Tēng Siáu-pêng

Tēng Siáu-pêng(鄧小平,1904 nî8 goeh 22 jit –1997 nî2 goeh 19 jit), chêngTiong-kiōng Tiong-iongkun-úi chú-sek,Kok-bū-īⁿhù chóng-lí. Tēng Siáu-pêng chāi-siⁿ ê sî-chūn kóng ka-kī sīTiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóngkahTiong-kokkok-ka ê tē-jī tāi léng-tō-lâng, chit-ê kóng-hoat hō͘-lâng kóng-hōan ūn-iōng. Tēng Siáu-pêng sī Tiong-kokkái-kek khai-hòngkahit-kok-lióng-chèê thê-gī-chiá, sī Tiong-kok àn 1978 nî kàu 1997 nî tiong-kan, chèng-hú sit-chè siōng koân ê léng-tō-jîn. Tēng Siáu-pêng ê chèng-chhek chha-put-to í-keng éng-hiáng-tioh chit ê sî-kî múi chit ê tòa tī Tiong-kok Tāi-liok ê lâng, tī i ê léng-tō chi hā, chhian-chhian bān-bān ê Tiong-kok-lâng, seng-oah chúi-pêⁿ tit-tioh chin tōa ê kái-siān.
Tēng Siáu-pêng gôan-miâ kiòTēng Hi-hiân(鄧希賢), chhut-sì tīSù-chhoan-séngtang-pō͘ êKóng-an-kōan, hit-tong-sî i ê ka-kéng ôan-ná sǹg-sī bōe-bái. 1919 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng lī-khui ka-hiong, tīTiông-khèng1-keng Liû-ha̍k Ū-pī Ha̍k-hāu tha̍k-chheh, 1920 nî 9 go̍eh, chèng-sek khìHoat-kokliû-ha̍k. Tī Hoat-kok kî-kan, i ka-ji̍pTiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng, chiông-sūkiōng-sán chú-gīūn-tōng. 1925 nî nî-bóe, Tēng Siáu-pêng lī-khui Hoat-kok, chêng-óngSo͘-liân. TīBo̍k-su-khoseng-o̍ah tit-beh 1-nî ê sî-kan, liáu-āu tò-tńg-khì Tiong-kok. Hôe-kok āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng bat tiàmSe-anchham-ka kong-chok. Tāi-iok tī-lehTē 1 chhù Kok-Kiōng Ha̍p-chokphò-lia̍t liáu-āu, Tēng--sian ê kang-chok chóan-kàuBú-hàn, " Tēng Siáu-pêng " chit-ê miâ to̍h-sī hit-ê sî-chūn ké--kòe-lâi-ê. 1928 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng tam-jīmTiong-kiōng Tiong-iongpì-su-tiúⁿ, hoat-tòng kòe kúi-nā-pái ê khí-gī.
1931 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng lâi-kàuKang-sai, hit-sî i sīMô͘ Te̍k-tongê chi-chhî-chiá chi-it, só͘-í mā siū-tioh chó-phài sè-le̍k ê ap-pek. 1934 nî 10 go̍eh,Âng-kuntiông-chengkhai-sí, tīChun-gī hōe-gīliáu-āu, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong chiâⁿ-chòe Kiōng-sán-tòng ê léng-tō-lâng, koat-tēng hoe-ho̍k Tēng Siáu-pêng gôan-té ê chit-bū.Khòng-Ji̍t chiàn-chengpo̍k-hoat liáu-āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng chiâⁿ-chòePat-lō͘-kunchèng-tī-pō· hù chú-jīm. 1945 nî, tīTiong-kiōng tē-7 chhù tāi-piáu tāi-hōesiōng, i tòng-sóanTiong-iong úi-ôan.Kok-Kiōng lâi-chiànê sî-kî, i chham-ú chin-chōe pái tiōng-tāi ê chiàn-e̍k, sī i hāmLâu Pek-sêngchò-hóe kong-chiām sai-lâm tē-khu êHûn-lâm,Kùi-chiukahSù-chhoanchià-ê séng-hūn.
Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kokkiàn-kok ê chho͘-kî, Tēng Siáu-pêng it-ti̍t tiàm-tī sai-lâm séng-hūn kong-chok (tam-jīm sai-lâm-kiok su-kì), chú-iàu sī thui-sakthó͘-tē kái-kekchèng-chhek. 1952 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng tiāu-khìPak-kiaⁿ, tam-jīmKok-bū-īⁿ(hit-sî kiò Chèng-bū-īⁿ) hù chóng-lí, keh-nî iū-koh chiap-jīmChâi-chèng pō͘-tiúⁿ. 1954 nî ê 4 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-jīm Tiong-kiōng Tiong-iong pì-su-tiúⁿ, kang-chok tāng-sim ùi chèng-hú chóan-î kàu tóng-lāi. 1955 nî 4 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng iū-koh ji̍p-sóanChèng-tī-kio̍k, chìn-ji̍p Kiōng-sán-tóng ê hu̍t-sim ki-kò͘.Tiong-kiōng tē-8 kài it-tiong chôan-hōeliáu-āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng tòng-sóan chò Tiong-iong úi-ôan-hōe chóng-su-kì, kahLâu Siàu-kîchò-hóe hū-chek ji̍t-siông ê sū-bū.
Pún-jiân, Tēng Siáu-pêng hāmMô͘ Te̍k-tong,Chiu Un-lâiit-ti̍t sǹg-sī tah-sim ê pêng-iú, chìn-chêng in ê su-jîn koan-hē mā chin-bā.Tāi-io̍k-chìn(大躍進) liáu-āu, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong tī Kiōng-sán-tóng lāi-pō͘ ê kôan-ui tē-ūi siū-kàu thiáu-chiàn,Lâu Siàu-kîhām Tēng Siáu-pêng ê tē-ūi khai-sí siōng-seng, in 2-lâng thui-hêng ê kái-kek tī chôan-kok siū-tio̍h chin-tōa ê chi-chhî. Che chin-tōa ê chhì-kek tio̍h Mô͘Te̍k-tong, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong lú-lâi-lú hôan-ló ē sit-khì kôan-le̍k. Mô͘ Te̍k-tong khai-sí lī-iōng i ê chèng-tī éng-hiáng, tī chôan-kok hōan-ûi-lāi hoat-tōng 1-tiûⁿ ê chèng-tī ūn-tōng, khì-tô͘ chhia-tó i ê chèng-te̍k.
1966 nî, Tiong-kokbûn-hòa tāi kek-bēngpo̍k-hoat, Tēng Siáu-pêng hông jīn-tiāⁿ sī " tē-jī hō cháu-chu-phài " (kiâⁿchu-pún chú-gīlō͘-sòaⁿ ê phái-pia̍t ), chū-án-ne, chêng 1967 nî liáu-āu, Tēng Siáu-pêng to̍h hán-tit kong-khai lō͘-bīn lo̍h, chhú-khì, Tēng Siáu-pêng koh-khah sī siū-tio̍hâng-ōe-penggiâm-gâi ê phoe-tò͘ kah nńg-kìm, i ê tōa-hàn hāu-seⁿTēng Phok-honghō͘ âng-ōe-peng lêng-tī kah pìⁿ-chiâⁿ pòan-sin-put-sûi, 1-sì-lâng thoa-phiaⁿ (chân-hùi). 1968 nî 10 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng hông thiat-siau tī tóng-lāi it-chhè ê chit-bū.
