davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
মাঘ বিহু

মাঘ বিহু (ইংরেজি: Magh Bihu) অসমে পালিত বিহু উৎসব। পৌষ-মাঘ মাসের সংক্রান্তির দিন মাঘ বিহু উৎযাপন করা হয়। মাঘ বিহুর অপরনাম ভোগালি বিহু। এইটি তিনদিনব্যাপি পালন করা হয়।
আহোম রাজত্বকালে রাজকীয় পৃষ্ঠপোষকতায় এই বিহু পালন করা হয়েছিল বলে জানা যায়। বিহুর সময় রংঘড় প্রাঙ্গনে বিভিন্ন খেলার আয়োজন করা হত। আহোম রাজার সেখানে উপস্থিত থেকে এই উৎসব উপভোগ করিতেন। সেই সময় থেকে অসমে মহিষের যুদ্ধ, মোরগের যুদ্ধ ইত্যাদির প্রচলন হয়েছে বলে জানা যায়।
বিহুর দিন যুবকেরা খর দ্বারা মেজিঘড় তৈরী করে। উরুকার সবাই একত্রে ভোজন করে ও বিহুগীত গায়। উজনি অসমে মেজিঘড়কে হারলিগড় বা ভেলাঘড় বলে।
মাঘ বিহুর উরুকা দিনে নির্দিষ্ট পুকুর, খাল বা অন্য কোন জলাশয় থেকে সবাই একত্রে মাছ ধরেন। জাতি-ধর্ম-বর্ণ নির্বিশেষে সকলেই মাছ ধরে আনন্দ উপভোগ করেন। এই প্রথার মাধ্যমে সকলেরা পুকুর, খাল বা অন্য জলাশয় থেকে আহরণ করা মৎস দ্বারা রাত্রের ভোজন করেন।
উরুকার রাত্রে যুবকেরা অন্যের গৃহ থেকে শস্য, ক্ষেত থেকে ফসল চুরি করার পরম্পরা রয়েছে। চুরি করার প্রথা থাকার জন্য এই বিহুকে চোর বিহু নামেও জানা যায়।
সকালে স্নান করে মেজিতে আগুন লাগানো হয়। আগুন প্রজ্বলিত হওয়ার সময় মন্ত্র উচ্চারন করে মুগডাল, ঘি, চাউল ইত্যাদি অগ্নিতে দেওয়া হয়। মেজিতে আগুন লাগিয়ে অগ্নিদেবকে প্রসন্ন করার জন্য নিম্নের মন্ত্রটি উচ্চারন হয়-
এরপর ভোজ-ভাত খাওয়া হয়। গুরুদেব ও ভকতদের গৃহে নিমন্ত্রণ করে নতুন ধান দিয়ে প্রস্তুত জলপান দিয়ে আশীর্বাদ নেওয়া হয়।
মাঘ বিহুকে ভোগালী অর্থাৎ ভোজনের উৎসব বলা হয়। এই বিহুর সময়ে অসমবাসীরা জলপান, পিঠা, নাড়ু ইত্যাদি প্রস্তুত করেন। তিল পিঠা মাঘ বিহুর প্রধান পিঠা। মাঘ বিহুর সময় প্রস্তুত করা বিভিন্ন পিঠার মধ্যে রয়েছে : চুঙ্গা পিঠা, ঘিলা পিঠা, সুতুলি পিঠা, হেঁচা পিঠা, ডেকা পিঠা, ভুরভুরী পিঠা ইত্যাদি। তাছাড়াও ভাজা চাউল, কোমল চাউল, চিড়া, সন্দেশ, মুড়ি, খৈ ইত্যাদি জলপানের জন্য তৈরী করা হয়।
जियो फाइनेंशियल सर्विसेज

जियो फाइनेंशियल सर्विसेज भारत की एक वित्तीय सेवा प्रदान करने वाली कंपनी है, जो पहले रिलायन्स इण्डस्ट्रीज की एक उपकंपनी थी। इसने अपनी पहचान को स्वतंत्र बनाया और अगस्त 2023 में इसे भारतीय शेयर बाजार में पंजीकृत किया गया। यह कंपनी विभिन्न वित्तीय सेवाएं, जैसे कि पेमेंट सोल्यूशन्स और बीमा, प्रदान करती है।
जियो फाइनेंशियल सर्विसेज पहले रिलायंस इंडस्ट्रीज के वित्तीय विभाग का अंग था। इसने एक विलय के माध्यम से अपने आप को एक अलग कंपनी के रूप में स्थापित किया, और उसके बाद में भारतीय शेयर बाजार में इसका पंजीकरण हुआ। रिलायंस इंडस्ट्रीज ने विलय योजना के अंतर्गत जियो फाइनेंशियल सर्विसेज को 15,500 करोड़ रुपये के नकद और लिक्विड एसेट्स सौंपे। इसके परिणामस्वरूप, जियो फाइनेंशियल सर्विसेज के पास 20,700 करोड़ रुपये की लिक्विड पूंजी हो गई।
कंपनी को 21 अगस्त 2023 को भारतीय शेयर बाजारों में पंजीकृत किया गया था, लेकिन सितंबर 2023 में इसे बीएसई और FTSE इंडेक्सेज से निकाल दिया गया था। जीवन बीमा निगम (LIC) ने कंपनी में 6.66% की हिस्सेदारी अधिग्रहण की है। इसके अलावा, कंपनी एसेट मैनेजमेंट क्षेत्र में भी कदम रख रही है, और इसके लिए यह ब्लैकरॉक के साथ साझेदारी कर रही है।
जून तिमाही के अंत तक कंपनी के पास 20,700 करोड़ रुपये का लिक्विड एसेट बेस था.
रवीना टंडन

रवीना टंडन (जन्म: 26 अक्टूबर 1971) हिन्दी फ़िल्मों की एक अभिनेत्री हैं।
90 के दशक की सबसे मशहूर अभिनेत्रियों में रवीना टंडन भी शामिल हैं। रवीना उस समय कॉलेज में थीं जब उन्हें शांतनू शीरोय से एक फिल्म का प्रस्ताव मिला। बचपन से फिल्मों से लगाव के कारण रवीना ने कॉलेज छोड़ दिया और फिल्म को हाँ कह दिया। रवीना ने सन 1992 में आई फिल्म "पत्थर के फूल " से बॉलीवुड में अभिनय की शुरुआत की। "पत्थर के फूल " जबरदस्त कामयाब फिल्म रही और इसी के साथ रवीना ने खुद को बॉलीवुड में स्थापित कर लिया।
जेरोधा

