davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Sister Mary Joseph nodule

In medicine, the Sister Mary Joseph nodule (sometimes Sister Mary Joseph node or Sister Mary Joseph sign) refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen through the round ligament of liver. Sister Mary Joseph nodules can be painful to palpation.
A periumbilical mass is not always a Sister Mary Joseph nodule. Other conditions that can cause a palpable periumbilical mass include umbilical hernia, infection, and endometriosis. Medical imaging, such as abdominal ultrasound, may be used to distinguish a Sister Mary Joseph nodule from another kind of mass.
Gastrointestinal malignancies account for about half of underlying sources (most commonly gastric cancer, colonic cancer or pancreatic cancer, mostly of the tail and body of the pancreas), and men are even more likely to have an underlying cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Gynecological cancers account for about 1 in 4 cases (primarily ovarian cancer and also uterine cancer). Nodules will also, rarely, originate from appendix cancer spillage and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Unknown primary tumors and rarely, urinary or respiratory tract malignancies can cause umbilical metastases. How exactly the metastases reach the umbilicus remains largely unknown. Proposed mechanisms for the spread of cancer cells to the umbilicus include direct transperitoneal spread, via the lymphatics which run alongside the obliterated umbilical vein, hematogenous spread, or via remnant structures such as the falciform ligament, median umbilical ligament, or a remnant of the vitelline duct. Sister Mary Joseph nodule is associated with multiple peritoneal metastases and a poor prognosis.
Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey) was a Catholic nun and surgical assistant of William J. Mayo at St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota from 1890 to 1915. She drew Mayo's attention to the phenomenon, and he published an article about it in 1928. The eponymous term Sister Mary Joseph nodule was coined in 1949 by Hamilton Bailey.
Joseph & Mary

Joseph & Mary is a 2016 Canadian biblical drama film directed by Roger Christian and starring Kevin Sorbo as Joseph. It portrays the birth and early life of Jesus under the rule of King Herod the Great of the Roman Empire in the 1st century and includes an allegory about forgiveness involving the rabbi Elijah, a fictional character invented for the film.
When King Herod the Great's tax collectors kill Aaron for being unable to pay, his friend Elijah the rabbi swears to protect Aaron's wife Rebekah and their children. Joseph and Mary travel to Bethlehem for the census and while they are there Mary gives birth to Jesus in a stable. The Three Magi visit Herod in search of the child and Herod sends them to Bethlehem, where the prophecies foresee the birth taking place, and tells them to report the child's location back to him. The magi find Joseph, Mary, and Jesus in the stable but do not return to Herod, instead traveling further east.
In accordance with Jewish law, Joseph and Mary present their child and two doves to Simeon and Anna the Prophetess at the Temple in Jerusalem and then return to Nazareth. Herod calls for the rabbis to be brought to him but they do not tell him where the prophesied child is. In retaliation, Herod calls for the slaughter of all male children under two years of age. Joseph and Mary flee to Egypt as the children are slaughtered, including Rebekah's newborn child. Tiberius is wounded and receives a scar on his cheek as he kills Rebekah's older son and father as well. Elijah is distraught and Rebekah vows to avenge their death and seek retribution from the Roman soldier Tiberius.
Years later, Joseph, Mary, Elijah and Rebekah have returned to Nazareth. Tiberius, the new publican, visits and is recognized by Rebekah. She urges Elijah to kill Tiberius but Elijah questions his desire for retribution when Joseph and his twelve-year-old son Jesus recommend forgiveness instead. When Tiberius recognizes and attacks Rebekah, she claws his face and he drops his sword. Elijah grabs the sword and throws it off a cliff and Tiberius falls to his death chasing it.
As Joseph is dying, he has a vision that his young son is chasing after him. He tells the vision of Jesus to leave Nazareth with Mary and then he has a vision of the crucifixion of his adult son. He is then visited by Mary before dying.
Filming took place in North Bay, Ontario, Canada, in October and November 2015.
The film was released on home video in the United States on July 5, 2016, and in Canada on November 2, 2016. The home video contains optional captions as well as an optional descriptive audio in English for the visually impaired.
Richard Smith of The Christian Film Review gave the film a positive review of 6.5/10, describing it as an "inspiring film with a message of hope, love and mercy."
Renee Schonfeld of Common Sense Media gave the film a negative review of 1/5 stars, writing that the film "doesn't flinch from using brutality as a means to tell the tale" and concluding that it is "not recommended for younger kids."
DaBaby discography

The discography of American rapper DaBaby consists of four studio albums, four extended plays, thirteen mixtapes, and 138 singles (including 92 as a featured artist).
DaBaby, who was known as Baby Jesus at the time, released his debut mixtape NonFiction in 2015, he then released three more mixtapes from 2015 to 2016. He followed them up with his Baby Talk mixtape series. His thirteenth mixtape, Blank Blank was released in 2018.
DaBaby released his debut studio album, Baby on Baby in March 2019. It included his breakthrough hit single, "Suge", which reached number 7 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming his first entry on the chart. His second studio album, Kirk was released months later in September 2019, and became his first album to top the US Billboard 200 chart. In April 2020, he released his third album Blame It on Baby, which includes the chart-topping single "Rockstar", featuring Roddy Ricch. In November 2020, he released his first EP, titled My Brother's Keeper (Long Live G).
In 2021, DaBaby dropped multiple non-album singles and released his second EP, Back on My Baby Jesus Sh!t Again, which acted as a sequel to his 2017 mixtape Back On My Baby Jesus Shit.
In 2022, DaBaby collaborated with fellow rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again on a mixtape, titled Better than You, which charted in the top 10 of the Billboard 200.
Donkey Hodie (TV series)

Donkey Hodie is an American puppet live action musical children's television series created by David and Adam Rudman for PBS Kids, and is aimed at preschoolers ages 3 to 5. Inspired by characters created by Fred Rogers, the series premiered May 3, 2021, and is the second spin-off of Rogers' television series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood after Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood. The first full episode was initially set to premiere in the winter of 2021 on PBS Kids in the United States, but it was pushed back to May 3 of the same year.
In the land of Someplace Else, just north of the Neighborhood of Make-Believe, Donkey Hodie and her friends go throughout their day while solving different problems along the way.
The original Donkey Hodie, Bob Dog, Purple Panda, Harriet Cow and King Friday all originated on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. All other characters were newly created for the Donkey Hodie series.
The series was announced in January 2020. The title character is the granddaughter of the original Donkey Hodie, a character from the Neighborhood of Make Believe on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood.
Like Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood, the series includes both new songs as well as songs written by Rogers.
The music for the show was composed by Bill Sherman, Zack Zeyde, and Noah Deblasis.
The following DVDs contain episodes of the show:
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Playtime with Daniel!
PBS KIDS: Secret Superheroes!
PBS KIDS: Just A Little Bit Spooky!
PBS KIDS: We Love Camping!
PBS KIDS: Get Up and Dance!
PBS KIDS: 17 Puppy Adventures
PBS KIDS: Book Buddies
PBS KIDS: 17 Fun Food Stories
Hinny

