davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Clave (instrumento de percusión)

Las claves son un instrumento de pequeña percusión formado por un par de bastones cilíndricos de madera maciza. Su diámetro es de aproximadamente 2 centímetros por una longitud de 25 cm. También se llama clave al instrumentista que lo ejecuta.
El sonido se produce al percutir uno sobre el otro. El ejecutante debe procurar sujetar el instrumento utilizando la menor superficie posible, para no ahogar el sonido. El timbre de este instrumento es agudo y dependiente del material o corte y tipo de madera, así también como de su acabado.Es un instrumento de altura determinada.
Su origen es afro-cubano, proveniente de clavijas de ácanas que fijaban el maderamen de los barcos donde traían a los esclavos africanos.​ Desde Cuba, las claves pasaron a la música latinoamericana, donde se usan para marcar el ritmo, y de la música de baile pasaron a las orquestas de concierto.
Las claves son un instrumento de percusión de madera agitada formado por un par de bastones cilíndricos de madera maciza. Es el elemento fundamental y creador de toda la música de Latinoamérica.
Dicha percusión no entraña ni el más mínimo secreto o dificultad, puesto que cualquier persona que se encuentre oyendo música cubana, es capaz de seguir el distinguido ritmo con sus palmas de forma fácil, sencilla y grácil. El ejemplo lo encontramos en cualquier local de música latina del mundo, sean de cultura Occidental, Oriental, Islámica, o cualquier otra.
Aún careciendo de toda posibilidad melódica y/o armónica, estos dos palitos (y su patrón rítmico, sea 2/3 o 3/2) se han crecido tanto en las orquestaciones de música latina, que cualquier discusión acerca de la importancia de cada variable (sea instrumental o de composición) queda relegada a la infamia con solo nombrar "las claves", puesto que en estas (y no en otras consideraciones) es donde realmente se encuentra el secreto de la música latinoamericana en general, y de toda la salsa hecha en cualquier país del mundo en particular.
La clave montuna se toca en patrones rítmicos de 4 tiempos (compasillo) o dos tiempos, según la notación musical, la velocidad y la intención del compositor.
En un primer momento, se utilizaron para marcar el ritmo de trabajo entre los astilleros cubanos.​
La mujer doble

La mujer doble es una telenovela de época de la televisión colombiana producida por Caracol Televisión y emitida por la Cadena Uno en 1992. Basada en la obra original del libro homónimo de Próspero Morales Pradilla, el autor de otra obra que tuvo mucha acogida: Los pecados de Inés de Hinojosa; con la adaptación libre para T.V. y libretos de Carlos Enrique Taboada, Luis Felipe Salamanca y Darío García.
Sus protagonistas son Ruddy Rodríguez y Carlos Vives, con las participaciones antagónicas de César Mora, Florina Lemaitre y Margalida Castro, y con la actuación especial de Nórida Rodríguez. Una historia de brujas, inquisidores, doncellas, esclavos y espadachines, que se debaten entre el amor y el odio movidos por el hechizo de una temible bruja.
Se trata de una historia de amor que se desarrolla en la época de la colonia durante el periodo de la Inquisición, entre Carmen del Socorro Figueroa Carmita y Mateo Escondria, ellos se aman en secreto y solo lo sabe su prima huérfana Marina, quien fue recogida por el padre de Carmita, ella siempre vio a Marina como una hermana, pero Marina siempre ha odiado y envidiado todas las cosas que posee Carmita hasta el amor de Mateo.
Marina buscará la ayuda de la Bruja Renata quien valiéndose de una poderosa maldición haciendo un pacto con el Diablo, hará que Carmita , una dama bondadosa y dulce en los momentos de pasión y amor estando cerca de su amado Mateo, se convierta en una mujer llena de lujuria y erotismo llamada Lupe Cruz. Esta situación ocasionará que sufra la búsqueda y persecución encabezada por el Inquisidor General; quien al llegar a sus oídos se convierta en amenaza contra la autoridad de la iglesia, el cual encomienda a un "familiar espía" del Santo Oficio, quien es nada más y nada menos que Mateo, la tarea de investigar y capturar a dicha Mujer Doble.
La maldición no es más que una venganza de la Bruja, quien fue abusada por el padre de Carmita, un conde de origen español, quedando embaraza de una niña, la cual fue arrebata de sus manos y quien en realidad es Marina la cual está obsesionada por el dinero y la posición social que pueda brindarle el matrimonio con Mateo.
Carmita vivirá atormentada al tener episodios de alucinaciones demoniacas y ataques nerviosos, pero Mateo caerá en desgracia y sufrirá la condena de la inquisición por proteger a su amada, lo único que los podrá salvar será el sacrificio de la persona que comparta la misma sangre que fue maldita, es decir, deberán morir: ¿Carmita o Marina? o ambas para acabar con la maldición de la bruja?.
La lujuria, la brujería, los secretos, los deseos e intrigas de una época dominada por el oscurantismo y la Inquisición, y en general en la lucha entre el poder eclesiástico y las nuevas ideas y la rebeldía propia del hombre durante la colonia, en el Nuevo Reino de Granada del siglo XVI, representados dentro del cuerpo de una mujer bella y sensual.
La mujer del Vendaval

La mujer del Vendaval es una telenovela mexicana producida por MaPat López de Zatarain para Televisa. Está protagonizada por Ariadne Díaz y José Ron y con las participaciones antagónicas de Chantal Andere, Alfredo Adame, Manuel "Flaco" Ibáñez, Florencia de Saracho, Marco Muñoz, Thelma Madrigal y Javier Jattin.​
Es una versión de la telenovela venezolana Un esposo para Estela.
La mujer del Vendaval narra la historia de Marcela, una joven huérfana dueña de una hacienda en ruinas y llena de deudas llamada "El Vendaval". Al morir su madre, Marcela descubre que necesita un esposo para poder cobrar la herencia que esta le dejó. Desesperada, viendo que esa es la única manera de conseguir dinero para salvar la hacienda, coloca un anuncio en el periódico solicitando candidatos. Entre los muchos hombres que se presentan a la convocatoria, se encuentra Alessandro, el heredero de una cadena hotelera internacional, de todos los candidatos él es el único que la conoce o la conoció.
Un mes atrás, ambos se habían encontrado en una isla. Ella quería morir, él quería olvidar. Por una noche, esas dos soledades jugaron a ser felices. Al día siguiente, la mujer desapareció sin dejar rastro, al mismo tiempo que Alessandro descubría que un costoso collar de la familia no estaba más en su caja fuerte. Alessandro decide que irá al Vendaval para recuperar la joya que cree está en manos de Marcela, pero en realidad él quiere demostrar que ella es inocente.
El Grupo Televisa lanza a la venta en formato DVD sus novelas.​
Avenida de las Camelias

