davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Mudkip

Mudkip, ing Jepang diarani Mizugorou (ミズゴロウ, Mizugorou), iku spésies Pokémon jinis banyu ning Pokémon saka Nintendo and Game Freak. Digawé déning Ken Sugimori, Mudkip pisanan metu ing vidio gim Pokémon Ruby and Saphire lan sakcandaké. Spésies Pokémon iki metu ing macem-macem barang dagangan, spinoff, animasi, lan adhaptasi cithakan liyané.
Spésies Pokémon iki awujud Iwak Lélé, Mudkip pisanan metu ing 2003 ing Pokémon Ruby and Saphire, minangka salah siji saka telu Pokémon wiwitan kang bisa dipilih marang kang main ing wiwitan dolanan. Mudkip wis metu ing samak kothak kanggo Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Blue Rescue Team, Pokémon Pinball: Ruby & Sapphire, Pokémon Channel, lan Pokémon Dash.
Mudkip bakal évolusi dadi Marshtomp nalika lèvel 16 lan bakal évolusi manèh dadi Swampert nalika lèvel 36.
Mudkip ya iku Pokémon awujud Iwak Lélé. Ukurané cilik warnané biru lan nduwéni sirip kang gedhé ing sirah kang bisa kanggo mangertèni owahé kaanan ing hawa lan banyu, tumindak minangka radar. Nalika ing banyu, Mudkip nggunakaké angsang landhep warna oranye ing pipi kanggo ambegan nalika nggunakaké buntut kang gedhé kanggo nglangi. Mudkip iku kuwat, senadyan awaké cilik; bisa kanggo ngangkat samubarang utawa ngremukké watu kang gedhé. Nalika turu, padha ngubur dhéwé ing lemah ing banyu. Mudkip lan kulawarga évolusiné manggon ing rawa-rawa utawa sawah, ing pulo kang mencil, amarga ora seneng urip ing banyu kang seger (bening) saka tlaga utawa blumbang. Miturut The Illustrated Encyclopedia of North American Reptiles and Amphibians, Mudkip lan kulawarga évolusiné dhedhasar saka salamander, senadyanan IGN wis ngandika yèn iki "kaya makhluk urip misuwur minangka mudskipper, kang dadi inspirasi dhésain lan jenengé".
Pakan kéwan

Panganan ingon-ingon minangka tanduran utawa bahan kewan sing dienggo dipangan dening kewan ingon. Biasane didol ing toko ingon-ingon lan supermarket, umume khusus kanggo jinis kewan, kayata panganan segawon utawa panganan kucing . Umume daging sing digunakake kanggo kewan sing dudu manungsa minangka produk sampingan saka industri panganan manungsa, lan ora dianggep minangka "nilai manungsa
Ing taun 2018, pasar panganan hewan peliharaan dunya regane US $ 87,08 milyar lan diprakirake bakal tuwuh dadi US $ 113,2 milyar ing taun 2024. Pasar panganan ingon-ingon dikuasai limang perusahaan utama, ing taun 2019: Mars, Inc., Nestle Purina Petcare, JM Smucker, Hill's Pet Nutrisi, Inc. (duweke Colgate-Palmolive ), lan Blue Buffalo Co. Ltd (duweke Mills Umum ).
Amarga kebiasaan panganan karnivora akeh kewan ingon-ingon (utamane kucing lan segawon), kalebu konsumsi kira-kira kaping lima daging lan iwak ing donya, pengaruh produksi panganan ingon-ingon ing tilas karbon lan perubahan iklim dadi masalah.
Irving Berlin

HIDDEN ERROR: Usage of "Spouse" is not recognized
Irving Berlin (lair ing Ruslan, 11 Mèi 1888 – pati ing New York City, Amérikah Sarékat, 22 Sèptèmber 1989 ing umur 101 taun) inggih punika satunggaling komponis lan panulis lagu Amérikah Sarékat, salah satunggaling pengarang lagu ingkang paling bakat lan misuwur wonten ing sajarah. Berlin inggih punika salah satunggal saking sakedhik panulis lagu Tin Pan Alley/Broadway ingkang nyerat, tembung-tembung punapa déné musik saking lagu-lagunipun. Èwadènè piyambakipun boten natè sinau kanggé maos musik langkung saking tingkat ingkang paling dhasar, piyambakipun sampun ngarang langkung saking 3.000 lagu, antawisipuninggih punika ("God Bless America", "White Christmas", "Alexander's Ragtime Band", "There's No Business Like Show Business") nilaraken tandha ingkang boten saged kabusak wonten ing musik lan budaya Amérika. Kajawi lagu-lagunipun punika, piyambakipun ugi ngarang 17 karya musik kanggé filem lan 21 karya musik Broadway.
Berlin miyos kanthi namaIsraèl Isidore Baline wonten ing sadengahing kulawarga Yahudi wonten ing Tyumen, Ruslan kamungkinan Mogilev, sapunika péranganing Bélarus). Kulawarganipun migrasi dhateng Amérikah Sarékat rikala taun 1891. Tiyang sepuhipun ingkang nama Leah (Lena) Yarchin lan Moses Baline; bapakipun minangka "rabi" lan pikantuk pedamelan kanthi maringaken sertifikat kosher meat.
Sasampun bapakipun tilar donya ing taun 1896, Irving kedah kerja kanggé saged tetetp gesang. Piyambakpiun nindakaken kathah pedamelan ing margi, kalebet nyadè ariwarta lan busking. Realitas ékonomi ingkang keras saèngga piyambakipun kedah kerja utawi luwè, njalari dampak ingkang rumesep tumrap caraning Berlin mèrang kabetahan artanipun. Dènè ugi kerja minangka pelayan ingkang nyanyi ing Kafe Pelham ing Pecinan, Berlin dipunsuwuni pirsa déning ingkang gadhah saperlu ngarang satunggaling lagu asli kanggé kafenipun amargi kedai sainganipun gadhah lagu piyambak ingkang dipunterbitaken. Kasilipun inggih punika "Marie from Sunny Italy", ingkang lajeng dipunterbitaken. Èwadènè lagu punika namung pikantuk bayaran 37 sen arta punika maringi sawijining karier énggal lan nama ingkang énggal ugi: Israèl Baline lepat anggènipun nyetak dados "I. Berlin" wonten ing kertas musikipun.
Kathah saking lagunipun ingkang kapisanan, antawisipun "Sadie Salome (Go Home)", "That Mesmerizing Mendelssohn Tune", lan "Oh How That German Could Love", cukup sukses wonten ing wujud lembaran musik, minangka rekaman, ing panggung vaudeville, utawi minangka interpolasi ing salebeting pertunjukan panggung, nanging lagu ingkang "Alexander's Ragtime Band", ingkang dipunkarang taun 1911, ingkang damel karieripun minggah minangka salah satunggaling bintang paling cemerlang saking Tin Pan Alley. Richard Corliss, wonten ing Time nyerat profil Berlin taun 2001.
Cithakan:Great American Songbook
Guilinggao

