Jodhpur

Jodhpur(Hindi pronunciation:[ˈd͡ʒoːd̪ʱ.pʊr]) is thesecond-largestcity of the westernIndian stateofRajasthan, after its capitalJaipur. As of 2023, the city has a population of 1.83 million.It serves as the administrative headquarters of theJodhpur districtandJodhpur division. It is historic capital of theKingdom of Marwar, founded in 1459 byRao Jodha, aRajputchief of theRathoreclan.On 11 August 1947, 4 days prior to theIndian independence,Maharaja Hanwant Singhthe last ruler of Jodhpur state signed the Instrument of Accession and merged his state inUnion of India.On 30 March 1949, it became part of the newly formed state ofRajasthan, which was created after merging the states of the erstwhileRajputana Agency.
Jodhpur is a famous tourist spot with a palace, fort, and temples, set in the stark landscape of theThar Desert. It is also known as the 'Blue City' due to the dominant color scheme of its buildings in the old town.The old city circles theMehrangarh Fortand is bounded by a wall with several gates.Jodhpur lies near the geographic centre of the Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in a region much frequented by tourists.
The name "Jodhpur" is derived from its founder,Rao Jodha, who established the city in 1459."Jodh" represents Rao Jodha, and "pur" means city or town inSanskrit, making it the "City of Jodha."
Jodhpur has ahot desert climate(KöppenBWh), due to its very highpotential evapotranspiration. Although the average rainfall is around 362 mm (14.3 in), which falls mostly from June to September, it fluctuates greatly. In thefamineyear of 1899, Jodhpur received only 24 mm (0.94 in), but in the flood year of 1917, it received as much as 1,178 mm (46.4 in). Jojari river, a tributary of Luni River, flows fromBanadto Salawas in Jodhpur Urban Area. A Riverfront project is approved and is in Planning for this river for 35 km length coming inside Jodhpur Urban Area which is under Namami Ganga Project ofMinistry of Jal Shaktifrom January 2021, earlier this project was under Jodhpur Development Authority. Pin Code of Jodhpur is 342001 which comes under Jodhpur postal division (Jodhpur Region).
Temperatures are extreme from March to October, except when themonsoonal rainproduces thickcloudsto lower it slightly. In April, May, and June, high temperatures routinely exceed 40 °C. During the monsoon season, average temperatures decrease slightly, but the city's generally low humidity rises, which adds to the perception of the heat.
The highest temperature recorded in Jodhpur was on 20 May 2016, when it rose to 48.8 °C (119.8 °F).
Jodhpur has been ranked 30th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.
Jodhpur city was founded in 1459 byRao Jodha Rathore. Jodha succeeded in conquering the surrounding territory from theDelhi Sultanateand thus founded a kingdom that came to be known asMarwar.As Jodha hailed from the nearby town ofMandore, that town initially served as thecapitalof this state; however, Jodhpur soon took over that role, even during the lifetime of Jodha. The city was located on the strategic road linkingDelhitoGujarat. This enabled it to profit from a flourishing trade inopium,copper,silk,sandalwood,dates, and other tradeable goods.
After the death of RaoChandrasen Rathorein 1581, the kingdom was annexed by the Mughal EmperorAkbar, Marwar thus became a Mughal vassal, owingfealtyto them while enjoying internalautonomy. Jodhpur and its people benefited from this exposure to the wider world as new styles ofartandarchitecturemade their appearance and opportunities opened up for local tradesmen to make their mark across northern India.
Aurangzebbriefly sequestrated the state (circa1679) after the death ofMaharaja Jaswant Singh, but his sonMaharaja Ajit Singhwas restored to the throne byDurgadas Rathoreat the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 ending the 30 year long Rathore rebellion. TheMughal empiredeclined gradually after 1707, but the Jodhpur court was beset by intrigue; rather than benefiting from circumstances, Marwar descended into strife and invited the intervention of theMarathas, who soon supplanted the Mughals as overlords of the region. In 1755Jai Appa ScindiaattackedNagaurafter looting several places of Rajasthan. Jai Appa halted his army near samas pond of Tausar which was 3.5 km from Nagaur fort. He surrounded Nagaur fort and cut off food and water supply. Maharaja Vijay Singh called Darbar and asked for volunteers to kill Scindia. Gaji Khan Khokhar (Chawata Kallan) and Kan Singh (Dotalai) volunteered and took responsibility for killing Jaiappa Scindia. Both changed their outfit as traders and opened shop near Jaiappa's army. They observed their activities for two month. On 25 July 1755 on Friday at 11 am, when found opportunity attacked Jaiappa with daggers and killed him (Painting situated in Mandore museum). While fighting the loyal soldiers of Jodhpur both were killed. From then on a common proverb still people say "Khokhar bada khuraki kha gaya appa jaisa daaki" (Khokhar are great gluttons, eaten demon like appa). Even after the killing of Jai Appa Sindhia, the Maratha army continued fighting for a few months near Nagaur but they lost hope after Jai Appa's death.
Dissipated the wealth of the state, which sought the help of the British and entered into asubsidiary alliancewith them.
A major revolt occurred in1857by some Rathore nobles ofPaliled by ThakurKushal Singh of Auwa, but the rebels were defeated by the British Army under Colonel Holmes and peace was restored.
During theBritish Raj, the state of Jodhpur had the largest land area in theRajputana. The land area of the state was 93,424 km(36,071 sq mi) its population in 1901 was 44,73,759. It enjoyed an estimated revenue of£3,529,000. Its merchants, theMarwaris, flourished and came to occupy a position of dominance in trade across India.
In 1947, whenIndiabecame independent, the state merged into the union, and Jodhpur became the second-largest city of Rajasthan.At the time of division, the ruler of Jodhpur,Hanwant Singh, did not want to join India, but finally, due to the effective persuasion ofVallabhbhai Patelat the time, the state of Jodhpur was included in the Indian Republic. Later after theState Reorganisation Act, 1956came into effect, it was included within the state of Rajasthan.
As of the 2011 census official report, Jodhpur Municipal Corporation had 196,436 households and a population of 1,056,191. 134,761 (12.76%) were under the age of 7. Jodhpur had a sex ratio of 902 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 80.33% for those 7 years and above. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 133,395 (12.63%) and 25,253 (2.39%) of the population respectively.
The Jodhpur Urban/Metropolitan area includes Jodhpur, Kuri Bhagtasani,MandoreIndustrial Area, Nandri, Pal Village andSangariya. Its urban/metropolitan population is 1,137,815 of which 599,332 are males and 538,483 are females. With the inclusion of 395 villages in Jodhpur city in the month of February 2021 by JoDA, the new population count for the city is 2,330,000 and is expected to grow by 33.04% over the next decade. In the year 2031 population of Jodhpur city is expected to be more than 3.1 million. The population of Jodhpur city after expansion of city borders is 2,330,000.
At the time of the 2011 census, 63.61% of the population recorded their language asRajasthani, 25.17%Hindi, 5.52%Marwari, 1.73%Sindhiand 1.27%Urdu.
Jodhpur contributes $4 billion (approx) to Rajasthan's economy through different Industries. It is also considered the center of India's $200 million handicraft industry.The city is also a major tourist destination, claiming attractive heritage hotels and sights from its long history.
Jodhpur also has the largest standardized test training industry in western Rajasthan, with top coaching institutes for theIIT-JEE,NEET-UGandNEET-PG, and Civil Service Exams.
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited(HPCL) and the government of Rajasthan have been working since 2018 on a joint project to construct a refinery inPachpadra,Barmer districtwith a capacity of nine MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum). The refinery is expected to come online in January 2024, and was described by Union Petroleum MinisterHardeep Singh Purias "...the 'Jewel of the Desert', bringing jobs, opportunities and joy to the people of Rajasthan...".Pachpadra lies just 60 kilometres from the industrial area of Boranada in Jodhpur. Around 120 by-products produced by the refinery are expected to provide major opportunities for new industries to be set up in and around Jodhpur.
India's most ambitious industrial development project, the over US$100 billionDelhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor Projectis also expected to impact the industrial scenario in Jodhpur in a big way. Marwar Junction, which is located about 100 kilometres from the city, will be one of the nine freight loading points along the DMIC route. In addition, both the Jodhpur andPalidistricts fall under the region that is planned to be developed as a manufacturing hub for the DMIC.
The present Member of Parliament from Jodhpur isGajendra Singh Shekhawatof theBJP.
Jodhpur is a significant city of western Rajasthan and lies about 250 km from the border withPakistan. This location makes it a key base for theIndian Army,Indian Air Force(IAF), andBorder Security Force. Jodhpur'sSouth Western Air Commandis one of Asia's largest and one of the most critical and strategically locatedairbases of the IAF(TheJodhpur Airportplayed the crucial role during the Indo-Pakistani wars of1965and1971) deployedfighter jetsandadvanced light helicopters. There are 5 squadrons of Indian Air force which known as 32 wing.
Jodhpur has culturally been known by the name ofJodhanaby the locals.The city is famous for its food and its popularity can be judged by the fact that one can find sweet shops named "Jodhpur Sweets" in many cities throughoutIndia. Being at the onshore ofThar Desert, life has been influenced by ways of select nomadic tribes (so-called "gypsy" groups –Banjarain Hindi – have settled in some parts of the city).Jodhpur has distinct cultural identity through its food and is famous for itsMirchi Bada, Rabdi Ghewar and Mawa Kachori.
Jodhpur's most notable attractions areMehrangarh Fortwhich overlooks upon the city, the blue bylanes of the old city are also an attraction,Umaid Bhawan Palace,Jaswant Thada, and theGhanta Ghar, or Clock Tower. Tourists are also within proximity toMandore Garden,Kaylana Lake and Garden,Balsamand Lake,Machia Biological Park, Rao Jodha Desert Rock Park, Ratanada Ganesh Temple, Toorji Ka Jhalra, Sardar Samand Lake and Palace, Masooria Hills, Veer Durgadas Smarak (monument, park, and museum), Surpura Dam and Bhim Bhadak Cave. Other attractions of people are at markets of food, antique items, traditional clothes and traditional shoes (also calledJodhpuri Mojari) held in Jodhpur.Mahamandira, a temple consecrated to Sri Jalandharnath, is known for its murals showing ascetics in yoga poses and murals bearing inscriptional records of the dignitaries visiting the shrine which includesCharanas,nobles, and theRajas.
The city is famous for its charming locations and is often featured in various films, advertisements, music videos, and soaps. The historic buildings and landscapes of the city were featured in a number of movies, includingThe Dark Knight Risesdirected byChristopher Nolan;BaadshahostarringAjay DevgnandEmraan Hashmi,The Darjeeling Limitedstarring Owen Wilson, Adrien Brody, and Jason Schwartzman;The Falldirected byTarsem Singh;Hum Saath-Saath Haindirected bySooraj Barjatya;Veerdirected by Anil Sharma;Shuddh Desi Romancedirected byManeesh Sharma;Idirected by S. Shankar,Kung Fu YogastarringJackie Chan,Sonu Sood, andDisha Patani;LoaferstarringVarun TejandDisha Patani;SupremestarringSai Dharam TejandRashi Khanna; andAirliftfeaturingAkshay KumarandNimrat Kaur.Many foreign-language films and series have also been shot in Jodhpur, such asBuddies in India, which was produced in Mandarin and was launched in China in 2017 featuring some Indian actors, and even the songs were in Hindi.
Bengali movieSonar Kelladirected bySatyajit Raywas shot in Jodhpur. The movie featured Jodhpur city as it was in early 1970s. The characters stayed in Jodhpur Circuit house. The movie was based on Novel of the same name written bySatyajit Ray, the director himself.
A number of dishes fromIndian cuisineoriginated in Jodhpur. The city savours a number of food items, but the specialties of the city arePyaaj Kachori,Mirchi Badaand Mawa Kachori.Dal-Baati-Churma, Makhaniya Lassi, Ker Sangri are also some famous foods in Jodhpur.
Educational facilities include:
Major research institutes and organizations have been established in the city for promoting research:
Rajasthan High Courtis the High Court of the state of Rajasthan. It was established on 21 June 1949 under the Rajasthan High Court Ordinance, 1949.
The High Court of Rajasthan was founded in 1949 in Jodhpur and was inaugurated by the Rajpramukh, Maharaja Sawai Man Singh on 29 August 1949. The first Chief Justice was Kamala Kant Verma and the current Chief Justice of the Rajasthan High Court is the Honorable Justice Manindra Mohan Shrivastava. A bench was formed at Jaipur which was dissolved in 1958 and was again formed on 31 January 1977. Currently, there are forty sanctioned judges.
Till 2020, the city was administered by a single municipal body, Jodhpur Nagar Nigam with a mayor. In 2019, theRajasthan governmentdecided to form two municipal corporation inJaipur, Jodhpur andKotafor better administration.For administrative purposes, the city is divided intowards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. The municipal corporation has elected members known as councilors, orparshadin Hindi, representing their respective wards (geographical units of the city). The ward members are elected by direct voting by electorate for a period of 5 years. In addition to these directly elected members, the corporation has fourex-officiomembers (one member of parliament, three members of legislative assembly, namely Sardarpura, Soorsagar, City), and three nominated members. Currently, the city has two civic bodies – Jodhpur North and Jodhpur South each headed by a mayor. Each municipal corporation has 80 wards, making a total of 160 wards in the city.The Jodhpur Development Authority (JDA) executes and supervises plans and schemes for the development of the urban region.
The city has well-established rail, road, and air networks connecting it to other major cities of the country.
For experiencing the true magnificence and royal opulence of Rajasthan,luxury trainsPalace on Wheels,Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, andMaharaja Expressare run jointly byRajasthan Tourism Development CorporationandIndian Railways.Jodhpur is one of the destinations of both of the trains.
In 2012-13 Railway Budget,A plan for building a High Speed Rail Corridor between Delhi-Jodhpur via Jaipur and Ajmer of 591 km was introduced which later in 2020 was included in HSR by Indian Railways and Government of India and now is in Pre-Feasibility phase.
In 2013, a plan to start metro train service in Jodhpur was proposed by then Rajasthan Government to decongest the city traffic. However, this proposal is still pending with the state government for its approval.But in 2021, Jodhpur Development Authority and Municipal Corporations made a Future Mobility Plan where a 35-km Metro Line is proposed fromIIT Jodhpurto Jaisalmer Bypass after Year 2030. With another proposed 11 more BRTS Corridors in Jodhpur between 2021–2030 to provide public transport to the increasing population before starting Metro.
Suburban stations around Jodhpur:
Jodhpur Airportis one of the prominent airports of Rajasthan. It is primarily a military airbase with a civilian enclosure to allow for civilian air traffic. Due to Jodhpur's strategic location, this airport is regarded as one of the most important ones for the Indian Air Force.
At present,  direct flights from Ahmedabad, Belgaum, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata and Mumbai to the city are operated byAir IndiaIndigo,SpiceJet,VistaraandStar Air. The bill and basic formalities for the long-awaited expansion of the airport were cleared by all the concerned authorities in June 2016, clearing the way for the expansion of the airport in two phases beginning February 2016. After the expansion, morning and evening flights are expected from the city to more cities than presently available, in addition to more airlines coming to and from the city.
Jodhpur is connected by road to all major cities in Rajasthan and neighboring states, such as Delhi, Ahmedabad, Surat, Ujjain, and Agra. Apart from deluxe and express bus services to cities within the state, Rajasthan Roadways provides Volvo and Mercedes Benz bus service to Delhi, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Udaipur, and Jaisalmer. In 2016, Bus Rapid Transit System Jodhpur was launched in the city with low-floor and semi-low-floor buses plying on 6 major routes.Jodhpur is connected to theNational Highway networkwith three national highways and to theRajasthan State Highway networkwith 10 state highways.Jodhpur Ring Roadis under construction encircling Jodhpur to reduce vehicular traffic.
National highways passing through Jodhpur include:
State highways passing through Jodhpur are:
Paota Bus Standis the most importantbus stand for all government and private busesto and from JodhpurThe route is operated by theRSRTC. This Bus stand serves various rural andurbanareas. This is the biggestBus standin Jodhpur.
Jodhpur has two outdoor stadiums and one indoor stadium complex:
are also among other sports facilities. The city has a well-developed polo ground where tournaments are held occasionally.
Jodhpur has these FM stations:
Tehsils of Jodhpur: