davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Hyujeong

Hyujeong (Korean: 휴정; Hanja: 休靜, 1520–1604), also called Seosan Daesa (서산대사; 西山大師) was a Korean Seon master. As was common for monks in this time, he travelled from place to place, living in a succession of monasteries. Buddhist monks had been forced to keep a low profile since General Yi Seonggye had been forced to eject Buddhism from its state of total permeation of government in order to gain the support of Neo-Confucian scholar-officials to consolidate his position against his Buddhist political opponents when he overthrew Gongyang of Goryeo in 1392 to become King Taejo of Joseon.
Before ever having tested his hand as a military commander, Hyujeong was a first-rate Seon master and the author of a number of important religious texts, the most important of which is probably his Seongagwigam (Korean: 선가귀감; Hanja: 禪家龜鑑), a guide to Seon practice studied by Korean monks even today. Like most monks of the Joseon period, Hyujeong had been initially educated in Neo-Confucian philosophy. Dissatisfied, though, he wandered through the mountain monasteries. Later, after making a name for himself as a teacher, he was made arbiter of the Seon school by Myeongjong of Joseon, who was sympathetic towards Buddhism. He soon resigned from this responsibility, though, returning to the itinerant life, advancing his Seon studies and teaching at monasteries all around Korea.
At the beginning of the 1590s, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, after stabilising Sengoku-era Japan under his rule, made preparations for a large-scale invasion of Joseon. Joseon was unaware and was unprepared for the Japanese invasion. In 1592, after Japan's request for aid conquering Ming China was rebuffed, approximately 200,000 Japanese soldiers invaded Joseon, and the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) began.
At the beginning of the first invasion, Seonjo of Joseon fled the capital, leaving a weak, poorly trained army to defend the country. In desperation he called on Hyujeong to organise monks into guerilla units. Even at 73 years of age he managed to recruit and deploy some 5,000 of these warrior monks, who enjoyed some instrumental successes.
At first, the government armies of Joseon suffered repeated defeats, and the Japanese armies marched north up to Pyongyang and Hamgyong Province. At sea, however, the Joseon navy, under the command of Admiral Yi Sun-sin, enjoyed successive victories. Throughout the country, loyal volunteer armies formed and fought against the Japanese together with the warrior monks and the government armies of Joseon.
The presence of Hyujeong's monk army, operating out of the Heungguksa deep in the mountain of Yeongchwisan, was a critical factor in the eventual expulsion of the Japanese invaders in 1593 and again in 1598.
The Taekwon-Do pattern Seo-San is named in his honor.
Bibliografi Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla menulis beberapa buku dan artikel untuk majalah dan jurnal. Di antara beberapa buku itu adalah My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla; The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, terkompilasi dan dieditori oleh David Hatcher Childress; dan The Tesla Papers.
Banyak tulisan Tesla tersedia di web dan menjadi domain umum termasuk The Problem of Increasing Human Energy, yang ditulis untuk The Century Magazine tahun 1900, dan artikel Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency, terpublikasikan dalam bukunya, Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla.
From his childhood on Tesla wrote poetry but considered it too personal to be published. In the late 1920s, Tesla composed a poem—"Fragments of Olympian Gossip"—for his friend, George Sylvester Viereck, an illustrious German poet and mystic. It poked vitriolic fun at the scientific establishment of the day. For example, he derided Albert Einstein for claiming that matter and force are transmutable (Mass–energy equivalence), noting that Archimedes and Isaac Newton had stated that they are not. Dari masa kecilnya di Tesla menulis puisi tetapi menganggapnya terlalu pribadi untuk diterbitkan. Pada akhir 1920-an, Tesla menulis sebuah puisi— "Fragmen Gosip Olimpiade" - untuk temannya, George Sylvester Viereck, seorang penyair dan mistikus terkenal dari Jerman. Ini menyulut kegembiraan yang tajam di lembaga ilmiah saat itu. Sebagai contoh, ia mencemooh Albert Einstein karena mengklaim bahwa materi dan kekuatan dapat ditransmisikan (kesetaraan massa-energi), mencatat bahwa Archimedes dan Isaac Newton telah menyatakan bahwa mereka tidak.
Kategoru:Binliografi Nikola Tesla
Monobloc (kursi)

Kursi Monobloc (dari mono- ("satu") + bloc ("blok"), yang berarti objek yang ditempa dalam satu bagian) adalah kursi polipropilena ringan yang dapat ditumpuk dan biasanya berwarna putih. Kursi ini sering dideskripsikan sebagai kursi plastik paling umum di dunia.
Berdasarkan desain asli oleh desainer Kanada D.C. Simpson pada tahun 1946, varian kursi plastik one-piece mulai diproduksi bersama Allibert Group dan Grosfillex Group pada 1970-an. Mereka terinspirasi oleh desain Chair Universal 4867 oleh Joe Colombo dari tahun 1965, tetapi tidak ada paten yang diajukan untuk desain kursi monobloc. Sejak itu, jutaan kursi ini telah diproduksi di berbagai negara termasuk Rusia, Taiwan, Australia, Meksiko, Amerika Serikat, Italia, Prancis, Jerman, Maroko, Turki, Israel, India dan Tiongkok. Kursi Monobloc dinamai demikian karena dibuat dengan injeksi molding dari termoplastik polipropilena. Butiran polipropilena dipanaskan hingga sekitar 220 derajat Celsius, dan lelehannya disuntikkan ke dalam cetakan. Gerbang cetakan biasanya terletak di kursi, sehingga memastikan kelancaran aliran ke semua bagian alat.
Hampir satu miliar Monobloc telah dijual di Eropa saja, dengan satu pabrikan Italia memproduksi lebih dari sepuluh juta setahun. Ada banyak varian desain dari ide dasar kursi ini. Kursi ini berharga sekitar $3,50 untuk diproduksi, membuatnya terjangkau di seluruh dunia. Desain yang bisa ditumpuk membantu dalam mengatur pertemuan besar dan penyimpanan kursi sesudahnya. Di negara-negara berkembang dengan pertumbuhan populasi yang tinggi, monobloc digunakan untuk menampung ribuan jemaat gereja sekaligus. Teoretikus sosial Ethan Zuckerman menggambarkan kursi itu telah mencapai ubikuitas global kultural.
The Voice Kids Indonesia (TV series)

The Voice Kids Indonesia is an Indonesian music talent show for young singers aged 8 to 15, based on the concept of the show The Voice Indonesia. The first broadcast was on August 26, 2016, on GTV (formerly Global TV). The show has initially aired three seasons from 2016 to 2018. The fourth season was in 2021, scheduled after a two-year break. As of 2023, a fifth season has yet to be confirmed.
For the Blind Auditions, each contestant takes the stage individually and sings to an audience and a panel of judges who have their chairs turned away from the singers. In a blind audition, only the judges make the decision on the quality of the contestant's voice. However, the studio audience are listening in on the performance, as are viewers of the TV show. If the judge likes the contestant's voice, they will hit the "I WANT YOU" button which makes their chair rotate to face the stage. Contestants selected by more than one judge must choose a judge to accompany them to the next round. If no judges hit the "I WANT YOU" button, the contestants do not move on to the next round.
Three singers compete by singing individually, and the coach chooses a winner. Winners advance to the Sing Off. Contestants that do not win are eliminated.
All artists who advanced from the battle rounds will sing a song on the sing-off. In each team, only four acts shall be chosen to go to the semifinals.
Each contestant will sing 'live' in front of the coach and viewers. In the semifinals, the entire Indonesian audience will determine which contestants will proceed to the next round through the voting system.
This round is the final round that will determine the champion of The Voice Kids Indonesia.
notes :
Warning: the following table presents a significant amount of different colors.
Melicope elleryana

Melicope elleryana, commonly known as pink flowered doughwood, pink evodia, corkwood, or saruwa, is a species of rainforest shrub or tree in the family Rutaceae, and is native to New Guinea, parts of eastern Indonesia, the Solomon Islands and northern Australia. It has trifoliate leaves and pink to white, bisexual flowers arranged in panicles in leaf axils.
Melicope elleryana is a shrub or tree that typically grows to a height of 18–25 m (59–82 ft) with a trunk diameter of about 60 cm (24 in). The bark is pale brown and corky, especially at the base of the trunk. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs and trifoliate on a petiole 20–110 mm (0.79–4.33 in) long. The leaflets are elliptical, sometimes egg-shaped, 55–200 mm (2.2–7.9 in) long and 35–80 mm (1.4–3.1 in) wide, the end leaflet on a petiolule 5–17 mm (0.20–0.67 in) long. The flowers are bisexual and arranged in panicles 25–60 mm (0.98–2.36 in) long. The sepals are round to egg-shaped, 1.3–2 mm (0.051–0.079 in) long and joined at the base. The petals are pink to white, 3.5–6.5 mm (0.14–0.26 in) long and there are four stamens. Flowering occurs from November to February and the fruit consists of up to four follicles 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long, containing shiny black seeds 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in diameter.
Pink-flowered doughwood was first formally described in 1865 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Euodia elleryana and published the description in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected by Anthelme Thozet near Beddome Creek (near Rockhampton). In 1990, Thomas Gordon Hartley changed the name to Melicope elleryana in the journal Telopea. The specific epithet (elleryana) honours the Victorian government astronomer, Robert L. J. Ellery.
Melicope elleryana grows in coastal and inland forest, woodland and rainforest from sea level to an altitude of 760 m (2,490 ft). It occurs from the Maluku Islands east to the Solomon Islands and south to New Guinea and northern Australia. In Australia it is found in the far north-east of Western Australia, the Top End of the Northern Territory, northern and eastern Queensland and south to the Clarence River in northern New South Wales.
This tree is the favoured food plant for the Ulysses butterfly, Papilio ulysses. Germination is unpredictable, starting within 30 days or possibly taking several years. Soaking the seeds for several days appears to remove some of the germination inhibitors.
This species is often cultivated as an ornamental tree. In New Guinea it is said to be used to flavour palm wine and an exudate from the bark is used as an adhesive, for caulking canoes and as a wound treatment.
Sesbania grandiflora

Sesbania grandiflora, common names vegetable hummingbird, katurai, agati, and West Indian pea, is a leguminous tree of family Fabaceae native to Malesia, including Malaysia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. It is widely distributed globally in equatorial regions. The flowers are eaten in Southeast and South Asia.
Sesbania grandiflora is a leguminous tree of family Fabaceae. It is fast-growing and soft-wooded, and it grows to heights of 5–20 metres (16–66 feet). The leaves are regular and rounded, and grow to 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long, with leaflets in 10–20 pairs or more and an odd one. The flowers white, red or pink and are oblong, 1.5–10 cm (1–4 in) long in lax, with two to four flower racemes. The calyx is campanulate and shallowly two-lipped. The fruits, or seed pods, look like flat, long, thin green beans. They are slender, falcate or straight, and 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long, with a thick suture, and each contains approximately thirty 8 mm (0.3 in) seeds. The tree thrives under full exposure to sunshine and is extremely frost sensitive.
It is native to Maritime Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei) to New Guinea. It is cultivated in many parts of South India and Southeast Asia. It grows where there is good soil and a hot, humid climate.
Feed from the seed can be deadly to chickens.
S. grandiflora has many traditional uses. Its flowers are 92% water, 7% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and contain no fat. In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), the flowers supply 27 calories, and are a rich source of vitamin C (88% of the Daily Value, DV) and folate (26% DV).
The flowers of S. grandiflora are eaten as a vegetable in Southeast Asia, including Java and Lombok in Indonesia, the Ilocos Region of the Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. In the Thai language, the flowers are called ดอกแค (dok khae) and are used in the cuisine both cooked in curries, such as kaeng som and kaeng khae, and raw or blanched with nam phrik. The flowers are also prominently used in Cambodian cuisine and are associated with the Bon Om Touk. The flower's stamen is generally discarded before use. In addition to raw and blanched, the flowers can also be battered and deep fried. In some parts of West Bengal in India the flowers are locally called Bok ful resembling the Egret bird from Heron family of birds. The flowers are a part of the Bengali cuisine as they are battered and fried and the fritters are served with meals.
The leaves are also edible. The leaves are eaten young. The seed pods are also consumed, similarly only when young.
The leaves are sometimes available commercially, but flowers and seed pods come primarily from kitchen gardens. The common name of the flower is Heron Flower. It is very popular in Assam, India where it is known as Bok Phool. However, it is not available in abundance in Assam.
It is used to make highly nutritional fodder for ruminants like cattle, but it is deadly to chickens.
Media related to Sesbania grandiflora at Wikimedia Commons
A Chair for My Mother

A Chair for My Mother is a 1982 Caldecott Honor book by Vera Williams. According to the book's inscription, it was written in memory of the author's mother, Rebecca Poringer Baker. In January 2007, a 25th anniversary edition of the book was released.
A Chair for My Mother is a read-aloud picture story book, written for an audience between ages 4 and 8. Williams uses primary colors in the illustrations that are drawn as if by the young girl in the story.
When Williams was a child, she resented a chair that her mother had bought on an installment plan. Her mother was training to become a nurse, working 12-hour-days, and wanted a chair to relax in. The family had to forgo other purchases to make the payments for the chair. Williams always regretted saying to her mother, "You shouldn't have bought the chair if you couldn't afford it." She drew on that experience to write A Chair for My Mother.
A Chair for My Mother is told from the first-person point of view of a young girl who watches her mother work hard to bring home money, specifically tips to put into a large jar. The little girl says that they are saving up the coins for a new chair, because their old furniture had burned up in a fire at their old house. She tells the events of the fire and how she, her mother, and her grandmother had to go stay with her aunt and uncle. Her aunt and uncle then moved downstairs, so the girl's mother was left to fill the apartment. Everyone in the neighborhood pitched in to help them decorate their new place bringing a rug, new curtains, a kitchen table and more. The story returns to present day, a year after the fire. The jar is now full, so they count up all the change and put them in rolls. They tried many different chairs until they found the perfect one, red with pink flowers on it. The story wraps up with the girl, her mother, and her grandmother spending time together enjoying their new chair.
In 1983, Williams published Something Special for Me, a sequel to A Chair for My Mother, in which the family saves coins for an accordion for the young girl.
Yakan

Ang mga Yakan ay ang pangunahing pangkat ng mga Muslim na nasa Basilan, isang pulo na nasa timog lamang ng lalawigan ng Zamboanga sa Mindanao, Pilipinas. Tinawag ng mga Kastila ang mga taong Yakan bilang Sameacas at itinuring nila ang mga taong ito bilang "mahirap lapitan" at kung minsan bilang mga taong mapusok na naninirahan sa mga burol (Wulff 1978:149; Haylaya 1980:13).
Ang mga Yakan ay mayroong tampok na mga katangian na mula sa mga Malay. Maliit ang balangkas ng kanilang pangangatawan, na mayroong kayumangging balat, singkit na mga mata at maiitim na mga buhok; na mga katangiang kahalintulad ng sa mga Dayak ng Hilagang Borneo. Nagsasalita ang mga Yakan ng isang wikang nakikilala bilang Bahasa Yakan, na isang baryasyon ng Samal Sinama o Siama at ng Mga Wika ng Tausug (Jundam 1983: 7-8). Isinusulat ang wikang Yakan sa alpabetong Arabeng Malayano, na mayroong mga adaptasyon o pagbabagay ng mga tunog na wala sa wikang Arabe (Sherfan 1976).
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Tao, Kalinangan at Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Sulu

Ang Sulu ay isang lalawigan sa Pilipinas na matatagpuan sa Kapuluan ng Sulu sa pinakadulong katimugang bahagi ng Pilipinas. Nasa pagitan ito ng Dagat Sulu at Dagat Celebes. Binubuo ito ng 400 na nakakalat at layu-layong maliliit na pulo. Tausug ang pangunahing wika na sinasalita dito.
Ang kabuuang sukat ng Sulu ay 1,600.4 kilometro parisukat, at pang-15 pinakamalaking pulo sa kapuluan ng Pilipinas.
Ang lalawigan ng Sulu ay nahahati sa 19 mga bayan.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Jolo, Sulu

Ang Bayan ng Jolo ay isang ika-3 klaseng bayan sa lalawigan ng Sulu, Pilipinas. Ayon sa senso ng 2020, ito ay may populasyon na 137,266 sa may 20,354 na kabahayan. Taong 2017 sa pagbabago ng Pederalismo sa Pilipinas ang Jolo ay ang (kapitolyo) ng Bangsa Sug.
Ang bayan ng Jolo ay nahahati sa 8 mga barangay.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Muslim

Ang isang Muslim (sa wikang Arabo: مسلم) ay ang taga-taguyod ng Islam. Sa literal na kahulugan ng salita, ang Muslim ay sinumang tao na ipinagkaloob ang sarili sa Diyos (Allah sa wikang Arabo)..
Tinatanggap ng karamihan ng mga Muslim bilang kapwa Muslim ang sinumang matapat na binigkas ang Shahada, isang ritwal na pagpahayag ng pagkakaloob sa Diyos at ang paninindigang na si Muhammad ang huling propeta. Isinasalarawan ng mga Muslim ang mga maraming karakter sa Tanakh at Bibliya, katulad nina Musa (Moses) at Isa (Hesus), bilang mga Muslim, dahil, bilang mga propeta, ipinagkaloob nila ng buo ang kanilang sarili sa Diyos.
Sa Islam, kinakailangang mamuhay ang mga Muslim ayon sa mga patakarang ng pamumuhay na itinalaga ng Diyos at sa nakasaad sa mga pahayag na dumaan sa Arabong propetang si Muhammad noong nabubuhay pa siya. Dahil dito tinatawag rin ang mga Muslim bilang mga Mohamedano, ngunit mas ninanais ng mga sumasampalataya sa Islam na tawagin sila bilang mga Muslim o Moslem. Ilan sa mga kadahilan kung bakit mas gusto nilang tawagin silang mga Muslim ang kanilang pagsamba lamang sa Diyos, hindi sa kay Muhammad at dahil na rin sa marami nang iba pang mga Muslim bago pa dumating si Muhammad, kaya't hindi sila dapat na pangalanan alinsunod sa pangalan ni Muhammad.
Para sa mga Muslim, isa lamang sa kanilang mga propeta si Hesus. Hindi sila tinataguriang mga Kristiyano dahil hindi sila naniniwalang anak ng Diyos si Hesus.
Kabilang sa mga pananagutan o obligasyon ng mga Muslim sa kanilang pananampalataya ang pagsasakatuparan ng pananampalataya sa iisang Diyos. Kailangan silang sumamba sa Diyos ng limang ulit sa isang araw, na nakaharap sa kinaroroonan ng Mecca. Dapat silang magbigay ng limos sa mga mahihirap. Nararapat silang mag-ayuno sa buwan ng Ramadan. At kung maaari, kailangan nilang mapuntahan ang Mecca kahit na isang pagkakataon lamang sa kanilang buhay.
Sila ay maaaring matagpuan sa isang distrikto sa Quiapo, Maynila at sa ilang mga bahagi ng Mindanao tulad ng Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Maguindanao, at Lanao del Sur. Sila ang pinakamalaking pangkat ng mga di-Kristiyanong Pilipino at itinuturing na pinakamatapang na pangkat ng mga Pilipino dahil hindi sila natalo o nasakop ng mga dayuhan. Malaki ang pagpapahalaga nila sa kanilang pagkakaibigan at kanilang pagiging matapat. Mayroon silang sari-sarili at katutubong kultura ngunit pareho ang kanilang paniniwala sa relihiyong Islam at ang pagsamba nila sa kanilang diyos na si Allah.
Kabilang din sa pangkat na ito ang mga Maguindanao, Maranao, Samal, Tausug, Yakan, at Badjao.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Inabel

Ang inabel, na tinatawag minsan na abel Iloco o abel lamang, ay isang tradisyon sa paghahabi na katutubo sa mga Ilokano sa Hilagang Luzon sa Pilipinas. Hinahangad ang telang niyari nito sa mga industriya ng moda at disenyong panloob dahil sa lambot, pagkamatibay, kaangkupan sa klimang tropikal, at para sa mga disenyo na di-marangya.
Dahil sa pagkabihira ng mga bihasang manghahabi at pagkabihira ng mga likas na materyales tulad ng sinulid-bulak na yaring-kamay, naging bihira na ang telang ito. Subalit nagpapatuloy pa rin ang mga komunidad ng paghahabi sa mga bayan ng Bangar sa La Union; Santiago, Santa, Bantay, at Vigan sa Ilocos Sur; at Pinili, Paoay, at Sarrat sa Ilocos Norte.
Hinango ang salita mula sa lokal na pandiwa para sa "habi", "abel" at ang pangngalang Ilokano na "inabel", na tumutukoy sa anumang hinabing tela. Inangkop na ito upang tumukoy sa tiyak na uri ng tela na katutubo sa rehiyon ng Ilocos.
Badjao

Ang pangkat na Badjao, Bajau, Sama o Samal, ay naninirahan sa Sulu, sa mga bayan ng Maubu, Bus-bus, Tanjung, Pata, Tapul, Lugus, Bangas, Parang, Maimbung, Karungdung at Talipaw. Tinatawag din silang Luaan, Lutaos, Bajau, Orang Laut, Samal Pal'u at Pala'u. Samal ang kanilang wika.
Kahawig ng mga Samal ang kanilang kultura. May haka-hakang sila at ang mga Samal ay isang pangkat na nagmula sa Johore sa dakong timog ng pinensulang Malaya.
Nakatira sila sa mga bangkang-bahay. Isang pamilya na may miyembrong 2-13 miyembro ang maaaring tumira sa bangkang-bahay.
Pangingisda ang pangunahin nilang hanapbuhay. Gumagawa rin sila ng mga vinta at mga gamit sa pangingisda tulad ng lambat at bitag. Ang mga kababaihan ay naghahabi ng mga banig na may iba't-ibang uri ng makukulay na disenyo. Magaling din silang sumisid ng perlas.
Dahil malapit sa Tausug, karamihan sa kanila ay Muslim. Gayunpaman, naniniwala pa rin sila sa umboh o kaluluwa ng kanilang mga ninuno.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Tao at Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Moro (Pilipinas)

Tumutukoy ang mga Moro sa isang populasyon ng mga Muslim sa Pilipinas, na binubuo ang isang malaking pangkat ng hindi Kristiyano, na binubuo ng mga 5.25% ng bahagi ng populasyon.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Pilipinas ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Ambalang Ausalin

Si Ambalang Ausalin (Marso 4, 1943 - Pebrero 18, 2022) ay isang Yakan na manghahabi na idineklarang isa sa mga Manlilikha ng Bayan para sa taong 2016 sa bisa ng Proklamasyon Bilang 126 na nilagdaan noong Enero 6, 2017 ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas na si Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte.
Ipinanganak si Ambalang Ausalin noong Marso 4, 1943.
Natuto si Ambalang Ausalin o Apuh Ambalang, ang tawag sa kanya ng kanyang kapwa manghahabi sa Lamitan sa komunidad ng mga Yakan, ng paghahabi sa kanyang ina. Ginamit niya ang mga piraso ng lugus at dahon ng niyog sa kanyang pagsasanay sa paghabi. Kalaunan ay tinuruan niya ang kanyang anak na si Vilma at ilan sa kanyang mga pamangkin ng pahahabi upang maipamana ang kanyang kaalaman sa paghahabi at maipagpatuloy ang kultura ng mga Yakan sa paghahabi.
Lubos na iginagalang at pinahahalagan si Ambalang Ausalin dahil sa kanyang walang kapantay na kasanayan sa paghahabi. Kaya niyang gawin ang lahat ng mga disenyo sa lahat ng mga kategorya ng tela sa Yakan. Kaya niyang maghabi ng suwah bekkat at suwah pendan na nasa kategoryang bunga sama pati na rin ng mga disenyo sa mga kategorya ng tela na sinalu’an at seputangan. Ang sinalu’an at seputangan ay ang kategorya ng tela na may pinakakumplikadong habi. Kilala siya sa paghabi ng telang sinalu’an teed na ang disenyong guhitan ay mayroong detalyadong pattern ng maliit na diyamante at mistulang hiniwang tatsulok na kahawig ng tulad ng sa kawayan. Katulad ng kanyang ina, espesyalidad din ni Ambalang Ausalin ang seputangan na napakamahal dahil sa detalyado nitong disenyo. Gumamit siya ng back strap tension loom sa paghahabi.
Yumao si Ambalang Ausalin noong Pebrero 18, 2022 sa edad na 78 taon gulang, sa kaniyang tirahan sa Barangay Parangbasak sa Lungsod ng Lamitan sa probinsiya ng Basilan dahil sa matagal nang karamdaman. Siya ay inilibing ayon sa kaugalian ng Islam kung saan inililibing ang namatay sa loob ng dalawangpu't apat na oras pagkatapos ng kanyang kamatayan. Naiwan ni Ambalang Ausalin ang kanyang anak na si Vilma Ausalin, mga apo at kanyang mga mag-aaral sa Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Apprenticeship Program.
Atin Cu Pung Singsing

