Robert IV of Sablé

Robert IV de Sablé(orde Sabloil; 1150 − 23 September 1193)was Lord ofSablé,the eleventhGrand Master of the Knights Templarfrom 1191 to 1192 and Lord ofCyprusfrom 1191 to 1192. He was known as the Grand Master of the Knights Templars and the Grand Master of the Holy and Valiant Order of Knights Templars.
Sablé was born to a respected military family inAnjouand was "a leading Angevin vassal of theKing".His lordship was based in a cluster of lands in theRiver Sarthevalley, which he inherited in the 1160s.He married Clemence de Mayenne (died before 1209).He was succeeded in Anjou by his daughterMarguerite de Sablé, who by marriage passed the entire estate toWilliam des Roches, also a knight of theThird Crusade. Robert died in the Holy Land on 23 September 1193. Although there are no exact records of his birth date, it is believed that he was relatively old at the time of his death compared to the average life expectancy of the 12th century.
In 1173, Sablé supportedHenry the Young King, heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of England and duchy of Normandy, in a revolt against his fatherHenry IIduring theRevolt of 1173-1174. The uprising was crushed, but Robert is believed to have remained in favour with the Angevin Kings, asRichard Iwould later be instrumental in his appointment as Grand Master.He contributed money to French monastic houses in 1190 as a way of making amends.
According to theItinerarium Regis Ricardi,Robert was one of the chosen leaders of the Crusading Fleet of Richard I that departed fromDartmouthin the spring of 1190. The fleet scattered in the sea of Bisquay a result of a storm and arrived at different times to the Portuguese port ofLisbon. One of these groups was involved in helping the Portuguese monarchSancho Irepel anAlmohad attack against the city of Santarem, while another went on a rampage against the local Jews and Muslims in the Christian controlled city of Lisbon. Robert arrived as the Portuguese monarch captured the misbehaved crusaders and was forced to swear an oath to control his forces while in Portuguese territory.
Despite only having a short tenure, Sablé's reign was filled with successful campaigning. Before his election as Grand Master, he led King Richard I's navy from England and Normandy to the Mediterranean, getting involved in theReconquistain the passage. The combined might of Richard the Lionheart's strategy, seasoned troops, and the elite Templar knights scored many victories. During theThird Crusade, they laid siege to the city ofAcre, which soon fell. Throughout August 1191, they also recaptured manyfortressesand cities along theLevantinecoast in the Eastern Mediterranean, which had been lost previously.
The new coalition's biggest success was theBattle of Arsuf, on 7 September 1191.Saladin's Muslim forces appeared to have become far stronger than the Christians, and a decisive victory was desperately needed. Pooling all of the crusaders' strength, theKnights Hospitallerjoined the ranks, plus many knights from Sablé's native Anjou,Maine, andBrittany. They met Saladin's troops on the dry plains and soon broke his ranks. Those who stayed to fight were killed, and the remaining Islamic troops were forced to retreat.
At the end of 1191, Richard the Lionheart agreed to sellCyprusto the Templars for 25,000 pieces of silver. Richard had plundered the island from theByzantineforces of the tyrantIsaac Comnenus of Cyprussome months earlier and had no real use for it. TheHospitallerswould later establish solid bases on the islands ofRhodesandMalta, but Sablé failed to do the same with the island of Cyprus. He was lord for two years, until he gave (or sold) the island toGuy de Lusignan,King of Jerusalem, as he was without a kingdom.
Sablé did manage to establish a Chieftain House of the Order inSaint-Jean d'Acre, which remained for almost a century.
At the time ofGerard de Ridefort's death, Sablé was not even a member of the Templar Order. However, the senior knights had become increasingly opposed to Masters fighting on the front line, and the capture and beheading of Grand Master Gerard de Ridefort became the final straw. They delayed elections for over a year so that the rules regarding active service of Grand Masters could be reviewed. During this hiatus, Sablé did join the order, just in time to be considered for election. When he was made Grand Master, he had been a Templar knight for less than a year. He died in 1193.
Robert de Sablé is the secondary antagonist in the 2007 video gameAssassin's Creed. He is the leader of theKnights Templarwho are the main antagonists and are depicted as acting behind the scene on both sides of the holy war, to further their own ideological goals and to obtain the Piece of Eden.Al Mualim, the leader of theAssassins(and the game's main antagonist) ordersAltaïrto kill Robert after eliminating his eight conspirators, which is depicted as taking place in 1191 at the Battle of Arsuf.Maria Thorpe, his stewardess, later became Altaïr's wife.