Apple Wallet

Apple Wallet(or simplyWallet, known asPassbookprior to iOS 9) is adigital walletdeveloped byApple Inc.and included withiOSandwatchOSthat allows users to store Wallet passes such ascoupons,boarding passes,student IDcards,government ID cards, business credentials, resort passes, car keys, home keys, eventtickets,public transportationpasses,storecards, and – starting withiOS 8.1–credit cards, anddebit cardsfor use viaApple Pay.
Apple Passbook was announced at the 2012Apple Worldwide Developers Conferenceon June 11, 2012, and released withiOS 6on September 19, 2012.It was renamed "Apple Wallet" with the release of iOS 9 on September 16, 2015.
Wallet displaysAztec,PDF417, andQR2D barcodes andCode 1281D barcodes beginning withiOS 9.Each digital coupon or ticket is known as a "pass".When the user launches Wallet for the first time, a brief introduction screen appears with a button inviting users to browse apps on theApp Storewith Wallet integration. Passes can also be distributed online viaSafari, sent to the user via email, or scanned using the built-in scanner in Wallet.
Passes are synced between iOS devices usingiCloud, andOS X 10.8.2and later also support opening passes to be sent to users' iOS devices. Although the app is available iniOS 6or later, it is only available oniPhoneandiPod Touch, but not oniPad.
Since iOS 16, Wallet has also included the ability to track package deliveries for Apple Pay purchases from selected retailers, providing order details and shipping estimations as well as notifications for order arrivals or updates.
Wallet has the following features:
The first form of Express Mode came under the name "Express Transit" in iOS 12.3. Since then, supported payment cards, as well as somestored-value transport cards(such asOctopusorSuica) could be used to pay for journeys on certain public transport networks without requiring the user to authenticate the payment withTouch IDorFace ID, or even needing to wake the device.Once a supported payment or transit card is selected as a user's Express Transit card, one can simply hold their device near the card reader to authorize payment for the journey.
Since the initial functionality launched, Express Mode has expanded along with the number of card schemes Wallet supports. As of 2023,home keys, transit cards, access badges, campus IDs, hotel keys, and car keys are supported types of cards that can be used with Express Mode. However, Apple limits some passes if they are the same type or from the same issuer from being used with Express Mode. For example, a user can only have one campus ID and one car keyeachset to Express Mode. This can be mitigated in a sense by using an Apple Watch to split the Express Mode passes between multiple devices. Some cards support grouping to help ease the space that could be taken in the device's secure element. For instance, if a user has multiple home keys linked to Apple Home or multiple hotel rooms at a supported resort, all locks will be valid with a singular pass.
On iPhone XR, iPhone XS, or iPhone SE (2nd generation) and later, Express Mode cards can be used up to five hours via power reserve after the device has powered off due to a drained battery. A low-battery icon will display with "Express Cards Available" text appearing at the bottom of the display, letting users know that Express Mode-enabled cards are still available for usage. Payment cards are only available via power reserve when used for transit transactions. Power reserve functionality isnotavailable for any Apple Watch model as of 2023.
Passes exist in a larger ecosystem, because  passes are created as a package. The package is a pass template, that is created with a pass signer, along with relevant data and a private key. Passes can be updated at any time using the PassKit API and an iOS app can interact directly with passes stored in Wallet.
Passes are presented and managed by Wallet. Systems and apps interact with passes via the PassKitAPI.
In its simplest form, an interaction (or transaction) between a pass and a system is facilitated by a 2D barcode or the modern QR code although it requires the customer to initiate the activity.
In late 2014, the first known implementations utilizing the iBeacon wirelessGeo-fencestarted to appear in retail locations in the US. The iBeacon solutions allowed the retailer to broadcast an unsolicited lock-screen notice onto smartphones withinBluetoothrange.
In 2015, Apple incorporated the ability to present a loyalty card in Wallet to aPayment terminalviaNFC.Walgreensenabled this first with their Balance Rewards loyalty program; customers can add their card to Wallet through the Walgreens orDuane Reademobile apps and tap their device to the terminal when prompted for their rewards card.
In 2016, Apple released theiPhone 7, along with Apple Pay support in Japan. This includedIC e-cardslikeSuicato also be added digitally onto Apple Wallet. These cards work like a normal IC card, just on theiPhone, and Apple Wallet users can make normal transactions with their IC card using their iPhone, using theFeliCaNFC contactless technology to operate. Apple Wallet users can also reload their IC card just from their device using a debit or credit card added to Apple Wallet. To get a Suica, you could buy one digitally from Apple Wallet, or get a physical one from aJR Eaststation and transfer the card balance to an iPhone. Japan's second main IC card,PASMO, would also be released later in 2020 with support with Apple Wallet.
