Marseille

Marseille(French:Marseille;Provençal Occitan:Marselha) is a city insouthern France, theprefectureof thedepartmentofBouches-du-Rhôneand of theProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azurregion. Situated in theProvenceregion, it is located on the coast of theMediterranean Sea, near the mouth of theRhôneriver. Marseille is thesecond-most populous cityin France, afterParis, with 873,076 inhabitants in 2021.Marseille with itssuburbsandexurbscreate theAix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis, with a population of 1,911,311 at the 2021 census.
Foundedc.600 BCby Greek settlers fromPhocaea, Marseille is the oldest city in France, as well as one of Europe'soldest continuously inhabited settlements.It was known to theancient GreeksasMassaliaand toRomansasMassilia.Marseille has been a trading port since ancient times. In particular, it experienced a considerable commercial boom during the colonial period and especially during the 19th century, becoming a prosperous industrial and trading city. Nowadays theOld Portstill lies at the heart of the city, where the manufacture ofMarseille soapbegan some six centuries ago. Overlooking the port is theBasilica of Notre-Dame-de-la-Gardeor "Bonne-mère" for the people of Marseille, aRomano-Byzantinechurch and the symbol of the city. Inherited from this past, the Grand Port Maritime de Marseille (GPMM) and the maritime economy are major poles of regional and national activity and Marseille remains the first French port, the second Mediterranean port and the fifth European port.Since its origins, Marseille's openness to the Mediterranean Sea has made it acosmopolitancity marked by cultural and economic exchanges with Southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Asia. In Europe, the city has the third largest Jewish community afterLondonand Paris.
In the 1990s, theEuroméditerranéeproject for economic development and urban renewal was launched. New infrastructure projects and renovations were carried out in the 2000s and 2010s: thetramway, the renovation of theHôtel-Dieuinto a luxury hotel, the expansion of theVelodrome Stadium, theCMA CGM Tower, as well as other quayside museums such as theMuseum of Civilisations of Europe and the Mediterranean(MuCEM). As a result, Marseille now has the most museums in France after Paris. The city was namedEuropean Capital of Culturein 2013 and European Capital of Sport in 2017. Home of theassociation footballclubOlympique de Marseille, one of the most successful and widely supported clubs in France, Marseille has also hosted matches at the1998 World CupandEuro 2016. It is also home to several higher education institutions in the region, including theUniversity of Aix-Marseille. A resident of Marseille is aMarseillais.
The name of Marseille is of unknown ultimate origin, but it is thought it may come fromAncient Ligurian, which was the local language before the arrival of the Greeks. Forms of the name include:
Marseille is the third-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris and Lyon. To the east, starting in the small fishing village of Callelongue on the outskirts of Marseille and stretching as far asCassis, are theCalanques, a rugged coastal area interspersed with smallfjord-like inlets. Farther east still are theSainte-Baume(a 1,147 m (3,763 ft) mountain ridge rising from a forest ofdeciduoustrees), the city ofToulonand theFrench Riviera. To the north of Marseille, beyond the lowGarlabanand Etoilemountain ranges, is the 1,011 m (3,317 ft)Mont Sainte Victoire. To the west of Marseille is the former artists' colony ofl'Estaque; farther west are theCôte Bleue, theGulf of Lionand theCamargueregion in theRhônedelta. Theairportlies to the north west of the city atMarignaneon theÉtang de Berre.
The city's main thoroughfare (the wide boulevard called theCanebière) stretches eastward from theOld Portto the Réformés quarter. Two large forts flank the entrance to the Old Port—Fort Saint-Nicolason the south side andFort Saint-Jeanon the north. Farther out in the Bay of Marseille is theFrioul archipelagowhich comprises four islands, one of which, If, is the location ofChâteau d'If, made famous by theDumasnovelThe Count of Monte Cristo. The main commercial centre of the city intersects with the Canebière at Rue St Ferréol and the Centre Bourse (one of the city's main shopping malls). The centre of Marseille has several pedestrianised zones, most notably Rue St Ferréol, Cours Julien near the Music Conservatory, the Cours Honoré-d'Estienne-d'Orves off the Old Port and the area around the Hôtel de Ville. To the south east of central Marseille in the6th arrondissementare the Prefecture and the monumental fountain of Place Castellane, an important bus and metro interchange. To the south west are the hills of the7thand8th arrondissements, dominated by thebasilicaofNotre-Dame de la Garde. Marseille's main railway station—Gare de Marseille Saint-Charles—is north of the Centre Bourse in the 1st arrondissement; it is linked by the Boulevard d'Athènes to the Canebière.
The city has ahot-summer mediterranean climate(Köppen:Csa) with cool-mild winters with moderate rainfall, because of the wet westerly winds, and hot, mostly dry summers.December, January, and February are the coldest months, averaging temperatures of around 12 °C (54 °F) during the day and 4 °C (39 °F) at night. July and August are the hottest months, averaging temperatures of around 28–30 °C (82–86 °F) during the day and 19 °C (66 °F) at night in the Marignane airport [35 km (22 mi) from Marseille] but in the city near the sea the average high temperature is 27 °C (81 °F) in July.
Marseille receives the most sunlight of any French city, 2,897.6 hours per year on average,while the average sunshine in the country is around 1,950 hours.It is also the driest major city with only 532.3 mm (21 in) of precipitation annually, mainly due to themistral, a cold, dry wind originating in theRhôneValley that occurs mostly in winter and spring and which generally brings clear skies and sunny weather to the region. Less frequent is thesirocco, a hot, sand-bearing wind, coming from the Sahara. Snowfalls are infrequent; over 50% of years do not experience a single snowfall.
The hottest temperature was 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on 26 July 1983 during a great heat wave, the lowest temperature was −16.8 °C (1.8 °F) on 13 February 1929 during a strong cold wave.
Marseille was founded as theGreek colonyofMassaliac.600 BC, and was populated by Greek settlers fromPhocaea(modernFoça, Turkey). It became the preeminent Greekpolisin theHellenizedregion ofsouthern Gaul.The city-state sided with theRoman RepublicagainstCarthageduring theSecond Punic War(218–201 BC), retaining its independence and commercial empire throughout thewestern Mediterraneaneven as Rome expanded its empire intoWestern EuropeandNorth Africa. However, the city lost its independence following the RomanSiege of Massiliain 49 BC, duringCaesar's Civil War, in which Massalia sided with theexiled factionat war withJulius Caesar. Afterward, theGallo-Roman culturewas initiated.
The city maintained its position as a premier maritime trading hub even after its capture by theVisigothsin the fifth century AD, although the city went into decline following the sack of AD 739 by the forces ofCharles Martelagainst theUmayyadArabs. It became part of theCounty of Provenceduring the tenth century, although its renewed prosperity was curtailed by the Black Death of the 14th century and a sack of the city by theCrown of Aragonin 1423. The city's fortunes rebounded with the ambitious building projects ofRené of Anjou, Count of Provence, who strengthened the city's fortifications during the mid-15th century. During the 16th century, the city hosted a naval fleet with the combined forces of theFranco-Ottoman alliance, which threatened the ports and navies of theGenoese Republic.
Marseille lost a significant portion of its population during theGreat Plague of Marseillein 1720, but the population had recovered by mid-century. In 1792, the city became a focal point of theFrench Revolution, and though France'snational anthemwas born inStrasbourg, it was first sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille, hence the name the crowd gave it:La Marseillaise. TheIndustrial Revolutionand establishment of theSecond French colonial empireduring the 19th century allowed for the further expansion of the city, although it was occupied by the GermanWehrmachtin November 1942 and subsequently heavily damaged duringWorld War II. The city has since become a major center for immigrant communities from former French colonies in Africa, such asFrench Algeria.
Marseille is a major French centre for trade and industry, with excellent transportation infrastructure (roads, sea port and airport). Marseille Provence Airport is the fourth largest in France. In May 2005, the French financial magazineL'Expansionnamed Marseille the most dynamic of France's large cities, citing figures showing that 7,200 companies had been created in the city since 2000.As of 2019, the Marseille metropolitan area had aGDP amounting to US$81.4 billion,or US$43,430 per capita (purchasing power parity).
