Latin American cuisine

Latin American cuisineis the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures inLatin America. Latin America is a highly racially, ethnically, and geographically diverse with varying cuisines. Some items typical of Latin American cuisine includemaize-based dishesarepas,empanadas,pupusas,tacos,tamales,tortillasand varioussalsasand other condiments (guacamole,pico de gallo,mole,chimichurri,chili,aji,pebre).Sofrito, a culinary term that originally referred to a specific combination of sautéed or braised aromatics, exists in Latin American cuisine. It refers to a sauce of tomatoes, roasted bell peppers, garlic, onions and herbs. Rice, corn, pasta, bread, plantain, potato, yucca, and beans are also staples in Latin American cuisine.
Latin American beverages are just as distinct as their foods. Some of the beverages predate colonization. Some popular beverages includecoffee,mate,guayusa,hibiscus tea,horchata,chicha,atole,cacaoandaguas frescas.
Latin American desserts are as rich and diverse as the region’s culinary heritage. They often feature tropical fruits, creamy textures, and the sweetness of ingredients like sugar, condensed milk, and caramel. Many desserts reflect a blend of Indigenous, European, and African influences. They includedulce de leche,alfajor,rice pudding,tres leches cake,teja,beijinho, andflan,Churros.
Information about Amerindian cuisine comes from a great variety of sources. Modern-day Native peoples retain a rich body of traditional foods, some of which have become iconic of present-day Native social gatherings (for example,frybread). Foods likecornbreadare known to have been adopted into the cuisine of the United States from Native American groups. In other cases, documents from the early periods of contact with European, African, and Asian peoples allow the recovery of food practices which passed out of popularity in the historic period (for example,black drink).Archaeologicaltechniques, particularly in the subdisciplines ofzooarchaeologyandpaleoethnobotany, have allowed for the understanding of other culinary practices or preferred foods which did not survive into the written historic record. The main crops Indigenous Amerindians used in Mexico and Central America were corn and beans, which are used in contemporary dishes such aspupusas,tamales,pozole, chuchitos, andcorn tortillas. The main Indigenous Amerindian crops used by Natives of South America were potatoes, corn andchuño, used mainly in modern-day Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Chilean, Bolivian and Paraguayan dishes such asarepas,papa a la huancaína,humitas,chipa guasu,locroand many more.
Europeans brought their culinary traditions, but quickly adapted several of the fruits and vegetables native to the Americas into their own cuisines. Europe itself has been influenced by other cultures, such as with theal-andalusin Spain, and thus their food was already a mix of their world. The European influence for many Latin American cuisine mainly comes fromSpain,Portugal,Italy, and to a lesser extentFrance, although some influences from cuisines as diverse as British, German and Eastern European are also evident in some countries' cuisines such as Argentina and Uruguay, which have Italian cuisine as a main influence, with great Spanish, British, German, Russian, French, Jewish, Armenian and Eastern European influence as well.
Africans brought and preserved many of their traditions and cooking techniques. They were often given less desired cuts of meat, including shoulder and intestines.Menudo,Mondongo,Chunchullofor example, was derived from the habit of the Spaniards of giving the slaves cow's intestines. Enslaved Africans developed a way to clean theoffaland season it to taste. African slaves in the southern United States did the same thing with pig's intestines, creating the dish known today aschitterlings. In South America, the scraps of food the landlords did not eat were combined to create new dishes that nowadays have been adopted into the cuisines of their respective nations (such as Peruvian tacu-tacu) and (Ecuadorian guatita).
A wave of immigrants from Asia, such as China and Japan, also influenced the cuisine of Peru, Brazil, Panama, and Ecuador. The Chinese brought with them their own spices and food-styles, something that the people of Latin America accepted into their tables. Not only that, but several Asian restaurants also adapted many Latin American food-styles into their own. This case can clearly be seen in the Peruvian and Ecuadorianchifa.
Migration from the Levant (Lebanon, Syria and Palestine) to countries like Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Argentina has made some foods likekibbeha common staple.
Caribbean cuisine is a fusion of Amerindian, European and African cuisine. These traditions were brought from the many homelands of this region's population. In addition, the population has created from this vast wealth of tradition many styles that are unique to the region.
