Yorkshire and the Humber

Yorkshire and the Humberis one of the nine officialregions of Englandat the first level ofITLforstatisticalpurposes.It is one of the three regions coveringNorthern England, alongside theNorth West EnglandandNorth East Englandregions, and covers the historic and culturalYorkshirearea.
Yorkshire and the Humber is made up of the counties ofEast Riding of Yorkshire,North Yorkshire(excluding areas in theTees Valleywhich are instead part of North East England),South Yorkshire,West Yorkshire, and the districts ofNorth LincolnshireandNorth East Lincolnshirethat are in the county ofLincolnshire. The population of Yorkshire and the Humber in 2021 was 5,480,774with its largest settlements beingLeeds,Sheffield,Bradford,Hull, andYork.
In theYorkshireand theHumberregion, there is a very close relationship between the majortopographicalareas and the underlying geology.ThePenninechain of hills in the west is ofCarboniferousorigin. The central vale isPermo-Triassic. TheNorth York Moorsin the north-east of the region areJurassicin age, while theYorkshire WoldsandLincolnshire Woldsto the south east areCretaceouschalk uplands.
This region ofEnglandgenerally has cool summers and relatively mild winters, with the upland areas of theNorth York Moorsand thePenninesexperiencing the coolest weather and theVale of Yorkthe warmest. Weather conditions vary from day to day as well as from season to season. The latitude of the area means that it is influenced by predominantly westerly winds with depressions and their associated fronts, bringing with them unsettled and windy weather, particularly in winter. Between depressions, there are often small mobile anticyclones that bring periods of fair weather. In winteranticyclonesbring cold dry weather. In summer the anticyclones tend to bring dry, settled conditions which can lead to drought. For its latitude, this area is mild in winter and cooler in summer due to the influence of theGulf Streamin the northernAtlantic Ocean.
Air temperature varies on a daily and seasonal basis. Cities such as Sheffield, Leeds, and Bradford are generally cooler due to their inland and upland location, while York, Hull, and Wakefield are warmer due to their lowland location. The temperature is usually lower at night; January is the coldest time of the year and July is usually the warmest month.
Snow is not uncommon in the winter, Yorkshire is mostly hilly/mountainous, and the Yorkshire Dales and the Pennines can have extreme snowstorms with high snowdrifts. Inland/upland settlements, such as Skipton or Ilkley, have more snow than coastal towns. Hull and Scarborough have less snow as their weather is moderated by the ocean.
Climate data for settlements in the region:
The officialregionconsists of the following subdivisions:
North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire, East Riding of Yorkshire and Kingston upon Hull unitary authorities used to be part ofHumbersidewhich meant the region was called Yorkshire & Humberside.
TheYorkshire and Humber Assemblywas a partnership of all local authorities in the region and representatives of various economic, social and environmental sectors. The full Assembly normally met three times a year, normally in February, June and October.
On 31 March 2009, the Assembly was abolished and replaced byLocal Government Yorkshire and Humber, until its subsequent closure in 2015.
Yorkshire is one of the two regions (along with theNorth West) that were expected to have a referendum about the establishment of an electedregional assembly. When theNorth Eastregion of England rejected having an elected regional assembly in a referendum, the thenDeputy Prime MinisterJohn Prescottannounced that he would not move orders forother referendumsbefore the relevant provisions expired in June 2005.
The committees for the region ceased to exist after the 12 April 2010;regional ministers were not reappointed by the incomingCameron–Clegg coalition government, with the associated government offices abolished in 2011.
Before theUK exitfrom theEuropean Unionon 31 January 2020, the European constituency ofYorkshire and the Humberwas coterminous with the English region.
The region has fewer degree-educated adults than the England average and the UK's highest rate of cancer.
For top-tier authorities, Kingston upon Hull has the highestteenage pregnancyrate, closely followed byNorth East Lincolnshire. For top-tier authorities,North Yorkshirehas the lowest teenage pregnancy rate.
Rotherham had the UK's youngest grandmother – 26 years old. Her 12-year-old daughter gave birth on 26 August 1999.
Formultiple deprivationin England, measured by theIndices of deprivation 2007,the most deprived council districts in the region are, in descending order – Kingston upon Hull (11th in England), Bradford (32nd), Doncaster (41st), Barnsley (43rd), North East Lincolnshire (49th), Sheffield (63rd), Wakefield (66th), Rotherham (68th), Kirklees (82nd), Leeds (85th), and Scarborough (97th). These areas are mostly represented by Labour MPs, with a few Conservative MPs representing parts of Leeds (with a Lib Dem MP) and North East Lincolnshire, and all of Scarborough. Apart from Scarborough, they are unitary authorities.
The least deprived districts are, in descending order – Harrogate, Hambleton, Richmondshire, Craven, and Selby – all in North Yorkshire. Like all of North Yorkshire, they are represented by Conservative MPs, aside from Selby which elected a Labour MP at the2023 Selby and Ainsty by-election. At county level, the least deprived areas are, in descending order – North Yorkshire, York and the East Riding of Yorkshire which all have roughly the same level of deprivation, and lower than the majority of England, includingCheshireandNorthamptonshire.
The region as a whole is one of the more deprived in England, measured by having far moreLower Layer Super Output Areas(LSOAs) in the 20% most deprived districts than the 20% least deprived districts.
Kingston upon Hull has the highest proportion of people not in education, employment or trainingNEETsin the region (and fairly high for the UK – 10.6%).This is another demographic extreme it shares withKnowsleyin Merseyside.
In March 2011 the region had the third highest overallunemployment claimantcount in England with 4.4%. For the region, Hull has the highest rate with 7.8% which is the highest for any English district;North East Lincolnshireis next with 6.4%, and Doncaster has 5.2%.Richmondshirehas the lowest rate with 1.8% and Harrogate is next lowest with 1.9%.
In the2015 general election, 39% of the region's electorate voted Labour, 33% Conservative, 16% UKIP, 7% Liberal Democrat and 4% Green. Labour had almost twice as many seats than the Conservatives with 33 Labour, 19 Conservative and 2 Liberal Democrat. There was a 2.5% swing from Conservative to Labour. However, although Labour has around 60% of the region's seats, the geographic spread is mostly Conservative, due to the Labour seats having a much smaller geographic area.
In the2017 general election,Sheffield HallamincumbentNick Clegg(Liberal Democrats) was defeated by Labour candidateJared O'Mara, with Labour taking all ofSouth Yorkshirewhile remaining concentrated in the other coalfield areas and Hull. However, the2019 general electionsaw Labour lose ground, mainly to the Conservatives, within the region.
In theOffice for National StatisticsInternational Territorial Levels(ITL), Yorkshire and the Humber is a level-1 ITL region, coded "UKE", which is subdivided as follows:
As part of the national transport planning system, theRegional Assemblyis required to produce a Regional Transport Strategy to provide long-term planning for transport in the region. This involves region wide transport schemes such as those carried out by theHighways AgencyandNetwork Rail.Within the region the local transport authorities plan for the future by producingLocal Transport Plans (LTP)which outline their strategies, policies and implementation programmes.The most recent LTP is that for the period 2006–11. In the Yorkshire and The Humber region the following transport authorities have published their LTP online:East Riding of YorkshireU.A.,Kingston upon Hull,North East LincolnshireU.A.,North LincolnshireU.A.,North Yorkshire,South Yorkshire,West YorkshireandYorkU.A.