Ang Atin Cu Pung Singsing ay isang tradisyunal na awitin ng mga katutubong Pilipino mula sa Gitnang Luzon, na inaawit sa salitang Kapampangan ng mga matatanda at bata. Ang pinagmulan ng katutubong awitin ay hindi alam, at nagkaroon ng debate kung ito ay noong sinaunang kasaysayan o panahon ng kolonyal. . Ngunit ang tono nito ay pinaka-malamang mula sa ika-18 siglo dahil ito ay katulad sa mga Espanyol at Mexicanong katutubong awitin ng panahong iyon. Ang katutubong awit, ay nagtatanghal sa isang babae bilang pangunahing karakter at isang lalaki bilang pangalawang karakter. Ang babae sa awit ay naghahanap ng nawawalang singsing na ibinigay ng kanyang ina at inaalok ang kanyang pagmamahal bilang isang premyo para sa lalaking makakahanap nito.
Ang awiting bayan ay binigyan ng kahulugan ng mga tanyag na artistang Pilipino tulad ni Lea Salonga sa Bahaghari album ni Ryan Cayabyab , Freddie Aguilar at Nora Aunor . Ginampanan din ito ng iba't ibang mga orkestra at mga bandang pang-martsa.
Noong 1985 sa pelikulang Pilipinong Virgin Forest na idinirekta ni Peque Gallaga, ang katutubong awit ay inaawit ng mga nagsasaka habang naglalayag sa Ilog Pampanga .
Ang tanyag na awiting pang bata ng mga Pilipino na Ako Ay May Lobo ay inaawit sa parehong tono katulad ng himig ng katutubong awit.
Alison Marks

Si Alison (Bremner) Marks (ipinanganak 1989) ay isang Tlingit artist at tagapagtaguyod ng wika ng Tlingit. Ang kanyang trabaho - na kinabibilangan ang digital art, pagpipinta, iskultura, at iba pang media - ay tuklasin ang intersection ng katutubong sining (kabilang ang formline ) at digital na kultura. Lumilikha rin siya ng mga tradisyunal na likhang sining para sa kanyang pamayanan sa Alaska na ginagamit para sa mga potlatches at iba pang mga seremonya. Si Marks ay lumaki sa timog, timog Alaska .
Fabián de la Rosa

Si Fabian Cueto de la Rosa (5 Mayo 1869 – 14 Disyembre 1937) ay ang pintor na tiyuhin at guro ng bantog na tagapagpinta ng Pilipinas na si Fernando Amorsolo.
Isinilang si Fabian de la Rosa sa Paco, Maynila bilang pangalawang anak nina Marcos de la Rosa at Gregoria Cueto. Pinaniniwalaang tiyuhin niya si Simon Flores y de la Rosa. Napangasawa niya si Gorgonia Tolentino.
Una siyang nakatanggap ng pagsasanay sa larangan ng pagpipinta noong may sampung gulang pa lamang, mula sa tiyahing si Mariana de la Rosa. Tumanggap rin siya ng pagsasanay mula kay Agustin Saez habang nag-aaral sa Escuela de Bellas Artes y Dibujo (Paaralan ng Pinong Sining at Dibuho), bagaman tatlong taon lamang nagtagal sa paaralang iyon. Napagkalooban din siya ng pagsasanay nina Lorenzo Guerrero at Miguel Zaragoza. Noong 1908, ipinagkalooban siya ng pagkakataon ng Germinal Cigar Factory na maging isang eskolar sa Europa, kung saan nakapag-aral siya sa Academi de Julien ng Paris, Pransiya.
Matapos maglakbay sa Europa, napabilang siya sa mga unang naging guro sa Paaralan ng Pinong Sining sa Pamantasan ng Pilipinas, kung saan ipinakilala niya sa mga estudyante ang madekorasyong anyo ng pagpipinta. Naging ganap na direktor si de la Rosa ng nasabing paaralan mula 1927 hanggang 1937.
Kasama ang esposa, muli siyang nagtungo sa Europa noong 1928, kung saan nagpinta siya sa Paris sa loob ng apat na buwan. Naglakbay din siya sa Munich, Ginebra, at Roma. Nang marating niya ang Madrid, Espanya, itinanghal ang kaniyang mga akdang larawan sa Ateneo de Madrid.
Sinasabing nakapagpinta si de la Rosa ng may 1,000 mga gawa noong nabubuhay pa. Hinati ni Aurelio S. Alvero ang mga gawa ni de la Rosa sa tatlong kapanahunan: sa mga gawang maka-akademiko ngunit walang pagpapahalaga sa atmospera (kapaligiran), sa mga hugis na maka-akademiko na nagkaroon ng pagpapahalaga sa kapaligirang nararamdaman, at sa mga kathang may paglalaro sa paggamit ng mga kulay.
Sa unang kapanahunan kabilang ang dalawa niyang akda na napagkalooban ng mga gantimapala sa isang eksposisyon sa Estados Unidos noong 1904. Ito ang Transplanting Rice (Paglilipat-tanim ng Palay) at ang The Death of General Lawton (Ang Kamatayan ni Heneral Lawton).
MGA NAGAWA
Bagaman yumao na, kinilala at pinagkalooban si de la Rosa ng mga gantimpalang Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinagan ng Lungsod ng Maynila noong 1968.
Nagkamit ng gantimpalang ginto ang Transplanting Rice (Paglilipat-tanim ng Palay) ni de la Rosa sa International Exposition na ginanap sa St. Louis, Missourri noong 1904. Dito rin sa exposisyong ito nagwagi ng gantimpalang tanso (bronze) ang kaniyang The Death of General Lawton (Ang Kamatayan ni Heneral Lawton).
Ginanap ang isang pagtatanghal ng mga larawang ipininta ni de la Rosa sa Museong Jorge B. Vargas ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, sa Diliman, Lungsod ng Quezon, noong 14 Enero 2007. Pinamagatan itong “Fabian De la Rosa (1869-1938) Retrospective Exhibition,” at pinangasiwaan ng pamantasan sa tulong ng Spanish Program for Cultural Cooperation at ng Filipiniana.Net, isang sangay ng Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Huainan