Seafood is one of the most common cuisine types in the islands, though this is certainly due in part to their location.Each island will likely have its own specialty. Some prepare lobster, while others prefer certain types of fish. For example, the island of Barbados is known for its "flying fish."
Another Caribbean mainstay is rice, but the rice on each island may be a little different. Some season their rice, or add peas and other ingredients such as coconut. Sometimes the yellow rice is served on the side, but it is often part of a dish.
Cubancuisine is a distinctive fusion of Spanish, Indigenous, African and Caribbean cuisines. Cuban recipes share their basic spice palette (cumin, oregano, and bay leaves) and preparation techniques with Spanish and African cooking. The black Caribbean rice influence is in the use of local foods such as tropical fruits, root vegetables, fish, etc.  A small but noteworthy Chinese influence is the daily use of steamedwhite riceas the main carbohydrate in a traditional Cuban meal. Rice is essential to a Cuban meal. It is usually eaten during lunch and dinner almost every day.
Unlike nearby Mexico and Central America, which have tortillas in their cuisines, the only resemblance to the use of tortillas is withcasave, dating from pre-Columbian indigenous times which is called Casave. This flatbread is produced by grindingyuca(cassava) root to form a paste which, when mixed with water, becomes a dough. This is lightly cooked as a flat circular disk and air-dried to preserve it for consumption for a later time. It is traditionally reconstituted in salt water and eaten with roasted pork. The other culinary curiosity is a regional dish consisting of a roasted rodent uniquely found in Cuba,jutia(Desmarest's hutia).
The cuisine of the Dominican Republic, much like its neighbors, is a fusion of Indigenous (Taino), Spanish, and African cuisines. All or nearly all food groups are accommodated in typical Dominican cuisine, as it incorporates meat or seafood; grains, especially rice, corn, and wheat; vegetables, such as beans and other legumes, potatoes, yuca, or plantains, and salad; dairy products, especially milk and cheese; and fruits, such as oranges, bananas, and mangos. However, there is heaviest consumption of starches and meats, and least of dairy products and non-starchy vegetables. Differences between Dominican cuisine and those of other parts of the West Indies include the milder spicing, which mainly uses onions, garlic, cilantro, cilantro ancho (culantro), ají cubanela (cubanelle pepper), and oregano.
Sofrito, locally known assazón, a sautéed mix including local herbs and spices, is used in many dishes. Throughout the south-central coast bulgur, or whole wheat, is a main ingredient in quipes and tipili, two dishes brought by Levantine Middle Eastern immigrants. Other favorite foods and dishes include chicharrón, yautía, pastelitos or empanadas, batata (sweet potato), pasteles en hoja (ground roots pockets), chimichurris, plátanos maduros (ripe plantain), yuca con mojo (boiled yuca/cassava) and tostones/fritos (fried plantains
Cuisine also varies due to geographical areas. In general, most Dominican meat dishes tend to involve pork, as pigs are farmed quite heavily on the island. Meat dishes tend to be very well cooked or even stewed in Dominican restaurants, a tradition stemming from the lesser availability of refrigeration on the island. Seaside Dominican fishing villages will have great varieties of seafood, the most common being shrimp, marlin, mahi-mahi or dorado, and lobster. Most villagers more commonly dine on cheap, lesser-quality fish, usually stewed with la criolla, a type of rice. Premium seafood tends to be too expensive for the many locals, and is saved for the island's upper class and the tourist resorts.
Puerto Rican cuisine has its roots in the cooking traditions and practices of the AmerindianTaínos, Europe (Spain), andAfrica.
In 1493, Spanish colonizers began a period of great change on the islands. The Spanish introduced foods from around the world including Europe, Asia, and Africa. They realized that not all the food they introduced to this new location were viable. So, while they had to abandon some of what was fundamental to their home country, they began to discover the local assets such as pigs and cattle. Still, some of what the Spaniards brought to Puerto Rico became of great importance to modern traditional dishes such as plantains, bananas, and coffee; all of which are now prominent in current Puerto Rican food culture.
