Pepper pot soup

Pepper Potis a thickstewof beeftripe, vegetables, pepper and other seasonings. The soup was first made in West Africa and the Caribbean before being brought to North America through slave trade and made into a distinctively Philadelphian dish by colonial Black women during the nineteenth century.
It was one of the first street foods in the United States, sold by so-called "Pepper Pot women", and was at one point the symbolic food of the city ofPhiladelphia, much like thecheesesteakis today.
Pepper Pot shares the same name as soups in the Caribbean but is credited specifically to Black Philadelphians.
According to Catherine Clinton, "steaming peppery pot was served right on the street---a dish of vegetables, meat, andcassava, imported by West Indians".Historians suggest that the soup's origin can be traced from the West Indies to the Atlantic Coast of North America, following the path of slave trade.
There are many versions and variations of Peppery Pot stew, though many include dumplings. The traditional version associated with Philadelphia specifically do have some ingredients in common: "a variety of peppers, spices, root vegetables, beef tripe, herbs, and leafy greens."These ingredients came specifically from the Africans and Caribbeans living in the city at the time of its origin. Some chefs say that it's very similar togumbo, but does not have okra. According toJessica B. Harris, a renowned scholar on Black diasporic cuisines, they might share similarities because they "likely share the same food "ancestors,” likeSenegalesesoupe kandia andBeninesesauce feuille."
William Woys Weaver, a historian of Philadelphia-area food, has noted that versions of the dish in the city can be traced as far back as the 1600s. Back then the ingredient list looked a little different: "Black women would make stock, then cook turtles, fish, veal, collards,cassava, plantains, and spices together, often served with West Africanfufuor moussa dumplings."
The stew was known specifically for being sold on the street and "Pepper pot women" were among the Philadelphia's earliest street vendors, using 'street cries' to grab customers' attention.In a children's book from 1810 titledThe Cries of Philadelphia, the scene is described in detail:
Even as the ingredients evolved over time, historians say that the inclusion ofbeef tripeis what makes the stew distinctively Philadelphia Pepper Pot.Other historians also say that a spicycapsicumpepper is another requirement; bell peppers would not have been used.
The origins of the stew are steeped in legend, with one story attributing the dish toChristopher Ludwick, baker general of theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War.According to this story, during the harsh winter of 1777–1778, farmers nearValley Forgesold food to the British rather than accepting the weakcontinental currency. The Continental Army survived on soup made of tripe, vegetables, and whatever else they could find.The story has been found to be almost certainly untrue, though it helped make the soup a symbol of the city.
In Philadelphia, legend made Pepper Pot soup popular and easy to find around the city. It was sold as street food and intavernsbecause it was known as the stew which keptGeorge Washington's troops alive during that cold winter. Its popularity meant that it became the symbolic food of the city, "It was a dish to try if you were an out-of-towner. It was a hangover cure. Diners treated the soup sort of how we treatcheesesteaksthese days."
Once a popular staple of the city, Philadelphia Pepper Pot soup disappeared and became a rarity. A canned condensed Pepper Pot soup was available from theCampbell Soup Companyfor more than a century, from 1899 until it was discontinued in 2010.A Campbell's representative gave "changing consumer tastes" as the reason for its demise.
A lasting record of Pepper Pot's not-so-distant popularity is one ofAndy Warhol's iconicCampbell Soup's works. Created by Warhol in 1962, it features the Pepper Pot variety and sold in 2006 for $12 million. In 1968, the Philadelphia chapter of thePublic Relations Society of Americachose the Pepper Pot as the symbol for its annual awards.
By the 1990s, however, Pepper Pot was already losing popularity in restaurants and residential kitchens. The Campbell's soup was described as the canned version of "a street food that has retreated to the factory production line."
Although it is difficult to find restaurants serving Philadelphia Pepper Pot soup today, there are cooks in the United States who are working to restore its popularity. Noted Philadelphia chefOmar Tate, who focuses on Black heritage cooking, added Pepper Pot to his restaurant's menu. He has noted the difficulty of bringing back a dish when there are so few people to ask if it tastes as they remember it.
"Pepperpot" not only describes a stew, but according to a book from 1992, it is also a dialect synonym for hodgepodge or topsy-turvy in the Middle Atlantic states.