davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Bauer Media Audio Ireland

Bauer Media Audio Ireland (formerly Communicorp Group) is a media holding company based in Ireland, owned by Bauer Media Group.
Communicorp Group Ltd was formed by Denis O'Brien in 1989. It launched its radio operations in Ireland that same year and entered the Czech Republic in 1992. Later, it added stations in Bulgaria, Estonia, Finland, and Hungary. Based in Dublin, the company now owns radio stations including Ireland's Newstalk, Today FM, 98FM, SPIN 1038 and SPIN South West. By then, O'Brien owned both of Ireland's independent (non-state-operated) national radio stations.
O'Brien's Communicorp was the highest bidder for Emap's Irish operations when that company decided to sell its radio stations, buying FM104, Highland Radio and Today FM on 14 July 2007. In October 2007, the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (BCI) approved Communicorp's proposed takeover of Today FM and Highland Radio, but not FM104. The deal was completed by January 2008. Due to a Competition Authority decision, Communicorp was required to sell on FM104, which it did (to UTV Media) immediately upon its acquisition. O'Brien offloaded Highland Radio in mid-2008.
On 21 July 2008, a joint bid from Boxer TV Access and Communicorp, supported by BT Ireland, were successful in obtaining three digital terrestrial television multiplex contracts from the BCI. Boxer DTT Limited withdrew from its agreement to provide a DTT platform on 20 April 2009.
The group divested its assets in Latvia, Finland and the Czech Republic in 2012; Hungary in 2013.
On 6 February 2014, Communicorp announced it would be acquiring eight UK stations from Global Radio, subject to review by Ireland's Competition Authority. The stations were required to be sold off by the Competition Commission following Global's acquisition of GMG Radio in 2012. The formation of Communicorp UK on 1 April 2014, headquartered in Manchester, allowed Communicorp UK to be operated as an independent operating arm.
The Bulgarian stations were sold in 2018. A restructuring of Communicorp Group at the same year later ceded Communicorp UK's control to O'Brien, making it an independent company.
In February 2021, Bauer Media Group announced it was to acquire Communicorp Group subject to regulatory approval. The acquisition was completed on 1 June 2021 and the company was renamed Bauer Media Audio Ireland.
In August 2023, it was announced that Bauer Media Audio Ireland had acquired the Irish music-driven youth radio station, iRadio.
Communicorp have an interest in the digital and PR agency ICAN, and previously (through its subsidiary Demirca) also operated the online marketplace AppliancesDelivered.ie. The latter began as a magazine called 'Buy & Sell', and changed ownership several times, before being acquired in 2015 and rebranded in 2016. AppliancesDelivered.ie ceased operations in 2019.
List of free-to-air channels at Astra 28.2°E (Ireland and the United Kingdom)

This is a list of the free-to-air channels that are currently available via satellite from SES Astra satellites (Astra 2E/2F/2G) at orbital position 28.2°E, serving Ireland and the United Kingdom. Sky and Freesat use these satellites to deliver their channels. If one was to change providers between Sky and Freesat, one would not require a realignment of the satellite dish.
Channel numbers sometimes differ between HD boxes and standard boxes. On HD boxes, HD channels are generally given precedence over the SD counterpart (though this does not apply in all regions of the UK in some cases). For this article, it is assumed that the subscriber has a Sky+ HD or Sky Q box but does not subscribe to the HD pack.
Note: Channel numbers listed for Sky are for the United Kingdom only. In Ireland, some channels may not be on the channel number listed, or may not be present on the EPG and require manual tuning. Officially, Freesat is not available in Ireland.
Notes for the Interactive section:
Notes for the Movies section:
Myanmar Radio and Television

Myanmar Radio and Television (Burmese: မြန်မာ့အသံနှင့်ရုပ်မြင်သံကြား, abbreviated MRTV), formerly the Burma Broadcasting Service (BBS), is the parent of the state-run Myanmar Radio National Service and the MRTV television channel. The television channels are broadcasting from its broadcast center in Kamayut, Yangon while the radio service is now broadcasting primarily from Naypyidaw. MRTV's television signals reaches 92.7% of the Myanmar population, while its radio coverage reaches 100% of the country.
Radio service in Myanmar first came on air in 1936 during the British colonial era. Regular programming by Bama Athan (Burmese: ဗမာ့အသံ; "Voice of Burma") began in February 1946 when the British established Burma Broadcasting Service (BBS), carrying Burmese language national and foreign news and musical entertainment, knowledge reply and school lessons and English language news and music programming. After independence in 1948, it was named Myanma Athan (Burmese: မြန်မာ့အသံ; also meaning Voice of Burma, but with the more formal term "Myanmar"). The service was renamed Myanmar Radio by the military government which came to power in 1988. The junta has also renamed the radio service's parent, BBS as Myanmar Radio and Television (MRTV) in 1997.
Until the launch of Yangon City FM in 2001, BBS/Myanmar Radio was the only radio station in the country. For years, its main broadcast centre is at 426 Pyay Road in Kamayut in Yangon. Since late 2007, the main broadcast station has moved to Naypyidaw. Yangon Station now mostly relays Naypyidaw Station's programming.
Television service in Myanmar was first introduced in June 1979 as a test trial in Yangon. MRTV was first launched on 3 June 1980, and regular television service was formally launched in 1981 using the NTSC standard. In 2005, MRTV had 195 television relay stations throughout the country.
In October 2013, MRTV started broadcasting on digital terrestrial with DVB-T2 System, same as most ASEAN Countries. 18 TV channels and 3 Myanmar Radio channels are on MRTV multiplex system. MRTV plans the news interface, to the modern style of starting sequences and will have well-decorated news room. The broadcasting hours also increased to 18 hours (previously 10 hours).
On 15 February 2015, MRTV adding 5 new TV channels to their Multplex Play Out system, such as MRTV-4, Channel 7, 5 Plus, MNTV and Channel 9.
On 24 March 2018, MRTV adding 5 new TV channels to their Multiplex Play out System, such as Mizzima TV, DVB TV, Channel K, YTV and Fortune TV. Since 2014, Myanmar Radio has broadcast on FM radio from dozens of relay stations nationwide. It broadcasts 18 hours a day from 5:30 am to 11:30 pm (MMT).
Angeun kacang

Angeun kacang nyaéta godogan cai beunang nyambaraan jeung ngabungbuan maké bukur, bukurna téh nyaéta kacang.
Pikun nyieun angeun kacang, dibutuhkeun sawatara bahan-bahan nu kudu disadiakeun kayaning daging sapi, kacang beureum, daun salam, gula beureum, cai asem jawa, tarasi, uyah, tomat beureum, bawang daun, bawang beureum, bawang bodas,, laja jeung cabé beureum.
商陆属

