Honeycrisp

Honeycrisp(Malus pumila) is anapple cultivar(cultivated variety) developed at theMinnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research Centerat theUniversity of Minnesota,Twin Cities. Designated in 1974 with the MN 1711 test designation, patented in 1988, and released in 1991, the Honeycrisp, once slated to be discarded, has rapidly become a prized commercial agriculturalproduct, as its sweetness, firmness, and tartness make it an ideal apple for eating raw."...The apple wasn't bred to grow, store or ship well. It was bred for taste: crisp, with balanced sweetness and acidity."It has larger cells than most apple cultivars, a trait which is correlated with juiciness, as larger cells are more prone to rupturing  instead of cleaving along the cell walls; this rupturing effect is likely what makes the apple taste juicier.The Honeycrisp also retains itspigmentwell and has a relatively longshelf lifewhen stored in cool, dry conditions.Pepin Heights Orchards delivered the first Honeycrisp apples to grocery stores in 1997.The nameHoneycrispwas trademarked by the University of Minnesota, but university officials were unsure of its patent status in 2007.It is now the official state fruit of Minnesota.A large-sized honeycrisp will contain about 116 kilocalories (490 kJ).
U.S. Plant Patent 7197 and Report 225-1992 (AD-MR-5877-B) from the Horticultural Research Center indicated that the Honeycrisp was ahybridof the apple cultivars'Macoun'and'Honeygold'.However,genetic fingerprintingconducted by a group of researchers in 2004, which included those who were  attributed on the US plant patent, determined that neither of these cultivars is a parent of the Honeycrisp.  It found that one parent was a hybrid of the Keepsake (itself a hybrid of Frostbite (MN447) xNorthern Spy)while the other was identified in 2017 as the unreleased University of Minnesota selection MN1627. The grandparents of Honeycrisp on the MN1627 side are theDuchess of Oldenburgand theGolden Delicious.
The US patent for the Honeycrisp cultivar expired in 2008, although patents in some countries don't expire until as late as 2031.Patent royalties had generated more than $10 million by 2011, split three ways by the University of Minnesota between its inventors, the college and department in which the research was conducted, and a fund for other research.The University of Minnesota crossed Honeycrisp with another of their apple varieties,Minnewashta(brand nameZestar!), to create a hybrid calledMinneiska(brand nameSweeTango),released as a "managed variety" to control how and where it can be grown and sold.
SugarBeeis an open cross-pollination between Honeycrisp and an unknown variety discovered in Minnesota in the early 1990s.
Honeycrisp apple flowers areself-sterile, so another apple variety must be nearby as apollenizerin order to get fruit. Most other apple varieties will pollenize Honeycrisp, as will varieties ofcrabapple.Honeycrisp will not come true when grown from seed. Trees grown from the seeds of Honeycrisp apples will be hybrids of Honeycrisp and the pollenizer.
Young trees typically have a lower density of large, well-colored fruit, while mature trees have higher fruit density of fruit with diminished size and color quality.Fruit density can be adjusted through removal of blossom clusters or young fruit to counteract the effect.Flesh firmness is also generally better with lower crop densities.Bitter pitdisproportionately affects Honeycrisps; typically 23% of the harvest is affected.
As a result of the Honeycrisp apple's growing popularity, the government ofNova Scotia, Canada, spent overC$1.5 million funding a five-year Honeycrisp Orchard Renewal Program from 2005 to 2010 to subsidize apple producers to replace older trees (mainlyMcIntosh) with newer higher-return varieties of apples: the Honeycrisp,Gala, andAmbrosia.
Apple growers inNew Zealand'sSouth Islandhave begun growing Honeycrisp to supply consumers during the US off-season.The first batch of New Zealand-grown Honeycrisp cultivars being introduced to the North American market have been branded using the "HoneyCrunch" registered trademark.According to theUS Apple Associationwebsite it is one of the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States.