davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Phoenix loureiroi

Phoenix loureiroi (commonly known as the mountain date palm, vuyavuy palm, or voyavoy palm,) is a species of flowering plant in the palm family, indigenous to southern Asia, from the Philippines, Taiwan, India, southern Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Pakistan, and China. It occurs in deciduous and evergreen forests and in clear terrain from sea level to 1,500 m altitude.
Phoenix loureiroi is named after João de Loureiro; it was originally written by Kunth as "loureirii", but this is an error to be corrected to loureiroi under the provisions of the ICBN.
Phoenix loureiroi contains solitary and clustering plants with trunks from 1–4 m high and 25 cm in width, usually covered in old leaf bases. The leaves vary to some degree but usually reach 2 m in length with leaflets wide at the base and sharply pointed apices. The leaflets emerge from the rachis at varying angles creating a stiff, plumose leaf.
The fruit is a single-seeded drupe, bluish-black when ripe, produced on erect, yellow inflorescences, usually hidden within the leaf crown. The species is noted for its variability in different habitats.
There are two varieties, based on the presence or absence of sclerotic, tannin-filled cells along the midribs and margins of leaflets:
Fibers from P. loureiroi var. loureiroi, known locally as "vuyavuy palm" (also spelled "voyavoy"), are used to make the distinctive vakul headgear and kanayi vests of the Ivatan people in the Batanes Islands of the northern Philippines.
Punkah

A punkah, also pankha (Urdu: پَنکھا, Hindi: पंखा, paṅkhā), is a type of fan used since the early 6th century BC. The word pankha originated from pankh, the wings of a bird which produce a current of air when flapped.
In its original sense in the Indian subcontinent, pankha (a Hindi word) typically describes a handheld fan made from a single frond of palm or a woven square of bamboo strips, rattan or other plant fibre, that can be rotated or fanned. These small handheld devices are still used by millions when ceiling fans stop working during frequent power outages.
In the colonial age, the word came to be used in British India and elsewhere in the tropical and subtropical world for a large swinging fan, fixed to the ceiling, pulled by a punkah wallah during hot weather. To cover a larger area, such as the inside of an office or a courthouse, a number of punkahs could be connected together by strings so that they would swing in unison. The material used could range from utilitarian rattan to expensive fabrics. The date of this invention is not known, but it was familiar to the Arabs as early as the 8th century. It was not commonly used in India before the end of the 18th century.
The electric fan largely supplanted it in barracks and other large buildings at the beginning of the 20th century.
The term punkah louvre refers to the directional outlet for cool air in aircraft, particularly those over the passenger seats.
In India, the punkhawallah or pankha wallah was the servant who operated the fan, often using a pulley system.
Aalavattam

Aalavattam (Malayalam: ആലവട്ടം from Sanskrit आलावर्ता) is a special decorative circular shield or fan that is held beneath both sides of respectable idols, deities or mythological characters during festivals and dances, especially in the state of Kerala in South India. The object is peculiar to the state of Kerala in India and the name originates from Malayalam (ml).
The shield is made of finely shaped and cut peacock feathers aligned in a circular fashion around a wooden or fiber plaque with traditionally dictated decorative patterns made of other natural objects such as sea shells etc.
Aalavattam is an essential element to be held atop the elephants during the poorams of South India where caparisoned elephants are marched in an organized and controlled procession as part of the annual local temple festival. Each elephant will have two or three persons atop, one of whom is dedicated to hold a pair of alavattam. During special phases of the accompanying percussion orchestra (Panchavadyam, Pandi Melam or Panchari Melam), the person shall raise up on the back of elephant and hold the alavattams high up above his shoulders.
A typical use of aalavattam in staged art performance can be seen during special appearance scenes of certain protagonist characters in Kathakali dance.
Priya Prakash Varrier

Priya Prakash Varrier (born 28 October 1999) is an Indian actress who works in Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil and Hindi films. Her wink in the film Oru Adaar Love (2019) went viral, making her the most searched-for personality through Google in India in 2018.
Priya was born on 28 October 1999 to Prakash Varrier, a Central Excise Department employee, and Preetha, a homemaker at Punkunnam, Thrissur, in Kerala.
She did her schooling at Sandeepani Vidya Nikethan, Thrissur. In 2018, she enrolled in a Bachelor of Commerce course at Vimala College, Thrissur.
Her first appearance in cinema came with Oru Adaar Love, a romantic drama set in a school, she played the role of Priya alongside several newcomers. The song from the film "Maanikya Malaraya Poovi" was released on YouTube and included Priya winking. Her wink was said to have gone viral and became an overnight sensation.
In 2019, she sang a song "Nee Mazhavillu Polen", with Naresh Iyer for the film Finals. She was cast in the Hindi film Sridevi Bungalow alongside Arbaaz Khan, which was languishing in post-production as of January 2020, due to criticism and lawsuits filed by late actress Sridevi's family. The film has not been released as of 2024. Her first Kannada film Vishnupriya is yet to be released.
She made her Telugu debut in Check (2021) in which she played a honey trapper opposite Nithin and Rakul Preet Singh.
Corypha

Corypha or the gebang palm, buri palm or talipot palm is a genus of palms (family Arecaceae), native to India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Queensland). They are fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae), and the leaves have a long petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets.
All are large palms with leaves ranging from 2–5 metres in length. They reach heights of 20–40 m and with a trunk diameter of up to 1-2.5 m. All the species are monocarpic and die after flowering. The genus is relatively slow growing and can take many years to form a trunk.
Species include:
In the Philippines, buri trees, like the sago palm, are used as sources of starch made into starch balls called landang. These are traditionally cooked into various desserts and dishes, most notably the binignit.
The leaves are often used for thatching or can be woven into baskets, etc. Three kinds of fibres, namely buri (unopened leaf fibers), raffia (mature leaf fibers), and buntal (leaf petiole fiber), may be obtained from the plant. The midrib of the leaves are also used for weaving hats in the Philippines known as calasiao hats. The Buntal Hat Festival is celebrated in Baliuag, Bulacan yearly every 6th of May.
Canal de distribución

Un canal de distribución es el conjunto de organizaciones y personas que facilitan el proceso de comercialización de un producto o servicio, desde su origen en el fabricante hasta su llegada al consumidor o usuario final. Es el mecanismo a través del cual la distribución, como función económica, se materializa y se adapta a las necesidades específicas de cada sector.
Los canales de distribución cumplen diversas funciones que agregan valor al producto o servicio:
En esencia, un canal de distribución está conformado por empresas o individuos (intermediarios) que facilitan el flujo del producto desde el fabricante hasta el comprador o usuario final.​
Existen tres tipos principales de intermediarios:
Los canales de distribución se clasifican en dos niveles principales:
Es importante señalar que la longitud del canal no siempre se correlaciona directamente con el precio final. Un producto comprado directamente al productor (ej., vino en una bodega) puede ser más caro que en un establecimiento comercial.
Distribución mundial

La distribución mundial es un término utilizado para referirse por lo general a un producto que es distribuido a nivel mundial. La distribución del objeto es variable pero mayoritariamente estos son bienes económicos que al principio son distribuidos a nivel nacional, es decir, en el país de origen (aunque no necesariamente debe originarse en un país), luego estos adquieren más popularidad y básicamente son exportados a otras naciones, siendo así bienes que han tenido una distribución mundial.
Para que un producto sea distribuido a nivel mundial, este debe alcanzar una gran popularidad, es decir, que este sea exitoso. Aunque la distribución del producto no solo se deberá a su popularidad, sino también a la popularidad que tenga la empresa que distribuirá el producto y el presupuesto que tenga la misma.
Por lo general un producto común puede llegar a ser distribuido mundialmente, pero los más conocidos son los siguientes.
El producto no necesariamente debe ser de consumo (bebidas y alimentos), ya que existen otros tipos de productos, como los son los productos deportivos, como por ejemplo, los productos de la compañía Wilson Sporting Goods, cuya empresa está encargada en especializar dichos productos. A pesar de los productos deportivos también existen productos para el uso personal, cuyos productos son los que han tenido más distribución mundial. Esta clase de producto no es especificada ya que es una idea aleatoria para todo tipo de empresa y por lo tanto no tiene un dueño apropiado, uno de estos ejemplos pueden ser los guantes, ya que existen miles de guantes distribuidos por compañías diferentes, aun así todos estos son catalogados como el mismo producto.
Para que un producto adquiera popularidad y sea distribuido a nivel mundial este debe ser impulsado y la única forma es a través del mercadeo o Marketing, cuya forma consiste en la comercialización que le permitirá al producto ser administrado a través de un mercado y al adquirir fama tienda a mercadearse a través del mercadeo vial, es decir, que el producto sea trasladado a otros centros de comercio o mejor conocidos como los centros comerciales.
Una vez que el producto ya ha ocupado grandes cantidades de comercio se da la decisión de que este sea mercadeado mundialmente. Si el producto adquiere popularidad en las naciones externas se dará la idea de que el producto siga incrementando su mercadeo.
Este artículo incorpora contenido de la enciclopedia Girasol de Juan J. Gutierrez y Luis E. Rincón.
Cédula de identidad (Ecuador)

La Cédula de Identificación es el documento nacional de identidad en Ecuador antiguamente llamado cédula de ciudadanía y coloquialmente llamado "Cédula".
La, primera vez que se otorgó un documento de identidad en Ecuador fue en el año de 1925, era una especie de cuadernillo y contenían información como el nombre, huella dactilar en tinta indeleble, la firma del Intendente de Policía, algunos rasgos particulares como lunares, cicatrices y la altura del cedulado. en esos primero años existían cédulas de distintas categorías según sus las clases sociales, una elaborada en cuero para las clases altas que tenía un precio de cinco sucres; y para las clases pobres existían una cédula de papel simple.​
En 1936 se implementó el número de ciudadanía la cual venia impresa en la foto del ciudadano. Posteriormente, en 1944, se incorporaron timbres y sellos fiscales, y se comenzó a registrar con tinta el pulgar derecho y contaba con 6 dígitos.
En los años 1945 la principal innovación fue la introducción de colores, verde para los ciudadanos ecuatorianos, y color amarillo para los ciudadanos extranjeros y analfabetos, y en 1950 se complemento con el uso de la Oficina de Identificación, timbres fiscales y a la huella del dedo pulgar se sumó también las huellas de los dedos índices, medio y anular.
Durante el año de 1954, continuaba las cédulas para las distintas clases sociales y se continúan diferenciando por colores en esta época el cuadernillo venia laminado con el objetivo de conservar durante mayor tiempo. Para 1965 la cédula ya no es un cuadernillo sino un documento pequeño, viene plastificado y en dos colores, blanco para los ciudadanos y amarillo para ciudadanos analfabetos, menores de edad y extranjeros con un total de 9 dígitos.
En 1978 el principal cambio es el fondo del color de la foto, rojo para los ciudadanos mayores de edad, verde para los menores de edad y celeste para los extranjeros. ese modelo dura durante casi tres décadas hasta el año 2002 en el que se incorpora 12 seguridades en el papel, la impresión y la lámina.
En el año 2009 con los cambios tecnológicos vienen los mayores cambios. El documento deja de ser de papel y se introduce una tarjeta plástica (PVC) con un chip incorporado que contiene los datos biométricos del ciudadano.​
En el año 2021 el registro civil ecuatoriano decidió cambiar el antiguo nombre de Cédula de Ciudadanía por el de Documento nacional de identidad, y por recomendación de Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional posee nuevos elementos de seguridad, como la incorporación de un chip, firma electrónica y un código QR. En los cuales vienen información de su condición de donante, porcentaje de discapacidad y tipo de sangre.​​
Inmigración ecuatoriana en Canadá

La inmigración ecuatoriana en Canadá se refiere al fenómeno migratorio proveniente del país sudamericano de Ecuador o sus descendientes que residen actualmente en Canadá. Se han establecido principalmente en el área de Montreal y Toronto.​
El flujo migratorio empezó en los años 1970s a partir de sucesivos cambios en la ley de inmigración de Canadá.​
La mayoría de inmigrantes llegan usando el Skilled Work Program (Express Entry). Su perfil es de adultos de clase media de elevado nivel escolar y profesional.​
Según mediciones realizadas por el Centro de Estadísticas de Canadá se estiman alrededor de 18000 ecuatorianos, a pesar de que en sus estadísticas no se desagrega a los migrantes por país de origen, solo los agrupan como latinomericanos. Además no se cuentan a los descendientes de estos como hijos y nietos, que son registrados posteriormente como canadienses.​
Canadá continua con una política pro inmigración y anunció que ofrecerá la ciudadanía a más de un millón de inmigrantes de diferentes países hasta 2022​
Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Pólit

La Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Pólit (BEAEP) también conocida como Centro Cultural Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Pólit​ o simplemente Biblioteca Aurelio Espinosa Pólit,​ se encuentra en la localidad de Cotocollao al norte de Quito, en la cual además de existe un museo, y la colección más grande de mariposas ecuatorianas. Lleva el nombre de su fundador que la creó en 1929 y es considerada el mayor repositorio bibliográfico del Ecuador.​
La biblioteca cuenta con 300.000 ejemplares, entre el fondo antiguo ecuatoriano, el fondo antiguo extranjero y 16 fondos donados por escritores particulares.​
Cuanta con un área de hemeroteca con 7.000 títulos desde el siglo XIX a la actualidad.
En esa biblioteca se encuentran un manuscrito del Himno Nacional de la República del Ecuador escrito por Juan León Mera entre varios objetos que fueron parte de la historia de ilustres personajes ecuatorianos.​
En la actualidad la biblioteca ha ampliado sus servicios para ser un "Centro Cultural" que abra las puertas al público a través de sus museos presentando libros, pinturas, reliquias y objetos arqueológicos que han marcado la historia de Ecuador.
¿Dónde carajos está Umaña?

¿Dónde carajos está Umaña? es una telenovela colombiana producida por Caracol Televisión en 2012. Esta protagonizada por Diego Trujillo, Marcela Carvajal, Xilena Aycardi, Carolina López y Karoll Márquez. Se estrenó el 7 de mayo de 2012 y finalizó el 1 de febrero de 2013. Es comercializada internacionalmente bajo el nombre ¿Dónde diablos está Umaña?.
Es la historia, en forma humorística, de Patricio Umaña, un empresario organizador de eventos, quien después de muchos fracasos empresariales decide traer al país a la artista estadounidense apodada Lady Gaga, pero la mala suerte y las trabas burocráticas hacen que fracase en el intento. Patricio Umaña, acosado por proveedores, patrocinadores y seguidores de la artista se ve obligado a escapar con su refinada familia hacia la costa colombiana.
En su huida, llega a 'La Oportunidad', una pequeña y sencilla población de la costa colombiana en la que es confundido con el hijo del difunto Nepomuceno Feria, un habitante del pueblo. Patricio Umaña, mientras logra encontrarle una solución al problema en el que metió a su familia, aprovecha la confusión, y él junto a toda su familia, fingen ser los familiares del difunto, apodado popularmente 'Don Nepo', y se hacen pasar por gente oriunda de esta población costera.
Quién sabe dónde

Quién sabe dónde fue un programa de televisión de España de telerrealidad, presentado por Paco Lobatón y emitido por Televisión Española entre 1992 y 1998, cuya finalidad era encontrar personas desaparecidas. Fue uno de los programas de mayor popularidad y audiencia de los años 1990 en España, recibiendo también varios premios como el TP de Oro.​
La idea original del programa surge de una propuesta del diputado del CDS Francisco Javier Moldes Fontán en 1989, aceptada por el Congreso de los Diputados y que el PSOE presentó a Televisión Española en 1990.​ También se ha considerado una adaptación del programa italiano Chi l'ha visto?, estrenado por la RAI el 30 de abril de 1989.​
Tras diferentes borradores de guion y preproducción durante el año 1991, el programa se estrenó el 5 de marzo de 1992 en TVE 2, siendo presentado y dirigido por Ernesto Sáenz de Buruaga. A partir de su segunda temporada, estrenada en octubre de 1992, pasó a emitirse en el prime time de TVE 1, sustituyendo Paco Lobatón a Buruaga.​ En uno de los programas apareció el vidente Octavio Aceves, cosa que disgustó tanto a Lobatón que llegó a presentar su dimisión. Dicha dimisión no se llegó a hacer efectiva, ya que el periodista llegó a un acuerdo con la cadena para renegociar su contrato.​
El programa se despidió de antena en junio de 1998, tras ser vetado por TVE, siguiendo instrucciones del Gobierno de José María Aznar y de altos cargos provenientes del franquismo, por comenzar a investigar la trama de bebés robados. Esta trama era conocida desde 1982 por un artículo en Interviú, pero pasó desapercibida para la opinión pública hasta 2011 (oficialmente la causa fue que la productora de Lobatón, Redacción 7, y la cadena no llegaran a un acuerdo de renovación).
A lo largo de la historia del programa se presentaron 2.750 casos de desaparecidos, de los que un 70% fueron resueltos.​
En 2015, regresa el formato a TVE, con Paco Lobatón como presentador, siendo una sección del magacín La mañana de La 1.
En enero de 2018, el programa regresa al prime time La 1 bajo el nombre de Desaparecidos, y presentado por Silvia Intxaurrondo y copresentado por Paco Lobatón. El programa fue retirado en abril del mismo año por sus bajas audiencias.
En cada programa se daban a conocer los casos de ciudadanos desaparecidos que eran buscados por sus allegados. A lo largo del espacio se mostraban imágenes, reportajes y entrevistas en directo con los familiares de los desaparecidos, apelando a la audiencia a colaborar y aportar información para su localización.
A lo largo de su historia el programa promedió un 33% de cuota de pantalla, siendo líder habitual en su franja horaria.
El espacio alcanzó sus mejores registros en 1993, coincidiendo con el "Caso de las niñas de Alcácer".​ El 24 de marzo de 1993 logró situarse como el programa de emisión regular más visto del año, con 9.085.000 espectadores y un 54,0% de share. En total, durante 1993 Quién sabe dónde situó 23 de sus emisiones entre los 50 programas más vistos del año.
Isla Corazón

Isla Corazon is a naturally heart-shaped mangrove island, located on the Chone River estuary off the city of Bahía de Caráquez in Ecuador's coastal province of Manabi.
The uninhabited island is a nesting site to one of the largest frigate bird colonies in the Pacific, along with a host of other bird species. The island was expanded through the mangrove restoration efforts of the local fishermen and was named a National Wildlife Refuge shortly thereafter. This group of fishermen started Isla Corazon Tours and now give canoe-led tours of the mangrove ecosystem, departing from Puerto Portovelo, just up the road from San Vicente.
0°39′08″S 80°22′12″W﻿ / ﻿0.652127°S 80.369968°W﻿ / -0.652127; -80.369968
Global Volunteer Network

The Global Volunteer Network (GVN) is a Charitable Trust based in Wellington, New Zealand and offers volunteer opportunities in community projects throughout the world. GVN's vision is to support the work of local community organizations in developing countries through the placement of international volunteers. They believe that local communities are in the best position to determine their needs, and they provide volunteers to help them achieve their goals. The GVN-Foundation is the non-profit fundraising arm that provides financial assistance to these communities.
GVN was launched in December 2000 by Colin Salisbury, its Founder and President, after spending time volunteering in Ghana, West Africa. While Salisbury was there he saw the tremendous difference volunteers could make in helping local organisations achieve their goals.
Salisbury has extensive volunteer experience both locally and internationally with time spent in Ecuador, Ghana, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Thailand. His background is in Community Development and holds a master's degree in International Development.
In 2007 Bill Gates (Microsoft's co-founder and leading philanthropist) recommended Global Volunteer Network as a first port of call for young people who want to make a difference in the world during an interview with America's ’Newsweek’ Gates said “Two places to get started are Network for Good and Global Volunteer Network.”
GVN currently offers volunteer placements through their partner organisations in 21 countries: Cambodia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, Kenya, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, South Africa, Thailand, Uganda, USA, and Vietnam.
GVN also partners with UniversalGiving, an online nonprofit organization to offer their volunteer placements in countries listed above.
GVN also offer fundraising treks that give participants the opportunity to explore some of the world's highest peaks while providing orphan children with shelter, food, clothing, education, and medical care. GVN currently have treks planned to Mt. Everest Base Camp, Machu Picchu and Mt. Kilimanjaro.
GVN also offer a program for social entrepreneurs called Be the Change. The week-long program, led by Colin Salisbury, takes participants through a series of workshops that focus on identifying and developing skills.
In 2002 GVN placed 240 volunteers, and in 2008 they placed almost 2000 volunteers. Altogether they have placed over 20,000 volunteers.
Colin Salisbury co-founded the GVN Foundation in 2005 with Courtney Montague after witnessing the impact that resources combined with volunteering could make in a community. The vision of the GVN Foundation is to support the charitable and educational work of local community organizations in various countries through the distribution of financial, in-kind and material donations.
The GVN Foundation is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt nonprofit organization in the United States. In July 2009 the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) granted special consultative status to the GVN Foundation.
WorldTeach

WorldTeach is a non-governmental organization that provided opportunities for individuals to live and work as volunteer teachers in developing countries. It was founded in 1986 by a group of Harvard University students, including economist Michael Kremer. Approximately 300 volunteers were annually placed in year-long and summer programs, with more than 7,500 placed.
In April 2019, WorldTeach ceased its volunteer operations to continue exploring how best it could champion its work in serving the global community with education.
All volunteers for year-long programs must be enrolled in or have completed four year college programs, with most volunteers being recent graduates.
Most volunteers teach the English language, and some teach information technology, mathematics, science, accounting, and HIV/AIDS education. Typically WorldTeach partners with Ministries of Education, who identify the needs that WorldTeach volunteers can help them address.
Volunteer placements vary widely in the size of the community (300 people to 7 million), age of the students (elementary to adult), and living situation (homestay or apartment). Like the Peace Corps, volunteers may go to a wide range of countries, and WorldTeach volunteers apply to and are accepted to particular country placements. WorldTeach currently has year-long programs in American Samoa, Ecuador, the Marshall Islands, Namibia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
For year-long programs, which require a four-year college degree, costs are shared between the hosting educational organization and WorldTeach volunteers. Included are housing placements, visa sponsorship, health and emergency evacuation insurance, 24-hour field staff support, three-four weeks of in-country orientation (including language and teacher training) and a monthly stipend roughly equal to a local teacher's salary.
Summer programs are in Ecuador, India, Morocco, Namibia, and South Africa. Volunteers need not have a college degree, although most are current college students. These programs are not funded by WorldTeach's in-country partners and students usually pay for them through scholarships, out-of-pocket, or obtain college credit.
In April 2019, WorldTeach's board of directors voted to cease in-country programs, a model that proved to be unsustainable given the scale, cost structure, and the current market.
El Comercio (Ecuador)

El Comercio is a daily Ecuadorian newspaper in Quito. It covers news from inside and outside the country, although its focus is primarily on the former, especially on Quito, Guayaquil and occasionally Cuenca. It competes against El Universo for the largest print distribution in Ecuador.
The paper was founded on January 1, 1906, in Quito, Ecuador by Celiano Monge and brothers César Mantilla Jácome and Carlos Mantilla Jácome. The newspaper remained in the Mantilla family until January 12, 2015, when the newspaper was sold to Telglovisión S.A., company property of the entrepreneur Remigio Ángel González. Currently the Director of the newspaper is Marcos Vaca Morales.
The main sections and supplements are Politics, Opinion, Law, Business, Sports, Quito, Ecuador, World, Society, Culture, Family, Education, Blogs, among others.
List of first-person shooters

This is an index of notable commercial first-person shooter video games, sorted alphabetically by title. The developer, platform, and release date are provided where available. The table can be sorted by clicking on the small boxes next to the column headings.
A first-person shooter game should not be confused with a third-person shooter game, where the camera is positioned behind the player.
Initially items sorted alphabetically by "title". The table can be sorted by a different column via clicking on the small box next to column heading.
Where Is My Train

Where Is My Train is an Android application owned by Google for tracking the live status of trains run by Indian Railways. The application was created by Sigmoid Labs, a team of former TiVo Corporation developers. The company was acquired by Google in 2018.
Where Is My Train was released in 2015 for Android. It uses cell tower data to track train locations. In 2018, the app received a nomination for India's Best Apps of 2018 in the Play Store.
Sara Gizaw

Princess Sara Gizaw, Duchess of Harar (1 January 1929 – 17 February 2019) was the widow of Prince Makonnen, Duke (Mesfin) of Harar and second son of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia.
Princess Sara was born on 1 January 1929. Her father was Gizaw Abera, a former Nibure Id of Axum, and her paternal grandfather was Dejazmach Abera Tedla. Her mother was Aisha Tola, a Muslim woman from Tigray.
She was educated at the Royal Infirmary Nursing School of Edinburgh.
She was the mother of five sons, Paul Wossen Seged Makonnen, Mikael Makonnen, Tefferi Makonnen, Beede Mariam Makonnen and the late Dawit Makonnen (also known as Makonnen Makonnen). In her day, Princess Sara was renowned as one of the most beautiful women at the Court of the Emperor of Ethiopia. She was widowed in 1957 when her husband, the Duke of Harar, was killed in a car accident. She often accompanied the Emperor on foreign visits, and acted as one of his official hostesses along with Princess Tenagnework after the death of Empress Menen.
Princess Sara was imprisoned with the other women of the Imperial Family of Ethiopia in 1974, and was released from prison in 1988. She resided in Addis Ababa. Princess Sara's eldest son, Prince Paul Wossen Seged was second in line to the Ethiopian throne, and prior to his death, was expected to become heir presumptive as the current claimant, Crown Prince Zera Yacob Amha Selassie has no legitimate son.
Princess Sara died on 17 February 2019, at the age of 90.
List of awards and honours received by Josip Broz Tito

The following is a full list of awards and decorations received by Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav president and statesman, sorted by continents and Cold War bloc division. Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the People's Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards the Soviet Order of Victory, the Japanese Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Italian Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana.
Most were awarded by Poland and Czechoslovakia with six; then France, Indonesia, and the Soviet Union with five each; followed by Romania with four. The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, when meeting with foreign royalty, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980. Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition.
Alebachew Teka

Alebachew Teka (Amharic: አለባቸው ተካ; 1962 – 16 January 2005) was an Ethiopian comedian and television personality. He was known for his talk show The Alebeh Show.
Alebachew was born in Wollo Province, in a small town called Wurgessa in 1962. He completed his elementary education at Wurgessa junior high school and moved to Addis Ababa for his high school education. Alebcahew loved comedy even from his elementary days. He was one of Ethiopia's best known contemporary and renowned comedians. He also hosted a talk show, The Alebeh Show, carried by state-owned Ethiopian Television (ETV). The weekly program, which was modeled similar to the American The Tonight Show, was a hit and brought him widespread fame across the country.
His career took off for his satirical TV shows, in which he often appeared along with his comedy partner Lemenih during the repressive regime of Mengistu Haile Mariam. Before starting his show, Alebachew Teka had lived in Israel.
In the documentary HIV/AIDS Awareness of the series Seeds of Hope: HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, Alebachew and his wife at their wedding treated as honored guests many orphans who had lost their parents to AIDS.
Alebachew died on 16 January 2005, in a car accident while traveling from Addis Ababa to Jimma, a city some 124 miles west of the capital, to film a documentary for a new show. His car reportedly plunged into a ravine about 30 km from Jimma. He was 44 years old at the time of death.
News of his death was met with shock and more than 60,000 mourners attended Alebachew's funeral at St. Joseph's Church in the outskirt of Addis Ababa. He left a wife, two daughters and a son.
Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation

Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation (Turkish: Egemenlik kayıtsız şartsız Milletindir; Ottoman Turkish: حاكميّت بلاقيد و شرط ملّتڭدر, romanized: Ḥâkimiyet bilâ ḳaydü şarṭ milletiñdir) is the founding principle of the Republic of Turkey. This principle is written on the wall behind the chairman of the General Assembly Hall in the Grand National Assembly.
Anybody, any clan, any denomination or any group should not have directly power of order in the community. The Nation has unique source and one owner for superior power of order itself.
The first letter in the word "Milletindir" (People of the Nation) is written with a capital letter, as it refers to the "Turkish Nation".
The phrase has been used by some Turkish newspapers in the aftermath of the failed 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.
List of Indian Academy Award winners and nominees

Indian individuals and films have received or been nominated in different categories of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscar). As of 2023, 21 Indians have been nominated and 10 have won Oscars including in the scientific and technical category.
At the 30th Academy Awards, Mehboob Khan's 1957 Hindi-language film Mother India was India's first submission for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film category. It was nominated alongside four other films and lost to the Italian film Nights of Cabiria (1957) by one vote. In 1982, The National Film Development Corporation of India was instrumental in co-producing Richard Attenborough's biographical film Gandhi. At the 55th Academy Awards, Bhanu Athaiya became the first Indian to win an Academy Award for designing the costumes. Ravi Shankar was nominated for Best Original Score for the same film. As of 2023, three Indian films have been nominated for Best International Feature Film — Mother India, Salaam Bombay! (1988) and Lagaan (2001).
In 1992, legendary Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray was bestowed with an Honorary Academy Award. He became the only Indian to date to receive the honour. In 2000, M. Night Shyamalan became the first Indian-American to receive an Oscar nomination for his 1999 film The Sixth Sense. He was nominated for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay respectively. Currently, Shyamalan is the only person of Indian heritage to be nominated in those categories.
Resul Pookutty and A. R. Rahman won the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing and Best Original Score, respectively, for the 2008 British film Slumdog Millionaire. Rahman also won for Best Original Song alongside lyricist Gulzar for the song "Jai Ho", becoming the first and only Indian to date to have won more than one Academy Award. Rahman also holds the record for most nominations for an Indian with five total nominations to date, followed by Ismail Merchant with four nominations (three for Best Picture and once for Live Action Short).
At the 95th Academy Awards, three different Indian productions received Oscar nominations, with both RRR (feature film) and The Elephant Whisperers (documentary short film) winning among their respective categories and thus the former became 'The first Indian Full-length Feature film' and the latter became 'The first Indian Documentary short film' to win the Oscars. Several Indians and Indian Americans have received the Oscars in the technical category like Rahul Thakkar, Cottalango Leon and Vikas Sathaye.
In the following tables, the years correspond to the year in which the films were released; the Academy Award ceremony is held the following year.
Soto Kudus

Soto Kudus (Hanacaraka: ꦱꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦏꦸꦢꦸꦱ꧀) adalah soto yang berasal dari Kudus, Jawa Tengah . Soto kudus, hampir mirip dengan soto Lamongan, soto kudus berisi suwiran ayam dan taoge. Terkadang soto kudus juga menggunakan daging kerbau. Kuahnya lebih bening.
Soto kudus dalam penyajiannya memiliki tradisi dihidangkan dalam mangkuk kecil untuk satu porsi soto. Persis dengan soto lainnya, soto kudus ditemani sambal dan jeruk nipis. Hidangan soto Kudus tidak hanya dapat ditemukan di Kudus, saat ini juga dapat ditemui di berbagai kota di Indonesia.
Soto kudus tidak ada yang menggunakan daging sapi karena penghormatan muslim Kudus terhadap agama Hindu, yang mana sapi adalah hewan yang mereka anggap suci. Namun hal ini hanya sebatas anjuran yang berasal dari Sunan Kudus. Dia mengajari Orang Islam untuk menghargai agama lain, khususnya agama Hindu.Ini disebabkan ketika itu di Kudus banyak orang yang memeluk agama Hindu. Hal ini merupakan bentuk toleransi yang telah diajarkan oleh Sunan Kudus pada pemeluk agama Islam yang tinggal di daerah Kudus. Budaya itu pun masih berlaku sampai sekarang.
Bahan pembuatan soto kudus adalah daging ayam atau daging kerbau, taoge, bawang merah, bawang putih, kunyit, jahe, kemiri, merica, ketumbar, dan garam dengan tambahan sedikit gula.
Rachel Vennya

Rachel Vennya Roland (lahir 23 September 1995) adalah seorang selebritas internet, pengusaha, dan aktris berkebangsaan Indonesia.
Pada awalnya, Rachel bekerja sebagai seorang perias. Selain itu, Rachel juga diketahui pernah berjualan jamu pelangsing yang resepnya berasal dari sang ibu.
Rachel mulai dikenal sebagai seorang selebritas internet pada tahun 2016.
Ia menikah dengan musisi-pengusaha Okin pada tahun 2017 dan bercerai pada awal tahun 2021. Dari pernikahan ini, mereka telah dikaruniai dua orang anak bernama Xabiru Oshe Al Hakim dan Chava Aurorae Al Hakim.
Rachel merintis sejumlah bisnis pada bidang usaha yang berbeda-beda, seperti bisnis kuliner Sate Taichan Goreng, Ngikan, dan Lokasaji; bisnis fesyen anak Mahika Kids; serta bisnis jamu Slim Beauty Product.
Rachel ditetapkan sebagai tersangka atas pelanggaran protokol kesehatan saat masa Pandemi Covid-19 usai dirinya kembali dari Amerika Serikat pada September 2021. Ia ditetapkan sebagai tersangka bersama tiga orang lainnya, yakni pasangannya, Salim Nauderer dan manajernya, Maulida Khairunnisa, usai gelar perkara oleh pihak Kepolisian Daerah Metropolitan Jakarta Raya. Ia didakwa melanggar pasal 93 Undang-undang Nomor 6 tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan juncto Pasal 55 ayat 1 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Indonesia atau Pasal 14 Undang-undang Nomor 4 tahun 1984 tentang wabah penyakit juncto pasal 56 ayat 1 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Meskipun telah ditetapkan sebagai tersangka, Rachel tidak diharuskan untuk wajib melapor karena alasan bersikap kooperatif selama proses penyelidikan dan penyidikan.
Dalam persidangan yang digelar di Pengadilan Negeri Kota Tangerang pada 10 Desember 2021, terungkap bahwa Rachel membayar sejumlah 40 juta rupiah demi menghindari kewajiban karantina di Rumah Sakit Darurat Wisma Atlet. Rachel hanya sempat menjalani tiga hari karantina dari ketentuan yang seharusnya, yakni selama delapan hari. Rachel divonis empat bulan penjara dengan delapan bulan masa percobaan, yang tidak harus dijalaninya asalkan selama masa percobaan, Rachel tidak berbuat tindak pidana. Rachel bersama Salim dan Maulida diwajibkan membayar denda sebesar 50 juta rupiah subsider satu bulan penjara. Vonis yang dibacakan oleh Majelis Hakim ini sama dengan tuntutan jaksa terhadap pelanggaran karantina sesuai surat edaran Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 tentang Protokol Kesehatan Perjalanan Internasional selama masa pandemi Covid-19.
Atas putusan tersebut, Satuan Tugas Covid-19 melalui juru bicaranya, meminta agar Rachel menjalani proses hukum sesuai prosedur sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab bagi kehidupan bermasyarakat di Indonesia.
Devil on Top

Devil on Top adalah film komedi romantis Indonesia tahun 2021 yang disutradarai oleh Anggy Umbara. Film ini dibintangi oleh Angga Yunanda, Cinta Laura Kiehl, Kenny Agustin, Joshua Suherman, dan Lolox. Film ini ditayangkan secara eksklusif 25 Juni 2021 di Disney+ Hotstar.
Perusahaan digital marketing Facade kedatangan bos baru bernama Sarah (Cinta Laura Kiehl). Sarah membuat Angga (Angga Yunanda) dan rekan kerjanya, Richard (Kenny Agustin), Boni (Lolox), dan Rudi (Joshua Suherman), merasa sepertî bekerja di bawah pengawasan setan di neraka. Suatu hari, Angga menemukan selembar kertas yang berisi data para pegawai Facade. Khawatir akan kemungkiran bahwa para pegawai yang ditandai itu akan dipecat, Angga beserta para rekan kerjanya pun berencana untuk menggulingkan Sarah dari jabatannya sebelum pemecatan terjadi. Angga, Boni, Rudi, terutama Richard yang memang mengincar jabatan di Facade, berlomba untuk menyabotase Sarah. Angga menggunakan cara yang lebih nekat, mendekati Sarah secara personal. Hal mengejutkan terjadi ketika Angga dan Sarah malah saling jatuh cinta.
Apakah Angga akan tetap mengikuti rencananya untuk menggulingkan Sarah, atau berubah kubu menjadi pelindung Sarah?
Film ini selesai melakukan proses pengambilan gambar pada tanggal 2 Februari 2021. Film ini merupakan salah satu proyek film kolaborasi MD Pictures dan Umbara Brothers Film yang dirilis pada tahun 2021, dua film lainnya yaitu Till Death Do Us Part dan The Watcher. Film ini merupakan film pertama Angga Yunanda yang menggunakan nama aslinya sebagai nama perannya.
Dapur Devina

Dapur Devina adalah sebuah acara masak yang dibawakan oleh seorang jurutama masak, penulis, dan instruktur memasak asal Indonesia yaitu Devina Hermawan, atau yang lebih dikenal dengan panggilan Chef Devina.
Episode pertama Dapur Devina ditayangkan pada tanggal 12 Maret 2022, dan selanjutnya akan ditayangkan setiap hari Jumat dan Sabtu pukul 10.30 WIB di TVRI, sebuah jaringan televisi publik berskala nasional di Indonesia. Dapur Devina akan menghadirkan beragam menu dan resep masakan dari seluruh Indonesia. Dapur Devina merupakan program memasak pertama Chef Devina yang ditayangkan di televisi. Saat ini, Chef Devina sudah menyelesaikan syuting untuk 30 episode musim 1 & 2.
Sate Ponorogo

Sate Ponorogo (bahasa Jawa: ꦱꦠꦺ​ꦥꦤꦫꦒ, translit. Saté Panaraga) adalah jenis sate yang berasal dari kota Ponorogo, Jawa Timur. Kata "sate" berasal dari bahasa Jawa dialek Ponorogo, yakni Sak Biting (dibaca Sak Beteng) yang berarti satu tusuk, biting adalah lidi. Oleh karena itu, sate Ponorogo menggunakan lidi sebagai tusuknya.
Sate telah menjadi salah satu makanan masyarakat Ponorogo sejak zaman Wengker. Makanan ini baru diketahui oleh Batoro Katong selaku Bupati Ponorogo pertama pada abad ke-15 setelah menaklukkan Wengker menjadi Ponorogo. Sate telah menjadi makanan para warok, sehingga usia makanan sate bisa lebih tua sejak diketahui oleh Batoro Katong.
Seperti halnya Sate Madura, sate Ponorogo juga menggunakan daging ayam sebagai bahan utamanya. Namun, terdapat hal yang membedakan antara sate Ponorogo deangn sate Madura, yaitu cara memotong daging ayamnya. Daging ayam sate Ponororgo tidak dipotong menyerupai dadu, tetapi dipotong dengan cara memfilet yaitu memotong tipis daging ayam. Oleh karena itu, daging yang dihasilkan tipis dan bebas lemak. Perbedaan berikutnya adalah sate Ponorogo melalui proses perendaman bumbu atau dibacem agar bumbu meresap ke dalam daging.
Setelah bumbunya merata, sate dipanggang selama kurang lebih 3-5 menit. Alat pemanggang sate Ponorogo terbuat dari tungku yang terbuat dari tanah liat. Sate beberapa kali dicelupkan atau dioles bumbu selama proses pemanggangan. Setelah matang, sate dilumuri dengan bumbu kacang.
Di Ponorogo terdapat sentra sate terbesar di dunia yang berada di Gang Sate yang terletak di Jalan Lawu, Gang 1, Ponorogo. Disebut demikian karena dalam gang tersebut banyak masyarakat penjual sate Ponorogo dalam per harinya para penjual sate Ponorogo di Gang Sate ini bila dijumlahkan tusuknya yang dijual mencapai ratusan ribu tusuk sate. Selain itu, penjual sate Ponorogo juga dilakukan dengan cara berkeliling dengan membawa pikulan.
Sate Ponorogo telah mengalami perkembangan salah satunya dengan dipadukannya sate ayam dengan gulai kambing sehingga disebut sebagai sate gulai.
Glass bottle

Common uses for bottles made from glass include food condiments, soda, liquor, cosmetics, pickling and preservatives; they are occasionally also notably used for the informal distribution of notes. A glass bottle can vary in size considerably, but are most commonly found in sizes ranging between about 200 millilitres and 1.5 litres.
Glass bottles and glass jars are found in many households worldwide. The first glass bottles were produced in Mesopotamia around 1500 B.C., and in the Roman Empire in around 1 AD. America's glass bottle and glass jar industry was born in the early 1600s, when settlers in Jamestown built the first glass-melting furnace. The invention of the automatic glass bottle-blowing machine in 1903 industrialized the process of making bottles.
The earliest bottles or vessels were made by ancient man. Ingredients were melted to make glass and then clay forms were dipped into the molten liquid. When the glass cooled off, the clay was chipped out of the inside leaving just the hollow glass vessel. This glass was very thin as the fire was not as hot as modern-day furnaces. The blowpipe was invented around 1 B.C. This allowed molten glass to be gathered on the end of the blow pipe and blown into the other end to create a hollow vessel. Eventually, the use of a mold was introduced, followed by the invention of a semi-automatic machine, called the Press and Blow, by Yorkshire Iron founder, Howard Matravers Ashley, in 1886. In 1904 Michael Owens invented the automatic bottle machine, after working on the production of Electric lightbulbs, in Ohio, for Edison.
Once made, bottles may suffer from internal stresses as a result of unequal, or too rapid cooling. An annealing oven, or 'lehr', is used to cool glass containers slowly to prevent stress and make the bottle stronger. When a glass bottle filled with liquid is dropped or subjected to shock, the water hammer effect may cause hydrodynamic stress, breaking the bottle.
Modern bottles, when moulded, will be given marks on the heel (bottom) of the bottle. These marks serve a variety of purposes, such as identifying the machine used in the production of the bottle (for quality control purposes), showing the manufacturer of the bottle, how much to fill the bottle to, the date the bottle was manufactured, as well as other information. Embossing on a bottle consists of raised lettering, numbers, and/or designs which were intended to inform the purchaser in some way of the contents or to establish ownership of the bottle.
Glass bottles have a variety of closures to seal up the bottle and prevent the contents escape. Early bottles were sealed with wax, and later stoppered with a cork. More common today are screw caps and stoppers.
Glass recycling recovers a high rate of raw materials. Some countries have adopted container-deposit legislation to encourage recycling.
Common shapes in modern commerce include: