Jean Shepherd

Jean Parker"Shep"Shepherd Jr.(July 26,1921 – October 16, 1999)was an Americanstoryteller,humorist, radio and TV personality, writer, and actor. With a career that spanned decades, Shepherd is known for the filmA Christmas Story(1983), which henarratedand co-scriptedon the basis of his own semi-autobiographical stories.
Shepherd was born in 1921, to Jean Parker Shepherd and Anna, on theSouth Side of Chicago. He briefly lived inEast Chicago, Indiana, but was raised inHammond, Indiana, where he graduated fromHammond High School, in 1939.
A Christmas Storyis loosely based on his days growing up in Hammond's southeast neighborhood ofHessville. As a youth, he worked briefly as a mail carrier in a steel mill and earned hisamateur radiolicense (W9QWN) at age 16, sometimes claiming he was even younger. He sporadically attendedIndiana University, but never graduated. DuringWorld War II, he served stateside in theU.S. ArmySignal Corps.Shepherd then had an extensive career in a variety of media.
After his military service, Shepherd began his broadcast radio career in early 1945, onWJOBin Hammond, Indiana, later working atWTODin Toledo, Ohio, in 1946.He began working in Cincinnati, Ohio, in January 1947 atWSAI,later also working at Cincinnati stationsWCKYandWKRCthe following year, before returning to WSAI in 1949.From 1951 to 1953, he had a late-night broadcast onKYWinPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania,after which he returned to Cincinnati for several different shows onWLW.After a stint on television there, he returned to radio."Shep", as he was known, settled in atWORradio New York City on February 26, 1955, where he would remain until spring 1977.Beginning on an overnight slot in 1956, he delighted his fansby telling stories, reading poetry (especially the works ofRobert W. Service), and organizing comedic listener stunts.
The most famousstunt was a hoax he created about a nonexistent book,I, Libertine, by a fake author "Frederick R. Ewing", in 1956. During a discussion on how easy it was to manipulate the best-seller lists based on demand, as well as sales, Shepherd suggested that his listeners visit bookstores and ask for a copy ofI, Libertine, which led to booksellers attempting to order the book from their distributors.Fans of the show planted references to the book and author so widely that demand for the book led to claims of it being onThe New York TimesBest Seller list.Filling the demand,Theodore SturgeonandBetty Ballantinewrote the long-awaited book to Shepherd's outline, with a cover designed by illustratorFrank Kelly Freas, published byBallantine Books.
When he was about to be released by WOR in 1956 for lack of sponsors, he did a commercial for Sweetheart Soap, not a sponsor, and was immediately fired. His listeners besieged WOR with complaints, and when Sweetheart offered to sponsor him, he was reinstated.Eventually, he attracted more sponsors than he wanted – the commercials interrupted the flow of his monologues. Former WOR engineer, Frank Cernese, adds, "The commercials of that era were on 'ETs' – phonograph records about 14" in diameter. Three large turntables were available to play them in sequence. Shepherd preferred the engineer to watch and listen to his stories. That left little time to load the turntables and cue the appropriate cuts. That was when he started complaining about "too many commercials".
His last WOR broadcast was on April 1, 1977.His subsequent radio work consisted of short segments on several other stations, including crosstownWCBS,and occasional commentaries onNPR'sAll Things Considered.His final radio gig was the Sunday-night radio showShepherd's PieonWBAIin the mid-1990s, which had him reading his stories uncut, uninterrupted, and unabridged. The show was one of WBAI's most popular of the period.
In addition to his stories, his shows also contained humorous anecdotes and commentaries about the human condition, observations about New York City life, accounts of vacations inMaine, and travels throughout the world. One striking program recounted his participation in theMarch on Washingtonin August 1963, during whichMartin Luther King Jr.gave his "I Have a Dream" speech, and another program that aired on November 25, 1963, covered the burial of assassinated PresidentJohn F. Kennedy.
Throughout his radio career, he performed without scripts. His friend and WOR colleagueBarry Farbermarveled at how he could talk so long with so few notes. During a radio interview, Shepherd claimed that some shows took weeks to prepare, but this may have been in the planning rather than the writing of a script. On most of his Fourth of July broadcasts, he did read one of his most enduring and popular short stories, "Ludlow Kissel and the Dago Bomb that Struck Back", about a neighborhood drunk and his disastrous fireworks escapades. In the 1960s and 1970s, his WOR show ran from 11:15 pm to midnight, later changed to 10:15 pm to 11 pm, so his "Ludlow Kissel" reading was synchronized to manyNew Jerseyand New York local townfireworksdisplays, which would typically reach their climax at 10 pm. It was possible, on one of those July 4 nights, to park one's car on a hilltop and watch several differentpyrotechnicdisplays, accompanied by Shepherd's storytelling.
Shepherd wrote a series of humorous short stories about growing up in northwest Indiana and its steel towns, many of which were first told by him on his programs and then published inPlayboy. The stories were later assembled into books titledIn God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash,Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories: And Other Disasters,The Ferrari in the Bedroom, andA Fistful of Fig Newtons. Some of those situations were incorporated into his movies and television fictional stories. He also wrote a column for the earlyVillage Voice, a column forCar and Driver, numerous individual articles for diverse publications, includingMad Magazine("The Night People vs. Creeping Meatballism", March/April 1957), and introductions for books such asThe America of George Ade,American Snapshots, and the 1970 reprint of the 1929Johnson Smith Catalogue.
When Eugene B. Bergmann'sExcelsior, You Fathead! The Art and Enigma of Jean Shepherdwas published in 2005,Publishers Weeklyreviewed:
Shep's Army: Bummers, Blisters, and Boondoggles, almost three dozen of Jean Shepherd's radio stories about the army, transcribed, edited, and introduced by Eugene B. Bergmann, is a book of stories by Shepherd. (Opus Books, August 2013)
Early in his career, Shepherd had a television program onWLWTin Cincinnati calledRear Bumper.He claimed that he was recommended to replace the resigningSteve Allenon NBC'sTonight Show. Shepherd was reportedly brought to New York City byNBCexecutives to prepare for the position, but they were contractually bound to first offer it toJack Paar. The network was certain Paar would hold out for a role in prime time, but he accepted the late-night assignment. However, he did not assume the position permanently until Shepherd andErnie Kovacshad co-hosted the show.
In late 1960 and early 1961, he did a weekly television show,Inside Jean Shepherd, onWOR-TV(channel 9) in New York, but it did not last long.Between 1971 and 1994, Shepherd became a screenwriter of note, writing and producing numerous works for both television and cinema, all based on his originally spoken and written stories. He was the writer and narrator of the showJean Shepherd's America, produced by BostonPublic TelevisionstationWGBHforPBS, in which he  visited various American locales, and interviewed local people of interest. He used a somewhat similar format for theNew Jersey NetworkTV showShepherd's Pie.
He wrote and narrated many works, the most famous being the 1983MGMfeature filmA Christmas Story, filmed atA Christmas Story House, which is now considered a holiday classic. Shepherd narrates the film as the adult Ralph Parker, and also has acameo roleplaying a man in line at thedepartment storewaiting forSanta Claus.
PBSaired several television movies based on Shepherd stories, also featuring the Parker family. These includedThe Phantom of the Open Hearth(1976), which aired as part of the anthology seriesVisions;The Great American Fourth of July and Other Disasters(1982) andThe Star-Crossed Romance of Josephine Cosnowski(1985), both as part of the anthology seriesAmerican Playhouse; andOllie Hopnoodle's Haven of Bliss(1988), a co-production withThe Disney Channel.  All were narrated by Shepherd, but otherwise featured different casts.
Once Shepherd noticed the amount of money he was making from reruns ofA Christmas Story(which was slowly becoming a television tradition), he abandoned television; in 1994,A Christmas StorydirectorBob Clarkand he returned to the same working-class Cleveland street neighborhood to film a sequel,It Runs in the Family(later known asMy Summer Story), released by MGM in 1994 and (because the 11-year span between films caused almost all the actors to age out of their roles) featuring an almost entirely different cast from the previous film.
On Saturday nights for several years, Shepherd broadcast his WOR radio program live from the Limelight Café in New York City'sGreenwich Village, and he also performed at many colleges nationwide. His live shows were a perennial favoriteatRutgersto wildly enthusiastic standing-room-only crowds, andFairleigh DickinsonUniversities (he often referred to the latter as "Fairly Ridiculous University" on his WOR show).  He performed atPrinceton Universityfor over 30 years, beginning in 1956 until 1996, three years before his death. 
He performed before sold-out audiences atCarnegie Halland Town Hall.
He was also emcee for several important jazz concerts in the late 1950s. Shepherd's first known recording, the 1955Abbott RecordsalbumJean Shepherd... Into the Unknown with Jazz Music, featured his short comments interspersed with jazz pieces composed byMitch Leighand Art Harris. Shepherdimprovisedspoken-word narration for the title track onjazzmusicianCharles Mingus's 1957 albumThe Clown. Mingus was a fan of Shepherd's radio show and outlined a concept for Shepherd but encouraged him to elaborate and improvise.
Eight record albums of live and studio performances of Shepherd's were released between 1955 and 1975. In 1993, Shepherd recorded the opening narration and the voice of theAudio-Animatronics"Father" character for the updatedCarousel of Progressattraction atWalt Disney WorldMagic Kingdom.
On some of his broadcasts, he played parts of recordings of such novelty songs as "The Bear Missed the Train" (aparodyof theYiddishballad"Bei Mir Bist Du Schoen") and "The Sheik of Araby". Sometimes, Shepherd would accompany the recordings by playing theJew's harp,nose flute, orkazoo, and occasionally even by thumping his knuckles on his head.
