davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Kilindini Harbour

Kilindini Harbour is a large, natural deep-water inlet extending inland from Mombasa, Kenya. It is 25–30 fathoms (46–55 m) at its deepest center, although the controlling depth is the outer channel in the port approaches with a dredged depth of 17.5 m (57 ft). It serves as the harbour for Mombasa, with a hinterland extending to Uganda. Kilindini Harbour is the main part of the Port of Mombasa, the only international seaport in Kenya and the biggest port in east Africa. It is managed by the Kenya Ports Authority (KPA). Apart from cargo handling, Mombasa is frequented by cruise ships.
Kilindini is a Swahili term meaning "deep down" or "in the depths" in reference to the depth of the channel. Kilindini Harbor is an example of a natural geographic phenomenon called a ria, formed millions of years ago when the sea level rose and engulfed a river that was flowing from the mainland.
Mombasa has a centuries-old history as a harbour city. The Kilindini harbour was inaugurated in 1896 when work started on the construction of the Uganda Railway.
During World War II, while Kenya was a British colony, Kilindini became the temporary base of the British Eastern Fleet from early 1942 until the Japanese naval threat to Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) had been removed. Nearby, the Far East Combined Bureau, an outstation of the British code-breaking operation at Bletchley Park, was housed in a requisitioned school (Allidina Visram High School, Mombasa) and had success in breaking Japanese naval codes.
On 29 August 2013, expansion of the port enabled it to handle Panamax Vessels. The project was launched in July 2011 at a cost of $82.15 million by the Kenyan Government and was carried out by China Roads and Bridge Corporation. A new berth, Berth 19, with 6.1 ha (15 acres) of stacking yard, has provided additional annual capacity of 200,000 TEU. The project is to increase the port throughput by 33%, consolidating the leading status of Mombasa as well as Kenya in East Africa. This expansion came alongside plans to construct railways better linking the port to Uganda and Rwanda.
The Kenyan Government has also started facilitating the development of a Free Port on a 1,200 ha (3,000 acres) of land owned by the Authority at Dongo Kundu area through public private partnership arrangements. Also underway is the Road Bypass project to link the project area and Mombasa – Lunga Lunga – Nairobi Highway. Known as the Dongo Kundu bypass the projects aim is to ease traffic flow to Kenya's South Coast. Construction is to begin in late 2013. Construction was completed in July 2024 and is now operational.
A new international seaport, the Lamu Port is under construction in Lamu. Lamu Port is to be larger than Kilindini Harbour but the Kenya Ports Authority says that the two ports won't compete but complement each other.
The port will have 32 berths and dredged entrance channel done to 18 m (59 ft) to enable it to accommodate ships of 120,000 DWT (Post-Panamax Vessels) The cost for the Short-term Plan for Lamu Port Project, including the first 3 berths, is estimated to be US$664 million. The First Phase is to be completed by 2016.
Kenya Ports Authority

Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) is a state corporation with the responsibility to "maintain, operate, improve and regulate all scheduled seaports" on the Indian Ocean coastline of Kenya, including principally Kilindini Harbour at Mombasa. Other KPA ports include Lamu, Malindi, Kilifi, Mtwapa, Kiunga, Shimoni, Funzi and Vanga.
The headquarters of KPA are located inside the Port of Mombasa in the Kenyan coast. The coordinates of the headquarters of Kenya Ports Authority are 04°04'13.0"S, 39°39'52.0"E (Latitude:-4.070267; Longitude:39.664452). KPA also has offices in its other ports namely Lamu, Nairobi dry port, Naivasha dry port, Eldoret dry port and Kisumu port.
The KPA was established in 1978 through an act of Parliament.
Kenya Ports Authority is an investor in Kenya National Shipping Line, a state corporation of Kenya formed in 1989, currently owned by KPA and three non-Kenyan corporate investos.
In 1989, the government of Kenya brought together the operation and regulation of existing ferry services, including the Likoni Ferry service at Likoni, Mombasa, into one subsidiary of the KPA, Kenya Ferry Services. The subsidiary was devolved to the status of an independent Kenya state corporation in 1998, 20 percent owned by KPA and 80 percent owned by other Kenyan Government entities.
KPA also owns various sports teams, including Kenyan Premier League team Bandari FC and a leading basketball club.
In August 2014, Kenya Ports Authority signed a deal worth US$478 million with China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) for the construction of three Port Lamu berths. The three new berths will form part of the US$24 billion Lamu Port and Lamu-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET) and take Port Lamu's berth count to 32 upon completion.
List of museums in Quebec

This list of museums in Quebec, Canada contains museums which are defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing. Also included are non-profit art galleries and university art galleries. Museums that exist only in cyberspace (i.e., virtual museums) are not included.
To use the sortable table, click on the icons at the top of each column to sort that column in alphabetical order; click again for reverse alphabetical order.
대구 팔공산 마애약사여래좌상

대구 팔공산 마애약사여래좌상(大邱 八公山 磨崖藥師如來坐像)은 대한민국 대구광역시 동구 용수동, 팔공산에 있는 남북국 시대 신라의 불상이다. 1982년 3월 4일 대구광역시의 유형문화재 제3호로 지정되었다.
대구 팔공산 중앙봉의 정상 가까운 절벽에 새겨진 거대한 크기의 마애약사불상이다.
민머리 위에는 상투 모양의 머리묶음이 큼직하며, 탄력있고 우아한 얼굴은 이목구비가 세련되고 단아하다. 둥근 어깨는 탄력있어 보이며, 허리는 잘록하게 표현되었다. 무릎에서 밖으로 내려뜨린 오른손과 무릎 위에 얹어 약 그릇을 들고 있는 왼손의 세련성 등은 이상적인 사실주의 양식을 보여주고 있다. 왼쪽 어깨를 감싼 옷은 몸의 굴곡이 드러날 정도로 얇은 편인데 옷주름은 자연스럽고도 규칙적이며, 가슴에서 옷깃이 한번 뒤집히는 등 8세기 불상의 특징을 보이고 있다.
광배(光背)는 불꽃이 타오르는 모습으로, 머리광배와 몸광배가 표현되어 있으며 연꽃무늬와 덩쿨무늬를 정교하게 새겨 넣었다. 대좌(臺座)는 위와 아래를 향하고 있는 연꽃잎을 새겼으며, 이들을 받치고 있는 용 두 마리가 표현되어 있어 화려한 모습이다.
병고에 허덕이는 수많은 중생들의 돈독한 믿음을 받았던 이 약사불은 우아하고 화려한 사실주의 양식의 작품으로 남북국 시대에 만든 작품으로 보인다.
섬진강

섬진강(蟾津江)은 전북특별자치도 진안군 백운면의 팔공산 자락의 옥녀봉 아래 데미샘이 발원지로, 재첩이 유명하다. 길이는 223 km로 소백산맥과 노령산맥 사이를 굽이쳐 흐르면서, 보성강과 여러 지류와 합쳐 광양만으로 흘러든다. 대한민국 5대강 중 수질이 가장 깨끗한 강으로 알려져 있다.
섬진강을 현지에서 부르던 옛 이름은 모래내, 두치 등으로 모래사장이 넓게 발달하여 불린 이름이었다. 고려 우왕 때 왜구가 침략하였다가 수 만 마리의 두꺼비가 한꺼번에 울어서 놀라 물러났다는 전설이 섬진(蟾津, 두꺼비 나루)의 유래가 되었고 이것이 강 이름으로 굳었다. 섬진은 오늘날 광양시 다압면 도사리에 있던 군사 요충지이다.
유역에 임실, 남원, 곡성 등의 분지가 있으나 평지는 극히 드문 편이다. 수력자원이 비교적 풍부하며, 섬진강 본류를 가로지르는 다목적댐인 섬진강댐, 유역 변경식 발전소인 섬진강 수력 발전소, 지류인 보성강 등에도 유역변경식 발전소가 있다. 길이 223.8 km, 유역면적 4,911.9 km이고, 강이 좁고 물 속에 바위가 많아 선박이 다니는 데 불편해서 가항 거리는 39 km에 불과하다.
금남호남정맥의 산줄기인 팔공산 북서쪽의 '천상데미(하늘에 오르는 봉우리)' 서쪽 기슭, 진안군 백운면 원신암마을 북쪽계곡 상추막이골에 섬진강의 발원샘인 '데미샘'이 자리잡고 있다. 섬진강은 데미샘에서 남해의 광양만까지 223km를 흘러가는 호남 지방의 옥토를 가꾸는 젖줄기이고, 데미샘은 전국에서 네 번째로 긴 섬진강의 발원지로서의 상징성을 지니고 있어 2016년 1월 5일 산림청장이 국가산림문화자산 제2015-0008호 섬진강 발원지 데미샘으로 지정하였다
섬진강은 지리산을 중심으로 한 여러 산악들 사이를 굽어 흘러 광양만으로 흘러드는 강이다. 수역에 남원, 구례, 순천과 같은 도시들이 자리잡고 있다.
섬진강은 영남 지괴의 일부를 이루는 산악 지역을 흐른다. 지질은 대부분 선캄브리아기에 형성된 기반암이 오랜 세월 변형된 변성암으로 편마암이 흔하다. 산지를 따라 흐르기 때문에 경사가 급한 편이지만 하구에 이르러 경사가 완만해지면서 다양한 침식 지질 구조를 형성하고 습지가 발달해 있다. 강의 길이가 짧고 경사가 급해 자연적인 소호는 발달하지 않았고 현재 있는 것은 모두 인공적인 저수지이다.
현대에 들어 댐 건설, 하천 직선화 토건 사업, 교량의 설치 등으로 바닥에 퇴적물이 쌓여 하상 변화율이 커졌다. 1993년 주암댐 건설 이후 하구인 하동읍 지역은 유지 수량의 부족으로 황폐화되었다. 행정당국은 토사를 준설하고 쓰레기를 치우며 환경을 개선하고자 하고 있으나 수량 부족의 원인인 댐이 있는 한 근본적인 치유가 되고 있지는 못하다.
섬진강의 생태권은 산악 지대 하천의 특성을 보이는 중상류와 갯벌이 발달하여 민물과 바닷물이 섞인 기수역을 형성하는 하구로 나눌 수 있다. 섬진강 중상류는 온대 기후대에 속하며 다양한 동식물이 살고있고, 하구 기수역에는 멸종위기종 8종을 포함하여 996종의 생물이 서식하고 있다.
팔공산 벚꽃축제

팔공산 벚꽃축제는 대구광역시 동구 용수동에 위치한 팔공산 동화지구에서 매년 4월에 개최하는 벚꽃 축제이다. 다양한 프로그램으로 관광객 및 시민들에게 즐거움을 주고 있다.
팔공산 벚꽃축제는 2009년부터 시작되어 해마다 4월, 대구광역시 동구 불로동에서부터 팔공산 동화사 옆 동화지구에 이르는 벚꽃터널의 아름다움을 관광객들이 감상하고 다양한 프로그램을 즐길 수 있도록 하기 위해 마련되었다. 해마다 벚꽃이 피고 지는 시기가 다르기 때문에 행사의 일정이 미루어지는 경우도 있었으나, 관광객들이 많이 찾아와주고 있다.
팔공산 벚꽃축제는 매년 4월에 5일간 진행되는 축제이다. 대표적인 행사로는 팔공산 인공암벽등반, 봄나물 비빔밥 축제, 벚꽃가요제 등이 있다. 팔공산 인공암벽등반은 일반인, 초등학생 재학생, 가족 단위의 관광객들을 대상으로 탑골 인공암벽장에서 진행된다. 봄나물 비빔밥 축제는 팔공산 청정 미나리 무료 시식회로 봄철의 향토 특산물인 산나물을 소재로 시민들의 건강 및 행운을 기원하며 초대형 봄나물 비빔밥(약 1,000안분)을 즉석에서 비벼서 제공해주고 있다. 또한 현장에서 접수 한 사람들을 대상으로 벚꽃가요제를 진행하고 있다. 눈과 귀의 즐거움을 한 번에 즐길 수 있는 프로그램이다. 그 외에 국악춤, 색소폰 연주, 밸리댄스 등과 가수들의 축하공연도 마련되어 있다. 매년 축제의 프로그램과 시기는 조금씩 달라진다. [1]
문수보살