"Avenida de las Camelias" (Camellia Avenue) is an Argentine military march composed in 1915 by Pedro Maranesi. It is a completely instrumental work usually played with bass drums and trumpets. Its vigorous rhythm makes it one of the main marches of the Argentine Armed Forces, which currently perform it in their parades and ceremonies, next to the San Lorenzo march.
Very little history is known about this march. Oral tradition dates its inspiration to 1915, when the 5th Army Division Band was rehearsing some marching maneuvers in a small village in Salta Province called Campo del Durazno, in Rosario de la Frontera Department. A new street was opened there, which was named after Camellia flowers that were around it. Maestro Pedro Maranesi took this fact and composed a march on the bass drumhead, and named it Avenida de las Camelias.
The march quickly earned a big popularity, being performed in numerous military parades, ceremonies and internal activities of the Argentine Armed Forces, and played by bands in foreign countries as well, such as Germany and Poland. It was also profusely used during the Argentine military dictatorship of 1976 to 1983, also known as the National Reorganization Process.
Cairo (Karol G and Ovy on the Drums song)

"Cairo" (stylized in all caps) is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Karol G and singer-songwriter and producer Ovy on the Drums. It was written by Karol G, Keityn and Ovy on the Drums, and produced by the latter. The song was released on November 13, 2022, through Universal Music Latino, as the third single from her fourth studio album, Mañana Será Bonito.
The song was announced on November 8, 2022, through Karol G's social media platforms. The song was released on November 13, 2022.
"Cairo" debuted at number 8 on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 during the chart dated December 3, 2022. During its 8th week on the chart, the song reached a new peak at number 7 on the chart dated February 4, 2023. During the release of its parent album, Mañana Será Bonito, the song entered the US Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 82. It became Ovy on the Drums' first entry on the chart.
On the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart dated November 26, 2022, the song debuted at number 16, becoming Ovy on the Drums highest debut and peaking song on the chart. The following week the song reached a new peak at number 11 on the chart dated December 3, 2022. It became Giraldo's twentieth top 15 and Drums' first on the chart.
On the Billboard Global 200 the song debuted at number 89 on the chart dated December 3, 2022, becoming Drums' first entry on the chart. On the chart dated March 11, 2023, the song reached its peak of 51.
The music video for "Cairo" was directed by Pedro Artola, shot in Cairo and was released on Karol G's YouTube channel on November 13, 2022.
At the 23rd Annual Latin Grammy Awards, held on November 17, 2022, Karol G performed a mash-up of "Provenza", "Gatúbela" and "Cairo". On March 10, 2023, Karol G performed "Cairo" in Puerto Rico for a three-day stadium-show to promote the album Mañana Será Bonito. From August 10, 2023, to July 23, 2024, Karol G embarked on the arena-stadium Mañana Será Bonito Tour, where "Cairo" was present throughout the set list.
List of indigenous languages of Argentina

This is a list of indigenous languages that are or were spoken in the present territory of Argentina.
Although the official language of Argentina is Spanish, several Indigenous languages are in use. Most are spoken only within their respective indigenous communities, some with very few remaining speakers. Others, especially Aymara, Quechua (South Bolivian Quechua and Santiago del Estero Quichua), Toba (Qom) and Guaraní (Western Argentine Guaraní, Paraguayan Guaraní, Mbyá Guaraní), are alive and in common use in specific regions. Finally, some such as Abipón and Yaghan, are now completely extinct. Since 2004 the Guaraní language is official, together with Spanish, in the northeastern Corrientes Province.
[+] Dubious. Fabre states (with convincing arguments) that no Kaiwá live in Argentina. [*] Some authors give this languages as extinct. (?) Tentative classification
A large number of languages once spoken in Argentina have disappeared. According to Censabella (1999), two thirds of the languages spoken when the Spaniards arrived became extinct. In some cases, the languages disappeared along with the ethnic groups that spoke them; in other, the acculturation and transculturation phenomena associated with deep changes in the living conditions of the indigenous peoples caused the extinction, even if a number of individuals of the ethnical group still survive.
Other extinct languages are known just by the ethnic group that spoke them, since very scarce (if any) linguistic material remains. Among them: Omaguaca; Sanavirón; several languages probably belonging to the Guaycurú family but known by their Guaraní ethnonyms as Mbayá, Payaguá, Minuané, Mbeguá, Timbú, Corondá, Quiloazá and Colastiné; and others related to the Chon stock, as Manek'enk and Teushen.
List of craters in the Solar System

This is a list of officially named craters in the Solar System as named by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. As of 2017, there is a total of 5,223 craters on 40 astronomical bodies, which includes minor planets (asteroids and dwarf planets), planets, and natural satellites. All geological features of a body (including craters) are typically named after a specific theme. For completeness, the list also refers to the craters on § Earth, which naming process is not overseen by IAU's WGPSN.
Liverpool (2008 film)

Liverpool is a 2008 Argentine drama film directed by Lisandro Alonso, co-written with Salvador Roselli, and starring Juan Fernández.
The film had its world premiere at the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, and was theatrically released in Argentina on 30 October 2008.
The film follows Farrel, a merchant seaman who applies for leave in Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego to visit his mother in his home village after twenty years away. Farrel is played by Juan Fernández, a native of Ushuaia who drives a snow plow for a living.
It screened at many international film festivals, including 2008 Cannes Film Festival, Toronto International Film Festival and Maryland Film Festival. The film was released on DVD by Kino International on 30 November 2010. The cinematography was by Lucio Bonelli.
The LA Times called it a "bold, successful attempt at a film narrative in which images are everything and words are few." The New York Times concluded that "Although it has its visual pleasures, and there’s plenty to admire about his compositions, the journey in “Liverpool” seems comparatively slight". Variety felt that the "[b]rilliance of the overall conception and execution will immediately hit some viewers, while others may need to mull things over".
Bombo criollo

