Guangxi

Guangxi,officially theGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is anautonomous regionof thePeople's Republic of China, located inSouth Chinaand borderingVietnam(Hà Giang,Cao Bằng,Lạng Sơn, andQuảng Ninh Provinces) and theGulf of Tonkin. Formerly aprovince, Guangxi became an autonomous region in 1958. Its current capital isNanning.
Guangxi's location, in mountainous terrain in the far south of China, has placed it on the frontier of Chinese civilization throughout much ofChinese history. The current name "Guang" means "expanse" and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in 226 AD. It was givenprovincial level statusduring theYuan dynasty, but even into the 20th century, it was considered an open, wild territory. The abbreviation of the region is "桂" (Hanyu pinyin:Guì; Zhuang:Gvei), which comes from the name of the city ofGuilin, the provincial capital during both theMing dynastyand theQing dynasty.
Guangxi contains the largest population of China's ethnic minorities afterYunnan, in particular, theZhuang people, who make up 34% of the population. Various regional languages and dialects such asPinghua,Zhuang,Kam,Cantonese,Hakka, andMinare spoken alongsideMandarin Chinese.
"Guǎng" (simplified Chinese:广;traditional Chinese:廣) means 'expanse' or 'vast', and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226.Guangxi and neighboringGuangdongliterally mean 'expanse west' and 'expanse east'. Together, Guangxi and Guangdong are calledLiangguang(Liangkwang;traditional Chinese:兩廣;simplified Chinese:两广;pinyin:liǎng guǎng;Cantonese Yale:léuhng gwóng;lit.'Two Expanses',Vietnamese:Lưỡng Quảng). During theSong dynasty, the Two Guangs were formally separated asGuǎngnán Xīlù(廣南西路;广南西路; 'vast south west region') andGuǎngnán Dōnglù(廣南東路;广南东路; 'vast south east region'), which became abbreviated asGuǎngxī Lù(廣西路;广西路) andGuǎngdōng Lù(廣東路;广东路).
Guangxi was also previously spelled asKwangsiinpostalandWade–Gilesromanizations. The spelling of the province was replaced by the pinyin spelling ofGuangxiin 1958 and has been widely used internationally after 1986.The official name was also known asKwangsi Chuang Autonomous Regionin a number of Western publications outside of China published in the 1950s to 1970s.
Originally inhabited by a mixture of tribal groups known to the Chinese as theBaiyue("Hundred Yue",Vietnamese:Bách Việt), the region first became part of China during theQin dynasty. In 214 BC, theHan ChinesegeneralZhao Tuo(Vietnamese:Triệu Đà) claimed most of southern China forQin Shi Huangbefore the emperor's death. The ensuing civil war permitted Zhao to establish a separate kingdom atPanyuknown asNanyue("Southern Yue"). Alternatively submissive to and independent ofHan dynastycontrol, Southern Yue expanded colonization andsinicizationunder its policy of "Harmonizing and Gathering the Hundred Yue" (和集百越) untilits collapse in 111 BCduring thesouthward expansion of the Han dynasty.
The name "Guangxi" can be traced to the "Expansive" or "Wide" province (廣州) of theEastern Wu, which controlled southeastern China during theThree Kingdomsperiod.Guilinformed one of its commanderies.
Under theTang dynasty, the Zhuang moved to supportPiluoge's kingdom ofNanzhaoinYunnan, which successfully repulsed imperial armies in 751 and 754. Guangxi was then divided into an area of Zhuang ascendancy west of Nanning and an area of Han ascendancy east of Nanning.
After the collapse of the Southern Zhao,Liu Yanestablished theSouthern Han(Nanhan) in Xingwangfu (modernGuangdong). Although this state gained minimal control over Guangxi, it was plagued by instability and annexed by theSong dynastyin 971. The name "Guangxi" itself can be traced to the Song, who administered the area as the Guangnanxi ("West Southern Expanse")Circuit. Harassed by both Song and theJiaozhiin modernVietnam, the Zhuang leaderNong Zhigaoled a revolt in 1052 for which he is still remembered by the Zhuang people. His independent kingdom was short-lived, however, and the tattooed Song generalDi Qingreturned Guangxi to China.