TheM62 motorwayis Yorkshire's main east–west thoroughfare, and north–south routes are theM1and theA1, with only the A1 continuing further north, with an upgrade to motorway status currently being built betweenLeemingandBarton. The other main north–south road in the region is theA19.TheM180(continuing as the A180) connects the ports at Grimsby and Immingham via theM18(European route E22).
TheA64 roadconnects areas in the north-east of the region to the main body of motorways. The M1 was originally designed to finish at the A1 at Doncaster; this section became the M18 in December 1967. The section from theThurcroft Interchangeto Leeds (originally known as the Leeds-Sheffield Spur) was essentially designed to replace theA61, which is still the main road that connects the centres of Sheffield, Barnsley, Wakefield and Leeds, and continues through Harrogate and Ripon to Thirsk. The M180 is shadowed by theA18, which is the main road through Scunthorpe. The single-carriagewayA1079connects Hull to York, and has been exceeding its designed capacity for many years.
The main north–south and east–west routes interchange at a series of junctions to the south and east of Leeds, near Castleford. Leeds and Bradford have inner-city urban motorways, while Sheffield has theSheffield Parkwayand Hull has theClive Sullivan Way(A63) which connect the city centres with the motorway network.  Leeds has an inner-ring road network made mostly out of purpose-built motorway stretches which is mostly sub-terrain to the north of the city centre. Bradford, Huddersfield, Sheffield and York have inner-ring roads made by re-aligning existing roads while Halifax has a town-centre relief scheme made up of the Aachen Way and the North Bridge flyovers. TheOffice of the Traffic Commissionercentral office is on the B6159 in east Leeds (Hillcrest House), which processes England and WalesLGV and PSV licences.
TheHumber Bridge, the tallest bridge in the UK at 538 feet, was the world's longest suspension bridge from 17 July 1981 until 5 April 1998; it was built to connect with a proposed new town near theA15/M180 interchange.
The central hubs of the rail network in the region areLeeds,SheffieldandYork. TheEast Coast Main Linepasses through Leeds and York, operated byLondon North Eastern Railwaywhich has its headquarters in York.TheMidland Main Linefinishes at Sheffield, with a less regular service to Leeds, operated byEast Midlands Railway. East–west routes are operated byTransPennine ExpresstoManchesterandLiverpool.Leeds has a fairly extensive commuter network and an electrified section in the North of Bradford provides many commuter services. Sheffield has a smaller commuter rail network and there are also less extensive systems in Doncaster, Huddersfield, Wakefield and Harrogate, which connect the districts of the settlements to the centre by rail. The express service between Leeds and Huddersfield is notably quick.
TheSouth Yorkshire Passenger Transport ExecutiveandWest Yorkshire Metrosubsidise commuters' travel with discount schemes.Class 399tram-trainswere introduced in Sheffield in 2017.
Hull is connected toLondonbyHull Trains' services. North Yorkshire has a skeleton train network, with Scarborough and York being the main destinations. TheYorkshire Coast LineconnectsHulltoScarborough. TheHull to York Lineruns along the north of theHumberthroughSelby, and takes inSherburn-in-Elmetand nearby rural stations south of York, being of great use to commuters to York since being reopened in the 1980s.
South of the Humber,Scunthorpeand nearby rural stations are connected by theSouth Humberside Main Line, run byNorthern.Grimsbyis connected (also through Scunthorpe) onTransPennine Express' South TransPennine route from Sheffield (originating atManchester Airport).
The region is home to a rail land speed record. On 1 November 1987, anInterCity 125travelled at 238 km/h betweenNorthallertonandThirsk.
Only Sheffield has its own mass-transit system, theSheffield Supertram, owned by SYPTE and run byStagecoach. Leeds and Bradford have more developed commuter rail systems but lack any mass transit system. TheLeeds Supertramwas an approved scheme in Leeds. However, the funding was pulled and the scheme has been replaced by the proposedLeeds Trolleybusscheme, which itself, was also cancelled. In the past Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, Kingston upon Hull, Leeds, Rotherham, Sheffield and York have all had mass-transit systems.
Airports in the region areLeeds Bradford AirportatYeadon,Doncaster Sheffield Airport(which opened in April 2005 on the formerRAF Finningley) nearDoncasterandHumberside Airport(which opened in April 1974 on the formerRAF Kirmington) nearBrigginNorth Lincolnshire. Leeds Bradford Airport is the largest in the region by passenger numbers,Robin Hoodboasts the longest runway (2.7 km) of any airport in the region and Humberside Airport boasts an active heliport.Jet2.com, a popular low-cost airline at Leeds Bradford has around fiftyBoeing 737aircraft.
Sheffield City Airportformerly served the city of Sheffield. However, the airport struggled to attract many scheduled services and closed following the opening of Doncaster Sheffield Airport.
Lying outside of the regionTeesside International Airport(formerRAF Middleton St George) serves the northernmost areas of the region, being next to the River Tees, and less than a mile fromOver Dinsdaleon North Yorkshire's northern edge. There are day and nightdirect rail connectionsfrom the region toManchester Airport.National Expresscoach services also run directly toHeathrow Airportfrom the region.
Hullhas dailyferries(formerNorth Sea Ferries) toZeebruggeandRotterdam(Europoort).Hull also has a large freight port and an active fishing port.Imminghamcarries much freight transport viaDFDS Tor Lineand theStena Line.Gooleis Britain's most inland port and is used mostly for importing commodities such ascoalandtimber.
The region also has a canal network. TheLeeds and Liverpool Canallinks West Yorkshire with the North West and theAire and Calder Navigationlinks Leeds and the coal fields of West and North Yorkshire with the ports to the East of the region.  There are also several smaller canals in the region, often built for quite specific purposes.  Many stretches of the smaller canals in the region have been backfilled. The steepest locks in Britain are at Bingley –Bingley Five Rise Locks, built byJohn Longbotham, who designed the canal.
Until 2011,Yorkshire Forwardwas theRegional Development Agencycharged with improving the Yorkshire and Humber economy, where some 270,000 businesses contribute to an economy worth in excess of £80 billion.The region has the second lowest rate ofGVAin England. However, Leeds has a much higher average GVA than most of South Yorkshire.Business LinkYorkshireuntil November 2011 was on the Capitol Business Park inDodworth, west of the M1 nearBarnsleynear the bypass (A628). The region'sManufacturing Advisory Servicewas until March 2016 at Saint Martins House inPotternewtonnext toChapel Allerton Hospital, on the former A61, with two other offices at theAdvanced Manufacturing Park,Catcliffeoff theA630Sheffield Parkway, and also onSt. Georges Roadin the west of Hull; the functions are now represented by the organisationMade in Yorkshire. TheUKTIoffice for the region was off theA653, directly south of Bridgewater Place inHolbeck, and its successor (in July 2016)DITYorkshire and the Humber is at the Digital Media Centre nearBarnsley Interchange, run by Mark Robson.
NHS Yorkshire and the Humber, the regionalstrategic health authority, was at the roundabout at the bottom ofKirkstall Roadin Leeds, with another office in the north of Sheffield. The charity-fundedYorkshire Air Ambulance, established in October 2000, is based atNostell Priorysouth-east of Wakefield on the A638 (previously at Leeds Bradford Airport) andRAF Topcliffe(previously until 2012 atBagby Airfieldnear Thirsk); the helicopter can land on the main hospitals' roofs. The state-fundedYorkshire Ambulance Serviceis based next to Coca-Cola on the Wakefield 41 Business Park, near the A650.National Blood Servicefor the area is off theA6102in the north of Sheffield, at the west end of theNorthern General Hospital.
