Vorarlberg

Vorarlberg(/ˈfɔːrɑːrlbɜːrɡ/FOR-arl-burg;Austrian German:[foːɐ̯ˈarlbɛrk];Vorarlbergisch:Vorarlbearg,Voralbärg, orVoraadelbearg) is the westernmoststate(Land) ofAustria. It has the second-smallest geographical area afterViennaand, although it also has the second-smallest population, it is the state with the second-highest population density (also after Vienna). It borders three countries:Germany(BavariaandBaden-WürttembergviaLake Constance),Switzerland(GrisonsandSt. Gallen), andLiechtenstein. The only Austrian state that shares a border with Vorarlberg isTyrol, to the east.
The capital of Vorarlberg isBregenz(29,698 inhabitants), althoughDornbirn(49,845 inhabitants) andFeldkirch(34,192 inhabitants) havelarger populations.Vorarlberg is also the only state in Austria where the local dialect is notAustro-Bavarian, but rather anAlemannic dialect; it therefore has much more in common culturally with (historically) Alemannic-speakingGerman-speaking Switzerland,Liechtenstein,Baden-Württemberg,Bavarian Swabia, andAlsacethan with the rest ofAustria, southeasternBavaria, andSouth Tyrol.
Vorarlberg is to a large extent mountainous, and two-thirds of the state is situated above 1,000m elevation. About 37% (97,000 hectares or 240,000 acres) of its surface is forest.
Vorarlbergliterally means 'before the Arlmountain'. The nameArlorArlbergcan be traced back to 1218 in various spellings(Arle, Arlen, Mons Arula, Arlenperge)and is derived from the numerous Arlen bushes there, the so-calledmountain pines.
Its nickname isLändle('small land'). The frame of reference for this was the much larger and more populousCounty of Tyrol, from which the small district west of the Arlberg tried to detach itself. In 1861, Vorarlberg was finally raised to a crown land with its own state parliament. On the way to the detachment from Tyrol, the identification with the 'Ländle' remained of great importance.
The mainriversin Vorarlberg are theIll(running through theMontafonand Walgau valleys into the Rhine), theRhine(forming the border withSwitzerland), theBregenzer Acheand theDornbirner Ach. One of the shortest rivers is theGalina. Importantlakes, apart fromLake ConstanceareLüner Lake,Silvretta Reservoir,Vermunt Lake,Spuller Lake, theKops BasinandFormarin Lake; the first four were created for the production ofhydroelectric energy. However, even before the dam for the power plant was built, Lüner Lake was the largest mountain lake in the Alps. Most of this hydroelectric energy is exported to Germany at peak times. At night, energy from power plants in Germany is used to pump water back into some of the lakes.
There are several notablemountain rangesin Vorarlberg, such as theSilvretta, theRätikon, theVerwalland theArlbergwith many well-knownskiing regions and ski resorts.
The tallest mountain isPiz Buin, whose rocky peak of 3,312 m (10,866 ft) is surrounded byglaciers. The distance from Lake Constance and the plains of the Alpine Rhine valley across the medium altitude and high Alpine zones to the glaciers of theSilvretta rangeis a mere 90 km (56 mi).
Lake Constanceis bordered by Germany, Switzerland and Austria and is Austria's and Germany's largest lake. It is also the venue for the annualBregenzer Festspiele.
Vorarlberg is divided into four large districts, from north to south:Bregenz,Dornbirn,FeldkirchandBludenz. These districts appear on theautomobile license platesin form of abbreviations: B, DO, FK and BZ.
TheBiosphere Reserve Großes Walsertalcovers about 19,200 ha and hosts 3,420 inhabitants and around 180 farms (42% of which are organic). The reserve strives for a sustainable economy and tourism in the region and provides a platform for discussion about society, politics and science. The Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal has been aUNESCObiosphere reservesince 2000. Biosphere reserves are the ecological counterpart of the cultural world heritage sites. The biosphere reserve's aim is sustainable development, education and research as well as the protection of natural diversity.
TheNagelfluhkette Nature Parkis a cross-border nature park between theGermanAllgäuand theAustrianBregenzerwald. The nature park is 24,700 hectares in size. It comprises a high level ofbiodiversitywhich is the result ofAlpine transhumance(the cultivation of the land by humans) and the geological diversity. The Nagelfluhkette Nature Park offers guided hiking tours.
Before theRomansconquered Vorarlberg, there were twoCeltictribes settled in this area: theRaetiin the highlands, and theVindeliciin the lowlands, i.e. the Lake Constance region and the Rhine Valley. One of the important settlements of the Vindelici was Brigantion (modern Bregenz), founded around 500 BC. The first settlements in and around Bregenz date from 1500 BC. A Celtic tribe named "Brigantii" is mentioned by Strabo as a sub-tribe in these region of the Alps.The area of Vorarlberg was conquered by the Romans in 15 BC and it became part of theRoman provinceofRaetia. It was later conquered by Allemanic tribes in c. 450 AD.
It then fell under the rule of theBavariansand was subsequently settled by the Bavarians and theLombards. It later fell under the rule of theCounts of Bregenzuntil 1160 and then to theCounts of Montfortuntil 1525, when theHabsburgstook control.
The historically-Germanic province, which was a gathering-together of formerbishoprics, was still ruled in part by a few semi-autonomouscountsand survivingprince-bishopsuntil the start ofWorld War I. Vorarlberg was a part ofFurther Austria, and parts of the area were ruled by the CountsMontfort of Vorarlberg.
Following World War I there was a desire by many in Vorarlberg to join Switzerland.In theVorarlberg annexation referendumheld on 11 May 1919, 80.75% of those voting supported a proposal for the state to join the Swiss Confederation. However, the proposed union never took place. Within Switzerland, theSwiss FrenchandSwiss Italianswere reluctant to take in another German-speaking area, andSwiss Protestants were somewhat accepting to incorporating such a heavily Catholic area.Opposition came from outside Switzerland as well; for example, Italy wanted Switzerland to give upTicinoif there were any changes on Switzerland's eastern frontier. Vienna and the Allies also objected, out of concern for the balance of power in central Europe. The government of Vorarlberg opposed union with Switzerland, but began half-hearted negotiations with Bern after the overwhelming result of the referendum. When it became apparent that the Swiss were lukewarm at best to absorbing Vorarlberg as well, Vorarlberg remained with Austria.If Vorarlberg had joined Switzerland, thenLiechtensteinwould have been enclaved by Switzerland, like the situation ofLesotho,San MarinoandVatican City.
Following theSecond World WarVorarlberg found itself occupied byFrench troopsfrom 1945 to 1955, along with most of the state ofTyrol.
The population of Vorarlberg is 397,094 (as of 1 January 2020).The majority (86%) of residents are of Austrian-Germanic stock with a cultural connection with Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west and Germany to the north. A sizable proportion of the population's ancestors came from the Swiss canton ofValaisin migrations of "Walsers", including theSwiss Frenchin the 19th century by invitation during the days of theAustro-Hungarian Empire.There has been a sizable minority of Turkish descent since the 1960s.
With around 150 inhabitants per square kilometer, Vorarlberg is the second most densely populated province in Austria afterVienna. With the conurbation betweenFeldkirchandHörbranz, it has one of the most densely populated areas in Europe. Due to the early industrialization in comparison to other Austrian states, Vorarlberg developed into a classic immigration state as early as the 19th century. The state, which is small in terms of area, has the highest proportion of immigrants next to Vienna. In 2015, this was around 16% of the total population. Residents ofGermanorigin make up the largest migrant group, closely followed by immigrants fromTurkey. People from countries of the formerYugoslaviaare by far the third-largest immigrant group in Vorarlberg.
According to 2021 figures ofStatistics Austria, 60.7% of the population areCatholic, and 7.6% are followers of other Christian denominations (3.8%Orthodox Christians, 2.5%Protestants, 1.3% other Christians). The second-largest religion, with a share of 13% isIslam.0.6% of Vorarlberg's inhabitants profess another religion, while 18.9% profess no affiliation with any religion or denomination.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
For several years, the Vorarlberg economy has been performing well above the Austrian average. At roughly 66%, its export ratio is the highest among all of Austria's states. While the overall Austrian GDP in 2004 rose by 2.0% in real terms, Vorarlberg recorded an increase of 2.9%. This came as a surprise, particularly as the major trading partners in Germany and Italy did not fare well. Owing to this robust economic performance, Vorarlberg was able to boost its gross regional product in 2014 to 15.2 billion euros according to the Economic Policy Department of the Vorarlberg Chamber of Trade. This translates into a nominal increase of 3.4% (cf Austria as a whole +5.2%).TheGross domestic product(GDP) of the state was 19.1 billion € in 2018, accounting for 4.9% of the Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €43,000  or 143% of the EU27 average in the same year. Vorarlberg is the state with the third highest GDP per capita in Austria.Vorarlberg and especially the Rhine Valley is one of the wealthiest areas in the world, with a very high standard of living. 
By far the biggest company in Vorarlberg isAlpla(plastic packaging), followed byBlum, Grass,Gebrüder Weiss(transport and logistics),Zumtobel Group(lighting systems),Doppelmayr(cablecars),Rauch(beverages) andWolford(textiles).
Currently, five breweries are located in Vorarlberg:Mohrenbrauerei August Huber(inDornbirn, since 1834),Brauerei Fohrenburg(inBludenz, since 1881),Brauerei Egg(inEgg, since 1894), Vorarlberger Brauereigenosschenschaft – Brauerei Frastanz (inFrastanz, since 1902), Grabhers Sudwerk (inBregenz, since 2016).
Overall, the economic expansion of Vorarlberg is "very positive and for the future rated more dynamic than for the other states".Vorarlberg plans to be self-sufficient in energy by 2050.
In addition to the flourishing textile, clothing, electronics, machinery and packing materials industries of theAlpine Rhine Valley, there is also a broad agricultural base, especially in theBregenzerwald(Bregenzerwald), which is known for its dairy products and tourism.
The three-level movement farming ("Dreistufenwirtschaft") is essential to the economy of the mountainous regions in Vorarlberg. It is also known asAlpine transhumanceand describes a seasonaldrovingof grazinglivestockbetween the valleys in winter and the high mountainpasturesin summer.
Alpine transhumance has a strong impact on the production of cheese in the Alps. It ensures that the cattle produces high-quality aromatic milk, the so-calledHeumilch("hay milk"), based on its special diet of natural meadow grass in comparison tosilage. The use of hay milk in cheese production contributes to the distinctive flavour that determines more than 30 Alpine cheeses, includingVorarlberger Alpkäse,Vorarlberger Bergkäse,Großwalsertaler Bergkäse, andSura Kees.
With the aim to support and preserve the local dairy production and the traditional agricultural heritage, theBregenzerwald Cheese Routewas founded in 1998. It is an organisation which connects farmers, traders and craftsmen. Along the cheese route, visitors are invited to watch the cheese production process and participate in culinary tastings.
Many cultural habits likeYodel,AlphornorSchwingenwere developed during this time. This seasonalnomadismled to the rich culture, architecture and love for nature found in Vorarlberg. A significant cultural icon unique to this area is the festive movement of cattle from the pastures to the villages in autumn. This tradition is especially popular with tourists.
The energy sector is one of the founders of Vorarlberg's economy, in which hydropower is the most important source of energy. This is mainly used for the production of peak current. Vorarlberg was the first region in Europe where more sustainable energy was produced than consumed. Green electricity from Vorarlberg is therefore also sold to the German Westallgäu, to Switzerland and to other Austrian provinces. The largest electricity producer in Vorarlberg is illwerke VKW. They produce 75% of the electricity in Vorarlberg, mainly by hydropower.
Two higher education institutions in Vorarlberg are theVorarlberg University of Applied Sciences(German:FachhochschuleVorarlberg) inDornbirnand theUniversity College of Teacher Education Vorarlberg[de](German:Pädagogische HochschuleVorarlberg) inFeldkirch.
Originally founded as technical school in 1989, the Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences achieved status of an officially recognized university in 1999. It offers Bachelor's and master's degrees in business, engineering and technology, design and social work. About 1350 students have enrolled for the term 2018/19.The Fachhochschule Vorarlberg is considered one of Austria's best applied universities in the field of technology.
The University College of Teacher Education Vorarlberg was founded in 2007and offers bachelor's and master's degrees in primary and secondary education.It also administers its own elementary and middle school, in which students from the university can complete their student teaching.
The vai Vorarlberger Architektur Institut is an interface in the field ofBaukultur. It brings together architects, other design professionals and clients with craftspeople and actors from business, academia, the arts, culture and politics and address the issue of architectural quality through exhibitions, events and publications.
For professionals it is a platform for networking and training. For clients and all those interested in cultural issues it offers a source of ideas and inspiration, as well as an initial contact with architecture for children.
Current exhibitions:
Vorarlberg is crossed in a north–south direction by amotorway, theRheintal/Walgau Autobahn(A14). It connects with theBundesautobahn 96at theAustria–Germany bordernearHörbranzand follows theAlpine Rhine Valleysouthwards toFeldkirch. It then continues south-eastwards along the riverIlltoBludenz, where it connects with theArlberg Schnellstraße(S16) toTyrolover theArlberg. The A14 is linked with theA13 motorwayin Switzerland via a road that crosses theAustria-Switzerland borderatLustenau/Au.
The main line is theVorarlberg railwayline, which traverses the state in north–south direction and which extends northwards into Germany. South ofBregenz, it connects with theSt. Margrethen–Lauterach line, which leads towards Switzerland. In Feldkirch, the main line meets theFeldkirch–Buchs railwayline toLiechtensteinand Switzerland. The Vorarlberg railway line's southern terminus isBludenz, where it meets theArlberg RailwaytoTyroland theBludenz–Schruns railway(Montafonerbahn) line toSchrunsin theMontafon Valley. Most of these lines are owned and operated byAustrian Federal Railways(ÖBB). Since December 2023,WESTbahnalso operates betweenWien Westbahnhofand Bregenz. Regional train services are provided byVorarlberg S-Bahn, with some lines being also part ofBodensee S-Bahn.
There are also twoheritage railwaylines:Bregenz Forest RailwayandInternational Rhine Regulation Railway.
The following is an alphabetical list of Vorarlberg's activerailway stations:
In addition, there are five defunct railway stations on the Arlberg Railway line:Braz,Dalaas,Hintergasse,KlösterleandWald am Arlberg.
The tourist industry employs a considerable number of Vorarlbergers. There are around 12,000 employees working in this industry which represent approximately 11% of the total workforce (107,575 in 2015). Arrivals are slightly higher in winter (1.23 million in 2015) than in summer (1.14 million in 2015). The real difference lies in overnight-stays indicating that Vorarlberg is a strong winter destination. Overnight-stays in winter reach as high as 5.11 million which is quite large when compared to the summer season with 3.7 million overnight stays.
The largest (and best-known) touristic regions are:
This is an incomplete list of hotels with a focus on architecture. For the complete list, go to:
In Vorarlberg, several public buildings for culture, tourism and leisure have been awarded with national and international prizes for architecture.
Some of them are:
The greatest tourist attractions are the mountains and the numerousski resorts. In the cold season, winter sports enthusiasts will find ideal conditions for their favourite sport:skiing,cross country skiing,freeriding,snowboarding,ice skating,sled dogrides,carriagerides,tobogganing, snow andfun parks.
Vorarlberg's largest ski resorts include:
The ski resortsSilvretta MontafonandSki Arlberg(which is partly located inTyrol) are the two largest ski areas in Vorarlberg. Ski Arlberg is the largest connected ski area in Austria since the season of 2016/17. It offers 305 km of slopes and 111 lifts. It includes Lech, Zürs, Oberlech, Warth, Schröcken, Stuben and the Tyrolean municipalities ofSt. Antonand St. Christoph.
The placesLechandZürsare known for their exclusivity and luxury, for which reason many prominent people go to these ski resorts.An example of this is theDutch royal familywhich goes there on skiing holidays every year and has been staying in the prestigiousGasthof Postfor four generations.A famous ski race isDer Weiße Ring('The White Ring') where skiers race from Lech to Zürs. The 22 km long route is named after its ring-shaped track and the snowy conditions in this region. It is considered to be particularly difficult.
TheSki Ride Vorarlbergis a combination of skiing, touring and freeriding while crossing Vorarlberg. The route starts in theKleinwalsertalin the north, continues through theBregenz Forest, over theArlbergand theKlostertalto theMontafon valleyin the south. The guided tour usually takes up to 7 days and is intended for experienced skiers.
Damüls-Mellauis a notable ski area in terms of reliable snow conditions. In 2007, Damüls was named 'snowiest village in the world'.During the measuring period, the average snow height per winter season was approximately 9.30 m.
Skiers from these regions includeAnita Wachter,Egon Zimmermann,Gerhard Nenning,Mario Reiter,Hubert Strolz, andHannes Schneider, as well as the ski-jumperToni Innauer.
In the summer, mountain sports likehiking,mountain biking,climbingandtrail-runningplay a big role in Vorarlberg's tourism. In total, Vorarlberg has more than 5,500 kilometers of hiking trails in different heights for both experienced and inexperienced walkers. Many ski areas operate cable cars throughout summer which makes them ideal for mountaineers.
All over Vorarlberg, themed hikes are being offered, e.g., culinary hikes, herbal walks, educational hikes for children, and night walks. The theme route "Gauertaler AlpkulTour", which extends through the cultural landscape of theMontafonin theRätikonmountains, is a popular walking route among tourists. Lake Constance is a pivot for hikers, pilgrims, fishers andbird watchers. For a long time, it has served as a reference point for important pilgrims' paths, including the Lake Constance walking path, parts of the pilgrimage route toSantiago de Compostelaand the European hiking routesE1,E4andE5.
Offering some 1,500 kilometers of marked mountain bike trails, Vorarlberg attracts cyclists of all skill levels. Guided mountain bike tours are held in theBrandnertalandKlostertal. TheBregenzerwaldbike school offers various bike-related activities including bike camps, technique courses and racing bike tours.
The Vorarlberg Circular Hiking Trail ("Min Weag" - My trail/path) offers a variety of cultural and natural spaces in six regions. The elevation profiles range from the rolling hills of the Bregenzerwald to above the tree line in the Silvretta and Rätikon. The trail was developed by Vorarlberg Tourism in collaboration with local mountain guides Markus Moosbrugger, Hanno Dönz and Helmut Düringer, based on an idea by Joe Metzler.
Owing to their location isolated from the rest of Austria, most Vorarlbergers speak a very distinct German dialect, theHigh Alemannic German, that other Austrians might have difficulty understanding, since the dialects in the rest of Austria form part of theBavarian-Austrianlanguage group, whereas the Vorarlberg dialect is part of theAlemannicdialect continuum. Alemannic dialects are also spoken in Liechtenstein, Switzerland (asSwiss German),Baden-Württemberg, the south west of Bavaria and theAlsaceregion of France. The Vorarlberg dialect is further divided into a number of regional sub-dialects (e.g. that of the Montafon, the Bregenzerwald and Lustenau are some of the most distinct) which tend to differ considerably from each other. In fact even within these regions the dialects may vary from one town or village to the next.
Traditional costumes ("tracht") have a long history in Vorarlberg. Many valleys and villages have their own kind of garb, each with special characteristics from certain style periods. The Bregenzerwälder garb is the oldest, it originated in the 15/16th century and is also called "d'Juppô" (Bavarian: "Juppe"). The Montafon garb is inspired by the baroque era. A whole set of Tracht consists of several elements: the "Juppe" (the apron), a headgear (caps, hats), a blouse, a "Tschopa" (jacket), and stockings. The hairstyle (for example braided hair) can also be part of the Tracht.
In the 1970s, very few Vorarlbergers wore tracht. The reason for this was strict regulations with regard to the people wearing Tracht. For example, Bregenzerwälder ladies with short hair ought not to wear tracht, because their hair was too short for the suitable hair style ("Wälderzöpfe").It was only when the regulations were loosened and the clothes were individualised in the 1990s that wearing tracht became more popular. Today, traditional garb is mainly worn on festive occasions. In theJuppenwerkstatt Riefensberg, tracht is still traditionally manufactured.There is a "national association for people wearing traditional costume" (Landestrachtenverband) that supports Vorarlberg's Tracht wearing inhabitants and music chapels.
The influence of theAlemanniccuisine of neighbouring countries works more on Vorarlberg cuisine than Austrian cuisine. Cheese and other dairy products play a major role in traditional Vorarlberg meals. Typical dishes from the Vorarlberg region are:KäsespätzleorKäsknöpfle(noodles of flour and eggs with cheese and onion),Riebel(dish of corn and wheat semolina, served spicy or sweet),Flädlesuppe(broth with savoury pancake strips),Grumpara mit Käs(peel pastry with cheese),Öpfelküachle(apples baked in pancake dough, topped with sugar and cinnamon).Mostbröckle(pickled and smoked sausage), originally fromSwitzerland, is also a very popular product.
Vorarlberg provides cultural attractions of all kinds. TheBregenzer Festspieleis the best known festival of the region and poses one of Austria's cultural highlights since 1946. It annually takes place in the months of July and August. With operas and musicals such asDie Zauberflöte(The Magic Flute),West Side StoryandCarmen, the Bregenzer Festspiele draws hundreds of thousands of spectators every year. Noteworthy is theSeebühne, an impressive stage in Lake Constance where scenes are played.
TheBregenzer Frühlingis a dance festival inBregenzthat has been held since 1987 during spring time.Dance ensembles from all over the world perform their new productions, along with Austrian premieres.Each year, five different dance ensembles perform at the Bregenzer Frühling.
Montafoner Resonanzenis a music festival in theMontafonregion. It is a series of events held annually on weekends in August and September. Each weekend is dedicated to another genre (classical, jazz,Austrian folk music, organ, cross-over). The locations vary each year. Guests may combine hiking and eating out with the concerts, considering the musical performances are held at extraordinary locations like the Tübinger Hütte at 2,191 m (Gaschurn) or the Panoramagasthof Kristberg.
ThePoolbar Festivalis a modern music and culture festival inFeldkirch. Being held annually between July and August, it attracts around 20,000 visitors featuring music, exhibitions,poetry slams, fashion and an architectural prize.
The annualSchubertiadeinSchwarzenbergis the most importantFranz Schubertfestival worldwide. A Schubertiade is usually dominated by Franz Schubert or his compositions. It is an informal meeting where casual music is played or recited by friends clubs or musicians, both on a professional and amateur level. The first Schubertiade took place inHohenemsin Vorarlberg in 1976.
Every year in August, about 30 internationalshort filmsare screened at theAlpinale Short Film FestivalinBludenz.
TheLiteraturfest Kleinwalsertalis aliterary festivalconsisting of lectures, workshops, poetry slams and exhibitions and takes place in autumn.
Thelight artfestivalLichtstadt Feldkirchlets international artists fill the city of Feldkirch with light objects, projections and sculptures. Its first edition was held in 2018 and attracted 30.000 visitors. The festival takes place every other year.TheFAQ Bregenzerwaldis a social forum in the form of a festival. Hosting lectures, panel discussions, concerts, guided walks as well as culinary tastings, it aims at highlighting social issues in the society in a very broad context.
TheMontforter Zwischentöneis an interdisciplinary festival inFeldkirchthat takes place three times a year. Each series is based on a specific topic which is artistically and dramaturgically interpreted without genre-orientated boundaries. There are contributions from the fields of music, poetry, architecture, science, dance etc. The festival addresses issues of social and personal development on site and provides impetus for urban and regional development.
Tanzcafé Arlberg is a series of concerts taking place at ski huts inLech/Zürsfor two weeks in the springtime. It is intended to entertain skiers aside the ski piste by providing live music to dance to. The concerts range from pop to swing to rock'n'roll and to ska. The series of events includes a workshop onLindy Hop.
Bezau Beatz is a music festival that has been taking place in Bezau in August since 2008.
TheBludenzer Tage zeitgemäßer Musikis a festival of contemporary music inBludenzthat was founded in 1988.The aim of the festival is to make contemporary music audible in Bludenz.
Furthermure, Vorarlberg is host to a variety of fairs, conventions and expositions including the public health eventMedicinicum Lech, the literary festivalLiteraricum Lech, the annual interdisciplinary symposiumPhilosophicum Lechas well as the design fair and festivalPOTENTIALein Feldkirch.
The most visited museums in Vorarlberg are theKunsthaus Bregenz, thevorarlberg museum,inatura(interactive nature adventure show and natural history museum) in Dornbirn and theJewish Museum of Hohenems. Smaller museums include theAngelika Kauffmann MuseuminSchwarzenberg, theHittisau Women's Museum, theRolls-Royce MuseumandMohren Biererlebnisweltin Dornbirn, theEgg MuseuminEggand theJuppenwerkstatt Riefensberg(manufacturer of traditional women's garb), theFeldermuseum inSchoppernau, theSchattenburgmuseum and the Heimatmuseum Bezau.
TheWälderbähnleor Bregenzerwald Museumsbahn (Bregenzerwald Railway) is anarrow-gauge heritage railwaythat today links Schwarzenberg toBezauamidst picturesque alpine scenery.TheInternational Rhine Regulation Railway, once an industrial railway used for the straightening of the Alpine Rhine, is also aheritage railwaytoday.
For an overview, seeList of museums in Vorarlberg.
In 1651, Michael Beer founded theAuer Zunft(Guild of Au) which is an important community of Vorarlberg builders, sculptors and carpenters who specialized inbaroquebuilding. InAu-Schoppernaufrom 1670 to 1700, more than 90 percent of all male workers were builders.Master builders and craftsmen from theBregenz Forestin particular, but also from other parts of today's Vorarlberg, played a leading role in the 600 churches and monasteries that were built in the Baroque style in the 17th and 18th centuries.
The master craftsmen of Au trained over 1,800 apprentices during a long construction boom which followed theThirty Years' War.These new master builders were active throughout theLake Constancearea, but also inAlsace,Bohemiaand the South German region. Well-known works by baroque master builders include the monasteries and churches in Birnau, Weingarten and Einsiedeln.
Many important members of the Auer Zunft came from the architect families Beer, Moosbrugger and Thumb.
The independent architecture of theBregenzerwälderhaus, theMontafonerhaus, the Rheintalhaus from the Dornbirn region and the "Walserhaus" are particularly relevant tohistorical architecture.Their designs trace back to the 15th century. The traditional materials used for building these houses are stone and wood. They are important features of the mountainous Alpine landscape.
The style that dominated in Vorarlberg at the turn of the century is characterised by the "Heimatstil", the Southern German variant ofArt Nouveau. An example for this style is the Löwenapotheke in the Rathausstraße inBregenzbyOtto Mallaun. Other notable representatives of Art Nouveau architecture in Vorarlberg are:Ernst DittrichinFeldkirch(e.g., Feldkirch's Regional Court, State Directorate of Finances) andHanns KornbergerinDornbirn(e.g., the mansions "Grabenweg Nr. 8" and "Schulgasse Nr. 17)" and inHohenems(e.g., the former hospital).
TheNeue Vorarlberger Bauschuleevolved organically the second half of the 20th century, always involving craftsmen and locals in the building process. Today, it is regarded as one of the most important pioneers of the New Alpine architecture. With the typical architecture of Vorarlberg still recognizable, it combinestraditionandmodernity: clean lines, glass and local wood. Its harmonious mix creates interesting contrasts as in half-timbered houses. Comfort and quality of life are important criteria. Currently, many private houses and public buildings are renovated by architects, favoring local timber and limiting energy expenditure.Well-known award-winning architectural projects include theKunsthaus Bregenz,vorarlberg museumin Bregenz, Michelehof Hard and Hotel Krone Hittisau.
Contemporary architecture in Vorarlberg has made a label for a demanding architecture of a fruitful confrontation between traditional construction and modern interpretation. Some examples of more recent architecture are:
TheWerkraum Bregenzerwaldis an association of craftsmen in theBregenzerwaldfounded in 1999. It aims at networking and supporting craft, design and technology businesses in the area. The publicly accessible place is used to present the craftsmanship, to promote building culture in cooperation with architects and to increase design competence and quality of craftsmanship with the preferred involvement of young people.
Occupying the Werkraum Bregenzerwald since 2014, the travelling exhibitionGetting Things Donedemonstrates the quality of Vorarlberg's architecture by means of 230 selected projects. It offers a distinct view of how building culture has evolved from the late 1950s until the present. Organized by theAustrian Cultural Forum network, the exhibition will be shown in over 20 locations around the world.
TheVorarlberg Institute for Architecture(VAI) and theVorarlberg Tourist Boardcollaborated for the development of the so-called architecture trails. Each trail has a different theme: "New impressions", "Art and culture", "Timber and loam", "Old and new", "Revitalised villages" and "Architecture and landscape". These tours take visitors to both urban and rural regions in order to illustrate architectural variety in Vorarlberg by select examples. These examples are characterized by a functional mix, spatial versatility, formal radicalism, ecological far-sightedness and social integration.
The White Ringis a ski race in theSki Arlberg ski area. In 2009, the Guinness World Records confirmed that the White Ring is the longest ski area in the world at 22 km.It consists of 5 runs, 6 lifts and a cross-country trail.
In the season 2012/13, the firstSBX World Cup Montafonwas held as part of theFIS Snowboard World Cup. The World Cup takes place annually in December in theMontafon valley. The races are held in theSilvretta Montafonski area, starting a little below theHochjochsummit and finishing near the cable car's mountain station. The difference in altitude between start and finish is around 200 m.
The first Open Faces Freeride Contest took place in 2017.The most previous contest was held from 24 to 27 February 2022 in theSilvretta Montafonski area. The contest was the first 4-star qualifier of the season 2022. The length of the freeride slope is 450 m, its vertical drop is 350 m and it has a steepness of up to 60°.
TheHypo-Meetingis an athletics competition which is held annually in May/June in the Mösle stadium inGötzis. It is organised by theInternational Association of Athletics Federations(IAAF) and sponsored by the Hypo Vorarlberg Bank, thus its name. The first Hypo-Meetings have been organised as contests for men starting in 1975. The women's contests have been added in 1981.
TheMontafon-Arlberg Marathonis a mountain marathon with 1,500 meters in altitude in the middle of the European protected areaVerwall.
In 2007,Dornbirnhosted the13th World Gymnaestradaevent, in which about 21,000 gymnasts from 56 federations participated. In 2019, Dornbirn hosted the event again, see16th World Gymnaestrada.
The following notable people are born in Vorarlberg: