Sin-ka-pho

Sin-ka-pho(新加坡), choân-chhengSin-ka-pho Kiōng-hô-kok(新加坡共和國,Má-lâi-gí:Republik Singapura,Eng-gí:Republic of Singapore), sīMá-lâi poàn-tólâm-hong ê tó-kok, thó͘-tē bīn-chek 647.5 km².
Sin-ka-pho ê jîn-kháu ū tāi-iok 400-bān lâng.Tn̂g-lângchiàm 76.9%,Má-lâi-lâng 14%,Ìn-tō͘-lâng 7.7%, ki-thaⁿ cho̍k-kûn chiàm 1.4%.
Chú-iàu ê chong-kàu ū:Hu̍t-kàu,Tō-kàu,Islam-kàu,Ki-tok-kàukahìn-tō͘-kàu.
Má-lâi-gísīkok-gí.Eng-gí,Hôa-gí(tong-tē chheng Tn̂g-lâng-ōe),Tamil-gílóng-sīkoaⁿ-hong gí-giân, kî-tiong Eng-gí iū-koh sī hêng-chèng iōng-gí, thong-iōng ê kang-chok gí-giân.
Hôa-jîn cho̍k-kûn ê thong-iōng gí-giân ū:Hôa-gí,Hok-kiàn-oē,Tiô-chiu-oē,Kńg-tang-ōekapKheh-ka-gísù tāi hong-giân.
Tû-liáu "Sin-ka-pho" í-goā, chit-ê só͘-chāi koh ū chin chē kî-tha ê miâ, chhan-chhiūⁿ "Sai-siâⁿ" (獅城) kapMá-lâi-gíê "Temasek";Ji̍t-púnchhàm-niá ê sî-chūn ia̍h bat kái chò "Syônantô" (昭南島). Í-chá ê hàn-jī siá-hoat pau-koa 星加坡, 新嘉坡, 新加坡 í-ki̍p 星嘉坡, 1965 nî to̍k-li̍p í-āu, hàn-jī it-lu̍t ēng 新加坡.
Sin-ka-pho le̍k-sú chin té-chiām, chá-kî chú-iàu sī Má-lâi-lâng tī chia tòa, tāi-iok tī-leh kong-gôan 13, 14 sè-kí hit-chūn,Tiong-kok-lâng to̍h í-keng lâi-kàu Sin-Má tē-khu.Bêng,Chhengsî-tāi êHok-kiàn-lâng, kā Sin-ka-pho kiò-chòe "Sit-la̍t" (gí-goân sī Má-lâi-gí êSelat) he̍k-chiá "Sit-la̍t-po͘" . Kong-gôan 1819 nî 1 ge̍h 29 hō, Eng-kokTang-ìn-tō͘ kong-siê sin-lôStamford Raffleslâi-kàu Sin-ka-pho, pēng-chhiáⁿ khai-sí kóan-ha̍t chit-tè thó͘-tē. Kong-gôan 1824 nî, Sin-ka-pho chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chòeEng-kokêsi̍t-bîn-tē.
Kong-gôan 1941 nî,Thài-pêng-iûⁿ chiàn-chengê sî-kî, Sin-ka-pho cho-siūJi̍t-pún-lâng thóng-tī 3 nî koh 6 go̍eh-ji̍t. Kàu-kah 1945 nî 8 ge̍h, Eng-kok chiah-koh chia̍p-kóan Sin-ka-pho. 1959 nî, Sin-ka-pho tit-tio̍hchū-tīê tē-ūi, liáu-āu, tī 1963, iū-koh kiat-ha̍p hit-tong-sî êMá-lâi Liân-pang,SarawakkahPak Borneo(iā-to̍h-sī chit-chūn ê "Sabah" ), kiōng-tông sêng-li̍pMá-lâi-se-a Liân-pang, thoat-lī Eng-kok ê thóng-tī. Kong-gôan 1965 nî 8 ge̍h 9 hō, Sin-ka-pho soan-pò͘ thè-chhutMá-lâi-se-a Liân-pang, chèng-sek chiâⁿ-chò 1-ê chú-kôan to̍k-li̍p ê kok-ka.