Yorkshire in the past has been synonymous withcoal mining. Many pits closed in the 1990s, with the last two that were open in the Pontefract area atKellingley(closed on 18 December 2015) andSharlston. In South Yorkshire, there wasMaltby Main CollieryandHatfield Colliery(closed in June 2015) atStainforth. TheNUMwas very Yorkshire-dominated. Coal still plays a part in the economy – there are two large power stations along theAireValley, with Drax being the second largest in Europe with 3,945MWof capacity, and Eggborough which is owned by the Czech Republic'sEnergetický a průmyslový holding(EPH) since 2014 and was owned byBritish Energyuntil 2010; Ferrybridge C closed on 23 March 2016. Thedistributionareaonce looked after by theregional electricity companyYorkshire Electricityis now looked after byNorthern Powergrid(former YEDL), owned byBerkshire Hathaway(since 2001) ofOmaha, Nebraska. The supply side of the region is now owned bynpower(formerNational Power, now owned byRWEofEssen, Germany). 29% of the UK's oil is refined on the Humber.
Scunthorpeis where steel issmeltedbyBritish Steel Limited(former Corus Group before September 2010 thenTata Steel Europeuntil June 2016) in the east of the town; it is the largest steelworks in the UK.Golden Wondercrisps are made inFrodingham, opposite the steel works (former site of Riley's Potato Crisps); the brand originated in Scotland.Esca Food Solutions(another plant was inMilton Keynesbefore October 2007) make all the beefpattiesforMcDonald'sin the UK and Ireland at their factory inCrosbyin the north-west of the town, processing around 7000 cattle a week – about 12,000 kg an hour; 2.25m cattle are killed in the UK each year.IAC Group(Ecomold before 2008) have a car interiors plant on the Foxhills Industrial Estate in the north of Scunthorpe off the A1077; to the west,Can-PackUK (parent company inKraków) is on the Skippingdale Industrial Estate, and makes aluminiumbeverage cans; further north,Nisa(retailer) have their headquarters on theNormanbyEnterprise Park, inFlixboroughoff the B1430.
Further south on the Foxhills Industrial Estate towards theA1077, Wren Kitchens have a large factory in a formerB&Qwarehouse, which closed in 2009; next-door to the north,2 Sisters Food Grouphave a large chicken processing plant (Premier Fresh Foods before 2000), built in 1988 as one of the largest plants of its type in Europe, which processes around 1,900,000 chickens per week (customers includeKFC). TSC Foods on the Queensway Industrial Estate at theA18/A1029 roundabout in south-east Scunthorpe supply many foodservice products (sauces) to most UKpub chains. Caparo Merchant Bar, next to the steel works in Scunthorpe, are the UK's largest producer ofmerchant bar; nearby is British Steel Wire Rod. Vossloh Cogifer UK (former Corus Cogifer before 2012), a joint venture ofVossloh Cogifer(ofReichshoffen) and the former Corus Rail, makerailway pointsto the west of Scunthorpe;Voestalpinealso make train tracks too at a huge foundry in Austria
Pipers Crispsare on aformer airfieldnext to the A15 atElsham; next door is IG Industries who produce polyethylene films (shrink wrap). There are two large oil refineries west ofImmingham, owned byConocoPhillips(Jet) andTotalEnergies.Kimberly-Clarkmade all of itsHuggiesnappies for Europe atBarton-upon-Humberuntil 2013; since 2016, the site has been the headquarters and factory ofWren Kitchens.Techreteon the B1207 in the north of Hibaldstow, next to therailway line, is the UK's leading maker of architectural precastcladding. County Turf, off the B1207 (Ermine Street) inApplebymade the turf forWembley Stadium, who replaced Inturf ofWilberfoss. There is a largeCEMEXcementplant atWinteringhamoff theA1077at the meeting point of the NewRiver Ancholmeand the Humber (Ferriby Sluice).
Grimsbyis home of England'sfishing industry(although most fish is transported from thePeterheadarea of Scotland via road), and has many frozen food factories such asYoung's Seafood. The seafood industry is worth £1.8 billion to North East Lincolnshire; most of Britain's seafood comes from Grimsby.HM Revenue & Customsin the town centre administers the UK's deregistration ofVATfor companies, and the VAT Annual Accounting Scheme.Auto-Trailmakes motorhomes on theEuroparc, Grimsby, owned by Paris-basedTrigano. Wyndeham Gait is a main printer next to theA180/A16roundabout.
Cardsaveis amerchant account provider. Cofely FabricomEngie(former GDF SUEZ), an engineering consultancy based on the A1173 in Immingham, work in the oil and gas industry, and nearby to the east is a largeKnaufplaster board plant.Hydro Agrihad an important large fertiliser plant (built byFisonsin 1951) on the side of the railway; nowPB Kentand its subsidiaryHumber Palmers(both owned byOrigin Enterprisesof Ireland) make fertiliser there. In Healing (formerLittle Coates) next to the Humber,Lenzing Fibers GrimsbymakeLyocell(Tencel), where it was first made by Courtaulds in 1988, who owned the site until bought byAkzoNobelin 1998.Greenergyhave a biodiesel plant atImmingham West Terminal.
AarhusKarlshamnUK (AAK,edible oils) is at Hull Ferry Terminal. TheValuation Office Agencyfor the north of England is near King George Dock.Smith & Nephew(wound management division) andReckitt Benckisermedical and household products companies originated in Hull, and still have large factories there. WhenReckitt & Colmanmerged with the Dutch Benckiser in 1999, much production was moved from Hull toSwindon.Heron Frozen Foodsis based there near St Andrew's Quay, andCranswick plcare a food-processing company based in the north of Hull, which makes up-market (Taste the Difference)gourmetsausages for Tesco andSainsbury's, andThe Black Farmer, in West Carr; Cranswick Country Foods have their mainpoultry processingsite off the B1237 in the north ofStoneferry.
Croda Europe has a chemical factory on the north side of theA1165inNewlandnext to River Hull; further south inSculcoates,Crown Paintshave a factory on the west side of the River Hull. Walker Group in Hull own Victoria Plumb bathrooms, and the brandMFI.Aunt Bessie'sis a large food company in the west of Hull near theA63and Hessle. NearbyNorbert Dentressangleclaim to run the largestpeaprocessing factory in the worldat the junction of the A1166 and theClive Sullivan Way(A63), which has supplied all ofBirds Eye's peas since June 2008.
Ideal Standard, the plumbing company, now in north Hull next to theHull–Scarborough line(Yorkshire Coast Line), was formed in Hull in 1936.Ideal Heating, owned byStelradand based nearby, makedomestic boilers, and have diversified intoair source heat pumpsandsolar thermalwater heaters.Comet, who originated there, had some main offices onGeorge Street.Gamebore Cartridgeon the A1165 atDrypool, Hull andHull Cartridge, on the Acorn Industrial Estate north of Ideal, both makeshotgun cartridges.Logan Teleflex(former Fabricom Airport Systems, and owned by Daifuku) makes luggage sorting systems near the B1237/A1033 junction in north Hull.KCOM Group(former Kingston Communications) is a telecommunications company based next toHull City Hall.
Seven Seas, owned byMerck Group, madecod liver oilandmultivitamins(Haliborange) on theA1033inMarfleetuntil 2015; next door is Willerby Holiday Homes, the UK's largest manufacturer of holiday homes; nearby,Paneltexis a group of engineering companies for vehicle bodies, on the Kingston International Park on the A1033, opposite Saltend; next door is Atlas Leisure Homes (in Preston). Humdinger (owned byZetar) on the A1033 makes branded savoury snacks.Airbath(part ofReva Industries) is in north-east Hull.Fenner DunlopEurope who claim to be the world's largestconveyor beltmanufacturer, in Marfleet, have their owncricket pitchand theirHainsworth Research Centre.
