davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Солёные грибы

Солёные грибы — консервированные съедобные грибы, подвергшиеся молочнокислому брожению под воздействием поваренной соли, в отличие от маринованных грибов — приготовленные без уксуса. Солёные грибы обладают особым вкусом и ароматом, имеют серебристый цвет, они скользкие и студенистые на вид. Для соления пригодны пластинчатые грибы, самыми ценными из которых считаются грузди и рыжики. Менее ценными солёными грибами считаются подгрузди, белянки, волнушки, сыроежки, валуи, свинушки, чернушки и гладыши. В СССР выпускали солёные грузди и рыжики 1-го и 2-го сортов.
Соление грибов на Руси известно с давних времён, когда пригодные для соления грибы ещё назывались «губами», а грибами именовались только те, что имели шляпку в виде горба, и их, согласно «Домострою», полагалось заготавливать сушкой. Солёными груздями и рыжиками, «сырыми и гретыми», питался в Великий пост царь Алексей Михайлович. Заправленные растительным маслом или сметаной нарезанные или тяпоные (рубленые) солёные грибы с луком, чесноком или зеленью — традиционная закуска в русской кухне, рубленые солёные грибы подают гарниром к блинам наряду с икрой и солёной сельдью. Грибную икру из солёных груздей и волнушек, по словам Н. П. Осипова, не отличить от настоящей. Солёные грибы жарят, а также добавляют наряду с солёными огурцами в картофельный салат и солянку.
В солении грибов применяются холодный и горячий способы. При холодном способе очищенные пластинчатые грибы с горьким млечным соком перед солением вымачивают в течение нескольких дней в холодной часто сменяемой воде, вымоченные грибы теряют едкий вкус, набухают и белеют. При горячем способе соления грибы ошпаривают — помещают на несколько минут в кипящий солевой раствор. Обработанные холодным или горячим способом грибы выкладывают в бочку шляпками вниз, пересыпают сухой солью и придавливают грузом, чтобы они осели и выделили сок. На освободившееся в бочке место выкладывают свежие грибы, пересыпая солью. Заполненную бочку укупоривают и ставят на хранение. При засолке холодным способом грибы готовы через 40—45 дней, при горячем — через 25—30 дней. Готовые солёные грибы хранят в холодном помещении, но не замораживают. Плесень, образующуюся на солёных грибах, удаляют сухой чистой тканью. Для длительного хранения солёные грибы перекладывают из кадки в кастрюлю вместе с рассолом, доводят до кипения и стерилизуют в стеклянных банках.
Болотная улица (Москва)

Боло́тная у́лица (с 1960 по 1993 год — у́лица Татья́ны Мака́ровой) — улица в Центральном административном округе города Москвы. Проходит от Фалеевского переулка до Малого Москворецкого моста, проложенного через Водоотводный канал, лежит между Софийской набережной и Водоотводным каналом параллельно им. Нумерация домов ведётся от Малого Москворецкого моста.
Название XVIII века, дано по Болотной площади, от которой берёт начало улица.
Свой теперешний вид — набережной — улица приобрела в конце XVIII века после проведения Водоотводного канала, но сохранив прежний статус улицы.
Во время великопостного торга на Болотной площади рынок распространялся и на Болотную улицу. Торговля здесь велась в основном грибами.
В 1960 году была переименована в улицу Татьяны Макаровой, фронтовой лётчицы, Героя Советского Союза. В 1993 году улице было возвращено историческое название.
По чётной стороне:
По нечётной стороне не застроена, выходит на Водоотводный канал.
Болотная улица изображена на гравюре „Грибной рынок на Канаве“ известного художника-гравёра И. Н. Павлова.
Лисичка и Чайка

Лисичка и Чайка — советские собаки-космонавты.
28 июля 1960 года в СССР с космодрома Байконур состоялся запуск ракеты-носителя нового типа «Восток 1К № 1» с космическим кораблём «Спутник-5-1», в котором находились собаки Лисичка и Чайка. Через 19 секунд у ракеты-носителя разрушился блок «Г» первой ступени, вследствие чего она упала на землю и взорвалась на 38-й секунде. Собаки погибли.
После этого случая конструкторами было принято решение разрабатывать систему аварийного спасения космонавтов не только в полёте, но и на этапах подготовки к нему и собственно пуска. Гибель Лисички и Чайки стимулировала разработку такой системы, и в этом их заслуга перед человечеством. По меньшей мере этим собакам обязаны своей жизнью четверо советских космонавтов — Василий Лазарев, Олег Макаров, Владимир Титов и Геннадий Стрекалов. Первых двух (на «Союз-18-1») созданная впоследствии система спасла на высоте 192 километров после отказа третьей ступени носителя, а двух других (на «Союз Т-10-1») — на самом старте, когда взорвалась ракета.
Интересно, современники отмечали, что рыжая Лисичка была любимицей С. П. Королёва. Конструктор Борис Евсеевич Черток рассказывал:
Лисички (станция)

Лисички — промежуточная железнодорожная станция 5-го класса Гомельского отделения Белорусской железной дороги на линиях Чернигов—Новобелицкая и Бахмач — Новобелицкая, расположенная в посёлке Юбилейный (его отдельной части). Название станции из-за садового товарищества «Лисички», расположенного южнее.
«Разъезд Лисички» был открыта в 1951 году на действующей ж/д линии Новобелицкая—Бахмач Белорусской железной дороги. Ранее на станции осуществлялась только (О) продажа билетов на поезда местного следования без багажных операций. На топографической карте n-36-123 по состоянию местности на 1986 год обозначена. Разъезд был преобразован в станцию и начали осуществляться (Б) продажа билетов на поезда местного и дальнего следования без багажных операций.
Станция представлена 4 боковыми платформами: по две на каждой из линий. Имеет 3 пути: 2 пути на линии Бахмач — Новобелицкая и 1 пути — Чернигов — Новобелицкая. Есть здание вокзала и служебные помещения.
Ежедневно станция принимает бывшие пригородные поезда — поезда региональных линий эконом-класса и городских линий сообщения Кравцовка—Гомель, Гомель—Тереховка, Гомель—Круговец.
Cantharellus cibarius

