davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Área de conservación regional Cordillera Escalera

El Área de conservación regional Cordillera Escalera es un área protegida en el Perú. Se encuentra en la región San Martín.​​​
El objetivo del área protegida es conservar los recursos naturales y los ecosistemas frágiles en la Cordillera Escalera. También garantizar los procesos biológicos en los ecosistemas.​
Fue creado el 22 de diciembre de 2005, mediante D.S. Nº 045-2005-AG. Tiene una extensión de 149 870.00 hectáreas.
Dentro del área protegida se encuentra la catarata de Ahuashiyacu.​
Cordillera Annamita

La cordillera Annamita es una cadena montañosa de la parte este de Indochina que se extiende por más de 1100 km (683,51 mi) por Laos, Vietnam, y una pequeña área al noreste de Camboya. Se le conoce en vietnamita con el nombre de Dãy (núi) Trường Sơn, en lao con el de ພູ ຫລວງ Phou Luang, y en francés con el de Chaîne annamitique. Esta cordillera es también conocida por otros nombres tan variados como cadena Annamesa, montañas Annamesas, cordillera Annamesa y montañas Annamitas.
Su cotas culminantes son, en primer lugar el monte Phou Bia (2819 m), el monte Phu Xai Lai Leng (2720 m) y el monte Ngọc Linh (también llamado Ngọc Pan, con 2598 m); este último, situado al extremo noroeste del macizo de Kon Tum (del periodo Triásico), en el centro de Vietnam.​
La cordillera Annamita se yergue paralela a la costa vietnamita, formando una ligera curva que separa la cuenca del Mekong de la angosta llanura costera de Vietnam de la ribera del mar de la China Meridional. Las faldas orientales de la cordillera se levantan abruptamente de la llanura, drenadas por numerosos y cortos ríos. La cara occidental es más suave, formando significantes mesetas para luego bajar a las riberas del Mekong. En la cordillera misma se encuentran tres mesetas principales, de norte a sur: la meseta de Phouane, la de Nakai y la de Bolaven.
La mayor parte de Laos sigue la cuenca del río Mekong, al oeste de la divisoria de la cordillera, aunque casi toda la provincia de Houaphan y una parte de la provincia de Xiangkhoang (en la que se encuentra el ‘Páramo de las tinajas’) están en la ladera oriental. Mientras que gran parte del Vietnam se extiende al este de dicha divisoria, excepto la región de Tây Nguyên (Mesetas Centrales, en vietnamita) al oeste de la divisoria, en la cuenca del Mekong.
La cordillera alberga especies animales poco comunes como el conejo rayado annamita y el saola, recientemente descubiertos; el gran gaur y el tigre de Indochina.
Ruins of Saint Paul's

The Ruins of Saint Paul's (Chinese: 大三巴牌坊; Portuguese: Ruínas de São Paulo) are the remnants of a 17th-century Catholic religious complex in Santo António, Macau. They include what was originally St. Paul's College and the Church of St. Paul (Igreja de São Paulo), also known as "Mater Dei", a 17th-century Portuguese church dedicated to Saint Paul the Apostle. Today, the ruins are one of Macau's best-known landmarks and one of the Seven Wonders of Portuguese Origin in the World. In 2005, they were officially listed as part of the Historic Centre of Macau, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Built from 1602 to 1640 by the Jesuits, during the time in which Portugal and Spain were under the same crown, the church was one of the largest Catholic churches in Asia at the time. It was destroyed by a fire during a typhoon on 26 January 1835. The Fortaleza do Monte overlooks the ruin.
The ruins now consist of the stone frontispiece. The façade sits on a small hill, with 68 stone steps leading up to it.
The façade is shaped like a retable and themed around the Assumption of Mary. Likely influenced by Japanese Christian craftsmen who worked on it, the ruins of St. Paul's include carvings with heterodox images that draw from Asian traditions, including Mary stepping on a seven-headed hydra, described in accompanying Chinese characters as "Holy Mother tramples the heads of the dragon". The base of the structure has six Chinese guardian lions carved from stone.
The Japanese Christian craftsmen who worked on St. Paul's were converted by Jesuits and expelled from Japan in 1587 when Toyotomi Hideyoshi banned Christianity.
The remains of around 250 Korean and Japanese slaves from the Portuguese slave trade are buried near the church.
Resisting calls for the dangerously leaning structure to be demolished, from 1990 to 1995, the ruins were excavated under the auspices of the Instituto Cultural de Macau to study its historic past. The crypt and the foundations were uncovered, revealing the architectural plan of the building. Numerous religious artifacts were also found together with the relics of the Chinese Christian martyrs and the monastic clergy, including the founder of the Jesuit college in Macau, Father Alessandro Valignano.
The ruins were restored by the Macanese government into a museum, and the façade is now buttressed with concrete and steel in a way which preserves the aesthetic integrity of the façade. There was once a steel stairway that allowed tourists to climb up to the top of the façade from the rear, but due to concerns for the preservation of the church, tourists are no longer allowed to climb up.
22°11′51″N 113°32′26″E﻿ / ﻿22.19750°N 113.54056°E﻿ / 22.19750; 113.54056
Azuchi, Shiga

Azuchi (安土町, Azuchi-chō) was a town located in Gamō District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 12,217 and a density of 502.76 persons per km. The total area was 24.30 km.
On March 21, 2010, Azuchi was merged into the expanded city of Ōmihachiman.
The town is well known for the ruins of Azuchi Castle of Oda Nobunaga, the 16th century ruler of Japan, and once depicted on the now lost Azuchi Screens. The period in the history of Japan approximately between 1568 and 1603 is called Azuchi-Momoyama period. Azuchi Castle ruins remain for the temple Soken-ji donated by Oda Nobunaga. He also established the oldest Christian Seminary in Japan, and its ruins are now a small public park.
Azuchi Station of The Biwako Line railway provides public transportation to the town.
The National Route 8 passes through the town.
35°8′N 136°8′E﻿ / ﻿35.133°N 136.133°E﻿ / 35.133; 136.133
Gyarah Sidhi

Gyarah Sidhi (lit. 'Eleven steps') are the remains of the astronomical observatory of the Mughal Emperor Humayun. The ruins are situated at a stone's throw from Babur’s Mehtab Bagh, in a field on the banks of the Yamuna river in Agra.
Gyarah Sidhi or Eleven Steps refers to the steps overlooking the hemispherical cavities in the ground from which astronomical readings could be taken. Though nowhere close to their size, Humayun's observatory is an interesting, diminutive precursor to the massive Jantar Mantars at Jaipur and Delhi built nearly 200 years later.
Humayun was absorbed in astrology and astronomy, manifesting his passion in the most eccentric way. The business at court was not conducted according to exigencies of matter on hand but deferred to the planets:
He even went so far as dressing himself and his ministers according to the colours of the planets associated with particular days.
Green oriole