1969 nî 10 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng hô͘-lâng sàng-khìKang-saiê chi̍t-ê kang-tiûⁿ chiap-siū lô-kài. Kàu-kah 1971 nî, chèng-tī kio̍k-sè kái-piàn, Tēng Siáu-pêng siāng chú-iàu ê chèng-te̍kLîm Piuhoat-tòng chèng-piàn sit-pāi jî-chhiáⁿ tī-leh tô-bông ê sî-chūn in-ūi hui-ki sit-sū siak--sí. Tēng Siáu-pêng siá-phoe hō͘ Mô͘ Te̍k-tong, iau-kiû hoe-hok kang-chok. 1973 nî 2 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng lī-khui Kang-sai, tò-tńg-khì Pak-kiaⁿ, hoe-hok Kok-bū-īⁿ hù chóng-lí ê chit-bū. Ah-m̄-koh bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu, "Sù-lâng-pang" hoat-tōng àm-tiong chiam-tuiChiu Un-lâiê " phoe Lîm phoe khóng ūn-tōng " , tō-tì Tēng Siáu-pêng ê tē-ūi ū khó-lêng sûi-sî péng-pôaⁿ. Hó-ka-chài, chit-tiûⁿ ê phoe-tò· pēng bô ián-tó Chiu Un-lâi. 1974 nî nî-thâu, Chiu Un-lâi kiàn-khong chōng-hóng ok-hòa, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-bīn chú-chhî chèng-hú ji̍t-siông ê khang-khoè. 1974 nî 4 go̍eh, Tēng Siáu-pêng tī-lehNiú-iokchhut-se̍kLiân-ha̍p-kokhōe-gī ê sî-chūn, thê-chhut chiong kok-che pun-chòe " 3-ê sè-kài " ê koan-tiám. 1975 nî, tī Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ê thê-gī chi hā, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-jīm Kok-bū-īⁿ tē-it hú chóng-lí, lio̍h-á ū chhú-tāiÔng Hông-bûnchiap-pan ê khóan-sè, tī-sú 4-lâng-pang ê tē-ūi khai-sí tín-tāng--khì-lâi. 1975 nî nî-thâu ê hêng-sè tùi Tēng Siáu-pêng hām i ê chi-chhî-chiá lâi-kóng kán-na ū khah iú-lī, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong koh 1-pái tī tóng-lāi phoe-phêng 4-lâng-pang, Ông Hông-bûn mā hông tiāu tńg-khìSiōng-hái. Put-lī-kò kàu-kah nî-té, kio̍k-sè hiông-hiông iū-koh chóan-piàn, Tēng Siáu-pêng chhiáng-gī pēng-chhiáⁿ thui-sak keng-chè kiàn-siat ê chèng-chhek ín-khì Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ê hóan-kám, hit-sî, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong jîn-ûi chèng-tī kang-chok iu-gôan ài khng-tī tē-it-ūi. 1976 nî nî-thâu, Chiu Un-lâi kòe-sin, Tēng Siáu-pêng koh-1-pái cho-siū phoe-tò͘. Sui-jiân 4-lâng-pang thàn-tio̍h ki-hōe hòng-sù khau-sé kah boah-o͘ Tēng Siáu-pêng, m̄-koh khiok-sī bōe-tàng tī-tio̍h kûn-chiòng ê hiáng-èng, tian-tó, tī 4 go̍eh-hūn êThian-an-bûn sū-kiāⁿ--lih, chin-chōe lâng tah-chhut tōa-jī-pò, piáu-sī ài Tēng Siáu-pêng chhut-lâi chiap-pan. Kòe-āu, Mô͘ Te̍k-tong koh-1-pái phoe-chún kái-tû Tēng Siáu-pêng ê it-chhe chit-bū, chí-sī pó-liû i ê tóng-chek.
