davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Negara anggota UNESCO

Setakat November 2011, UNESCO memiliki 194 negara anggota dan 8 anggota bersekutu. Sesetengah anggota memiliki Jawatankuasa Pengelola Kebangsaan (JPK) tambahan untuk sebahagian kebergantungan jajahan mereka. Anggota bersekutu terdiri daripada negara tidak-bebas.
Pertubuhan Pembebasan Palestin (PLO) telah memiliki status pemerhati di UNESCO sejak 1974. Mengakui pengisytiharan negara Palestin pada 1988, sekumpulan 7 negara menghantar permohonan kemasukannya pada 1989 namun Lembaga Eksekutif UNESCO berulang kali menangguhkan membuat keputusan permohonan ini. Pada September 2011, 24 negara menyediakan resolusi meminta permohonan ini dinilai semula memandangkan cubaan Palestin memperolehi keanggotaan penuh di Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu. Draf resolusi ini akhirnya diluluskan pada 5 Oktober 2011, dengan 40 undi setuju daripada 58 negara dalam Lembaga.
Pada 31 Oktober 2011, resolusi untuk menerima Palestin sebagai negara anggota penuh diluluskan di Persidangan Umum ke-36nya. Daripada 194 anggota yang layak mengundi, 107 menyokong, 14 membangkang, 52 berkecuali dan 12 tidak hadir. Resolusi ini akan berkuatkuasa apabila negara Palestin memeterai perlembagaan UNESCO yang akan menjadikannya anggota ke-195 UNESCO dan yang ketiga bukan negara anggota PBB.
Perkhidmatan Perpustakaan Awam: IFLA/UNESCO Garis Panduan Pembangunan

Buku Perkhidmatan Perpustakaan Awam: IFLA/UNESCO Garis Panduan Pembangunan merupakan buku yang diterbitkan oleh Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, dengan nombor ISBN 967-931-133-3. Ia terdiri daripada 125 halaman dan berharga 40.00.
Buku Perkhidmatan Perpustakaan Awam: IFLA/UNESCO Garis Panduan Pembangunan ini diterbitkan pada tahun 2003.
Panggung Opera Permaisuri Zarith Sofiah

Panggung Opera Permaisuri Zarith Sofia (bahasa Inggeris: Permaisuri Zarith Sofiah Opera House) ialah sebuah balai panggung opera di Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Bangunan ini dinamakan sempena Raja Zarith Sofiah, iaitu permaisuri Sultan Johor, Sultan Ibrahim.
Bangunan ini mula dibua secara rasmi oleh baginda sultan dan permaisuri serta anakanda mereka, Tunku Temenggong Johor Tunku Idris Iskandar Sultan Ibrahim; Tunku Panglima Johor Tunku Abdul Rahman Sultan Ibrahim dan Tunku Putera Johor Tunku Abu Bakar Sultan Ibrahim serta Menteri Besar Datuk Dr Sahruddin Jamal, Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Tan Sri Dato' Dr Azmi Bin Rohani dan barisan Exco kerajaan negeri.
Balai panggung berkeluasan 114,430 kaki persegi (10,631 m) ini mampu menampung sebanyak lebih 500 penonton.
Bangunan ini dirancang merumahkan pelbagai jenis pementasan seni dan budaya tinggi seperti teater muzikal, orkestra mahupun balet.
Sarawak Delta Geopark

Geopark Delta Sarawak ialah geopark kebangsaan yang berada di Malaysia, ataupun lebih tepatnya di Wilayah Sarawak, yang merangkumi Daerah Kuching, Daerah Bau, Daerah Kecil Padawan, dan juga Daerah Kecil Siburan .
pada program pembangunan Kebangsaan Geopark Delta Sarawak, diiktiraf sebagai Geopark Kebangsaan yang ke-6, dalam Malaysia , menurut menteri tenaga dan sumber daya alam Datuk Seri Takiyuddin Hassan pengiktirafan itu telah disahkan pada 20 Jun 2022, di mesyuarat jawatankuasa geopark kebangsaan .
Geopark itu memiliki keluasan 3,112 KM persegi, dengan 28 Geotapak, 12 Biotapak dan 14 Tapak Budaya , Delta tersebut mempunyai kepelbagaian biodiversiti dengan spesies endemik Borneo seperti Orang Utan, Monyet Belanda (Proboscis Monkey) dan Cicak Batu Fairy (Fairy Rock Gecko) .
Selain itu, Delta Sarawak turut kaya dengan warisan budaya melibatkan seni bina, peralatan muzik, senjata sehingga kepada makanan yang terhasil daripada kewujudan masyarakat berbilang kaum .
Pengiktirafan keenam pada Delta Sarawak adalah selepas Geopark Lembah Kinta dan Geopark Lenggong, Perak; Geopark Kebangsaan Jerai, Kedah; Geopark Kebangsaan Kinabalu, Sabah dan Geopark Kebangsaan Labuan .
selepas mendapat pengiktirafan sebagai Geopark Kebangsaan, ia ada mengusahakan untuk mendapatkan status sebagai Geopark Global, jika berjaya, maka Delta Sarawak, akan menjadi geopark global yang ketiga di Malaysia, dan pertama di Sarawak (selepas Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark dan The Kinabalu UNESCO Global Geopark.) , dalam usaha mendapat status sedemikian, Kerajaan Sarawak, membuat kunjungan ke Pulau Jeju, dan pihak Timbalan Perdana Menteri Datuk Amar Awang Tengah Ali Hasan, berkata
dan beliau juga berkata
.
Mahmeri

Mahmeri ialah suku orang Asli Senoi yang ramai tinggal di Pulau Carey, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mah Meri bermakna "Orang Hutan" sementara dalam istilah bahawa Mah Meri disebut "bersisik". Mereka juga dikenali sebagai Orang Laut kerana mereka tinggal berhampiran dengan laut dan bekerja sebagai nelayan. Mereka ini dipercayai berhijrah dari pulau-pulau di selatan Johor ke pantai negeri Selangor kerana lari dari musuh.
Kini masyarakat Mah Meri telah mengalami perubahan dari segi pemikiran dan pembangunan hasil dari percampuran dengan masyarakat lain.
Ramai di antara mereka kreatif mengukir patung-patung yang dibuat daripada kayu. Ukiran mereka berbentuk dewa-dewa , manusia , alam flora dan fauna. Objek yang cukup menghiburkan ialah patung anak kera yang bergayut pada emaknya. Patung-patung ini mendapat pengiktirafan UNESCO.
Kepercayaan tradisional orang Asli Mah Meri berkaitan dengan perubatan dan penyakit. Upacara mengubat orang sakit 'Genggulang' bagi orang Mahmeri sangat penting untuk mengubati penyakit mereka.
2005 Muzium Orang Asli Mahmeri di kawasan seluas 2.4 hektar di Wetland, Dengkil, Sepang akan dibina oleh Kementerian Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan .
Pusat Kraftangan Mahmeri akan mempamerkan hasil kreatif orang Asli khususnya suku Mahmeri. Selain itu menjalankan penyelidikan mengenai bahasa, budaya dan muzik masyarakat orang asli bagi mencungkil bakatnya.
Hasil kraf tangan masyarakat Mahmeri di Sungai Bumbun, Kuala Langat mempunyai nilai seni yang tinggi dan berpotensi untuk diketengahkan ke peringkat antarabangsa.
Nilai kesenian produk masyarakat itu telah menarik minat wakil Pertubuhan Pendidikan Saintifik dan Kebudayaan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (Unesco).
Dondang sayang

Dondang Sayang ialah sebuah seni tradisional Melayu yang masih dimainkan di Melaka oleh empat komuniti: masyarakat Melayu . Masyarakat Peranakan seperti Baba Nyonya, Cheti dan Portugis Kristang . Ia dikenali juga dengan sebuah balada cinta, yang mana lagu-lagu yang digunakan adalah untuk membangkitkan perasaan cinta dan nasihat mengenai topik tertentu seperti cinta dan kebaikan.
Dalam lagu dondang sayang, penyanyi-penyanyi saling bertukar pantun tanpa persediaan dalam gaya yang riang dan kadang-kadang lucu. Nyanyian-nyanyian biasanya diiringi empat orang ahli muzik yang terdiri daripada seorang pemain biola; dua orang pemain rebana (gendang yang di sebelah sahaja dipasang kulit) Melayu; dan seorang pemain tawak (gong kecil).
Pemain biola biasa merupakan ketua kumpulan ahli muzik. Beliau memainkan peranan utama dalam dondang sayang, dan membekalkan melodi kaunter kepada melodi vokal atau suara. Pemain-pemain muzik boleh saling bertukar alat-alat muzik mereka antara persembahan, tetapi pemain biola jarang berbuat demikian, walaupun dibenarkan. Sehingga lima buah reban boleh digunakan, jika terdapat pemain muzik yang berlebihan. Kadang-kadang, rebana boleh digantikan dengan gendang ataupun kompang. Barisan alat muzik boleh juga ditambahkan dengan akordion.
Muzik dondang sayang adalah perlahan, dan sebuah lagu biasanya terdiri daripada 32 bar, bermula dengan pengenalan biola, diikuti rebana dan kemudiannya gong, dan akhirnya oleh nyanyian pada bar kelima. Gayanya tidak formal dan liriknya biasa terdiri daripada puisi cinta.
Dondang Sayang menerima pengiktirafan antarabangsa oleh Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Saintifik dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO) yang menyenaraikannya dalam kategori warisan kebudayaan tidak ketara pada 29 November 2018.
Terdapat banyak lirik pantun Dondang Sayang yang dimainkan, namun rata-rata tema pantun yang dibawa adalah tentang cinta dan kemesraan yang digarapkan dalam suasana spontan yang riang dan kadang kala lucu. Pantun Baba merupakan contoh nyanyian irama Dondang Sayang.
(Pantun Baba)
Naday bugis tolak blayar, Tengah laot patah kemudi-nya; Hutang budi dapat di bayer, Hutang hati apa ganti-nya.
Pisang mas bawak blayer, Jerok mari dalam kendi; Hutang budi balas di dunia, Hutang hati mengikat diri.
Dewan Negeri Johor

Dewan Negeri Johor (Tulisan Jawi: ديوان نڬري جوهر) terdiri daripada 56 kawasan Dewan Undangan Negeri. Pemilihan ADUN dibuat semasa pilihan raya umum atau pilihan raya kecil yang diadakan di dalam tempoh sepenggal (5 tahun). Dewan Negeri Johor dinaungi oleh Baginda Sultan Johor sebagai Ketua Negeri. Speaker atau Yang Dipertua Dewan Negeri Johor yang terkini ialah Mohd Puad Zarkashi. Kesemua ahli-ahli politik bagi Dewan Negeri Johor bersidang di Bangunan Sultan Ismail, Kota Iskandar, Iskandar Puteri, Johor. Berdasarkan Undang - Undang Tubuh Kerajaan Negeri 1895 Bahagian 2 Fasal 2, pembukaan rasmi Dewan Negeri Johor dilakukan oleh Sultan pada setiap pertengahan tahun di Bangunan Sultan Ibrahim. Dewan Negeri yang hendak bersidang mestilah mempunyai bilangan Ahli mengikut jumlah kawasan Dewan Undangan Negeri (56 bagi penggal sekarang), yang termasuk seorang Speaker, Ahli Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan (EXCO) dan Ahli Dewan Negeri.
Senarai Speaker Dewan Negeri Johor
Susunan tempat duduk di Bangunan Sultan Ibrahim semasa perasmian Sidang Dewan Negeri Johor
Kerajaan Negeri Johor pada 9 Ogos 2020, telah melantik 27 orang pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyelaras Khas Dewan Negeri (JPKD) bagi memastikan semua dasar dan program dilaksanakan sampai kepada masyarakat secara menyeluruh . Berikut merupakan senarai Pengerusi JPKD setakat 11 Ogos 2020.
List of national capitals