Cantharellus cibarius (Latin: cantharellus, "chanterelle"; cibarius, "culinary") is the golden chanterelle, the type species of the chanterelle genus Cantharellus. It is also known as girolle (or girole).
Despite its characteristic features, C. cibarius can be confused with species such as the poisonous Omphalotus illudens. The golden chanterelle is a commonly consumed and choice edible species.
At one time, all yellow or golden chanterelles in North America had been classified as Cantharellus cibarius. Using DNA analysis, they have since been shown to be a group of related species known as the Cantharellus cibarius group or species complex, with C. cibarius sensu stricto restricted to Europe. In 1997, C. formosus (the Pacific golden chanterelle) and C. cibarius var. roseocanus were identified, followed by C. cascadensis in 2003 and C. californicus in 2008. In 2018, an Asian species belonging to the C. cibarius complex has been described and sequenced, C. anzutake, recorded in Japan and Korea.
The mushroom is easy to detect and recognize in nature. The body is 3–10 centimetres (1–4 inches) wide and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tall. The color varies from yellow to dark yellow. Red spots will appear on the cap of the mushroom if it is damaged. Chanterelles have a faint aroma and flavor of apricots.
The species can resemble the dangerously poisonous Omphalotus illudens (eastern jack-o'lantern) and Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (the false chanterelle).
The species grows in Europe from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean Basin, mainly in deciduous and coniferous forests and typically from June to December.
A commonly eaten and favored mushroom, the chanterelle is typically harvested from late summer to late fall in its European distribution.
Chanterelles are used in many culinary dishes, and can be preserved by either drying or freezing. The use of an oven for drying is not recommended because it can make the mushroom bitter.
David Arora

David Arora (born October 23, 1952) is an American mycologist, naturalist, and writer. He is the author of two popular books on mushroom identification, Mushrooms Demystified and All That the Rain Promises and More....
Arora first developed an interest in wild mushrooms while growing up in Pasadena, California and organized his first mushroom collecting group while in high school. Later, an idea to start a mushroom club came about, and in 1984 he founded The Fungus Federation of Santa Cruz. He began teaching about wild mushrooms in the early 1970s while living in Santa Cruz, California. Arora has traveled extensively throughout North America and the world, photographing and hunting mushrooms and learning about the mushroom gathering traditions and economies of different cultures.
Mushrooms Demystified was first published in 1979 and was republished in a revised and substantially expanded edition in 1986. Though Mushrooms Demystified encountered some initial resentment and negative reviews among academic mycologists when it first appeared, the mushroom key and descriptions in this work are highly regarded and the book is recommended by a number of mycological authors. The smaller All That the Rain Promises and More... followed in 1991.
In addition to his field guides, he has written several articles on amateur and commercial mushroom hunting, its role in the economic development of rural communities, and about conflicts related to conservation issues related to mushroom hunting.
Arora has also authored or contributed to several papers on fungal taxonomy. In 1982, he co-authored an extensive description of the stinkhorn species Clathrus archeri, documenting its first known appearance in North America, an extensive fruiting of this species in his home town of Santa Cruz. In 2008, he was primary author of two papers that provided a taxonomic revision of the California golden chanterelle and of several species in the Boletus edulis complex found in California. The California golden chanterelle was described as a distinct species, Cantharellus californicus, while several California porcini species were described as distinct species or subspecies, Boletus edulis var. grandedulis, Boletus regineus (formerly described as Boletus aereus), and Boletus rex-veris (formerly described as Boletus pinophilus).
The mushroom Agaricus arorae is named after David Arora. In his book All that the Rain Promises and More..., Arora notes that it "'bleeds' readily like its namesake when cut," a reference to the tendency of some Agaricus species (including A. arorae) to "bleed" or stain red when cut or bruised. In 2004 Arora left his long-time home of Santa Cruz and moved north to Mendocino county settling near the coastal town of Gualala, California.
Pegtymel

The Pegtymel (Russian: Пегтымель) is a river in Far East Siberia, Russia. It is 345 kilometres (214 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 17,600 square kilometres (6,800 sq mi). It passes through the sparsely populated areas of the Siberian tundra and flows into the East Siberian Sea west of the Long Strait. Its mouth is between Cape Shelagsky on Chaunskaya Bay and Cape Billings to the east. Its most important tributary is the Kuvet which joins it from the right side.
The Pegtymel and its tributaries belong to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug administrative region of Russia.
There are ancient rock paintings on a site close to the Pegtymel. The petroglyphs show boats, reindeer hunting, and mushroom-headed figures likely representing a ritual with the hallucinogenic mushroom fly agaric (Amanita muscaria).
Nick Crowe (artist)

Nick Crowe (born 1968) is an English artist from Yorkshire. He works in a range of raw materials and live comic situations; some of his earlier work is internet-based. He is a Senior Lecturer in Fine Art Practice at Goldsmiths, University of London. Crowe lives in Berlin and works in London and Manchester. You can also find Crowe live streaming on Twitch as he documents his artistic progress in his rustic Berlin countryside barn.
Crowe was born in Barnsley and studied English literature and drama at Hull University. He began working in experimental theatre and performance in 1989, establishing Index Theatre Co-operative with David Whitaker, Julian Hammond, Jane Gant, Adele Fowles and Les Hampson. Index changed its membership over time, producing innovative performance works.
Crowe then went on to develop his practice in a range of media including film, drawing, new media and etched glass. His art uses a range of strategies including the exploration of the role of technology and its effects on everyday life.
Since the 1990s he was involved in setting up a range of artist-led initiatives including The Annual Programme in Manschester (1995–2000) and The Manchester Pavilion at the Venice Biennale (2001–2005). In 2003, he and regular collaborator Ian Rawlinson co-curated Artranpennine03, a trans-regional exhibition of public art.
Several of Crowe's pieces are internet-based. SERVICE 2000, for example, was a ring of spoof websites for notable art galleries. Other work, like "Discrete Packets" and "Police Radio" use the web as a medium for exploring wider cultural concerns. Crowe also works a great deal in more traditional art media including film and photography as well as installation and publishing. He also produces engraved glass works which deal with subjects as wide as internet memorial web pages and the occupation of Iraq. Some film and video work, uploaded to YouTube has engaged with the pitfalls and possibilities of the online participatory culture with increasingly subtle use of displacement and irony.
In 2003, Chisenhale Gallery commissioned Crowe to produce "Getting On", a reflection on age, youth and contemporary Britain, that comprised "a group of metallic-finish, scarlet mobility scooters and a soundtrack of Deutsche Grammophon classical pieces. In the same year, Nick Crowe was shortlisted for the Beck's Futures prize.
Since 1994 Crowe also has a collaborative practice with Manchester based artist Ian Rawlinson. Together they have worked on many projects using boredom to deal with issues surrounding national identity, politics and faith.
Exhibitions include:
In 2009, they were shortlisted for the Northern Art Prize.
Raijū

