St. George and the Dragon (Carpaccio)

St. George and the Dragonis a tempera on canvas painting by the Italian Renaissance artistVittore Carpaccio. It is housed in theScuola di San Giorgio degli SchiavoniofVenice, northernItaly. This painting acts as a metaphor for the relationship between the Dalmatians and the Ottomans. It symbolizes the ambition to christianize foreign cultures, specifically Islamic cultures.
Vittore Carpaccio'sSaint George and the Dragonwas part of a painting cycle that was commissioned in 1502 by theScuola di San Giorgio degli Schiavoni. TheSchiavoni(meaning "Slavs" in the Venetian dialect and referred specifically to the Dalmatians from theDalmatiaregion of modern day Croatia) commissioned the Scuola deli Cycle during the time of theOttoman wars in Europe.They fought alongside Venetians  in defense against the Turkish invasion.Scholars have proposed that Carpaccio'sSaint George and the Dragonalluded to the hardships inflicted on the Dalmatians during these battles with the Ottomans.
TheSchiavoni Cycle, consists of nine paintings total, and honors various feast days and saints, including: Corpus Domini, Saint Tryphon, Saint Jerome, and Saint George.Saint George and the Dragonis the sixth painting in the cycle, and the first painting out of three that was dedicated to Saint George.The painting cycle is still housed today in its originally-intended location of the Scuola di San Giorgio degli Schivoni in Venice, Italy.
The painting was commissioned to tell the story of how Saint George liberated the fictionalized pagan city ofSilene, in Libya, from the deadly dragon.The scene of Saint George's lance piercing through the dragon's head symbolizes the victory of the Christian soldier defeating the infidel in this case Islam.This action lead to the conversion of the inhabitants of Silene.The thematic focus of the Christianization of infidels in the painting is further reinforced by the next painting in Carpaccio's cycle,The Triumph of St. George.InThe Triumph of St. George(not illustrated here), the dragon is depicted not as slaughtered, but rather as tamed despite being fatally wounded in the previous scene,Saint George and the Dragon.This draws a clear parallel between the European idea of the civilization of peoples deemed less advanced and the submission of the dragon.Due to his efforts, it was argued that St. George re-established social order to the Christian kingdom.
In particular, the painting ofSaint George and the Dragonshows St. George saving the princess of Silene who was going to be the dragon's next victim.As seen in the foreground of the painting, the dead bodies and appendages caused by the dragon were sacrificed citizens of Silene.
The three paintings of St. George convey a fairy tale element that may have been inspired by the medieval French romances traveling through Venice at the time.In the painting ofSt. George and the Dragon, St. George is portrayed as the classic trope of the knight who saves the princess.However, it should also be noted that this triumphant scene of St. George slaying a beast and rescuing maiden on horseback dates back prior to Christianity.Take, for example, the imagery of the Egyptian god Horus slaying the Egyptian symbol of chaos, a crocodile.
The foreground of the painting, which falls below the body of water seen in the painting, depicts St. George in shining, black armor on horseback with a lance piercing through the dragon's mouth and coming out through the back of its skull.St. George dominates the space in the right side of the painting. The arid terrain of a desert, with a few bunches of herbs, is covered with the remains of the dragon's victims: the scrawny stump of a woman, a half-devoured dress, a man with amputated limbs, a severed foot and arm, skulls and bones, both of animals and humans; this depiction of desolation and death is furthered supported by the inclusion of various lizards, snakes, and frogs scattered throughout the foreground.The only bright tones are those associated with George's metal armor, the horse's harness and the princess' dress. The princess, elevated from the ground by rocks in the right edge of the painting, serves as an antithesis to the gruesomeness of what lays on the floor beneath her.The crowned female figure, seen dressed in a red cloak to the right of St. George, has been described as a depiction of princess believed to be from theEmpire of Trebizond, one of three pieces of theByzantine Empire.
Just above the water on the left side of the painting, sits  the fictional city Seline just past a bridge that symbolically connects civilization to nature.The bridge's main gates are modeled after the design of theBab al-Futuhlocated in Cairo, Egypt.Carpaccio reinforces Egyptian character in the city with the addition of anobelisk, a monument style originating in Egypt.
The background ofSt. George and the Dragonincludes mountains blurred from distance and a dusky sky. There appears to be an increasing amount of vegetation as the distance from the foreground increases.A castle can be seen at the highest peak of the mountains. Another example of the incorporation of real architecture of this can be seen in the upper right hand corner of the painting. Atop the hill sits theCathedral of San Circiacoin Ancona, Italy.The hills, featuring castles and rocky spurs, slope down to a harbor where there are twogalleons, one being crowned by a natural rock arch.