Historically, the economy of Marseille was dominated by its role as a port of the French Empire, linking the North African colonies of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia withMetropolitan France. TheOld Portwas replaced as the main port for trade by the Port de la Joliette (now part ofMarseille-Fos Port) during theSecond Empireand now contains restaurants, offices, bars and hotels and functions mostly as a private marina. The majority of the port anddocks, which experienced decline in the 1970s after theoil crisis, have been recently redeveloped with funds from theEuropean Union. Fishing remains important in Marseille and the food economy of Marseille is fed by the local catch; a daily fish market is still held on theQuai des Belgesof the Old Port.
The economy of Marseille and its region is still linked to its commercial port, the first French port and the fifthEuropean port by cargo tonnage, which lies north of the Old Port and eastern inFos-sur-Mer. Some 45,000 jobs are linked to the port activities and it represents €4 billion of added value to the regional economy.100 million tons offreightpass annually through the port, 60% of which is petroleum, making it number one in France and the Mediterranean and number three in Europe. However, in the early 2000s, the growth in container traffic was being stifled by the constant strikes and social upheaval.The port is among the 20th firsts in Europe for container traffic with 1,062,408TEUand new infrastructure has already raised the capacity to 2 million TEU.Marseille is connected with the Rhône via acanaland thus has access to the extensive waterway network of France. Petroleum is shipped northward to the Paris basin by pipeline. The city also serves as France's leading centre of oil refining.
In recent years,the city has also experienced a large growth inservice sectoremployment and a switch fromlight manufacturingto a cultural,high-techeconomy.The Marseille region is home to thousands of companies, 90% of which aresmall and medium enterpriseswith less than 500 employees.Among the most famous areCMA CGM, container-shipping giant;Compagnie maritime d'expertises(Comex), a leader in sub-sea engineering and hydraulic systems;Airbus Helicopters, anAirbusdivision; Azur Promotel, an activereal estate developmentcompany;La Provence, the localdaily newspaper; RTM, Marseille's public transport company; and Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée (SNCM), a major provider of passenger, vehicle and freight transportation in the Western Mediterranean. The urban operationEuroméditerranéehas developed a large offer of offices and thus Marseille hosts one of the main business district in France.
Marseille is the home of three maintechnopoles: Château-Gombert (technological innovations), Luminy (biotechnology) and La Belle de Mai (17,000 sq.m. of offices dedicated to multimedia activities).
The port is also an important arrival base for millions of people each year, with 2.4 million including 890,100 from cruise ships.With its beaches, history, architecture and culture (24 museums and 42 theatres), Marseille is one of the most visited cities in France, with 4.1 million visitors in 2012.
They take place in three main sites, thePalais du Pharo, Palais des Congrès et des Expositions (Parc Chanot) and World Trade Center.In 2012 Marseille hosted theWorld Water Forum.
Several urban projects have been developed to make Marseille attractive. Thus new parks, museums, public spaces and real estate projects aim to improve the city's quality of life (Parc du 26e Centenaire,Old Port of Marseille,numerous places inEuroméditerranée) to attract firms and people. Marseille municipality acts to develop Marseille as a regional nexus for entertainment in the south of France with high concentration of museums, cinemas, theatres, clubs, bars, restaurants, fashion shops, hotels, andart galleries.
Unemployment in the economy fell from 20% in 1995 to 14% in 2004.However, Marseille unemployment rate remains higher than the national average. In some parts of Marseille, youth unemployment is reported to be as high as 40%.
The city of Marseille is divided into 16municipal arrondissements, which are themselves informally divided into 111 neighbourhoods (French:quartiers). The arrondissements are regrouped in pairs, into 8 sectors, each with a mayor and council (like the arrondissements inParisandLyon).Municipal elections are held every six years and are carried out by sector. There are 303 councilmembers in total, two-thirds sitting in the sector councils and one third in the city council.
The9th arrondissement of Marseilleis the largest in terms of area because it comprises parts ofCalanques National Park. With a population of 89,316 (2007), the13th arrondissement of Marseilleis the most populous one.
From 1950 to the mid-1990s, Marseille was aSocialist(PS) andCommunist(PCF) stronghold.Gaston Defferre(PS) was consecutively reelected six times as Mayor of Marseille from 1953 until his death in 1986. He was succeeded byRobert Vigourouxof theEuropean Democratic and Social Rally(RDSE).Jean-Claude Gaudinof the conservativeUMPwas elected Mayor of Marseille in 1995. Gaudin was reelected in 2001, 2008 and 2014.
In recent years, the Communist Party has lost most of its strength in the northern boroughs of the city, whereas theNational Fronthas received significant support. At thelast municipal electionin 2014, Marseille was divided between the northern arrondissements dominated by the left (PS) and far-right (FN) and the southern part of town dominated by the conservative (UMP). Marseille is also divided intwelve cantons, each of them sending two members to theDepartmental Councilof theBouches-du-Rhônedepartment.
Because of its pre-eminence as a Mediterranean port, Marseille has always been one of the main gateways into France. This has attracted many immigrants and made Marseille a cosmopolitanmelting pot. By the end of the 18th century about half the population originated from elsewhere in Provence mostly and also from southern France.
Economic conditions and political unrest in Europe and the rest of the world brought several other waves of immigrants during the 20th century: Greeks and Italians started arriving at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, up to 40% of the city's population was of Italian origin;Russians in 1917; Armenians in 1915 and 1923; Vietnamese in the 1920s, 1954 and after 1975;Corsicansduring the 1920s and 1930s; Spanish after 1936;Maghrebis(bothArabandBerber) in theinter-war period; Sub-Saharan Africans after 1945;Maghrebi Jewsin the 1950s and 1960s; thePieds-Noirsfrom the formerFrench Algeriain 1962; and then fromComoros.
At the 2019 census, 81.4% of the inhabitants of the Marseillemetropolitan areawere natives ofMetropolitan France, 0.6% were born inOverseas France, and 18.0% were born in foreign countries (two-fifth of whom French citizens from birth, in particularPieds-Noirsfrom Algeria arrived in Metropolitan France after the independence of Algeria in 1962).A quarter of the immigrants living in the Marseille metropolitan area were born in Europe (half of them in Italy, Portugal, and Spain), 46% were born in theMaghreb(almost two-third of them in Algeria), 14% in the rest of Africa (almost half of them in theIndian Oceanislands ofComoros,Madagascar, andMauritius, not counting those born inRéunionandMayottewho are not legally immigrants), and 15.0% in the rest of the world (not counting those born in theFrench overseas departmentsof the Americas and in the French territories of the South Pacific, who are not legally immigrants).
In 2002, about one third of the population of Marseille can trace their roots back to Italy.Marseille also has the second-largestCorsicanandArmenianpopulations of France. Other significant communities includeMaghrebis,Turks,Comorians, Chinese, andVietnamese.
The largest immigrant communities (including descendants) in 2002 were Italians (290,000 Italians, or 33%), then Muslims - mainly Maghrebis (200,000 Muslims, or 23%), then Corsicans (100,000 Corsicans, or 11.5%), then Armenians (80,000 Armenians, or 9%).
In 1999, in several arrondissements, about 40% of the young people under 18 were of Maghrebi origin (at least one immigrant parent).
Since 2013 a significant number of Central- and Eastern European immigrants have settled in Marseille, attracted by better job opportunities and the good climate of this Mediterranean city. The main nationalities of the immigrants are Romanian and Polish.
According to data from 2010, major religious communities in Marseille include:
Marseille is a city that has its own unique culture and is proud of its differences from the rest of France.Today it is a regional centre for culture and entertainment with an importantopera house, historical and maritime museums, five art galleries and numerous cinemas, clubs, bars and restaurants.
Marseille has a large number of theatres, including La Criée, Le Gymnase and the Théâtre Toursky. There is also an extensivearts centreinLa Friche, a former match factory behind the Saint-Charles station. TheAlcazar, until the 1960s a well knownmusic hallandvariety theatre, has recently been completely remodelled behind its original façade and now houses the central municipal library.Other music venues in Marseille include Le Silo (also a theatre) andGRIM.
