davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Taller de Gráfica Popular

The Taller de Gráfica Popular (Spanish: "People's Graphic Workshop") is an artist's print collective founded in Mexico in 1937 by artists Leopoldo Méndez, Pablo O'Higgins, and Luis Arenal. The collective was primarily concerned with using art to advance revolutionary social causes. The print shop became a base of political activity and abundant artistic output, and attracted many foreign artists as collaborators.
The Workshop was founded in 1937 following the dissolution of the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios (LEAR, Revolutionary Writers' and Artists' League), a group of artists who had supported the goals of the Mexican Revolution.
Initially called the Taller Editorial de Gráfica Popular, its founders built off a rich tradition of printmaking in Mexico, particularly the legacy of José Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Manilla.
Under President Lázaro Cárdenas, the work of the Taller supported the government's policies, including the Mexican oil expropriation.
In 1940, muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros launched an armed assault on the residence of exiled Russian Revolutionary Leon Trotsky, using the Taller's print shop as a headquarters and including some artists affiliated with the Taller in his squad.
There was some collaboration between the TGP and the artists of the New Deal-era Works Progress Administration, including Rafael Tufiño.
Artists from outside Mexico came to work and study at the Taller, including Mariana Yampolsky, the first female member of the Taller, who arrived in 1945 and remained until 1960, and Elizabeth Catlett, who worked with the Taller from 1946 to 1966. Both took Mexican citizenship. During the Civil Rights Movement, Chicano and African American artists produced work at the Taller. The Taller became inspiration to many politically active leftist artists; for example, American expressionist painter Byron Randall went on to found similar artist collectives after becoming an associate member.
The TGP faced financial instability and had to relocate several times, but Jesús Álvarez Amaya kept it running up to his death in 2010.
During its heyday, the Taller specialized in linoleum prints and woodcuts. It produced posters, handbills, banners, and portfolio editions. The art supported causes such as anti-militarism, organized labor, and opposition to fascism.
The art was often made through the collaborative process, and the Taller took the anti-commercial policy of not numbering prints, but it sold prints as part of and was the first political publishing workshop in Mexico to do so.
Under the brand La Estampa Mexicana, the TGP sold song lyrics, posters of heroes and Mexican culture and Left movements worldwide, and gave rise to a new generation of calaveras, the Mexican tradition of humorous poetry ridiculing politicians and other popular figures. The raised fist emerged as a graphic symbol of resistance and unity.
It still working on art and social issues and it is located in Dr. Manuel Villada 46, Colonia Doctores, Mexico City.
The Net (building)

The Net, formerly known as The Marion, is a planned high-rise office building in Downtown Seattle, Washington, United States. In its current iteration, it is planned to be 36 stories tall and include 850,000 square feet (79,000 m) of office and retail space. The project is being developed by Urban Visions, which previously proposed a 77-story tower on the site that would have become the tallest building in the city. It was later downsized to 60 stories after a design competition and 36 stories after further refinement.
Urban Visions filed preliminary plans in 2013 to build a 77-story supertall skyscraper on property it owned between Marion and Columbia streets in Downtown Seattle. The 1,200-foot-tall (370 m) tower, named the 888 Tower, would have eclipsed the Columbia Center as the tallest building in Seattle. A competition was held in 2014 to select a design for the supertall tower, resulting in Urban Visions favoring NBBJ's 60-story proposal over a 77-story proposal from Gensler.
The NBBJ proposal featured a 65-foot-wide (20 m) atrium in the middle of the tower that would function like a skylight; the 60-story tower also incorporated floor layouts that would have allowed for 10 to 15 more people per floor despite the loss of a central core, allowing for the height to be reduced. It would have been mixed-use, consisting of retail space on the ground floor, and offices and condominiums on higher floors. The tower would have occupied the full city block between 2nd and 3rd Avenues and Columbia and Marion streets. When completed, it would have become the second-tallest building in Seattle and the fifth-tallest on the West Coast of the United States.
In October 2017, Urban Visions announced that it would scale back its plans and build a 28-story tower on the eastern half of the block with 600,000 square feet (56,000 m) of office space. The project was renamed The Net and given a new design by NBBJ, featuring a steel exoskeleton that wrapped around the building. Another design revision in early 2018 increased the height of the building to 36 stories and added a marketspace at street level with 15,000 square feet (1,400 m) of public space. A prominent glass staircase would connect all floors of the building. The top three stories of the building would have an outdoor terrace that sloped downwards from the 36th floor.
Urban Visions announced a joint venture with Japanese developer Mitsui Fudosan America in September 2020 to finance the project at a cost of $127.7 million. Demolition of two buildings on the block's east side began in March 2021, while the project is planned to begin construction after an anchor tenant is signed. The building is planned to open no sooner than early 2027. On July 17, 2021, one of the partially-demolished buildings on the site collapsed onto 3rd Avenue, forcing a shutdown of the street for two days.
Luzenac AP

El Union Sportive de Luzenac es un club de fútbol francés de la ciudad de Luzenac. Fue fundado en 1936 y utiliza vestimenta roja y azul. Desde diciembre de 2013 tiene como director general al exarquero francés Fabien Barthez.
Luzenac resultó segundo en el Championnat National 2013/14, destacándose el camerunés Andé Dona Ndoh quien marcó 22 de los 51 goles del equipo. Esto le permitiría ascender a la Ligue 2, la segunda dividión del fútbol francés.​ Sin embargo, el estadio Paul Fédou no fue aprobado para dicho certamen. El club propuso rentar el estadio Ernest-Wallon del equipo de rugby Stade Toulousain, pero este se opuso tiempo después.
Mientras tanto, las autoridades de la liga decidieron no ascender al Luzenac, dudando de la capacidad económica del club. El club reclamó ante el Comité Olímpico Francés, quien recomendó no darle permiso de jugar la Ligue. Luego acudió ante el tribunal del gobierno de Toulouse, quien rechazó el pedido de suspender la decisión de la liga.
En la intimidad

«En la intimidad» es el segundo sencillo de la cantante mexicana Thalia, de su segundo álbum de estudio Mundo de cristal, la canción fue lanzada el año de 1991.
El tema habla sobre una chica que esta completamente lista para poder entregarse en la intimidad, que no va a tener miedo a nada y lo único que le va a importar es estar con él.
El video musical muestra a Thalia bailando y ella se entrega totalmente al ritmo y comienza a bailar. Como dato curioso, el hombre que aparece en el video es el reconocido actor mexicano, Jaime Camil.
El video del tema fue dirigido por Carlos Somonte y Emmanuel Lubezki. El tema habla sobre una chica que está completamente lista para poder entregarse en la intimidad, que no va a tener miedo a nada y lo único que le va a importar es estar con él.
Demasiada intimidad

Demasiada Intimidad es el quinto disco de estudio de Cadena Perpetua, distribuido por Tocka Discos/Sony BMG. Musicalmente podría decirse que continúa con la línea de sus dos álbumes anteriores, con un sonido un tanto más pulido. Los cortes de difusión "Algo Personal" y "No Mires al Cielo" tuvieron un éxito moderado, siendo altamente rotados en radio y televisión. Con este disco bajo el brazo llegan al estadio Pepsi Music (ex-Obras Sanitarias) y graban un CD/DVD de dicho show.
Intimidad de los parques

Intimidad de los parques es una película en blanco y negro coproducción de Argentina y Perú dirigida por Manuel Antin sobre su propio guion escrito en colaboración con Héctor Grossi y Raimundo Calcagno sobre los cuentos Continuidad de los parques y El ídolo de las cícladas, de Julio Cortázar que se estrenó el 27 de julio de 1965 y que tuvo como protagonistas a Francisco Rabal, Dora Baret y Ricardo Blume. Colaboró con esculturas René Pereira.Fue filmada parcialmente en Lima y Cuzco en el Perú.
Teresa está casada con Héctor, y fue anteriormente amante de Mario. Los tres viajan a las ruinas de Machu Pichu en un viaje de estudios. El hallazgo de un antiguo ídolo de piedra va a cambiar sus vidas y la relación entre ellos. Mario centrará toda su pasión e interés en la estatuilla que ha descubierto y surge en él un impulso ancestral que requiere la ejecución de un sacrificio.​
Antonio A. Salgado opinó en Tiempo de Cine:
César Magrini escribió en El Cronista Comercial:
List of music venues in Toronto

