davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
మర్రి శశిధర్ రెడ్డి

మర్రి శశిధర్‌రెడ్డి తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రానికి చెందిన రాజకీయ నాయకుడు, జాతీయ ప్రకృతి విపత్తుల నివారణ సంస్థ మాజీ ఛైర్మన్‌. మర్రి శశిధర్‌ రెడ్డి ఉమ్మడి ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ మాజీ ముఖ్యమంత్రి మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి కుమారుడు.
మర్రి శశిధర్‌రెడ్డి 24 ఆగష్టు 1955న తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రం, హైదరాబాద్ లో మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి , సావిత్రి దేవి దంపతులకు జన్మించాడు. ఆయన సెయింట్. స్టీఫెన్స్ కాలేజీ, యూనివర్సిటీ అఫ్ ఢిల్లీ నుండి 1967లో బిఎ (ఇంగ్లీష్) , 1971లో ఆచార్య ఎన్‌.జి.రంగా వ్యవసాయ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం నుండి బీఎస్సీ (అగ్రికల్చర్), 1973లో అమెరికాలోని కాన్సాస్ స్టేట్ యూనివర్సిటీ నుండి మాస్టర్స్ డిగ్రీ (అగ్రోనోమి) పూర్తి చేశాడు.
మర్రి శశిధర్‌ రెడ్డి తన తండ్రి అడుగుజాడల్లో రాజకీయాల్లోకి వచ్చి 1992లో సనత్‌నగర్ నియోజకవర్గం నుండి తొలిసారి ఎమ్మెల్యేగా గెలిచాడు. ఆయన 1994లో కాంగ్రెస్ అభ్యర్థిగా పోటీ చేసి టీడీపీ అభ్యర్థి శ్రీపతి రాజేశ్వర్ పై 6162 ఓట్ల తేడాతో గెలిచి రెండోసారి ఎమ్మెల్యేగా అసెంబ్లీకి ఎన్నికయ్యాడు. మర్రి శశిధర్‌ రెడ్డి 1999లో టీడీపీ అభ్యర్థి శ్రీపతి రాజేశ్వర్ చేతిలో 16031 ఓట్ల తేడాతో ఓటమి పాలై, 2004లో టీడీపీ అభ్యర్థి శ్రీపతి రాజేశ్వర్ పై 9546 ఓట్ల మెజారిటీతో, 2009లో జరిగిన ఎన్నికల్లో తెరాస అభ్యర్థి టి. పద్మారావు గౌడ్ పై 8325 ఓట్ల మెజారిటీతో గెలిచాడు.
మర్రి శశిధర్‌ రెడ్డి 2004లో జాతీయ ప్రకృతి విపత్తుల నివారణ సంస్థ ఛైర్మన్‌గా నియమితుడై 19 జూన్ 2014న ఆ పదవికి రాజీనామా చేశాడు. ఆయన తెలంగాణ ప్రత్యేక రాష్ట్రం ఏర్పడిన తర్వాత 2014లో జరిగిన తెలంగాణ అసెంబ్లీ ఎన్నికల్లో కాంగ్రెస్ అభ్యర్థిగా పోటీ చేసి తలసాని శ్రీనివాస్ యాదవ్ చేతిలో 27461 ఓట్ల తేడాతో ఓటమి పాలయ్యాడు. ఆయన నవంబర్ 8, 2020న టీపీసీసీ ఎన్నికల సమన్వయ కమిటీ ఛైర్మన్‌గా నియమితుడై, 28 జూన్ 2021న ఆ పదవికి రాజీనామా చేశాడు.
మర్రి శశిధర్ రెడ్డి పార్టీ వ్యతిరేక కార్యకలాపాలకు పాల్పడుతున్నందుకు ఆయనను తెలంగాణ కాంగ్రెస్ కమిటీ ఆరేళ్ల పాటు పార్టీ నుండి బహిష్కరిస్తున్నట్లు 2022 నవంబర్ 19న టీపీసీసీ క్రమశిక్షణా సంఘం చైర్మన్ జి. చిన్నారెడ్డి ప్రకటించాడు. మర్రి శశిధర్ రెడ్డి 2022 నవంబర్ 25న న్యూఢిల్లీలోని బీజేపీ కేంద్ర కార్యాలయంలో బీజేపీలో చేరగా, ఆయనకు కేంద్ర మంత్రి శర్భానంద్ సోనేవాల్ బీజేపీ సభ్యత్వం అందించాడు.
మర్రి శశిధర్‌ రెడ్డిని 2024 జనవరి 08న లోక్‌సభ ఎన్నికల నేపథ్యంలో వరంగల్‌ లోక్‌సభ నియోజకవర్గ ఇన్‌చార్జి బీజేపీ పార్టీ నియమించింది.
మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి

మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి (జనవరి 13, 1919 - డిసెంబర్ 2, 1996) రెండు పర్యాయాలు ఉమ్మడి ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ముఖ్యమంత్రి, భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రేసు పార్టీకి చెందిన రాజకీయ నాయకుడు. ఇతను ఉత్తర ప్రదేశ్, పంజాబ్, రాజస్థాన్, తమిళనాడు రాష్ట్రాలకు గవర్నరుగా కూడా పనిచేశాడు.చేనేత, లఘు పరిశ్రమల శాఖ
చెన్నారెడ్డి జనవరి 13, 1919న ప్రస్తుత వికారాబాదు జిల్లా, వికారాబాదు తాలూకాలోని మార్పల్లి మండలం లోని సిరిపురం గ్రామములో జన్మించాడు. ఇతని తండ్రి మర్రి లక్ష్మారెడ్డి.చెన్నారెడ్డి 1941లో ఎం.బి.బి.ఎస్ డిగ్రీ పొందాడు. తర్వాతి రోజులో వరంగల్ లోని గాంధీ ఆసుపత్రిలో డాక్టర్ గా పనిచేశాడు తర్వాత రోజుల్లో ఆంధ్ర యువజన సమితి, విద్యార్థి కాంగ్రెసును స్థాపించాడు. ఇవే కాక అనేక విద్యార్థి, యువత, విద్యా, అక్షరాస్యత, సాంస్కృతిక సంస్థలలో చురుకుగా పాల్గొనేవాడు.ఇతను హైదరాబాద్ అనే ఒక వారపత్రికకు రెండు సంవత్సరాల పాటు సంపాదకత్వము వహించాడు. అంతే కాక అనేక పత్రికలలో వ్యాసాలు కూడా ప్రచురించాడు. చెన్నారెడ్డి అప్పటి హైదరాబాదు రాష్ట్రములోని స్వాతంత్ర్యోద్యమములో పాల్గొన్నాడు.1942లో ఆంధ్ర మహాసభ ప్రధాన కార్యదర్శిగా పనిచేశాడు. 1978 లో కాంగ్రెస్ చీలిక సమయంలో మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి శ్రీమతి ఇందిరాగాంధీ వర్గంలో చేరి అప్పటి సమైక్య ఇందిరా కాంగ్రెస్ అప్పటి ఉమ్మడి ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ కు నాయకత్వ సారథ్యం వహించి సుమారు 175 నియోజక వర్గాలలో విజయం చేకూర్చి ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ ముఖ్యమంత్రి పదవిని చేపట్టినారు.
గాంధీజీ పిలుపు మేరకు 1935లో ఆంధ్రమహాసభలో పాల్గొన్నారు. అది ఆయన రాజకీయ అరంగేట్రం. కార్యకర్తగా, సమావేశకర్తగా, ఖాదీ ప్రచారకుడుగా, గాంధేయుడుగా, విద్యార్థి నాయకుడుగా, ఆంధ్ర విద్యార్థి కాంగ్రెస్‌ వ్యవస్థాపకుడుగా అనేక స్థాయిల్లో పనిచేసి అనుభవాన్ని సంపాదించారు. 1938లో జైలు శిక్షను అనుభవించారు
డిసెంబర్ 2,1996లో చెన్నారెడ్డి మరణించాడు. ప్రస్తుతం చెన్నారెడ్డి సమాధి హైదరాబాదులోని ఇందిరా పార్కు ఆవరణలో ఉంది. తెలంగాణ కోసం తెలంగాణ ప్రజా సమితి పార్టీ పెట్టి అన్ని సీట్లు గెలిచి, ఆ పార్టీని కాంగ్రెసులో విలీనం చేశాడు.
మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి రెండో మంత్రివర్గం

మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి రెండో మంత్రివర్గం (లేదా దీనిని ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ 16వ మంత్రిమండలి అని కూడా పిలుస్తారు) భారత జాతీయ కాంగ్రెస్ 1989 ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ శాసనసభ ఎన్నికలలో మెజారిటీ స్థానాలను సాధించిన తర్వాత ఏర్పడింది.
మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డితో పాటు మొత్తం 19 మంది మంత్రులతో ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్ర మంత్రివర్గం ప్రమాణ స్వీకారంచేసింది.
ఇది అప్పటి ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ ముఖ్యమంత్రి మర్రి చెన్నారెడ్డి నేతృత్వంలోని ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ మాజీమంత్రివర్గం జాబితా
Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya

Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV), is a Central University located in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. GSV is India's first Transportation and Logistics University, which was created by an Act of Parliament in August 2022.
In 2017, cabinet of India led by the prime minister Narendra Modi approved the setting up of India's first university exclusively focused on transport-related education, multidisciplinary research and training, called National Rail and Transportation Institute (NRTI). It was established in 2018.
In 2022, NRTI was subsumed by Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya.
List of Current Programs offered are as follows:
Technology Stream:
B.Tech. Programs (Regular Students):
Internships at the end of every year is a part of our curriculum, that offer for practical exposure. In addition, all the undergraduate students compulsorily have to submit a thesis/project at the end of their degree.
M.Tech. Programs (Exclusively for Working Industry Professionals):
Management Stream: MBA (Regular):
MBA (Exclusively for Working Industry Professionals) :
Ph.D Programs (Exclusively for Working Industry Professionals) :
*Further, additional programs are being conceived, based on stakeholders' inputs.
Elements of the logo design:
•Symbols representing all modes of transportation (Land, Water, Air), showcasing the transportation sector (Railways, Roads and Highways, Metro, Aviation, Aerospace, Ports, Shipping, Maritime, Waterways, etc.)
•The "Banyan Tree" or "Vad Vriksha" from Vadodara, symbolizing both knowledge and sustainability.
•A continuous "wheel" of progress, depicting momentum and innovation.
•The Sanskrit śloka "अदम्यम् उत्कृष्टतायाः अनुसरणम्", translating to “Relentless Pursuit of Excellence”
Eligibility and Process
For Regular Students, admissions to the university are only offered through following ways:
Being a Central university, GSV follows Government Regulations with respect to reservations.
For eligibility and application process, please head to our official website https://gsv.ac.in/admission/ to apply for the academic programes.
At this moment GSV has approximately 40 Regular and around 50 Visiting Faculty. Further, it is constantly striving to attract more from the talent pool available in Industry and Academic Institutions countrywide.
As of January 2025, a total of around 840 students are pursuing their higher studies with GSV under B. Tech., BBA, MBA, M. Tech. and Ph.D programs. The students are from 22 different states of India, reflecting true diversity of the nation.
Being an Innovation-led and Industry-driven University for creating, assimilating and imparting excellence of knowledge and actions accelerating development in the transport and logistics sectors, GSV has collaborated with various industry players to foster formidable and unparalleled Industry-Academia relations to help propel young minds toward building a Viksit Bharat by 2047.
A representative List of the collaboration are as follows:
Nandikeshwari Temple

Nandikeshwari Temple, also known as Nandikeshwari Tala, is located in Sainthia city of West Bengal. This temple is part of the famous Shakti Peethas in Indian Subcontinent.
The name of Goddess is derived from 'Nandi', the mascot and follower of Shiva, and 'Ishwari' (Goddess), meaning ‘one who is worshiped by Nandi, the divine bull.
The history of the Nandikeshwari Temple is linked with the event of Sati's self-sacrifice at the Yajna Sabha of her father Daksha, because Daksha insulted Sati and her husband, Shiva. It is believed that the necklace of Sati's corpse fell here to form the Shakti Peetha when the Sudarshan Chakra of Lord Vishnu mutilated the corpse of Sati from the arms of Lord Shiva to reduce his rage.
The present temple was built in 1913, the Bengali year of 1320.
The main idol in the temple is a black stone, which is now almost red, as devotees use sindur to pray the holy stone as Nandikeshwari. The idol is adorned with a silver crown and three golden eyes.
There are several temples within the boundary among which Ram-Sita temple, Shiva temple, Maha Saraswati temple, Maha Laxmi-Ganesha temple, Laxmi-Narayana temple, Radha Govinda temple, Bhairav Nandikeshwari temple, Hanuman (Bajrangbali) temple deserves special mention. There is a huge sacred banyan tree where the devotees bind red and yellow threads to fulfill their wishes.
Lodhi Colony

Lodhi Colony (Hindi: लोधी कॉलोनी) is a Central Government Officers and Staff Residential Colony in South Central part of New Delhi, built in the 1940s, and lies adjacent to the Lodhi Gardens and Lodhi Road.
Built in 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area. it was one of the last residential areas built during the British Raj.
Lodhi Colony has several centres for higher education nearby, such as the All India Management Association (AIMA) institute, the Alliance Française de Delhi and a south-campus Delhi University college - the Dyal Singh College. There are also private schools such as Kendriya Vidyalaya Pragati Vihar, Air Force Bal Bharati School and The Banyan Tree School besides various state schools.
There are several places to visit in the vicinity such as the Sai Baba Temple of Lodhi Road, Ram Mandir at Bhishmah Pitamahah Marg, India Habitat Centre, Najaf Khan's Tomb and Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium. Lodhi Garden is also very near and is one of the most popular gardens in New Delhi among morning walkers and joggers.
The four main shopping markets in this area are Jorbagh Market, Khanna Market and Meharchand Market and Main Market. Chocolate Wheel Confectionery in the Jor Bagh area is a popular bakery from which Rajiv Gandhi used to buy cakes.
Over 14 artists across the globe were commissioned to paint the walls of Lodhi Colony making it an India's first open-air art district.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100628182942/http://estates.nic.in/
Kraft Azalea Park

Kraft Azalea Park (alternatively, Kraft Azalea Garden) is a scenic public park located in the city of Winter Park, Florida just north of Orlando, Florida. The park is bordered by Lake Maitland on the North and West.
The park was developed 1938. Notable nurseryman Martin Daetwyler was hired to design the garden by well-known residents, George and Maud Kraft, Mayor Frederick Cady, Forney Shepard, Leonard Hackney and Mrs. C. F. Ward.
The quiet 5.22-acre park has eight benches for reading, picnic, or just spending a quiet relaxing time. There are trails for short walks and the park also has a small dock that is open for fishing nearby Lake Maitland (formerly known as Lake Fumecheliga). Common fish to catch include largemouth bass, carp, bluegill, gar, and tilapia. The park also contains the Exedra monument which is a stone arc monument near the water's edge. The park, including the monument, has been used in the past and is able to be reserved for photos shoots and weddings.
There are local boat tours that routinely pass by the park. The Scenic Boat Tours, a well-established boat tour from downtown Winter Park, offers an 18-passenger trip passed the park, during which you can view the Exedra monument from the boat.
The park is located in a residential area with very limited parking. Entrance to the park is located on 1363 Alabama Drive in Winter Park, Florida.
Bordering Lake Maitland, the park is illuminated by plants, flowers, and beautiful cypress trees. Lake Maitland is the largest lake in the Winter Park Chain of Lakes. The Winter Park Chain of Lakes consists of six lakes: Lake Virginia, Lake Mizell, Lake Osceola, Lake Maitland, Lake Nina and Lake Minnehaha. Kraft Azalea Park is located near one of the many canals connecting this chain. In addition, the Rollins College is accessible from this chain of lakes and most visible from Lake Virginia. From the small dock, Dog Island, a popular spot for families can be seen.
28°36′40″N 81°20′41″W﻿ / ﻿28.611232°N 81.344715°W﻿ / 28.611232; -81.344715
Urbana (tarjeta)

Urbana es un tipo de tarjetas inteligentes que utiliza tecnología sin contacto (o RFID), implementada en la ciudad argentina de Bahía Blanca, inicialmente para su uso en el sistema local de colectivos de corta y mediana distancia. Urbana fue desarrollada por la empresa EYCON S.A.,​ y pertenece al sistema e-Bus​ creado por la misma.
Este sistema reemplazó al viejo Tarjebús, también una tarjeta, pero de material descartable y tecnología de banda magnética, implementado hace ya varios años para sustituir el clásico boleto, que era abonado al conductor al subir a la unidad. Urbana fue el único medio para abonar un viaje en colectivo, una vez que Tarjebús fue retirado definitivamente del servicio.
Actualmente, Urbana solo sirve para pagar parquimetros para estacionamiento en la zona céntrica de Bahía Blanca. Fue dada de baja para todas las líneas de colectivos y fue reemplazada por la tarjeta SUBE (Sistema Único de Boleto Electrónico).
Urbana es una aplicación del sistema e-Bus desarrollado por la empresa Eycon S.A., con asiento en la localidad de Bahía Blanca. El e-Bus es un Sistema de Gestión del Transporte Público de Pasajeros que está compuesto por los siguientes módulos:
El sistema también tiene la capacidad de gestión de alarmas (pánico, emergencia médica, emergencia mecánica, etcétera). Es necesario el empleo de un servidor principal encargado de almacenar y administrar la base de datos, que comprende tanto la información de los usuarios que poseen tarjetas personalizadas, como los datos y registros de las unidades GPS de cada terminal, entre otros tipos de información.
Existen dos tipos de dispositivos que recargan las tarjetas, utilizados en los locales comerciales que ofrecen el servicio:
Urbana es un tipo de tarjeta MIFARE que cumple con las normas ISO/IEC 14443 A.
Cada tarjeta recargable posee una numeración única e irrepetible grabada tanto en su electrónica como en área de datos específicos de la misma, en forma única e irrepetible, con el fin de evitar duplicaciones y falsificaciones.
La “integridad de datos” es controlada por comprobación de redundancia cíclica o “Código de Redundancia Cíclica” (CRC) a nivel de registro. Esto es, por cada 7 bytes (caracteres o elementos de datos) grabados, se graba 1 byte adicional complementario a los otros 7 bytes, de modo de poder verificar la correcta lectura o escritura.
Subtepass

Las Subtepass son una serie de tarjetas inteligentes de cartón para realizar viajes en todas las líneas del Subte de Buenos Aires. Comenzaron a funcionar el 16 de septiembre de 2000 en la línea E y reemplazaron gradualmente al viejo sistema de cospeles. Las tarjetas no son recargables, aunque existen diversos tipos con carga de hasta 10 viajes, además de varias tarjetas especiales. A diferencia de las tarjetas plásticas recargables SUBE y Monedero, las Subtepass pudieron ser adquiridas sin ningún trámite hasta el 2 de mayo de 2016, cuando finalizó su venta para dar paso a los medios de pago sin contacto.​ Actualmente son utilizadas únicamente para pases y abonos especiales.
Se tratan de tarjetas de cartón plastificado, resistente pero descartable. Existen más de diez variantes, siendo solo cuatro las más habituales. La tarjeta se introduce en una ranura ubicada frente al molinete, el cual la absorbe, lee la información y la devuelve por la parte superior, dejando impresa en el reverso de la tarjeta información sobre la estación, la línea y los viajes disponibles en la tarjeta.
Fueron aquellas que se vendieron libremente sin ningún requisito, existiendo versiones de 1, 2, 5 y 10 viajes. Existieron otras versiones actualmente descontinuadas. Por su diseño se pueden subdividir en:
Las que poseen solo la cantidad de viajes y la leyenda "Subtepass" sobre un fondo opaco. No poseen publicidad ni promociones.
Aquellas que poseen diseños especiales conmemorativos de hitos institucionales del subte, tales como inauguraciones de estaciones, aniversarios, etc.
Todas las tarjetas que poseen publicidad no institucional de fondo entran en esta categoría. Suelen haber motivos creativos y de distintos ámbitos. En varias ocasiones, la publicidad incluye un descuento para quien presente la Subtepass.
Se tratan de tarjetas especiales con descuentos para determinadas personas. Deben ser tramitados.
Son tarjetas especiales que permiten ingresar a los andenes sin abonar.
Se tratan de tarjetas promocionales con viajes gratis o descuentos. Existen de diversos montos y suelen ser distribuidos ante la inauguración de servicios. Entre los más curiosos se pueden mencionar:
Por lo peculiar de su diseño, su fácil conservación, su emisión en series y las publicidades coloridas (que incluyen estrenos de películas, juegos, descuentos para comida, hitos institucionales, etc) estas tarjetas se han convertido en un objeto de culto, habiendo muchas personas que las coleccionan y pudiéndose comprar lotes enteros por internet. Dado que su valor estaba tasado en viajes y no en dinero, era frecuente que los usuarios compren tarjetas de varios viajes antes de que se produzca un aumento de tarifas.​ Esto dejó de suceder porque dejaron de venderse al público.
La máquina del cambiazo

