Christmas wafer

Christmas wafer(Polish:opłatek[ɔˈpwatɛk], pluralopłatki;Lithuanian:kalėdaitis[kɐlʲeːˈdɐjtʲɪs], pluralkalėdaičiai;Slovak:oblátka, pluraloblátky) is aCatholicChristmas traditioncelebrated inPoland,Lithuania,Moravia,andSlovakia.The custom is traditionally observed duringKūčiosin Lithuania andWigiliain Poland on December 24.
Theunleavenedwafers are baked from purewheat flourandwater, are usually rectangular in shapeand very thin; they are identical in composition to the altar bread that becomes theEucharistat theconsecrationduringMassin theRoman Catholic Church. The Opłatki wafers are embossed withChristmas-related religious images, varying from thenativity scene, especiallyVirgin Marywith babyJesus, to theStar of Bethlehem.
Before partaking of theChristmas Evemeal, the family gathers around the table. The eldest member holds a large wafer and breaks off a piece to begin the ritual.The remaining wafer is passed on to another member while a prayer for loved ones is said. This continues until everyone at the table has a piece of the wafer. Finally, each family member gives wishes to every other family member, consuming a piece of wafer broken off of the wafer piece of the person to whom they were giving their wishes.
The breaking of the Christmas wafer is a custom that began in Poland in the 10th century and is practiced by people of Polish ancestry around the world. It is considered the most ancient and beloved of Polish traditions.
In Poland and some parts ofCentral Europe, these Christmas wafers are dyed and used as ornaments.They are also sent as small trinkets with greeting cards to loved ones who are away from home.
TheChristmaswafer symbolizes the unity of the family,which many consider to be the main pillar of society. According to beliefs, the bond of unity should exist between family members. The father is seen as the link in the unbroken chain of One Body, One Bread, One Christ, and One Church, while other family members join him in this eternal procession.  The wafer also symbolizes forgiveness and reconciliation.
Before theKūčiosmeal starts, the families in Lithuania sharekalėdaitis, also known asplotkelė,paplotėlis,plokštainėlisorDievopyragaidepending on theregion of Lithuaniaa family is from. A plate with as many wafers as there are persons participating in the meal is placed in the center of the table. Each member of the family is given a piece of unleavened wafer.
The head of the family, typically the oldest person present however often father of the family, then takes a wafer and offers it to a family member wishing them a Happy Christmas. "God grant that we are all together again next year", they respond and break off a piece of wafer. The family member then offers the head of the family a piece of their wafer in return. The head of the family then offers their wafer to every family member or guest at the table.
After them, all the diners exchange greetings and morsels of wafer. Care is taken not to skip anyone for that means terrible misfortune or even death the following year. In breaking a piece of wafer, each tries to get a piece larger than that remaining in the other's hand for it means his year will be better. The person holding the wafer tries to prevent a large piece being taken for this will "break his luck".
When everyone has exchanged wafers, the family members take their pile of wafers before the head of the house. He then looks at the wafers in the family members' hands and reads a fortune from how they are assembled. After this has been completed, people return to their seats and the wafers are eaten.
The tradition traces its origins to the times ofearly Christianity(seeAntidoron) and is seen as a non-sacramental foreshadowing of theliturgical partakingof theHoly Eucharist(Host), unleavened bread consecrated into the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus Christ. As a Christmas custom the "opłatek" originated in Poland and was spread widely as far back as the 17th century. It was the part of theszlachta's (Polish nobility) culture and the custom had spread throughout thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealthand neighbouring countries. In the 19th century, in the aftermath of thepartitions of Poland, it gained patriotic subtext, as the common wish during sharing of "opłatek" became the wish for Poland's regaining its independence. Since that time, "opłatki" are often embossed with religious images. In the 20th century, "opłatek" custom went beyond families and gained another meaning: the meeting of present or past co-workers or students.