South Dakota

South DakotasīBí-koktiong-se-pō͘ ê chi̍t-êchiu, jîn-kháu tāi-iok ū 781,919, pâi-miâ tē 46. I êsiú-húsīPierre, siāng-tōa ê siâⁿ-chhī sīSioux Falls.
South Dakota ūi tī leh Bí-kok tiong-pak-pêng, chiàuBí-kok Phó͘-cha Kio̍kkoàn-sì sī hun tīTiong-sai-pō͘(Midwest); lēng-gōa i mā sǹg tīTōa Pêng-goântē-khu.
Chiu lāi siōng koân ê soaⁿ sīHarney Peak, ū 2,207 m koân, nā siōng kē ê tē-tiám sī tīBig Stong Ô͘sì-ûi, koân 294 m. Kui chiu chóng biān-chek ū 188,730 km, choân-kok pâi 17-miâ.
Tī pún chiu pak-pêng sīNorth Dakota, lâm-pêng sīNebraska, tang-pêng sīIowakapMinnesota, sai-pêng ūWyomingkapMontana. Bí-kok ê tē-lí tiong-sim (hâmHawaiikapAlaskalâi sǹg), sī tīButte KūnêBelle Fourche.
Tōa-pō͘-hūn South Dakota lóng sī ūn-tāi ê chháu-goân seng-bu̍t-siōng. Tōa-pō͘-hūn thó͘-tē sī chháu-po͘ he̍k-chiá chok-bu̍t, nā óa hô-piⁿ, ū 1 kóa nâ-á tē. Pún chiu chú-iàu ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t ūbison(1 lūi iá-gû),lo̍k-á,pronghorn(chap-kīn lo̍k ê tōng-bu̍t),Coyote(1 khóan lông) koh ūchháu-po͘-káu(prairie dog, beh sêng phòng-chhí ê tōng-bu̍t) téng-téng.
Siū koân-tō͘ chhāmkàng-chúiéng-hióng,Black Hillskap pêng-goân tē-khu khah bô-kâng.
Siāng chá South Dakota tùi tāi-khài chêng 5000 nî chiō ū lâng khiā-khí. Kong-goân 500 kàu 800 nî kan, tōa-hūn tang-pō͘ ê South Dakota tòa chi̍t kûn kiòThô͘-tun Chō-chok-chiá(Mound Builders) ê bûn-hòa. In ū tun thô͘-tun ê koàn-sì, chi̍t pō͘-hūn tī oa̍hBig Siou HôkapBig Stone Ô͘hū-kīn, tī khah tang-pō mā ū in ê ûi-chek.
Kàu 1250 nî kap 1400 nî tiong-ng, khó-lêng sī kin-á-ji̍tNorth DakotaMandanpō͘-lo̍k ê chó͘-sian, lâi kàu South Dakota oa̍h-tāng. Tī 1325 nî, kun-kù khó-kó͘ chèng-kù, tīChamberlainsiâⁿ hū-kīn hoat-sengCrow Creek Chám-àn(Crow Creek Massacre), ū 486-ê kut-hâi hong hoat-kìⁿ.
16 sè-kí sî, lâm-pō͘ lâi liáuArikarapō͘-lo̍k, kap hū-kīn cho̍k-kûn pí--khì-lâi, in khiā-khí ê só͘-chāi khah kò͘-tēng-ūi, tû-liáu phah-la̍h ū choh-sit, lēng-goa mā kap gōa-pō͘ ū seng-lí koan-hē. In-ê kok chng-thâu ū chū-chú ê chèng-tī. Kàu17 sè-kí, Arikara ê sè-le̍k lâi kàu siōng kiông ê sî-tāi, m̄-koh kòe liáu 18 sè-kí, in í-keng ha̍p ji̍p pak-pêng ê Mandan lâng.
Kàu19 sè-kíê sî, chú-iàu chi-phòe pún tē-khu ê cho̍k-kûn piàn chòSiouxcho̍k ê lâng.1803 nî, Bí-kok hiòngHoat-koksiu-bé liáu Louisiana léng-thó͘, lāi-bīn pau-koat tōa-hūn kin-á-ji̍t ê South Dakota. Liáu-āu, chóng-thóngThomas Jeffersonphài chhutLewis kap Clark thám-hiám-tūi(Lewis and Clark Expedition) khí thàm-chhâ sin léng-thó͘.
1817 nî, Bí-kok-lâng tī kin-á-ji̍tFort Pierrekhai-siat mô͘-phôe kau-e̍k-chām. Kàu 1850 nî-tāi, Bí-kok kap Au-chiu tùi chit ūi ê khai-hoat khoài-sok chin-ka. 1958 nî,Dakota-lângtiong êYankton Siouxpō͘-lo̍k chiam-iok, kā tōa-hūn kin-á-ji̍t ê South Dakota koah hō͘ Bí-kok.
Khai-hoat thó͘-tē ê seng-lí-lâng kiàn-li̍p liáu kin-á-ji̍t South Dakota tang-pêng ê nn̄g tōa tō͘-chī, iah chio̍h sī 1856 nî êSioux Fallskap 1859 nî êYankton. 1861 nî sî,Dakota Léng-thó͘(Dakota Territory) sêng-li̍p, pau-koat hiān-sî North Dakota kap South Dakota, koh ū chi̍t pō͘-hūn êMontanakapWyoming. Liáu-āu, iû-kî kòe 1873 nî thin-lō͘ liân thàng kah Yankton, tùi Bí-kok tang-pō͘ kap Au-chiu ê î-bîn chin-ka khoài-kín.
1868 nî, Bí-kok chhiam-liáuLaramie Tiâu-iok(Treaty of Laramie), kā South Dakota se pòaⁿ pêng pun hō͘ Sioux lâng. M̄-koh 1874 nî,George A. Custerchhōa-tūi thàm-chhâ ê sî, tīBlack Hillshoat-kiànn̂g-kim, chō-sêng chin chē hui-hoat chhái-ku̍t ê lâng nǹg ji̍p pún-tē. Āu-bóe Sioux kap Bí-kok hoat-seng chiàn-cheng jî-chhiá Bí-kok chiàn iâⁿ. Kiat-kó Sioux lâng êTōa Sioux Pó-liû-khu(Great Sioux Reservation) hong thiah chò 5 hūn, koh kāLakotalâng sóa lâi chia.
1889 nî11 goe̍h chhe 2, chóng-thóngBenjamin Harrisonchhiam-sú kong-kò, chiap-siū Dakota hun chò South kapNorth Dakotaka-ji̍p liân-pang.
1890 nî 12 goe̍h,Pine Ridge Indian Pó-liû-khu(Pine Ridge Indian Reservation) hoat-sengWounded Knee Chhám-àn(Wounded Knee Massacre), sī Bí-kok kap Lakota Sioux Kok (Lakota Sioux Nation) ê chhiong-tu̍t, chō-sêng gín-á chāi-lāi siōng-bô 146-ê lâng sí, Bí-kok kun-jîn mā ū 31 lâng chiàn-sí.
1930 nî-tāi, keng-chè ê bái kéng-khì kap khì-hāu put-sūn tùi South Dakota chō-sêng put-sió ê siong-hāi. Chit tōaⁿ khiàm hō͘-chúi koh ūn-tō͘ kòe koân ê chai-hāi hong kiò chòThàu Tîn-bū(Dust Bowl), chhim-hāi liáu pún chiu kap hū-kīn só͘-chāi. Āu-bóe koh tú tio̍hTōa Siau-tiâu, chō-sêng jîn-kháu chhut-cháu, tùi 1930 nî kàu 1940 nî kan kàng liáu 7%.
1941 nî, Bí-kok ka-ji̍pJī-chhù Tāi-chiàn, soah hō͘ keng-chè khoe-ho̍k ún-tēng, hit tong-sî lông-sán kap kang-sán lóng siū chiàn-cheng tōng-goân. 1944 nî, in thong-kòePick–Sloan Kè-ōe(Pick–Sloan Plan), sī Bí-kok tong-nîTōa-chúi Khòng-chè Hoat-àn(Flood Control Act) kî-tiong chi̍t hāng. Kè-ōe tīMissouri Hôténg kiàn-siat 6-chōchúi-pà, kî-tiong 4-chō sǹg sī siat tī South Dakota chiu lāi.
Tùi 1960 nî khai-siat khòa-chiu ê kong-lō͘ liáu-āu, South Dakota hoat-tián liáu koan-kong-gia̍p. Kim-iông ho̍k-bū mā khai-sí khí-heng, pí-lūnCitibanktī 1981 nî kā insìn-iōng-khápō͘-mn̂g lâiSioux Falls.
South Dakota tī 2014 nî êGDPsī 45,867 pa̍h-bān bí-kim.Hiān-sî pún chiu siōng tōa ê keng-chè lūi-hêng sīho̍k-bū-gia̍p, pau-koatsió-bē,kim-hiôngkapkhiān-khong chiàu-kò͘téng-téng. Bí-kok ê tōa gîn-hângCitibanktī 1981 nî ùi chia siat-liáu choân-kok-sèng tāi-chì chhú-lí ê pō͘-mn̂g.
Lông-gia̍p khah-chá chio̍h sī chia ê chú-iàu sán-gia̍p, kàu kin-á-ji̍t óa-ná tùi keng-chè chin ū kòng-hiān. In siōng ū kè-ta̍t ê lông-sán-phín ūgû-á,ti-á,hoan-be̍h,tōa-tāu,tōa-be̍h.
Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sīkiān-khong chiàu-kò͘kapsiā-hōe hû-chō͘(health care and social assistance) sán-gia̍p.