जेरोधा ब्रोकिंग लिमिटेड एक भारतीय स्टॉक ब्रोकर और फाइनेंशियल सर्विस कंपनी है जो नेशनल स्टॉक एक्चेंज (एन.एस.ई.), बॉम्बे स्टॉक एक्चेंज (बी.एस.ई.) और मल्टी कमोडिटी एक्सचेंज (एम.सी.एक्स.) की सदस्य है। यह कंपनी संस्थागत और खुदरा ब्रोकरेज, मुद्रा एवं कमोडिटी ट्रेडिंग, म्यूचुअल फंड एवं बांड ऑफर करती है।
कंपनी की स्थापना 2010 में हुई थी और इसका मुख्यालय बंगलुरु शहर में है जबकि यह भौतिक रूप से अन्य कई भारतीय शहरों में उपस्थिति रखती है। मई 2024 तक इसके सक्रिय क्लायंट बेस में 75 लाख उपभोक्ता एनएसई के साथ पंजीकृत थे, यह बाज़ार में कुला साझेदारी का 17.5% था और इसके साथ यह कंपनी भारत की दूसरी सबसे बड़ी ब्रोकर थी।
जेरोधा का ऑनलाइन ट्रेडिंग एप 'काइट' के नाम से जाना जाता है। इसके अलावा इसका ट्रेनिंग मॉड्यूल 'वर्सिटी' के नाम से जाना जाता है।
कंपनी की स्थापना अगस्त 2010 में दो भाइयों नितिन और निखिल कामथ ने की थी। कंपनी का नाम जीरोधा, कंपनी के आदर्शों के लिए शब्दों के संयोजन को दर्शाता है: 'जीरो' अर्थात 'शून्य' और 'रोध', जिसका संस्कृत अर्थ 'बाधा' है; अर्थात शून्य बाधा।
जीरोधा के काइट प्लेटफॉर्म पर गड़बड़ियों, सिस्टम आउटेज और कनेक्टिविटी संबंधी समस्याओं सहित तकनीकी समस्याओं की कई रिपोर्टें मिली हैं, विशेष रूप से बाजार अस्थिरता अत्यधिक उच्च रहने पर और एफएंडओ (फ्यूचर एंड ऑप्शन्स) की समाप्ति के दिनों में।
नवंबर 2020 में, लाइवमिंट ने बताया कि कुछ जीरोधा ट्रेडर्स ने तकनीकी समस्या के कारण इसके काइट प्लेटफ़ॉर्म तक पहुँचने में असमर्थ होने की शिकायत की थी। कई उपयोगकर्ताओं ने लॉगिन समस्या की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए ट्विटर का सहारा लिया। जीरोधा ने एक आधिकारिक बयान में समस्या को स्वीकार किया।
4G

4G, चौथी पीढ़ी (अंग्रेजी भाषा: Fourth Generation) का संछिप्त रूप है, जो मोबाइल फोन वायरलैस सेवा की चौथी पीढ़ी है। इससे पिछली २जी और ३जी पीढ़ियां थीं। थ्री जी तकनीक में उपलब्ध आर्थोगोनल फ्रीक्वेंसी डिवीजन मल्टीपल एक्सेस (ओएफडीएमए) की सहायता से वर्तमान नेटवर्क की सुविधा को और बेहतर बनाया जा सकेगा। फोर-जी यानि चौथी जनरेशन अर्थात् चौथी पीढ़ी पूरी तरह से आईपी आधारित सेवा होगी। इसमें ध्वनि (वॉयस), पाठ (डाटा) और मल्टीमीडिया को समान गति से भेजा और प्राप्त किया जा सकेगा।
थ्री जी मोबाइल में वे सब सुविधाएं उपलब्ध हैं जो वर्तमान मोबाइल तकनीक के लिए आवश्यक हैं, फोर जी की गति १०० एमबीपीएस होगी जो थ्री जी के मुकाबले ५० गुना अधिक होगी। थ्री जी वायरलेस नेटवर्क में ३८४ केबीपीएस से २ एमबीपीएस की गति से ही डाटा भेजा जा सकता था। इन लाभ के साथ साथ ही इस तकनीक की कीमत भी थ्री जी के मुकाबले काफी कम होगी। थ्री जी के मुकाबले ४जी का डाटा रेट अधिक है यानी डाटा का स्थानांतरण तेज गति से किया जा सकेगा। थ्री जी तकनीक जहां वाइड एरिया नेटवर्क पर काम करती है, वहां ४जी लोकल एरिया नेटवर्क (लैन) और बेस स्टेशन वाइड एरिया नेटवर्क पर काम करती है।
उपयोक्ताओं को उच्च गुणवत्ता की ऑडियो और वीडियो सुविधा उपलब्ध होगी। ओएफडीएम (आर्थोगोनल फ्रीक्वेंसी डिवीजन मल्टीपल एक्सेस) की वजह से बेहतर वीडियो क्वालिटी लोगों को मिल पाएगी। इससे गति बढ़ने के साथ, एकरूप भी हो जाएगी।
पैनासॉनिक

पैनासॉनिक कार्पोरेशन एक जापानी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक सामान निर्माता कंपनी है। ये एक बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनी है। ये कंपनी पहले मात्सुशिता इलेक्ट्रिक इंडस्ट्रीयल कंपनी के नाम से जानी जाती थी। नैशनल और पैनासॉनिक इस कंपनी के मशहूर ब्रैंड हैं।
पैनासॉनिक आवश्यकता के अनुरूप नए उत्पाद बाज़ार में लाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, ४जी के वर्तमान दौर में पैनासॉनिक ने कम दाम के स्मार्टफोन कैटिगिरी में नया फोन लॉन्च किया है। पी100 नाम के इस हैंडसेट को एक जीबी और दो जीबी रैम ऑप्शन के साथ लाया गया है।
वोडाफ़ोन (भारत)