TheYuan dynastyestablished control over Yunnan during its conquest of theDali Kingdomin 1253 and eliminated theSouthern Songfollowing theBattle of Yamenin 1279. Rather than rulingLingnanas a subject territory or military district, the Mongolians then established Guangxi ("Western Expanse") as a proper province. The area nonetheless continued to be unruly, leading theMing dynastyto employ the different local groups against one another. At theBattle of Big Rattan Gorgebetween the Zhuang and theYaoin 1465, 20,000 deaths were reported.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, parts of Guangxi were ruled by the powerfulCen(岑) clan. The Cen were of Zhuang ethnicity and were recognized astusior local rulers by the Chinese emperors.
TheQing dynastyleft the region alone until the imposition of direct rule in 1726, but the 19th century was one of constant unrest. AYaorevolt in 1831 was followed by theJintian Uprising, the beginning of theTaiping Rebellion, in January 1851 and theDa Cheng Rebellionin April 1854. The execution of St.Auguste Chapdelaineby local officials in Guangxi provoked theSecond Opium Warin 1858 and the legalization of foreign interference in the interior. AlthoughLouis Brière de l'Islewas unable to invade its depot atLongzhou, theGuangxi Armysaw a great deal of action in the 1884Sino-French War. Largely ineffective within Vietnam, it was still able to repulse the French from China itself at theBattle of Zhennan Pass(modernFriendship Pass) on 23 March 1885.
Following theWuchang Uprising, Guangxi seceded from the Qing Empire on 6 November 1911. The Qing governor,Shen Bingdan, initially remained in place but was subsequently removed by a mutiny commanded by GeneralLu Rongting. General Lu'sOld Guangxi cliqueoverranHunanandGuangdongas well and helped lead theNational Protection WaragainstYuan Shikai's attempt to re-establish an imperial government. Zhuang's loyalty made hisSelf-Government Armycohesive but reluctant to move far beyond its own provinces. Subsequent feuding withSun Yat-senled to defeat in the 1920 and 1921Guangdong–Guangxi War. After a brief occupation byChen Jiongming's Cantonese forces, Guangxi fell into disunity and profound banditry for several yearsuntilLi Zongren'sGuangxi Pacification Armyestablished theNew Guangxi cliquedominated by Li,Huang Shaohong, andBai Chongxi.
Successful action in Hunan againstWu Peifuled to the Zhuang GPA becoming known as the "Flying Army" and the "Army of Steel". After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Li also repulsedTang Jiyao'srevoltand joined theNorthern Expeditionestablishing control over other warlords by theRepublic of China. His was one of the fewKuomintangunits free from seriousChinese Communist Party(CCP) influence and was therefore employed byChiang Kai-shekfor theShanghai massacre of 1927. Within the People's Republic of China, Guangxi is also noted for theBaise Uprising, a failed CCP revolt led byChen ZhaoliandDeng Xiaopingin 1929.
In 1937, theGuangxi Women's Battalionwas founded as a response toSoong Mei-ling's appeal for women to support theSino-Japanese War.Reports on the size of the battalion vary from 130 students,to 500,to 800.
Being in the far south, Guangxi did not fall during theChinese Civil War, but joined the People's Republic in December 1949, two months after its founding.
In 1952, a small section of Guangdong's coastline (Qinzhou,  Lianzhou (nowHepu County),FangchenggangandBeihai) was given to Guangxi, giving it access to the sea. This was reversed in 1955, and then restored in 1965.
TheGuangxi Massacre, during theCultural Revolution, involved the killing of 100,000 to 150,000 in the region in 1967 and 1968.
While some development ofheavy industryoccurred in the 1960s and 1970s, the region remained largely a scenic tourist destination.Even the economic growth of the 1990s seemed to leave Guangxi behind. However, in recent years, there has been a growing amount of industrialization and increasing concentration on cash crops. Per capita GDP has risen as industries in Guangdong transfer production to comparatively lower-wage areas in Guangxi.
During the1979 Sino-Vietnamese War, Guangxi communities were important to the Chinese war effort.They supplied logistical support to thePeople's Liberation Army, including food and housing.Militiamembers from Guangxi performed tasks including building roads, bridges, trenches, other logistical efforts, and caring for the wounded.
Located in the southern part of the country, Guangxi is bordered byYunnanto the west,Guizhouto the north,Hunanto the northeast, andGuangdongto the east and southeast.It is also bordered byVietnamin the southwest and theGulf of Tonkinin the south.Its proximity to Guangdong is reflected in its name, with "Guang" (simplified Chinese:广;traditional Chinese:廣;pinyin:Guǎng) being used in both names.
Large portions of Guangxi are hilly and mountainous.The northwest portion of Guangxi includes part of theYunnan-Guizhou Plateau,theJiuwan Mountainsand theFenghuang Mountainsboth run through the north,theNanling Mountainsform the region's north-east border,and theYuechengandHaiyang Mountainsboth branch from the Nanling Mountains.Also in the north are theDuyao Mountains.TheDuyang Mountainsrun through the west of Guangxi.Near the center of the region are theDa YaoandDa Ming Mountains.On the southeastern border are theYunkai Mountains.Guangxi's highest point isKitten Mountain, in the Yuecheng Mountains, at 2,141 metres (7,024 ft).
Karst landforms,characterized by steep mountains and large caverns,are common in Guangxi, accounting for 37.8 percent of its total land area.
Guangxi is also home to several river systems, which flow into several different bodies of water: theQin Riverand theNanliu Riverboth flow into the Gulf of Tonkin, several tributary rivers flow into the largerXiang Riverin neighbouring Hunan province, and theXi Riversystem flows southeast through the autonomous region into theSouth China Sea.
Along the border with Vietnam there is theBan Gioc–Detian waterfall(pinyin:Dé Tiān Pùbù), which separates the two countries.
About one-quarter of Guangxi's area is forested.
Major cities in Guangxi includeNanning,Liuzhou,Guilin, andBeihai. Notable towns includeLongmen[zh],Sanjiang, andYangshuo.TheXi Riversystem provides waterways which connect to thePearl River Delta. Important seaports along Guangxi's short coastline on theGulf of TonkinincludeBeihai,Qinzhou, andFangchenggang.Pinglu Canalwas constructed to connect Xi River system and coastal Guangxi.
Guangxi has asubtropicalclimate.Summers are generally long, hot, and humid, lasting from April to October.Winters are mild, and snow is rare.The autonomous region's average annual temperature ranges from 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) to 23.5 °C (74.3 °F),with January temperatures typically ranging from 4 °C (39 °F) to 16 °C (61 °F),and July temperatures typically ranging from 27 °C (81 °F) to 32 °C (90 °F).
Due to frequent rain-bearingmonsoonwinds, average annual precipitation is quite high in Guangxi, ranging from 1,080 millimetres (43 in) in drier zones to 1,730 millimetres (68 in) in wetter zones.The region also experiences monsoons, blowing from south-southwest from late April to the beginning of October.Most of the precipitation occurs between May and August.Microburstscan also occasionally occur in the extreme south of the region, from July to September.This is caused bytyphoonsblowing from theSouth China Sea.
Guangxi is divided into fourteenprefecture-level divisions: allprefecture-level cities:
These 14 prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 111county-level divisions(41districts, 10county-level cities, 48counties, and 12autonomous counties). At the year-end of 2021, the total population is 48.85 million.
TheHan Chineseare the largest ethnic group in Guangxi. Han Chinese populations in Guangxi largely live along the autonomous region's southern coast and eastern portions.Of these, the main subgroups are those that speakYueandSouthwestern Mandarinvarieties ofChinese. Qinzhou and Goulou Yue are spoken in the southern and eastern regions, respectively.Pinghuais spoken in Nanning and Guilin. There are Hakka-speaking regions inLuchuan County,Bobai Countyand in some areas bordering Vietnam.
Guangxi has over 16 millionZhuangs, the largest minority ethnicity in China. Over 90 percent of Zhuang in China live in Guangxi, especially in the central and western regions. High concentrations of Zhuang people can be found inNanning,Liuzhou,Chongzuo,Baise,Hechi, andLaibin.The highest concentration of ethnic Zhuang people is found in thecounty-level cityofJingxi, with a 2021 publication by the People's Government of Guangxi stating that Jingxi's population is 99.7% Zhuang.
