davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Faro Molo de Abrigo de Iquique

El Faro Molo de Abrigo Iquique es un faro perteneciente a la red de faros de Chile. Su estructura está conformada por una torre de concreto de forma troncocónica de color rojo y posee una luz del mismo color que indica la banda de estribor (derecha) de la entrada a la dársena del puerto. Fue construido en el extremo del molo de abrigo, como complemento del faro situado en la península Serrano. Su tradicional torre termina en un balcón con balaustrada.​ Faro no habitado.
Faros de Chile:ISBN:956-7136-24-6
Deucalión (hijo de Minos)

En la mitología griega, Deucalión (en griego: Δευκᾶλίων, -ωνος; latín: Deucalǐon, -ōnis) era uno de los hijos de Minos y rey de Creta. Fue padre y abuelo, respectivamente, de los dos caudillos cretenses durante la guerra de Troya, esto es, Idomeneo y Meríones.​ Los hay quienes dicen en cambio que ambos caudillos eran hermanos.​
De entre las fuentes más antiguas, en la Ilíada ya se nos hace referencia a su abolengo: «Zeus primero engendró a Minos, bastión para Creta; Minos, a su vez, tuvo un hijo, el intachable Deucalión, y Deucalión me engendró a mí (Idomeneo), soberano de muchos hombres en la ancha Creta».​ En los textos hesiódicos también se habla de Deucalión en términos similares: «desde Creta la pretendía (a Helena) la gran fuerza de Idomeneo, hijo de Deucalión, de la estirpe del insigne Minos».​
Fuentes posteriores ya definieron bien su filiación, haciéndolo hijo de Minos y Pasífae, su esposa tradicional, o bien la madre de Deucalión es Creta, hija de Asterio.​ El mismo autor dice que Deucalión tuvo, además de a Idomeneo, una hija llamada también Creta, y además de a sus hijos legítimos también tuvo un hijo bastardo: Molo.​ Tzetzes es el único autor que nos habla acerca de la esposa de Deucalión, a la que llama Cleopatra, personaje por otra parte desconocido.​​
Las únicas participaciones de Deucalión en los mitos que se conocen apuntan al ciclo mitológico que unía Creta con Atenas. Unos dicen que Deucalión, siendo el rey de Creta, decidió formar una alianza con los atenienses a través del matrimonio de su hermana Fedra con el héroe ático por excelencia, Teseo.​ Biblioteca histórica IV, 62, 1.</ref> Como es fama este matrimonio no tuvo un final feliz. También se dice que el propio Deucalión, que era hostil a los atenienses, fue muerto a manos de Teseo, quien consiguió liberar a Dédalo en el proceso y lo condujo de nuevo a Atenas. Teseo mató a Deucalión en la puertas del propio laberinto de Creta.​
Higino añade confusamente que Deucalión fue además uno de los argonautas​ e incluso que antes participó en la cacería de Calidón, siendo el único autor en expresar esta opinión.​
Pancit

El Pancit palabok es un plato típico de la cocina filipina, aunque se piensa que es de origen chino.
El plato, muy popular en Filipinas, es muy similar al yakisoba y al yaki udon (ambos fideos fritos - stir-fried japoneses). La palabra pancit deriva del idioma chino Min Nan, donde la palabra pian i sit significa literalmente algo que ha sido cocinado rápidamente.
Molo (Kenia)

Molo es una localidad de Kenia, con estatus de villa, perteneciente al condado de Nakuru.
Tiene 107 806 habitantes según el censo de 2009, la mayoría de los cuales viven en las áreas rurales que rodean al núcleo principal.​
En 2009 se produjo aquí el incendio de Molo, un grave accidente provocado por el derramamiento de la carga de combustible de un camión. Murieron más de cien personas.​​​
Los 107 806 habitantes de la villa se reparten así en el censo de 2009:​
Se sitúa sobre la carretera secundaria C56, una carretera paralela a la A104. La C56 une la C57 en las proximidades del lago Nakuru con la B1 al este del condado de Kericho.​
Mólo

El Nákupné centrum Mólo o MÓLO (literalmente Centro Comercial Embarcadero, desde 2019 el Nákupné centrum Molo o MOLO también) es un centro comercial y de entretenimiento en Pezinok, Eslovaquia, situada en la Calle Myslenická 2/C, en la localidad Sahara. Se abrió al público el 24 de septiembre de 2005.​
El 13 de abril de 2023 a las 11 en punto, el restaurante McDonald's estaba abierto aquí.​
Se encuentra junto al segundo sídlisko más grande de Pezinok, Sur, y se encuentra a 1,5 km del centro histórico. El centro comercial Mólo está situado en la zona empresarial y productiva llamada Sahara Shopping Park, junto a la ruta de la segunda clase 502.​
El centro comercial está ubicado entre dos paradas de autobús, al lado del centro comercial hay un hipermercado Tesco con tiendas, y alrededor del centro comercial hay cuatro estaciones de servicio, un departamento Kaufland tienda y una tienda de descuento Lidl.
El área de locales comerciales es de 6300 m², 49 tienedas ofrecen sus servicios. 200 plazas de aparcamiento a disposición de los clientes.
Ludovica Molo

Ludovica Molo Könz​ (n. 1968)​ es una arquitecta y profesora universitaria suiza.​
Graduada en Arquitectura en el Escuela Politécnica Federal de Zúrich, fue tutora en la Escuela Politécnica Federal de Lausana y en la Academia de Arquitectura de Mendrisio de la Universidad de la Suiza Italiana, así como directora de programa al 'SCI-Arc Vico Morcote'. Desde 1998 hasta 2009 fue copropietaria de la asociación 'Konz-Molo' en Lugano. El alojamiento para los estudiantes de la 'Accademia di Architettura' de Mendrisio se encuentra entre sus proyectos más reconocidos.​
Ludovica Molo es directora del «I2a Instituto Internacional de arquitectura», que se centra en la investigación en el campo de la arquitectura y el diseño urbano desde 1983. Es socia del estudio «We architects» en Lugano, que fundó en 2010 con Felix Wettstein. Ambos conjuntamente están al frente de la asignatura Arquitectura y Estructura en el máster de Artes en Arquitectura en la Universidad de Artes y Ciencias Aplicadas de Lucerna. Desde 2009, Molo es también miembro del 'Stadtbildkomission' de la ciudad de Berna.​
Ha editado The other modern movement, de Kenneth Frampton, fue obra invitada a la Cuarta Semana de la Arquitectura Internacional de Belgrado en 2009 y es miembro del comité de expertos del Premio Europeo del Espacio Público Urbano desde la edición 2016.​
Idioma molo

El molo (malkan) es una lengua nilosahariana moribunda hablada por unos pocos molo de Sudán. Se estima que 100 personas hablan el idioma. Está considerada "en peligro crítico" según el Atlas de las Lenguas en Peligro de la UNESCO, con un centenar de hablantes, según datos de 1988. La mayoría de las personas que hablan molo también hablan árabe hablado sudanés o la lengua berta.
Richters Herbs

Richters Herbs is a Canadian nursery and seed company based in Goodwood, Ontario. Richters is one of the top suppliers of herbs in Canada.
Richters was founded as a flower and garden center in 1967 by Waltraut and Otto Richter. Waltraut and Otto moved from Austria to Canada in the 1950s. After they began growing their own herbs, a 1969 feature article in the Toronto Star brought them wide attention. They sent out their first catalogue in 1970. In early years, they did business as Otto Richter and Sons.
Otto is a trained horticulturist. Waltraut ran the business, assisted by their son, Conrad, who has a master's degree in botany
Originally located in Locust Hill, Ontario, Waltraut and Otto moved the herb operation to Goodwood in 1975 after their farm was expropriated for the planned development of Seaton. The financial impact forced them to reduce their 29,000 square feet (2,700 m) of greenhouses to 6,000 square feet (560 m), devastating their bedding plant business.
The company pivoted to focus on herbs in the mid-1980s and began adding commercial growers to their client list.
Richters offers seeds for both culinary and medicinal herbs. All plants sold by Richters are grown in its greenhouses or on its site. By 1989, Richters had increased their greenhouse space to more than 20,000 square metres (220,000 sq ft).
The headquarters is located east of Toronto. It has distributors in Australia, Germany, and Israel.
The company has certifications to allow it to export seeds and plants to the United States, and approximately 25 percent of the company's sales are to American customers. Richters will attempt to ship anywhere in the world.
The catalogue provides educational content about the uses of herbs. To expand the varieties of herbs the company can offer, Conrad established seed collection agencies in Nepal, Ghana, China, and Ecuador in the 1980s. They also have a Chinese herbal researcher on staff. By 2000, Richters carried 800 varieties of herbs.
As of 2019, Conrad is president of the company. He travels globally to locate herbs that can be grown successfully in Canada. Conrad has supported regulation of herb growers, pointing to Australia for an example of "workable rules for regulating medicinal herbs".
Alfa Molo

Alfa Yaya Molo Balde was the founder of Fuladu, a kingdom in the Casamance region of modern-day Senegal.
Molo Egue was born in Souloubali as a slave of a noble Fula named Samba Egue. The Toucouleur marabout El-Hajj Omar Tall supposedly visited him in 1847, inspiring him to launch a Fula rebellion against the Mandinka rulers of Kaabu that had dominated the region between the Gambia river and what is now Guinea-Bissau for centuries. He attacked a nearby Mandinka village with a few followers, but was repulsed. Over time, however, his band of raiders found increasing success, which attracted recruits and allowed Alfa Molo to build a tata in the village of Ndorna. Faced with a Kaabunke counterattack, he called for help from the Imamate of Futa Jallon.
Alfa Molo's alliance with Futa Jallon plunged Kaabu into an existential war, culminating in the 1867 Battle of Kansala. With his victory, he established the independent kingdom of Fuladu.
In 1873 a conflict broke out with the marabout Fode Kaba. In 1878, allied with the British in The Gambia, Alfa Molo forced him westwards towards Fogny. In 1880, Alfa Molo's former master Samba Egue rebelled, refusing to be ruled by someone of the slave class, but was defeated and killed.
Alfa Molo died in 1883 of venereal disease and was succeeded by his son Musa Molo.
천문학자