Chhú-khì 30-nî tiong-kan, Sin-ka-pho keng-chè tit-tio̍h hui-sok ê hoat-tián, chiâⁿ-chòeTang-lâm-atiōng-iàu êkim-iôngkah chóan-kháu bō͘-ek tiong-sim, sīA-chiu sì-sió-liôngchi-chi̍t.
Sin-ka-pho sīgī-hōe-chèê kok-ka, kok-ka ki-kò͘ si̍t-hêngsam-koân hun-li̍p,chóng-thóngsī ti̍t-chiap bîn-sóan sán-seng--ê, sī kok-ka êgôan-siú.Kok-hōegī-ôanmā-sī sóan-kú sán-seng. Ahchóng-lísī àn kok-hōe to-sò͘ tóng tang-tiong sán-seng, i léng-tō ê lōe-koh iong-iú hêng-chèng-kôan. Chóng-lí ē-tàng ùi gī-ôan tang-tiong sóan-chhut lōe-koh sêng-ôan.
Se-hong kok-kaphoe-phêng kóng, Sin-ka-phoJîn-bîn Hêng-tōng-tóngtn̂g-kî chiáng-khòng tio̍h Sin-ka-pho ê chèng-tī bú-tâi, kok-hōe sêng-ôan tōa-to-sò͘ lóng-sī chit-ê tóng ê lâng, ah chêng-āu 3-jīm êchóng-lí(Lí Kong-iāu,Gô͘ Chok-tòngkahLí Hián-liông) mā sî lâi-chū chit-ê tóng. Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú thé-chè kán-ná koh-khah chiap-kīnchoan-chè thóng-tī, iah hāmbîn-chú chèng-tīchin bô sio-siâng. Iah m̄-ko̍h hō͘ lâng kám-kak kiaⁿ-kî kah chheng-chàn ê sī, Sin-ka-pho chèng-hú kèng-jiân sī 1-ê ôan-chôan thàu-bêng, chheng-liâm iū-koh ko-hāu ê chèng-hú.
Kong-gôan 1965 nî liāu-āu, Sin-ka-pho ê keng-chè sìn-sok hoat-tián--khí-lâi, chiâⁿ-chòe sin-heng êhiān-tāi-hòakang-gia̍pkok-ka. Kang-gia̍p chú-iàu pau-koat kok-lāi siōng-tōa êliàn-iûtiong-sim,hòa-kang,chō-chûn,tiān-chúkahki-hâiténg . Tù-miâ êJū-lông kang-gia̍p-khu(Hàn-jī:裕廊, Eng-gí :Jurong Industrial Park) to̍h-sī tī Sin-ka-pho. Kok-chèbō͘-ekkahkim-iônggia̍p tī Sin-ka-pho keng-chè tang-tiong pān-ián tio̍h chin-chiàⁿ tiōng-iàu ê kak-sek. Bo̍k-chiân, Sin-ka-pho sī chôan-kiu tē-4-tōagōa-hōe chhī-tiûⁿ kau-ektiong-sim, kan-ta pâi-tīNiú-iok,Lûn-tunkahTang-kiaⁿê āu-piah. Sin-ka-phoūn-sugia̍p hui-siông hoat-ta̍t, chit-tè ū chôan-kiû siāng hôan-bâng, siāng lāu-jia̍t êkáng-kháukahki-tiûⁿ. Choè-kīn kúi nî, Sin-ka-pho toā-liōng tâu-chu, kè-oēseng-bu̍t kho-kiê sán-gia̍p hoat-tián. Jîn-bîn seng-oa̍h chúi-pêng chin-kôan,jîn-kin kok-bîn seng-sán chóng-ti̍tchhiau-kòe 3-bānBí-gôan, pâi-tī sè-kài thâu-kúi-miâ.Lú-iûgia̍p mā tī kok-ka chéng-kô ê keng-chè kiat-kò͘ tang-tiong chiàm-kū tiōng-iàu ê pí-tāng, lâi chia chhit-thô, lú-iû ê lâng-kheh chú-iàu lâi-chūJi̍t-pún,Tiong-kok,Au-BíkahTang-lâm-akî-thaⁿ kok-ka .