The autonomous region also has sizable populations of indigenousYao,Miao,Kam,Mulam,Maonan,Hui,Bouyei,Gin,Yi,SuiandGelaopeoples.Otherethnic minoritiesin Guangxi include theManchu,Mongol,Korean,Tibetan,Hlai, andTujiapeople.
The predominant religions in Guangxi among theHan ChineseareChinese folk religions,Taoist traditionsandChinese Buddhism. The largeZhuangpopulation mostly practices theZhuang folk religioncentered around the worship of their ancestral godBuluotuo(布洛陀). According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 40.48% of the population believes and is involved inancestor veneration, while 0.26% of the population identifies as Christian.
The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 59.26% of the population may be either irreligious or involved inworship of nature deities, Buddhism,Confucianism, Taoism,folk religious sects. TheYao, another numerous ethnic group inhabiting the province, mostly practices a form ofindigenised and conservative Taoism.
Today, there are 21mosquesin GuangxiThis may include:
Important crops in Guangxi includerice,maizeandsweet potatoes. Cash crops includesugar cane,peanuts,tobacco, andkenaf.
85 percent of the world'sstar aniseis grown in Guangxi. It is a major ingredient in the antiviraloseltamivir.
Guangxi is one of China's key production centers for nonferrous metals. The region holds approximately 1/3 of alltinandmanganesedeposits in China.
Liuzhou is the main industrial center and a major motor vehicle manufacturing center.General Motorshave a manufacturing base here in a joint venture asSAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. The city also has a large steel factory and several related industries.  The local government of Guangxi hopes to expand the region's manufacturing sector, and during the drafting of China's Five Year Plan in 2011, earmarked 2.6 trillion RMB for investment in the region's Beibu Gulf Economic Zone(See Below).
In recent years Guangxi's economy has languished behind that of its wealthy neighbor and twin,Guangdong. Guangxi's 2017nominal GDPwas about 2039.63 billion yuan (US$302.09 billion) and ranked 17th in China. Itsper capita GDPwas 38,102 yuan (US$5,770).
Due to its lack of a major manufacturing industry in comparison to other provincial-level regions, Guangxi is the fourth most energy efficient provincial-level region in China, helping to further boost its green image.
As the only coastal region in China with close proximity toSoutheast Asia, Guangxi holds a strategic position in China's trade with theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN).
Approved by the State Council, Beihai Export Processing Zone (BHEPZ) was established in March 2003. Total planned area is 1.454 square kilometres (0.561 sq mi). The first phase of the developed area is 1.135 square kilometres (0.438 sq mi). It was verified and accepted by the Customs General Administration and eight ministries of the state, on 26 December 2003. It is the Export Processing Zone nearest to ASEAN in China and also the only one bordering the sea in western China. It is situated next to Beihai Port.
Guilin Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in May 1988. In 1991, it was approved as a national-level industrial zone. It has an area of 12.07 square kilometres (4.66 sq mi). Encouraged industries include electronic information, biomedical, new materials, and environmental protection.
Established in 1992, Nanning Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved to be a national-level zone in May 2001. Its total planned area of 10.796 square kilometres (4.168 sq mi). It is located in the south of Nanning. It has become the new developing zone with fine chemical engineering, auto parts, aluminum processing, biological medicine and other industries.
Nanning Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1988 and was approved as a national-level industrial zone in 1992. The zone has a planned area of 43.7 square kilometres (16.9 sq mi), and it encourages industries that do electronic information, bioengineering and pharmaceutical, mechanical and electrical integration, and the new materials industry.
In 1992, Pinxiang Border Economic Cooperation Zone was established. It has a total area of 7.2 square kilometres (2.8 sq mi). It focuses on the development of hardware mechanical and electrical products, daily-use chemical processing, services, and the international logistics-based storage and information industry.
Seventy-one Taiwanese ventures started up in Guangxi in 2007, with contracts bringing up to US$149 million of investment, while gross exports surpassed US$1 billion. There are a total of 1182 Taiwan ventures in Guangxi, and by the end of 2006, they have brought a total of US$4.27 billion of investment into the autonomous region. During the first half of 2007, 43 projects worthy of RMB2.6 billion (US$342 million) have already been contracted between Guangxi and Taiwan investors. Cooperation between Guangxi and Taiwan companies mainly relates to manufacturing, high-tech electronic industries, agriculture, energy resources, and tourism.