This is a list of national capitals, including capitals of territories and dependencies, non-sovereign states including associated states and entities whose sovereignty is disputed.
The capitals included on this list are those associated with states or territories listed by the international standard ISO 3166-1, or that are included in the list of states with limited recognition.
Sovereign states and observer states within the United Nations are shown in bold text.
The column headings may cover the first row when the letter links are used.
Pemilihan umum legislatif Indonesia 1999

Pemilihan Umum Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah 1999 diselenggarakan secara serentak pada tanggal 7 Juni 1999 untuk memilih 462 anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) serta anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (DPRD Provinsi maupun DPRD Kabupaten/Kota) se-Indonesia periode 1999-2004.
Pemilihan Umum ini merupakan yang pertama kali diselenggarakan setelah runtuhnya Orde Baru dan juga yang terakhir kalinya diikuti oleh Provinsi Timor Timur.
Pemilihan Umum ini diikuti oleh 48 partai politik, yang mencakup hampir semua spektrum arah politik (kecuali komunisme yang dilarang di Indonesia). Penentuan kursi dilakukan secara proporsional berdasarkan persentase suara nasional.
Pemilihan Umum ini seharusnya diselenggarakan pada tahun 2002, tetapi atas desakan publik untuk mengadakan reformasi serta mengganti anggota-anggota parlemen yang berkaitan dengan Orde Baru, maka pemilihan umum dipercepat dari tahun 2002 ke tahun 1999 oleh pemerintah waktu itu.
Pemilihan ini juga ditandai dengan maraknya aksi kerusuhan antar partai politik serta aksi perusakan peraga kampanye dan posko partai politik seperti kerusuhan pendukung PDI Perjuangan dan Golongan Karya di beberapa daerah serta Partai Persatuan Pembangunan dan Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa di beberapa daerah.
Sistem yang digunakan didasarkan pada sistem proporsional tertutup di tingkat provinsi. Di setiap provinsi, partai-partai diberikan kursi sebanding dengan porsi suara mereka. Provinsi Jawa Timur memiliki jumlah kursi terbanyak, yaitu 82, sementara yang terendah adalah Bengkulu dan Timor Timur dengan masing-masing empat kursi.
Jumlah partai politik yang menjadi peserta Pemilihan umum legislatif Indonesia 1999 sebanyak 48 partai. Nama-namanya yaitu:
Pada bulan Oktober 1999, sekitar 4 bulan setelah pemilu legislatif, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat dalam sidang umum 1999 memilih Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Indonesia untuk masa bakti 1999-2004 melalui pemungutan suara. Pemilihan ini dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap, yaitu pada tanggal 20 Oktober 1999 untuk memilih Presiden Republik Indonesia dan tanggal 21 Oktober 1999 untuk memilih Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia. Pemilihan ini menghasilkan pasangan Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid dan Wakil Presiden Megawati Soekarnoputri yang masing-masing dilantik secara langsung pada tanggal pemungutan suara.
Andi Abdullah Rahim

Andi Abdullah Rahim (lahir 22 November 1978) adalah seorang pengusaha dan politikus Indonesia yang terpilih sebagai Bupati Luwu Utara periode 2025-2030. Ia terpilih bersama wakilnya, Jumail Mappile, dalam Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) Luwu Utara tahun 2024. Pasangan ini meraih 73.716 suara atau 42,33% dari total suara sah, mengungguli tiga pasangan calon lainnya.
Andi Abdullah Rahim lahir di Bone-Bone, Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Ia menempuh pendidikan dasar hingga menengah di Masamba, yaitu SD Negeri 146 Masamba (1984-1990), SMP Negeri 1 Masamba (1990-1993), dan SMA Negeri 1 Masamba (1993-1994). Ia kemudian melanjutkan pendidikan di SMA Negeri 2 Makassar (1995-1996) dan meraih gelar Sarjana Teknik Elektro dari Universitas Hasanuddin pada tahun 2002.
Sebelum terjun ke dunia politik, Andi Abdullah Rahim dikenal sebagai pengusaha sukses. Ia menjabat sebagai Direktur di beberapa perusahaan, termasuk PT. Arah Muda Global Mandiri, PT. Rotari Pratama Indonesia, dan PT. Bio Teratai Sejahtera. Selain itu, ia juga pernah menjadi Komisaris PT. Great Edu.
Di bidang politik, Andi Abdullah Rahim memulai kariernya sebagai Anggota [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Luwu Utara]] periode 2009-2014. Ia juga pernah mencalonkan diri sebagai Wakil Bupati Luwu Utara pada Pilkada 2015, namun kalah dari pasangan Indah Putri Indriani.
Andi Abdullah Rahim aktif dalam berbagai organisasi, antara lain sebagai
Andi Abdullah Rahim mencalonkan diri sebagai Bupati Luwu Utara pada Pilkada 2024, berpasangan dengan Jumail Mappile. Pasangan ini diusung oleh Partai Gerindra, Nasdem, dan Gelora. Mereka memenangkan Pilkada dengan perolehan suara terbanyak, yaitu 73.716 suara, mengalahkan tiga pasangan calon lainnya.
Andi Abdullah Rahim dan Jumail Mappile resmi ditetapkan sebagai Bupati Luwu Utara dan Wakil Bupati Luwu Utara terpilih pada 9 Januari 2025 oleh Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Luwu Utara. Mereka akan dilantik oleh Presiden Prabowo Subianto pada 20 Februari 2025 di Istana Negara, Jakarta.
Sebelum pelantikan, Andi Abdullah Rahim menjalani pemeriksaan kesehatan di Kementerian Dalam Negeri pada 17 Februari 2025 dan dinyatakan sehat untuk mengikuti prosesi pelantikan.
Andi Abdullah Rahim menikah dengan Misnawati, ST, MT, dan dikaruniai tujuh anak (empat laki-laki dan tiga perempuan). Selain aktif di dunia politik dan bisnis, ia juga dikenal sebagai koordinator angkatan '96 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Hasanuddin.
Indonesia, Etc.

