Annona squamosae

Àdàkọ:EngvarB
Annona squamosajẹ́ igi kékeré tó ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀ka láti ara ẹ̀yàAnnonaceaetó ń so èso tó ṣe é jẹ tí wọ́n ń pè nísugar applestàbísweetsops. Ó ní ìfẹ́ sí tropical lowland climate ju àwọn ìyókù rẹ̀Annona reticulataàtiAnnona cherimola(èyí tí èso wọn sábà máa ń ní orúkọ kan náà) èyí tó ṣe ìrànlọ́wọ́ tó sì sọ ọ́ di èso tí wọ́n ń gbìn jù láàárín àwọn ẹ̀yà yìí. IgiAnnona squamosajẹ́ igi kékeré pẹ̀lú ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ẹ̀ka tàbí igi kékeré pẹ̀lú ìwọ̀n mítà mẹ́ta sí mẹ́jọ (ìwọ̀n ẹsẹ̀ bàtà mẹ́wàá sí merindinlogbon) pẹ̀lú ìjọra sísoursop(Annona muricata). Ó jẹ́ ipa ọ̀nà òòrùn ojú ọjọ́ ìbílẹ̀ ní àwọn agbègbè America àti West Indies, àwọn olókòwò Spanish sì kó Manilla galleons ní Phillipines wá sí àgbègbè Asia.
Èso náà jẹ́ èyí tó ní ìrísí ródóródó, ó ní ìwọ̀n centimetre márùn-ún sí mẹ́wàá (ìwọ̀n méjì sí márùn-ún) ó sì gún ní ìwọ̀n centimetre mẹ́fà sí mẹ́wàá, ìwọ̀n bí ó ṣe wúwo sí jẹ́ ọgọ́rùn-ún sí òjìlénígba gíràmù. Àwọ̀ rẹ̀ dà bí àwọ̀ ewé pẹ̀lú àwọn àwọ̀ lóríṣiríṣi, èyí tó sì ní òdòdó. Ó dá yàtọ̀ láàárín àwọn èsoAnnonanígbà tí a bá ṣe àtúnpín ẹ̀; àwọn ìpín yìí ń ṣe Ìyàtọ̀ pípọ́n àti bí ó ṣe ń ṣàfihàn inú rẹ̀.
Awọ ara rẹ̀ rọ̀ ó sì dùn, funfun bí ìpara nípa àwọ̀ yẹ́lò tí kò jiná, tí ó sì dà bí custard lẹ́nu. Àwọn èso rẹ̀ wà nínú awọ, a rí i pé ó gùn tó ìwọ̀n mẹ́tàlá sí mẹ́rìndínlógún, èso tó dá dúró tí a ṣètò sí inú akọ̀ kan yípo ohun tó ṣe rodorodo. Ó rọ̀, kò kúnná tán, ó sì ń yọ̀. Irúgbìn líle tó ń dán náà máa ń tó ogún sí ogójì tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ nínú èso kan tí ó sì máa ń ní àwọ̀ dúdú tàbí jíjóná, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ọ̀pọ̀ ti wà tó fẹ́rẹ̀ lè jẹ́ pé wọn ò ní irúgbìn. A lè lọ irúgbìn náà láti ṣe ogún tó ń pa kòkòrò. Gbòǹgbò rẹ̀ kọjá nínú ọ̀gangan inú èso náà èyí tó so ó pọ̀ mọ́ ìta. Awọ ara rẹ̀ sì dá bí Reuleaux Triangle tí ó ní àwọ̀ ewé tí kò sì dán lọ́wọ́. Nítorí awọ fẹ́lẹ́fẹ́lẹ́ tó ní àti bí sugar apple in náà ṣe rí, kò ṣe é mú gírígírí tó bá pọ́n tán.
Àwọn oríṣi mìíràn ni ó ti jẹyọ ní agbègbè Taiwan àti Hong Kong. Èso "atemoya tàbí pineapple sugar-apple", àtọwọ́dá láàárín sugar-apple àticherimoya, jẹ́ gbajúgbajà ní agbègbè Taiwan, bí ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ìlú United States ni wọ́n ti kọ́kọ́ gbé e jáde ní ọdún 1908. Dídùn àwọn èso náà jọra pẹ̀lú sugar-apple, ṣùgbọ́n bí wọ́n ṣe rí lẹ́nu yàtọ̀ gédéńgbé. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí orúkọ rẹ̀ ti ṣe sọ, ó máa ń dùn bí pineapple.
ÈsoA. squamosa(sugar-apple) ní ara funfun tó dùn, ó sì jẹ́ gbajúgbajà ní àwọn ọjà àgbáyé.
Branches with light brown bark and visible leaf scars; inner bark light yellow and slightly bitter; twigs become brown with light brown dots (lenticels – small, oval, rounded spots upon the stem or branch of a plant, from which the underlying tissues may protrude or roots may issue).