A hinny is a domestic equine hybrid, the offspring of a male horse (a stallion) and a female donkey (a jenny). It is the reciprocal cross to the more common mule, which is the product of a male donkey (a jack) and a female horse (a mare). The hinny is distinct from the mule both in physiology and temperament as a consequence of genomic imprinting and is also less common.
Many supposed examples of the jumart, a supposed hybrid between a horse and a cow in European folklore, were found to be hinnies.
The hinny is the offspring of a stallion and a jenny or female donkey, and is thus the reciprocal cross to the more common mule foaled by a jack (male donkey) out of a mare. Like the mule, the hinny displays hybrid vigour (heterosis).
In general terms, in both these hybrids the foreparts and head of the animal are similar to those of the sire, while the hindparts and tail are more similar to those of the dam. A hinny is generally smaller than a mule, with shorter ears and a lighter head; the tail is tasselled like that of its donkey mother.
The distinct phenotypes of the hinny and the mule are partly attributable to genomic imprinting – an element of epigenetic inheritance. Hinnies and mules differ in temperament despite sharing nuclear genomes; this too is believed to be attributable to the action of imprinted genes.
According to most reports, hinnies are sterile and are not capable of reproduction. The male hinny can mate but has testicles that will only produce malformed spermatozoa. The dam of a foal carried to term in Henan, China, in 1981 is variously reported to have been a mule or a hinny.
Curtain Falls

"Curtain Falls" is a song by English boy band Blue. The song was co-written by the band and StarGate, who produced the track. Stevie Wonder is also credited as a writer due to the sampling of his 1976 song "Pastime Paradise". "Curtain Falls" was released on 8 November 2004 as the first single from Blue's first greatest hits album, Best of Blue (2004). It was the only song from the album released as an official single in the United Kingdom.
Commercially, "Curtain Falls" peaked at number two in Italy, number four in the United Kingdom, and number eight in Germany. In France, the song was re-recorded in French and re-titled "Quand le rideau tombe"; although it was released as a single there, only the English version charted.
UK CD1
UK CD2
French CD single
Japanese CD single
Credits are taken from the Best of Blue album booklet.
Studios
Personnel
Rope light

A rope light is primarily used as a decorative lighting fixture, featuring small lights linked together and encased in a PVC jacket to create a string of lights. Rope lights can be used in many applications both indoors and outdoors. Used in place of neon signs, it is sometimes called soft neon.
The design of a rope light generally depends on the end use of the product.
Many brands of rope lights are rated for either or both indoor and outdoor use. Due to the versatility of this lighting technology, it can be used in a variety of different environments without compromising the quality of the lighting.
Peter McPoland

Peter Francis McPoland (born November 3, 2000) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. In 2021, McPoland signed with Columbia Records. On August 11, 2023, McPoland released his debut album, Piggy.
Peter Francis McPoland was born on November 3, 2000, in Burlington, Vermont. He moved to Texas when he was seven years old. After picking up the guitar at age 14, he taught himself how to play the instrument. Growing up, he was exposed to music from an early age, especially country and folk music. In a 2019 interview, he stated, "both of my parents are very into music, and my father — a lot of my influences come from my father." He has also stated that his major influences include, John Prine, Bruce Springsteen, Gregory Alan Isakov, and Dire Straits. When McPoland was younger, he planned to be a folk singer, and even asked for a banjo for Christmas, but his parents got him an electric guitar instead. After turning nine years old, McPoland became involved in various musical theatre productions, which is where he stated that passion for music started.
Throughout 2018–2020, McPoland released his first singles "Lady Bird", "Sally Forth", and "I Love You Too".
In 2020, McPoland released his song "Romeo and Juliet", but it was not until March 2021, when he posted an acoustic version of the song on his TikTok, that the video gathered over a million views. The song, along with the video, helped him start his career, and subsequently, in May of the same year, he signed to Columbia Records. After signing, he continued to release singles such as "Shit Show", "Eloise", "i can't sleep", and more. Beginning in 2022, McPoland began releasing singles including "Dead Air," "News at 9," "Let Her Remember," and "String Lights," which were eventually included in the release of his first 7-track EP, Slow Down, on May 13, 2022. Throughout August and September 2022, McPoland served as the opening act for Twenty One Pilots on their Icy Tour.
On April 7, 2023, McPoland released a single, "Digital Silence", and announced an upcoming debut album. This was followed by the release of a single titled "Blue" on May 5, 2023. A third single, "Turn off the Noise", was released on June 2, 2023, along with the announcement that his album would be released on August 11, 2023, and would be titled Piggy. McPoland stated that the album title references a main character in the novel Lord of the Flies, and that it was inspired by his emotions regarding his parents' divorce. On July 7, 2023, a fourth single, "Ceiling Fan/Piggy", was released.
Lights Out (UFO album)

Lights Out is the sixth studio album by English rock band UFO, released in 1977. All songs are band originals except "Alone Again Or", a cover of a song by the band Love. Reaching number 23 on the Billboard 200, it is the band's highest-charting album in the United States. In the UK, it hit number 54 and stayed on the chart for two weeks.
The album was UFO's first to feature lush string arrangements, alongside more complex song structures than on previous albums. Producer Ron Nevison brought in Alan McMillan to handle the string and horn arrangements. The most notable song to feature orchestral colouring was "Love to Love". Lights Out is also the first UFO album to feature Paul Raymond on keyboards and rhythm guitar.
In 1994, a CD comprising this album and No Heavy Petting was released by BGO Records. 2008 EMI's remastered edition includes four live tracks recorded at The Roundhouse, London. The album cover erroneously states that these tracks were recorded in 1976: the correct year is 1977. EMI did, however, correct the writing credits, with Paul Raymond finally being acknowledged for his contributions.
The title track and "Love to Love" were featured in the 1999 movie Detroit Rock City. "Love to Love" was covered by Djali Zwan for the 2002 movie Spun and by Europe for their 2008 live album Almost Unplugged. An instrumental version of "Too Hot to Handle" is used at the beginning of Mark Madden's radio show on WXDX-FM in Pittsburgh, Madden being a longtime fan of UFO.
Kerrang! magazine listed the album at No.28 among the "100 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time".
Steve Harris of Iron Maiden called "Love to Love" his favourite song. "'Love to Love' is brilliantly written and constructed," observed Quireboys guitarist Guy Griffin. "It has a majesty that makes it world-class. The Quireboys covered it… and when you do that, you get to understand how good the song is."
ईरानी ट्रॉफी (क्रिकेट)

