davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Carlos Maggi

Carlos Maggi (5 August 1922, Montevideo, Uruguay – 15 May 2015, Montevideo, Uruguay) was a Uruguayan lawyer, playwright, journalist and writer. Among his acquaintances he was known as "the Kid" (Spanish: el Pibe).
He was one of the last surviving members of the Generation of 45, a Uruguayan intellectual and literary movement: Juan Carlos Onetti, Manuel Flores Mora, Ángel Rama, Emir Rodríguez Monegal, Idea Vilariño, Carlos Real de Azúa, Carlos Martínez Moreno [es], Mario Arregui [es], Mauricio Muller, José Pedro Díaz, Amanda Berenguer, Tola Invernizzi [es], Mario Benedetti, Ida Vitale, Líber Falco, Juan Cunha [es], among others.
Natrium bikarbonat

Natrium bikarbonat atau soda kue (bahasa Inggris: baking soda) adalah senyawa kimia dengan rumus NaHCO3. Dalam penyebutannya kerap disingkat menjadi bicnat atau bicarb. Senyawa ini termasuk kelompok garam dan telah digunakan sejak lama (abad 19).
Senyawa ini merupakan kristal yang sering terdapat dalam bentuk serbuk. Natrium bikarbonat larut dalam air. Senyawa ini digunakan dalam roti atau kue karena bereaksi dengan bahan lain membentuk gas karbon dioksida, yang menyebabkan roti "mengembang".
Senyawa ini juga digunakan sebagai obat antasid (penyakit maag atau tukak lambung). Karena bersifat alkaloid (basa), senyawa ini juga digunakan sebagai obat penetral asam bagi penderita asidosis tubulus renalis (ATR) atau rhenal tubular acidosis (RTA). Selain itu, natrium bikarbonat juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat.
NaHCO3 umumnya diproduksi melalui proses Solvay, yang memerlukan reaksi natrium klorida, amonia, dan karbon dioksida dalam air. NaHCO3 diproduksi sebanyak 100 000 ton/tahun (2001).
Soda kue juga diproduksi secara komesial dari soda abu (diperoleh melalui penambangan bijih trona, yang dilarutkan dalam air lalu direaksikan dengan karbon dioksida. Lalu NaHCO3 mengendap sesuai persamaan berikut:
Senyawa ini bermanfaat dalam mengembangkan produk roti, kue dan biskuit tanpa proses peragian. Soda kue dapat bereaksi dengan pemanasan (masak) dan dengan zat asam. Soda kue hanya cocok ditambahkan pada makanan yang juga menambahkan asam/zat pH rendah pada adonannya seperti pada butter milk, yogurt, cokelat, air jeruk, atau cuka. Jika pada adonan kue atau roti tersebut menggunakan soda kue tanpa zat asam, maka akan bertambah sedikit rasa pahit logam, rasa sabun, dan sedikit berwarna kuning disebabkan menghasilkan zat Natrium Karbonat (Na2CO3).
Reaksi kimia saat pemanasan larutan baking soda tanpa zat asam yang mengeluarkan gas CO2 di atas suhu 80 °C (180 °F):
Sedangkan reaksi kimia larutan baking soda dengan zat asam:
Jika dalam adonan roti atau kue tidak mengandung zat asam atau sedikit asam maka soda kue dapat diganti dengan bubuk pengembang. Bubuk pengembang adalah soda kue yang sudah ditambah dengan zat asam tambahan, zat penstabil, serta zat lain guna memaksimalkan proses memasak, tanpa meninggalkan rasa sedikit rasa pahit logam, rasa sabun, dan sedikit berwarna kuning.
Saat menambahkan asam, bahan alkali seperti susu murni atau cokelat sering ditambahkan ke makanan panggang untuk menghindari rasa asam berlebih dari asam yang ditambahkan.
Bolang-baling

Bolang-baling adalah sebutan yang umum dipakai di Jawa Tengah terutama Semarang untuk roti goreng berbentuk kubus atau balok, dengan kulit luar renyah berwarna cokelat muda dan diberi taburan gula atau wijen, dan bagian dalam kosong dan mengembang, sehingga tampak seperti bantal kecil. Bentuknya yang seperti bantal membuat kue ini disebut "kue bantal" di daerah Jakarta. Di Semarang, bolang-baling selalu dijual bersama-sama dengan cakwe dan untir-untir di gerobak kaki lima. Meskipun sering disebut sebagai kue, sebenarnya bolang-baling adalah sejenis roti yang proses pematangannya dengan cara digoreng.
Sejarah dan asal-usul nama bolang-baling belum diputuskan. Hipotesis pertama, bolang-baling sama dengan kue bantal dan kue bantal dipercaya sebagai adaptasi lokal dari ham chim peng yang dibawa oleh keturunan Tionghoa yang kemudian sampai di Jawa Tengah. Ada yang menduga, proses menggoreng "bolak-balik" beberapa kali supaya adonan mendapatkan panas yang merata dari minyak agar mengembang, berubah menjadi "bolang-baling".
Hipotesis lain, bolang-baling adalah adaptasi dari oliebollen (bentuk jamak dari oliebol) pada masa kolonial Belanda. Pemerintah kolonial Belanda menyisipkan pasar malam pada perayaan Sekaten dan mempersilakan penjual oliebollen untuk memperkenalkan kue khas Belanda ini pada penduduk Indonesia saat itu. Susahnya pengucapan kata "oliebollen" bagi lidah orang Jawa membuat oliebollen bergeser menjadi "bolang-baling". Oliebollen dan bolang-baling memiliki kemiripan dalam bahan-bahan yang dipakai dan cara pembuatan. Seiring dengan waktu dan bersamaan dengan hilangnya pemakaian bahasa Belanda di Indonesia, hilang pula nama "oliebollen" dari ingatan orang. Yang tersisa hanyalah nama yang sudah berubah sesuai lidah lokal, yaitu "bolang-baling."
Di daerah Bandung, kue ini disebut dengan odading yang kabarnya adalah kesalahan dengar dari "Oh, dat ding," yaitu Bahasa Belanda untuk "Oh, benda (yang) itu." Odading sempat diviralkan oleh seorang yang bernama Ade Londok saat mempromosikan video berjudul Odading Mang Oleh.
Selain itu, berikut beragam versi nama lain dari bolang-baling:
Sementara di beberapa daerah lain seperti Nganjuk dan Boyolali, kue galundeng adalah nama lain untuk "onde-onde ketawa", yang mana teksturnya lebih merujuk ke kue daripada roti.
Selain Ham Chim Peng, bolang-baling juga memiliki kemiripan dengan kue Taiwan yang bernama Shuangbaotai. Kue ini dibuat dari penggunaan 2 (dua) lembar adonan roti yang ditumpuk dan taburan wijen manis di salah satu sisi kue.
Candi, Bandungan, Semarang