商陆属（学名：Phytolacca）是商陆科下的一个属，为或灌木或乔木植物。该属共有35种，分布于热带和亚热带地区。该属下的多数物种含有商陆毒素、商陆碱、商陆皂甙元等有毒成分。
属名Phytolacca来源于希腊语phyton（植物）和lacca（绘画用具）的合成词，指本属植物的果实可提炼绘画用色素。
技术写作

技术写作是技术传播内容的写作，可应用于各种技术和专业领域，例如计算机硬件和软件、工程学、化学、航空工程、机器人学、金融、医学、消费电子产品、和生物技术。技术写作是技术传播领域最大的一个分支。
美国技术传播协会（Society for Technical Communication）将技术传播定义为各种形式的传播，它们具备以下特征：(1) 关于技术或专门的主题，例如计算机应用程序、医疗流程、或环境保护法规；(2) 使用印刷文档或技术手段进行传播，例如网页、帮助文件、或社交媒体网站；(3) 提供如何做某事的指导说明，无论任务的技术成程度如何。
技术写作由技术写作人员（或技术资料编写者）完成、是一个在专业场所编写和共享信息的过程。技术写作人员的首要任务是以最明确、有效的方式将信息（通常是复杂的信息）传达给另一个人或另一方。分析信息并以易于阅读和理解的格式呈现信息是他们的主要任务之一。一个好的技术写作人员需要很强的写作和沟通技巧。他们不仅通过文字传达信息，还必须熟练使用计算机。例如，使用各种软件程序来创建和编辑插画，使用图表制作软件创建视觉辅助，以及使用文档处理软件来设计、创建文档。
虽然通常跟在线帮助和用户手册联系在一起，技术写作涵盖多种文档类型和技术手段。新闻稿、备忘录、商业计划书、数据手册、产品描述和设计规范、白皮书、个人简历、和工作申请函，这些只是技术写作中的一小部分。
虽然技术写作在第二次世界大战后才被公认为是一个正式的职业，但它的起源可追溯到古典时期。评论家们认为，亚里士多德等作家的作品是最早的技术写作形式。杰弗里·乔叟的《论星盘》(Treatise on the Astrolabe) 一书是技术文档的最早范例，也被认为是第一篇用英文出版的技术文档。
随着机械式印刷机的发明、文艺复兴开始、以及启蒙时代的兴起，用文件记录研究结果变成一个必然需求。艾萨克·牛顿和列奥纳多·达·芬奇等科学家和发明家纷纷用文档记录了他们的发明和研究结果。 这些文档虽然在其发行时期不叫做技术文档，但对于发展现代形式的技术沟通和写作起到了至关重要的作用。
在工业革命期间，技术沟通领域进一步发展。随着新机器的发明和使用，指导人们使用这些越来越复杂的机器的需求不断增加。然而跟过去口头传下来的技能不同，除发明者之外，没有人知道如何使用这些新设备。因此写作成为传播信息最快、最有效的方式，能用文档描述这些设备的写作人员成为一种渴求。
在 20 世纪，技术写作的需求猛升，技术写作职业也终于被正式承认。第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战推进了医学、武器装备、计算机科学、和航空航天技术的发展。 技术的快速发展、再加上战争的紧迫性，迫切需要用设计精良的文档来记录这些技术的使用方法。技术写作在这一时期的需求量很大，并在第二次世界大战期间成为一个正式的职位。
第二次世界大战之后，技术的发展促进了生活消费品和生活水平的提升。在战后繁荣时期，公共服务（例如图书馆和大学）以及交通系统（例如公交车和公路）发展迅猛，需要越来越多的写作人员来记录这些过程。同样在这个时期，计算机开始在大型企业和大学使用。值得一提的是，在 1949 年，Joseph D. Chapline 编写了第一篇计算机技术文档，它是 BINAC 计算机的使用手册。
1947 年晶体管的发现使计算机的制造成本比以往任何时候都要低。 更便宜的价格意味着个人和小型企业也能购买计算机。由于计算机变得越来越重要，对能够用文档描述这些设备的写作人员的需求也不断增长。在 20 世纪 70 和 80 年代，随着消费电子产品进入越来越多的家庭，技术写作职业得到进一步发展。
近年来，计算机在社会中的突出地位推进了数字沟通领域的诸多发展，技术写作人员使用的工具也有了很大变化。超文本、文字处理软件、绘图软件、以及排版软件使得技术文档的创建变得比以往任何时候更快、更容易，现在的技术写作人员必须熟练使用这些软件。
技术写作人员需要具备多种技能，例如：
好的技术写作要求简洁、目标明确、易于理解、没有错误、并且以读者为中心。技术写作人员应使文档尽可能表达明确、避免使用行业术语，语言风格方面应避免被动语态和名词化（即把动词、形容词转换为名词使用）。由于要应用于真实的场景，技术文档应明确文档主题是什么，以及读者应该做什么。以描述如何使用大功率 X 射线机的使用说明书为例，如果内容晦涩难懂，可能会导致严重的后果。
技术写作要求写作人员对其读者做大量研究。技术写作人员需要知道读者对所讨论内容的了解程度，因为读者的知识库将决定文档的内容和重点。例如写给一群高水平科学家的讨论某科学研究成果的评估报告，跟写给普通大众的将大不相同。技术写作人员本身不需要是主题专家 (SME)，当某项工作需要对主题具备更多知识时，他们通常与主题专家共同协作来完成。
技术写作必须准确。在分析读者之后，技术写作人员必须知道要传达什么内容，然后以准确、适当的方式传达信息。如果写作人员表达的信息不准确，可能会造成人身伤害、环境或财产方面的损失。了解读者对保证准确性很重要，因为文档语言需要根据读者对主题的了解程度进行调整。例如编写如何正确、安全搭建书架的使用说明书，应确保任何人都可以跟着操作，而且要求精确到细节（如每个紧固件的具体位置）。如果这些说明不准确，可能会导致书架安装不稳或无法安装。
文档的设计和版面也是技术写作非常重要的组成部分。技术写作人员在文档的可读性上投入大量时间，因为设计糟糕的文档会妨碍读者对内容的理解。恰当使用文档设计元素对技术文档尤其重要，如项目符号、字体大小、和粗体。技术写作人员经常使用图片、图表和视频，因为对于传达复杂的信息（例如公司的年度收益或产品的设计特性），这些媒体元素远远比文字描述要有效的多。
技术写作涉及多种类型和写作风格（取决于信息和读者）。不仅仅只有技术写作人员创建技术文档，在专业环境中工作的几乎所有人都创建某种类型的技术文档。以下是技术写作的一些例子：
技术写作人员使用以下工具来编写和呈现文档：
鼠來寶

《鼠來寶》（英語：Alvin and The Chipmunks），2007年出品的3D動畫真人結合電影。
三隻花栗鼠艾文Alvin（花仔）、賽門Simon（阿檬）、喜多Theodore（阿肥）在片中盡情地搞笑、耍寶。
阿尔文、西蒙和西奥多这三只花栗鼠在他们居住的树被砍伐并运到加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的一家唱片公司后流离失所。苦苦挣扎的词曲作者大卫塞维尔向唱片公司的执行官伊恩霍克展示了他的小样，但遭到拒绝。大卫从公司偷走了一个篮子，却不知道花栗鼠三人组已经放在篮子里了。
回到家后，大卫发现了花栗鼠并命令它们离开。当大卫听到花栗鼠唱歌时，他决定收留这三只花栗鼠。大卫将花栗鼠三人组介绍给伊恩，但花栗鼠们因怯场决定不表演。当花栗鼠在不知不觉中通过在演示板上画画和写字毁坏他的演示板时，大卫最终被解雇了他的广告工作。一天晚上，一位名叫克莱尔的女子来到大卫的住处，她自称是大卫的前女友。当阿尔文不顾大卫的警告现身时，克莱尔过早地离开了。第二天，大卫参观了伊恩的豪宅，花栗鼠在那里唱了一首大卫写的歌，促使伊恩达成唱片合约。
花栗鼠们迅速在全国取得成功，但大卫开始担心他们的福利，觉得他们还太年轻，无法成名并漫游人类社会的遥远角落。在与大卫发生误会后，花栗鼠搬出去和伊恩住在一起。觉得伊恩可能是三人组获利和受益的唯一来源，花栗鼠们开始了全国巡回演出。然而，在几乎不停地工作之后，主要是由于伊恩的压力，花栗鼠们开始感到疲惫，但伊恩建议花栗鼠们多假唱，而不是长时间休息。由于他们的音乐会定于在欧菲姆剧院举行，大卫在克莱尔的支持下潜入了场地。大卫在表演期间向花栗鼠大声喊叫，并且知道伊恩一直在密谋这个理论，三人组脱下他们的衣服并在舞台上引起骚动。大卫因活动安全而受阻，而伊恩将花栗鼠锁在笼子里，计划让三人组进行全球巡回演出。大卫试图说服伊恩放过花栗鼠，说它们需要真实的生活，但只能被忽视。伊恩乘坐豪华轿车逃脱，而大卫则在追捕。当大卫失去伊恩时，花栗鼠们出人意料地赶来并与大卫和解。伊恩透露花栗鼠已经逃脱并用会说外国语的洋娃娃取而代之，这最终预示着伊恩的事业垮台。
本為1958年由Ross Bagdasarian以錄音技術所製作之唱片《花栗鼠之歌》（The Chipmunk Song，又名Christmas Don't Be Late），於該年耶誕節前所發售。將一般人的聲音快轉，形成較高頻率的聲音，聽起來相當具有喜感。因此當年唱片大賣，並且連續四年進入美國唱片公信榜的流行歌曲排行榜中（直到1963年才另外開啟「聖誕歌曲」項目）。
1960年，才將三隻花栗鼠卡通化；而在1987年再度重畫卡通，並推出《小花鼠歷險記（英语：The Chipmunk Adventure）》（The Chipmunk Adventure），該部卡通在台灣亦有播映。而本電影《鼠來寶》是初次以3D造型出現在電影中。
該部卡通亦推出電影原聲帶。除將當年最膾炙人口的《花栗鼠之歌》、《巫醫（Witch Doctor）》以hip-hop風格重新詮釋外，亦將一些於80、90年代紅遍一時之歌曲重唱，如《Funky Town》等。
白澤精恠圖

《白泽精恠图》是于敦煌莫高窟藏经洞出土的敦煌文献残卷，记述鬼怪的前兆和发生的灾祸现象，并介绍这些现象的回避方法。目前该残卷仅此两卷，一卷在法国国家图书馆收藏，编号为Pelliot chinois 2682（P.2682）；另一卷则保存在大英图书馆，编号为Or.8210（S.6261）。
《白泽精怪图》又名《白泽图》，相传白泽能认知天下的妖怪，共11,520种。《白泽精怪图》在中古时期幾乎到了家手一冊的程度。書中記有各種神怪的名字、相貌和驅除的方法，並配有神怪的圖畫，人們一旦遇到怪物，就會按圖索驥加以查找。后来《白泽精怪图》已失传，现存只有敦煌残卷。
在P.2682中，所记载的精怪有199种，配有20幅彩色插图（其中两幅现已残缺），卷末有题记“《白泽精恠图》一卷，卌一纸成”。第1-3幅插图描绘的是夜晚呼唤长妇、次妇和少妇名字的老鸡，第四幅插图描述一群赤裸上身的儿童，抬着带火光的拖车；第5幅是夜间冒出火光的腰带；第6幅是一间房子，前面坐着一个人；第7幅描述一只名叫“神行”的雉鸡飞进房屋里；第9幅插图描绘一只五色人面鸟，根据右边的文字描述为“似”，“似”的下面还有一只白翼双头鸟，名叫“蚋蚨”，另一只头已经残缺；第12幅插图描绘一只老鼠爬在一棵树上，与下方从水上流下的鱼相结合；第18幅和第20幅插图残缺，因此内容未知。文字部分引用了《抱朴子·登涉》的内容，之后的“上屏而畏者，呼曰申储”的“储”字为后来加上。
S.6261中首项图文皆缺，第二项缺文，第八、九项缺图。图文描述可能是《搜神记》第12卷的内容。
Test tube holder

A test tube holder is used to hold test tubes. It is used for holding a test tube in place when the tube is hot or should not be touched. For example, a test tube holder can be used to hold a test tube while it is being heated. Moreover, when heating the tube with liquid or solid contained inside, the holder ought to tightly hold a test tube in order for the tube to be safely held while heating.
Particularly, for liquid heating, when holding a test tube holder with a test tube, hold it such that it aligns with the lab bench and also point the open end of the tube away from yourself or anyone nearby.
Additionally, while using a test tube holder, the proper distance between the test tube holder and the top of the test tube is approximately 3 centimetres.
Structurally, jaws of a test tube holder are self-closed by a spring and can be manually adjusted.
The purpose of a test tube holder is to be used only to hold a test tube as it is not structured for flasks or other heavier objects. It also is used when wanting to burn something small that cannot be held using your hand.
A Girl Like Me (TV series)

A Girl Like Me (Chinese: 我就是这般女子; pinyin: Wǒ jiùshì zhè bān nǚzǐ) is an ancient costume romantic comedy directed by Chen Weixiang and Yang Xiaobo, starring Guan Xiaotong and Hou Minghao, Li Zonglin, Zhao Shunran, An Yongchang, Xia Nan and Jiang Haomin.
The play is adapted from the novel of the same name by Yue Xia Die Ying. It tells the story of the wealthy daughter Ban Hua and the family son Rong Xia who grow up hand in hand and love each other for a lifetime by chance and coincidence.
The series aired on Tencent Video on January 18, 2021.
This is a story of a demon girl who has been divorced three times and a gentleman who is the most talented and beautiful in the world hand in hand to abuse her. She is also a "bad luck" heroine who dreams of her own destiny. Ban Hua, who is outwardly outgoing and has a straightforward personality, but is actually kind and delicate, was inexplicably divorced three times. With a big personality, she did not change her straightforward style and faced the outside world, but unexpectedly found that she had The ability to predict the future through dreams. The dream that can predict the future makes the kind-hearted Banhua decide to help her family avoid bad luck.
At the same time, in order to understand the mystery of the extermination of the family, the peerless male protagonist Rong Xia devoted himself to chasing the truth of his life experience in court, and met such a woman Banhua by chance. The two work together to unlock the secret step by step and love each other for a lifetime.
Source:
In the opening scene of Banhua, the art team spent two months conducting three special seminars to finalize the conceptual design drawing and the actual scene landing plan, and the scene design was refined to street vendors; in order to better show the magnificent scene, this show The play used a group of 350 people, a lot of fireworks and horses, and it took four nights to shoot the 15-minute opening.
In terms of clothing styling, the team tried their best to restore the texture of the original novel, integrated Chinese classical elements and modern aesthetics, learned from others, and kept improving; at the same time, it also made exclusive customization according to different scenes and different characters, hand-sewn and cut, and the production process was extremely complicated; Among them, there are nearly 80 sets of Banhua's clothing. The pre-design and post-production period is as long as half a year. snow velvet coat.
Kulich

El Kulich (en ruso: кулич) es una torta de pan de Pascua, tradicional de la iglesia ortodoxa rusa y de la época de los zares.
Se trata de un pan preparado con masa dulce fermentada, mantequilla, yema de huevo, almendras trituradas y pasas sultanas maceradas en brandy y licor de almendras. Es un postre muy tradicional en Rusia y un símbolo del monte Gólgota, donde, según los evangelios, Jesucristo fue crucificado.
Los creyentes rusos, preparan el Kulich el Viernes Santo o también el sábado para que el sacerdote pueda bendecirlo antes de la noche del Domingo de Pascua. Se corta el domingo por la mañana temprano, y se consume tras la misa de Resurrección hasta que finaliza la Cuaresma.
El Kulich es muy parecido al panettone italiano.
El Kulich se hornea durante 30 minutos. Tras su reposo, se divide la masa en piezas de 0,450 kg., que se colocan en moldes redondos de unos 14 cm de diámetro. Una vez enfriado, se decora con pasas sultanas y almendras. Finalmente se escribe con azúcar glasé coloreado las letras XB (Христос воскресе, Cristo ha resucitado).
Hallulla

La hallulla (del árabe hispánico ḥallún, 'bollo de fiestas', y este del hebreo ḥallāh 'torta de pan ácimo consumida en la Pascua')​ es un tipo de pan blanco típico de Chile, oeste de Argentina (Neuquén, Río Negro y Mendoza), Bolivia, Ecuador (donde es llamada allulla)​ y Perú (particularmente del departamento de Cuzco),​ elaborado a base de harina refinada. Es un pan plano y redondo, y tiene una consistencia firme y semiesponjosa. En México, en la zona de la Comarca Minera de Real del Monte y Omitlán existe un pan denominado gayuya, que es una torta redonda hecha de sémola de trigo con piloncillo, de masa similar al cocol o al chimiztlán. Todo lo anterior hace pensar que son de origen judío sefardí como las semitas que existen en otros lugares de México y de América.
Probablemente tenga su origen en otro pan plano y redondo típico de España, la jallulla, aunque en la actualidad, son dos panes con preparaciones diferentes.
Desde un punto de vista dietético, 100 gramos de hallulla chilena equivalen a entre 309​ y 321​ calorías.
Este tipo de pan se elabora con seis ingredientes: harina de trigo, levadura, leche, agua tibia, sal y manteca.
En Ecuador, se prepara a base de harina de trigo, azúcar, sal y un toque de manteca de cerdo, se lo acompaña con queso de hoja de atsera.​​
En Chile, donde el consumo de pan factura anualmente más de USD 1 300 millones, el 20 % corresponde a la hallulla —el 70 % a la marraqueta, y el resto a la baguette, al «pan frica», y a los panes campesinos: churrasca, tortilla de rescoldo, pan amasado y el pan de Chiloé—.​​ Después de Turquía y Rusia, Alemania comparte el tercer puesto de consumidor de pan a nivel mundial con Chile,​ donde se consumen anualmente 89 kg por persona.​
Competición de alimentos

Las competiciones de alimentos o bebidas premian productos principalmente por su valor gustativo en forma de premio o medalla. Estas competencias o premios pueden ser clasificadas en diferentes categorías. La mayoría de las categorías son específicas al producto- tales como: vinos, cervezas y quesos. Otras están enfocadas en productos locales, regionales y nacionales. Por último, las competencias internacionales, las cuales evalúan todo tipo de alimentos y bebidas disponibles para el consumidor a nivel mundial. El vino es probablemente la bebida más degustada seguida por la cerveza y los licores. Existe una variedad de competencias de alimentos y bebidas alrededor del mundo, donde el sabor y la calidad de los productos son evaluados. La mayoría de las evaluaciones se realizan a ciegas, algunas veces son complementadas por análisis de laboratorio. El jurado, por lo general está conformado por un panel de expertos en degustación tales como Chefs o Sumilleres. El origen de estas degustaciones no es del todo claro; de todos modos, uno de los primeros reconocimientos registrados es el The Brewing Industry International Award el cual es originario de 1888[1]. Para productos alimenticios, dietéticos, saludables, cosméticos y artículos de higiene, Monde Selection es el más antiguo instituto official reconocido por la competencia de alimentos.​ Durante las últimas décadas, así como la variedad de productos en el mercado se ha incrementado, lo mismo ha sucedido con la cantidad de competencias y evaluaciones.
Para cubrir los costos de tales eventos (o al menos parte de ellos), la mayoría de las organizaciones cobran una tarifa por la inscripción. Como alternativa, los productores pagan una tarifa sólo si sus productos son premiados o si deciden promocionar el premio (por ejemplo, los derechos para exhibir el logo del premio en los envases[2]). En ambos casos, uno podría pensar que estos reconocimientos pueden ser comprados. Sin embargo, este no el caso ya que los productos son evaluados de manera independiente y son degustados a ciegas, y los jueces se enfocan exclusivamente en las características sensoriales u organolépticas (tales como el sabor, olfato, vista, aspecto.) y en la calidad de los productos sin la influencia del envase, marca, publicidad o ningún otro parámetro.
Otras competencias de vinos: International Wine Contest of Brussels International Wine Challenge San Francisco International Wine Competition Los Angeles International Wine & Spirits Competition Sydney International Wine Competition
Otros concursos de cerveza: World Beer Awards European Beer Star Golden Tap Awards en Wikipedia: Golden Tap Awards Monde Selection - International Quality Institute
Otros premios nacionales/regionales: Champion Beer Award Britain ChefsBest American Cheese Maker Awards Swiss Cheese Awards
Otros premios internacionales: Great Taste Award Monde Selection - International Quality Institute
Detalles del jurado ej, de The Brewing Industry International Awards Archivado el 26 de agosto de 2009 en Wayback Machine.
Pan de Pascua

Pan de Pascua is a Chilean cake traditionally eaten around Christmas time. Although "Pascua" primarily means Passover and secondarily means Easter, it also may mean Christmas and Epiphany. In Chile both Navidad and Pascua are used to refer to Christmas. Despite its name, it is a cake made from batter, and not a true bread. It is similar to a sweet sponge cake flavored with ginger and honey. It usually contains candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds. Pan de Pascua was originally introduced to Chile by German immigrants. The Chilean version combines characteristics of the German Stollen and the Italian Pandoro.
Forsyningsskip

Forsyningsskip (engelsk: platform supply vessel (PSV)) er skip som er spesialdesignet for å forsyne oljeplattformer til havs.
Skipene transportere primært gods og personell ut til oljeplattformer eller andre offshorekonstruksjoner. Skipene er i hovedsak mellom 20 og 100 meter lange.
Den primære funksjonen for de fleste av disse fartøyene er logistisk støtte, men mange kan også brukes til andre funksjoner som standby-skip (spørs hva skipet er klasset som) og seismikk. I de siste årene har en ny generasjon av Platform Supply Vessel komt på markedet, som regel utstyrt med klasse 1 eller klasse 2 Dynamic Positioning System.
Det er i hovedsak boreslam, pulverisert sement, drivstoff, drikkevann samt kjemikalier som brukes i boreprosessen, som tar opp mesteparten av lasterommet. Drivstoff, vann og kjemikalier er det nesten alltid behov for ved oljeplattformene, mens skipene på veg tilbake til land tar med seg kjemikalier fra plattformen som skal resirkuleres eller deponeres. Skipene har ofte store dekksareal til containere og annet utstyr som skal ut til installasjonene, eller tilbake til land.
Mange skip er konstruert (eller ombygget) for å utføre en spesiell jobb. Noen av disse fartøyene er utstyrt med Fi-Fi anlegg (vannkanoner) for å bekjempe plattformbranner. Noen skip er utstyrt med oljeoppsamlingsutstyr for å bistå i opprydding av utslipp til sjøs.
Meteorologisk stasjon

Værstasjon er et sted hvor det blir foretatt meteorologiske observasjoner og målinger. Værstasjoner er enten bemannede eller automatiserte. Stasjonene tjener ulikt formål, eksempelvis vindmåling, nedbørsmåling, siktmåling (særlig til havs), lufttrykksmåling, osv. Både faste stasjoner og værballonger kan dessuten ha radiosonder for overføring av automatiske data til anlegg på bakken. Enkelte stasjoner ved kysten kan i tillegg ha utstyr for å utføre oseanografiske observasjoner, eksempelvis måling av saltholdighet eller algemengde. Basert på værstasjonene avleses de meteorologiske fenomenene over større områder og gir grunnlag for å publisere værkart.
For værvarslingsformål eksisterer det et internasjonalt samarbeid for utveksling av meteorologiske observasjoner. Dette samarbeidet er koordinert av Verdens meteorologiorganisasjon (WMO). Disse observasjonene blir utført til samme tidspunkt og man kaller derfor slike observasjoner for synoptiske observasjoner. Tradisjonelt har synoptiske observasjoner vært utvekslet internasjonalt i SYNOP-formatet.
Meteorologisk institutt opererte fra 1948 et eget værskip - Polarfront . Dette ble som verdens siste i sitt slag tatt ut av drift i 2010 og erstattet av observasjon fra bøye. Meteorologisk institutt har samtidig tilgang til et økende antall værstasjoner på oljeplattformer langt til havs, eksempelvis utenfor Finnmark (Goliat), på Haltenbanken og på de største feltene i Nordsjøen.
Det er forskjellige typer meteorologiske stasjoner:
En værstasjon har som standard følgende meteorologiske måleinstrumenter:
Spesialiserte stasjoner kan ha flere måleinstrumenter i tillegg:
Oljeprisen

Oljeprisen fastsettes ved oljebørsen i London og ved råvarebørsen NYMEX i New York. Som standard for handel med oljelaster brukes spesielle oljekvaliteter som f.eks.
Oljeprisen er et viktig økonomisk rammevilkår etter hvert som samfunnet er blitt oljeavhengig. Energibehovet for transport og oppvarming forplanter seg også til andre deler av næringslivet. Kostnadene ved høy oljepris fører til at konsum av andre varer reduseres.
Prisen på olje var under $25/fat i september 2003, men august 2005 steg den til over $60/fat. Som et resultat av en stadig svekket dollar fortsatte oljeprisen sin ferd i 2006 og 2007. I januar 2008 brøt den gamle rekordprisen på $100 per fat (lettolje). Inflasjonsjustert oljepris fra desember 1979 var i juni 2006-dollar $100,52.
Bensinprisene nådde «all time high» i etterkant av Katrina-orkanen. Utsalgsprisen var nesten $3,04 per gallon i USA.
Oljeprisen steg kraftig første halvår i 2008 og nådde over $130, da den snudde og raste ned til under $40 i november 2008.
Under er en tabell over gjennomsnittlig årlig oljepris for oljekvalitetene Dubai (1970–1985 Arabian Light), Brent (1976–1983 Forties), Nigerian Forcados og WTI (West Texas Intermediate crude oil) i amerikanske dollar per fat:
Fallet i oljeprisen i andre halvdel av 2008 skyldtes finanskrisen som slo inn på lavere oljeforbruk og resesjon i flere verdensdeler.
Prisen på olje har tradisjonelt vært satt av OPEC. Redusert tilførsel av olje fra OPEC, og da spesielt Saudi-Arabia, har i enkelte perioder i historien ført til en ekstrem prisoppgang. Dette har vært relativt korte perioder, da prisen ellers har vært stabil. Verdensøkonomien har tilpasset seg oljeprisen enten den har vært høy eller lav, mens endringer i oljeprisen har ført til politiske og økonomiske omveltninger som ingen har unngått å merke.
De senere årene er betydningen av OPEC redusert av flere årsaker. Produksjonen utenfor OPEC utgjør halvparten av verdens energibehov og er økende, samtidig som store funn av olje i Afrika og Asia mer enn dekker opp for den økende etterspørselen. Den høye oljeprisen har gjort alternative energikilder lønnsomme og vil etter hvert dekke en større del av verdens energibehov.
Råolje

Råolje (engelsk: crude oil) er flytende petroleum og er et etterspurt salgsprodukt i hele verden med stor betydning for økonomien i kjøperland og selgerland. Begrepet råolje benyttes om olje før den er raffinert, men etter at oppløst vann og naturgass er fjernet.
Råolje blir transportert fra produksjonsstedet til markeder gjennom rørledning eller med tankskip.
I nyere tid har man funnet ut at råolje er svært kreftfremkallende dersom man lukter på den. Derfor anbefales det at man holder seg unna, og bruker gassmaske om man oppholder seg i nærheten.
Råolje (crude) klassifiseres etter sin opprinnelse (e.g., West Texas Intermediate, WTI eller Brent) og ofte etter tetthet eller viskositet (lettolje, intermediate eller tungolje); raffinerier kan også bruke uttrykk som søt, om lite innhold av svovel, eller sur, om mye svovel og krever mer raffinering. Hver råolje har unik molekyl-sammensetning som betegnes ved crude oil assay analysis i petroleumlaboratorier.
Crude oil benchmarks:
I 2007 var beskatningen av selskapers oljeinntekter svært ulike i de ulike oljeproduserende land, og skattenivået er viktig for investeringsbeslutningene. ved høye oljepriser er overskuddene også høye, og det lønner seg ekstra godt å produsere i lav-skatteland. Under slike prisforhold ønsker oljeselskapene ofte å produsere og investere mest mulig i land med lav oljebeskatning. Ved lave oljepriser er overskuddet derimot ganske lavt og det betyr mindre nominelt for selskapene om beskatningen er 10 %p høyere eller lavere.
I 2007 var statens totale produksjonsavgifter, royalties og beskatning av oljeselskapenes overskudd etter investering (EBIT) på 92 % i Libya, 85 % i Indonesia, 78 % i Russland, 76 % i Norge, 61 % i Alaska, 58 % i Venezuela, 55 % i Canada, og 50 % i Storbritannia. (Kilde: Economist, 3.november 2007, side 58)
Liste over land etter BNP

Liste over land etter BNP viser land i verden sortert etter deres bruttonasjonalprodukt (BNP), markedsverdien av alle endelige varer og tjenester produsert i et land i løpet av et år. Denne verdiskapingen angis som BNP målt i løpende amerikanske dollar ($) beregnet utfra markedskurser eller offentlige offisielle valutakurser. Tallene er altså ikke justert hverken for prisnivåer eller for kjøpekraft (PPP), men representerer snarere den direkte markedsverdien av verdiskapningen til den nominelle dollarverdien det året.
Den første listen inneholder data for 2015 fra Det internasjonale pengefondet (IMF). Den andre listen viser tilsvarende tall for 2010, og den tredje listen bringer Verdensbankens estimater for 2009. Listene inkluderer også tall for hele Verden, for EU, samt for flere økonomier som ikke anses å være land og noen avhengige territorier. Disse økonomiene er ikke rangert på listene, men er oppført for sammenlikning med tall for stater.
Fra 1978 var Japan verdens nest største økonomi etter USAs økonomi som lenge har vært overlegent størst. I løpet av årene etter Finanskrisen 2007–2010 mistet Japan sin posisjon til Kina, og Japan ble notert som verdens tredje største økonomi i februar 2011. Deretter følger Tyskland og Storbritannia.
Mange land oppviser til dels sterke endringer i BNP fra 2010 til 2015, og dette skyldes bare i sjeldne tilfeller en dramatisk realøkonomisk endring - som eksempelvis den økonomiske nedgangen i Libya, Russland og Ukraina. Vel så ofte vil store avvik skyldes endringer i valutakursene, som for eksempel for oljelandene inklusive Norge som har valutaer som svinger mot dollar påvirket av oljeprisene. Ofte kan da en betydelig nedgang i BNP målt i dollar, kamuflere en økning av BNP målt i den lokale valutaen, slik man så flere år under finanskrisen for Norges del. I andre tilfeller skyldes større endringer at målemetodene har blitt bedre, eller at tidligere års tall har vært feilrapportert som i tilfellet Hellas.
G7

G7 (Group of 7), tidligere G8, er et internasjonalt forum med syv industriland: Frankrike, Japan, Tyskland, Storbritannia, USA, Italia og Canada. Med unntak av Canada var dette de opprinnelige landene som utgjorde G6 under etableringen i 1975. Canada kom med som det sjuende landet i 1976. Russland var medlem mellom 1998 og 2017, da het gruppen G8. Den europeiske union (EU) møter som fast representant på G7s toppmøter.
G7-landene møtes årlig for økonomiske og politiske samtaler mellom sine statsoverhoder, og mellom andre politikere og embedsverk. Det viktigste unntaket er G7-gruppens finansministermøte, som møtes flere ganger i året og diskuterer politiske og økonomiske temaer. G7 er av noen (særlig kritikere) blitt kalt en «uoffisiell verdensregjering».
De årlige møtene er ofte mål for antiglobaliseringsprotester. Foran G8-toppmøtet i Skottland i 2005 ble konsertarrangementet Live 8 arrangert samtidig i alle G8-landene, for å forsøke å presse G8-lederne til å slette all u-landsgjeld og gjøre slutt på sult og fattigdom i Afrika. Det ble også avholdt en konsert i Johannesburg i Sør-Afrika for å markere Afrika og kontinentets problemer. Høye mat- og oljepriser, klimaforandringer samt Afrikas utvikling står høyt på dagsordenen.
USA, Japan, Tyskland, Storbritannia, Frankrike og Italia etablerte G6 (Gruppen av seks) som et samarbeidsforum for sine statsledere i 1975, og Canada sluttet seg til året etter. Russland møtte G7-landene i 1994, ble invitert i 1997 og ble i 1998 formelt medlem av G8-forumet, men uten å forplikte seg fullt og helt til det økonomiske samarbeidet.
Russland ble 24. mars 2014 utestengt fra G8 som en reaksjon på annekteringen av den ukrainske Krim-halvøya.
Lokaliseringen av de årlige møtene roterer årlig mellom medlemmene i følgende rekkefølge: Frankrike, USA, Storbritannia, Tyskland, Japan, Italia, Canada. Mens Russland var medlem, var landet plassert mellom Storbritannia og Tyskland i rotasjonen. Møtet som var planlagt i Sotsji, Russland, i juni 2014 ble avlyst etter at Russland ble kastet ut av det som da var G8.
Oljesand

Oljesand, også kalt tjæresand, oljeimpregnert sand, naturlig asfalt eller bituminøse bergarter, er en blanding av sand eller leire, vann, og spesielt tung råolje. Det må ikke forveksles med oljeskifer, som er innkapslet i bergarter.
Konvensjonell råolje blir enkelt hentet opp fra grunnen ved å bore brønner ned i sedimenter der lett eller mellomtung olje er flytende under naturlig reservoartrykk. Oljesand må derimot hentes ut i dagbrudd eller ved hjelp av damp eller kjemiske løsningsmidler som kan gjøre oljen flytende.
Råmaterialet blir prosessert eller oppgradert før det kan gå inn i produksjonen ved konvensjonelle raffinerier. Oppgraderingen skjer i tre trinn:
Disse prosessene bruker mye vann og krever store mengder energi.
Den tunge råoljen eller rå bitumen som blir utvunnet har høy viskositet eller er i fast form ved normal temperatur og trykk. Prosessering til bensin, diesel eller andre oljeprodukter er vanskelig og kostbar. Likevel blir nå oljesand utvunnet i stort omfang og konvertert til syntetisk olje eller raffinert i spesielle anlegg.
Oljesand ble tatt i bruk som råvare i det gamle Mesopotamia og blant kanadiske First Nations. I nyere tid ble den første gang utvunnet nær byen Pechelbronn, der dampseparasjon ble tatt i bruk 1742.
Det er kjente oljesandforekomster i mer enn sytti land. Tre firedeler av den totale reserven finnes i to land: Canada og Venezuela. Begge disse to landene har oljesandreserver i samme størrelsesorden som verdens totale reserve av konvensjonell råolje.
Med økte oljepriser som gjør utvinning og oppgradering til brukbare oljeprodukter lønnsom, er det først siden 2006 at oljesand har blitt regnet med til verdens oljereserver. Oljesand kan representere opptil 2/3 av verdens totale petroleumsressurs, med minst 1,7 billioner fat (270 km³) i det kanadiske Athabasca Oil Sands og estimerte 513 milliarder fat ekstra tungolje i Venezuelas Orinocobelte., sammenlignet med 1,75 billioner fat (278 km³) konvensjonell olje totalt i verden.
I 2007 overtok Statoil (Daværende StatoilHydro) et 1.110 km² område i Athabasca-regionen i Alberta, Canada. Et anlegg for prøveproduksjon av 10 000 fat produsert ekstra tungolje per dag ble planlagt å starte i slutten av 2009, med en opptrapping til 200.000 fat per dag i 2020.
Oil reserves in Cuba

Estimates of total oil reserves in Cuba are varied, and depend mainly on estimations of undiscovered offshore deposits in the North Cuba Basin. Proved crude oil reserves were 124 million barrels as of 2013.
Cuba has three producing offshore oil fields within 5 km of its north coast.
A 2004 partnership between Spanish oil company Repsol-YPF and Cuba's state oil company Cupet estimated Cuba's off-shore reserves to be able to ultimately produce between 4.6 and 9.3 billion barrels of crude oil. Also in 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that the North Cuba Basin had a 95% probability of having at least 1.1 billion barrels, and a 5% chance of having 9.4 billion barrels; the most likely volume was 4.6 billion barrels of undiscovered oil.
In October 2008, the Cuban government announced that its likely oil reserves were more than double that which was previously believed, and its total reserves were probably 20 billion barrels, mostly in the offshore. If the estimates are accurate, then Cuba would have one of the top 20 reserves in the world.
By 2010 an active leasing program for blocks of the ocean floor north and west of Cuba was underway. No U.S. companies participated due to the United States embargo against Cuba. Private companies and state-owned firms, from Brazil, India, Norway, Russia, Spain, Venezuela, Vietnam took leases. Despite the areas leased being close to tourist areas in Florida and Cuba, Cuba does not have the equipment or expertise to handle a major oil spill.
In 2012, three deepwater (more than 300 meters of water) exploration wells were drilled by the Italian platform Scarabeo 9 (owned by Saipem, for different oil companies : one for Repsol was finished in May, one for Petronas and Gazpromneft, finished in August, and finally one for PdVSA, finished in late October. None of the three found commercial quantity of oil or gas, which jeopardized Cuba's hope to find hydrocarbons to boost its economy, and prompted Repsol to relinquish its concessions in this country The planned departure of the only deep-water drilling rig available in the fall of 2012 set the detailed exploration program necessary back for a period of years. There remain unexplored deep-water leases held by Vietnamese and Angolan firms and drilling was planned on a shallow-water prospect east of Havana by Zarubezhneft, a Russian company, using a Norwegian rig.
Condeep

Condeep is a make of gravity-based structure for oil platforms invented and patented by engineer Olav Mo in 1972, which were fabricated by Norwegian Contractors in Stavanger, Norway. Condeep is an abbreviation for concrete deep water structure. A Condeep usually consists of a base of concrete oil storage tanks from which one, three or four concrete shafts rise. The Condeep base always rests on the sea floor, and the shafts rise to about 30 meters above the sea level. The platform deck itself is not a part of the construction.
The Condeep is used for a series of production platforms introduced for crude oil and natural gas production in the North Sea and Norwegian continental shelf.
Following the success of the concrete oil storage tank on the Ekofisk field, Norwegian Contractors introduced the Condeep production platform concept in 1973.
This gravity-based structure for a platform was unique in that it was built from reinforced concrete instead of steel, which was the norm up to that point. This platform type was designed for the heavy weather conditions and the great water depths often found in the North Sea.
Condeep has the advantage that it allows for storage of oil at sea in its own construction. It further allows equipment installation in the hollow legs well protected from the sea. In contrast, one of the challenges with steel platforms is that they only allow for limited weight on the deck compared with a Condeep where the weight allowance for production equipment and living quarters is seldom a problem.
The Troll A platform is the tallest Condeep to date. It was built over a period of four years, using a workforce of 2,000, and deployed in 1995 to produce gas from the enormous Troll oil field. With a total height of 472 metres (1,549 ft), Troll A was the tallest object that has ever been moved to another position, relative to the surface of the Earth. Many sources incorrectly state that it was also the largest structure of any kind to be moved but the Gullfaks C was in fact heavier. The total weight of the Troll A Condeep when launching was 1.2 million tons. 245,000 m³ of concrete and 100,000 tons of steel for reinforcement were used. The amount of steel corresponds to 15 Eiffel towers. The platform is placed at a depth of 300 meters. For stability, it is dug 35 meters into the sea floor.
Gullfaks C rests 217 metres (712 ft) below the sea surface and has a total height of 380 metres (1,250 ft). Gullfaks C was the heaviest object that has ever been moved to another position, relative to the surface of the Earth with a total displacement between 1.4 and 1.5 million tons.
Norwegian paradox

The Norwegian paradox is a dilemma of Norway's economic performance where economic performance is strong despite low R&D investment.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has described Norway's economic performance as a "paradox". Other scholars also refer to it as a "puzzle". The concept has been developed due to the combination of low innovation and high economic performance in the country. Even when the rents of oil and gas sector are excluded, Norway's productivity and income are among the highest in the world. However, at the same time Norwegian R&D investment has a relatively small share of the country's GDP compared to other industrial economies.
The Schumpeterian Approach plays an important role in the theoretical perspective of innovation-and-growth literature. Joseph Schumpeter analysed the role of radical innovations and evaluated the importance of their influences on the economic system. Other scholars such as Freeman and Nelson continued the research by emphasizing the paradigmatic- and sector-specific views of the whole technological change process combined with the economic growth.
Although the concept of Norwegian "paradox" has been used in the literature, other researchers have presented further analysis and critique. Fagerberg posits that the "paradox" should be analysed by combining three interrelated aspects of Norwegian economic development: innovation, path dependence, and policy. Norway's innovative performance had been scientifically influenced by the ability of Norwegian entrepreneurs, firms, and public sector actors. They were able to understand the hidden opportunities, mobilize resources, adopt current capabilities and develop new ones, and development of appropriate institutions and policies helped to support successful growth.
Furthermore, the historical development of Norway's national innovation system was impacted by path dependence. Norway has not been successful in developing non-resource based industries, yet managed to achieve substantial results in resource-based industry development and resource-based innovation elaboration. Norway's resource-based sectors have beneficially contributed to developing knowledge and adapting to new challenges. Finally, Norwegian institutions and politics managed to extend a relatively narrow definition of science, technology, and innovation policy. Due to this, broad perspective of innovation systems was successfully implemented.
Other scholars have suggested different analyses of the Norwegian "paradox". Fulvio Castellacci argued that characterization of Norway's economy as a combination of low innovation and high economic performance is inaccurate; the problem is not with innovative activities yet as it is commonly believed; it is more related to the sectoral composition of the economy.
Ish kevin

SEMANA Kevin umaze kwamamara munjyana ya hipop uzwi ku izina rya Ish kevin ni umuraperi hano mu u Rwanda akaba tariki28/5/2023 yaje gutangariza abakunzi be ko agiye gusohora album ye yambere yise Blood,Sweat and Tears ni mugihe yaramaze gukora mixtap ebyiri na IP ebyiri kuva yatangira urugendo rwe rwa muzika mumwaka wa 2019
Ish Kevin uri mu bahanzi bagezweho cyane mu muziki Nyarwanda ugezweho cyane cyane mu jyana ya Trappish Music.
Kuri ubu uyu muhanzi ufatwa nk’uyoboye ikiragano gishya, yamaze gushinga inzu ye itunganya umuziki yise Trappish Records, ihereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Kacyiru
Uyu muhanzi yaganiriye na radio 1 yabajijwe icyamuteye Studio ye nk’umuhanzi ukiri muto yakagombye kuba yarakozemo ibindi.
Ish Kevin yasubije umunyamakuru ko we urukundo akunda umuziki aricyo kintu cyatumye agira igitekerezo cyo gushinga Studio. Ish Kevin yakomeje avuga ko iyo nzu ifunguye umuryango no ku bandi bahanzi niyo baba bakora izindi njyana zitandukanye.
IBYISHIMO KURI ISH KEVIN

Ish Kevin yagizwe umuraperi wa mbere mwizawomurwanda w’icyumweru ku isi yose na Radiyo yo mu Bufaransa yitwa Mouv’, iri mu zikomeye muri iki gihugu giherereye ku mugabane w’u Burayi.
Uyu muhanzi yahawe uyu mwanya asimbuye Olamide wo muri Nigeria wari uherutse gutorwa n’iyi radiyo, mu kiganiro gikorwa na Dj First Mike.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE Ish Kevin yavuze ko nta ruhare yagize kugira ngo iyi radiyo imenye umuziki we, ahubwo ari ugukora cyane bikomeje kuwumenyekanisha ahantu hose kandi urugendo rugikomeje.
Yavuze ko yatunguwe ubwo yabonaga iyi Radiyo izi ibihangano ndetse n’amateka ye mu muziki.
Yagaragaje ko bivuze ikintu kinini mu muziki nyarwanda, kandi bikaba byerekana ko ukomeje gutera imbere kandi ntaho utazagera.
Ati ‘‘Bivuze ko ngomba gukora cyane. Ko nta hantu tutazagera. Binyereka ko umuziki wanjye uzambuka imipaka ukagera aho ntekereza ko uzagera. Ni ibintu bikomeye kuba ikinyamakuru nka Mouv’, cyampaye icyubahiro nk’umuraperi mwiza ku isi ukomoka muri Afurika. Ni iby’agaciro.’’
Akomeza ati ‘‘Ibi byose bizashoboka ariko mu gihe Abanyarwanda bakomeza gushyigikira umuziki wacu umunsi ku wundi bakabona ko wakwambuka imipaka bakatwizera. Bakabona amashusho atandukanye n’ayo batubonamo. Batubonemo icyizere.’’
Ish Kevin ku mazina asanzwe yitwa Semana Kevin Ishimwe. Yavutse mu 1997, ni umwe mu bahanzi bari kwitwara neza mu muziki wa Hip Hop ndetse araharawe cyane cyane ku bakoresha imbugankoranyambaganka boom music spotfy youtube .
Uyu muhanzi umuziki wa Trap Music akora yawuhaye inyito ya “Trappish Music’’.
Ish Kevin yatangiye umuziki mu 2017, amaze gukora indirimbo nyinshi zitandukanye. Avuga ko afite gahunda y’uko namara kugera kure azafasha abandi bahanzi bazaba batarazamuka ndetse aheruka gushinga studio yise Trappish Studio mu rwego rwo gufasha bagenzi be.
Mouv’ yamuhaye icyubahiro nk’umuraperi mwiza ku isi , ni radiyo imaze igihe kinini cyane ko yatangiye imirimo yayo guhera mu 1997. Iyi radiyo ikora ibiganiro byibanda ku rubyiruko.
Ni ishami rya Radio France iri mu zimaze igihe kinini yarashinze imizi mu Bufaransa. Iherereye mu Mujyi wa Toulouse.
AMASHAKIRO
Etran Finatawa

Etran Finatawa ni itsinda rya muzika riherereye muri Nigeri, ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2004 mu birori byitwa festival au Désert byabereye hafi ya Timbuktu, muri Mali. Umuziki wa Etran Finatawa uhuza umuziki gakondo w'abantu ba Wodaabe na Tuareg n'ibikoresho bya muzika byo mu burengerazuba nka gitari y'amashanyarazi.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 bazengurutse cyane ku mugabane w'Iburayi, Amerika, Kanada no muri Ositaraliya. Mu mwaka wa 2007, alubumu yabo ya mbere yitwa Introducing Etran Finatawa (yo mu mwaka wa 2006) yatorewe guhatanira igihembo cya Radio BBC kikaba Igihembo cy'umuziki w'isi. Basohoye follow-up, Desert Crossroads, mu 2008, naho 2010 basohora Tarkat Tajje / Reka tugende . Muri 2013, itsinda ryasohoye alubumu yabo ya kane yitwa, The Sahara Sessions .
Izina ry'itsinda risobanura "inyenyeri gakondo".