davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
புரோ கபடி கூட்டிணைவு

புரோ கபடி கூட்டிணைவு (Pro Kabaddi League, PKL) இந்தியாவில் இந்தியன் பிரீமியர் லீக்கை ஒத்த வடிவமைப்பில் விளையாடப்படும் தொழில்முறை சடுகுடு கூட்டிணைவு போட்டிகளாகும். இதன் முதற் பதிப்பு போட்டிகள் 26 சூலை 2014 முதல் விளையாடப்படுகின்றன; இதில் உலகெங்கும் இருந்து விளையாட்டு வீரர்கள் பங்கேற்கும் பன்னிரெண்டு உரிமம் பெற்ற சங்கங்கள் போட்டியிடுகின்றன. இந்தப் போட்டிகளை தற்சமயம் மசால் இசுபோர்ட்சு நிறுவனத்தின் மேலாண் இயக்குநர் சாரு சர்மா மேற்பார்வையிட்டு வருகிறார்.
இந்தியாவில் கபடி

சடுகுடு அல்லது கபடி என்பது இந்தியாவில் ஊரக மக்களால் விளையாடப்படும் பரவலான விளையாட்டாகும். இது போர்ப்பயிற்சிக்காகவும் பொழுதுபோக்காகவும் குழுக்கள் உடற்தொட்டு ஆடும் விளையாட்டாகும்.
[[பகுப்பு:சடுகுடு]
Punjab Stadium

The Punjab Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Lahore, Pakistan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as one of the home venues for the Pakistan national football team. The stadium has a capacity of around 10,000 spectators. It is owned and operated by the Punjab Sports Board.
The construction of the multi-purpose stadium started in 1999 aimed to host the National Games of Pakistan. The Government of Punjab gave Rs 110 million for the project to the Lahore Development Authority before the start of the work. After failure to complete the stadium before the commencement of the National Games, the project received several extensions until the venue finally hosted the Punjab Games in 2003.
Apart from being one of the main venues of several national sports events such as the National Games of Pakistan or football events such as the Pakistan Premier League, PFF League, PFF National Challenge Cup and the National Women Football Championship, the stadium has been a regular home venue for the Pakistan national football team since the 2000s.
In June 2005, it hosted its first international football match, where Pakistan won against India by 3–0. In 2006, the stadium hosted Pakistan's Asian Cup qualifier match against Jordan. The next year, it hosted 13 of the 15 matches of the AFC President's Cup. In October 2007, it hosted the first leg of Pakistan's FIFA World Cup qualifier against Iraq.
On 1 March 2011, the stadium hosted a friendly match against Palestine, which the hosts lost by 2–1. Eight days later, it hosted the second leg of the Pakistan under-23 team during the Olympic football Asian qualifiers against Malaysia, which ended 0-0. 7,000 spectators attended the match. Four months later, on 3 July 2011, it hosted the second leg of Pakistan's World Cup qualifier against Bangladesh, which ended in a goalless draw.
In May 2012, it hosted all Group A fixtures of the 2012 AFC President's Cup. As part of the Punjab International Sports Festival, the stadium hosted the Chief Minister Punjab International Football Cup 2012 in November, which was won by Serbian club FK Bor. On 12 October 2014, it hosted a friendly against Palestine, which Pakistan lost 2–0. A few months later, on 6 February 2015, it hosted another friendly against Afghanistan, which Pakistan won 2–1.
After years of inactivity due to the ban on Pakistan Football Federation by FIFA, and after 11 years since Pakistan ever held an international football event, the stadium was considered as one of the potential venues for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification on 17 October 2023. However, the qualifier was eventually played at Jinnah Sports Stadium in Islamabad after Punjab Stadium was deemed to be falling short of FIFA standards.
In addition to these events, Punjab Stadium has been a venue for various national sports competitions and cultural festivals, contributing to Lahore's vibrant sports scene.
Bithiri Sathi

Chevella Ravi Kumar (born 5 April 1979) known for his TV pseudonym, Bithiri Sathi, is an Indian TV anchor, reporter and actor. Bithiri Sathi, a title character played by him, is part of the daily news, Teenmaar News, on Telugu news channel, V6 News. His news program is a parody on current affairs, politicians and entertainment industry which runs for 8–10 minutes. It is a huge hit for the channel. He became a YouTube sensation with Telugu audience and has millions of hits for his programs.
Kavali Ravi Kumar (birth name) was born in Pamena village Chevella mandal in Ranga Reddy, Telangana to Yadamma and Kavali Narsimhulu. His father was a drama performer (Bagotham and yakshagana) in the villages. He studied till 5th standard in his village and went to Chevella for high school education. He discontinued education after his intermediate. He was a good mimicry artist and was good at imitating and making fun of people. He became popular among his friends and known circle, and was encouraged to pursue a career in acting in Hyderabad.
Ravi moved to Hyderabad to pursue a career in acting but struggled as was rejected. He worked small jobs to make a living. He finally made his TV debut on Zee Telugu show, Comedy Club, a comedy show with 6–8 participants, and imitation of Tollywood and popular culture personalities. He did well in imitating Tollywood characters.
He started working with Telugu news channel, 6 TV, and did the program, Odavani Muchata and Mana Ooru. He interviewed celebrities and visited remote villages in an old man's attire. It was well received by the audience. He worked for two years until he moved to V6 news channel.
His character, Bithiri Sathi, is part of a daily news parody show on V6 News, Theen Maar News. His role along with the host, Savithri, is funny and asks hilarious questions in a vernacular Telangana dialect.
He developed Bithiri Sathi character, by closely watching two people in Chevella with specially challenged condition. He learnt their true nature, behavior and interaction with the people. Bithiri in Telugu means immature minded person.
He made his Tollywood debut with a side role in 2007 Telugu movie, Seema Sastry. He acted in three movies in 2017. His performance during the audio launch for the film, Nene Raju Nene Mantri, was well received. He did a rap song for 2017 New Year's Eve called as Anti- Virus, and was released on 29 December 2017 on YouTube.
Enero

Ang Enero ay ang unang buwan ng taon sa kalendaryong Gregoryano at Juliyano at ang una sa pitong buwan na may habang 31 araw. Kilala ang unang araw ng buwan bilang ang Araw ng Bagong Taon. Ito ang, sa katamtaman, ang pinakamalamig na buwan ng taon sa karamihan sa Hilagang Emisperyo (kung saan ito ang ikalawang buwan ng tagniyebe) at ang pinakamainit na buwan ng taon sa Timog Emisperyo (kung saan ito ang ikalawang buwan ng tag-araw). Sa Timog Emisperyo, ang Enero ay ang katumbas na panahon ng Hulyo sa Hilagang Emisperyo at ang kabaligtaran nito sa isa't isa.
Hinango ng Tagalog ang "Enero" mula sa Kastila na "Enero" na mula sa medyebal na Kastilang "janero" na mula bulgar na Latin na jānuāirō. Sa orihinal na Latin, Ianuarius ang Enero na ipinangalan kay Jano, ang diyos ng mga simula at mga transisyon sa mitolohiyang Romano.
Sa tradisyon, binubuo ang orihinal na kalendaryong Romano ng 10 buwan na may kabuuang 304 araw, na tinuturing ang tagniyebe bilang panahon na walang buwan. Noong mga 713 BC, ang semi-mitikong kahalili ni Romulus, si Haring Numa Pompilio, ay diumanong dinagdag ang mga buwan ng Enero at Pebrero, upang masasakop ng kalendaryo ang pamantayang taon na lunar (354 araw). Bagaman Marso ang orihinal na unang buwan sa lumang kalendaryong Romano, naging Enero ang unang buwan ng taon sa kalendaryo alinman dahil sa ilalim ni Numa o sa ilalim ng Desenbirato noong mga 450 BC (magkakaiba ang mga manunulat na Romano).
Granate ang birthstone o batong-kapanganakan ng Enero, na kinakatawan ang katatagan. Ang bulaklak-kapanganakan ay ang kulay rosas na Dianthus caryophyllus, galanthus o tradisyunal na klabel. Ang mga senyas ng sodyak ay Capricornio (hanggang Enero 19) at Acuario (Enero 20 pataas).
Hindi kinakailangan ang talang ito na magpahiwatig ng aliman sa katayuang opisyal o pangkalahatang pagdiriwang.
Milan

Ang Milan (Italyano: Milano) ay isang lungsod sa Italya at kabisera ng rehiyon ng Lombardia at ng Kalakhang Lungsod ng Milan. Ang loob ng lungsod ay may populasyong kulang-kulang na 1,315,000; ang lungsod at kalakhan nito ay ang ikalawang pinakamalaki sa Italya (sumunod sa Kalakhang Roma), at ang populasyon ng lalawigan ng Milan ay 3,123,205.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Italya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
YouTube

Ang YouTube ay isang website na nagbabahagi ng mga bidyo at nagbibigay-daan para sa mga tagagagamit o user nito na mag-upload, makita, at ibahagi ang mga bidyo clip. Ang mga bidyo na ito ay maaaring husgahan; ang dami ng husga at ng mga nakanood ay parehong nakalathala. Maaari ring mag-iwan ng komento ang mga manonood sa karamihan ng video.
Ang YouTube ay sinimulan ng dating mga empleyado ng PayPal na sina Steve Chen, Chad Hurley at Jawed Karim. Noong 2006, binili ito ng Google at naging sangay ng kumpanya. Nagsimula ang istorya sa paggawa ng YouTube noong ang tatlong magkakaibigan ay nahihirapan sa pagpasa ng mga video ng isang dinner party sa bahay ni Chen sa San Francisco, California. Ang pinakaunang video na nai-upload sa YouTube ay pinamagatang Me at the zoo na kung saan mapapanood si Jawed Karim na nasa San Diego Zoo sa San Diego, California.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Agham ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Oliveto Citra

Ang Oliveto Citra (Campano: 'U Luit) ay isang komuna sa lalawigan ng Salerno sa rehiyon ng Campania sa timog-kanlurang Italya. Ito ay matatagpuan 55 kilometro (34 mi) sa pamamagitan ng kalsada hilagang-silangan ng Salerno. Noong 2016, ang comune ay may 3,802 na naninirahan at sumasaklaw sa isang lugar na 31.62 square kilometre (12.21 mi kuw).
Ang comune ay naglalaman ng isang ika-11-12 siglong kastilyo, ang Castello Guerritore. Isang lumang batong daanan ang humahantong sa kastilyo mula sa Piazza Garibaldi. Ang mga pangunahing simbahan ay ang Chiesa di Santa Maria della Misericordia (1775), Chiesa Madonna delle Grazie (1497), at Santuario Madonna della Consolazione (ika-17 siglo).
Kapisanan ni Hesus

Ang Kapisanan ni Hesus (Ingles: Society of Jesus; Latin: Societas Iesu), mas kilala sa tawag na "Heswita" (Jesuit), ay isang relihiyosong orden ng Romano Katoliko. Itinatag noong 1534 ng isang pangkat ng mag-aaral ng Pamantasan ng Paris na pinangunahan ni San Iñigo Lopez de Loyola (St. Ignatius ng Loyola).
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Kristiyanismo ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Santo Niño, Samar

Santo Niño, officially the Municipality of Santo Niño (Waray: Bungto han Santo Niño; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Santo Niño; Tagalog: Bayan ng Santo Niño), is a municipality in the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,519 people.
Formerly known as Limbancauayan, it consists of the northern island of Camandag and the larger Santo Niño Island about 3.1 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the south. In between those two islands is the smaller Pilar Island. The municipality's poblacion (town center) is located in Santo Niño Island.
This town has an ancient Bisayan name Limbankawayan which derived from the word limba meaning red and kawayan means bamboo thus a red colored bamboo (phyllostachys iridescens) which is abundant during those days.
It was separated from Calbayog and made a pueblo and a parish by a Royal Decree of September 29, 1898. The Bishop of Cebu had recommended in 1895 that it achieve parish status, though final approval and confirmation was not relayed from Madrid through Manila until the year 1897.
Santo Niño consists of three islands: Santo Niño Island, Camandag Island and Pilar Island. These islands are located in the Samar Sea about 24 kilometers (15 mi) south-west of Calbayog on the main island of Samar.
The larger Santo Niño Island is about 18 kilometers (11 mi) north-west of Maripipi, Biliran province with an area of about 19.4 square kilometers (7.5 sq mi). Both islands are volcanic in origin with Santo Niño having the highest elevation in the municipality at 470 meters (1,540 ft).
The circular Camandag Island is located north of Santo Niño Island, about 3.1 kilometers (1.9 mi) shore to shore. It has area of about 9.8 square kilometers (3.8 sq mi) with an elevation of 429 meters (1,407 ft).
The smallest island of the municipality is located 2.3 kilometers (1.4 mi) off north-west of Santo Niño Island and about 3.5 kilometers (2.2 mi) south-west of Camandag Island. Pilar Island has an elevation of 145 feet (44 m).
Santo Niño is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
Poverty incidence of Santo Niño
There are no airports on the islands of Santo Niño and Camandag. The islands are reached by boats from the Port of Calbayog.
Geoff Raby

