Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok

Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok(Hàn-jī:中華人民共和國;Kán-hòa-jī:中华人民共和国), kán-chhengTiong-kok(中國,Kán-hòa-jī:中国), sī tiàm tīTang A-chiuê chi̍t êsiā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka, tī1949-nî10 go̍eh 1 ji̍tsêng-li̍p, siú-to͘ tīPak-kiaⁿ-chhī.Tiong-kok , thó͘-tēbīn-chektāi-iok sī 960 bānpêng-hong kong-lí, sī sè-kài siōngpâi tī chêng kúi miâê kok-ka.
Tiong-kok ū 34 ê it-kip hêng-chèng-khu, pau-koat 23 êséng,5 êchū-tī-khu, 4 êti̍t-hat-chhī, kap 2 ête̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu.
Tiong-kok êjîn-kháuchhiau-kòe 14 ek (2022 nî), sī bo̍k-chêng sè-kài siōng jîn-kháu siōng chē ê kok-ka. Tiong-kok mā sī chi̍t ê to-bîn-cho̍k kok-ka, ū 56 êbîn-cho̍k, kî-tiongHàn-cho̍kjîn-kháu siōng chē, chiàm siōng-bô 9 siâⁿ.
Tiong-kok êkok-gísīHôa-gí, chèng-sek chheng-ho͘ sīHiān-tāi Piau-chún Hàn-gíchi-tiong êPhó͘-thong-ōe, i sú-iōng ê bûn-jī sīkui-hoān Hàn-jī, mā kiò-chòkán-hòa-jī.
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok bo̍k-chêng sī sè-kài tē-2 tōakeng-chè-thé, 2021 nî Tiong-kok êGDPū 17.7 tiāuBí-kim, àn-chiàu kok-chè hōe-lu̍t kè-sǹg, pâisè-kài tē-jī, kan-taⁿ suBí-kok, àn-chiàukò͘-bé-le̍k pêng-kèlâi kè-sǹg, sī sè-kài tē-it.1978 nîKái-kek khai-hòngāu, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok sīkeng-chè sêng-tióngsiōng kín ê chi̍t ê chú-iàu keng-chè-thé,i ê GDP sêng-tióng-lu̍t tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī sè-kài thâu 20 miâ keng-chè-thé chi-tiong siōng koân ·ê.
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kok-miâ tiong, "Tiong-hôa" tāi-piáuTiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k, "jîn-bîn" tāi-piáukang-lâng,chò-sit-lâng,sió chu-sán kai-kipkapbîn-cho̍k chu-sán kai-kip, "kiōng-hô-kok" tāi-piáu i êkok-thé.
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ū-sî ē hō͘ lâng kiò-chò "Sin Tiong-kok", che sī beh hām SinBīn-chú Chú-gī Kek-bēngsî-kî ê "Kū Tiong-kok" chò khu-hun. M̄-kò 1949 nî kàu 1971 nî chi-kan,Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-húî-sóa khìTâi-oânliáu-āu, iu-goân hō͘kok-chè siā-hōetòng-chò sī Tiong-kok chèng-hú, jî-chhiáⁿ tīLiân-ha̍p-koktiong koh chiàm-iú Tiong-kok ê se̍k-chhù; chit-ê sî-chūn ê Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok hō͘ lâng kiò-chòÂng-sek Tiong-kok(紅色中國) ia̍h-sīKiōng-sán Tiong-kok(共產中國), chóng-·sī i oân-á kian-chhî i ka-kī sī tāi-piáu Tiong-kok ê î-it ha̍p-hoat chèng-hú.
1971 nî 10 goe̍h,Liân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōethong-kòeLiân-ha̍p-kok Tāi-hōe Tē 2758 Hō Koat-gī, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tùi hit-sî khai-sí chhú-tit "Tiong-kok" ê se̍k-chhù kap siong-koan tē-ūi, "Tiong-kok" chit-ê sû mā chiām-chiām chiâⁿ-chò kok-chè siā-hōe tùi Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê chheng-ho͘. "Tiong" (中) ia̍h-sī "Hôa" (華) chia-ê kán-chheng mā tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ lóng sī teh chí-chheng Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok, chhiūⁿ-kóng "Tiong-Ji̍t koan-hē", "chū-Hôa tāi-sài" téng-téng.