문수보살(文殊菩薩, 산스크리트어: मञ्जुश्री Mañjuśrī, 만주슈리)은 관세음보살, 보현보살, 지장보살과 더불어 불교의 4대 보살로 불린다. 보통 사자를 타고, 칼을 쥐고 있는 모습이다. 지혜를 상징하여, 예불문에서는 큰 지혜의 문수보살이라는 뜻으로 "대지(大智) 문수보살"이라고 칭한다. 문수보살을 봉안한 전각을 보통 문수전이라고 한다.
한국의 대표적인 문수성지는 강원도 평창군 오대산 월정사이다. 산 전체가 문수성지인 곳은 남한에서 오대산이 유일하다. 또한 월정사의 말사인 상원사에는 조선 세조가 직접 보았다는 문수동자를 본뜬 상이 있다.
범어 원어로는 Manjushri(만주슈리)라고 하는데, 이를 중국에서는 한자로 文殊師利(문수사리) 또는 文殊尸利(문수시리)라고 썼다. "만주"는 '달다［甘］, 묘하다, 훌륭하다'는 뜻이고, "슈리"는 '복덕(福德)이 많다, 길상(吉祥)하다'는 뜻으로, 두 단어를 합치면 훌륭한 복덕을 지녔다는 뜻이 된다.
청나라 태조 아이신기로오 누르하치가 산스크리트어(범어)인 '만주슈리'에서 이름을 따와서, 여진족 땅의 이름을 만주로 바꿨다는 설이 있다. 또다른 설로는 여진어(만주어)로 여진은 '주션'이라고 하는데, 중국말로는 '노예'라는 뜻이라서 바꿨다고 한다.
문수보살의 정체에 대해서는 여러 가지 설이 존재한다.
문수보살은 석가모니가 열반에 들고 나서, 인도에 태어나 반야(般若)의 지혜를 선양했다고 한다. 『반야경』을 결집, 편찬했다고 한다. 이 덕분에 모든 부처의 스승이자 부모라고 표현되어왔다. 그래서 반야지혜의 상징이 되었다는 설이다.
문수보살인 오랜 옛날에 이미 성불하여 용존상불(龍尊上佛), 대신불(大身佛), 신선불(神仙佛)이라는 이름으로 불렸다고 한다. 석가모니의 교화를 돕기 위해 일시적으로 몸을 바꾸어 보살이 되었다는 설이다. 미래에는 또 다시 부처가 되어, 보견여래(普見如來)라고 불린다고 한다.
유명한 불교경전인 『천수경』에는 참제업장십이존불(업장을 녹여주는 12명의 부처)이라는 내용이 있는데, 여기에 환희장마니보적불이 나온다. 이 환희장마니보적불이 문수보살이라는 설이다. 환희장마니보적불은 북방 상희세계(常喜世界)에 있고, 이 이름을 들으면 4가지 중한 죄인 '사중죄(四重罪)'가 소멸한다고 한다.
문수보살이 사자를 타고 있다는 최초의 기록은 『다라니집경』이다. "문수보살의 몸은 흰색이며 정수리 뒤에 빛이 있다. 칠보의 영락과 보관, 천의 등 갖가지로 장엄하고 사자에 올라타고 있다"고 기록되어 있다. 문수보살이 들고 있는 칼은 중생의 모든 장애와 번뇌를 잘라 없애버리는 지혜를 상징한다.
한국 사찰에서는 대웅전에서 석가모니불의 협시 보살로써, 보현보살 또는 관세음보살과 함께 봉안이 된다. 한국 사찰에서는 보통 다른 보살들처럼 평범한 모습을 하고 있으며, 혹은 사자를 타고 있는 모습을 보이기도 한다.
왼손에 청련화를 쥐고 있는데, 일체 여래의 지혜와 무상(無相)의 지덕(智德)을 맡아서 제법에 물들지 아니하여 마음이 머무르는 곳이 없다는 뜻이라고 한다. 머리에 상투를 맺고 있는 것은 지혜를 상징하며, 다섯 개의 상투는 대일여래의 오지(五智)를 표현한 것이라고 한다. 다섯 동자로 문수의 분신을 나타내는 경우도 있다고 한다.
경상도 청량산, 강원도 오대산, 울진의 문수산, 금강산 문수봉 등이 문수신앙과 관련이 있다. 불교의 우주관에 따르면 세상은 수미산 남쪽의 남섬부주며 오정산은 다섯 봉우리의 산으로 오대산과 같은 뜻으로 여겨 오대산 신앙을 낳았고, 고려 말 공민왕 때 신돈이 문수회를 만들어 문수법회를 여는 등 왕실의 후원을 입어 후대에까지 전승되었다.
문수보살은 보현보살과 함께 부처의 협시불로서 삼존불을 모신 법당에 흔한 보살이나 관음, 미륵, 지장신앙 만큼 독자적으로 민간에서 신앙되지는 못했다. 한국에는 신라 27대 선덕여왕때 중국을 통해 자장율사가 소개했다.
울산 문수사는 원성왕때 연회국사가 창건했는데, 길을 걷던 연희대사가 문수대성이 현신한 농부를 처음 만난 자리에 문수암을 짓고, 변재천녀가 현신한 처녀를 만난 곳에 보현암을 지었다고 한다.
또 다른 설은 선덕여왕때 자장이 창건했는데, 중국을 다녀온 자장율사가 울산을 지나던 중 문수산의 모습이 너무 깨끗하고 성스럽고 중국에 있던 청량산과 닮아서 청량산이라 이름하고 문수암을 세웠다고 한다. 울산 태화동에 자장율사가 태화사지를 만들고, 강 이름을 태화강이라 불렀으며, 또한 울산에는 문수보살이 현신한 승려를 묘사한 <헐수정과 무거동> 전설도 전해진다.
전라북도 고창 청량산 문수사도 자장율사가 선덕왕 13년에 창건했는데, 대웅전 뒤 문수전에 높이 2.25미터의 문수보살 석상이 있다.
문수보살의 10가지 대원은 다음과 같다.
1. 모든 중생이 부처님의 가르침을 성취하게 하고, 갖가지 방편으로 불도에 들게 할 것이다.
2. 나를 비방하고 미워하고 죽게 만드는 중생이라도 모두 보리심을 내게 할 것이다.
3. 나를 사랑하거나 미워하거나, 깨끗한 행동을 하거나 나쁜 행동을 하거나, 모두 보리심을 내게 할 것이다.
4. 나를 속이고 업신여기거나, 삼보(三寶)를 비방하는 교만한 중생들이라도 모두 보리심을 내게 할 것이다.
5. 나를 천대하고 방해하며 구하지 않는 중생들 조차도 모두 보리심을 내게 할 것이다.
6. 살생을 업으로 하는 중생이나 재물에 욕심이 많은 중생까지도 모두 보리심을 내게 할 것이다.
7. 모든 복덕을 부처님의 보리도에 회향하고 중생이 모두 복을 받게 할 것이며, 모든 수행자에게 보리심을 내게 할 것이다.
8. 불교(六途)의 중생과 함께 중생을 교화할 것이며, 그들이 모두 보리심을 내게 할 것이다.
9. 삼보를 비방하고 악업을 일삼는 중생들이라도, 모두 보리심을 내게하여 위없는 깨달음을 구하게 할 것이다.
10. 자비(慈悲)와 허공같이 넓게 무엇이든 내어 놓는 희사(喜捨)의 마음으로, 중생을 끊임없이 제도하여 보리를 깨닫고 정각을 이루게 할 것이다.
Chaneti Buddhist Stupa

30°10′00″N 77°20′27″E﻿ / ﻿30.166598°N 77.340782°E﻿ / 30.166598; 77.340782 Chaneti Buddhist Stupa is a 3rd century BC monument protected by the Government of India. The stupa is located in the Yamunanagar district of Haryana, three kilometers east of Jagadhri, and about three kilometers northwest of the archaeological site Sugh. The stupa has been referred by traveller Hiuen Tsang.
The stupa is hemispherical, made of baked bricks which are layered on each other in a concentric manner.
Seomjin River

The Seomjin River (Korean: 섬진강) is a river in South Korea. It flows through southeastern North Jeolla Province, eastern South Jeolla Province, and western South Gyeongsang Province province. It flows into the Korea Strait. The Seomjin River originates from Palgongsan and flows for 212.3 kilometers before reaching its final destination in Gwangyang, where it enters Gwangyang Bay.
The Seomjingang watershed comprises some 4,896.5 km². This area includes both farmland and a great deal of pristine mountain country, including the Jirisan area. A wide variety of animals are found along the river, including the European otter, Lutra lutra. Principal tributaries include the Boseong River and Yocheon stream.
The name "Seomjin" literally means "toad ferry." This name is believed to date from Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea in the 1590s. According to legend, a swarm of toads blocked the Japanese army from crossing the Seomjin into northern Jeolla.
In August 2020, consecutive days of heavier-than-usual rainfall caused the river to overflow and a levee on river collapsed, resulting in massive flooding. Thousands of residents who lived in villages and towns along the river were left homeless as entire communities were submerged by the floodwaters.
Upacara

Upacara (pinjaman bahasa Sanskrit उपचार upacāra "pelayanan, kehadiran") adalah suatu keramaian yang ditindakkan atau dilakukan menurut adat baik secara budaya masyarakat mahupun agama di mana ia bersifat istiadat dan tatacara. Ia turut boleh dipakai dalam konteks luar kerohanian sebagai menandakan peristiwa penting yang lain.
Upacara terbahagi kepada tiga jenis utama:
Yasoda

