parramatta.
In creating the background scenery for the world depicted in the film, designerCatherine Martinstated that the team styled the interior sets of Jay Gatsby's mansion with gilded opulence in a style that blended establishment taste withArt Deco.The long-destroyedBeacon Towers, thought by scholars to have partially inspired Fitzgerald's Jay Gatsby estate, was used as a main inspiration for Gatsby's home in the film.
The location used to film the exterior of Jay Gatsby's mansion was the college building of theInternational College of Management, Sydney.Some inspiration was also drawn from otherGold Coast, Long Island, mansions, includingOheka Castleand La Selva Mansion.Features evoking the Long Island mansions were added in post-production.
The inspiration for the film version of the Buchanan estate came fromOld Westbury GardensinOld Westbury, New York.The mansion exterior was built on a soundstage, with digital enhancements added.The interior sets for the Buchanan mansion were inspired by the style ofHollywood Regency.
The home of Nick Carraway was conceived as an intimate cottage, in contrast with the grandeur of the neighboring Gatsby mansion. Objects chosen adhered to a central theme of what the designers saw as classic Long Island. The architecture conjuresAmerican Arts and Crafts, withGustav Stickley-type furnishings inside and anAdirondack-style swing out.
The opening scene was filmed from Rivendell Child, Adolescent and Family Unit in Concord, Sydney, only a few kilometers from Sydney 2000 Olympic Stadium.
Costume designerCatherine Martinapproached many apparel designers to craft the film's costumes.In conjunction withMiuccia Prada, Martin achieved the iconic 1920s look by altering pieces from thePradaandMiu Miufashion archives.Many of the fashions from archives were concepts from runways and fashion magazines that were never worn by women in real life.Martin and Prada worked closely together to create pieces with "the European flair that was emerging amongst the aristocratic East Coast crowds in the Twenties".Martin worked withBrooks Brothersfor the costumes worn by the male cast members and extras.Tiffany & Co.provided the jewelry for the film.
Costume historians, however, noted that the costumes were inauthentic as Martin and Prada modernized the 1920s-era fashions to resemble 2010s fashions.Most prominently, the women were clothed to emphasize their breasts, such as Daisy'spush-up bra, in contrast to the flat-chested fashions of the era.Martin admitted that she took the styles of the 1920s and made them sexier for a modern audience."If you look at the fashion illustrations, as opposed to what actually ended up being made, you will see that the '20s were all about sex," Martin stated in aCollector's Weeklyinterview. "It was the first time that women basically wore no undergarments and not even a [garter] belt."
Alice Jurow of the Art Deco Society observed that the film's highly stylized costume designs reflected contemporary audiences' inaccurate expectations and misconceptions of1922 fashions."When people say 'the Gatsby era,' there's definitely a mid-'20s concept that comes to mind, with the shorter skirts and the real archetypalflapperlook," explained Jurow. "But 1922, it was theJazz Agein terms of music, but the fashions hadn't quite caught up yet. The skirts were still mid-calf, even approaching ankle length. Clothes were a little more graceful and ornate and flowy. People would be startled and disturbed if anybody actually did real 1922 fashion in the production ofGreat Gatsby. It’s just not how we picture those characters."
Originally scheduled for a December 25, 2012 release, on August 6, 2012, it was reported that the film was being moved to a summer 2013 release date.In September 2012, this date was confirmed to be May 10, 2013. The film opened the66th Cannes Film Festivalon May 15, 2013,shortly following its wide release inRealD 3Dand 2D formats.
The firsttrailerforThe Great Gatsbywas released onMay 22, 2012,almost a year before the film's release. Songs featured in various trailers include: "No Church in the Wild" byJay-ZandKanye West; a cover ofU2's "Love Is Blindness" performed byJack White; a cover ofThe Turtles' "Happy Together" by the bandFilter; a cover ofAmy Winehouse's "Back to Black" performed byAndré 3000andBeyoncé; "Young and Beautiful" performed byLana Del Rey; and two songs, "Bedroom Hymns" and "Over the Love", performed byFlorence and the Machine.
On April 15, 2013,Brooks Brotherspremiered "The Gatsby Collection", a line of men's clothing, shoes and accessories "inspired by the costumes designed by Catherine Martin for Baz Luhrmann'sThe Great Gatsby". According toFashion Weekly, "The looks weren't simply based on 1920s style: the new duds were designed based on the brand's actual archives [...] Brooks Brothers was one of the initial arbiters of Gatsby-era look. The actual costumes, designed by Catherine Martin, will be on display in select Brooks Brothers boutiques."
On April 17, 2013,Tiffany & Co.unveiled windows at its Fifth Avenue flagship store "inspired by" Luhrmann's film and created in collaboration with Luhrmann and costumer Catherine Martin. The jewelry store also premiered "The Great Gatsby Collection" line of jewelry designed in anticipation of the film. The collection comprises 7 pieces: abrooch, a headpiece (both reportedly based on archival Tiffany designs), a necklace and four different rings, including one in platinum with a 5.25-carat diamond, priced at US$875,000.