The theme song of his show was "Bahn Frei!" byEduard Strauss. The particular version Shepherd used was a recording byArthur Fiedlerand theBoston Pops, with arrangement by Peter Bodge, released in April 1946 by RCA Victor-Red Seal. This arrangement recast the 19th-century polka from one relating to travel by train to a fast-tempo piece directed to horses and a race track, principally achieved by opening with a well-known bugle call named "Call to the Post".
When discussing his personal life, Shepherd was evasive to the point of being intentionally misleading about the actual details.To what extent Shepherd's radio and published stories were fact, fiction, or a combination of the two is unknown. The childhood friends included in many of his stories were people he claimed to have invented, yet high-school yearbooks and numerous other sources confirm that many of them, including school buddies "Flick" and "Schwartz", did indeed exist.His father was a cashier at theBorden Milk Company; Shepherd always referred to him as "the old man".  During an interview on theLong John NebelShow– an all-night radio program that ran onWORstarting at midnight – Shepherd once claimed that his real father was a cartoonist along the lines ofHerblock, and that he inherited his skills at line drawings. This may well have not been true, but Shepherd's ink drawings do adorn some of his published writings, and a number of previously unknown ones were sold oneBayfrom the collection of his former wife Lois Nettleton after her death in 2008.
The 1930 Federal Census Record forHammond, Indiana, indicates that Jean's father did work for a dairy company; his occupation reads "cashier". The 1930 census record lists these family members: Jean Shepherd, age 30, head; Anna Shepherd, age 30, wife; Jean Shepherd Jr, age 8, son; and Randall Shepherd, age 6, son. According to this record, Jean Sr., Anna, Jean Jr., and Randall were all born in Illinois, and Jean Sr.'s parents (Emmett and Flora) were born in Kansas. However, all other decennial federal and state census records, as well as other official documents such as death certificates, indicate that Emmett and Flora were born in Indiana. Anna's parents, August and Katherine, were born in Germany.
Shepherd lived in several New York City locations during his WOR days and for a time inNew Milford, New Jersey,and inWashington Township, Warren County, New Jersey.
Shepherd was married four times. He was briefly married in 1947 to Barbara Mattoon in Hammond.Shepherd had two children, a son Randall and daughter Adrian, with his second wife, Laverne Warner. (He publicly denied this, including in his last will and testament, executed some five months prior to his death.)Randall has said that Shepherd left his mother shortly before they divorced in 1957;he had almost no contact with his father after his parents' divorce.Shepherd's third wife was actressLois Nettleton.  In 1984, he moved toSanibel Island, Florida, with his fourth wife, Leigh Brown.
Shepherd died in a hospital in Fort Myers, Florida, in 1999, ofnatural causes.
Shepherd'soralnarrativestyle was aprecursorto that used bySpalding GrayandGarrison Keillor.Marshall McLuhaninUnderstanding Mediawrote that Shepherd "regards radio as a new medium for a new kind of novel that he writes nightly."In theSeinfeldseason-sixDVD set, commenting on the episode titled "The Gymnast",Jerry Seinfeldsaid, "He really formed my entire comedic sensibility – I learned how to do comedy from Jean Shepherd."Seinfeld was interviewed at a tribute to Shepherd held at thePaley Center for Mediaon January 23, 2012, confirming the importance of Shepherd on his career and discussing how he and Shepherd had similar ways of humorously discussing minor incidents in life.The first name of Seinfeld's third child is "Shepherd."
Shepherd's life and multimedia career are examined in the 2005 bookExcelsior, You Fathead! The Art and Enigma of Jean Shepherdby Eugene B. Bergmann.
Shepherd's 7-step approach to "compassionate humor" in storytelling is described in the appendix to the 2024 bookYou'll Shoot Your Eye Out! Life Lessons from the Movie A Christmas Story, by writer and communication professor Quentin Schultze, who taught with Shepherd.
Shepherd was an influence onBill Griffith'sZippycomic strip, as Griffith noted in his strip for January 9, 2000. Griffith explained, "The inspiration – just plucking random memories from my childhood, as I'm wont to do in my Sunday strip (also a way to expand beyond Zippy) – and Shep was a big part of them".
In an interview withNew Yorkmagazine,Steely Dan'sDonald Fagensays that the eponymous figure from his solo albumThe Nightflywas based on Jean Shepherd. Fagen devoted a chapter of his autobiography,Eminent Hipsters, to Shepherd.
Though he primarily spent his radio career playing music, New York Top-40 DJDan Ingramhas acknowledged Shepherd's style as an influence.
An article Shepherd wrote for the March–April 1957 issue ofMAD, "The Night People vs Creeping Meatballism", described the differences between what he considered to be "day people" (conformists) and "night people" (nonconformists). The opening credits ofJohn Cassavetes' 1959 filmShadowsinclude "Presented by Jean Shepherd's Night People".
In 2005, Shepherd was posthumously inducted into theNational Radio Hall of Fame, and in November 2013, he was posthumously inducted into the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame.