davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Electra (estrella)

Electra (17 Tauri / HD 23302 / HR 1142) es una estrella que forma parte del cúmulo de las Pléyades en la constelación de Tauro. Su magnitud aparente es +3,72 y se encuentra a unos 440 años luz de distancia. Es la tercera estrella más brillante de las Pléyades, después de Alcíone (25 Tauri) y Atlas (27 Tauri). Electra es el nombre de una de las siete hijas míticas de Atlas y Pléyone.
Electra es una estrella gigante blanco-azulada de tipo espectral B6IIIe. Irradia 1225 veces más energía que el Sol desde su caliente superficie a 14 000 K de temperatura. Con un radio 6 veces mayor que el radio solar, es una de las cuatro gigantes del cúmulo y, como tal, es una estrella que ha comenzado a expandirse tras agotar su hidrógeno interno.
Electra gira sobre sí misma con una velocidad de rotación de al menos 170 km/s —siendo éste un límite inferior—, completando un giro en menos de 1,75 días. Al igual que otras estrellas de las Pléyades, se halla rodeada por un disco ecuatorial de materia expulsada, lo que la convierte en una estrella Be. Su masa estimada es de 5 masas solares y su edad se cifra en unos 130 millones de años.
A partir de su espectro —posteriormente confirmado por ocultación lunar— se sabe que Electra es una estrella binaria cercana. Su compañera, probablemente una estrella blanca de la secuencia principal, orbita a 0,8 UA de la gigante azul con un período de 100,46 días.
El ámbar fue llamado en la Grecia antigua con el nombre de "electrón" en referencia a la estrella Electra, ya que la luz cálida que emite esta estrella recordaba al ámbar. Posteriormente el ámbar (en griego "electrón"), que posee propiedades de polaridad, dio nombre a la palabra electricidad.
Lámpara PH

Las lámparas PH son una serie de dispositivos de iluminación diseñados por el escritor y diseñador danés Poul Henningsen (1894–1967) a partir de 1924.​ Una de las propiedades principales de su diseño es su sistema de pantallas que difunden la luz evitando el deslumbramiento, ya que sólo emiten luz reflejada, ocultando la fuente de la luz.​
El prototipo de la primera lámpara PH fue fabricado por Poul Henningsen en 1924 después de casi diez años de experimentación. Como Henningsen había crecido en una ciudad danesa sin electricidad a principios del siglo XX, su objetivo era el de imitar la luz cálida y difusa de las lámparas de queroseno con una lámpara eléctrica. Según sus propias palabras:
La lámpara fue presentada en la exposición de Artes Decorativas de París en 1924​ y empezó a ser vendida en 1926. A partir de entonces, el fabricante Louis Poulsen lanzó un gran número de modelos de lámparas PH: lámparas de mesa, lámparas para mesilla de noche, lámparas de pie, lámparas murales, arañas, lámparas de lectura, lámparas para dentistas y cirujanos, etc, en diferentes combinaciones de colores y materiales.​ Varios de estos modelos todavía se siguen produciendo.
El modelo más popular es la lámpara colgante PH-5 de 1958 con cuatro pantallas externas, de las cuales la superior refleja la luz hacia arriba, y las demás la reflejan hacia abajo, con dos pantallas coloreadas en el interior. La proporción entre el diámetro de sus pantallas es de 4: 2: 1. La lámpara PH-5 fue concebida para colgar a poca distancia de una mesa, reflejando luz cálida gracias a su pantalla roja. Los modelos de PH-5 con pantallas interiores azules permiten iluminar los colores de manera más fidedigna.
Las lámparas de Poul Henningsen suelen tener una combinación de números que indican el tamaño de sus pantallas. Los modelos de lámpara con números dobles, como PH 4/4, fueron concebidos para colgar a gran altura. Las lámparas colgantes tienen diámetros de entre 16 y 60 centímetros de diámetro.
Se trata de uno de los 12 ejemplos de diseño recogidos en el Canon Cultural Danés.
La lámpara PH aparece de manera prominente en el cortometraje de 1964 PH lys (en danés, Luz PH), dirigido por Ole Roos.​
Escalera de caracol