Dalam mitologi Hindu, Yasoda (Sanskrit: यशोदा; Yaśodā) adalah nama seorang gopi (pengembala wanita), isteri Nanda. Dia juga merupakan ibu tiri Krishna ketika Krishna masih kanak-kanak. Yasoda tinggal di Gokula, suatu komuniti pengembala lembu di India Selatan. Yasoda sangat rapat dengan Krishna dan sering muncul dalam kisah masa kecil Krishna di Gokula dan Vrindavana.
Pada mulanya, Yasoda melahirkan seorang bayi perempuan yang lahir sama dengan Krishna, namun di tempat yang berbeza. Untuk menyelamatkan Krishna dari kejahatan Kamsa, bayi perempuan Yasoda ditukar dengan Krishna. Sejak itu, Krishna berada dalam asuhan Yasoda.
Jika anda melihat rencana yang menggunakan templat {{tunas}} ini, gantikanlah dengan templat tunas yang lebih spesifik.
Mayang Mengurai (drama)

Mayang Mengurai merupakan salah sebuah drama yang disiarkan pada 2010 di slot Lagenda di TV3.
Kisahnya bermula dengan seorang pengamal ilmu hitam, Kornilam yang dahagakan kuasa dan ilmu sakti. Kornilam terlalu taksub dengan keabadian hidup dan awet muda, maka dia perlu mendapatkan tiga bayi perempuan sebagai penyambung kuasa saktinya. Kornilam menyasarkan tiga pasangan suami isteri dan dengan tipu muslihatnya, mereka terpaksa mengalah dan menyerahkan bayi kepadanya.
Ketiga-tiga bayi itu membesar menjadi gadis yang jelita dan diturunkan kuasa masing-masing. Mayang Indera mempunyai sepasang mata yang cantik dan mampu memukau sesiapa yang memandangnya. Mayang Merdu pula mempunyai suara yang merdu dan boleh memukau sesiapa yang mendengar nyanyiannya. Yang paling bongsu dan istimewa ialah Mayang Mengurai yang mana keistimewaannya adalah pada rambutnya yang panjang mengurai dan menjadi nadi nyawa Kornilam. Disebabkan keistimewaan Mayang Mengurai ini, Kornilam mengurung Mayang Mengurai di atas menara tinggi dan tidak membenarkannya keluar. Kornilam akan menyuruh Mayang Mengurai menghulurkan rambutnya turun dari menara sebagai jalan dia memanjat menara itu. Mayang Indera dan Mayang Merdu pula dipergunakan oleh Kornilam untuk mencari punca kewangan.
Kebajikan haiwan

Kebajikan haiwan bermaksud kesejahteraan fizikal dan psikologi haiwan (bukan manusia). Istilah kebajikan haiwan juga memaksudkan keprihatinan manusia terhadap kesejahteraan haiwan ataupun pendirian dalam perbahasan etika haiwan dan hak asasi haiwan.
Keprihatinan sistematik terhadap kebajikan haiwan bolehlah berasaskan kesedaran bahawa haiwan bukan manusia merupakan makhluk yang dapat merasa, oleh itu kesejahteraan haiwan harus diberi pertimbangan, khususnya apabila digunakan oleh manusia. Antara perkara-perkara yang diberi perhatian termasuklah bagaimana haiwan dibunuh untuk makanan, digunakan untuk penyelidikan sains, ataupun dibela sebagai haiwan peliharaan, dan bagaimana kegiatan manusia mempengaruhi kemandirian spesies terancam.
Konsep kebajikan haiwan berdepan dengan dua bentuk kritikan yang sangat bertentangan dengan satu sama lain. Satu pandangan dari zaman lalu menegaskan bahawa haiwan tidak mempunyai kesedaran diri seperti manusia, justeru tidak boleh mengalami ketaksejahteraan. Satu lagi pandangan adalah berdasarkan pendirian hak asasi haiwan bahawa haiwan tidak wajar dianggap sebagai harta, dan apa-apa sahaja penggunaan haiwan oleh manusia tidak boleh diterima. Oleh itu, sesetengah pihak memandang kebajikan haiwan dan hak asasi haiwan sebagai dua pendirian yang berbeza. Oleh yang demikian, sesetengah penyokong hak asasi haiwan berhujah bahawa persepsi kemudahan kebajikan haiwan yang lebih baik meneruskan dan meningkatkan eksploitasi terhadap haiwan, sedangkan yang lain pula melihat meningkatnya keprihatinan terhadap kebajikan haiwan sebagai jalan yang benar ke arah hak asasi haiwan.
Templat:Kebajikan haiwan
Haiwan menyendiri

Haiwan bersendirian adalah haiwan yang menghabiskan kebanyakan masa mereka tanpa yang lain sama spesies, dengan pengecualian bagi mengawan dan membesarkan anak.
Haiwan yang bersendirian seringkali haiwan yang mengawal jajahan mereka dan tidak suka kehadiran haiwan lain di jajahan mereka, terutamanya haiwan yang sama jenis. Ini mungkin disebabkan persaingan bagi peluang mengawan atau mengenai jajahan, atau ia merupakan cara yang lebih sesuai untuk hidup dipersekitaran ini. Apabila dua spesies yang sama berjumpa mereka seringkali memaparkan rupa bengis dan cuba menghalau sesama sendiri, tetapi jika tidak satupun berundur perkelahian mungkin meningkat. Dalam sesetengah spesies perkelahian ini boleh berakhir dengan kematian satu atau keduanya.
Haiwan bersendirian hanya bersama yang sama spesies dengannya ketika ia menjaga anak atau ketika ia bersedia untuk mengawan. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila anaknya tidak lagi bergantung dengannya anak itu akan samaada pergi dengan sendiri atau disingkirkan oleh keluarganya. Kecenderungan ini kemungkinannya ibu bapanya tidak tahan dengan kehadiran yang sama atau ia bersedia untuk mengawan sekali lagi dan tidak mampu menjaga kedua-dua anak pertama dan yang baru lahir. Semasa tempoh mengawan, haiwan bersendirian cuba mencari pasangan, dan sebaik sahaja ia selesai, haiwan itu mungkin mengulang proses mengawan beberapa kali sebelum meneruskan gaya hidup bersendiriannya.
Sesetengah haiwan hidup berkumpulan dan sesetengahnya hidup bersendirian. Haiwan dan tumbuhan tinggal dalam satu – satu kawasan. Kawasan di mana haiwan dan tumbuhan tinggal dikenali sebagai habitat. Habitat membekalkan makanan, air, tempat berteduh dan ruang untuk membiak. Sesetengah haiwan tinggal secara berkumpulan dan yang lain tinggal secara menyendiri dalam habitat mereka.
Kebanyakan haiwan yang tinggal secara menyendiri adalah pemangsa dan mangsa mereka tinggal secara berkumpulan. Pemangsa dan mangsa adalah salah satu bentuk interaksi antara haiwan. Haiwan yang hidup secara menyendiri melindungi diri mereka, selalunya pemangsa, dengan menggunakan kuku mereka yang tajam, gigi mereka yang kuat, menggunakan kekuatan tubuh badan mereka dan menggunakan bisa atau racun.
Haiwan yang tinggal secara menyendiri melakukan semua perkara sendirian. Mereka hidup dan memburu makanan sendirian. Haiwan ini mempunyai ruang yang cukup dan memadai untuk berehat dan tidur dalam habitat mereka.
dan apakah haiwan seterusnya?
Persatuan Pengilang Produk Haiwan Peliharaan Amerika Syarikat

Persatuan Produk Haiwan Peliharaan Amerika Syarikat (bahasa Inggeris: American Pet Products Association (APPA) ialah persatuan industri bukan untuk keuntungan yang ditubuhkan pada 1958 di Greenwich (Connecticut). APPMA mewakili lebih daripada 1000 pengilang produk haiwan peliharaan, pengimport produk haiwan peliharaan dan pembekal produk untuk haiwan ternakan bukan peliharaan.
APPMA menyokong minat ahlinya melalui polisi awam, urusan awam, dan kesedaran haiwan. Pada 2008, persatuan ini menggugurkan perkataan manufacturers (Melayu: pengilang) daripada namanya.
APPA menganjurkan Pameran Haiwan Peliharaan Global tahunan. Pameran 2012 menonjolkana 896 pempamer.
Templat:Tunas pertubuhan perniagaan
Brit milah

Brit milah (Bahasa Ibrani: בְּרִית מִילָה‎, pronounced [bʁit miˈla]; sebutan Ashkenazi: [bʁis ˈmilə], "kovenan khatan"; sebutan Yiddish : bris Templat:IPA-yi) merupakan upacara berkhatan lelaki dalam agama Yahudi yang dilakukan oleh seorang mohel ("tukang khatan") ke atas bayi lelaki yang berusia lapan hari. Brit milah disertai dengan upacara menjamu makanan (seudat mitzvah).
Menempah bidan

Menempah bidan atau kirim perut ialah upacara adat resam orang Melayu bagi bakal ibu yang mengandung tujuh bulan anak pertamanya. Tujuan asal upacara ini adalah untuk menentukan dan merasmikan bidan yang akan menyambut kelahiran bayi. Asal usul upacara ini diadakan atas sebab takut tiada bidan yang akan membantu pada hari kelahiran bayi dan tidak kelam-kabut.
Upacara ini sudah jarang diamalkan berbanding melenggang perut namun masih diamalkan oleh kerabat diraja Melayu.
Istiadat menempah bidan diurus oleh mertua wanita hamil dengan menyediakan alat melenggang perut dan menempah bidan. Persiapan dengan menghias rumah untuk majlis ini baik dilakukan pada hari Khamis malam Jumaat. Adat ini biasanya dilakukan pada 21-29 bulan Hijrah dan pada hari Rabu atau Khamis. Upacara ini dimulakan dengan alunan marhaban serta diikuti bacaan surah Yasin, tahlil dan berzanji. Istiadat ini juga diikuti dengan istiadat melenggang perut dan wanita yang mengandung itu akan direnjis air bunga mawar oleh ahli keluarga.
Persatuan Peguam-Peguam Muslim Malaysia

Persatuan Peguam-peguam Muslim Malaysia (PPMM) telah ditubuhkan pada 18hb Mac 1988 dan didaftarkan mengikut peruntukan seksyen 7 Akta Pertubuhan 1966 dengan nombor pendaftrannya ialah 680/88 (Wilayah Persekutuan).
OBJEKTIF
Persatuan ini empunyai tiga jenis keahlian iaitu :-
Mana-mana warganegara Malaysia yang beramal dalam lapangan perundangan sama ada dalam Perundangan Islam atau Perundangan atau kedua-duanya sekali layak untuk menjadi ahli biasa bagi Persatuan ini. Kelayakan tersebut merujuk kepada pemegang Ijazah Sarjana Muda (Syariah) atau Sarjana Muda Undang-undang (LLB) samada dari university tempatan mahupun luar Negara yang diiktiraf oleh kerajaan Malaysia.
Mana-mana pelajar yang masih dalam pengajian bagi Ijazah Sarjana Muda (Syariah) atau Sarjana Muda Undang-undang (LLB) samada dari university tempatan mahupun luar Negara yang diiktiraf oleh kerajaan Malaysia, layak untuk menjadi Ahli Bersekutu bagi Persatuan ini.
Mana-mana individu yang telah mencapai keutamaan dalam profesion undang-undang dengan kelulusan mesyuarat agung boleh dijemput oleh Jawatankuasa Umum untuk menjadi ahli kehormat bagi Persatuan ini.
Kongres India Muslim Malaysia

Kongres India Muslim Malaysia (bahasa Inggeris: Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress, Tamil: மலேசிய இந்திய முஸ்லீம் காங்கிரஸ், singkatan: KIMMA) ialah sebuah parti politik di Malaysia yang ditubuhkan pada 24 October 1976 untuk menwakili kaum minoriti India Muslim. KIMMA pernah dibatalkan pendaftarannya sebanyak dua kali pada 1978 dan 1998 sebelum didaftar semula. Ahli KIMMA hampir kesemuanya adalah terdiri dari kaum minoriti India Muslim.
KIMMA pernah menyertai gabungan parti-parti politik pembangkang iaitu Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) dan Gagasan Rakyat (GR) pada tahun 1990 hingga 1996 dalam masa yang sama. Namun kemudiannya KIMMA telah berubah haluan dan mendakwa 80,000 yang menjadi ahli KIMMA berhasrat untuk menyertai Barisan Nasional (BN) semenjak 1984 lagi. Tetapi penyertaan ini perlu mendapat sokongan daripada kesemua parti komponen terutama Kongres India Malaysia (MIC) dan Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (UMNO) kerana ahli KIMMA mungkin juga berasal dari MIC atau UMNO. Penyertaannya telah mendapat tentangan hebat daripada MIC. . Kemusykilan status orang India Muslim bukan Melayu dan bukan Bumiputera juga menjadi sekatan kepada bantahan penyertaannya sehingga mendorong KIMMA sanggup meluluskan usul tuntutan orang India Muslim diberi status Melayu dan sanggup untuk menerima parti KIMMA dijadikan sebagai gabungan UMNO untuk menjadi sebahagian dari BN walaupun ianya dianggap mustahil.
KIMMA juga pernah menjadi sebahagian daripada Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) gabungan parti-parti pembangkang Islam iaitu Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS), Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46), Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia (BERJASA) dan Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia (HAMIM), pada tahun 1990 yang berjaya merampas kerajaan negeri Kelantan walaupun KIMMA tidak bertanding sebarang kerusi di dalam pilihan raya umum masa itu.
.(1973-1998)
Pada tahun 2008, kemelut kepimpinan melihat Timbalan Presidennya, Amir Amsa Alla Pitchay yang dipecat dari KIMMA oleh Presidennya Dato' Syed Ibrahim B. Kader, mendakwa dirinya presiden dan mencadangkan pergabungan KIMMA dengan Parti Progresif Penduduk (PPP), sebuah parti komponen BN.
Pada 2009 pula sekali lagi krisis dalaman melihat KIMMA mempunyai 2 presiden setelah mesyuarat agungnya yang ke-33 dipertikaikan kesahihannya serta Mohd Fazil William Abdullah, pengerusi KIMMA Wilayah Persekutuan disingkir.
Permohonan Kimma untuk menjadi sebagai ahli bersekutu UMNO telah diterima oleh Majlis Tertinggi UMNO pada 27 Ogos 2010. Dengan kelulusan ini, Kimma kini menikmati status pemerhati di dalam semua mesyuarat bahagian dan perhimpunan agung UMNO namun tidak boleh terlibat dalam perkara dalaman UMNO.
1976-1980 : Drs Haji Badrul Zaman bin P. S. Md Zakariah
1981-1983 : Datuk Shaikh Dawood @ A.S Dawood Abdul Razak
1988-1995 : Mohamad Ilyas Mohd Idris
1995-1998 : Dato' Sikandar Batcha Abdul Majeed
1998-2006 : Tuan Haji Mohameed Haniffa bin Haji Mohamad Yusoff
2006-kini : Dato’ Seri Syed Ibrahim Kader
Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional

Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (singkatan: IMAN, Jawi: ‏ڤرتي ڤريكتن اينديا مسلم ناسيونل‎‎) ialah sebuah parti politik di Malaysia. Ia dianggotai oleh masyarakat India Muslim di Malaysia. IMAN ditubuhkan pada 28 Mei 2019 dengan nama Parti India Muslim Bersatu Malaysia (PIBM) untuk memperjuangkan kepentingan masyarakat India Muslim bertitik tolak daripada kekecewaan masyarakat itu bahawa tiada parti untuk membela nasib mereka. Pada September 2020, PBIM meminda perlembagaan parti dengan menukar nama kepada Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional atau IMAN.
IMAN membuat kemunculan pertama bertanding dalam pilihan raya di Malaysia dengan menghantar seorang calon, Abdul Aziz Osani Kasim di DUN Machap Jaya dalam Pilihan raya negeri Melaka 2021.
1 (nombor)

1 (satu, Jawi: ‏ساتو‎‎) ialah nombor, angka, dan nama glif mewakili nombor itu. Ia ialah nombor asli selepas 0 dan sebelum 2. Ia mewakili entiti tunggal. Satu kadangkala merujuk sebagai keunitan, unit atau satuan sebagai adjektif. Contohnya, satu tembereng garis "panjang unit" ialah tembereng garis panjang 1.
Akar Austronesia untuk nombor ini adalah *esa yang diturunkan kemudiannya kepada perkataan esa ([ĕ.sa], Jawi: ‏اسا‎‎; juga disebut basahan sebagai [é.sa] ايسا‎) di mana perkataan ini lebih dikaitkan menerangkan sifat Tuhan yang satu tunggal dalam kepercayaan tertentu.
Imbuhan awalan yang digunakan untuk bilangan nombor ini adalah eka- yang meminjam dari bahasa Sanskrit iaitu एकः ekā.
Negara satu parti

Negara satu parti/ekaparti atau sistem satu parti ialah sejenis pemerintahan dibentuk hanya satu parti politik sahaja yang dibenarkan sambil tiada parti lain dapat mencalonkan ahli-ahlinya untuk pilihan raya, lazimnya dikuatkuasakan melalui fasal perlembagaan digubal untuk negara tersebut. Adakalanya, istilah negara satu parti de facto digunakan untuk mentakrifkan sistem parti dominan di mana undang-undang atau amalan setempat melarang parti pembangkang daripada memperoleh kuasa. Sesetengah negara satu parti hanya melarang parti pembangkang sambil membenarkan kewujudan parti sekutu bawahan sebagai sebahahgian kerajaan campuran yang berkekalan, seperti barisan popular. Dalam sesetengah negara, parti dominan yang memerintah negara .sahaja. Sebagai contoh, di Kesatuan Soviet, Parti bermaksud Parti Komunis Kesatuan Soviet; begitu juga di bekas Republik Rakyat Poland di mana Parti di sana merujuk kepada Parti Buruh Bersatu Poland.
Sesetengah negara satu parti membenarkan pihak bukan ahli parti untuk merebut kerusi perundangan, seperti pergerakan Tangwai di Taiwan pada 1970-an dan 1980-an.
Kebanyakan negara satu parti dilahirkan daripada fahaman Leninisme dan sosialisme, tetapi ada juga yang timbul daripada daripada fasisme dan nasionalisme, atau sebaik sahaja merdeka dari penjajahan. Sistem satu parti selalunya timbul dari proses penyahjajahan kerana satu parti memegang peranan yang teramat dominan dalam perjuangan pembebasan atau kemerdekaan.
Senarai berikut menyatakan negara-negara yang diperlembagakan sebagai negara satu parti (tepat pada tahun 2009) dan nama parti pemerintah tunggal:
Sofie Louise Johansson Petra

Che Puan Sofie Louise Johansson Petra (Jawi: چئ ڤوان سوفي لوءيس يوهنسون ڤيترا‎; born 6 June 1986) is a Swedish member of the Kelantan royal family as the wife of Tengku Muhammad Fa-iz Petra, the former Tengku Mahkota (Crown Prince) of Kelantan.
Johansson was born and raised in Mantorp, Mjölby, Sweden. She graduated in English and Sociology Studies.
She moved to the United Kingdom to work as an au pair.
Johansson married the then-Tengku Mahkota (Crown Prince) of Kelantan Tengku Muhammad Fa-iz Petra on 19 April 2019 at Istana Balai Besar, Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
She gave birth to their first child and eldest son, Tengku Muhammad Johan Petra, on 17 July 2023.
As a commoner who became consort to a prince and senior member of the royal family, she was granted the honorific form of address as Che Puan (glossed as "Lady") and the style of Yang Berbahagia (translated as "Her Gracious").
She was previously bestowed upon her the title Che Puan Mahkota of Kelantan (equivalent to the Crown Princess) by her brother-in-law, Sultan Muhammad V. She was styled as Her Highness Che Puan Sofie Louise Johansson Petra, Che Puan Mahkota of Kelantan effectively from 2 August 2022 until 4 January 2024.
The full title and style of Che Puan Sofie Louise is:
Pakistani name

The majority of Pakistani names are derived from Arabic, Persian, and Turkic names. In Pakistan, as in other Muslim countries, the use of family names is not as prominent as in Western countries and most Pakistanis have Arabic, Persian or Turkic names. Tribal, patronymic, nisba, or similar dynastic- or lineage-related, names are also widely used.
Children may be given one, two or rarely three names at birth. If the person has more than one given name, one of them is chosen as the person's most called name, by which they are called or referred to informally. Generally for Muslim males, Muhammad, the name of the prophet of Islam, is chosen to be the person's first given name, if they have more than one. Because of the prevalence of this practice, this name is usually not the person's most called name, as it does not serve as a unique identifier. Females are usually given at most two names.
Unlike the practice in Western countries, or countries with predominant European influence, there is not one way of writing a full name in Pakistan. The most popular convention is to append the most called given name of the father to the person's given names. Often, if the person has more than one given name, their full name consists only of their given names. Another convention is to prefix the person's given name with a title, which is usually associated with their tribal ancestry. Due to western influence, appending rather than prefixing titles to given names has become more common. One notable exception is the title Khan, common in people of Pashtun origin, which has always been appended rather than prefixed to given names. There are several titles used in Pakistan and other Muslim countries. Syed, Shaikh, Khawaja, Pasha, Malik etc. are common. Less commonly, the tribal name itself is appended to the person's given names.
For females, tribal names or titles rarely figure in the person's full name although it has become more common due to Western influence. Instead her full name would be composed of her given names only, or if given only one name, her given name appended with her father's most called name. After marriage, the full name would be her most called name appended with her husband's most called name.
In official documents, a person's identity is established by listing both the person's full name (however they may write it), and their father's. For married women, the husband's name might be used instead of the father's. Official forms always contain fields for both names, and they are used together as A son/daughter/wife of B on ID cards, passports, diplomas, in court, etc.
The problem with these naming conventions is that it is difficult to trace back family roots. Many Muslims have settled in the Western world and this naming convention creates some problems as a father will have a different surname or family name from his children.
Filmåret 2011

Filmåret 2011 er spesielt bemerket med at det ble utgitt det største antallet oppfølgere i et enkelt år, 28 filmer.
Følgende filmer var de mest innbringende filmene som ble først utgitt i USA i løpet av 2011, og er sortert etter totalomsetningen til filmene på verdensbasis.
Garage Inc.

Garage Inc. er et samlealbum av Metallica, utgitt i 1998. Albumet består av nyinnspilte coverversjoner av gamle låter Metallica spilte da de fortsatt var et garasjeband. Noen av sporene inneholder flere sanger. «Mercyful Fate» er en medley bestående av fem Mercyful Fate-sanger:
«Sabbra Cadabra» er egentlig en kombinasjon av «Sabbra Cadabra» og en annen Black Sabbath-låt, «A National Acrobat».
(Disse sporene ble innspilt i 1997/1998)
(Disse sporene er en samling av B-sider fra artister Metallica ble inspirert av i bandets tidligste år.)
Andre medvirkende
Album
Singler
Grammy Awards
Divide & Conquer

Divide & Conquer er debutalbumet til det norske "stonerpunk"-bandet Bokassa, utgitt i 2017.
Albumet ble lansert den 25. mars 2017 som den første utgivelsen på det da nystartede plateselskapet All Good Clean Records.
Divide & Conquer ble kåret til et av 2017s beste debutalbum av Metal Hammer UK og et av det siste tiårs beste norske album av Gaffa. Det vakte også oppmerksomheten til Lars Ulrich og var medvirkende til at de fikk oppdraget med å spille support for Metallica på deres europaturné i 2019.
Vinylversjonen ble presset i et opplag på 300, der de første 100 var håndnummererte og kom med et innlegg signert av bandet. Senere er det gitt ut en rekke re-pressinger i ulike valører og nyanser på bandets eget label Kings Of Stonerpunk Records; "Yellow Marble Smoke", "Pink", "Yellow", "Red", "Green" og "Transparent Beer Black Galaxy". Det er også gitt ut en digipak CD i et opplag på 500 eksemplarer, også den på bandets label.
James Gandolfini

James Joseph Gandolfini jr. (1961–2013) var en amerikansk skuespiller kjent fra TV-serien Sopranos.
Gandolfini hadde italienske foreldre. Han startet sin skuespillerkarriere i New York. Han scenedebuterte på Broadway i stykket Sporvogn til begjær (1992) sammen med Jessica Lange og Alec Baldwin.
Han filmdebuterte i A Stranger Among Us (1992) hvor han hadde en mindre birolle. Deretter hadde han notable roller i filmer som True Romance (1993), Terminal Velocity (1994), Rødt hav (1995), Et medlem av juryen (1996), Fallen (1998), 8MM (1999), The Mexican (2001), The Last Castle (2001) og Metro 123 kapret (2009). Hans siste film var The Drop som ble utgitt året etter hans død.
Gandolfini fikk sitt store gjennombrudd i 1999 i TV-serien Sopranos. Her spiller han rollen som mafiasjef Anthony «Tony» Soprano som jevnlig går til psykolog etter å ha havnet i en midtlivskrise. Serien gikk til 2007 og innbrakte ham tre Emmy-priser og en Golden Globe.
Gandolfini døde av hjerteinfarkt i 2013 under et ferieopphold i Roma.
Samhain

Samhain er en opprinnelig keltisk høsttakkefest som feires hvert år den 1. november, således markerer slutten på høstsesongen og begynnelsen på vintersesongen, eller årets «den mørkere halvdelen». Feiringene begynte om kvelden den 31. oktober, ettersom den keltiske dagen begynte og sluttet ved solnedgang.
Ifølge den gamle keltiske kalenderen var dette nyttår, og denne overgangen representerte en utfordring siden den iboende kraften i både de gamle og det nye året var for svake til å holde de underjordiske kreftene borte fra jorden. Derfor var dette en hjemsøkt natt, er det egentlige opphavet til halloween-feiringen i engelskspråklige, og da særlig USA, hvor denne kom gjennom irske innvandrere. Kaoset som oppstod i denne overgangen mellom to år ble gjenopprettet ved daggry, da det nye året hadde fått tilstrekkelig styrke.
Det er mange likhetstrekk mellom samhain og den gamle skandinaviske Lucia/Lussi-feiringen
I wicca regnes samhain som en av de fire store, av de åtte sabbatene.
Ordet samhain stammer fra gammelirsk og betyr «sommerens slutt». Ordet uttales såw-inn på irsk, såw-iin på walisisk, og såvv-en på skotsk. Andre sier bare samhain.
I Irland ble det sagt at irske helter som kom ut av alveporten om natten, måtte være inne igjen til hanegal. Det ble dekket på til flere og ekstra stoler ble satt frem rundt bordet.
Øyvind Holm

Øyvind Holm er en norsk musiker fra Trondheim. Han spilte i Dipsomaniacs fra 1997 til 2003 og i Deleted Waveform Gatherings fra 2004. Han ga ut soloalbumet The Vanishing Act i 2005, hvor to av låtene var skrevet i samarbeid med Bent Sæther. I 2009 ga han ut albumet Safe and Sorry sammen med Ulf Risnes. I 2012 ga han ut albumet This Love That We Outwore sammen med Hogne Galåen, Bent Sæther, Håkon Gebhardt, Roar Øien med flere, under bandnavnet Sugarfoot. Øyvind Holm jobber også som lærer på Tiller.
Abbottabad

Abbottabad (urdu:ایبٹ آباد) er en by i Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i Pakistan og er den tredje største by i provinsen etter Peshawar og Mardan. Folkemengden utgjorde litt over 100 000 innbyggere ved folketellingen i 1998. Byen ligger i Orsashdalen, 150 km nord for hovedstaden Islamabad og 200 km øst for Peshawar, på en høyde av 1 260 moh. Byen har militære anlegg, og er en «garnisonby», ifølge VG. Byen omgis på alle sider av Sarban-fjellene.
Abbottabad ble grunnlagt i den britiske kolonitiden. Den bærer sin grunnleggers navn major James Abbott. Han slo seg ned i distriktet i 1853, etter at han hadde annektert Punjab for Storbritannia, og ble Punjabs første britiske stattholder.
Abbottabad ble et viktig militærdistrikt og sanatorium. Hit er det fremdeles forlagt en brigade av annen divisjon av det pakistanske armekorps.
I 1901 hadde byen og militærdistriktet et innbyggertall på rundt 7800.
I juni 1948 åpnet det britiske Røde Kors et sykehus i Abbottabad for å ta seg av tusener av pasienter som ble brakt dit fra kampområdene i Kashmir.
Den 8. oktober 2005 ble Abbottabad hardt rammet av det store jordskjelvet i Kashmir. Selv om det meste av Abbottabad klarte seg, ble mange gamle bygninger ødelagt eller skadet.
I mai 2011 ble Osama bin Laden oppsporet og drept i Abbottabad, etter å ha vært etterlyst av Interpol.
Her er et militærakademi, tekniske institutter, regjeringsskoler, og fire medisinhøyskoler, hvorav en reservert for kvinner. Det er også åpnet et IT-universitet.
Karakoramveien, hovedveien gjennom høyfjellene mellom Pakistan og Folkerepublikken Kina, løper gjennom Abbottabad. Denne veien følger tildels en gren av den gamle Silkeveien mellom Kina og Vest-Asia.
Major Abbott er kjent for å ha skrevet et dikt ved navn Abbottabad før han vendte hjem til Storbritannia, og her beskriver han sin hengivenhet til byen og sin sorg over å måtte forlate den.
Teksten går slik:
Cathedral Building

37°48′22.25″N 122°16′12.93″W﻿ / ﻿37.8061806°N 122.2702583°W﻿ / 37.8061806; -122.2702583
The Cathedral Building (originally named the Federal Realty Building), built in 1914, was the first Gothic Revival style skyscraper west of the Mississippi River, located in Oakland, California.
It is also called the "Wedding Cake" for its appearance, which resembles New York's Flatiron Building. Its narrow, triangular form is a result of its location on Latham Square, where Telegraph Avenue branches off diagonally from Broadway. It was designed by architect Benjamin Geer McDougall. It was developed by Brog Properties, a Downtown Oakland development firm who renovated the building for mixed residential and commercial units. In June 2015, the United Nations Foundation commissioned Bay Area street artist Zio Ziegler to create a mural on the Cathedral Building's north-facing wall. The mural commemorates the signing of the United Nations Charter in San Francisco, California on June 26, 1945.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 2, 1979.
The third floor of the Cathedral Building was the setting for Cassius's apartment in the Oakland-based Boots Riley film Sorry to Bother You.
Metallic color

A metallic color is a color that appears to be that of a polished metal. The visual sensation usually associated with metals is its metallic shine. This cannot be reproduced by a simple solid color, because the shiny effect is due to the material's brightness varying with the surface angle to the light source. In addition, there is no mechanism for showing metallic or fluorescent colors on a computer without resorting to rendering software which simulates the action of light on a shiny surface. Consequently in art and in heraldry one would normally use a metallic paint that glitters like a real metal.
Especially in sacral art in Christian churches, real gold (as gold leaf) was used for rendering gold in paintings, e.g. for the halo of saints. Gold can also be woven into sheets of silk to give an East Asian traditional look. More recent art styles, for example Art Nouveau, also used a metallic, shining gold. However, the metallic finish of such paints was added using fine aluminum powder and pigment rather than actual gold.
The use of metallic colors is not limited to those colors that approximate the appearance of actual metals. In some instances, it has been noted, "beetles with bright metallic colors are made up into tie pins and cuff links". One popular modern use of metallic colors is for automobiles, which use metallic paint to achieve a particular shine. Such colors "are made from a combination of different pigments and aluminum flakes that have different weights and particle sizes". Crayon-maker Crayola has manufactured several lines of "metallic" products, including "Metallic FX" crayons, and "Metallic Colors" colored pencils, which have flecks of sparkles to achieve the metallic effect.
Ras el hanout

Ras el hanout or rass el hanout (Arabic: رأس الحانوت raʾs al-ḥānūt, Arabic pronunciation: [rɑʔs ælħɑːnuːt]) is a spice mix found in varying forms in Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. The name means "head of the shop" in Arabic and implies a mixture of the best spices the seller has to offer. Ras el hanout is used in many savoury dishes, sometimes rubbed on meat or fish, or stirred into couscous, pasta or rice.
No definitive composition of spices makes up ras el hanout. Each shop, company, or family may have their own blend. The mixture usually consists of over a dozen spices in different proportions. Common ingredients include cardamom, cumin, clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice, dry ginger, chili peppers, coriander seed, peppercorn, sweet and hot paprika, fenugreek, and dry turmeric. Some spices may be particular to the region, such as mountain ash berries, chufa, grains of paradise, orris root, monk's pepper, cubebs, dried rosebud, fennel seed or aniseed, galangal, long pepper. Ingredients may be toasted before being ground or pounded in a mortar and mixed. Some preparations include salt or sugar, but that is generally not the accepted practice. Garlic, saffron, nuts or dry herbs are generally not included, as they are usually added to dishes individually, but some commercial preparations, particularly in Europe and North America, may contain them.
Certain supposed aphrodisiacs, including the notoriously dangerous "green metallic beetles", cantharides, have appeared in many Moroccan ras el hanout formulations, but these seem to be irrelevant for flavouring purposes.
Starling (structure)

In architecture, a starling (or sterling) is a defensive bulwark, usually built with pilings or bricks or blocks of stone, surrounding the supports (or piers) of a bridge or similar construction.
Starlings may be shaped to ease the flow of the water around the bridge, reducing the damage caused by erosion or collisions with flood-borne debris or river traffic. They may also form an important part of the structure of the bridge, spreading the weight of the piers.
The term cutwater is used for such a structure shaped with water flow in mind, as a pier or starling with a diamond point. A starkwater is a bulwark against ice floes.
Depending on their shape and location, some starlings may accumulate river debris, mud and other objects, potentially creating navigational hazards or hindering downstream water flow.
Starlings may form part of a buttress for the vertical load of the bridge piers, so would typically be symmetrical. Other symmetrical starlings may be used on tidal stretches of rivers because of bi-directional flow, requiring dual cutwaters; at low tide, Old Wye Bridge, Chepstow, on the Welsh border, can be seen to have cutwaters on both ends of the piers and their foundations. Cutwaters may also be provided downstream to reduce riverbed scour. Other starlings may be asymmetrical, with only an upstream cutwater, the downstream end being flat or rounded.
The starling has a sharpened or curved extreme, sometimes called the nose. The cutwater may be of concrete or masonry, but is often capped with a steel angle to resist abrasion, focusing force at a single point to fracture floating pieces of ice striking the pier. In cold climates, the starling is typically sloped by about 20 to 45° from vertical, so current pushing against part-submerged ice tends to lift and shear it; this can be known as a starkwater. This is distinct from a sloping top to shed the rain.
On a narrow bridge, a cutwater shape can be carried up to the top of the parapet, to provide a pedestrian refuge.
Winter Days

Winter Days (冬の日, Fuyu no Hi) is a 2003 Japanese anime film directed by Kihachirō Kawamoto. It is based on one of the renku (collaborative linked poems) in the 1684 collection of the same name by the 17th-century Japanese poet Bashō.
The creation of the film followed the traditional collaborative nature of the source material – the visuals for each of the 36 stanzas were independently created by 35 different animators. As well as many Japanese animators, Kawamoto assembled leading names of animation from across the world. Each animator was asked to contribute at least 30 seconds to illustrate their stanza, and most of the sequences are under a minute (Yuri Norstein's, though, is nearly two minutes long).
The released film consists of the 40-minute animation, followed by an hour-long 'Making of' documentary, including interviews with the animators. Winter Days won the Grand Prize of the Japan Media Arts Festival in 2003.
Bashō's hokku, or opening verse, of the 36-verse poem:
Norstein animated the opening stanza (hokku) as the special guest (kyaku). Chikusai is running around listening to trees, and meets Bashō. He's awed, but is amused to see that Bashō is picking bugs out of a cloak that is as torn as his own. He gives Bashō his own hat in exchange for Bashō's (which has a gaping hole at the top) and goes away. Suddenly, the wind picks up and blows the torn hat away. Chikusai chases after it and manages to catch it, but then with a shrug lets it go and allows it to fly off wherever the wind will take it. Meanwhile, Bashō is moving slowly and laboriously against the wind, with a hand on his new hat to keep it from flying away.
Speaking at the November 30, 2007 Russian theatrical premiere of Winter Days, Norstein said that he had made a longer, 3-minute version of this segment, but had not yet added sound to it.
Kawamoto animated the second (waki) and final (ageku) stanzas as the organiser (shōshō).
The film is currently available in four DVD versions, none of which has English dubbing or subtitles.