Thin, simple, alternateleavesoccur singly,5 to 17 centimetres (2 to6⁄4inches) long and 2 to 6 cm (⁄4to2⁄8in) wide;rounded at the base and pointed at the tip (oblong-lanceolate).They are pale green on both surfaces and mostly hairlesswith slight hairs on the underside when young.The sides sometimes are slightly unequal and the leaf edges are without teeth, inconspicuously hairy when young.
The leaf stalks are 0.4 to 2.2 cm (⁄8to⁄8in) long,green, and sparsely pubescent.
Solitary or in short lateral clusters of 2–4 about 2.5 cm (1 in) long,greenish-yellow flowers on a hairy, slender2 cm (⁄4in) long stalk.Three green outer petals, purplish at the base, oblong, 1.6 to 2.5 cm (⁄8to 1 in) long, and 0.6 to 0.75 cm (⁄4to⁄16in)  wide, three inner petals reduced to minute scales or absent.Very numerous stamens; crowded, white, less than 1.6 cm (⁄8in) long; ovary light green. Styles white, crowded on the raised axis. Each pistil forms a separate tubercle (small rounded wartlike protuberance), mostly 1.3 to 1.9 cm (⁄2to⁄4in) long and 0.6 to 1.3 cm (⁄4to⁄2in) wide which matures into the aggregate fruit.
Flowering occurs in spring-early summerand flowers are pollinated bynitidulidbeetles.Its pollen is shed as permanent tetrads.
Fruits ripen 3 to 4 months after flowering.
Aggregate and soft fruits form from the numerous and loosely united pistils of a flowerwhich become enlargedand mature into fruits which are distinct from fruits of other species ofgenus(and more like a giantraspberryinstead).
The round or heart-shapedgreenish yellow, ripened aggregate fruit is pendulouson a thickened stalk; 5 to 10 cm (2 to3⁄8in)in diameterwith many round protuberancesand covered with a powdery bloom. Fruits are formed of loosely cohering or almost free carpels (the ripened pistels).
The pulp is white tinged yellow,edible and sweetly aromatic. Each carpel containing an oblong, shiny and smooth,dark brownto black, 1.3 to 1.6 cm (⁄2to⁄8in) long seed.
Àdàkọ:Nutritional valueSugar-apple is high inenergy, an excellent source ofvitamin Cand manganese, a good source of thiamine and vitamin B6, and provides vitamin B2, B3B5, B9, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium in fair quantities.
Thediterpenoidalkaloidatisineis the most abundant alkaloid in the root. Other constituents ofAnnona squamosainclude the alkaloidsoxophoebine,reticuline,isocorydine,andmethylcorydaldine,and theflavonoidquercetin-3-O-glucoside.
Bayer AGhas patented the extraction process and molecular identity of the annonaceousacetogeninannonin, as well as its use as abiopesticide.Other acetogenins have been isolated from the seeds,bark,and leaves.
Annona squamosais native to the tropical Americas and West Indies, but the exact origin is unknown. It is now the most widely cultivated of all the species ofAnnona, being grown for its fruit throughout the tropics and warmer subtropics, such asIndonesia,Thailand,Taiwan, andChinaas far north asSuzhou;it was introduced to southernAsiabefore 1590. It isnaturalizedas far north as southernFloridain theUnited Statesand as south asBahiainBrazil,Bangladesh, and is aninvasive speciesin some areas.
Àdàkọ:More citations needed sectionLike most species ofAnnona, it requires a tropical or subtropical climate with summer temperatures from 25 °C (77 °F) to 41 °C (106 °F), and mean winter temperatures above 15 °C (59 °F). It is sensitive to cold and frost, being defoliated below 10 °C (50 °F) and killed by temperatures of a couple of degrees below freezing. It is only moderatelydrought-tolerant, requiring at least 700 millimetres (28 in) of annual rainfall, and does not produce fruit well during droughts.
It will grow from sea level to an altitude of 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) and thrives in hot dry climates, differing in its tolerance of lowland tropics from many of the other fruit bearers in theAnnonafamily.
It is quite a prolific bearer, and it produces fruit within as little as two to three years. A five-year-old tree can produce as many as 50 sugar apples. Poor fruit production has been reported in Florida because there are few natural pollinators (honeybees have a difficult time penetrating the tightly closed female flowers); however, hand pollination with a natural fibre brush is effective in increasing yield. Natural pollinators include beetles (coleoptera) of the familiesNitidulidae,Staphylinidae,Chrysomelidae,CurculionidaeandScarabaeidae.
In thePhilippines, the fruit is commonly eaten by the Philippinefruit bat(kabagorkabog), which then spreads the seeds from island to island.
It is a host plant for larvae of the butterflyGraphium agamemnon(tailed jay).
In traditional Indian, Thai, and Native American medicines, the leaves are boiled down with water, possibly mixed with other specific botanicals, and used in adecoctionto treatdysenteryandurinary tract infection.Intraditional Indian medicine, the leaves are also crushed for use as a poultice, and applied to wounds.In Mexico, the leaves are rubbed on floors and put in hens' nests, to repel lice.InHaiti, the fruit is known ascachimanand is used to simply make juice.In Lebanon and Syria, it is made into a variety of desserts and sweets, referred to asashta.