천문학자(天文學者)는 행성, 항성, 은하 등 천체 및 여러 천문현상들을 연구하는 과학자이다. 각종 관측 장비를 이용하여 관측된 데이터를 분석하고 통계를 내는 작업을 한다.
역사적으로, 천문학은 우주에서 일어나는 현상을 분류하거나 서술하는 일을 주로 해온 반면, 천체물리학(astrophysics)은 물리법칙을 이용해 이러한 현상들을 설명하고 이해하는 일에 중점을 두었었다. 그렇지만 오늘날에 와서는 천문학자(astronomer)와 천체물리학자(astrophysicist) 사이의 이러한 구분은 무의미해졌다.
전문적인 천문학자들 은 보통 물리학천문학 석사 또는 박사 학위를 받은 후, 국립·사립 연구소나 대학에 고용되어서 일을 하는 사람이다. 천문학자들은 강의, 기기 제작, 천문대 운영 등의 다른 일도 수행 하지만, 주로 연구를 하는데 시간의 대부분을 보낸다. 이러한 전문적인 천문학자들의 수는 상당히 적다. 예를 들면, 북아메리카의 전문적 천문학자들의 조직 중 가장 큰 미국 천문학회의 회원 수는 대략 7000명이다. 이 7000명에는 물리학, 지질학, 공학 등 천문학 연관 분야의 과학자들도 포함되어 있으므로, 실제 천문학자의 수는 이 보다 약간 더 적다. 전 세계적인 조직인 국제천문연맹은 90개국에서 천문학 연구를 수행하는 박사 과정, 혹은 그 이상 수준의 학자10124명으로 구성되어 있다.. 한국천문학회의 회원수는 약 600여명이다.
반면 취미로 천문학을 연구하고 천체들을 관측하는 아마추어 천문학자들의 수는 상당히 많다. 대부분의 큰 도시에는 아마추어 천문학회가 있으며, 정기적 모임과 공개관측행사를 여는 등의 활발한 활동을 한다. 다른 여타 취미처럼, 대부분의 아마추어 천문학자들은 별을 쫓아, 가장 최근의 연구 결과를 공부하는데 시간을 투자한다. 태평양 천문학회는 세계 최대 규모의 일반적 천문학 조직으로, 70개국 출신의 전문가와 아마추어 천문학자 양쪽 모두로 구성되어 있다
가장 흔한 천문학자의 이미지는, 산 꼭대기의 어두운 천문대에서 밤하늘을 관측하기 위해 망원경을 들여다 보고 있는 모습이다. 그러나 요즘에는 천문학자들이 아주 큰 망원경에서 직접 접안렌즈를 이용해 관측하는 일은 거의 없다. 대신 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 아주 어두운 천체들의 사진을 찍거나 그 스펙트럼들을 기록한다. 또한 현대 천문학자들은 아주 많은 시간을 천문대에서 보내지 않는다. 천문학자들은 1년에 1-2주 정도를 직접 관측을 수행하는데 쓰고, 나머지 대부분의 시간은 이렇게 얻은 것을 사용하여 연구를 하기도 한다. 이러한 관측 천문학자도 있는 반면에 자료를 얻지 않고 순수하게 이론이나 수치 실험만을 이용하여, 관측된 현상을 해석하거나 예측하는 천문학자도 있다.
선암사

선암사(仙巖寺)는 전라남도 순천시의 조계산에 위치한 사찰이다. 한국불교 태고종의 총본산이다. 2018년, '산사, 한국의 산지승원'이라는 명칭으로 유네스코 세계문화유산에 등재되었다.
백제 성왕 7년인 529년에 고구려 승려 아도화상이 절을 짓고 해천사(海川寺)라고 부른 것이 선암사의 기원이라고 전해진다.
남북국 시대 통일신라 경문왕 1년(861년)에 도선이 선암사를 창건하고 1철불 2보탑 3부도를 세웠다.
고려 시대에 의천이 절을 크게 중창하고 천태종의 본거지로 번창했으나, 조선 선조 때 정유재란으로 큰 피해를 입어 절이 거의 소실되었다. 복구도 늦어져 1660년에야 중창되었다.
한국전쟁 이전에는 전각 9동을 비롯한 총 65동의 건물이 있었으나, 전쟁 중에 불에 타서 소실됐다. 현재는 대웅전, 원통전, 팔상전, 불조전(佛祖殿), 강선루(降仙樓) 등 크고 작은 20여 동의 건물이 남아있다.
태고보우 조사의 가풍을 이어받아 현재는 한국불교태고종 소속의 사찰이다.
선조사의 법맥상속으로 지금까지 잘 보존하여 2018년 6월 세계문화유산(산사, 한국의 산지승원)으로 등재됐다.
순천시의 대표적인 관광지로 봄에는 매화가 가을에는 단풍이 들며, 겨울에는 동백꽃이 피어 사시사철 관광객이 많다.
대한민국의 보물 4점과 전라남도도 지정 유형 문화재 5점, 불교회화, 조각, 공예품 등 약 1천 8백여점의 문화재를 보유한 성보박물관이 2001년에 개관되었다. 보물 제395호로 지정된 선암사 3층석탑과, 보물 400호로 지정된 절 입구의 무지개다리 승선교(昇仙橋)와 강선루(降仙樓), 불교 사상을 구현한 독특한 양식의 연못인 삼인당(三印塘)도 유명하다. 그 외 선암사 금동향로(전라남도 유형문화재 제20호) 등이 있다.
순천 선암사 동·서 삼층석탑(順天 仙巖寺 東·西 三層石塔)은 절 안의 승선교를 지나 마당에 들어서면 대웅전 앞에 좌우로 서 있는 2기의 삼층석탑으로 보물 제395호이다. 2단으로 이루어진 기단(基壇) 위에 3층의 탑신(塔身)을 올린 형태이다. 규모와 수법이 서로 같아서 같은 사람의 솜씨로 동시에 세워진 것임을 알 수 있다.
선암사 승선교(仙岩寺 昇仙橋)는 보물 제400호로, 길이 14m, 높이 4.7m, 폭 4m로 숙종 39년(1713) 호암화상이 6년 만에 완공한 다리이다. 기저부에 별다른 가설이 없고 홍예(虹預) 전체의 문양은 반원형을 이루고 한 개의 아치로 이루어졌다. 다리 중심석 아래에 석재가 조그맣게 돌출되어 있다. 고통의 세계에서 부처의 세계로 건너는 중생들을 보호 수용하겠다는 의지가 담겨 있다.
선암사(仙岩寺)에서 대각암(大覺庵)으로 올라가는 중간의 바위면에 새긴 불상으로, 약 7m 높이의 바위면에 옴폭 들어가게 새겼다.
머리에는 작은 소라 모양의 머리칼을 붙여 놓았으며, 그 위에는 상투 모양의 머리묶음이 솟아 있다. 눈·코·입이 균형 잡힌 얼굴은 원만하며 얼굴에 비해 귀가 크게 새겨져 《법주사 마애여래의상》(보물 제216호)의 귀와 비슷하다.
안동 도산서원

안동 도산서원(陶山書院)은 퇴계 이황의 학덕을 기리기 위해 건립된 서원이다. 1969년 5월 28일 사적 제170호에 지정되고, 2019년 7월 10일 유네스코 세계문화유산에 등재되었다.
옛 1000원 그림에 도산서원이 그려져 있다
안동 도산서원은 퇴계 이황 선생의 학덕을 기리기 위해 경상북도 안동시 도산면 토계리에 이황이 사망한 지 4년 후인 1574년에 설립되었다. 영남학파와 한국 유학을 대표하는 이황을 모신만큼 영남학파의 선구자인 이언적을 모신 경주 옥산서원과 함께 한국의 양대 서원으로 꼽힌다.
퇴계 이황은 1501년(연산군 7년) 11월 25일 경상북도 안동시 도산면 온혜리(현 노송정 종택 태실)에서 태어났기에 이곳이 생가이면서 태실이 모셔져 있다. 참고로 퇴계 이황의 학문과 덕행을 기리고 추모하기 위해 1574년(선조 7년)에 시작하여 1576년 완공하였다. 1570년 퇴계 이황이 작고하자, 1572년에 위패를 상덕사에 모시기 위해 공사가 시작되었다. 1575년에 선조가 명필 한석봉으로 하여금 쓰게한 편액을 하사함으로써 영남 유림의 본산이 되었다. 1615년(광해군 7) 사림이 조목(趙穆)을 종향(從享)했다.
1969년 사적 제170호로 지정되었고, 1970년부터 대통령령으로 보수되어, 1977년 관리사무소가 설치되고 오늘날에 이르렀다. 1975년부터 2007년까지 대한민국에서 발행된 1000원 지폐 뒷면의 디자인 소재로도 사용되었다.
문화재청은 2018년 1월 이곳 안동 도산서원을 비롯한 한국의 대표서원 9곳을 「한국의 서원」으로 지정하여 유네스코 세계유산에 등재 신청하여, 2019년 7월 10일 유네스코 세계문화유산으로 등재되었다.
1553년 이황은 스스로 사직상소를 올리고 낙향을 하였고 관직 임명을 사양하였다. 정조는 규장각 이만수를 도산서원에 보내 이곳에 있는 소나무 숲에서 영남인재를 선발케 하고, 이를 기려 1796년 이곳에 단을 마련하고 비를 세웠다. 1974년 안동댐 건설로 숲이 사라졌으나 2009년 도산서원과 시사단을 잊는 다리가 가설되었다.
도산서원은 교육기관으로 학문을 연마하는 기관이었지만, 영남 안동과 주변지역 사림들의 모임 장소이기도 했다. 1884년 서얼들이 도산서원 출입을 허락해달라고 요청했지만 서원에서는 끝까지 허락할 수 없다고 거절했고, 서얼들과 서원 유사(有司) 사이에 충돌이 발생했다.
조정에서는 서자들의 서원 출입 허락 상소가 계속되자 1884년(고종 21년) 조정에서는 서얼들도 서원 출입을 허용하라는 공문인 관문(關文)을 각 관아와 서원에 하달하였다. 1884년 11월 조정에서 하달한 관문에서 "서원에 서류들의 출입을 허용하라"고 하였다. 그러자 경주 옥산서원은 곧 서얼의 서원 출입을 허락하였다. 하지만 도산서원은 서자출입을 허용하는 것은 옥산서원의 사정이지 도산서원은 적용할 수 없다며 거절했다.
분개한 서얼들이 단체로 도산서원을 찾아와 드디어 물리적 폭력을 행사했다. 서얼들은 "하늘에는 두 개의 태양이 없고 백성에게는 두 임금이 없는데 어찌 예안의 하늘이 경주의 하늘과 다르단 말인가"라고 했다. 서얼들에게 서원의 수노(首奴)들은 몰매를 맞고 "피가 흘러 땅에 가득했고", 유사 등 임원은 서얼들에게 잡혀 "옷이 찢어지고 머리카락이 떨어지며 강물에 패댕이쳐지기도" 하는 등 갖은 수모를 입었다. 이를 두고 서원 측에서는 "서원이 창건된 이래 다시없는 극변"이라 했다. 사태가 진정된 후 도산서원에서는 이 사실을 기록해 놓았으며, 이를 《도산서원서류사변일기 陶山書院庶類事變日記》라 부른다.
서자들이 출입을 요구하면서 폭력을 행사하자, 결국 관망하던 군청이 개입했다. 1885년 2월 10일 최대의 폭력 사건이 발생하여 "임원 모두 수모를 당했고, 심지어 종손에게 욕하고 종택을 파괴하려 한다"며 관아에서 조사를 시작했다.
관아가 개입하자 서얼들 무리 사이에에 분열이 일어나 일부는 도망치고, 일부는 남아 있다가 붙잡혀 구금되고 일부는 자기 집안에 끌려가 문벌(門罰)을 받았다. 문벌을 받은 서얼들은 관아의 판결에 불복하고, 이후 안동권 곳곳의 다른 서얼들과 연합하여 대립했다. 결국 서자들과 도산서원의 갈등, 대립은 4년 1개월간 계속되었고, 결국 1888년 12월 서자들의 출입 요구가 관철되었다.
관측소

관측소(觀測所,observatory)는 여러 자연 현상을 관측하고 연구하는 곳이다. 주로 천문학 (천문대), 기상학 (기상대), 해양학 (해양관측소), 화산학 (화산관측소), 지진학 (지진관측소) 등이 해당된다.
천문대(天文臺)는 천체를 관측, 연구하는 곳이다. 천문대는 주요 목적에 따라 위치천문학(位置天文學)을 위주로 하는 천문대와 천체물리학을 위주로 하는 천문대로 크게 나눌 수 있다.
기상관측소(氣象觀測所)는 일기 예보에 필요한 기온, 강수량, 풍향, 풍속, 기압, 습도 등의 기상 요소들을 관측하는 곳이다.
바다의 수온이나 조위, 파고, 기온, 기압, 풍향, 풍속 등을 관측하기 위한 시설로 우리나라에는 교본초 해양관측소, 복사초 해양관측소, 쌍정초 해양관측소, 왕돌초 해양관측소 등이 있다.
https://search.naver.com/search.naver?sm=tab_hty.top&where=nexearch&query=%EB%B0%B1%EB%91%90%EC%82%B0+%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0+%EA%B4%80%EC%B8%A1%EC%86%8C&oquery=%EB%B0%B1%EB%91%90%EC%82%B0+%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0+%ED%8F%AD%EB%B0%9C+%EC%8B%9C%EB%AE%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98&tqi=T91sPlpVuERssZJLeelssssssBw-432581
화산관측소는 화산에 대한 활동과 화산학에 대해 관측하고 연구한다. 하와이 화산관측소, 베수비오 관측소가 가장 잘 알려져 있다.
섭씨

섭씨 온도(攝氏溫度, 영어: Celsius, centigrade scale)는 1 atm에서의 물의 어는점을 0도, 끓는점을 100도로 정한 온도 체계이며, 기호는 °C이다. 1742년 스웨덴의 천문학자 안데르스 셀시우스가 처음으로 제안하였으며, 영어 등에서는 제안자의 이름을 따 ‘셀시어스’로 부르고 있다. 셀시우스는 물의 어는점을 100도, 끓는점을 0도로 제안하였으나 사용이 불편하여 후에 끓는 점과 어는 점의 기준을 바꾸었다. 하지만 온도 단위는 여전히 같은 100등분 이므로 섭씨 온도라고 부른다. 현재는 위와 같이 정의하지 않고 볼츠만 상수 k B {\displaystyle k_{B}} 를 J ⋅ K − 1 {\displaystyle \mathrm {J} \cdot \mathrm {K} ^{-1}} 로 표기할 때, 그 값이 1.380649 × 10 − 23 {\displaystyle 1.380649\times 10^{-23}} 가 되게 K {\displaystyle \mathrm {K} } 를 정의하고, 거기에 273.15 {\displaystyle 273.15} 를 뺀 값으로 정의한다. ‘섭씨(攝氏)’라는 이름은 셀시우스의 중국 음역어 ‘섭이수사’(중국어: 攝爾修斯, 병음: Shè'ĕrxiūsī 서얼슈쓰)에서 유래한다.
유니코드는 섭씨 기호의 대응 기호로 U+2103 ℃ degree celsius를 제공한다. 그러나 이는 레거시 인코딩과의 호환을 위한 유니코드 호환 문자이다. 중국어 등 수직으로 쓰인 동아시아 문자에서 용이한 올바른 렌더링을 가능케 한다. 유니코드 표준은 명시적으로 이 문자의 사용을 자제할 것을 언급한다: 일반적인 경우에는 U+2103 ℃ degree celsius를 한 번에 사용하는 대신 U+00B0 ° degree sign + U+0043 C latin capital letter c의 조합 °C를 사용할 것을 권고하고 있다. 검색 시에는 이 두 조합은 동일한 것으로 취급한다.
위키낱말사전에 섭씨 관련 글이 있습니다.
천문학자 (페르메이르)

천문학자(네덜란드어: De Astronoom, 영어: The Astronomer)는 네덜란드 황금시대 화가 요하네스 페르메이르가 1668년경에 완성한 그림이다. 크기는 51 x 41cm에 달하며 캔버스에 유채로 그려졌다. 현재 프랑스 루브르 박물관에 소장되어 있다.
17세기 네덜란드 회화에서 과학자는 인기있는 소재 가운데 하나였다. 요하네스 페르메이르 역시 천문학자를 그린 본 작품과 이후에 그린 《지리학자》라는 그림을 남겼다. 두 그림의 모델은 모두 동일인으로 추정되며, 미생물학자였던 안토니 판 레이우엔훅을 모델로 했다는 추측이 정설이다. 2017년 연구에서는 두 작품의 캔버스가 동일한 재료로 제작된 것으로 드러나 두 작품의 연관성이 더욱 긴밀하다는 사실이 확인되었다.
그림 속 구도는 한 천문학자가 지구본을 바라보는 모습이다. 직업이 천문학자라는 사실은 요도쿠스 혼디우스의 천구와 탁자 위에 놓여진 아드리안 메티우스의 《천문지리의 원리》 (Institutiones Astronomicae Geographicae, 1621년)로 알 수 있다. 또 이 부분에서 상징적인 의미를 내포하고 있기도 한데, 《천문지리의 원리》 중에서도 천문학자에게 '신으로부터의 영감'을 구하라는 내용이 담긴 제3권이 펼쳐져 있으며, 벽에는 모세의 발견을 소재로 삼은 그림이 걸려 있는데, 여기서 모세는 애굽의 온 지혜를 배웠다는 점에서 지식과 과학을 뜻하기도 한다.
《천문학자》의 출품 이래 행방에 관한 최초의 기록은 1713년 4월 27일 로테르담에서 진행된 신원불명의 수집가의 경매에서 《지리학자》와 함께 판매되었다는 기록이다. 당시 그림을 구입한 사람은 헨드릭 소르흐 (Hendrik Sorgh)로 추정되는데, 1720년 3월 28일 암스테르담에서 열린 소르흐의 재산 경매에서 《천문학자》와 《지리학자》가 모두 매물로 나왔기 때문이다. 당시 기록에서는 두 그림에 대해 "점성술사: 델프트의 페르메이르가 그린 최상품" (Een Astrologist: door Vermeer van Delft, extra puyk), "동일인이 그린 비슷한 작품, 역시 마찬가지" (Een weerga, van ditto, niet minder)라고 소개하였다.
이후 1881년~1888년경 프랑스 파리의 미술상이었던 레옹 고셰즈 (Léon Gauchez)가 은행가이자 미술품 수집가였던 알폰스 제임스 드 로스차일드에게 판매하였으며, 알폰스 사후에는 아들인 에두아르 알폰스 제임스 드 로스차일드에게 상속됐다. 1940년 독일의 프랑스 침공 이후 나치의 문화유산 전담 특수부대였던 로젠베르크 국가지휘자 특수부대 (Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg für die Besetzten Gebiete)가 파리의 로스차일드 소유 호텔에서 그림을 압수하였으며, 뒷면에는 검은색 잉크로 작은 만자가 찍혔다. 전쟁 이후 로스차일드 가문에 반환되었고, 1983년 상속세 납부를 대신한 물납제로 프랑스 정부에 인수되었으며, 1983년부터 파리 루브르 박물관에서 전시되고 있다.
틀:요하네스 페르메이르
Baby Tower

A baby tower, also known as an abandoned infant tower or baby girl tower, is an architectural structure found in various places in ancient China. They would typically take the form of a small stone or brick tower with an opening on the top. Dead, disabled, female, and unwanted infants could be thrown inside and abandoned. The baby tower is described as a donation from wealthy people in the countryside, as a more humane alternative to drowning babies in a river, common at the time. The pagoda architectural style is intended to suppress the spirit of the children, to prevent them from being reincarnated.
Gender selection of children in China has been an issue for a long time due to the undesirability of female children in the Chinese patriarchal society, and the perception of male children as being more valuable for work, especially among peasants.
WIlliam Somerest Maugham, in his colleciton of essays On a Chinese Screen in Chapter 42 recorded his feeling when first catching sight of a baby-tower:
...A trodden path led to a little tower and I followed it. It was a stumpy little tower, ten feet high perhaps, made of rough-hewn blocks of stone; it was cone-shaped and the roof was like a Pierrot’s hat. It stood on a hillock, quaint and rather picturesque against the blue sky, amid the graves. At its foot were a number of rough baskets thrown about in disorder. I walked round and on one side saw an oblong hole, eighteen inches by eight, perhaps, form which a stout string. From the hole there came a very strange, a nauseating odour. Suddenly I understood what the queer little building was. It was a baby tower.
Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido

Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido (Korean: 천상열차분야지도; Hanja: 天象列次分野之圖; Korean pronunciation: [t͡ɕʰʌnsɐŋ jʌɭt͡ɕʰɐ puȵɐd͡ʑido]) is a fourteenth-century Korean star map, copies of which were spread nationwide in the Joseon Dynasty. The name is sometimes translated as the "chart of the constellations and the regions they govern."
Since Korea has been using astronomical maps made in China, problems have arisen because they do not match Korea's latitude and longitude. So, King Taejo ordered royal astronomers to carve the constellations which are suitable for Korea's latitude and longitude on a flat black stone in December, 1395. The stone is about 122.5 cm in width, 211 cm in height, and 12 cm in depth. The engraved stone shows the 1,467 stars visible from Korea, 264 constellations and their names, the ecliptic and equatorial lines, and 365 scales around. It was compiled through a combination of a Goguryeo star map with more recent observations.
The chart shows positions of the heavenly bodies in their natural order, allocated on their respective celestial fields. Its map projection law is found to be the polar equatorial and equidistance projection : the linear distance of an object on the map from the center is lineally proportional to the north polar angular distance.
The epoch of the stellar positions is estimated to be near the First Century for the stars with declination less than fifty degrees, and to be near 1395 AD for stars with declination higher than fifty degrees.
This map became standard during the Joseon dynasty, with numerous copies printed and disseminated throughout the kingdom, until it was superseded by Western planispheres in the nineteenth century.
The map is the 228th national treasure of South Korea, and is exhibited at the National Palace Museum in Seoul.
The map is now used as a background image on the reverse of the 2007 issued 10,000 won banknotes and was featured in the opening ceremonies of the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang.
Babylonian astronomical diaries

The Babylonian astronomical diaries are a collection of Babylonian cuneiform texts written in Akkadian language that contain systematic records of astronomical observations and political events, predictions based on astronomical observations, weather reports, and commodity prices, kept for about 600 years, from around 652 BCE to 61 BCE.
The commodity prices are included for six items (barley, dates, mustard (cuscuta), cress (cardamom), sesame, and wool) for particular dates.
Currently, most of the surviving several hundred clay tablets are stored in the British Museum.
These are classified as the third category of Babylonian astronomical texts, alongside the Astronomical Cuneiform Texts published by Otto Neugebauer and Abraham Sachs and GADEx, sometimes called “non-ACT” by Neugebauer.
It is suggested that the diaries were used as sources for the Babylonian Chronicles.
The Babylonians were the first to recognise that astronomical phenomena are periodic and to apply mathematics to their predictions. The oldest known significant astronomical text is Tablet 63 of the Enûma Anu Enlil collection, the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, which lists the first and the last visible risings of Venus over a period of about 21 years. It is the earliest evidence that planetary phenomena were recognised as periodic.
The systematic records of ominous phenomena in astronomical diaries began during the reign of Nabonassar (747–734 BC), when a significant increase in the quality and frequency of astronomical observations occurred. That allowed, for example, the discovery of a repeating 18-year Saros cycle of lunar eclipses.
Very few of the tablets are complete, and some are in an extremely fragmentary state. Where no date formula survives, it is often possible to date them based on the astronomical observations recorded. The surviving tablets range in date from the mid-7th to the 1st century BCE, but the vast majority date between 400 and 60 BCE.
Diaries usually cover periods of four to six months, divided into monthly sections. Daily astronomical observations form the bulk of each section. At the end of each month, the Diaries report the river level of the Euphrates; the market exchange values of several commodities in Babylon, and sometimes selected historical events such as warfare, disease outbreaks, visits from kings or officials, and cultic activities.
The Diaries contain no explicit indications of purpose, but since they exhibit significant parallelism with prognostic material, it is likely that they were connected to some extent with divination. There are also parallels in content and phrasing between the Diaries and the Late Babylonian Chronicles.
In addition to the evidence they offer about Babylonian astronomy, the Diaries are the main contemporary source for the political history of Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylonia, while their records of commodity values provide exceptionally detailed and extensive economic data.
Translations of the Diaries are published in multivolume Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, edited by Abraham Sachs and Hermann Hunger.
Telluric contamination

Telluric contamination is contamination of the astronomical spectra by the Earth's atmosphere.
Most astronomical observations are conducted by measuring photons (electromagnetic waves) which originate beyond the sky. The molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, however, absorb and emit their own light, especially in the visible and near-IR portion of the spectrum, and any ground-based observation is subject to contamination from these telluric (earth-originating) sources. Water vapor and oxygen are two of the more important molecules in telluric contamination. Contamination by water vapor was particularly pronounced in the Mount Wilson solar Doppler measurements.
Many scientific telescopes have spectrographs, which measure photons as a function of wavelength or frequency, with typical resolution on the order of a nanometer of visible light. Spectroscopic observations can be used in myriad contexts, including measuring the chemical composition and physical properties of astronomical objects as well as measuring object velocities from the Doppler shift of spectral lines. Unless they are corrected for, telluric contamination can produce errors or reduce precision in such data.
Telluric contamination can also be important for photometric measurements.
It is possible to correct for the effects of telluric contamination in an astronomical spectrum. This is done by preparing a telluric correction function, made by dividing a model spectrum of a star by an observation of an astronomical photometric standard star. This function can then be multiplied by an astronomical observation at each wavelength point.
While this method can restore the original shape of the spectrum, the regions affected can be prone to high levels noise due to the low number of counts in that area of the spectrum.
晋恭帝

晉恭帝司馬德文（386年—421年11月2日），字德文，河内郡温县（今河南省焦作市温县）人，東晉的末代皇帝。為晉孝武帝之子，晉安帝之胞弟，母親是淑媛陳歸女。初封琅邪王，後在桓玄篡位後長期侍奉晉安帝左右。晉安帝死後被劉裕矯以遺詔立為皇帝，但其時劉裕已經完全掌握東晉朝政，司馬德文僅為傀儡而已。劉裕篡晉之後被封為零陵王，次年遇害。
太元十七年十一月庚寅日（392年12月27日）受封為琅邪王，後又拜中軍將軍、散騎常侍。隆安二年（398年）轉衞將軍、開府儀同三司。隆安三年（399年）遷侍中，領司徒、錄尚書六條事。元興元年（402年），桓玄擊敗司馬道子父子，掌握朝政，改以司馬德文為太宰。
元興二年十二月壬辰日（404年1月1日），桓玄篡位稱帝，貶晉安帝為平固王，司馬德文亦因而降封「石陽縣公」。不久桓玄遷安帝至尋陽（今江西九江市），司馬德文亦跟隨。元興三年（404年），劉裕起兵討伐桓玄，桓玄兵敗逃到尋陽，得郭昶之給予器具及士兵後再逼晉安帝與其同至江陵（今湖北江陵）；及至桓玄敗死於逃往益州途中，荊州別駕王康產及南郡太守王騰之迎晉安帝至南郡府舍時，司馬德文亦緊隨。然而，桓振等桓楚餘眾趁劉毅等軍未及趕至江陵，乘虛來襲，最終江陵城陷，王康產及王騰之遇害，桓振亦騎馬揮戈直入，問桓玄子桓昇下落，並在得知其死訊後大怒，指責他們屠殺桓氏。當時司馬德文辯護道：「這又豈會是我們兄弟的意思！」在桓謙苦勸下，桓振才沒有加害安帝。隨後桓振繼續控制江陵，並以司馬德文為徐州刺史，繼續對抗由劉毅所統領的討伐軍隊。
義熙元年（405年），劉毅等軍攻下江陵，司馬德文亦與安帝一同在何無忌護送下返回建康。回建康後，司馬德文遷大司馬，並於義熙四年（408年）加領司徒。
義熙十二年（416年），劉裕預備北伐後秦，時劉裕圖以晉室名聲安撫北方人民，故想奉司馬德文之名北伐，司馬德文因而上書出兵，以修謁晉室山陵，最終劉裕就與司馬德文一同率兵出發。義熙十三年（417年），劉裕成功滅亡後秦，同年年末班師東歸，司馬德文亦跟隨，至次年（418年）夏季，劉裕到達彭城（今江蘇徐州市），司馬德文先回建康。不久，劉裕受九錫，封宋王。
劉裕當時指派了中書侍郎王韶之圖謀殺害晉安帝，立司馬德文為帝，以應「昌明之後尚有二帝」的預言。不過因司馬德文無論飲食還是睡覺都和晉安帝在一起，王韶之無法下手。可是司馬德文卻於當年年末患病，離開了安帝，王韶之趁機會下手，將安帝殺死。劉裕則假稱遺詔，以司馬德文繼位。
元熙二年六月壬戌（420年7月5日），劉裕入朝，傅亮暗示司馬德文禪讓帝位給劉裕，並將禪讓詔書的草稿上呈，要他抄寫。司馬德文欣然接受，執筆抄寫，並說：「桓玄篡位那時，晉室已經失去天下了，又因劉公延長了國祚，至今已將近二十年了；今日作這種事，是心甘情願的。」兩日後，司馬德文退居琅邪王府，百官向晉帝告別，東晉至此滅亡。又三日後，劉裕正式登位，並奉司馬德文為零陵王，讓他遷至秣陵縣（今江蘇江寧縣）的舊縣治作為其府第，正朔、車駕、衣服等都依晉朝規格，正如昔日晉篡魏的先例，並命劉遵派兵守衞。
及後劉裕就有殺害司馬德文的意圖，最初就命前琅邪國郎中令張禕拿毒酒去殺司馬德文，但張禕就嘆道：「要毒殺主君去讓自己活下去，不如死了！」竟在路上喝下毒酒自盡。司馬德文自己也十分害怕會遭毒手，於是起居飲食都由王妃褚靈媛打點，食物也在自己面前烹煮，令加害者無從下手。不過，褚靈媛兄褚秀之及褚淡之都忠於劉裕，一直以來司馬德文生下的男嬰都被二人借故害死。至永初二年（421年）九月，劉裕即命褚淡之及褚叔度去見褚靈媛，乘機支開她到另一個房間。及後士兵就翻過牆進入府內，逼司馬德文服食毒藥。但司馬德文不肯，更說：「佛教所稱，自殺的人都不能輪迴再生為人。」士兵於是用被褥將其悶死，享年三十六歲。司馬德文以晉禮下葬於沖平陵，諡恭皇帝。
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晉簡文帝

晉簡文帝司馬昱（320年—372年9月12日），字道萬，河内郡温县（今河南省焦作市温县）人，是晋朝的第14代皇帝，东晋的第8代皇帝。东晋开国皇帝晋元帝的少子，母郑阿春。
为人宽厚，性情温和深沉，有智慧气度，爱好清谈。自永和元年辅佐穆帝十七年，又在哀帝、废帝临朝的九年中，皆总揽朝权，实际上执政二三十年，而最后只当了两年皇帝。执政时期，国无内乱，对外则把东晋的版图西扩至成汉（今四川省东部，重庆市全部，云南省、贵州省的一部分），北扩至许、洛。且勤政爱民，善交友名士，在学术文化发展上也频有口碑。其风雅宽博给东晋带来了一段安宁。
咸安元年，桓温废海西公，立司马昱。咸安二年，司马昱去世，时年五十二岁。谥号简文皇帝，庙号太宗。
永昌元年（322年），晉元帝下詔封司馬昱為琅邪王，作為自己入繼大宗後父親爵位的繼嗣。咸和二年（327年）因其母喪，請求服重而改封會稽王，官拜散騎常侍。咸和九年（334年）轉任右將軍，加侍中。咸康六年（340年）進撫軍將軍，領祕書監。建元元年（343年）加領太常。
永和元年（345年），因著上一年晉康帝去世，年幼的晉穆帝登位，崇德太后褚蒜子抱晉穆帝臨朝。當時輔政的驃騎將軍何充希望由太后父親褚裒入朝輔政但對方辭讓，當時司馬昱聲望高，故升司馬昱為撫軍大將軍，錄尚書六條事，與何充輔政。同年，荊州刺史庾翼去世，死前請求以其子庾爰之接代其位，何充則屬意徐州刺史桓溫取代庾氏掌握荊州。司馬昱倚重的名士劉惔熟悉桓溫，指桓溫雖然有才幹但也極有野心，不能讓他居於荊州這個控制長江上游的「形勝之地」，建議由司馬昱親自外鎮荊州，或由劉惔自己任荊州刺史。司馬昱沒有聽從劉惔的建言，桓溫任荊州刺史，獲得了日後奪權掌政的資本。
永和二年（346年），何充去世，左光祿大夫蔡謨加領司徒兼錄尚書六條事，與司馬昱一同輔政，司馬昱總理萬機，其實是東晉朝廷的決策者。何充兼領的揚州刺史此時出缺，褚裒舉薦了名士殷浩，殷浩辭讓並寫信給司馬昱說明理由，但司馬昱勸他出仕，四個月後殷浩終於出仕。次年，桓溫平滅成漢，建立大功，威望和勢力都大為提升，同時也引來朝內對其的忌憚。司馬昱決定以殷浩抗衡桓溫，後來後趙國內大亂，授殷浩以北伐的重任。然而殷浩北伐失敗，桓溫在永和十年借朝野對殷浩北伐失敗的不滿廢掉殷浩，司馬昱亦無力抗衡桓溫高漲的力量，令得桓溫在朝中獨大。
永和八年（352年），詔升司馬昱為司徒，司馬昱辭讓。興寧三年（365年），琅邪王司馬奕即位，即晉廢帝，琅邪國無嗣，晉廢帝封司馬昱爲琅邪王，改以司馬昱子司馬昌明為會稽王。司馬昱辭讓，所以仍以會稽王號封琅邪王。次年，詔進司馬昱為丞相、錄尚書事、入朝不趨，贊拜不名，劍履上殿、賜羽葆，鼓吹及班劍六十人，司馬昱又辭讓。
太和四年（369年），桓溫第三次北伐大敗於前燕和前秦聯軍，豫州刺史袁真不堪被桓溫所誣要負上北伐失敗的責任而叛變。司馬昱在涂中與桓溫會面，商討隨後的行動，以桓溫子桓熙為豫州刺史。
太和六年十一月己酉日（372年1月6日），大司馬桓溫廢黜晉廢帝為東海王，率百官到會稽王府奉迎司馬昱，司馬昱即日即位為帝，是為晉簡文帝，改元咸安。桓溫及後就寫了講辭，打算向司馬昱陳述自己廢立的本意，但司馬昱每接見他都不停流淚，如此恐懼桓温，居然不能說一句話。
司馬昱的哥哥武陵王司馬晞有軍事才幹，被桓溫所忌。廢立不久，桓溫就誣陷司馬晞謀反將其免官，及後更逼令新蔡王司馬晃自誣與司馬晞及庾倩等人謀反，以求翦滅陳郡殷氏和穎川庾氏在朝中的勢力。隨後桓溫指示御史中丞司馬恬奏請司馬昱依律法處死司馬晞，司馬昱不肯，下令再作詳細議論。桓溫再次上奏求誅司馬晞，言詞十分嚴厲急切，司馬昱於是手詔給桓溫，寫道：「若果晉室國祚長久，那麼你就應該依從早前的詔命從事；如晉室大勢已去，那你就讓我退位讓賢吧。」桓溫看後流汗色變，不敢再逼，只上奏廢掉司馬晞和他三名兒子，並流放其家屬。
司馬昱見熒惑入太微垣，因晉廢帝被廢時亦有同樣天象，故此十分不安，甚至對桓溫親信也是自己昔日僚屬的郗超問桓溫會否再行廢立之事。郗超斷言桓溫不會這樣作，司馬昱仍十分感慨，並詠庾闡之詩：「志士痛朝危，忠臣哀主辱。」司馬昱憂憤而得病，在咸安二年七月甲寅日（372年9月7日）因病急召桓溫入朝輔政，桓溫數度辭讓，司馬昱於是在己未日（9月12日）立兒子司馬昌明為太子。同日在東堂去世，享年五十三歲。臨終前，司馬昱寫了遺詔，要桓溫依周公先例居攝，更寫：「少子可輔者輔之，如不可，君自取之。」面對桓溫的野心，此舉幾近讓國。王坦之在司馬昱面前親手撕毀遺詔。司馬昱說：「晉室天下，只是因好運而意外獲得，你又對這個決定有甚麼不滿呢！」王坦之卻說：「晉室天下，是晉宣帝和晉元帝建立的，怎由得陛下你獨斷獨行！」司馬昱於是命王坦之改寫遺詔，寫道：「家國事一稟大司馬，如諸葛武侯、王丞相故事。」桓溫其實亦希望司馬昱臨終禪讓帝位給自己，又或者讓他像周公般居攝行事，王坦之改寫後的遺詔令桓溫大失所望。
司馬昱葬高平陵，廟號為太宗，諡為簡文皇帝。
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U-133号潜艇 (1941年)

U-133号（德語：U 133）是纳粹德国战争海军建造的568艘VII-C型潜艇（或称U艇）之一。它由不来梅的伏尔铿（德语：Bremer Vulkan）费格扎克船厂（德语：Vegesacker Werft）承建，于1941年4月28日下水，至同年7月5日交付使用（英语：Ship commissioning）。第二次世界大战期间，该艇曾执行过三次巡逻作战，共击沉1艘排水量为1,920吨的英国军舰。1942年3月14日，U-133号在萨拉米斯岛以南的地中海触雷沉没，艇内45名官兵全数罹难。
VII-C型是VII级潜艇的第三次、也是最有价值的改进型。它搭载了被称为“S装置（德语：Gruppenhorchgerät）”的新式主动声呐系统，为了容纳这种新设备，VII-C型的艇体尺寸有所增加，并重新设计了鞍状水舱（英语：Ballast tank），在其两侧各增加了一个可提供储备浮力的小型浮舱，有利于潜艇完成快速下潜。U-133号的全长为67.10米，舷宽6.20米、并有4.74米的吃水深度，水上和水下排水量分别为769吨和871吨。该艇采用双轴设计，具有两副直径为1.23米的三叶螺旋桨。在机械系统方面，VII-C型艇也得到了升级：通过艇上配备的燃油过滤系统，柴油机润滑系统的使用受命得以延长，也为不同润滑剂在艇上机械设备上混合使用留足了余地。原先前型艇用于发射鱼雷和主压载舱吹除操作的电动空气压缩机则改为容克斯的柴动压缩机，从而减小了对艇上电气系统的依赖；此外，该型艇还装配了更为现代化的电力转换系统。动力由两台曼恩生产的M6V 40/46型六缸四冲程1,400匹公制馬力（1,000千瓦特）涡轮增压柴油机用于水面运行，以及两台布朗-博韦里提供的GG UB 720/8型375匹公制馬力（280千瓦特）双作用电动发电机用于水下航行；水面最高航速17.7節（32.8公里每小時），水下7.6節（14.1公里每小時）；能够在水面以10節（19公里每小時）航速续航8,500海里（15,700公里），或以4節（7.4公里每小時）连续在水下航行80海里（150公里）而无需充电。
武器装备方面，U-133号装备有五具内置式鱼雷发射管——艇艏四具、艇艉一具。其艇艉的鱼雷发射管设计在耐压壳体（英语：pressure hull）内部、两片舵之间，鱼雷可以由此向外发射。在轮机舱（英语：Engine room）甲板下方还配备了用于艇艉的鱼雷装填系统，耐压壳体与甲板室（英语：Deckhouse）之间一前一后还设计有外置鱼雷贮存装置，因此U-133号可携带14枚G7型（德语：G7 (Torpedo)）鱼雷。但不同于其它批次的C型艇，该艇不设水雷贮存及布设装置。此外，它还搭载有一门配备220发弹药的88毫米35式速射炮以及一门配备1,195发弹药20毫米30式高射炮（英语：2 cm Flak 30, Flak 38 and Flakvierling 38）作为甲板炮（英语：Deck gun）。其标准船员编制（英语：Ship's company）为4名军官及40－56名水兵。
1939年8月7日，海军造舰局将第三批次的五艘VII-C型潜艇（U-132至U-136号）建造合同发包予不来梅的伏尔铿公司（德语：Bremer Vulkan）。其中U-133号于1940年8月21日开始在费格扎克船厂（德语：Vegesacker Werft）铺设龙骨，建造序列（英语：Yard number）为12号。经过近九个月的建造，它于1941年4月28日下水，至同年7月5日在首度担任艇长的海军上尉赫尔曼·黑塞的指挥下交付使用（英语：Ship commissioning）。完成海试后，该艇加入驻基尔的第7潜艇区舰队（英语：7th U-boat Flotilla），先是在波罗的海进行战备训练，进而于1941年11月作为前线艇移驻德占法国的圣纳泽尔。此后，为配合在地中海作战，它自1942年起又换编至驻希腊萨拉米斯岛的第23潜艇区舰队（英语：23rd U-boat Flotilla）服役，直到同年3月14日沉没。
第二次世界大战期间，U-133号曾执行过三次巡逻和三次狼群作战，足迹遍及纽芬兰大浅滩以东和格陵兰岛东南部的北大西洋，以及昔兰尼加和埃及附近的地中海东部，期间共击沉1艘英国军舰。受害者是正护送MW-8B号船队前往马耳他的廓尔喀号（英语：HMS Gurkha (G63)）驱逐舰，于1942年1月17日07:35被黑塞发射的一枚鱼雷击中，引发大火从舰艏波及至舰艉。荷兰驱逐舰艾萨克·斯威尔斯号（英语：HNLMS Isaac Sweers (1940)）立即实施救援并将其拖离在水面燃烧的油污，惟火势无法控制的廓尔喀号最终仍在西地巴拉尼（英语：Sidi Barrani）以北海域沉没。随后，另一艘英国驱逐舰毛利号（英语：HMS Maori (F24)）以深水炸弹发动反击，但对U-133号仅造成轻微破坏。
1942年3月14日17:00，U-133号驶离萨拉米斯岛的驻地执行第三次巡逻。仅两小时后，该艇便在德国人自行布设的雷区内触雷，断成两截，随即沉没，所有船员全数遇难。事发后，第23区舰队指挥官表示，U-133号已偏离德军防御雷区掩护的必经之路。潜艇残骸于1997年1月20日由希腊潜水员在水深78米处发现，具体位置为37°50′N 23°23′E﻿ / ﻿37.833°N 23.383°E﻿ / 37.833; 23.383。
互联网流传着一个关于U-133号潜艇的故事，讲述了该艇的最后一次任务是从下加利福尼亚州沿科罗拉多河逆流而上，以某种方式摧毁胡佛大坝。同样的故事基本在所有的网站上一字不差地重复着，除了一两个遗漏了所谓来源的网站。当引用来源时，它总是提及一份可疑且相当难以捉摸的出版物，名为1996年的“肖号新闻通讯”，但肖号驱逐舰（英语：USS Shaw (DD-373)）本身已于1945年10月退役并于1946年7月拆解报废。文章指出，U-133号在彼得·普福（Peter Pfau）上尉的指挥下，与54名水兵一同抵达了内华达州的劳克林，后来却因沙洲的阻挡而中止任务并凿沉潜艇。
这只是一个有趣的传说，事实上U-133号永远无法航行得如此之远（美国西岸），因其燃料供应实在有限（VII-C型潜艇可以通过用燃料填满部分水箱抵达美国东岸，但仍十分勉强），纳粹海军也没有名叫普福的潜艇指挥官。倘若在战争期间有过这样一次不同寻常且大胆的袭击，当时便会造成轰动，而不必时至今日才知道了。
琅邪王氏

琅邪王氏（“琅邪”一作“琅琊”），中国中古时期的一个以琅邪郡为郡望的王姓世族。琅邪王氏在汉朝兴起，东晋时期发展为侨姓士族的最高门第，与陈郡谢氏并称“王谢”。现今为江苏，山东，安徽等地王姓的始祖，尤其以苏北至皖北，如徐州萧县一代最盛。
秦朝名将王翦之孙王离死于鉅鹿之战，王离长子王元，為避秦乱，迁于琅邪郡，为琅邪王氏始祖。王元之弟王威则是太原王氏的祖先。
西晉太保王祥給異母弟王覽一把佩刀，並說王覽的後代一定很風光，足以承受這把刀。琅邪王氏在衣冠南渡时为东晋政权的稳固居功至伟，被称为“第一望族”，時人皆谓“王与马，共天下”。整個家族在東晉和南朝共出現過九位皇后，七位駙馬，一位北朝妃嬪。
侯景之乱时，琅邪王氏与陈郡谢氏一起因拒绝与侯景联姻，而受侯景報復性地大屠杀，自此几乎在政局失去影响力；唐朝僅有四人官至宰相（王方慶、王璿、王璵、王摶）。
據《忠懿王庙碑文》記載：五代十国时期，闽国开国君主王審知是秦朝名将王翦的后代，為瑯琊王氏士族。。
风中奇缘 (电视剧)

《风中奇缘》（英語：Sound of the Desert），原名《大漠谣》，曾用名《星月传奇》，是一部2014年的架空背景古裝偶像劇，改編自知名作家桐華創作的小說《大漠謠》，亦是第二部翻拍成電視劇的桐華小說作品。該劇由唐人影視出品並製作，香港知名導演李國立執導，並由劉詩詩、彭于晏、胡歌及陳法拉領銜主演。全劇原本以漢武帝時期為背景，講述了一個来自西域的神秘女子与西汉大将军卫无忌和商人孟西漠之间的爱情纠葛。后因更動历史，故事背景改为架空世界，人物名字亦大部替换。
本剧于2012年3月2日在浙江象山影视城举行媒体见面会，3月9日正式开机，期间转战横店影视城、宁夏镇北堡西部影城、内蒙古阿拉善盟等多地取景拍摄，于同年7月2日杀青关机。之后历经多次改名和延期的波折，直到2014年10月1日才以周播形式在湖南卫视十点档钻石独播剧场全国首播。台湾则于当年12月8日在中天娱乐台和中视数位台同步播出。
সারদা পীঠ

সারদা পীঠ দেবী সরস্বতীর প্রাচীন মন্দির, যা পাকিস্তান অধিকৃত কাশ্মীরের নীলম নদীর কাছাকাছি অবস্থিত। এর ধ্বংসাবশেষ ইন্দো-পাক কন্ট্রোল লাইনের কাছে অবস্থিত।
পুরাণ
সত্য যুগে সতী দেবী তার স্বামীর প্রতি পিতার অপমান সহ্য করতে না পেরে দক্ষযজ্ঞে আত্মাহুতি দেন। শোকাহত মহাদেব রাগান্বিত হয়ে দক্ষর যজ্ঞ ভণ্ডুল করেন এবং সতী দেবীর মৃতদেহ কাঁধে নিয়ে বিশ্বব্যাপী প্রলয় নৃত্য শুরু করেন। অন্যান্য দেবতাদের অনুরোধে বিষ্ণুদেব তার সুদর্শন চক্র দ্বারা সতী দেবীর মৃতদেহ ছেদন করেন। এতে সতী মাতার দেহখণ্ডসমূহ ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশের বিভিন্ন জায়গায় পড়ে এবং পবিত্র পীঠস্থান (শক্তিপীঠ) হিসেবে পরিচিতি পায়। এখানে দেবীর কান বা দক্ষিণ হস্ত পরেছে। এটি ১৮ মহাশক্তিপীঠের একটি।
পরবর্তী
৬ ও ১২ শতাব্দীর মাঝামাঝি সারদা পীঠ ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশ এর অন্যতম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ছিল। একটি ধর্মীয় প্রতিষ্ঠান হিসাবে, এটি কাশ্মীরী পন্ডিতদের তিনটি বিখ্যাত "তীর্থ" বা পবিত্র স্থানগুলির মধ্যে অন্যতম। অন্য দুটি হচ্ছে মার্তন্ড সূর্য মন্দির এবং অমরনাথ মন্দির ।২০০৫ সালে ভূমিকম্পে এটির ক্ষতি হয়।
ধ্যানমন্ত্র অনুযায়ী শারদা দেবী হলেন ছয়টি হাতবিশিষ্টা সিংহবাহিনী । শারদা যিনি সমস্ত প্রাপ্তি প্রদান করেন। তার তিনটি চোখ,একটি পূর্ণিমার মত উজ্জ্বল মুখ; তার ছয়টি উজ্জ্বল হাতে একটি বর্শা(শক্তি অস্ত্র), একটি ধনুক, তীর, একটি ঘণ্টা, অমৃতের একটি পাত্র; এবং একটি রত্নখচিত কলস। শারদা, শৈলে অবস্থিতা হাস্যরতা দেবী, তিনি হলেন ত্রিলোকজননী, সূর্য ও আগুনের চোখ এবং ছয়টি হাত সহ সর্বশক্তিমান রূপ। ভগবতীকে নমস্কার যা সাধকদের ভক্তি দ্বারা অর্জিত হয়। সিংহাসনে অধিষ্ঠিত শারদা শীঘ্রই কাঙ্ক্ষিত ফলদায়ক কল্যাণ পূর্ণ করুক!
টেমপ্লেট:উচ্চশিক্ষার প্রাচীন ধর্মীয় কেন্দ্র
বলরাম মন্দির

রামকৃষ্ণ মঠ, বলরাম মন্দির হল রামকৃষ্ণ মঠ ও মিশনের একটি শাখাকেন্দ্র ও রামকৃষ্ণ মন্দির। এটি উত্তর কলকাতার বাগবাজার অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত। বলরাম মন্দির রামকৃষ্ণ মিশনের বাংলা মুখপাত্র উদ্বোধন পত্রিকার প্রধান কার্যালয় উদ্বোধন বাটী, রামকৃষ্ণ সারদা মিশন ভগিনী নিবেদিতা বালিকা বিদ্যালয় ও গিরিশচন্দ্র ঘোষের বাড়ির কাছে অবস্থিত। ১৮৯৭ সালের ১ মে এই বাড়িতেই স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন প্রতিষ্ঠা করেছিলেন।
বলরাম মন্দির রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংসের শিষ্য বলরাম বসুর বাড়ি ছিল। রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস এই বাড়িতে তার কলকাতা-নিবাসী ভক্তদের সঙ্গে দেখা করতে আসতেন। সারদা দেবী ও রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংসের অন্যান্য শিষ্যরাও এই বাড়িতে বাস করেছেন।
যে ঘরে রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস তার শিষ্যদের সঙ্গে দেখা করতেন, সেটি এখন ঠাকুরঘর। সারদা দেবী যে ঘরে বাস করতেন, সেই ঘরটিতে একটি সিংহাসনে সারদা দেবীর ফটোগ্রাফ রেখে পূজা করা হয়। বলরাম মন্দিরে আরও একটি ঠাকুরঘর আছে। এখানে বলরাম বসুদের পারিবারিক গৃহদেবতা জগন্নাথ, বলরাম ও সুভদ্রার পূজা হয়। বলরাম মন্দিরের বারান্দায় একটি কাঠের ছোটো রথ রক্ষিত আছে। এই রথে বলরাম মন্দিরে রথযাত্রা উৎসবের আয়োজন করা হয়। উক্ত রথটি রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংসও টেনেছিলেন বলে জানা যায়।
সৌদামিনী দেবী

সৌদামিনী দেবী (১৮৪৭-১৯২০) ছিলেন একজন ভারতীয় বাঙালী লেখিকা, সঙ্গীত রচয়িতা ও অনুবাদিকা। তিনি জন্মসূত্রে সৌদামিনী ঠাকুর এবং বৈবাহিকসূত্রে সৌদামিনী গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় নামেও পরিচিত।
সৌদামিনী দেবী (জন্ম: ১৮৪৭ খ্রীস্টাব্দ) ছিলেন মহর্ষি দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ও সারদা দেবীর দ্বিতীয় কন্যা। তিনি ছিলেন বেথুন স্কুলের প্রথম যুগের ছাত্রী। ঠাকুর পরিবারের অন্যান্য মহিলা সদস্যেরা তাঁকে অনুসরণ করলেও, স্বর্ণকুমারী দেবী প্রধানত বাড়িতেই লেখাপড়া শিখেছিলেন।
সৌদামিনী দেবীর বিয়ে হয়েছিল নদীয়া জেলার দিগনগর গ্রামের যাদবচন্দ্র গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়ের পুত্র সারদাপ্রসাদ গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়ের সঙ্গে। ১৮৮৩ সালের ৯ ডিসেম্বর রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ও মৃণালিনী দেবীর বিয়ের দিন তার স্বামী সারদাপ্রসাদের শিলাইদহে মৃত্যু ঘটে। এরপর তিনি পুত্র (সত্যপ্রসাদ) ও কন্যাদের (ইরাবতী ও ইন্দুুমতী) নিয়ে ঠাকুরবাড়িতেই কাটান। অবশ্য ১৮৭৫ খ্রিষ্টাব্দে দেবেন্দ্রনাথের পত্নী সারদাদেবীর মৃত্যুর পর, বৃহৎ ঠাকুর পরিবারের তিনিই গৃহকর্তীর দায়িত্ব পালন করেছেন। ১৯২০ খ্রিষ্টাব্দে তিনি মৃত্যবরণ করেন।
সৌদামিনী দেবী কর্তৃক রচিত গ্রন্থগুলি হল: "অদ্ভুত রামায়ণ" এবং "পিতৃস্মৃতি"।
তিনি পিতা দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরকে নিয়ে রচনা করেন পিতৃস্মৃতি। ঠাকুরবাড়ির সাংগীতিক পরিবেশে তিনিও সংগীতানুরাগিণী হয়ে উঠছিলেন। তাঁর রচিত গানের নমুনা খুব বেশি পাওয়া যায় না। ঠাকুরবাড়িতে তাঁর রচিত একটি ব্রহ্মসঙ্গীত বেশ জনপ্রিয়তা পেয়েছিল। এই গানটি হলো− প্রভু পূজিব তোমারে।
ভানুপ্রিয়া

ভানুপ্রিয়া হলেন একজন ভারতীয় চলচ্চিত্র অভিনেত্রী, কুচিপুড়ি নৃত্যশিল্পী এবং কণ্ঠশিল্পী। তিনি মূলত তামিল ও তেলুগু চলচ্চিত্রে অভিনয় করেন। এছাড়াও তিনি কয়েকটি বলিউড, মালায়ালাম ও কন্নড় চলচ্চিত্রে এবং টেলিভিশনের বিভিন্ন অনুষ্ঠানে অভিনয় করেছেন। তামিল চলচ্চিত্র মেলা পেসুঙ্গাল (১৯৮৩) দিয়ে তার অভিনয় জীবনের শুরু হয়। তারপরে তিনি বিখ্যাত তেলুগু চলচ্চিত্র সিতারাতে অভিনয় করেন। চলচ্চিত্রটি সে বছর শ্রেষ্ঠ তামিল ভাষার পূর্ণদৈর্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্র বিভাগে জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার জিতেছিল। তারপরে ১৯৮৫ সালে আবেশানা নামক রহস্য চলচ্চিত্রে তিনি একজন পাখি বিশেষজ্ঞের চরিত্রে অভিনয় করেছিলেন। ১৯৮৬ সালে দোস্তি দুশমনি চলচ্চিত্রে মাধ্যমে হিন্দি চলচ্চিত্রে অর্থাৎ বলিউডে তার অভিষেক হয়।
১৯৮৮ সালে, তিনি স্বর্ণকমলম চলচ্চিত্রে অভিনয় করেন। চলচ্চিত্রটি ১৯৮৮ সালে ভারতের আন্তর্জাতিক চলচ্চিত্র উৎসব এবং আন আর্বর চলচ্চিত্র উৎসবে ভারতীয় প্যানোরোমা বিভাগে প্রদর্শিত হয়েছিল। তিনি তার চলচ্চিত্র জীবনে সেরা অভিনেত্রী বিভাগে ইন্ডিয়ান এক্সপ্রেস পুরস্কার, নন্দী পুরস্কার এবং ফিল্মফেয়ার পুরস্কার - তেলুগু অর্জন করেন । ১৯৮৯ এবং ১৯৯১ সালে তাঁর অভিনীত বিখ্যাত তামিল চলচ্চিত্র আরারো আরিরারো এবং আঝাগান-এ অভিনয়ের ফলে তিনি তামিলনাড়ু রাজ্য চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কারের বিশেষ পুরস্কার অর্জন করেন।
তেত্রিশ বছর ব্যাপী কর্মজীবনে, ভানুপ্রিয়া বিভিন্ন চরিত্রে একশত পঞ্চাশেরও বেশি পূর্ণদৈর্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্রে অভিনয় করেছেন এবং তিনটি রাজ্য নন্দী পুরস্কার, তিনটি তামিলনাড়ু রাজ্য চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার, দুটি সিনেমা এক্সপ্রেস পুরস্কার (দক্ষিণ), দুটি ফিল্মফেয়ার পুরস্কার অর্জন করেছেন। এছাড়াও দক্ষিণ ভারতীয় চলচ্চিত্রে তাঁর অবদানের জন্য তিনি সাউথ ইন্ডিয়া এওয়ার্ডসের জেএফডাব্লিউ দিবস পুরস্কার, টেলিভিশনে আজীবন কৃতিত্বের জন্য জেমিনি টিভি পুরস্কারসহ অন্যান্য পুরস্কার ও সম্মাননা অর্জন করেন।
ভানুপ্রিয়া অন্ধ্র প্রদেশের রাজমহেন্দ্রি শহরের নিকটবর্তী রাঙ্গামপেটা গ্রামে একটি তেলুগু ভাষী পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তাঁর পিতার নাম পান্ডু বাবু এবং মাতার নাম রাগমালি। তাঁর পরিবার তামিলনাড়ু রাজ্যের চেন্নাই শহরে স্থায়ীভাবে বসবাস করেছে। তাঁর এক ছোট বোন রয়েছে; যার নাম শান্তিপ্রিয়া। তিনিও ১৯৯০-এর দশক থেকে চলচ্চিত্রে অভিনয় করছেন।
ভানুপ্রিয়া ১৪ জুন ১৯৯৮ সালে ক্যালিফোর্নিয়ার ম্যালিবুর শ্রী ভেঙ্কটেশ্বর মন্দিরে আদর্শ কুশলের সাথে বিবাহ বন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হন। তার স্বামী আদর্শ কুশল ছিলেন একজন 'ডিজিটাল গ্রাফিক্স' প্রকৌশলী। ২০০৩ সালে এই দম্পতির একজন কন্যা সন্তান জন্মগ্রহণ করে; যার নাম রাখা হয় 'অভিনয়'।
ভানুপ্রিয়া ২০০৫ সালে তাঁর স্বামী আদর্শ কুশলের সাথে বৈবাহিক সম্পর্ক ছিন্ন করে ভারতে ফিরে আসেন। নিজ দেশে ফেরার পর তিনি তাঁর অভিনয় জীবনের পুনঃসূচনা করেন। তিনি এখন তাঁর মেয়ে 'অভিনয়'কে নিয়ে চেন্নাইয়ে বাস করছেন।
Edgar Laplante

Edgar Laplante (c. 1888 – January 1944), sometimes posed as Chief White Elk, and, in Italy, Capo Cervo Bianco (Chief White Buck) was an American-born French-Canadian con man and actor known for his confidence tricks such as duping local businessmen, befriending world class leaders, and seducing high class women by posing as American war heroes and long distance runners (including Tom Longboat). He also used to involve these contacts in his substance abuse. He performed his first con at an apparent age of 14.
He was able to make money by delivering public speeches at religious places and civil societies while disguised as other people, never revealing his real name.
He was born around 1888 in Central Falls, Rhode Island. His father was a carpenter. He also went by the name "Prince Tewanna Ray". When he was around 34 years old, he went to England to arrange a meeting with Edward VIII leaving behind a trail of unpaid bills and an active police investigation. He first played Native American characters around 1917 and used to travel from one city to another pretending to be an activist working towards "Indian Rights". In this guise he would also deliver motivational speeches to businessmen and soldiers. He knew more than 21 languages which he used to indulge leaders, businessmen, kings, and queens.
He later went to Switzerland where he was arrested by the Swiss police for his involvement in confidence tricks. He was sentenced to one year in prison. In October 1925 when he was released, he then went to Italy where he was arrested again and sentenced to seven years in prison with a fine of over 1 million Italian lira, however he was released after four years.
Prior to his arrest, he went to Europe where he acted in a film titled La caravane vers l’Ouest under the pseudonym Chief White Elk. In 1924, he went to Italy and presented himself as a delegation member of the League of Nations. His traditional dress made him famous in Italy, and earned him honour from the fascist rulers of Italy. Later in 1926, he was convicted by a court in Turin for his involvement in fraud. According to apocryphal claims he tried to justify his actions with the argument that "I'm an actor, I just did what people expected me to do".
His pose as Chief White Elk helped him to marry a Utah woman named Burtha Thompson. His marriage was attended by the governor, who believed he was the real Chief White Elk. Along with his spouse, he visited the US and Canada, but he subsequently left his wife due to his substance abuse.
He moved to New York after his release from Italian prison and died of a myocardial infarction in Arizona.
Old Monk

Old Monk Rum is a vatted Indian dark rum, launched in 1855. It is a dark rum with a distinct vanilla flavour, with an alcohol content of 42.8%. It is produced in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh and has registered office in Solan, Himachal Pradesh.
There is no advertising, its popularity depends on word of mouth and loyalty of customers. However, in 2013 Old Monk lost its rank as the largest selling dark rum to McDowell's No.1 Celebration Rum. Old Monk has been the biggest Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL) brand for many years.
Old Monk was ranked 5th among Indian spirits brands at the Impact International's 2008 list of "Top 100 Brands At Retail Value" with a retail value of US$240 million.
It is sold in six size variants: 90 ml, 180 ml, 375 ml, 500ml, 750 ml, and 1 litre bottles. Old Monk had been awarded gold medals at Monde Selections since 1982.
In 1855, an entrepreneurial Scotsman named Edward Abraham Dyer, father of Colonel Reginald Dyer set up a brewery in Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh to cater to the British requirement for cheap beer. This brewery changed hands and became a distillery by the name of Mohan Meakin Pvt. Ltd.
Old Monk, reportedly a creation of Ved Rattan Mohan, former managing director of Mohan Meakin, was first introduced in India in the 1960s. Colonel Ved Mohan, brother of Kapil Mohan, had been inspired by the serene life of Benedictine monks and the drinks they brewed as they led their ascetic life in the mountains where they lived in content. And hence, the drink got its name. Before Old Monk, there was Hercules rum (still sold) that was distilled exclusively for the armed forces. Superior in taste and perhaps even in quality to Hercules (as loyalists believe), the brand soon became one of the leading dark rums in the world and perhaps the most popular IMFL brand in the country. The affordable pricing strategy has also worked in their favor.
There was a time when Old Monk dominated the rum market. There were other brands also but none came close in quality or popularity. About eight million bottles were sold annually. As of 2015, the sales are a quarter of that and they continue to decline. There were recent rumours about Old Monk closing down but its makers, Mohan Meakin Ltd, assured that Old Monk is not going to be taken off market.
Old Monk XXX Very Old Vatted Rum is the original classic Old Monk. All Old Monk Rums variations are dark colored aged blended rums, except the Old Monk White Rum which is filtered to remove color and usually not aged longer hence does not have the barrel's oak flavour.
Old Monk is sold by some retailers in Russia, United States, UK, Germany, Japan, UAE, Estonia, Finland, Qatar, New Zealand, Canada, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Cameroon, Australia, Singapore, Bahrain Malaysia, Cyprus, and Oman
Paris–Roubaix

Paris–Roubaix er et sykkelritt i Nord-Frankrike. Rittet ble arrangert for første gang i 1896, er blitt det mest berømte av de klassiske endagsrittene, et av de fem «monumentene».
Rittet arrangeres i april og går over brosteinsstrekninger og røffe veier i det nordlige Frankrikes kullgruveområder. Like etter første verdenskrig fikk rittet kallenavnet l'enfer du Nord (Helvetet i nord). Rittet følger frontlinjene fra krigen, og passerte dermed gjennom mange av krigens ruiner, kratere og ødeleggelser.
I 1968 ble startstedet flyttet fra Paris til Compiègne, omtrent 80 km lenger nord. Løypa justeres litt fra år til år. Etter hvert som de ulike veistrekningene får nytt veidekke forsøker arrangørene å finne nye utfordrende brosteinsstrekninger for å bevare rittets karakter. I 2005 gikk i alt 54,7 kilometer over brostein. Rittet avsluttes med halvannen runde på velodromen i Roubaix.
Flest seire har de belgiske syklistene Roger De Vlaeminck og Tom Boonen med fire hver. Nordmannen Thor Hushovd ble nr. 3 i 2009 og nr. 2 i 2010.