Geoffrey William "Geoff" Raby AO (born September 1953 in Melbourne) is an Australian economist and diplomat. He served as the Australian Ambassador to the People's Republic of China from February 2007 until August 2011. He is now the chairman and CEO of Geoff Raby and Associates, a Beijing-based business advisory firm. Raby currently sits on the board of an Australian subsidiary of Chinese state-run Yanzhou Coal Mining Company.
Raby was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours for "distinguished service to Australia-China relations through senior diplomatic roles, and to multilateral trade policy development".
Raby attended La Trobe University and graduated with bachelor's degree (Honours), a master's degree and a PhD in economics. He worked for the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in several positions as head of the Chinese Embassy's economics division (1986–1991), head of the Northeast Asia Analytical Unit (1991–1993), First Assistant Secretary, Trade Negotiations Division (1995–1998), Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the World Trade Organization (1998–2001) and First Assistant Secretary, International Organisations and Legal Division (2001–2002), Ambassador to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (2002–2004), and a Deputy Secretary of the Department (2002–2006). While based in Beijing from 1986 to 1991, he worked with Kevin Rudd, who served as Australia's Prime Minister and later Minister for Foreign Affairs while Raby was Ambassador to China.
He published a book concerning Australian economic history in 1996 entitled Making rural Australia: an economic history of technical and institutional creativity, 1788–1860.
Since retiring as Ambassador to China, Raby has founded the consulting firm Geoff Raby & Associates, a business advisory firm promoting successful business operations that span national borders, and working to influence both public and private policy makers. His client list includes Queensland Investment Corporation.,
Raby was appointed as the Beijing-based Executive Director of Riverstone Advisory Pty Ltd, an adviser to law firm Corrs Chambers Westgarth and co-chair of the firm's China practice, and a Vice-Chancellor's Professorial Fellow at Monash University. OceanaGold, and SmartTrans Holdings Ltd. He is also a senior advisor to strategic communications firm Kreab Gavin Anderson.
Suspicious Partner

Suspicious Partner (Korean: 수상한 파트너; RR: Susanghan Pateuneo) is a 2017 South Korean television series starring Ji Chang-wook and Nam Ji-hyun, with Choi Tae-joon and Kwon Nara. It aired on Seoul Broadcasting System from May 10 to July 13, 2017, at 22:00 (KST) on Wednesdays and Thursdays for 20 episodes.
While the show, during some weeks, managed to outperform its competitor in some categories, such as the 20-49 year old demographic, as well as streaming, popularity and brand reputation charts, it enjoyed modest viewership, while its competitor topped the ratings in its time slot.
The series is about Noh Ji-wook (Ji Chang-wook), a prosecutor, and Eun Bong-hee (Nam Ji-hyun), a prosecutor trainee. When a murderer strikes, Bong-hee suddenly finds herself as a suspect, and Noh Ji-wook then changes jobs to become a private attorney due to circumstances. The two work together on the case, finding out how deeply connected they are by their past.
The early working titles for the drama were Beware This Woman and Suspicious Romance. The first script reading took place April 4, 2017 at SBS Ilsan Production Center in Tanhyun, South Korea.
Both lead actors Ji Chang-wook and Nam Ji-hyun starred in Warrior Baek Dong-soo in 2011.
Bad Papa

Bad Papa (Korean: 배드파파; RR: Baedeupapa) is a South Korean television series starring Jang Hyuk, Son Yeo-eun and Shin Eun-soo. It is about the struggles of a father who chooses to become a bad person in order to be a good dad. It aired on MBC's Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 (KST) from October 1 to November 27, 2018.
Ji-cheol is an incompetent husband and dad. He was a detective who got suspended for allegedly taking a bribe. He can’t come up with their living expenses, let alone the rent. On top of that, his daughter gets into trouble and he has to come up with the settlement money. Cornered, Ji-cheol makes a dangerous decision. Having been a boxing champion in the past, he decides to participate in an illegal boxing match and take the prize money.
Celebrations (confectionery)

Celebrations is a miniature chocolate bar collection made by Mars, Incorporated, launched in 1997. It comprises miniature versions of full size Mars brands. Celebrations have the tagline "Share the joy", and were one of the first mixed box of chocolates in the United Kingdom to bring together confectionery which had been already released in one box or tin instead of introducing new, especially-created confectionery made exclusively for the UK market, by a major producer. Celebrations boxes are now sold in multiple countries which tend to have the same brands as the UK (Galaxy goes under Dove in most countries), but do differ in some circumstances. For example, Twix are not available in Celebrations boxes purchased in Australia.
The selection sold in the United Kingdom also previously had:
In some countries, the Milky Way Bar has been replaced, or is under limited edition. In these countries, it is usually replaced with Milky Way crispy rolls, which was introduced in 2017.
In the United States version, Milky Way and Galaxy were replaced with the American versions, and Maltesers Teasers is not a part of the selection.
On 3 November 2022 it was announced that Bounty bars would be removed from some labeled tubs in the UK after the manufacturers found that 40% of people hated them. A limited run of "No Bounty" tubs would be available, at 40 Tesco stores, in the weeks before Christmas. But a final decision had not been made after 18% of people named the Bounty as their favourite.
In Celebration

In Celebration is a 1975 British drama film directed by Lindsay Anderson and starring Brian Cox, Gabrielle Daye, Bill Owen, James Bolam, Alan Bates and Constance Chapman. It is based in the 1969 stage production of the same name by David Storey which was also directed by Anderson. The movie was produced and released as part of the American Film Theatre, which adapted theatrical works for a subscription-driven cinema series. It was meant to be shown theatrically with tickets sold in advance.
The film takes place in the Derbyshire mining town of Langwith. The Shaws' three sons have returned home to celebrate their 40th wedding anniversary. Mr. Shaw has been a coal miner for 49 years, and has only one year left until retirement. Mrs Shaw is the daughter of a pig breeder, meaning she came from a higher social class.
The parents urged their sons to abandon their father's trade in pursuit of professional careers, but the results have not been entirely positive. Andrew, the eldest, became a solicitor but has abandoned it to pursue painting. Colin, who was a Communist party member for a year, is now a prosperous but unfulfilled industrial relations manager for a car manufacturer, dealing with negotiations with the unions. The youngest brother, Steven, is a teacher, married with four children, and has abandoned a book he had been writing for several years.
The family go to an expensive restaurant, although the action is almost entirely in the couple's living room. A friendly neighbour is present for some of the scenes.
The film examines the tensions which develop over the course of one evening as the family reunite. The family recall unpleasant incidents, including a premarital pregnancy, physical abuse, child neglect, the death of the couple's first son, the mother's suicide attempt and the "turning out" (sending him to live with another family for a period of time when another sibling was born) of another son.
In order of appearance:
The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "The film version of In Celebration reunites the original cast with the original director, and their familiarity with the material shines through ... the drama is played out much as it was on the stage, and Anderson trains his camera on the actors with a theatre director's concern for the overall balance of a scene and the careful interaction of its motley participants. ... But despite the material's familiarity, the play has much cumulative power, with skeletons viciously dragged out of cupboards to the accompaniment of tersely poetic dialogue. Alan Bates has the hog-sized part as Andrew, the incessantly mocking and childish brother, but everyone has their moment of glory."
Vincent Canby, writing in The New York Times, praised Anderson for having "succeeded in making a very complete, full-bodied film of Mr. Storey's play without being tricky or intrusive…Mr. Anderson has also gotten terrific performances from everyone, especially Mr. Bates, Miss Chapman and Mr. Cox, as the most troubled of the Shaw sons."
New York Magazine wrote: "Anderson and a superb cast have made a harrowing and satisfying suspense drama."
Ronan Pensec

Ronan Pensec (Ronan ar Peñseg), (lesanvet "pinpin") ganet d'an 10 a viz Gouere 1963 e Douarnenez, a zo bet ur marc'hhouarner a-vicher etre 1985 ha 1997.
Krouet hag aozet e oa gantañ eus 1993 betek 2008 ar redadeg marc'houarn "La Ronan Pensec". Pal ar redadeg a oa dastum arc'hant evit an enklask a-enep ar SIDA.
Tro Italia 2011

Ar 94vet Tro Italia (pe Giro d'Italia ez-ofisiel) a voe dalc'het eus ar 7 betek an 29 a viz Mae 2011. Evit 150 vloaz unvaniezh Italia (anvet ivez ar Risorgimento) e oa bet dibabet kregiñ ar redadeg e Torino, kêr-benn Italia unvanet eus 1861 betek 1865. Alberto Contador eo an hini a erruas gant ar roched roz e Milano: evit an eil gwezh ez ae ar maout gant ar Spagnol.
En italik, anvioù ar varc'hhouarnerien vreizhat a gemer perzh er redadeg.
* Da-heul marv Wouter Weylandt e voe dibabet freuziñ ar pevare tennad. Kemeret o doe ar varc'hhouarnerien penn an hent da vont da Livorno a-benn enoriñ ar reder belgiat met ne voent ket renket.
Robbert de Greef

Robbert de Greef, ganet d'ar 27 a viz Eost 1991 hag aet da Anaon d'ar 25 a viz Ebrel 2019, a oa ur marc'hhouarner izelvroat a rede evit ar skipailh Alecto Cycling Team. D'ar 1añ a viz Ebrel 2019, pa oa o redek ar redadeg Omloop van de Braakman, en doa bet un taol-kalon. Marvet eo d'ar 25 a viz Ebrel 2019.
Sport

Ar sport a zo un obererezh diduamant a gaver dindan meur a stumm er c'hevredigezhioù denel. Pa vez implijet ar ger sportoù e vez graet dave da bep seurt sport a c'hell bezañ.
Embregañ un sport pe vuioc'h a zo un obererezh naturel ha boutin da veur a sevenadur. Embreget eo bet a-gozh ar sport gant ar gouerien hag ar soudarded. Un doare bezañ prest seveniñ labourioù poanius eo hag e-touez ar gouerien e veze tutaet ar soudarded.E-doug o bugalejoù e embrege c'hoarioù polotenn, redadegoù, krogadoù gouren, kenstrivadegoù nerzh... Embregadurioù sport ispisial a veze graet gant ar re o doa da c'hourc'hemenn ar soudarded, an ofiserien deuet eus renkoù uhelañ ar gevredigezh peurliesañ.
Gant ar C'hresianed kozh eo bet krouet ar C'hoarioù Olimpek, diwar anv ar gêr Olimpos. Eno e veze aozet kevezadegoù evit enoriñ an doue meur Zeus olimpat. Digor e ao ar c'hrogadoù d'ar baotred yaouank deuet eus pep keoded henc'hresian.
Renault Sport

Renault Sport a oa anv skipailh redadegoù kirri ar saver Renault. Krouet e oa bet e 1976 ha redet en doa e Formulenn 1, en andur, e ralli hag a bep seurt redadegoù. E 2021 e oa bet divizet echuiñ gant an anv Renault e redadegoù-kirri evit implijet anv ar merk Automobiles Alpine e plas. Krouet e oa bet ar skipailh Alpine F1 Team en deus erlec'hiet "Renault F1 Team" neuze.
Etre 1977 ha 1985 e rede Renault Sport e Formulenn 1 gant e skipailh-dezhañ, a-raok bezañ saver keflusker evit skipailhoù-all ur bloaz c'hoazh. Distreiñ a reas e 1989 o pourchas kefluskerioù da skipailhoù F1 betek 1997, evel Williams. Prenet en doa Renault ar skipailh Benetton e 2000 a-benn distreiñ e 2002. O kenderc'hel da bourchas kefluskerioù da skipailhoù-all evel Red Bull Racing en doa dilezet Renault e skipailh e 2012 da Genii Capital ha Lotus a-rao, distreiñ ur wezh adarre e 2016.
E-pad ar bloavezhioù-se e c'hounezas Renault meur a gevezadeg, en ur pourchas kefluskerioù pe gant e skipailh-dezhañ :
Motorizet en doa Renault ar skipailhoù-se ivez : Team Lotus etre 1983 ha 1986, Ligier etre 1984 ha 1986 hag adarre etre 1992 ha 1994, Tyrell etre 1985 ha 1986, Williams etre 1989 ha 1997 hag adarre etre 2012 ha 2013, Benetton etre 1995 ha 1997, hag e 2001, Red Bull abaoe 2006, skipailh Tony Fernandes Lotus e 2011 ha Caterham ha Lotus F1 Team abaoe 2012, hag evit echuiñ Toro Rosso e 2014.
Renault en doa kemeret perzh e 24 eurvezh ar Mañs e-pad ar bloavezhioù 1970, o c'hounit ur wech gant Jean-Pierre Jaussaud ha Didier Pironi war ar A442 e 1978.
Peugeot Sport

Peugeot Sports eo rann ar saver-kirri Peugeot a sav hag a lak da redek kirri sport, e doareoù redadegoù kirri a bep seurt, ar rallioù, ar Formulenn 1, o sevel ur c'heflusker, hag an Andur o c'hounit 24 eurvezh ar Mañs e 1992, 1993 ha 2009. Graet en deus ivez ar rekord e Pikes Peak International Hill Climb gant Sébastien Loeb e 2013.
Australian cyclists at the Tour de France

Australian cyclists have ridden in the Tour de France since 1914. In the 1980s, Phil Anderson became the first Australian cyclist to win a stage and wear the yellow jersey. Cadel Evans has been the only Australian cyclist to win the yellow jersey by winning the 2011 Tour de France.
Australian cyclists have competed in the Tour de France since 1914 with Don Kirkham and Iddo Munro being the first representatives. Australian participation was sporadic until the 1980s. Two notable Australian riders before the 1980s were Hubert Opperman and Russell Mockridge, a gold medallist from the 1952 Olympic Games.
In the 1980s, Phil Anderson, Allan Peiper and Neil Stephens heralded Australian cyclists increased focus on the Tour. In 1991, the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) established a road cycling program under Head Coach Heiko Salzwedel. This program lead to the development of many future Australian touring cyclists including Robbie McEwen, Patrick Jonker, Michael Rogers and Henk Vogels. In conjunction with the AIS road cycling team, the AIS track cycling program under the guidance of Charlie Walsh was developing endurance track riders including Stuart O'Grady, Bradley McGee and Brett Lancaster. Cadel Evans who won the Tour in 2011 was an AIS mountain bike scholarship holder in the lead up to the 2000 Sydney Olympics. By 2010, there were 11 Australian cyclists on the Tour. In 2011, Orica–GreenEDGE was launched with financial support from Australian Gerry Ryan and made their debut at the 2013 Tour de France. Cadel Evans became Australia's first and only winner of the Tour in 2011.
In November 2014, Cycling Australia announced its Tour de France Team of the Century to recognize Australia's first participation in the Tour. The team comprised nine riders: Cadel Evans and Phil Anderson (general classification), Richie Porte and Michael Rogers (domestiques), Robbie McEwen (sprinter), Bradley McGee and Mark Renshaw (sprint lead out riders), Simon Gerrans (all rounder) and Hubert Opperman (team captain).
Special Broadcasting Service has broadcast the Tour to Australian television viewers since 1991.
Overall statistics at end of 2023 Tour de France
Australian cyclists that have competed in five or more Tour de France as of the 2023 Tour.
Table includes dual national Australian cyclists.
Hector Martin (cyclist)

Hector Martin (26 December 1898–9 August 1972) was a Belgian road racing cyclist, professional from 1925 to 1935. In 1924 he won the "Tour of Flanders for Independents" and the Belgian championship cycling for independents . From 1925 to 1935 he was a professional cyclist. In the 1927 Tour de France he won the third stage in Caen and the 22nd stage to Charleville and he wore the yellow jersey for 4 days. In 1928 he won Bordeaux-Paris and in 1929 he came second. In 1930 he won the Circuit de Béarn. He was the brother of Léon Martin.
Camiel Thomas fabricated cycling shoes and marketed them under Hector's name in 1939.
LCL S.A.

LCL S.A. is a major French banking network that is part of the Crédit Agricole group, with registered office in Lyon and administrative head office in Paris, France. It was established in 2005 from its predecessor the Crédit Lyonnais, and its name LCL refers to "Le Crédit Lyonnais". As of 2005, it served about 6 million customers in 2000 branches in France.
LCL sponsors the yellow jersey, worn by the race leader of the Tour de France cycling race. It awards a toy lion – le lion en peluche – to each day's winner as a play on its name. Crédit Lyonnais, the predecessor of LCL, first sponsored the Tour in 1981, and has sponsored the yellow jersey since 1987.
In 2010, the French government's Autorité de la concurrence (the department in charge of regulating competition) fined eleven French banks, including LCL S.A., the sum of 384,900,000 euros for colluding to charge unjustified fees on check processing, especially for extra fees charged during the transition from paper check transfer to "Exchanges Check-Image" electronic transfer.
Kalimanto Tulus Widodo

Kalimanto Tulus Widodo (23 August 1965 – 21 March 2025) was an Indonesian cyclist. He competed in the men's sprint at the 1992 Summer Olympics and won two gold medals in the 1991 SEA Games. After retiring from professional cycling, he trained other cyclists in Pontianak. One of his students was Bernard Van Aert.
Widodo died on 21 March 2025 due to a heart attack.
French Cycling Federation

The Fédération Française de Cyclisme (FFC) or French Cycling Federation is the national governing body of cycle racing in France.
The FFC is a member of the UCI and the UEC. In February 2009, David Lappartient was elected for a four-year term as president.
The Union Vélocipédique Française (UVF) was the predecessor of the FFC. It was founded on 6 February 1881 in Paris at the Café Le Marengo by delegates of ten cycling clubs, who on the same day decided to create a national championship race of 10 km. The first president was Parisian Paul Devilliers, and from the start the UVF admitted professional riders.
The UVF was reformed on 20 December 1940, becoming the FFC.
The executive board is composed of a president, six vice-presidents, a general secretary, and a general treasurer.
French Amateur Cycling Federation

The French Cycling and Athletics Federation (French: Fédération Cycliste des Amateurs de France, FCAF) is a French sports federation from the early 20th century. Named the French Amateur Cycling Federation when it was created, it became the French Cycling and Athletics Federation in 1911.
The USFSA, the sports governing body in France, only managed amateur sports, so not boxing or cycling, which had the Union Vélocipédique de France (UVF). However, some UVF clubs founded sports sections other than cycling, and as a result, they left this federation and founded the FCAF, which was initially entirely devoted to cycling, but quickly opened up to athletic sports and set up the FCAF Football Championship in 1906.
The FCAF French Football Championship is a French football competition organized by the French Cycling and Athletics Federation (FCAF). It was contested by the clubs affiliated to this federation, which were mainly located in the North, Gironde, and the Paris region, and it was held annually between 1905 and 1914. In 1907, the FCAF became a member of the French Interfederal Committee (CFI) and the winner of the FCAF Football Championship competed for the Trophée de France, a competition organized by the CFI.
In the semifinals, Star Club de Caudry beats Iris Club Croisien (1–0) at Sin-le-Noble. In the final on 16 May 1909, SC Caudry won the title after defeating the Association sportive d'Alfortville, the champions of the Paris region, by a score of 4–2.
The CA Vitry won the Paris championship on 1 May 1910.
In the semifinals on 8 May 1910, CA Vitry defeated VGA Médoc 5–1 in Bordeaux, while RC Saint-Quentin, champion of Aisne, was set to face Iris Club Croisien, champion of North, in Cambrai, but Iris did not appear and Saint-Quentin thus won by forfeit. In the final on 22 May 22, CA Vitry won the title with a 4–2 win over Saint-Quentin.
Easa Al-Gurg

Easa Al Gurg is an Emirati businessman, entrepreneur, and investor based in the United Arab Emirates. He currently serves as the Group CEO of Easa Saleh Al Gurg Group (ESAG). He is the grandson of late Easa Saleh Al Gurg, recognized as the first Emirati banker and a prominent figure in Emirati diplomacy.
Easa joined ESAG in August 2010 as the General Manager of Scientechnic, the group's flagship entity and a turnkey engineering company. In May 2021 he was appointed Group CEO.
He is a board member of the National Bank of Fujairah and on the board of the Al Gurg Charity Foundation, which was established by royal decree in October 2010.
The Easa Saleh Al Gurg Group LLC (ESAG), founded in 1960 by the late Easa Saleh Al Gurg, is a multidivisional conglomerate with over 27 companies. The group's businesses span retail, building and construction, industrial sectors, and joint ventures. Operating for nearly seven decades, ESAG is one of the oldest business family groups in the UAE.
ESAG's portfolio includes 27 companies across various sectors such as retail, building and construction, industrial, and real estate. The group operates in the United Arab Emirates and Oman, as well as across Asia, the Middle East, Africa, parts of America, Australia, and New Zealand.
ESAG is a regional partner for 370 international brands, including Siemens, Osram, British American Tobacco, Dunlop, Armitage Shanks, Viking Johnson, SieMatic, Danfoss, Interface, Parador, Smeg, and 3M. The group's joint ventures include AkzoNobel, Al Gurg Unilever, Siemens LLC, Siemens Healthineers, Al Gurg Fosroc, and Al Gurg Smollan.
In terms of sustainability initiatives, ESAG has invested in eco-friendly infrastructure and collaborated on joint ventures with Siemens Industrial and Siemens Energy for sustainable investments.
2024 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships

The '2024 UCI Urban Cycling World Championships were held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, from 17–21 December 2024.
A total of ten events took place: six trials and four Freestyle BMX events (two park and two flatland).
The qualification round took place on 19 December 2024. The top twelve cyclists advance to the semifinals, held on 20 December. The best eight cyclists advance to the final, held on 21 December.
The qualification round took place on 20 December 2024. There were only four cyclists participating in the event. All four advance directly to the final, held on 21 December.
The qualification round took place on 19 December 2024. The top twenty-four cyclists advance to the semifinals, held on 20 December. The best twelve cyclists advance to the final, held on 21 December.
The qualification round took place on 20 December 2024. The top twelve cyclists advance directly to the final, held on 21 December.
* Host nation (United Arab Emirates)
UCI Urban Cycling World Championships

The UCI Urban Cycling World Championships are the world championship events for freestyle BMX, cross-country eliminator, and trials. They are organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the governing body of world cycling.
The first three finishers in each discipline are awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals. The winner of each discipline is also entitled to wear the rainbow jersey in events of that discipline until the following year's World Championships.
The UCI Urban Cycling World Championships were held for the first time in 2017. The UCI World Championships in cross-country eliminator and trials were previously held as part of the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships. Freestyle BMX received UCI World Cup status in 2016 and the UCI did not previously crown a world champion in the discipline.
The first three editions of the Urban Cycling World Championships are scheduled to be held in China.
OCBC Cycle

OBC Cycle is an annual mass-participation cycling event held on closed public roads in Singapore. The event is organised by OCBC Bank. The event also hosts the Southeast Asia Speedway Championship which is sanctioned by the Singapore Cycling Federation.
The event has gained popularity each year with more than 5,300 participants in 2009 and 9,000 in 2010. In 2011, over 10,000 participated in OCBC Cycle Singapore 2011.
Due to COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore, the 2020 and 2021 editions of the event were replaced with "virtual rides".
In 2022, about 2,000 people took part in the event. Due to the poor weather, the second wave of riders was delayed and the distance shortened from 20 km to 13 km.
In 2023, about 7,300 people took part in the event. Due to wet weather, one of the cycling categories had its route of 40 km reduced to 20 km.
The 2024 edition is scheduled to be held on 11–12 May 2024.
OCBC Cycle Singapore also recognises the need to give back to the community and has chosen to support the National Cancer Research Fund and the Singapore Children's Society.
UCI Gran Fondo World Championships

The UCI Gran Fondo World Championships are the culmination of a series of mass participation cycling events in the Gran Fondo/cyclosportive tradition. Unlike the UCI Road World Championships, which are considered an elite professional event, the Gran Fondo World Championship are targeted at mass participation and cyclists not in full-time professional teams, uniting amateurs and retired professionals, dedicated club cyclists and age-group competitors. Qualification for the World Championships is achieved through participation in the UCI Gran Fondo World Series.
In 2023, for the first time they were held together with the elite road racing championships as part of the inaugural 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships. Medals will be awarded in road race and time trial, across age-group classifications. Older riders compete in Medio Fondo, a shorter version of the Gran Fondo.
2023 UCI Cycling World Championships

The 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships was the inaugural edition of the UCI Cycling World Championships organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), held between 3 and 13 August 2023 in Glasgow.
The UCI Cycling World Championships, to be held every four years in the year preceding the Olympic Games, brings together various disciplines of cycling for them to be held as part of one event, including the UCI Road World Championships, UCI Mountain Bike World Championships and UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
The event had a budget of £45–50 million, with funding coming from various local and national bodies, including the Scottish Government and UK Sport. Glasgow City Council provided £15 million to the championships after it was predicted the economic boost would total £67 million.
The 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships hosted individual UCI World Championships in 13 different disciplines, and was the world's biggest ever cycling event to date. It was confirmed that the following events would feature, with the full schedule announced on 8 September 2022.
In total, over 200 world champions were crowned and 2,600 athletes travelled to compete at the events with a further 8,000 cyclists taking part in a mass participation event. Disciplines included events for professional and amateurs, able-bodied and para cyclists, youth and age-grade athletes
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships, which are considered a winter discipline, and the UCI Gravel World Championships which were introduced after the awarding of the 2023 championships, and require a very specific terrain, are the only UCI disciplines not included, while junior and under-23 track cycling was also not included.
115 events in cycling and 101 events in para cycling. In cycling UCI Gran Fondo World Championships had most event in this games with 40 events.
* Host nation (Great Britain)
This medal table refers to all events except for para-cycling, including Gran Fondo.
* Host nation (Great Britain)
* Host nation (Great Britain)
L'Eroica

L'Eroica is an annual non-competitive cycling event which has taken place since 1997 in the province of Siena, Italy. The theme of the event is vintage cycling, with participants using vintage bikes (up to and including 1987), accessories and clothing, and the route often including unpaved roads. It is held in the first Sunday of October. The event is open to everybody, but cyclists participating with a vintage bike are honored with a certificate certifying their participation. Vintage bikes are defined by characteristics typical of racing bikes used until the 1980s. These include:
නාකුළුගමුව

නාකුළුගමුව (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Nakulugamuwa) යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, දකුණු පලාතේ, හම්බන්තොට දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ හි පිහිටි ගම්මානයකි. එය තංගල්ල පාර (A2 අධිවේගී මාර්ගය) හි පිහිටා ඇත.
නාකුළුගමුව යනු තංගල්ලේ සාපේක්ෂව ඉහළ ජනාකීර්ණ ගම්මානයකි.
පල්ලි, බෞද්ධ පන්සල්, හින්දු කෝවිල්, මුස්ලිම් පල්ලි, විවිධ වර්ගයේ පාසල් සහ බොහෝ පෞද්ගලික වෙළඳසැල් සහ ආයතන ප්‍රදේශය පුරා ව්‍යාප්තව ඇත. එය බහුතරයක් රෝමානු කතෝලික සහ බෞද්ධ ප්‍රදේශයක් වුවද, විවිධ ආගම් අදහන ජනතාව සාමකාමී සහජීවනයෙන් මෙහි ජීවත් වෙති. සැලකිය යුතු ජනගහනයක් සුළුතර දෙමළ සහ මුස්ලිම් කුඩා ප්‍රතිශතයක් ද පවතී.
එක් ඇදහිලිවන්ත කණ්ඩායමක් හෝ වාර්ගික කණ්ඩායමක් තවත් කෙනෙකුට එරෙහිව ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය භාවිතා කළ බවට කිසිදු වාර්තාවක් නොමැත.
නාකුළුගමුව සඳහා දුම්රිය ස්ථානයක් 2022 සැප්තැම්බර් 4 වන දින විවෘත කරන ලදී.
Vesak

දකුණු ආසියානු සහ සින්ගප්පුරුව, වියට්නාමය, තායිලන්තය, කාම්බොජය, මැලෙසියාව, ශ්‍රි ලංකාව, මියන්මාරය, ඉන්දුනිසියාව, පකිස්තානය සහ ඉන්දියාව වැනි අග්නිදිග ආසියානු රටවල් වාර්ශිකව සමරනු ලබන සංස්කෘතික නිවාඩු දිනයකි වෙසක්. මෙදින බුදුරජාණන් ව්හන්සෙගෙ තෙමඟුල වන ඉපදීම, බුදුවීම, පිරිනිවන් පෑම සමරයි.
විවිධ සාම්ප්‍රදායන් අනුව භවිතා කරන විවිධ දින දර්ශන අනුව වෙසක් දිනය යෙදෙන දිනය වෙනස් වේ. ථෙරවාදී අනුගමිකයන් අනුගමනය කරනු ලබන් දින දර්ශනය අනුව් වෙසක් දිනය යෙදෙනුයේ පුර පසලොස්වක පොහොය දිනයකයි. නමුත් චිනයෙ චන්ද්‍ර දිනදර්ශනය අනුව වෙසක් පොහොය යෙදෙන්නේ එහි හතරවන මාසයෙ අටවෙනි දිනය දායි. අපරදිග ජොර්ජියානු දින දර්ශනය අනුව අප්‍රේල් සහ මැයි මාසයන්හි වෙසක් දිනය යෙදෙන නමුත් එය අවුරුද්දෙන් අවුරුද්දට වෙනස් වේ.
තායි බුදුදහමේ ධම්මයුතිකා සහ මහායානික පාර්ශව වර්ෂ 2009 සඳහා වෙසක් දිනය සමරනු ලැබුවේ මැයි 08 වනදායි එදින ශ්‍රි ලංකවෙද වෙසක් දිනය සමරනු ලැබිය.මැයි 09 වන දින වර්ෂ 2009 සඳහා සින්ගප්පුරුවේ වෙසක් දිනය යෙදී තිබුණි.
Buddhist සංස්කෘතියේ මෙවන් උත්සව ශතවර්ෂ ගණනක් පැරණි වුවත් වෙසක් පොහොය බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේගේ උපත සිදු වු දිනය ලෙස සැමරීමට ලෝක බෞද්ධ සහොදරත්ව සම්මේලනයේ පළමු සැසි වාරයෙදී එකඟ වුනු ගිවිසුමකට අනුව 1950 දී නිල වශයෙන් තීරණ්ය කරන ලදී.මෙම සමුළුවෙදී ඉදිරිපත් වුන එක් තිරණ්යක් වුයේ,
"ගෞතම බුදුරජානණ් වහන්සේ හට ගරු කිරිමක් ලෙස සුළු වශයෙන් හෝ බෞද්ධයන් සිටින ලොව අනෙකුත් දේශයන්හිත් නේපලයේ මෙන් වෙසක් පොහොය දින පොදු නිවඩුවක් ලෙස පත් කිරිමයි. මෙහිදි එවකට නේපාල මහරජාන්ණ් විසින් වෙසක් පොහොය දිනය පොදු නිවඩුවක් ලෙස පත් කිරිම පැස්සසුමට ලක් වු අතර අනෙකුත් රටවලින්ද එලස කරන ලෙස ඉල්ලා සිටියේය. "
බෞද්ධයන් හට විශේෂ වන වෙසක් පොහොය දිනයේදී ගෞතම බුදුරජනණ් වහන්සේගේ ඉපදීම, බුදුවිම සහ පිරිනිවන් පෑම යන තෙමඟුල ලෝක වසී සියළු බෞද්ධයන් සැමරිමට ලක් කරයි.ඉන්දියවෙන් පැතිරුනණ බුදු දහම වෙනත් රටවල් වල සංස්කෘතින් මඟින් වැළඳ ගැනිමත් සමඟම වෙසක් දිනය ලොව පුරා විවිධාකාරයෙන් සමරනු ලැබීය.
වර්ෂ 2007 මැයි මාසයෙදී පුර පසළොස්වක පොහොය දින දෙකක් පිළිවෙලින් 01 වෙනිදා සහ 31 වෙනිද යෙදි තිබුණි. ශ්‍රි ලංකාව, කාම්බොජය සහ මැලේසියාව වැනි සමහර රටවල් වෙසක් පොහොය පළමු වැනිදා සමරනු ලබන අතර තායිලන්තය සහ තවත් රටවල් සමහරක් වෙසක් පොහොය 31 වනදා විවිධ චන්ද්‍ර දින දර්ශන අනුව සමරනු ලබයි. මෙම විවිධත්වය ප්‍රකශ කරනු ලබන්නේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික වශයෙන් සමරනු ලබන අනෙකුත් බෞද්ධ පොහොය නිවාඩු සැලකිල්ලට ගනිමිනුයි.
බුද්ධ, ධම්ම, සංඝ යන තෙරුවන් පුද පුජා කර ගැනීම සඳහා බෞද්ධ කොඩිය ඔසවමින් විවිධ පුජස්ථානයන්හිදී සිදු කරනු ලබන විවිධ සැමරීම් වලට ප්‍රථම බෞද්ධයන් සහ බෞද්ධ අනුගාමිකයන් පන්සල් වැනි විවිධ පුදබිම් වලට පැමිණිමත් පැමිනෙණ ලෙස ඉල්ල සිටීමත් සිදු කරනු ලබයි. වන්දනාමානකරුවන් සුවඳැති මල් පුදපුජා සඳහා රැගෙන පැමිණෙති. සුවඳ සඳුන් කූරු බුදුන් පිදීමට දල්වති. මෙම ක්‍රියාව විසින් බෞද්යන් සංකේතාත්මකව ප්‍රකාශ කරනු ලබන්නේ මනුෂ්‍ය ජිවිත ඔවුන් පුදනු ලබන සුවඳ මල් මෙන් කෙටි කලකින් මිලින වන බවත් සුවඳ සඳුන් කූරු මෙන් ගිනි ගෙන දැවෙන බවත්ය. පර පණ නැසීමෙන් වළකින ලෙස අණ් පැමිනවීමක් බෞද්ධ දර්ශනයේ ඇත. එමෙන්ම උපාසක උපාසිකවන් හට එළවළු සහිත ආහාර අනුන්මෝදන් කීරීමට දිරි ගන්වනු ලබයි. සමහර රටවල් විශෙෂයෙන් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙ සතියකට දින දෙකක්වත් සුරාසැල් සහ සත්ත්ව මාංශ වෙලඳ සැල් රජය මගින් වසා දැමීමට නියෝග කර ඇත. බෞද්ධයන් දහස් ගණණින් කුරුල්ලන් කෘමීන් සහ සතුන් නිදහස් කරමින් සංකේත විමුක්තිදානය ප්‍රදර්ශනය කරයි. මෙහිදී බොහෝ විට සිදුවන්නේ දාස භාවයට පත්,සිරගතව සිටින ඩහ වධහිංසා වලට ලක් වෙමින් සිටින සත්ත්වයින් නිදහස් කිරිමයි.
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බෞද්ධ නිවාඩු දින

බෞද්ධ නිවාඩු දින
බෞද්ධ ජනතාව පිළිගන්නා නිවාඩු දිනයන් බොහොමයක් තිබේ. මෙම දින වල බෞද්ධයින් තමන්ගේ ප්‍රදේශයේ පන්සල් වලට ගොස් භික්ෂූණ් උදෙසා දානය පිරිනමති. මෙම දානයෙන් කොටසක් පසුව දුප්පත් අයට බෙදා දෙනු ලැබේ.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_Ceremonies
වැලරියානා (නගරය)

වැලරියානා යනු ක්වින්ටනා රූ ප්‍රාන්තයට මායිම්ව පිහිටි මෙක්සිකෝවේ කැම්පේචේ ප්‍රාන්තයේ පැරණි මායා නගරයකි. එහි සොයාගැනීම 2024 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයේදී ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කරන ලද අතර, එම ස්ථානයට යාබද විලක නමින් නම් කරන ලදී.
ශෛලිය සහ ගෘහනිර්මාණ ශිල්පය ගිනිකොන දෙසින් ඇති චැක්ටුන් - ටැම්චෙන් ප්‍රදේශයට ගැලපේ. නගරයේ බහු ප්ලාසා, පන්සල් පිරමිඩ, මායා බෝල්ගේම් උසාවිය සහ වේලි සහිත ජලාශයක් අඩංගු වන අතර ඒවා දේශපාලන අගනුවරක් පෙන්නුම් කරයි. පර්යේෂකයන් ඇස්තමේන්තු කරන්නේ මෙම වෙබ් අඩවියේ ව්‍යුහයන් 6,500කට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් අඩංගු බවයි. මෙම වෙබ් අඩවිය 50 square miles (130 km)
"ඊ-කණ්ඩායම් එකලස් කිරීම" ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන විශේෂිත වාස්තුවිද්‍යාත්මක ලක්ෂණ පෙන්නුම් කරන්නේ ආරම්භක දිනය ක්‍රි.ව. 150 ට පෙර (ප්‍රාග් සම්භාව්‍ය යුගයේ) සහ මායා ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ සම්භාව්‍ය යුගයේ දී නගරය සමෘද්ධිමත් විය හැකි බවයි ආ. 250 – ආ. 900 CE). වැලරියානාහි ගොඩ නැගීමේ පොකුරු ඝනත්වය කැලැක්මුල් වලට පමණක් දෙවැනි වන බව පර්යේෂකයන් විසින් සලකනු ලැබේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ 750 සිට 850 දක්වා එහි උච්චතම අවස්ථාව වන විට 30,000 ත් 50,000 ත් අතර ජනගහනයක් ඔවුන් ගණන් බලා ඇත.
මායා ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ සම්භාව්‍ය යුගයේ දී Xpujil අවට ප්‍රදේශය ජනාකීර්ණ වූ අතර ඉංජිනේරුමය වශයෙන් නිර්මාණය වූ බව 1970 ගණන්වල සිට පර්යේෂකයන් දැන සිටි නමුත් එම ප්‍රදේශය පිළිබඳ පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක පරීක්ෂණ හිඟ වී ඇත.
උතුරු ඇරිසෝනා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, ටියුලේන් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලය, හූස්ටන් විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ ගුවන් ලේසර් සිතියම්ගත කිරීමේ ජාතික මධ්‍යස්ථානය සහ මානව විද්‍යාව හා ඉතිහාසය පිළිබඳ ජාතික ආයතනය යන පර්යේෂකයන් විසින් වැලරියානා සොයා ගැනීම සිදු කරන ලදී. ඔවුන් ලයිඩර් දත්ත භාවිතා කළේ, වනාන්තර ආවරණය හරහා ඉහළ විභේදන භූමි දත්ත නිපදවන ලයිඩර් නිසා, එය අතීතයේ වෙනත් නොදන්නා මායා අඩවි සොයා ගැනීමට භාවිතා කර ඇත. කෙසේ වෙතත්, එය මිල අධික වූ බැවින්, මෙම පර්යේෂකයන් විසින් නේචර් කන්සර්වන්සි හි මෙක්සිකානු ශාඛාව විසින් 2013 වනාන්තර අධීක්ෂණ ව්‍යාපෘතියකින් පෙර පැවති ලිඩා දත්ත භාවිතා කරන ලදී. පර්යේෂකයන් වැඩිදුර ක්ෂේත්‍ර කටයුතු සැලසුම් කරයි, නටබුන් විස්තර කරන්නේ "පැහැදිලි පෙනෙන පරිදි සැඟවී ඇති" ලෙසිනි, Xpujil සහ වගා කරන ලද ගොවිබිම් අසල ෆෙඩරල් අධිවේගී 186 සිට මිනිත්තු 15 ක් පමණි.
පර්යේෂකයන් එය "වැලරියානා" ලෙස නම් කර ඇත, අසල වැවක්, "Laguna La Valeriana", කුඩු ජාවාරම්කරුවන් විසින් ගුවන් පථයක් ලෙස භාවිතා කරන ලද වියළි ඇඳ.
බොරෝබුදූර් පන්සල් සංකීර්ණය

ඉංදුනීසායාවේ පිහිටි බොරෝබුදූර්, Mendut සහ Pawon නම් යුනෙස්කෝ ලෝක උරුමයක් ලෙස නම්කල පන්සල් 3 හැඳින්වීමට යෙදෙන වදනයි.
රංගිරි දඹුළු විහාර සංඝ සභ‍ාව

රංගිරි දඹුළු සංඝ සභ‍ාව සියම් නිකායට අයත් පාර්ශවයක් වේ. දඹුල්ල රජමහා විහාරය පාදකව ක්‍රියාත්මක වේ.
ක්‍රි.ව. 1980දී පිහිටුවා ඇත.
දඹුල්ල රජමහා විහාරයේ භාරකාරීත්වය ඇති පන්සල් 4ක සහ සෙසු පන්සල් 89ක භික්‍ෂූන් මීට අයත්වේ.