The green oriole or Australasian yellow oriole (Oriolus flavocinctus) is an inconspicuous inhabitant of lush tropical vegetation throughout Australia and New Guinea.
Alternate names for the green oriole include the Australian yellow oriole, yellow oriole and yellow-bellied oriole.
Six subspecies are recognised:
They are often difficult to locate, as their yellow-green plumage blends with the foliage and only their deep bubbling musical calls can be heard. They are nevertheless common in suitable habitat: rainforests, mangroves, thickets along watercourses, swamps, and lush gardens.
Breeding takes place during the wet season (October to March). A neat, deep cup is constructed from strips of bark and vines, lined with rootlets, and slung between leafy branches, usually 5-15 m up. They typically lay two eggs.
Green orioles forage slowly and methodically through the middle and upper strata of dense forests, taking fruit in the main. Typically alone or in pairs, they sometimes form small flocks in the nonbreeding season.
Superstition Mountains

The Superstition Mountains (Yavapai: Wi:kchsawa) is a range of mountains in Arizona located to the east of the Phoenix metropolitan area. They are anchored by Superstition Mountain, a large mountain that is a popular recreation destination for residents of the Phoenix, Arizona, area. They are roughly bounded by U.S. Route 60 on the south, Arizona State Route 88 on the northwest, and Arizona State Route 188 on the northeast.
The mountains were once known in Spanish as Sierra de la Espuma ("Foam Mountain").
The range has a maximum elevation of 6,266 ft (1,910 m) and prominence of 1,706 ft (520 m) at Mound Mountain in the far eastern section of the range.
The mountains are in the federally designated Superstition Wilderness Area, and include a variety of natural features in addition to its namesake mountain. Weavers Needle, a prominent landmark and rock climbing destination set behind and to the east of Superstition Mountain, is a tall eroded volcanic remnant that plays a significant role in the legend of the Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine. Numerous hiking trails cross the mountains from multiple access points, including the Peralta Trailhead, the most popular. Peralta Canyon, on the northeast side of Superstition Mountain, contains a popular trail that leads up to Fremont Saddle, which provides a very picturesque view of Weavers Needle. Miner's Needle is another prominent formation in the wilderness and a popular hiking destination. Lost Dutchman State Park, located on the west side of Superstition Mountain, includes several short hiking and mountain bike trails.
Circlestone includes ancient stone monuments.
As with most of the terrain surrounding the Phoenix metropolitan area, the Superstition Mountains have a desert climate, with high summer temperatures and a handful of perennial sources of water. The elevation in the more remote, eastern portion of the wilderness is higher than the western portion, which lowers temperatures slightly.
The legend of the Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine centers around the Superstition Mountains. According to the legend, a German immigrant named Jacob Waltz discovered a mother lode of gold in the Superstition Wilderness and revealed its location on his deathbed in Phoenix in 1891 to Julia Thomas, a boarding-house owner who had taken care of him for many years. Several mines have been claimed to be the actual mine that Waltz discovered, but none of those claims have been verified. Waltz was a miner at Vulture Mine, where he likely stole the gold and came up with the secret mine to explain his theft. The legends and lore of the Superstition Mountains can be experienced at the Superstition Mountain Museum on the Apache Trail where artifacts of the Lost Dutchman are on display.
Some Apaches believe that the hole leading down into the lower world, or hell, is located in the Superstition Mountains. Winds blowing from the hole are supposed to be the cause of severe dust storms in the metropolitan region.
Pushpagiri (mountain)

Pushpagiri, at 5,626 feet (1,715 m) ft, is the highest peak in Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, located along the Western Ghats of Karnataka. It is located in Somwarpete taluk, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Somwarpet in the northern part of Kodagu district on the tri-junction between Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu and Hassan district. It is 4th highest peak of Karnataka.
The Pushpagiri or Subramanya Hill is the second-highest peak of Kodagu, and fourth highest peak in Karnataka
About 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Somwarpet and 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from Kumaralli, it is located amid the jungle.
The Eastern entrance can be reached from Beedehalli via Heggademane temple and the Western entrance from Kukke Subramanya via Giri gadde. However, the entrance through Beedehalli is less strenuous.
The western entrance from Kukke Subramanya is located 165 m above sea level, whereas, the eastern entrance is at 900 m above MSL.
The nearest airport is at Kannur International Airport at a distance of 145km.Trekkers have to obtain permission from the Forest department which is located near Batra Mane, which is also a spot for overnight camping. This place is at a distance of 6 km from Kukke Subramanya.
It is believed that Lord Subramanya's footmark is presented in the hilltop temple. You can see the stone mark still. Top of the hill there are two temples, one is for Lord Shiva and other one for Lord Subramanya. It is believed that if any person has Sharpadosha it can be eliminated by visiting this temple.
This mountain, along with the surrounding hills and the evergreen Pushpagiri wildlife sanctuary, give rise to river Kumaradhara. It is the principal tributary of river Netravathi, that feeds the coastal city of Mangaluru.
The climate is generally cool and wet. The climate is that of a highland, with no extreme variations. It receives heavy rainfall between June and September. From October to December the area is covered in mist almost all the time.
Нева (журнал)

«Нева́» — русский литературный журнал.
Журнал издаётся в Санкт-Петербурге с апреля 1955 года (тогда — Ленинград). Был основан на базе выходившего до этого «Ленинградского альманаха» в качестве официального органа Ленинградской писательской организации и одного из печатных органов Союза писателей РСФСР. Во времена СССР выходил в издательстве «Художественная литература».
В советское время в журнале публиковались Михаил Зощенко, Михаил Шолохов, Вениамин Каверин, Лидия Чуковская, Лев Гумилёв, Дмитрий Лихачёв, Александр Солженицын, Даниил Гранин, Фёдор Абрамов, Виктор Конецкий, братья Стругацкие, Владимир Дудинцев, Василь Быков и другие.
Помимо прозы, поэзии, публицистики и литературной критики журнал печатал переводы из литературы социалистических стран, а также (с 1981) под рубрикой «Седьмая тетрадь» — много коротких очерков по истории Ленинграда (Петербурга, Петрограда).
До 1989 года на первой странице обложки выпусков журнала размещались виды Ленинграда (рисунки, фотографика). С 1989 года они стали публиковаться на второй странице обложки.
в 2000-е — 2010-е гг. в журнале печатались Евгений Алёхин, Иван Гобзев, Глеб Горбовский, Александр Карасёв, Александр Карпенко, Александр Кушнер, Владимир Лорченков, Сергей Переслегин, Юрий Поляков, Евгений Попов, архимандрит Августин (Никитин), Алексей А. Шепелёв, Галина Таланова, Алексей Борычев, Игорь Сухих, Валерий Дударев, Вячеслав Лейкин, Лев Штуден, Никита Поповский и другие.
Литературный критик Евгения Щеглова в 2010 году высказала мнение, что общий уровень текстов в «Неве» «в последнее время» существенно снизился.
Семицветные пески

