davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Калифорнийн Их Сургууль (Дэвис)

Дэвис дэх Калифорнийн их сургууль (англ. University of California, Davis, UC Davis) нь Калифорни мужийн Дэвис хотын ойролцоох олон нийтийн өмчит Холбооны Засгийн газрын санхүүжилттэй судалгааны их сургууль юм. Олон нийтийн Айви гэж нэрлэгддэг тус сургууль нь Калифорнийн их сургуулийн системийн арван салбарын хамгийн хойд хэсэг юм. Тус байгууллага нь анх 1905 онд системийн хөдөө аж ахуйн салбар танхимаар байгуулагдсан бөгөөд 1959 онд Калифорнийн их сургуулийн долоо дахь кампус болжээ.
Тус их сургуулийг "R1: Докторын их сургуулиуд - судалгааны маш өндөр үйл ажиллагаа" гэж ангилдаг. Дэвисийн факультетэд Үндэсний шинжлэх ухааны академийн 23 гишүүн, Америкийн урлаг, шинжлэх ухааны академийн 30 гишүүн, Америкийн хуулийн хүрээлэнгийн 17 гишүүн , Анагаах ухааны хүрээлэнгийн 14 гишүүн, Үндэсний инженерчлэлийн академийн 14 гишүүн багтдаг. Их сургуулийн багш, төгсөгчид, судлаачдын хүртсэн бусад гавьяатуудын дунд хоёр Нобелийн шагнал, нэг Филдсийн медаль, нэг Ерөнхийлөгчийн эрх чөлөөний медаль, гурван Пулицерийн шагнал, гурван Макартурын тэтгэлэг, Шинжлэх ухааны үндэсний медаль зэрэг байгааг дурдаж болно.
Хэдийгээр Дэвис хотын нэрээр нэрлэгдсэн ч кампус нь техникийн хувьд Дэвис хотын зэргэлдээ Йоло, Солано суурьшлын хэсэгт байрладаг. Гол кампус нь Сакраментогоос баруун тийш 24.1 км зайтай, Сакраментогийн хөндийд байрдапаг ба 80-р Муж хоорондын хурдны замын хажууд оршдог.
Ах дүү Райт

Ах дүү Райт, Орвилл (1871-8-19 – 1948-1-30) болон Уилбер (1867-4-16 – 1912-5-30), нарын Америкчууд 1903 оны арванхоёдугаар сарын 17-ны өдөр хүн төрөлхтний түүхэнд нисэх онгоцыг анх зохион бүтээсэн гавъяатнууд юм. 1905 оны зургаадугаар сарын 23-нд бүтээсэн нисэх төхөөрөмжөөрөө нисч туршилт нь амжилттай болж байсан түүхтэй.
Ах дүү Райт нар Рейхлин (1861—1920), Лорин (1862—1939), Уилбер Райт(1867-1912), Орвилл Райт(1871-1948), ихэр Отис ба Ида (1870, нярайдаа эндсэн), Катрина (1874—1929), нарын долоон хүүхэдтэй Милтон Райт(1828-1917), Сьюзен Кэтрин Коернер(1831-1889) нарын хүүхдүүд болон мэндэлжээ. Эцэг Райт нь Индиана Хантингтон хотын Христийн сүмийн хамба болох жил нь эхнэр нас барж, таван хүүхэдтэйгээ үлджээ. Энэ үед Орвилл хэвлэх үйлдвэрийн ажил эрхлэхээр дээд сургуулиасаа дундаас нь орхин гарсан бөгөөд ах Уилбертайгаа хамтран удалгүй хэвлэх үйлдвэр байгуулсан байна.
1892 оноос ах дүү хоёр унадаг дугуй засвар, худалдах үйлчилгээ эрхлэх компани байгуулан, дэлгүүр нээн ажиллуулдаг болов. Тэр хоёрын туйлын хүсэл зорилго нь нисэх төхөөрөмж бүтээх байлаа. Бага ахуйд нь аав нь нисдэг тэрэгний загвар бүхий тоглоом авч өгсөн нь агаарт нисэх хүсэл зоригийг бадамлуулж өгсөн ба бизнесийн үйл хэрэг нь тогтворжиж амжилттай болсон 1890 оны дунд үеээс эхлэн Леонардо да Винчи, Отто Лилиентал, Жорж Кэйли, Октава Шанюта нарын агаарын нисэх төхөөрөмжүүдийн загвар зургуудийг судлан нисдэг төхөөрөмж бүтээхэд бүхий л боломж бололцоогоо дайчлах болсон байна.
1903 оны арванхоёрдугаар сарын 17-ны өдөр Хойд Каролин мужийн Китти-Хоук хотоос холгүйхэн(10.3 км) ах дүү Райт нар 1902 онд бүтээсэн далавчны урт нь 9.8, нийт талбай нь 28.3 м, их биеийн урт 4.9 м, цэвэр жин 53 кг бүхий моторгүй хөнгөн нисэх онгоцныхоо загвар дээр үндэслэсэн онгоцоо дөрвөн удаагийн оролдлогоор туршиж 20-р зууны түүхэн үйл хэргийг бүтээсэн билээ. Эхний оролдлогын үеэр салхины хурд ихэссэн буюу 9 м/с байсан тул төхөөрөмж нь 12 секунд нисэж 36.5 метр замыг туулаад газардсан байна. Тэдний дөрөв дэх оролдлого амжилттай болон 59 секундэд 260 метр зам туулан анхны нисэх онгоц бүтээгдсэн түүхтэй.
Уилбер хэзээ ч гэрлэж байгаагүй. Тэр нэгэнтээ "эхнэр, онгоцтой болохгүй байх аа" гэж хэлж байсан гэдэг." 1912 оны тавдугаар сарын 30-нд гэдэсний хижиг өвчнөөр таалал төгсчээ.
1909 оны арваннэгдүгээр сарын 22-нд ах дүү Райт нарын байгуулсан «Райт Компани (Англи: Wright Company)»-аа Уилбергийг нас барсаны дараа удирдаж байгаад 1915 онд компаниа зарж Нью-Йоркоос эцэг, дүүгийнхээ хамтаар Охайо мужийн Оквуд хотын Хауторн Хилл дэх гэр рүүгээ нүүсэн байна. 1918 онд «1911 Загвар Б» хэмээх онгоцны загварыг бүтээгээд түүнээс хойш дахин нисэх онгоц бүтээгээгүй ажээ. Нисэх хүчний олон байгууллагуудад олон жил ажиллаж байгаад 1948 оны нэгдүгээр сарын 30-нд насан эцэслэжээ. Түүний амьдралын сүүлийн жилүүдэд тийрэлтэт хөдөлгүүр, дуунаас хурдан онгоцны түүхэн хөгжил эхэлсэн байсан билээ.
Тайбэй-101

Тайванийн нийслэл Тайбэйд байдаг. “Taipei 101 Tower”-ийн экстерьер, интерьерийн аль алинд Хятадын эртний Буддын шашны сүм хийдүүд болон уламжлалт уран барилгын архитектурын онцлог шингэсэн байна. Түүнчлэн барилгын ерөнхий хэв загвар нь Хятад үндэстний сайн сайхан амьдралын бэлгэдэл болсон хулсан цэцгийн /bamboo/ хэлбэрийг санагдуулна. Барилгын ерөнхий экстерьер нь хулсны ишээс санаа аван хийсэн найман таслагдсан хэсэгтэй. Найман давхарга хэсэгтэй байхыг архитекторууд хятадууд наймын тоог бэлгэшээдэгтэй холбоотойгоор санаагаа гаргасан юм.
Тус барилгын онцлог нь байгалийн гамшиг болох газар хөдлөлт, үер, аянга зэрэг аюулаас бүрэн хамгаалагдсан, эрчим хүч, цахилгааны 2 эх үүсвэртэй, Тайваний хамгийн өндөр 101 давхар барилгын эргэн тойронд байрласан хиймэл дагуулын мэдрэгчээр дамжуулан Тайвань улсын эргэн тойронд болж байгаа байгалийн хүчний мэдээллийг хамгийн түрүүнд өндөр хурдаар хүлээн авч мэргэжилтнүүдэд дамжуулах зорилготой, Тайпей хотын дарга болон онцгой байдлын мэргэжилтнүүдийн оффисын зориулалттай байна.
2004 онд “C.Y. Lee and Partner” барилгын төсөл хэрэгжүүлэгчдийн барьсан “Taipei 101 Tower” нь 509 метр өндөр, 198,347 m2 талбайтай. Энэхүү барилга баригдахаас өмнө дэлхийн хамгийн өндөр барилгын жагсаалтыг Малайзын нийслэл Kuala Lumpur дахь Petronas Twin Towers /452 метр/ тэргүүлдэг байсан. “Taipei 101 Tower”-ийн машины зогсоол талбай 2000 орчим машин багтах зайтай.
Мариа Белло

Мариа Белло (Англи: Maria Bello, 1967 оны дөрөвдүгээр сарын 18-нд Пенсильвани мужийн Норристаун хотод төрсөн) — Америкийн кино жүжигчин эмэгтэй бөгөөд «Алтан бөмбөрцөг»-т хоёр дэвшиж байв.
Итали, польш, америк гаралтай Белло улс төр судлалыг урлагийн ангиар солиод Виллановагийн их сургуулийг дүүргэж, Нью-Йоркийн тайзнаа тодорчээ.
Белло 1991, 1994, 1995 оны сериалаар киноны салбарт танигдаж, улмаар «Тогтуун шөнө» (1998), «Төлөөс» (1999), «Бохир цөөвөр чоно» (2000) кинонуудаар олонд танигдсан түүхтэй.
«Холигч» (2003), «Хүчирхийллийн түүх»-ийн (2005) туслах дүрээр Сателлит гардаж, «Алтан бөмбөрцөг», «Гилд»-эд дэвшсэн.
Белло ганц хүүтэй хэдий ч ижил хүйстэнтэйгээ явалддаг болохоо 2013 оны арваннэгдүгээр сард зарлажээ.
Lippo Centre (Hong Kong)

Lippo Centre (Chinese: 力寶中心; Jyutping: lik6 bou2 zung1 sam1), previously known as the Bond Centre (奔達中心; ban1 daat6 zung1 sam1), is a twin tower skyscraper complex completed in 1988 at 89 Queensway, in Admiralty on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong near Admiralty station. Tower I is 186 m (610.2 ft) with 46 storeys, and Tower II is 172 m (564.3 ft) with 42 storeys.
The Lippo Centre is a landmark development located in the heart of Admiralty comprising approximately 120 thousand square metres (1.3×10^ sq ft) in two office towers with a retail podium element situated on the ground floors and a small basement car park.
On completion in late 1987, Savills Investment Management began managing the Lippo Centre. Since 1988, the landmark has been riddled with spectacular corporate collapses in its ownership. Relatives of the Singapore-based Kwee Liong Tek family had a majority consortium interest in the construction from its conception, later selling their majority interest half-way through construction to British-born Australian business tycoon Alan Bond, who went bankrupt four years later with the collapse of the Bond Corporation. It has had several corporate ownership failures since and was eventually taken over by Peregrine Investments Holdings who also faced financial collapse, and the Indonesian-backed Lippo Group who are the largest single owner of the building. Local feng shui consultants have suggested the building has bad feng-shui based on the C-shaped glass-walled extrusions (often referred to locally as resembling koalas clinging to a tree), although Peregrine's own feng-shui consultant gave the towers a clean bill of health.
The octagonal buildings, clad with a dark blue refractive glass curtain wall, were designed by American architect Paul Rudolph who was working at the time as a design consultant for Wong & Ouyang. The buildings' main construction contractor was Hip Hing Construction.
In 1988, Rudolph wrote: "The aesthetic intent is to...give the building 'presence' when seen at a great distance, from the middle distance, and from close distance, and from close hand. At the same time, it is intended that the building inhabit the sky, and become dematerialized by reflecting the ever changing light."
The late muralist-artist Gerard D'Alton Henderson, who designed the walls in the Hong Kong Mandarin Oriental Hotel, enriched the lobby with dramatic bas-relief murals.
The Lippo Centre is connected to the Central Elevated Walkway network of footbridges.
One of the more well known companies registered in the Lippo Centre is the Network of Asia and Pacific Producers (NAPP) which serves and caters to the needs of Fairtrade producers in Asia and Pacific and has a membership of over 200 producer organizations. The building also houses the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong and Christian Muhr Global Asset Management, which employs 1,200 staff and occupies six floors of Tower Two of the Lippo Centre. Several foreign consulates have also established representative offices in the Lippo Centre, such as Angola, Brunei, Ireland, Mongolia, Romania, Turkey and Taiwan, as well as foreign chambers of commerce.
Altay railway station

Altay railway station (Chinese: 阿勒泰站; pinyin: Ālēitài Zhàn), also known as Aletai railway station, is a railway station in Altay City, Altay Prefecture, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. It was opened as an extension of the Kuytun–Beitun railway on 10 June 2017, ending Altay City's history of no railway services.
Construction of Altay railway station started in July 2015, as one of the major infrastructure projects of the Altay Prefecture in the twelfth five-year plan of the PRC. The basic structural construction of the station building was completed in July 2016, and after some furnishing work, the station was opened for operation with the departure of the K9772/9773 train to Aksu City on 10 June 2017. Altay station started providing services to Ürümqi and other places in Xinjiang via the Kuytun–Beitun railway. Services to Fuyun began on 6 December 2020 upon the completion of the Altay–Fuyun section of the Altay–Fuyun–Zhundong railway.
Altay City is rich in mineral resources, has unique tourism resources, and borders Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. Therefore, Altay railway station is an important transportation hub for the northern passage of the Silk Road Economic Belt. The opening of the railway station shortened the distance between the Altay Prefecture and other places in Xinjiang and is expected to bring more domestic and overseas tourists to visit the attractions in Altay.
The station is served by five passenger trains per day. Most services terminate at Fuyun or Ürümqi, but there is one long-haul service, K4016, to Zhengzhou via Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway's Ürümqi and Lanzhou. There were formerly services to Aksu and Kashgar when the station was first opened.
Alsancak Mustafa Denizli Stadium

The Alsancak Mustafa Denizli Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in İzmir, Turkey used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 and was built in 1929. In 1959 it hosted Turkey's first-ever premiere league game. The stadium is owned by Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey). Due to safety concerns during a potential earthquake, the stadium was demolished in July 2015. It was rebuilt between 2017 and 2021. Opened on 26 November 2021. The name of the stadium was given by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in honor of Turkish football player and coach Mustafa Denizli.
The stadium has a special place in Turkish football in terms of hosting many clubs and hosting important world clubs since the first day it was opened. Although Alsancak Stadium hosted more than one club at the same time like other long-established stadiums in the past.
Altınordu Club left its field where the current Alsancak Sports Hall and Swimming Pool is located to the state for the 1971 Mediterranean Games. For this reason, Altınordu signed a protocol with the Prime Ministry General Directorate of Physical Education in 1962 and obtained the right to use Alsancak Stadium together with Altay in return for the field it gave.
A new stadium with a capacity of 15,000 was built on the site of the old stadium, and it was completed in 2021.
38°26′14.24″N 27°09′03.20″E﻿ / ﻿38.4372889°N 27.1508889°E﻿ / 38.4372889; 27.1508889
Altay–Fuyun–Zhundong railway

The Altay–Fuyun–Zhundong railway is a single-track passenger and freight railway in China.
At Zhundong, the line meets the Ürümqi–Dzungaria railway. At Altay, it meets the Kuytun–Beitun railway.
Construction of the railway began in August 2016. The section from Fuyun to Zhundong North opened on 30 December 2019. The remaining 148 kilometres (92 mi) section from Altay to Fuyun opened on 6 December 2020.
Mace (construction company)

Mace Group Ltd, commonly known as Mace, is a global construction business headquartered in London employing nearly 7,300 people, across five continents, and with a turnover of around £2 billion.
The company was founded by a group of construction and architecture professionals, led by Ian Macpherson, who left Bovis in 1990 hoping to bring in a more collaborative way of working in the traditionally combative construction industry. It prohibited its subcontractors from falsely claiming staff were self-employed.
During 1997, Mace beat Bovis to be appointed as the project and construction manager on British Airways' Waterside headquarters at Heathrow. Other early construction projects undertaken by the company included the London Eye and The Venetian. The firm engaged in PFI projects and post privatisation railway work.
In 2009, Mace contracted to build The Shard, the tallest building in London, at a fixed price. In 2021, it completed a ferris wheel in Dubai nearly twice as tall as the London Eye.
In 2023, Mace's facilities management division was sold in a management buyout.
Mace's activities include:
Mace's programme management activities have included advising on the Metrolinx transit system for the Government of Ontario, and, as part of a team with Arcadis, advising on a new railway tunnel in New York.
Major projects involving Mace have included:
Suffolk Construction Company

Suffolk Construction Company stylized as Suffolk is an American construction contracting company based in Boston, Massachusetts, with additional locations in California, Florida, Maine, New York, Texas and Virginia. The company is contracted for work in the aviation, commercial, education, healthcare, gaming, residential, mission critical, and government sectors. Suffolk is the largest construction contractor in Massachusetts and one of the 20 largest in the country.
Suffolk Construction Company was founded in 1982, by Edward Fish Sr. as an open-shop building contractor. Immediately thereafter, Fish seeded Suffolk with an $80,000 loan and transferred full leadership and management to his 23-year-old son, John F. Fish, who has led the company as president and CEO since its founding.
By 1987, the company had grown its annual revenues from $300 thousand to $66 million. In 1989, the company expanded its operations to South Florida.
Suffolk reached an agreement with Boston's carpentry union in 1993, in which it agreed to use union workers in downtown Boston, but would remain non-union in other areas. In 1999, Suffolk reached a larger deal with the carpentry union in which it agreed to use union workers throughout the New England area.
In 2009, Suffolk acquired William A. Berry & Son, a large New England contractor that specialized in biomedical and healthcare construction. Suffolk acquired the San Diego–based ROEL Construction in January 2011 in an effort to expand its growth in California.
In January 2016, the company was selected as general contractor for the $1.7 billion Wynn Resorts casino in Everett, Massachusetts. In September 2016, the company held a ceremony in which they used virtual reality technology to "break ground" on their new headquarters project. Suffolk was chosen as the general contractor for the General Electric's Boston headquarters building in December 2016.
In 2018, Forbes reported that the company is the 148th largest private company in the U.S. That same year, Suffolk was ranked 23rd on Engineering News-Record's "Top 400 Contractors" list.
In 2023, Suffolk was ranked the 133rd largest private company in the U.S. by Forbes, and was ranked 24th on Engineering News-Record's list of top contractors.
Landmark 72

Landmark 72 is a mixed-use supertall skyscraper in Pham Hung road, Nam Từ Liêm district, Hanoi, Vietnam. The complex consists of one 72-story mixed-use tower with a height of 350 m and two 48-story hotel twin towers. Landmark 72 is located on an area of 46,054 m and the total floor area is 609,673 m, ranked 5th as the largest floor area of a single building in the world. The investor and operator of the complex is the South Korean-based company Keangnam Enterprises, Ltd. The investment capital is estimated at US$1.05 billion.
The complex features a 5-star InterContinental hotel, offices, entertainment areas, retail spaces, clinics and convention centres. The complex opened on 18 May 2012. Keangnam Enterprises indirectly owned a 70-per cent stake in Landmark 72. The company invested over US$ 1 billion with US$ 510 million borrowed from banks.
Landmark 72 is the site of Vietnam's tallest stair climbing race, the Vietnam Landmark 72 Hanoi Vertical Run. On 30 September 2012, runners competed for the first time to be the fastest to ascend the tower's 1,914 steps.
On 11 June 2008, an agreement was signed between the building owner and the InterContinental Hotels Group to operate the 359-room hotel under InterContinental Hanoi Landmark 72 with 9 hotel floors from the 62nd floor to 70th floor (Hotel Club Lounge located on the 71st Floor).
In November 2010, the main tower reached approximately 300 metres, making it the tallest building and structure in Vietnam. On 24 January 2011, the main tower topped out at 350 metres; it became the tallest building in Vietnam while the other two towers had topped out months before with the height of 212 metres. The complex opened on 18 May 2012. The building held the status of the tallest building in Vietnam until Landmark 81 was built in 2018.
A Vietnamese court valued the complex at US$ 770 million in May 2015 and AON Holdings from South Korea would take over the bank loan by paying US$ 373.4 million to become the majority owner.
In early 2017, it emerged that a bribery scheme related to a proposed sale of Landmark 72 building complex in 2014 led to the arrest and charge of former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's nephew and charge of Ban's brother, Ban Ki-sang, an executive of South Korean firm Keangnam Enterprises Co Ltd. In 2013, Keangnam was facing a liquidity crisis and intended to refinance or sell the complex. When the deal eventually fell through, Keangnam entered into court receivership in South Korea. Also, Malcolm Albert Harris, a self proclaimed New York City fashion designer who pled guilty to stealing US$500,000 as part of a phony negotiation to sell Landmark 72 to a Qatari royal.
Navesink Twin Lights

The Navesink Twin Lights is a non-operational lighthouse and museum located in Highlands, Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States, overlooking Sandy Hook Bay, the entrance to New York Harbor, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Twin Lights, as the name implies, are a pair of beacons located 246 feet (75 m) above sea level on the headlands of the Navesink Highlands.
In 1962, the State of New Jersey acquired Twin Lights. The museum offers tours of the lighthouse, and a climb of the North Tower. Twin Lights is listed on the State and National Register of Historic Places, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006 for its architecture and its role in the development of lighthouse technologies.
The Twin Lights State Historic Site is part of the New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route.
A lighthouse existed on the site since 1828, when it became an important guide and landmark for ships navigating the treacherous entrances to New York Harbor.
The current lighthouse was constructed in 1862. The non-identical towers by day and the two beacons by night—one flashing and one fixed—allowed ready identification by mariners of the identity of the facility, thus allowing a rough determination of their location approaching the harbor.
This was the first American lighthouse to test a Fresnel lens and was also the site of a demonstration by Marconi of the wireless telegraph in 1899. A bi-valve fresnel lens is on display in the museum.
The north tower light was discontinued in 1898; at the same time the south tower was electrified, one of the first lighthouses in the United States to do so. It was automated in 1949, but was discontinued in 1952 as the importance of the light diminished.
In 1962, the site was turned over to the state of New Jersey, by the Borough of Highlands. The sixth order lens was previously acquired and installed in the north tower by the Shrewsbury Power Squadron and presented to the town which reactivated the north tower as a private aid to navigation. This light remains active.
Twin Tower

Twin Tower (Chinese: 雙塔型) is a 1970s Hong Kong public housing residential block design. In plan, the blocks look like two hollow squares joined at one corner of each square. Each block comprises two "towers" of different heights, although their shapes are the same. The high tower ranges from 24 to 28 stories while the low tower is 21 stories. The size of a typical flat is 36 to 46 m. It cannot support more than 5 people in a typical flat.
The units in Twin Tower blocks are self-contained flats, each with a kitchen, toilet, and balcony.
The first Twin Tower blocks appeared at Wah Fu Estate. They were suited to the steeply sloping site, as one of the two "towers" within each block is offset by three storeys from the other, providing ground level entrances at multiple points along the slope. The two central atria in each block measure 50 by 50 feet. Reportedly, the square shape of the twin tower design provided the structural stability necessary to build more floors than the earlier, narrower slab blocks.
The Twin Tower blocks at Wah Fu make use of load-bearing partition walls which make construction faster through standardisation, obviate the need for interior columns within flats, and improve structural wind resistance.
After their introduction at Wah Fu Estate, the Twin Tower design appeared at Oi Man Estate and then many other public estates across Hong Kong in the 1970s.
Aeropuerto Internacional Santa Bernardina

El Aeropuerto Internacional de Alternativa de Durazno «Santa Bernardina»» (IATA: DZO, OACI: SUDU) es un aeropuerto público y militar que sirve a la ciudad de Durazno, en Uruguay, situado en la localidad de Santa Bernardina, a 3 km al este de Durazno. Se lo considera un aeropuerto tanto público como militar, debido a que comparte sus instalaciones con la Base Aérea Tte. 2° Mario W. Parallada de la Fuerza Aérea Uruguaya.
Actualmente opera vuelos domésticos e internacionales no regulares, tanto bajo reglas de vuelo instrumental como bajo reglas de vuelo visual, y su categoría OACI es 4E.​​
Inaugurado el día domingo 14 de abril del año 1977, contó con la presencia del entonces presidente interino Aparicio Méndez.
Su función primordial fue, hasta la concesión del Aeropuerto Internacional de Punta del Este en 1993, servir como parada alternativa a los vuelos que, por razones climatológicas, no pudieran aterrizar en el Aeropuerto Internacional de Carrasco. El aeropuerto de Santa Bernardina en Durazno cuenta con servicios básicos como Bomberos,atención médica y planta de reabastecimiento de combustible.
El aeropuerto de Durazno es administrado y mantenido por el Ministerio de Defensa Nacional. El equipamiento y la tecnología de esta terminal ha quedado casi obsoleto debido a limitaciones financieras, por lo que en diciembre de 2020 el gobierno uruguayo creó el Sistema Nacional de Aeropuertos Internacionales (SNAI), con el fin de priorizar el desarrollo de servicios aeroportuarios en el país.​ En abril de 2021 se estableció que Durazno sería uno de los ocho aeropuertos que integrarían este sistema.​ El poder ejecutivo prevé licitar la concesión de sus operaciones a privados por un mínimo de 30 y un máximo de 50 años. Los requisitos son llevar a cabo obras de infraestructura y acondicionamiento de pistas, tecnología de control de vuelos y modernización de servicios de tierra para aumentar la capacidad de aeronaves de pasajeros y cargas.​​
El aeródromo cuenta con dos pistas de aterrizaje. La pista 03/21 es de concreto asfáltico y hormigón, y tiene una longitud de 2279 metros de largo y 45 de ancho. La pista 10/28 es de concreto asfáltico y tiene una longitud de 1452 metros de largo y 30 de ancho.​
En 2020 se realizaron 43 vuelos nacionales y 2 vuelos internacionales de taxis aéreos, y transitaron un total de 24 pasajeros internacionales; sin embargo, no hubo tránsito de pasajeros nacionales.​
El aeropuerto se encuentra sobre la ruta 5, a la altura del kilómetro 186, en la localidad de Santa Bernardina. Se accede a la ciudad de Durazno por esta ruta al sur. La ciudad cuenta con servicio de taxis a requerimiento y hay servicio de ómnibus diario diurno.
Aeropuerto Internacional Tydeo Larre Borges

El Aeropuerto Internacional de Paysandú - Tydeo Larre Borges (IATA: PDU, OACI: SUPU) es un aeropuerto público que sirve a la ciudad de Paysandú, en Uruguay, situado a 6 km al sur de la ciudad. En 1996 fue bautizado con el nombre del célebre aviador Tydeo Larre Borges, primer aviador americano en cruzar el Atlántico Sur.​​​​
Actualmente opera vuelos domésticos e internacionales no regulares, bajo reglas de vuelo visual, con capacidad de recibir servicios de taxi aéreo, fumigadores y mantenimiento liviano.​​ Su categoría OACI es 2B.​
En abril de 2021 el aeropuerto de Paysandú comenzó a formar parte del Sistema Nacional de Aeropuertos Internacionales de Uruguay, que tiene el fin de desarrollar múltiples aeropuertos fuera de la capital del país, previendo conceder sus operaciones a privados por un período de al menos 30 años. Hoy en día la pista principal se encuentra en excelente estado, el balizamiento se renovó completamente, se agregaron luces indicadoras de trayectoria de aproximación de precisión (PAPI) y un Sistema de Iluminación de Aproximación Simple en la cabecera 20, opera únicamente vuelos diurnos, se realiza un continuo control y seguimiento de la presencia de aves y fauna en el área operativa y cuenta con una planta de combustible con depósitos de AVGAS 100LL y Jet A-1.
El renovado Aeropuerto Internacional de Paysandú recibió una inversión de más de USD 12,4 millones. La inversión inicial se volcó en una nueva terminal de pasajeros, balizamiento, reconstrucción de pista y plataforma, iluminación, cerco perimetral y nuevos equipos de comunicaciones, permitiendo que la terminal opere las 24 horas del día durante todo el año y ampliando así el abanico de aeronaves que pueden operar en este aeropuerto. Esto mejorará la conectividad de la región, esperando conectar esta terminal aérea con ciudades nacionales e internacionales.​​
El aeródromo cuenta con una pista. La pista 02/20 es de concreto asfáltico y tiene una longitud de 1320 metros de largo y 30 de ancho.​
Con la renovación del Aeropuerto, la pista 10/28 quedó anulada.
En la década del 2000 servía vuelos regulares con Montevideo, y disputaba con el Aeropuerto Nueva Hespérides la posibilidad de transformarse en terminal aérea de escala para vuelos regionales.​
En 2020 se realizaron 193 vuelos nacionales y 1 vuelo internacional de taxis aéreos, y transitaron un total de 426 pasajeros nacionales; sin embargo, no hubo tránsito de pasajeros internacionales.​
El aeropuerto se encuentra en el extremo sur de la calle Brigadier Gral. (Aviador) Tydeo Larre Borges. Se accede a la ciudad de Paysandú por esta calle al norte. La ciudad cuenta con servicio de taxis a requerimiento.
Carrasco Norte

Carrasco Norte es un barrio de la ciudad de Montevideo ubicado al este de dicha ciudad, en jurisdicción del Municipio E.​
Integra el CCZ08 y limita con los barrios de la Cruz de Carrasco, Carrasco, la localidad de Bañados de Carrasco y la ciudad canaria de Paso Carrasco.
Sus avenidas y arterias principales son Avenida Italia y Camino Carrasco, debido al amplio flujo vehicular y al ser importantes vías de acceso a Montevideo. Otras vías de importancia son la Avenida Bolivia, las calles Cooper, Havre, el Camino Máximo Tajes, la calle Santa Mónica y la Avenida Horacio Acosta y Lara.
La zona se caracteriza por estructuras residenciales, encontrando como puntos de atracción el Portones Shopping, con su terminal de transporte y el complejo del Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay con su museo de ciencia.​
A su vez funcionan distintas instituciones educativas de carácter público y privado, como el The British Schools y la Scuola Italiana di Montevideo, entre otras.
Por la zona de Carrasco Norte circulan distintas líneas de transporte público, tanto por la Avenida Italia como por Camino Carrasco, a su vez operan en la zona dos líneas locales, las líneas L20 y L21 que atraviesan buena parte del barrio.
Ambas líneas son circuitales, teniendo el mismo recorrido en sentido horario y antihorario, sin tener un destino. Estas líneas cuentan con una escasa frecuencia, que dificulta en gran medida la conexión con otras líneas.
Desde el año 2004, con la puesta en funcionamiento de la terminal Portones, en la explanada principal del centro comercial homónimo, muchas líneas de transporte extendieron sus recorridos hacia la misma, convirtiéndose también en un importante punto de intercambio.
Aeropuerto de Varsovia-Chopin

El Aeropuerto Chopin de Varsovia (en lengua polaca: Lotnisko Chopina w Warszawie (IATA: WAW, OACI: EPWA), también conocido como Aeropuerto Internacional de Varsovia, es un aeropuerto internacional localizado en el distrito de Włochy, en Varsovia, Polonia. Anteriormente conocido como Aeropuerto Internacional Okęcie, fue nombrado en homenaje al famoso compositor polaco que residía en Varsovia, Frédéric Chopin. Es el aeropuerto con más movimiento de Polonia, concentrando cerca del 50 % de todo el tráfico de pasajeros del país. En el aeropuerto tienen base de operaciones las aerolíneas LOT Polish Airlines (que es la aerolínea dominante en el aeropuerto), Wizz Air, Enter Air y Eurolot. Las cuatro utilizan el aeropuerto como centro de conexiones entre vuelos o Hub.
Su nombre anterior, lotnisko Okęcie (Aeropuerto de Okęcie), es de uso coloquial y es utilizado en el tráfico aéreo y en referencias aeroportuarias.
El aeropuerto de Varsovia soporta un tráfico de aproximadamente cien vuelos diarios programados, con un número creciente de destinos. Londres, Moscú, París y Ámsterdam son las conexiones internacionales con más movimiento, en cuanto Cracovia, Breslavia y Gdansk son los vuelos de cabotaje más populares.
Recientemente se han abierto al público los diques sur y central. La nueva terminal, así como el dique norte, fueron proyectados y construidos por el consorcio de empresas Ferrovial Agromán - Budimex - Estudio Lamela, siendo la segunda de ellas filial del grupo Ferrovial. Esta ampliación con un marcado carácter español marcó un antes y un después en la historia de la construcción de grandes proyectos polacos, los cuales seguían, hasta la fecha, claramente influenciados por el estilo de construcción de la época poscomunista. Cabe destacar la terminación en un tiempo récord de las instalaciones en este aeropuerto, las cuales fueron dirigidas por los ingenieros industriales Martín de Oleza Llobet, Vicente Llorca Defior y Ricardo Pinillos Villaescusa, equipo que actualmente presta sus servicios en la expansión del aeropuerto internacional de Heathrow.
Aeropuerto de París-Charles de Gaulle

El Aeropuerto Internacional de Paris-Charles de Gaulle (IATA: CDG, OACI: LFPG), también conocido como Aeropuerto de Roissy (del francés: Aéroport de Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle) es un aeropuerto localizado en el área metropolitana de París, Francia diseñado y desarrollado por el arquitecto francés Paul Andreu.​ Es el principal aeropuerto de la nación gala y es uno de los más importantes centros de aviación en el mundo. Su nombre se debe al general y antiguo presidente de Francia, Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970). Está localizado cerca de Roissy, a 25 km al noreste de París. La construcción de esta terminal, duró casi 10 años siendo inaugurado el 8 de marzo de 1974. Años más tarde y debido a la gran afluencia de vuelos, se construyó la terminal 2, también a cargo de Paul Andreu, e inaugurándose en 2003.​ El aeropuerto sirve como hub principal de la aerolínea Air France y como hub europeo de Delta Airlines.
Su gestión la realiza la sociedad privada Aéroports de Paris (ADP), autoridad aeroportuaria encargada de la explotación de los aeropuertos parisinos.
En 2015, el Aeropuerto París-Charles de Gaulle recibió 65,766,986 pasajeros, siendo el segundo aeropuerto con mayor tráfico de pasajeros en Europa, solo por debajo del Aeropuerto de Londres-Heathrow.
El Aeropuerto CDG está conectado a la red del RER, y también a la del TGV, permitiendo el tráfico con el centro de París. También enlaza con la red Thalys, que conecta el aeropuerto con la Estación Mediodía (Bruxelles Midi/Brussel Zuid) de Bruselas en Bélgica.
Otros medios disponibles para llegar al centro son: autobuses Air France, Roissybus, autobuses RATP, Bus Noctilien, minibuses y taxis.
La sede social del Air France es en Roissypôle, Aeropuerto de París-Charles de Gaulle, Tremblay-en-France.​​​​​
El Aeropuerto Charles de Gaulle tiene una superficie 32,38 km². Se extiende por tres departamentos y siete comunas de la región Isla de Francia:
De cualquier modo, la administración del aeropuerto está a cargo de Aéroports de Paris, que también se encarga del Aeropuerto de Orly, el Aeropuerto Le Bourget y otros pequeños aeropuertos en los suburbios de París.
El aeropuerto tiene tres terminales. Terminal 1 es la más antigua, la terminal 2 fue construida exclusivamente para Air France; desde entonces se ha ampliado considerablemente y ahora también alberga otras aerolíneas. La tercera terminal (T3, antiguamente T9) acoge a compañías de vuelos chárter y de aerolíneas de bajo costo. El CDGVAL es un servicio de transporte de tren ligero que une las terminales, la estación de tren y estacionamientos. Iniciado el 4 de abril de 2007, el CDGVAL conecta las tres terminales (excepto sala de 2G).
**
Ver fuente y consulta Wikidata.
Los aeropuertos más cercanos son:​
Transport in Uruguay

The transport network in Uruguay consists of 1,673 km of rail network, 7,743 km of paved roads, 1,600 km of navigable waterways, and 11 airports with paved roads.
Uruguayan railways have a total operational length of 1,673 kilometres (1,040 mi). All of them are standard gauge as of 2005.
Regular passenger services have been operated between Montevideo and 25 de Agosto (63km) since August 26, 1993 (previously all regular passenger services were withdrawn on January 2, 1988). One daily train was extended to San José (96km from Montevideo) on January 15, 2007 and another was extended from 25 de Agosto to Florida (109km from Montevideo) on January 2, 2008. Another line, which operates between Montevideo and Ingeniero Victor Sudriers, was reopened on December 15, 2005 (44km).
The state railway administration AFE has announced that starting in January 2010, 419km of track will be renewed on the Pintado-Rivera section of the central main line and part of the international branch from Rivera to Santana do Livramento, north of Chamberlain, using Russian rail. The programme will cost $30m.
Uruguay has a small network of motorways, owing to the low demand due to sparse population outside the capital. The few highways with 4 lanes are:
The traditional fuel stations were Ancap, Esso, Shell and Texaco. In 2005–2006, Petrobras bought the 90 Shell stations. In 2006–2007, Ancap bought the 90 Texaco stations. In 2011, Bridas bought the Esso stations but kept the brand.
Uruguay has 1,600 km of waterways.
Uruguay has a number of ports and harbors including: Montevideo (its major port), Fray Bentos, Nueva Palmira, Paysandú, La Paloma, Juan Lacaze, Carmelo, Conchillas, Salto, Punta del Este, Colonia del Sacramento, Piriápolis, Mercedes.
Uruguay had a total of 94 airfields as of 2012, 11 of which have paved runways. The country is primarily served by the Carrasco International Airport in Canelones Department, near the border with Montevideo Department. Handing just over 1.5 million passengers a year, its operating traffic is significantly lighter than others in the region such as Buenos Aires-Ezeiza and São Paulo-Guarulhos.
Airports - with paved runways: total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 122 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 40 under 914 m: 79 (2013)
As of 2010, Uruguay has 257 km of natural gas pipeline and 160 km of oil line.
Aero Uruguay

Empresa Aerolineas Uruguay S.A. (also known as Aerolineas Uruguayas or Aero Uruguay) was an Uruguayan cargo airline company. It was based at Carrasco International Airport at Montevideo, Uruguay.
Aero Uruguay flew from 1977 to 2005.
Aero Uruguay had a fleet mostly made up of jets, many of them formerly with Cargolux.
Veer Savarkar International Airport

Veer Savarkar International Airport (IATA: IXZ, ICAO: VOPB) is an airport located 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Port Blair and the primary airport serving the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Earlier known as Port Blair Airport, it was renamed in 2002 after Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, who had been detained in the Cellular Jail in the city for 11 years during India’s freedom struggle. It operates as a civil enclave, sharing airside facilities with INS Utkrosh of the Indian Navy.
The airport has a single runway of 3,290 m (10,794 ft) in length, accommodating most narrow-body aircraft, that includes Airbus A320, Airbus A321, and Boeing 737. Except for the civilian terminals operated by the Airports Authority of India, all other air traffic operations over Port Blair are undertaken by the Indian Navy.
Old Terminal had a capacity of 400 passengers. It covers an area of 6,100 square metres. It had 2 Boarding Gates with no aerobridges. Buses are used to provide transportation from the terminal to the aircraft parked on the apron. At present Old Terminal is not operational. At present All operations were shifted from Old Terminal to New Terminal. The future usage of Old Terminal has not decided.
Due to increasing traffic, a new 40,837 sq.m. passenger terminal at a cost of ₹ 707 crore began construction in 2019. It has three floors–one for arrivals, second for departures and third for waiting. Inside the terminal, there are 28 check-in counters, four conveyor belts and three aerobridges. It will be able to handle 1,200 passengers (600 domestic and 600 international) at peak hours, and will be able to serve 5 million passengers per annum. It was completed in June 2023 and was inaugurated on 18 July 2023.
Media related to Veer Savarkar International Airport at Wikimedia Commons
Shell (structure)

A shell is a three-dimensional solid structural element whose thickness is very small compared to its other dimensions. It is characterized in structural terms by mid-plane stress which is both coplanar and normal to the surface. A shell can be derived from a plate in two steps: by initially forming the middle surface as a singly or doubly curved surface, then by applying loads which are coplanar to the plate's plane thus generating significant stresses. Materials range from concrete (a concrete shell) to fabric (as in fabric structures).
Thin-shell structures (also called plate and shell structures) are lightweight constructions using shell elements. These elements, typically curved, are assembled to make large structures. Typical applications include aircraft fuselages, boat hulls, and the roofs of large buildings.
A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat. Membrane action in a shell is primarily caused by in-plane forces (plane stress), but there may be secondary forces resulting from flexural deformations. Where a flat plate acts similar to a beam with bending and shear stresses, shells are analogous to a cable which resists loads through tensile stresses. The ideal thin shell must be capable of developing both tension and compression.
The most popular types of thin-shell structures are:
Vadavalli

Vadavalli is a neighborhood in Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the Marudamalai Road and has been under the jurisdiction of the Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation limits since 2007. Located at the foothills of the Western Ghats, Vadavalli has a pleasant climate all through the year and has good ground water resources.
Vadavalli is about 9.1km from Coimbatore Junction railway station, 9.1km from the Gandhipuram bus stand and 19 km from the Coimbatore International Airport. The Siruvani River, which supplies drinking water to most parts of Coimbatore, is about 35 km away. From Vadavalli, there exists a link road to Thondamuthur which leads to the Siruvani Dam.
Traditionally an agricultural community, Vadavalli is now a popular residential precinct. Also, it boasts of a large number of educational institutions in its surroundings, inclusive of both schools and colleges. For instance, the Anna University Regional Campus, Bharathiar University and the Government Law College are located 4 km from Vadavalli. Avila Convent and Kalveeram Palayam Government School are two of the premier schools which are located in and around Vadavalli.
According to the 2001 India census, Vadavalli has a population of 444,700. Males and females constitute equal parts of the population - both being 50%. Vadavalli has an average literacy rate of 78%, which is significantly higher than the national average of 59.5% - the male literacy is 83%, and the female literacy is 74%. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
In 2011, Vadavalli was recorded as having been incorporated into Coimbatore Corporation limits. Initially, it only consisted of a Special Town Panchayat and Narayanasamy Nagar. It is a sample Smart City and extremely well-planned, well-maintained, clean and tidy.
A famous Lord Muruga temple in Tamil Nadu is located here. Anuvavi Temple, another Lord Murugan temple, is about 15 km away and can be reached via a mountain trail from Marudamalai. It also houses the Vellingiri Hills Lord Shiva site. The 2000-year-old Perur Temple is also close by.
RIBA International Award

The RIBA International Award is the Royal Institute of British Architects' highest award.
The shortlist for the Lubetkin Prize is made up of the winners of the RIBA International Awards.
RIBA International award winners in 2011 were:
RIBA International award winners in 2010 were:
RIBA International award winners in 2009 were:
RIBA International award winners in 2008 were:
RIBA International award winners in 2007 were:
Torta holandesa

A torta holandesa é uma sobremesa brasileira típica da culinária paulista, e consumida em todo o Brasil.
De origem campineira, é feita com um leve creme espesso e frio à base de gemas, açúcar, manteiga, creme de leite e essência de baunilha, com uma cobertura suave de leite, margarina, açúcar e achocolatado, com biscoitos banhados em chocolate ao leite ao redor.
Apesar de seu nome, a sobremesa é totalmente brasileira e não possui nenhum vínculo com os Países Baixos, onde as sobremesas são, geralmente, feitas no forno (como Appeltaart e Vlaai), e não geladas.
A sobremesa foi criada em 1990 pela cozinheira e empresária campineira Silvia Maria do Espírito Santo, no então Café Bruges, na rua Irmã Serafina, no centro de Campinas, São Paulo.
Silvia havia sofrido um acidente na Inglaterra em 1989, onde acabou perdendo seu namorado e sofrendo sequelas tanto físicas quanto emocionais. Essas sequelas fizeram com que ela ficasse no país durante todo o ano de 1989, onde trabalhou como governanta para uma família de holandeses, para quem sempre preparava diversos tipos de receitas, utilizando principalmente as frutas que cresciam no quintal da casa da família e na vizinhança, como maçãs e framboesas.
Já de volta ao Brasil e sendo proprietária de um pequeno café no centro de Campinas, Silvia recebeu um convite para ir até a casa da amiga de uma vizinha, onde a anfitriã a ofereceu um pavê, feito com bolachas Maria em camadas alternadas com creme branco, com cobertura de ganache. Esse pavê impressionou Silvia por conta de sua simplicidade e sabor, o que a motivou a recriar a receita em casa, porém de forma mais adequada a ser servida em seu café. Silvia então fez uma torta com apenas duas camadas de bolacha, uma em baixo e uma em cima, com recheio de creme branco.
Ao colocar a sobremesa à venda em seu café, Silvia percebeu que a receita tinha se tornado um sucesso e, então, decidiu aprimorar a receita, trocando as bolachas Maria que enfeitavam a sobremesa por bolachas Calipso que, ao contrário das demais bolachas, não murchavam. Após ter aprimorado a receita, Silvia decidiu então batizar a sobremesa que havia criado em homenagem aos seus patrões holandeses de quando ela trabalhava na Inglaterra.
Então, no ano de 1990, no Café Bruges, no centro da cidade de Campinas, foi criada a torta holandesa, sobremesa que viria se tornar uma das sobremesas mais famosas do Brasil. Após o sucesso da sobremesa, Silvia vendeu o Café para seu irmão e abriu uma empresa junto com seu então marido Marcos Leite, a Holandesa & Cia. O foco da empresa era a venda de doces e sobremesas para restaurantes, mas mais da metade de sua demanda vinha da venda de tortas holandesas. Após desentendimentos entre Silvia e Marcelo, que era responsável pelas finanças, a empresa foi vendida em 2005 para a atual Mr. Bey Alimentos.
Bonet (doce)

O bonet (ou “bunet”) é um pudim flan originário do Piemonte, na Itália, com uma história antiga e bem documentada: no século XIII, este doce fazia parte das mesas nobres da região. As diferenças com o flan tradicional, baseado em ovos, açúcar e leite, são a utilização de amaretti secos ralados e dum licor, que originalmente seria o Fernet (um licor amargo), mas que passou a ser um rum ou conhaque.
Outra diferença está na forma em que este pudim é cozido, uma forma para pão ou bolo inglês caramelizada, como no flan tradicional, mas colocada no forno destapada dentro dum recipiente com água fervente. Finalmente, é necessário referir que existem duas variedades de bonet: a tradicional, também chamada “alla monferrrina”, que não leva chocolate, nem cacau, e a moderna, adotada quando aqueles ingredientes das colónias americanas chegaram à Europa, e que pode levar ainda uma camada de amaretti inteiros na superfície superior.
Outras variantes incluem a utilização de noccioletti, ou seja, biscoitos de avelã, em vez dos tradicionais de amêndoa; ou a mistura de café no creme.
Leite evaporado

O leite evaporado é o leite em que a água foi parcialmente removida por evaporação. Geralmente, é 60% da umidade é retirada para termos o produto. É distinto do leite condensado por não possuir açúcar na sua composição. É um produto muito usado na culinária do Peru.
Seu surgimento ocorreu a partir da necessidade de facilitar o transporte e o armazenamento do leite. Foi o norte-americano Gail Borden que, tentando desidratá-lo, descobriu que, antes de transformar-se em leite em pó, o produto se transformava em leite condensado. A invenção de Borden, patenteada em 1856, só foi valorizada quando estourou a Guerra Civil Americana, quatro anos depois. Transportando leite em pó e leite vaporizado para as tropas - e depois colocando esses produtos no mercado.