The following is a list of music venues in the City of Toronto. Toronto is one of the most toured cities in the world, with 85% of large world tours passing through the city between 2015 and 2023. Rogers Centre and Scotiabank Arena are the highest capacity venues in the city, and they host most of the shows by superstar artists. Additionally, Toronto has the third largest concert market in the world, after New York and Los Angeles.
Live Nation Canada owns many of the large and mid sized venues in Toronto, including Budweiser Stage, History, The Opera House, The Danforth Music Hall, and Velvet Underground. This has been criticized by some as "monopolistic" and "big-footing". Supporters believe Live Nation is a benefit as it acquires venues that may otherwise go out of business, but critics say their practices push out independent venues and smaller promoters.
The following is an interactive map of Toronto's music venues with concert capacities greater than 1,000 people.
This section includes music venues with a capacity greater than 1,000 people. Defunct venues are not included.
This section includes music venues with a capacity less than 1,000 people. Defunct venues are not included.
Gran Sasso d’Italia

Gran Sasso d’Italia (Stânca Mare a Italiei) este un masiv muntos din Parcul național Gran Sasso și Monti della Laga, regiunea Abruzzo, Italia. Vârful cel mai înalt din masiv fiind Corno Grande cu altitudinea de 2912 m deasupra n.m. El fiind în același timp și cel mai înalt pisc din Apenini.
Gran City Pop

Gran City Pop este cel de-al nouălea material discografic de studio al cântăreței mexicane Paulina Rubio. Acesta este primul album de studio promovat de artistă în trei ani. Discul a fost lansat pe data de 23 iulie 2009, la doar șase zile de la aniversarea de treizeci și opt de ani a interpretei.
Primul extras pe single al materialului, „Causa y Efecto”, a urcat până pe locul 1 în Billboard Hot Latin Songs și a devenit un nou hit pentru artistă în America de Sud, Mexic și Spania.
Materialul Gran City Pop a fost lansat pe data de 23 iulie 2009, după promovarea extrasului pe single „Causa y Efecto”. Albumul a debutat pe locul 44 în Billboard 200, devenind cel de-al treilea disc al interpretei ce ocupă poziții de top 100 în acest clasament, după Border Girl și Ananda. Primul single a ocupat locul 1 în Billboard Hot Latin Songs și a devenit un nou hit pentru artistă în America de Sud, Mexic și Spania.
„Ni Rosas Ni Juguetes” va fi cel de-al doilea extras pe single al albumului.
Albumul s-a comercializat în peste 300.000 de exemplare doar în prima săptămână, vânzările fiind înregistrare în America Latină, Spania și Statele Unite ale Americii. Gran City Pop a debutat pe locul 44 în Billboard 200, locul 2 în țara natală a lui Rubio și pe locul 3 în Spania. Discul a ocupat poziția secundă în clasamentul albumelor de muzică latino din S.U.A., devenind primul material discografic de studio al interpretei ce ratează cea mai înaltă treaptă a listei de la despărțirea de EMI Music.
Pambac Bacău

Pambac Bacău este o companie de morărit și panificație din România.
Pambac dispune de unul dintre cele mai moderne centre de morărit din România, inaugurat în anul 2004, care include o moară de grâu, cu o capacitate de 800 tone pe zi, și un siloz de tratament și amestec făinuri, cu o capacitate de aproximativ 2.500 de tone . De asemenea, centrul mai dispune de un depozit de produse finite, cu o capacitate de depozitare de aproximativ 1.500 de tone . Valoarea investițiilor realizate de companie în perioada 2004-2009 ridicându-se la aproximativ 50 milioane euro .
Cifra de afaceri:
Venit net:
Liga a III-a 2006-2007

Liga a III-a este a treia divizie fotbalistică din România, este oranizată de FRF.
Rezultate
Pambac Bacau - Juventus Bucuresti 0-1 Juventus Bucuresti - Inter Gaz Bucuresti 1-1 Pambac Bacau - Iner Gaz Bucuresti 0-3
Clasament
Inter Gaz Bucuresti 2 1 1 0 4-1 4 Juventus Bucuresti 2 1 1 0 2-1 4 Pambac Bacau 2 0 0 2 0-4 0
Rezultate
Lotus Felix - Minerul Motru 3-0 Muresul Deva - Lotus Felix 1-0 Minerul Motru - Muresul Deva 0-5
Clasament
Muresul Deva 2 2 0 0 6-0 6 Lotus Felix Sânmartin 2 1 0 1 3-1 3 Minerul Motru 2 0 0 2 0-8 0
Sportul în orașul Bacău

Sportul în orașul Bacău cuprinde mai multe competiții.
Mulți ani la rând orașul a avut în primul eșalon fotbalistic pe FCM Bacău.
Fotbalul în orașul Bacău are o mare tradiție, cea mai raprezentativă echipă fiind FCM Bacău care în prezent evoluează in Liga a II-a, dar dea lungul anilor a fost o echipă foarte importantă în Liga I. Mai există și alte echipii ce joacă la nivele mai mici precum:
Radu Eduard Ciobanu

Radu Eduard Ciobanu (n. 1 septembrie 1975, Bacău) este un fost jucător de fotbal român, care a evoluat ultima dată la echipa băcăuană FC Pambac, în Liga a III-a.
A debutat la Aerostar Bacău, fiind apoi transferat la FCM Bacău, unde a jucat timp de zece ani în primele două ligi de fotbal, contractul său expirând în anul 2004. Ciobanu a revenit în fotbalul românesc la vârsta de 30 de ani, când a semnat un contract cu FC Politehnica Iași, unde a jucat timp de trei sezoane fiind o piesă de bază.
În vara anului 2008, Radu Ciobanu s-a transferat la FC Știința Bacău. Băcăuanul nu a evoluat decât în prima etapă cu Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț, accidentându-se la tendonul lui Ahile. Acesta a reluat antrenamentele în luna septembrie.
Spre sfârșitul anului 2008, Știința se desființează, jucătorul român rămânând doar cu promisiuni din partea conducerii clubului.
Pentru Ciobanu, formația antrenată de Câmpeanu reprezenta echipa la care urma să-și continue cariera, însă, spre finalul anului 2009, fotbalistul devine liber de contract.
Casa lui Raven

Casa lui Raven (engleză Raven's Home) este sitcom american creat de Michael Poryes și Susan Sherman și dezvoltat de Jed Elinoff și Scott Thomas, care a avut premiera originală la Disney Channel pe 21 iulie 2017. Bazat pe personajele create de Michael Poryes și Susan Sherman, serialul este un spin-off și tot odată o continuare al That's So Raven, cel de-al doilea spin-off din acea serie, după Cory in the House. Seria îi are ca staruri pe Raven-Symoné, Isaac Ryan Brown, Navia Robinson, Jason Maybaum, Sky Katz, și Anneliese van der Pol.
În România serialul a avut premiera pe 10 februarie 2018 la Disney Channel.
Raven și Chelsea sunt două prietene de la școală ajunse la maturitate, divorțate și care locuiesc împreună, alături de gemenii lui Raven, Booker și Nia, și de fiul lui Chelsea, Levi, într-un apartament din Chicago. Casa lor este întoarsă cu susul în jos când își dau seama că unul dintre copii lui Raven, Booker, a moștenit aceleași abilități psihice ca mama lui.
La opt ani după ce That's So Raven s-a terminat, nu au fost speculații și zvonuri că seria ar obține un al doilea spin-off. Pe 14 august 2015, o reuniune cu Raven-Symoné și o fostă vedetă s-a întâmplat în The View, unde au discutat despre acea serie și trecut. T'Keyah Cristal Keymáh și Rondell Sheridan nu au fost prezenți, dar au primit o mențiune specială de la Raven-Symoné.
Seria a fost anunțată pe 27 octombrie 2016, și a avut premiera pe Disney Channel pe 21 iulie 2017, și este filmat la Hollywood Center Studios. Disney Channel a reînnoit seria pentru un al doilea sezon, pe 10 octombrie 2017, și filmările au început în noiembrie 2017.
Forța Spațială (serial TV)

Forța Spațială (în engleză Space Force) este un serial TV american dramatic de comedie științifico-fantastic din 2020 creat de Greg Daniels și Steve Carell pentru Netflix. Se concentrează asupra unui grup de oameni însărcinați să înființeze cea de-a șasea ramură a Forțelor Armate ale Statelor Unite ale Americii, Forța Spațială a Statelor Unite ale Americii (United States Space Force). În rolurile principale interpretează Steve Carell, John Malkovich, Ben Schwartz, Diana Silvers, Lisa Kudrow, Tawny Newsome și Jimmy O. Yang. A avut premiera pe Netflix la 29 mai 2020, cu recenzii mixte. În noiembrie 2020, a fost reînnoit pentru un al doilea sezon, care a avut premiera la 18 februarie 2022, cu recenzii pozitive. În aprilie 2022, serialul a fost anulat după două sezoane.
Forța Spațială este un serial TV de comedie dramă care are loc la locul de muncă și care se concentrează asupra unui grup de oameni însărcinați să înființeze cea de-a șasea ramură a Forțelor Armate ale Statelor Unite, Forța Spațială a Statelor Unite. Sezonul unu urmărește eforturile generalului Mark Naird (Carell) de a pune „ghete pe lună” până în 2024, conform ordinului președintelui (de preferat ghete care pot fi și mexicane sau portugheze, nu contează, dar cu picioare americane).
Intermarché