Candi adalah sebuah desa di kecamatan Bandungan, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Jarak desa ini dari ibu kota kecamatan adalah sekitar 2 km. Desa Candi memiliki sebuah tempat wisata andalan Kabupaten Semarang, yaitu Candi Gedong Songo.
Desa candi terdiri dari 9 dusun yang memiliki nama unik, yaitu Kalibendo, Ngonto, Candi, Ngablak, Tarukan, Talun, Nglarangan, Ngipik, dan Darum.
Desa Candi memiliki lembaga pendidikan negara dan swasta, yaitu:
Beberapa prestasi pendidikan siswa-siswi desa Candi yang pernah diraih, antara lain juara II lomba Karang Taruna Teladan tingkat nasional, Juara I UPPKA Tingkat Nasional, dan lain-lain.
Pasar Kranggan Yogyakarta

Pasar Kranggan (bahasa Jawa: ꧋ꦥꦱꦂꦏꦿꦁꦒꦤ꧀, translit. Pasar Kranggan) adalah salah satu pasar tradisional di Kota Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Lokasi pasar ini berada di Jalan Pangeran Diponegoro, tidak jauh dari kawasan Tugu Yogyakarta.
Kata "Kranggan" berasal dari nama salah satu pejabat Kesultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat pada masa Hindia Belanda, yakni Raden Tumenggung Rangga Prawirasantika. Ia menginisiasi berdirinya pasar ini, sehingga namanya digunakan, yakni dari kata Ka-Rangga-an.
Keberadaan pasar ini sebenarnya telah terdeteksi pada abad ke-19, dimana pasar ini diperuntukkan bagi etnis Tionghoa di Yogyakarta. Wijkensteelsel, Peraturan pemerintah Hindia Belanda yang mengatur tata ruang kota membagi wilayah etnis Tionghoa berada di Kampung Ketandan dan Poncowinatan (belakang pasar Kranggan saat ini).
Bangunan pasar Kranggan mengalami beberapa kali pemugaran, pemugaran pertama dilakukan pada tahun 1975 dan selesai pada 1978, kemudian direnovasi kembali pada 2013.
Pasar Kranggan dikenal oleh masyarakat Yogyakarta dengan penjual jajanan pasar dan bunga. Jajanan pasar yang ada di pasar ini, antara lain jenang, lemper, serabi, talam, pisang goreng keju, clorot dan lain sebagainya.
Pasar Kranggan juga dikenal dengan toko perhiasan emasnya, yang berada di lantai 1.
Shakoy

Shakoy (Cebuano: siyakoy; Tagalog: siyakoy; Hokkien Chinese: 油炸粿; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-chiā-kóe), also known as lubid-lubid ("little rope") or bicho bicho, is a traditional Filipino deep-fried twisted doughnut. It is traditionally made with flour, sugar, salt, and yeast and deep-fried. It is then sprinkled with white sugar. Variants of shakoy can also be made with other kinds of flour, most notably with rice flour, which results in a chewier version that is also usually coated with sesame seeds. Dry and crunchy versions of shakoy, which are usually much smaller, are known as pilipit.
These types of twisted doughnuts also have versions in different countries. Like the Kkwabaegi of Korea, Mahua in China and Taiwan, and Treccia in Italy.
Shakoy is often enjoyed as a snack or a dessert, and it is also served for breakfast.
Leeds

Leeds ni mji katika kaskazini ya Uingereza na mji mkubwa wa tatu nchini mwenye wakazi 458,000 mjini penyewe ambao pamoja na rundiko la "Metropolitan Borough City of Leeds" wanafikia 700,000.
Leeds ilikua kuwa mji mkubwa wakati wa mapinduzi ya viwandani kama kitovu cha viwanda vya vitambaa na nguo. Siku hizi biashara kama benki na huduma za kila aina zimechukua nafasi ya kwanza.
Leeds imejulikana pia kutokana na Chuo Kikuu chake kilichoundwa mwaka 1904. Wanafunzi wengi kutoka Afrika walichukua masomo ya juu hapa wanaojulikana zaidi ni waandishi Wole Soyinka kutoka Nigeria na Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o wa Kenya.
Timu ya soka ya Leeds United imekuwa kati ya klabu muhimu za uingereza kwa miaka mingi.
Kamiti

Kamiti ni gereza kubwa lililoko Kenya, njia ya kwenda Kiambu. Hapa wengi waliokataa utawala wa kifua uliokuwa ukiendezwa na rais Moi walifungiwa hapa. Kwa muhtasari tu, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Koigi wa Wamwere walifungiwa hapa bila ya hatia na kutumikia vifungo hadi walipoachiliwa huru.
Hii ilikuwa njama ya kuwamaliza kimwili, kifikra na kimaisha ili watu wasierevuke na wabaki wakinyanyaswa na wakoloni weusi.
Kwa wakati huu Kamiti imekuwa gereza linalofungiwa watenda mabaya kama wezi wa kimabavu, wauaji na wabakaji. Hata kama watu Kamlesh Pattni aliyeifilisisha Kenya katika miaka ya 1990 wamekuwa wageni wa gereza hili, Ketan Somaia, na mjukuu wa Delamere yaani Cholmondeley wamepitia hapa.
Tofauti iliyoko hawa hatuwezi tukasema waliteswa bali hata kifungo walichopewa hakikulingana na hatia walizoshtakiwa.
A Grain of Wheat

A Grain of Wheat ni riwaya ya tatu na maarufu zaidi ya Ngugi wa Thiong'o, mwandishi kutoka Kenya.
Riwaya hii huchanganya hadithi kadhaa pamoja katika hali ya dharura nchini Kenya katika mapambano ya uhuru (1952-1959), unaolenga Mugo aliyekuwa mtulivu, ambaye maisha yake yalitawalwa kwa siri. Hadithi yenyewe inahusu nyumbani kwake katika maandalizi ya kijiji ya sherehe ya siku ya uhuru wa Kenya (siku ya Uhuru). Wapiganaji wa kundi la MAUMAU ambayo ilikuwa ikitumiwa na waafrika kama kundi kuu la kupinga Mkoloni,Mwanajeshi Mkuu R na Koinandu wanapanga tarehe ya kumuua hadharani ikiwa watampata msaliti ambaye aliyemsaliti Kihika (mpiganaji shujaa kutoka kijiji) miaka michache kabla ya Uhuru.
Ubelgiji

Ubelgiji (Belgiëkwa Kiholanzi, Belgique kwa Kifaransa na Belgien kwa Kijerumani), rasmi kama Ufalme wa Ubelgiji, ni nchi katika Ulaya ya Magharibi, inayopakana na Uholanzi kaskazini, Ujerumani mashariki, Luxembourg kusini-mashariki, Ufaransa kusini, na Bahari ya Kaskazini magharibi. Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 11.7, ikiwa ya 81 duniani. Jiji lake kubwa zaidi ni Brussels, ambalo pia ni mji mkuu. Ubelgiji imegawanyika katika majimbo 3—Flanders, Wallonia, na Brussels eneo Ubelgiji ina makao makuu ya Umoja wa Ulaya na NATO.
"Belgii" lilikuwa jina la wakazi wa kale wa kaskazini mwa Gallia, na Gallia Belgica ilikuwa jimbo la Dola la Roma.
Wakati wa Zama za Kati maeneo yake yalikuwa chini ya Dola Takatifu la Kiroma na tangu mwaka 1477 yalitawaliwa na nasaba ya Habsburg. Watawala hao walikuwa Wakatoliki, hivyo walizuia uenezaji wa Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti.
Hata hivyo mikoa ya kaskazini ilifaulu kwa njia ya vita kujipatia uhuru na kuanzisha Jamhuri ya Nchi za Chini (Uholanzi) tangu mwaka 1648. Mikoa iliyoendelea kuwa Ubelgiji ya baadaye ilibaki chini ya Habsburg hadi Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa na utawala wa Napoleon aliyeiingiza katika Ufaransa.
Baada ya Mkutano wa Vienna wa mwaka 1815 Ubelgiji iliunganishwa pamoja na Uholanzi kuwa sehemu ya Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na hapo ilikuwa sehemu ya kusini ya ufalme huo. Tofauti na sehemu za kaskazini, zilizokuwa na Waprotestanti wengi, mikoa ya Ubelgiji ilikaliwa na Wakatoliki. Tena, wenyeji wa mikoa ya kusini kabisa waliongea Kifaransa, na pia katika sehemu nyingine, ambako watu waliongea Kiholanzi, lugha ya Kifaransa ilikuwa lugha iliyopendwa na matabaka ya juu na wasomi.
Tofauti hizo za kiutamaduni zilichangia kati ya watu wa kusini hisia ya kubaguliwa na katika mapinduzi ya 1830 mikoa yao ilijitenga na Ufalme wa Muungano wa Nchi za Chini na kuanzisha ufalme mpya wa Ubelgiji.
Ubelgiji ni shirikisho la majimbo matatu:
Katika Wallonia kuna pia wilaya ambayo wakazi wanatumia hasa Kijerumani ambacho ni lugha ya tatu ya kitaifa.
Ushindani kama si chuki kati ya makundi hayo ndilo tatizo kuu la nchi.
Wenyeji (67.3%) wanatofautiana hasa kutokana na lugha: 59% wanaongea hasa Kiholanzi, 40% Kifaransa na 1% Kijerumani.
Wahamiaji wanaongea lugha mama zao: Kiarabu (3%), Kiitalia (2%), Kituruki (1%) n.k.
Kiingereza kinajulikana na 38% za wakazi.
Wakazi wengi ni Wakristo (63.7%), hasa wa Kanisa Katoliki (60.6%), lakini 5% tu wanashiriki ibada za kila wiki; Wakristo wengine ni Waprotestanti (2.1%) na Waorthodoksi (1.6%). Waislamu ni 7.4%. Asilimia 28 hawana dini yoyote.
Kavala

Kavala (kwa Kigiriki Καβάλα, Kavála; zamani Neapolis) ni mji wenye bandari katika Makedonia ya mashariki. Wakazi wake ni 54,027 (2011).
Kadiri ya Agano Jipya, mwaka 49 au 50 mji ulitembelewa na Mtume Paulo kutokana na njozi aliyoipata ikiwa na himizo la kuingia Ulaya ili kuwaletea Injili Wamakedonia (Mdo 16:9-10). Ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwake kufika Ulaya bara.
Matendo ya Mitume 16:11 kinasimulia hivi: "Basi tukang’oa nanga kutoka Troa, tukafika Samothrake kwa tanga moja, na siku ya pili tukafika Neapoli".
Nabii Mika

Nabii Mika, ambaye jina lake la Kiebrania מיכה linamaanisha "Nani kama Mungu?", alifanya kazi ya unabii wakati mmoja na Isaya (miaka 740-700 hivi K.K.), chini ya Yotamu, Ahazi na Hezekia, wafalme wa Yuda.
Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama mtakatifu, hasa tarehe 21 Desemba na 14 Agosti, lakini pia 14 Januari, 18 Januari na 31 Julai.
Ujumbe wake unajulikana kupitia kitabu chenye jina lake katika gombo la Manabii Wadogo (Kitabu cha Mika)
Humo tunasoma kwamba yeye, kama vile Isaya, alitetea haki za wanyonge (2:1-11), alipinga ibada za miungu na dhuluma pamoja na kutabiri adhabu.
Lakini hasa alilitabiria taifa teule juu ya Masiya, kwamba mfalme aliyeahidiwa tangu kale atazaliwa Bethlehemu (5:1-3), tunavyosoma katika Injili ya Mathayo kuhusu uzazi wa Yesu Kristo, na kwamba atachunga Israeli kwa nguvu ya Bwana.
Kaisarea Baharini

32°30′0″N 34°53′30″E﻿ / ﻿32.50000°N 34.89167°E﻿ / 32.50000; 34.89167
Kaisarea Baharini (kwa Kigiriki Παράλιος Καισάρεια, Parálios Kaisáreia) ulikuwa mji wa Palestina kuanzia mwaka 10 KK hadi 1265 BK.
Kwa sasa ni sehemu ya Hifadhi ya Taifa la Israeli katika bonde la Sharon.
Ulianzishwa na mfalme Herode Mkuu ukawa makao ya liwali wa Dola la Roma aliyetawala Palestina.
Baadaye ukawa kituo muhimu cha Ukristo, ambapo Mtume Petro alibatiza akida Korneli na familia yake (Mdo 10:1-11:18).
Ndipo alipoishi Filipo mwinjilisti (Mdo 8:40) ambaye alimkaribisha Mtume Paulo kwa siku kadhaa (Mdo 21:8-10) katika moja ya nafasi yake ya kupitia mjini huko (Mdo 9:30; 18:22).
Baadaye Paulo alikaa gerezani huko kwa zaidi ya miaka miwili akisubiri kuhukumiwa, mpaka alipokata rufaa kwa Kaisari Nero (23:23; 15:1-13).
Wanlov the Kubolor