La máquina del cambiazo es una historieta de 44 páginas del autor de cómics español Francisco Ibáñez, publicada en 1971.
La historieta fue publicada originariamente en los números 15 a 19 de la revista en la revista Mortadelo​ entre el 8 de marzo y el 5 de mayo de 1971; esta historieta daba fin a la saga iniciada con la corta La máquina del cambiazo (6 páginas), publicada en el número extra de verano de la revista Gran Pulgarcito el 5 de julio de 1969, y continuada con las cortas El malvado Jack "Tortazo y la máquina del cambiazo (8 páginas) y Otra racha de traspasos con la máquina del cambiazo (8 páginas), publicadas en los números 2 y 3 de la revista Super Pulgarcito en diciembre de 1970.
Posteriormente aparecería en el número 9 de la colección Ases del humor a un precio de 125 pesetas,​ en el 10 de Magos del humor,​ aparecería y daría título al álbum n.º 96 de la cuarta edición de la Colección Olé,​ y en la colección Súper Humor junto a Valor y... ¡al toro!, Contra el "gang" del chicharrón, El caso del bacalao y Los superpoderes.​
Los títulos con los que se publicaron cada uno de los episodios de la historieta larga fueron los siguientes:
En esta historieta se muestra una caída de la aristocracia como en una viñeta en la que una obesa condesa caía encima de Filemón sin que se le pudiera levantar, algo que permitió la censura franquista.​
El profesor Bacterio ha inventado la máquina del cambiazo. Esa máquina sirve para cambiar de posición a la gente. Una persona entra en la máquina, se escogen unas coordenadas y la persona que esté dentro de la máquina aparecerá en esas coordenadas remplazando a la persona que se hallaba allí. Esta última aparecerá en la máquina sin saber como ha llegado allí.
La T.I.A. quiere aprovechar el invento para capturar a varios delincuentes. Mortadelo y Filemón serán los encargados de meterse en la máquina para cambiarse de posición por los maleantes.
La máquina del cambiazo vuelve a aparecer con distintas modificaciones en las siguientes historietas:​
Además en la película de dibujos animados basada en los personajes de Ibáñez El armario del tiempo el aparato que da título a la película tiene un funcionamiento muy similar al de la citada máquina.
La máquina de copiar gente

La máquina de copiar gente es una historieta de 1978 del dibujante de cómics español Francisco Ibáñez protagonizada por Mortadelo y Filemón.
Han robado el último invento del profesor Bacterio, La máquina de copiar gente. Esta máquina sirve para copiar personas con una personalidad distinta. Por un lado se introduce una fotografía de la persona que se desea copiar y por otro se introduce el encefalograma con la clase de mentalidad que se desea. El resultado es una copia exacta del sujeto pero con una mentalidad distinta.
Mortadelo y Filemón serán los encargados de recuperar el invento robado y evitar que las copias de personas hechas por el ladrón cometan delitos.
What the Butler Saw (mutoscope)

What the Butler Saw is a mutoscope reel and an early example of erotic films dating from the early 1900s. It depicted a scene of a woman partially undressing in her bedroom, as if some voyeuristic "butler" were watching her through a keyhole. The film was seen by depositing a coin in a freestanding viewing machine, which then freed a hand-crank on the side which was turned by the viewer. Social standards are subject to change, and by the 1950s this and similar films were considered harmless when compared to contemporary erotica.
The title of this feature became widely used in Britain as a generic term for devices and films of this type. The phrase had entered British popular culture after the 1886 divorce case of Lord Colin Campbell and Gertrude Elizabeth Blood. The trial hinged on whether their butler could have seen Lady Colin in flagrante with Captain Shaw of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, through the keyhole of their dining room at 79 Cadogan Place, London.
குறுக்குப் பயிற்சி

குறுக்குப் பயிற்சி, தடகள விளையாட்டுகளில் அளிக்கப்படுகிறது. குறுக்குப் பயிற்சியின் முதன்மையான நோக்கம் குறிப்பிட்ட விளையாட்டில் அதிகளவு திறனை வெளிப்படுத்துவதாகும். எடுத்துக்காட்டாக கையுந்து பந்து மேல்கை பந்தை அனுப்பும் திறனை உட்கார்ந்து கொண்டு பயிற்சி செய்வது குறுக்குப் பயிற்சியாகும்.
குறுக்குப் பயிற்சியானது ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட உடற் பகுதிகளுக்கு மட்டும் வலுவூட்டாமல், உடலின் அனைத்துப் பகுதிக்கும் உடற்தகுதியை அதிகப்படுத்துகிறது.
தண்ணீர் விளையாட்டுகளுக்கான குறுக்குப் பயிற்சிகள் தரையில் வழங்கப்படுகிறது. இது வறண்ட நிலப் பயிற்சியாகும். நீச்சல் போட்டிக்கான குறுக்குப் பயிற்சி என்பது ஓடுதல், தடைகளை தாண்டும் பயிற்சிகள் வளைந்து நெளிந்து ஓடும் பயிற்சிகளாகும். வறண்டநிலத்தில் குப்புற வித்தை அடித்தல் என்பது உயிர்விசையியல் பயிற்சிகள் மூலம் வழங்கப்படுகிறது.
2012 கோடைக்கால இணை ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுக்கள்