ईरानी ट्रॉफी भारत की एक घरेलू क्रिकेट प्रतियोगिता है। ईरानी कप (पहले ईरानी ट्राफी कहा जाता है) टूर्नामेंट 1959-60 सीजन के दौरान कल्पना की थी रणजी ट्रॉफी चैंपियनशिप के 25 वर्ष पूरे होने को चिह्नित करने और देर के बाद नामित किया गया था ईरानी, ​​जो 1928 में अपनी स्थापना के समय से भारतीय क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड (बीसीसीआई) के साथ जुड़े थे, उनकी मृत्यु तक। स्थिरता अवलंबी रणजी ट्रॉफी विजेता और भारतीय टीम के बाकी के बीच सालाना खेला जाता है।
पहले मैच में रणजी ट्रॉफी चैंपियन और शेष भारत के बीच खेला, ​​भारतीय क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड और की गहरी संरक्षक के लंबे समय के कोषाध्यक्ष के नाम पर की शुरुआत होने के साथ 1959-60 में खेला गया था। पहले कुछ वर्षों के लिए, यह मौसम के अंत में खेला गया था। स्थिरता के महत्त्व को महसूस करते हुए बीसीसीआई के मौसम की शुरुआत करने के लिए इसे ले जाया गया, और 1965-66 2012-13 के लिए, यह परंपरागत रूप से नए घरेलू सत्र के शुरू होने से शुरुआत की गई थी। 2013 में, इसे तुरंत रणजी ट्राफी फाइनल के बाद एक तिथि करने के लिए ले जाया गया था, वहाँ दो ईरानी कप मैच 2012/13 के मौसम में किया जा रहा है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप। खेल के बाद से मौसम के अंत में बनी हुई है, और रणजी ट्राफी फाइनल के बाद शीघ्र ही खेला जाता है।
निम्न तालिका 1959-60 से 2017-18 के लिए ईरानी ट्रॉफी के परिणाम से पता चलता।
पोंगल (पकवान)

पोंगल एक दक्षिण भारतीय और श्रीलंकाई पकवान है जिसमें चावल को उबलते दूध में पकाया जाता है। यह पकवान पकाना पोंगल पर्व से जुड़ी मुख्य प्रथा है। इसे सुबह के नाश्ते के रूप में भी खाया जाता है। तमिल व्यंजनों के एक प्रकार के रूप में प्रसिद्ध इस पकवान की कई किस्में हैं जिनमें वेन (गर्म) पोंगल, सक्करई (मीठा) पोंगल, कोझी (चिकन) पोंगल और सन्यासी पोंगल प्रमुख हैं। इसे "तमिल लोगों का बहुत प्रिय" भोजन बताया जाता है।
परंपरागत रूप से, पोंगल को मंदिर के पुजारी द्वारा बताए गये शुभ मुहूर्त में, घर के आंगन में, पकाया जाता है। कई घरों में यह परंपरागत पत्थरों से बने चूल्हों पर मिट्टी के बर्तनों में यह ईंधन के रूप में लकड़ी का इस्तेमाल करके पकाया जाता है जो इसे एक विशिष्ट स्वाद देता है।
पोंगल पकवान, मुख्य रूप से पोंगल त्योहार से जुड़ा है, जिसके नाम का अर्थ है "उबालना" या "उबल कर बाहर बहना"। त्योहार सूर्य देवता को धूप के लिए धन्यवाद स्वरूप माना जाता है जो चावल की फसल को संभव बनाता है। इस प्रकार यह पर्व सूर्य के उत्तरायण गमन और नई फसल से जुड़ा हुआ है। इसीलिए, परंपरा अनुसार देवता को उबलते दूध में पकाए गए चावल की ताजा फसल चढ़ाने हेतु यह पकवान पकाया जाता है। जब पोंगल पक रहा होता है, तो देखने वाले कभी-कभी खुशी से अपने उद्गार व्यक्त करते हैं, "पोंगालो पोंगल!" ('पोंगल को उबल कर ऊपर उठने दो!'); या पूछते हैं, "पाल पोंगिता" ("क्या दूध उबल गया है?")।
पोंगल की सभी किस्में गाय के दूध से बनाई जाती हैं। इन किस्मों में निम्नलिखित शामिल हैं:
वेन या वेन (गर्म) पोंगल दक्षिण एशियाई खिचड़ी के समान चावल और दाल के मिले पकवान के रूप में पकाया जाता है। यह काली मिर्च, अदरक, हल्दी, और कभी-कभी हींग, काजू, जीरा, करी पत्ते, घी, मूंग, और नमक के साथ बनाया जाता है। दक्षिण भारत में इसे आमतौर पर नाश्ते में नारियल की चटनी और भारतीय फिल्टर कॉफी के साथ खाया जाता है।
सक्करई (मीठा) पोंगल गुड़, इलायची, काजू, और कभी-कभी घी, सुनहरी किशमिश, जायफल और नमक के साथ बनाया जाता है। इसे देवता को चढ़ाने के बाद परोसा जाता है।
कोझी पोंगल चिकन अर्थात मुर्गे और मसालों के साथ पकाया जाता है।
सन्यासी पोंगल सब्ज़ियों के साथ पकाया जाता है।
कानुम पोंगल

कानुम पोंगल (तमिल: காணும் பொங்கல்) चार दिवसीय पोंगल त्योहार का चौथा और अंतिम दिन है। ग्रेगोरियन कैलेंडर के अनुसार यह 17 जनवरी को मनाया जाता है। यद्यपि इस त्यौहार का नाम विशिष्ट रूप से तमिलनाडु से लिया गया है, लेकिन इसे अन्य दक्षिणी भारतीय राज्यों जैसे आंध्र प्रदेश और कर्नाटक में भी मनाया जाता है, क्योंकि यह त्यौहार दक्षिण भारत में काफी लोकप्रिय है। कानुम पोंगल के दिन को अक्सर महान ऐतिहासिक तमिल लेखक, कवि और दार्शनिक तिरुवल्लुवर की याद में तिरुवल्लुवर दिवस के रूप में स्वीकार किया जाता है, जो विश्व प्रसिद्ध थिरुकुरल लिखने के लिए जाने जाते थे। इस दिन को लोकप्रिय रूप से दर्शनीय स्थलों की यात्रा के दिन के साथ-साथ धन्यवाद दिवस के रूप में भी मनाया जाता है। लोगों का मानना ​​है कि काणुम पोंगल विवाह के प्रस्ताव तय करने और नए बंधन और रिश्तों की शुरुआत करने के लिए एक शुभ दिन है।
काणुम शब्द का अर्थ है 'देखना और देखना'। काणुम पोंगल विश्राम और आनंद का दिन है क्योंकि इसका अर्थ है कि लोग अपना समय पारिवारिक यात्राओं, पिकनिक, पड़ोसियों और रिश्तेदारों के घर जाकर बिताते हैं। आंध्र प्रदेश राज्य में, इस त्यौहार को मुक्कनुमा के रूप में चिह्नित और मनाया जाता है और आंध्र में मवेशियों की पूजा करके शुभ त्यौहार मनाया जाता है। तमिलनाडु राज्य में, कानुम पोंगल के दिन को वर्जिन पोंगल या कन्नी पोंगल भी कहा जाता है, कन्नी शब्द का अर्थ कुंवारी/युवती/अविवाहित लड़की है।
Muchines de yuca