Indonesia, Etc.: Exploring the Improbable Nation is a 2014 travel book by epidemiologist and former journalist Elizabeth Pisani. It follows her travels throughout Indonesia in 2012 and 2013. It received generally favourable critical reviews.
Pisani visits Sumba, Flores, Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Java. She mostly visits smaller cities and villages, most of which see few tourists. Along the way, she discusses recent Indonesian history, culture, politics, and economics, as well as the logistics of her trip and the people she meets during it.
Among the themes of the book are the conflict between Java (which has 60% of the population of Indonesia) and the rest of the country. According to Pisani, the Indonesian elite is dominated by the Javanese, especially those from Jakarta, and so Java dominates the outside image of Indonesia. As an attempt to counter this bias, Pisani spends most of her time on other, smaller islands.
Indonesia, Etc. received generally favorable reviews, and was listed among the best non-fiction books of the year by The Economist and by The Wall Street Journal. The Guardian gave Indonesia, Etc. a positive review, describing it as "project[ing] a more optimistic and warmer picture of a fascinating country than most outside commentators". On the other hand, The New York Times gave a generally negative review, noting that "the book does not really grapple with Java or several of the other populous Indonesian islands".
Indian Indonesians

Indian Indonesians are Indonesians whose ancestors originally came from the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, this term can be regarded as a blanket term for not only Indonesian Indians but also Indonesians with other South Asian ancestries (e.g. Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, etc.). According to the Indian Ministry of External Affairs, there were about 120,000 people of Indian origin as well as 9,000 Indian nationals living and working in Indonesia as of January 2012. Most of them were concentrated in the province of North Sumatra and urban areas such as Banda Aceh, Surabaya, Medan, and Jakarta. However, it is quite impossible to get correct statistical figures on the Indian Indonesian population, because some of them have merged and assimilated with the indigenous population to become indistinguishable from native Indonesians.
Damro

Damro is a Sri Lankan furniture and washing machine manufacturer that designs and sells diverse range of modern and traditional furniture. Damro is regarded as the largest furniture manufacturer in South Asia and it is also regarded as one of the world's largest furniture manufacturers. It is also hailed as a popular lifestyle brand.
The company was founded in 1986. The company initially started its operations foraying into manufacturing steel chairs and later it diversified its operations into plastic and wooden furniture. As of 2022, the company has over 175 showrooms in Sri Lanka and 100 showrooms in India. The company is estimated to have around 275 showrooms globally.
In October 2000, the company became the first Sri Lankan furniture manufacturer to exploit the opportunity of setting up its first overseas store in India's Chennai mainly due to the Indo-Lanka Free Trade Agreement. Damro also cashed in the opportunity of tariff concessions due to the India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement. It is also taunted to be the first Sri Lankan firm to be established in India ever since the India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement came into effect.
The brand is also widely acclaimed in India as one of the most sought-after foreign brands. The company has a widespread showroom network in India catering to ten states and operates in various big cities such as Chennai, Lucknow and Hyderabad.
In March 2017, Damro ventured into the plantation management with the acquisition of the controlling stake of Pussellawa Plantations Ltd and Agalawatte Plantations PLC.
In 2017, Damro Group roped in television and film actress Yashoda Wimaladharma as its first ever brand ambassador. In the same year, Damro Group officially announced that it would also sell electronic home appliances including refrigerators, air conditioners, and television sets under the flagship brand Damro.
In July 2018, Damro Group officially opened up the Marino Mall and Beach Hotel in Kollupitiya with an investment of 12.5 billion. The construction of Marino Mall commenced in June 2013 and Damro Group owns the mall.
In 2021, Damro opened its 100th showroom in India in Kolkata and continued its intention of expanding its retail brand in across all parts of India.
Sri Lanka Armed Forces Training Institutions

The Sri Lankan Armed Forces have established numerous academies and staff colleges across Sri Lanka for the purpose of training professional soldiers in military sciences, warfare command and strategy, and associated technologies.
Several education and military establishments come under the direct preview of the Ministry of Defence and admit members of the armed forces, police and civilians.
Kotelawala Defence University : The General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU) (Sinhala: ජෙනරාල් සර් ජෝන් කොතලාවල ආරක්ෂක විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය), Ratmalana was founded in 1981 as the Kotelawala Defence Academy to conduct bachelor's degree programs for military cadets from all three services. It has since expanded to include post graduate studies and admits both armed forces personal and civilians.
National Defence College : The National Defence College, Colombo (NDC), established in 2020 is the highest level of strategic training for senior officers of the armed forces, police and civil servants.
Defence Services Command and Staff College : The Defence Services Command and Staff College (DSCSC) (Sinhala: ආරක්ෂක සේවා අණ හා මාණ්ඩලික විද්‍යාලය), Makola, established on 1 January 1997 as the Sri Lanka Army Command and Staff College serves as the principle staff college for the armed forces.
Language Training School: The Language Training School, Kotmale is the principle school of Languages for the armed forces.
Defence Services School : The Defence Services School, Colombo was established on 17 of January 2007 as a national school for the children of armed forces and police personnel.
The institutions under the Army Training Command that train officers and other ranks of the Sri Lanka Army are:
The Sri Lanka Navy has numerous training establishments;
The Sri Lanka Air Force has numerous training establishments and units;
Singer Bangladesh

Singer Bangladesh Ltd. (Bengali: সিঙ্গার বাংলাদেশ লি.) is a Bangladeshi sewing machine manufacturer. It started while Bangladesh was a part of the British Raj. In addition to sewing machines, Singer Bangladesh manufactured consumer electronics.
Singer Bangladesh began in 1905. In 1920, two shops were set up in Dhaka and Chittagong. In 1947, after the Partition of the sub-continent, now Bangladesh became East Pakistan. Singer in East Pakistan operated as a branch of Singer Pakistan and the products used to come from West Pakistan. Initially, only 10 shops were set up, which grew to 43 by the late 1960s.
After the Bangladesh War of Independence, Bangladesh Singer had to limit its operation to 23 stores and the branch office was promoted to country office. A change in the investment policy in 1979 created new business opportunities and Singer registered as an operating company.
A sewing machine manufacturing factory with 10,000 units per year capacity was established in 1980 in Chittagong. Capacity increased to 25,000 units per year in 1989. Although sewing machines are Singer's core business, management realized that for sustainable growth in the long run it had to diversify its product line. This realization led to diversification.
In 1985, Singer began transforming from a single product into a multi-product consumer durable company.
In 1993, the company established an audio-video plant and in 1996, a washing machine factory.
In 2001, the company initiated assembling of motorcycles and in 2006, manufacturing of wire and cable (domestic and power cables).
In March 2019, Arçelik and Retail Holdings NV acquired Singer Bangladesh ltd. buying 57% of its shares
As part of the 'Singer for Society' program, Singer Bangladesh Limited donated ventilators to three hospitals in and outside Dhaka for critical COVID-19 patients. They donated refrigerators, washing machines and microwave ovens to hospitals across the country to protect hospital staff during the pandemic.
Sadiris Master

Jothiratnage Sadiris de Silva (died 1958), better known as Sadiris Master, was a Sri Lankan musician and actor.
Sadiris was born in Matara. He was educated at the Temple in Kalutara and studied oriental language. Sadiris later became a popular musician singing and playing Hindustani and Karnatic music. He also acted in several John de Silva plays taking the lead role; Sirisangabo, Wessantara. Sadiris died on April 8, 1958.
Bèrtran Ôbrée

Bèrtran Ôbrée a zo ur c'haner gallaouek, krouet gantañ ar strolladoù sonerezh Ôbrée Alie ha Bèrtran Ôbrée Trio. Savet en deus ur geriadur divyezhek gallaoueg-galleg ha galleg-gallaoueg, Motier de galo.
C'hoariet en deus er sitcom Saga Brittia, Breizh Uhel Breizh Izel ; roll un den o komz gallaoueg en deus.
Skrivañ a ra pennadoù gallaouek e-barzh Nous Vous Ille, kelaouenn Kuzul-departamant Il-ha-Gwilun (na ro lec'h ebet d'ar brezhoneg).
Tro en deus bet ivez da skrivañ un doser war ar gallaoueg er gelaouenn ArMen (Niv. 174) gant Jean-Pierre Angoujard.
Bro-Sant-Brieg

Bro-Sant-Brieg, (Pays de Saint-Brieuc e galleg; Paeï de Saent-Bérioec e gallaoueg) a vez graet Pentevr-ha-Goueloù anezhi a-wechoù, a zo unan eus nav bro hengounel Breizh. Kant teir c'humun ha tregont a ya diouzh hec'h ober, dindan 2 597 km², ha gant ur boblañs a 299 702 den e 2010.
Rannet eo ar vro e Bro-Oueloù er gwalarn ha Pentevr er peurrest (ar stêr Goued a ra an disrann etreze o-div).
Al lodenn vrasañ eus ar vro-se a zo hiziv an deiz e departamant Aodoù-an-Arvor, gant ul lodennig vihan er Mor-Bihan. War-bouez hanternoz Bro-Oueloù, emañ Bro-Sant-Brieg e Breizh-Uhel. Kêr-benn ar vro eo Sant-Brieg.
Emañ darn vrasañ Bro-Sant-Brieg e Breizh-Uhel, e takad hengounel ar gallaoueg.
Komzet e vez brezhoneg e gwalarn ar vro, en hanterenn norzh Goueloù. Heñvel a-walc'h eo ar yezh eno ouzh hini Treger.
E distro-skol 2024 e oa enskrivet er skol Diwan hag er c'hlasoù divyezhek 436 skoliad (2,2% eus skolidi ar vro evit a sell ouzh ar c'hentañ derez).
Departamant gall

An departamant a zo un dachennad douar, pe, evit ober gant gerioù all, ur rannadur melestradurel e Bro-C'hall. War un dro ez eo
Pa vez anv eus an dachennad douar eo kustum tud ar velestradurezh c'hall da skrivañ ar ger gant un d bihan; pa vez kaoz eus ar framm politikel e vez implijet un D bras ganto.
Abaoe 2011 ez eus kement ha 101 departamant e Bro-C'hall, hag en o zouez 5 departamant tramor.
Ar bastell-vro velestradurel dindan ar gwir boutin eo an departamant abaoe ar bloaz VIII (1799–1800) hag e chom c'hoazh. Renet eo gant ar prefed-departamant anvet diouzh c'hoant ar gouarnamant, harpet gant isprefeded e penn an isprefetioù.
Meur a servij didolpet eus ar Riez gall a zo aozet e framm an departamant, evel Renerezh departamant an Aveiñ (DDE, e berr), pe Renerezh departamant an aferioù yec'hed ha sokial (DDASS, e berr).
Ur strollegezh lec'hel digreizennet eo an departamant ivez. Dindan renerezh ar C'huzul-departamant emañ. Ar c'huzul-se a vez graet Kuzul-Meur anezhañ ivez, a zo dilennet war-eeun gant mouezhioù an holl zilennerion, evit c'hwec'h vloaz.
Bodet eo bet an departamantoù da sevel ar rannvroioù. Rannet e vezont etre arondisamantoù, hag int-i isrannet etre kantonioù a zo bet savet dre vodañ kumunioù.
En deroù e veze implijet niverennoù diwar an urzh alfabetek (1 da 83) evit bastañ da ezhommoù ar servijoù post. Goude an Impalaeriezh kentañ e oe dilezet ar sistem. E penn kentañ an XX kantved e voe adsavet an niverenniñ en ur dennañ kont eus an departamantoù ouzhpennet, met e 1922 e voe ouzhpennet an Territoire-de-Belfort nevez-krouet, dezhañ an niverenn 90.
Pa voe adrannet an Île-deFrance e 1964 e chomas gant Pariz an niverenn 75 ha gant an Yvelines, e-lec'h m'emañ Versailhez, pennlec'h ar Seine-et-Oise, an niverenn 78, hini ar bet-departamant. Ar pemp departamant nevez-krouet a resevas niverennoù diwar o urzh alfabetek ha lakaet e diwezh ar roll (91 betek 95 : Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise).
E 1976 e voe rannet Korsika etre daou evit krouiñ an departamant ar Corse-du-Sud (2A) ha hini Haute-Corse (2B).
Niverennet eo bet an departamantoù tramor eus 971 betek 976 (n'eus ket a zepartamant niverennet 96).
Anavezet mat eo sistem niveradur an departamantoù gant ar C'hallaoued pa vezont dispaket war blakennoù-marilh ar c'hirri-dre-dan hag ar marc'hoù-dre-dan. Aet eo da get an doare-se pa'z eus bet degemeret ur sistem europat e 2009, met chomet eo en un doare arouezel war ar c'hostez, gant arouez ar rannvro. Implijet e vez an niverennadur evit niverennoù ar Surentez sokial, e penn kodoù-post ar c'humunioù (nemet evit Korsika: implijet e vez an 20 evit kumunioù an enezenn a-bezh).
Evezhiadennoù:
Evezhiadennoù all a c'haller ober war anvioù ar c'hêrioù a zo pennlec'hioù departamantoù :
Inizi Gall

An Inizi Gall pe an Hebridez (Na h-Innse Gall e gouezeleg Skos, Hebrides e saozneg), a zo un enezeg e kornaoueg Bro-Skos, er Meurvor Atlantel. Al lodenn eus Bro-Skos ma vez komzet ar muiañ a ouezeleg eo an inizi-se.
Rannet eo an enezeg e div rann vras gant ar mor:
Etre inizi ar c'hornôg ha re ar reter ez eo ledanoc'h ar mor eget etre an douar-bras hag an inizi. Ur mor bihan zo aze eta, ha tri anv a vez graet anezhañ:
Anvet int an Inizi Gall abalamour ma'z int bet e dalc'h ar Skandinaved e-pad pell. Graet e veze "Gall" (ar memes ger ha "gall" brezhonek) eus an dud-se e gouezeleg.
Parzieg

Parzieg (Parcé e galleg, Parczae e gallaoueg,) a zo ur gumun eus kanton Felger-1 e departamant Il-ha-Gwilen. Ar gumun gentañ e Breizh-Uhel eo he deus panelloù divyezhek galleg-gallaoueg.
Niver a annezidi
Coop Breizh

Coop Breizh zo un ti-embann bet krouet e 1957 er Baol-Skoubleg gant ar gevredigezh Kendalc'h. Anv ur chadenn stalioù eo ivez a ginnig reizhoù liammet ouzh sevenadur Breizh. Embann, produiñ, skignañ ha dasparzhañ a ra levrioù, pladennoù ha produioù all liammet ouzh sevenadur Breizh, sevenadur ar broioù keltiek hag ar mor. Dasparzhañ a ra ivez oberennoù produet gant embannerien vihan pe oberennoù produet gant an dud o-unan.
Peurvuiañ ne vez embannet nemet levrioù gallek. Er XXIañ ne vez ket embannet levrioù brezhonek.
Un nebeud pladennoù brezhonek a vez graet, met ar pep brasañ e galleg .
...
Skignañ levrioù ha pladennoù a ra Coop Breizh, e brezhoneg pe yezhoù all, levrioù Al Liamm evel pladennoù Keltia Musique.
Embann levrioù a ra Coop Breizh ivez. Levrioù gallek dreist-holl.
Podskignadoù Breizh

Podskignadoù Breizh zo ul lec'hienn internet savet gant An Drouizig evit bodañ an holl bodskignadoù e brezhoneg hag e gallaoueg.
D'an 30 Du 2023 e oa bet roet lañs d'al lec'hienn Podksignadoù Breizh, dre internet hepken.
Lakaet eo bet ar gaoz war Podskignadoù Breizh gant Brezhoweb en o c'hronikenn viziek Deiziataer ar miz d'ar 1 Kerzu 2023.
Al lec'hienn-mañ he deus da bal bodañ an holl bodskignadoù a zo e brezhoneg hag e gallaoueg, hag o c'hinnig en un doare aes.
Western Romance languages

Western Romance languages are one of the two subdivisions of a proposed subdivision of the Romance languages based on the La Spezia–Rimini Line. They include the Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance. Gallo-Italic may also be included. The subdivision is based mainly on the use of the "s" for pluralization, the weakening of some consonants and the pronunciation of "Soft C" as /t͡s/ (often later /s/) rather than /t͡ʃ/ as in Italian and Romanian.
Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby counts thirteen languages: Portuguese, Spanish, Asturleonese, Aragonese, Catalan, Gascon, Provençal, Gallo-Wallon, French, Franco-Provençal, Romansh, Ladin and Friulian.
Some classifications include Italo-Dalmatian; the resulting clade is generally called Italo-Western Romance. Other classifications place Italo-Dalmatian with Eastern Romance.
Sardinian does not fit into either Western or Eastern Romance, having split off earlier than the two.
Today the four most widely spoken standardized Western Romance languages are Spanish (c. 486 million native speakers, around 125 million second-language speakers), Portuguese (c. 220 million native, another 45 million or so second-language speakers, mainly in Lusophone Africa), French (c. 80 million native speakers, another 70 million or so second-language speakers, mostly in Francophone Africa), and Catalan (c. 7.2 million native). Many of these languages have large numbers of non-native speakers; this is especially the case for French, in widespread use throughout West Africa as a lingua franca.
Gallo-Romance includes:
Gallo-Romance can include:
The Oïl languages, Arpitan and Rhaeto-Romance languages are sometimes called Gallo-Rhaetian, but it is difficult to exclude from this group Gallo-Italic, which according to several linguists forms a particular unity with Rhaeto-Romance.
Iberian Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula include:
Sometimes considered a subgroup of the previous groups, it constitutes a group of languages that do not have all the Gallo-Romance traits nor the Ibero-Romance traits. The list is as follows:
Angevin dialect

Angevin is the traditional langue d'oïl spoken in Anjou, a historic province in western France. It was also spoken in neighboring regions like the Pays Nantais (along with Gallo), Maine (along with Mayennois) and Touraine (along with Tourangeau).
It is closely related to other oïl dialects spoken in western France, especially Sarthois, Mayennois and Norman (south of ligne Joret) in what could be called Eastern Armorican (Angevin-Mayennois-Sarthois-South Norman). Eastern Armorican, together with Gallo, forms the "zone armoricaine" of Langues d'oïl. As an oïl language or dialect it shares many common features with French in vocabulary, phonemes and daily expressions.
It is also similar to the Gallo language (although Gallo has a stronger Celtic linguistic substrate that comes from Breton and not only from ancient Gaulish language). Angevin influenced the origin and development of Gallo in the Marches of Neustria (especially in the Breton March) beginning in the 9th and 10th centuries.
Angevin was the old speech of the Angevins or House of Plantagenet. However, in spite of this prestigious dynasty, Angevin never developed a notable literature, partially because the region of Anjou was integrated into the royal domains of the King of France (from the House of Capet) at the beginning of the 13th century, where the literary language was Parisian-based Francien.
Some words of Angevin origin were borrowed to English via Anglo-Norman at the Angevins domination of England.
Today it is almost an extinct dialect or language but it is preserved in the Rimiaux, poems written in Angevin, and also in some daily expressions.
The Rimiaux are some of the best expressions of Angevin literature. Several Rimiaux from Angevin poets and writers have been published.
Honoré de Balzac used some Angevin words and speech in his novel Eugénie Grandet.
Iberian Romance languages

The Iberian Romance, Ibero-Romance or sometimes Iberian languages are a group of Romance languages that developed on the Iberian Peninsula, an area consisting primarily of Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, Andorra and French Catalonia. They are today more commonly separated into West Iberian, East Iberian (Catalan/Valencian) and Mozarabic language groups. East Iberian's classification is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate, as some argue that the Occitano-Romance languages composed of Occitan along with the aforementioned two are better classified as Gallo-Romance languages.
Evolved from the Vulgar Latin of Iberia, the most widely spoken Iberian Romance languages are Spanish and Portuguese, followed by Catalan-Valencian-Balear and Galician. These languages also have their own regional and local varieties. Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby counts seven "outer" languages, or language groups: Galician-Portuguese, Spanish, Asturleonese, "Wider"-Aragonese, "Wider"-Catalan, Provençal+Lengadocian, and "Wider"-Gascon.
In addition to those languages, there are a number of Portuguese-based creole languages and Spanish-based creole languages, for instance Papiamento.
Like all Romance languages, the Iberian Romance languages descend from Vulgar Latin, the nonstandard (in contrast to Classical Latin) form of the Latin language spoken by soldiers and merchants throughout the Roman Empire. With the expansion of the empire, Vulgar Latin came to be spoken by inhabitants of the various Roman-controlled territories. Latin and its descendants have been spoken in Iberia since the Punic Wars, when the Romans conquered the territory (see Roman conquest of Hispania).
The modern Iberian Romance languages were formed roughly through the following process:
This list points to common traits of these Iberian subsets, especially when compared to the other Romance languages in general. Thus, changes such as Catalan vuit/huit and Portuguese oito vs. Spanish ocho are not shown here, as the change -it- > -ch- is exclusive to Spanish among the Iberian Romance languages.
Politically (not linguistically), there are four major officially recognised Iberian Romance languages:
Additionally, Asturian (dialect of Asturleonese), although not an official language, is recognised by the autonomous community of Asturias. It is one of the Asturleonese dialects along with Mirandese, which in Portugal holds an official status as a minority language.
The Iberian Romance languages are a conventional group of Romance languages. Many authors use the term in a geographical sense although they are not necessarily a phylogenetic group (the languages grouped as Iberian Romance may not all directly descend from a common ancestor). Phylogenetically, there is disagreement about what languages should be considered within the Iberian Romance group; for example, some authors consider that East Iberian, also called Occitano-Romance, could be more closely related to languages of northern Italy (or also Franco-Provençal, the langues d'oïl and Rhaeto-Romance). A common conventional geographical grouping is the following:
Daggers (†) indicate extinct languages
Max Gallo

Max Gallo (French: [maks ɡalo]; 7 January 1932 – 18 July 2017) was a French writer, historian and politician. He wrote over one hundred books.
The son of Italian immigrants (his father was of Piedmontese descent and his mother was from the region of Parma), Gallo's early career was in journalism. At the time he was a Communist (until 1956). In 1974, he joined the Socialist Party. On 26 April 2007 the Académie Française recorded his candidacy for its Seat 24, formerly held by the late Jean-François Revel. He was elected to the Académie Française on 31 May 2007.
Spoken language

A spoken language is a form of communication produced through articulate sounds or, in some cases, through manual gestures, as opposed to written language. Oral or vocal languages are those produced using the vocal tract, whereas sign languages are produced with the body and hands.
The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only oral languages, especially by linguists, excluding sign languages and making the terms 'spoken', 'oral', 'vocal language' synonymous. Others refer to sign language as "spoken", especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs.
The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Within the fields of linguistics, the current consensus is that speech is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention. However, some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence.
Hearing children acquire as their first language the language that is used around them, whether vocal, cued (if they are sighted), or signed. Deaf children can do the same with Cued Speech or sign language if either visual communication system is used around them. Vocal language are traditionally taught to them in the same way that written language must be taught to hearing children. (See oralism.) Teachers give particular emphasis on spoken language with children who speak a different primary language outside of the school. For the child it is considered important, socially and educationally, to have the opportunity to understand multiple languages.
Flags of the Kingdom of Kandy

The Kingdom of Kandy used a variety of flags at both national and provincial level. The kingdom succeeded from the Kotte Kingdom in around 1469, continued the use of the heraldic emblems of Kotte.
The royal family and their flags took pre-eminence over all.
The flag of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798–1815), the only flag of a Sri Lankan monarch so far known to be in existence. A fragment of a manuscript on flags in the library of the Malwathu Maha Viharaya records: "The Sinhalese royal standard: a banner bearing the device of a lion holding a sword in its right paw. This was the flag of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, (1798-1815) who became the Sinhalese King." This flag was lost when it had been picked up from the battle ground at Hanwella Fort in 1803 by British Capt. William Pollock when Sri Vikrama Rajasinha and his forces had to retreat during the Battle of Hanwella of the First Kandyan War.
This flag was rediscovered in 1908 by E. W. Perera, along with two other Sinhalese flags, at the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London. At the time Perera found the flag, he had to repair it and prepare a sketch for publication as it was already in a very bad state of preservation and unsuitable for photography. In 1916 E. W. Perera reproduces a sketch of the flag, without colours, in plate No. 100 in his well-known monograph, Sinhalese Banners and Standards published in 1916.
This flag had been in possession of a doctor in Colombo until June 1990 with his sudden death his wife, a Swiss lady, left the island for permanent settlement in switzerland taking the flag with her.
Senarath Panawatta, a former curator of the Kandy National Museum, later confirmed the authenticity of this flag as an original artifact. Panawatta identified it as the civil standard of the Kandyan kings, a flag that continued to be used during the reign of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha. He also clarified that this flag is distinct from the Sinhalese Royal Flag, which serves as the basis for the modern national flag of Sri Lanka, now modified with the addition of two stripes.
The Kandyan kingdom was divided into 21 provinces, 12 Disavanis and 9 Ratas. Ratas were smaller admistrative divisions in close proximity to the central governement and governed by a Rate Mahatmaya, while Disavanis were larger, further away and governed by a Dissava (governor), acting as a representative of the king. Each disavani and rata was divided into Korales and the Korales in turn were divided into Pattu (singular, pattuva). Each pattuva consisted of a large number of villages which varied in extant and composition.
Each Disavani was entitled to have a distinct flag and each Disava was preceded by his particular flag while he was travelling in his disavani symbolizing their power and authority. Rate Mahatmaya had vastly lessor power and authrity including that of not having the right to a flag.
Other offices of the Kandyan Government also had their own flags as well as hereditary clans and castes. We know that temples and monasteries too had special banners.
Sakya Muni Buddha Gaya Temple

Sakya Muni Buddha Gaya Temple (Chinese: 释迦牟尼菩提迦耶寺) is a Buddhist monastery in Singapore. The temple was originally set up by Venerable Vutthisara of Thailand. The present premises are located at Race Course Road in Singapore.
The Sakya Muni Buddha Gaya Temple was founded in 1927 by a Thai monk known as Ven Vutthisara. The temple grew in popularity and, in 1930, Ven Vutthisasara built the present temple building with a donation from Aw Boon Haw and Aw Boon Par.
There are strong Thai influences in the architecture and decor.
The Sakya Muni Buddha Gaya Temple is one of the most prominent and widely visited Buddhist temples in Singapore, often referred to as the Temple of 1,000 Lights. It features a 15-meter high statue of a seated Buddha, which weighs nearly 300 tons, as well as many smaller Buddha images and murals depicting the life of Gautama Buddha. The large central statue is surrounded by a stylized aura made of numerous light bulbs— often lit with a donation towards the temple(approach the friendly staff to request)—from which the temple derives its nickname. In a small room beneath the altar is an image of a reclining Buddha, Buddha towards the end of his life, under a Yellow Saraka Tree.
On Vesak Day, the annual holiday celebrating the birth and enlightenment of Lord Buddha, devotees donate money to the temple and in exchange are allowed to place gold leaf onto a small statue of the Buddha. As the day wears on, the Buddha statue is almost entirely covered in a fresh layer of gold leaves.
The temple is open between 8.00 am and 4.30 pm daily. Admission is free.
Casa del Partido Colorado

La Casa del Partido Colorado, es el nombre de un edificio ubicado en Montevideo, capital de Uruguay, en un solar cuya primera edificación se construyó a finales del siglo XIX y que pasó por varios propietarios a lo largo de su historia hasta que en 1942 fue adquirido por César Batlle Pacheco, naciendo la actual "Casa del Partido". Actualmente funciona como sede central del Partido Colorado.
El edificio se encuentra en la actual calle Andrés Martínez Trueba Nº 1271 entre la calle San José y la calle Soriano, en el barrio Cordón de Montevideo.
Se ingresa a la Casa del Partido Colorado a través de una entrada en mármoles nobles construida a finales del siglo XIX y de dos puertas cancel de época con cristales finamente tallados. A través de ella se accede a un patio, bajo una gran claraboya, con pavimento en damero blanco y negro de mármol, delimitado por columnas de acero torneadas.
Áreas administrativas y de reunión rodean a este patio, que da acceso a la sala de sesiones del Comité Ejecutivo Nacional. A través de la circulación lateral se accede a otro patio menor que hace las veces de antesala a la histórica Sala de la Convención, la que se ilumina simbólicamente con la histórica máxima de José Batlle y Ordóñez: “La historia de las asambleas es la historia de la libertad”.​
La salida fiscal del solar en el que se encuentra la casa partidaria fue autorizada en 1833 por el primer Secretario del primer gobierno de Uruguay (la primera presidencia de Fructuoso Rivera), el magistrado Francisco Araúcho. Este solar fue adquirido por María Corbella.
En 1836, con el nacimiento de las divisas tradicionales, el terreno fue comprado por Ramón Massini, heredándolo a su muerte su hija Dolores y luego su nieta Flora Grenfell Massini de Haigh en 1871.
María Engracia Parker compró el solar en 1882, y lo vendió al año a Adolfo Nubeel, quién construirá el primer edificio del cual se tienen noticias. Por ejecución hipotecaria el inmueble pasó a propiedad de Antonio Agustini en 1893, y luego a su hijo Antonio S. Agustini.
En 1905, en la primera presidencia de José Batlle y Ordóñez, Casimira Chavarria de Cordero y su hija Josefina compran el inmueble.
El 8 de febrero de 1942 se realiza, ante el Esc. Jorge Carbonell, la compraventa del inmueble a nombre de uno de los hijos de Batlle y Ordóñez, César Batlle Pacheco. Después de una campaña de recolección de fondos entre adherentes batllistas se iniciaron los trabajos de reciclado de la antigua casa y luego de un tiempo se sumarían los inmuebles que dan a las calles San José y Soriano.
Batlle Pacheco dispuso que a su muerte se legara “al sublema Batllismo de Partido Colorado, los inmuebles situados entre las calles Soriano, Vázquez, San José y Médanos”.
A lo largo de todas sus décadas de funcionamiento hasta la actualidad ha albergado actividades partidarias, culturales e incluso deportivas.​