वोडाफोन आइडिया (भारत) इंग्लैंड की एक दूरसंचार कंपनी वोडाफ़ोन है जो भारत में एक भारतीय कंपनी हच एस्सार को खरीदने के बाद भारत में अपना कारोबार स्थापित कर रही है।
Vodafone Idea (या Vi, V के रूप में शैलीबद्ध!) एक भारतीय मोबाइल नेटवर्क ऑपरेटर है जिसका मुख्यालय मुंबई और गांधीनगर में स्थित है। यह अखिल भारतीय एकीकृत GSM ऑपरेटर है जो 2G, 3G, 4G, 4G+, VoLTE, और VoWiFi सेवा प्रदान करता है। 31 दिसंबर 2022 तक, Vi के पास 228.60 मिलियन का ग्राहक आधार है, जो इसे भारत में तीसरा सबसे बड़ा मोबाइल दूरसंचार नेटवर्क और दुनिया में 11वां सबसे बड़ा मोबाइल दूरसंचार नेटवर्क बनाता है। कंपनी को 31 अगस्त 2018 को वोडाफोन इंडिया और आइडिया सेल्युलर के विलय से वोडाफोन आइडिया लिमिटेड नामक एक नई इकाई बनाने के लिए बनाया गया था।
7 सितंबर 2020 को, Vodafone Idea ने अपनी नई ब्रांड पहचान, 'Vi' का अनावरण किया, जिसमें कंपनी के पूर्ववर्ती अलग-अलग ब्रांड 'Vodafone' और 'Idea' का एक एकीकृत ब्रांड में एकीकरण शामिल है।
मार्च 2017 में, यह घोषणा की गई कि आइडिया सेल्युलर और वोडाफोन इंडिया का विलय होगा। विलय को जुलाई 2018 में दूरसंचार विभाग से मंजूरी मिल गई। 30 अगस्त 2018 को, नेशनल कंपनी लॉ ट्रिब्यूनल ने वोडाफोन-आइडिया विलय को अंतिम मंजूरी दी यह 31 अगस्त 2018 को पूरा हुआ, और नई इकाई का नाम वोडाफोन रखा गया आइडिया लिमिटेड, ग्राहकों और राजस्व द्वारा भारत में सबसे बड़ी दूरसंचार कंपनी बना रही है। सौदे की शर्तों के तहत, वोडाफोन समूह की संयुक्त इकाई में 45.2% हिस्सेदारी थी, आदित्य बिड़ला समूह के पास 26% और शेष शेयर जनता के पास होने थे। विलय के बाद अगस्त 2020 के महीने में Vi ने बड़ी संख्या में सकल और सक्रिय ग्राहकों को खो दिया।
7 सितंबर 2020 तक, Vodafone Idea Limited ने दो अलग-अलग ब्रांडों का संचालन किया: Vodafone और Idea, जो दोनों प्री-पेड और पोस्ट-पेड GSM सेवा संचालित करते थे।
3 फरवरी 2023 को, भारत सरकार ने कंपनी को 161.33 बिलियन रुपये (1.96 बिलियन डॉलर) के अपने बकाया ब्याज को 10 रुपये प्रति शेयर की दर से इक्विटी में बदलने का आदेश दिया, इस प्रकार सरकार कंपनी में सबसे बड़ी एकल शेयरधारक बन गई। ]
स्पेक्ट्रम फ्रीक्वेंसी होल्डिंग सारांश
Vi के पास पूरे देश में 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz, 2500 MHz, 3500 MHz और 26 GHz बैंड का स्पेक्ट्रम है।
Hathway

Hathway Cable & Datacom Ltd, formerly BITV Cable Networks, is an Indian cable television and broadband service provider based in Mumbai. It was the first company to provide Internet using the CATV network in India, and the first cable operator to launch a digital platform in 2006. Hathway Broadband Internet was the first cable ISP in India. Business India Television (BITV) Cable Networks Pvt Ltd was acquired by Hathway in 1999. As of 2007, the company had a 51% stake in Bhupendran Bhaskar Multinet and a 50% stake in Gujarat Telelinks Pvt Ltd (GTPL). In 2011, Hathway GTPL entered Assam with an MoM with V&S Cable Pvt Ltd, and started operations in West Bengal as they acquired KCBPL (Kolkata Cable & Broadband Pariseva Ltd) to create a subsidiary, GTPLKCBPL, responsible for providing services in West Bengal.
In the second half of 2011, Hathway launched its HDTV services in Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Indore, Kolkata; in Gujarat in 2013, and Odisha in 2015. Their new HD DVR set-top box initially provided 8 HD channels, with availability increasing to sixteen in March 2012. There are thirty channels available as of 2020. With this addition, Hathway is now the provider with the most HD channels in its Indian market.
Hathway Broadband Internet was one of the earliest cable ISP services in the Indian cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Indore, Bhopal, Lucknow and Kolkata. As of 2024, the highest possible speed provided via fiber is 300 Mbit/s. It uses Cisco's Docsis 3 technology in three cities, where the speeds exceed 50 Mbit/s.
There are around 11 million subscribers, of which around 1.77 million currently have wireless/broadband internet available. Approximately 430,000 of these users are using Hathway broadband services.
Hathway was the first Indian digital cable service provider to release digital video recorder (DVR) services, on March 12, 2009, powered by NDS XTV.
Hathway was the multi-service operator owned by the Rajan Raheja Group. In 2003, it stood as one of the largest multi-system operators in India alongside the Hinduja Group companies of RPG Cable and InCablenet, and the Essel Group controlled Siti Networks, and also one of the three major cable distributors in India alongside DEN Networks and InCablenet.
On October 17, 2018, Reliance Industries announced that it had acquired a 51.34% stake in Hathway for ₹2,940 crore (US$340 million). The acquisition received approval from the Competition Commission of India in January 2019. Reliance acquired an additional 20.61% stake in Hathway through an open offer worth ₹1,180.42 crore (US$140 million) in March 2019, taking its total stake in the company to 71.95%.
Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub

Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub is a technology hub in the Indian state of West Bengal, consisting of various tech parks, buildings, projects and premises which work on the sectors like IT/ITeS, Data Centre, E-commerce, IoT, KPO, AI, R&D and Telecom. The hub is projected to be completed in 2025, generating 1,00,000 direct jobs. As of 2022, the total investment in the hub is ₹1 trillion.
Bengali Silicon Valley Hub was formed in 2018 to boost technology service industry in the state and was inaugurated on 13 August 2018 by Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee. Initially 100 acres of land was embarked for the hub. Afterwards another 100 acres of land was added after the announcement of finance minister Amit Mitra. 107 acres were allotted in Phrase I and II with TCS having 20 acres, Reliance Jio having 40 acres, Cognizant having 25 acres, ISI having 4 acres, Tech Mahindra having 4 acres and Capgemini having 7 acres. The phrase III allotted 56.7 acres of land. Additional 50 acres of land was added to the hub in May 2022.
BSVH has numerous data centre projects built and under construction. In 2018, Reliance Jio took 40 acres of land to set up Rs 1,000-crore data centre facility. It will have two international data centres in collaboration with Microsoft and a technology centre. The facility is planned to have a 525,000 square feet of built-up area. The company invested Rs 100 crore in the first phase. In 2020, the construction was started.
Adani Enterprises is also constructing a hyper-scale data centre on 51.75 acres of land, which is the single largest land in the hub for a data centre.
NTT Global data centres, which is a pioneer company in the field of data centre is also constructing a data hub on 7.5 acres of land in BSVH. The project was launched in 2022 with a projected investment of ₹2000 Crores. The facility will consist 6 lakh sq. ft. of area, 40 MW capacity and will be built in three phrases (buildings) completing 1, 2.5 and 2.5 lakhs sq. ft. of space respectively.
Other companies are setting up data centres like STT global data centres in 5.6 acres, CtrlS global data centes in 5.6 acres, Techno Electric & Eng in 4 acres and Airtel Nxtra in 2.85 acres.
Major IT companies have started their constructions in the hub, likely TCS in 20 acres, LTIMindtree in 18.92 acres, Webel in 5 acres, Firstsource Solutions in 4 acres. There are more than 40 medium and small IT companies.
Other sectos include E-commerce, IoT, KPO, AI, R&D and Telecom. Indian Statistical Institute has a Centre of Excellence on a 4-acre plot. Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research, an R&D institution under Ministry of Electronics and Information has a 3.05 acre R&D unit in the hub.
Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub is located on the Biswa Bangla Sarani. Kolkata Metro's Orange Line serves as the rapid transit of the area.
සීතාවක උද්භිද උද්‍යානය