The bombo criollo, or simply bombo, is a family of Latin American drums derived from the European bass drum (also called in Spanish bombo) and native Latin American drum traditions. These drums are of smaller dimensions than the orchestral bass drum, and their frame can be made of wood or steel. They can be held vertically or diagonally on the body or a stand. The specific make of the instrument depends on the regional tradition. In Argentina, the bombo criollo is called bombo legüero and played in many folkloric styles. In Cuba, bombos are the largest drums played by the street comparsas in Santiago. In other countries, the term tambora is commonly used.
The bombo should not be confused with the Puerto Rican bomba, a genre of music played with hand drums called barriles de bomba (bomba barrels), which are unrelated to the European bass drums.
The bombo legüero is a common instrument in Argentine folk traditions such as zamba and chacarera. The body of the drum is made out of a hollowed tree trunk, and the head is made of animal skins.
The bombo or tambora is the lowest drum used in conga santiaguera, the music of the street carnivals from Santiago de Cuba. They are tuneable, two-headed military drums introduced in the island by the Spanish settlers.
In tumba francesa and tahona, two styles imported into Oriente by Afro-Haitian slaves after the Haitian Revolution, the bass drum (slightly smaller than the bombo) is called tambora, tamborita or tambuché.
In some Latin American countries the term tambora is used to refer to bombos criollos. Nonetheless, tamboras are generally wider than other bombos criollos, possibly being an adaptation of both European bass drums (bombos) and side drums (redoblantes).
In Colombia and Panama, tamboras are used to play cumbia. Traditionally, this kind of tambora is played with sticks and fixed on a stand.
In the Dominican Republic, tamboras are two-headed drums used in merengue music. They were traditionally made from salvaged rum barrels.
Mexican tamboras have a diameter of 20 to 26 inches. There are two types of tambora in Mexican music: a traditional, with no cymbals, used in the folk ensembles tamborileros del norte, violín y tambora and jaraberos, and the one used en Mexican brass bands, as in banda sinaloense, tamborazo zacatecano and duranguense which has a cymbal over the frame and a stand for the drum. A felt mallet is used to beat the drum.
The Venezuelan tambora is played in gaita zuliana. It is a one-headed drum played with sticks. The player can sit on it or put it between his or her legs to perform rhythms on the instrument, strucking the head, the rim or the body of the drum.
Bombo legüero

'Bombo legüero' is an Argentine drum traditionally made of a hollowed tree trunk and covered with cured skins of animals such as goats, cows (leather) or sheep; legüero signifies that one could supposedly hear it a league away. It derives from the old European military drums, and uses a similar arrangement of hoops and leather thongs and loops to tighten the drumheads, which are usually double. It is also called bombo legüero to differentiate it from similar large drums. The body is made of a hollow log, with the inside scraped and chiseled. The drumheads are made of the skins of animals such as cows, sheep, or guanacos. Because the fur is left on the hide, the bombo's sound is deep and dark. The bombo is played while hanging to the side of the drummer, who drapes one arm over the drum, to play it from above, while also striking it from the front. The player's hands hold a soft-headed mallet and a stick, which strike drumhead and wooden rim in alternation. The bombo serves as a combination of bass and percussion, not just maintaining the meter, but evoking an elemental, visceral response. The legüero is an essential element of Argentine Folclore (zamba, chacarera, etc.) popularized by musicians like Los Chalchaleros, Tremor, Los Fronterizos, Carlos Rivero, Soledad Pastorutti, and Mercedes Sosa.
Hate Forest

Hate Forest is a Ukrainian black metal band formed by Roman Saenko, the leading member of Drudkh, Dark Ages, and Blood of Kingu. Thurios joined the band in 1998 after the recording of Scythia. The music is mostly very fast, but occasionally slow, with low, distorted vocals, raw low fidelity quality production, sometimes with programmed drums (drummer is a live player during concerts), and dark ambient elements (some releases have consisted entirely of dark ambient tracks). Musical influences are mostly from Scandinavian black metal to traditional death metal, especially Bolt Thrower (they covered their song "Cenotaph"). According to the band, its lyrics are about mythology, mainly Slavic, and inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's stories and Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy. The band never gave interviews, never released photos, and held its distance from the black metal scene. After Hate Forest disbanded, Saenko focused on Drudkh, and other side projects such as Blood of Kingu, Windswept and Precambrian which are of different inspirations. After a 16 year hiatus Saenko released a new album in 2020 under the Hate Forest name titled "Hour of the Centaur" and has steadily released more albums and EPs from that point.
Forest National

Forest National (French) or Vorst Nationaal (Dutch) is a multi-purpose arena located in the municipality of Forest in Brussels, Belgium. The arena can hold more than 8,000 people. It hosts indoor sporting events as well as concerts by a wide variety of artists.
The arena, which opened in 1970, offers between 2,500 and 8,000 seats, depending on the event and is a member of European Arenas Association (EAA). Known for its circular interior, it is owned by the Music Hall Group and operated by be•at (formerly Sportpaleis Group).
Forest National opened on 8 October 1970 with a performance by Maurice Béjart's Ballet of the 20th Century. Originally, it had a capacity of 5,500 seats. A renovation followed in 1995, which increased the capacity to 8,400 seats and improved lighting and sound systems. On that occasion, the façade was renovated, the foyer was expanded, and a new stage adjustable in height and width was also installed.
In 2005, there were plans for a new venue on the border with the Flemish municipalities of Drogenbos and Sint-Pieters-Leeuw. It was to be almost twice as large (12,000 to 15,000 seats) and should have been opened in September 2010. However, on 3 September 2008, it was announced that the owner, Music Hall Group NV, had decided not to build a new concert hall.
In 2013, the Sportpaleis Group took over the operation of the hall, while Music Hall Group remained as the owners. The following year, renovations followed, with the seats numbered and new foyers provided. One of these foyers is located in an old backstage room where a 'Wall Of Fame' was created because artists wrote personal messages on the wall. This can be visited by the public. The renovation works were carried out in 2014 by Mathieu Gijbels and ABV + Architecten.
Forest National has hosted sports competitions such as the Donnay Indoor Championships tennis tournament from 1981 to 1992 and the Belgian Basketball Cup since the 2014–15 season. It was the home arena for Brussels Royal IHSC ice hockey team until 2008. Between 18 and 20 September 2015, in front of a total of 17,000 spectators, a new record attendance record for the Davis Cup tennis event in Belgium was set in the semi-final between Belgium and Argentina (3:2). On 17 March 2025, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) recorded an episode of WWE Raw live for Netflix from the arena.
International artists that performed in Forest National include:
Geophone (musical instrument)