Guilinggao ( Chinese ), uga dikenal minangka sele kura-kura (sanajan ora sacara teknis) utawa bubuk penyu, minangka obat Cina kaya jeli, uga didol minangka panganan cuci mulut. Biasane digawe saka gao, utawa tempel plastron (cangkang ngisor) saka kura-kura Cuora trifasciata (umume diarani "kura-kura kothak telu", utawa "penyu koin emas", 金錢龜) lan macem-macem produk herbal, khususe, China nggunakake Smilax glabra (土 伏 苓, Tu fu ling ). Sanajan kura-kura duwit receh emas ( Cuora trifasciata ) ditandur kanthi komersial ing Tiongkok modern, nanging larang regane; , sanajan bahan-bahan turtle digunakake ing guilinggao sing kasedhiya kanthi komersial, asale saka spesies penyu liyane sing umume kasedhiya. Luwih asring, guilinggao sing kasedhiya kanggo komersial didol minangka panganan cuci mulut ora ngemot bubuk cangkang penyu. Dheweke nuduhake aditif herbal sing padha karo obat kasebut lan uga dipasarake kanggo menehi kulit kanggo kulit nalika ditelan.
Gudir jambu

Jeli jambu biji (basa Spanyol : bocadillo (de guayaba), "cemilan jambu biji"), utawa guava paste, yaiku kuali Kolombia sing digawe nganggo pulp jambu biji lan panela, sing dikonsumsi akeh ing saindenging Kolombia, salah sawijining produsen jambu biji paling gedhe ing saindenging jagad. Kutha Vélez, Departemen Santander, minangka pusat produksi utama kanggo wong manis lan menehi jeneng alternatif " bocadillo Veleño ".
Bocadillo umume diiringi keju, disebar ing roti, utawa mung dipangan dhewe. Paling asring wujud blok cilik persegi dowo, kanthi konsistensi sing kuat lan warna abang sing jero, katon kaya panganan cuci mulut Spanyol dulce de membrillo .
Biru

Biru punika satunggiling warni saking tigang warni primèr. Werni primèr sanèsipun inggih punika ijem lan abrit. Werni biru asring dipunanggé nggambaraken warni langit lan toya seganten. Ing babagan budaya, warni biru ugi dipunanggé nggambaraken trah ningrat (rah/getih biru).
Ékonomi Biru

Ékonomi Biru utawa ékonomi biru ya iku prosès ing pundhi sakabèhé bahan baku lan prosès produksi asalé saka alam lan mèlu cara alam kerja. Model ékonomi ing mangsa bakal njupuk menyang akun kaluwihan lan inovasi strategi déning Dipuntedahaken kaanan alam. Konsep ''Blue Economi'' iki dikembangaké kanggo maringi sauran saka tantangan sistem ékonomi ing donya sing kathah dadi exploitatif lan bakal ngrusak kanggo lingkungan: sanèsipun sampah, karusakan lingkungan disebabake eksploitasi ngluwihi kapasitas daya dukung saka alam. Inti saka Blue Economi ya iku ''Sustainable Development'' sing duwé semboyan ''Blue Sky - Blue Ocean'' supados ékonomi awoh, rakyat makmur, nanging langit lan sagara tansah lestari.
Elderslie, New South Wales

Elderslie is a suburb of the Macarthur Region of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia in Camden Council. In addition, it is located on the east side of the Nepean River. It has a small local shop, high school, primary school, skateboard park, netball courts, cricket, Australian Football (AFL) oval, Rugby League oval, a BMX track and a historic house, John Oxley Cottage, which was built in the 1890s and converted into the Camden Visitors' centre in 1989. It was named after explorer John Oxley who held an early grant of land in the area.
The area now known as Elderslie was probably originally home to the Tharawal people, based in the Illawarra region, although the Western Sydney-based Darug people and the Southern Highlands-based Gandangara people were also known to have inhabited the greater Camden area. Very early relations with British settlers were cordial but as farmers started clearing and fencing the land affecting food resources in the area, clashes between the groups arose until 1816 when a number of indigenous people were massacred and the remainder retreated from direct conflict with the settlers.
In 1795, a group of lost cattle was discovered in the area, earning it the name Cowpastures. In 1805, a small hut was built at Elderslie near the ford on the Nepean River to house two constables assigned to keep an eye on the cattle. This was the first house built by British settlers in the Camden region. Later the same year, wool pioneer John Macarthur was granted 5,000 acres (20 km²) at Cowpastures. After the land was cleared, it was used for farming for most of the next 200 years until Sydney's suburban sprawl reached the town of Camden and modern suburbs like Elderslie were subdivided into housing blocks.
Elderslie Post Office opened on 1 January 1839 and closed on 30 April 1841 when it was replaced by the nearby Camden office. It reopened on 1 August 1876 and closed in 1969.
At the 2021 census, there were 7,878 residents in Elderslie. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.7% of the population. The most common ancestries in Elderslie were Australian 41.2%, English 41.0%, Scottish 10.7%, Irish 10.5%, and Italian 5.5%. 83.1% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 3.4%. 89.1% of people spoke only English at home. The top responses for religious affiliation were No Religion 33.2%, Catholic 27.7%, and Anglican 19.8%.
Elderslie lies in the south ward of Camden Council, currently (March 2021) represented by Russell Zammit, Eva Campbell and Paul Farrow. It sits within the state electorate of Camden, represented by Labor's Sally Quinnell, and the federal electorate of Hume, represented by the Liberal Party's Angus Taylor.
34°03′17″S 150°42′45″E﻿ / ﻿34.05462°S 150.71250°E﻿ / -34.05462; 150.71250
Thalia (bookstore)

Thalia is a chain of more than 200 book shops in Germany (a country with fixed book prices), Austria, and Switzerland.
The shops are often located in shopping centres where they can regularly welcome a certain number of walk-in customers, who actually didn't go out to buy books, but do that then en passant anyway. Depending on the local situation, Thalia sometimes also refrains from building a new shop in favour of purchasing an available edifice. Also whole book store chains have occasionally been taken over by Thalia Cervantes.
Since Thalia, mainly owned by Herder Publishing Group, is a prosperous enterprise which can afford to sustain relatively large, well equipped shops with many books in stock and long opening hours, small local shops are prone to resent the settling of a Thalia shop in their area. Still the fixed prices for books in Germany give smaller competitors a chance. However Thalia has also adopted single book shops. Moreover, there is support for local businesses in the way that every Thalia chain store has a section for local literature (featuring local history, vernacular etc.), keepsakes and related articles.
The company early on picked up the concept of multichannel marketing and therefore taken a stake in an established German online book shop. Thalia's very own shop has a share in Thalia's growth. Customer from rural parts of the country can order books online and hereby make sure that even special titles are available and reserved when they go shopping on the weekend. Elderly people who have difficulties leaving their house can phone a Thalia chain store and ask to have books sent to their home and the receiving employee will carry out the order online instead of the customer. (The national competitor Weltbild provides thus options too.) Thalia also sells gift cards that can be used in their shops as well as online.
In 2008, Thalia committed itself to the German e-book market and made a deal with Sony related to Sony's e-book reader. The growing demand in e-books convinced Thalia to announce the release of their own device. In the same year, the "Oyo" (basically a German version of the 4FFF N618) was launched in cooperation with Medion, a company well known for its previous cooperations with Aldi. Since 2013 Thalia has sold Tolino e-readers.
Thalia Germany has also sister companies in Austria and Switzerland.
Herr's Snacks

Herr's is an American brand of potato chips and other snack foods produced and marketed by eponymous private American company Herr Foods Inc. based in Nottingham, Pennsylvania. Their products are sold primarily throughout the Eastern United States and Canada and they have a stronghold in the Mid-Atlantic region. Their products are sold in all 50 American states and in over 40 countries.
In 1946, Jim Herr, then 21 years old, purchased a small potato chip company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Initial sales averaged approximately thirty dollars a week ($484 today, adjusted for inflation).
In 1958, the company introduced flavored potato chips and in 1974, switched to foil packaging from the traditional glassine bags. In the 1970s and 1980s there was a growth in the snack food industry which prompted an expansion in the variety of products being manufactured including corn chips, tortilla chips, and pretzels. The Herr Angus Farm, a cattle farm which made use of potato waste products, was added in the 1980s. Herr began transferring control of the company to his sons, Ed Herr and J. M. Herr, in the 1990s. Ed took over as company spokesman. Jim retired as company chair in favor of J. M. Herr in January 2005, but remained on the board of directors until his death.
Jim Herr died on April 5, 2012, at the age of 87. Ed Herr and J. M. Herr assumed the roles of president and executive chairman respectively.
Herr's produces a wide variety of snack foods including potato chips, pretzels, tortilla chips, cheese curls, popcorn, and onion rings. They produce, as of July 2016, 37 different potato chip varieties with an emphasis on strong and spicy flavors. Among their offerings are Ragin Ranch, Buffalo Blue Cheese, Old Bay, Horseradish, Baby Back Ribs, Kansas City Steak, Hot Sauce, and Jalapeño in addition to more traditional varieties such as Barbecue, Kettle Cooked, Sour Cream & Onion, Cheddar & Sour Cream, Salt & Pepper, Ketchup, Habanero and Creamy Ranch, and Salt & Vinegar.
In January 2016, Herr's released a picture on social media previewing a new Crab Fries flavored potato chips in partnership with Chickie's & Pete's, a sports bar also headquartered in the Philadelphia region. Herr's planned to release the chips to stores a couple of months after the announcement, however the chips instead were released a month later in February due to popular demand. They also released a BBQ chips line in partnership with Stubbs BBQ sauce.
Herr's potato chips are sold in distinctive foil packaging.
A subplot of an episode of The Office features Jim Halpert and Karen Filippelli spending an entire workday searching for a package of Herr's salt and vinegar chips. In a DVD exclusive for season 3, Kevin Malone makes a quesadilla out of Herr's Sour Cream & Onion chips and spray cheese.
The Herr's Visitors' Center was built in 1989 and is adjacent to the plant in Nottingham, Pennsylvania. Tour guides lead visitors through both the visitors' center and the plant. The tours last approximately one hour.
Manggis

Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) adalah sejenis pohon hijau abadi dari daerah tropika yang diyakini berasal dari Semenanjung Malaya dan menyebar ke Kepulauan Nusantara. Tumbuh hingga mencapai ketinggian antara 7 hingga 25 meter. Buahnya juga disebut manggis, berwarna merah keunguan ketika matang, meskipun ada pula varian yang kulitnya berwarna merah. Buah manggis dalam perdagangan dikenal sebagai "ratu buah", sebagai pasangan durian, si "raja buah". Buah ini mengandung mempunyai aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Sehingga di luar negeri buah manggis dikenal sebagai buah yang memiliki kadar antioksidan tertinggi di dunia.
Manggis berkerabat dengan kokam, asam kandis dan asam gelugur, rempah bumbu dapur dari tradisi boga India dan Sumatra.
Manggis merupakan sebuah pohon tropis yang tumbuh dalam suhu hangat dan stabil, paparan suhu di bawah 0 °C (32 °F) untuk jangka waktu yang lama, umumnya akan membunuh tanaman dewasa. Hortikulturis yang berpengalaman telah menumbuhkan spesies ini di luar ruangan dan membawanya untuk dikembangkan di daerah ekstrem, selatan Florida.
Manggis bersifat apomiksis obligat, biji tidak berasal dari fertilisasi dan diduga mempunyai keanekaragaman genetik sempit, sehingga diperkirakan manggis di alam hanya satu klon dan sifatnya sama dengan induknya. Kenyataan di lapang menunjukkan adanya keanekaragaman tanaman manggis yang mungkin disebabkan faktor lingkungan mau pun faktor genetik akibat mutasi alami sejalan dengan sejarah tanaman manggis yang telah berumur ribuan tahun.
Buah manggis muda, di mana tidak memerlukan pemupukan untuk tumbuh (lihat agamospermy), pertama kali akan berwarna hijau pucat atau hampir putih di bawah kanopi. Saat buah membesar selama 2 hingga 3 bulan ke depan, warna kulitnya akan menjadi hijau gelap. Pada periode ini, pertumbuhan ukuran buah dapat meningkat hingga kulitnya berukuran 6–8 cm (2,4-3,1 inchi) dengan diameter luar, akan tetap keras hingga pematangan akhir tiba.
Sifat kimia dari permukaan bawah kulit manggis terdiri dari berbagai polifenol, termasuk xanthones dan tanin yang menjamin astringent dapat menghambat perhatian serangga, jamur, virus tanaman, bakteri dan pemangsa hewan, pada saat buah belum matang. Perubahan warna dan pelunakan kulit menjadi proses alami yang menunjukkan pematangan buah dapat dimakan dan benih telah selesai berkembang.
Manggis disantap dalam keadaan matang dengan membelah dua kulitnya dengan hati-hati sehingga bisa dikeluarkan isinya. Namun manggis muda berwarna hijau juga dijual dengan rasa lebih kecut namun sekaligus juga manis.
Seruit

Seruit adalah makanan khas dari Provinsi Lampung yang menjadi ciri unik budaya kuliner masyarakat setempat. Makanan ini terdiri dari ikan yang dicampur dengan biji timun, terong, sambal dan bahan-bahan pelengkap seperti tempoyak (fermentasi durian), lalapan, atau bahkan buah mangga kweni muda. Seruit biasanya disantap dalam kebersamaan, baik dalam acara keluarga maupun pertemuan masyarakat, sehingga turut mencerminkan nilai-nilai kekeluargaan masyarakat Lampung
Di Wilayah Way Kanan, Seruit ditambah sedikit air jeruk lesom (air aren yang digunakan untuk membuat gula aren yang tidak jadi) dan di kebudayaan adat Lampung Pesisir, Seruit cendrung lebih berkuah.
Seruit bukan hanya sekadar makanan khas Lampung, tetapi juga memiliki nilai filosofis yang dalam. Dalam bahasa Lampung, kata “nyeruit” atau “muju” sering digunakan sebagai ajakan untuk berkumpul dan menikmati makanan bersama-sama. Ajakan ini mengandung nilai kebersamaan yang kuat, mencerminkan keakraban dan kedekatan di antara keluarga, teman, serta kerabat. Tradisi nyeruit ini tetap melekat kuat pada masyarakat Lampung hingga saat ini, dan menjadi simbol persatuan serta solidaritas dalam komunitas. Momen menikmati seruit bersama memperkuat hubungan sosial dan kekeluargaan di tengah-tengah masyarakat Lampung. Seruit juga kerap kali dihidangkan di acara keluarga, pernikahan, keagamaan hingga acara adat.
Sekilas Seruit khas Lampung memang terlihat mirip dengan ikan bakar bumbu atau pecel lele. Akan tetapi, pembuatan seruit khas Lampung biasanya menggunakan ikan sungai. Seperti ikan belida, layis, baung, dan lain-lain. Selain ikan sungai, ikan air tawar juga banyak digunakan sebagai alternatif.
Ciri khas seruit Lampung bukan hanya pada jenis ikan yang digunakan saja. Tapi juga pada penggunaan tempoyak di dalamnya. Tempoyak sendiri adalah durian matang yang difermentasi. Yaitu dengan cara menggarami daging durian matang untuk kemudian diasamkan. Setelah proses fermentasi selesai, daging durian akan dihaluskan dan menjadi tempoyak.
Untuk membuat seruit, terdapat 2 kelompok bahan yaitu Bahan Ikan dan bahan sambal. Untuk Bahan ikan bisa menggunakan Ikan Pindang, Ikan Bakar, Pepes, dan Ikan Goreng yang merupakan ikan air tawar. Untuk resep ini menggunakan Ikan Patin Bakar
Durian's Affair

Durian's Affair (Korean: 아씨 두리안) is a 2023 South Korean television series written by Im Sung-han, and starring Park Joo-mi, Choi Myung-gil, Kim Min-jun, Han Da-gam, Jeon No-min, Yoon Hae-young, Ji Young-san, Yoo Jung-hoo, and Lee Da-yeon. It aired on TV Chosun from June 24 to August 13, 2023, every Saturday and Sunday at 21:10 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Coupang Play in South Korea, and on Viki and Viu in selected regions.
Two women from a noble family in the Joseon dynasty get entangled with men through time travel to the year 2023, the present.
The series was originally titled Fairy Durian (선녀 두리안; Seonnyeo Durian). Filming began soon after the script reading of the cast, which was held on February 15, 2023.
Corypha umbraculifera

Corypha umbraculifera, the talipot palm, is a species of palm native to eastern and southern India and Sri Lanka. It is also grown in Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Mauritius and the Andaman Islands. It is one of the five accepted species in the genus Corypha. It is a flowering plant with the largest inflorescence in the world. It lives up to 60 years before bearing flowers and fruits. It dies shortly after.
It is one of the largest palms with individual specimens having reached heights of up to 25 m (82 ft) with stems up to 1.3 m (4.3 ft) in diameter. It is a fan palm (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with large, palmate leaves up to 5 m (16 ft) in diameter, with a petiole up to 4 m (13 ft), and up to 130 leaflets.
The talipot palm bears the largest inflorescence of any plant, 6–8 m (20–26 ft) long, consisting of one to several million small flowers borne on a branched stalk that forms at the top of the trunk (the titan arum, Amorphophallus titanum, from the family Araceae, has the largest unbranched inflorescence, and the species Rafflesia arnoldii has the world's largest single flower). The talipot palm is monocarpic, flowering only once, when it is 30 to 80 years old. It takes about a year for the fruit to mature, producing thousands of round, yellow-green fruit 3–4 cm (1–1.5 in) in diameter, each containing a single seed. The plant dies after fruiting.
The talipot palm is cultivated in South India and Sri Lanka. It is also cultivated in Southeast Asian countries of Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and the Andaman Islands. It is also grown sparsely in China.
Historically, the leaves were written upon in various South Asian and South-East Asian cultures using an iron stylus to create palm leaf manuscripts. In the Philippines, it is locally known as buri or buli. The leaves are also used for thatching, and the sap is tapped to make palm wine. In South India, the palm leaves are used to make umbrellas for agricultural workers. The tree is known as kudapana (കുടപ്പന) in Malayalam, talo (/tɑːloʊ/, ତାଳ) in Odia, sreetalam (శ్రీతాళం) in Telugu and kudaipanai (குடைப்பனை) in Tamil, which means umbrella palm. The plant is known as tala (තල) in Sri Lanka, by local Sinhalese people.
In Cambodia, the palm is known as tréang (it was also known by the French name latanier), and as noted above was extensively used in the past to write religious manuscripts. In recent times the leaf media has been used by traditional healers and soothsayers. The mature leaves are used to make thatches, mats and hats. The petioles can be used in the manufacture of canes, arrows and netting needles. At low tide, fishers use the fruit to stupefy fish.
Michael Aris

Michael Vaillancourt Aris (27 March 1946 – 27 March 1999) was a British historian who wrote and lectured on Bhutanese, Tibetan, and Himalayan culture and history. He was the husband of Aung San Suu Kyi, who would later become State Counsellor of Myanmar.
Aris was born in Havana, Cuba, son of British Council officer John Arundel Aris and Josette, daughter of Emile Vaillancourt, Canadian Ambassador to Cuba.
He was educated at Worth School in Sussex, and read modern history at Durham University, where he was a member of St Cuthbert's Society. After graduating in 1967, he spent six years as a private tutor to the children of the Bhutanese royal family.
In 1976, Aris moved on to the University of Oxford and became a junior research fellow and a member of the university faculty at St John's College. In 1978, he obtained a Ph.D. in Tibetan literature from SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies). Later at St Antony's College, Oxford, he became a senior research fellow at the Asian Studies Centre. In the last years before his death, he helped establish a specialist Tibetan and Himalayan studies centre at Oxford.
Michael Aris's identical twin brother, Anthony Aris, similarly became a scholar of Tibetan studies, and founded Serindia Publications to focus on bringing Tibetan history and culture to modern audiences.
Having met at university, Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi were married in a Buddhist ceremony in 1972. After spending a year in Bhutan, they settled in North Oxford, where they raised their two sons, Alexander Aris and Kim Aris. During this time, Aris pursued his postgraduate studies at SOAS and obtained a PhD in Tibetan literature in 1978. In 1988, Aung San Suu Kyi returned to Burma, at first to care for her mother, but later to lead the country's pro-democracy movement. St John's College provided Aris with an extended leave of absence as a fellow on full stipend so that he could lobby for his wife's cause.
In 1997, Aris was diagnosed with prostate cancer which was later found to be terminal. Several countries, prominent individuals and organisations – including the United States government, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Pope John Paul II – made appeals to the Burmese authorities to issue a visa for Aris. The Burmese government however refused this request, claiming a lack of adequate healthcare facilities and instead urging Aung San Suu Kyi to leave the country to visit him. Although Suu Kyi was at the time temporarily relieved from house arrest, she was unwilling to depart. Not trusting the junta's assurances, she feared her re-entry would be refused upon her return.
In the ten years following his wife's first house arrest in 1989, Aris would only see Suu Kyi another five times before his death in 1999. Their last meeting took place at Christmas 1995, when Suu Kyi had been released from house arrest.
Aris died of prostate cancer on his 53rd birthday in 1999, in Oxford.
Duangphet Phromthep

Duangphet Phromthep (Thai: ดวงเพชร พรหมเทพ; 3 July 2005 – 14 February 2023) was the Thai captain of the Wild Boars football team that was rescued from Tham Luang Nang Non cave in 2018.
He won a football scholarship to England in 2022. He died by suicide in 2023.
Duangphet was born on 3 July 2005 to mother Chanta Jai-Ngiem, and known as Dom. He grew up in Chiang Rai.
He was the captain of the Wild Boars football team that became trapped in the Tham Luang Nang Non cave on 23 June 2018, prompting the seventeen-day Tham Luang cave rescue.
In 2022, Duangphet won a Zico Foundation scholarship to Brooke House College Football Academy in Leicestershire, England.
On 12 February 2023, Duangphet was found unconscious in his room at Brooke House College Football Academy. He was taken to Kettering General Hospital, where he died on 14 February.
He was 17 years old at the time of his death. Leicestershire Police described the circumstances of death as unsuspicious.
Following his death, Duangphet's family made a public appeal to Zico Foundation leader and former footballer Kiatisuk Senamuang for funds to repatriate his body to Thailand. After a cremation in the United Kingdom, Kiatisuk Senamuang delivered Duangphet's ashes to his parents at Suvarnabhumi Airport on 4 March 2023. A Buddhist ceremony was held for Duangphet in the Wat Phra That Doi Wao temple in Chiang Rai province.
An inquest concluded that he had died by suicide. The reason for his death is unknown.
Mapendo Rose

Rose Mapendo (wavutse 1963) ni umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu . Yashinze Fondasiyo ye yise Rose Mapendo ifite intego yo guha ubushobozi abagore bo mu Rwanda, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n'Uburundi kugira ngo bave hejuru y'ibibazo byabo maze bishyire hamwe kugira ngo amahoro mu karere kabo .
Rose Mapendo yavukiye i Mulenge, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC), muri 1963. Yakuriye mu muryango uciye bugufi , bakuriye mu idini rya gikristo . Akomoka mu bwoko bwa Banyamulenge . Yakuriye mu gushyingirwa no kubyara akurikije umuco w'umuryango we, Mapendo ntabwo yigeze ajya ku ishuri. Yashatse afite imyaka 16, nkuko bisanzwe mu bagore bo mu muryango wabo. Nyuma, muri 1994, yimukiye mu mujyi wa Mbuji-Mayi kugira ngo abana be bashobore kujya ku ishuri maze umugabo we atangira umwuga we wo kubaga.
Muri Nyakanga 2000, Mapendo n'abana be bahawe impunzi maze bimukira muri Amerika. Muri kiriya gihe, Rose ntiyari azi niba Nangabire yarokotse. Nyuma yo gushakisha igihe kirekire, Rose yakiriye ijambo avuga ko ababyeyi be n’umukobwa bari bazima. Muri 2007, Nangabire yabonye impunzi maze ahura n'umuryango we muri Amerika. Nubwo yari yarababajwe cyane, atandukanijwe n’umuryango we, yatsinze ingorane zose zo kwimukira mu kindi gihugu, kwiga ururimi rushya, no kubona inzira binyuze muri gahunda y’uburezi, ubu akaba ari umugore na nyina ufite imyaka 20 kandi akora nk'umurezi ( yizeye kuzaba umuforomo ).
Mapendo kuri ubu aba i Phoenix, muri Arizona, kandi afite abana icumi. Biga mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza zaho, basengera mu rusengero rwaho kandi bakora mu bice bitandukanye mu rusengero. Impanga zavutse zikiri mu nkambi y'urupfu zarangije amashuri yisumbuye mu mpeshyi o muri 2017. Rose ubu ni nyirakuru w'abana batandatu.
2007 - Igihembo cya Volvo 2008 - Intwari ya CNN 2009 - Uwatsindiye igihembo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye cyita ku buntu 2015 - Igihembo cya Muhammad Ali Ikiremwamuntu cyumwaka kubera uburinganire
Ikigo cya Akilah