Marseille has also been important in the arts. It has been the birthplace and home of many French writers and poets, includingVictor Gélu[fr],Valère Bernard,Pierre Bertas,Edmond RostandandAndré Roussin. The small port ofl'Estaqueon the far end of the Bay of Marseille became a favourite haunt for artists, includingAuguste Renoir,Paul Cézanne(who frequently visited from his home inAix),Georges BraqueandRaoul Dufy.
Rich and poor neighborhoods exist side by side. Although the city is not without crime, Marseille has a larger degree of multicultural tolerance. Urban geographerssay the city's geography, being surrounded by mountains, helps explain why Marseille does not have the same problems as Paris. In Paris, ethnic areas are segregated and concentrated in the periphery of the city. Residents of Marseille are of diverse origins, yet appear to share a similar particular identity.An example is how Marseille responded in 2005, when ethnic populations living in other French cities' suburbsrioted, but Marseille remained relatively calm.
Marseille served as theEuropean Capital of Culturefor 2013 along withKošice.It was chosen to give a 'human face' to the European Union to celebrate cultural diversity and to increase understanding between Europeans.One of the intentions of highlighting culture is to help reposition Marseille internationally, stimulate the economy, and help to build better interconnection between groups.Marseille-Provence 2013(MP2013) featured more than 900 cultural events held throughout Marseille and the surrounding communities. These cultural events generated more than 11 million visits.The European Capital of Culture was also the occasion to unveil more than 600 million euros in new cultural infrastructure in Marseille and its environs, including theMuCEMdesigned byRudy Ricciotti.
Early on, immigrants came to Marseille locally from the surrounding Provence region. By the 1890s immigrants came from other regions of France as well as Italy.Marseille became one of Europe's busiest ports by 1900.Marseille has served as a major port where immigrants from around the Mediterranean arrive.Marseille continued to be multicultural. Armenians from the Ottoman Empire began arriving in 1913. In the 1930s, Italians settled in Marseille. After World War II, a wave of Jewish immigrants from North Africa arrived. In 1962, a number of French colonies gained their independence, and the French citizens from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia arrived in Marseille.The city had an economic downturn and lost many jobs. Those who could afford to move left and the poorest remained. For a while, the mafia appeared to run the city, and for a period of time the communist party was prominent.
Multi-cultural Marseille can be observed by a visitor at the market at Noailles, also called Marché des Capucins, in old town near the Old Port. There, Lebanese bakeries, an African spice market, Chinese and Vietnamese groceries, fresh vegetables and fruit, shops selling couscous, shops selling Caribbean food are side by side with stalls selling shoes and clothing from around the Mediterranean. Nearby, people sell fresh fish and men from Tunisia drink tea.
Although most Armenians arrived after theArmenian Genocide, Armenians had a long presence even before the 20th and late 19th centuries. Armenians, having an extensive trade network worldwide, massively traded with Marseille and its port. Most notably, during the 16th century, and after the Armenians gained a monopoly over Iranian silk, which was granted to them by Shah Abbas of Iran, the trade flow of Armenians of Marseille increased tremendously.Merchants of Armenian origin received trade privileges in France by Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu (1585–1642) and later on Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–1683) Marseille a free port in 1669. One notable Armenian-Iranian merchant gained a patent from Louis XIV (1638–1715) over Iranian silk.Armenians also became successful money-lenders and bankers in the city. Due to these policies and the multiculturalism of the city of Marseille, Armenians became very wealthy, and the legacy of the Armenians in the city still lives on.
The most commonly usedtarotdeck takes its name from the city; it has been called theTarot de Marseillesince the 1930s—a name coined for commercial use by the French cardmaker and cartomancer Paul Marteau, owner of B–P Grimaud. Previously this deck was calledTarot italien(Italian Tarot) and even earlier it was simply called Tarot. Before beingde Marseille, it was used to play the local variant oftarocchibefore it became used incartomancyat the end of the 18th century, following the trend set byAntoine Court de Gébelin. The nameTarot de Marseille(Marteau used the nameancien Tarot de Marseille) was used by contrast to other types of Tarots such asTarot deBesançon; those names were simply associated with cities where there were many cardmakers in the 18th century (previously several cities in France were involved in cardmaking).
Another local tradition is the making ofsantons, small hand-crafted figurines for the traditional Provençal Christmascreche. Since 1803, starting on the last Sunday of November, there has been a Santon Fair in Marseille; it is currently held in the Cours d'Estienne d'Orves, a large square off the Vieux-Port.
Marseille's main cultural attraction was, since its creation at the end of the 18th century and until the late 1970s, theOpéra. Located near the Old Port and the Canebière, at the very heart of the city, itsarchitectural stylewas comparable to the classical trend found in other opera houses built at the same time inLyonandBordeaux. In 1919, a fire almost completely destroyed the house, leaving only the stonecolonnadeandperistylefrom the original façade.The classical façade was restored and the opera house reconstructed in a predominantlyArt Decostyle, as the result of a major competition. Currently the Opéra de Marseille stages six or seven operas each year.
Since 1972, theBallet national de Marseillehas performed at the opera house; its director from its foundation to 1998 wasRoland Petit.
There are several popular festivals in different neighborhoods, with concerts, animations, and outdoor bars, like the Fête du Panier in June. On 21 June, there are dozens of free concerts in the city as part of France'sFête de la Musique, featuring music from all over the world. Being free events, many Marseille residents attend.
Marseille hosts a Gay Pride event in early July. In 2013, Marseille hostedEuropride, an internationalLGBTevent, 10 July–20.At the beginning of July, there is the International Documentary Festival.At the end of September, the electronic music festivalMarsatactakes place.
In October, theFiesta des Sudsoffers many concerts of world music.
Marseille is also well known in France for itship hop music.Bands likeIAMoriginated from Marseille. Other known groups includeFonky Family,Psy 4 de la Rime(including rappersSopranoandAlonzo), andKeny Arkana.
In a slightly different way,ragga musicis represented byMassilia Sound System.
Marseille has been the setting for many films.
Marseille is listed as a major centre of art and history. The city has many museums and galleries and there are many ancient buildings and churches of historical interest.
Most of the attractions of Marseille (including shopping areas) are located in the 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th arrondissements. These include:
In addition to the two in the Centre de la Vieille Charité, described above, the main museums are:
The main attractions outside the city centre include:
A number of the faculties of the three universities that compriseAix-Marseille Universityare located in Marseille:
In addition Marseille has fourgrandes écoles:
The main French research bodies including theCNRS,INSERMandINRAare all well represented in Marseille. Scientific research is concentrated at several sites across the city, including Luminy, where there are institutes in developmental biology (the IBDML), immunology (CIML), marine sciences and neurobiology (INMED), at the CNRS Joseph Aiguier campus (a world-renowned institute of molecular and environmental microbiology) and at the Timone hospital site (known for work in medical microbiology). Marseille is also home to the headquarters of theIRD, which promotes research into questions affecting developing countries.
The city is served by an international airport,Marseille Provence Airport, located in Marignane. The airport is the fifth busiest French airport, was known as the fourth most important European traffic growth in 2012.An extensive network of motorways connects Marseille to the north and west (A7), Aix-en-Provence in the north (A51), Toulon (A50) and theFrench RivieraIt is the most populous city in the French Riviera(A8) to the east.
Gare de Marseille Saint-Charlesis Marseille's main railway station. It operates direct regional services to Aix-en-Provence,Briançon, Toulon,Avignon,Nice,Montpellier,Toulouse,Bordeaux,Nantes, etc. Gare Saint-Charles is also one of the main terminal stations for theTGVin the south of France making Marseille reachable in three hours from Paris (a distance of over 750 km) and just over one and a half hours from Lyon. There are also direct TGV lines toLille, Brussels, Nantes,Geneva,StrasbourgandFrankfurtas well asEurostarservices toLondon(just in the summer) and Thello services to Milan (just one a day), via Nice and Genoa.
There is a new long-distance bus station adjacent to new modern extension to the Gare Saint-Charles with destinations mostly to otherBouches-du-Rhônetowns, including buses toAix-en-Provence, Cassis,La CiotatandAubagne. The city is also served with 11 other regional trains stations in the east and the north of the city, includingMarseille-Blancarde.