Семицветные пески (фр. Terres des Sept Couleurs) — это формация и известная туристическая достопримечательность, расположенная на юго-западе острова Маврикий, рядом с деревней Шамарель. Эту небольшую местность занимают песочные дюны, состоящие из песков семи различных цветов (красный, коричневый, фиолетовый, зелёный, голубой, пурпурный и жёлтый). Примечательным является то, что эти пески этих цветов случайным образом расположились в разных слоях, и дюны, раскрашенные в разные цвета, кажутся сюрреалистичными. Этот феномен также наблюдается в небольшом масштабе: если смешать две горсти разных оттенков, в конечном счете они всё равно разделятся по цветовым спектрам. Также примечательно, что дюны не подвергаются эрозии несмотря на проливные тропические дожди Маврикия.
Пески образовались из базальта (эффузивной горной породы) в глину, превратившуюся затем в ферраллитную почву из-за полного гидролиза. Алюминий и железо, два основных компонента, придают сине-багрянистый и красно-чёрный цвет, соответственно. Считается, что различие оттенков является следствием охлаждения расплавленных вулканических пород при разных внешних температурах. Но до сих пор не понятно, почему они не смешивались.
Место стало туристической достопримечательностью в 1960-х годах. Территория принадлежит компании Bel Ombre Sugar Estate, которая занимается выращиванием сахарного тростника. Компания за небольшую плату организовывает экскурсии к этой достопримечательности. Сейчас дюны огорожены деревянной изгородью, проход за которую запрещен.
Исток реки Урал

Исток Урала (баш. Яйыҡ йылғаһы баш) — родник у подножия горы Нажимтау у южноуральского хребта Уй-Таш на высоте 637 м над уровнем моря, в 12 км от села Вознесенка Учалинского района Республики Башкортостан.
Географическая и туристическая достопримечательность. С 1980 года входит в состав природного заказника «Урал-Тау (Уралтау)».
Пётр Рычков в своей книге «Топография Оренбургская» писал:
Основной источник, расположенный у подножия горы Нажимтау, дополняют 5 мощных родников. Его расположение отмечено памятными знаками.
В 2000-х годах над истоком Урала был установлен символический железный мостик из Европы в Азию. На одной стороне, ближе к памятному знаку — железными буквами сверху вниз: «Европа», а на другой «Азия».
Путешествие к истоку Урала подробно описано в книге Виктора Поляничко «Река весны: По Уралу — от истока до устья».
День города

День го́рода — ежегодный праздник практически всех относительно крупных городов (России и бывшего СССР), приуроченный, как правило, к выходным (воскресным) дням.
День города, наряду с главным Днём страны (например, День России), — это, как правило, самый массовый по масштабу, самый большой по размаху подготовки праздник, затрагивающий всех жителей каждого города. В этот день проводятся праздничные мероприятия — выступления руководителей города, парады, шествия, народные гуляния, ярмарки, праздничные концерты, уличные перфомансы, выставки, соревнования. День города обычно заканчивается фейерверками и салютом. Как правило, празднование начинается в предшествующую воскресенью субботу (то есть два дня: суббота и воскресенье). Особенно широкомасштабно, часто на уровне всей страны и даже на международном уровне, празднуются юбилеи городов.
Некоторые города приурочили свои Дни города к государственным и профессиональным праздникам: День России и др. стран, День республики-региона, День машиностроителя, День химика, День металлурга, День строителя, День железнодорожника, День шахтёра (например, Донецк) и другим; у некоторых городов (в европейской части СНГ) это «день освобождения от немецко-фашистских захватчиков» в 1941—1944 годах (например, Харьков); у многих городов — день основания. В СССР первым официально праздновавшимся днём города было 800-летие Москвы в 1947 году.
Столицы государств и центры регионов России выделены.
Некоторые российские города отмечают праздник День города 12 июня — в День России:
Празднование осуществлялось в России на федеральном (национальном) уровне:
Празднования юбилеев городов проводятся в ближнем зарубежье, в бывших союзных республиках, например:
Празднования также проводятся и в дальнем зарубежье, например:
Первым исторически известным большим празднованием юбилея города было 1000-летие Рима в 248 году. С 2010 года в России новое решение о праздновании на федеральном уровне каждой памятной даты субъектов федерации принимает Президент по предложению Правительства; празднование может быть приурочено к дате основания города, который является столицей региона, историческим городом, городом-героем, либо городом воинской славы, а также к иным событиям, имеющим «особое историческое значение для становления и развития российской государственности» (с 2015 года — также при условии 100-летней кратности памятной даты субъекта Российской Федерации, с 2018 года — также при наличии экспертного заключения Российской академии наук, подтверждающего достоверность памятной даты).
Категория:Юбилеи городов
День города Саратова

День города Саратова — ежегодный общегородской праздник в Саратове. Отмечается во второе воскресенье сентября. Основные торжества традиционно проходят на Театральной площади, Набережной космонавтов, проспекте Кирова и у здании Цирка.Также мероприятия проходят на центральных площадках районов города: Детский парк, сад «Липки», Бульвар Героев Отечества, сквер Дружбы народов, бульвар на ул. Рахова и т. д. Завершает День города праздничный салют.
Празднование дня города Саратова — это ежегодный праздник, который устраивают горожане в честь основания города 12 июля 1590 года. Праздник перенесен на осень, для того чтобы большинство горожан успело вернуться с отпусков.
День города отмечается во второе воскресенье сентября. Обычным для праздника являются: проведение музыкальных фестивалей, художественных выставок, фотоконкурсов, праздничных мероприятий для детей и концерт на Театральной площади. Концертные программы показываются на площадках возле фонтанов: «Сердце Волги» на Набережной, «Глобус» в парке «Липки», «Одуванчик» у цирка, фонтан в Детском парке, фонтан в сквере «Рубин», фонтан у Центра народного творчества им. Л.А. Руслановой, фонтан у ДК «Россия», фонтан в сквере «Победа», фонтан на Бульваре Героев Отечества. Также концерты проводятся в Городском парке культуры и отдыха имени Горького, на Новой набережной у якоря, на площадке у Ротонды, на площади им. Федина, на площади им. Петра I, в сквере «Территория детства», в Музее-усадьбе Н.Г. Чернышевского.
В 2019 году в День города в парке Липки была установлена скульптура «Кот Леопольд и мыши» в подарок жителям города.
Карнавальное шествие проводится либо на проспекте Столыпина и улице Волжской, либо на новом пляже. Завершает концертную программу ко дню города праздничный салют.
Также в дни празднования проходят вручение главной награды города — звание Почетного гражданина города Саратова.
The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)

The Return of the Prodigal Son (Dutch: De terugkeer van de verloren zoon) is an oil painting by Rembrandt, part of the collection of the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. It is among the Dutch master's final works, likely completed within two years of his death in 1669 . Depicting the moment of the prodigal son's return to his father in the Biblical parable, it is a renowned work described by art historian Kenneth Clark as "a picture which those who have seen the original in St. Petersburg may be forgiven for claiming as the greatest picture ever painted".
In the painting, the son has returned home in a wretched state from travels in which he has wasted his inheritance and fallen into poverty and despair. He kneels before his father in repentance, wishing for forgiveness and the position of a servant in his father's household, having realized that even his father's servants had a better station in life than he. His father receives him with a tender gesture and welcomes him as his own son. His hands seem to suggest mothering and fathering at once; the left appears larger and more masculine, set on the son's shoulder, while the right is softer and more receptive in gesture. Standing at the right is the prodigal son's older brother, who crosses his hands in judgment; in the parable he objects to the father's compassion for the sinful son:
The father explains, "But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found" (Luke 15:32).
Rembrandt was moved by the parable, and he made a variety of drawings, etchings, and paintings on the theme that spanned decades, beginning with a 1636 etching (see Gallery). The Return of the Prodigal Son includes figures not directly related to the parable but seen in some of these earlier works; their identities have been debated. The woman at top left, barely visible, is likely the mother, while the seated man, whose dress implies wealth, may be an advisor to the estate or a tax collector.
The Return of the Prodigal Son demonstrates the mastery of the late Rembrandt. His evocation of spirituality and the parable's message of forgiveness has been considered the height of his art. Rembrandt scholar Rosenberg (et al.) calls the painting "monumental", writing that Rembrandt
Art historian H. W. Janson writes that Prodigal Son "may be [Rembrandt's] most moving painting. It is also his quietest—a moment stretching into eternity. So pervasive is the mood of tender silence that the viewer feels a kinship with this group. That bond is perhaps stronger and more intimate in this picture than in any earlier work of art."
Dutch priest Henri Nouwen (1932–1996) was so taken by the painting that he eventually wrote a book, The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Story of Homecoming (1992), using the parable and Rembrandt's painting as frameworks. He begins by describing his visit to the State Hermitage Museum in 1986, where he was able to contemplate the painting alone for hours. Considering the role of the father and sons in the parable in relation to Rembrandt's biography, he wrote:
The St. Petersburg Times (Russia)

The St. Petersburg Times was a weekly newspaper issued in St. Petersburg, Russia. It served the expatriate community, tourists, and Russians interested in an international perspective on local and world affairs. Publication began in May 1993, and was suspended on 24 December 2014. The editorial staff tweeted that the situation was connected with the economic crisis in Russia and current legislative environment.
The newspaper, and its sister The Moscow Times, which continues to be published, were published by Finnish Sanoma Oyj, publisher of Helsingin Sanomat in Helsinki.
The newspaper was founded by New Zealand writer Lloyd Donaldson (7 November 1963 – 26 of June 2010) and Russian novice entrepreneur Gregory Kunis. In 1992, they founded the publishing house Cornerstone. In May 1993 the publishing house has released the first issue of the newspaper The St. Petersburg Press. The newspaper adopted its later name in 1996, when it was sold to Sanoma.
The paper temporarily suspended publication after December 2014 due to worsening economic conditions in Russia and the staff were given paid leave in January 2015. The last editor, Simon Patterson, said that the website would continue to function. The website stayed up until March 2015, after which it was usurped by The Moscow Times.
Saint Sarkis Cathedral, Yerevan

Saint Sarkis Cathedral (Armenian: Սուրբ Սարգիս Մայր Եկեղեցի (Surp Sarkis Mayr Yekeghetsi)) is an Armenian cathedral in Yerevan, Armenia. It is the seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It was built in 1842, on the left bank of the Hrazdan River in Yerevan's Kentron District.
Standing against the upper part of the village of Dzoragyugh, and facing the old Erivan Fortress on the left bank of the River Hrazdan, a hermitage-monastery was functioning since the earliest Christian era. This spacious complex, surrounded by a high, fortified wall, was made up of the churches of Saints Sarkis, Gevork and Hakob churches, of the buildings of the patriarchal offices and school, of an orchard and of other buildings. Saint Sarkis Church was the official seat of the Patriarch, whereas the monastery was the patriarchal inn for the guests. Saint Sarkis Church, with the hermitage-monastery, was destroyed by the large earthquake of 1679 but was rebuilt on the same site during the rule of Edesatsi Nahabet Catholicos (1691–1705).
However, the current building of the church was constructed between 1835-42.
During the rule of Vazgen I Catholicos of Armenians, the church underwent basic renovations and improvements. Based on a plan drawn up by architect Rafayel Israyelian in 1972, the reconstruction works of the St Sarkis Church began and the character of the old building of the church was basically preserved. The face was covered with Ani orange tufa rocks and engraved with triangular niches. After Israyelian's death, the construction works were taken over and continued by the co-author, architect Ardzroun Galikian.
From 1971-76, the interior look of the church was significantly improved. On the eastern part of the church, a gallery was added for the church choir. As a result of such additions, it was found necessary to remove the old dome and the old drum and to replace them by a much higher dome with polyhedral fan-shaped spire. The construction of the bell tower of the St Sarkis Vicarial Church was completed in 2000.
The rebuilding process of Saint Sarkis Cathedral was realized through the donation of Armenian benefactors Sarkis Kurkjian and his sons, residing in London. A 2 kW photovoltaic power system was installed on the roof of the cathedral in 2009.
Hermitage AOC

Hermitage (French pronunciation: [ɛʁmitaʒ]) is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the northern Rhône wine region of France south of Lyon. It produces mostly red wine from the Syrah grape; however, small quantities of white wine are also produced from Roussane and Marsanne grapes. The hill is seen by some as the spiritual home of the Syrah grape variety.
According to legend, the Knight Gaspard de Stérimberg returned home wounded in 1224 from the Albigensian Crusade and was given permission by the Queen of France to build a small refuge to recover in, where he remained living as a hermit (ermite in French). The chapel on top was built in honor of Saint Christopher and today is owned by the negociant Paul Jaboulet Âiné. Louis XIII made the wine a wine of the court after being offered a glass during a visit to the region in 1642. Louis XIV presented King Charles II of England with 200 casks of fine wine including examples from Hermitage, Champagne and Burgundy. The Romanovs also imported the wine. In the 19th century, wines from Bordeaux were often "hermitaged" (hermitagé, that is, blended with Hermitage) and could fetch higher prices as a result. The appellation was established in its modern form in 1937.
The appellation fans out from the town of Tain l'Hermitage. The vines grow on the south west side of a steep granite hill facing the afternoon sun and can be divided into a number of smaller vineyards. These are "Les Bessards" to the west, "L'Hermite and "La Chapelle on the top of the mountain, and "Bessards", "Le Méal", "Les Greffieux", and "Murets" to the east. With 345 acres (140 ha) of vines, in soil composed greatly of granite and gravels, Hermitage produces 730,000 bottles of mostly red wines, annually.
Syrah is the primary red grape of Hermitage, mostly used on its own although the appellation rules do allow the addition of 15% or less of Marsanne and/or Roussanne grapes. Hermitage reds tend toward being very earthy, with aromas of leather, red berries, earth, and cocoa/coffee. Because of the high levels of tannin they are usually aged longer than American or Australian Syrahs and are often cellared up to 40 years.
Rich, dry, white wines are also produced from a blend of Marsanne and Roussanne. These wines are also usually left to age, for up to 15 years. Vin de paille or Straw Wine is also produced in this region.
The most notable producer of Hermitage is Domaine Jean-Louis Chave, whose estate can trace its origins back to 1481. Others of note include Chapoutier, Jaboulet, and Delas.
Crema de trigo

La crema de trigo, también conocida como crema de farina o simplemente farina, (en inglés: Cream of Wheat) es una marca de cereales para desayuno calientes, o gachas, inventada en 1893 en los Estados Unidos por los molineros de trigo en Grand Forks, Dakota del Norte.​ El cereal actualmente es fabricado y vendido por B&G Foods. Hasta 2007, era la marca Nabisco hecha por Kraft Foods. Es similar en la textura a la sémola de maíz, pero hecha con harina de trigo (trigo molido) en lugar de maíz molido. El producto hizo su debut en la Exposición Mundial Colombina de Chicago, Illinois, en 1893.
Además de sus productos a base de trigo, la marca tiene una línea de cremas de arroz que se recomiendan a menudo como alimento para bebés y niños, y para personas con problemas de intolerancia al trigo o gluten.
La crema de trigo se hace hirviendo agua, luego se vierte en la harina mientras se remueve. Mientras es removida, la harina comienza a espesarse dependiendo de la proporción de líquido y harina. Algunos eligen utilizar leche en su lugar, o leche y agua, con el fin de darle al alimento un sabor más cremoso. Actualmente hay tres mezclas originales disponibles: de 10 minutos, de 2 minutos y medio, y de 1 minuto. La crema de trigo también se vende en paquetes individuales, lista para servir. Estos preparados solo requieren echar agua caliente directamente en un tazón (cerca de dos minutos).
Es común personalizar la crema caliente con azúcar, frutas, o frutos secos.
Sopa de sangre de pollo y pato

La sopa de sangre de pollo y pato (chino: 鸡鸭血汤; pinyin: jī yā xiě tāng) es un plato de sangre basado en la sopa de Shanghái, que utiliza la sangre de pollo y pato como ingrediente principal. Creado por Xu Fuquan, un vendedor ambulante de Shanghái, y descrito como de sabor agrio y picante, el plato se considera un alimento saludable con valor medicinal en Shanghái.
La sopa de sangre de pollo y pato fue inventada por el poco conocido vendedor ambulante shanghainés Xu Fuquan, que elaboró el plato mezclando sangre caliente de pollo y pato con la cabeza y las patas de un pollo, antes de hervirlo en una olla de hierro, a la que apodó "vaca de metal".​ En 1973, durante su visita a Shanghái, el entonces rey de Camboya Norodom Sihanouk probó la sopa de sangre de pollo y pato y, al parecer, disfrutó mucho del plato, consumiendo innumerables cuencos.​
La sopa se hace hirviendo la sangre de pollo y pato, junto con un puñado de órganos de pollo y otras partes del cuerpo.​ La sopa de sangre de pollo y pato se describe con un sabor agridulce.​ En Shanghái, este plato se considera un alimento saludable con valor medicinal.​
La sopa de sangre de pollo y pato es tan famosa en Shanghái que una fuente llega a calificarla de icono cultural de la ciudad.​ Se vende sobre todo en el Templo del Dios de la Ciudad de Shanghái.​ Kellie Schmitt de CNN describe el plato como una de las "comidas más extrañas de Shanghai", aunque añade que "sabe mejor de lo que parece".​
Mesa de Santiago

La Declaración de la Mesa de Santiago de Chile, también conocida como Mesa de Santiago o Mesa de Santiago de Chile, fue el informe final consensuado entre los países participantes de la mesa redonda titulada “El desarrollo y el papel de los museos en el mundo contemporáneo”, convocada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) y el Consejo Internacional de Museos (ICOM) que se presentó en Santiago de Chile el 31 de mayo de 1972. Se considera un hito histórico en la forma de pensar los museos de América Látina.​​
La convocación a esta mesa redonda se decidió XVI Reunión de la UNESCO en 1970 y tuvo como antecedentes el Simposio Internacional de la Unesco en París en 1969. Se desarrolló entre el 20 y el 31 de mayo de 1972 bajo la dirección del astrónomo uruguayo Héctor Fernández Guido, durante la Conferencia de Santiago, organizada por la Unesco, y convocó distintos museos e instituciones de Latinoamérica, como la Organización de Estados Americanos, el Museo de La Plata de Argentina, el Museo Nacional de Arte de Bolivia, Instituto do Patrimonio Histórico e Artístico Nacional MEC de Brasil, el Museo Regional de la Universidad del Norte, la Dirección de Educación Primaria y Normal, el Museo Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, el Centro Nacional de Museología, el Museo de La Serena, Dirección Nacional de Turismo, la Biblioteca Nacional y el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Instituto Colombiano de Cultura (Colombia), Museo Banco Central del Ecuador, la Dirección General de Cultura de El Salvador, el Instituto de Antropología e Historia de Guatemala, el Museo Nacional de Antropología de México, la Dirección del Patrimonio Histórico Nacional de Panamá, el centro de Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación de Perú y el Planetario Municipal Agrimensor Germán Barbato, de Uruguay.​​
Durante la mesa, se consideró el rol social y educativo de los museos en sus comunidades y se resolvió la creación de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Museología (ALAM).​ Se visionó a la Museología latinoamericana bajo la forma del Museo Integral, donde los museos sirven como espacio de contacto entre la sociedad, la naturaleza y la cultura.​
Las resoluciones de la Mesa tuvieron una lenta adhesión, dificultada por la serie de golpes de estado en la región durante la década siguiente, particularmente el de Chile, al año siguiente de la resolución.​​
Vitel toné

El vitel toné (del piamontés vitel tonné o vitel tonnà; en italiano: vitello tonnato, ‘ternero atunado’) es un plato típico de la gastronomía de Italia, de la región de Piamonte. También es popular en Argentina y Paraguay.​
Se prepara con carne vacuna (en Argentina se prepara con cortes tales como el peceto o en menor medida, la lengua), acompañada de una salsa cuyos ingredientes principales son mayonesa, lomitos de atún, caldo de carne, anchoas y alcaparras. La crema de leche no es un ingrediente original.
Tradicionalmente se prepara en ocasión de las fiestas de Navidad y fin de año, como plato frío de entrada.​
Gastronomía de Campania

La gastronomía campana (cucina campana) son las tradiciones culinarias practicadas en Campania, región al sur de Italia, con capital en Nápoles. La Campania goza de un favorable clima mediterráneo y un suelo fértil gracias a la actividad volcánica, que han propiciado una cocina regional antigua, variada y que es conocida a nivel internacional gracias a preparaciones como la pizza, el timbal de macarrones, la lasaña, y a ingredientes básicos como la salsa de tomate, la mozarela de búfala o el gelato.​​
Asimismo, cabe destacar la pasta de Campania, que se caracteriza por ser una pasta seca, y la tradición culinaria local de pescados, mariscos y otros productos del mar.​
Por los ingredientes de su dieta, la cocina campana se considera una cocina mediterránea. En el recetario tradicional es frecuentemente encontramos el perejil, la albahaca y otras hierbas mediterráneas.​
Las Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas (IGP) que la Unión Europea ha definido en Campania son:
Las Denominaciones de Origen Protegidas (DOP) que la UE ha definido en Campania son:
Como primeros platos, la pasta de Campania juega un papel fundamental. Las formas más habituales de prepararlo son:
DOP/DOGC:
D.O.P./D.O.C.:
I.G.T.:
Sopa de fideo

Sopa de fideo (Spanish for "noodle soup"), also referred to as sopita de fideo, is a stock-based noodle soup that is a part of the cuisines of Spain, Mexico, and Cavite, a province in the Philippines.
In Spain and Mexico, sopa de fideo is made with thin noodles (typically vermicelli and angel hair pasta) which are typically broken or cut and then browned separately prior to being stewed in stock with the other soup ingredients. Additional soup ingredients include bell pepper, onion and garlic, tomatoes, tomato sauce, chicken, chili peppers, vegetable oil, salt and pepper.
Sopa de fideo in the Philippines differs significantly in the ingredients and the noodles used. It uses glass noodles (sotanghon) in chicken stock with tomato sauce, milk, beans (mung beans or garbanzos), garlic, onions, and corn kernels. It also includes meat ingredients like ham, ground pork (giniling), chicken liver, and chicken gizzards.
රත්මලාන ශ්‍රී පුෂ්පාරාම විහාරය

ශ්‍රී පුෂ්පාරාම විහාරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බස්නාහිර පළාතේ රත්මලාන පිහිටි එෙතිහාසික බෞද්ධ විහාරස්ථානයක් වේ. එය කොළඹ-ගාල්ල ප්‍රධාන මාර්ගයෙහි පිහිටි ශ්‍රී ධර්මාරාම මංසන්ධියට ආසන්නව පිහිටා තිබේ. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරකයක් ලෙස වර්තමානයේදී විහාරය රජය විසින් නම් කොට තිබෙන අතර නාමකරණය 2007 වර්ෂයේ පෙබරවාරි 23වන දිනදී රජයේ ගැසට් අංක 1486 යටතේ සිදුකොට තිබේ.
කෝට්ටේ රජ මහා විහාරය

කෝට්ටේ රජ මහා විහාරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ බස්නාහිර පළාතේ ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ පිහිටි ඓතිහාසික බෞද්ධ විහාරස්ථානයක් වේ. එය කොට්ටේ මාර්ගයෙහි පිටකෝට්ටේ ගල් අම්බලම පිහිටි පිටකොට්ටේ හන්දියට ආසන්නව පිහිටා තිබේ. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරකයක් ලෙස වර්තමානයේදී විහාරය රජය විසින් නම් කොට තිබෙන අතර නාමකරණය 2013 වර්ෂයේ මැයි 17 වන දින දී රජයේ ගැසට් අංක 1811 යටතේ සිදුකොට තිබේ.
කොස්කඳවල රජ මහා විහාරය

කොස්කඳවල ශ්‍රී සුනන්දාරාම පිරිවෙන් රජ මහා විහාරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොස්කඳවල පිහිටි පුරාණ බෞද්ධ පුදබිමක් වේ. එය යක්කල නගර හන්දියේ සිට යක්කල - රදාවාන මාර්ගයේ කිලෝමීටර 2.66 පමණ දුරින් පිහිටා තිබේ. වර්තමානයේ මෙම විහාරය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක ස්ථානයක් ලෙස රජය විසින් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කොට ඇත.
ඝණ්ටායි දේවාලය