BP Saltend (inPreston) is Europe's largest producer ofacetic acid, and part of the worldwide BPAcetylsgroup; next door,IneosEnterprises makesvinyl acetate monomer(VAM) andVivergo(bioethanol) is nearby.Fenneris inHessle.BAE Systems Military Air & Information(formerBlackburn Aircraft, and under threat of imminent closure) atBroughis known as theHome of the Hawk, and recently made theHawk 128, with a fullydigital cockpit.Kohler Mira Ltdmake showers on the Melton West Business Park, south of the A63.Guardian Industriesmakesfloat glassinGoole; Timloc, part ofAlumasc Group, make ventilation for buildings.Croda International, the chemical company, is inEast Cowick, near the M62/M18 Langham Interchange.Swift Groupin Cottingham are the only UK manufacturer of caravans.YaraUK have a fertiliser blending plant (formerPhosynbefore 2006) on the A1079 on a formerairfieldinBarmby Moor. Bridlington is Europe's largestlobster port.
There are manyRoyal Air Forcebases inNorth Yorkshire, close to theA1(M),Catterick Garrisonis the largest army base in Europe nearRichmond, and home of theInfantry Training Centre. TheDefence School of Transport Leconfieldis nearBeverley.RAF Fylingdalesis an important, though secret, part of NATO'sBallistic Missile Early Warning System; theEmergency Planning CollegeatEasingwoldprovided courses to prepare fornuclear war.Dishforth Airfieldwas the first place in the UK to get the Apache helicopter in 2003 for theArmy Air Corps, and has had helicopters since 1991, currently having three squadrons ofLynxhelicopters. The helicopters train over the North York Moors.4th Regiment Royal Artilleryis atAlanbrooke Barracks(former RAF Topcliffe, and former HQ of15th Infantry Brigade, which is now atImphal Barracks). GCHQ (former Composite Signals Organisation) have asitein the west of Scarborough.RAF Leemingis the only RAF station inNorthern Englandthat flies jet aircraft; theYorkshire Universities Air Squadronflies fromRAF Linton-on-Ouse(previously it had flown fromRAF Church Fentonuntil 2013).
Nestléin the UK are based in York, withMackintosh'soperations in Halifax.Persimmon plc(the UK's second largest builder of houses, building around 14,000 houses in 2014) is at the A19/A64 Fulford Interchange. TheShepherd Building Group(who ownPortakabin), andPortasilo, which makesbulk handlingequipment such assilos, are in Huntington off theA1036in the east of York;AlphaGraphics UKare next door (formerly in Seamer), and toMonks Crossretail park.London North Eastern Railwayhas its headquarters in York.Terry'schocolate was closed in September 2005 by its new ownerKraft Foods, and production moved to Poland.Costcutteris based on theA1079inDunnington.Best WesternHotels UK are based atClifton Without.CPP Group(credit card insurance) are on Holgate Park on the A59 in the north-west of the city centre;Avivahave a large site on Rougier Street (B1227) for equity release, life insurance, and pensions.
Rolawnat the Laveracks Industrial Estate on the B1228 inElvingtonis Europe's largest producer of lawn turf, with its Medallion brand being the UK market leader.DBS National Security Vettingis at Imphal Barracks in Fulford on the A19.Tangerine Confectioneryis off the A59, in Acomb Ings in the west of York, which makes toffee and fudge; its old site onCoppergateis nowJorvik Viking Centre; the neighbouringBritish Sugarplant closed in 2007.Sherbet fountainshave been made in York since 1925; the brand was bought by Tangerine from Cadbury in 2008.York Handmade Brick Company, who have supplied bricks forThe ShardandLondon Bridgerailway station are based in the village ofAlne, north of York.
Streamline, the UK's mainmerchant account providerformerly owned byNatWest, is on the B6162 atHarlow Hillin the west of Harrogate;Principal Hotel CompanyUK (hotels), is atOatlandsin the south of the town, whereHein GerickeUK is on Hornbeam Park, next to Harrogate College.Dunlopillo, a world-leading manufacturer oflatex foammattresses was for many years off the A61 atPannal, south of Harrogate, until 2003, and from 2008 has now been headquartered inHuntingdon(Cambs). The CanadianMcCain Ltdhas been inScarboroughsince 1969;LegrandUK makecable managementsystems atCaytonsouth of Scarborough on the B1261 next to McCain, and along the road from the coach builderPlaxton.Boyes(retail) are inEastfield.Dale Power Solutions, south of the B1261 on the Eastfield Industrial Estate, make electrical power supply equipment.Deep Sea Electronicsmake generator controllers on theHunmanbyIndustrial Estate, off theA165, south ofFiley.Whitby Seafoods Ltdis inWhitby; they are the biggest producer ofscampiin the UK, and supplyWetherspoons.Westlers, based on the B1257 inAmotherbymake tinned convenience food, and theMoD's military ration packs(also made byVestey FoodsofCoulsdonin London).Dalepakis based inLeeming Barwhich is owned byABP Food Group;Vale of Mowbrayhave made pork pies inAiskewsince 1928.Reed Boardallhave the UK's second largest cold storage site on the west side of the A1 atBoroughbridge(the largest is now inWisbechin Cambridgeshire).
John Smith's Breweryis atTadcaster, owned by Heineken UK, which started brewingNewcastle Brown Alein May 2010,andSamuel Smith Old Brewery. AtMasham, there is theTheakston Breweryand theBlack Sheep Brewery. Just to the north inAiskew,Masons Ginhave a distillery.Skipton Building Societyis in Skipton.Silver Cross, the iconic pram manufacturer named after Silver Cross Street in Leeds, is headquartered inBroughtonat the junction of theA59andA56west of Skipton, although itsHeritageprams are made inBingley(most are made overseas). Next toBentham railway station(close to the Lancashire boundary)KiddeProducts UK makefoamfire extinguishers.Quornis made inStokesleybyMarlow Foods. TheRural Payments Agencyhave a main office at Northallerton.Econ Engineeringon the A61 Ripon bypass near the B6265 roundabout are Britain's leading manufacturer ofsalt gritters.Severfieldis at Topcliffe on the east side of theA168, on aformer airfield; they built the Olympic International Broadcast Centre in London. At anotherformer airfieldatTockwith, further south,Stage Onebuilt theOlympic Cauldron, the glowing Olympic Rings, and the aerial stage objects.
Austin Reed, who ownViyella, was on the A61 at the western end ofThirsk Racecourseuntil 2016.Slingsby Aviationmake gliders and planes inKirkbymoorside, on theA170.Perry Slingsby Systems(part ofForum Energy Technologies), next to Slingsby makeremotely operated underwater vehicles(ROVs), who have helped to develop theNATO Submarine Rescue System.Karro Food Groupbased at Malton, are a pork processor, formerly part ofVion NV. South of Selby,Saint-GobainGlass UK (Solaglas) has made float glass forlow emissivitywindows since 2000 next to the A19 at the A645 roundabout, directly south of theEggborough power station.Optaremake buses on a large industrial estate inSherburn-in-Elmet(previously inCross Gatesin Leeds before May 2011), and have been part ofHinduja Groupsince 2012.