Emmanuel Owusu-Bonsu (anajulikana kwa jina la kisanii Wanlov the Kubolor; alizaliwa Ploiesti, Romania, 8 Septemba 1980) ni mtu wa Ghana-Romania mwanamuziki na mwongozaji wa filamu aliyezaliwa na baba wa Kiakan na mama Mromania. Kubolor ni neno la lugha ya Kiga ambalo kimsingi linamaanisha mtoro, lakini linaweza kueleweka kuwa mzururaji.
Uislamu nchini Eritrea

Uislamu nchini Eritrea ni dini ya pili kwa wingi wa waumini ambayo inafuatwa sana baada ya Ukristo ikiwa na asilimia 36-48 za wakazi wote.
Imani hiyo iliwasili nchini Eritrea mapema sana, muda mfupi baada ya Hijira.
Uislamu nchini Ethiopia

Uislamu nchini Ethiopia ni dini ya pili kwa wingi wa waumini ambayo inafuatwa sana baada ya Ukristo.
Kwa mujibu wa sensa ya taifa ya mwaka wa 2007, kuna waumini zaidi ya milioni 25 (au 34% ya wakazi wote) ambao ni Waislamiu.
Uislamu ni dini yenye kundi la watu wengi ambao ni Wasomali, Wafar, Wargobba, Waharari, Waberta, Walaba, na Wasilt'e; pia wafuasi wengi miongoni mwao ni Wagurage na Waoromo.
Imani hiyo iliwasili nchini Ethiopia mapema sana, muda mfupi baada ya Hijira.
Kristos Samra

Kristos Samra (kwa Ge'ez: ክርስቶስ፡ሠምራ, Krəstos Śämra, yaani “Kristo anapendezwa naye"; aliishi katika karne ya 15 ) alikuwa mwanamke wa Ethiopia aliyeanzisha monasteri ya Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ethiopia baada ya kuishi katika ndoa na kuzaa watoto kumi.
Ni kati ya watakatifu zaidi ya 200 wazawa wa Ethiopia na kati ya wale wa kwanza katika wanawake 14.
Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na Kanisa lake kama mtakatifu.
Sikukuu yake huadhimishwa tarehe 30 Agosti.
Walugbara

Walugbara ni kabila la watu wanaoishi kaskazini mashariki mwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na kaskazini magharibi mwa Uganda, lakini pia kusini magharibi mwa Sudan Kusini.
Lugha ya wengi wao ni Kilugbara, mojawapo kati ya lugha za Kisudani na dini yao ni Ukristo, lakini pia Uislamu.
Ali Mazrui

Ali Al'amin Mazrui (24 Februari 1933 - 12 Oktoba 2014), alikuwa msomi, profesa, na mwandishi wa kisiasa wa Masomo ya Afrika na Kiislamu, na uhusiano wa Kaskazini-Kusini. Alizaliwa Mombasa, Kenya. Nafasi zake ni pamoja na Mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Utamaduni wa Kimataifa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Binghamton huko Binghamton, New York, na Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Afro-American na Afrika katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan. . Alitoa mfululizo wa makala ya televisheni Ya Waafrika: Urithi wa Tatu.
Mazrui alizaliwa tarehe 24 Februari 1933 huko Mombasa, Koloni la Kenya. Alikuwa mtoto wa Al-Amin Bin Ali Mazrui, Jaji Mkuu wa Kiislamu katika mahakama za Kadhi za Kenya Colony. Baba yake pia alikuwa msomi na mwandishi, na moja ya vitabu vyake vimetafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza na Hamza Yusuf kama "Maudhui ya Tabia", ambayo Ali alitoa utangulizi. Familia ya Mazrui ilikuwa familia tajiri na muhimu kihistoria nchini Kenya, baada ya hapo awali kuwa watawala wa Mombasa. Baba yake Ali alikuwa Chifu Kadhi wa Kenya, mamlaka ya juu zaidi juu ya sheria za Kiislamu
Mazrui alihudhuria shule ya msingi mjini Mombasa, ambako alikumbuka kuwa alijifunza Kiingereza hasa kushiriki katika midahalo rasmi, kabla ya kugeuza kipaji cha uandishi. Uandishi wa habari, kulingana na Mazrui, ilikuwa hatua ya kwanza aliyochukua barabara ya masomo. Mbali na Kiingereza, Mazrui pia alizungumza Kiswahili na Kiarabu.
Mazrui alianza kazi yake ya masomo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere nchini Uganda, ambako alikuwa na ndoto ya kuhudhuria tangu akiwa mtoto. Huko Makerere, Mazrui aliwahi kuwa profesa wa sayansi ya siasa, na akaanza kuchora sifa yake ya kimataifa. Mazrui alihisi kwamba miaka yake huko Makerere ilikuwa baadhi ya mambo muhimu na yenye tija katika maisha yake. Alimwambia mwandishi wa wasifu wake kwamba 1967,
Glosofobia

Glosofobia (kwa Kiingereza: glossophoby) ni hofu au dukuduku la kuzungumza hadharani.
Neno glosofobia linatokana na maneno ya Kigiriki γλῶσσα glōssa, likimaanisha ulimi na φόβος phobos, hofu.
Kitendo cha kuongea hadharani, iwe ni mbele ya kundi la watu wasiojulikana au mbele ya kundi la marafiki, ndio sababu inayompa wasiwasi mzungumzaji. Mzungumzaji anaweza kuongea bila matatizo mbele ya kundi la watu asiowajua, lakini akashindwa kuongea mbele ya marafiki au familia na kinyume chake. Baadhi huongea bila matatizo mbele ya kundi dogo na wengine hufanya hivyo mbele ya kundi kubwa.
Utafiti uliofanywa kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Tennessee Knoxville unaonyesha hali hii hutokana na wasiwawasi na hofu na hisia ya kutotulia.
Inakadiriwa kuwa alimia 75 ya watu wote huwa na kiwango fulani cha wasiwasi wanapozungumza hadharani. Hali hii isipopatiwa suluhisho huweza kudhuru ubora wa maisha, malengo ya ajira na maeneo mengine. Kwa mfano, malengo ya kielimu yanayohitaji kuzungumza hadharani yanaweza yasifikiwe. Hata hivyo, si wale wote wenye tatizo hili wanashindwa kukamilisha malengo ya ajira.
Utafiti uliofanywa na Garcia-Lopez, Diez-Bedmar na Almansa-Moreno umeonyesha kuwa wanafunzi waliowahi kufunzwa jinsi ya kuzungumza hadharani wanaweza kuwa walimu wa wanafunzi wengine kuwasaidia kuimarisha uwezo wao wa kuongea hadharani.
Kama Garcia-Lopez (2013) alivyotambua, dalili zake zinajumuisha kuongezeka kwa mapigo ya moyo, kukauka kwa mdomo, kupanuka kwa mboni za jicho, kutoka jasho, kutetemeka n.k. Dalili hizo huweza kuzuiliwa au kupungunzwa kwa kutumia dawa.
Kozi za kuzungumza hadharani au mashirika kama vile Australian Rostrum, Toastmasters International, POWERtalk International, na Association of Speakers Clubs huweza kusaidia watu kupunguza wasiwasi. Baadhi ya watu hutumia dawa kama vile beta blocker.
Wakati mwingine, wasiwasi huweza kupunguzwa kama mzungumzaji atajitahidi kutopambana na wasiwasi wake. Mzungumzaji anaweza kupunguza wasiwasi pia kama anafahamu vyema mada anayozungumzia. Inashauriwa pia mzungumzaji afanye mazoezi ya kuongea mbele ya kundi dogo la watu. Zaidi ya hiyo, mzungumzaji anaweza kuzungumza huku akiwatazama watu wanaosikiliza kwa makini na kiurafiki.
Edward Elgar

Sir Edward William Elgar (2 Juni 1857 - 23 Februari 1934) alikuwa mtunzi maarufu wa Opera kutoka nchini Uingereza.
Baba wa Elgar alikuwa akimiliki duka la kuuza vyombo vya muziki.
Mbali na kusomea mambo ya kupiga zeze la kizungu, yaani "violin", Elgar pia alijifunza mwenyewe namna ya kufanya muziki. Pia alijifunza namna ya kuchapisha-kuandika muziki katika duka la baba yake na mara nyingi walikuwa wakisafiri pamoja alipokuwa akienda kuseti vinanda kwa wateja walionunua.
Mwaka wa 1904 alipewa cheo cha "Sir" cha Uingereza.
Mwaka wa 1924 alitangazwa kuwa Mkuu wa Muziki wa Mfalme ("Master of the King's Music").
Lugha ya Ishara ya Plateau

Lugha ya Alama ya Plateau ni lugha ya alama ambayo haijarekodiwa vizuri na sasa imekwisha kutoweka, iliyokuwa ikitumika kihistoria katika eneo la Columbian Plateau. Taifa la Crow lilianzisha Lugha ya Alama ya Plains (Plains Sign Talk), ambayo ilichukua nafasi ya Lugha ya Alama ya Plateau miongoni mwa mataifa ya mashariki yaliyokuwa yakiitumia (kama vile Coeur d’Alene, Sanpoil, Okanagan, Thompson, Lakes, Shuswap, na Colville), huku mataifa ya magharibi kuanza kutumia Chinook Jargon.
Lugha za Khoisan

Lugha za Khoisan ni lugha za Afrika ambazo ni maalumu kwa fonimu zake nyingi sana (hadi 141), kuliko lugha nyingine zote duniani.
Zimeenea hasa Kusini mwa Afrika, lakini zinatumika pia katika wilaya ya Chemba, mkoa wa Dodoma, Tanzania ya kati.
Hii inaonyesha kwamba kabla ya uenezi wa makabila ya Kibantu, lugha hizo zilitawala barani Afrika kusini kwa ikweta.
Baadhi ya lugha hizo zimeshakufa na nyingine ziko hatarini. Karibu zote hazina maandishi.
Ile inayotumiwa na watu wengi zaidi (250,000 hivi) inaitwa Khoekhoe ("Nàmá") na inapatikana nchini Namibia. Inafuatwa na Kisandawe nchini Tanzania (40,000-80,000).
Hata hivyo siku hizi wataalamu wanakusha uwepo wa kundi hilo kubwa kwa sababu wanaona tofauti kati ya lugha hizo ni kubwa mno.
Sophie Oluwole

Sophie Bosede Oluwole (12 Mei 1935 – 23 Desemba 2018), alikuwa mwanafalsafa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Nigeria aliyepata shahada ya uzamivu au "PhD" katika fani ya falsafa.
Sophie Bosede Oluwole alizaliwa mwaka 1935 katika familia kutoka Edo. Alisoma shule pale Ife. Aliona mfumo wa elimu wa wakati ule ni mgumu kwa wasichana kwa sababu mtazamo wa maisha yao ulikuwa mikononi mwa wazazi, si mwao wenyewe.
Baadaye alisoma historia, jiografia na falsafa kwenye UNILAG (Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos) akaendelea kupata digrii ya kwanza katika falsafa. Mwaka 1972 aliajiriwa kama mhadhiri kwenye UNILAG akaendelea kutimiza masharti ya uzamivu kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan. Tangu mwaka 2002 alifundisha tena falsafa ya Kiafrika kwenye UNILAG.
Katika kazi yake alitumia urithi wa kiutamaduni na wa kidini wa Wayoruba. Alisisitiza kuwa urithi huo ulitangulia hata mafundisho ya Sokrates.
Aliaga dunia tarehe 23 Desemba 2018 akiwa na umri wa miaka 83.
Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ

Mũkoma wa Ngũgĩ (born 1971) is a Kenyan American poet, author, and academic. He is associate professor of literatures in English at Cornell University and co-founder of the Safal-Cornell Kiswahili Prize for African Writing. His father is the author Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. His family was deeply impacted by the British suppression of the Mau Mau revolution.
Mũkoma was born in 1971 in Evanston, Illinois, US, but raised in Kenya, before returning to the United States for his university education. He holds a BA in political science from Albright College and an MA in creative writing from Boston University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where he specialized in how questions of authorized and unauthorized English, or standard and non-standard English, influenced literary aesthetics in Romantic Britain and Independence-Era Africa.
He is an associate professor of English at Cornell University.
He is the author of several books, including Conversing with Africa: Politics of Change (2003, described by New Internationalist as "a wide-ranging investigation of Africa's dilemmas"), Hurling Words at Consciousness (poetry, Africa World Press, 2006) and Nairobi Heat (novel, 2009). His most recent book is The Rise of the African Novel: Politics of Language, Identity, and Ownership (2018).
His short story "How Kamau Wa Mwangi Escaped into Exile" was shortlisted for the Caine Prize in 2009 and is included in the anthology Work in Progress - And Other Stories (Caine Prize: Annual Prize for African Writing) (New Internationalist, 2009). His work was also shortlisted for the 2010 Penguin Prize for African Writing.
He has published poems in Tin House Magazine, Chimurenga, Brick magazine, Smartish Pace, and Teeth in the Wind, One Hundred Days (Barque Press); New Black Writing (John Wiley and Sons); Réflexions sur le Génocide rwandais/Ten Years Later: Reflections on the Rwandan Genocide (L'Harmattan). Some of his poems have been archived on Badilisha Poetry X-Change.
Mũkoma is a columnist for BBC Focus on Africa magazine and former co-editor of Pambazuka News. In addition, he has published political essays and columns in the LA Times, Radical History Review, World Literature Today, Mail and Guardian, Zimbabwe’s Herald, Kenya’s Daily Nation, The EastAfrican, Kwani? journal, and zmag.org among other publications.
Mũkoma stated that with Queen Elizabeth II's death, there needs to be a “dismantling” of the Commonwealth and a real reckoning with colonial abuses.
With two Cornell graduate students, Sriram Parasurama and Momodou Taal, who holds UK and Gambian citizenship, Mũkoma is a plaintiff in a lawsuit filed by the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee to block the enforcement of executive orders by President Donald Trump through deportation of foreign students and staff in higher education who were involved in pro-Palestinian protests.
The Literary Conference

The Literary Conference is a novella by the Argentinean writer César Aira. The book follows the adventures of Aira as he attends a literary conference while attempting to take over the world by growing an army of Carlos Fuentes clones. Aira also pines for a beautiful woman from his past and must contend with unintended consequences of his cloning experiments that lead to catastrophe.
Critics have lauded The Literary Conference for its startling blend of science fiction, baroque surrealism, metaphysical incongruities, and hoary genre conventions borrowed from old B movies.
The original Spanish-language edition of the book was published by Tusquets in Argentina in 1997 under the title "El congreso de Literatura". In 2006, an English translation by Katherine Silver was published by New Directions.
Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan

Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan (All India Marathi Literary Conference) is an annual conference for literary discussions by Marathi writers. Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra State. The first Marathi Sahitya Sammelan was held in Pune in 1878 under the chairmanship of Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade.
Following is the list of the conferences with year and venue:
Only six women have been the presidents of the Sammelan to date:
Discussion group

A discussion group is a group of individuals, typically who share a similar interest, who gather either formally or informally to discuss ideas, solve problems, or make comments. Common methods of conversing including meeting in person, conducting conference calls, using text messaging, or using a website such as an Internet forum. People respond, add comments, and make posts on such forums, as well as on established mailing lists, in news groups, or in IRC channels. Other group members could choose to respond by posting text or image.
Discussion group was evolved from USENET which is a traced back to early 80's. Two computer scientists Jim Ellis and Tom Truscott founded the idea of setting a system of rules to produce "articles", and then send back to their parallel news group. Fundamentally, the form of discussion group was generated on the concept of USENET, which emphasised ways of communication via email and web forums. Gradually, USENET had developed to be a system of channels which provide notifications and "articles" to meet general public's needs. Nowadays, World Wide Web gradually takes on the major role of supporting and extending platforms for discussion group on the Internet by setting up various web servers.
Small-Group Discussions, consisting of a minimum of three and maximum of about 20 people, have been found to be more effective in medical teaching.
Google Groups has become one of the major online discussion groups, with a wide range of worldwide frequent users. Features include:
Facebook groups simplify processes and protect the privacy of users when they interact with people. Users can create a group and delegate admins. Group admins are able to make a range of adjustments to the group page, such as changing its cover photo, moderating posts and comments, and pinning posts so that they permanently appear at the top of the group page. Admins can also create group events, news updates and manage group members. By default, groups are public, and anyone can join them at the discretion of that group's admins. However, groups may be marked as private — a user may only join such a group if an existing member sends them an invitation. A single user is capable of joining a maximum of 6000 groups.
WhatsApp is a mobile messaging app with group discussion features. Users can create group chats to facilitate group discussions. By default, all group members are admins of that group, but this may be changed at the discretion of any existing admin. Admins have the ability to rename the group, add and remove members, and delete messages that have been sent to the group.
Khabzela: The Life And Times Of A South African

Khabzela: The Life And Times Of A South African is a bestselling 2005 biography written by South African author Liz McGregor about South African disc jockey Fana Khaba (known as "Khabzela"), who died from AIDS.
Khabzela was popular among listeners of Yfm, a youth radio station in Gauteng.
The book recounts how the author, Liz McGregor, was asked while working as a freelance journalist for Poz magazine to write a story about a black celebrity infected with HIV. When Khabzela announced on the radio in April 2003 that he was infected, he seemed to make an ideal subject. McGregor interviewed him, wrote the story for Poz, and then went on to write the biography because, as she put it, the story "got under my skin".
McGregor tells how Khabzela rose to fame in post-apartheid South Africa, enjoying relative fame and wealth and leading a hedonistic and promiscuous lifestyle. Following his infection with HIV, Khabzela initially took antiretroviral medications but then, beset by a "bevy of faith healers and purveyors of magical drugs", he was persuaded to abandon his treatment and pursue quack remedies instead. Khabzela died in January 2004.
Towards the end of the book, McGregor includes the medical records detailing Khabzela's final days. Shula Marks calls these "stark and terrifying".
For Shula Marks, the biography shows that ambivalence towards medical treatment of AIDS was not just the result of the dubious dictates of the Thabo Mbeki government, but also stemmed from ingrained attitudes in the wider South African public.
Maurice Taonezvi Vambe and Anthony Chennells write that Khabzela raises interesting questions about the boundary between biography and autobiography, since it describes not only the subject's life but also recounts the author's experiences of meeting him.
Nogwaja Shadrack Zulu writes that beyond the surface narrative of the biography, the book explores the politics around AIDS in 1990s South Africa and raises questions about the consequences of AIDS denialism at that time. Zulu considers that the biography refocuses on AIDS as predominantly a medical issue and acts as a critique of the deceptive "African solution" whereby ineffective remedies – such as the African potato – were touted by governmental authorities as an effective form of treatment.
Jonny Steinberg sees the book as "investigative" and writes that it "lays open what is perhaps the most upsetting aspect of the [AIDS] pandemic" – that even though the subject is talked of openly, it is something South Africa failed to engage with effectively.
Gavin Steingo writes the McGregor cannot understand why Khabzela pursued a course that ended in his own death, and finds her proffered explanations – that he craved independence or wanted to retain the added attention that his illness brought – unconvincing.
100 Greatest African Americans

100 Greatest African Americans is a biographical dictionary of one hundred historically great Black Americans (in alphabetical order; that is, they are not ranked), as assessed by Temple University professor Molefi Kete Asante in 2002. A similar book was written by Columbus Salley. First published in 1992, Salley's book is titled The Black 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential African-Americans, Past and Present.
Asante used five factors in establishing the list:
Reference and User Services Quarterly reviewed the list positively in 2003, while noting the subjectivity in judging greatness, particularly for contemporary individuals. A review in Booklist that same year states that Asante "makes it very clear that he left out numerous current popular people because he feels the hype around the pop persona is not what makes an individual important ... Each portrait covers two to four pages that summarize the person’s life, work, and importance and is accompanied by a black-and-white photograph or illustration."
The list in alphabetical order, as published Asante's 2002 book:
Zedekiah (name)

Zedekiah (Hebrew: צדקיהו, romanized: Ṣiḏqiyyāhû, lit. 'God is my righteousness') is a masculine given name of Hebrew origins. It is most commonly associated with Zedekiah (c. 618 BC–after 586 BC), a Biblical figure and the last monarch of the Kingdom of Judah. The name is also used by the following:
Sal y pimienta (programa de televisión chileno)

Sal y pimienta fue un programa de televisión emitido por Mega entre 1994 y 1997, convirtiéndose en el primer estelar de la estación televisiva. Fue conducido por Antonio Vodanovic y a lo largo de sus temporadas tuvo a diversos coanimadores.
En febrero de 1994, y tras 17 años en Televisión Nacional de Chile, el conductor Antonio Vodanovic llegó a Megavisión para conducir el Festival de Viña del Mar.​ El resto del año se haría cargo de un programa estelar que fue titulado Sal y pimienta, donde además ejerció como productor ejecutivo.
Se estrenó el lunes 13 de junio de 1994 con el eslogan La televisión con sabor pues su principal atracción era ser el primer estelar culinario de la televisión chilena. Vodanovic contó con la coanimación de Susana Palomino y la activa participación del reconocido chef Coco Pacheco,​ quien cocinaba junto a los invitados. También participaron la crítica gastronómica Soledad Martínez y el grupo Contrapunto.
Al igual que otros estelares de la época, Sal y pimienta se caracterizó por contar con invitados internacionales. Recordado es un capítulo donde coincidieron la actriz mexicana Salma Hayek y el cantante puertorriqueño Ricky Martin.​ En otra oportunidad Charly García se presentó junto a la argentina María Gabriela Epumer.​
Para la temporada de 1996 se realizaron cambios al formato, desapareciendo la gastronomía y apostando por el lema Juegos de seducción. Se sumaron como coanimadores Paola Falcone, Estela Mora, Dino Gordillo y Jorge "Chino" Navarrete. A partir de la conversación surgían juegos entre hombres ("Sal") y mujeres ("Pimienta"). Además, el dúo humorístico Dinamita Show estuvo de manera estable, mientras que el elenco del Jappening con ja participó recurrentemente. Fue la temporada más exitosa con un promedio de 23,4 puntos.
La última temporada fue en 1997, con énfasis en los juegos y el humor. El panel estuvo conformado por Dino Gordillo, la modelo argentina Karina Laskarín y la actriz española Pilar Oribe, quienes representaban la S, la Y y la P, respectivamente. Cada uno competía junto a un invitado. Debido a la ausencia de Dinamita Show, el humor estuvo a cargo de Palta Meléndez y la dupla de Soledad Pérez con Patricia Irribarra. Debido a un recorte presupuestario, casi no hubo invitados internacionales.
Janak Palta McGilligan

Janak Palta McGilligan is an Indian Padma Shri recipient social worker and the founder-director of Jimmy McGilligan Centre For Sustainable Development, an Indore-based non governmental organisation working for sustainable community development. She is also a former founder-director of Barli Development Institute for Rural Women.
Janak Palta McGilligan, was born in a Punjabi family and grew up in Chandigarh. She secured a master's degree (MA) in English literature, political science, Sangeet Visharad in Sitar, an MPhil in political science with distinction, and a Ph.D. During and after her studies, she worked at various places such as the Provident Fund office, at the High Court and at the Centre for Rural and Industrial Development. She married James McGilligan, an Irishman, and they served and developed Barli Development Institute for Rural Women as Baha'i pioneers.
Janak Palta was director of this institute for 26 years from the day of its establishment 1 June 1985 until she took retirement on 16 April 2011.
Janak Palta McGilligan is the founder-director of the board of directors of the Barli Development Institute For Rural Women and continues to serve as one of the directors of the board of the institute.
She has been serving as a director of the Jimmy McGilligan Centre For Sustainable Development.
She is a global advisor (member of the advisory board of Solar Cookers International in Sacramento, Cal. Co-founder of Jaivik Setu in Indore.
She is an honorary secretary of Sangini Cancer Care society Indore, dedicated to breast cancer patients since 2007.
Has been member of management board of Chitrakoot University. Has also been associated with UNICEF as resource person for the National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development IIM Indore, IIT BHU, Prestige Institute of Management Indore, Indus World School, Choithram International School, Pragya Girls School, MGM Medical College, Indore Dental College and Hospital.
Books:
McGilligan has written a book on Barli Development Institute for Rural Women. which has been published by GR Books in Oxford, London,
Curriculum
She has developed seven curriculum books:
Ulta Palta 69

Ulta Palta 69 is a 2007 Bangladeshi action thriller film directed and produced by Malek Afsary. It stars Manna, Purnima, Nasir Khan and Asif Iqbal in the lead roles. It is a remake of the Telugu film Vikramarkudu.
Manna Dujoya (Manna) is a small-time thief and crook who is crazy about acts of daredevilry who falls in love with Poorna (Purnima) who is in Dhaka to attend a marriage. Dujoya makes his way into her heart and she also starts loving him. Dujoya tells her the truth about him being a thief and resolves to give up crime forever. But before that, he decides to swindle one last person for a large sum of money along with his con-friend Duvva. He tricks a woman on a railway station and flees with a trunk. This leads Dujoya to Neha (Baby Tina), a young girl who was in the trunk instead of the wealth he thought was in the trunk, who thinks that Dujoya is her father. Flummoxed by what is happening, but forced to keep Neha with her as a police officer Inspector keeps his eye on him.
Although he tries keeping neha away from Poorna's eyes, the latter finds out about Neha. Angry and hurt, Poorna leaves for her place leaving Dujoya heartbroken. Soon, unknown goons attack him, taking him to be a latter named ASP Lohmal Bijoy (also Manna), Neha's real father. Bijoy looks exactly like Dujoya which had caused all the confusion. While many unknown persons help Dujoya run to safety with Neha in his arms, he is soon surrounded by the goons. It is then that Bijoy makes an appearance and saves the day killing every goon by himself using a sharp gear. But Bijoy soon dies suffering from injuries.
The other policemen who had assisted the ASP then inform Dujoya of the whole incident. In a village near Dhaka, Debgarh, an MLA, Bapji used to trouble and torture people and also annex money from them. His son Munna used to rape the wives of policemen. Bijoy immediately arrested him and also made him mentally insane. Munna humiliates police by removing their clothes but was killed by Bijoy when he was hung from a tree by the belt of a humiliated inspector. Bijoy was attacked by Bapji's brother Titla on Dusshehra where he was stabbed from the back as well as shot in the head while trying to save a village child and was assumed to be dead. But he survived with a brain injury although the goons assumed that he is dead. Effects of this brain injury are later visible and these effects are diminished by water falling on his head.
Dujoya then adopts Neha, who does not know that her father is dead. Then Dujoya returns to Debgarh posing as ASP Lohmal Bijoy and heads to settle the scores with Bapji. Duvva tells Poorna the truth and she forgives Dujoya. Dujoya, being a goon handles Bapji well with tricks. He sets Bapji's wine factory on fire and makes the villagers rob his food store. A fight ensues in which he defeats all of Bapji's men alone. In the end, he fights with Titla on a rope bridge. Dujoya ties the rope and cuts the rope and Titla fall to death. Dujoya marries Poorna and they leave for a new life with Neha and Duvva.
Sri Mulyani Indrawati

Sri Mulyani Indrawati (lair ing Bandar Lampung, Lampung, 26 Agustus 1962; umur 62 taun) iku wanita sisan wong Indonésia pisanan sing njabat dadi Direktur Pelaksana Bank Donya. Jabatan iki bakal diemban wiwit 1 Juni 2010. Sadurungé, Sri Mulyani njabat Mantri Kauangan Kabinèt Indonésia Bersatu. Sadurungé mengku kalungguhan minangka Mantri kauangan, Sri Mulyani njabat Mantri Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Kepala Bappenas ing Kabinèt Indonésia Bersatu. Sri Mulyani sadurungé dikenal minangka pengamat ékonomi ing Indonésia. Dhèwèké njabat Kepala Lembaga Penyelidikan Ékonomi lan Masarakat Fakultas Ékonomi Universitas Indonésia (LPEM FEUI) wiwit Juni 1998. Ing tanggal 5 Dhésèmber 2005, nalika Présidhèn Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono mbiwara perombakan Kabinèt, Sri Mulyani dipindhah dadi Mantri Kauangan nggantèkaké Jusuf Anwar. Wiwit taun 2008, Sri Mulyani njabat Pelaksana Tugas Mantri Koordinator Babagan Perekonomian, sawisé Menko Perékonomian Dr. Boediono dilantik dadi Gubernur Bank Indonésia.
Sri Mulyani dinobataké minangka Mantri Kauangan paling apik ing Asia kanggo taun 2006 déning Emerging Markets ing tanggal 18 September 2006 sajeroning Sidang Taunan Bank Donya lan IMF ing Singapura. Sri Mulyani uga kapilih minangka wanita paling duwé prabawa angka 23 ing donya versi kalawarta Forbes taun 2008 lan wanita paling duwé prabawa angka 2 ing Indonésia versi kalawarta Globe Asia sasi Oktober 2007.
Lewis Arquette

Lewis Michael Arquette (14 Désèmber taun 1935 – 10 Fèbruari taun 2001) dhèwèké iku paraga lanang, panulis lan prodhuser. Arquette dikenal nalika main dadi "J.D. Pickett" ing sèri TV, The Waltons, sing dhèwèké makarya saka taun 1978 – tekan 1981.
Arquette lair ing Chicago, Illinois, anaké Mildred Nesbitt Le May lan paraga lanang Cliff Arquette. Dhèwèké bangga duwé gegayutan karo explorer Meriwether Lewis, mulané dhèwèké dijenengi iku. Jeneng kulawarga asliné iku "Arcouet", sing asalé saka keturunan Prancis-Kanada. dhèwèké iku dadi péranganing kulawarga sing misuwur, minangka dadi anaké paraga lanang Cliff Arquette lan dadi bapaké paraga filem Patricia, Alexis, Rosanna, David, lan Richmond Arquette. Dhèwèké iku bapak tiriné paraga wédok Courteney Cox, pan paraga lanang Thomas Jane lan Nicolas Cage. Arquette kadhang kala metu ing filem bareng karo anaké.
Aluh-Aluh, Banjar

[[Kategori:Aluh-Aluh, {{{nama dati2}}}]] [[Kategori:kacamatan ing {{{provinsi}}}]] [[Kategori:kacamatan ing Kabupatèn Banjar {{{nama dati2}}}]] Aluh-Aluh iku kacamatan ing Kabupatèn Banjar, Provinsi Kalimantan Kidul, Indonésia.
Kacamatan iki wewatesan:
Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (Indonesia)

The Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Kementerian Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah) is a ministry that organizes government affairs in the field of small and medium enterprises and the micro business government sub-department which is the scope of government affairs in the field of small and medium enterprises.
This ministry was established by Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto in the Red and White Cabinet in October 2024.
The ministry has the task of organizing government affairs in the field of small and medium enterprises and the sub-ruling of micro-enterprise government which is the scope of government affairs in the field of small and medium enterprises to assist the President in organizing the government of the country. The ministry carries out the following functions:
The organizational structure of the Ministry consists of:
Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria

Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) is a Nigerian agency that works towards assisting small and medium scale enterprises to overcome poor infrastructure in the management of business operations and accessing financial services. The former director general of the agency, Umar Dikko Radda, left in April 2022 to pursue a political career. He was replaced by Charles Odii.
On February 9, 2013, SMEDAN signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Industry of Indonesia's Directorate-General of Small and Medium Industries. The MoU is for cooperation in enterprises development between the two countries and inviting Indonesian investors to Nigeria.
In October 2022, the agency organized a packaging and branding programme for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) products with the main objective of exposing them to possibilities within the African Continental Free Trade Area. In April 2023, in collaboration with Niger State, SMEDAN organized a cluster empowerment programme in Minna for businesses involved in the production and marketing of shea butter. The organization has partnered with Bloc, a company that provides tools and software for financial services management targeted at the small and medium sized enterprises for internal processes and for serving their clients.