1949 nî í-āu, khòng-chèTâi-oân tē-khuêTiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-húkàu-taⁿ iáu-bōe tī hiàn-hoat chân-kip chú-tiuⁿ i ka-kī kap Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok sī bô-kâng ê nn̄g êchú-khoân kok-ka, só͘-í i bô ài iōng chèng-sek kok-miâ lâi chheng-ho͘ Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok, tian-tò sī kā i kiò-chò "Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k", "Tāi-lio̍k", "Tāi-lio̍k Tong-kio̍k", "Pak-kiaⁿ Tong-kio̍k", ia̍h "Tiong-kiōng" téng-téng. Sī-kóng,Bîn-chú Chìn-pō͘ Tóngchip-chèng sî-kî, Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok Chèng-hú ū-sî mā ē ti̍t-chiap kóng "Tiong-kok" ia̍h-sī "Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok".
Tiong-kok ê hoat-tēng kiong-he̍k pak chìHek-liông-kang-séngBô͘-hô-koānêHek-liông-kanghô-chhoan hâng-tō tiong-sim-tiám, tang chì Hek-liông-kang kapO͘-so͘-lí-kangha̍p-káng êHeixiazi-tó, sai chìSin-kiong Uyghur Chú-tī-khuUlugqat-koānse-hng êPamir koân-phiâⁿ, lâm chìHái-lâm-séngkoán-hat chi-hā,Lâm-soa Kûn-tóêChan-bú Àm-soa. Tang-sai kī-lī tāi-iok ū 5,200 km (hāⁿ-kòe 5 êsî-khu), lâm-pak kī-lī tāi-iok ū 5,500 km.
Tiong-kok ê hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ ū 18,000 km, óa-kīnPu̍t-hái,N̂g-hái,Tang Tiong-kok Hái,Lâm Tiong-kok Hái, kî-tiong Pu̍t-hái sī Tiong-kok ê lāi-hái, lāi-hái kap piⁿ-hái chúi-he̍k bīn-chek tāi-iok 470 bān km. iân-hái tó-sū ū 5000 gōa ê. Tiong-kok koh ū 3 ê chú-iàu êhái-kiap:Pu̍t-hái Hái-kiap,O͘-chúi-kau,Khêng-chiu Hái-kiap.
Tiong-kok ê pian-kài-sòaⁿlóng-chóng ū 22000 gōa km, sui-jiân iá ū chèng-gī, iû-goân sīsè-kài siōng tn̂g.I ū 14 ê lio̍k-siōng lîn-kok, sè-kài siōng chē, kahLō͘-se-apêⁿ chē.
Tiong-kok ê tē-sè sī sai koân tang kē, ē-sái hun-chò saⁿ gám gám-á. Tē-1 gám sī se-lâm-pō͘ êChheng-Chōng Ko-gôanmā hō͘ lâng kiò-chòSè-kài Chhù-chit.