1977 nî 3 go̍eh,Hòa Kok-hongtiāu-khui kang-chok hōe-gī, ū-lâng thê-gī hōe-hok Tēng Siáu-pêng ê thâu-lō͘. 4 go̍eh 10 hō, Tēng Siáu-pêng siá-phoe hō͘ Hòa Kok-hong, piáu-sī chi-chhî, āu--lâi ,tī 7 ge̍h tiāu-khui êTiong-kiōng 10-kài 3-tiong chôan-hōe, koat-tēng hoe-hok Tēng Siáu-pêng chìn-chêng tī Tóng, chèng, kun (黨政軍) ê it-chhè chit-bū. Tēng Siáu-pêng mā tī chit-chhù ê hōe-téng hoat-piáu káng-ōe, piáu-sī it-tēng ài kian-chhî " si̍t-sū kiû-sī " (實事求是), put-kò, khiok-sī bô kóng-tio̍h Hòa Kok-hong ê " 2-ê hōan-sī " (两個凡是) .
1978 nî 5 go̍eh,Kong-bêng ji̍t-pòhoat-piáu 1-phiⁿ iû Tēng Siáu-pêng ê chhin-sìnÔ͘ Iāu-pangchhin-pit só͘-siá ê bûn-chiuⁿ, tê-bo̍k hō-choèSi̍t-chiàn sī kiám-giām chin-lí ê ûi-it piau-chún(實踐是檢驗真理的唯一標準). Bûn-chiuⁿ bêng-hiān sī teh phoe-phêng iòng-hō͘ " 2-ê hōan-sī " ê Hòa Kok-hong kahAng Tong-heng, bûn-chiuⁿ ê hoat-piáu, tī chôan-kok chiâⁿ-chòe chiau-tiám, tit-tio̍h chin-chē chiàⁿ-bīn ê phêng-kè. Che mā ûi Tēng Siáu-pêng ê chiūⁿ-tāi phah lo̍h chin-hó ê gû-lūn ki-chhó͘. Tī che í-āu, tng-nî 12 go̍eh êTiong-kiōng 11-kài 3-tiong chôan-hōetang-tiong, Tēng Siáu-pêng chiâⁿ-chòe siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-chiá, i tī hōe-gī téng, chài-tō· kiông-tiāusi̍t-sū kiû-sī, kái-hōng su-sióng(實事求是 解放思想), thê-chhut beh tī Tiong-kok kiàn-siat "4-ê hiān-tāi-hòa" (四個現代化) kah thiat-té kiú-chèng chìn-chêng chhò-gō͘ ê chèng-tī lō͘-sòaⁿ. Tī chit-pái ê hōe-gī liáu-āu, Ô͘ Iāu-pang chiâⁿ-chòeChèng-tī-kio̍kúi-ôan, bô-lōa-kú liáu-āu iū-koh chhut-jīm Tiong-iong pì-su-tiúⁿ kiam Soan-thôan pō͘-tiúⁿ.
1980 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng ê lēng-gōa 1-miâ chi-chhî-chiáTiō Chí-iôngchhú-tāi Hòa Kok-hong, chhut-jīm Kok-bū-īⁿ chóng-lí. 1981 nî, Ô͘ Iāu-pang iū-koh chhú-tāi Hòa Kok-hong ê tóng-chú-se̍k chit-bū. Kàu-kah chit-ê khám-chām, Tēng Siáu-pêng sui-jiân miâ-gī siōng chí-sī Tóng-tiong-iong kun-sū úi-ôan-hōe chú-se̍k, m̄-koh si̍t-chè siōng í-keng sī Tiong-kok siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-lâng.
Tēng Siáu-pêng kái-kek ê bo̍k-phiau sī kā Tiong-kok kiàn-siat chiâⁿ-chòe i-êlông-gia̍p,kang-gia̍p,kho-kikahkok-hôngchôan-bīnhiān-tāi-hòaê kok-ka, gôan-chek to̍h-sīsiā-hōe chú-gīchhī-tiûⁿ keng-chè.