Leeds is now a centre of financial services companies,withDirect LineandFirst Directbased there, as well asAsda,Arla Foods UK(maker ofLurpakand Anchor butter) inStourtonnear the A639 junction 44 of the M1 (formerly inKirkstallnear Yorkshire Television). TheGreen Flagroadside recovery firm has its main call centre (inFarsley).HSBCopened their first UK call centre in the city, taking advantage of its advanced communications network which also led to the founding ofFreeservein Leeds. TheDepartment of Healthhas a large administration operation atQuarry House, a local landmark. TheChild Maintenance and Enforcement Commissionwas atOne Leeds City Office Parkuntil 2012, off the A653 south of Bridgewater Place. TheNHS Appointments Commissionand formerNHS Yorkshire and the Humberwere next to the north side of the A65 at the A58(M) junction near the formerPark Lane College, where further east along the A58 is theCallcreditcredit reference agency, and on the opposite side of the inner ring-road from theSkills for Caresector skills council. TheWaddingtonsboard game company was founded in Leeds, as was the Burton tailoring company (the Burton Group became theArcadia Group) andM & S. TheTetley's Breweryclosed in 2011 and moved operations to Northampton (Carlsberg).Aramark UKis inWest Park, Leeds, in the north of the city, off thering road.
TheBritish Libraryis sited atThorpe ArchnearWetherby, home ofGoldenfry.Dr. Oetkerproducts are made atColtonnear M1 junction 46 andSherburn-in-Elmet; at Thorpe Park Business Park in the east of Leeds (Austhorpe) also isNorthern Gas NetworksandRepublic (retailer).Ellie Louise, a clothes retailer, is atSturton Grangenorth of Garforth on the A642, south of M1 junction 47 on the Helios 47 Industrial Estate, nearGinetta Cars.Unilever Leeds(former Gibbs Proprietaries from 1965, then Elida Gibbs from 1971, thenElida Fabergé) have their aerosol division atWhinmoor, in north-east Leeds, administered byLever Fabergé. It claims to be the largest aerosol factory in the world, and has their research centre, and makesImpulse,Lynx,DoveandSure.Agfa Graphics(Belgian) have their only UK factory next to Fabergé in Whinmoor, makingcomputer to plateoffset printers; 85% of the world's banknotes are printed with the parent company's technology. Nearby in Seacroft isKomoriUK (printing presses).
Symington's make breakfast cereals on the Thornes Farm Business Park, near theA63(M1 junction 45).Sound Leisureis the UK's leading manufacturer of juke boxes.WABCO Vehicle Control SystemsUK (air brakes) is inMorley, andQHotelsare onBruntcliffe Road(A650) inBruntcliffe. East of Morley off the A6110 isDePuy International(orthopaedics).Hermes Europe(former Parcelnet before 2009, which was Directline and Speedlink before 1999), based at Capitol Park on the A650 atTopcliffe, is the UK's largest home delivery company, and is part of Grattan's parent company.Hainsworthmakes speciality textiles such as military uniforms and in 1975 produced the firstNomexflame-retardantflight suitsforfast-jetpilots in the UK; their TITAN outfit is used byriot policeand firefighters, with ceremonial fabrics made fromworstedbarathea, anduniform capsfor theHousehold Division, and uniforms for others such asLondon Underground.Clariant UK, the chemical company, was inYeadon, with a factory inHorsforth;BrenntagUK is based at the A65/A658 junction at Rawdon Park in Yeadon (former Albion Chemicals before 2006) next to the fire station.
EMIS Healthare off the A658 in central Yeadon, and are a main supplier of GP computer systems. Craftsman Tools on the A659 in Otley maketoolholdingsystems andfixtures.Sinclairsmake theSilvinebrand of stationery at Otley.Allied Glassbased in south Leeds at the A61/A639 junction, and also has a main plant at Knottingley east of town on the A645, makes glass bottles for whisky. Toggi outdoor clothing (equestrian) is at Confederation Park at the M621 junction 2 with the A643, and with Champion who make riding hats and body protectors;600 Group, based near junction 2 of the M621, are the world's biggest manufacturer of manual and CNC lathes; it makesColchester-Harrisonlathes, andPratt Burnerd Internationallathe-chuckswith a lathe factory at Heckmondwike.Sulzer PumpsUK have a large manufacturing facility on theA6110near theA643roundabout.Pland Stainlessmake large sinks for laboratories and hospitals. Leeds is the second largest manufacturing city in the UK, after London.
Morrisonsis based in Bradford; it has 132,000 staff and opened its first supermarket in 1961 in a converted cinema; it turned over £17.6 billion in 2015, and is the region's second largest company. Also in Bradford areClub 18-30,Seabrook Potato Crisps,Safestyle UK,Vanquis Banking Group,Yorkshire Building Society,Stylo, theGrattan(owned byOtto GmbHsince 2000)catalogue retailer, andYorkshire Water.Santander UK(formerAbbey) has itssavingsdivision there. TheHalifaxbank (former Building Society) is based in Halifax, theYorkshire BankandLeeds Building Societyin Leeds, and withUK Asset Resolution(formerBradford & Bingley) andNRAM Limited(former Northern Rock) inCrossflatts. The area between Leeds, Bradford and Wakefield is known as theRhubarb Triangle.
Empire Storesof Bradford was Britain's firstmail orderfirm in 1890, bought byRedcatsUK (French) and closed in 2009; it is now the site of Redcats UK in the north of the town centre. BASF Performance Products (Ciba Specialty Chemicalsuntil 2008, then Allied Colloids before 1997) is inLow Moor; it makes many chemicals includingthickening agents.Bowers Metrology Group, on the B6381 near the junction withA6177atBradford Moor, are a leading measuring instruments company, and part of Spear & Jackson.Equifaxis off the A650 in central Bradford, opposite theLeisure Exchange; next doorNatWest Grouphave a call centre.Federal-Mogul, off theA650in east Bradford, makes automotive parts (gudgeon pinsandpistons).Princes Soft Drinkshave their main factory south of the A650 atTong Street;Nexthave a large warehouse nearby.
BorgWarnerTurbo Systems make automotiveturbochargers(includingvariable-geometry turbochargers) on the Euroway Industrial Estate off the M606, and produces around 750,000 a year;Jacuzzi UKis nearby. Knightsbridge Furniture is on theB6165in Lister Hills.NufarmUK (A H Marksbefore 2008), make chemicals forphenoxy herbicides, betweenWykeandOakenshaw.Hield(luxury clothing) is inTridentparish, south of the city centre.Pace plc(owned since 2016 byArris International) inSaltaireis the global market leader inset-top boxes; Pace bought part ofAcorn, and based its set top boxes on theRISC OS, which it owned.Denso Marston Ltdmakecar radiatorsinShipley; HMRC (former Inland Revenue) have their main national payments office (HMRC Accounts Office) between the River Aire and the Leeds Liverpool canal at Shipley, opposite Salt's Mill, in a hexagonal building.Brook Taverneris Europe's largest corporate clothing supplier inIngrow, off the A629.Cinetic LandisUK, atCross Hillson the B6265, make CNC-controlledgrinding machines.