ඝණ්ටායි දේවාලය හෙවත් ඝණ්ටි දේවාලය යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඉන්දියාවේ මධ්‍ය ප්‍රදේශ්හි ඛජුරාහෝ නගරයේ පිහිටි නටබුන් වූ ජෛන දේවාලයකි. ශෛලිය අතින් පාර්ශ්වනාථ දේවාලයට සමානත්වයක් පෙන්වන මෙම දේවාලය ජෛන තීර්ථංකර රිෂාභනාථ (හෙවත් ආදිනාථ) වෙනුවෙන් පුදකළ ස්ථානයකි. මෙම දේවාලය අයත් වන ඛජුරාහෝ ස්මාරක සමූහය යුනෙස්කෝ ලෝක උරුම අඩවියක් ලෙස නම් කොට ඇත.
ඝණ්ටායි දේවාලයේ ඉදිකිරීම් ක්‍රි.ව. 995 පමණ, එනම් චන්දේල රජකු වූ ධංග රාජ්‍ය සමයයට අයත් යැයි සිතිය හැක. මෙය ඛජුරාහෝවේ පාර්ශ්වනාථ දේවාලයට සමානත්වයක් ඉසිලුව ද, ප්‍රමාණයෙන් විශාල ය. ඒ අනුව පෙනීයන්නේ මෙම දේවාලය ඉදි වූයේ පාර්ශ්වනාථ දේවාලයට පසු කාලයක ඉදි වූ බවයි.
19වන සියවසේ දී ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් කනිංහැම් මෙම දේවාල නටබුන් සමීක්ෂණයෙහි නිරතව සිටිය දී මෙම දේවාල භූමිය අසලින් බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාවක් හමුවූ බැවින්, ‍ඔහු විසින් සිතූයේ මෙය බෞද්ධ විහාරයක් බවයි. කෙසේනමුත්, පුසකාලීන අධ්‍යයන අනුව පෙනී ගොස් ඇත්තේ මෙය ජෛන දේවාලයක් බවයි.
ඉන්දියාවේ පුරාවිද්‍යා සමීක්ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව විසින් මෙම ‍දේවාලය ජාතික වැදගත්කමක් සහිත ස්මාරකයක් ලෙස වර්ගීකරණය කරන ලදී.
ඝණ්ටායි දේවාලයේ ආකෘතිය පාර්ශ්වනාථ දේවාල ආකෘතියට සමානත්වයක් පෙන්නුම් කළ ද, ඝණ්ටායි දේවාලය එමෙන් දෙගුණයක් පමණ විශාලත්වයෙන් වැඩි ය. වර්තමානය වන විට මෙම දේවාලය නටබුන් වී ඇති අතර, එහි බිත්ති ඇද වැටී ඇත. මෙහි ප්‍රවේශ ද්වාරයේ වූ කුළුණු සහ එහි මහා මණ්ඩපය පමණක් අද දක්නට ඇත. මහා මණ්ඩපයේ අලංකාර දොරකඩක් සහිත ය. නමුත් එය වටකොට පිහිටා තිබූ බිත්ති ඇද වැටී ඇත.
වර්තමානයේ දක්නට ඇති කුළුණුවල දම්වැලක් සහ සීනුවක් සහිත (ඝණ්ටි) මෝස්තරයක් දක්නට ලැබේ. දේවාලය නම් කොට ඇත්තේ ද මෙම මෝස්තර නිසායි. මණ්ඩපයේ ද්වාර උඩළිපතෙහි ආදිනථගේ පරිවාර යක්ෂිණික් වන චක්‍රේශ්වරීගේ රුව දැකගත හැක. මෙහි ඇය අත් අටක් සහිතව ගරුඩා මත හිඳ සිටිනු නිරූපිත ය. දොරකඩෙහි කවුළු ස්තරයේ මහාවීරගේ ගර්භනී මෑණියන් සිහිනයෙන් දුටුවේ යැයි පැවසෙන මංගල සංකේත සයක් කැටයම් කොට ඇත.
ප්‍රවේශ ද්වාර මණ්ඩපයෙහි සිවිලිම මංජුසාවල කැටයම්වලින් අලංකාර කොට ඇත. සිවිලිම මායිම් වන ආයත පනේල නර්තන සහ සංගීතඥ රූ වලින් අලංකාර කොට ඇත.
ඝණ්ටායි දේවාලයේ නටබුන් අතුරින් හමුවූ විශාල ප්‍රතිමාවක් වර්තමානයේ ඛජුරාහෝ කෞතුකාගාරයේ තැන්පත් කොට ඇත. මෙම ප්‍රතිමාව මධ්‍යයේ කායෝත්සර්ග ඉරියව්වෙන් වැඩ හිඳින රිෂාභනාථ සහ ජිනවරුන් පනස් දෙදෙනාගේ රූප කැටයම් කොට ඇත. මෙම ප්‍රතිමාවේ වම් පසින් සර්වනුභූති සහ දුකණු පසින් අත් සතරක් ඇති චක්‍රේශ්වරීගේ ද රුව ද දක්නට ලැබේ.
ජෝගේශ්වරී ලෙන්

ජෝගේශ්වරී ලෙන් යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඉන්දියාවේ මුම්බායි ආසන්නයේ ජෝගේශ්වරී හි පිහිටි මුල්කාලීන බෞද්ධ ලෙන් විහාර සමූහයකි. මෙම ලෙන් ක්‍රි.ව. 520 සිට 550 දක්වා කාලයට අයත් වේ. මහායාන බෞද්ධ ගෘහනිර්මාණ ශිල්පයේ අවසන් අවධියට අයත් මෙම ලෙන් පසුකාලීනව හින්දූන් විසින් අත්පත් කරගෙන තිබේ. ඉතිහාසඳ වෝල්ටර් ස්පින්ක් අනුව, ජෝගේශ්වරී ‍යනු (සම්පූර්ණ දිග සැළකූ විට) ඉන්දියාවේ පැරණි ප්‍රධාන ලෙන් විහාර අතර "විශාලතම" ලෙන් වේ.
සැකිල්ල:Caves around Mumbai
සැකිල්ල:India-religious-struct-stub
ධෞලි

ධෞලි කඳු (ඔඩියා: ଧଉଳିଗିରି) පිහිටා ඇත්තේ ඉන්දියාවේ ඔඩිෂාවේ භුබනේස්වර් සිට 8 km දකුණින් දයා ගංගා ඉවුරේ ය. විශාල විවෘත ප්‍රදේශයකින් සමන්විත මෙම කඳුගැටයේ මුදුන තෙක් දිවෙන මාර්ගයේ පසෙක වූ ගිරි කුළක අශෝක අධිරාජයාගේ ප්‍රධාන රාජාඥාවක් සඳහන්ව ඇත. ධෞලි කඳු ප්‍රදේශය කාලිංග යුද්ධය සිදුවූ ප්‍රෙද්ශය යැයි අනුමාන කෙරේ.
මෙහි හමුවන ශිලා ආඥා අතරට අංක I-X, XIV ශිලා ලිපි සහ වෙනත් කාලිංග ආඥා දෙකක්ද ඇතුළත් වේ. කාලිංග ආඥාව VI තුළ, "සමස්ත ලෝකයටම සෙත සැලසීම" සඳහා තමන් තුළ ඇති අභිප්‍රාය නිරූපණය වේ. රාජාඥාවලට ඉහළින් ගලෙන් නෙළන ලද හස්ති රුව ඔඩිෂාවෙන් පැරණිතම බෞද්ධ ප්‍රතිමා නිර්මාණය ලෙස සැලකේ. මෙම හස්ති රුවේ දැක්වෙන්නේ අලියාගේ ඉදිරි කොටස පමණි. නමුත් එහි ස්වරූපය සහ ජංගම ස්වභාවය මැනවින් නිරූපණය කොට ඇත.
සටන සිදුවූ ධෞලි සම්බන්ධයෙන් අශෝකගේ විශේෂ දුර්වලතාවක් පැවතිණි. සටනේ දී දයා ගංගාවේ ජලය රතු පැහැයට හැරුණු බවත්, බොහෝ ජනයා මියගිය බවත් පැවසේ. මේ නිසා අශෝක යුද්ධය සමග සම්බන්ධ නිරර්ථක බව වටහා ගත්තේ ය. මේ නිසා ධෞලි බෞද්ධ ක්‍රියාකාරකම් සම්බන්ධයෙන් වැදගත් මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් බවට පත් විය. එහි ඔහු චෛත්‍ය, ස්තූප සහ ස්තම්භ පිහිටුවී ය. භික්ෂූන් සඳහා ආරාම තැනවූ ඔහු නිලධාරීන් සඳහා උපදෙස් සෙල් ලිපි පිහිටුවී ය. මහජනයා සඳහා දණ්ඩනීතිවල මූලික සිද්ධාන්ත ගෙනහැර දැක්වී ය. ධෞලියේ ස්තූප ඇතුළු සිය නව රාජධානිය සඳහා ඔහු විශේෂ තත්ත්වයක් ලබාදුන්නේ ය.
1970 දශකයේ දී ජපන් බුද්ධ සංඝ සහ කාලිංග නිපොන් බුද්ධ සංඝ සංවිධාන විසින් කන්ද මුදුනෙහි අලංකාර සුදු පැහැ සාම ස්තූපයක් ගොඩනංවන ලදී.
යාබද ප්‍රදේශයේ ද අශෝකානු ආඥා හමුවන අතර, තංකපාණි මාවතේ භාස්කරේශ්වර් දේවාල භූමියෙන් ස්තූපයක යැයි සිතිය හැකි නටබුන් හමු නොවේ. ධෞලිගිරි කන්දේ පුරාතන ශිව දේවාලයක් ද පිහිටි අතර, ශිව රාත්‍රී උත්සවයේ දී එය රැස්වීම් ස්ථානයක් ලෙස ද භාවිතා වේ.
ඛණ්ඩාංක: 20°11′32.54″N 85°50′22.16″E﻿ / ﻿20.1923722°N 85.8394889°E﻿ / 20.1923722; 85.8394889
අයිහොලේ

අයිහොලේ හෙවත් ඓහොළේ, ඓවල්ලි, අහිවොලාල් හෝ ආර්යපුර යන නාමයෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ක්‍රි.ව. සයවන සිට දොළොස්වන සියවස දක්වා කාලයට අයත්, ඉන්දියාවේ කර්ණාටක හි පිහිටි පුරාතන සහ මධ්‍යකාලීන බෞද්ධ, හින්දු සහ ජෛන ස්මාරක අන්තර්ගත ඓතිහාසික අඩවියකි. මෙහි ශේෂව ඇති බොහෝ ස්මාරක ක්‍රි.ව. 7වන සිට 10වන සියවස් අතර කාලයට අයත් ය. මෙම නාමයම සහිත් කුඩා ගම්මානයක වගාබිම් සහ වැලිගල් පර්වතයකින් වටවූ අයිහොලේ හි ලෙන් සහ දේවාල එකසිය විස්සකට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් දක්නට ලැබේ. මෙය බගලකෝට් දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ මාලප්‍රභා ගංගා නිම්නය දිගේ පිහිටියේ ය්.
සැකිල්ල:Hindu inscriptions and arts
සැකිල්ල:Karnataka topics සැකිල්ල:Historical Places in North Karnataka
සැකිල්ල:Tourism in India
Butter lamp

Butter lamps or butterlamps (Tibetan: དཀར་མེ་, Wylie: dkar me; simplified Chinese: 酥油灯; traditional Chinese: 酥油燈; pinyin: sūyóu dēng) are a common feature of Tibetan Buddhist temples and monasteries throughout the Himalayas. The lamps traditionally burn clarified yak butter, but now often use vegetable oil or vanaspati ghee.
The butter lamps help to focus the mind and aid meditation. According to the Root tantra of Cakrasaṃvara Tantra, "If you wish for sublime realization, offer hundreds of lights".
Pilgrims also supply lamp oil to gain merit. The monks in the monastery manage the actual lamps, taking extreme care to avoid starting one of the devastating fires which have damaged many monasteries over the years. For safety, butter lamps are sometimes restricted to a separate courtyard enclosure with a stone floor.
Externally, the lights are seen to banish darkness. Conceptually, they convert prosaic substance into illumination, a transformation akin to the search for enlightenment. Esoterically, they recall the heat of the tummo yoga energy of the Six Yogas of Naropa, an important text for Kagyu, Gelug, and Sakya schools of tantric Buddhism.
Hayagriva Madhava Temple

Hayagriva Madhava Temple is situated on the Manikut hill. The hill is situated in Hajo of Kamrup District in Assam, India. Which is around 30 km to west of Guwahati. The Kalika Purana composed in the 11th century CE in Kamarupa talks about the origin of this form of Vishnu and his final establishment in the hill of Monikut, where the present temple is located. The present temple structure was constructed by the King Raghudeva Narayan in 1583. According to some historians the King of Pala dynasty constructed it in 10th century. It is a stone temple and it enshrines an image of Hayagriva Madhava. Some Buddhists believe that the Hayagriva Madhava temple, best known in the group of Hindu temples, is where the Buddha attained Nirvana. At this imposing temple, the presiding deity is Vishnu, worshipped in the sanctum sanctorum as an idol carved of black stone. Four other stone idols are also in worship as subsidiary deities.
A most striking feature of the temple is the continuous row of elephants carved on the lowest level of the temple walls - a structure akin to the stone cut temple of Ellora. The outer walls of the shrine is also covered with relief figures of the ten incarnations of Vishnu, devotees in procession and episodic scenes from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. There is a big pond known as Madhab Pukhuri near the temple. Doul, Bihu and Janmastami festivals are celebrated every year in the temple.
Sayani, the first wife of Kalia Bhomora Borphukan donated a family of paiks and also a plot of land for their maintenance to the Hayagriva Madhava temple during the reign of Ahom king Kamaleswar Singha. The lamps in the sanctum sanctorum are never put off (akhanda deep) ever. Oil flows into the big earthen lamps through a simple tube connected to the oil tin.
26°14′34″N 91°31′35″E﻿ / ﻿26.2427°N 91.5265°E﻿ / 26.2427; 91.5265
笛膜

笛膜是中國笛子的一個特色。有傳至朝鮮後演變成的大琴繼承了笛膜。最早期的中國笛子是沒有笛膜的。藉由笛膜的震動，產生更為明亮、透明的音色。現大多數的中國竹製吹管樂器都使用笛膜，沒有使用的竹製吹管樂器有新笛（十一孔笛）、簫、口笛等。
在吹孔與左手食指按孔中間（演奏者將笛子擺右邊），有一笛膜孔。演奏前，須以阿膠或白芨等將膜貼於笛膜孔上，即可進行演奏。
有笛膜的笛子，在音波形成駐波的同時，同時也震動了貼於笛孔上的笛膜，產生與其響亮且獨特的音色。
蘆葦會因為陽光的照射、水份的多寡、土質等等因素而讓蘆葦膜有不同的韌性、含水量等，所以如果想要採集到自己喜歡的蘆葦膜，採集的時間、地點就非常重要。
大多數的笛膜供應商會將原本管狀的膜壓平，使其便於收藏與販賣。
當要使用新笛膜時，需先將笛上的舊笛膜清除。從條狀的笛膜撕下比笛膜孔的寬度多寬半倍到一倍寬度的笛膜，用刀沿著笛膜旁邊壓平的痕跡切開並將它攤平。在貼上前，為了方便笛膜震動，需要在笛膜上做出一些皺摺。讓笛膜的平面面向自己而且使的紋路成垂直，以手指握住笛膜兩端並輕輕地拉扯，使其產生與笛膜紋路垂直的皺摺。之後用阿膠、白芨等均勻的塗在孔的周圍，接著把笛膜以笛膜上的紋路與竹笛上竹子原本的紋路呈平行方向貼上，最後調整膜的鬆緊程度。