Guangxi Power Grid invested 180 million yuan in 2007 in projects to bring power to areas that still lacked access toelectricity. The areas affected includeNanning,Hechi,BoseandGuigang. Around 125,000 people have gained access to electricity. The money has been used to build or alter 738 10-kilovolt distribution units with a total length of wire reaching 1,831.8 kilometers.
Due to a lack of investment in construction in thepower gridnet in rural areas, more than 400 villages in Guangxi Province were not included in the projects. Around 500,000 cannot participate in the policy known as "The Same Grid, the Same Price". Guangxi Power Grid will invest 4.6 billion yuan in improving the power grid during the 11th Five Year Plan.
Guangxi Power Grid invested 2.5 billion yuan in building an electric power system in the first half of 2007. Of the total investment, 2.3 billion yuan has been put into the project of the main power grid. So far, four new transformer substations in Guangxi are in various stages of completion. Wenfu substation went into operation in the city of Hechi in January 2007, and since then it has become a major hub of the electrical power system of the surrounding three counties. When the Cangwu substation was completed, it doubled the local transformer capacity. In June 2007, the new substation in Chongzuo passed its operation tests. And in the same month, Qiulong commenced production too. This shall support the power supply system ofQiulongCity, as well as the northern part of the Guangxi region, and facilitate the nationwide project to transmit power from west to east.
In late February 2008, the central government approved China's first international and regional economic cooperation zone in Guangxi. The construction of theBeibu Gulf Economic Zonebegan in 2006. With the approval, the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone will be formally incorporated into national development strategies.
The Beibu Gulf Economic Zone covers six coastal cities along theBeibu Gulf. It integrates the cities ofNanning, the region's capital,Beihai,Qinzhou,Fangchenggang,ChongzuoandYulin. The state will adopt policies and measures to support mechanism innovation, rational industry layout, and infrastructure construction in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone.
Guangxi has pledged a 100 billion yuan (US$14 billion) investment over the next five yearsfor building and repairing 2,500 km (1,600 mi) railways to form a network hub in the area. Beibu Gulf Zone will serve as thelogisticsbase, business base, processing and manufacturing base, and information exchange center for China-ASEANcooperation. Beibu Gulf Zone promises broad prospects for further development and its growth potential is rapidly released. But the shortage of talent and professionals inpetrochemicals,ironandsteel,electricity,finance,tourism,port planning, logistics andmarineindustries are bottlenecks.
The regional government is also working on speeding up key cooperation projects includingtransportation, the marine industry, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy development, cross-border tourism, and environmental protection. Beibu Gulf has already attracted several major projects such as Qinzhouoil refineryprojects andStora Enso, aFortune 500forest products company based inFinland. In January 2008 trade import and export in the Beibu Gulf zone exceeded US$1.3 billion, a record high.
In September 2007, China'sMinistry of Commercesaid that it has found 120 million tons of newbauxitereserves in Guangxi. The ministry said that the new reserves, which are located inChongzhouin the southern region ofYoujiang, have very high-quality bauxite, a raw material for makingaluminum. Currently, the proven reserves of bauxite in Guangxi are about 1 billion tons, making the province one of the country's biggest bauxite sources.
TheHunan–Guangxi Railway (Xianggui Line), which bisects the autonomous region diagonally fromQuanzhouin the northeast on the border withHunantoPingxiangin the southwest on the border withVietnam, passes through Guangxi's three principal cities,Nanning,LiuzhouandGuilin.  Most other railways in Guangxi are connected to the Xianggui Line.
From Nanning, theNanning–Kunming Railwayheads west throughBaisetoKunming,Yunnanand the Nanning–Fangchenggang Railway runs south toQinzhou,FangchenggangandBeihaion the coast.  From Liuzhou, theGuizhou–Guangxi Railwayextends northwestward throughHechitoGuizhouand theJiaozuo–Liuzhou Railwayruns due north toHunan, and eventuallyHubeiandHenanincentral China.  FromLitang Townshipon the Xianggui Line between Nanning and Liuzhou, theLitang–Qinzhou Railwayruns south toQinzhouon the coast and theLitang–Zhanjiang Railway (Lizhan Line)extends southeastward throughGuigangandYulintoZhanjiang,Guangdong.
TheLuoyang–Zhanjiang Railway (Luozhan Line), which intersects with the Xianggui Line on the Hunan side of the border atYongzhou, runs south throughHezhouandWuzhouin eastern Guangxi and joins the Lizhan Line at Yulin.  AtCenxi, a branch of the Luozhan Line heads east toMaoming, Guangdong, forming a second rail outlet from Guangxi to Guangdong.
Guangxi has 7 airports in different cities: Nanning, Guilin, Beihai, Liuzhou, Wuzhou, Baise, and Hechi.
"Guangxi" and neighbouringGuangdongliterally mean "Western Expanse" and "Eastern Expanse". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called the "Two Expanses" (simplified Chinese:两广; traditional Chinese:兩廣; pinyin:Liǎngguǎng).
Its culture and language are reflected in this. Though now associated with theZhuangethnic minority, Guangxi's culture traditionally has had a close connection with Cantonese. Cantonese culture and language followed the Xi River valley from Guangdong and are still predominant in the eastern half of Guangxi today. Outside of this area, there is a huge variety of ethnicities and language groups represented.
Guangxi is known for its ethnolinguistic diversity. In the capital ofNanning, for example, three varieties of Chinese are spoken locally:Southwestern Mandarin,Yue(specificallyCantonese), andPinghua, in addition to variousZhuang languagesand others.
Guangxi cuisine is known asChinese:桂菜;pinyin:guìcàihowever it is not as affluent as its more known neighbours likeSichuan,HunanorGuangdong. Much of Guangxi's local cuisine is centered around the cuisine of its ethnic minorities. This includes the more well knownLuosifen soup,Chinese:桂林米粉;pinyin:guìlín mǐfěnand a variety of pickled dishes.
Guangxi is highly linguistically diverse. Aside fromChinese languagessuch asGuiliu Mandarin[zh] andYue Chinese, Guangxi is also home to significantZhuang,Kam,Mulam,Maonan,Hmong,Mien,Bunu,Lajia,Sui,Gelao,Nuosu, andVietnamese(Kinh) speaking populations.
Significant populations of almost all top-levelChinese languagefamilies can be found in Guangxi.
11.6 millionYue Chinesespeakers live in Guangxi, with the majority of them speaking eitherGoulou(6.8 million) orYongxun(4.7 million) varieties. Smaller populations ofGuangfu(720 thousand) andQinlian(3.9 million) speakers can also be found, primarily distributed along thePearl Riverand the southern coast of the province respectively.
Of the 5.4 milliondialectal Mandarinspeakers who call Guangxi home, 5.2 million speakGuiliu Mandarin, a subgroup ofSouthwestern Mandarin. Smaller populations speak varieties closely related to that of southernGuizhou(265 thousand) andYunnan(123 thousand). These speakers of dialectal Mandarin are primarily distributed in the north and west of the province, in prefectures such asGuilinandLiuzhou.
Populations of what is typically calledPinghuacan also be found. 1.8 million speakNorthern Pinghua, and 2.4 million speakSouthern Pinghua; the latter of which is more closely related to Yue. There is also around 1.3 millionXiang Chinesespeakers, primarily found in and aroundQuanzhoucounty, and 140 thousandMin Chinesespeakers.
Almost all counties in Guangxi have multiple varieties of Chinese natively spoken.
The major tourist attraction of Guangxi isGuilin, a city famed across China and the world for its spectacular setting by theLi Jiang(Li River) amongkarstpeaks. It also used to be the capital of Guangxi andJingjiang Princes' City, the old princes' residence, is open to the public. South of Guilin down the river is the town ofYangshuo, which has become a favourite destination for foreign tourists.
The variety of visible cultures in Guangxi, such as theZhuangandDong, are also a draw for tourists. The northern part of the region, borderingGuizhou, is home to theLongsheng Rice Terraces, some of the steepest in the world. Nearby isSanjiang Dong Autonomous County.
Many Chinese tourists visiting Nanning also visitBan Gioc–Detian Fallson the China-Vietnam border.
23°36′N108°18′E﻿ / ﻿23.6°N 108.3°E﻿ /23.6; 108.3