davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Peter Jackson

Peter Robert Jackson (født 31. oktober 1961 i Pukerua Bay, New Zealand) er en nyzealandsk filmskaper som først og fremst er kjent for å ha filmatisert Ringenes herre-trilogien (bestående av filmene Ringens brorskap, To tårn og Atter en konge) og Hobbiten-trilogien (bestående av filmene En uventet reise, Smaugs ødemark og Femhærerslaget).
Før Ringenes herre laget han også en rekke andre filmer, som for eksempel splatterklassikerne Bad Taste, Meet the Feebles og Braindead. Jackson laget også en nyinnspilling av filmen King Kong som kom ut i 2005. Filmen Alle mine kjære hadde premiere i desember 2009 i USA og på New Zealand, og i Norge i mars 2010.
Den 20. mars 2011 startet Jackson produksjonen av filmatiseringen av barneboka Hobbiten av J.R.R. Tolkien. Det skulle opprinnelig bli en duologi, men den 30. juli 2012 annonserte Jackson på sin Facebook-side at de to planlagte filmene skulle bli utvidet til en trilogi. Den tredje filmen skulle ikke fungere som en bro mellom Hobbiten og Ringenes Herre, men heller fortsette Hobbiten-historien ved å bruke materiale fra appendiksa til Ringenes Herre-bøkene. Den første filmen (Hobbiten: En uventet reise) hadde et budsjett på 500 millioner amerikanske dollar, og ble ansett som en av verdens største filmer. I tillegg var mange av skuespillerne fra Ringenes Herre-trilogien tilbake i Hobbiten, blant andre Ian McKellen (Gandalv), Ian Holm (Gamle Bilbo Lommelun), Elijah Wood (Frodo Lommelun), Cate Blanchett (Galadriel), Christopher Lee (Saruman), Hugo Weaving (Elrond), Orlando Bloom (Legolas) og Andy Serkis (Gollum). Hobbiten: En uventet reise premierte i Norge 12. desember 2012, Hobbiten: Smaugs ødemark 11. desember 2013 og Hobbiten: Femhærerslaget 10. desember 2014.
I 2002 ble Jackson utnevnt til følgesvenn av New Zealands fortjenstorden. På nyttårslisten for 2010 ble han forfremmet til ridder følgesvenn og derved adlet. Han har deretter rett til å føre tiltaleformen sir foran sitt navn. Jackson ble i 2012 utnevnt til medlem av New Zealand-ordenen.
Richard Jenkins

Richard Jenkins (født 4. mai 1947 i DeKalb i Illinois) er en amerikansk skuespiller.
Jenkins har lang fartstid i Hollywood, og spilte i filmer som Hannah og hennes søstre (1987), Heksene i Eastwick (1989), Jeg, meg og Irene (2001), The Kingdom (2007), The Visitor (2007), Step Brothers (2008), Burn After Reading (2008), Let Me In (2010), The Cabin in the Woods (2012) og The Shape of Water (2017). Han spilte også en sentral gjesterolle i TV-serien Six Feet Under fra 2001 til 2005.
Jenkins ble belønnet med en Oscar-nominasjon i 2009 for sin innsats i The Visitor.
Sikring (elektrisk)

En sikring er en elektrisk komponent som skal hindre brann eller teknisk ødeleggelse i forbindelse med overbelastning eller kortslutning av elektriske strømkretser. Denne artikkelen omtaler smeltesikringen.
Smeltesikringen består av en sølvtråd som er trukket gjennom sikringen, mellom de to kontaktene. Sølvtråden kan være omgitt av sand. Når sikringen belastes over merkestrømmen på sikringen (altså ved overbelastning), vil tråden bli varmere og til slutt kan den smelte og slik bryte kretsen. Kvartsandensæ kjøler og slukker lysbuen som oppstår når tråden smelter. Spesielt ved kortslutning vil det oppstå lysbuer. I smeltesikringer for bygninger sitter sølvtråden fast i en fjærbelastet hette bak (grønn og rød på bildet). Når tråden smelter vil hetta sprette ut. Slik finnes en enkel indikasjon på hvilken sikring som er utløst i et skap som inneholder mange sikringer.
Det er to hovedtyper sikringer:
Det er to ting en sikring skal sørge for:
Tradisjonelle sikringer for bygninger har ulik tykkelse på halsen for å hindre at en sikring med stor kapasitet kan settes inn i en kurs dimensjonert for lavere strøm. Dette gjør sikringsskapet «idiotsikkert» slik at det blir umulig å forveksle sikringer og dermed kunne overbelaste kursen. Det er derimot mulig og trygt å bruke sikringer med mindre kapasitet enn kursen er dimensjonert for. Da vil sikringen dog kunne utløses ved kursens normalbelastning. Det er altså trygt å bruke 10A sikringer på en 16A kurs.
I prinsipp er en sikring en elektrisk motstand med en lav resistans. Det er utelukkende strømmen som tilfører sikringen den energien som trengs for å smelte sikringstråden. Da effekten er proporsjonal med kvadratet av strømmen (P = R*I^2), blir strømkapasiteten ganske veldefinert og reproduserbar.
Det finnes et utall spesielle sikringer for formål som ikke er omtalt her.
Ferie

Ferie er flere fridager etter hverandre. Ordet brukes også om ferieopphold eller feriereise.
Ordet ferie kommer opprinnelig fra det latinske flertallsordet feriae som var religiøse festdager da en ikke drev handel og forretninger. Ordet betegnet seinere en periode da undervisning og rettsmøter opphørte. Ferie kom som et fremmedord i norsk på slutten av 1800-tallet.
I Norge er ferie for lønnsmottakere regulert av ferieloven. Ferieloven sikrer alle arbeidstagere 25 virkedager ferie hvert år. Med virkedager menes alle dager unntatt søndager og lovfestede helligdager; 25 feriedager tilsvarer derfor fire uker pluss én dag (den såkalte Grodagen) hvert kalenderår.
Tariffoppgjøret i 2000/2001 ga mange grupper en femte ferieuke, men denne ekstra ferien er ikke en del av ferieloven, og det er et lokalt spørsmål ved hver enkelt arbeidsplass om de ansatte har en ekstra uke fri.
Arbeidstakere som fyller 60 år i ferieåret får en ekstra ferieuke, til sammen minimum 30 dager ferie.
Feriepenger skal beregnes med 10,2 % av arbeidsvederlag som er utbetalt i året før ferien tas, uansett varighet av arbeidsforholdet. For arbeidstakere over 60 år er utgjør feriepengene 12,5 %.
Den politiske ledelsen er ikke ansett som arbeidstakere, og er dermed ikke omfattet av ferieloven.
Politisk ledelse har ikke lovfestet rett til ferie. Men avhengig av det politiske arbeidet, tar de som regel ferie det antall dager som til enhver tid gjelder for statstilsatte. For tida er det 25 dager (5 uker).
Alle statsrådene har en fast stedfortreder i regjeringen.
Regjeringsmedlemmene har i utgangspunktet ingen fast arbeidstid, men har i noen tilfeller fått avspasere arbeidstid utover normal arbeidsdag som ferie.
Politisk ledelse er ikke ansatt i ordinær forstand, avhengig av den politiske situasjonen må en politiker være forberedt på å måtte gå på dagen.
Oversikten under viser minimum lovfestet ferietid i forskjellige land og bygger delvis på en oversikt utarbeidet av konsulentfirmaet Mercer i 2007. Lønnsmottakere i Finland har lengst ferie med 30 dager betalt ferie og opp til 14 lønnede høytidsdager i året. Også i Frankrike og De forente arabiske emirater er 30 dager minimum. Minst ferie er det ifølger Mercer på Filippinene, der arbeidstagere har krav på bare fem dagers ferie i løpet av året.
Josefine på ferie

Josefine på ferie er et videospill utviklet og utgitt av Pinjata. Spillet er rettet mot barn, med kaninen Josefine som protagonist. Spillet ble gitt ut i 1997.
I dette spillet møter man kaninen Josefine. Hun er på ferie med campingvognen sin i skogen. I spillet kan man spille ulike spill, som for eksempel å lage mat, gå i labyrint, spille kort og mye mer. Spillet inneholder også mange sanger og eventyr. Aldersgrensen på spillet er tre år.
Mr. Beans ferie

Mr. Beans ferie er en britisk filmkomedie laget av Rowan Atkinson som handler om Mr. Bean. Filmen kom i 2007 og varer 85 minutter.
Det er juni i London og det regner. Mr. Bean er med på en basar, der det går an å vinne en tur til en strand i Cannes. Mr. Bean kommer akkurat i tide til at han får høre vinneren. «Og vinneren er:» sier oppleseren, «919» Mr. Bean tar en titt på loddet men ser til sin store fortvilelse at han har lodd 616. Det han ikke vet, er at han holdt det feil vei. Han hiver det vekk og det lander i en vogn på et elektrisk tog. Han ser tilfeldigvis bort på toget, og der ligger loddet, denne gangen rett vei! Oppleseren skal akkurat til å trekke et nytt lodd da Mr. Bean roper: «Jeg vant, jeg vant!» På turen får han med seg to hundre euro i lommepenger og et videokamera.
Først tar han Eurostartoget fra London til Paris, og skal deretter ta tog fra Gare de Lyon til Cannes. På Eurostartoget skal han ha seg kaffe. Damen bak disken spør: «La Caffe» «Oui» svarer han. «La sugar» spør damen. «No» svarer han. Så sier hun: «You speak very good french» Da svarer Mr. Bean: «Gracias!»
Da han er fremme med det første toget skal han ta drosje til Gare de Lyon. Han kan selvfølgelig ikke snakke fransk så han sier til sjåføren: «Tøff, tøff, Gare de Lyon» Han tror han har veldig god tid, så han leter etter filmkameraet for å filme drosjen. Mens han leter kommer en annen mann og stjeler drosjen han skulle ta. Så kommer det en ny drosje. Han leter fortsatt etter kameraet sitt, så et ektepar kommer og sier at de skal til La Défense. Så går de for å hente bagasjen sin, og da hopper Mr. Bean inn i feil drosje. Drosjen kjører forbi mange kjente plasser som Eiffeltårnet og Notre-Dame. Mr. Bean filmer alt han ser, til og med veggen inni en tunnel. Drosjen setter han av ved La Défense, og Mr. Bean kan ikke se noen jernbanestasjon. Han prøver fortvilet å spørre franskmenn med tegnspråk, men ingen forstår ham. Da ser han et kart over Paris. La Défense ligger helt i ene enden av Paris, mens Gare De Lyon ligger i andre enden. Han ordner noe med kompasset sitt, og ser bare en mulighet, og gå til fots! Han går rett frem og bryr seg ikke om motorsykler, fotgjengere, og biler. Noen franske menn ser ham i et kamera, og den ene sier: «Skal vi gjøre noe» Den andre svarer: «Ta det rolig, det er en engelskmann» Etter en lang fottur kommer han til Gare De Lyon. Toget hans står klar på stasjonen, og Mr. Bean bestemmer seg for å ta et smørbrød i en sandwichautomat. Pengene har han gjemt i slipset sitt. Han fører pengene inn, men da sitter slipset fast i automaten. Han får såvidt slipset ut men da har toget gått.
Hjelp, vi må på ferie!

Hjelp, vi må på ferie! (originaltittel: National Lampoon’s Vacation) er en amerikansk filmkomedie og road movie fra 1983 regissert av Harold Ramis. Filmen handler om en amerikansk familie som legger ut på en ferietur med fullastet bil. Målet er en fornøyelsespark, men veien dit viser seg å bli langt mer strabasiøs enn de hadde kunne forestille seg. Hovedrollene spilles av Chevy Chase, Beverly D'Angelo, Dana Barron og Anthony Michael Hall.
Filmen har fått fire oppfølgere: Hjelp, vi må på ferie til Europa (1985), Hjelp, det er juleferie (1989), Hjelp, vi må på ferie til Las Vegas (1997) og Vacation (2015).
Clark Griswold bestemmer seg for å ta med kone og to barn på biltur gjennom Amerika, fra Chicago til California. Målet er fornøyelsesparken Walley World, men veien dit er lang og langt mer trøblete og strabasiøs en de hadde regnet med. Problemene blir ikke mindre når de bestemmer seg for å avlegge slektninger besøk i løpet av turen. Når de endelig kommer frem til destinasjonen møter de et nytt problem som gjør at Clark klikker fullstendig.
Hjelp, vi må på ferie! ble en forholdsvis stor publikumssuksess i USA hvor den spilte inn $61 millioner. Den havnet på 11-plass over de mest innbringende filmene på amerikansk kino i 1983.
Den ble godt mottatt av anmelderne, noe som gjenspeiles i at den har fått 93 % på Rotten Tomatoes.
Manning Cabin Hollow

Manning Cabin Hollow is a valley in Bollinger and Wayne counties of the U.S. state of Missouri.
Manning Cabin Hollow took its name from the rustic cabin of one Mr. Manning, a pioneer citizen.
37°04′53″N 90°11′50″W﻿ / ﻿37.081441°N 90.197327°W﻿ / 37.081441; -90.197327
Forest Retreat

Forest Retreat is a historic home of Kentucky governor (during 1828–1832) and United States Senator Thomas Metcalfe, located in Nicholas County, Kentucky. It is currently operated as a Bed & Breakfast hotel and event venue.
It was built in 1795. The grounds of Forest Retreat include the Metcalfe family burial plot. Interred at this plot are Thomas Metcalfe (1780–1855) and various of his relatives, and 1954 Kentucky Derby-winning horse, Determine. Thomas Metcalfe was a stonemason and later 10th Governor of Kentucky, and he contributed to the building of this house then later retired to here.
The farm deteriorated until 1933 when it was bought by Dr. Eslie Asbury. Later his son used it as a working farm and he had a horse, Determine, win the 1954 Kentucky Derby.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The 22-acre (8.9 ha) listing included three contributing buildings in addition to the farmhouse.
An earlier home of Thomas Metcalfe, the Thomas Metcalf House in Robertson County, is also listed on the National Register. It was built by Thomas in c.1810.
Tsem Tulku Rinpoche

Tsem Tulku Rinpoche (24 October 1965 – 4 September 2019) was a recognised tulku of Kalmyk descent, an incarnate lama of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, and the founder and spiritual guide of Kechara House Buddhist Association with its headquarters in Malaysia.
Rinpoche was born on 24 October 1965 in Taiwan to a Tibetan father and Mongolian mother, and was adopted by an American-Mongolian family. His adoptive name was Burcha Bugayeff. In 1987, at the age of 22, Rinpoche received full ordination from the 14th Dalai Lama and became a monk of Ganden Shartse Monastery in India. Starting in 1992 Rinpoche lived in Malaysia where he commenced work on the establishment of Dharma Institutes. One of the institutes he founded is known as Kechara House Buddhist Association. He also founded a charity organization known as Kechara Soup Kitchen and the dharma retreat centre Kechara Forest Retreat.
In the meantime, Rinpoche took a stand against the position of the Central Tibetan Administration in the Dorje Shugden controversy and built the world's largest Dorje Shugden statue. Rinpoche strongly supported the Dorje Shugden religious practice, prohibited in 1996 by the Central Tibetan Administration, and was a critical voice advocating for the separation of politics and religion which is a feature of Tibetan Buddhism. He was known for his advice against the self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China. For his dissenting opinions, he was marked as a controversial Buddhist teacher although Rinpoche simultaneously advocated devotion for both the 14th Dalai Lama and the Dorje Shugden religious practice.
Rinpoche died on September 4, 2019, after a long illness.
Kanokphong Songsomphan

Kanokphong Songsomphan (Thai: กนกพงศ์ สงสมพันธุ์; 9 February 1966 – 13 February 2006) was a Thai writer. He won the S.E.A. Write Award for Thailand in 1996 with a collection of short stories entitled Another Land (Thai: แผ่นดินอื่น; RTGS: Phaendin Uen). His other major work was The Broken Bridge (Thai: สะพานขาด; RTGS: Saphan Khat), which was translated into Japanese.
Kanokphong completed his primary education at Wat Pikulthong School and his secondary education at Phatthalung School. He published his first poem, The Truth That Is (Thai: ความจริงที่เป็นไป; RTGS: Khwamching Thi Pen Pai), at age 15 in a local newspaper. By age 18, he was one of the co-founders of the Nakhon Group, a local panel of academics and writers dedicated to conserving culture and literature in Nakhon Si Thammarat. The group evolved into a publishing company.
He published his first short story, Like the Burning Sun (Thai: ดุจตะวันอันเจิดจ้า; RTGS: Dut Tawan An Choetcha), in Matichon Weekly. Several more short stories appeared in various magazines.
He attended Prince of Songkla University, studying management science, but dropped out to further develop his writing by travelling in the Luang mountains and learning about the local cultures there.
His first collection of poetry, Forest of Dewdrops (Thai: ป่าน้ำค้าง; RTGS: Pa Namkhang), was published in 1988. It was followed in 1989 by a collection of short stories, The Broken Bridge (Thai: สะพานขาด; RTGS: Saphan Khat). It won the Karaked Laurel Award and was translated into Japanese in 1990.
In 1996, another short story, The Small World of Salman (Thai: โลกใบเล็กของซัลมาน; RTGS: Lok Bai Lek Khong Sanman), also won the Karaked Laurel Award, making Kanokphong the first to win the award twice.
His second collection of short stories, The Monocotyledon Man (Thai: คนใบเลี้ยงเดี่ยว; RTGS: Khon Bai Liang Diao), was published in 1992.
Kanokphong's third collection, Another Land (Thai: แผ่นดินอื่น; RTGS: Phaendin Uen), won the S.E.A. Write Award in 1996. One of the stories, The Cat of Bukeh Krue Saw (Thai: แมวแห่งบูเก๊ะกรือซอ; RTGS: Maeo Haeng Buke Krue So), concerns a group of soldiers sent to protect a village. Tragedy occurs and the soldiers are forced to withdraw. Kanokphong said the collection was a summation of the conflicts in Southern Thailand.
From 1996, Kanokphong lived in the "Valley of Rains and Forest" in Amphoe Phrom Khiri, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. He retreated from being active on the literary scene, but eventually issued his last collection of short stories, The World Revolves Around Itself (Thai: โลกหมุนรอบตัวเอง; RTGS: Lok Mun Rop Tua Eng).
Another book was forthcoming, but Kanokphong was in poor health. Fellow S.E.A. Write laureate Thanya Sanyapantanont said Kanokphong's working habits during this period were "an attempt at self immolation".
In February 2006, Kanokphong was admitted to Nakharin Hospital for treatment of influenza. He was discharged but later readmitted, where he succumbed to a severe lung infection. Funeral services were held at Wat Pikulthong in Phatthalung.
Lodging

Lodging refers to the use of a short-term dwelling, usually by renting the living space or sometimes through some other arrangement. People who travel and stay away from home for more than a day need lodging for sleep, rest, food, safety, shelter from cold temperatures or rain, storage of luggage and access to common household functions. Lodging is a form of the sharing economy.
Lodging is done in a hotel, motel, hostel, or inn, a private home (commercial, i.e. a bed and breakfast, a guest house, a vacation rental, or non-commercially, as in certain homestays or the home of friends), in a tent, caravan/campervan (often on a campsite). Lodgings may be self-catering, whereby no food is provided, but cooking facilities are available.
Lodging is offered by an owner of real property or a leasehold estate, including the hotel industry, hospitality industry, real estate investment trusts, and owner-occupancy houses.
Lodging can be facilitated by an intermediary such as a travel website.
Regulation of short-term rentals can include requirements for hosts to have business licenses, payment of hotel taxes and compliance with building, city and zoning standards. The hotel industry has lobbied for stricter regulations on short-term home rental and in addition to government-imposed restrictions, many homeowner associations also limit short term rentals.
What's past is prologue

"What's past is prologue" is a quotation of William Shakespeare from his play The Tempest. In contemporary use, the phrase stands for the idea that history sets the context for the present. The quotation is engraved on the National Archives Building in Washington, DC, and is commonly used by the military when discussing the similarities between war throughout history.
The phrase was originally used in The Tempest, Act 2, Scene I. Antonio uses it to suggest that all that has happened before that time, the "past," has led Sebastian and himself to this opportunity to do what they are about to do: commit murder. In the context of the preceding and next lines, "(And by that destiny) to perform an act, Whereof what's past is prologue; what to come, In yours and my discharge," Antonio is in essence rationalising to Sebastian and the audience that he and Sebastian are fated to act by all that has led up to that moment, the past has set the stage for their next act, as a prologue does in a play. It can also be taken to mean that everything up until now has merely set the stage for Antonio and Sebastian to make their own destinies.
Dracula vampira

Dracula vampira es una especie de orquídea epifita. Es originaria de Ecuador.
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño, con hábito de epifita y con ramicaules agrupados, erguidos, que están envuelto basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriáceas, carinada, estrechamente elíptica, aguda, que se estrecha gradualmente abajo en la base peciolada conduplicada. Florece en una inflorescencia basal, colgante a horizontal, laxamente con varias flores sucesivamente, de 37 a 57 cm de largo con brácteas oblicuamente tubulares y hasta 6, llamativas flores colgante que se abren en sucesión en casi cualquier época del año.​
Se encuentra en el bosque nublado de Ecuador occidental a elevaciones de 1800 a 2200 metros.
Dracula vampira fue descrita por (Luer) Luer] y publicado en Selbyana 2(2,3): 198. 1978.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
vampira; epíteto latíno que significa "como un vampiro".​
Dracula ubangina

Dracula ubangina es una especie de orquídea epifita. Es originaria de Ecuador.
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño, con hábito de epifita y con ramicaules delgados, erguidos, que están envuelto basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriáceas, carinada, estrechamente elíptica, aguda, que se estrecha gradualmente abajo en la base peciolada conduplicada. Florece en invierno y primavera en una inflorescencia de posición horizontal a descendente, de 10 a 15 cm de largo, con sucesivamente pocas flores que surgen de la parte baja en el ramicaule y lleva una bráctea floral tubular oblicua.​
Se encuentra en el noroeste de Ecuador en los bosques nubosos en las elevaciones alrededor de 1.800 metros.
Dracula ubangina fue descrita por Luer & Andreetta y publicado en Phytologia 47(2): 62. 1980.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
ubangina; epíteto
Andinia (orquídea)

Andinia es un género de orquídeas, de la tribu Epidendreae, de la familia Orchidaceae que tiene asignadas 13 especies.​
Son nativas de Bolivia, Colombia y Ecuador.​
No se tienen datos de este género.​
El género fue descrito por (Luer) Luer y publicado en Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 5. 2000.​
Dracula sibundoyensis

Dracula sibundoyensis, es una especie de orquídea epifita de gran belleza, que toma su nombre de especie del Valle de Sibundoy, en el departamento de Putumayo, suroeste de Colombia, donde floreció el 30 de julio de 1978 tras ser cultivada.​ Fue encontrada, recogida y cultivada por el religioso de la Comunidad de Hermanos Maristas, Octavio Ospina Medina, un ibaguereño que vivió hasta sus últimos días en esa región, y en cuyo honor también una especia nueva de orquídea drácula fue nombrada, la Dracula octavioi.​​
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño a mediano, con hábitos de epífita y ramicaules de crecimiento erecto, robustos con 2 a 3 vainas tubulares sueltas que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriácea, carinada, muy estrechamente obovada a lineal, estrechándose poco a poco por debajo en la base aguda conduplicada, y peciolada. Florece en la primavera y el verano en una inflorescencia robusta, de color púrpura, horizontal descendente, de 8 a 15 cm de largo, floja, con sucesivamente pocas flores, la inflorescencia racemosa surge desde la parte baja del ramicaule y lleva una bráctea floral tubular.​
Se encuentra en el departamento de Putumayo, en el suroeste de Colombia y en el noroeste de Ecuador en la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera de los Andes en los bosques de niebla en las elevaciones de 2200 a 2300 metros.
Dracula sibundoyensis fue descrita por Luer & R.Escobar y publicado en Orquideología; Revista de la Sociedad Colombiana de Orquideología 13: 137. 1979.​​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
sibundoyensis; epíteto geográfico que alude a su localización en el Valle de Sibundoy, en el departamento de Putumayo, suroeste de Colombia.
Dracula velutina

Dracula velutina es una especie de orquídea epifita. Es originaria de Colombia.
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño, con hábito de epifita y con ramicaules robustos, erguidos, que están envuelto basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriáceas, carinada, estrechamente elíptica, aguda, que se estrecha gradualmente abajo en la base peciolada conduplicada. Florece en una inflorescencia múltiple, de 7,5 a 10 cm de largo, con 2 flores que surgen de baja en el ramicaule en el invierno, la primavera.​
Se encuentra en Antioquia en Colombia en los bosques nubosos.
Dracula velutina fue descrita por (Rchb.f.) Luer y publicado en Selbyana 2: 198. 1978.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
velutina; epíteto latíno que significa "aterciopelado".​
Dracula benedictii

Dracula benedictii es una especie de orquídea epífita originaria de la Cordillera Central y Cordillera Occidental, Colombia.​​
Es una orquídea con hábitos de epífita creciente con delgados y erectos ramicaules envueltos basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y llevando una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriácea, muy estrechamente obovada a lineal, aguda, estrechándose gradualmente debajo en la base conduplicada y subpeciolada. Florece en la primavera y el verano en una congestionada inflorescencia, púrpura, horizontal descendente, de 7,5 cm de largo con pocas flores que aparecen sucesivamente y que surgen de forma baja, en el ramicaule con brácteas en cada junta y brácteas florales tubulares.​
Se encuentra en el centro de Colombia en los bosques nubosos en las elevaciones de 1700 a 2300 metros.
Dracula benedictii fue descrita por (Rchb.f.) Luer y publicado en Selbyana 2: 194. 1978.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
benedictii; epíteto otorgado en honor de Benedict Roezl, (recolector de orquídeas de Bohemia y descubridor de la especie).​​
Dracula houtteana

Dracula houtteana es una especie de orquídea epifita. Esta especie se distribuye en Colombia.
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño, con hábito de epifita y con ramicaules erguidos, que están envuelto basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriácea, carinada, angostamente elíptica obovada, aguda, cuneada estrechamente en la base conduplicada. Florece en la primavera y el otoño en una inflorescencia de 10 cm de largo, delgada, púrpura, postrada, floja, con sucesivamente 1-6 flores que surgen de la parte baja en el ramicaule.​
Se encuentra en Antioquia, Chocó, Risaralda, Tolima y Cundinamarca en Colombia a elevaciones de 1320 a 2400 metros.
Dracula houtteana fue descrita por (Rchb.f.) Luer y publicado en Selbyana 2: 195. 1978.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
houtteana; epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico belga Louis Benoît Van Houtte.​
Dracula iricolor

Dracula iricolor es una especie de orquídea epifita. Esta especie se distribuye en Colombia y Venezuela.
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño, con hábito de epifita y con ramicaules delgados, erguidos, que están envuelto basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriáceas, carinada, estrechamente elíptica, aguda, que se estrecha gradualmente abajo en la base peciolada conduplicada. Florece en invierno y primavera en una inflorescencia delgada, erguida, de 15 a 20 cm de largo, con sucesivamente pocas flores que surgen de la parte baja en el ramicaule y llevando unas pocas brácteas y una floral inflorescencia con brácteas simples producidos en serie.​
Se encuentra en Colombia y Ecuador en los bosques nubosos en las elevaciones de 900 a 2600 metros.
Dracula iricolor fue descrita por (Rchb.f.) Luer & R.Escobar y publicado en Selbyana 7: 65. 1982.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
iricolor; epíteto latíno que significa "con el color del arco iris".​
Dracula radiosa

Dracula radiosa es una especie de orquídea epifita. Es originaria de Colombia y Ecuador.
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño, con hábito de epifita y con ramicaules robustos, que están envuelto basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriáceas, carinada, elíptica, aguda, que se estrecha gradualmente abajo en la base peciolada. Florece en invierno, primavera y verano en una inflorescencia robusta, subverrucosa, horizontal a descendente, de 10 a 20 cm de largo, con sucesivamente pocas flores, inflorescencia en forma racemosa derivada de la parte baja en el ramicaule que lleva una bráctea floral tubular.​
Se encuentra desde Antioquia a Cauca en Colombia y el noroeste de Ecuador en los bosques nubosos en las elevaciones de 1600 a 2100 metros.
Dracula radiosa fue descrita por (Rchb.f.) Luer y publicado en Selbyana 2: 197. 1978.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
radiosa; epíteto latíno que significa "radiante (se refiere al labio)".​
Dracula inaequalis

Dracula inaequalis es una especie de orquídea epifita. Esta especie se distribuye en Colombia y Venezuela.
Es una orquídea de tamaño pequeño, con hábito de epifita y con ramicaules erguidos, que están envuelto basalmente por 2-3 vainas sueltas, tubulares y que llevan una sola hoja, apical, erecta, delgadamente coriácea, carinada, estrechamente elíptica, aguda, estrechándose gradualmente abajo en la base conduplicada y peciolada. Florece a finales de primavera hasta principios de otoño en una inflorescencia delgada, colgante de 17,5 cm con sucesivamente pocas flores que surge de la parte baja en el ramicaule con 2-3 brácteas reprimidas, una larga y tubular bráctea y la única flor en forma de campana muy por debajo de la planta.​
Se encuentra en Colombia y Ecuador en las selvas tropicales y colinas en altitudes de 400 a 2.200 metros.
Dracula inaequalis fue descrita por (Rchb.f.) Luer & R.Escobar y publicado en Selbyana 7: 65. 1982.​
Dracula: nombre genérico que deriva del latín y significa: "pequeño dragón", haciendo referencia al extraño aspecto que presenta con dos largas espuelas que salen de los sépalos.
inaequalis; epíteto latíno que significa "desigual", en referencia a sus sépalos desiguales.​
Esteban Siller Garza

Esteban Siller Garza (Monterrey, Nuevo León, 17 de abril de 1931-Ciudad de México, 23 de octubre de 2013) fue un actor de doblaje y teatro mexicano.
Interpretó la voz del personaje Gárgamel en la serie de los años ochenta Los Pitufos y al padre de Bella en la famosa película animada La Bella y la Bestia, a Sam Bigotes de los Looney Tunes y por haberle dado voz al actor Robert Duvall, entre muchos otros personajes de una carrera de más de 50 años.​ Fue abuelo del también actor de doblaje Carlos Siller.
A los 23 años comenzó a trabajar en el doblaje y a partir de ahí se desarrolló en otras actividades, como las radionovelas, el cine y el teatro. Llegando a ser considerado como uno de los pioneros en el doblaje mexicano.
Fue una de las voces más recurrentes de actores como Robert Duvall, Danny DeVito y Philip Baker Hall, entre otros actores.
El 23 de octubre de 2013 falleció debido a un paro cardiorrespiratorio. Fue en la Ciudad de México en donde se ofreció en una misa en su honor a la que acudieron más de 600 personas.​
Actualmente sus restos descansan en el Panteón Civil de Dolores en la Ciudad de México.
También tuvo que ceder sus últimos personajes a los actores Alejandro Villeli, Roberto Carrillo, entre otros.
Robert Duvall
Philip Baker Hall
Danny DeVito
Karl Malden
Eli Wallach
Peter Boyle
Nigel Hawthorne
Joe Viterelli
John Neville
Lloyd Nolan
Abe Vigoda
Ben Kingsley
Dermot Keaney
John Paxton
Mickey Rooney
Ian Holm
Bill Cobbs
Gene Hackman
Jack Warden
Paul Scofield
Donald Pleasence
Ossie Davis
Norman Lloyd
Sean Connery
Barnard Hughes
Kenneth McMillan
George Burns
Ernest Borgnine
Bernard Lee
Gustav Knuth
Edmund Gwenn
Jason Robards
Otros
Yōsuke Akimoto
Otros
Mel Blanc
Randall Duk Kim
Andre Stojka
John Fiedler
Otros
Clu Gulager
Otros
Personajes episódicos
Patrick Macnee
Otros
Umberto Magnani
Stênio Garcia
Jonas Bloch
Luis Gustavo
José Augusto Branco
Otros
Dracula vampira

Dracula vampira is an epiphytic orchid species, endemic to Ecuador.
The orchid has large distinctive flowers; the sepals are rounded with the top corner pulled into a thin tail, which may extend up to 11 cm in length. Although green in colour, the sepals are covered by numerous blackish purple veins and the tails are almost completely black. The large sepals dwarf the petals and lip of the flower, which are white in colour and marked with purple and pinkish veins respectively. Dracula vampira is a large epiphyte, meaning that it does not grow in soil, it has many stems; the erect leaves are between 15 and 28 cm long. The generic name of this species - Dracula means little dragon, refers to the flower resembling a hooded vampire.
Dracula vampira was scientifically described and named Masdevallia vampira by Carlyle A. Luer in 1978. Later the same year he moved it to the new genus, Dracula, which he also named.
Dracula vampira is endemic to Ecuador in South America being found only on the slopes of Mount Pichincha. It is found between 1900 and 2200 metres above sea level, where it is fairly locally abundant.
As an epiphyte D. vampira does not grow in soil, instead it grows on the lower sections of trees on the forested mountainside; many plants may accumulate on damp, leaf litter.
Dracula vampira was classified as Vulnerable on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, (although this status no longer applies) and listed on Appendix II of CITES, together with almost all orchids. It is popular in cultivation for its extremely dramatic, large flowers.
This article incorporates text from the ARKive fact-file "Dracula vampira" under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License and the GFDL.
Vampira (1974 film)

Vampira is a 1974 British comedy horror film directed by Clive Donner, and starring David Niven and Teresa Graves. This spoof of the vampire genre was re-titled Old Dracula for release in the United States, in an attempt to ride the success of Young Frankenstein.
In the film, Count Dracula is facing the problems of old age. His attempts to resurrect a female vampire from his past and turns her into a black woman. She in turn changes him into a black man. The vampire couple travel to Rio de Janeiro at the end of the film.
Count Dracula is an old vampire who, because of his advanced age, is forced to host tours of his castle to get new victims. In an attempt to revive his long-lost love, Vampira, Dracula needs to find a victim with a very specific blood group combination to resurrect Vampira by a blood transfusion. So he sets out to collect blood from the bevy of Playboy Playmates visiting his castle. However, one of the Playmates whose blood is drained is black, turning the revived Vampira into a black woman.
Dracula enthralls the hapless Marc to collect blood from three white women in hopes of restoring Vampira's original skin color. Dracula transfuses the blood into her but she is unchanged; however, her bite turns Dracula black. Marc and his love Angela race to destroy Dracula but are taken aback upon seeing Dracula's new skin tone. Their surprise gives the vampires time to slip away to catch a flight to Rio de Janeiro for Carnival.
The film was released theatrically in the United States by American International Pictures in 1975, under the title Old Dracula in an attempt to cash in on the success of director Mel Brooks 1974 horror movie spoof Young Frankenstein. Exhibitors frequently paired Old Dracula on a double bill with Young Frankenstein.
The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "Jeremy Lloyd has constructed an entire screenplay on one-line jokes with a vampire theme, with a series of witless and repetitive gags. ... The other joke format is based on the fact that Vampira is black, with her lines including such gems as her reminiscence of dancing in the Twenties: "Do you remember the big apple, the charleston, my black bottom"; like the whole concept of there being something disturbing about being black, they strike a very sour note. ... As for the performances, Teresa Graves is very beautiful, Peter Bayliss provides amusement by overplaying in a desperate attempt to save the script and, much to his credit, almost succeeds, while Mr. Niven proves that even suavity cannot excuse the indignity of being blacked up."
Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film one out of four stars, describing it as a mess with only Niven being a highlight, describing the film as a "depressing exercise" due to not being to the standard of British horror films of the time and feeling dated to the previous decade.
In the opening scene, David Niven flips through the July 1973 issue of US Playboy Magazine.
Dracula (plant)

The orchid genus Dracula, abbreviated as Drac in horticultural trade, consists of 118 species native to Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The name Dracula literally means "little dragon", an allusion to the mythical Count Dracula, a lead character in numerous vampire novels and films. The name was applied to the orchid because of the blood-red color of several of the species, and the strange aspect of the long spurs of the sepals. The plants were once included in the genus Masdevallia, but became a separate genus in 1978. This genus has been placed in the subtribe Pleurothallidinae.
They are epiphytic and terrestrial species distributed in Central America and the northwest Andes. Almost half the species are found in Ecuador. They prefer shade and rather cool temperatures.
These caespitose orchids grow in tufts from a short rhizome, with a dense pack of stems. They lack pseudobulbs. On each stem grows one large, thin, plicate leaf with a sharply defined midrib. These glabrous, light to dark green leaves may be spongy, taking over the function of the missing pseudobulb. They are tipped with a mucro (a short tip).
The flower stalks grow either horizontally from the base of the plant or descend, often for great distances. A few species grow upright flower stalks. The long-tailed terminal flowers are basically triangular. The flowers are borne singly or successively. Three species (sodiroi, decussata/neisseniae, and papillosa) may have up to three simultaneously open flowers on a single stalk. In general, though, if there is more than one flower bud on the raceme, they open up with long intervals. These flowers have a weird aspect, due to the long tails on each sepal. The petals are small and somewhat thickened. Quite commonly, various species of Dracula are known for blooms resembling the faces of primates, a notable example being Dracula simia. However, this likeness to monkeys’ faces seems to be purely a natural coincidence to the primates living in the same forests. In fact, these flowers are pollinated by the common fungus gnat; the bloom’s lip is often quite large (for a Pleurothallid), and from the fungus gnat’s perspective, resembles an irresistible mushroom or fungus. Research by biologists at the University of Oregon indicates that D. lafleurii also possesses a uniquely volatile chemistry, similar to localized species of mushrooms. This mimicry attracts mushroom-associated flies which play a role in pollination. The basal part of the lip (hypochile) is cleft. The terminal part (epichile) is rounded and concave. The margins of the perianth are often fringed. There is a well-developed column with two pollinia.
The species of Dracula have tentatively been divided into three subgenera, with sections and subsections within one of the subgenera.
Dracula simia

Dracula simia, known also as the monkey-like Dracula, is an epiphytic orchid originally described as part of the genus Masdevallia, but later reclassified as part of genus Dracula. The arrangement of column, petals and lip resembles a monkey's face. The plant blooms at any season with several flowers on the inflorescence that open successively. Flowers are fragrant with the scent of a ripe orange. The monkey orchid is native to the cloud forests of Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia. Although it was first documented in Ecuador, its natural habitat extends across these three countries. Currently, this orchid is in danger of extinction due to habitat destruction and over-collection.
List of Orchidaceae genera

This is a list of genera in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), originally according to The Families of Flowering Plants - L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz. This list is adapted regularly with the changes published in the Orchid Research Newsletter which is published twice a year by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The most up to date list of accepted genera, natural nothogenera, species and natural nothospecies with their synonyms can be found on the World Checklist of Selected Plants Families Search Page and Plants of the World Online published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This list is reflected on Wikispecies Orchidaceae and the new eMonocot website Orchidaceae Juss.
This taxonomy undergoes constant change, mainly through evidence from DNA study. Orchids were traditionally defined by morphological similarity (structure of their flowers and other parts). However, recent changes to nomenclature have been driven primarily by DNA studies and also by re-examination of herbarium specimens. This has led to a reduction of genera and species as well as re-circumscription of subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. Orchid taxonomy is still being revised and each year about another 150 new species are being discovered. The list of genera alone currently stands just short of 1000 entries.
From a cladistic point of view, the orchid family is considered to be monophyletic, i.e. the group incorporates all the taxa derived from an ancestral group.
The taxonomy of the orchids is explained on the page Taxonomy of the orchid family.
There are five recognized subfamilies:
As of July 2024, Plants of the World Online accepts 703 genera.
List of orchidologists

Note that an entry is required "usually" or "in general," not always.
This list is far from complete.
This is a list of orchidologists, botanists specializing in the study of orchids. The list is sorted in the surname alphabetical order.
Joseph Arditti (born 1932), American plant physiologist specializing in orchids. Doctorate from the University of Southern California, 1965. Professor of Biology University of California, Irvine, 1966-2001. Professor Emeritus, 2001-
Theodor Wolf

Franz Theodor Wolf (February 13, 1841 – June 22, 1924) was a German naturalist who studied the Galápagos Islands during the late nineteenth century. Wolf Island (Wenman Island) is named after him. The peak Volcán Wolf on Isabela Island is also named after him. He was born at Bartholomä (in the Ostalbkreis).
He published his Ein Besuch der Galápagos-Inseln, Sammlung von Vortraegen fuer das deutsche Volk (“A Visit to the Galápagos Islands: A Collection of Presentations for the German People”) in 1892. His observations also include notes on the human population on the islands.
He is one of the protagonists of the Golden age of Ecuadorian botany which started in 1870 when Ecuadorian Ecuadorian President and aristocrat Gabriel García Moreno brought members of a German Jesuits Order to manage the National Polytechnic School and the Quito Astronomical Observatory. That consisted of Theodor Wolf, astronomer Juan Bautista Menten, José Kolberg, José Epping, Luis Dressel and botanist Luis Sodiro.
He had performed a geologic survey of mainland Ecuador, but unfortunately his collections were lost in storage.
Wolf’s observations, which became the standard interpretation of island geology, depicted the islands as exposed tops of oceanic volcanoes with a distinctly different composition from the volcanic mountains of South America.
As a botanist he described or co-described numerous species within the genus Potentilla.
He died in Dresden.
Morkovcha

Morkovcha (UK: /mɔːrˈkɒftʃə/, US: /mɔːrˈkoʊvtʃə/; Koryo-mar: 마르코프차; Russian: марков-ча), also known as Korean-style carrots or Korean carrot salad, is a spicy marinated carrot salad. It is a dish in Koryo-saram cuisine, and is a variant of kimchi.
Koryo-saram (ethnic Koreans located in post-Soviet countries) created the dish as they did not have supplies of napa cabbage, the main ingredient in traditional kimchi. In Central Asia, where many Koryo-saram have lived since the deportation of 1937, the salad is also named morkovcha, which is a combination of Russian morkov ("carrot") and Koryo-mar cha, derived from Korean chae (채) meaning salad-type banchan. The salad was unknown in South Korea until recently, when Russo-Koreans' return migration as well as Russian and Central Asian immigration became common. However, it has gained an international following, being served in most cafeterias throughout post-Soviet countries, sold in many supermarkets, and featured regularly as an appetizer (zakuska) and a side dish on dinner tables and in holiday feasts set by all ethnicities of the former Soviet Union.
The typical ingredients are finely julienned carrots, garlic, onion, ground red pepper, ground coriander seeds, vinegar, vegetable oil (or olive oil), salt and pepper. It may also include sesame seeds.
Distritong pambatas ng Bacolod

Ang solong Distritong Pambatas ng Lungsod ng Bacolod ang kinatawan ng mataas na urbanisadong lungsod ng Bacolod sa mababang kapulungan ng Pilipinas.
Ang Lungsod ng Bacolod ay dating bahagi ng kinakatawan ng ikalawang distrito ng Negros Occidental mula 1907 hanggang 1972, maliban sa mga taong 1943 hanggang 1944. Bilang nakakartang lungsod, may sariling kinatawan ang Bacolod sa Kapulungang Pambansa ng Ikalawang Republika.
Bahagi ito ng kinakatawan ng Rehiyon VI sa Pansamantalang Batasang Pambansa, mula 1978 hanggang 1984.
Matapos gawing mataas na urbanisadong lungsod ang Bacolod noong 1984, nabigyan ito ng sariling distrito ngunit nagsimula lamang itong maghalal ng kinatawan noong eleksyon 1987.
Bacolod, Lanao del Norte

Ang Bayan ng Bacolod ay isang ika-5 klaseng bayan sa lalawigan ng Lanao del Norte, Pilipinas. Ayon sa senso ng 2020, ito ay may populasyon na 24,367 sa may 6,110 na kabahayan.
Ang bayan ng Bacolod ay nahahati sa 16 na mga barangay.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Luchi Cruz-Valdes

Si Luisita "Luchi" Cruz-Valdes (ipinanganak noong 27 Disyembre 1965) ay isang Pilipinong mamamahayag na dating kaanib ng GMA News and Public Affairs at ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Kasalukuyan siyang pinuno ng news and public affairs department ng News5.
Si Cruz-Valdes ay nakakuha ng kanyang degree sa broadcast communication sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Diliman at naging mamamahayag ng radyo at telebisyon at tagagawa. Ikinasal siya kay Lito Valdes, isang tagapamahala ng IT sa marketing, at may tatlong anak.
DXGN

Ang DXGN (89.9 FM), sumasahimpapawid bilang 89.9 Spirit FM, ay isang himpilan ng radyo na pagmamay-ari at pinamamahalaan ng Davao Verbum Dei Media Foundation ng Diyosesis ng Dabaw. Ang estudyo nito ay matatagpuan sa San Pablo Parish Church Compound, Juna Subdivision, Matina, Lungsod ng Davao, at ang transmiter nito ay matatagpuan sa Shrine Hills, Matina, Lungsod ng Davao.
Bumalik ang Spirit FM sa ere noong Hunyo 12, 2016, pagkatapos ng 8 taong wala sa ere.
Amy Austria

Si Amy Austria-Ventura (ipinanganak noong 13 Disyembre 1961, sa pangalan na Esmeralda Dizon Tuazon) isang artistang Pilipino na unang lumabas sa pelikula noong 1978 sa pelikulang pinagtambalan nina Nora Aunor at Tirso Cruz III ang Isinilang ko ang Anak ng Ibang Babae.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pilipinas at Artista ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.