සීතාවක උද්භිද උද්‍යානය, හෝ සීතාවක තෙත් කලාපීය උද්භිද උද්‍යානය, ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉදිකොට ඇති උද්භිද උද්‍යාන පහ අතුරින් අවිස්සාවේල්ලෙහි පිහිටුවා ඇති උද්භිද උද්‍යානය වේ. මෙරට අනෙක් උද්භිද උද්‍යාන හතර වන්නේ පේරාදෙණිය උද්භිද උද්‍යානය, හක්ගල උද්භිද උද්‍යානය, මිරිජ්ජවිල උද්භිද උද්‍යානය සහ හෙනරත්ගොඩ උද්භිද උද්‍යානයයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අවසානයටම ඉදිකල උද්භිද උද්‍යානය වන්නේ මෙම සීතාවක උද්භිද උද්‍යානයයි. උද්‍යානය 2014 වසරේ අගභාගයේදී මහජනයා වෙත විවෘත කරන ලදී.
සීතාවක උද්භිද උද්‍යානය පුවක්පිටිය-තුම්මොදර ප්‍රධාන මාර්ගයේ, අවිස්සාවේල්ල නගරයට ආසන්න, ඉලුකෝවිට ග්‍රාමයේ ඉදිකොට ඇත. උද්භිද උද්‍යානයේ සමස්ථ වපසරිය අක්කර 105 ක් පමණ වේ.
විල්පත්තු ජාතික වන උද්‍යානය

විල්පත්තු ජාතික වන උද්‍යානය (විල්ලු-පත්තු ) ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පිහිටි ජාතික උද්‍යානයකි.ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ දිග පහත් බිම් වියළි කලාපයේ පිහිටා ඇත. මෙම උද්‍යානය අනුරාධපුරයට කි.මී. 30 ක් බටහිරින් පිහිටා ඇති අතර පුත්තලම් සිට කි.මී. 26 ක් උතුරින් (කොළඹට කි.මී. 180 ක් පමණ උතුරින්) පිහිටා ඇත.මෙම උද්‍යානය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර් 1,317 (හෙක්ටයාර් 131, 693) වන අතර මුහුදු මට්ටමේ සිට මීටර් 0 සිට 152 දක්වා පරාසයක පවතී.විල්පත්තු ජාතික වන උද්‍යානය තුළ එකසිය හයකට ආසන්න ප්‍රමාණයක් විල් සහ තටාක දක්නට ලැබේ.විල්පත්තු යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විශාලතම හා පැරණිතම ජාතික වනෝද්‍යානයකි.
ජාතික වනෝද්‍යානය තුළ ගත් සතුන්ගේ ඡායාරූප.
අඹේවෙල එයිට්කන් ස්පෙන්ස් සුළං විදුලි බල උද්‍යානය

අඹේවෙල එයිට්කන් ස්පෙන්ස් සුළං විදුලි බල උද්‍යානය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අඹේවෙල ඉදිකල කුඩා සුළං විදුලි බල උද්‍යානයකි. බල උද්‍යානයේ හිමිකාරීත්වය සහ මෙහෙයවීම් කටයුතු, එයිට්කින් ස්පෙන්ස්හී අනු කොටසක් වන එයිස් වින්ඩ් පවර් (Ace Wind Power) විසින් සිදු කරනු ලැබේ. වර්ථමානයේ බල උද්‍යානය සතු ටර්බයින (වා රෝද) දොළහක් ක්‍රියාත්මකව පවතින අතර, එක් එක් ටර්බයිනයෙන් කිලෝවොට් 250 ක විදුලි ප්‍රමාණයක් ජනනය කරයි. බලාගාරයේ සමස්ථ විද්‍යුත් ජනන ධාරිතාවය මෙගාවොට් 3 කි.
හෙනරත්ගොඩ උද්භිද උද්‍යානය

හෙනරත්ගොඩ උද්භිද උද්‍යානය (ගම්පහ මල් වත්ත) යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නිර්මාණය කර තිබෙන උද්භිද උද්‍යාන හය අතුරින්, ගම්පහ ඉදිකොට තිබෙන උද්‍යානයයි. අනෙක් උද්භිද උද්‍යාන පහ වන්නේ පේරාදෙණිය උද්භිද උද්‍යානය, හක්ගල උද්භිද උද්‍යානය, මිරිජ්ජවිල උද්භිද උද්‍යානය, සීතාවක උද්භිද උද්‍යානය සහ ගනේවත්ත වන ඖෂධ උද්භිද උද්‍යානයයි.
ගම්පහ දුම්රිය ස්ථානයේ සිට, ගම්පහ-මිනුවන්ගොඩ ප්‍රධාන පාරේ, මීටර 450 ක් පමණ දුරින් උද්‍යානය පිහිටුවා තිබෙයි. කොළඹ සිට උද්‍යානයට කිලෝ මීටර 29 ක පමණ දුරක් පවතී. උද්‍යානය සහිත භූමි ප්‍රදේශය මුහුදු මට්ටෙම් සිට අඩි 33 ක් පමණ ඉහලින් පිහිටා තිබීම නිසා නිවර්ථන පහතරට දේශගුණ තත්වයක් පවතියි.
උද්‍යානයේ සමස්ථ වපසරිය අක්කර 36 ක් වන අතර, මෑතකදී දියත් කල නව සංවර්ධන කටයුතු වලදී තවත් අක්කර 7ක භූමි ප්‍රමාණයක් උද්‍යානයට අළුතින් එකතු කරන ලදී.
1876 වසරේ දී බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පාලකයින් විසින් මෙම භූමිය, රබර් වගා කිරීම සඳහා නිමවන ලදී. පසුව 1879 දී බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය කිවු (Kew) රාජකීය උද්භිද උද්‍යානයේ සිට රැගෙන ආ රබර් බීජ පැල මේ භූමිය තුල රෝපණය කල අතර , එම රෝපණ වැඩකටයුතු උද්‍යානයේ මුල්ම භාරකරුව සිටි මුහන්දිරම් ඒ. දි සොයිසා වෙත භාරදී තිබෙයි. එම රෝපිත රබර් ශාක 1881 වන විට පීදුනු බව සඳහන් වන අතර, ඊළඟ වසරේ සිට එහි බීජ රෝපණය සඳහා දිවයින පුරාත්, සමහර බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිත රාජ්‍යයන් වෙතත් රැගෙන ගිය බව සඳහන් වෙයි.
පසුව දිවයිනේ ප්‍රධාන උද්භිද උද්‍යානයක් ලෙස සංවර්ධනය කල මෙම භූමිය තුල, වර්ථමානයේදීද රෝපණය කල මුල්ම රබර් ශාකයේ අවශේෂ මෙන්ම 19වන සියවසේ ඉන්දවූ ශාක සමහරක් දැකගත හැකිය.
මීට අමතරව විවිධ ඕකිඩ් වර්ග, පර්ණාංග, ඖෂධ පැළෑටි, මල් පිපෙන ශාක උද්‍යානය තුල රෝපණය කොට තිබේ.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya

Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya are about 5.5 km to the west of the city of Kandy in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. In 2016, the garden was visited by 1.2 million locals and 400,000 foreign visitors. It is near the Mahaweli River (the longest river in Sri Lanka). It is renowned for its collection of orchids. The garden includes more than 4000 species of plants, including orchids, spices, medicinal plants and palm trees. Attached to it is the "National Herbarium of Sri Lanka". The total area of the botanical garden is 147 acres (0.59 km), at 460 meters above sea level, and with a 200-day annual rainfall. It is managed by the Department of national botanic gardens.
The origins of the Botanic Gardens date as far back as 1371 when King Wickramabahu III ascended the throne and kept court at Peradeniya near the Mahaweli river. This was followed by King Kirti Sri and King Rajadhi Rajasinghe. A temple was built on this location by King Wimala Dharma, but it was destroyed by the British when they were given control over the Kingdom of Kandy.
Thereafter, the groundwork for a botanical garden was formed by Alexandar Moon in 1821. He used the garden for coffee and cinnamon plants. The Botanical Garden at Peradeniya was formally established in 1843 with plants brought from Kew Garden, Slave Island, Colombo, and the Kalutara Garden in Kalutara. The Royal Botanic Garden, Peradeniya was made more independent and expanded under George Gardner as superintendent in 1844. On Gardner's death in 1849 George Henry Kendrick Thwaites became superintendent. He served until he resigned in 1879, when he was succeeded by Henry Trimen, who served until 1895. He was succeeded in turn by John Christopher Willis who served as director from 1898 until 1912.
The garden came under the administration of the Department of Agriculture when it was established in 1912.
There are avenues in the River Drive such as Cook's Pine Avenue, Palmyra Palm Avenue, Double Coconut Avenue, Cabbage Palm Avenue, and Royal Palm Avenue. The classical Avenue of Palms is in this Garden. One item with a significant history is the Cannonball Tree planted by King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary in 1901. It is often laden with fruit, which are thought to resemble cannonballs.
During World War II, the Botanic Garden was used by Lord Louis Mountbatten, the supreme commander of the allied forces in the South Asia, as the headquarters of the South East Asia Command.
The gardens were used as a location in the 1957 film The Bridge on the River Kwai.
Here is the list of some plants growing in Royal Botanical Gardens:
Peradeniya

Peradeniya (Sinhala: පේරාදෙණිය, romanized: Pēradeniya; Tamil: பேராதனை, romanized: Pērātaṉai) is a suburb of the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka with about 30,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the A1 main road, a few kilometres west of Kandy city centre. Peradeniya's name is derived from pera (guava) and deniya (a plain).
Peradeniya is famous for the Royal Botanic Gardens of Peradeniya. It is situated in a slope of the Mahaweli river and attracts many visitors from Sri Lanka as well as from abroad.
Another key attribute of this suburb is the University of Peradeniya. Its buildings are of mixed colonial and traditional Sri Lankan/South Asian styles, and located amongst the lush vegetation of the hill country. The Department of Agriculture and the Sri Lanka Telecom Training Centre is situated here.
West of the suburb lies the small historical town of Kadugannawa.
7°16′N 80°36′E﻿ / ﻿7.267°N 80.600°E﻿ / 7.267; 80.600
Dengue pandemic in Sri Lanka

The dengue pandemic in Sri Lanka is part of the tropical disease dengue fever pandemic. Dengue fever is caused by Dengue virus, first recorded in the 1960s. It is not a native disease in this island. Present-day dengue has become a major public health problem. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both mosquito species native to Sri Lanka. However, the disease did not emerge until the early 1960s. Dengue was first serologically confirmed in the country in 1962. A Chikungunya outbreak followed in 1965. In the early 1970s two type of dengue dominated in Sri Lanka: DENV-1 type1 and DENV-2 type 2. A total of 51 cases and 15 deaths were reported in 1965–1968. From 1989 onward, dengue fever has become endemic in Sri Lanka.
Dengue outbreaks started to emerge in Sri Lanka in the 1960s, with the Ministry of Health first serologically confirming the disease in Sri Lanka in 1962. However, unofficial British Ceylon clinical studies recorded dengue-like cases in Sri Lanka in the early 20th century. The first outbreak was confirmed in 1965 and was associated with DEN types 1 and 2, with 51 cases of 15 deaths between 1965 and 1968. Since 1989 dengue has become a major problem in Sri Lanka. From 1970 to 1990, multiple outbreaks with endemic were reported in Western Province urban areas. In 1990 dengue cases rose 1,350 of 54 deaths. In the early 1990s, annual dengue cases were reported as being up to 1,000. In 2002 the largest outbreak in recent years was recorded, with 8,931 cases and 64 deaths. The following year, 2003, was one of relatively low endemicity, with only 4,749 suspected cases and 32 deaths reported. In 2004 there were 15,463 suspected cases and 88 deaths reported to the Epidemiological Unit of the Ministry of Health. During the year 2005, 5,211 cases of suspected cases of DF/DHF and 26 deaths were reported to the Epidemiological Unit.
Most dengue cases reported dominated in Western Province. Outbreaks from 2005 to 2008 were attributed to a new mutation DEN type 3. Almost all the districts in Sri Lanka have reported cases and posed a threat to the health of the people. Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara and Kandy districts have recorded highest number of cases.
Sri Lanka is a tropical and warm country. Mean temperatures range from 28 °C. The rainfall pattern is influenced by monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. Average rain at 800 to 1,200 mm per year. Average humidity from 75% during different seasons and in the different regions of the country. Tropical region humidity ranges from 75% to 90%. Sri Lanka is a tropical country with two monsoons: the northeast monsoon (December to March) and the southwest monsoon (May to September). Two annual peaks have been identified in the occurrence of dengue cases in the country in association with the monsoon rain.
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds

Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds is an 1823 landscape painting by the English landscape painter John Constable (1776–1837). This image of Salisbury Cathedral, one of England's most famous medieval churches, is one of his most celebrated works, and was commissioned by one of his closest friends, John Fisher, The Bishop of Salisbury. The 1823 version of the painting has been in the collection of the Victoria & Albert Museum in London since its bequest in 1857.
Constable visited Salisbury in 1811 and made a series of sketches of the cathedral, from the south-east, the south-west and from the east end. The artist selected a viewpoint from the bishop's garden (the south-east) and returned in 1820 to make further drawings and an open-air oil sketch, now in the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, which served as the model for the London version. Included in the paintings are figures of Dr. Fisher and his wife at the bottom left. Following the exhibition of the London version at the 1823 Royal Academy, Constable observed: "My Cathedral looks very well....It was the most difficult subject in Landscape I ever had upon my Easel. I have not flinched at the work of the windows, buttresses, &c. – but I have as usual made my escape in the Evanescence of the Chiaro-Oscuro". His patron took exception to the dark cloud over the cathedral, and when he commissioned a smaller replica, requested "a more serene sky".
A full-scale replica of the painting also resides at the Frick Collection in New York City. It is slightly different in that it shows different weather and hence light. Whereas the London version depicts the cathedral with an overcast sky, the version in the Frick shows the cathedral with a clear, bright sky. It was executed in 1825 after Fisher requested, in a letter, that Constable repaint the sky in the London version. Fisher died before Constable completed the work. A full-scale study for the Frick version is currently held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
There is an earlier, homonymous version (1821–1822) of this painting at São Paulo Museum of Art in São Paulo. This is an early oil sketch for the London version.
Another, small version of the painting, measuring 62.9 × 75.9 cm, executed between 1823 and 1826, now resides at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California. This smaller, sunnier version was painted for John Fisher as a wedding present for his daughter, Elizabeth.
Constable painted many views of Salisbury Cathedral during his career, including Salisbury Cathedral and Leadenhall from the River Avon (1820) and more famously Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows (1831).
Anslem de Silva

Kongahage Anslem Lawrence de Silva (Sinhala: ඇන්ස්ලම් ද සිල්වා; born 1 August 1940) is a Sri Lankan biologist and herpetologist recognised as a pioneer of modern herpetology in Sri Lanka. His career spanned for more than five decades; de Silva has contributed to the field of zoology with much research and numerous publications particularly on crocodiles, snakes and lizards.
De Silva is known for conservation of crocodiles in Sri Lanka. He is the regional chairman of the Crocodile Specialists Group of the IUCN, South Asia and Iran.
He was born on 1 August 1940 in Matara. He completed education from St. Servatius College, Matara. Before entering the field of biology, de Silva was a renowned magician. He won two national awards at All Island Magic Competition and conducted massive shows from Matara to Jaffna. He also published 22 papers on magic. His son Panduka de Silva is also a naturalist where he worked in Andaman Islands on crocodiles.
While at the school, he rescued a rat snake, which led him to move further in field of science. Then he started to rear few non-poisonous snakes, a baby saltwater crocodile, and a few sea turtles in his home, and villagers started calling him Hoony Mahaththaya (Mr Gecko) due to his frequent outings around the village to catch geckos as a food for snakes. At the age of 17, he read the book Snakes of Ceylon written by Frank Wall which induced him to start researching snakes throughout the country.
In 1964, he joined Faculty of Medicine, Peradeniya, as the museum technician of the Department of Public Health. He retired from Department of Community Medicine in 2000.
He is the founder and president of Amphibia and Reptile Research Organisation of Sri Lanka (ARROS), which he started in 1990. ARROS is the first NGO in Sri Lanka aimed at reptile conservation. Due to his enormous contribution, de Silva was appointed as the chairman for Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force in the World Conservation Union (now the IUCN) for Sri Lanka. In 2015, he worked as the co-chairman of the Amphibian Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union. He has published more than 450 research publications on herpetofauna in Sri Lanka for last fifty years. He was the first author to publish a reptile guide with coloured photographs. To create public awareness of reptiles and amphibians, de Silva published the Sri Lanka's first series of posters illustrated with coloured photographs in 1990 and 2001.
De Silva organised a number of events at fourth World Herpetology Congress and World Crocodile Congress. In 1991, University of Peradeniya conferred a Master of Science degree for his contributions to the field of zoology. He also worked as a visiting lecturer at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya and Rajarata University of Sri Lanka.
La Résidence Phou Vao

La Résidence Phou Vao is resort on a hilltop on the edge of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Luang Prabang in Laos. Luang Prabang sits at the junction of the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers. The resort has large gardens with a spa and swimming pool which directly faces Phou si hill. Each room features a private terrace or balcony, complete with day beds and views of the gardens or the mountains, as well as luxurious oversized terrazzo baths. Indulge in a variety of leisure activities and relaxation options, all designed to rejuvenate your mind, body, and soul. Escape to the hotel's tranquil garden oasis, where you can bask in the serenity of nature or take a leisurely stroll amidst the lush greenery.
Shalini Palace

Shalini Palace ( Shaalini ) in the city of Kolhapur in the Indian state of Maharashtra was built in 1931–34 at a cost of Rs. 800,000 and was named after Princess Shalini (Shaalini) Raje of Kolhapur. The Palace stands on the west bank of the picturesque Lake Rankala (which has a circumference of 2.5 miles (4.0 km)) and is surrounded by towering palm trees, lush greenery and lovely gardens.
The palace has been converted in 1987 into a 3-star hotel and has been used as a background for many films. Because of heavy losses it had to be shut down in 2014 and given over to the Municipality. It is closed by now (March 2018).
The Palace is built of intricately carved black stone and Italian marble. Rich decorative wooden doorways fitted with etched Belgian glass bearing the crest of the Maharaja of Kolhapur, add to the regal grandeur. Majestic black stone arches form the verandah and the porch. The stained glass windows and the huge tower clock are restored to their original beauty.
Hakgala Botanical Garden

Hakgala Botanical Garden is one of the five botanical gardens in Sri Lanka. The other four are Peradeniya Botanical Garden, Henarathgoda Botanical Garden, Mirijjawila Botanical Garden and Seetawaka Botanical Garden. It is the second largest botanical garden in Sri Lanka. The garden is contiguous to Hakgala Strict Nature Reserve.
Hakgala Botanical Garden is situated on the Nuwara Eliya-Badulla main road, 16 km from Nuwara Eliya and extends for about 28 hectares. The garden has a cool temperate climate because its altitude is 5,500 feet above sea level. The mean annual temperature ranges between 16 °C to 30 °C during the course of a year. From December to February, it has a cold climate, while the warm climate persists from April to August.
The garden was established in 1861, under George Henry Kendrick Thwaites as an experimental cultivation of cinchona, a commercial crop thriving at the time. Once after tea replaced the cinchona, it was turned into an experimental tea cultivation. In 1884 it transformed into a garden. Since then many subtropical and some temperate plants have been planted in the gardens.
In Hindu mythology, it says that the Lankan King Ravana, after abducting Sita, kept her hidden in this area, and the area was offered to Sita as a pleasure garden. The place finds mention in the Ramayana as Ashok Vatika. The area was named "Sita Eliya," and "Sita Amman Temple" was built on the site.
Over 10,000 species of flora are planted here and during the spring season in Nuwara Eliya, thousands of visitors come to see the blooms here. The garden is famous for several species of orchids and roses present in this garden. In 2023, 548,742 domestic and 14,844 foreign tourists visited the garden.
Mirijjawila Botanical Garden

Mirijjawila Botanical Garden is one of the five botanical gardens in Sri Lanka. The other botanical gardens are Peradeniya Botanical Garden, Hakgala Botanical Garden, Henarathgoda Botanical Garden and Seetawaka Botanical Garden.
Mirijjawila Botanical Garden is located on the Colombo-Kataragama main road. It has the Mattala International Airport on its left side and the Hambantota Harbour on its right side.
This land was covered with thorny shrubs and abandoned chena lands, when it allocated for this purpose in 2006. Three water tanks named Kohombagas wewa, Malitthangas wewa and demataththa wewa, are constructed in the garden premises to preserve the moisture of the land.
The total area of the botanical garden is about 300 acres.
In summary, the objectives of establishing this botanical garden is:
Marta Cozmin

Marta Cozmin (n. 31 ianuarie 1930 – d. 25 ianuarie 2006) a fost o scriitoare română.
Tatăl său a fost avocatul și omul politic Aurelian Bentoiu. A fost căsătorită cu scriitorul și medicul Mircea Alexandru Pop (Alexandru Miran). Fratele ei este compozitorul Pascal Bentoiu.
A absolvit liceul la Institutul Sf. Maria (Pitar-Moș) din București. În 1945 înființează împreună cu un grup de colege revista literară Zori, care își va înceta apariția în 1947. Între 1949-1952 lucrează la institutul de Mecanică Aplicată al Academiei. În 1951, intră la Facultatea de Matematici din București. Diplomă de Stat în 1957.
Câteva cărți de povești au fost traduse: în limba germană (Cocoșul de apă și alte povești, 1977 și 1983, Porțile vântului, 1985), în limba rusă (Croitorul de povești, 1985) și în limba spaniolă (același titlu, 1986).
Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor, în 1980 și 1984.
Premiul Fundației Camil Petrescu pentru cea mai bună carte de teatru apărută în anul 2000.
Spreader bar

A spreader bar is an article of bondage equipment usually consisting of a metal or wooden bar, with attachment points for bondage cuffs at each end, which can be fastened to wrists, ankles or knees to hold them apart. They are used in bondage play, and sometimes in bedroom bondage, usually in association with other bondage equipment.
When applied to the wrists, a bar keeps the arms spread away from the body, providing an unimpeded access to the subject's torso. When applied to the ankles or between the knees, it immobilizes the subject by preventing all but the most awkward walking, and keeping the legs spread to allow unimpeded access to the subject's groin and trunk. If bars are applied between the knees and between the ankles, the subject may be forced to bend their knees, making walking even harder. A pair of bars may hold the subject in a spreadeagle position.
The bar may be attached solely to the subject, or it may be attached to a piece of furniture, the floor or a device for suspension bondage. Homemade versions can be made from dowels, bamboo rods, or closet poles.
Media related to Spreader bars at Wikimedia Commons
Fruit curd

Fruit curd is a dessert spread and topping. It is usually made with citrus fruit, though may be made with other fruits. Curds are often used as spreads and as flavourings.
Fruit curd is a dessert spread and topping usually made with citrus fruit, such as lemon, lime, orange, grapefruit or tangerine. Other flavor variations include passion fruit (or lilikoi), mango, and berries such as raspberries, cranberries or blackberries. The basic ingredients of fruit curd are beaten egg yolks, sugar, fruit juice, and zest, which are gently cooked together until thick and then allowed to cool, forming a soft, smooth, flavorful spread. The egg yolks are usually tempered in the cooking process to prevent their coagulation. Some recipes also include egg whites or butter.
Curds differ from pie fillings or custards in that they contain a higher proportion of juice and zest, which gives them a bolder, fruitier taste. Also, curds containing butter have a smoother and creamier texture than both pie fillings and custards, which contain little or no butter and use cornstarch or flour for thickening. Additionally, unlike custards, curds are not usually eaten on their own.
Homemade lemon curd was usually made in relatively small amounts as it did not keep as well as jam. In more modern times, larger quantities became possible because of the use of refrigeration. Commercially manufactured curds often contain additional preservatives and thickening agents.
In late 19th- and early 20th-century England, homemade lemon curd was traditionally served with bread or scones at afternoon tea as an alternative to jam, and as a filling for cakes, small pastries, and tarts. Contemporary commercially made curds remain a popular spread for bread, scones, toast, waffles, crumpets, pancakes, cheesecake, or muffins.
Fruit curds can also be used as a flavoring for desserts or yoghurt. Lemon-meringue pie—made with lemon curd and topped with meringue—has been a popular dessert in Britain, Canada, Australia, and the United States since the nineteenth century. Lemon curd can also have whipped cream folded into it for such uses as filling cream puffs.
Ajmer

Ajmer, o Ajmere, es una ciudad en el distrito de Ajmer en el estado de Rajastán de la India. Su población es de 525 927 habitantes (2006) y 578 906 habitantes en su área metropolitana (2006). La ciudad da su nombre a un distrito, y también a una provincia anterior de la India británica llamada Ajmer-Merwara, la cual, después de la independencia de la India, se convirtió el estado de Ajmer hasta el 1 de noviembre de 1956, cuando fue englobada en el estado de Rayastán.
Es un centro de peregrinaje para los musulmanes sufíes por la presencia del santuario de Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, a la vez que sirve de base para las vistas a Pushkar, de la que dista 11 km y es un antiguo lugar de peregrinaje hindú, famoso por albergar uno de los únicamente tres templos de la India dedicados al dios Brahma.
Se sitúa en 26° 27 N y 74° 44 E en las zonas más bajas de la colina de Taragarh. Al norte de la ciudad un lago artificial llamado Anasagar, abastece la ciudad. Ajmer está rodeada por las montañas Aravalli.
Verner von Heidenstam

Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam (Olshammar, Suecia, 6 de julio de 1859-Övralid, Suecia, 20 de mayo de 1940) fue un poeta y novelista sueco, ganador del Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1916.
Su intento de ser artista lo llevó a estudiar pintura en la Academia de Estocolmo, que abandonó al poco tiempo para iniciar un extenso viaje por Europa, África y Oriente. Su obra Vallfart och vandringsar (Años de peregrinaje y vagabundeo, 1888), una colección de poemas líricos basados en sus vivencias durante su recorrido en el Oriente, señaló el comienzo de su disidencia con el naturalismo.
Su amor por la belleza se refleja en Hans Alienus (1892), una novela alegórica. Dikter (Poemas, 1895) y Karolinerna (Los soldados de Carlos, 2 vols., 1897-1898), una novela histórica, llevan en sus páginas la misma pasión nacionalista que en la de sus demás obras.
Por su obra Nya Dikter (Nuevos poemas, 1915), un volumen de poemas líricos, le fue otorgado el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1916.
Avenida Concha y Toro

La Avenida Concha y Toro es la principal arteria de la comuna de Puente Alto, atravesándola de norte a sur. A partir de la intersección con Elisa Correa (hacia el norte), toma el nombre de Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, manteniendo ese nombre hasta Plaza Baquedano, en las comunas de Santiago y Providencia, donde comienza.
Su nombre proviene de la Viña Concha y Toro ubicada en el extremo sur de dicha avenida.
Antiguamente, cuando Puente Alto no estaba fusionado con Santiago esta avenida era llamada Ruta CH-73, que llegaba desde el centro de Puente Alto hasta que comenzaba la metrópoli de Santiago. Posteriormente, con la expansión que ocurrió en el sector suroriente de la capital, las comunas de La Florida y Puente Alto quedaron unidas y el fin de la avenida se cambió hasta el límite de la comuna, a la altura de la calle Salvador Sanfuentes.
En su trayecto se cruza con las Avenidas Gabriela Oriente y Gabriela Poniente, con la Avenida San Carlos, también con la Avenida Domingo Tocornal y con la Avenida Eyzaguirre. Además se encuentra en su trayecto el Hospital Sótero del Río, la Municipalidad de Puente Alto, la Fundación Protectora de la Infancia, la Plaza de Armas de Puente Alto y el Río Maipo.
Actualmente la avenida cuenta con 8 vías para circulación de vehículos hasta la Plaza de Armas de Puente Alto, de las cuales 6 corresponden a transporte de vehículos particulares (3 en cada sentido) y 2 vías para el corredor segregado del sistema de transporte público Red Metropolitana de Movilidad. Paralela a esta avenida va la Línea 4 del Metro de Santiago, que conecta la comuna con el resto de las comunas del Gran Santiago. Además la avenida cuenta con ciclovías en la gran mayoría de su extensión; al sur de la plaza, la avenida cuenta con 6 vías, que luego disminuyen a 2 antes de su paso por el Río Maipo, hasta llegar a su fin en la calle Ramón Subercaseaux, en la comuna de Pirque.
Senderismo en Argentina

El senderismo en Argentina se caracteriza por una amplia gama de entornos y climas para los caminantes, que se debe en gran parte a la extensa y variada geografía y ecorregiones de Argentina. Estos van desde las selvas húmedas en el norte, las regiones áridas de noroeste con sus valles y quebradas, la mesopotamia con sus humedales y tierras selváticas en Misiones, pasando por las zonas de serranías mediterráneas en el centro, hasta los picos y montañas a lo largo de la cordillera, a lo que se agregan bosques y lagos de la Patagonia en el sur.
El senderismo, si bien es considerada una especialidad dentro del «montañismo», en la actualidad su práctica se ha extendido a lugares donde no necesariamente existe ascenso, como ser en zonas rurales, costeando ríos, playas, e incluso existen agrupaciones que realizan senderismo urbano.
En el montañismo es necesario una condición física adecuada y el asesoramiento de guías calificados. En las caminatas, las dificultades están clasificadas en Baja-Media-Alta, y es quien lo práctica el que elige cómo y dónde hacerlo de acuerdo a su condición física.
En senderismo, si bien se usa la misma designación en cuanto a calificarlas en Baja-Media-Alta. No son equivalentes a las de montañismo.
Pueden realizarlo prácticamente personas de todas las edades, en familia, grupos pequeños, o grandes, siendo esta una de las maneras de conocer lugares, su cultura, tradiciones, naturaleza, etc. Es altamente recomendable que las personas que desean practicar este deporte efectúen antes un examen físico con un médico deportólogo.
En invierno o verano es conveniente un guía o coordinador, aunque actualmente existen lugares perfectamente accesibles y señalizados como los parques nacionales.
En Argentina puede ser considerada todavía una actividad incipiente, pero que va creciendo e incluso avanzando en su legislación. Existen asociaciones e instituciones a nivel terciario y universitario que contemplan la carrera: Guías de Senderismo (o Senderismo).
Existen en las diferentes provincias circuitos delineados y controlados; como por ejemplo:
Otros senderos (también llamados picadas o huellas), en el mejor de los casos, se encuentran señalizados con las denominadas apachetas, mojones: piedras colocadas de manera visible que indican el camino.
Asociación Europea de Senderismo

La Asociación Europea de Senderismo (European Ramblers' Association en inglés) es el organismo que se encarga de regular los Senderos Europeos de Gran Recorrido, así como a promocionar el senderismo y defender los derechos de los senderistas al libre acceso a zonas de naturaleza que requieran cruzar fronteras internacionales.​
Tiene su sede en la localidad de Kassel (Alemania). Cuenta con la afiliación de 58 organizaciones en 33 naciones europeas.​
Asociación Noruega de Senderismo

La Asociación Noruega de Senderismo (en noruego: Den norske turistforening, DNT) es una asociación noruega que mantiene senderos de montaña y cabañas en Noruega. La asociación fue fundada el 21 de enero de 1868 con el objetivo de "ayudar y desarrollar el turismo en este país". Hoy el objetivo es trabajar por actividades al aire libre sencillas, seguras y respetuosas con el medio ambiente. DNT tiene actualmente más de 300.000​ miembros individuales y 57 asociaciones miembro con equipos locales afiliados. También cuenta con varios "miembros honorarios", personas destacadas que han mostrado un gran interés por la naturaleza noruega y han dado publicidad al país como destino turístico, entre ellos Kofi Annan y Katie Melua . El secretario general de la asociación es Dag Terje Klarp Solvang.​
La primera cabaña de DNT fue Krokan junto a la cascada de Rjukan. Posteriormente, la cascada se aprovechó para la producción de energía hidroeléctrica y se vendió la cabaña. Hoy se ha reabierto, situada junto a la carretera principal de Tinn a Vinje . Junto con organizaciones locales de toda Noruega, opera más de 550​ cabañas en las montañas y bosques noruegos.
Olav Thon, un inversor inmobiliario noruego y excursionista aficionado, ha donado hasta ahora 55 millones de coronas noruegas a la asociación.​ El dinero se ha gastado para construir cabañas nuevas y renovar las existentes.
Cuarenta y una de las cabañas cuentan con personal. El resto son de autoservicio, y algunas cuentan con víveres. Las cabañas de autoservicio están cerradas ocasionalmente, y para usarlas es necesario obtener una llave del DNT por un depósito de NOK 100 (si se devuelve la llave, también se devolverá el dinero). Cada cabaña de autoservicio contiene una pila de formularios de pago con tarjeta de débito/crédito. Este formulario debe completarse al finalizar una estadía y depositarse en la casilla de pago. Debes registrarte antes​ usando una litera.
La mayoría de las cabañas de autoservicio tienen paneles solares y por lo tanto electricidad, pero no disponen de agua corriente por lo que generalmente se ubican muy cerca de un río desde el cual se pueden llenar los baldes. Antes de salir de una cabaña de autoservicio, se considera una buena etiqueta cargar leña, lavar los platos, limpiar el piso y (si es necesario) cerrar la puerta con llave.