davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
साँगक्रन

साँगक्रन (थाई: เทศกาล สงกรานต์; इंग्रजी: Songkran) हा थाई नववर्ष महोत्सव आहे. थाई नववर्षाचा दिवस दरवर्षी १३ एप्रिलला असतो, परंतु सुट्टीचा काळ १४-१५ एप्रिल मध्येही असतो. "साँगक्रन" हा शब्द ‘संक्रांत’ या संस्कृत शब्दापासून आलेला आहे, ज्याचा शब्दशः अर्थ "ज्योतिषीय मार्ग", म्हणजे परिवर्तन किंवा बदल हा शब्द मकर संक्रांत पासून उधार घेतला आहे, जानेवारीमध्ये भारतात वसंत ऋतूच्या आगमनासाठी साजरा केला जाणाऱ्या हिंदू कापणीचे नाव आहे. ह्या ज्योतिषीय तक्त्यावर मेषच्या उदयासोबत आणि बौद्ध / हिंदू सौर कालगणनेसोबत दक्षिण आणि आग्नेय आशियााच्या अनेक कॅलेंडरच्या नव्या वर्षासोबत मेळ खातो. हा बौद्ध सण थायलंड, म्यानमार, लाओस व इतर बौद्ध राष्ट्रांत साजरा केला जातो.
थायलंडमध्ये साँगक्रन सणाच्या अगोदरच्या दिवशी थाई लोक त्यांची घरे, कपडे व गावातील रस्ते स्वच्छ करतात व अन्न तयार करून नंतर त्याचे भिक्खूंना दान करतात.
साँगक्रन उत्सव प्रतीकात्मक परंपरांसोबत समृद्ध आहे. सकाळपासून हा उत्सव सुरू होतो. साँगक्रनला बौद्ध उपासक आणि उपासिका सकाळीच उठून नजिकच्या विहारात (बौद्ध मंदिरात) जातात. तेथे विहाराबाहेर हातात भिक्षापात्र घेऊन पुष्कळ भिक्खू-भिक्खुणी एका ओळीत उभ्या राहून चालत असतात. बौद्ध उपासक-उपासिका त्यांच्या समोर उभ्या राहून त्यांच्या या भिक्षापात्रात अन्न वाढतात. त्यानंतर मोठ्या शहरातील व वटधम्मराम विहारातील लोक पंचशील ग्रहण करतात, धम्म जाणतात व विहारास पैसे अर्पण करतात. लोकांना धम्मविषयी चर्चा व शिकवण ही भिक्खूंकडून दिली जाते. ती धम्मशिकवण दैनंदिन जीवनाशी निगडीत असते.
दुपारनंतर बुद्धमूर्ती व भिक्खू यांच्यावर उपासक गुलाब पाण्याचा वर्षाव करतात. आदर व्यक्त करण्याचा हा एक संकेत होय. ह्या बदल्यात भिक्खू त्यांना आशीर्वाद देतात. या दिवशी मुलेही पालकांप्रती आदर व्यक्त करतांना त्यांना छोटी भेट वस्तू देतात आणि प्रेम व आदरप दाखवण्यासाठी त्यांच्या अंगावर गुलाब पाणी शिंपडतात. पालक मुलांना आशीर्वाद देतात.
हा सुट्टीचा दिवस जल उत्सवासाठी प्रसिद्ध आहे जो मुख्यतः तरुण लोकांद्वारे साजरा केला जातो. मुख्य रस्त्यांची वाहतूक बंद करून ते पाणी मारामारीसाठी ऍरेना (arenas) म्हणून वापरले जातात. तरुण आणि वृद्ध एकमेकांवर पाणी शिंपडून या परंपरेत भाग घेतात. पारंपारिक परेड आयोजित केली जाते आणि काही ठिकाणी "मिस साँगक्रन" ताज प्राप्त केला जातो. यावेळी स्पर्धकांनी पारंपारिक थाई पोशाख परिधान केलेले असतात.
अमेरिकेतल्या शिकागोत असलेले थाई उपासक थाई पद्धतीप्रमाणे हा नववर्षाचा उत्सव साजरा करतात.
Farsan (food)

Farsan or Pharsāṇ (Gujarati: ફરસાણ, Hindi and Marathi: फरसाण) refers to salty snacks originating from the Indian subcontinent. Farsans are a very important part of Marwari cuisine, Gujarati cuisine, Marathi cuisine and Sindhi cuisine, wherein a wide variety of them are prepared on special occasions and to entertain guests, and are also enjoyed with tea. Farsan is also found throughout the rest of India, particularly Maharashtra due to the influx of Gujarati and Rajasthani traders and migration of Sindhis in Mumbai.
Some are fried items which are then dried and can be stored; others are fresh or steamed. The following are the main varieties of Farsan:
When India was undivided, the State of Sindh was under Bombay Presidency also called Bombay and Sindh. Due to its proximity with Gujarat, Rajasthan and political ties with then Bombay, it shared similar culinary traditions. Though Farsan is highly adopted in Gujarati cuisines but origin is same. Sindhis in Ulhasnagar have preserved this tradition in the form of few special dishes like Besan Papdi, Sev Dal Sandwich, Dahi Sev Puri, etc.
Féach

Clár cúrsaí reatha dátheangach a chraol RTÉ ó 1967 go dti 1985 ab ea Féach, clár “an-láidir” nár chuir aon fhiacail ann. Chuir an clár tús ceart le hiriseoireacht teilifíse trí mheán na Gaeilge agus bhí “tréimhsí corraitheacha” ag an gclár ó thús deireadh.
Tugadh ardán náisiúnta do na hiriseoirí Breandán Ó hEithir agus Proinsias Mac Aonghusa, Éamonn Ó Muirí agus Eoghan Harris, “cnámh droma an chláir”, agus meitheal nach raibh eagla orthu ábhar ar bith a chíoradh agus a gcuid tuairimí ina thaobh a nochtadh go poiblí
Bíodh suas le 600,000 duine ag breathnú air agus é ina bhuaic. Bhí “lucht féachana chomh mór céanna aige” is a bhí ag “rud ar bith i mBéarla” ag an am. Bhí seo amhlaidh in ainneoin go raibh foireann Féach gan stiúideo ceart ó sheachtain go seachtain agus go raibh 13 léiritheoir ag an gclár in imeacht trí bliana.
Chomh maith leis na mórcheisteanna sin a scagadh, chraoladh foireann Féach clár faoi “chúrsaí liteartha” agus litríochta ar bhonn rialta, áit a mbíodh leithéidí Sheáin Uí Ríordáin agus Máirtín Ó Direáin á gcur faoi agallamh. Ba é an craoltóir Aindreas Ó Gallchóir a bhíodh i mbun na n-agallamh sin de ghnáth. Craoltóir agus cainteoir breá eile a bhíodh le cloisteáil ar an gclár ab ea Diarmaid Ó Muirithe, a dhéanadh guthú ar an-chuid cláracha faisnéise de chuid RTÉ chomh maith.
Proinsias Mac Aonghusa a bhí ina fhear eagair ar an gclár nuair a beartaíodh deireadh a chur leis i 1985. Buaileadh breoite é le linn dó bheith ar saoire an t-am sin agus an fhaid is a bhí sé san ospidéal, shocraigh Muiris Mac Conghail (Cheannasaí na gClár ag an am) deireadh a chur leis. A fhianaise sin “nár thaitin sé leis an mbunaíocht”.
Fógraíodh gur theastaigh ó Mac Conghail go mbeadh clár nua ann a dhíreodh ar chúrsaí Gaeltachta seachas ar chúrsaí náisiúnta agus idirnáisiúnta.
Castlegregory

Castlegregory (Irish: Caisleán Ghriaire, meaning "castle of Griaire") is a village in County Kerry, Ireland. It is situated on the north side of the Dingle Peninsula, halfway between Tralee and Dingle. As of the 2022 census, Castlegregory had a population of 370.
Castlegregory was named after a castle built by Gregory Hoare in the 16th century. It is the principal village in Lettragh, the name given to the northern side of the Dingle Peninsula.
The village is located at the foot of a sandy peninsula called the Maharees separating Brandon Bay to the west from Tralee Bay on the east. Off the peninsula are a number of small islands, called the Seven Hoggs, or the Maharee Islands. A small fishing harbour is located at Fahamore on Scraggane Bay, about 5 km outside the village at the tip of the Maharees peninsula. The village is surrounded by the mountains of the Dingle peninsula and overlooked directly by Beenoskee and Stradbally Mountains. To the west is Mount Brandon. Castlegregory is also the name of a Roman Catholic parish that includes parts of the northeast area of the Dingle Peninsula and is served by two churches. The village is a tourist destination and it is near to a number of beaches located on the Maharees peninsula. Castlegregory Golf and Fishing Club, a nine-hole links golf course, is located to the west of the village on the shores of Lough Gill.
On the largest of the Magharee Islands, Illauntannig (Irish: Oileán tSeanaigh) are the ruins of a 7th-century monastic site founded by St Senach. On this site there are two oratories, three beehive (or Clochan) huts, and three examples of a leacht (or altar).
Castlegregory Pattern Day was traditionally celebrated on 15 August, when the tradition is to eat locally-made mutton pies. In recent years it has been expanded into a three-day summer festival.
Wren's Day on 26 December is also celebrated. The traditional straw dresses have given way to pyjamas, curtains, Halloween masks, and Christmas decorations, but there is still traditional Irish music to be heard.
Castlegregory GAA Club was first known as Castlegregory Allen, named after William Allen, one of the Manchester Martyrs. The club took part in the first Kerry County Championship played in 1889. For over 40 years football was played on a pitch with a 21 feet gradient from top to bottom, however, a new ground was opened on 17 May 2003.
Castlegregory was the terminus of a branch line of the Tralee and Dingle Light Railway. The railway station opened on 1 April 1891, and closed for passenger traffic on 17 April 1939. It connected to the main Tralee - Dingle route at Castlegregory Junction (near Camp). While this main route closure stopped passenger traffic, it was to remain open for a once-daily goods train until 1947, after which nothing but a monthly Tralee - Dingle cattle train operated until the main line's final closure in 1953.
Black ruby barb

The black ruby barb (Pethia nigrofasciata, formerly Puntius nigrofasciatus) or purplehead barb is a tropical cyprinid fish endemic to Sri Lanka, where it occurs in forested streams from the Kelani basin to the Nilwala basin. They are found in streams on hills around 1,000 ft (300 m) in elevation. The brightly colored population introduced to Mahaweli at Ginigathena, Sri Lanka, is said to have diminished in number due to the aquarium export trade.
The young fish has a yellowish-gray body with black vertical stripes. The silver body turns into a dark ruby-red color in mature, breeding males. In the female, the basal part of all the vertical fins is black. In the male, the whole dorsal fin is a deep black, the anal fin blackish red, and the pelvic fins are purple. The fish will grow to a maximum length of 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) with the female being slightly longer than the male.
Black ruby barbs natively live in a tropical climate among cool, shady, quietly flowing forested streams with either gravel or sand substrates. Their diet mainly consists of filamentous algae and detritus. They prefer water with a 6.0–6.5 pH, a water hardness of 5–12 dGH, and a temperature range of 72–79 °F (22–26 °C).
The fish has commercial importance in the aquarium hobby, and is successfully bred in captivity. They are also used to create hybrid forms of "odessa barbs" for the aquarium trade.
An egg-scatterer, the fish spawn more than 100 eggs in shallow water among the plants. The eggs hatch in one to two days and then will be free-swimming after 24 hours.
Plenty of room should be provided for this fish, with plenty of light and a shallow covering of floating plants and ample vegetation (half to two-thirds of the tank area). A layer of humus should be left on the bottom. This species is good for keeping with other barbs and similar fish. In captivity, the fish are omnivorous, with a healthy appetite.
The black ruby barb is an active swimmer that is best kept in schools of at least six.
Larin (currency)

Larin (plural: lari) is the name of a class of objects serving as coins in areas around the Arabian Sea. The name is derived from Lar, a Persian town that according to tradition would have been the first to produce lari. A larin was a piece of silver wire of about 10 centimeters long, usually folded in two equal parts and shaped like a C, though there are also lari shaped like a J, an I or an S. Lari were stamped with an Arabic or Persian text, usually the name of the local ruler.
The Larin, also known as "Koku Ridi" (Silver Hook) was in use in the Kandyan Kingdom from 17th to early part of the 19th century in Sri Lanka and were made by private parties, five of which went to a piece-of-eight, or a Spanish Dollar. These coins with a shape like a fish-hook, bear no legend, or at best poor imitations of Arabic letters; they are usually somewhat thick and short, frequently shows one or more cuts at the bend, apparently made to test the purity of the metal. During the Portuguese period larins enjoyed widespread use in Ceylon (Sri Lanka).
The silver larin coinage, which originated in the Persian Gulf, was used extensively from that region around the coast of the Indian Ocean as far as Lanka during the period 16th and 17th centuries. Larins used in Lanka were bent into a "fish-hook" shape whereas those of other regions were straight. Larins actually produced in Lanka bore either imitation Persian inscriptions or meaningless designs: though specimens bearing western inscriptions are reported to have also been produced. Larins of more northerly origin that reached Lanka in the course of trade tended to be bent into "fish-hook" shape when they later subserved the currency needs of the island.
A 17th century larin would weigh about 4.75 grams. It was traditionally tariffed at 5.5 lari to the Spanish colonial piece of eight.
Lari is the root of coin denominations used in Georgia and the Maldives.
Sembadavar

Sembadavar or Parvatha Rajakulam is a traditional fisherman community found mainly on the Coromandel coast of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. They also take the title Nattar. Sembadavar are a maritime community who are occupied primarily as inland and river fishermen and primarily fish with fishing nets. A similar caste also known as Sambuni Reddi is found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. There are many theories as to their origins but they have since ancient times been recorded in the area of Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Sri Lanka.
The name Sembadavar is mythologically connected to the principal Hindu god Shiva. The name is derived from the Tamil words Sambu, a name of Shiva and Padavar meaning boatmen thus literally meaning "Shiva's boatmen".
According to one legend, Shiva was fond of one of their chief deity Ankalamman. Out of the union was Parvatha Rajan (king of the Parvata Kingdom) born who disguised himself as a boatman. His boat was made of copper, the Vedas assumed the form of his fishing net and the Rakshasas took the form of the pisces. Accidentally was a rishi caught in his net, who angered called Parvatha Rajan a "Sembu Padavar" meaning "copper boatmen" and cursed his descendants to become fishermen. From this myth do they call themselves as Sembadavar or also Parvatha Rajakulam (meaning descendant of Parvatha Raja).
In 1947, the fisheries became a monopoly of the new independent Indian government.
As of 2011, Parvatharajakulam is classified as a Most backward caste by the Governments of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry.
कैलाश सत्यार्थी

कैलाश सत्यार्थी (११ जानेवारी, इ.स. १९५४: विदिशा, मध्य प्रदेश, भारत - ) हे एक भारतीय बालहक्क चळवळकर्ते व २०१४ मधील नोबेल शांतता पारितोषिक विजेते आहेत. १९९० सालापासून बालमजूरी उच्चाटनाचे काम करणाऱ्या सत्यार्थींच्या बचपन बचाओ आंदोलन ह्या संस्थेने आजवर सुमारे ८०,००० मुलांची सक्तमजूरीमधून मुक्तता केली आहे.
१० ऑक्टोबर २०१४ रोजी सत्यार्थींना नोबेल शांतता पारितोषिक मिळाल्याचे जाहीर केले. हे पारितोषिक त्यांना पाकिस्तानच्या मलाला युसूफझाईसोबत विभागून दिले गेले. बालमजुरी हटवण्यासाठी प्रयत्न करताना त्यांच्यावर अनेक हल्ले झाले तसेच त्यांच्या दोन सहकार्यांना मारून टाकण्यात आले आहे.
सत्यार्थी नवी दिल्लीमध्ये आपली पत्नी, मुलगा व मुलीसोबत राहतात. सत्यार्थी हे उत्तम स्वयंपाकी आहेत.
भारतीय नोबेल पारितोषिक विजेते

नोबेल पारितोषिक हा जगातील अत्यंत प्रतिष्ठेचा पुरस्कार आहे. रसायनशास्त्र, भौतिकशास्त्र, साहित्य, जागतिक शांतता, वैद्यकशास्त्र किंवा जीवशास्त्र आणि अर्थशास्त्र या क्षेत्रांतील अतुलनीय कामगिरीसाठी किंवा संशोधनासाठी प्रतिवर्षी हा पुरस्कार दिला जातो. स्वीडिश वैज्ञानिक आल्फ्रेड नोबेलने आपल्या मृत्युपत्रात या पुरस्कारांची तरतूद केली. त्याच्या मृत्यूनंतर पाच वर्षांनी इ.स. १९०१ मध्ये सर्वप्रथम हे पुरस्कार देण्यात आले. ऑक्टोबर २०१५ पर्यंत एकूण ८७० (पुरुष ८२१, आणि स्त्री ४९) व्यक्तींना २३ संस्थाना नोबेल पारितोषिक देण्यात आले आहेत.
देशानुसार नोबेल पारितोषिक विजेते

देशानुसार नोबेल पारितोषिकविजेत्यांची यादी येथे दिलेली आहे. जुलै २००८पर्यंत ७८९ व्यक्ती आणि २० संस्थांना हे पारितोषिक दिले गेलेले आहे.
प्रत्येक विजत्याचे नाव नोबेल पारितोषिक समितीच्या संकेतस्थळावर दिलेल्या अधिकृत देशात घातलेले आहे. तेथे एकापेक्षा अधिक देश दिले असता असे नाव सगळ्या देशांत घातलेले आहे. काही विजेत्यांचे नाव त्यांच्या जन्मदेशात घातले आहे.
, शांतता, १९३६
भारतीय नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेते यादी

नोबेल पारितोषिक हा भौतिकशास्त्र, रसायनशास्त्र या क्षेत्रातील "मानवजातला सर्वात मोठा फायदा" देणाऱ्या वार्षिक आंतरराष्ट्रीय पुरस्कारांचा संच आहे. शरीरविज्ञान किंवा औषध, साहित्य, शांतता आणि आर्थिक विज्ञान अल्फ्रेड नोबेलच्या शेवटच्या इच्छेने स्थापन केलेले, ज्यात निर्दिष्ट करण्यात आले की त्याच्या नशिबी काही भाग बक्षिसे तयार करण्यासाठी वापरला जाईल. प्रत्येक विजेते ​​(प्राप्तकर्ता) सुवर्ण पदक, डिप्लोमा आणि बरीच रक्कम मिळवते, ज्याचा निर्णय नोबेल फाउंडेशन दरवर्षी घेते. रॉयल स्वीडिश अ‍ॅकॅडमी ऑफ सायन्सेस यांना भौतिकशास्त्रातील नोबेल पुरस्कार, रसायनशास्त्रातील नोबेल पुरस्कार आणि अल्मफ्रेड नोबेलच्या मेमरी ऑफ इकॉनॉमिक सायन्सेसमधील सेवेरिजस रिक्सबँक पुरस्कार; कॅरोलिन्स्का इन्स्टिट्यूट मधील नोबेल असेंबली शरीरविज्ञान किंवा औषधोपचारातील नोबेल पुरस्कार; स्वीडिश अकादमी यांना साहित्यातील नोबेल पुरस्कार; आणि नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समिती यांना शांततेचा नोबेल पुरस्कार. त्यांना उपरोक्त क्षेत्रात प्रदान केलेल्या सर्वात प्रतिष्ठित सन्मानांपैकी एक म्हणून व्यापकपणे ओळखले जाते.
प्रथम १९०१ मध्ये स्थापना केली गेली, एकूण ९०४ व्यक्ती (८५२ पुरुष आणि ५२ महिला) आणि २४ संस्थांना १९०१ ते २०१८ दरम्यान नोबेल पारितोषिक देण्यात आले. एकूण प्राप्तकर्त्यांपैकी १३ भारतीय (पाच भारतीय नागरिक आणि भारतीय वंशाचे आठ किंवा रहिवासी) आहेत. रवींद्रनाथ टागोर हे पहिले भारतीय नागरिक होते आणि १९१३ मध्ये त्यांना सन्मानित होणारी प्रथम आशियाई देखील होती आणि मदर तेरेसा प्राप्तकर्त्यांमध्ये एकमेव महिला आहे. उल्लेखनीय म्हणजे, श्री अरबिंदो, भारतीय कवी, तत्त्ववेत्ता, राष्ट्रवादी आणि अखंड योगच्या विकसकांना १९४३ मध्ये साहित्याच्या नोबेल पुरस्कारासाठी आणि नोबेल शांती पुरस्कारासाठी १९५० मध्ये अयशस्वी नामांकित केले गेले.
१ डिसेंबर १९९९ रोजी नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समितीने याची पुष्टी केली की महात्मा गांधी यांना पाच वेळा (१९३७ ते १९३९ दरम्यान, १९४७ मध्ये आणि जानेवारी १९४८ मध्ये त्यांची हत्या होण्याच्या काही दिवस आधी) शांती पुरस्कारासाठी अयशस्वी ठरविण्यात आले. २००६ मध्ये नॉर्वेजियन नोबेल समितीचे सचिव गीर लुंडस्टाड यांनी "आमच्या १०६ वर्षांच्या इतिहासातील सर्वात मोठी चूक" असल्याचे नमूद केले.
खाली नोबेल पारितोषिक प्राप्त व्यक्ती (ब्रिटिश राजचे नागरिक होते ते खालील आहेत:
खाली नोबेल पारितोषिक मिळविलेल्या नोबेल पारितोषिकांपैकी भारत गणराज्याचे नागरिक खालीलप्रमाणे होते.
पुढील नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेते भारतीय नागरिक म्हणून जन्माला आले होते पण जेव्हा त्यांना बक्षीस देण्यात आले तेव्हा दुसऱ्या देशाचे नागरिक होते.
पुढील नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेते जे नोबेल पारितोषिक प्राप्तकर्ता बनले परंतु ते भारतीय नागरिक नव्हते तेव्हा भारतात जन्मले किंवा भारतातले रहिवासी होते.
साचा:भारतीय वंशाचे नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेते साचा:भारतीय नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेते
Bhaana Sidhu

Kaka Singh Sidhu professionally known as Bhaana Sidhu is an Indian social activist, actor and vlogger. He is known for his contributions as a social activist and also he is known for his roles in films like Sufna and Moosa Jatt.
Sidhu was born in village Kot Dhunna, Barnala, Punjab, to Sardar Bikkar Singh. He completed his graduation from Punjabi University, Patiala. His grandfather, Sardar Kartar Singh, was the chairman of the Bharatiya Kisan Union. Sidhu was actively involved in the 2021 farmers' protest. Sidhu began his career in comedy alongside his brother Amna Sidhu and relative Harinder Sidhu, also known as Producer Dxx and their early work faced significant criticism for its use of explicit language. Sidhu subsequently transitioned to acting in Punjabi cinema, with notable appearances including the Sidhu Moosewala starrer Moosa Jatt and Ammy Virk Starrer Sufna. He has featured in various Punjabi music videos such as Sidhu Moosewala’s Doctor, G Khan’s Fakkar, Gallan, Balkar Ankhila’ s Vaardat, Zafar's Thapian.
Beside his work as an artist, Sidhu is a social activist. He redirected his attention to the problem of immigration agents deceiving young people by demanding large sums of money under the false pretense of facilitating their travel abroad. His intervention led to several immigration agents returning the illicitly obtained funds to the victims. He also voiced criticism regarding the government's failures.
Sidhu has been involved in at least eight separate cases since 2019, including four cases registered against him within a single week in January 2024. He was arrested on charges of extorting a Ludhiana-based immigration agent. Later that same day, Sidhu and his brother were also booked for extortion by the police in Mohali following a complaint lodged by another immigration agent. On January 26, a new extortion case was filed against him in Abohar. On February 3, 2024, a substantial group of demonstrators, including young people and farmers, obstructed the national highway near Jheormajra village in Sangrur. The protesters breached police barricades in an attempt to reach the chief minister's residence in Sangrur, demanding the release of Sidhu. On February 12, 2024, Bhaana Sidhu was granted bail by a court in Mohali, Following the court's decision, Sidhu was released from Patiala Jail.
Zhi Yao (monk)

Zhi Yao (Chinese: 支曜; pinyin: Zhī Yào) was a Buddhist author or translator active in China and first mentioned in Sengyou's Collected Records Concerning the Tripitaka, a catalogue published in 515 CE of Buddhist texts translated into Chinese. The text suggests he was contemporary with the translator Lokakṣema, who lived in the second half of the second century CE during the Han dynasty.
There is only one sentence regarding Zhi Yao in Sengyou's work, found in the section on Lokakṣema, that says only, "at that time there was also Zhi Yao, who translated the Chengju guangming jing." The catalog states this text, which can be rendered in English as The Sutra on the Completion of Brightness (成具光明經), was produced during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, which would place it somewhere in the range of 168 to 190 CE.
The surname Zhi (支) typically indicated the person bearing it was of Yuezhi ethnicity, but it was also common practice in the Han dynasty for monks to take their teacher's surname, so his background remains uncertain.
Huijiao's (慧皎) Biographies of Eminent Monks (Gaoseng zhuan, 高僧傳), produced about 530 CE, also briefly mentions Zhi Yao. It states that he was a monk, and it also attributes an additional translation to him, namely the Xiao benqi (小本起), which is apparently lost.
The Buddhologist Jan Nattier briefly analysed the one text attributed to Zhi Yao by Sengyou, The Sutra on the Completion of Brightness. She concluded that it may be a Chinese apocrypha rather than a translation of an Indian text. She provides the following reasons:
She also notes that the text is apparently not mentioned in other texts until the fourth century CE, while at the same time some of the word choices would be unprecedented for the second century yet are not unusual for a third or fourth century context. Taking all of the evidence together, she concludes it is difficult to confirm if Zhi Yao really existed given the time between his stated lifetime and his appearance in the historical record, and if he did, what if any relationship he had with the textual work attributed to him.
Tahquitz Falls

Tahquitz Falls is a waterfall on Tahquitz Creek in the west skirt of the city Palm Springs, in the U.S. state of California. The waterfall is located in lower Tahquitz Canyon, a short distance upstream from the visitor center. The name of the canyon and its waterfall is from the spirit Tahquitz, a Cahuilla native of the Agua Caliente folklore.
The river flows over a slab of granite atop the falls, after which it plunges about 60 feet (18 m) into a pool. The fall is split once by a protrusion on the face of the canyon wall. The Tahquitz Falls is in the boundaries included in the National Register of Historic Places.
The falls are easily reached by proceeding upstream along the Tahquitz Canyon Trail. The trail gains approximately 350 feet (110 m) in altitude and runs past the waterfall forming a loop that returns to the waterfall and to the Visitor Center. The canyon and its trail are owned and managed by the Agua Calientes Band of Cahuilla Indians.
The Tahquitz Falls were used as a scene in Frank Capra's 1937 film Lost Horizon.
The Tahquitz Falls was also used as one of the prominent locations in the Jim Morrison's privately-funded 1969 film HWY: An American Pastoral.
BMW M1

BMW M1, (internbetegnelse E26) en bilmodell fra BMW lansert i 1978.
BMWs supersportbil M1 ble lansert i 1978. Bilen var en futuristisk skapelse der deler av designet kom fra en konseptbil som ble vist frem i 1972. Designeren bak M1 er den italienske legenden Giorgetto Giugiaro. Fra begynnelsen av var det tiltenkt at BMW M1 skulle produseres hos den italienske bilprodusenten Lamborghini. På grunn av økonomiske problemer hos Lamborghini ble det ikke noe av dette, og produksjonen ble lagt til Baur i Stuttgart. BMW fikk aldri noe stor suksess med modellen. På grunn av for lav produksjon kunne man ikke bruke bilen i konkurranser. Allerede i 1981 valgte BMW å legge ned produksjonen.
BMW M1 er den første bilen som ble laget av BMW Motorsport og som hadde M-emblemet, som senere har blitt brukt på BMW M3 og BMW M5.
BMW M1 er i dag et ettertraktet samlerobjekt på grunn av sin uvanlige BMW-design og fordi det kun ble produsert 450 eksemplarer av BMW M1
M1 var utrustet med en seksylindret rekkemotor med 24 ventiler. To overliggende kamaksler drev ventilene. Motorvolumet var på 3453 cm². Drivstoff ble levert til sylinderne via et mekanisk innsprøytningssystem fra Kugelfischer-Bosh. Den utviklet 277 hk ved 6500 omdreininger i minuttet og kom i flere løpsutgaver med opp til 850 hk effekt. Motoren var midtmontert, noe som var vanligere i italienske sportsbiler på den tiden. Aksellerasjonstiden fra 0–100 km/h var på 5,6 sekunder.
Bilen var bygget på et rørrammekarosseri, og hele bilen veide like under 1500 kg.
Volkswagen New Beetle

Volkswagen New Beetle er en Volkswagen-bilmodell som kom på markedet i 1998. Bilens utseende er sterkt inspirert av den opprinnelige Volkswagen-«bobla».
New Beetle har motoren foran og forhjulsdrift, og slektskapet til originalmodellen ligger kun i navnet og formen på karosseriet. Under karosseriet er det en moderne bil på alle måter, basert på Volkswagens A4-plattform, som også ble benyttet i fjerde generasjon av Volkswagen Golf. I direkte kontrast til originalen skulle New Beetle aldri være den økonomiske, enkle, pålitelige transporten dens forgjenger var ment som.
På bilutstillingen i Detroit i 1994 presenterte Volkswagen «Concept 1», en konseptbil med futuristisk styling, men samtidig inspirert av den originale Boblas runde form. Sterke reaksjoner fra publikum overbeviste VW om å sette bilen i produksjon, og i 1998, 20 år etter at den siste originale Bobla ble solgt i USA, lanserte Volkswagen New Beetle, designet av J.Mays og Freeman Thomas ved selskapets designstudio i California.
Produksjonen av Beetle opphørte i juli 2019.
Bjørn Terje Baarli

Bjørn Terje Baarli (født 1961) er en norsk trommeslager. Han er best kjent som trommeslager i Backstreet Girls, hvor han spilte i 22 år.
Bjørn Terje Baarli begynte som trommeslager i bandet Riff Raff i 1981, hvor han spilte sammen med broren Petter Baarli. Bandet ble oppløst i 1984. Petter Baarli ble gitarist i Backstreet Girls, og ikke lenge etterpå ble også Bjørn Terje med på trommer. Her spilte de sammen fram til Bjørn Terje sluttet i 2006.
Baarli-brødrene har også samarbeidet i flere andre band. I de tre banda Ziggy & The Rythm Bulldogs, Fekale Brekninger og Joachim Nielsen sammen med BSG bassist Pål «Krisa» Kristensen. De spilte inn en sang til ei barneplate sammen med DumDum Boys vokalist Prepple Houmb, Røversang/Røvernes letevise. Terte bidrar også på en sang på plata til brorens band The Ratcats.
På nyttårsaften 2011 sto Backstreet Girls-besetningen (Bjørn Müller, Petter Baarli, Bjørn Terje Baarli og Pål «Krisa» Kristensen) på scenen igjen og spilte på Elm Street Rock Cafes siste åpningsdag før bygget skulle rives.
I 2012 var Bjørn Terje Baarli i studio og bidro på broren Petter Baarlis soloalbum.
Hans Petter Baarli

Hans Petter Baarli (født 1965) er en norsk gitarist og låtskriver. Han er født og oppvokst på Skedsmokorset.
Han er gitarist og låtskriver i det norske boogierock-bandet Backstreet Girls, som han har spilt i siden begynnelsen i 1984. Sammen med vokalist Bjørn Müller, som skriver tekstene til bandets låter, fikk han i 2024 årets ærespris under utdelingen av Musikkforleggerprisen. I juryen begrunnelse stod det blant annet: «Gitaristens sylskarpe riff og tekstforfatterens finurlige, ordspillrike tekster har gitt oss en låtkatalog som få andre norske band kan matche, dette er rett og slett rock’n’roll i verdensklasse.»
Baarli spiller også i rockebandet Valentourettes, hvor Joachim «Jokke» Nielsens venner og tidligere bandmedlemmer hyller Jokkes musikk. Han har sitt eget punkband ved navn The Ratcats og spiller i The Last Rock 'n' Roll Band sammen med blant andre Casino Steel og Honest John Plain.
Hans Petter Baarli er bror til Bjørn Terje Baarli, som tidligere var trommeslager i Backstreet Girls. Baarli-brødrene har også samarbeidet i flere andre band; Ziggy & The Rythm Bulldogs, Fekale Brekninger og Joachim Nielsen sammen med BSG bassist Pål «Krisa» Kristensen. De spilte inn en sang til ei barneplate sammen med DumDum Boys vokalist Prepple Houmb, Røversang/Røvernes letevise. Bjørn Terje bidrar på en sang på plata til brorens band The Ratcats. I 2015 var Baarli-brødrene igjen sammen i studio, hvor Bjørn Terje spilte på brorens soloplate.
Casino Steel

Stein Groven (født 1952), kjent under artistnavnet Casino Steel, er en norsk keyboardist og vokalist. Han har spilt i flere ulike band og sammensetninger innen rock, punk og country i Norge, Storbritannia og USA og har gitt ut flere soloalbum. Han ble innlemmet i Rockheim Hall of Fame september 2021.
Som 18 åring flyttet han til London hvor han i 1970-årene blant annet var medlem av punk-rockbandene Hollywood Brats og senere The Boys som fortsatt er aktivt. I Norge ble han først kjent for sitt samarbeid med Gary Holton som han ga ut fire album med på starten av 1980-årene. I 1983 startet han samarbeidet med Claudia Scott og Ottar «Big Hand» Johansen i countrytrioen Claudia / Big Hand / Casino. Trioen ga ut tre plater. De fikk Spellemannprisen 1985 i klassen roots & country for albumet Oh Yeah! og ble nominert til Spellemannprisen 1984 i klassen country & western for Fools Never Learn. Samarbeidet med Claudia Scott fortsatte utover 80-tallet, først som duo og deretter i bandet CCCP hvor også Carlene Carter og John Payne var medlemmer. I 1990 ga han ut sitt første soloalbum som fikk navnet Casino Steel. Året etter startet han plateselskapet Revolution Records. I 2007 startet han The Last Rock 'N' Roll Band sammen med blant andre Honest John Plain fra The Boys.
Han fikk veteranprisen under Gammleng-prisen 2019 og ble nominert til Rockheim Hall of Fame i 2018 og 2019 før han ble innlemmet i 2021.
Han ble i 2002 dømt til 120 dagers fengsel for grovt økonomisk utroskap i den såkalte GramArt-saken. Saken fikk stor oppmerksomhet i media, da en rekke kjente norske musikere var deltagende som vitner.
BMW E90

BMW E90 / E91 / E92 / E93 ble lansert våren 2005 og ble erstattet våren 2012 med nye 3-serie BMW F30. E90 erstattet BMW E46, som kom på markedet i 1999. Stasjonsvognen E91 ble lansert høsten 2005. I 2006 ble coupéversjonen (E92) lansert og i 2007 ble cabrioletversjonen og M3 lansert.
E90 sedan er 49 mm lengre, 78 mm bredere og 9 mm høyere enn den forrige utgaven av 3-serien, E46. Akselavstanden er økt med 35 mm. Til tross for den økte størrelsen, er E90 lettere enn E46, noe som skyldes økt bruk av lette metaller som aluminium og magnesium.
E90 leveres med punkteringsfrie dekk som standard og leveres derfor ikke med reservehjul.
BMW 320si er en spesialutgave produsert i 2006 i kun 2 600 eksemplarer. 320si ble bygd for å kunne stille til start i FIA World Touring Car Championship (WTCC). 320si har en modifisert fire sylindret motor (N45) som er forskjellig fra motoren i 320i (N46). Endringene er blant annet høyere turtallsperre (7 300 omdr.) og høyere kompresjon enn standard 320i. Motoren er for det meste håndbygd og har ikke Valvetronic, noe som reduserer antall bevegelige deler. Akselerasjonen fra 0 til 100 km/t tar 8,1 sekunder og fra 80 til 120 km/t går på 7,7 sekunder. Til sammenligning er standard 320i akselerasjon på henholdsvis 9,0 og 9,1 sekunder.
Coupéversjonen ble lansert i august 2006 og er den første coupéen fra BMW hvor det er mulig å få firehjulstrekksystemet xDrive. Coupéen er lengre og smalere enn sedanutgaven.
Bengt Calmeyer (musiker)

Bengt Agnor Calmeyer (født 1969) er en norsk bassist som var medlem av Turboneger fra 1991 til 1996 under navnet "Bingo". Han medvirket på platene Hot Cars and Spent Contraceptives, Helta Skelta, (He's a) Grunge Whore (EP), Never Is Forever og Ass Cobra samt diverse singler.
Bengt Calmeyer har vært vokalist i Akutt Innleggelse sammen med Thomas Seltzer og bassist i Black & Decker. Sammen med andre tidligere medlemmer av Turboneger har han spilt i bandet Turbonecro.
Pfizer

Pfizer Inc. er et verdensomspennende amerikansk legemiddelfirma med hovedsete i New York. Det er verdens største legemiddelselskap og ifølge Forbes verdens 4. største selskap overhodet. Det ble grunnlagt av den tyske kjemikeren Charles Pfizer (1824–1906) som begynte å produsere kjemiske produkter i en bygning i Williamsburg i Brooklyn i 1849.
Selskapet produserer og markedsfører verdens mest omsatte legemiddel, Lipitor (atorvastatin), som brukes mot dyslipidemi (høyt kolesterol). Pfizer markedsfører også Viagra (sildenafil), som brukes mot impotens (erektil dysfunksjon). Selskapet har forøvrig fått kritikk i sosiale medier for å legge skylden på impotens på aldrende kvinner.
Den 2. september 2009 kunngjorde USAs justisdepartement at man var kommet til et forlik som tildels skjermet Pfizer for rettslig forfølgelse av uredelig markedsføring. Pfizer ga med på å betale en bot på 2,3 milliarder dollar i det som frem til da var det økonomisk mest omfattende strafferegimet i departementets historie.
Pfizer AS er Norges største legemiddelfirma med en omsetning på ca. 1,5 milliarder kroner (2004). Selskapet markedsfører legemidler innenfor en rekke terapiområder, for eksempel hjerte-karsykdommer, kreft, nevrologiske lidelser, urologiske lidelser, øyesykdommer og psykiske lidelser. Pfizer AS er det norske datterselskapet av Pfizer Inc.
Adm. dir. er Sissel Andresen.
San Francisco Bay Oakland internasjonale lufthavn

San Francisco Bay Oakland internasjonale lufthavn (IATA: OAK, ICAO: KOAK) ligger på øya Bay Farm Island i byen Oakland i delstaten California i USA. 16 flyselskaper bruker for tiden flyplassen.
Flyplassen er delt opp i to separerte enheter, den sydlige og den nordlige. Den sydlige delen har en rullebane og blir brukt til kommersiell luftrafikk. Den nordlige delen har tre rullebaner og blir brukt til allmenn luftfart.
Byggingen av flyplassen startet i 1927, og ble dedisert til Charles Lindbergh. I de første årene var flyplassen avreisepunkt for flere historiske flygninger, blant annet Charles Kingsford Smith sin USA–Australia-tur i 1928 og Amelia Earharts siste flytur i 1939.
Boeing Air Transport (forgenger til United Airlines) begynte å trafikkere flyplassen i 1927 og Trans World Airlines fulgte etter i 1932.
Under andre verdenskrig, i 1943 tok forsvaret over driften av flyplassen for å bruke den til militære formål i Stillehavet. All trafikk ble omdirigert til San Francisco internasjonale flyplass. Etter krigen var over begynte trafikken igjen; Western Airlines begynte flygninger i 1946 og ble raskt etterfulgt av flere andre flyselskaper.
Under Vietnamkrigen fløy World Airlines militært personell fra Oakland til sine baser i Sørøst-Asia. Etter krigen sank trafikken kraftig, men på grunn av avreguleringen av luftfarten begynte flere lavkostnadsflyselskaper å fly fra lufthavnen.
En utbygning som skal stå klar i 2009 er planlagt med et budsjett på 1,4 milliarder USD. ¨
Terminal 1 har 19 utganger: 1 – 19
Terminal 2 has 13 Gates: 20 – 32
Trumpchi Emkoo

The Trumpchi Emkoo (Chinese: 影酷; pinyin: Yǐngkù, literally: Shadow Cool) is a compact crossover SUV produced by Chinese automobile manufacturer GAC Group and sold under the Trumpchi brand in China and the GAC Motor brand globally. It is the second vehicle of the Trumpchi Shadow (影) series, after the Empow compact sports sedan.
The Trumpchi Emkoo was previewed by the Vision Emkoo concept car revealed in November 2021 at Auto Guangzhou.
The production model Trumpchi Emkoo debuted in April 2022, with similar yet toned-down styling compared to the 2021 concept. The Emkoo went on sale in China in August 2022 at a starting price of RMB 132,000 (US$19,450).
The Emkoo was previewed for the Philippinean market at the 19th Manila International Auto Show (MIAS) on 4 April 2024 and sales commenced in the Philippines on 22 August 2024. It is available in a sole variant powered by a 2.0-litre Hybrid powertrain, as the first hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) sold by GAC Group in the country.
The Emkoo was launched in South Africa on 28 August 2024, shortly two weeks after GAC Group entry to South Africa with the GS3 Emzoom. It is available in two trim levels: Executive and Executive Plus; it is powered by a 1.5-litre turbocharged petrol engine.
There are two ICE models of the Trumpchi Emkoo. The entry-level model is powered by a 1.5 liter turbocharged engine, producing 130 kW (177 PS; 174 hp) and 270 N⋅m (199 lb⋅ft; 28 kg⋅m) of torque and is paired with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission, while the top-level model is powered by a 2.0 liter turbocharged engine, producing 185 kW (252 PS; 248 hp) and 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft; 41 kg⋅m) of torque and has an 8-speed automatic transmission.
The Emkoo hybrid model is powered by a 2.0 liter engine with an electric motor outputting a combined 175 kW (238 PS; 235 hp) is co-developed by GAC and Toyota called the G-MC 2.0 system. This model uses a 2-speed dedicated hybrid transmission.
The Trumpchi Emkoo features an ADiGO 5.0 advanced driver-assistance system and a 14.6 in (37 cm) central screen using a Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip.
Ford Nucleon

The Ford Nucleon is a concept car developed by Ford in 1957, designed as a future nuclear-powered car—one of a handful of such designs during the 1950s and 1960s. The concept was only demonstrated as a scale model. The design did not include an internal combustion engine; rather, the vehicle was to be powered by a small nuclear reactor at its rear, based on the assumption that nuclear reactors would eventually become small enough to make this possible. The car was to use a steam engine powered by uranium fission, similar to those found in nuclear submarines.
The Nucleon was not a serious design, but rather a vision of the future when such a small reactor with small and light radiation shielding might become possible. It was described in June 1957 as "an advanced notion of the automotive future" and as a "futuristic fancy". Ford stated:
This supposition has not come to pass, and modern fission reactors with enough power to propel a vehicle still require roughly 5 feet of radiation shielding (e.g. concrete, water, and/or tungsten) to prevent the operator from absorbing hazardous amounts of radiation dose.
The mock-up of the car can be viewed at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.
At the time of the concept's unveiling, nuclear technology was relatively new, and it was believed that nuclear fission technology could be made compact and affordable, such that nuclear fuel would become the primary energy source in the U.S., and gasoline would become obsolete. Ford envisioned a future where gas stations would be replaced with full service recharging stations, and that the vehicle would get 5,000 miles (8,000 km) before the reactor would have to be exchanged for a new one. These would be scaled-down versions of the nuclear reactors that military submarines used at the time, utilizing uranium as the fissile material. Because the entire reactor would be replaced, Ford hypothesized that the owner would have multiple choices for reactors, such as a fuel-efficient model or a high-performance model, at each reactor change. Ultimately, the reactor would use heat to convert water into steam and the power train would be steam-driven.
The Nucleon is the inspiration for nuclear cars in the Fallout video game franchise. For example, in-game billboards describe the fictional Chryslus Corvega Atomic V8 as having an "Atomic V8" engine. The game's depiction is purely satirical, as the cars explode into an implausible mushroom cloud and release radiation when shot.
Yamaha FZR600

The Yamaha FZR600 is a sports motorcycle produced by Yamaha between 1988 and 1996 (1999 in the USA). It was the successor to the FZ600 and was replaced by the Yamaha YZF600R in 1997. It had a steel Deltabox frame and swingarm, similar in appearance to the alloy Deltabox frame introduced three years earlier on the 1WG FZR400.
The Yamaha FZR600 engine was slanted forward in the frame. This was the basis of the Genesis engine and Delta Box frame concept, and helped to lower the center of gravity and help centralize mass. This layout allowed the real fuel tank to sit behind the cylinders, low between the frame rails, and further aided with lowering the center of gravity. Forward of this sat the airbox, with four 32 mm Mikuni downdraft carburetors, and all these assemblies were covered by a plastic cover dummy petrol tank.
Unlike the larger FZR models, which had featured three intake valves and two exhaust valves per cylinder, the FZR600 had a four valve per cylinder layout, necessitated by the different gas flow characteristics of the 600 cc engine over the 750 and 1,000 cc units in the FZR range. Many models came with the EXUP valve system, mandatory for units sold in California. This system located in the lower exhaust manifold helps maintain high back pressure at low engine speeds, and opens up more at higher engine speeds, giving the motor better mid-range power. The EXUP system was mainly found in US and some European models to compensate for the loss of power caused by emissions related modifications for those markets. Standard world market models produced 99 bhp (74 kW), compared to about 91 bhp (68 kW) for EXUP equipped versions.
The original steel-framed '3HE' FZR600 remained virtually unchanged throughout its production which began in 1988.
In 1990, the rear wheel width was increased to 4 inches, which is up from the 3.5-inch wheel which was stock for the 1988-1989 models. In the same year the front brake calipers were upgraded to 4-piston units (as opposed to the 2-piston calipers on the 1988-1989 models).
In 1991 the FZR received a single trapezoid headlamp to ape its FZR1000 EXUP sibling. The FZR also received a different swingarm, which was slightly fatter in profile. Aside from the minor mechanical changes, the paintwork and color schemes were the main change for each new model year, including the Vance and Hines special edition scheme that was available for 1992, of which only 636 were produced.
Yamaha ended up reverting to the twin round headlamp design for 1993.
In 1994 we saw the introduction of the 4JH model exclusively for the European and Asian markets, the main difference being the replacing of the twin circular headlights with the now famous twin "Cats eyes" style headlights that also happen to be found on the successor of the FZR600, the 1994-1996 YZF600R. Along with some minor bodywork changes in order to update the styling and accompany the new headlights.
Snow guard

A snow guard is a device used to retain snow and ice from falling from one surface to a lower one; in contemporary usage, they are installed to prevent snow/ice pack from avalanching and damaging people, plants, and property below. They are most commonly installed in multiples or rows on a structure's roof surface, as a form of avalanche control. Snow guards are installed with a specific quantity and pattern based on the shape, size and pitch of the roof to provide the most uniform system of retention possible. Snow guards are not fully intended to completely hold back the snow as this would cause major leak issues when the snow melts. They are however built to separate the snow to allow it to break apart into smaller pieces/sections so that, if they do fall in rising temperatures and thawing conditions, the likelihood of having someone injured by the falling pile of snow is minimized.
Variants of snow guards have been used for over 300 years all around the world where seasonal snowfall is common. In addition to roofs, other larger natural or man-made objects and structures have also been used as snow guards (also known as snow fences) on steep sloping hills to lessen the effects of avalanches in valley regions.
Modern snow guards are made of polycarbonate and/or metals, depending on the type, size, and specific function of the guard. Although primarily installed for functional purposes, panel guards and snow railing are sometimes used to highlight a roof's aesthetic appeal and design. A variety of modern manufacturers have designed metal powder-coated guards that can match the colors of varying roof types, and snow rails are commonly colored to complement the roofs they protect. In addition, many manufacturers have developed snow guards and systems for metal roofs.
Other commonly used names and terms for snow guards include:
Pura sangre (película colombiana)

Pura sangre es una película de terror colombiana de 1982 dirigida y escrita por Luis Ospina y protagonizada por Carlos Mayolo, Florina Lemaitre, Humberto Arango, Luis Alberto García y Gilberto Forero. La película puede ser considerada una de las primeras producciones cinematográficas colombianas que se centran en el tema del vampirismo, contando la historia de un anciano que padece una extraña enfermedad y que requiere constantemente de la sangre de niños para poder sobrevivir.​​
Roberto Hurtado, un anciano adinerado, padece de una extraña enfermedad que solo puede ser controlada mediante constantes transfusiones de sangre proveniente de jóvenes y niños. Para tal efecto su inescrupuloso hijo ha contratado bajo chantaje a tres empleados (dos chóferes y una enfermera envueltos en un turbio crimen sexual) que se encargan de secuestrar a sus víctimas y asesinarlas para extraerles su sangre, no sin antes hacerlas partícipes de sus perversiones sexuales.
Queso de Valdeón

El queso de Valdeón es un queso azul que se produce en la localidad de Posada de Valdeón, León (España). Antiguamente se elaboraba un queso similar denominado "picón de Valdeón" que se solía hacer con la leche procedente del ganado del lugar.
La producción de queso en el valle de Valdeón se remonta a época prerromana, elaborándose por entonces con leche de cabra como materia prima. Durante el siglo XIX la producción del queso era una de las principales ocupaciones de la zona, ya que la producción de leche del ganado que pastaba en las majadas en altura durante el verano se transformaba en queso en las propias cabañas en lo alto o se transportaba a los pueblos del valle. Debido a las importantes barreras naturales que delimitan el valle, este tiene un microclima que propicia el desarrollo de la flora microbiana que caracteriza estos quesos.​
La zona de elaboración y maduración de los quesos protegidos por esta I.G.P. está constituida por el término municipal de Posada de Valdeón, que incluye a Caín, Caldevilla, Cordiñanes, Los Llanos, Prada, Santa Marina y Soto.​
Se elabora tanto con leche de vaca, cabra y/o oveja o con sus mezclas y se deja madurar en cuevas por un período largo. Se trata de un queso con un sabor bastante fuerte y con un alto contenido en grasas, la pasta es ligeramente amarilla y de textura blanda. Estas características lo convierten en un queso bueno para untar o para elaborar salsas de acompañamiento de carnes o setas. Se elabora durante todo el año.​ El queso cuando se presente batido se presentará en envases con un contenido neto de entre 200 gramos y 1,5 kilogramos, pudiéndose superar dicha cifra y sólo hasta los 6 kilogramos para su distribución en locales de restauración, cadenas de distribución e industrias. El batido deberá ser homogéneo, con ausencia total de corteza. La crema deberá presentar un color blanco marfil con los toques azul verdosos poco brillantes provocados por los microorganismos característicos. El olor será ligeramente ácido o láctico, con un sabor intenso y picante que aumentará con la presencia de mayor leche de cabra en el mix.​
La forma de presentación principal de este queso es en el formato tradicional cilíndrico con pesos que van desde los 420g a los 3kg envuelto en hoja natural o en papel aluminio, para facilitar su conservación y el mantenimiento de sus niveles de humedad, como es frecuente en la mayoría de quesos azules. También puede presentarse en porciones (cuñas) para su comercialización. Recientes investigaciones llevadas a cabo por la Universidad de León han hallado la presencia del anticancerígeno andrastina.​
Es un queso que se elabora de forma similar a otros quesos azules de los Picos de Europa, como el Cabrales de Asturias o el queso Picón de Cantabria.