Reflecting Roadstuds Ltd, wherecat's eyeswere invented byPercy Shaw, are inBoothtown, in the north of Halifax.RhodiaNovecare UK are atHolywell Green, south of Halifax, and makesurfactantsfor cosmetics; to the northsia Fibralmakenon-wovenabrasives atGreetlandoff the B6114 (which leads to theScammonden Bridge) with the company's UK HQ in Brighouse.Gower Furniture(owned byNobia) is north-east of Halifax inHolmfieldinBradshaw.McVitie'sCake Company (Jamaica Ginger andLyle's Golden Syrupcakes, andHobNobflapjacks) is in west Halifax.Timeform(horseracecards) are near the A58/A629 roundabout in the north of the town centre and the A58 bridge overHebble Brook. Crosslee plc, south ofHipperholmeon the A644 towardsBrighouse, is Europe's largest independenttumble dryermanufacturer, under theWhite Knightbrand.Calrec Audio, an electronics firm that makesmixing desks, are on theA6033atNutclough, Hebden Bridge.Cressi-SubUK (scuba gear) are at Atlas Mill, Brighouse;Kent Introl(control valves) are in the east of Brighouse off theA644. Bedford Shelving are to the west.Marshalls plc(paving stones) are next to the River Calder inEllandandArran Isle(hardware), nearSuma Foods.TerbergDTS UK, supply its owndistribution tractorsandSchopfaircraft tow tractors from Lowfields Business Park, next to the River Calder off theA629inElland; nearbyWeir Power & Industrialmake Hopkinson and Batley brands of valves.
Fox's Biscuits(part of Northern Foods) andCattlesare inBatley;HSL Manufacturing(High Seat Ltd) are on Grange Road Industrial Estate (B6128) in the east of Batley, north ofHanging Heaton.Rohm and HaasUK (former Morton International, making chemicals) is on the B6117 inDewsbury Moor, on the south edge of Heckmondwike.Birkby’s Plasticsmake automotive components inLiversedge, and was the first company in the UK to mould plastic in the First World War.Rieter Automotivemake car furnishings on theA638inHeckmondwike.TMD Frictionmakebrake pads(Mintex part of BBA) off the A638 atChain Bar, Cleckheaton; Tangerine Confectionery (Lion Confectionery) is on theA643.Status InternationalUK (lightbulbs) is in the centre of Cleckheaton. Mars Complementary Petcare is off the A62 on the Oakwell Way Industrial Estate at Birstall, next toBirstall Shopping Park; nearby isPitchero, a sports website firm.Poundstretcheris inDeightoneast of Huddersfield.
David Brown Ltd.is inLockwoodin Huddersfield; this company ownedAston Martinfrom 1947 to 1972 and the company is now part ofTextron. In Huddersfield areCummins Turbo Technologies(formerHolset) who maketurbochargers,VTL Groupmake automotive components,Fired Up Groupwho ownArmco SecurityandCorby of Windsor(trouser press),Brook Crompton(electric motors) andGraham Group(plumbing retail). To the east of Fired Up isBritannia Rescue(owned byLV) at theA616/B6432 junction.Broadbent, make industrial centrifuges in central Huddersfield. Many fabric companies are in Huddersfield and the surrounding areas;Taylor & Lodge, owned byBulmer & Lumbof Bradford, wove cloth for the2011 Royal Wedding;Dugdale Bros & Coare in the centre.Novaglazeproduced the glass for theLondon Eye.Trojan Plasticsis the UK's largest bath manufacturer inMilnsbridgein west Huddersfield next to the River Colne.Thornton & Rosshealthcare is on the A62 next to theRiver ColneinLinthwaite.Dathan Tool & Gauge(cutting tools) are in Meltham.John Cottonat the A62/A644 junction in Mirfield are Europe's largest producer ofduvets.Camira Fabrics(fabrics for public transport) is based at Hopton Mills, south of Mirfield, with a manufacturing site off the B6108 in the east of Meltham, and makes the upholstery for London buses; further north next to River Calder is a site ofDr. Reddy's Laboratoriesin the south of Mirfield. Overlooked by the Emley Moor tower at theGrange Moor Roundaboutoff theA637andA642(towards Wakefield) atGrange MoorinKirkburtonisBonmarché, previously owned byPeacocksuntil 2012.
Hickson & Welch(owned byArch Chemicals) were inCastlefordand closed in 2005.Netto UK(previously owned by Asda) was inSouth Elmsalluntil 2011. Nestle madeToffee CrispandAfter EightinCastleforduntil 2012 then made in Halifax, andHaribomakes liquorice andPontefract cakesinPontefract.Burberryhad a main clothing factory in Castleford until the end of 2015, which is planned to move to Leeds. Cott Beverages are between the A645 and therailwayin the east of Pontefract (formerBenjamin Shaw & Sonsbefore 2006);Tangerine Confectionery(former Cadbury-ownedMonkhill Confectionery) makeButterkist(the UK's best-selling) popcorn north of Cott Beverages, nearPontefract Monkhill railway station, on the site which claims to be the birthplace of liquorice.Ardagh Glass UKis in the south ofKnottingley, with sites atMonk Brettonand Wheatley (Doncaster).Stölzle Flaconnage(former Bagley's before 1994) makesglass containers, between the A645 and theAire and Calder Navigation, and further along the A645,Tradeberecycle solvents.TotalLubricants UK is in Knottingley (Ferrybridge Hill) on the B6136.Plasmor(concrete) is in the south-east of Knottingley, with a large site atGreat Hecknext to aformer airfieldwhereH+H(Danish) makeaircrete; both sites importedpulverised fuel ash(PFA) from the former Eggborough power station; in east Knottingley, off the A645, Croda Hydrocarbons (bitumen) closed in 2008.
Teva Pharmaceutical IndustriesUK is next to the M62 at Castleford, nearGlasshoughton railway station.LPA Groupoff theA655in Hopetown,NormantonmakesLED lightingfor trains;Poundworldwas founded on a Wakefield market in 1974, and the family-owned company has 240 shops. To the west, Napier Brown (part ofReal Good Food) makesWhitworths' sugar in Hopetown. On the other side of the M62 (junction 31) inWhitwood,Pioneer Technology UKclosed their large plasma TV factory in March 2009.Coca-Cola UKclaim to have the largestsoft drinks factoryin the world at its 41-acre site, with 71,000 sq metres of buildings, atOutwood, which was built in 1989, and produces 6,000 cans (over 100 cans a second, on three canning lines) and 3,300 bottles a minute (sevenPETbottling lines, the fastest 2 litre bottling plant in the world), producing 100 million cases of soft drinks a year; the bottle caps are made out ofHDPE. To keep up with supply,Rexamhave a can factory next door. Nearby is the headquarters ofCard Factory, with over 800 shops is Britain's biggest card shop chain and started in 1997; opposite is theYorkshire Purchasing Organisation, which buys stock for most of the region's metropolitan boroughs and North Yorkshire, on south-west side of Wakefield 41. On the other side of the roundabout isMitre Sports International. Morrisons have theirRathbones Bakerieson Wakefield 41.
Group Rhodesoff theA638in east Wakefield, makemachine cells. On theFlanshawIndustrial Estate in west Wakefield isTechnal(aluminium facades) andWicona, part ofNorsk Hydro. Bombardier built trains atHorburyuntil 2006 where they madeCrossCountry'sClass 221Super VoyagerandClass 220Voyager(and were also assembled at theBNplant in Bruges, Belgium and Crespin in France, the formerANF Industrie).Northern Foodsare now based at Trinity Business Park off theA636south of Wakefield town centre. Wakefield Shirt Group is next to the River Calder.Double TWOshirts are based off the A638 in central Wakefield.Nooter/EriksenUK is off theA636next toDenby Dale railway station, and produceheat recovery steam generator(HRSGs)
Sheffield is known for its steel industry, which has declined in recent years.Outokumpu(formerBritish Steel plcStainless) near theTinsley Viaductmake stainless steel, just north of the former airport, with access via theA631. Polestar is on the A631 in former Brinsworth, now in Sheffield (Tinsley).On the opposite side of the A631 isBetafenceUK, part of the world's main fencing manufacturer, and its second biggest plant; near the start of the A631 isTuffnells Parcel Express(owned byConnect Groupsince 2014). Nearby, Nederman UK make fume extraction equipment.Durham DuplexandHigh Speed and Carbidemake razor blades andindustrial kniveson the B6082 in Wood Hill. NearbyDavy Markham(owned byIVRCL) on the A6102 at Darnall, fabricate steel and it has one of largest engineering workshops in western Europe. In the same area isWilliam Cook Cast Products.