Ikigo cya Akilah ni ishuri ridaharanira inyungu ku bagore i Kigali, mu Rwanda . Ni kaminuza ya mbere y’abagore mu gihugu . Ikigo gitanga impamyabumenyi y'imyaka itatu mu kwihangira imirimo nka rwiyemezamirimo, gucunga neza abashyitsi, hamwe na sisitemu yamakuru . Akilah yemerewe binyuze muri Minisiteri y'Uburezi mu Rwanda .
Ikigo cya Akilah cyashinzwe muri 2008 na Elizabeth Dearborn Hughes na Dave Hughes . Elizabeth Hughes yimukiye mu Rwanda nyuma yo kurangiza muri kaminuza ya Vanderbilt muri 2006. Amaze kwitanga hamwe n’ibikorwa byinshi byo mu nzego z'ibanze, yashinze Amani Afurika gutanga buruse ku bana bo mu muhanda.
Dave Hughes yinjiye muri gahunda nk'umukorerabushake. Bombi bafashe ingamba zo guhuza abagore mu Rwanda amahirwe yo kubona akazi igihe kirekire. Muri 2008, bateguye icyitegererezo cya Akilah Institute.
Ikigo cyafunguwe ku mugaragaro i Kigali, mu Rwanda, muri Mutarama 2010 gifite impamyabumenyi ijyanye no gucunga abashyitsi. Abanyeshuri 50 biyandikishije mu cyiciro cya mbere. Muri 2012, ikigo cyatangije impamyabumenyi yo kwihangira imirimo. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, yatangije impamyabumenyi ya sisitemu .
Inshingano ya Akilah ni gutanga uburezi bujyanye n’isoko butuma abakobwa bakiri bato bagera ku bwigenge mu bukungu no kubona inshingano z’ubuyobozi mu kazi ndetse no muri sosiyete . Inyigisho zateguwe ku bufatanye n’abakoresha baho na guverinoma yu Rwanda. Ibyiciro byamasomo byatoranijwe ukurikije isoko ryakarere.
Ikigo cya Akilah ubu gifite abanyeshuri 1100 n’abanyeshuri 990 barangije. Ikigo gifite igipimo cyo kugumana 93 %, naho 88 % by'abanyeshuri barangije babona akazi mu mezi atandatu barangije.
Muri Mutarama 2014, Akilah yaguye mu Burundi maze afungura ishuri rya mbere ry'abagore mu gihugu. Muri Mata 2015, ikigo cyafunzwe kubera ihungabana rya politiki mu gihugu . Abanyeshuri 44 bo mu Burundi bimuriwe mu kigo cya Kigali cya Akilah.
Akilah iterwa inkunga cyane cyane binyuze mu guhuza imisanzu n'impano. Andi masoko yatanzwe harimo amafaranga yishuri ryabanyeshuri, impano yubwoko , nibikorwa bidasanzwe.
Muri 2012, Akilah yafatanije na Marriott International gutangiza gahunda yo guhugura abashyitsi barangije muri hoteri ya Marriott muri Dubai na Doha . Kuva gahunda yatangira, abize muri Akilah benshi bimukiye mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kugira ngo bitabira iyo gahunda. Marriott yahaye akazi 23 barangije Akilah mu bakozi bayo Hotel ya Kigali Marriott, yafunguwe muri 2016.
Muri 2015, Akilah yashinze u Rwanda itsinda ryambere ry’abagore biga impaka muri kaminuza. Ikipe yatsinze amarushanwa mu gihugu cyose muri uwo mwaka. Mu Kwakira 2015, Akilah yakiriye Shampiyona yambere y’igihugu ihuza amakipe y'abagore .
Muri Mutarama 2015, Elizabeth Dear born Hughe s washinze Akilah yatangije Mind Sky hamwe n’uwashinze Anastasia Uglova mu rwego rw’itsinda rya Akilah, icyegeranyo cy’ibigo by’imibereho byibanda ku burezi, ikoranabuhanga, ndetse n’akazi. Mind Sky ni urubuga rw'impano ku murongo ruhuza abakoresha nabashaka akazi muri Afurika yuburasirazuba.
Henry Kwami Anyidoho

Henry Kwami Anyidoho (born 13 July 1940) is a former Ghanaian military officer.
Henry Kwami Anyidoho was born on 13 July 1940 in Tanyigbe, Ghana. He graduated from the US Marine Staff College in Virginia and the Ghana Military Academy and was commissioned into the Ghanaian army's Signal Corps in 1965. Since then he has served in various capacities in Ghana’s armed forces, including a Commanding Officer of the Ghana Military Academy and Commander of the Northern Command of the Army, as well as numerous UN peacekeeping missions.
During the 1994 Rwandan genocide, a Ghanaian contingent led by General Anyidoho was deployed to serve in UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda) under Canadian General Roméo Dallaire. Anyidoho, who had experience in peacekeeping missions in Lebanon, Cambodia, and Liberia, served as General Dallaire's Deputy Commander in addition to his role as head of the Ghanaian contingent. In Dallaire's book, Shake Hands With the Devil, Anyidoho and his men are frequently singled out for praise for their courage and resourcefulness, and are given credit for sheltering thousands of Tutsis and Hutu moderates, saving them from certain death. When the Belgian government decided to withdraw their peacekeeping contingent, the UN leadership instructed Dallaire to prepare to withdraw UNAMIR. Dallaire sought advice from Anyidoho, who assured him that he and his Ghanaian troops would not leave. Thus assured, Dallaire decided to keep UNAMIR operational.
For twelve years Anyidoho was also the Chairman of the Ghana Telecom Board of Directors. He has also contributed chapters to edited books on international peacekeeping and is the author of the book on his tenure in Rwanda: Guns Over Kigali . He was decorated with the Distinguished Service Order for Gallantry.
Aegis Trust

The Aegis Trust, founded in 2000, is the British NGO which campaigns to prevent genocide worldwide. Based at the United Kingdom's Holocaust Centre, which opened in 1995, the Aegis Trust coordinates the UK Genocide Prevention All-Party Parliamentary Group, funds the Genocide Prevention Group (Canada) and is responsible for the Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre in Rwanda, which commemorates the 1994 genocide and is central to education of a new generation about the dangers of ethnic division.
The Aegis Trust was founded by brothers James and Stephen Smith, as a progression from their establishment of Beth Shalom, the UK Holocaust Memorial Centre, in 1995. The outbreak of the Kosovo crisis in 1999 provided the catalyst for the development of Aegis. Troubled by the repetition of genocidal violence, the Smiths responded by initiating a regional aid appeal in the East Midlands. In 2002, Aegis hosted a joint conference with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Aegis' work follows three strands: education, protection and survivor support.
Created in 2002 by the Aegis Trust, the Aegis Trust Award is made "for altruism, resourcefulness and bravery in preserving the value of human life". The award is intended to honour individuals who, by actions in contrast to the majority, demonstrate a respect for human life that transcends ideology, politics, expediency, personal or career interests and even personal safety, under circumstances in which people's lives are threatened because of their identity as part of a group subject to mass violence. The Award recognises preservation of the value of human life, rather than preservation of life itself. It is about the values and courage behind a set of actions, rather than about the objective success or failure of those actions in achieving the intended outcome. The prize is awarded on the basis of personal merit, even if the recipient was in the employment of an organisation at the time of the actions being recognised. The Award consists of a diploma, the 'Aegis' medallion and a sum of money. The Award is international and may be given to anyone anywhere.
Canadian Lt. Gen. Roméo Dallaire was the recipient of the inaugural Aegis Award, for his efforts as UN Force Commander in Rwanda to prevent or curtail the Rwandan genocide of 1994, despite being ordered by his superiors on three occasions to withdraw. The Award was presented to the General by Rt. Hon. Peter Hain MP, then Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (UK), at Westminster Central Hall in London - symbolic as the venue for the very first General Assembly of the United Nations in 1946.
STAND (formerly known as Students Taking Action Now: Darfur) is a student activist group that merged with the Aegis Trust in April 2015. Founded in 2003 at Georgetown University as the student-led division of United to End Genocide, STAND opposes violence in Burma, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, South Sudan, and Syria.
List of TED speakers

This is a partial list of people who have spoken or otherwise presented at official TED conferences such as TED, TED@, TEDActive, TEDCity, TED-Ed, TED-NY, TEDGlobal, TEDSummit, TEDIndia, TEDSalon, TEDWomen, TEDYouth, TED Fellows Retreat, and TED Talks Education. It also includes speakers at the independent TEDMED conferences. Talks from the independent TEDx conferences are not included since there are thousands of such events (over 11,000 held and over 1,100 upcoming as of January 2021) making them less notable. The TED.com website also hosts videos from conferences not affiliated with TED, but those talks and speakers are not included in this list.
Phu
علی اکبر ناطق

علی اکبر ناطق (پیدائش: 1977ء) ایک پاکستانی ناول نگار، افسانہ نگار اور شاعر ہیں۔ ان کی وجہ شہرت ان کا ناول نولکھی کوٹھی ہے۔ ان کی اب تک شاعری اور افسانوں کی کئی کتابیں چھپ چکی ہیں۔ افسانوں کے مجموعے قائم دین پر یو بی ایل اعزاز عطا ہوا ہے۔
علی اکبر ناطق کا خاندان 1947ء کے فسادات میں فیروز پور سے ہجرت کر کے وسطی پنجاب کے شہر اوکاڑہ کے نواحی گاؤں 32 ٹو ایل میں آباد ہوا۔ یہیں ناطق 1977ء میں پیدا ہوئے اور اسی گاؤں میں موجود ہائی اسکول میں میٹرک تک تعلیم حاصل کی۔ ایف اے کا امتحان گورنمنٹ کالج اوکاڑا سے پاس کیا۔ اُس کے بعد معاشی حالات کی خرابی اور کسمپرسی کی وجہ سے بی اے اور ایم اے کے امتحانات پرائیویٹ طور پر بہاؤ الدین زکریا یونیورسٹی ملتان سے پاس کیے۔ ناطق نے تعلیم کے ساتھ مزدوری کا سلسلہ جاری رکھا اور بطور راج مستری پندرہ سال تک کام کیا۔ اسی دوران میں اُن کا اردو نثر، شاعری، تاریخ اور سماج کا مطالعہ بھی جاری رہا۔ 1998ء میں کچھ عرصے کے لیے روزگار کے سلسلے میں سعودی عرب اور مشرق وسطی بھی رہے۔پاکستان واپسی کے بعد کچھ عرصہ اسوہ کالج آسلام آباد کے ساتھ بطور استاد شعبہ اردو منسلک رہے ،2017 کے وسط میں یونیورسٹی آف لاہور سے بطور پروفیسر منسلک ہوئے۔ کچھ عرصے بعد یونیورسٹی چھوڑ کر اپنے آبائی گاؤں اوکاڑہ منتقل ہوئے۔ 2020 کے ستمبر میں اسلام آباد منتقل ہوئے۔
ابتدا میں ایک افسانہ معمار کے ہاتھ شائع ہوا، جس کا انگریزی ترجمہ کر کے محمد حنیف نے امریکا سے شائع ہونے والے گرانٹا ادبی جریدے میں بھی شائع کرایا۔ افتخار عارف کے دور میں مقتدرہ قومی زبان میں بھی رہے۔ 2009ء میں کراچی سے شائع ہونے والے ادبی جریدے آج میں ان کی ایک پانچ افسانے شائع ہوئے اور دنیا زاد نے دس نظمیں شائع کیں تو اجانک ان کی ادبی حلقوں میں شہرت ہوئی۔ 2010ء میں اُن کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ بے یقین بستیوں میں آج، کراچی سے چھپا اور یو بی ایل ایوارڈ کے لیے نامزد بھی ہوا۔ 2012ء میں اُن کا پہلا افسانوی مجموعہ قائم دین چھپا، جسے اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس نے شائع کیا اور اِسے بھی یو بی ایل ایوارڈ ملا، 2013ء میں ان کا دوسرا شعری مجموعہ یاقوت کے ورق آج، کراچی سے چھپا۔ یہ تمام کتابیں انگلش اور جرمن میں ترجمہ ہو چکی ہیں اور پینگوئن انڈیا شائع کرچکا ہے۔ علی اکبر ناطق کے ناول نولکھی کوٹھی نے ادبی حلقوں میں ہلچل مچائی ہے، پینگوئن انڈیا اسے انگلش میں چھاپ رہا ہے۔
کوہ ورند

یہ پہاڑی سلسلہ پھگلہ تمن قیصرانی کے مشرقی طرف سے شروع ہو کر سرپھراہغ تک پھیلا ہوا ہے ۔۔ یہ کافی بلند اور موسم کے حوالے سے خوش گوار اور معتدل پہاڑی سلسلہ ہے ۔۔ ورند کی مختلف جگہوں کے مختلف نام ہیں جیسے ماڑی، تانگہ، لاکڑا، تَخت، سورَکھ وغیرہ ۔۔ یہ تمام چوٹیاں موسمی حوالے سے تقریباً یکساں حیثیت رکھتے ہیں ۔۔ سطح سمندر کے حوالے سے اس کی سب سے بلند چوٹی اور علاقے کا نام سورَکھ ہے جو سرپھراہغ سے جنوبی طرف اور لَری سے مشرقی طرف واقع ہے ۔۔ سورَکھ سَر کی بلندی پر چند سال پہلے اور 2018ء میں بھی برف باری ہوٸ تھی،
بروس مینسن (کرکٹر)

بروس ایڈورڈ الیگزینڈر مینسن (پیدائش:7 دسمبر 1878ء)|(انتقال:4 نومبر 1914ء) ایک انگریز اول درجہ کرکٹ کھلاڑی اور برطانوی ہندوستانی فوج کے افسر تھے۔مانسن برطانوی ہندوستان میں دسمبر 1878ء میں امپیریل فاریسٹ سروس کے ایف بی مینسن اور ان کی اہلیہ ایملی کے ہاں پیدا ہوئے۔ انھوں نے جولائی 1898ء میں برٹش انڈین آرمی میں غیر منسلک سیکنڈ لیفٹیننٹ کے طور پر شمولیت اختیار کی، اس نے رائل ملٹری کالج، سینڈہرسٹ سے گریجویشن کیا۔ اگلے سال ان کی تقرری انڈین اسٹاف کور میں ہوئی۔ اس نے 1900ء میں باکسر بغاوت کے دوران چین میں ایکشن دیکھا جس کے لیے اسے امریکا نے ملٹری آرڈر آف ڈریگن سے نوازا تھا۔ اکتوبر 1900ء میں انھیں ترقی دے کر لیفٹیننٹ بنا دیا گیا۔ برطانوی بھارت میں خدمات انجام دینے کے دوران، اس نے 1903ء میں ایک فرسٹ کلاس کرکٹ میچ میں یورپی کرکٹ ٹیم کے لیے پونا میں پارسیوں کے خلاف بمبئی پریذیڈنسی میچ میں کھیلا۔ میچ میں 2 بار بیٹنگ کرتے ہوئے، وہ یورپ کی پہلی اننگز میں مانیکشا بلسارا کے ہاتھوں ایک رن پر آؤٹ ہوئے جبکہ دوسری اننگز میں انھیں اسی گیند باز نے 7 رنز پر آؤٹ کیا۔ باؤلر کے طور پر انھوں نے پارسیوں کی پہلی اننگز میں 3 وکٹیں حاصل کیں۔ 1907ء تک مانسن 61 ویں پاینیئرز کے ساتھ خدمات انجام دے رہا تھا اور اسی سال جولائی میں اسے کپتان بنا دیا گیا۔ جارج پنجم نے 1911ء میں بھارت کا دورہ کیا، مینسن نے دہلی دربار کے دوران اپنا معاون ڈی کیمپ مقرر کیا۔ بعد میں اس نے پہلی جنگ عظیم میں خدمات انجام دیں اور وہ ہندوستانی مہم جوئی کا حصہ تھا جسے جرمن مشرقی افریقہ پر قبضہ کرنے کا کام سونپا گیا تھا۔
3 نومبر 1914ء کی شام کو تانگہ کے قریب ساحل پر لینڈنگ، اگلے دن ایکسپیڈیشنری فورس نے شہر پر مناسب مارچ کیا تاہم پیش قدمی تیزی سے تباہی میں بدل گئی، ایکسپیڈیشنری فورس بھاری جانی نقصان کے بعد پیچھے ہٹنے پر مجبور ہو گئی۔ ان میں مانسن بھی تھا جو 4 نومبر 1914ء کو لڑائی کے دوران کارروائی میں مارا گیا تھا۔ اس کی عمر 35 سال تھی۔
سعدانی نیشنل پارک

سعدانی نیشنل پارک تنزانیہ کا تیرھواں قومی پارک ہے اور اس کا رقبہ 1062 مربع کلومیٹر (410 مربع میل) ہے۔ اسے سرکاری طور پر سنہ 2005ء میں نامزد کیا گیا تھا اور اس کا انتظام تنزانیہ نیشنل پارکس اتھارٹی TNPA کے تحت کیا جاتا ہے۔ یہ پارک انتظامی طور پر تانگہ ریجن کے جنوب مشرقی ضلع پنگانی اور پوانی ریجن کے شمال مشرقی چالینزے ضلع میں واقع ہے۔
Fiacre (carriage)

A fiacre is a form of hackney coach, a horse-drawn four-wheeled carriage for hire. In Vienna such cabs are called Fiaker.
The earliest use of the word in English is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as from 1699 ("Fiacres or Hackneys, hung with Double Springs"). The name is derived indirectly from Saint Fiacre; the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre in Paris rented carriages from about the middle of the seventeenth century. Saint Fiacre was adopted as the cab drivers' patron saint because of the association of his name with the carriage.
In 1645, Nicholas Sauvage, a coachbuilder from Amiens, decided to set up a business in Paris hiring out horses and carriages by the hour. He established himself in the Hôtel de Saint Fiacre and hired out his four-seater carriages at a rate of 10 sous an hour. Within twenty years, Sauvage's idea had developed into the first citywide public transport system: les carosses à 5 sous ("5-sou carriages"). These 8-seater carriages, forerunners of the modern bus, were put into service on five "lines" between May and July 1662, but had disappeared from the streets of Paris by 1679, almost certainly because of the spiralling cost of fares.
Although the public transport system had suffered a temporary demise, private hirers were quick to fill the gaps with carriages including the "vinaigrette", a two-wheeled chair powered and guided by two people; the cabriolet, a dangerous two-wheeled buggy pulled by a single horse; and the more traditional four-wheeled fiacres. By the time of the Revolution there were more than 800 fiacres operating in Paris.
In 1855, Napoléon III instigated a monopoly control of the fiacres of Paris via the Compagnie Impériale des Voitures à Paris (CIV), which by 1860 operated 3,830 fiacres and owned 8,000 horses; in this year the CIV carried over 10 million passengers. Fiacre drivers earned about three francs a day, plus two francs in tips. In 1866 the CIV lost its monopoly status and became a Société Anonyme. It began to use motorized vehicles in 1898 but was still operating 3500 horse-drawn vehicles in 1911.
In the 1890s the Parisian music-hall singer Yvette Guilbert introduced a popular song, Le fiacre, in which an aged husband sees his wife in a fiacre with her lover.
In Vienna such cabs are called Fiaker. They featured in popular music, such as Gustav Pick's song, the "Fiakerlied". Fiaker and their drivers also featured in operas of Johann Strauss II and in Richard Strauss's opera Arabella (where the second act takes place at the fiaker-drivers' ball).
Fiacres still survive in Vienna and other European travel centres as tourist attractions.