Intermarché (English translation: Intermarket) is a brand of general commercial hypermarkets, supermarkets and convenience stores owned by French retail group Les Mousquetaires. It mainly operates in France, French-speaking Belgium, Poland and Portugal. In 2024, Intermarché was the third-biggest retailer in France by market share, trailing E.Leclerc and Carrefour.
In 2024, Intermarché had 2,496 stores in 4 countries.
In 2024, Partenaire Intermarché had 60 stores in Overseas France and in 7 countries.
Founded in 1969 under the name of EX Offices de distribution, the chain became Intermarché in 1973.
On 9 June 2009, Les Mousquetaires announced the extension of the Intermarché brand to all their grocery subsidiaries, except Netto. Now Intermarché decline is based on the sales floor, as well as its location.
The old food stores owned by Les Mousquetaires under several brands, as well as the existing Intermarché stores have been divided into several groups:
On 8 October 2014, ITM Intermarché and the Casino Group announced an agreement to rally their purchases together toward suppliers in France. This alliance makes these two groups the first retail purchaser in the country with a market share of 25.8%.
In January 2024, 190 Casino and Géant Casino stores are purchased by Intermarché.
In 2024, Intermarché had 2,496 stores in 4 countries.
In 2024, Partenaire Intermarché had 60 stores in Overseas France and in 7 countries.
Intermarché left the Romanian market in 2012 because of poor sales. It was known as Interex (ro) in Romania.
In December 2014, all 24 Interex stores in Bosnia and Herzegovina were sold to Bingo. Also, it left Serbian market a year later, in 2015. Serbian Interex stores were sold to Aman.
Intermarché offers a range of its own brands :
The Écomarché chain of supermarkets was created in 1969 and developed in 1986. They were similar to Intermarché, but mostly on a smaller scale than most supermarkets in France with a sales area between 400 and 1800 m. The target of the Écomarché chain was to compensate for the lack of local shops and to focus upon customer care, attention to the product, quality, choice and the environment.
From 2009, the Écomarché chain became two brands of the Intermarché, either Intermarché Contact if smaller than 1,500 square meters or Intermarché Super if bigger. The other Écomarché stores in urban areas became Intermarché Express or Intermarché Super (if larger than 1,500 sq. meters).
Écomarché stores could be found in Belgium, Portugal and France, which all became Intermarché Contact or Express.
Sam Mills (company)

Sam Mills is a major Romanian and European food company founded in 1994 in Botiz, Satu Mare, Romania, which specialises in the processing of cereal grains, especially corn and wheat, producing bakery products, vegetable oil, pastas and water. The company is structured into three branches including Sam Mills (the mill), Arpis (pasta and vegetable oil distribution) and Sam Trade (with five subsidiaries). It controls Sam Mills (flour, pasta and vegetable oil producer), Arpis (distribution), Sam Trade (export company), Sam Gida (Turkey and CIS), Sam Trade UK (UK), Sam Trade DE (Germany) and Sam Mills LLC (United States).
Sam Mills produces several kinds of pasta under the Arpis and Pasta d'Oro brands and is one of Romania's leading pasta makers, with 40 per cent of the Romanian market in corn pastas. Sam Mills produces around 2,400 tonnes of dried pasta monthly in around 30 shapes and sizes. It is also a leading cornmeal flour, pasta sauce and corn oil producer, distributor and seller in Romania. Starting 2016 Sam Mills made its way to the water industry. Since then, the company is producing water under the AquaVia brand.
The most important branch of the group is Arpis one of the largest food distribution companies in Romania and the largest corn related company in the country with a market share of around 40 per cent. It was founded in 1994 and it is based in Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County. The exports and foreign trade branch called Sam Trade was founded in 2007 and it is based in Bucharest. The company opened its first international office in 2006 at Istanbul, Turkey, followed in 2008 by three other locations in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, Rastatt, Germany and Boynton Beach, Florida, United States.
The Sunflower (Țuculescu)

Sunflower (Romanian: Floarea Soarelui) is a painting by Romanian artist Ion Țuculescu from 1954.
The picture is painted in oil on canvas and has dimensions of 47 x 55 centimeters.
The picture is part of the National Museum of Art of Romania in Bucharest.
Sunflower is part of the second phase in the work of Ion Țuculescu, covering the period from 1947 to 1956. In this period, his works were influenced by folklore. The use of natural elements and autobiographical references in the context of Romanian art between the two world wars and after the Second World War.
This is one of the most characteristic of his paintings. In the foreground, on the left side, stands a bright yellow sunflower on the background of many others and cloudy sky. The picture is closer to the aesthetics of naive art than Sunflowers by Van Gogh. Sunflower stands with rich bright colors - orange, yellow and red.
Парламентарни избори в България (1949)

Парламентарните избори се провеждат на 18 декември 1949 г. в Народна република България и са за I народно събрание.
Това са първите казионни избори, проведени след установяването на комунистическия режим. След ликвидирането на цялата опозиция в страната на избирателите е предоставена една-единствена листа с кандидатите на Отечествения фронт, доминиран от Българската комунистическа партия. Според официалните данни близо 4,6 милиона души са гласували и само 980 от тях са гласували против листата, а други 109 963 бюлетини са невалидни или празни. Избирателната активност е 98,9%.
Рубен Маркъм

Рубен Хенри Маркъм (на английски: Reuben Henry Markham) е американски мисионер, учител и журналист, работил дълго време в България.
Маркъм е роден на 21 февруари 1887 г. в Туелф Майл, щата Канзас, САЩ в семейството на калвинистки свещеник. През 1908 г. завършва колежа „Уошбърн“ в Топика, след което учи известно време в Ню Йорк, а през 1911 г. се дипломира като магистър по философия в Колумбийския университет. През 1912 г., ръкоположен за свещеник, заминава като мисионер на Конгрешанската църква към Американския борд в България и първоначално живее в Самоков, където се раждат трите му деца. През 1918 година за кратко е представител на ИМКА в Архангелск.
На 31 октомври 1925 г. в статия за вестник „Слово“ описва сцени на издевателства на гръцки войници в селата Петрово, Лехово и Пиперица по време на Петричкия инцидент. От началото на 1926 г. е редактор на вестник „Свят“, в който критикува издевателствата на властта над селяните след Септемврийското въстание. Пише за избиването на затворници „без съд и присъда“. Заради тези му позиции през май 1927 г. срещу него започва наказателно дело, но в крайна сметка е оправдан.
От 1926 г. Рубен Маркъм е кореспондент на „Крисчън Сайънс Монитър“ за България, а впоследствие и за цяла Централна и Югоизточна Европа, автор е на няколко книги, посветени на региона. За критиките му към действията на Съветския съюз в Източна Европа през 1946 г. му е забранен достъпът до страните под съветски контрол.
Рубен Хенри Маркъм умира на 29 декември 1949 година във Вашингтон.
Мария Тодорова

Проф. Мария Николаева Тодорова (на английски: Maria Todorova) е българска и американска историчка балканистка, със световна научна известност. Специалист по нова история на Източна и Югоизточна Европа, Османската империя и история на национализма.
Издадената през 1997 г. нейна книга „Imagining the Balkans“ (с български превод: Балкани. Балканизъм, 1999/2004) е определяна като „истинско събитие“ за учените занимаващи се с история на Балканите и Източна Европа.
Мария Тодорва е родена на 5 януари 1949 г. в българската столица София, в семейството на Анна Тодорова (Върбанова) и историка и политик Николай Тодоров. Завършва специалност история в Софийския университет, след което се отдава на преподавателска кариера. Първоначално работи в родния си университет. След като се мести да живее в САЩ започва да преподава във Флоридския университет. Понастоящем е професор по нова история на Източна и Югоизточна Европа в Илинoйския университет. Като гост-професор води лекции в Харвардския университет, Университета „Райс“, Мерилендския университет, Калифорнийския университет „Ървайн“, Грацкия университет (Австрия), Босфорски университет (Турция) и Европейския университетски институт (Италия).
Антикомунизъм