La escalera de caracol o helicoidal es la que se construye en torno a un poste vertical (alma) que sirve de eje a la hélice que conforma la sucesión de peldaños.
El diseño de estas escaleras requiere encontrar una solución entre la alzada entre peldaños, la altura de los niveles a vincular y los ángulos de ingreso y egreso a la escalera lo que determina la cantidad de escalones y el ángulo de rotación unitario entre los mismos. Su eje central, cuando lo tiene, se denomina alma.​
Se pueden distinguir los siguientes tipos de escaleras:
Puerta de Damasco

La Puerta de Damasco (en hebreo: שער שכם, Sha'ar Shechem que significa Puerta de Siquem y en árabe: باب العامود, Bab-al-Amud, que significa Puerta de las Columnas) es una puerta en las murallas de la Ciudad Vieja de Jerusalén. Fue construida en 1542 por el Imperio otomano bajo el gobierno de Suleiman el Magnífico. A través de ella se puede acceder a los barrios Cristiano y Musulmán de la ciudad.
La puerta tiene dos torres cada una equipada con matacanes. Está localizada en la entrada del mercado árabe. En contraste con la Puerta de Jaffa, en la Puerta de Damasco, las escalinatas descienden hacia la puerta.
Bebida de grano

La bebida de grano o bebida de cereal es un alimento hecho de grano o harina fermentada. La bebida de grano puede hacerse a partir de avena, soja, espelta, arroz, centeno, escanda menor o quinoa.
La bebida de grano puede comercializarse con sabor natural, a vainilla, a chocolate, etcétera. También hay disponibles helados y postres hechos de bebida de grano.
La bebida de grano tiene un aspecto muy similar a la leche de vaca. Tiene un menor contenido en proteína y un mayor cantidad de hidratos de carbono que ésta. Suele estar enriquecida de calcio y algunas vitaminas (especialmente B12).
La bebida de cereal es baja en grasas saturadas y no contiene lactosa, por lo que es tolerada por las personas que padecen intolerancia a la lactosa.
Requesón de trapo

El Recuit de drap (requesón de trapo) es un tipo de queso fresco de pasta blanda escurrida.​ El de trapo es envuelto con un trapo de celulosa. Presenta un color blanco lechoso y brillante, de textura blanda y cremosa, sabor fresco, dulce y lechoso. Elaborado con leche pasteurizada. Se come como postre acompañado de miel o azúcar.​
El requesón se elaboraba con leche de oveja, cabra o una mezcla de las dos, se hervía dos veces y se dejaba enfriar, se echaba el cuajo vegetal, y se ponía en tarrinas pequeñas de cerámica de 100 a 200 gramos. Se dejaba reposar y ya se podía comer. Necesita temperaturas bajas para su conservación entre 2 y 4 grados.
Normalmente lo elaboran pequeñas empresas artesanas, donde los puntos de venta es el mismo punto donde se elabora, o en pequeñas tiendas de la zona.​
Es un producto tradicional de las comarcas ampurdanesas.
El requesón de trapo y el requesón son productos adheridos a la Marca de garantía Productes de l'Empordà. Los elaboradores adheridos a Productes de l'Empordà tienen que superar periódicamente los controles de un laboratorio alimentario que certifica la calidad en las diferentes fases del producto para recibir la certificación.
Es un sello alimentario que tiene por objetivo personalizar y reconocer los productos propios del Ampurdán y ayudar a promocionar su comercialización. Este distintivo certifica la calidad y el origen ampurdanés de los productos.​
Los comedores de requesón

Los comedores de requesón es un conocido cuadro de Vincenzo Campi realizado hacia 1580; una pintura al óleo conservada en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Lyon.
El cuadro fue donado al museo en 1875 por Jacques Bernard. Fue objeto de restauración en 1991.​
La obra presenta, sobre un fondo negro, a cuatro personajes – tres hombres y una mujer – en torno a una mesita sobre la cual hay un plato con un requesón (en italiano, ricotta) que comparten. Aparecen confinados en el cercano encuadre, las manos de tres de ellos encima de la mesa, llenando todo el espacio de la pequeña pintura. Los protagonistas ríen con ganas, los dientes visibles, y su pertenencia a las clases bajas es clara por sus ropas humildes, expresiones campechanas y actitud nada refinada. Cada uno de ellos tiene un gesto que traduce un momento específico de la consumición del alimento: el hombre de la izquierda, con una gorra roja sobre la cabeza y manteniendo una cuchara grande de madera llena en su mano izquierda, aparece con la boca llena; junto a él, un poco atrás, otro hombre se apresta a engullir el bocado mientras se agarra, con la mano derecha, al hombro de su compañero a la derecha; el tercer hombre, con perilla, adelanta su mano hacia el requesón para tomar un trozo; finalmente, la mujer, con un vestido verde muy escotado y un collar de cuentas rojas, y mirando al espectador, mantiene la cuchara en su mano derecha, aun sin servirse.​
Nombrado Buffonaria por el artista, el cuadro presenta cuatro personajes parecidos a los de la Comedia del arte; se puede reconocer a Demócrito y el propio pintor aparece bajo los rasgos de Pantalón, el hombre de la gorra roja y el cucharón. Observando con atención, se aprecia que el queso, ahuecado por los golpes de cuchara y con una mosca posada sobre él, parece una calavera. De este hecho, la obra aparentemente jocosa es interpretada a menudo como en realidad una vanitas en la cual el pintor tanto exalta como se burla de los placeres de la mesa.​
Cottage (queso)

El queso cottage (cottage cheese en inglés), es un queso producido con cuajada que tiene un sabor suave. Se escurre pero no se prensa, por lo que retiene algo de suero de leche y por tanto no queda compacto. La cuajada suele lavarse para quitarle la acidez y obtener un queso suave. No se cura ni tiñe. Algunos estilos de queso cottage se hacen de leches con diferente contenido graso y preparaciones de cuajada fina o gruesa. El requesón que se prensa pasa a ser queso fresco.
El requesón puede comerse solo, con fruta, con puré de fruta, sobre tostada, en ensaladas verdes, o usarse como ingrediente en recetas de lasaña, ensalada de gelatina y diversos postres.
Se cree que la expresión cottage cheese (‘queso de cabaña’) surgió de la costumbre de elaborar quesos sencillos en casas rurales a partir de cualquier leche sobrante tras preparar la mantequilla. El término fue usado por vez primera en 1848.
Se cree que el Requesón es lo más parecido al primer queso creado en su historia.
El grosor de la cuajada es el tamaño de los trozos del queso cottage. Los dos principales tipos del cottage son el ácido de cuajada fina sin cuajo, y el más popular, queso de cuajada gruesa, poco ácido y hecho con cuajo.
El cottage es bajo en grasa e hidratos de carbono y rico en proteína, sin embargo, la cantidad de ciertos nutrientes del cottage varía según el porcentaje de grasa que presenta. A continuación se muestra una tabla explicada:
Los fabricantes también producen variedades bajas en grasa y desnatadas. Una porción parecida de cottage desnatado tiene 80 calorías, 0 g de grasa, 6 g de hidratos de carbono y 14 g de proteína. Para compensar el sabor de la grasa retirada, las versiones bajas en grasa y desnatadas suelen incorporar más azúcar. También se producen variedades muy bajas en sodio, que pueden salarse antes de consumirse.
Es popular entre dietistas y algunos defensores de la alimentación sana. El cottage también es preferido por los culturistas por su alto contenido en caseína y relativamente baja proporción de grasa. Es seguro consumirlo durante el embarazo.​
Vio (drink)

