Viennese coffee house culture

TheViennese coffee house(German:das WienerKaffeehaus,Bavarian:as Weana Kafeehaus) is a typical institution ofViennathat played an important part in shaping Viennese culture.
Since October 2011 the "Viennese Coffee House Culture" is listed as an "Intangible Cultural Heritage" in the Austrian inventory of the "National Agency for the Intangible Cultural Heritage", a part ofUNESCO. The Viennese coffee house is described in this inventory as a place, "where time and space are consumed, but only the coffee is found on the bill."
The social practices, rituals, and elegance create the very specific atmosphere of the Viennese café.Coffee houses entice with a wide variety of coffee drinks, international newspapers, and pastry creations. Typical for Viennese coffee houses are marble tabletops,Thonetchairs, newspaper tables and interior design details in the style ofhistoricism.
The Austrian writerStefan Zweigdescribed the Viennese coffee house as an institution of a special kind, "actually a sort of democratic club, open to everyone for the price of a cheap cup of coffee, where every guest can sit for hours with this little offering, to talk, write, play cards, receive post, and above all consume an unlimited number of newspapers and journals."Zweig in fact attributed a good measure of Vienna's cosmopolitan air to the rich daily diet of current and international information offered in the coffee houses.
In many classic cafés (for exampleCafé Centraland Café Prückel) piano music is played in the evening and social events like literary readings are held. In warmer months, customers can often sit outside in aSchanigarten. Almost all coffee houses provide small food dishes like sausages as well as desserts, cakes and tarts, likeApfelstrudel,Millirahmstrudel,PunschkrapfenandLinzer torte.
Unlike some other café traditions around the world, it is completely normal for a customer to linger alone for hours and study the omnipresent newspaper. Along with coffee, the waiter will serve an obligatory glass of cold tap water and during a long stay will often bring additional water unrequested, with the idea to serve the guest with an exemplary sense of attention.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, leading writers of the time became attached to the atmosphere of Viennese cafés and were frequently seen to meet, exchange and to even write there. Literature composed in cafés is commonly referred to as coffee house literature, the writers thereof as coffee house poets. The famous journalDie Fackel("The Torch") byKarl Krausis said to have been written in cafés to a large extent. Other coffee house poets includeArthur Schnitzler,Alfred Polgar,Friedrich Torberg, andEgon Erwin Kisch. Famous writer and poetPeter Altenbergeven had his mail delivered to his favorite café, theCafé Central.
InPrague,Budapest,Sarajevo,Krakow,TriesteandLvivand other cities of theAustro-Hungarian empirethere were also many coffee houses according to the Viennese model. The Viennese coffee house culture then spread throughoutCentral Europeand created a special multicultural climate. Because here writers, artists, musicians, intellectuals, bon vivants and their financiers met. TheHabsburgcoffeehouses were then largely deprived of their cultural base by the Holocaust and the expulsions of National Socialism and the economic prerequisites by communism.
This special atmosphere was only able to persist in Vienna and in a few other places. In particular inTrieste, which has been "forgotten" for a long time since 1918 and the many upheavals, there are still many of the former Viennese coffee houses (Caffè Tommaseo, Caffè San Marco, Caffè degli Specchi, Caffè Tergesteo, Caffè Stella Polare) in which the former lifestyle has been preserved by the locals.
Legend has it that soldiers of the Polish-Habsburg army, while liberating Vienna from thesecond Turkish siegein 1683, found a number of sacks with strange beans that they initially thought were camel feed and wanted to burn. The Polish kingJan III Sobieskigranted the sacks to one of his officers namedJerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, who, according to Catholic priest Gottfried Uhlich in 1783 in hisHistory of the second Turkish Siege, was assumed to have started the first coffee house, theHof zur Blauen Flasche.
According to the legend, after some experimentation, Kulczycki added some sugar and milk, and the Viennese coffee tradition was born. This achievement has been recognized in many modern Viennese coffeehouses by hanging a picture of Kulczycki in the window.Another account is that Kulczycki, having spent two years in Ottoman captivity, knew perfectly well what coffee really was and tricked his superiors into granting him the beans that were considered worthless.
However, according to recent research, Vienna's first coffee house was actually opened by anArmenianbusinessman namedJohannes Theodat[de](aka Johannes Diodato or Deodat and Owanes Astouatzatur) in 1685.15 years later, four Greek-owned coffeehouses had the privilege to serve coffee.
The new drink was well received, and coffee houses began to pop up rapidly. In the early period, the various drinks had no names, and customers would select the mixtures from a colour-shaded chart.
The heyday of the coffee house was the turn of the nineteenth century when writers likePeter Altenberg,Alfred Polgar,Egon Friedell,Karl Kraus,Hermann BrochandFriedrich Torbergmade them their preferred place of work and pleasure. Many famous artists, scientists, and politicians of the period such asArthur Schnitzler,Stefan Zweig,Egon Schiele,Gustav Klimt,Adolf Loos,Theodor Herzl, andAlfred Adler.Joseph Stalin,Adolf Hitler,Leon TrotskyandJosip Broz Titowere all living in Vienna in 1913, and they were constant coffee house patrons.
In the 1950s, the period of "coffee house death" began, as many famous Viennese coffee houses had to close. This was due to the popularity of television and the appearance of modern espresso bars.Nevertheless, many of these classic Viennese coffee houses still exist. A renewed interest in their tradition and tourism have prompted a comeback. Some relatively modern Viennese coffee houses have emerged in North America, such as Julius Meinl Chicago and Kaffeehaus de Châtillon in the greater Seattle area and Cafe Sabarsky in Manhattan. In Jerusalem there is a Viennese coffee house in theAustrian Hospice.
Media related toCafés in Viennaat Wikimedia Commons