1917 nîLō͘-se-aCha̍p-goe̍h Kek-bēngsêng-kong,kiōng-sán-chú-gīthoân ·ji̍p-khìTiong-kok. 1921 nîTiong-kok Kiōng-sán TóngtīSiōng-háisêng-li̍p, in ê bo̍k-phiau sī beh kiàn-ji̍p chi̍t êbû-sán kai-chip choan-chèngê chèng-khoân. Chi̍t-khai-sí, in ka-ji̍pKiōng-sán Kok-chèchiap-siū chí-tō, koh kapTiong-kok Kok-bîn Tóngha̍p-chok, chham-úPak-hoa̍t Chiàn-cheng, m̄-koh 1927 nîChiúⁿ Kài-chio̍hchò-thâu ê Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng si̍t-si "Chheng-tóng", nn̄g-pêng soah koan-hē phò-lia̍t, sòa·-lo̍h-lâi 10 nî ê sî-kan tō put-sî tehsio-chiàn. 1930 nî-tāi, íMô͘ Te̍k-tongchò-thâu ê pún-thó͘ phài la̍k-khoân, kiàn-li̍p tē-it ê iû Kiōng-sán-tóng chip-chèng ê chèng-khoân:Tiong-hoâ Soviet Kiōng-hô-kok.Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-chengsî-kî, Kiōng-sán Tóng koh-chài hām Kok-bîn-tóng ha̍p-chok, chhú-sî Kiōng-sán-tóng ê sè-le̍k tau̍h-tau̍h-á hùn-tōa.1945 nî Tiong-kok Khòng-ji̍t Chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, Kok-kiōng chi-kan ê chhiong-tu̍t ián-piàn chiâⁿ-chòTē-jī-chhù Kok-Kiōng Lāi-chiàn, lo̍h-bóe,Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóngléng-tō êTiong-kok Jîn-bîn Kái-hòng Kunphah-pāiTiong-kok Kok-bîn TóngêTiong-hôa Bîn-kok Kok-kun, thui-hoanTiong-hôa Bîn-kok, chiàm-niáTiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k, ah Chiúⁿ Kài-chio̍h kap i ê chèng-khoân tō͘-hái liû-bông kàuTâi-oân tē-khu.
Àn-chiàuTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiàn-hoat, Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok kok-thé sī ûikang-lâng kai-chipléng-tō ê, íkang-lông liân-bêngûi ki-chhó͘ ê,jîn-bîn bīn-chú choan-chèngêsiā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka.Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok mā sī sè-kài siōng chió-sò͘ iûkiōng-sán-tóngchip-chèng, jî-chhiáⁿ soan-iôngkiōng-sán-chú-gīê kok-ka chi-it.Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê kok-kaì-sek-hêng-thàisīMá-khek-su-chú-gī, koh ū Tiong-kok Kiōng-sán Tóng tī Má-khek-su-chú-gī ê ki-chhó͘ siōng thê-chhut êMô͘ Te̍k-tong Su-sióng,Tēng Siáu-pêng Lí-lūn,Saⁿ ê Tāi-piáu,Kho-ha̍k Hoat-tián Koan,Si̍p Kīn-pêng Sin Sî-tāi Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hōe-chú-gī Su-sióngténg-téng lí-lūn.Kok-chèng hong-chiam pau-koat Jîn-bîn bîn-chú choan-chèng,Tiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hōe-chú-gīkapSiā-hōe-chú-gī Chhī-tiúⁿ-keng-chè.
Choân-kok Jîn-bîn Tāi-piáu Tāi-hōe(全國人民代表大會) sī kok-ka chòe-ko khoân-le̍k ki-koan; chú-iàu hêng-súli̍p-hoat-khoân, pēng soán-chhutkok-ka goân-siú(Kok-ka Chú-se̍k),hêng-chèng ki-koan(Kok-bū-īⁿ),su-hoatki-koan (Chòe-ko Jîn-bîn Hoat-īⁿ),kiám-chhatki-koan (Chòe-ko Jîn-bîn kiám-chhat Īⁿ),kū-suki-koan (Tiong-iong Kun-sū Úi-oân-hōe),kám-chhatki-koan (Kok-ka Kàm-chhat Úi-oân-hōe) téng-téng ê.
Tiong-kok sī sè-kài siōng gâu khai lêng-goân ê kok-ka, mā sī lêng-goân seng-sán siōng chē ê kok-ka. 2016 nî seng-sántiān-le̍k5.883 tiāutō͘tiān, siau-mô͘ 5.564 tiāu tō͘ tiān.
Tiong-kok ūthih-lō͘ hē-thóng,kong-lō͘ hē-thóng,hâng-khong hē-thóng, hâng-ūn hē-thóng kappipeline ūn-sukò͘-sêng ê kau-thong ūn-su-bāng.
Tiong-kok sīSè-kài Bō͘-e̍k Cho͘-chitê sêng-goân, i sī tī 2001 nî ká-ji̍t-·khì ·ê.