In the latter part of the 19th century, the cuisine of Puerto Rico was greatly influenced by theUnited Statesin the ingredients used in its preparation. Puerto Rican cuisine has transcended the boundaries of the island and can be found in several countries outside the archipelago . Many crops cultivated in Puerto Rico stem from New World origins like plantains.
Central American cuisine is a fusion of Indigenous, Spanish and African influence.Most of the countries are within theMesoamericacultural and historic region. Some of its staple foods, such asmaize,bell peppers,squash,beans, andtomatoesoriginated and are native to the region and over time have become basic staples in other international cuisines around the world.
Its cuisine varies with its geographical areas, as well as its demographics. In the Pacific coasts of the countries in Central America, the influence of its food is more of an Indigenous and European infusion. In the Caribbean coast the fusion is more of an Indigenous and African fusion. The exception being El Salvador and Belize, where they are the other two countries that do not border both the Pacific and Caribbean. However, their cuisines still possess a fusion of all three cuisines because of their own diverse history, and their neighboring countries' demographics.
Another staple in both Pacific and Caribbean cuisine of the area is rice. It is accompanied by a meat (pork, beef, and chicken), or seafood. Dishes mixed with rice are common throughout the region, an example beinggallopinto. The Caribbean coasts of Central America also have a more heavy usage of dishes containingcoconut(milk, oil, etc.).
The main staple, known asgallo pinto(or simplypinto), consists of rice and black beans, which in many households is eaten at all three meals during the day.
Other Costa Rican food staples include corn tortillas, white cheese and picadillos. Tortillas are used to accompany most meals. Costa Ricans will often fill their tortillas with whatever they are eating and eat it in the form of a gallo (direct translation: rooster, however, it resembles a soft Mexican taco). White cheese is non-processed cheese that is made by adding salt to milk in production. Picadillos are meat and vegetable combinations where one or more vegetables are diced, mixed with beef and garnished with spices. Common vegetables used in picadillos are potatoes, green beans, squash, ayote, chayote and arracache. Often, picadillos are eaten in the form of gallos.
Salvadoran cuisine is a style of cooking derived from the nation of El Salvador. The traditional cuisine consists of food from the Pipil people, with a European twist in most modern dishes. Many of the dishes are made with maize (corn).
El Salvador's most notable dish is thepupusa, a thick hand-made corn flour or rice flour tortilla stuffed with cheese, chicharrón (fried pork rinds), refried beans orloroco(a vine flower bud native to Central America). There are also vegetarian options, often with ayote (a type of squash), or garlic. Some adventurous restaurants even offer pupusas stuffed with shrimp or spinach.
Two other typical Salvadoran dishes are yuca frita and panes rellenos. Yuca frita, which is deep fried cassava root served with curtido (a pickled cabbage, onion and carrot topping) and pork rinds with pescaditas (fried baby sardines). The yuca is sometimes served boiled instead of fried. Panes con Pavo (turkey sandwiches) are warm turkey submarines. The turkey is marinated and then roasted with Pipil spices and handpulled. This sandwich is traditionally served with turkey, tomato, and watercress along with cucumber, onion, lettuce, mayonnaise, and mustard. A lot of Salvadoran food is served with French bread, or pan frances in Spanish.
The cuisine ofGuatemalareflects the multicultural nature of Guatemala, in that it involves food that differs in taste depending on the region. Guatemala has 22 departments (or divisions), each of which has very different typical foodstuffs. Guatemalan cuisine is widely known for its candy originating from Antigua Guatemala.
There are also foods that it is traditional to eat on certain days of the week - for example, by tradition it is known that on Thursday, the typical food is "paches" which is like a tamal made with a base of potato, and on Saturday it is traditional to eat tamales.
Hondurancuisine combines Spanish, Caribbean, and pre-Columbian influences of the indigenous Maya-Lencapopulation. Its most notable feature is that it uses morecoconutthan any otherCentral Americancuisine in both sweet and savory dishes. Regional specialties include pollo con tajadas (fried chicken with fried green banana chips) friedfish,carne asada, andbaleadas. Platano maduro fritos with sour creme are also a common dish.