2012 கோடைக்கால இணை ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுகள் (2012 Summer Paralympic Games) பதினைந்தாவது இணை ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் ஆகும். இது ஐக்கிய இராச்சியத்தின் இலண்டன் மாநகரில் ஆகத்து 29, 2012 முதல் செப்டம்பர் 9, 2012 வரை நடைபெற்றது.
2012இல் இலண்டன் மூன்றாம் முறையாக ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுக்களை ஏற்று நடத்துகின்ற போதும் இணை ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுக்களை நடத்துவது இதுவே முதல் முறையாகும். இருப்பினும் இந்த விளையாட்டுக்கள் ஐக்கிய இராச்சியத்தில் இரண்டாம் முறையாக நடைபெறுகின்றன; 1984ஆம் ஆண்டின் கோடைக்கால இணை ஒலிம்பிக் ஐக்கிய இராச்சியத்தின் இசுடோக் மண்டெவில்லிலும் ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்காவின் நியூயார்க் நகரிலும் கூட்டாக நடைபெற்றன.
1948ஆம் ஆண்டு ஒலிம்பிக் போட்டிகள் இலண்டனில் துவங்கப்பட்ட அதே நாளில் உடல் குறையுடையோருக்கான முதல் அமைப்புசார் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் துவங்கப்பட்டன. இந்தப் போட்டிகளை இசுடோக் மண்டெவில் மருத்துவமனையின் மருத்துவர் லுட்விக் கட்மான் தண்டுவடத்தில் காயப்பட்ட பிரித்தானிய இரண்டாம் உலகப் போர் முன்னாள் வீரர்களுக்காக ஏற்பாடு செய்தார். இந்த முதல் போட்டிகள் உலக சக்கர நாற்காலி மற்றும் உறுப்பிழந்தோர் விளையாட்டுக்கள் என அழைக்கப்பட்டன.
2012 லண்டன் இணை ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டியே அதிக எண்ணிக்கையான போட்டியாளர்கள் பங்குபற்றும் போட்டியாகவும் அதிக எண்ணிக்கையான நாடுகள் பங்குபற்றும் போட்டியாகவும் உள்ளது. 2008 ஒலிம்பிக் போட்டிகளிலும் பார்க்க 250 பேர் கூடுதலாக, அதாவது 4,200 போட்டியாளர்கள் இதில் பங்குபற்றுவர் என எதிர்பார்க்கப்பட்டது. மேலும் பெய்ஜிங் ஒலிம்பிக் போட்டிகளில் பங்குபற்றிய நாடுகளிலும் மேலதிகமாக 17 நாடுகள் இதில் பங்குபற்றுகின்றன. பதினான்கு நாடுகள் முதன்முதலாக இப்போட்டிகளில் பங்குபற்றுகின்றன. அவையாவன: அன்டிகுவா மற்றும் பார்படா, புரூணை, கமரூன், கொமோரோஸ், கொங்கோ சனநாயகக் குடியரசு, ஜிபுட்டி, காம்பியா, கினியா-பிஸ்ஸௌ, லைபீரியா, மொசாம்பிக், வட கொரியா, சான் மரீனோ, சொலமன் தீவுகள் மற்றும் அமெரிக்க வெர்ஜின் தீவுகள். 1988க்குப் பின் முதற்தடவையாக டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ பங்குபற்றுகிறது. போட்ஸ்வானாவும் மலாவியும் ஆரம்பத்தில் பங்குபற்ற எண்ணியிருந்தும், ஆரம்ப விழாவுக்குச் சற்று முன்னர் அரச நிதியுதவியின்மையைக் காரணங் காட்டி போட்டியிலிருந்து விலகிக்கொண்டன. இதில் மலாவி தனது முதல் மாற்றுத்திறணாளர் ஒலிம்பிக் போட்டியில் விளையாட எதிர்பார்த்திருந்தது.
பின்வரும் தேசிய இணை ஒலிம்பிக் குழுக்கள் தமது அணிகளை விளையாட அனுப்பியுள்ளன:
ஒவ்வொரு விளையாட்டிலும் உள்ள போட்டிகளின் எண்ணிக்கை அடைப்புக்குள் தரப்பட்டுள்ளது.
போட்டி நடத்தும் நாடு ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம்(பிரித்தானியா)
Oswaal Books

Oswaal Books is an Indian educational publishing company headquartered in Agra, India. Established in 1984 by Naresh Jain, the company focuses on producing study materials for different educational boards, including CBSE, ISC, ICSE, and Karnataka, as well as materials for competitive exams such as JEE Main and Advanced, NEET, CAT, and CLAT. Prashant Jain is the CEO of the company.
Oswaal Books began in 1984, founded by Naresh Jain, who is Prashant Jain's father. The Jain family's involvement in another publishing business inspired Naresh to enter this field. During the 1980s, education gained prominence as people from various backgrounds acknowledged its value. The books available in the market at the time were mostly government publications, falling short of fully meeting consumer needs, which led to a demand for private players.
To start the business, Naresh borrowed ₹100,000 from friends. He initiated book production in Agra, primarily targeting students affiliated with the Madhya Pradesh board. In the 1990s, the company expanded to include books for CBSE and ICSE boards. In 2007, Prashant and his wife, Swaati Jain joined the family business after returning from London, and in the same year, they launched the company's website. In 2021, the company became one of the largest publishing companies in the offline space with an annual circulation of 3.5 million books.
In 2018, Oswaal Books organized roundtable discussions on school education in various states, including Kolkata and Andhra Pradesh. These events featured the participation of education ministers and government officials from different states. K Sandhya Rani, commissioner of school education; Ganta Srinivasa Rao, minister for human resource development in the Government of Andhra Pradesh; minister Laxmi Ratan Shukla; and commissioner of school education, Saumitra Mohan.
In September 2021, the company initiated a trial for its high-school test-preparation platform, Oswaal 360, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was officially launched in March 2022.
In July 2023, Oswaal Books appointed actor Jitendra Kumar, popularly known as Jeetu Bhaiya, as its brand ambassador.
The company also diversified its portfolio by entering the education sector with Lil Legends. Oswaal Books collaborated with an educationist to author their debut series for Lil Legends. The company also introduced sample papers for the official CBSE Board 2022–23 for class 10th and 12th. These CBSE Sample Papers 2022–23 cover classes 9, 10, 11, and 12, featuring questions expected in board exams, aligning with the CBSE Sample Papers.
Box (juggling)

In toss juggling, the box is a juggling pattern for 3 objects, most commonly balls or bean bags. Two balls are dedicated to a specific hand with vertical throws, and the third ball is thrown horizontally between the two hands. Its siteswap is (4,2x)(2x,4).
The box pattern can be seen as a synchronous shower (a fountain), which direction is changed at every throw. The half-box is similar, but asynchronous, with siteswap 441. 441 has been described as, "the simplest non-obvious siteswap," as, "a very popular and pretty pattern," and, "a great pattern." The seesaw (siteswap: 612), is also known as the box. It resembles 441 without the two-in-one or an asynchronous (4,2x)(2x,4).
The horizontal, hand-crossing throw in the box is known as the "vamp". In a traditional box pattern, the vamp crosses underneath the vertical paths of the other two "side balls". However, there are several variations on this vamp's placement.
In the inverse box, the siteswap stays the same and two balls (4s) are still thrown in straight lines, but the ball thrown from the right hand is going up and down on the left side and vice versa. This results in rather fast hand movements, because after the right hand has thrown all up on the left side, both hands need to rush to the right so that the left hand can throw the next ball on the right side.
Outside box is same as the original version, except that the fast horizontal (2x) ball is thrown outside the landing vertical ball and caught outside the next thrown vertical ball. For visual appeal, the 2x should thrown as vertical as possible; very easily its flight path becomes too arced and the trick loses its visual appeal.
Luke's shuffle is a variation on the box in which the throws that are normally thrown horizontally are thrown diagonally downward. In this pattern, the siteswap stays the same, but the throw involves carrying the ball up over the rising 4 throw. The ball is then thrown from above the 4 diagonally downward to the opposite hand. The resulting downward throw is often known as a shuffle, giving the trick its name. This trick was invented by Luke Jugglestruck (Luke Gravett) in 1991 and shown to Charlie Dancey who included it in his book.
Rubenstein's Revenge