Tiong-kok ūHôa-ûi,Lenovo chi̍p-thoân,Siáu-bí Kho-ki,OPPOténg-téng kò-jîn tiān-náu kap chhiū-ki kong-si.
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok êhoat-tēng bîn-cho̍kū 56 ê, ha̍p-chhengTiong-hôa Bîn-cho̍k, kî-tiong ê chú-thé sīHàn-cho̍k. Tû-khì Hàn-cho̍k lia̍h-gōa ê 55 cho̍k lóng hŏng kiò-chò "siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k",
Tiong-kok êgí-giânchin chē, ē-sái hun-c 5 ê hògí-giân ka-cho̍k:Hàn-chōng gí-hē,Altai gí-hē,Lâm-tó gí-hē,Lâm-a gí-hē,Ìn-au gí-hē.Hàn-chōng gí-hē ē-kha êHàn-gísī Tiong-kok lāi-té sú-iōng jîn-kháu siōng chē ·ê, mā sī sè-kài siōng sú-iōng jîn-kháu siōng ·ê. Hàn-gí ē-kha pau-hâm 7 ê tōa hun-chi:Koaⁿ-ōe,Ngô͘-gí,Oa̍t-gí,Bân-gí,Siong-gí,Kàm-gí,Kheh-ka-gí, in hō͘ Tiong-kok ê gí-giân-ha̍k-ka tòng-chò Hân-gí ê "hong-giân".
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok tī 2000 nî thong-kòeTiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Thong-iōng Gí-giân Bûn-jī Hoat, i-hoat chiongPhó͘-thong-ōekapkui-hoān Hàn-jītēng ûi kok-ka thong-iōng gí-giân bûn-jī, í-piān choân-kok kok-cho̍k jîn-bîn  ko͘-thong kau-liû.Chèng-hú ūn-hù tī te̍k-tēng chêng-hêng hā pó-liû hoân-thé hàn-jī, jî-chhiáⁿ hō͘ kok bîn-cho̍k ē-sái khì sú-iōng kap hoat-tián ka-kī ê gí-giân kap bûn-jī.Kok-ka thong-iōng-gíPhó͘-thong-ōesī "íPak-kiaⁿgí-im ûi phiau-chún im, ípak-hng-ōeûi ki-chhó͘ hong-giân, í tián-hoān ê hiān-tāipe̍h-ōe-bûntù-chok ûi gí-hoat kui-hoān".
Tiong-kok ê siáu-sò͘ cho̍k-kûn mā sú-iōng in ka-kī ê gí-giân, pí-lūn-kóngBông-kó͘-gí,Chōng-gí,Uyghur-gí,Kazakh-gí,Tiâu-sián-gí,Î-gí,Chòng-gíténg-téng.
Sui-jiân Tiong-kok tī hoat-lu̍t siōng siá kóng ē pó-chiong só͘-ū gí-giân, si̍t-chè-siōng put-sî leh táⁿ-ap Phó͘-thong-ōe lia̍h-gōa ê gí-giân. Pí-lūn-kóng tī siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k tē-khu, Tiong-kok chèng-hú chiām-chiām hān-chè siáu-sò͘ bîn-cho̍k sú-iōng bîn-cho̍k gí-giân lâi kha-chheh, chhut-pán, chhiūⁿBông-kó͘-gí,Chōng-gí,Uyghur-gílóng ū siū-hāi ê kì-lio̍k, chit khoán chêng-hêng mā put-sî leh siū-tio̍h jîn-khoân jîn-sū ê phoe-phêng.
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok ê koaⁿ-hong li̍p-tiûⁿ sībû-sîn-lūn, bô siat-tì hoat-tēng chong-kàu, chèng-hú chi-chhî pēng chip-hêng hoán-chong-kàu ūn-tōng. Sui-jiânHiàn-hoatpó-chiong chong-kàu chū-iû,koh ūKok-ka Chong-kàu Sū-bū Kio̍kkoán-lí kok-lāi chong-kàu sū-bū, tān-sī bô hō͘ chèng-hú phoe-chún ê chong-kàu cho͘-chit ē siū-tio̍h, ah-chē sīm-chì phò-hāi.