In addition to the baleadas, the following are also popular: meat roasted with chismolcarne asada, chicken with rice and corn, fried fish (Yojoa style) withencurtido(pickled onions and jalapeños). In the coastal areas and in theBay Islands, seafood and some meats are prepared in many ways, some of which includecoconutmilk.
Among the soups the Hondurans enjoy are:conchsoup,beansoup, Mondongo soup, or soup of intestine,seafoodsoups,beefsoups, all of which are mixed withplantains,yuca, cabbage among other things, and complemented withcorntortillas.
Other typical dishes are the montucas or corntamale, stuffed tortillas, tamales wrapped up withbananaleaves, among other types of food.  Also part of the Honduran typical dishes are an abundant selection of tropical fruits such as:papaya,pineapple,plums, epazotes,passionfruits, and a wide variety of bananas and plantains which are prepared in many ways.
The cuisine ofNicaraguais a fusion of Spanish, Caribbean and pre-Columbian dishes of the indigenous peoples. When the Spaniards first arrived inNicaraguathey found that the indigenous peoples had incorporated foods available in the area into theircuisine.Despite the blending and incorporation of pre-Columbian and Spanish influenced cuisine, traditional cuisine changes from the Pacific to the Caribbean coast. While the Pacific coast's main staple revolves around fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast makes use ofseafoodand thecoconut.
As in many otherLatin Americancountries,cornis a main staple. Corn is used in many of the widely consumed dishes, such asindio viejoandquesillo. Nicaragua's most famous corn dish is theNacatamal. Nacatamales originated from theNicarao people.Duringpre-Columbiantimes, the Nicarao stuffed their nacatamales with hunted meats likedeerandturkey,tomatoes,achioteandherbsto season and increase the nacatamal's flavor before being wrapped in corn husks and steamed. After Spanish conquest however, nacatamales were made with introduced meats like pork. They also evolved to include flavorful ingredients likeonionsandpotatoes, and banana leaves replaced corn husks.Corn is also an ingredient for drinks such aspinolilloandchichaas well as in some sweets and desserts. Locally grown vegetables and fruits have been in use since before the arrival of the Spaniards and their influence on Nicaraguan cuisine. Many of Nicaragua's dishes include fruits and vegetables such asavocado,tomato,tomatillo,potato,jocote,grosella,mimbro,mango,papaya,tamarind,pipián,banana,yuca, and herbs such ascilantro,oreganoandachiote.
Gallo pintois Nicaragua'snational dish, consisting of redbeansandrice. The dish has several variations including the addition ofcoconut oilor gratedcoconutwhich is primarily prepared on Nicaragua'sCaribbeancoast. It is thought to have originated in Nicaragua; however, there is some controversy about the origins of this dish.
Panamaniancuisine has its own unique and rich cuisine. As a land bridge between two continents, Panama is blessed by nature with an unusual variety of tropical fruits, vegetables and herbs that are used in native cooking. Also, as a crossroads of the world catalyzed by thePanama Canal, Panamanian cuisine is influenced by its diverse population of Hispanic, native Amerindian, European, African, Colombian, Jamaican, and Chinese migration. A common Panamanian diet includes seafood such as crab, lobster, and squid, many versions of chicken soup, and vast amounts of fruit such as papayas, coconuts, and bananas.They also drink chicha, a very common drink found in Panama.
Mexican cuisine is a style of food which is primarily a fusion of indigenous Mesoamerican cooking with European (especially Spanish) cooking developed after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. The basic staples remain the native corn, beans and chili peppers but the Europeans introduced a large number of other foods, the most important of which were meat from domesticated animals (beef, pork, chicken, goat and sheep), dairy products (especially cheese) and various herbs and spices.While the Spanish initially tried to superimpose their diet on the country, this was not possible thanks largely to Mexico's highly developed indigenous cuisines. Instead, the foods and cooking techniques of both the indigenous Mexicans and the Spanish began to be mixed contributing to the development of an even more varied and rich cuisine. Over the centuries, this resulted in various regional cuisines, based on local conditions such as those in the north,Oaxaca,Veracruzand theYucatán Peninsula. Mexican cuisine is highly tied to the culture, social structure and its popular traditions, the most important example of which is the use of mole for special occasions and holidays, particularly in the South region of the country. For this reason and others, Mexican cuisine was added byUNESCOto its list of the world's "intangible cultural heritage".
Mexican-Americans in theUnited Stateshave developed regional cuisines largely incorporating the ingredients and cooking styles of authentic Mexican cuisines.Tex-Mexis a term describing a regional American cuisine that blends food products available in the United States and the culinary creations of Mexican-Americans influenced by Mexican cuisine.Mexican cuisine varies by region, because of local climate and geography and ethnic differences among the indigenous inhabitants and because these different populations were influenced by the Spaniards in varying degrees.
Central Mexico's cuisine is largely made up of influences from the rest of the country, but also has its authentics, such asbarbacoa,pozole, menudo, tamales, and carnitas.
Southeastern Mexico, on the other hand, is known for its spicy vegetable and chicken-based dishes. The cuisine of Southeastern Mexico also has quite a bit of Caribbean influence, given its geographical location. Veal is common in the Yucatán. Seafood is commonly prepared in the states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico, the latter having a famous reputation for its fish dishes, in particularà la veracruzana.
The richest products ofSouth Americacome from the middle of the continent, theAmazonia Potatoesare frequently grown as a result of this, and also plants such asquinoa. The Peruvian capital,Lima, was declared the "Gastronomic Capital of the Americas" in 2006. Manyplainsare also on this continent, which are rich for growing food in abundance. In thePatagoniansouth ofArgentina, many people producelambandvenison.King crabis typically caught at the southern end of the continent.Antarctic krillhas been recently discovered and is now considered a fine dish.Tunaandtropical fishare caught all around the continent, butEaster Islandis where they are found in abundance.Lobsteris also caught in great quantities from theJuan Fernández Islands.
The cuisine ofArgentinais strongly influenced by Italian and Spanish cuisines and cooking techniques. Indigenous gastronomies derived from groups such as theQuechua,Mapuche, andGuaranihave also played a role.
There are many regional differences, specially in the provincial states of the north, west, east and central Argentina, with many plants, fruits and dishes that are not known or barely known inBuenos Aires.
Another determining factor in Argentine cuisine is that Argentina is one of the world's major food producers. It is a major producer of meat (especially beef), wheat, corn, milk, beans, and since the 1970s, soybeans. Given the country's vast production of beef, red meat is an especially common part of the Argentine diet. Due to the very large number of Argentines of Italian ancestry, pizza and especially pasta are also very popular, but there are food traditions from other European nations as well, including the English afternoon tea.
Bolivian cuisine is the result of Spanish cuisine with infusions of ancientAndeantradition and varies greatly due to thegeography of Bolivia. It has been influenced by theInca cuisine,Aymara cuisine,Spanish cuisine, and to a lesser extent the cuisines of other neighboring countries, likeArgentinaandParaguay. European immigration to Bolivia is not as common when compared with other Latin American countries, and while German, Italian,Basqueand other cuisines have influenced the cuisine of Bolivia,Spanish cuisineremains the primary influence.
In Western Bolivia in theAltiplano, due to the high, cold climate cuisine tends to use spices, whereas in the lowlands of Bolivia in the more Amazonian regions dishes consist of products abundant in the region: fruits, vegetables, fish andyuca.
Almuerzois the most important meal of the Bolivian day, so much so that daily life tends to revolve around it. Long lunches are traditional throughout the country, so businesses and shops often close between the hours of 12 and 2 pm, so that the workers have time to return home for lunch. A typical Bolivian lunch would consist of several courses, including a soup, a main course of meat, rice, and potatoes, then a dessert and coffee.Lunch is taken at a leisurely pace and is traditionally followed by a nap, the oft-citedsiesta.
The cuisine ofBrazil, like Brazil itself, varies greatly by region. Brazilian cuisine can be divided into several distinct locations. From the north of Brazil through the Amazonian jungle, and directly down the Brazilian coastline.
This diversity reflects the country's mix of native Amerindians, Portuguese, Africans, Italians, Spaniards, Germans, Syrians, Lebanese and Japanese, among others. This has created a national cooking style marked by the preservation of regional differences.
Coffee, being one of the main agricultural products of Brazil,is an indispensable part of every Brazilian's diet. "Chimarrão,"a caffeinated drink made of “erva mate”,and the super caffeinated "cafezinho" are commonly served at meals, between meals, and for snacks. The average Brazilian drinks 12-24 of these concoctions per day.
Chilean cuisine stems from the combination of traditionalSpanish cuisinewith indigenous ingredients.
European immigrants also brought with them various styles and traditions in cooking, heavily influencing the cuisine of Chile, including Italian, German, and French influences as well as the English afternoon tea. These mixtures have created a unique fusion. Seafood is widely used and an array of produce which historically has grown throughout the region have been implemented into Chilean gastronomy. Many recipes are accompanied and enhanced byChilean winesuch asCuranto.
The cuisine ofColombiaconsists of a large variety of dishes that take into account the difference in regional climates. For example, in the city of Medellín the typical dish is thebandeja paisa. It includes beans, rice, ground meat or carne asada,chorizo, fried egg, arepa and chicharrón. It is usually accompanied by avocado, tomato and sauces.
Inland, the plates resemble the mix of cultures, inherited mainly from Amerindian and European cuisine, and the produce of the land mainly agriculture, cattle, river fishing and other animals' raising. Such is the case of the sancocho soup in Valledupar. Local species of animals like the guaratinaja, part of the wayuu Amerindian culture.
The food in Ecuador is diverse, varying with altitude, associated agricultural conditions, and ethnic and racial communities. Ecuadorian cuisine is an amalgamation of Spanish, Andean, and Amazonian cuisines and to a lesser degree Italian, Lebanese, African, and Chinese. Most regions in Ecuador follow the traditional 3 course meal of sopa/soup and segundo/second dish then dessert and a coffee are customary. Dinner is usually lighter and sometimes just coffee or agua de remedio/herbal tea with bread.
Beef, chicken, and seafood are popular in the coastal regions and are typically served with carbohydrate-rich foods, such as rice accompanied with lentils, pasta, or plantain, whereas in the mountainous regions pork, chicken, beef and cuy (guinea pig) are popular and are often served with rice, corn, or potatoes.
Some of the typical dishes in thecoastal regionare: a variety ofceviches,pan de yuca(cassava bread),corviche(plantain, peanut and fish dumplings),guatita,encebollado(fish, cassava and onion stew),empanada de viento(deep-fried flourempanadawith cheese filling, served sprinkled with sugar), empanada de verde (green plantain empanada with cheese filling),mangrove crab,arroz con menestra(lentil or bean stew and rice) conasado,caldo de bola(beef soup featuring a green plantain ball filled with meat, egg, and spices). Local staples arerice,plantainsand a great variety ofseafood.
Typical dishes in themountain regioninclude:hornado,fritada,humitas,tamales,llapingachos,lomo saltado, andchurrasco.Pork,chicken, beef, andcuy(guinea pig) are popular in the mountain regions and are served with a variety of grains (especiallyriceandcornorpotatoes).  A popular street food in mountain regions ishornado, consisting of potatoes served with roasted pig.Fanesca, a fish soup including several types of bean, is often eaten duringLentandEaster. During the week before the commemoration of the deceased orAll Souls' Day, the fruit beveragecolada moradais typical, accompanied byt'anta wawawhich is stuffed bread shaped like children.
In the rainforest, a dietary staple is the yuca, elsewhere called cassava. The starchy root is peeled and boiled, fried, or used in a variety of other dishes. Across the nation it is also used as a bread, pan de yuca, which is analogous to the Brazilianpão de queijoand its often consumed alongside different types of drinkable yogurt "yogur persa" brought by Persian immigrants.
Chifa(from the Mandarin words 吃饭, meaning "to eat rice") Ecuadorian-Chinese fusion food is a mainstay of Ecuadorian cuisine.
The cuisine of Paraguay is the set of dishes and culinary techniques ofParaguay. Much like its neighboring countries, Paraguayan cuisine is a fusion of Indigenous cuisine (Guaraní), Spanish cuisine and international cuisines from those who have immigrated over the years. Meat, especially beef, is a staple of the Paraguayan diet. This is reflected in theAsado, a series of barbecuing practices and the social event that are traditional to Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay.
The cuisine of Paraguay includes unique dishes such assopa paraguaya,kiveveprepared using a pumpkin, also known as "andai", orChipa Guasú. Chipa Guasú, an original dish to Paraguay, is a cake made with corn grains that is now widely served in Northeastern Argentina as well. The national drink of Paraguay is known asterere, in addition to fruit juices and soft drinks being very common throughout the country.Yuccaandcornare two important ingredients in Paraguayan cuisine
Peru has a varied cuisine with ingredients likepotato, uchu orAjí(Capsicumpubescens),oca,ulluco,avocado, fruits likechirimoya,lúcumaandpineapple, and animals liketaruca(Hippocamelus antisensis),llamaandguinea pig(calledcuy). The combination ofIncaandSpanishculinary traditions, resulted in new meals and ways of preparing them. The arrival of Africans, Chinese and Japanese immigrants in the 19th century also resulted in the development ofCreolecuisine in the city ofLima, where the vast majority of these immigrants settled.
Some typical Peruvian dishes areceviche(fishandshellfishmarinated incitrusjuices), the chupe de camarones (asoupmade ofshrimp(Cryphiops caementarius)),anticuchos(cow's heart roastedenbrochette), the olluco con charqui (a casserole dish made ofullucoandcharqui), theAndean pachamanca(meats, tubers andbroad beanscooked in a stone oven), thelomo saltado(meat fried lightly with tomato and onion, served withfrench friesandrice) that has a Chinese influence, and the picante de cuy (a casserole dish made of fried guinea pig with some spices). Peruvian food can be accompanied by typical drinks like the chicha de jora (achichamade of tender corn dried by the sun). There are also chichas made ofpeanutsorpurple corn, known aschicha morada.
The cuisine ofUruguayis traditionally based on its European roots, especially from Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Germany and Britain. Many foods from those countries such as pasta, sausages, and desserts are common in the nation's diet. The Uruguayan barbecue, asado, is one of the most exquisite and famous in the world. A sweet paste, Dulce de Leche is the national obsession, used to fill cookies, cakes, pancakes,milhojas, andalfajores.
The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products: primarily beef but also chicken, lamb, pig, and sometimes fish. The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are stillboilingandroasting, although modernization has popularized frying (seemilanesasandchivitos). Meanwhile,wheatand fruit are generally served fried (torta fritaandpasteles),comfited(rapaduraand ticholos de banana), and sometimes baked (roscadechicharrones), a new modern style.Bushmeatcomes frommulitasandcarpinchos. Regional fruits likebutiaandpitangaare commonly used for flavoring caña, along withquinotosandnísperos.
Due to its land, diversity of agricultural resources, and the cultural diversity of theVenezuelanpeople, Venezuelan cuisine often varies greatly from one region to another. Its cuisine, traditional as well as modern, is influenced by its European, Amerindian and West African traditions.Food staplesincludecorn,rice,plantain,yams,beansand several meats. Potatoes, tomatoes,onions,eggplants,squashes,spinachandzucchiniare also common sides in the Venezuelan diet. Venezuela has several representative national dishes such as thearepa(a corn based bread like patty),pan de jamón,tequeño,pabellón criolloand thehallacaatChristmastime.
There are many different kinds of traditions associated with eating in Latin America. There are a variety of special days where certain foods are consumed, as well as many holidays that are celebrated in Latin America.
There are many forms of gratitude that inhabitants of Latin America employ when they discard excess food. Some people kiss the bread while others cut it before discarding it.Other such traditions are upheld largely by the country, Argentina and Uruguay have one such tradition known as a "es:Ñoquis del 29" or "the Gnocchi 29", where on the 29th of each month a family eats gnocchi, sometimes placing money under their plate to wish for abundance in the next month.
There is a holiday celebrated in Latin America known asThree Kings Day(otherwise known asEpiphany) which is celebrated on January 6 of each year where families feast in honor of God's manifestation in human form in Jesus.
In many countries of Latin America families consume lentils on the first day of the New Year because they are thought to bring prosperity.