Los muchines de yuca son un plato típico del Ecuador. Su componente principal es la yuca, un tubérculo con altas propiedades energéticas, que en Ecuador crece en la Región Costa. Aunque está extensamente presente en la región Costa, es muy popular en Ambato, donde lo consumen como parte del desayuno.​
Se cocina la yuca con sal por 30 minutos aproximadamente. Una vez cocinada, se amasa con yema de huevo y se le da forma ovalada, se le coloca un relleno de queso y cebolla picada y se la fríe en aceite caliente hasta quedar dorada.​​
Se lo suele consumir con miel y se lo acompaña con una bebida de canelazo o café.​
Pescado pango

El pescado pango o pango de pescado es un plato gastronómico originario de las comunidades amazónicas del Perú.​ Es uno de los platos más consumidos en las urbes del oriente peruano.​
El pango de pescado es un plato originario de los pueblos amerindios en lo que en la actualidad es el departamento de Loreto, en el Perú.​ El primer registro del pango se da en los escritos del misionero católico Franz Xavier Veigl en el siglo siglo XVII en la Comandancia General de Maynas.​
Su preparación es simplemente de agua hervida con la carne de pescado salada, suele ir acompañado de trozos de yuca o plátano sancochado, además de ají de cocona.​ Algunos pangos son preparados con pescado fresco, el Ministerio del Ambiente del actual gobierno peruano considera al plato amazónico como una de las comidas más nutritivas, y esta entre sus comidas utilizadas para sus campañas de alimentación contra la anemia.​
Dependiendo la carne de pescado, el pango recibe el nombre local del pescado con la que es acompañado; como el paiche pango (derivado del Arapaima gigas)​ o pango de palometa (derivado del Mylossoma albiscopum).​
Grand Fauve de Bretagne

The Grand Fauve de Bretagne was a breed of scenthound from Brittany used to hunt wolves and wild boar. The Grand Fauve de Bretagne were large rough-coated hounds, their coats were short, dense and harsh, and they were a uniform pale golden-brown in colour. Grand Fauve de Bretagnes were renowned for their unruly natures, being very difficult to control; their temperament suited them for hunting dangerous game like wolf and wild boar, but due to their unruliness they were also known to kill sheep and goats against their huntsman's wishes.
The Fauve de Bretagne hounds were known in France from the 16th century, in 1520 Francis I of France was presented with a hound "Miraud" by the Breton Admiral Claude d'Annebault; Francis subsequently kept a pack. In 1570, Charles IX of France in his La Chasse Royale listed the Fauve de Bretagne as one of the principal breeds of French hounds. With the extirpation of wolves from much of France in the mid-19th century these hounds became rare; by 1873 it was recorded that purebred examples were hard to find and it was believed only three packs retained the bloodlines; in subsequent decades the breed became extinct.
Some Grand Fauve de Bretagne hounds had been crossed with Briquet Griffon Vendéens to create the Griffon Fauve de Bretagne; these smaller hounds retain much of the appearance of the Grand Fauve de Bretagne.
Basset Fauve de Bretagne

The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a short-legged hunting breed of dog of the scent hound type, originally from Brittany, a historical duchy of France.
The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a smallish hound, built along the same lines as the Basset Hound, but lighter all through and longer in the leg. Wire-coated, the coat is very harsh to the touch, dense, red-wheaten or fawn, sometimes with white markings on the chest. They measure 32 – 38 cm in height and weigh between 36 - 40 lbs but due to the historically controversial practice of registering mixed litters of Griffon and Basset Fauves, sometimes a litter of bassets will produce dogs with long legs. They have coarse, dense fur which may require stripping. Although their coat repels dirt and does not mat easily, they still require weekly combing and brushing. The hair on the ears is shorter, finer and darker than that on the coat. The ears just reach the end of the nose rather than trailing on the ground and should be pleated. They should have dark eyes and nose and ideally no crook on the front legs. The French standard says these are the shortest backed of all the basset breeds so they generally do not appear as exaggerated as the British Basset.
A 2006 study found a relatively low inbreeding coefficient, at 3.9%, the second-lowest of the nine French breeds in the study.
The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is one of the more commonly affected breeds for primary open angle glaucoma. An autosomal recessive mutation of the ADAMTS17 gene is responsible for the condition in the breed.
The breed was developed in France as a hunting dog from the larger Grand Fauve de Bretagne, a breed that is now extinct. There was a rumour that the Basset Fauve de Bretagne was also close to extinction after the Second World War, and the breed was recreated using the remaining examples of the breed and crossing in standard wirehaired Dachshunds. However, the French club denies this, and says that Basset Fauve numbers were never so low. In 2002, there were 1060 new registrations of the Basset Fauve in France.
The breed in the UK is mainly seen as a show dog and family pet, finally coming off the Kennel Club's rare breed register in 2007. In the UK, under 140 dogs are registered a year. It can also be found in other parts of Europe where it is used to scent trail and also as a family pet.
Griffon Fauve de Bretagne

The Griffon Fauve de Bretagne (English: Fawn Brittany Griffon) is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France in the region of Brittany.
The Griffon Fauve de Bretagne is a medium-sized dog, 48 to 56 cm (19-22 ins, same for males and females) at the withers, with a distinctive rough (shaggy) pale coat, long drop ears, and a long tail carried up and in a slight curve. The body is short backed. The breed should appear bony and muscular. Colour of the coat can be any shade of fawn from golden to red.
Grand Fauve de Bretagnes were used in packs for hunting wolves and wild boar, and Francois I was known to keep a pack. With the elimination of wolves in the 19th century, they nearly became extinct and examples were crossed with Briquet Griffon Vendéens to create the smaller Griffon Fauve de Bretagne.
In 1949, Marcel Pambrun founded the Club de Fauve de Bretagne to save the remains of the breed that had been kept alive by a few farmers and hunters. Since the 1980s, the Griffon Fauve de Bretagne and the derived breed, the Basset Fauve de Bretagne, have been successfully restored in numbers and are popular hunting dogs.
The breed is a good hunting dog, still used in France to hunt boar, but is also a good family dog. Examples of the Griffon Fauve have been exported to other countries, where they are promoted as a rare breed for those seeking a unique pet.
No unusual health problems or claims of extraordinary health have been documented for this breed. The breed's ideal temperament is described in the breed standard as being wily and tenacious as a hunter on all terrains, but sociable and affectionate with people. Temperament of individual dogs may vary.
Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen

The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen or GBGV is a dog breed from France.
The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen is derived from the Grand Griffon. The first selections were made at the end of the 19th century by the Comte d'Elva who was looking for subjects with "straight legs". But it was Paul Dézamy who was especially responsible for fixing the type. He had understood that in order to catch a hare, dogs of a certain size were needed. He fixed the size at about 43 cm. Today used primarily when hunting with a gun, it is capable of hunting all mammalian game, from the rabbit to the wild boar. A team of Grand Bassets won the fifth edition of the European Cup for hare. The GBGV is one of six types of "basset"-type breeds recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI).
Grand Basset Griffon Vendéens a long-backed, short-legged hunting breed of dog of the hound type, originating in the Vendée region of France. They are still used today to hunt boar, deer, and to track rabbit and hare, but are more commonly kept as a domestic pet.
They are pack dogs, so owners should either spend a lot of time with them or get a second dog or a cat. They have a happy and confident personality, which can sometimes manifest itself as disobedience. With obedience training and patience, they can make great companions.
Average longevity of 76 deceased Basset Griffon Vendéens (varieties combined) in the 2004 UK Kennel Club survey was 12.1 years (maximum 17.3 years). Leading causes of death were cancer (33%), old age (24%), and cardiac (7%).
Compared to surveyed longevities of other breeds of similar size, Basset Griffon Vendéens have a typical or somewhat higher than average life expectancy.
Among 289 live Basset Griffon Vendéens (varieties combined) in the 2004 UKC survey, the most common health issues noted by owners were reproductive, dermatologic (dermatitis and mites), and aural (otitis externa, excessive ear wax, and ear mites).
Griffon (dog type)

Griffon is a type of dog, a collection of breeds that were originally hunting dogs. There are three lines of the griffon type recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI): the Griffon Vendéens, the wirehaired pointers, and the smousje (Belgian companion dogs or Dutch Smoushond). The griffon type is characterized by rough- or wire-hair.
The griffon is mentioned as early as Xenophon. The hounds, Canis Segusius, used by the Gauls were griffons. Among the oldest breeds are the Italian Wirehaired Pointing Dog or Spinone Italiano (FCI #165) and the breeds bred by Eduard Karel Korthals originating in the Low Countries (Belgium, Netherlands, northern France) which have a short, bearded muzzle. The smousje, a small dog mentioned since the Middle Ages in the Low Countries known for its firm, even temperament and rough coat, was the initial breeding stock for the Brussels Griffon.
Scenthounds (FCI Group 6, Section 1)
Pointers (FCI Group 7, Section 1)
Small Belgian Companion Dogs, "Smousje" (FCI Group 9, Section 3)
Mifan

Mifan (Minang Fantasi) Water Park & Resort adalah taman bermain yang terdapat di Kota Padang Panjang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Menempati lokasi di kawasan Perkampungan Minangkabau Village, Mifan berada dalam satu kompleks dengan Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Kebudayaan Minangkabau (PDIKM). Minangkabau Village sendiri merupakan sebuah lokasi yang menampilkan bangunan replika dari rumah adat Minangkabau. Mifan mulai dibangun pada pertengahan 2006 di atas lahan seluas 9,8 hektare dan mulai dibuka untuk umum pada Juli 2008. Peresmian Mifan dilakukan pada Oktober 2008 oleh Wali Kota Suir Syam. Pembukaan Mifan menandai meningkatnya kunjungan wisatawan sekaligus menyumbang sektor pendapatan kota.
Mifan dilengkapi dengan resort dan cottage. Berdiri di lahan yang alami dengan udara yang sejuk di kaki Bukit Barisan, Mifan diapit 3 gunung besar, yaitu Gunung Marapi, Gunung Singgalang, dan Gunung Tandikat.
Mifan dapat dicapai dalam 1,5 jam dengan naik mobil dari Bandara Internasional Minangkabau dan 40 menit dari Jam Gadang Bukittinggi.
Luasnya kawasan Mifan dapat menampung pengunjung dengan kapasitas 25.000 pengunjung. Harga tiket masuk pada hari Senin-Jumat Rp. 40.000,- dan pada hari Sabtu-Minggu ataupun libur Nasional dibandrol dengan harga Rp. 50.000,-. Sedangkan jam operasional Senin sampai Jumat 10.00-17.00 WIB dan pada Sabtu-Minggu atau Libur Nasional 08.00-18.00 WIB.
Mifan memiliki dua area permainan, yaitu Arena Waterpark (Permainan Basah) dan Drypark (Permainan Kering), menawarkan belasan wahana bermain untuk anak dan orang dewasa. Diantaranya, Ferris Wheel, Bom Bom Car, Ufo, Jump Around, Mini Couster, Komedi Putar, Flying Fox, Cinema 4D, dan Bumper Boat.
Selain itu, juga ada beragam fasilitas seperti Menara Seluncur setinggi 12 m dengan panjang lebih dari 104 m, Kolam Arus atau sungai buatan sepanjang 250 meter yang diberi nama ‘Batang Anai River’.
Terdapat Kolam Ombak/Legend Beach, seluas 1.800 meter persegi. Disini ombak besar, tapi tidak ganas. Kiddy Pool, kolam khusus untuk balita dengan kedalaman 40 cm dan dilengkapi sarana bermain untuk anak–anak, seperti seluncur dan air mancur berbentuk jamur dan badut.
Ada juga Kolam Ember Tumpah, untuk bermain anak sepuasnya dilengkapi dengan seluncur, air mancur kecil-kecil dan tentu saja dengan air yang dapat tiba-tiba tumpah dari ‘ember raksasa’ di atas seluncuran, bisa memancing tawa dan kecerian.
Selanjutnya ada juga Semi Olimpic Pool, diberi nama ‘Niagara Pool’. Kolam renang semi olimpic, dengan panjang ukuran 25 mdan lebar 8 m. Kolam ini bisa digunakan untuk perlombaan. Kolam Wanita, diberi nama ‘Talago Puti’. Kolam ini merupakan kolam renang khusus untuk wanita remaja dan dewasa.
Surau Taram

0°12′39″S 100°41′49″E﻿ / ﻿0.210791°S 100.696955°E﻿ / -0.210791; 100.696955
Surau Taram terletak di Jorong Cubadak, Nagari Taram, Kecamatan Harau, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Surau ini didirikan pada awal abad ke-17 oleh Syekh Ibrahim Mufti, seorang ulama penyebar Islam di Nagari Taram. Lokasinya berada di dekat Bukit Bulek.
Keberadaan surau ini berkaitan dengan figur Syekh Ibrahim Mufti atau memiliki julukan Beliau Keramat. Ia merupakan murid Syekh Ahmad Qusasi di Madinah dan seangkatan dengan Abdurrauf as-Singkili. Setiba di Taram pada abad ke-17, Ibrahim Mufti mendirikan surau untuk mendukung kegiatan dakwahnya dalam penyebaran Islam.
Sejak didirikan, Surau Taram tercatat telah mengalami sejumlah perbaikan. Bangunan surau yang berdiri saat ini merupakan hasil pemugaran dengan tetap mempertahankan bentuk arsitektur asli.
Surau Taram pernah menjadi sentral Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah di Lima Puluh Kota. AWP. Verkerk Pistorius dalam artikelnya di Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië pada tahun 1868 menyebut surau ini dihadiri oleh sekitar 1.000 murid dalam setahun. Di sekitar Surau Taram, juga terdapat surau tempat mengajar Syekh Taram dan Syekh Sungai Ameh.
Surau ini pernah digunakan sebagai tempat ibadah suluk. Saat ini, Surau Taram digunakan untuk aktivitas ibadah terbatas seiring dengan kehadiran masjid, yakni Masjid Baitul Qiramah di sebelah barat surau.
Syekh Ibrahim Mufti dipandang oleh penduduk setempat sebagai orang yang memiliki karamah sehingga dijuluki Beliau Keramat. Makamnya terdapat di kompleks surau dan menjadi tujuan ziarah, teruatama tanggal 27 Rajab. Penziarah datang dari berbagai daerah di Minangkabau baik dari pengikut Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah maupun Tarekat Syattariyah.
Selain makam Syekh Ibrahim Mufti, terdapat makam Syekh Muhammad Nurdin di kompleks surau.
Surau Taram tercatat sebagai surau yang memiliki tradisi menulis dan menyalin naskah. Sedikitnya seratus koleksi naskah diperkirakan ada di sini, tetapi sebagian besar kini telah hilang. Hanya 14 naskah yang masih tersimpan, sepuluh di antaranya berada dalam kondisi yang sangat buruk. Sebagian naskah disimpan oleh Ramli Datuak Marajo Basa, keturunan ke-13 dari Ibrahim Mufti yang rumahnya terletak di sebelah surau.
Bustanil Arifin

Letnan Jenderal TNI (Purn.) Bustanil Arifin, S.H. (10 Oktober 1925 – 13 Februari 2011) adalah seorang militer dan politisi Indonesia. Ia pernah menjabat Kepala Badan Urusan Logistik (Bulog) dan Menteri Koperasi Indonesia.
Namanya diabadikan sebagai nama jalan di kota kelahirannya.
Bustanil lahir dari pasangan Raden Mas Ahmad dan Aminah. Ayahnya adalah seorang bangsawan Jawa yang menjadi teknisi kereta api di Padang Panjang, sementara ibunya adalah orang Minangkabau. Semasa remaja ia ikut orang tuanya yang pindah tugas ke Sigli, Aceh Timur. Disana ia mengenyam pendidikan sebelum akhirnya berpindah lagi ke Padang Panjang dan Medan mengikuti ibunya yang menikah lagi dengan Sutan Ilyas yang berprofesi sebagai pemborong.
Pada masa remaja ia bergabung dengan tentara Jepang. Setelah kemerdekaan ia direkrut menjadi tata usaha Kompi Parang Berdarah, kemudian diangkat sebagai Komandan Kompi III Bata­lyon III IRMA yang diter­junkan ke Medan Area. Tugasnya menghadang tentara Sekutu yang telah masuk melalui Pelabuhan Belawan.
Setelah masa revolusi berakhir, ia melan­jutkan karier militernya di lingkungan TNI Angkatan Darat Pusat, diajak oleh senior-seniornya yang sama berjuang pada masa revolusi di Aceh dan Medan Area. Pada masa Orde Baru, Bustanil diangkat Soeharto menjadi Kepala Bulog. Pada masa kepemimpinannya ia berhasil melakukan swasembada pangan. Kesuksesan ini mendapatkan penghargaan dari FAO (Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian Dunia) pada tahun 1985. Pada tahun 1978, ia masuk ke dalam jajaran anggota Kabinet Pembangunan III yakni sebagai Menteri Muda Urusan Koperasi. Di Kabinet Pembangunan IV dan Kabinet Pembangunan V, ia kembali terpilih sebagai Menteri Koperasi.
Di Sumatera Barat, Bustanil membangun PDIKM (Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Kebudayaan Minangkabau) dan Minangkabau Village di Padang Panjang. Ia juga ikut membangun rumah sakit jantung di Padang pada awal dekade 1990-an.
Bustanil Arifin meninggal dunia di Rumah Sakit Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 13 Februari 2011, dalam usia 85 tahun.
Ia menikah dengan R.A. Suhardani, seorang perempuan berdarah Jawa. Dari pernikahannya itu ia dikaruniai empat orang anak, yaitu Yani, Alex, Alwin, dan Emil.
Selama masa hidupnya, ia mendapat tanda kehormatan dari negara seperti Bintang Mahaputera Adipradana (17 Agustus 1982), Bintang Gerilya, Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Pratama, Satyalancana Kesetiaan 8 tahun, Satyalancana Kesteiaan 24 tahun, Satyalancana Perang Kemerdekaan I, Satyalancana Perang Kemederkaan II, Satyalancana GOM I, Satyalancana GOM II, Satyalancana GOM III, Satyalancana GOM V, Satyalancana Penegek, Satyalancana Dwidya Sistha, dan Satyalancana Wira Dharma.
Nice Nailantei Leng'ete

Nice Nailantei Leng'ete ni mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu wa Kenya, anayetetea utaratibu mbadala wa kupitishwa (ARP) kwa wasichana barani Afrika na kufanya kampeni ya kukomesha ukeketaji wa wanawake (FGM). Katika kazi yake na Amref Health Africa, Leng'ete ameokoa takriban wasichana 15,000 kukeketwa na ndoa za utotoni. Alitajwa na Jarida la Time mnamo 2018 kama mmoja wa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa ulimwenguni .
Nice Nailantei Leng'ete alizaliwa mwaka wa 1991 katika kijiji cha Kimana kwenye jamii ya Wamasai nchini Kenya . Alikuwa yatima kwani wazazi wake wote wawili walifariki mnamo 1997 na 1998. Alitumia miaka yake ya ujana kuhamahama kwenye nyumba mbalimbali kwenye kijiji chake. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka minane, alipelekwa kwenye shule ya bweni. Ni katika shule ya bweni ambapo Leng'ete aligundua kwamba "kukatwa", ibada ya wasichana kubadilika na kuwa mwanamke katika utamaduni wake wa Kimasai, haikuhitajika.
Leng'ete alikuwa msichana wa kwanza kijijini kwao kwenda shule ya upili, Alianza kuonekana kijijini kwao kama msukumo kwa wasichana na wanawake wadogo. Baadaye, Leng'ete aliwaficha wasichana wadogo ambao waliomba usaidizi wake ili kuepuka "kukatwa", kitendo ambacho kilimfanya kuwa mtengwa katika jamii yake. Leng'ete aliendelea kuwatetea wasichana hao na kuwahimiza wanakijiji kujadili suala hilo nyeti na muhimu.
Agnes Nandutu

Agnes Nandutu ni mwandishi wa habari na mwanasiasa wa kike kutoka nchini Uganda. Mnamo mwaka 2020 alishiriki kwenye kura ya mchujo wa Chama cha Upinzani cha Kitaifa ambapo alishindwa na mbunge wa Kike wa sasa Justin Khainza, na katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Uganda mwaka mnamo 2021 akiwania kama huru, alichaguliwa kuwa Mwakilishi wa Wanawake wa Wilaya ya Bududa
Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki

Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki ni jina linalotumika pengine kuhusu Wakristo wa Makanisa ya Mashariki ambayo katika karne ya 5 yalitengana na Wakatoliki na Waorthodoksi kwa kutokubali uamuzi wa mojawapo kati ya Mitaguso ya kiekumeni, hasa ile ya Efeso (431) na Kalsedonia (451).
Makanisa hayo ni ya kitaifa, kama vile:
Jumla ya waumini ni milioni 84 hivi, wengi wao wakiwa Waethiopia.
Rutongo

Rutongo ni mji ulioko katikati ya Rwanda kwenye umbali wa karibu km 10 (maili 8) tu kutoka mji mkuu wa Rwanda, Kigali.
Iko karibu sana na mstari wa ikweta kwenye kimo cha m 1579 juu ya UB. Hali ya hewa ni ya wastani: hakuna baridi kali wala joto kali.
Kuna seminari ya awali ya Kanisa Katoliki.;
Mkutano wa Potsdam 1945

Mkutano wa Potsdam (Potsdam conference) ulitokea kuanzia 17 Julai hadi 2 Agosti 1945 katika mji wa Potsdam, Ujerumani. Waliohudhuria walikuwa viongozi wa nchi washindi wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, ambao walikuwa mwanzoni Winston Churchill, baadaye Clement Attlee kama Waziri Mkuu wa Uingereza, Harry S. Truman (Rais wa Marekani) na Joseph Stalin (kiongozi wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti).
Wakati wa mkutano vita ilikuwa ilikwisha tayari katika Ulaya tangu Ujerumani kusalimisha amri kwenye Mei 1945. Vita dhidi Japani katika Asia iliendelea lakini ilionekana tayari Japani ilielekwa kushindwa.
Viongozi wa nchi hizo waliwahi kukutana pale Teheran (Iran) mnamo 1943 na Yalta (Urusi) katika Februari 1945. Tangu mkutano wa Yalta rais Roosevelt wa Marekani aliaga dunia na makamu wake Truman alikuwa rais mpya. Pale Uingereza Winston Churchill alishindwa katika uchaguzi uliofanyika wiki moja baada ya mwanzo wa mkutano, na Clement Attlee alichukua nafasi yake. Kwa hiyo viongozi wapya wawili wa Marekani na Uingereza walikutana na Stalin aliyekuwa mtawala wa Urusi na Umoja wa Kisovyeti tangu miaka mingi. Marekani na Uingereza waliona kwamba Stalin hakufuata mapatano ya Yalta kuhusu Poland; vilevile alilenga kufanya sehemu kubwa ya Poland katika mashariki kuwa sehemu ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti, na badala yake kuhamisha maeneo ya Ujerumani kuwa sehemu za Poland, pamoja na kufukuza Wajerumani wote katika sehemu hizo.
Kati ya maswali yaliyojadiliwa bila kufikia mapatano yalikuwa:
Wakati wa mkutano Umoja wa Kisovyeti badi haikuwa na vita dhidi ya Japani lakini Stalin aliahidi kwamba jeshi lake litashambulia Japani miezi mitatu baada ya ushindi juu ya Ujerumani, yaani wakati wa Agosti. Kwenye tarehe 26 Julai Churchill wa Uingereza, Truman wa Marekani na Chiang Kai-shek akiwa kiongozi wa serikali ya Jamhuri ya China walitangaza masharti yao kwa kumaliza vita dhidi ya Japani; walidai jeshi la japani kusalimisha amri, kuingia kwa vikosi vya ushirikiano ndani ya nchi, mwisho wa serikali iliyoendesha vita, kupeleka mahakamani Wajapani wote walitenda jinai; na kuanzishwa kwa serikali mpya ya amani baada ya uchaguzti huru; kama Japani isingekubali walitangaza nchgi yote itaangamizwa.
Detroit Junior

Emery "Detroit Junior" Williams, Jr. (Oktoba 26, 1931 – 9 Agosti 2005) alikuwa mpiga kinanda wa muziki wa blues, mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Marekani kutoka Chicago. Anajulikana kwa nyimbo kama vile "So Unhappy", "Call My Job", "If I hadn't Been High", "Ella" na "Money Tree". Nyimbo zake zimekuwa zikiimbwa tena mara kwa mara na wasanii wengine kama Koko Taylor, Albert King na wasanii wengine wa blues.
Mzaliwa wa Haynes, Arkansas, Detroit alirekodi wimbo wake wa kwanza uitwao, "Money Tree", na lebo ya Bea & Baby mnamo 1960. Albamu yake ya kwanza iliitwa Chicago Urban Blues, ilitolewa mapema miaka ya 1970 kwenye lebo ya Blues on Blues. Pia ana rekodi kwenye Alligator, Suti ya Bluu, Rekodi za Sirens, na Delmark .
Detroit Junior alianza kazi yake huko Detroit, Michigan, akiunga mkono wanamuziki watalii kama vile Eddie Boyd, John Lee Hooker, na Amos Milburn . Boyd alimleta Chicago mnamo 1956, ambapo aliishi huko kwa muda wa miaka kumi na miwili iliyofuata . Mapema miaka ya 1970, Detroit alitembelea na kurekodi na Howlin' Wolf . Baada ya kifo cha Wolf mwaka wa 1976, Detroit alirudi Chicago, ambako aliishi na kucheza hadi kifo chake,kifo chake kilitokana na kushindwa kwa moyo kufanya kazi mwaka 2005. Alikuwa kila wiki mara kwa mara katika vilabu vya Chicago blues BLUES na Kingston Mines.
Alimuachia kakake Kenneth H. Williams. Kenneth H. Williams ni mtunzi wa nyimbo, mpiga gitaa na mhandisi mashuhuri wa sauti ambaye kwa sasa anawatengenezea kazi Erykah Badu, Donald Glover Jr. AKA Childish Gambino na wengine wengi.
Nje ya Bongo

Nje ya Bongo, ni jina la albamu ya nne kutoka kwa msanii wa muziki wa hip hop wa Dar es Salaam, Tanzania maarufu kama II Proud. Albamu imetoka mwaka 1999, mwaka mmoja tangu atoe albamu ya tatu. Nyimbo kali kutoka katika albamu ni pamoja na Deiwaka, Nje ya Bongo, Nipo Kwenye Microphone na Siku Yangu. Albamu imefanywa kipindi ambacho 2 Proud ndiyo mara yake ya kwanza kufanya safari ya Ulaya na kurekodi nyimbo hizo akiwa hukohuko barani Ulaya.
Albamu imetayarishwa na Mongo Star amemtaja katika wimbo wa Nje ya Bongo, vilevile II Proud nae katia mkono katika kutayarisha albamu hii. Kifupi hakuna albamu ambayo 2 Proud hajashiriki katika kutayarishaji kasoro Coming of Age-Ujio wa Umri tu. Zilizobakia zote katia mikono yake. DJ Jumanne alisaidia katika kutayarisha albamu hii. Halafu kipindi hiki si zamani sana tangu J4 afanye utafiti wake wa muziki wa hip hop wa Tanzania.
Kipazasauti

Kipazasauti (pia spika) ni kifaa kinachotoa sauti kwenye redio, runinga au ala za muziki wa elektroniki. Kifaa hiki kina uwezo wa kupaza sauti asilia na hapo ndipo asili ya jina lake.
Inapokea mishtuko ya umeme na kuibadilisha kuwa mwendo wa sumaku ndogo ndani yake inayosogea mbele na nyuma. Sumaku inaunganishwa na mtando wa kipaza sauti na kuitetemesha kwa miendo yake. Mitetemo ya utando ndani ya kipaza sauti inaendelea kama mitetemo ya hewa mbele ya utando. Mitetemo inasambaa na kupokelewa na kiwambo cha sikio kama sauti. Sauti inayotoka kwa kipazasauti yategemea sauti ya anayeongea na kinasasauti (microphone) inayopokea mitetemo ya sauti kwa utando ndani yake. kuibadilisha kuwa mishtuko ya umeme inayoweza kupokewa tena na kipazasauti.
Kinasasauti

Kinasasauti (pia mikrofoni au maikrofoni kutoka lugha ya Kiingereza: microphone) ni kifaa kinachoweza kuichukua sauti na kuibadili ili iwe ishara za umeme (electrical signals).
Kinasasauti hutumika katika simu, vifaa vinavyosaidia watu walio na shida za kusikia, pamoja na vifaa vya kuhadhiri kwa watu wengi katika jukwaa na ukumbi. Unapoongea kwa kinasasauti, ile sauti hufanywa kubwa na baadaye kusikika kwa kipaza sauti. Kinasasauti pia hupatikana katika studio za kurekodi muziki ambapo mtu hukitumia na ile sauti huhifadhiwa kwa tarakilishi na baadaye kuhaririwa ili muziki utolewe. Kwa leo, hili ni jambo la kawaida haswa kwa wale wanaotengeneza video za youtube ili sauti yao iwe ya kuvutia na kusikika kwa urahisi.
Ilifika pahali katika historia ambapo watu walihitaji kuifanya sauti yao iwe kubwa kuliko kawaida. Waigizaji na waimbaji katika kumbi za michezo waliona kwamba sauti zao hazisikiki vizuri na kwa hiyo wakaanza kutumia vinasasauti vilivyofanana na honi ya baiskeli.
Mvumbuzi Robert Hooke ndiye aliyekuwa wa kwanza kujaribu kutumia kinasasauti kilichofunganishwa na uzi kilichojulikana kama lover's telephone.
Ol' Dirty Bastard

Russell Tyrone Jones (15 Novemba 1968 – 13 Novemba 2004) alikuwa rapa na mtayarishaji, ambaye alikwenda kwa jina la kisanii la Ol' Dirty Bastard (mara kwa mara hufupishwa kama ODB). Huyu alikuwa mmoja kati ya walioanzisha kundi zima la hip hop la Wu-Tang Clan.
Ol' Dirty Bastard ameleta mambo ya ajabu na upimbi kwenye kundi la Wu-Tang Clan. Anafahamika sana kwa maujanja yake ya kushika microphone (yaani, anaimba kwa kufokafoka sana na maneno yake kama hayasikiki).
Fahari ya mtu mweusi

Fahari ya mtu mweusi (kwa Kiingereza: Black pride) ni jina la harakati zilizoanzishwa kuzipiku tamaduni na itikadi za Kizungu na kuhamasisha watu weusi kufurahia tamaduni zao za asili na kushikilia urithi wao wa Kiafrika.
Huko nchini Marekani, harakati hizo zilihusishwa moja kwa moja na kupinga ubaguzi wa rangi kutoka kwa watu weupe. Hasa katika kipindi cha Vuguvugu la haki za kiraia lililotokea nchini Marekani wakati watu weusi walipodai haki zao za kiraia ikiwa ni pamoja na kupiga kura, usawa katika fursa za kazi, sheria za kibaguzi, na mambo mengine mengi ambayo ni haki ya msingi ya kila binadamu.
Harakati nyingine zinazohusiana ni pamoja na mamlaka ya mtu mweusi, uzalendo wa mtu mweusi, Black Panthers na Uafrocentriki.
Haru Mutasa

Haru Mutasa ni mtangazaji wa Al Jazeera ya Kiingereza, afisi ya Nairobi. Al Jazeera ya Kiingereza ni stesheni ya kwanza inayotoa habari kwa lugha ya Kiingereza iliyo na makao yake makuu katika nchi ya Kiarabu.
Yeye amewahi kufanya kazi na South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), CNN, Television New Zealand (TVNZ), Associated Press Television News (APTN) na Star Sports Network.
Kama ripota mjini Harare, Zimbabwe, Haru aliwahi kuripoti taarifa nyingi kuhusu Zimbabwe zilizoonyeshwa katika kipindi cha Inside Africa (CNN), Television New Zealand (TVNZ) na APTN.
Mwaka wa 2007, Haru aliteuliwa kwa "Young Journalist of the Year" (Mwanahabari Mdogo Zaidi katika Mwaka huo) katika tuzo ya Royal Television Society.