Антикомунизъм е продемократично противопоставянето на комунизма. Исторически думата „комунизъм“ се е използвала за означаване на различни видове колективни обществени организации и техните поддръжници, но след средата на XIX век основна школа на комунизма става марксизмът. В този смисъл терминът „антикомунизъм“ най-често се употребява, за да се опише противопоставянето на Марксисткия комунизъм. В България антикомунизмът е и форма на предпазна „мимикрия“ на множество бивши комунисти.
Марксизмът и формата комунизъм, която се свързва с него, придобива значимост през XX век. Организираният антикомунизъм се появява като реакция на нарастващата популярност на комунистическите движения и се разгръща в различни форми с течение на времето. Консервативните монархисти в Европа се съпротивляват срещу първата вълна на комунистически революции от 1917 до 1922 години (виж Октомврийска революция и Ноемврийска революция). В основата на фашизма и нацизма заляга яростен антикомунизъм, като те подбуждат страх от комунистическите революции, за да спечелят политическа власт и да унищожат комунизма през Втората световна война. Националистите се противопоставят на комунизма в многобройни граждански войни по света (виж Испанска гражданска война) (в тази война участват и анархо-комунисти, които нямат нищо общо с антикомунизма). Либерализмът е характерен за външната политика на Западните сили (Англия, Франция и САЩ) в периода между двете световни войни и преобладава сред интелектуалните среди на антикомунистите през втората половина на XX век.
След Октомврийската революция в Русия Марксиският комунизъм започва широко да се свързва със Съветския съюз (въпреки че има много марксисти и комунисти, които не поддържат Съветския съюз и политиката му). Като резултат, антикомунизмът и противопоставянето на Съветския съюз стават почти едно и също нещо, особено в областта на външната политика. Антикомунизмът е важен елемент във външната политика на Страните от Оста през 30-те години на XX век и през Втората световна война (виж Антикоминтерновски пакт), както и на САЩ по време на Студената война.
Ляв комунизъм

Ляв комунизъм е обхватът от комунистически гледни точки, поддържани от комунистическото ляво, което критикува политическите идеи на Болшевиките в определени периоди от позицията, че отстоява да е по-автентично марксистки и пролетарски, отколкото гледните точки на ленинистите, поддържани от Комунистическия интернационал след неговия първи и по време на неговия втори конгрес.
Union of Bulgarian National Legions

The Union of Bulgarian National Legions (UBNL) (Bulgarian: Съюз на Българските Национални Легиони (СБНЛ); Sayuz na Balgarskite Natsionalni Legioni (SBNL)), until 1935 the Union of the National Youth Legions (UNYL); Съюз на Младежките Национални Легиони (СМНЛ); Sayuz na Mladezhkite Natsionalni Legioni (SMNL), was an ultranationalist, monarchist, and right extremist organization in Bulgaria, which was active between 1932 and 1944.
The organization had an ideology close to fascism, including creating a totalitarian one-party regime, a ban on the market economy and total control by the state over the economy and the society, anti-Semitism and hostility towards foreigners, anti-communism, etc. It demonstrated similarity to the Italian fascism and German Nazism, from which it "borrows" ideas, symbols, and slogans.
It was initially founded as Union of the National Youth Legions, which gained popularity among youth by using propaganda methods, popular in Nazi Germany at that time, including a march from Sofia to Veliko Tarnovo. It rivalled for political support with other popular nationalist organizations such as the Ratniks and the National Social movement. By 1939 the already-renamed UBNL had 75,000 members. While in that year, it was formally banned by the pro-German government of Tsar Boris III, it continued to function. It supported the close alliance of Bulgaria to Nazi Germany.
In 1942 Hristo Lukov, a retired Bulgarian army lieutenant general and former minister of war became head of the organization. Identifying itself as an extreme monarchist group, it sought unsuccessfully to work with the National Social Movement before finally emerging as an opposition group that was largely supportive of Nazism, but critical of Bogdan Filov's pro-Nazi government, which they defined as consisting of "capitalists, Judeo-Masons and Bolsheviks". SBNL was banned after the 1944 coup d'état along with all other nationalist organizations and parties.
Bulgarian historians define the organization as containing the features of the far right. Besides Nikolay Poppetrov, quoted above, Rumen Daskalov describes it as "having a complete fascist character during the years of WWII", which includes "far nationalistic and chauvinistic, authoritarian and totalitarian ideas, but even more tenacious and irreconcilable to any party-parliamentary forms and liberal-individualistic ideas, but also –more characteristically– leadership and elitism, racism, anti-Semitism, etc."
A yearly march with torches, reminiscent of the Nazi marches from the 1930s, in commemoration of UBNL leader Hristo Lukov, is being organized by a far-right informal organization in Bulgaria, calling themselves Bulgarian National Union (Български национален съюз [bg]). The organization describes itself as "ideologically closest to the Union of Bulgarian National Legions".
URBEX – Enter At Your Own Risk

URBEX – Enter At Your Own Risk (abbreviated URBEX) is an eight-part original series that launched globally on Red Bull TV on August 1, 2016. Urbex is a documentary series that chronicles the motivations, mindsets and adventures of today's new type of explorers, Urban Explorers, who explore areas above, around and below the world's most famous cities, climbing cranes and bridges, descending into subway networks, infiltrating monuments to industry and commerce old and new . Urbex stands for Urban Exploration. The series was filmed in locations across the world including Moscow, Melbourne, Malaysia, Mumbai, Copenhagen, Kazakhstan, Dubai, Toronto, Marseille and Bulgaria with some of the world's most famous urban explorers like Oleg Cricket and Ontheroofs' Vitaliy Raskalov and Vadim Makhorov. The series was promoted with digital enhancement 360-degree videos.
List of communist parties

There are a number of communist parties active in various countries across the world and a number that used to be active. They differ not only in method, but also in strict ideology and interpretation, although they are generally within the tradition of Marxism–Leninism.
The formation of communist parties in various countries was first initiated by the Russian Bolsheviks within the Communist International. Since then, communist parties have governed numerous countries, whether as ruling parties in one-party states like the Chinese Communist Party or the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or as ruling parties in multi-party systems, including majority and minority governments as well as leading or being part of several coalitions.
Many other communist parties did not govern any country, but did govern a state or region within a country. Others have also been represented in national, state, or regional parliaments. Some communist parties and schools of thought reject parliamentarism, instead advocating insurrection or social revolution as well as workers' councils.
In the following countries, communist parties either lead the ruling coalition or hold monopoly on state power as defined by their respective country's constitutions.
The following is a list of left communist organizations by country which list only those political organizations and parties who officially call themselves left communist ideologically and still exist.
刘伯明 (哲学家)

劉伯明（1887年—1923年11月24日），名經庶，字伯明。哲學家，教育家。中國現代哲學的先驅者、中國現代自由教育的倡導人、中國現代人文主義的先驅。學贯中西，通儒、道、佛學，治西洋哲學，精于英文，通法文、德文，兼及希臘文、梵文。
江蘇南京人。祖籍山東章丘。幼聰慧，少時學于彙文書院（1910年改為金陵大學），習中西文。畢業後遊學日本，曾參加同盟會，從事民主革命活動。
1911年入美國西北大學攻讀哲學及教育，師從勞維爾，1915年獲哲學博士學位。同年與在美哥倫比亞大學攻讀教育學碩士之陳芬資女士（1889年生，安徽無爲人。1927年任南京市彙文女子中學首任華人校長）結婚。
1915年回國，時彙文書院已改名金陵大學（1952年合併于南京大學），校長包文延劉伯明為國文部主任，教授哲學、哲學史、文學、教育學等。
1915年，南京高等師範學校校長江謙聘劉伯明兼任倫理、哲學、語言等課教授。1919年辭去金陵大學教職，專任南京高師教授，兼訓育主任及文史地部主任。郭秉文繼江謙任南高校長後，為規劃校務，忙於外事，離校期間校務則由劉伯明主持。1921年南京高等師範學校改為國立東南大學（1928年更名中央大學，1949年更名南京大學），任校長辦公室副主任（即今之副校長），曾代理校長職務，除忙於校務外，仍兼文理科主任及哲學系主任，為哲學教授，講學不倦。
1923年11月24日，因積勞成疾而英年早逝，時年37歲。
劉伯明是中國現代哲學的先驅者。他在美國時即以現代學術研究中國哲學文化，1913年著《華人心性論》。他是最早獲得美國哲學博士學位的華人學者，1915年所著博士論文《老子哲學》，被美國哲學界譽為傑作。劉伯明是中國西洋哲學的奠基人，回國后，將西洋哲學系統引入中國，先後著《西洋古代中世紀哲學史大綱》、《近代西洋哲學史大綱》。劉伯明認爲，要了解西方，必須對西方文化的本源先有清楚認識。1921年与同事胡先骕、吴宓、梅光迪等创办《学衡》杂志。在他的影響下，國内學者也透過《學衡》雜誌引介西方哲學特別是希臘哲學的經典論著。
劉伯明倡導人文思想，“力持人文主義以救今之倡實用主義者之弊”。劉氏主張中西調和，以其為領袖的學衡派提倡人文主義，上宗孔子思想，于西學則明其精粹糟粕，審慎擇取，前溯希臘先哲精義，后合西方新人文主義，對學術界有深遠影響。
劉伯明在校“于传授知识之外，独重人格之感化”。在金陵大學期間，以南高兼課收入薪水全部捐給金大圖書館購置中文圖書。在南高東大期間，創立貸金助學法以扶植貧苦力學之士。在南高、東大時，為學校“重心所在”，對現代南京大學校風的形成貢獻至巨。
劉伯明一生投身學術、教育，並致力于現代學風、學者精神的構建。對於學風，劉伯明結合人生理想、世界觀、氣節志向、科學、民主、共和，以及當時代中國的時弊問題，先後發表了《論學風》、《學者之精神》、《再論學者之精神》等系列文章，又曾就學風、教育、世界觀等問題作系列講演。劉伯明倡明的學風、學者精神，流傳于世而爲寶貴的精神遺產。
劉伯明平時博覽群書，以讀書為樂。海內多稱其為“純粹君子”，尊為“南雍祭酒”，奉為“學界精神領袖”。劉伯明去世後，柳詒徵評說他“死後若干年內，恐怕不容易找到像他這樣對中西學問都有本源，能為大家翕服之人”。校內政治系教授兼系主任陳茹玄稱其“薪盡火傳，君身不死。顏天蹠壽，天道寧論”；西洋文學系教授兼系主任吳宓稱其“高標碩望、領袖群賢”，校外學者胡適挽其“鞠躬盡瘁而死，肝膽照人如生”。
熊伟 (哲学家)

熊伟(1911年—1994年)，哲学家，师从张颐、海德格尔，是最早向中国介绍海氏思想的学者，中国海学研究领军人物。被学术界成为“述而不作”的学者，在波恩大学的博士论文《论不可言说》是其唯一的专著，门下有知名弟子王炜等人。
1933年毕业于北京大学哲学系，20世纪30年代留学德国，曾师从海德格尔，博士导师埃里克·罗特哈克（德语：Erich Rothacker）。
回到中国后先后任教于国立中央大学、同济大学和北京大学。
創生之柱

創生之柱是由哈伯太空望遠鏡及韋柏太空望遠鏡拍攝，位於巨蛇座的鷹星雲內由星際氣體和塵埃構成的四個象鼻管結構，距離地球6,500—7,000光年（2,000—2,100秒差距；61—66艾米）。它們之所以如此命名，是因為氣體和塵埃正在創造新的恆星，同時也被最近在附近形成的恆星發出的光侵蝕。拍攝於1995年4月1日的這幅影像，被Space.com（英语：Space.com）評為哈伯望遠鏡最著名的十大照片之一。負責處理這張照片的天文學家是來自亞利桑那州立大學的Jeff Hester和Paul Scowen。ESA的赫歇爾太空望遠鏡在2011年也拍攝了這個區域，哈伯太空望遠鏡在更新相機後，於2014年也再次拍攝。
1999年发射的錢德拉X射線天文臺（AXAF）於2001年觀測了該地區；它雖然沒有在柱中發現許多X射線源，但從該地區的年輕恆星中觀察到各種能級的X射線源。
該圖像以其對全球文化影響而聞名，國家地理在其20周年紀念日指出，該圖像已經出現在從"T恤到咖啡杯"的所有東西上。
創生之柱是基於查爾斯·司布真1857年的佈道文「基督的恩賜」：Pillars of Creation。
這些柱子是由冷的氫分子和塵埃組成，這些塵埃正被相對接近和熱恆星的紫外線的光致蒸發侵蝕。最左邊的柱子長約四光年。雲層頂部的手指狀突起比太陽系大，並且通過蒸發氣體球（EGGs）的陰影可見，這些陰影保護它們後面的氣體免受強烈的紫外線通量照射。EGGs本身就是新恆星的孵化器。然後恆星從EGGs中出現，而EGGs隨後被蒸發。
從史匹哲太空望遠鏡拍攝的影像發現，在創生之柱附近有一團熱塵埃，尼古拉斯·弗拉吉（Nicolas Flagey）認為這是一顆超新星產生的衝擊波。雲的出現表明超新星衝擊波在6,000年前就已經摧毀了創生之柱。考慮到創生之柱距離地球大約7,000光年，這意味著它們實際上已經被摧毀，但由於光以有限速度傳播，這種破壞應該在大約1,000年後才能從地球上看到。但是，一位不曾參與史匹哲觀測的天文學家對熱塵埃的這種解釋提出了質疑，他認為超新星應該產生比觀測到更强的無線電和X射線輻射，大質量恒星的風可能反而加熱了塵埃。如果是這樣的話，創生之柱將經歷更為漸進的侵蝕。
哈伯的柱子照片來自第二代廣域和行星照相機（WFPC2），由4個CCD的32幅不同的影像合成。這張照片是用雲中不同元素發出的光來合成：綠色表示氫，紅色表示單電離的硫，藍色表示雙電離氧原子。
圖片右上角「樓梯形」的缺失部分，源於右上角的相機視野較小 (倍率較高)，以讓天文學家能看見更清楚的細節；當它的圖像被縮小以匹配其它三個相機時，該象限的其餘部分自然是一片漆黑。此現象也存在於 WFPC2 的其它影像上，並且可能存在於任何角落，具體取決於圖像如何轉向以進行發佈。
第二代廣域和行星照相機後來被第三代廣域照相機所取代，前者被帶回地球在博物館展出。此次代換是太空梭STS-125執行哈伯太空望遠鏡第4次維修任務時完成的。
2010年，赫雪爾太空望遠鏡以遠紅外光拍攝了創生之柱的新圖像，使天文學家能夠觀察該地區的柱子和內部結構，並對鷹星雲內部創造和毀滅的機制有了更為全面的瞭解。
為了慶祝哈伯太空望遠鏡發射25週年，天文學家們組合了一張更大，更高解析度的創生之柱照片。該照片於2015年1月在西雅圖舉行的美國天文學會會議上亮相。這張照片是由哈伯望遠鏡的第三代廣域照相機拍攝的，該相機於2009年安裝，可以拍攝可見光和紅外線的圖像。重新拍攝的影像有更寬的視野，可顯示柱子底部更多的模糊部分。
2022年10月，詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜利用航天器上的NIRCam（近紅外光攝影機）拍摄了创世之柱的新图像。该图像非常详细地捕捉到了仍在发育中的年轻恒星形成时的喷射物，正如柱子边缘附近的红色斑点所看到的那样 。
克魯特英雄紀念碑

克鲁特英雄纪念碑（烏克蘭語：Меморіал пам'яті героїв Крут，羅馬化：Memorial pamiati heroiv Krut）位於烏克蘭切爾尼戈夫州克魯特是為纪念1918年1月29日在克鲁特战役中为保卫基辅而牺牲的500名军校学员的紀念碑，他们延缓了布尔什维克红军的推进。紀念碑為10米高的红色柱子，位于一座小山上，有一座教堂和一个十字形的湖泊。2006年8月25日，時任总统维克多·尤先科为其揭幕。
2007年5月20日，纪念碑被潑黄漆破壞，并写上反乌克兰字句。纪念碑的雕塑家表示，該次事件已是纪念碑第二次遭人破坏。
郵箱

郵箱，或稱郵筒，是常見於街道上，收集外寄信件的郵政設施，寄信人若果不便去郵政局，可以把信件投入到就近的郵箱，郵差會定時來郵筒收集信件運回郵局，再分類、運輸及派送。 郵箱是郵政局的固定資產，它是便民設施。
为了向公众展示统一的形象，邮政管理部门通常选择特定的颜色，使公众从总体上识别其服务。从目前各国邮政邮箱的主流颜色来看，红色是使用最为广泛的颜色。
中华人民共和国大陸地區的邮箱颜色统一为绿色。中华民国（台湾）則同時使用綠色（平信）及紅色（限時信件與國際郵件）。
郵箱有多種類型，包括：
1939年間，愛爾蘭共和軍曾於英格蘭的郵筒放下數個炸彈，作為他們S-Plan（英语：S-Plan）的部份計劃。
中国邮箱颜色为绿色，只有澳门例外为红色。香港邮箱颜色在1997年前为红色，1997年后改为绿色。
大多数国家邮箱为红色或黄色。
俄罗斯邮箱为蓝色。
美国邮箱为蓝色。
淺藍色

淺藍色，是一種顏色，又稱淡藍色，是藍色顏色之一，介乎藍色和白色之間，為人所知的一種淺色。
在西方文化經常被使用為衣物、裝飾顏色，和包裹男嬰的亞麻布。淺藍色一般被認為男孩的顏色而女孩則代表粉紅色。
BMW 4系列

BMW 4系列（德語：BMW 4er）是德国汽车制造商BMW所生产的一个中级车系，自2013年10月5日起以轿跑车型（F32）上市，其目的是将既有的3系轿跑车替换为全新的4系，以进一步区分更具运动性的轿跑车。该系列的概念于2012年12月在慕尼黑首次向公众发布，并在次年1月的底特律车展率先亮相。其后配备有硬顶折叠敞篷的敞篷版（F33）于2014年3月8日推出市场。而融合了敞篷和轿跑元素的高级轿跑车（德语：Coupé-Cabriolet）（F36）则可用作配备汽油发动机的428i、428i xDrive和435i，以及柴油发动机的420d。
BMW 4系列是在2013年的底特律车展首次亮相。它取代了3系列原有的轿跑车和敞篷车，并且是E92和E93（德语：BMW E90）的继任者。轿跑型F32共享了3系列F30的所有技术特征。内饰除了2+2的座椅配置外，其余几乎并无二致，而外观也是共享了3系列的整体造型。其轴距为110.6英寸，比3系轿跑车多出2英寸，但与3系轿车相同。BMW还将前轮轮距增加了1.8英寸至60.8英寸，后轮则增加3.1英寸至62.7英寸。其全宽为71.9英寸，比3系轿跑车多出1.7英寸；高度下降0.6英寸，为53.6英寸。总长度为182.7英寸。
车型包括四种不同的配置套件，分别为风尚型、豪华型、运动型和M运动型。它们适用于4系列的全系车型。其中风尚型允许4系买家选择其希望加装在车内的单个选项或套件，精致抛光铝制内饰带高光黑色装饰条是4系的标准配置。豪华型为4系加入了更多的奢华元素，例如豪华风格的铝合金轮圈，带嵌件和珠光镀铬装饰条的胡桃木高级木饰以及前排凹背座椅。炫晶灰色细线纹高级木饰也被包含在套件中。运动型增加了4系的运动特性，例如尺寸更大的铝合金轮圈、红色座椅缝线、红色仪表盘及前排运动型凹背座椅。带亚光珊瑚红装饰条的精致抛光铝制内饰也被包含在套件中。而M运动型则加入了与BMW M类似的细节，例如M风格的车身套件、更大的铝合金轮圈、埃斯托蓝色座椅缝线、埃斯托蓝色仪表盘及前排运动型凹背座椅。带亚光埃斯托蓝色装饰条的铝制六边形内饰也被包含在套件中。埃斯托蓝色还是一个专属的车身颜色，仅提供给该套件选择。
绿松石

绿松石，又称松石，也被稱為突厥玉（法文與英語：turquoise）、土耳其石、土耳其玉。是一种水合铜铝磷酸盐矿物，属于磷酸盐矿物。分子结构式：CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O。一般是由水流沉淀生成，颜色从蓝、绿色到浅绿、浅黄色，硬度则差异较大。其中以蓝色的最为贵重，可作昂贵的首饰装饰。蓝色和蓝绿色翠绿等纯正色彩而且结构致密的，都可作为高级艺术雕刻的材料。绿松石因其美丽的色泽和瑰丽的花纹，成为东方、西方共同喜爱的宝石。在西方绿松石还是现代诞生石中代表十二月的诞生石，象征着成功与必胜。
在歐洲，綠松石被稱為Turquoise。這個名稱來自法語，是土耳其的稱呼之一，因為這種玉石最早由土耳其進口到歐洲，因此得名。
绿松石常以颜色、产地、结构、构造、光泽、质地和产区来分类，而很多分类又或多或少的被视为绿松石的质量等级，而带有重要意义。
因为目前适合打磨而不易破裂的优质天然绿松石很少见，所以若是在商店里看到被打磨成圆珠状或者其它特殊形状的绿松石首饰，基本不会是纯天然的，很可能是改质过的，也可能根本就是合成的。一般只有保持了天然的不规则形状，而且铁线凹陷的绿松石制品，才可能是纯天然的。
人工合成的绿松石。这类所谓的绿松石，因其化学成分与绿松石截然不同，所以并不是真正的绿松石，只不过外表十分相近而以。合成的绿松石通常有以下几种：
为了不列颠运动

为了不列颠运动是英国一个小的极右翼政党，由反伊斯兰活动人士安妮·玛丽·沃特斯在2017年英国独立党领导人选举中落败后创立。它的标志是三叉戟的末端，属于女神不列颠尼亚，是英国民族的象征，并且该标志是在白色的背景上用红色和蓝色装饰。
沃特斯在她和她的支持者被亨利·博尔顿和英国独立党前领导人奈杰尔·法拉奇描述为“纳粹分子和种族主义者”之后，离开了英国独立党，并且组建了该党。这个名字取自她的英国独立党领袖竞选口号“安妮·玛丽代表英国”。沃特斯表示，该党将“与被遗忘的人们对话”。2018年3月9日，为了不列颠运动在选举委员会登记，这是任何希望提名候选人参加选举并为竞选活动征集捐款的政党的要求，命名为“为了不列颠运动”。
臺北市影視音實驗教育機構

臺北市影視音實驗教育機構（英語：Taipei Media School，簡稱TMS），由臺北市政府文化局與台北市文化基金會共同創辦，是一所培育影視音人才的非學校實驗教育機構，位於臺北市公館寶藏巖聚落。
臺北市影視音實驗教育機構為臺北市第一所立案的非學校型態實驗教育機構，專門培育影視及音樂幕後人才。2016年依《高級中等以下教育階段非學校型態實驗教育實施條例》第5條由台北市文化基金會辦學部籌設，向臺北市政府教育局申請立案。臺北市影視音實驗教育機構於2016年9月開學，一學年有四學季，當時兩學季學費新臺幣八萬元，2016年將招三個班、共收四十一位學生。2016年5月18日正式啟動招生，臺北市政府文化局團隊到寶藏巖舉辦第三次說明會，化解當地多數居民對臺北市影視音實驗教育機構進駐、校舍空間分配疑慮。
依照《高級中等以下教育階段非學校型態實驗教育實施條例》，台北市影視音實驗教育機構每學年僅招收41位學生。
學生不限年齡，只要有國中相等學歷者，經評估興趣、動機與潛力後，面試後即可入學。然而第一屆學生出走三成，學校在107學年度招生上新增家庭晤談項目。目前學費兩學季為九萬8000元，扣除政府補助為六萬8000元。
臺北市影視音實驗教育機構首屆校長是台北市文化基金會董事長小野。小野表示，他接任臺北市影視音實驗教育機構首屆校長是他欠臺北市市長柯文哲的人情，強調影視音實驗教育機構是讓學生做自己想做的事；若只想當社會定義的成功者，「千萬不要來報名。」
台北市影視音實驗教育機構採大學選修制，上下課沒有鐘聲，上課地點則在台北市歷史聚落寶藏巖。一年分成兩學期、一學期兩個學季，有四次長假兩週。
現學校課程皆採大學選修制，分為七大領域學習，包含：國際行動力、自學力、體育、實習、影像、音樂及博雅。
強調自主學習，上課時能在課堂中自由走動，甚至直接在地板上討論功課。畢業後可取得高中同等學歷。
影視音實驗教育機構陸續與多所國內外大學簽署合作備忘錄，包含日本映畫大學日本映畫大學（：日本映画大学）、台北藝術大學、台灣藝術大學及台南藝術大學、韓國東亞放送藝術大學。
小野校長在2017年與日本映畫大學（：日本映画大学）校長天願大介簽署合作備忘錄，映畫大學是一所日本唯一以「電影」為教育目的的大學。小野接受訪問時強調「台灣滿需要這種影視教育的交流」，盼促成台日學生跨國交流拍片技術與心得。
2018年2月26日，機構和北藝大、台藝大、南藝大簽署合作備忘錄，未來預計最快三月，不僅師資、課程交流共享，學生畢業後還能免考學測、有機會憑作品直升藝大。
2018年2月，民主進步黨台北市議員李慶鋒質詢時爆料，臺北市影視音實驗教育機構近1/3學生出走，及上課沒有桌椅，遭質疑績效差；前立法委員羅文嘉的女兒是出走學生之一。而台北市市長柯文哲緩頰，稱情況漸穩定。
李慶鋒發現，有家長不滿學校無課桌椅，1年多還沒改善，向校方反映課綱問題，還遭嗆不要干預；羅文嘉女兒也曾在臺北市影視音實驗教育機構就讀，念不到一學期即離開，還公開發文直指該校不符合標準：「有人因為之前看到我寫女兒進入前所實驗教育機構的文章，表示他們孩子也有興趣，為了負責與避免誤解，我必須說，我們選擇離開，是因為以我們的標準而言，該機構是不符合的。每個人標準不同、期待不同，所以仍請多了解、慎重評估。」
柯文哲表示，做一件事很難百分百符合所有人的期望，實驗學校基本精神就是實驗，有很高的失敗風險，有人喜歡、有人不喜歡。他強調，自己問過校長小野，第2屆出走學生已少很多了，第一次比較不穩定，慢慢修正就好，台灣是多元化社會，同一件事不可能所有人都說讚。
機構辦學部前主任陳怡光表示，第一屆學生大多數為高中重讀生，當初認為影視音是好選擇，後來發現不是他們的興趣，校方尊重他們的選擇；而第二屆多是應屆畢業生，2個學季下來，43名學生僅一位離開。
嶺南教育機構

嶺南教育機構（英語：Lingnan Education Organization）是香港的一個基督新教辦學機構，亦是香港唯一一個開辦由幼兒教育至大學教育的辦學機構。機構於1960年代在香港註冊，其溯源於十九世紀末在廣州成立的格致書院。
嶺南教育機構的辦學背景始於在十九世紀末於中國廣州成立的嶺南大學。
1888年，美國美北长老会海外差會決定在廣州創立的一所不隸屬於任何教派的基督新教學府，校址設在四牌樓忠賢街福音堂，名為「格致書院」，後更名為「嶺南學堂」。1904年，學堂遷入前一年教會所購之康樂園新址；1912年，學堂改稱「嶺南學校」；1916年，學校設立大學部；1927年，學校正式名為「嶺南大學」。
嶺南教育機構在香港的歷史可追溯至1922年，當時廣州的嶺南大學鍾榮光校長委派了嶺南校友及老師司徒衛先生(亦是嶺南校徽設計者)到香港開辦分校，最先開辦了小學(即今天的嶺南小學)。及後香港淪陷，學校被迫停課。 第二次世界大戰抗戰期間，廣州淪陷。嶺南大學於1938年11月至1941年間，暫借香港大學上課。 香港重光後，於1946年開初中部（即今天的嶺南中學）。
中华人民共和国成立後，於1952年實施高校院系調整，大量有宗教背景的高等院校被併入其他院校甚至停辦。在廣州的嶺南大學於1952年被併入中山大學，但嶺南機構在香港的辦學歷史並沒有因此停止，更於1954年設立高中部。1963年，嶺南中學增設英文部，與學校的中文部並行教育。
雖然廣州的嶺南大學被併入中山大學，但原廣州嶺南大學的一些重要人物，例如李應林，及其他在中國大陸被兼併的基督教大學，都有一些曾受高等教育的知識分子來到香港，在香港創立了崇基學院，它此後為香港中文大學三所創校成員書院之一。
1964年，嶺南大學香港同學會創辦了嶺南同學會小學，為在港的第二所嶺南系列小學。
1961年，「嶺南中學校董會」聯合「嶺南大學香港同學會」及「嶺南會所」組成了「嶺南教育擴展會」，為嶺南大學在香港復校而努力。它們於1967年落實在港復校的目標。由於當時政府不准民辦學校稱為大學，所以只能稱為「嶺南書院」。由於當時香港缺乏高等院校學額，書院正好為香港青年提供接受專上教育的機會。當時書院的校址位於香港島司徒拔道15號。因為政府在當時不認可民辦院校開辦學位課程，所以書院開辦初期只能提供一些預科及非學位課程。
1978年，嶺南書院接受香港政府提出的「二二一」學制建議，獲香港政府批准註冊為專上學院，並由港府提供資助，嶺南書院改名為「嶺南學院」。
1991年，嶺南學院通過香港學術評審局評審，獲大學及理工教育資助委員會資助，開辦資助學士學位課程。
1995年，嶺南學院遷入在屯門虎地的前船民禁閉營地皮興建的新校舍，並於1999年升格為嶺南大學。
嶺南大學雖然在1999年成為法定大學，政府在大學的行政具有主導權，但嶺南教育機構仍按《嶺南大學條例》，在嶺大校董會中佔一定席位，並在諮議會中佔多數席位。在嶺南大學現有架構中，嶺南教育機構在校董會有7位代表，而諮議會則有19位代表。
1950年3月13日，「嶺南教育機構」最先以擔保公司形式成立為本地有限公司，中文名稱為「嶺南中學有限公司」，英文名稱為“Lingnan Middle School Limited”，公司註冊編號0003035。
1969年1月29日，嶺南中學有限公司將中文名稱改為「嶺南教育機構」，英文名稱改為“Lingnan Education Organization Limited"。
2011年6月10日，嶺南教育機構向公司註冊處呈交「註冊辦事處地址更改通知書」，將原來註冊地址「司徒拔道東山台7號」（嶺南幼稚園所在），改為「中環德輔道中25號安樂園大廈12樓」(嶺南會所地址)，生效日期為2011年6月7日。
1970年代後期嶺南在港的辦學開始活躍：
2011年6月18日，嶺南教育機構向嶺南小學暨幼稚園／嶺南幼兒園的家長宣佈，因仳鄰前嶺南書院舊址即將發展私人住宅有潛在危險，嶺南小學／幼稚園／幼兒園必須遷出東山台的現址，事件引起不少家長關注，並成立「前嶺南書院發展項目關注組」，嶺南教育機構考慮家長及社區需求後，已決定原址重建新校舍。
現時嶺南教育機構共有1所幼兒園、1所幼稚園、2所小學、3所中學及1所教資會資助大學。
所有嶺南教育機構的學校都是秉承廣州嶺南大學的校訓：「弘基格致，服務社群」、「為神為國為嶺南」，以「基督精神」為本，發展全人教育。
所有嶺南教育機構的學校都是沿用廣州的嶺南大學的傳統校歌（原曲歌詞兩段，今只採用第一段歌詞），由Annie Lisle 作曲，葛理佩（Mrs. H.B. Garybill）填詞（原文為英文），陳輯五譯寫中文歌詞。歌詞可參看此網頁.
中华人民共和国教育部

中华人民共和国教育部，简称教育部，是中华人民共和国国务院主管教育事业和语言文字工作的组成部门。
中华人民共和国教育部现有19个内设司、局，中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会秘书处也设在其中。另外，教育部还直接管理6个教育类社会团体和组织。
1949年10月，中华人民共和国成立后，成立政务院文化教育委员会、中央人民政府教育部；1952年11月增设中央人民政府高等教育部、中央人民政府体育运动委员会、中央人民政府扫除文盲工作委员会。1954年，重新组建教育部，将扫除文盲工作委员会的职责并入教育部；1958年2月，高等教育部并入教育部。1964年7月，恢复高等教育部。1966年7月，高等教育部再次并入教育部。
1970年6月，中共中央决定撤销教育部，成立国务院科教组。1975年1月，第四届全国人民代表大会决定恢复教育部。1985年6月18日全国人大六届十一次常委会决定撤销教育部，设立中华人民共和国国家教育委员会（简称国家教委）。1998年，九届全国人大一次会议通过的《关于国务院机构改革的决定》，国家教育委员会更名为教育部。
2020年8月31日，根据国家发展和改革委员会《关于全面推开行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革的实施意见》（发改体改〔2019〕1063号）、《关于做好全面推开全国性行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革工作的通知》（联组办〔2019〕2号），原由教育部主管的中国社会工作教育协会、中国教育技术协会、中国民办教育协会等14家行业协会（商会）与教育部分离，依法直接登记、独立运行，剥离行政职能，不再设置业务主管单位。取消对其的直接财政拨款，通过政府购买服务等方式支持其发展。
2021年2月10日，经中央机构编制委员会办公室批准，教育部科学技术司更名为教育部科学技术与信息化司。
2021年6月15日，根据《中央编办关于调整教育部职责机构编制的通知》，教育部成立校外教育培训监管司。
2022年2月，根据中央机构编制委员会办公室批复，教育部决定教育部教育发展研究中心并入中国教育科学研究院。教育部基础教育课程教材发展中心并入课程教材研究所。教育部外资贷款事务中心并入全国学生资助管理中心。教育部高等学校社会科学发展研究中心和教育部科技发展中心整合，组建教育部高等学校科学研究发展中心。中央电化教育馆和教育部教育装备研究与发展中心整合，组建教育部教育技术与资源发展中心，保留中央电化教育馆牌子。新建成立教育部宣传教育中心。全国高等学校学生信息咨询与就业指导中心更名为教育部学生服务与素质发展中心。教育部考试中心更名为教育部教育考试院，保留原加挂的教育部教师资格考试中心、国际教育测量交流与合作中心牌子。教育部高等教育教学评估中心更名为教育部教育质量评估中心。教育部职业技术教育中心研究所更名为教育部职业教育发展中心。
2022年3月29日，教育部將教育部新职业网和24365智慧就业平台合併為「国家24365大学生就业服务平台」。
根据《教育部职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定》，教育部承担下列职责：
根据《教育部职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定》，教育部设置下列机构：
中央教育工作领导小组秘书组设在教育部，接受中央教育工作领导小组直接领导。
教育部直属高等学校共75所。其中党委书记和校长列入中央管理的高校26所，名单如下：
仁

仁是古代中国人的伦理观念，因为儒家的发展而成为中国古代重要的道德标准、人格境界及哲學概念。孔子之前已经有关于“仁”的观念，但是孔子对“仁”的重视和阐述提高了它的重要性。很多学者认为“仁”是孔子思想的核心。
「仁」字可能是春秋時代的新名詞。羅振玉《殷墟書契前編》2卷19頁的第1片甲骨文卜辭雖收有一個像「仁」的字，不過許多研究古文字的學者不同意這樣的解讀。他們認為這片卜辭的上下文字皆有殘缺，這個字不但有殘缺，而且左右兩邊的漢字構件隔得很開。有人認為這個字右邊的“二”，實際上是一個“兆序”數字，並非該字構形的一部分。所以，甲骨文中應當還未有“仁”字。而金文中迄今所見唯一的一個“仁”字，只出現在戰國中晚期的中山王𰯼鼎中，寫作「𡰥」。
东汉许慎《说文解字》解释“仁”字：“親也。从人二。忎，古文仁，从千心作。外“尸”内“二”，古文仁，或从尸。”按照《说文解字》的解释，这里的“親”就是親近之意。段玉裁认为“仁”表示两个人之间的親近，所以“仁”字“从人二”。至於𡰥的構字，其左側的「尸」是「人」的另一種寫法，象箕踞而坐的人形，所以寫作「𡰥」。
另外一種寫法，「」（上「千」下「心」，忎）則是戰國「仁」字「」（上「身」下「心」，𰑢）或「」（上「人」下「心」，𰐼）的訛寫。
傳世文獻中，《書》最早出現仁字。《周書·金縢》有「予仁若考」之語，然此“仁”字何解，歷來頗有爭議。俞樾在《群經平議》提出該字實為「佞」之假借字。清華簡《金縢》的整理者將該字隸定為「年」，讀為同是泥母真部的「佞」。其餘出現仁字的篇章皆為偽古文尚書。《詩》出現兩次仁字，分別在《鄭風·叔于田》和《齊風·盧令》，用以讚美狩獵者的英姿。至《國語》、《左傳》、《公羊傳》、《穀梁傳》，“仁”字已頻繁出現。《左傳》中“仁”字出現了四十餘次，多在孔子之前，其中有一些無論就文句表述或義理而論，已和孔子的“仁”相契合。孔子以前，人们一般把尊亲敬长、爱及民众，忠于君主和仪文美德都称为仁。
孔子继承了前人的观念，并且把“仁”发展成为系统的仁说。《论语》中出现表述其核心思想的“仁”字的地方有58段共105字，孔子把“仁”作为实践中的指导原理并使之贯穿于诸道德中。他的弟子樊迟问孔子什么是仁，孔子问答说："爱人"，主要意義是善待他人。孔子闡述了君子應當是仁者的觀點。孔子的“仁”，涵义甚广。《颜渊篇》记载颜渊、仲弓、司马牛三人“问仁”，孔子有三种答案。
最直接的詮釋為：
對於孔子來說，仁即禮，禮即周禮。子曰：“吾學周禮，今用之，吾從周。”（《中庸·28》）因此，回歸周禮，這就叫作「仁」。不符合周禮的，就不會心安理得，就不要看、不要聽、不要說、不要行動。
孟子認為仁的由來是惻隱之心，即同情心。其一例為見"孺子將入於井"時的"不忍人之心"。
仁與義合稱為仁義。
李泽厚
仁学思想可分四因素：血缘基础，心理原则，人道主义，个体人格。其整体特征则是实践理性。
杨泽波
仁是社会生活和智性思维在内心结晶而成的心理的境况和境界，简称“伦理心境”。仁就是后来孟子说的良心。
傅佩荣
仁的主要内涵就是真诚——由真诚而自觉为行为之主体，行善的力量由内而发。
杨立华
仁就是心灵的最高的主动性的实现。 仁包四德 - 义、礼、智、信。仁是刚德。
仁作為敬稱的用法，如「仁兄」，是對同輩朋友的敬稱。「仁弟」是對同輩中年輕者的敬稱。佛經中，出現以「仁者」一詞對譯mārisa（先生、閣下 [作為敬稱]）、āvuso（學友 [對同輩或晚輩使用的敬稱]）的用法。佛經以外的古代文獻通常不這樣用，仁者是指志士仁人、有仁德的人，而不作敬稱。
在英文中，仁字一般被翻译为“benevolence”，或被音译为“ren”、“jen”等。不同的译法体现了不同作者对“仁”的理解。
孔子家语

《孔子家语》是中国古代记述孔子思想和生平的著作，其内容是自汉朝以前到汉朝早期不断编纂而成，后来王肃对其进行整理，凡二十七卷，现存十卷。在四庫全書中為子部儒家類。
《孔子家语》的争议很多。颜师古注《汉书》时，曾指出《孔子家语》二十七卷本“非今所有家语”。王柏《家语考》首先提出《孔子家语》是偽書，清代姚际恒《古今伪书考》、范家相《家语证伪》、孙志祖《家语疏证》，還有崔述、皮錫瑞、王聘珍、丁晏也都认为是伪书。孫志祖說：“至於《家語》，肅以前學者絕不及引……，其偽安國後序云以意增損，其言則已自供皇狀然……夫敘孔子之書，而先言奪鄭氏之學，則是傅會古說攻駁前儒可知矣”。
陳士珂《孔子家語疏證》則認為不是偽書：“予觀周末漢初諸子，其稱述孔子之言類多彼此互見，損益成文……然其書並行，至於今不廢，何獨於是編而疑之也”。
錢馥《家語疏證跋》認為不是偽書，但有經過加工，王肅所注《孔子家語》是在二十七篇的基礎上增加了十七篇。《四库全书总目提要》说：“其书流传已久，且遗文轶事，往往多见于其中。故自唐以来，知其伪而不能废也。”
顧頡剛撰寫《孔子研究講義》一書明確指出《孔子家語》為王肅偽作，“無任何取信之價值”。1970年代以來，由於出土文獻的出現，給《孔子家語》的研究帶來了新的契機。1973年河北定州八角廊出土了漢墓竹簡中有《儒家者言》，内容与《家语》相近。1977年安徽阜陽雙古堆出土了漢墓木牘，内容同《家语》有关，另有英藏敦煌寫本《孔子家語》。李學勤認為，《孔子家語》可能成于孔安國、孔僖、孔季彥、孔猛等人之手。山东大学儒学高等研究院特聘教授楊朝明甚至指出《孔子家語》的價值並不在《論語》之下。
孔子弟子列表

孔子传说有3000個弟子，孔子认为“受业身通者七十有七人”（据《史記·仲尼弟子列傳》）。又一说：贤人七十二。
《仲尼弟子列传》是司馬遷在《史記》中整理出孔子弟子的多人合传。在这篇列传中，有记述较详者，亦有记述简略，只有两字人名，例如商泽、孔忠；可能也有遺漏者，例如郑玄稱子禽是孔子的學生，但《史记》未载此人；又秦堇父曾和叔梁纥一起投軍，“生秦丕兹，事仲尼。”，《史記》亦不載秦丕兹。
《仲尼弟子列传》也有不少錯誤，例如记录子贡錯誤百出，子貢參加“艾陵之战”，“大破齐军，获七将军之兵而不归”，《左传》只记有五将军。
据《史记》记载，孔子有弟子三千，其中精通六艺者七十二人，称“七十二贤人”。 孔子有十位傑出弟子，號稱孔門四科十哲：
在德行方面出众的有：颜回（子淵）、闵损（子騫）、冉耕（伯牛）、冉雍（仲弓）。
在言语方面出众的有：宰予（子我）、端木赐（子貢）。
在文学方面出众的有：言偃（子游）、卜商（子夏）。
在政事方面出众的有：冉求（子有）、仲由（子路）。
十哲以外，在文学方面出众的有颛孙师（子張）、曾参（子輿）、澹臺滅明（子羽）、原宪（子思）、公冶长（子長）、樊须（子遲）、有若（子有）、公西赤（子華）。
孔子死后，“七十子之徒散游诸侯，大者为师傅卿相，小者友教士大夫。”这样就在政治上打破了贵族垄断的世卿世禄制，为专制君主自由任免布衣卿相的官僚体制创造了条件。底下是四科十哲與相關弟子資料：
I.德行科：
II.言語科：
III.文學科：
IV.政事科：
V.其他：
[在维基数据编辑]
司馬遷. 仲尼弟子列傳. 史記. [-61].
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