In toss juggling, Rubenstein's Revenge is a 3-ball juggling pattern named by George Gillson after its inventor, Rick Rubenstein. Along with Mills' Mess and Burke's Barrage, it is one of three well-known named juggling patterns that involve complex carries and crossed arm throws. Rubenstein's Revenge is usually considered the most involved and difficult of the three.
Rubenstein's Revenge is a shape distortion of the three-ball Siteswap 52233. A shape distortion means that the throws are done from non-standard positions, in this case, using crossed arm movements. The varying heights can be represented in Siteswap notation by the numbers 52233. In this notation, each of the numbers represents one particular throw in a sequence of five throws.
This is one round of Rubenstein's Revenge.
In addition to the varying ball heights, Rubenstein's Revenge incorporates elements of chops, claws and orbits. While the ball thrown as a 5 is in midair, the two other balls are carried in circular orbits around each other. These balls are then thrown and caught with the palm of the hand turned at an odd angle as in claws. One of these balls is caught with a downward diagonal movement as in chops.
The overall pattern results in a fluid and natural spiraling motion of the hands and balls. The trick is difficult to understand, especially from a written description.
Alexis Floyd

Alexis Floyd is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Neff in the Netflix series Inventing Anna (2022) and Dr. Simone Griffith on Grey's Anatomy (2022–present).
Alexis Floyd was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, in a musical family. Her mother, a classically trained flautist, is manager of Cleveland Youth Orchestra and her father was a classically trained tenor before becoming a lawyer. She took up violin at age three. She was a competitive figure skater, did violin recitals at the Youth Orchestra, studied at the Cleveland School of Ballet and did musical theater at several venues, including Cleveland Playhouse and Cleveland Public Theater. Her education was entirely in private schools. For high school she attended Hawken School, and went on to Carnegie Mellon to study musical theater. In 2012, she studied at The Rhodopi International Theater Collective in Bulgaria, where she studied Suzuki method, mime, and aerial art. After college graduation she moved to Los Angeles and then to New York City where she now lives. At the time of her audition for the role of Neff, Floyd was working as a concierge at a New York high-end yoga studio.
Her career prior to her role as Neff was primarily off-Broadway and a recurring role as Tia Clayton in Freeform's The Bold Type. Her other activities included choreography and dancing on short films and music videos.
Her career took a leap forward when she landed the role of Neff in Inventing Anna. The series is the true life story of Anna Sorokin, a Russian born woman who claimed to be Anna Delvey, a German heiress who faked her way into New York high society. She did much preparation before auditioning. "A bit of a social media recluse," Floyd was unaware of the Sorokin/Delvey story; to learn about it she read as much as she could. Floyd learned the Prince George's County accent of Neff, with some New York thrown in. When Floyd got the role she met the "real Neff," Neffatari (Neff) Davis. They met several times, so that Floyd would have some understanding of the dynamics of the friendship between Neff and Anna. Floyd's role was as a concierge at a boutique hotel Delvey was staying in. The concierge became crucial to Anna, and her only friend. Neff was the key to getting Anna V–VIP access to exclusive parties, shopping services and restaurants. Floyd's portrayal of Neff has been critically well received. Her performance has been described as a "scene stealer and truly magnetic." Floyd felt she could easily relate to Neff Davis; they live down the street from each other in Brooklyn, and:
On July 19, 2022, it was announced that Floyd will be a series regular during the 19th season of the ABC series, Grey's Anatomy.
Floyd has a younger brother, Aric Floyd, who is also an actor.
Floyd publicly came out queer in 2025.
Elimujamii

Elimujamii ni fani ya sayansi inayochunguza mwenendo wa kijamii, yaani binadamu katika maisha ya jamii: unavyoanza, unayoendelea, unavyojipanga na unavyosababisha miundo.
Kwa maneno mengine, elimujamii inamsoma mtu katika mahusiano yake: mtu na mtu, mtu na watu (kundi) na hivyo huweza kugundua tabia zake mbalimbali.
Somo hilo linahusiana na masomo mengine, kama vile anthropolojia, historia, elimunafsia na uchumi.
Ni mojawapo kati ya sayansi za jamii nayo inatumia mbinu tofauti za kutambua hali halisi, halafu inazichunguza kimpango.
Jina la fani hii linatokana na Kilatini ("socius" yaani "mwenzi") na Kigiriki ("λογία, logia" yaani "elimu") pamoja.
Aliyeunganisha kwa mara ya kwanza maneno hayo (mwaka 1780) ni mwandishi Mfaransa Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (1748–1836), lakini alichoandika kilichelewa kuchapwa. Mwaka 1838 alifanya vilevile Mfaransa mwingine, mwanafalsafa wa sayansi Auguste Comte (1798–1857). Comte used this term to describe a new way of looking at society.
Kujifunza elimujamii ni kujifunza kuangalia dunia kwa mapana zaidi, yaani kutoka nje ya mipaka ya tafsiri zetu tulizojiwekea kijuujuu. Ni kukubali changamoto ya kuchunguza upya yale yote tunayoyajua kwa maana za kawaida: matokeo ya uchunguzi huo pengine hupingana na kile tulichokidhani mwanzoni na hivyo kutuwezesha kuuona ukweli katika hali mpya.
Elimujamii hutusaidia kuelewa hali halisi ya jamii ili kuchangia urekebishaji au utengenezaji wa sera mpya. Hutusaidia pia kukuza ujuzi wetu wa jamii mbalimbali na wa mahusiano yetu kijamii, yakiwa mazuri au mabaya vilevile. Hutusaidia tena kuelewa jumuia zetu kubwa au ndogo kama watu wanaoishi pamoja wakifuata mila na desturi za aina moja na kuwa na lengo moja. Hutusaidia kuelewa aina mbalimbali za utamaduni ili kurahisisha ushirikiano.
Pamoja na kwamba mizizi ya elimujamii inapatikana katika maandishi ya wanafalsafa wa Ugiriki Plato na Aristotle, somo hilo lilipata kujitegemea katika karne ya 19 likakua haraka katika karne ya 20.
Mababa wake ni hasa Auguste Comte (1798-1857) na Herbert Spencer (1820-1903).
Wengineo ni Karl Marx (1818-1883), Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) na Max Weber (1864-1920).
Chris Murphy

Christopher Scott Murphy (alizaliwa Agosti 3, 1973) ni mwanasheria wa Marekani, mwandishi, na mwanasiasa anayehudumu kama seneta mdogo wa Marekani kutoka Connecticut tangu 2013. Mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, awali alihudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, akiwakilisha. Wilaya ya 5 ya Connecticut kutoka 2007 hadi 2013. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kuwa Congress, Murphy alikuwa mshiriki wa mabaraza yote mawili ya Mkutano Mkuu wa Connecticut, akitumikia mihula miwili kila moja katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Connecticut (1999-2003) na Seneti ya Connecticut (2003– 2007).
Murphy aligombea kiti cha Seneti ya Marekani mwaka 2012 baada ya aliyekuwa madarakani kwa muda mrefu Joe Lieberman kutangaza Januari 2011 kwamba angestaafu siasa badala ya kuwania muhula wa tano madarakani. Alimshinda aliyekuwa katibu wa Jimbo la Connecticut Susan Bysiewicz katika mchujo wa chama cha Democratic, na baadaye akamshinda mgombea wa Republican Linda McMahon kwa kiti cha wazi katika uchaguzi mkuu. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 39 wakati huo, Murphy alikuwa seneta mdogo zaidi wa Bunge la 113.
Amos Wako

Amos Wako (alizaliwa 31 Julai 1945) amekuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali ya Kenya tangu Mei 1991.Wako kwa sasa anahudumu kama Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Wataalamu wa Katiba kwa ajili ya Kuandaa Katiba ya Shirikisho la Kisiasa la EAC, kamati inayounda katiba ya Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki.
Wako alizaliwa nchini Kenya. Alipata Shahada ya Sayansi katika Uchumi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha London, shahada ya sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, na Mwalimu wa Sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha London. Yeye aliwahi kufanya kazi katika mashirika kadhaa ya kitaaluma, ikiwa ni pamoja kuishikilia nafasi ya Katibu Mkuu wa Afrika Bar Association kutoka 1978 hadi 1980, na kama katibu mkuu wa kwanza wa 'Inter-African Union of Lawyers'. Yeye ni mjumbe wa Bodi ya Kitivo cha Sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi.
Alihifadhi kiti chake kama Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali kupitia mpito kutoka Daniel Arap Moi na Mwai Kibaki. Anashughulikia kashfa ya Goldenberg, kashfa ya rushwa ambayo ilidumu muda wake wote kama Mwanasheria Mkuu.
Mwezi Oktoba 2009 alipewa marufuku kusafiri USA kwa sababu ya 'kuzuia mageuzi ya kisiasa kimakusudi' kufuatia vuruga za baada ya uchaguzi mwaka 2008.
Albizia odoratissima

Albizia odoratissima, a member of the family Fabaceae, is a fast-growing, deciduous tree reaching 15 to 25 m (49 to 82 ft) in height, a diameter of 120–150 cm (47–59 in), and native to large parts of India (where it is known as கருவாகை, Kali siris or black siris), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Sri Lanka (where it is known as Ceylon rosewood) and China. It is one of the top nitrogen-fixing trees.
The species' wide range of habitat, usefulness and rapid growth of about 1 m (3 ft) in height annually, has led to an extensive distribution in the tropics and occasionally in the temperate zones, despite young plants' being susceptible to frost. It has become naturalised over large swathes of Tropical Africa, extending from Kenya down the east coast through Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe as far south as Mozambique, and is grown in Johannesburg, South Africa. It has also become feral in Central America and Florida in the United States. It will tolerate a wide range of soil types, but does best on moist, well-drained, loamy soils, and can occur from sea level to about 1,800 m (5,906 ft), with an annual rainfall of 600–3,000 mm (24–118 in).
Albizia odoratissima has an attractive dark brown to black heartwood, often striped, durable and dense. It seasons with few problems, and works and polishes well, finding applications in structural timber, furniture and agricultural implements. In Bangladesh large areas of tea and coffee plantations are shaded by this species, while the foliage makes good cattle fodder. The species is liable to genetic degradation due to the 'extensive felling of phenotypically superior trees for commercial purposes.'
The fragrant flowers are white withering to a pale orange, appearing in large terminal clusters. Mature pods are reddish-brown, thin and flat, from 13–20 cm (5.1–7.9 in) long and 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) wide, and contain eight to twelve reddish-brown seeds, each weighing about 0.5 g (0.018 oz). The bark is dark grey with horizontal lenticels. Leaves are bipinnately compound, downy, with three to nine pairs of pinnae and ten to thirty pairs of pinnules. Seeds germinate readily with a high viability, but are often damaged by Bruchidius beetles of the family Chrysomelidae.
Media related to Albizia odoratissima at Wikimedia Commons
Xylocarpus granatum

Xylocarpus granatum, commonly known as the cannonball mangrove, cedar mangrove, or puzzlenut tree, is a species of mangrove in the mahogany family (Meliaceae). It is found in Africa, Asia, Australasia and the Pacific Islands. It is a common species of mangrove, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Xylocarpus granatum is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree, growing to a maximum height of 12 m (39 ft). The trunk has buttresses and above-ground roots which extend for long distances to either side. The bark is brown and smooth, and comes away in flakes. The leaves are pinnate and arranged spirally on the twigs; they have two to four pairs of leaflets and are pale green when young and darken with age. The inflorescence grows in a short panicle in the axil of a leaf or at the end of the shoot. The individual flowers are 8 mm (0.3 in) wide, with parts in fours, and are white or pinkish-yellow. They are followed by large, spherical, woody capsules, 9 to 12 cm (4 to 5 in) in diameter, which split open to reveal up to a dozen seeds. The common name "puzzlenut tree" derives from the irregular shape of the seeds: a puzzle can be made of shuffling the seeds and attempting to reassemble them into the original spherical arrangement.
This species is native to the tropical and sub-tropical Western Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique (in which it is one of ten mangrove species) to India, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, northern Australia and Papua New Guinea; it grows in the higher intertidal zone and is found in estuaries and lining the banks of creeks.
The wood is hard and durable and can be used for boat-building, construction and making furniture, however the trees are twisted and often hollow so large pieces of timber may not be available; the wood is also used for tool handles and other small items, and can be used as firewood but burns rather quickly. The bark is rich in tannins and has been used for strengthening rope and dying cloth. The bark, fruits and seeds have been used in traditional medicine.
Mangroves in general are under threat from coastal development and from harvesting, and another threat is global warming and the consequent rise in sea levels. Xylocarpus granatum is a common species of mangrove with a very wide range, and it is probably not declining at a sufficient fast rate to be included in any threatened category. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed it as being of "least concern".
Entandrophragma angolense

Entandrophragma angolense, called the tiama, is a tree species with alternate, pinnately compound leaves that are clustered at the ends of branches. It is within the family Meliaceae and has a wide distribution area, occurring in moist semi-deciduous and evergreen forest regions of Tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Uganda.
Harvesting for timber has caused the species to become vulnerable in certain countries.
Entandrophragma angolense was first indicated as belonging to the Swietenia family but upon a revision in 1894 by de Candolle, the species was transferred to a new genus Entandrophragma. In 2021, up to 10 taxa are placed as synonyms of the species in two database.
The tree can grow to a height of 60 meters and reach a diameter of 200 cm, its base often has developed buttresses that can reach a height of 6 meters, and extending as surface roots, the trunk is branchless for up to 30 meters. The grey-brown bark tends to be thin and smooth with irregular flaking in small and large pieces leaving concave or mussel-shell shaped scars, slash is pink to reddish. Leaves are paripinnately compound, up to 50 cm long and tufted at the ends of branches, 4-11 pairs of opposite leaflets per pinnae, petiole is up to 18 cm long. Leaf-blade outline is commonly oblong to obovate, 3.5–12 cm long and 2–4 cm wide, upper surface is dark green and coriaceous. Flowers are in dense panicles, clustered at the end of branches, petal is greenish white in color, flowering period is between November and February. Fruits is a large pendulous capsule, up to 22 cm long.
The species distribution is wide spread in tropical Africa, its native range is within the evergreen and semi-deciduous forest zones of West, Central and East Africa. In Eastern Africa, majorly Kenya and Uganda, occurrence is of a lower density than in Central and West Africa.
Chemical compounds including the limonoids: 7α- acetoxydihydronomilin, 7α- obacunylacetate and Methyl angolensate have been isolated from methanol extracts of the stem bark of the species.
Timber traded as Tiama mahogany, White tiama or Genu Nohur is used for cabinet making, furniture and interior and exterior joinery. In traditional medicine, extracts of the stem bark is used to treat various gastrointestinal afflictions and a decoction is consumed to treat fever.
Embassy of Hungary, Ottawa

The Embassy of Hungary in Ottawa is the embassy of Hungary to Canada. It is located in the historic Birkett Castle at 306 Metcalfe Street in the Centretown neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, with the main entrance via the adjacent embassy annex at 299 Waverley Street.
Hungary maintained a Consulate General in Toronto which closed on November 27, 2009, but it has since been re-opened at a new location in Toronto as of April 18, 2014. Hungary also maintains Honorary Consulates in Montreal, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary, and Vancouver. "Extramural consular days" are held at various times in other locations across the country.
Birkett Castle was built in 1896 by Thomas Birkett, who served as Mayor of Ottawa and later as a Member of Parliament. The building, which was built in the Baronial style, features towers, a crenellated roofline, wood panelling, stained glass windows and a variety of fine ornaments.
It served as the Dominion Headquarters of the Boy Scouts Association in 1939. This urban "castle" was designated as a heritage property in 1980.
The building was acquired by the Government of Hungary in 1994, and it is now an attractive embassy that also serves as the official residence of the Hungarian ambassador. Inside the building, Hungarian sculptures, statues, and Herend china are exhibited.
வசந்தா வைத்தியநாதன்

வசந்தா வைத்தியநாதன் (1937 - மார்ச் 14, 2018) இலங்கையில் நன்கு அறியப்பட்ட சைவவித்தகர். இவர் வானொலியூடாகவும் பிரசங்கங்கள் செய்தவர். ஆலயத் திருவிழாக்களின் நேரடி வானொலி வர்ணனைகளிலும் பங்குபற்றியவர். ஈழத்துச் சிவாலயங்கள் நூலில் நூலாசிரியராகப் பணியாற்றியவர்.
வசந்தா வைத்தியநாதன் தமிழ்நாடு, மயிலாடுதுறையில் பிறந்தவர். யாழ்ப்பாணம், நீர்வேலியைச் சேர்ந்த எஸ். வைத்தியநாதசர்மா என்பவரைத் திருமணம் புரிந்தார்.
வசந்தா வைத்தியநாதன் 2018 மார்ச் 14 அன்று காலையில் தனது 80வது அகவையில் கொழும்பில் உள்ள மருத்துவமனை ஒன்றில் காலமானார்.
வண்ணதாசன்

வண்ணதாசன் என்ற புனைப்பெயரில் சிறுகதைகளும், கல்யாண்ஜி என்ற புனைப்பெயரில் கவிதைகளும் எழுதுபவரின் இயற்பெயர், சி.கல்யாணசுந்தரம் (S. Kalayanasundaram). இவர் தமிழ்நாடு, திருநெல்வேலியில் பிறந்தவர். இவரது தந்தை இலக்கியவாதி தி. க. சிவசங்கரன் ஆவார்.இவர் தந்தையும் சாகித்ய அகாதமி விருது பெற்றவர். நவீன தமிழ்ச் சிறுகதை உலகில் மிகுந்த கவனம் பெற்ற எழுத்தாளரான வண்ணதாசன், தீபம் இதழில் எழுதத் துவங்கியவர். 1962 ஆம் ஆண்டில் இருந்து இன்று வரை தொடர்ந்து சிறுகதைகள் எழுதி வருகிறார். இவரது 'ஒரு சிறு இசை' என்ற சிறுகதை நூலுக்காக இந்திய அரசின் 2016 ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான சாகித்திய அகாதமி விருது கிடைத்தது.
இவரது சிறுகதைகள் பல்கலைக்கழகங்களில் பாடமாக வைக்கப்பட்டிருக்கின்றன. இலக்கியச் சிந்தனை உள்ளிட்ட பல முக்கிய விருதுகளைப் பெற்றிருக்கிறார் வண்ணதாசன். 2016 விஷ்ணுபுரம் விருது இவருக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது..சூன் 10, 2018 இல் கனடா தமிழ் இலக்கியத் தோட்டம் எனும் அமைப்பு தமிழ் இலக்கியத்திற்கான வாழ்நாள் சாதனையாளர் விருதினை இவருக்கு வழங்கியது. தஞ்சைத் தமிழ்ப் பல்கைக்கழகம் மதிப்புறு முனைவர் பட்டத்தை வழங்கியுள்ளது.
அனுஜா ஐயர்

அனுஜா ஐயர் என்பவர் ஒரு இந்திய நடிகையாவார். இவர் தமிழ்த் திரைப்படத்துறையில் 2007ல் வெளிவந்த சிவி என்ற திகில் திரைப்படத்தின் மூலமாக அறிமுகமானார். பிறகு 2009ல் நினைத்தாலே இனிக்கும், உன்னைப்போல் ஒருவன் ஆகிய படங்களில் நடித்துப் புகழ் பெற்றார்.
அனுஜா ஐயரின் இயற்பெயர் சந்தியா என்பதாகும். இவர் தமிழ்நாடு சென்னையில் பிறந்தவர். சென்னை சாந்தோம், ரோசரி மெட்ரிக் பள்ளியில் பள்ளிப் படிப்பினை முடித்தார். டெல்லி சிறீராம் கல்லூரியில் இளங்கலை வணிகவியலைப் படித்தார்.