Marseille has a largeferry terminal, theGare Maritime, with services toCorsica,Sardinia,AlgeriaandTunisia.
Marseille is connected by theMarseille Métrotrain system operated by theRégie des transports de Marseille(RTM). It consists of two lines: Line 1 (blue) between Castellane and La Rose opened in 1977 and Line 2 (red) between Sainte-Marguerite-Dromel and Bougainville opened between 1984 and 1987. An extension of the Line 1 from Castellane to La Timone was completed in 1992, another extension from La Timone to La Fourragère (2.5 km (1.6 mi) and 4 new stations) was opened in May 2010. The Métro system operates on a turnstile system, with tickets purchased at the nearby adjacent automated booths. Both lines of the Métro intersect at Gare Saint-Charles and Castellane. Threebus rapid transitlines are under construction to better connect the Métro to farther places (Castellane -> Luminy; Capitaine Gèze – La Cabucelle -> Vallon des Tuves; La Rose -> Château Gombert – Saint Jérôme).
An extensivebus networkserves the city and suburbs of Marseille, with 104 lines and 633 buses. The three lines of thetramway,opened in 2007, go from theCMA CGM Towertowards Les Caillols.
As in many other French cities, a bike-sharing service nicknamed "Le vélo", free for trips of less than half an hour, was introduced by the city council in 2007.
A free ferry service operates between the two opposite quays of the Old Port. From 2011 ferry shuttle services operate between the Old Port and Pointe Rouge; in spring 2013 it will also run to l'Estaque.There are also ferry services and boat trips available from the Old Port toFrioul, theCalanquesand Cassis.
The city boasts a wide variety of sports facilities and teams. The most popular team is the city'sfootball club,Olympique de Marseille, which was the finalist of theUEFA Champions Leaguein 1991, before winning the competition in 1993, the only French club to do so as of 2024. The club also became finalists of theUEFA Europa Leaguein 1999, 2004 and 2018. The club had a history of success under then-ownerBernard Tapie. The club's home, theStade Vélodrome, which can seat around 67,000 people, also functions for other local sports, as well as thenational rugby team. Stade Velodrome hosted a number of games during the1998 FIFA World Cup,2007 Rugby World Cup,UEFA Euro 2016and2023 Rugby World Cup. The local rugby teams areMarseille XIIIandMarseille Vitrolles Rugby.
Marseille is famous for its importantpétanqueactivity, it is even renowned as thepétanque capitale.In 2012 Marseille hosted the Pétanque World Championship and the city hosts every year theMondial la Marseillaise de pétanque, the main pétanque competition.
Sailing is a major sport in Marseille. The wind conditions allow regattas in the warm waters of the Mediterranean.Throughout most seasons of the year it can be windy while the sea remains smooth enough to allow sailing. Marseille has been the host of 8 (2010) Match Race France events which are part of theWorld Match Racing Tour. The event draws the world's best sailing teams to Marseille. The identical supplied boats (J Boats J-80 racing yachts) are raced two at a time in an on the water dogfight which tests the sailors and skippers to the limits of their physical abilities.
Points accrued count towards the World Match Racing Tour and a place in the final event, with the overall winner taking the title ISAF World Match Racing Tour Champion. Match racing is an ideal sport for spectators in Marseille, as racing in close proximity to the shore provides excellent views. The city was also considered as a possible venue for 2007America's Cup.
CN Marseillehas traditionally been one of France's dominantWater poloteams as it won theChampionnat de Francea total of 36 times.
Marseille is also a place for otherwater sportssuch aswindsurfingandpowerboating. Marseille has threegolf courses. The city has dozens of gyms and several public swimming pools. Running is also popular in many of Marseille's parks such as Le Pharo and Le Jardin Pierre Puget. An annual footrace is held between the city and neighbouring Cassis: theMarseille-Cassis Classique Internationale.
The2025 Tour de la Provencebegan in Marseille with stage 1. on 14th February 2025.
Marseille was the birthplace of:
Marseille istwinnedwith 14 cities, all of them being port cities, with the exception of Marrakech.
In addition, Marseille has signed various types of formal agreements of cooperation with 21*  Cities all over the world: