davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Rutsiro District

Rutsiro is a district (akarere) in Western Province, Rwanda. Its headquarter is located in Gihango sector.
Rutsiro District is one of the seven Districts making up the Western Province, located 150 km the capital Kigali. It has a population of 369,180 of which 60% are below 25 years, and a population density of 320 inhabitants per km² by 2022. This District is made up of 13 administrative Sectors, 62 Cells and 483 villages commonly known as “Imidugudu” covering a surface area of 1157.3 km².
In the East: From North to South, the limit of the District of Rutsiro leaves the banks of rivers Bihongora and Nyanzo until the limit of Kavumu sector in Ngororero District
In the West: From the South to the North, the limits of Rutsiro District is confused with the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Rutsiro begins from the border with Karongi District and continues up to the border that it shares with Rubavu District on Lake Kivu.
In the South: From the West to the East, the District of Rutsiro shares a border with the Northern limits of Karongi District from the border with the Republic of Rwanda and the Democratic republic of Congo where the Districts of Rutsiro and Karongi meet on Lake Kivu up to where the Districts of Rutsiro, Ngororero and Karongi meet towards the East.
Rutsiro has many touristic site one of which is Gishwati - Mukura National Park which is a protected reserve in the north-western part of Rwanda, not far from Lake Kivu.
Rutsiro has also the lock named "Urutare rw'Abakobwa" meaning "the lock for girls", which has a long cultural history behind it. Alongside the Lake Kivu, there are many tiny beaches between mountains.
1°55′S 29°19′E﻿ / ﻿1.917°S 29.317°E﻿ / -1.917; 29.317
Maison St Benoit

Maison St Benoit is a small Benedictine nunnery in Kigufi, Rwanda.
Kigufi is a village in Rwanda, in central Africa, adjacent to Lake Kivu, one of the great Rift Valley lakes. Kigufi is situated in the Western Province of Rwanda, in the Rubavu District, in the Nyamyumba Section, in the Kiraga Cell. It is located at the North end of Lake Kivu on one of a number of small promontories just south of Rubavu, the nearest significant town. This places the village close to Goma, at the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
During colonial times a British man named Jack Mat Wilson Poelaert established the premises and constructed the building that comprises the main facility for the Nunnery. He laid out gardens that include a range of good trees and have led to current descriptions of the Nunnery as "paradisaical green lakeshore grounds that support plenty of colourful birds and also offer good swimming". Poelaert gave the property to the Benedictine order in December 1970.
Nowadays the Nuns of Saint Benedict live there praying and working as advised by Saint Benedict, who said: Ora et Labora. They operate a guest house with 30 rooms that make it "one of the best-value and most attractive places to stay in the Rubavu area". Sister Beata, one of the five nuns presently running the guest house, explains: "Nuns like to have visitors, to receive them is not a business it is a part of the mission. They want you to feel at home".
Visitors indicate that the sunset is a joy to behold and one feels a sense of peace once you reach Kagufi.
Rem Koolhaas

Rem Koolhaas (født 17. november 1944 i Rotterdam i Zuid-Holland) er en nederlandsk arkitekt og forfatter av flere bøker om arkitektur, arkitekturteori, design og urbanisme.
Koolhaas studerte arkitektur ved Architecture Association School i London etter å ha arbeidet som journalist og manusforfatter for film på 60-tallet. I 1972 flyttet han til New York, og fascinasjonen for byen fikk ham til å studere virkningen storbykulturen har på arkitektur, noe som resulterte i boken Delirious New York, a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan i 1978. Koolhaas returnerte til Europa, hvor han grunnla Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) i 1975, som skulle søke å definere nye typer relasjoner mellom arkitektur og samtidskultur.
OMA og Koolhaas har oppført en rekke banebrytende bygninger rundt om i verden, som Kunsthal Rotterdam (1993), Guggenheim-museet i Las Vegas (2002), biblioteket i Seattle (2004), design for Prada-butikkene i New York (2003) og Los Angeles (2004) og Casa da Música i Porto (2005). I 2002 vant kontoret konkurransen om bygging av nytt Deichmanske bibliotek på Vestbanen i Oslo, i samarbeid med oslobaserte Space Group.
Koolhaas er i dag professor i arkitektur og urban design ved Harvard University i Boston.
Romersk betong

Romersk betong (opus caementicium). Caementicium er latin for av utilhugget stein.
Betong var en av de viktigste byggematerialene i Romerriket. Etter den ble utbredt og brukt i buehvelv, kunne romerne bygge store, solide bygninger.
En ingrediens i dem romerske betong var pozzolana, en type vulkansk sand med spesielle kjemiske egenskaper, som ga det estra sterk bindeevne og styrke.
Aswandemningen
Romersk betong er interessant fremover, dels fordi det kan størkne under vann, men spesielt fordi det under produksjonen avgir mindre karbondioksid enn den betong, som blir fremstilt i dag. Å ta i bruk romersk betong i moderne betongproduksjon vil da kunne bidra til mindre utslipp av klimagassen karbondioksid.
Tjuvholmen skulpturpark

Tjuvholmen skulpturpark er et kunstanlegg på Tjuvholmen , like ved Aker Brygge, sentralt i Oslos havnebasseng. Skulpturparken åpnet 10. august 2012, og består av syv kunstverk utført av kjente internasjonale samtidskunstnere som Louise Bourgeois, Peter Fischli & David Weiss, Antony Gormley, Anish Kapoor, Ellsworth Kelly, Ugo Rondinone og Franz West. I 2013 blir parken utvidet med flere skulpturer.
Skulpturene står ut mot Oslofjorden, med utsikt til Akershus slott og festning, og omgir Astrup Fearnley Museet, som også ble oppført på Tjuvholmen. Kunstmuseet er tegnet av den italienske arkitekten Renzo Piano, som også har tegnet skulpturparken. I tilknytning til skulpturparken finnes en badestrand som er åpen for publikum.
Skulpturparken er utviklet av Selvaag Gruppen og Aspelin Ramm Gruppen som sammen eier Tjuvholmen KS, selskapet som har ansvaret for utbyggingen av Tjuvholmen. Det var i 2002 at Selvaag Gruppen og Aspelin Ramm Gruppen, i samarbeid med arkitekt Niels Torp, vant en offentlig konkurranse om utvikling av nye Tjuvholmen. Da Tjuvholmen ble kjøpt av Oslo Havn KF, ble deler av salgssummen øremerket til en gave til byen bestående av skulpturparken, Astrup Fearnley Museet, badestrand og utkikkstårnet Tjuvtitten .
I utviklingen av skulpturparken på Tjuvholmen har man blant annet konsultert det kjente danske kunstsenteret Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Louisiana kunstmuseum.
Nesten alle skulpturene i skulpturparken er utlånt fra Selvaagsamlingen, bortsett fra ”Things for a House on an Island” og ”Untitled (Totem)”, som er eiet av Tjuvholmen KS. Selvaag-familien har i flere tiår hatt et sterkt engasjement for kunst og skulpturer. Selskapets grunnlegger, Olav Selvaag, hadde en visjon om å bringe figurativ skulpturkunst ut av museene og inn i bomiljøene. Selvaag har siden 1958 en tradisjon med å utsmykke sine boligområder med skulpturer. I løpet av disse årene har Selvaag utplassert over 500 skulpturer i ulike bomiljøer. I 2004 tok Selvaag Gruppen initiativet til å etablere Peer Gynt-parken på Løren i Oslo.
Skulpturparken består av følgende kunstverk:
Urban vitalitet

Urban vitalitet er er når rom i tettsteder tiltrekker ulike grupper mennesker for varierte aktiviteter til hyppige og varierte tider. Slike områder kan oppfattes som levende, i motsetning til områder med lav vitalitet som derimot kan frastøte mennesker og oppleves som utrygge.
Grad av urban vitalitet er et grunnleggende verktøy både i byplanlegging og for småsteder, spesielt når man skal løfte rom med lav vitalitet eller forvalte rom som allerede har høy vitalitet. Det har blitt antatt at fortetting kan medvirke til urban vitalitet. Noen ganger kan høy vitalitet i et område føre til gentrifisering og overturisme som igjen kan redusere deres vitalitet og opprinnelige popularitet.
Urban vitalitet er basert på verkene til Jane Jacobs fra 1960-årene, særlig den innflytelsesrike boken The Death and Life of Great American Cities.
Hun kritiserte den modernistiske og rasjonalistiske arkitekturen til Robert Moses og Le Corbusier som sentrerte seg rundt privatbiler. Hun hevdet at disse formene for byplanlegging overså og forenklet kompleksiteten til menneskelivet i forskjellige samfunn. Hun var imot storskala byfornyelsesprogrammer som påvirket nabolag og bygde motorveier gjennom indre byer. I stedet tok hun til orde for kompakt og blandet utvikling med gangbare gater og naturlig overvåking for å avskrekke kriminalitet.
Urban vitalitet kan kvantifiseres basert på grunnleggende faktorer:
Sverre Fehn

Sverre Fehn (14 August 1924 – 23 February 2009) was a Norwegian architect.
Fehn was born at Kongsberg in Buskerud, Norway. He was the son of John Tryggve Fehn (1894–1981) and Sigrid Johnsen (1895–1985). He received his architectural education at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design in Oslo. He entered his course of study in 1946 and graduated during 1949. Among other instructors, he studied under Arne Korsmo (1900–1968).
In 1949, Fehn and architect Geir Grung (1926–1989) won the competition for the Museum Building for the Sandvig Collections at Maihaugen in Lillehammer. In 1950, Fehn joined PAGON (Progressive Architects Group Oslo, Norway). The group, which was led by Arne Korsmo, had the goal of implementing and promoting modern architecture.
In 1952–1953, during travels in Morocco, he discovered vernacular architecture , which was to deeply influence his future work. Later he moved to Paris, where he worked for two years in the studio of Jean Prouvé, and where he knew Le Corbusier. On his return to Norway in 1954, he opened a studio of his own in Oslo.
At the age of 34, Fehn gained international recognition for his design of the Norwegian Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World Exhibition. In the 1960s he produced two works that have remained highlights in his career: the Nordic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale (1962) and the Hedmark Museum in Hamar (1967–79). Other notable works include the Norwegian Glacier Museum at Fjærland (1991-2002) and the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Oslo (2003–08).
He was a professor at Oslo's School of Architecture from 1971 to 1995 and principal from 1986–1989. He additionally lectured throughout Europe including at Paris, Stuttgart and Barcelona. He also lectured in the United States at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, Cooper Union in New York City and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston.
Fehn designed over 100 buildings. Some of the most notable are:
In 1961, he was awarded the Houen Foundation Award, jointly with Geir Grung, for the design of the Økern Nursing Home in Oslo. He received the Houen Foundation Award for his design of the Hedmark Museum at Hamar in 1975. In 1994 he was appointed Commander in the Order of St. Olav.
In 1998, he was awarded the Norsk kulturråds ærespris. Sverre Fehn was awarded the first Grosch medal in 2001. In 2003, he was awarded the Anders Jahre Cultural Prize (Anders Jahres kulturpris).
His highest international honour came in 1997, when he was awarded both the Pritzker Architecture Prize and the Heinrich Tessenow Gold Medal (Heinrich-Tessenow-Medaille).
In 1952, he married Ingrid Løvberg Pettersen (1929–2005). Fehn died in his Oslo home at the age of 84. He was survived by his son Guy Fehn and four grandchildren.
Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research

The Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research (Norwegian: Norsk institutt for by- og regionforskning, NIBR) is a social science research institute based in Oslo, Norway.
It is a part of the Oslo Centre for Interdisciplinary Environmental and Social Research cooperative umbrella organization. Its purpose is to conduct "studies which promote society's ability to tackle environmental and social development challenges". The current director general of NIBR is dr. polit Hilde Lorentzen.
Departments NIBR has four departments: - Dept. for Housing and Environmental Planning Research - Dept. for International Studies in Development, Transition and Migration - Dept. for Socioeconomic and Territorial Studies - Dept. for Welfare, Democracy and Governance Research
Krokskogen

Krokskogen is a forested area which located outside of Oslo, Norway. It is a part of Oslomarka and is situated between Bærumsmarka, Vestmarka and Nordmarka.
The wooded and hilly area of around 300 square kilometres is bordered by Oslo and by the municipalities of Ringerike, Hole and Bærum. The highest points in the landscape are Oppkuven (704 m.), Ringkollen (702 m) and Gyrihaugen (682 m). The old road through Krokskogen which opened in 1805 was part of the King's Road (Ringeriksveien) from Oslo to Bergen. It is now mostly used as a hiking trail and bridle path in season and for timber transport during the winter.
60°04′25″N 10°24′30″E﻿ / ﻿60.0735°N 10.4084°E﻿ / 60.0735; 10.4084
Erik Bodom

Erik Bodom (September 28, 1829 – 16 April 1879) was a Norwegian landscape painter.
Erik Bodom was born in Vestby in Akershus, Norway. He was a pupil at the Oslo Cathedral School, but shortly left school to educate himself as a painter. He attended the Royal Drawing School, studying under Johannes Flintoe during 1847. He was a student of Hans Gude during 1848. In 1850, he traveled to Düsseldorf, where he made rapid progress. In 1852, he sold a landscape painting Aus dem Bondhusthal (From the Bondhusdalen), to Bridgewater Gallery in London. The following year, he became an honorary member of the Royal Academy in Amsterdam.
Bodom developed a distinctly romanticized form of landscape painting. He painted in a style similar to that associated with August Cappelen, who was noted for his melancholic and romantic landscape paintings. Bodom often featured scenes from the coniferous forests of Eastern Norway. The composition of such images frequently featured landscapes of forested hills and quiet ponds, often with a bewitching atmosphere using strong contrasts between light and dark.
In 1862, Bodom established a permanent residence in Germany, That same year he visited Norway for the last time. He died in Düsseldorf. The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design is the owner of several pieces of his art including Fra Nordmarken (1857), Havneparti (1865), and Kystparti med bauta og vrak (1878).
Sources differ regarding the date of his death. Monroe (1908) and Hannover (1922), among others, give 1879, but Muther (1896) gives 1873 and the Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 4th ed. (1890) gives April 18, 1880.
Marka, Oslo

Marka is the name of the forested and hilly areas surrounding Oslo, Norway. It includes areas within the municipality of Oslo, but also large areas in Hole, Ringerike in Buskerud county and Jevnaker, Lunner, Nittedal, Bærum, Asker, and other municipalities in Akershus county. The name is actually just the finite form of mark (Norse mǫrk f) 'woodland, forest'. (See also Finnmark, Hedmark, Telemark, Marker and Aremark.)
Though not designated a borough of Oslo, it is a major recreational area for the population of Oslo, and development in the area is for the most part prohibited. Despite being used frequently by many inhabitants of Oslo, especially at weekends, the fauna of marka includes species such as lynx, wolf, beaver, moose and roe deer.
Oslomarka is the collective term usually used for all the recreational areas, comprising the contiguous areas of forest and open fields, around Oslo. Marka is the administrative name for the part of it that lies inside the city limits. Neighboring municipalities (most of which lie in Viken) do not have the same kind of administrative division as Oslo, and thus do not have any separate administrative arrangement for their parts of the area. The area within Oslo municipality is divided into two parts. The population and agricultural areas of Marka are located mainly in two valleys, Sørkedalen and Maridalen.
Oslomarka is further divided into:
Of these, Vestmarka, Kjekstadmarka, Romeriksåsene, Follomarka and Sørmarka lie almost entirely outside the city limits.
60°01′06″N 10°42′02″E﻿ / ﻿60.0182°N 10.7006°E﻿ / 60.0182; 10.7006
Bridal Procession on the Hardangerfjord

Bridal Procession on the Hardanger (Norwegian: Brudeferd i Hardanger) is an 1848 oil painting by Hans Gude and Adolph Tidemand. Gude, aged just 23, painted the landscapes and Tidemand, a decade his senior, the bridal party. Each of the Norwegian artists had studied at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf before they first met in Hardanger in 1843, and the painting was made in the winter of 1847–1848 in Düsseldorf. It measures 93 cm × 130 cm (37 in × 51 in) and has been held by the National Gallery in Oslo since 1895. It is one of the best known Norwegian paintings, and is considered to be an excellent example of romantic nationalism in Norway, combining a romanticised landscape with traditions of Norwegian life.
The painting depicts a bridal procession, crossing a fjord in rowing boats after the wedding. The first boat carries the groom, tipping his hat, and the bride, in her bridal crown and traditional red costume of the Hardanger region. They are accompanied by some wedding guests: one person is pouring a drink from a jug, a musician is playing a fiddle, and a man is standing to fire a gun in celebration. The boat crew are dressed in typical Bunad costumes. In the distance are two other boats conveying wedding guests, while more people wait on the shoreline, and others wave from a promontory. In the background is a stave church, under a blue summer sky with bright sunlight catching small clouds and snow on the mountains and a glacier. While the scenery resembles Hardangerfjord and the Folgefonna glacier, Gude later wrote that it was not a view of a particular location, but rather was a composite made from his observations.
The painting was commissioned as the backdrop for a tableau vivant. The soirée at the Christiania Theatre in March 1849 included a theatrical group dressed in traditional costumes aboard a boat who performed a song "Brudefærden" ("The Wedding Procession") by Andreas Munch with music by Halfdan Kjerulf, with the painting itself serving as scenery.
Gude and Tidemand collaborated on other paintings, including at least five versions of the Hardanger bridal procession made around 1850, each with differences. The prime version of 1848 was bought by the National Gallery in Oslo in 1895. A second version of 1848 includes Ole Bull as the violinist: he had performed at the Christiania Theatre. Three versions were painted in 1853, of which one was sold at Grev Wedels Plass Auksjoner in 2002 for NOK 5.1 million.
Parallels have been drawn between these paintings by Gude and Tidemand, and the first version of Washington Crossing the Delaware made by fellow Düsseldorf artist Emanuel Leutze from 1848 to 1850. The first version of Leutze's painting was destroyed in Germany during the Second World War, but two later versions survived in the US.
2006–07 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup

The 2006–07 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup was the 28th World Cup season. It began in Kuusamo, Finland on 24 November 2006 and finished in Planica, Slovenia on 25 March 2007. Adam Małysz, Poland won the individual World Cup. e.on Ruhrgas was this season's main sponsor, and therefore, this season's leader's jersey was red, in reference to the company, rather than the traditional yellow.
Lower competitive circuits this season included the Continental Cup and Grand Prix.
K-120 Rukatunturi, Finland November 24, 2006
Notes:
K-120 Rukatunturi, Finland November 25, 2006
Notes:
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K-120 Lysgårdsbakken, Norway December 2, 2006 Notes:
K-120 Lysgårdsbakken, Norway December 3, 2006 Notes:
K-120 Čerťák, Czech Republic Notes:
K-125 Gross-Titlis-Schanze, Switzerland December 16, 2006
Notes:
K-125 Gross-Titlis-Schanze, Switzerland December 17, 2006
Notes:
K-120 Schattenbergschanze, Germany December 30, 2006 Notes:
K-115 Große Olympiaschanze, Germany January 1, 2007 Notes:
K-120 Bergiselschanze, Austria January 4, 2007 Notes:
K-125 Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze, Austria January 7, 2007 Notes:
K-185 Vikersundbakken, Norway January 13, 2007 Notes:
K-185 Vikersundbakken, Norway January 14, 2007
Notes:
K-120 Wielka Krokiew, Poland January 20, 2007
Notes:
K-120 Wielka Krokiew, Poland January 21, 2007 Notes:
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K-120 Schattenbergschanze, Germany January 27, 2007
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K-120 Schattenbergschanze, Germany January 28, 2007
K-125 Hochfirstschanze, Germany February 3, 2007 Notes:
K-125 Hochfirstschanze, Germany February 4, 2007 Notes:
K-125 Vogtlandarena, Germany February 7, 2007
Notes:
K-130 Mühlenkopfschanze, Germany February 10, 2007
The 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships took place between February 22 and March 4, 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. The competitions in the World Championships did not award the jumpers World Cup-points.
K-116 Lahti, Finland March 11, 2007
K-120 Puijo, Finland March 13, 2007
K-115 Holmenkollen, Norway March 17, 2007
Notes:
K-115 Holmenkollen, Norway March 18, 2007
K-185 Letalnica, Slovenia March 23, 2007
K-185 Letalnica, Slovenia March 24, 2007
K-185 Letalnica, Slovenia March 25, 2007
Key
K-130 Mühlenkopfschanze, Germany February 10, 2007 Notes:
K-116 Lahti, Finland March 10, 2007
Aodhán Ó Ríordáin

Is iar-Theachta Dála do Bhaile Átha Cliath Thuaidh-Lár é Aodhán Ó Ríordáin (a rugadh ar an 22 Iúil 1976). Toghadh é mar fheisire i bParlaimint na hEorpa, ar son Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre, do Bhaile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 2024. Is iar-urlabhraí Gaeilge de chuid Pháirtí an Lucht Oibre é.
Rinne Ó Ríordáin staidéar ar an nGaeilge agus ar an stair ar Choláiste na hOllscoile BÁC. Is iarmhúinteoir é. Tá Ó Ríordáin pósta ar Áine Kerr, iriseoir as an Irish Independent.
Toghadh é mar TD don chéad uair i 2011. Sheas sé san Olltoghchán 2016, ach chaill sé a shuíochán. Bhain sé áit amach mar Sheanadóir ar an An Rolla Tionscail Agus Tráchtála.
D'éirigh leis a shuíochán Dála a bhuaigh ar ais in Olltoghchán na bliana 2020 sa Dáilcheantar Cuan Bhaile Átha Cliath Thuaidh.
Sa bhliain 2024, bhuaigh sé an ceathrú suíochán sna toghcháin Eorpacha i mBÁC.
Tá Gaeilge líofa aige. Ó ham go ham déanann sé agallaimh le Nuacht RTÉ nó Nuacht TG4, as Gaeilge.
Magh Meall

I Miotaseolaíocht na nGael, ba dhomhan miotasach é Magh Meall (Sean-Ghaeilge Mag Mell), parthas taitneamhach a bhaintí amach trí bhás agus/nó trí ghlóir. Is comhionann é agus Elysium na nGréagach nó Valhalla na Lochlannach. Insítear gurbh é Tethra, rí na bhFomhórach, nó níos minice Manannán mac Lir na dTuath Dé Danann, a bhí i gceannas ann.
Aithníodh Magh Meall mar oileán fad taobh ó thiar d'Éirinn, nó ríocht faoin aigéan. Bhí Magh Meall áfach, amhail Elysium, insroichte ach amháin do dhream beag ar leith. Ina theannta sin, ní dúradh riamh go soiléir sna seanscéalta gur shaol eile é Magh Meall (maraon leis na oileáin líonmhara miotasacha eile a dúradh bheith amach ó chósta na hÉireann). A mhalairt de chuma, cuirtear i láthair é de ghnáth mar shuíomh parthais agus déithe ina gcónaí ann, agus cuairte tugtha air ó am go ham ag daoine daonna eachtrúla. I riocht oileán an domhain, tugadh cuairte air ag laochra agus manaigh éagsúla. Is bunús na n-eachtraí nó na n-iomramh (de réir an tsainmhíniú a thug Myles Dillon orthu) iad na scéalta seo.
Ní raibh tinneas ná bás ann i Magh Meall. Bhí sonas, óige agus áilleacht ann go síoraí. Fuarthas le chéile ann ceol, neart, saol agus gach caithimh aimsire taitneamhacha a d'fhéadfaí a shamhlú. Ní raibh easpa biadh nó dí.
Mhair draíocht Mhaigh Mhill i ndiaidh ré na bpágánach pagan go dtí an ré Chríostaíochta. Sna scéalta níos déanaí, ní domhan an tsaoil eile é oiread is parthas an domhain seo, arbh fhéidir eachtraithe a shroicheadh ag taisteal ó thiar na tíre, go minic ar seachrán de dheasca anfaí deonacha agus iad spreagtha chun eachtra. De ghnáth, taiscéalann siad go leor oileán fantaiseach ar a dturais. I measc turasóirí na scéalta dá leithéid, tá Naomh Breandán, Bran Mac Feabhail (féach Iomramh Bhrain), agus Máel Dúin.
Paul Tylak

Paul Tylak is an Irish writer, actor and comedian.
Paul Tylak was born to an Irish mother and Sri Lankan father, and grew up between Ireland and England. He attended the now closed De Burgh School in Tadworth, Surrey. He has lived in Tallaght since 2002, and has two children Reuben and Calvin.
Like many Irish comedians of his generation, Paul Tylak got his first TV break on the RTÉ show Nighthawks in the late 1980s. Tylak has since contributed to the writing of the RTÉ sketch comedy series Stew (2004-2005), which won Best Entertainment Series at the Irish Film and Television Awards in 2005 and at the Celtic Film & Television Festival in 2006, and to This Is Ireland, a comedy sketch series about Ireland made for the BBC in 2004.
Tylak wrote and co-starred in two BBC Radio shows, The Nualas and The O'Show on BBC.
Tylak has appeared in a number of Irish and British TV productions. In 1997, he appeared with Joe Rooney in Messers [sic] Tylak and Rooney, a twelve-episode TV3 comedy travel series. In 2001, he appeared in the RTÉ soap opera Fair City, playing Ashti, a Kurdish refugee. As Tylak's father is Sri Lankan and his mother is Irish, he saw the role as an opportunity to challenge racial prejudices in Ireland. In 2004–2005, Tylak played various characters in Stew, the RTÉ comedy sketch series which he wrote with Paul Woodfull. Tylak has also appeared as Dr. Rashid in the children's show Roy set in Ballyfermot with an animated central character. In the UK, he appeared as Father Seamus Plug in the final series of Noel's House Party on BBC One in 1998-99.
Tylak is also a voice actor, having voiced Panda, Rabbit, and Snake in Skunk Fu! (2007-08), Lovely Carrot, a security blanket in Chloe's Closet (2009-2013); GIL on Planet Cosmo (2013); and Pek on Zig and Zag (2016). In 2009, Tylak joined the cast of Ballybraddan, an animated children's television programme on RTÉ which focuses on hurling. Tylak voices 'The Bantor', who is manager of the local hurling team. In 2020, he appeared in Van der valk season 1 episode 2, with lead actor Marc Warren. In 2021 he appeared in the final episode of The Drowning, which was filmed in Dublin.
Tylak is a stand-up comedian, and appears with the Dublin Comedy Improv Group. In 2003 he appeared in the play Hurl, written by Charlie O'Neill.
Goody (food)

Goody or goodie is a sweet Irish dish made by boiling bread in milk with sugar and spices. It is often given to children or older adults who are convalescing. This dish is eaten on St. John's Eve where it would be prepared near the bonfires lit to celebrate. A variation was prepared using milky tea to soak the bread. The dish is also prepared by parents to give to children when they have an upset stomach.
Many children were given this during the 20th century as a treat in neighbours' houses or after school as a snack before dinner. A modern variant adds cocoa powder and chocolate drops.
Lancashire hotpot

Lancashire hotpot is a stew originating in Lancashire in the North West of England. It consists of lamb or mutton and onion, topped with sliced potatoes and slowly baked in a pot at a low heat.
In the 17th century, the word "hotpot" referred not to a stew but to a hot drink—a mixture of ale and spirits, or sweetened spiced ale. An early use of the term to mean a meat stew was in The Liverpool Telegraph in 1836: "hashes, and fricassees, and second-hand Irish hot-pots" and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) cites the dish as being served in Liverpool in 1842. The Oxford Companion to Food (OCF) cites Elizabeth Gaskell's 1854 novel North and South, depicting hot-pot as the most prized dish among cotton workers in a northern town.
The OED gives the etymology as "hot adj. + pot n.", and cites the analogous French term pot-au-feu. The OCF refers to earlier forms of the term: "hotchpotch" (a mixed dish, typically a meat and vegetable stew) and "hotchpot", from the medieval French hochepot. A Book of Cookrye (1591) gives a recipe for hodgepodge, using "neck of mutton or a fat rump of beef", cooked and served in a broth thickened with bread. The term "hotchpotch" for a stew continued into the 19th century: Mrs Beeton (1861) gives a recipe under that name for a beef and onion stew in beer.
Hotpot became associated with Lancashire. In the OCF the food historian Roy Shipperbottom writes:
The recipe usually calls for a mix of mutton (nowadays more frequently lamb) and onions covered with sliced potato, and slowly baked in a pot containing stock or sometimes water. Some early recipes add lamb kidneys or oysters to the dish.
The traditional Lancashire hotpot dish is tall, round, and straight-sided, with a lid. Regardless of the baking dish, the lid should fit tightly.
Lancashire hotpot is traditionally served with pickled red cabbage.
Ruta Andina

La Ruta Andina es una carretera chilena cuyo objetivo es unir el altiplano chileno de las regiones Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá y Antofagasta. Construida desde la década de 1990 por el Cuerpo Militar del Trabajo del ejército de Chile y el Ministerio de Obras Públicas.
Esta carretera busca conectar las localidades de Visviri, Región de Arica y Parinacota, con San Pedro de Atacama, Región de Antofagasta. Se trata de un corredor que atravesará los poblados de Parinacota, Enquelga, Isluga, Colchane, Cariquima, Lirima, Ujina, Ollagüe, Ascotán, Tatio y San Pedro de Atacama.
Gracias a esta iniciativa los habitantes de la zona tendrán un rápido acceso a los servicios básicos como salud, educación, comercio, entre otros; el sector minero se verá impulsado entre la zona del salar de Huasco y las minas Doña Inés de Collahuasi y Quebrada Blanca; y las construcciones aymaras y atractivos paisajísticos (lagos, volcanes, fuentes geotermales y salares) que se encuentran cercanos a la ruta potenciarán el etnoturismo.
Valle de Lluta

El valle de Lluta es un valle,es un deriva del río del mismo nombre, que lleva sus aguas desde la cordillera hasta el mar durante todo el año. Se encuentra en la Región de Arica y Parinacota, en el extremo norte de Chile. La atraviesa la ruta 11-CH, carretera que conecta las comunas de Putre y General Lagos en el altiplano. También está situado en la carretera internacional hacia Bolivia.
Es una salida natural del altiplano andino chileno al mar. Destaca la presencia de geoglifos como los de La Rana, El Águila y El Gigante, que comprenden 12 paneles discontinuos con representación de figuras humanas, animales y signos abstractos, datados hacia el año 100 d. C.. Otros yacimientos arqueológicos presentes en el valle son los petroglifos de Rosario y la aldea preincaica de Rosario, formada por un área residencial y 3 cementerios. Los petroglifos, con figuras antropomorfas y zoomorfas, forman bloques de piedra hacia el poniente. Más al oriente se encuentra la aldea inca Molle Pampa, con varios recintos habitacionales y un área de tumbas.
En la economía del valle sobresalen las plantaciones experimentales de jojoba, que son diferentes a las del valle de Azapa, pues aquí las aguas son más salobres. En este valle se producen diferentes vegetales, siendo el más destacado el choclo, por su agradable y exquisito sabor que forma parte de la gastronomía étnica de la región. Su principal núcleo poblacional es la localidad de Poconchile, además de otros pequeños caseríos.
El nombre "Lluta" es de origen aymara y quechua. Provendría del término "Llust´a", que significaría resbaloso o fangoso.​
Colcas de Huaylacan
Ubicado en el km. 5, del valle. Son depósitos subterráneos con paredes de piedras para conservar los alimentos en la época prehispánica. Construidas en la ladera de los cerros y al costado del río Lluta.
Petroglifos de Rosario
Ubicados en el km. 17. Diseños simbólicos grabados en rocas, donde se pueden ver figuras antropomorfas y zoomorfas.
Geoglifos
Poseen un alto valor arqueológico. Se pueden observar en la cima de los cerros hacia el costado derecho de la carretera. Los más destacados son: La Rana ubicado en el km. 31/2, El Águila en el km.51/2 y los Gigantes de Lluta en el km. 101/2.
Pueblo de Poconchile
Pueblo desde la época prehispánica, uno de los poblados más habitados del valle. Todos los años en el mes de agosto se realiza el Festival del Choclo.
Aldea Ecológica Eco Trully
Ubicada en el km. 29 del valle. Allí se puede disfrutar de un momento de conexión con el interior personal y con la naturaleza, además de degustar exquisitos platos vegetarianos.
La Quebrada de Cardones
Ubicada en el km. 65 de Arica. Conocida como el reino de los Cactus Candeladros. Su importancia radica en que los cactus se encuentras únicamente en este lugar del país, un verdadero tesoro natural.
Iglesia de San Santiago (Belén)

La iglesia de San Santiago es un templo católico y monumento histórico ubicado en la localidad de Belén, comuna de Putre, Región de Arica y Parinacota, Chile.​​
Pertenece al conjunto de monumentos nacionales de Chile desde el año 2012 en virtud del Decreto 451 del 19 de octubre del mismo año; se encuentra en la categoría «Monumentos Históricos».​​
La iglesia está hecha a base de adobe y piedra, y se estructura con una nave principal y un campanario, que fue erigido en honor a San Santiago de Belén y que se replica en la Iglesia de la Virgen de la Inmaculada Concepción de Guallatire y la Iglesia de la Virgen del Carmen de Caquena.​ Su construcción probablemente se remonta al siglo XVI, época en la que se fundó la localidad de Belén.​
Esta edificación está situada a 3729 [[m s. n. m.]] en la precordillera, a 143 km al este de Arica.​ Pertenece a un grupo de templos católicos agrupados bajo la denominación «Iglesias del Altiplano», los que se buscan postular al Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO.​
La superficie protegida considera un total de 700,6 m² con un polígono en forma de «L» invertida; su estado de conservación es regular.​ El año 2013 se aprobó la realización de un estudio tendiente a estructurar un proyecto de restauración de este inmueble patrimonial por parte del Gobierno de Chile bajo la denominación «Restauración Iglesia de San Santiago de Belén, Putre».​​
(4636) Chile

(4636) Chile es un asteroide perteneciente al cinturón de asteroides, descubierto el 13 de febrero de 1988 por Eric Walter Elst desde el Observatorio de La Silla, Chile.
Designado provisionalmente como 1988 CJ5. Fue nombrado Chile en homenaje al país latinoamericano Chile donde se encuentra el Observatorio Europeo Austral. Chile destaca por sus grandes viñedos, principalmente montañoso, con los Andes dominando el paisaje. La extensión de Chile es de unos 38 grados de latitud abarca casi todos los climas. Los fascinantes pueblo chilenos son una mezcla racial de los europeos (conquistadores de España, las familias vascas) y las tribus indígenas (atacameños, diaguitas, picunches, araucanos, Huilliches, Pehuenches y Cuncos). Hoy en día los orgullosos indios araucanos constituyen la única minoría étnica significativa.
Chile está situado a una distancia media del Sol de 2,613 ua, pudiendo alejarse hasta 3,032 ua y acercarse hasta 2,193 ua. Su excentricidad es 0,160 y la inclinación orbital 13,77 grados. Emplea 1542 días en completar una órbita alrededor del Sol.
La magnitud absoluta de Chile es 12,7. Tiene 6,828 km de diámetro y su albedo se estima en 0,233.
Ruta CH-62

Fue la denominación de una carretera chilena que abarca la Región de Valparaíso en el Valle Central de Chile. La Ruta se inicia en Viña del Mar y finaliza en La Calera.
Esta fue derogada con fecha de 27-12-2010, con la correspondiente publicación en el D.O. de la misma fecha, Decreto 273 del MOP
El tramo comprendido entre Viña del Mar, Limache y Quillota corresponde a las concesiones Autopista Troncal Sur y Autopista Los Andes.
Según el mismo decreto antes mencionado, estas Concesiones ahora corresponden a la Ruta CH-60.
Autopista Troncal Sur
Ruta 1 (Chile)