Ang Huainan ay isang antas-prepektura na lungsod na may 2,334,000 katao sa gitnang Anhui, Tsina. Ipinangalan ito mula sa Prinsipalidad ng Huainan noong panahong Han. Hinahangganan nito ang panlalawigang kabisera ng Hefei sa timog, Lu'an sa timog-kanluran, Fuyang sa kanluran, Bozhou sa hilagang-kanluran, Bengbu sa hilagang-silangan, at Chuzhou sa silangan. Isa ang Huainan sa kaibuturang mga lungsod ng Hefei Metropolitan Circle, at kilala ito sa industriyang karbón (coal) at sa mga thermal power station. Ang built-up area nito ay may 1,938,212 katao noong 2010. Ang bulaklak ng lungsod nito ay Tsinong rosas (Rosa chinensis), at ang puno ng lungsod nito ay ang Old-World Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis). Itinuturing din itong lugar ng pagsibol ng tokwa.
Ang sentrong urbano ng antas-prepektura na lungsod ay nasa isang kapatagan sa katimugang pampang ng Ilog Huai at hinahangganan ng Lawa ng Gaotong sa silangan at kagubatang burol na lugar sa timog. Sa kanluran naman ang Distrito ng Bagongshan at ang Shou County.
Ang antas-prepektura na lungsod ng Huainan ay nangangasiwa ng mga dibisyong antas-kondado, kasama ang limang mga distrito at dalawang mga kondado.
Ang mga ito ay nahahati pa sa 66 na mga dibisyong antas-township, kasama ang 24 na mga bayan, 23 mga township at 19 na mga subdistrito.
Isang pangunahing sentro ng pagmimina ng karbón ang Huainan, na may 43.28 milyong tonelada ng nagagawang bato noong 2006.
Ginanap sa lungsod ang ika-17 China Tofu Cultural Festival noong Setyembre 15–17, 2010, kasama ang National Bean Products Exhibition.
Eilyn Nidea

Si Eilyn "Ayen" Lamadrid Nidea-Parocha isang Bikolanang guro, manunulat, artista sa pelikula, manggagawang pangkultura at nagawaran ng Premio Tomas Arejola para sa Literaturang Bikolnon sa kategoryang salaysay (essay) noong 2009. Nagtuturo siya sa Pambansang Paaralan ng Pang-agrikultura asin Pangingisda ng Ragay (RNAFS) sa bayan ng Ragay, Camarines Sur. Siya nagtapos ng kolehiyo sa Pamantasan ng Ateneo de Naga sa Lungsod ng Naga.
Naging tagapagsanay o trainor siya sa High School sa RNAFS para sa iba-ibang klase ng pagsulat: news writing, editorial, sports news writing at iba pa. Ngayon, siya an nagpapatakbo ng Teatro Ragayano, isang grupo ng mga artista sa entablado na itinayo ni Carlos Arejola.
Miyembro si Nidea ng Parasurat Bikolnon na kung saan naging siyang kritiko mula ng 2013 sa Saringsing Writers Workshop, ang taunang pagsulat ng organisasyon. Bàgo nito, siya naging kalahok sa Juliana Arejola-Fajardo Workshop sa Pagsurat-Bikol sa Lungsod ng Naga ng taon 2012.
Sa ginawang Rimpos: art-literature Exhibition ng Salingoy Art Group, nakatampok ng mga obrang guhit ni Maricris Gomez ang saiyang mga tula. Ginawa ang aktibidad sa Naga City Art Gallery sa Jesse M. Robredo Coliseum noong Mayo 4 hanggang 18, ng 2013. Nagpalabas ng isang aklat na kanyang iniayos laman ang maiikling salaysay tungkol sa mga mangguguhit at manunulat na kasali sa aktibidad, gayon din ang mga larawan at mga panulat na ipinakita sa eksibit. Kabali an saiyang erotikang rawitdawit na Pagbaklay sa antolohiyang Ani 38: The Human Body/Ang Katawan na pinagpupublikar kan Sentro Pangkultura kan Filipinas (CCP) kan 2014. Isa din siya sa mga tagapagtayo ng Hagkos Bikolana, isang grupo ng mga babaing manunulat sa Camarines Sur kasama sila Irmina Torres, Marissa Reorizo-Redburn, Lourdes Nieva at iba pa.
Maliban sa pagiging artista sa entablado, lumabas din si Nidea sa mga independyenteng pelikula simula ng 2013 sa pelikulang Angustia ni Kristian Cordero.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.
Salinta Monon

Salinta Monon (December 12, 1920 – June 4, 2009) was a Filipino textile weaver who was the one of two recipients of the National Living Treasures Award in 1998. She was known for her Bagobo-Tagabawa textiles and was known as the "last Bagobo weaver".
Monon was born on December 12, 1920, and grew up in Bituag, Bansalan in Davao del Sur and watched her mother weave ikat a traditional abaca fabric when she was a child, She asked her mother how to use the loom at age 12 and learned how to weave within a few months. She weaved a design for three to four months. In a month she could weave fabric which could be used for a single abaca tube skirt which measures 3.5 x 0.42 meters. Her favorite design is the binuwaya or crocodile which is said to be among the most difficult to weave.
According to Cherry Quizon, an anthropologist based in New York, the origin of Monon's design can be dated back as early as the 1910s.
Monon was awarded the National Living Treasures Award in 1998. She died on June 4, 2009.
President Rodrigo Duterte declared a year-long celebration named "Centennial Year of Salinta Monon" from December 12, 2021, in her honor.
Due to her reputation as a weaver, Agton Monon, a farmer and her husband, had to pay a high bride price to her father Datu Bansalan Barra for him to be allowed to marry her. The two got married on July 4, 1946, and had six children. Salinta Monon had to manage the farm after her husband died in the 1970s..
Yabing Masalon Dulo

Fu Yabing Masalon Dulo (August 8, 1914 – January 26, 2021), commonly referred to as Fu Yabing, was a Filipino textile master weaver and dyer, credited with preserving the Blaan traditional mabal tabih art of ikat weaving and dyeing. At the time of her death, she was one of only two surviving master designers of the mabal tabih art of the indigenous Blaan people of southern Mindanao in the Philippines.
She was given the National Living Treasures Award by the Philippines through the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
Fu Yabing was born on August 8, 1914, in modern-day Polomolok, South Cotabato. She resided on Mount Matutum. Fu Yabing began weaving at age 14. At the time she was born, the United States began its ambition to transform Mindanao as a "land of promise" for industrialized agriculture. During this period, the Blaan people were marginalized, pushed from their settlements to smaller spaces excluded from industrial estates. Their situation further worsened by violence during the 1970s because of the Communist insurgency at the time.
Despite the landscape of which she grew up with, Dulo, along with her husband, continued the Blaan's tradition of animism. She also maintained her understanding of weaving quality.
With the help of her grandniece, Arjho Cariño Turner, she was able to teach her weaving skills to students in nearby villages in upland B'laan in Lamlifew, Malungon, Sarangani. In 2009, Dulo flew to Manila to engage in the ASEAN Textile Symposium at the National Museum of the Philippines. Two of her tabih are considered masterpieces. One of these is displayed in the Philippine National Museum.
She was named a recipient of the National Living Treasure Award in 2016 but it was formally awarded to her in October 2018.
To preserve the Blaan weaving tradition, Fu Yabing taught the craft of tabih to her only daughter Lamina Dulo Gulili and women in her community. She was also given the honorific "Fu," as a Blaan elder.
She retired from weaving in 2018 after a motorcycle accident.
Fu Yabing died in her sleep on January 26, 2021, at the age of 106.
The National Commission for Culture and the Arts praised Dulo for her exceptional skill in Blaan Mabal Tabih and her long-standing role as a teacher and cultural elder within her community.
In an essay by traditional art scholar Marian Pastor-Roces, she regarded Dulo as a "venerable ikat-dyer" who has a sharper memory than blades.
Estelita Bantilan

Bai Estelita Tumandan Bantilan (born Labnai Tumndan; October 17, 1940) is a Filipino textile weaver from the municipality of Malapatan, Sarangani. She is credited with creating "some of the biggest, most subtly beautiful mats to be seen anywhere in Southeast Asia." She was given the National Living Treasure Award by the Philippines through the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in 2016.
Bantilan opened a mat weaving center in Malapatan to preserve and promote the tradition of Blaan weaving.
Bantilan's famous Igem Silel - Blaan Schools of Living Traditions sleeping and placemat weaving is made of sago palm, buri palm or Romblon (Pandanus utilis) leaves colorized with natural dyes Gmelina arborea (Kumil) or turmeric ‘lageh’ Sanbangkil roots for yellow, knalum bark for black and annatto seeds for orange. She works for at least a month to finish Igem Silel, recognized as one of the most vibrant in Southeast Asia.
Yakan language

Yakan is an Austronesian language primarily spoken in Basilan in the Philippines. It is the native language of the Yakan people, the indigenous as well as the largest ethnic group on the island. It has a total of 110,000 native speakers. Despite being located in the Philippines, it is not closely related to other languages of the country. It is a member of the Sama-Bajaw languages, which in turn are related to the Barito languages spoken in southern Borneo, Madagascar and Mayotte.
Yakan has a simple five-vowel system: [a], [e], [i], [o], [u], with phonemic vowel length: ⟨ā⟩ [aː], ⟨ē⟩ [eː], ⟨ī⟩ [iː], ⟨ō⟩ [oː], ⟨ū⟩ [uː].
The following chart lists the consonant phonemes of Yakan.
The consonant d is usually realized between vowels as a flap [ɾ], although some speakers use the stop [d] in all positions.
All consonants except for /d͡ʒ/, /h/, /j/, /w/ and /ʔ/ can occur as lengthened consonants.
The following spelling conventions are used: ⟨y⟩ /j/, ⟨j⟩ /d͡ʒ/, ⟨ng⟩ /ŋ/, ⟨'⟩ /ʔ/.
Sulu Sea

The Sulu Sea (Filipino: Dagat Sulu; Tausug: Dagat sin Sūg; Malay: Laut Sulu; Spanish: Mar de Joló) is a body of water in the southwestern area of the Philippines, separated from the South China Sea in the northwest by Palawan and from the Celebes Sea in the southeast by the Sulu Archipelago. Borneo is found to the southwest and Visayas to the northeast.
The Sulu Sea contains a number of islands. The Cuyo Islands and the Cagayan Islands are part of the province of Palawan whereas Mapun and the Turtle Islands are part of the province of Tawi-Tawi. Sulu Sea is also where the Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park, one of the World Heritage Sites is located.
Panay Gulf is an extension of the Sulu Sea. Straits out of the Sulu Sea include the Iloilo Strait, the Guimaras Strait, and the Basilan Strait.
The sea's surface area is 260,000 square kilometers (100,000 sq mi). The Pacific Ocean flows into Sulu Sea in northern Mindanao and between Sangihe talaud Archipelago, North Sulawesi.
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Sulu Sea as being one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago. The IHO defines its limits as follows:
It extends about 490 miles (790 km) from north to south and 375 miles (604 km) from east to west. Waves can stretch across 25 kilometers (16 mi) to 35 kilometers (22 mi). The sea is 4,400 meters (14,400 ft) deep but on its southern end Sulu Archipelago raises the sea floor to 100 meters (330 ft).
The Star Trek character Hikaru Sulu is named after the Sulu Sea. According to Sulu actor George Takei, "[Gene] Roddenberry's vision for Sulu was to represent all of Asia, being named for the Sulu Sea instead of using a country-specific name".
Thrissur Pooram Exhibition

All India Agricultural, Industrial, Educational and Cultural Exhibition or commonly called the Thrissur Pooram Exhibition is an exhibition organised jointly by Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple Devaswom and Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple Devaswom, ahead of Thrissur Pooram in Thekkinkadu Maidan in Thrissur city. It is usually conducted over a period of 40 to 50 days during the Thrissur Pooram.The exhibition is the largest in Kerala in terms of attendance and floor space.
The exhibition was organised by the youths in freedom fighters in Thrissur City. It was started in 1932 and was known as Swadeshi Exhibition till 1947. Later Thrissur Municipal Corporation took over the event till 1967 and was known as All India Agricultural, Industrial and Educational Exhibition. In 1963 Thrissur Municipal Corporation handed over the exhibition to Paramekkavu and Thiruvambadi Devaswoms. From the next year onwards, it was renamed as Thrissur Pooram Exhibition.
Major participating entities include private and Government companies and departments. Some are Oushadhi, Coir Board, Kerala Police, Kerala Excise, Indian Railways, All India Radio, Bharat Petroleum, Bharat Electronics, Bharat Earth Movers, Bharat Sanchar Nigam, Kerala Forest Department, Food Corporation of India, Coconut Development Board, Hindustan Newsprint Limited, Kerala Agricultural University, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Indian Income-tax Department, Department of Industries (Kerala), Kerala State Pollution Control Board, Indian Space Research Organisation, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute
In 2012, the ticket cost Rs 5 but increased in 2013 to Rs 10. On Pooram day it will cost Rs 15. The exhibition will be open from 10 AM to 9 PM. Around 188 stalls and 80 pavilions have been set up in 2013 for the exhibition. Now the ticket rate is Rs 35/person(full ticket for everyone above 4 years).There are amusement rides for children and food stalls are also there in the exhibition. The exhibition is managed by a committee comprising nominees of Devaswoms, the Thrissur Municipal Corporation, the Cochin Devaswom Board, representatives of social organisations, Government officials and the public.
A Touch of Cloth

A Touch of Cloth is a British television comedy series created and written by Charlie Brooker and Daniel Maier, shown on Sky One. A parody of British police procedural dramas, it stars John Hannah as Jack Cloth, a police detective with personal problems, and Suranne Jones as Anne Oldman, his colleague. The title is a play on the title of the detective series A Touch of Frost and the British expression "touching cloth," a euphemism for a desperate need to defecate. The DVD of the first series was released in the UK on 3 September 2012, and the second and third series were released on 1 September 2014.
Guest stars in this series include Raquel Cassidy as Claire Hawkchurch; Theo Barklem-Biggs as Darren Crossway; Brian Cox as Bill Ball and Kate Fleetwood as Kate Cloth.
Guest stars in this series include Anna Chancellor as Hope Goodgirl; Stephen Dillane as Macratty; Gwyneth Powell as Mrs McClusky; and guest appearances from Graham Cole, Peter Dean, Konnie Huq, Rufus Hound and Richard Osman.
Guest stars in this series include Jessie Morell as Ivy Branch and Adrian Dunbar as Damien Vull.
A joke trailer for the fourth series ended the last episode of series three.
John Hannah claimed, in 2015, that the series had been canceled. "I imagine that's dead. I think it's been too long. I loved that show. Charlie wanted to do more, everyone did. It was Sky I guess. There might have been something to do with the negotiations, I don't know. We did the first one, then they wanted a lot more and Charlie wasn't sure he could sustain it over twelve episodes. So we did two more and then by the third one, they had figured out what they were doing. I think it's dead, it's a couple of years since we did that now. Normally when these things go, they go pretty quickly because people have other commitments, and Charlie is busy. It's a real shame. I doubt I'll be playing DI McDoodah for the next few years!"
A Touch of Cloth received mixed reviews. In its review of the first series, The Guardian wrote that the show is "stuffed to the rafters with jokes", noting the variety of both good and bad jokes. Radio Times also commented on the hit-and-miss nature of the show: "while a lot of [the jokes] don’t stick ... when it’s funny, it’s deliriously so."
Again the show was both criticised and praised for its relentless jokes, with one critic calling the second series "black-hole dense with good gags" and noting that "there may be nothing quite so brilliant on British TV this year", but saying he "couldn't wait for the experience to end", observing Brooker's use of "cop drama clichés" to "strangle [the viewer] with unremitting genius." Series 2 received a similar critical response, with Time Out giving 3 out of 5 stars to the first episode and 2 out of 5 stars to the second episode.
Das lila Lied

"Das lila Lied" (German for "The Lavender Song") is a German cabaret song written in 1920 with lyrics by Kurt Schwabach [de] and music by Mischa Spoliansky and is considered one of the first gay anthems.
The song is a product of Germany's Weimar Republic, during which time lesbians and gay men enjoyed a short period of improvement in quality of life when the government established basic democratic rights that covered the LGBT community and abolished censorship.
The song was written after the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexual Science) under Magnus Hirschfeld made worldwide news with its "First International Conference for Sexual Reform" which called for regulations on sexual behavior to be based on science instead of religion or other unscientific tradition.
The first line of the chorus, "Anders als die Andern" (English: different from the others) is the same as the title of a 1919 gay rights film issued by Magnus Hirschfeld. This has been seen as the affirmation of a differentiated queer identity outside the hetereosexual mainstream.