In Japanese mythology, the raijū (雷獣, らいじゅう, lit. "thunder animal/beast") is a legendary creature associated with lightning and thunder, as well as the god Raijin.
A raijū's body is composed of (or wrapped in) lightning and commonly conceived of as taking the form of a white-blue wolf or dog, among other such animal forms as a tanuki, rabbit, porcupine, bear, squirrel, rat, mouse, deer, boar, leopard, fox, weasel, black or white panther, serow, ferret, marten, marine mammal (such as whale, dolphin or seal), tiger, and cat. It may also fly about as a ball of lightning (in fact, the creature may be an attempt to explain the phenomenon of lightning, such as ball lightning). Its cry sounds like thunder.
Raijū is the companion of Raijin, the Shinto god of lightning. While the beast is generally calm and harmless, during thunderstorms it becomes agitated, and leaps about in trees, fields, and even buildings (trees that have been struck by lightning are said to have been scratched by raijū's claws).
Another of raijū's peculiar behaviors is sleeping in human navels. This prompts the Raijin to shoot lightning arrows at raijū to wake the creature up, and thus harms the person in whose belly the demon is resting. Superstitious people therefore often sleep on their stomachs during bad weather, but other legends say that raijū will only hide in the navels of people who sleep outdoors.
It is believed that the myth of raijū originated from the Chinese materia medica text Bencao Gangmu. Scholars believe that there were raijū sightings and documentation during the Edo period in the history of Japan. However, it is also believed that because the sky was an unexplored territory and Western scientific and technological knowledge had not yet reached Japan, the mysterious phenomenon of thunder and lightning were attributed to the notoriety of raijū.
Raijū are given negative connotations as many things were happening in the sky beyond the reach of humans during the Edo period. While the depths of oceans were also inaccessible to human reason, oceans were helping humans with fishes (food) and sustained life forms. In this sense, phenomena of the sky were transcendental and given negative connotations to the phenomena and the creature.
Dead animals were found from under trees after a stormy night in Japan. Attempts were made to debunk this myth. It was claimed that dead raijū are essentially real dead animals startled or knocked off from the tree during tempestuous weather of Japan. Recent theories suggest that raijū are essentially a small tree-dwelling creature known as the masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), which is actually native to certain countries in southern, eastern and southeastern Asia. While some scholars believe that the masked palm civet was brought to Japan by World War II soldiers as pets, the bearish resemblance of raijū in paintings from the Edo period to this civet also suggests that it has been around in Japan since much earlier.
Неодим

Неодим (Англи: Neodymium) дэс дугаар 60, Nd тэмдэглэгээтэй химийн элемент юм. Үелэх системийн лантаноидын бүлэгт байдаг учраас газрын ховор металлд тооцогдоно. Энэхүү элементийн нэр нь грек хэлний νέος неос ‚шинэ‘ ба δίδυμος дидимос ‚ихэр‘ (Лантаны ихэр гэдэг утгаар хэрэглэсэн) гэсэн үгнүүдээс гаралтай.
Далайн орнууд

Далайн орнууд хэмээх нэршлээр номхон далайн хойд болон австралийн зүүн талаарх арлын орнуудыг хэлдэг. 7500 орчим арлын нийт хуурай газрын талбай нь 1,3 сая км² (Монгол Улсын газар нутгийн тавны дөрөв орчим) бөгөөд 70 сая километр квадрат тэнгисийн бүс нутагт тархсан байна. 2100 орчим арал дээр нь нийт 16,5 сая хүн амьдардаг. Далайн орнууд нь Австралийн хамтаар Австрали ба далайн орнууд гэсэн тивийн том бүс нутгийг үүсгэнэ.
Далайн орнуудад хамаарах бүс нутгийг төрөл бүрээр тодорхойлсон байдаг. Жишээлбэл герман хэлтэй улсуудад зөвхөн Полинез, Меланез (Шинэ Гвинейн хамт) Микронезийг далайн орнуудад тооцдог. Шинэ Зеланд, Хавайн аль аль нь Полинезд орох бөгөөд учир нь энэ хоёр арлын уугуул иргэд нь Полинезчүүд байсантай холбоотой. Тийм ч учраас тэдний соёл энэ нутгуудад ихээхэн нөлөөлсөн байдаг. Хэдийгээр өнөөдөр Шинэ Зеланд нь европын цагаачдаар, Хавай нь америкийн цагаачдаар дүүрч эдгээр улсуудын эдийн засгийн бүсэд хамаарч байгаа ч уугуул нутгийн иргэдийн соёл өнөө үед ч нөлөөтэй хэвээр байгаа юм.
Маш ховор тохиолдолд Малайн архипелагийн зүүн хэсгийг оруулан тооцдог. Англи хэлтэй улсуудад заримдаа Австрали ба далайн орнуудыг товчлон Далайн орнууд хэмээн нэрлэх нь бий.
Далайн орнуудыг геологи талаас нь авч үзвэл тив биш, учир нь Шинэ Каледони, Шинэ Зеланд, Шинэ Гвиней, Тасмани нь эртний Гондвана тивийн эх газрын царцдасаас бүрэлджээ.
Күүкийн арлууд нь Шинэ Зеландын чөлөөт холбооны бүрэн эрхт тусгаар улс бөгөөд тус улсыг Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллага болоод 20 гаран улсууд тусгаар тогтнолыг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн юм. Гэхдээ Күүкийн арлууд нь НҮБ-ын гишүүн улс биш.
Далайн орнуудын бүс нутагт байдаг хоёр улсын хоорондох цорын ганц хуурай газрын хил нь Шинэ Гвиней дэх Индонез ба Папуа Шинэ Гвинейн хоорондын хил юм.
Нелсон, Шинэ Зеланд

Нелсон хот Шинэ Зеландын төвд ойрхон байрладаг. Тус хот Өмнөд Арлын хойд үзүүрт Тасманы булангийн эрэгт оршдог бөгөөд Нелсон дүүргийн засаг захиргааны төв юм. Нелсон нь урлаг, гар урлалын төв бөгөөд жил бүр Нелсоны урлагийн их наадам хэмээх томоохон арга хэмжээг зохион явуулдаг. Жил бүрийн Дэлхийн өмсгөлийн урлагийн шагнал гардуулах ёслолыг Нелсоны ойролцоо анх зохион байгуулсан бөгөөд Нелсоны нисэх онгоцны буудлын ойролцоо байх музейд энэ шагналыг хүртсэн загваруудыг тавьсан байдаг.
Нобелийн шагналт физикч, Шинэ Зеландын хамгийн том дэвсгэрт болох 100 долларын дэвсгэрт дээр хөрөг нь байдаг Лорд Рутерфорд Нелсоны ойр байх Брайтвотер хэмээх газар төржээ.
1805 онд Трафалгарын тулалдаанд Франц, Испанийн флотыг бутцохисон Британийн флотыг командлагч адмирал Гүн I Нелсоны нэрээр энэ хотыг нэрлэжээ. Хотын олон зам, талбайг энэхүү тулалдаантай холбоотой хүмүүс болон хөлөг онгоцнуудын нэрээр нэрлэсэн бөгөөд Трафалгарын гудамж нь тус хотын худалдааны гол гудамж юм.
Нелсоны Маори нэр нь Вхакату, гэдэг ба энэ нь 'байгуулах, босгох' гэсэн утгатай үг юм.
Нелсон нь гурван талаараа уулсаар хүрээлэгдсэн бөгөөд нөгөө талаараа Тасманы булангаар хашигдсан юм. Тус бүс нутгаар Абел Тасманы үндэсний байгалийн хүрээлэн, Кахурангийн Үндэсний байгалийн хүрээлэн, Нелсоны Нууруудын байгалийн хүрээлэнгийн Ротойти, Ротороа нууруудад хүрэх гол зам дайрч өнгөрдөг. Тийм ч учраас энд эко-жуулчлал, адал явдалт жуулчлал хөгжсөн ба Такака Хилл болон Овэн, Артур уулсын эргэн тойрны агуйнууд нь агуй сонирхогчдын очих дуртай газар билээ. Энд дэлхийн өмнөд хагасын хамгийн гүн судлагдсан агуй байдаг юм.
Олон хүн Нелсоныг Шинэ Зеландын хамгийн сайхан уур амьсгалтай нутаг гэж боддог. Учир нь энд жилийн 2400 гаруй цагт тэнгэр цэлмэг байдаг нь улсдаа тэргүүлэх үзүүлэлт юм.
Нелсоны нийт хүн ам 2001 онд 41568 байснаа 2006 онд 42888 болж өссөн бол Тасманы дүүргийн хүн ам 41352-оос 44625 болж өсчээ. Энэ нь Нелсоны хүн амын өсөлтийг давсан анхны тохиолдол болжээ
2007 оны дөрөвдүгээр сарын 23-нд Шинэ Зеландын Статистикийн газраас гаргасан тоо баримтаас үзэхэд Нелсон хотод Нэгдсэн Вант Улс болон Ирландад төрсөн 3774 хүн оршин сууж байсан нь хүн амынх нь 9.1%-ийг бүрдүүлж байв [1]. Энэ нь Шинэ Зеландын бусад хоттой харьцуулбал хамгийн өндөр хувь бөгөөд хотын хүн амын 9.5% нь өөр улсад төржээ.
Загвар:Regions of New Zealand
Загвар:Territorial Authorities of New Zealand
Координат: 41°17′S 173°17′E
Гольми

Гольми нь дэс дугаар 67, Ho тэмдэглэгээтэй химийн элемент юм. Үелэх системийн лантаноидын бүлэгт байдаг учраас газрын ховор металлд тооцогддог.
Гольмиг 1878 онд швейцарийн химич Марк Делафонтен, Жак-Луи Соре нар спектрометрийн шингээлтийн шугамаас ялгарч байгааг анх олж илрүүлжээ. Тэд шинэ элементээ ›X‹ хэмээн нэрлэв. 1879 онд шведийн химич Пер Теодор Клеве швейцарийн химичдээс хамааралгүйгээр цэврээрээ бус эрбигийн шар оксидоос нэгэн шинэ элементийг ялган авчээ. Клеве Карл Густав Мосандер аргыг хэрэглэсэн ба ингэхдээ эхлээд бүх мэдэх бодисоо ялгаад, үлдэгдлийг нь ялгасан байна. Түүний ялгасан үлдэгдэл нь бор өнгөтэй байсан ба түүнээ гольми гэж нэрлэснээс гадна бас нэг ногоон өнгөтэй шаар байсныг тули хэмээн нэрлэв.
Сүүлд 1911 онд шведийн химич Гольмберг гольмийн оксидыг цэврээр гаргаж авсан байна. Тэрбээр энэ элементийг шведийн нийслэл Стокхольмд мэдэгдэхдээ өөрийн нэрийг оролцуулсан уу, эсвэл Клевегийн нэрийг бодож өгсөн үү гэдгийг түүнээс өөр хэн ч мэдэхгүй. Цэвэр гольмийн металлыг 1940 онд анх гаргаж авчээ.
The Return of the Condor Heroes (1983 TV series)

The Return of the Condor Heroes is a Hong Kong wuxia television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel of the same title, produced by TVB. It was first broadcast on TVB Jade from 31 October 1983 to 6 January 1984 in Hong Kong. A total of 50 episodes were produced. The serial was re-aired in 1988, 1990, 1997, 2013, and 2018 on TVB Jade.
The series averaged a rating of 62 points. It became the second most watched series in Hong Kong history. Louis Cha stated that this adaptation satisfied him the most.
Because It's Christmas

Because It's Christmas is the first of three Christmas-themed albums released by singer-songwriter Barry Manilow. The album was released in 1990 and was a huge success, becoming Manilow's first platinum album in the United States since 1980's Barry. It also began a period in Manilow's career in which he recorded cover albums. Each album would focus on a particular style of music. He continued this pattern until the release of Here at the Mayflower in 2001.
The version of "Jingle Bells" on the album is a cover of the 1943 recording by Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters with the girl group Exposé taking the Andrews Sisters' part. The album also finally included his perennial favorite New Years Eve song "It's Just Another New Years Eve".
Because It's Christmas was the best-selling Christmas album of 1990 in the U.S. The album peaked at number 40 on the Billboard 200 album sales chart, and spent five weeks at number 1 on Billboard magazine's special, year-end, weekly Christmas Albums sales chart in December 1990 and January 1991.
On July 19, 2002, Because It's Christmas was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of one million copies in the U.S.
Just Because!

