Ploughman's lunch

Aploughman's lunchis an originally British coldmealbased aroundbread,cheese, and fresh orpickled onions.Additional items can be added, such asham, greensalad, hardboiled eggs, andapple, and usual accompaniments arebutterand a sweet pickle such asBranston.As its name suggests, it is most commonly eaten atlunchtime. It is particularly associated withpubs, and often served withbeer;the saltiness of the cheese was noted to enhance the "relish of the beer."
Beer, bread, and cheese have been combined in theBritish dietsince antiquity, and have been served together ininnsfor centuries. However, the specific term "ploughman's lunch" is believed to date from the 1950s, when the Cheese Bureau, a marketing body, began promoting it in pubs as a way to increase the sales of cheese, which had recently ceased to be rationed.Its popularity increased as theMilk Marketing Boardpromoted the meal nationally throughout the 1960s.
Bread and cheese formed the basis of the diet of English rural labourers for centuries: skimmed-milk cheese, supplemented with small amounts oflardand/orbutter, was their main source of fats and protein.In the absence of access to expensive seasonings, onions were the "favoured condiment",as well as providing a valuable source ofvitamin C.
The reliance on cheese rather than meat protein was especially strong in the south of the country.As late as the 1870s, farmworkers inDevonwere said to eat "bread and hard cheese at 2d. a pound, with cider very washy and sour" for their midday meal.While this diet was associated withrural poverty, it also gained associations with more idealised images of rural life.Anthony TrollopeinThe Duke's Childrenhas a character comment that "A rural labourer who sits on the ditch-side with his bread and cheese and an onion has more enjoyment out of it than anyLucullus".
While farm labourers usually carried their food with them to eat in the fields, similar food was for a long time served inpublic housesas a simple, inexpensive meal. In 1815,William Cobbettrecalled how farmers going to market inFarnham, forty years earlier, would often add "2d. worth of bread and cheese" to the pint of beer they drank at the inn stabling their horses.In the 19th century the English fondness for serving cheese and bread with beer was noted, as "the very dryness and saltness heighten thirst, and therefore the relish of the beer".In the early 20th century, bread and cheese was still the only food available in many rural pubs: in 1932Martin Armstrongdescribed stopping at village inns for a lunch of bread, cheese and beer, noting that "On these occasions in country inns when bread, cheese and beer seem so extraordinarily good, the alternative is generally nothing; and compared with nothing bread, cheese, and beer are beyond compare".
WhileOxford English Dictionarystates the first recorded use of the phrase "ploughman's luncheon" occurred in 1837, from theMemoirs of the Life of Sir Walter ScottbyJohn G. Lockhart, this stray early use may have meant merely the sum of its parts, "a lunch for a ploughman".TheOED's next reference is from the July 1956Monthly Bulletinof theBrewers' Society, which describes the activities of the Cheese Bureau, a marketing body affiliated with theJ. Walter Thompsonadvertising agency. It describes how the Bureau
By the 1950s, the traditional combination of bread, cheese, beer and onions was certainly being referred to by forms of the name later used to promote it. In 1956, authorAdrian Bellreported: "There's a pub quite close to where I live where ... all you need say is, 'Ploughboy's Lunch, Harry, please'. And in a matter of minutes a tray is handed across the counter to you on which is a good square hunk of bread, a lump of butter and a wedge of cheese, and pickled onions, along with your pint of beer". Only a year later, in June 1957, another edition of theMonthly Bulletinof the Brewers' Society referred to a ploughman's lunch using that name, and said that it consisted of "cottage bread, cheese, lettuce, hard-boiled eggs, cold sausages and, of course, beer".TheGlasgownewspaperThe Bulletinfrom 15 April 1958andThe Timesfrom 29 April 1958 refer to a ploughman's lunch consisting of bread, cheese and pickled onions.
The meal rose rapidly in popularity during the 1970s. This has been argued to be at least partially based on a British cultural "revulsion from technology and modernity and a renewed love-affair with an idealised national past",although it appears the main reasons the ploughman's lunch was favoured by caterers were that it was simple and quick to prepare even for less skilled staff, required no cooking, and involved no meat, giving a potential for high profit margins.
The filmThe Ploughman's Lunch(1983), from a screenplay byIan McEwan, has a subtext that is "the way countries and people re-write their own history to suit the needs of the present".The title alludes to the debatable claim that the supposedly "traditional" meal was the result of a marketing campaign of the 1960s devised to encourage people to eat meals in pubs.
In 2023,Bon Appétitdescribed "girl dinner" as a rebrand of meals based on bread and cheese, such as the ploughman's lunch.