Eggintonmake cutlery inNetherthorpe, in theSt Vincent's Quartereast of the Shalesmoor A61 roundabout, which ownsIbberson,George Wostenholm,William Rodgers(who make theFairbairn–Sykes fighting knife), andJoseph Rodgers, the world's oldest brand of cutlery known for their pen-knives andmilitary knives.Magtec, on the B6083 inBrightsidenext to the River Don, makes diesel-electrichybrid drivesystems that can be retro-fitted to vehicles.Technicutis the UK's market leader in rotary cutting tools on the A6178 in Brightside.ArconicForgings is atCarbrookoff theA6102.Gripplemake connectors for wirefences.British Silverwareis off the A6109, in the industrial area.SCX GroupinWincobankbuilt the retractable roof for theNo. 1 Court (Wimbledon).Polestar, at Tinsley off theA631next to the M1, claim to have the most advancedgravure printingplant in Europe. Tinsley Bridge off the A631 makessuspensionspringsandtorsion bars.SIG plc(Europe's largest insulation distributor) andStanley Tools UKare at the formercity airport, with a manufacturing plant off the A631 on theHellabyIndustrial Estate next to the M18, and had a former site on the B6075 in Sheffield.Siemens VAIUK is on Sheffield Business Park near the former airport, withEVO Group, who own the Banner stationery company, andAnsys(Fluent and CFXcomputational fluid dynamicssoftware) has one of two main offices.Go Outdoors, owned byJD Sportssince 2016, are in the south of Sheffield, nearBramall Laneoff the A61; Hi Gear Products, their brand is on the Boston Street Industrial Estate.
Cadbury UK(formerly Bassett's) makeliquorice allsortsin the north of Sheffield on theA61next-door toOwlerton Stadium; it is Cadbury's Gum & Liquorice division, and also makesBelvitaandOreofor UK market.Swann Mortonis a world-leading manufacturer ofscalpelblades and medical equipment at Owlerton opposite Bassetts on the A61.Plusnet(owned byBT),learndirect(owned by Ufi Ltd),Online Centres Network, andJobcentre Plusare in the city centre. Virgin Media have a main contact centre (former Telewest) directly south of Don Valley Stadium, and next to the tram line.Spear & Jackson, thegarden toolcompany, are in the north of Sheffield.B. Braun Medicalis atHigh Green, next to theA616roundabout in Chapeltown, and Ronseal (owned bySherwin-Williams) is nearby further south on northern edge of Chapeltown.MachineWorksin Sheffield is the leading developer ofCNCsimulation on the B6069 nearSheffield Botanical Gardens.
Rosebyswere inRotherham, before 2008, andKPmake their nuts in Eastwood, to the north of the town. MTL Group, a steel fabrication company, is based off theA631inBrinsworthwho claim to have the largestpress brakein the world (made byUrsviken).Swinden Houseis home of Liberty Speciality Steels's mainSwinden Technology Centre, its main R&D centre in the UK, oppositeRotherham General Hospitalon theA618.Brinsworth Strip Mills, run by Liberty Speciality Steels (former Corus Steel Narrow Strip), is opposite the Magna museum, south of the A6178, and makes narrow strip steel. ThePrimary Millmakes steel billets and blooms –continuous castingwith anelectric arc furnacewith a melting shop, and is also known as Aldwarke Works.Thrybergh Millis east of the river off the A630, making steel bar, in a rolling mill. TheBrightbar Millis off the A6123, on the west side of the railway next to Rawmarsh, makingcoiled bar, in a rolling mill. These three sites around are known asRotherham Works.Beatson Clark(owned byNewship Group) makes glass containers off the A6123 north ofRotherham Central railway station.
Dormer ToolsUK (owned bySandvik) is on Waverley Business Park (Advanced Manufacturing Park) inCatcliffe, off the B6066 next to Morrisons.LuK UK(owned by theSchaeffler Group) makeclutchesatWales, south ofAstonnear the M1 junction 31 with theA57.Jeld-WenUK (formerBoulton & Paul) make doors on Swallownest Industrial Estate on the B6200 inAston cum Aughton.Laycastwere nearby until November 2006, based off the B6200 at Aston cum Aughton, at which steelflywheels,vibration dampersandcompacted graphite ironclutch plates were cast at its foundry.Kiveton Park Steelis on the B6059 next toKiveton Park railway station, mostly inNorth and South Anston(east of Wales).
Macalloyin Dinnington is a world-leader inthreadedtension bar. Fresh-Pak Chilled Foods, off the A633 at Waterside Park,Wombwell, make most of theegg mayonnaise(250 tonnes a week) found in British sandwiches and forsandwich fillers.Morphy RichardsandRoberts Radioare based betweenSwintonandMexborough.Maplin Electronicsis based on the former site ofManvers Main CollieryinWath-upon-Dearne, off the A6023, with the call centre ofEE(formerOrange) broadband next door. TheUK Commission for Employment and Skills(Sector Skills Councils) is nearby, next toDearne Valley College, which also looks afterInvestors in People.StelradinSwinton Bridgeis the UK's largest producer of domesticradiators, producing 2.5 million a year, and Europe's leading radiator company, based off the A6022. MGB Plastics, on the A6123 in north Rotherham on Barbot Hall Industrial Estate, are the UK's largest manufacturer ofwheelie bins, making around 1 million per year.
North-east of Barnsley is Ardagh Glass at Monk Bretton. Slightly further north is Mr Kipling at Carlton; the site wasLyons Cakes(making theirBattenberg cakes,Viennese WhirlsandSwiss rolls) before April 1995, then RHM's Manor Bakeries until 2007, and makes theirexceedingly goodfruit pies; one million chocolateyule logsare made there and it is the largestmince piefactory in the world.Jack Fulton(Frozen Value Ltd) is next to therailway, off the A637 at Darton.Wharncliffe Publishingare in Barnsley, and to the east on theA628in Oakwell,Potters Europe(formerBallotini) makeglass microspheresforroad reflectors.Galpharm International(bought byPerrigoin January 2008) andKoyo Bearingsare atDodworthnear Barnsley.BRCon the Claycliffe Industrial Estate, off the A637 in the north of Barnsley, makesrebar(steel reinforcement). Naylor Industries, off the B6096 between Wombwell andDarfieldmakeearthenwarepipes for drainage.KostalUK makesteering columnswitches andelectrical connectorsoff theA635at Highgate inGoldthorpe. On theA6195GrimethorpeBypass atLittle Houghtonis the NDC ofASOS.com, in theDearne Valley, near the former site ofHoughton Main Colliery.Lotus Professional(owned since 2012 bySCA) is off theA6102north ofOughtibridge, north-west of Sheffield, inWortley.
DFSis atAdwick le Streetnear the A1/A638junction.Crompton Lightinghave their main factory inWheatley Parkon theA630in north-east Doncaster.Uniparthave a headquarters next toWabtec, who makerailway air brakes, off theA6182nearPotteric Carrat the J3 Business Park, near VolkerRail; nearby are two Amazonfulfilment centres, with another at theDoncaster iPortin Rossington.Relate(former Marriage Guidance Council) is based off the A6182 – and on same siteVolkerRailDoncaster is next toDB Cargo UK(former EWS),Schenck ProcessUK, and Thales have a data centre next door.Webastohave their UK headquarters next to Lakeside Village, Doncaster on the A6182, and make sunroofs andair-conditioning systems.McCormick Tractorshad a tractor plant in Doncaster until 2007.Bridon International, a world-leading manufacturer of wire ropes (part ofMelrose Industries), are based at Balby Carr, off St Catherines Interchange junction 3 of the M18, andMontracon(vehicle trailers) are headquartered there, with a manufacturing site atMarket Weighton; nearby areDarfen Durafencinghave been trading for over 100 years, and are the market leader in permanent fencing.Pegler Yorkshire(owned byAalberts) are near the A630 in Balby Carr, further along from Bridon, withMSI-Quality Forgingsopposite withGlobal-MSIwho manufacturepetrol stationforecourts.Polypipe(uPVCpipes) is inEdlington. CME Sanitary Systems in Warmsworth (a former division of Polypipe, now owned byWirquinof France) makes the UK's best selling plastictoilet seatsoff the Warmsworth Interchange of the A1(M).FellowesUK (stationery) is based on West Moor Park, off West Moor Interchange junction 4 of the M18 (A630) inArmthorpe.WirquinUK (plumbing) is off the B6376 inWarmsworth.
There are 15local education authoritiesin the Yorkshire and Humber region.The schools in each authority are listed in the following –
Schools are mostly comprehensive, with somegrammar schoolsin North Yorkshire, Calderdale and Kirklees.
There are around 235,000 at the region's secondary schools, the 4th lowest for English regions. The region has the highest overalltruancyrate in England for both urban and rural areas. Inside the region for districts, Leeds has the highest rate with 6.9% persistent truants at secondary school, then Hull is second with 6.3%. Calderdale has the lowest truancy rate for unitary authorities, almost half that of Leeds, followed byNorth Lincolnshire. For districtsCravenhas the lowest rate.
The schools in Hull have often performed among the worst (on average) in England atGCSEafterKnowsleyin Merseyside. To Hull's credit, three schools in its LEA get above-average GCSE results whereas Knowsley usually has none (it managed two in 2010). Also at GCSE, schools in Barnsley and Bradford have low-achieving results with Barnsley the worst of these, and the lowest in the region in 2010. All three of these areas coincidentally have an above-averageteenage pregnancyproblem. In past years, Doncaster would be included in this group, but has managed to perform much better. For the metropolitan areas, Calderdale and Wakefield consistently perform the best, with both above the England average. Rotherham usually has the best results in South Yorkshire, but in 2010 it was Doncaster. York and North Yorkshire consistently perform the best at GCSE in the region, and with the East Riding of Yorkshire have results above the UK average.
Schoolchildren in Kingston upon Hull are most likely not to pass any GCSEs – over 6% with Bradford having a similar proportion, closely followed by Sheffield and North East Lincolnshire. The East Riding of Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire have the fewest not passing any GCSEs, followed by York.
For OFSTED inspections across England, the region has the highest proportion of schools (2.7%) with bad behaviour and the lowest proportion (16.3%) of schools with good behaviour.South West Englandhas the best behaving schoolchildren. Inside the region, Hull has the highest proportion (16.7%) of schools with bad behaviour – the worst in England (Wandsworth and Bristol come joint second) – and York schools have the highest proportion (30%) of schools with outstanding behaviour.
AtA-levelNorth Lincolnshire, Kirklees, Hull, York and North Yorkshire perform quite well with Kirklees consistently being the best by a large margin and one of the highest in England, all having results above the England average. Wakefield and Calderdale were also close to the England average. The excellent Kirklees result is due to Greenhead College in Huddersfield, and North Lincolnshire's results are due to theJohn Leggott College, also asixth form college. The districts of South Yorkshire perform the least in the area at A-level with Rotherham having the best results in this area, slightly below-average, and the other three districts achieve similar results, much lower than those in the former districts of Humberside. Leeds and Bradford now get the lowest results in West Yorkshire.
For both A-level and GCSE, Barnsley and Bradford are very low performing, with Barnsley usually getting the lowest A-level results in the region, but in 2010 North East Lincolnshire came bottom with unusually low results. Hull and northern Lincolnshire have a wide socio-economic diversity – many under-achieving pupils at 16 but with high performers at A-level. Hull, although much worse at GCSE, outperforms the East Riding of Yorkshire at A-level.
School children in North Yorkshire (with York and Kirklees) are the most likely to go to university – they also get the best A level results, and those in the East Riding of Yorkshire are likely to go to university, but get lower overall A level results.
There are twenty seven FE colleges. The main four colleges are Bradford College, East Riding College, Doncaster College, Grimsby Institute, and Hull College.
There are ten universities and three higher education colleges in Yorkshire and the Humber, along with (in 2007) 27 Further Education colleges teaching some Higher Education courses.
TheKrebs Cyclewas discovered at theUniversity of Sheffieldin 1937.Liquid crystal displayswere developed by theUniversity of Hullin 1972, in conjunction with theRoyal Radar EstablishmentinWorcestershire. Low fat spreads were developed at theUniversity of Leeds(in conjunction withUnilever) in the 1980s, and in the 1930sWilliam Astbury'sx-ray diffractionexperiments at the university started the road to the discovery of the double helix structure.
Sheffield Hallam University is the largest in the region with 37,000 students, but does not have the most funding. The University of Leeds is not too far behind. The University of York, a largecollegiate university, gets much less funding than Leeds and Sheffield, but has quite a high research grant for its size, about half that of Leeds or Sheffield. The other universities do not have large research grants. Leeds and Sheffield have around twice as much total income than any other university. York and Bradford are the two smallest universities.
The region receives various regional television programmes:
Digital switchovertook place in August 2011 for most of the region, withEmley Moor(the main TV transmitter for West, South  and North Yorkshire) converting todigitalin mid-September. Emley Moor is the tallest free-standing structure in the UK, and the 25thtallest in the world, and was designed byOve Arup. The original tower famously collapsed in March 1969.
High Hunsleytransmitter covers most of the region and overlap into other regions. Local commercial stations includeHits Radio West Yorkshire(Bradford),Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire,Hits Radio South Yorkshire(Sheffield),Heart Yorkshire(Tingley),Capital Yorkshireand 107.8 Beverley FM.
BBC Local Radioservices in the region include stations forHumberside,Leeds,Sheffield,YorkandTeeswhich servesWhitby.
National radio is broadcast fromBelmontin the south-east,Bilsdalefor North Yorkshire, andHolme Mossfor South and West Yorkshire.Moorside Edgeeast ofScammonden Waternear the M62 is a main5 Livetransmitter on 909 MW.
Polestar Petty in central Leeds, withweb offset, for many years printedTVTimes,Radio Times, and many colour supplements, including theDaily Mailweekend magazine, but closed in December 2014.
Local newspapers are theBradford Telegraph and Argus,Evening Courier,Grimsby Telegraph,Huddersfield Examiner,Hull Daily Mail,The Scarborough News,Scunthorpe Telegraph,Sheffield Star,The Press (York),Wakefield Express,Yorkshire Evening PostandYorkshire Post.
RR Donnelley UK DirectoryofFlaxbyMoor, printed theYellow Pages, until the site closed at the end of 2015. Polestar Chantry, off the A650 on the Wakefield 41 estate, printsMarie Claire,Good Housekeeping,Woman's Weekly,Real Life,BBC Good Food,BBC Gardeners' World,Prima,Woman & Home,Red, andCountry Life. Polestar Sheffield prints theTelegraphmagazine, andHello!.