The geophone, now often known as the ocean drum is a percussion instrument, invented by the French composer Olivier Messiaen for use in his large composition for piano and orchestra entitled Des canyons aux étoiles… ("From the canyons to the stars…") and later appeared in his other works. It consists of a drum filled with thousands of small lead pellets, and is played by swirling it around slowly so that the noise of the pellets resembles the sound of dry shifting earth.
Messiaen commissioned a Parisian instrument maker to construct one to his sketches, and he carried this instrument worldwide to early performances of the piece (which was given its first performance in New York City). Messiaen's wife, Yvonne Loriod, commented that when she and the composer first collected the new instrument from the maker in her car it made a "splendid crescendo" whenever they went around a corner.
It is now commonly known as the ocean drum.
செந்தூரா மாம்பழம்

செந்தூரா மாம்பழம் (Sendura mango) என்பது மாம்பழங்களில் ஒரு வகையாகும். இது மாம்பழங்கள் காய்க்கும் பருவத்தில் முன் பருவத்தில் காய்க்கும் இரக மாம்பழமாகும். இது நடுத்தர வளர்ச்சிக் கொண்டது. இவ்வகை மாம்பழங்கள் சிறியதாக உள்ளவை. நல்ல இருப்புத்தன்மைக் கொண்டதால் நீண்டதொலைவுக்கு எடுத்துச்செல்லலாம். இது நல்ல சுவை உடையதாகவும், நறு மணம் உடையதாகவும் உள்ளது. கெட்டியான சதைப்பற்றுடன், ஆரஞ்சு கலந்த மஞ்சள் நிறசதைப்பற்றுக் கொண்டது.
பங்கனப்பள்ளி மாம்பழம்

பங்கனப்பள்ளி மாம்பழம் என்பது இந்திய துணைக்கண்டத்தில் விளையும் மாம்பழங்களில் ஒரு வகையாகும் இது இந்தியா, பாக்கித்தான் நாடுகளில் விளைகிறது.இப்பழத்தின் பெயர் ஆந்திர மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள பங்கனப்பள்ளி என்ற ஊரின் பெயரால் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. இதற்கு பனேசான்,சப்பட்டை சபேதாஎன்ற வேறு பெயர்களும் உண்டு. இவ்வகை மாம்பழங்கள் தரமானவையாகவும், நார் அற்றதாகவும், நல்ல இருப்புத்தன்மைக் கொண்டதால் நீண்டதொலைவுக்கு எடுத்துச்செல்லலாம். நல்ல சுவை உடையதாகவும், சுமாரான சாறு கொண்டதாகவும், கெட்டியான சதைப்பற்றுடன்,பெரியதாகவும், மக்காச் சோள மஞ்சள் நிறசதைப்பற்றுக் கொண்டது.
சகாரன்பூர்

சகாரன்பூர் (Saharanpur, இந்தி: सहारनपुर, உருது: سهارنپور) வட இந்திய மாநிலம் உத்தரப் பிரதேசத்தில் உள்ள ஓரு மாநகராட்சியாகும். இது சகாரன்பூர் மாவட்டத்திற்கும் சகாரன்பூர் கோட்டத்திற்கும் நிர்வாகத் தலைநகராக விளங்குகிறது. அரியானா மற்றும் உத்தராகண்டம் மாநிலங்களின் எல்லையில் பசுமையான வேளாண் விளைநிலங்கள் அமைந்துள்ள பகுதியில் உள்ள சகாரன்பூரின் வரலாறு முகலாயர்களின் காலத்திலிருந்து துவங்குகிறது. இன்று உத்தரப் பிரதேச மாநிலத்தில் விரைவாக வளர்ந்துவரும் நகரங்களில் ஒன்றாக விளங்குகிறது. உலகளவில் மர வேலைப்பாடு கைவினைப் பொருள்களுக்கு பெயர் பெற்றது. உள்ளூரில் விளையும் , பாசுமதி அரிசி, மாம்பழங்கள் உட்பட, வேளாண் பொருட்களுக்கு சந்தை நகரமாக உள்ளது. வேளாண் பொருட்களை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்ட தொழில்களான சர்க்கரை ஆலைகள், பருத்தி ஆலைகள், காகிதம் மற்றும் வெண்சுருட்டு தொழிற்சாலைகள் இங்கு அமைந்துள்ளன.
சகாரன்பூர் 29°58′N 77°33′E﻿ / ﻿29.97°N 77.55°E﻿ / 29.97; 77.55, சண்டிகரிலிருந்து தெற்கு-தென்மேற்கு திசையில் 140 கிலோமீட்டர்கள் (87 mi) தொலைவிலும் தில்லியிலிருந்து வடமேற்கில் 170 கிலோமீட்டர்கள் (110 mi) தொலைவிலும் அமைந்துள்ளது. இதன் சராசரி உயரம் கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 269 மீட்டர்கள் (883 அடி) ஆகும்.
2001ஆம் ஆண்டு கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி சகாரன்பூரின் மக்கள்தொகை 1,252,925 ஆகும். ஆடவர் 53% ஆகவும் மகளிர் 47%.ஆகவும் உள்ளனர். இங்குள்ள படிப்பறிவு தேசிய சராசரியான 50.5%ஐ விட கூடுதலாக 78%ஆக உள்ளது. ஆண்கள் படிப்பறிவு: 88%, பெண்கள் படிப்பறிவு:70% ஆறு அகவைக்கும் குறைவான வயதுடையோர் மொத்த மக்கள்தொகையில் 14%ஆக உள்ளனர்.
Haïti Chérie

"Haïti Chérie" (French pronunciation: [a.iti ʃeʁi]: Dear Haiti) is a traditional patriotic song of Haiti of a poem written by Othello Bayard that was initially called it Souvenir d'Haïti ("Memory of Haiti") and composed to music in 1925. It is widely considered as a second national anthem, and one of Haiti's most famous méringues.
Father Mbaka

Ejike Camillus Anthony Ebenezer Mbaka nke a maara dị ka Nna Mbaka bụ onye ụkọchukwu Katọlik, onye na-eti egwu na onye guzobere Adoration Ministries, Enugu, Nigeria. A maara ya maka ịbụ otu n'ime ndị isi okpukpe a ma ama na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa.
A mụrụ Mbaka na Amata Ituku na Awgu Local Government Area nke Enugu State, ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya bụ ndị na-etinye mmanya nkwụ tolitere. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị St. Vincent, Agbogugu na Awgu Local Government Area nke Enugu State maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndary ya.
Mbaka gara Seat of Wisdom Seminary, Owerri, Imo State na St Josephīs Seminary Ikot Ekpene na Akwa Ibom State, ebe a zụrụ ya maka ọrụ ụkọchukwu. Na 29 Julaị 1995, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu nke Chọọchị Roman Katọlik, n'usoro nke Melchizedek.
Na 31 Disemba 2014, Mbaka gwara ọgbakọ na onye isi ala nke oge ahụ bụ Goodluck Ebele Jonathan enweghi ike igbochi oke enweghị nchebe na nrụrụ aka na mba ahụ, ma gbaa ha ume ka ha tụgharịa vootu maka nchịkwa. Arịrịọ Fr. Mbaka maka mgbanwe na nchịkwa na-agbakọta na ozi amụma ya. Fr. Mbaka anọwo na-eduzi, na-adụ ọdụ ma na-adọ aka ná ntị na nchịkwa ọ bụla na Naịjirịa kemgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu Roman Katọlik.
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Mbaka kpọrọ Onye isi ala Buhari ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm n'ọfịs ya n'ihi enweghị nchebe na-akawanye njọ na Naịjirịa. N'ịzaghachi oku Mbaka, Onye isi ala Naijiria wepụtara nkwupụta site na Garba Shehu na Mbaka na-ekwu na iwe ji n'ihi na Onye isi ala Buhari leghaara arịrịọ ya maka nkwekọrịta anya mgbe ọ rịọrọ maka nkwekọ dịka ụgwọ maka nkwado ya na 2015 na 2019.
E kwuru na e nwere ihe omume nke asọmpi, na étíti father Mbaka na father Ebube Muonso, mana ndị Reverend Fathers Mbaka na Emmanuel Obimma(Ebube Muonso gbaghaara asịrị ụgha a.
Jack Finucane

Jack Finucane (1937 – 7 June 2017) bụ onye ozi ala ọzọ nke Roman ajụjụ nke ndị Fada , onye ya na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Aengus Finucane haziri mbupu nri si Ireland nye ndị Igbo n'oge agha obodo Naijiria . Ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye ndu nke Concern Worldwide, ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ
Finucane na 1937, n'obodo Limerick, Ireland, ya na ejima ya. Ọgbakọ Ụmụnna Ndị Apapọ ya ihe. [1] [2] Ọ sonyeere ndị Nna Mụọ Nsọ ma chie ya echichi na 1963. Ọ ọrụ ihe ruo oge ụfọdụ na Rockwell tupu ya agawa ozi ala ọzọ n'Africa. Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ na Nigeria, ọ bụ ọrụ na United States wee gbanwee na San Francisco maka Masters in Education
E ndidi Jack na Nigeria, na, ya na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Aengus, ọ na-etinye aka n'inye ndị mmadụ n'oge agha obodo Naijiria, na ntọala na njikere Nchegbu n'ụwa nile. A ịchụpụ ya na ndị na-akpata ndị ọzọ na Nigeria wee wepụ Ireland
Na 1973, e zigara ya na Bangladesh, n'oge agha nnwere onwe na (West) Pakistan.
Jack na Concern rụkọrọ ọrụ na Etiopia n'oge ụnwụ nri 1984. Ọ dụrụ Bob Geldof ọdụ na na 1985 Afọ Bono gburugburu na mbụ mbụ ya. Bono zoro aka na Jack dị ka John Wayne nke ndị ọrụ ohu
Nlaghachi na Dublin na 1991, ọ ghọrọ onye isi mpaghara maka nchegbu ụwa niile, ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka na 2002. Ọ gara na 2004 na Sudan n'oge agha Darfur. N'afọ 2005, ọ gara ọrụ enyemaka nke Concern na Sri Lanka mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo ahụ gasịrị.
Ọ mụtara na- na Kimmage Manor, na Wednesde 7 June 2017, a na-elikwa ya na nkata nkata na Dardistown Cemetery.
Yassa (food)

Yassa bụ nri na-esi ísì ụtọ nke e ji yabasị na anụ ọkụkọ ma ọ bụ azụ marinated mee. N'ịbụ onye sitere na mba Senegal, yassa aghọwo ihe a ma ama na mpaghara Ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka dum. Ọkụkọ yassa (nke a mara dị ka yassa au poulet), nke e ji yabasị, lemon ma ọ bụ mustard, mee, bụ ihe pụrụ iche sitere na mpaghara Casamance dị na ndịda Senegal. Anụ ndị ọzọ a na-eji eme yassa bụ nwa atụrụ na azụ.
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ

Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ dịgasị iche n'ihi ọtụtụ ọrụ ụgbọ a n'eji gburugburu ụwa. N'agbanyeghị nke a, achọpụtala na ọrụ ụgbọ niile nwere mmetụta dịgasị iche iche na gburugburu ebe obibi rụọ n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ, ọkachasị Mmepụta anụ, nwere ike ịkpata mmetọ, ikuku n'ekpo ọkụ, ọnwụ nke ụdị dị iche iche, ọrịa, na oriri dị ukwuu nke ala, nri, na mmiri. A na-enweta anụ site na ụzọ dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ọrụ ụgbọ, Ọrụ ugbo n'efu, mmepụta anụ ụlọ siri ike, na ọrụ ugbo. Ngalaba anụ ụlọ n'agụnyekwa ajị anụ, àkwá na mmepụta mmiri ara ehi, anụ ụlọ eji arụ Ịkụ ugbo, na ịzụ azụ.
Ọrụ ụgbọ anụmanụ bụ ihe dị mkpa n'enye aka na ikuku n'ekpo ọkụ. Ehi, atụrụ, na anụ ndị ọzọ n'eri nri n'agbari nri ha site na fermentation enteric, na burps ha bụ isi ihe n'eme ka ikuku methane si n'iji ala eme ihe, mgbanwe ala, na ọhịa. Tinyere methane na nitrous oxide sitere na nsị, nke a n'eme ka anụ ụlọ bụrụ isi iyi nke gas n'ekpo ọkụ site na ọrụ ụgbọ. Mbelata dị ịrịba ama n'ihe oriri anụ dị mkpa iji belata mgbanwe ịhụ igwe, ọkachasị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'abawanye site na ijeri 2.3 site n'etiti narị afọ.
Ọtụtụ nnyocha achọpụtala na mmụba nke oriri anụ n'ejikọta ugbụa na mmụwanye nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na mmụcha nke ego onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ GDP, ya mere, mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta anụ na oriri ga-abawanye ma ọ bụrụ na omume ugbu a gbanwere.
Mgbanwe na ọchịchọ maka anụ ga na-emepụta, si otú a n'agbanwe mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmepụta anụ. E mere atụmatụ na oriri anụ zụrụ ụwa ọnụ nwere ike okpụkpụ abụọ site n'afọ 2000 ruo n'afọ 2050, nke kachasị n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ n'ụwa, kamakwa n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi ịrị elu nke oriri anụ kwa onye (nke ọtụtụ n'ime mmụba oriri kwa onye n'eme na mba ndị n'emepe emepe). A n'atụ anya na Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ga-eto rụọ ijeri 9 ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2050, a n'atụkwa anya na mmepụta anụ ga-abawanye site na pasent 40. Mmepụta zụrụ ụwa ọnụ na oriri nke anụ ọkụkọ anọwo n'eto n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na ihe karịrị 5% kwa afọ. Nri anụ n'abawanye ka ndị mmadụ na mba n'aba ọgaranya. Omume n'adịgasị iche n'etiti ngalaba anụ ụlọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, oriri ezì zụrụ ụwa ọnụ maka otu onye amụbaala n'oge n'adịbeghị anya (ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbanwe na oriri n'ime China), ebe oriri ezì kwa onye n'eri anụ n'ebelata.
For every 100 kilograms of food made for humans from crops, 37 kilograms byproducts unsuitable for direct human consumption are generated. Many countries then repurpose these human-inedible crop byproducts as livestock feed for cattle. Raising animals for human consumption accounts for approximately 40% of total agricultural output in industrialized nations. Moreover, the efficiency of meat production varies depending on the specific production system, as well as the type of feed. It may require anywhere from 0.9 and 7.9 kilograms of grain to produce 1 kilogram of beef, between 0.1 to 4.3 kilograms of grain to produce 1 kilogram of pork, and 0 to 3.5 kilograms of grains to produce 1 kilogram of chicken.
Khubz

koubz, nke a na-akpọkwa khoubz, khobez, khubez, ma ọ bụ khubooz, bụ okwu a na- Maka "achịcha" na Standard Arabic na ọtụtụ n'ime obodo obodo..
Otu n'ime ikike ndị a ma ama na mba ndị dị n'Etiti Ebe Ọwụwa ikike bụ ikike pita "akpa uwe" na Levant na Ijipt, na ,pot tannur dị na Iraq.
Ụdị amaghị ochie a maara, nke ndị agadi ochie ihe ochie nke ezera n'Ọzara Siria (ebe ndị Siria na ugwu egwu nke oge a), ihe nkiri azụ afọ 14,000. Ọ bụ ụdị ebe na-ihe na-eko biri nke e ji ọtụtụ ụdị ọka hụrụ mee.
N'Irak, ያለፈ ewu ewu bụ iib Tannur ([[[[[bz al-tannūr,: خبز التنور) nke yiri njikọ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọ dị obere dịka Nan-e barbari Ndị Iran, ụgbọ dị n'etiti na Ndịda Eshia (dị ka naan), na isi pizza. (Leekwa ụlọ tandoor na ebe nchekwa.)
Okwu tannur sitere n'okwu Akkadian (𒋾𒂟), nke mejupụtara akụkụ 'apịtị' na 'ọkụ' ma akpọrọ ya n'oge dị ka n'Akadian Epic of Gilgamesh..
A na-etinye usoro nri isii maka nchekwa e siri n'ime tannur na akwụkwọ nri nke akpan nke afọ nke Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq bụ Kitab al-Tabikh.
N'ihi mmachibido iwu akụ na ụba a manyere Iraq n'afọ ndị 1990 enwere mmụba n'ime achịcha n'ụzọ ọdịnala na tannur.
Pita bụ ike dị nke a na-ahụ n'ọtụtụ nri Mediterenian, Balkan, na Middle East. Na mba ndị Arab, a na-Ebe pit pita dị ka dịdị, 18 cm (7 in) ruo 30 cm (12 in) n'eche. Ọ dị gịrịgịrị ma na-afụli elu ka ọ na-eme ụgbọ. Ebe ọ bụ na o nweghị ihe ọ lụbatara, ọ na-akpọ ngwa ngwa ma bụrụ nke elele mma iri mgbe ọ ka na-ekpo ọkụ; mgbe e ịhụ, ọ nwere ike ịta.
"akpa uwe" pita malitere na Middle East. A makwaara ya dị ka achịcha Arab (ic), achịcha Lebanọn, ma ọ bụ achịcha Siria .
Na nri Ijipt, Palestine, ndị egwu, Lebanọn, na Siria, ndị ike iri ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nri nri mgba na-atọ ụtọ na ma ọ bụ na nna pita. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe oriri ndị dị mkpa na nri Lebanọn. Ihe ndị a na- አሜሪካ falafel, nwa nne ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ shawarma, kebab, omelettes dị ka shakshouka (àkwá na tomato), hummus, na Mese ndị ọzọ..
Ndị mba ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị South Asia, na-eri ya dị ka ihe na-amị anya Roti na curries, akwụkwọ nri siri esi ma ọ bụ anụ (akọrọ ma ọ bụ ofe).
Iga Idunganran

Iga Idunganran bụ ebe obibi nke Oba nke Lagos, nke dị na Lagos Island. Ọ bụkwa ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị njem nleharianya.
Malite na narị afọ nke iri na ise, ailandi Lagos bụ nke onye mbụ bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ Chief Aromire nwe, onye bụ onye isi Ile-Ife, onye jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ebe ịkụ azụ na ugbo ose. E wuru obí eze oge ochie ahụ na afọ 1670 maka Oba Gabaro (1669-1760). Ndị Portuguese mechara rụzigharịa ya, na ihe ndị e ji mezie ya, ọkachasị tiles nke esibPortugal weta.
Ọ bụ Praịm Minista Naịjirịa, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, rụchara akụkụ nke oge a ma nyefe ya ịba ọrụ na ọnwa mbụ nke Ọktoba afọ 1960. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, eze Adeniji Adele nke abụọ na Adeyinka Oyekan nke abụọ mepụtara ya, ọ gara n'ihu na afọ 2007 na 2008 site n'aka eze nke ugbu a, Akiolu, na njikọ aka nke gọọmentị Steeti Lagos na mesuom Naịjirịa.
Iga Idunganran nọrọ ọnọdụ dị ka ebe nchịkwa, ahịa agwaetiti ahụ na ebe ememme Eyo.
IGA, nke sitere n'asụsụ Oyo / Ife Yoruba GAA nke pụtara ụlọ eze ma ọbu Obi eze akpọrọ Royal Home ma ọ bụ Palace na bekee, IDUN pụtara ala, ebe ma ọ bụ ụda nke ebe IGANRAN bụ okwu Yoruba maka ose. Iga Idunganran ya mere na-asụgharị "obí eze e wuru n'ugbo ose", ebe Aromire jiri ala ahụ mepụta n'oge gara aga dị ka ugbo ya.
A na-eli ndị eze niile nke Lagos tupu Oba Akitoye na Obodo Benin . Eze Akitoye bụ Eze mbụ nke Lagos ka e liri n'ime obí eze nke oge a. A na-eli ndị eze niile sochirinụ ma e wezụga Sanusi Olusi na Kosoko na Iga Idunganran.
E nwere ọtụtụ ebe ofufe arusi nke ndi orisha n'obí eze. Ndị a gụnyere:
Enwere ike ịchọta Esu (nke a na-akpọ Éshu) n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke obí eze. Esi Benin wee weta Èsù. A makwaara ya n'ọtụtụ aha ndị ọzọ, nke a ma ama bụ ekwensu. Oba na ndị isi ya kpere ekpere n'ụlọ ofufe agwụ a iji gbochie ihe ize ndụ na Lagos (ma mesịa na Naịjirịa n'ozuzu) n'oge gara aga. Ha na-ekpegakwa ekpere n'ebe ahụ tupu ha ahapụ obí eze maka ọrụ nzuzo ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentị iji gbochie ihe ọjọọ. Ọzọkwa, tupu eze apụọ, O kwesịrị iga ụlọ ofufe a iji nata ụsa otú njem ya ga-esi bụrụ. Ajụjụ ndị dị ka otu njem ahụ ga-adị mma ma ọ dị mma Oba ịmalite njem dị otú ahụ be ihe ana aga-ajụkarị.
Ogun bụ chi nke ígwè. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị n'ime obí eze n'onwe ya, e nwere obere ụlọ e wuru maka ịbanye ozugbo n'ogige ahụ. Nnukwu ụlọ nsọ ahụ dị na mpụga mgbidi dị ugbu a nke obí eze, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka nọ n'okpuru ikike ya. O nwere onye ụkọchukwu nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ ya kwa ụbọchị.
A na-eme emume na ekpere pụrụ iche kwa ụbọchị iri na isii n'obí eze, ọ na-abụkarị Araba nke Lagos n'ime ya, Chief Ajanaku, ọ bụ ezie na Oba na-eji ndị ụkọchukwu ọdịnala ndị ọzọ na ndị ụkọchị nwanyị eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ dabere na ihe kacha mkpa na oge, na ike ime mmụọ nke ndị dị otú ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ime emume ndị a bụ aki ilu, oji, Ọsọ Ojii, mmanụ nkwụ, mmanya ọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla dị mfe, ọkụkọ, nduru, ewu ma ọ bụ ebule na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ Ifa oracle nwere ike inye iwu, na-owuwe ndụ mmadụ.
Mgbe ngagharị iwe END SARS nke afọ 2020 gasịrị, e zuuru Iga Idungaran na Oba nke Lagos, Rilwan Akiolu boro ndị ohi ebubo na ha na-zuoro nde dola abụọ na puku naira iri na asaa na obí ya.
Dak-ttongjip

Dak-ttongjip (닭똥집), literally "chicken gizzard", is a Korean dish made by stir-frying chicken gizzard with spices. It is a popular anju (accompaniment to alcoholic drinks). The dish can also be called dak-ttongjip-bokkeum (닭똥집볶음), as it is a bokkeum (stir-fried dish).
Dak-ttongjip (닭똥집) is a vernacular term for "chicken gizzard", with its components dak (닭) meaning "chicken", and ttongjip (똥집) normally meaning "big intestine" or "stomach". However, as ttong and jip can be (mistakenly) parsed as "waste" and "house" respectively, mistranslations such as "chicken poo house" or "chicken asshole house" are not uncommon.
In 1972, dak-ttongjip was a giveaway side dish for day laborers visiting Sama Tongdak, a fried chicken restaurant at Pyeonghwa Market in Daegu. Due to its positive reception, it became a regular menu item. Soon, it became the most popular food at Pyeonghwa Market, where there is a "dak-ttongjip alley" today. Dak-ttongjip is now considered the local specialty of Daegu.
Iresine herbstii

Iresine herbstii, or Herbst's bloodleaf, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae that is native to Brazil. Some call this plant the chicken gizzard plant and beefsteak plant.
It is an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant that can reach heights of 1 to 2 meters; in cultivation it is pruned to a height of a few decimeters. All parts of the plant can be more or less reddish, depending on the variety. The plants are hairy with multicellular trichomes. The fleshy, mostly reddish stems are branched and upright to creeping. The opposite leaves are stalked and simple. The petioles are 2 to 3 cm long. The circular, egg-shaped to heart-shaped leaf blades are 2 to 6 cm long. The leaf veins are often lighter than the rest of the leaf surface, which gives some varieties an attractive leaf pattern. The leaf tip can be pointed to the bifid. The leaf edge is smooth.
Iresine herbstii are dioecious. Terminal and lateral, compound inflorescences are formed , which are made up of spike-like partial inflorescences with many flowers; they are up to 20 cm long. The membranous, shiny bracts and bracts are egg-shaped and 1 to 1.5 mm long. The very small, stalkless flowers are unisexual. There are only five membranous, about 1 to 1.25 mm large perianth leaves ; they are usually white, yellowish-white or greenish. The male flowers usually have five fertile stamens. The stamens are fused at their base. The spherical, somewhat compressed ovary contains only one ovule. There is at most a short (about 0.2 mm) style. The fruits are spherical to compressed and contain only one seed.
Its leaves make it a popular ornamental plant. There are many varieties whose leaves or most parts of the plant are green, red or purple. For example, Iresine herbstii aureoreticulata is green, but mixed colors are also possible. It is often found in gardens, but it cannot tolerate cold and is kept cool in the home or greenhouse over the winter. It is therefore most commonly seen as a potted plant for the windowsill. If Iresine herbstii suffers from drought, it can react much more sensitively than other plants and become extremely limp, but it regains its turgor pressure as soon as it has water available again.
It can be easily propagated by cuttings. It also quickly takes root in a glass of water (not only at the node, but at various points on the stem). It is often cultivated as an annual and repeatedly re-grown.
Media related to Iresine herbstii at Wikimedia Commons
Ofe Owerri

Ofe Owerri is an Igbo delicacy in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. The soup is made with snails, beef, assorted meat and fishes.
The soup is popular among people living in the capital of Imo state, Owerri.
The soup is one of the most expensive Igbo soups, which is why it has been nicknamed 'Jewel of South East'.
Varieties of vegetables such as okazi and uziza leaf are used in its preparation. Ugu can serve as an alternative to uziza when it is not readily available. Other ingredients include different types of fish, meats, and crayfish. Ofe Owerri is cooked with palm oil, and achi is used to thicken the soup.
Ofe Owerri is often eaten with semolina, fufu, pounded yam and Eba.
Обикновен гингер

Обикновеният гингер (Onopordum acanthium), наричан също магарешки трън, магарешки бодил, камилски бодил, жълтеникав онопордум, е тревисто двугодишно растение от семейство Сложноцветни (Asteraceae).
Първоначално магарешкият трън се среща в Европа, Северна Африка и Азия, включително в цяла България. По-късно е пренесен в Северна Америка и Австралия, където с бързото си разпространение се превръща в сериозен проблем за земеделието. Разпространен е по сухи и каменисти места, край пътища и сгради.
Магарешкият трън е от растенията, които привличат пчелите. Народната медицина я препоръчва като лек за проблеми с потентността и простатата. Препоръчително е употребата на отварата да става след консултация с лекар. В миналото някои части са използвани за храна, а маслото, извличано от семената – за горене и за готвене.
Магарешкият трън се използва и като декоративно растение.
Късодръжков магарешки бодил

Късодръжковият магарешки бодил (Carduus acanthoides), също обикновен магарешки бодил е двугодишно растение от семейство Сложноцветни. Растението произхожда от Европа и Азия и е въведено в много други области, където понякога се смята за инвазивен вид.
Включено е в списъка на лечебните растения съгласно Закона за лечебните растения.
Обикновеният магарешки бодил може да достига над 2 м височина и да образува плевелни монотипни насаждения. Стъблото и листата са бодливи. Видовото име acanthoides означава „бодлив“ и се отнася до бодливата му зелена част. Растението започва от плоска, основна розетка, от които израства изправеното стъбло с рядко разположени назъбени, бодливи листа. Листата са между 10 и 20 см дълги с ръбове с дялани или пересто разделени. Долната страна на листа е леко влакнеста.
На върха на всеки клон на стъблото има съцветие от една до няколко цветни глави, всяка закръглена, покрита с бодливи листа и носеща много нишковидни, лилави или розови дискови цветчета. Всяка цветна глава е с радиус около 13 – 25 мм.
Растението цъфти през цялото лято и началото на есента. Разпространява се чрез семената си. Всяко растение създава около 1000 семена. След цъфтежа и засаждането на семена умира.
Късодръжковият магарешки бодил произхожда от Франция, Италия и западна Турция; през Русия и Казахстан, чак до Китай. В естествения си ареал растението се среща в открити тревни съобщества и нарушени зони, а в неместни ареали е плевел на едногодишни пасища, крайпътни полета и нарушени зони.
Растението е въведено широко в голяма част от Северна Америка, където понякога се смята за вреден плевел или инвазивен вид. Растението обаче има благотворно въздействие върху местните пчели на континента.
Бял трън

Белият трън (Silybum marianum L.) е тревисто едногодишно до двугодишно растение от семейство Сложноцветни (Asteraceae).
Среща се в средиземноморската част на Европа, включително в България до 1000 m н.в. Включено е в списъка на лечебните растения съгласно Закона за лечебните растения.
Едногодишно и двугодишно растение. Стъблото е неразклонено или слабо разклонено. Височината му е до 150 см. Листата са последователно разположени и завършват с жълтеникави бодли. Цъфти от май до август.
Съдържащите се в семената флавоноиди имат хепатопротективно действие – предпазват клетките на черния дроб от увреждане. Корените му са отровни.
Върховръх

Върховръх е рид в Чернатица, Западни Родопи. Простира се на север до връх Модър, на запад до река Въча, която го отделя от Баташка планина, а на изток до Първенецка река. Средната надморска височина на рида е 1600 м. Най-високият връх е Голица (1923 м), други по-високи върхове са Върховръх (1633 м), Маркова чука, Комаров камък, Връхче, Вихролом. От връх Модър до връх Върховръх преобладават иглолистните, а на север – широколистните дървесни видове.
От растителните видове са разпространени малини, къпини, боровинки, мащерка, жълт кантарион, риган, еньовче, подбел, магарешки бодил, живовляк. Срещат се и различни видове гъби - манатарка, масловка, гълъбка, сурогризка.
В рида е изградено вилно селище, състоящо се от около 350 частни вили, хижа „Върховръх“ и парк-хотел „Родопи“. В близост до вилното селище има ловно стопанство.
Чумотрън

Чумотрънът (Xanthium spinosum), наричан също бодлив казашки бодил или рогачица, е вид двусемеделни растения от семейство Сложноцветни (Asteraceae).
Той е инвазивен плевел, разпространен днес по целия свят, като се предполага, че произлиза от южните части на Южна Америка. Чумотрънът е едногодишно растение със стройно стъбло с височина до около метър, по което на интервали са разположени остри тризъби шипове с дължина над три сантиметра. Отровен е за хората и добитъка.
В българския фолклор чумотрънът е едно от малкото неща – наред с родените в събота кучета – от които се страхува персонификацията на чумата.
Българска паламида

Българска паламида (Cirsium bulgaricum) е двугодишно тревисто растение от семейство Сложноцветни. Има статут на застрашено растение и е включено в Червената книга на България.
Височината му достига 60 – 100 cm. Листата са перестонаделени, равномерно разположени по цялото стъбло, които са паяжинесто до вълнестовлакнести отдолу. Листните дялове са ланценти до тяснотриъгълни, с твърди връхни бодили с дължина от 3 до 10 – 16 mm. Кошничките са разположени непосредствено под всяка кошничка прости, ланценти до тяснотриъгълни листа. Обвивката им е дълга 24 – 35 mm и широка 22 – 35 mm, с яйцевидносферична форма, разпръснато паяжинестовлакнеста до гола. Външните обвивни листчета са почти изправени, средните са изправеноотклонени навън и леко разширяващи се към върха, който е снабден с 1 – 3,5 mm дълъг бодил. Цветовете му са пурпурни. Плодосемките са с дължина 5 – 6 mm. Хвърчилката е дълга 9 – 12 mm. Растението е насекомоопрашващо се, което се размножава предимно със семена.
Разпространено е по покрайнините на деградирали смесени церово-благунови гори, из рудерализирани пасища, край пътища и селища. В България се среща по Южното Черноморско крайбрежие и в Странджа до 300 m надморска височина. Освен в България, се среща в европейската част на Турция и в Западен Анадол.