Vio is a beverage produced by The Coca-Cola Company consisting of milk with flavored carbonated water. The flavors are Citrus Burst, Peach Mango, Very Berry, and Tropical Colada.
The drink was tested on the American market in 2009 but failed to find broad appeal although as of 2010 it was still produced in limited quantities. In 2016, Coca-Cola India launched a non-carbonated flavored milk product also named Vio. The Coca-Cola Company sells a similar product in Japan called Qoo.
Time magazine included Vio in its 50 Worst Inventions list published in 2010 and in its Top 10 Bad Beverage Ideas list.
In 2020, The Coca-Cola Company has launched regional beverage Spiced Buttermilk under its VIO brand in India.
The Staircase (1998 film)

The Staircase is a 1998 American television film about the story of the spiral staircase, believed by some to be miraculously built, at the Loretto Chapel in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It stars Barbara Hershey as Mother Madalyn in charge of the chapel and William Petersen as Joad, the traveling carpenter with spiritual talent as well as woodworking skill. It is based on the novel, The Staircase by Ann Rinaldi.
The sisters of the legendary Loretto Chapel in Santa Fe are nearing completion of a chapel, but the architect, contractor and laborers have all omitted stairs to the choir loft. This becomes a source of disagreement and contention between all parties until one day a mysterious drifter, Joad, arrives in town and is hired by the Reverend Mother Madalyn to design and build the staircase.
Variety said, "A heavily fictionalized recounting of a real-life event that still defies explanation, “The Staircase” is a fascinating anecdote stretched to fit what are evidently thought to be modern tastes."
Requeijão

Requeijão is a milk-derived product, produced in Portugal and Brazil. It is a loose, ricotta-like cheese used to make cheese spreads. It can be a good substitute to mild, unsalty ricotta. This variety is sometimes sold in the markets wrapped in fresh corn husks. In El Salvador, cheeses such as requesón can sometimes be transported wrapped in banana leaves instead.
The Portuguese product is white to yellowish-white, solid, and usually having a characteristic strong taste; typically sold in specially designed draining plastic or basket-like weaved containers, or in plastic cups.
The requeijão made in the Serra da Estrela region of Portugal, Requeijão da Serra da Estrela is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO/DOP) since 2005 in the EU and the UK.
The Brazilian product is a type of cream cheese white in color (but not similar to the American notion of cream cheese, and may be better understood as "cheese cream"). It has a mild taste and its consistency can vary from creamy solid, like the Catupiry, to liquid. Traditionally associated with the state of Minas Gerais, the mineiro presence in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo from the start of the 20th century on popularized it and nowadays it is produced all over the country. Its most common variant is requeijão cremoso, with a consistency similar to that of condensed milk; usually sold in glass or plastic cups.
Romeu e Julieta is a dessert that combines white cheese and guava paste. It usually calls for queijo minas, requeijão or ricotta, with requeijão generally being the one used in Brazilian-adapted pizzas, crêpes, waffles, pancake rolls and spring rolls.
Skim milk is held until lactic acid bacteria acidify and coagulate its proteins. The curdled milk is stirred and heated to a temperature as high as 80 °C (175 °F), then the whey is drained off and the curd is gathered in bags and pressed. The curd is placed in flat pans, broken up, and washed with warm skim milk, to form a mixture consisting of two parts milk to one part curd. This mixture is stirred and heated, as before, until the casein in the milk curdles and adheres to the mass of curd. The steps of draining, pressing, adding more skim milk, and heating are repeated once more. The curd is drained again, salted (2 to 2.5% by weight) and kneaded on a table for about 15 minutes. Hot milkfat or dairy cream is added, about one part of butterfat for every five parts of curd, and the mixture is once again heated and stirred. The cheese is then molded in parchment-lined boxes.
About 11 kg of cheese is obtained from 100 kg of skim milk and 3.4 kg of cream. Composition varies, but a typical cheese can contain 55–70% water, 8–20% fat, and 16–20.5% protein.
Text in this article was incorporated from the following public domain U.S. Government publication:
Poster paint

Poster paint (also known as tempera paint in the US, poster color in Asia) is a distemper paint that usually uses starch, cornstarch, cellulose, gum-water or another glue size as its binder. It either comes in large bottles or jars or in a powdered form. It is normally a cheap paint used in school art classes.
Asian poster paints are similar to gouache, albeit has a thinner viscosity, uses gum arabic and/or dextrin as a binder, and use inexpensive and less lightfast pigments more coarsely ground, with added brighteners to make the paints affordable. Poster colors are used in art classes, in animation production, and in scanning and printing. Notable brands that produce poster colors include Kokuyo Camlin, Monami, Pentel, Sakura, and Nicker.
List of coastal islands of the Californias

The Californias region, which comprises California and the Baja California Peninsula, includes many coastal islands in the Pacific Ocean. California is in the United States; and the Baja California Peninsula includes the Mexican states of Baja California Sur and Baja California. Although the waters and islands are in two countries, many of the ecoregion, habitat, conservation, and ecological issues are shared.
The Channel Islands of California, United States:
The Pacific Coast islands of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico:
Islands of the Gulf of California:
Enezenn

Un enez pe un enezenn zo un douar gronnet gant dour, gant ar mor peurvuiañ, enezennoù zo ivez er stêrioù hag el lennoù. Bihanoc'h eget ur c'hevandir ha brasoc'h eget ur garreg eo.
Kavet e vez meur a seurt inizi hervez o stumm, o ment, o saviad hag o orin : inizi bras hag iniziigoù, atolloù, inizi kevandirel hag inizi tanveneziek. Inizi kalvezel zo ivez. Alies e vez an enezenn a-dal d'an douar-bras, met inizi zo zo e-kreiz ar mor pe ar meurvor. 300 000 enez a vije war an Douar.
Ent-strizh, inizi eo al liester hollek, enezennoù an hini resis. Enezeier a zo un adliester da inizi . Da skouer, inizi zo er Meurvor Atlantel, m'emañ an enezennoù Ascension ha Santez Helena.
Meur a enezenn zo en un enezeg ; enezegi, enezegoù eo al liester. Da skouer, Japan zo un enezeg vras : 6 852 enezenn zo eno.
Pa vez bras-divent an enezenn e vez graet enez kevandirel anezhi. Div enez kevandirel a zo war ar blanedenn Douar: Aostralia ha Greunland. Sellet e vez Aostralia evel ur c'hevandir en hec'h-unan zoken, ar pezh n'eo ket gwir evit enezennoù bras all a zo ul lodenn eus ur blakenn litosferek roget gant driv ar c'hevandirioù : Madagaskar hag Afrika, Ginea Nevez hag Okeania, Borneo hag Azia, Korsika ha Sardigna hag Europa, etc.
Enez Manitoulin eo brasañ enezenn dour dous ar bed, war lenn Huron, e proviñs Ontario e Kanada. Skouerioù all :
An inizi tanveneziek pe volkanek a zo graet gant lava ur menez-tan pe meur a hini. Ar mor tro-dro dezho a c'hall bezañ don-tre, miliadoù a vetroù. An inizi tanveneziek e-kreiz ar meurvor n'int ket stag ouzh kevandir ebet. Enez ar Skorn, an Inizi Kanariez hag Hawaii zo skouerioù inizi tanveneziek.
Inizi zo a c'hall bezañ stag ouzh an douar-bras pe un enezenn all pa eo izelvor, ha/pe gant ur pont, ur chaoser pe ur riboul, evel Menez-Mikael-ar-Mor ha Nervouster. Met ma eo gant ur strizh-douar, un tombolo pe dre izostaziezh ne c'haller ket komz eus un enezenn ken, ur c'hourenez ne lavarer ket.
E Japan, en Izelvroioù hag en Emirelezhioù Arab Unanet. Da skouer emañ aerborzh etrebroadel Kansai war un enezenn galvezel, e Bae Osaka, a-vaez da enez Honshū (enezenn vrasañ Japan).
E mojennoù kozh ar Gelted eo Enez Avalon paradoz an dud. War un enezenn emañ paradoz Doueed ar C'hresianed kozh ivez.
Kaoz zo eus un enezenn e romantoù brudet evel "Enez an Teñzor" gant Robert Louis Stevenson, "An Enezenn gevrinus" gant Jules Verne ha "Robinson Crusoe" gant Daniel Defoe, istor un den en e-unan war un enezenn. Enez ar Rod zo ur romant brezhonek skiant-faltazi gant Zavier Langleiz.
Er sinema e c'haller mennegiñ "Cast Away" gant Robert Zemeckis (aktour : Tom Hanks) hag er stiradoù skinwel "Lost", tud kouezhet o c'harr-nij war un enezenn iskis ha galen.
Maner Kergal (Brandevi)

Maner Kergall zo ur maner eus penn kentañ ar XVI kantved, e Brandevi, er Mor-Bihan, e rannvro Breizh.
Emañ ar maner e-tal koadig Kergall, war-dro 2 km diouzh bourc'h Brandevi.
(fr) Le manoir de Kergal
Maner Kerampuilh

Maner Kerampuilh zo ur maner e kumun Karaez-Plougêr, e kreiz Breizh.
Ar maner a weler bremañ a oa bet savet e 1760 gant Charles Robert de Saisy, kont Kerampuilh ha kuzulier e Breujoù Breizh. E-touez izili ar familh Kerampuilh eo anavezet Alan a Gerampuilh, floc’h gant Beltram Gwesklin, ha Jil a Gerampuilh, beleg ha skrivagner brezhonek. Ur c’hastell koshoc’h a oa ganto, nepell, er mervent d’ar savadur a zo bremañ. Er familh e chomas ar maner betek an Dispac'h gall, pa voe gwerzhet evel ur bern "madoù broadel" all. Rentet e voe d’ar familh goude, da vare ar Restaorasion. Gwerzhet e voe ganto da gumun Karaez e 1938, ha dont a reas ar savadur da vezañ un ospital evit ar re gozh.
Er savadur ez eus ur c’horf-ti ha div gazel. Pa yeas d’un ti ar re gozh e voe treuzfurmet penn-da-benn an diabarzh. Enskrivet e voe an diavaez (toenn ha fasadenn) war renabl ar Monumantoù Istorel e 1965.
Abaoe 1997 e vez roet bod da lise kentañ Diwan e domani Kerampuilh. Adprenet e voe ar maner gant Rannvro Breizh e 2010. Ennañ e voe staliet e 2021 burevioù evit servijoù ar rannvro ha sez Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg.
Kêr-benn

Kêr-benn (liester : kêrioù-penn) a reer eus ur gêr m'emañ sez ur galloud politikel pe armerzhel hag a ren war ur Stad pe ur bastell-vro.
Kavet e vez ar furm kêrbenn (liester : kêrbennoù) alies a-walc'h, e Geriadur Hemon-Huon da skouer, met ar furm kêr-benn eo an hini a gaver e geriadur An Here hag el levrioù-deskiñ. Pa vez ur roll dibar gant ur gêr war dachenn pe dachenn e vez graet kêr-benn eus ar gêr-mañ ivez ; da skouer : An Oriant eo kêr-benn ar peskerezh e Breizh.
Maner Kergroadez

Maner Kergroadez zo ur maner eus ar XVII kantved, e kornôg Bro-Leon, etre Brelez ha Lanriware. Savet e voe etre 1602 ha 1613, evit Frañsez III, aotrou Kergroadez, a oa diskennad d’ur familh nobl kozh eus Bro-Leon hag unan eus floc'hed ar roue Herri IV.
Ur pezh savadur karrezek eo maner Kergroadez, gant tourioù e pep korn. Er voger-dal e kaver div zor, an eil evit an dud war droad hag eben evit ar re war varc’h, a ro digor war ur porzh diabarzh, tre evel e maner Keryann. A-us ar porched e lenner un enskrivadur latin tennet eus ar Bibl : "Si non in timore di tenveriste instanter cito subvertatur domus tua" (« Mar ne chomez ket bepred e doujañs an aotrou e vo distrujet da di »). A-gleiz d’ar porzh emañ ar marchosi hag a-zehou pourpezioù all. War tal a-raok an ti-annez ez eus meur a brenestr, enno kroazioù maen. A-zehou d’ar maner ivez emañ ar chapel.
Kar e oa familh Kergroadez da familhoù all eus Bro-Leon evel familh Kerouarz. Er XVII kantved e tremenas maner Kergroadez etre daouarn familh Kerouarz, just a-walc’h, ha goude-se d’ar familh Houchin. Gwerzhet e voe gant hêred ar familh-se, e 1860, da noter Lokournan ha war-lerc’h en em gavas e dalc’h ar familh paramantourien Chevillotte. Gant ar re-se e voe graet labourioù adkempenn e deroù an XX kantved. E 1995 e voe lakaet ar maner, ez ofisiel, da Vonumant Istorel. E 2000 e voe prenet gant ur perc’henn nevez a gendalc’h da gempenn ar savadur hag a zigor anezhañ d’ar weladennerien.
Taden

Taden a zo ur gumun eus Breizh e kanton Dinan-Kornôg e departamant Aodoù-an-Arvor.
En glazur e wifrell en aour, heuliet ouzh kab gant ur pav dehoù en argant leinet gant ur steredenn en aour; hag ouzh beg gant un alarc'h en argant mordoant - ouzh dehoù ː familh Marot - ouzh kleiz ː elerc'h stank Taden - ar wifrell ː an hent bras a-dreuz ar gumun.
Niver a annezidi
Poblad Jōmon

Poblad Jōmon (japaneg : 縄文人 Jōmon jin) a reer eus an dud a vevas en Enezeg Japan er Marevezh Jōmon (c. 14 000 – 300 KAB) kent donedigezh ar boblad Yayoi. Meur a boblad a oa e gwirionez, deuet eus mervent Sina dre Enezeg Okinawa, eus kornôg Sina dre al Ledenez Korean, eus reter Rusia dre Enez Sac'halin hag eus Ledenez Kamtchatka dre an Inizi Kouril. Er bloaz 2019, ur skipailh renet gant an denoniour Kanzawa-Kiriyama Hideaki a ziskwelas ez eus etre 9 ha 13% a c'henennoù jōmon e Japaniz a-vremañ, betek 27% en Inizi Ryūkyū, ar peurrest eus o genom o tont eus ar boblad Yayoi.
Tost da hini pobladoù Kaokaz eo korfadurezh tud ar boblad Jōmon, met disrannet eo o genom diouzh hini Europiz a-vremañ. E meur a lec'h en Enezeg Japan e voe kavet eskern jōmon ; ar skiantourion a gavas nebeud a ziforc'h etrezo.
Dre studiañ dent ez eus bet kavet perzhioù boutin etre ar boblad Jōmon hag an Ainoued : disheñvel eo o framm diouzh hini Japaniz all, ha tostoc'h da hini ar pobladoù a-orin eus Azia ar Mervent.
Studiañ ar c'hlopennoù a ziskouezas ez eo tostoc'h ar boblad Jōmon hag an Ainoued da Europiz eget da dud all Azia ar Reter ; neuze e soñjer e tiskenne ar boblad Jōmon eus tud a annezas Eurazia hag Amerika er Pleistoken Uhel (c. 129 000 – c. 11 700 KAB).
Den ne oar petore yezh — pe yezhoù — a veze komzet gant ar boblad Jōmon. An darn vuiañ eus ar yezhoniourion e soñj dezho e komzent ur yezh kar d'an ainoueg, met ur yezh toungousek a veze komzet moarvat gant peder foblad da nebeutañ e kreiz hag e kornôg Japan d'ar mare-se, hag ur yezh aostronezian a veze komzet hep mar gant teir foblad da vihanañ e Kyūshū hag Enezeg Okinawa ; ne ouzer ket ha yezhoù all a veze komzet gant pobladoù all e Japan er Marevezh Jōmon.
Eus yezh ar boblad Okhotsk (Krai Khabarovsk e Siberia hiziv) e teu an ainoueg hervez ur studi, n'eo ket an Ainoued hendadoù ar boblad Jōmon war a hañval.
Hemolc'herion-kutuilherion dreist-holl e oa an dud, met pesked ha frouezh-mor a zebrent ivez ; aspadennoù eus ur gounezerezh zo bet kavet. Tiez-foz (竪穴式住居 Tateanashiki jūkyo) e oa o annezioù : kleuzet e veze an douar, hag a-us ar gleuzenn e veze savet ur framm brankoù e doenn soulet.
Eus he doare da fardañ podoù e teu anv ar boblad : kement ha "merkoù kerdin kanab" e talv jōmon : gwasket e veze kerdin ouzh ar pri gleb evit e ginklañ. Moarvat ez eo unan eus koshañ doareoù poderezh er bed. Ouzhpenn podoù a rae gant pri : delwennoù (土偶 dogū), maskloù, bravigoù, bizhier ha klezeier. Lakennet e veze lod eus an traezoù a farde.
Bigi a veze fardet, diwar kefoù wez evit pesketa ha beajiñ ; den ne oar ha gouelioù pe roeñvoù a implijent.
Kar d'ar shintoegezh e oa o relijion hep mar.
Somme (stêr)