Released on May 7, the film's soundtrack is also available in a deluxe edition; aTargetexclusive release also features three extra tracks.The film's songs were executive-produced byJay-ZandThe Bullitts.
Penned byLana Del Reyand the film's director, Baz Luhrmann, the song "Young and Beautiful" was released tocontemporary hit radioas asingle, and was used as the film'sbuzz single.A snippet of the track appeared in the official trailer for the film and played during the scene where the characters portrayed byLeonardo DiCaprioandCarey Mulliganexpress their romantic feelings for one another.Hip hopmagazineRap-Upcalled the single "haunting",while MTV called it "somber-sounding".The track performed by Florence and the Machine, "Over the Love",referencesthe "green light" symbol from the novel in itslyrics.Chris Payne ofBillboardpraisedBeyoncéandAndré 3000's cover of "Back to Black", made unique with adowntempoEDMwobble.The xxrecorded "Together" for the film, withJamie Smithtelling MTV that the band's contribution to the soundtrack sounds like "despair",and revealing that it utilizes a 60-pieceorchestra.
Speaking of his goals for the movie's musical backdrop, Baz Luhrmann expressed his desire to blend the music of theJazz Age, associated with the 1922 setting of the story, with a modern spin. Much like his modern twists applied inMoulin Rouge!andRomeo + Juliet, Baz uses the movie's music not as a background, but instead prominently in the foreground, which takes on a character of its own.
The Great GatsbyGrossed $144.8 million in North America, and $208.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $353.6 million.Calculating in all expenses,Deadline Hollywoodestimate that the film made a profit of $58.6 million.
In North America,The Great Gatsbyearned US$19.4 million on its opening Friday, including US$3.25 million from Thursday night and midnight shows.It went on to finish in second place, behindIron Man 3, during its opening weekend, with US$51.1 million.This was the sixth-largest opening weekend for a film that did not debut in first place,the second-largest opening weekend for a film starring Leonardo DiCaprio behindInception,and Luhrmann's highest-grossing movie.
On review aggregation websiteRotten Tomatoesthe film has an approval rating of 48% based on 304 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "While certainly ambitious—and every bit as visually dazzling as one might expect—Baz Luhrmann'sThe Great Gatsbyemphasizes visual splendor at the expense of its source material's vibrant heart."Metacriticgives the film a score of 55 out of 100, based on reviews from 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".Audiences polled by the market research firmCinemaScoregave an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.
Joe MorgensternofThe Wall Street Journalcriticized the film as "a tale told idiotically, full of noise and furor, signifying next to nothing."Morgenstern felt the elaborate production designs were a misfire.He likened the film's flaws to the decadent era which Fitzgerald criticized in his writing and stated that what is "intractably wrong with the film is that there's no reality to heighten; it's a spectacle in search of a soul".TheChicago Readerreview felt "Luhrmann is exactly the wrong person to adapt such a delicately rendered story, and his 3D feature plays like a ghastly Roaring 20s blowout at a sorority house".InThe Atlantic,Christopher Orrobserved that "the problem is that when the movie is entertaining it's notGatsby, and when it'sGatsbyit's not entertaining."
The positive reviews includedA. O. ScottofThe New York Times, who felt the adaptation was "a lot of fun" and "less a conventional movie adaptation than a splashy, trashy opera, a wayward, lavishly theatrical celebration of the emotional and material extravagance that Fitzgerald surveyed with fascinated ambivalence".Scott advised "the best way to enjoy the film is to put aside whatever literary agenda you are tempted to bring with you".Ty BurrofThe Boston Globereserved special praise for DiCaprio's performance, saying "magnificent is the only word to describe this performance—the best movie Gatsby by far, superhuman in his charm and connections, the host of revels beyond imagining, and at his heart an insecure fraud whose hopes are pinned to a woman".
The Scene Magazinegave the movie a "B−" rating, and praised the actors' performances, in particular saying that "the stand-out actor is Joel Edgerton as Tom Buchanan doing an excellent job of showing the character's gruffness, despite the one-dimensionality given to him".A granddaughter of Fitzgerald, Eleanor Lanahan, praised the style and music of the film.
Tobey Maguire's role as Nick received mixed reviews from critics, with Philip French ofThe Guardiancalling him "miscast or misdirected".Ann Hornaday ofThe Washington Postwrote that "Tobey Maguire is his usual recessive presence, barely registering as either a dynamic part of the events he describes or their watchful witness",and Elizabeth Weitzman of TheNew York Daily Newsopined that, despite "the wry-observational skills needed for Nick's Midwestern decency", the character is "directed toward a wide-eyed, one-note performance".Rick Groen ofThe Globe and Mailwas more positive of Maguire's character, saying "our narrator, [is] prone to his occasionallypurple rhetoric. But that imposed conceit, the image of a talented depressive writing from inside the bauble of his imagination, seems to validate his inflated prose and, better yet, lets us re-appreciate its inherent poetry".
A still image from the film showing Leonardo DiCaprio as Gatsby lifting his glass in atoastgesture became a popularimage macrointernetmeme.
Other theatrical film adaptations ofThe Great Gatsbyinclude: