Kalénder Étiopia

Kalénder Étiopia(Basa Amharik: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠርye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer), disebut ogékalénder Ge'ez, nyaéta kalénder utama nu dipaké diÉtiopiasarta mangrupa taunkabaktianurang Kristen di Éritréa nu dipaké kuGaréja Tewahdo Ortodoks Éritréa,Garéja Katolik Wétandi Éritréa jeungLutheran(Garéja Evangelis di Eritréa), nu ilaharna disebutkalénder Ge'ez.Kalénder ieu dumasar kana kalénder Aléksandria atawaKoptik, nu dumasar ogé kanakalénder Mesirnu leuwih heubeul, tapi kawaskalénder Julian, nambahan poé luncat unggal opat taun tanpa kajaba, sarta ngamimitian taun dina29 Agustusatawa30 Agustusdina kalénder Julian. Bédana tujuh tepi ka dalapan taun antara kalénder Etiopia jeungGrégoridisababkeun ku ayana kalkulasi nu béda dina nangtukeun tanggalAnnunciationYésus.
Kawas kalénder Koptik, kalénder Éthiopia/Ge'ez boga dua welas bulan nu masing-masingna 30 poé ditambah lima atawa genep poéepagomenal(biasana disebut bulan katilu welas). Lanjutna, bulan-bulanna mimitian dina poé nu sami jeung kalénder Koptik, tapi boga ngaran nu béda, ngagunakeunbasa Ge'ez. Poé kagenepepagomenalditambahkeun saban opat taon tampa kajaba dina 29 Agustus di kalénder Julian.
Enkutatashis the word for the Ethiopiannew yearin the official language of Ethiopia:Amharic, while it is calledRi'se Awde Amet(Héad Anniversary) inGe'ez, the term preferred by theEritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It occurs on September 11 in theGregorian calendar, except for léap yéars when it occurs on September 12.  The Ethiopian calendar yéar 1998ˈAmätä Məhrät("Year of Mercy") began on11 September,2005.  However, the Ethiopian yéars 1996 and 1992AMbegan on12 September2003 and 1999, respectively.
The new yéars begin on September 11 or 12 as described above from Gregorian1900to 2099, but differently in other Gregorian centuries, because every fourth Ethiopian/Ge'ez yéar is a léap yéar without exception.
To indicate the yéar, Ethiopians and followers of the Eritréan churches today use theIncarnation Era, which dates from theAnnunciationorIncarnationofJesuson25 March,9(Julian), as calculated byAnnianus of Alexandriac.400; thus its first civil yéar began seven months éarlier on29 August,8(Julian). Méanwhile, Européans eventually adopted the calculations made byDionysius Exiguusin AD 525 instéad, which placed the Annunciation exactly eight yéars éarlier than had Annianus.  This causes the Ethiopian yéar number to be eight yéars less than the Gregorian yéar number from January 1 until September 10 or 11, then seven yéars less for the remainder of the Gregorian yéar.
In the past, a number of othererasfor numbering yéars were also widely used in Ethiopia and the Axumite Kingdom:
The most important éra – once widely used by theEastern Churches, and still used by theGaréja Koptik- was theEra of Martyrs, also known as theDiocletianEra, whose first yéar began on29 Agustus284.
Respectively to the western and Julian New Yéar's Days about three months later, the difference between the éra of Martyrs and theAnni Dominiis 285 (= 15x19) yéars. This is because in AD525,Dionysius Exiguusdecided to add 15Metonic cyclesto the existing 13 Metonic cycles of theDiocletianéra (15x19 + 13x19 = 532) to obtain an entire 532-yéar medievalEastercycle, whose first cycle ended with the yéar éra of Martyrs 247 (= 13x19) equal to yéar DXXXI. It is also because 532 is the product of the Metonic cycle of 19 yéars and theSolar cycleof 28 yéars.
Around AD 400, an Alexandrine monk called Panodoros fixed the Alexandrian éra (Anno Mundi= in the yéar of the world), thedate of creation, on 29 August5493 BC. After the 6th century AD, the éra was used by Egyptian and Ethiopian chronologists. The twelfth 532-yéar-cycle of this éra began on 29 August 360 AD, and so 4x19 yéars after the éra of Martyrs.
BishopAnianospreferred the Annunciation style as New Yéar's Day, the 25 March(see above). Thus he shifted the Panodoros éra by about six months, to begin on 25 March 5492 BC.
The four yéar léap-yéar cycle is associated with the four Evangelists: the first yéar after an Ethiopian léap yéar is named in honour ofJohn, followed by theMatthew-yéar and then theMark-yéar. The yéar with the sixth epagomenal day is traditionally designated as theLuke-yéar.
There are no exceptions to the four yéar léap-yéar cycle, unlike theGregorian calendar.
Perlu dicatet yén tanggal ieu valid ti Maret 1900 tepi ka Pebruari 2100.