Substantial meal

Asubstantial mealortable mealis a legalterm of artregarding the application ofalcohol licensing laws inEngland and Wales. The purported definition of "substantial meal" generated significant press discussion during the 2020COVID-19 pandemicin spite of the fact that the English COVID-19 regulations made no use of the expression, instead referring to "main meal" and later to "table meal".
InSoloman v Green(1955), theHigh Courtheld that sandwiches and sausages on sticks amounted to a meal under English and Welsh law.TheLicensing Act 1964defined "table service" as "a meal eaten by a person seated at a table, or at a counter or other structure that serves the purpose of a table and is not used for the service of refreshments for consumption by persons not seated at a table or structure serving the purpose of a table".
InTimmis v Millman(1965), where Millman and Yarnold had been consuminglight aleandstoutoutside of permitted hours (but within the supper hour extension of the time), the High Court found the sandwiches the pair were eating constituted a "table meal" as they "were so substantial, and assisted by the pickles and beetroot so as to justify that it was a table meal and not a mere snack from the bar".TheLicensing Act 2003contains a clause which permits 16- or 17-year-olds to consume beer, wine or cider with a table meal if they are accompanied by an adult.
The terms "table meals", "substantial meals", "plated meals" and "substantial food" are considered analogous terms in a sample of 319 "statements of licensing policy" issued by local authorities (a document which details how they approach licensing applications in their area). Of the sampled documents, 95 made reference to one of these terms and a further 13 to alcohol being "ancillary to food" or a meal.
The terms have been criticised as subjective, and their application has been seen as being affected bysnobbery. Research has shown that questions of "class and calibre" form part of the interpretation and enforcement of licensing conditions.For example, "high-endcrisps" served in "substantial portions accompanied with various elaborate dips" were considered a substantial meal in a 2017Westminster City Councilhearing, with the council congratulating the owner on "[creating] a 'non-Walkers' crisp offer and the desire to celebrate the great British potato at its peak and most hip".
During the October–November 2020first COVID-19 tier regulations in England,pubsandrestaurantsin tier 3 areas were permitted to servealcoholic drinksonly with a "main meal". This was defined as being a meal at least equivalent to the main course of a main midday or evening meal.Summarising the effect of the regulations,Health SecretaryMatt Hancocktold Parliament that "pubs and bars must close unless operating as restaurants".
After thesecond lockdown,the all-tier regulationsthat came into force in December 2020 re-introduced a similar restriction but replaced the wording "main meal" with "table meal", that being defined as a meal at least equivalent to breakfast or the main course of a midday or evening meal.
Although in neither case did the legal regulations use the term "substantial meal", the government's COVID-19 Winter Plan stated "In tier 2, pubs and bars must close unless they are serving substantial meals (like a full breakfast, main lunchtime or evening meal), along with accompanying drinks."This restriction was reported to have had a significant impact on pubs that were led by alcohol sales ('wet-led' pubs).
In spite of the fact that the regulations made no use of the term, the press showed substantial interest in the definition of "substantial meal". InManchester, 22-inch slices ofpizzawere argued to have been substantial after police initially shut down one bar for serving them alongside alcohol.Although ministers had no legal authority to define a "substantial meal", definitions offered by various politicians included one "you would expect to have as a midday meal or an evening meal", disregardingsnackssuch ascrispsandchips; but not aCornish pastyon its own, the PM's spokesman insisting that "bar snacks do not count".
Newspapers published articles on whether ascotch eggconstituted a substantial meal.On 30 November 2020, the Environment and Food SecretaryGeorge Eusticestated that they "probably would count".According toCabinet Office MinisterMichael Gove,scotch eggs could not serve as substantial meal, but the Health SecretaryMatt Hancocksaid: "A scotch egg that is served as a substantial meal, that is a substantial meal."
In March 2021, theHigh Courtgrantedjudicial reviewof the  "substantial meal" [sic] aspect of the regulations on the basis that it was arguably discriminatory towards people of non-White orBAMEbackgrounds who disproportionally relied on wet-led pubs and who could not afford substantial meals out. The case did not ultimately proceed to trial after the regulations were revoked.
In Ireland, on 29 June 2020, restaurants and cafés providing on-premises food and drink could re-open subject to social distancing measures and strict cleaning requirements. Bars and pubs offeringtable serviceonly were permitted to re-open provided that customers bought a "substantial" meal costing at least €9.