La ruta 1 es una ruta nacional longitudinal que se encuentra en el norte Grande de Chile en las regiones de Tarapacá y Antofagasta. En su recorrido de 598,6 km​​ une Iquique con la ruta 5 a través de una paralela a la costa del océano Pacífico uniendo dos de las ciudades más importantes del norte chileno. Sirve como alternativa al paso por la Panamericana en medio del desierto de Atacama.
La longitudinal se inicia en Iquique. Desde esta ciudad el trazado está totalmente asfaltado, manteniéndose dicha condición hasta las cercanías de Caleta Coloso, al sur de la capital regional Antofagasta. En el mencionado trayecto se encuentra el túnel Pedro Galleguillos (al norte de Tocopilla), construido en 1994 como alternativa a la cuesta Paquica (que actualmente circula encima de él). Desde el año de construcción, ha sufrido variadas reparaciones, principalmente después del terremoto de Tarapacá de 2005. La ruta entre Iquique y Tocopilla fue inaugurada oficialmente el 26 de enero de 1996.​
Desde Puerto Coloso al sur-oriente la ruta se encuentra interrumpida y luego es retomada con la misma designación en Caleta El Cobre. La alternativa para continuar al sur, es transitar por la Panamericana, accediendo desde Antofagasta, en el medio del desierto y luego enlazar la ruta B-70 hacia la localidad de Paposo. Desde Caleta Blanco Encalada la ruta parte como una vía consolidada, manteniéndose en dicho estado hasta el poblado de Paposo, emplazado al norte de la ciudad de Taltal. Allí la ruta es nuevamente asfaltada hasta el punto de término, en la intersección con la ruta 5.
El rol asignado a esta ruta longitudinal fue ratificado por el decreto MOP N.º 2136 del año 2000.​
Los accesos inmediatos a ciudades y localidades, y las áreas urbanas por las que pasa esta ruta de norte a sur son:
Recorrido: 144 km (km 410 a 266). En el área urbana sur de Iquique la ruta se denomina como Avenida Arturo Prat (km 410 al 406).​
Recorrido: 280 km (km 266 al 0, kilómetro 0 al 14). En Tocopilla el tramo urbano circula a través de avenidas Teniente Merino, Arturo Prat y Dr. Leonardo Guzmán. Mientras tanto en el área urbana norte de Antofagasta la ruta se denomina como avenida Edmundo Pérez Zujovic y en la zona sur de la capital regional como avenida Universidad de Chile.​
Recorrido: 173 km (km 173 a 0). En el área urbana de Taltal la ruta pasa por las avenidas Manuel Antonio Matta y Francisco Bilbao.​
Actualmente está en operación la Autopista Rutas del Desierto entre Iquique y el Aeropuerto Diego Aracena en la Región de Tarapacá. Otro tramo en operación es el de la concesionaria Autopistas de Antofagasta entre el acceso norte a Mejillones y la capital regional Antofagasta, en la Región de Antofagasta.​
Andes fueguinos

Los Andes fueguinos son la continuación austral de la cordillera de los Andes inmediatamente al sur del estrecho de Magallanes, con una orientación oeste-este. Ocupan la porción montañosa y serrana del sur del archipiélago de Tierra del Fuego, llegando a altitudes superiores a los 2000 m s. n. m. Se ubican en los sectores australes de Argentina y Chile.
Las mayores alturas se registran en la cordillera Darwin, en el sector sudoccidental de la isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, en territorio chileno. Su máxima cumbre es el monte Shipton, de una altitud de 2469 m s. n. m.​ A diferencia de la mayor parte de la cadena andina, en particular de los Andes patagónicos australes, de orientación general norte-sur, los Andes fueguinos muestran un marcado cambio de rumbo, conocido como oroclino patagónico, ubicándose en sentido oeste-este entre el estrecho de Magallanes y la isla de los Estados.​
Los Andes fueguinos se originaron durante el lapso Cretácico tardío - Cenozoico (Paleógeno).​​
El clima en los Andes Fueguinos generalmente es frío, debido a que es una de las zonas más australes del mundo, la temperatura anual promedio varía entre los 2 y los 10 °C. Las precipitaciones anuales son de 300mm, también es zona de vientos constantes con ráfagas que alcanzan los 100km/h. De acuerdo con la clasificación climática de Köppen-Geiger se cataloga como clima subpolar oceánico (Cfc), o como clima semifrío subhúmedo.
Ibáñez River

The Ibáñez River is a river of Chile located in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region. It has its origin in the skirts of Hudson volcano and flows south-east through the Andes into the General Carrera Lake. The river borders the south side of Cerro Castillo National Reserve, home to Cerro Castillo.
Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez is located close to the mouth of the river.
46°17′46″S 71°57′16″W﻿ / ﻿46.29611°S 71.95444°W﻿ / -46.29611; -71.95444
Laguna Verde, Chile

Laguna Verde is a Chilean town in the commune of Valparaíso in Valparaíso Province, Valparaíso Region. The town itself is small and quiet, feeling quite removed from hustle and bustle of nearby Valparaiso. Attractions include secluded beaches and miles of old logging roads perfect for mountain biking.
There the people can find very interesting places such as: "Las Canteras" that is a sequence of different water falls and natural pools, "La Playa Chica" that is like a little beach nearby the power plant that operates with coal, "La Caleta Chica" and "La Caleta Grande" that are little spots where fisherman families live and work, "Las Docas" that is a beach with big waves and is a very good spot for fishing and "El Faro" that is located at the end of the gulf and has the Lighthouse that helps the boats that get to Valparaíso.
33°06′S 71°41′W﻿ / ﻿33.100°S 71.683°W﻿ / -33.100; -71.683
Mount Seler

34°44′58″S 70°18′23″W﻿ / ﻿34.749448°S 70.306322°W﻿ / -34.749448; -70.306322
Mount Seler is a mountain located on the border between Argentina and Chile on the western rim of the Glacier of Tears cirque in the Andes mountain range. The mountain was first summitted in December 1972 by Nando Parrado, and shortly thereafter by Antonio Vizintin and Roberto Canessa, survivors from the nearby crash site of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571. They made the ascent with the intent of finding civilization. At the summit, Parrado used lipstick to write "MT. SELER" on a plastic bag, which he placed under a rock. Nando named the mountain after his father Seler Parrado, who was his motivation to survive.
The ascent began on December 12, 1972, the 61st day after the survivors' plane had crashed, by Nando Parrado, Roberto Canessa, and Antonio Vizintin. The men had no mountaineering gear or experience; instead of beginning on a saddle to the sound, they set off up the steepest slope. They had the impression that they had crashed at the western limits of the Andes due to their pilot moaning "We passed Curicó" as he died. They climbed until the temperature began to drop. At twilight, they found a spot to sleep in the sleeping bag they had sewn using insulation from the plane and copper wire. The men continued climbing the next day, the incline of the climb increasing every hundred yards, before pitching camp before sunset.
The next morning, on December 14, Parrado and Vizintin continued climbing while Canessa stayed behind. After several hours, the incline had become almost vertical. Using an aluminium pole brought as a walking stick, Parrado carved stairs into the hard-packed snow. Parrado reached the summit late that morning, to immediate disappointment. It became apparent that their plane had crashed in the middle of the Andes, not near the western limits as they had thought. Using lipstick he brought to protect his lips, he wrote the words "MT. SELER" on a plastic bag, and placed it under a rock. Afterwards, Vizintin went back to get Canessa, who he reached the peak with three hours later.
Vizintin left his meat with Parrado and Canessa, returning to the crash site, and the two carried on westwards from the mountain the next morning. They would continue walking until being sighted on December 20, and they were rescued with the rest of the survivors in the following days.
Aer Árann

B'aerlíne é Aer Árann a bunaíodh i 1970. Eitlíonn siad ar fud na hÉireann, chomh maith le roinnt aerfoirt sa Ríocht Aontaithe agus sa Fhrainc. Tá ceannceathrú na haerlíne suite i mBaile Átha Cliath. Cheannaigh Pádraig Ó Céidigh an aerlíne sa bhliain 1994.
Pan-Am

Pan American World Airways (nó Pan Am) arbh ainm don aerlíne Mheiriceanach is cháiliúla sa 20ú haois.
Bhunaigh Henry "Hap" Arnold Pan Am sa bhliain 1927.
An phríomh-aerlíne Mheiriceanach sna 1930í ab ea Pan Am agus choinnigh sí an áit sin go dtí na 1980idí.
Ba é an sléacht a bhain le buamáil Pan Am 103 os cionn Lockerbie na hAlban an eachtra ba mhíchlúití aici. Ar an 21 Nollaig 1988, maraíodh 270 duine nuair a phléasc buama ar bord Pan Am Eitilt 103.
Mhair Pan Am go dtí 1991 nuair a chuirtí deireadh léi ar chúiseanna eacnamaíocha. Dúnadh Pan Am mar thoradh ar na deacrachtaí airgeadais a bhí aici agus an buama ar bord eitilte (an tubaiste Lockerbie sa bhliain 1988).
An Tuscar

Is oileáin ar chósta na hÉireann iad An Tuscar.
Básaíodh 61 duine nuair a thit Eitilt 712 in aice leis an Tuscar i gContae Loch Garman. Ní fios cad ba chúis leis. Eitleán Vickers Viscount 803 a bhí i gceist, ba leis an aerlíne Aer Lingus an t-eitleán.
List of Aer Lingus destinations

This is a combined list of destinations operated by Aer Lingus, its subsidiary Aer Lingus UK, and regional franchise Aer Lingus Regional as of January 2022. The airline currently operates scheduled and limited charter flights to/from a total of 93 airports, across 24 countries in Europe, North America, the Canary Islands, and a seasonal flight to the Asian portion of Turkey.
On 23 March 2020, Stobart Air which operated under the Aer Lingus Regional brand announced it would suspend all international flights due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its public service obligation (PSO) flights from Dublin Airport to Donegal Airport and Kerry Airport would continue.
On 29 March 2020, Aer Lingus began temporarily operating flights to Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK). This destination was organized in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to collect personal protective equipment which was made in China for use in Ireland. The flights were not available for passenger bookings and did not carry flight attendants.
On 24 March 2021, Aer Lingus announced the launch of four new routes from Manchester Airport; New York–JFK and Orlando from 29 July 2021, Barbados from 20 October 2021 and Boston from summer 2022.
On 12 June 2021, Stobart Air, the operator of Aer Lingus Regional flights, entered liquidation, resulting in Aer Lingus Regional ceasing operations with immediate effect.
In October 2022, it was announced that Aer Lingus operations between Belfast City and London–Heathrow would transfer to Aer Lingus UK due to Brexit-related requirements that a European carrier could no longer fly domestic routes within the United Kingdom. These flights are operated by British Airways under Wet-Lease terms using the Aer Lingus UK flight numbers and callsigns. This currently does not affect the operations carried out by Emerald Airlines from Belfast City as an agreement is in place between the UK CAA, British Airways and themselves before Emerald Airlines securing a UK AOC.
1952 Aer Lingus C-47 accident

The 1952 Aer Lingus C-47 accident occurred on 10 January 1952, in Wales. The C-47 operated by Aer Lingus was en-route from London to Dublin when the aircraft suddenly went into a dive and crashed near Llyn Gwynant. All twenty passengers and three crew died in the crash. It was determined that the aircraft had flown into a mountain wave triggered by Snowdon, resulting in loss of control. To date, the accident is the second deadliest commercial airliner crash in Wales, the first fatal accident of Aer Lingus, and the second deadliest crash involving Aer Lingus.
Lauk

Lauk atawa lauk cai mangrupa vertebrata poikilotermik (getih tiis) nu hirup di jero cai maké insang. Di dunya, lauk kabagi jadi leuwih ti 27 rébu spésiés, nepi ka jadi golongan vertebrata nu loba rupana. Sacara taksonomis, lauk téh mangrupa hiji kelompok parafilétik nu hubungan di antarana paling mindeng dipadungdengkeun; babagian nu umum mah nyaéta jadi lauk tanpa rahang (kelas Agnatha, 75 spésiés kaasup belut jeung hagfish), lauk kartilagus (kelas Chondrichthyes, aya 800 spésiés, kaasup hiu), sarta sésana dina kelas lauk ipis (Osteichthyes).
Lauk téh mangrupa golongan sato anu ukuran awakna rupa-rupa pisan: ti hiu anu 16 m nepi ka impun anu ukur 2 cm, malah loba kénéh anu ukuranana leuwih leutik ti impun.
Urang bisa manggihan lauk ampir di sakabéh awak cai anu badag, boh di darat anu jerona ukur puluhan sénti nepi ka sagara anu jerona rébuan méter.
Lauk mah ngabentuk kelompok parafilétik: sakabéh kumpulan (clade) nu ngandung lauk salawasna ngandung ogé tétrapoda nu lain lauk. Lauk digolongkeun kana sababaraha kelompok utama:
Pikeun klasifikasi anu leuwih lengkep, mangga tingal artikel vertebrata.