Just Because! is a Japanese anime television series by Hajime Kamoshida and Kiseki Himura. The 12-episode anime, produced by Pine Jam, aired between October and December 2017.
The project was first teased as an April's Fools joke in 2017 under title April 1st The Animation. It was later confirmed as real in the June issue of Gakken's Megami Magazine.
Kiseki Himura designed the characters, Atsushi Kobayashi directed the series with screenplay by Hajime Kamoshida. Hiroyuki Yoshii adapted Kiseki's art into animation. Keisuke Fukunaga produced the series. Pine Jam produced the animation. It aired from October 5 to December 28, 2017 on AT-X, Tokyo MX, TV Kanagawa, MBS, and BS Fuji's programming block Anime Guild. Nagi Yanagi served as music producer as well performed the opening theme titled "Over and Over", while Karin Isobe, Yuna Yoshino, and Lynn performed the ending theme "behind". Sentai Filmworks has licensed the series and streamed it on Amazon's Anime Strike service in the U.S.. Sentai released the series for home video with an English dub on February 12, 2019. Muse Communication licensed the series in Southeast Asia and streamed on Muse Asia YouTube channel.
A serialized novel adaptation of the anime was launched in Kadokawa's Da Vinci magazine starting October 2017 issue (released on September 6). The first chapter tells the prologue anime's plot. Atsushi Kobayashi illustrated the cover for the novel.
A series of two-page-long manga chapters, illustrated by different authors, were published on the anime's official Twitter account from October 6 to December 10, 2017. A collected doujinshi volume, which included a special Drama CD, was distributed at Comiket 93 from December 29–31, 2017.
Because Internet

Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language is a 2019 book by linguist Gretchen McCulloch about the linguistics of online communication.
Because Internet describes emergent patterns in language use on the internet. She frequently discusses the offline precedents of online language patterns. She told The Guardian, "I had a feeling that people tend to sort of exoticise the internet and think of it as a place where all of the old rules don’t apply, but in many respects people are still people, and we still bring ourselves and our cultures with us when we go on the internet."
Because of the large volume of public informal writing that is online, linguistics researchers can analyze day-to-day communication of the 21st century more easily than previous writing, which required transcription.”
She also discusses specific phrases, words, and punctuation, including the “sarcasm tilde" and “expressive lengthening” (noooo). The acronym LOL has changed since it emerged in the 1980s, possibly coined by a Canadian man named Wayne Pearson. McCullogh writes that LOL no longer conveys physical laughter but instead indicates irony or goodwill. She cites research from linguist Michelle McSweeney, who analyzed text messages and concluded that "lol" indicates a new layer of meaning. It allows plausible deniability, and McCulloch uses the example “you look good in red lol.” Periods at the end of text messages feel passive-aggressive because they introduce formality into a typically informal context. McCulloch observes that keysmash, which tends to contain home row letters like "asdfjklasjgd;lkafdj" when written on a computer, contains different letters when written on smartphone. Additionally, spell checkers have entrenched the British English and American English difference in -ise endings, like publicize and romanticize. McCullogh writes that some internet slang predates the internet. Starting in 1975, early programmers maintained a digital file of “hacker slang” called the Jargon File. As early as 1976, the Jargon File contained computer slang including “feature,” “bug,” and “glitch.” In 1977, social terms entered the file including still-common abbreviations like “BTW” and “FYI.” McCulloch suggests that elderly people use ellipsis because they were a space-saving thought separator appropriate for paper communication, where line breaks wasted space. She writes that emoji convey the same information in digital communication that gesturing conveys in spoken conversation.
"McCulloch is such a disarming writer — lucid, friendly, unequivocally excited about her subject — that I began to marvel at the flexibility of the online language she describes, with its numerous shades of subtlety," wrote Jennifer Szalai in The New York Times.
Middle lamella

The middle lamella is a layer that cements together the primary cell walls of two adjoining plant cells. It is the first formed layer to be deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into middle lamella or lamellum. The middle lamella is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates. In a mature plant cell it is the outermost layer of cell wall.
In plants, the pectins form a unified and continuous layer between adjacent cells. Frequently, it is difficult to distinguish the middle lamella from the primary wall, especially in cells that develop thick secondary walls. In such cases, the two adjacent primary walls and the middle lamella, and perhaps the first layer of the secondary wall of each cell, may be called a compound middle lamella. When the middle lamella is degraded by enzymes, as happens during fruit ripening and abscission, the adjacent cells will separate.
2.Telugu Akademi Hyderabad "Intermediate first year Botany"
Festoon

A festoon (from French feston, Italian festone, from a Late Latin festo, originally a festal garland, Latin festum, feast) is a wreath or garland hanging from two points, and in architecture typically a carved ornament depicting conventional arrangement of flowers, foliage or fruit bound together and suspended by ribbons. The motif is sometimes known as a swag when depicting fabric or linen.
In modern English the verb forms, especially "festooned with", are often used very loosely or figuratively to mean having any type of fancy decoration or covering.
Its origin is probably due to the representation in stone of the garlands of natural flowers, etc., which were hung up over an entrance doorway on fête days, or suspended around an altar.
The design was largely employed both by the Ancient Greeks and Romans and formed the principal decoration of altars, friezes and panels. The ends of the ribbons are sometimes formed into bows or twisted curves; when in addition a group of foliage or flowers is suspended, it is called a drop or margent.
The motif was later used in Neoclassical architecture and decorative arts, especially ceramics and the work of silversmiths. Variations on the exact design are plentiful; for example, the ribbons can be suspended either from a decorated knot, or held in the mouths of lions, or suspended across the tops of bucrania as in the Temple of Vesta at Tivoli.
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Gujeolpan

Gujeolpan refers to either an elaborate Korean dish consisting of nine different foods assorted on a wooden plate with nine divided sections in an octagon shape or the plate itself. The name is composed of three hanja words: gu (구, "nine" ), jeol (절, "section"), and pan (판, "plate") in Korean. Foods are separated by color and ingredients, and comprise various namul (seasoned leaf vegetables), meats, mushrooms, and seafood items. In the center of the tray is a stack of small jeon (Korean style pancakes) made with wheat flour, which are called miljeonbyeong (밀전병). In addition to its use as a food platter used to serve many dishes of food at once, gujeolpan is also considered a decorative item. It is said to be a well-being food that looks beautiful, tastes good, and is nutritionally balanced.
The history of gujeolpan dates back as early as the 14th century, and has become closely associated with the Joseon royalty. The octagonal dish itself can be made of wood or plastic and is divided into eight side sections and one center section, to resemble a flower. It also can include elaborate carvings, gem encrustations and detailed drawings. Original royal gujeolpan dish platters can be observed in museums as featured artifacts in royal table setting reconstructions. Gujeolpan is considered to be one of the most beautiful and colorful centerpiece Korean dishes. The nine sections are carefully divided and arranged with an appropriate amount of assorted meats and vegetables to make it colorful and aesthetically appealing. It has even been said that author Pearl S. Buck was so amazed by the beauty and colorful appearance of gujeolpan that she could not stop praising it, and as a result, refused to eat it as she did not want to "destroy such a beautiful thing by eating it."
What was once available to Korean nobility can now be enjoyed by anyone in many places in Korea that specialize in preparing ancient Korean cuisine (though in some establishments it can be quite expensive). It is also sometimes prepared for wedding banquets. Each of the outer sections has different varieties of meat and vegetables, such as carrots, mushrooms, beef, bean sprouts, leeks, radishes, etc. while the center section is usually reserved for miljeonbyeong, which are small circular, paper-thin wheat flatcakes similar, though smaller and softer than tortillas. These are used to wrap the various meats and vegetables from each of the eight sections. Gujeolpan consumers pick and choose from the various eight sections, put the food on a sheet of miljeongbyeong, wrap it and eat it whole.
Langsat

Pokok Langsat merupakan sejenis tumbuhan yang berasal daripada hutan Indonesia dan kini ditumbuh secara meluas di kawasan-kawasan tropika disebabkan buahnya yang manis. Pokok ini kini juga didapati di negara-negara ASEAN yang lain. Nama botaninya Lansium domesticum Jack. atau juga Lansium domesticum var pubescens.
Warna kulitnya adalah antara kuning dan coklat, dan seringnya bertompok-tompok, dengan tekstur yang licin atau lekit-lekit. Apabila kulitnya dikopek, isinya yang terdiri daripada ulas yang berasingan terdedah. Isinya yang lut cahaya adalah manis, tetapi biji-bijinya adalah pahit dan tidak dimakan.
Langat yang paling sedap dikenali sebagai langsat Indon. Rasanya manis dan bijinya kecil.
Nama sub spesies lain adalah dokong, duku, lansa, langseh, langsep, lanzon, lanzone, lansone, langcat atau kokosan.
Kerumping pada tanaman langsat adalah merupakan masalah utama kerana ia boleh membantutkan pertumbuhan dan pembesaran ranting, mengakibatkan keguguran daun dan kematian ranting & pucuk.Serangan selalunya bermula dari paras pangkal pokok. Serangan yang teruk pada dahan dan batang akan menjejaskan pengeluaran bunga dan buah.
Biasenya penyakit ini dikaitkan dengan dua jenis ulat pengorek kulit iaitu Doloessa viridis & Anarisia sp.
Tanjung Langsat

Koordinat: 1°28′20″N 104°00′37″E﻿ / ﻿1.4721247°N 104.0101963°E﻿ / 1.4721247; 104.0101963Tanjung Langsat ialah sebuah pekan di Pasir Gudang, Daerah Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Tanjung Langsat mendapat manfaat daripada pembangunan pesat di sekitar Pelabuhan Pasir Gudang yang cuba menyaingi kemajuan pesat pulau Singapura sebagai sebuah pelabuhan entreport.
Kawasan perindustrian Tanjung Langsat merupakan kawasan industri berat dan industri berteknologi tinggi yang dibangunakan oleh Kerajaan Johor melalui pengurusan Majlis Perbandaran Pasir Gudang, Pasir Gudang.
Pembangunan Kawasan Perindustrian Tanjung Langsat memberi kesan kepada pembangunan di kawasan sekitarnya dan seterusnya akan mendorong pemaju-pemaju swasta merancang pelbagai projek pembangunan untuk memajukan kawasan sekitarnya termasuklah kawasan-kawasan perumahan sekitar Tanjung Langsat, Taman Kota Masai, Taman Scientex dan Nusa Damai.
Tanjung Langsat menyediakan kemudahan kepada kapal dagang dan kapal kontena yang keluar dan masuk pelabuhan yang dikenali sebagai Pelabuhan Tanjung Langsat. Sebuah terminal minyak iaitu Terminal Minyak Pelabuhan Tanjung Langsat berfungsi untuk mengepam minyak secara pukal ke dalam kapal dan sebaliknya. Terminal minyak ini dikendalikan oleh syarikat swasta , Tanjung Langsat Port Sdn Bhd .
Pada 17 Ogos 2008, satu tangki minyak di terminal minyak ini terbakar dan gagal dipadamkan kerana kekurangan alatan yang mencukupi. Api merebak dengan pantas ke tangki minyak yang kedua. Bagaimanapun kebakaran dapat dikawal oleh pihak bom dan kecemasan swasta .
Kampung Langsat

Kampung Langsat merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Tawau, dalam Sabah, iaitu sebuah negeri di Malaysia.
Sabah ialah satu daripada 13 negeri yang terdapat di Malaysia dan merupakan negeri kedua terbesar di Malaysia selepas Sarawak yang terletak di utara pulau Borneo, iaitu pulau ketiga yang terbesar di dunia. Ibu negeri Sabah ialah Kota Kinabalu, yang dahulunya dikenali sebagai Jesselton.
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Langsat, Tawau, Sabah ialah 91000.
Pokok Tampoi Belimbing

Pokok Tampoi Belimbing atau nama saintifiknya Baccaurea reticulata.
Pokok Tampoi Belimbing merupakan pokok renek dengan rimbunan lebat yang tumbuh sehingga ketinggian antara 6 - 28 metre. Batangnya boleh mencecah ukurlilit sehingga sehingga 1 - 60cm, ia boleh dicantas sehingga ketinggian 2 meter.
Pokok ini boleh dituai secara liar bagi buahnya yang dimakan oleh penduduk tempatan. Ia terdapat di hutan hujan sekunder pada ketinggian dari paras laut sehingga 330 meter.
Kundang daun kecil

Pokok Remnia juga dikenali sebagai Remia, Gemia, Kundang, Kundang Daun Kecil, Kemior, atau Kundang Rumenia, merupakan sejenis tumbuhan buah tropika yang digelar pokok Kundang yang pokoknya mempunyai getah yang boleh menyebabkan keradangan sekiranya terkena pada kulit. Nama saintifiknya adalah Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Adelb.
Buahnya pula seperti buah mempelam kecil. Rasanya masih hingga masam, sebagai pemecah selera. Biasanya dimakan bersama dengan kulitnya, isinya mempunyai serat yang tinggi sebagaimana buah mangga.
Ia biasanya jarang ditanam, dan biasanya hidup separuh liar, tumbuh liar di hutan-hutan tanah rendah. Pokoknya besar dan padat, sesuai dijadikan perlindungan tetapi lambat membesar. Buahnya seakan-akan buah kundang.
Buah masak rasanya masam-masam manis dan dimakan segar, buah muda terlalu masam dan biasanya dibuat jeruk atau acar.
Pokok menyerupai pokok Setar tetapi batangnya berwarna kelabu gelap hingga ungu keperangan dan ranting-ranting panjang dan kecil. Berbuah mengikut musim.
Dua jenis pokok Kundang adalah:-
Abiu

Abiu (Pouteria caimito) adalah sejenis tanaman malar hijau yang tergolong dalam keluarga Sapotaceae yang berasal dari kawasan tanah rendah Amazon di Brazil dan kini telah tersebar luas di Amerika Selatan dan Amerika Tengah. Ia juga boleh dijumpai di Malaysia. Di Sabah tanaman ini telah mula ditanam di Stesen Penyelidikan Pertanian, Tenom pada tahun 1984 sebagai salah satu koleksi janaplasma buah-buahan dari luar negeri yang berpotensi untuk dibangunkan.
Pokok abiu sederhana besar dengan ketinggian mencapai sehingga 10 meter. Daunnya tersusun secara berselang, berbentuk sama ada obovat atau eliptik, bersaiz 10-20 cm panjang dan 3-6 cm lebar. Bunganya jenis hermaprodit, berwarna putih dan keluar dari aksil daun sama ada secara tunggal atau berkelompok antara 2-5 kuntum setiap kelompok. Buah yang muda berwarna hijau, berbentuk eliptik atau bulat, berkulit licin dan kadangkala mempunyai "puting" yang pendek sebelah bawah buah, tangkai buah yang pendek dan mengandungi banyak cairan bergetah. Buah yang masak berwarna kuning berkilat dan kurang bergetah. Isinya berwarna putih krim, berjus, tekstur halus dan lembut, manis, aroma harum, sedikit bergetah dan mengandungi 1-4 biji yang berwarna hitam dan berbentuk empat segi panjang.
Abiu boleh dibiak sama ada melalui biji benih atau secara pembiakan tampang. Jenis pembiakan tampang yang sesuai dilakukan ialah cantuman baji ataupun cantuman sisi. Anak pokok yang dibiak cara tampang boleh ditanam ke ladang 4-5 bulan selepas mencantum. Biji benih abiu haruslah disemai secepat mungkin (1-2 hari) bagi menjamin pertumbuhan yang baik. Anak pokok dibiak dari biji benih boleh ditanam ke ladang bila mencapai umur 6-8 bulan selepas disemai. Pokok abiu yang dibiak secara tampang akan mula mengeluarkan buah antara 1-2 tahun selepas ditanam di ladang sementara itu pokok yang dibiak melalui biji benih hanya mulai berbuah 2-4 tahun selepas menanam.manakala di kedah terdapar seorang pengusaha yang baru berjinak menanam pokok ini bernama Roni Ahmad.
Kayu daripada pokok abiu adalah tebal, berat dan keras dan ia digunakan sebagai kayu balak untuk tujuan pembinaan.
Garis Wallace

Garis Wallace (bahasa Inggeris: Wallace Line) adalah sempadan yang memisahkan ekozon Asia dan Wallacea (yang merupakan zon peralihan antara Asia dan Australia). Di barat garis dijumpai organisma berkaitan dengan spesies Asia; di timur garis hadir spesies campuran asal Asia dan Australia. Garis ini dinamakan sempena Alfred Russel Wallace, yang mendapati dengan jelas garis pemisah ini selama perjalanan melalui Hindia Timur pada abad ke-19. Garis ini melintas melalui Indonesia, antara Borneo dan Sulawesi, dan melalui Selat Lombok antara Bali (di barat) dan Lombok (di timur). Antonio Pigafetta juga mencatat perbezaan biologi yang berkontras antara Filipina dan Kepulauan Maluku (yang terletak di sisi berlawanan daripada garis) pada tahun 1521 selama mengikuti kelanjutan dari pelayaran Ferdinand Magellan (iaitu selepas Magellan sendiri tewas di Mactan, Filipina).
Jarak antara Bali dan Lombok adalah kecil, hanya sekitar 35 kilometer. Pengedaran spesies burung banyak yang mengikuti garis tersebut, kerana banyak burung menolak untuk menyeberangi bahkan bentangan terkecil air laut lepas. Beberapa kelawar mempunyai pengedaran yang melintasi Garis Wallace, tetapi mamalia lain umumnya terbatas pada salah satu sisi sahaja. Sebuah contoh pembezaan adalah pada kera. Ada kumpulan-kumpulan lain dari tanaman dan haiwan yang menunjukkan pola-pola berbeza, tetapi pola secara umum amatlah jelas dan cukup konsisten.
Wallacea

Wallacea ialah suatu gelaran biogeografi untuk sekumpulan pulau-pulau Indonesia yang dipisahkan oleh selat-selat air dalam daripada pentas benua Asia dan Australia. Wallacea meliputi Sulawesi, pulau terbesar dalam kumpulan itu, dan juga Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Halmahera, Buru, Seram, serta banyak pulau-pulau kecil lainnya. Pulau-pulau Wallacea dibatasi oleh Sundaland (Semenanjung Melayu, Sumatera, Borneo, Jawa, dan Bali) di sebelah barat, dan oleh Oceania Dekat yang merangkumi Australia dan New Guinea di sebelah selatan dan timur. Luas keseluruhan daratan kawasan Wallacea adalah 347,000 km².
Sempadan antara Sundaland dan Wallacea mengikuti Garisan Wallace, dinamakan selepas naturalis Alfred Russel Wallace yang menyatakan adanya perbezaan fauna mamalia dan burung pada pulau-pulau di kedua-dua sisi garisan itu. Pulau-pulau Sundaland di sebelah barat garisan, termasuk Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, dan Borneo, berkongsi fauna mamalia yang serupa dengan Asia Timur, antara lain ialah harimau, badak, dan beruk. Sedangkan pulau-pulau dari Lombok dan terus hingga ke arah timur yang di sebelah timur garisan kebanyakannya dihuni oleh marsupial dan burung yang serupa dengan Australasia. Sulawesi menunjukkan tanda kehadiran kedua-dua jenis fauna.
Semasa zaman air batu, paras laut adalah lebih rendah daripada hari ini, sehingga mendedahkan Pentas Sunda yang menghubungkan pulau-pulau Sundaland satu sama lain dan dengan Asia, dan membenarkan haiwan darat Asia untuk mendiami pulau-pulau ini. Begitu juga Australia dan New Guinea di timur dihubungkan dengan pentas benua yang cetek, dan semasa zaman air batu dihubungkan oleh jambatan tanah dan membentuk satu benua tunggal, yang oleh pelbagai saintis dipanggil dengan nama Australia-New Guinea, Meganesia, atau Sahul.
Australia, New Guinea, dan Kepulauan Aru berkongsi banyak mamalia marsupial, burung tanah, dan ikan air tawar yang tidak didapati di kawasan Wallacea. Sempadan antara Wallacea dan Australia-New Guinea dinamakan Garisan Lydekker. Kerajaan Filipina biasanya dianggap kawasan yang berasingan daripada Wallacea. Garisan Weber adalah titik tengah di mana flora dan fauna Asia dan Australia diwakili lebih kurang dalam jumlah yang sama, dan garisan ini mengikut kepada selat terdalam yang melintasi Kepulauan Indonesia.
Beberapa spesies Eucalyptus, genus utama pokok di Australia, boleh didapati di Wallacea, iaitu Eucalyptus deglupta di Sulawesi, serta E. urophylla dan E. alba di Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Cecadu Hitam Pudar

Cecadu Hitam Pudar merupakan salah satu haiwan mamalia dalam keluarga haiwan kelawar yang boleh di dapati di Malaysia. Nama sainsnya Penthetor lucasi. Ia merupakan ahli tunggal dalam genus Penthetor, genus Megabat.
Cecadu Hitam Pudar ialah haiwan berdarah panas, dalam kumpulan kelas mamalia.
Sebagaimana haiwan mamalia lain, Cecadu Hitam Pudar membiak dengan beranak.
Cecadu Dayak

Cecadu Dayak merupakan salah satu haiwan mamalia dalam keluarga haiwan kelawar yang boleh di dapati di Malaysia. Nama sainsnya Dyacopterus spadiceus.
Cecadu Dayak ialah haiwan berdarah panas, dalam kumpulan kelas mamalia.
Sebagaimana haiwan mamalia lain, Cecadu Dayak membiak dengan beranak.
D. spadiceus dianggap spesies buah yang jarang di dapati di Semenanjung Malaysia dan Borneo dan tidak terdapat di Thailand. Spesies ini ditangkap di empat tapak di Poring, Kubah, Kota Samarahan dan Pontianak kesemuanya di Borneo. Spesiment ini, MTA96268 dan MTA96269 yang disimpan di Universiti Tanjungpura, adalah yang pertama direkodkan di bagi spesies ini di Kalimantan Barat, Borneo Indonesia. Spesiment UMS0010, MTA96237, dan MTA96238 dari Sarawak dan MTA96208 dari Sabah adalah rekod tambahan bagi spesies ini dikawasan percontohan. Tapak baru telah meningkatkan jarak taburan D. spadiceus kepada bahagian barat dan selatan Borneo.
Rekod taburan dahulu termasuk Selangor dan Negeri Sembilan di Semenanjung Malaysia, Sumatra; Sepilok dan Bukit Baturong di Sabah; Baram dan kawasan Niah di Sarawak (Medway 1978, Payne et al. 1985).
Hall LS, Gordon G. Grigg, Craig Moritz, Besar Ketol, Isa Sait, Wahab Marni and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Biogeography of fruit bats in Southeast Asia. Sarawak Museum Journal LX(81):191-284.
Karim, C., A.A. Tuen and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Mammals. Sarawak Museum Journal Special Issue No. 6. 80: 221—234.
Mohd. Azlan J., Ibnu Maryanto , Agus P. Kartono and M.T. Abdullah. 2003 Diversity, Relative Abundance and Conservation of Chiropterans in Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sarawak Museum Journal 79: 251-265.
Hall LS, Richards GC, Abdullah MT. 2002. The bats of Niah National Park, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal. 78: 255-282.
Tangub

Tangub atau lebih dikenali sebagai Perbandaran Tangub merupakan sebuah perbandaran di wilayah Misamis Barat, Filipina. Perbandaran ini mempunyai jumlah penduduk seramai 68,389 dalam isi rumah 15,456. Ia mempunyai luas 162.78 kilometer persegi dan ketinggian 243 meter di atas permukaan laut. Ia diberikan dengan kod kawasan telefon +63 (0)88 dan poskod 7214.
Physalis crassifolia

Physalis crassifolia is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family known by the common names yellow nightshade groundcherry and thick-leaf ground-cherry. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in rocky, dry desert and mountain habitat. This is a perennial herb producing a ridged, angular, branching stem approaching 80 cm long, taking a clumped, matted, or erect form. The fleshy oval leaves are 1 to 3 cm long and have smooth, wavy, or bluntly toothed edges. The herbage is glandular and coated in short hairs. The yellow flowers growing from the leaf axils are widely bell-shaped, vaguely five-lobed, and around 2 cm wide. The star-shaped calyx of sepals at the base of the flower enlarges as the fruit develops, becoming an inflated, angled lanternlike structure about 2 cm long, which contains the berry.
Draba sierrae

Draba sierrae is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name Sierra draba. It is endemic to the central Sierra Nevada of California, where it is known from just a few occurrences in rocky alpine habitat. It is a perennial herb forming small, dense cushions of very hairy, oblong or lance-shaped grayish leaves each under centimeter long. The erect inflorescence bears several yellow flowers. The fruit is a flat, twisted, oval-shaped silique under a centimeter long containing a few unwinged seeds.