In 2018, support was added for contactlessCampus cardfor select universities. Such credentials operate in a similar manner to physicalRFIDcards in that they can be tapped to supported readers.The power reserve feature on select iPhones and Apple Watches allows for continued use of the card even when the battery is depleted as long as Express Mode is enabled.
In 2020, car keys were made available for the Apple Wallet, beginning with supportedBMWvehicles. Such keys can be shared with friends and family, and permissions can be set per member, such as how fast they can go and whether or not some vehicle-specific features can be enabled/disabled or not. Such passes can also operate overUWBin addition to NFC.
In 2021, Apple announced the ability to storegovernment-issued ID cards, resort passes, home keys, and business credentials in Wallet. As of October 2024, seven U.S. States offer the ability to store aIDUSwithin the wallet app, those being Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Maryland, and Ohio.
In 2022, Apple announced a new feature to track yourApple Payorders in Wallet.
Apple Account is a stored value gift card that is issued and managed within Wallet. Users can add balances from iTunes and Apple gift cards for use in physicalApple Storesvia Apple Pay or online across Apple's various services and online shop. Available only in the United States, Australia, Canada, and Japan.
Apple Card is an Apple-branded credit card that is issued and managed within Wallet. The service is provided byGoldman Sachsin association with Apple. Users can receive "Daily Cash" when shopping at certain retailers. A digital card is available to be added to Apple Pay for wherever Mastercard cards are accepted online or in-store. A physical card is also available, though it notably lacks anNFC antenna. Available only in the United States.
In November 2023, it was revealed that Goldman Sachs would cease to be Apple's financial partner in the venture within the next 18 months.
Goldman Sachs also offers a savings account to Apple Card holders, with a maximumannual percentage yieldof 4.15%. A savings account is not required to utilize Apple Card.
Apple Cash is aP2P paymentservice within Wallet. The service is provided byGreen Dot Bankin association with Apple. Users can send and receive funds with others through the Wallet or Messages apps on iOS, watchOS, iPadOS, or macOS, or via tapping another user's iPhone or Apple Watch. A digital card is available to be added to Apple Pay for wherever Visa cards are accepted online or in-store. At launch, this service operated over theDiscover Debitnetwork, but has since switched toVisa Debit. Available only in the United States.
Apple Pay is a service within Wallet that allows for payments with select banks and card networks. Currently available in 83 countries.
FinanceKit is an API that allows third party iOS & iPadOS apps to display data from Apple Card, Apple Cash, Savings, and Orders stored in Wallet. Available only to apps that are listed in the AmericanApp Store.
The Apple Wallet app is preinstalled on most iPhone and Apple Watch models worldwide, and developers from any country where Apple Developer resources are available can develop passes for Wallet. This is different from Apple Pay, which resides within Wallet, which currently has limited availability to a smaller selection of nations.
These features in Wallet are locked behind a specific region setting of an iOS/watchOS device.
These programs are conveyed through NFC via Apple Wallet's VAS protocol. Programs that support One Tap are conveyed at the same time as a payment card stored in Apple Wallet. Conversely, Two Tap programs are redeemed in a sequential manner, where a loyalty pass is scanned first, and then the payment can be presented.
Forpublic transportsystems where payment cards can be used & Express Mode is supported, passengers can travel with Apple Pay without authenticating each transaction. Transit cards that support direct provisioning can be issued within the Apple Wallet app itself, without needing to download a separate third-party application. Express Transit/Travel mode is available in the following places:
In addition to the above scenarios, Apple Pay can still be used with other non-Express Transit/Travel readers that accept contactless open loop payment cards, but they will have to be verified beforehand.
These territories permit their residents to save theirgovernment-issued identificationcredentials in Apple Wallet. Unlike the equivalent physical credentials,mobile government IDsin Apple Wallet can only be presented using NFC, so no barcode is scanned when presenting. Mobile IDs in Apple Wallet operate over the ISO 18013-5 or ISO 23220 mobile personal identification standards.Once the credential is read, the ID holder must confirm the personal information they wish to share (full name, age, etc.) The transmission to the reader device will be completed overBLEafter the presentation is fully verified. Added credentials can also be requested by apps to present virtually.Available for iPhone 8 or later, and Apple Watch Series 4 or later.
These home locks, vehicle models, hotel rooms, and more can be unlocked via NFC with the iPhone XR, iPhone XS or later, and Apple Watch Series 5 or later. In addition, certain car models that support operation via UWB (AKA "passive entry") require anUWB compatible device(such as the iPhone 11 or later or the Apple Watch Series 6 or later) for enhanced functionality.