Tēng Siáu-pêng thê-chhut tù-miâ ê siā-hōe chú-gī chho͘-kip kai-tōaⁿ (社會主義初級階段) lí-lūn, i jīn-ûi che to̍h-sī Tiong-kok bo̍k-chiân ê siā-hōe chú-gī, Kiōng-sán-tóng ê chit-chek to̍h-sī ôan-siānTiong-kok Te̍k-sek Siā-hoē-chú-gī(中國特色社會主義). Chit-chióng kái-sek kàng-kē keng-chè būn-tê tang-tiong ì-sek hêng-thāi ê tiōng-iàu-sèng, koh-khah chù-tiōng chèng-chhek ê si̍t-chè hāu-lêng. Tēng Siáu-pêng chí-chhut, siā-hōe chú-gī m̄-sī ì-bī tio̍h kiōng-tông sàn-chhiah, che hām Mô͘ Te̍k-tong ê koan-tiám ôan-chôan bô-kâng. Tēng Siáu-pêng kah kî-thaⁿ ê Kiōng-sán-tóng lâng bô kāng-khóan, i sī 1-ê chhiong-bóan kái-kek su-sióng ê léng-tō-lâng.
Tēng Siáu-pêng ūi Tiong-kok ê kái-kek thê-chhut sin ê lí-lūn ki-chhó͘, i tī-leh chè-tēng chèng-chhek ê sî m̄-nā ài seng tiàm tē-hng chèng-hú si̍t-si chhì-giām, mā ē chham-khó chiok-chōe gōa-kok-lâng ê keng-giām.
Tēng Siáu-pêng tī-leh gōa-kau hong-bīn ê chok-hong, mā hām Mô͘ Te̍k-tong bô-kâng, i hán-tit tâm kek-bēng, kēng-ka kiông-tiāu thong-kòe hô-pêng chhiú-tōaⁿ kái-koat kok-ka chi-kan ê cheng-toan. Lēng-gōa Tēng Siáu-pêng ê gōa-kau chèng-chhek mā pí i ê chiân-pòe koh-khah bū-si̍t, i jīn-ûi gōa-kau to̍h-sī kok-ka cheng-kiông si̍t-la̍t kah kok-chè éng-hiáng ê chhiú-tōaⁿ chi-it. Tiong-kok tī-leh ka-kiông kahBí-kokkoan-hē ê tông-sî, mā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á teh kái-siān chhamSo͘-liânê koan-hē. Siōng kin-pún--ê, Tiong-kok ê gōa-kau chèng-chhek sī hōng-hêng To̍k-li̍p chū-chú ê gôan-chek.
Kah kî-thaⁿ ê Tiong-kok léng-tō-jîn kāng-khóan, Tēng Siáu-pêng chin-chiàⁿ tiōng-sī kok-ka ê thóng-it, i siōng-chá khó-lū tio̍h ê sīTâi-ôan. 1981 nî, Tēng Siáu-pêng tùi 1-ê Bí-kok tāi-piáu-thôan piáu-sī kóng, thóng-it liáu-āu Tâi-ôan ē-tàng pó-chhî ka-tī ê chèng-tī chè-tō͘, chèng-hú kah kun-tūi, Tâi-ôan léng-tō-jîn sīm-chí koh ē-tit tam-jīm chôan-kok-sèng ê léng-tō chit-bū. che to̍h-sīit-kok-lióng-chè(一國兩制) siōng-chá ê thê-gī.it-kok lióng-chèsiōng chá sī chiam-tūiTâi-oân būn-têlâi siat-kè--ê, chòe-āu seng-kong ê ūn-iōng tīHiong-kángkahÒ-mn̂g, iah Tâi-ôan khiok-sī it-chài kū-cho̍at chit-ê thê-àn. 1984 nî 12 ge̍h, Tiong-Eng 2-kok chhiam-sú liân-ha̍p seng-bêng, koat-tēng chiong Hiong-káng hêng hō͘ Tiong-kok; 1986 nî , Tiong-Phû 2-kok mā kāng-khóan chhiam-sú kui-hêng Ò-mn̂g ê seng-bêng. Hiong-káng kah Ò-mn̂g hun-pia̍t tī 1997 kah 1999 nî hôe-kui Tiong-kok.