Ar stêr Somme zo ur stêr e Pikardi, e hanternoz Bro-C'hall, 245 km hed dezhi, hag en em daol e Mor Breizh. Dont a ra hec'h anv eus ur ger keltiek Samma a dalveze kement ha sioul hag a vez adkavet e meur a anv-lec'h er broioù gallek.
Roet he deus hec'h anv d'an departamant gall Somme e 1790.
Nièvre (adstêr d'al Liger)

An Nièvre zo ur stêr e-kreiz Bro-C'hall, adstêr d'al Liger e Nevers, war he lez dehou. 53 km hed zo dezhi.
Hec'h anv he deus roet d'an departamant treuzet ganti, an Nièvre.
Charente (stêr)

Ar Charente zo ur stêr hag a red e kornôg Bro-C'hall betek ar Mor Atlantel. 360 km hed zo dezhi. Emañ hec'h eienenn e-kichen Rochechouart e departamant an Haute-Vienne hag en em deurel a ra er mor e-kichen Rochefort.
Roet he deus hec'h anv da zaou zepartamant gall, ar Charente hag ar Charente-Maritime.
Gwener (doueez)

*Diwar-benn an doueez roman eo ar pennad-mañ. Diwar-benn an doueez hellazat sellout ouzh Afrodite.
Gwener a oa doueez ar gened hag ar garantez e relijion ar Romaned kozh. Tennañ a ra da Afrodite an Hellened ha da d-Turan an Etrusked.
He far a gaver e relijionoù all :
Da gentañ e oa un doueez italek dister a-walc'h, a ziwalle al liorzhoù, strujusaat ar bleunioù ha dareviñ ar plant. N'eo nemet adalek an IIvet kantved kent JK e voe kemmesket gant Afrodite Hellaz, hag e voe roet dezhi perzhioù an doueez hellazat. Neuze eo e voe brud dezhi e Roma.
Er Iañ kantved, pa lavare Julius Caesar e tiskenne e diegezh, ar "gens Julia", eus Eneas, mab da Anchise ha da Wener, e voe reoliet gantañ lidoù-azeuliñ e "c'hourvamm". Neuze eo e voe gouestlet miz Ebrel d'an doueez, abalamour ma oa koulz dihun an natur, hag ivez, a-hervez, hini ar garantez.
Gant ar Romaned e oa anavezet dindan an anv Venus ha dont a ra an anv Gwener eus tro-c'henel latin Venus, a zo Veneris. Kevatal e oa Venus, pe Gwener, da Afrodite ar C’hresianed kozh.
Merc’h e oa da Yaou ha da Zione. Dimezet e oa da Vulcanus.
E-touez he bugale:
Karet he deus doueed ha tud kenkoulz all.
Rediet e voe gant he zad Yaou da zimeziñ gant Vulkan, an doue tort ha divalav.
Gwelout:
Gwener anadiomene, murlivadur e Pompei, gant Apelles (a greder), kollet abaoe. Tapet e oa bet ar skeudenn a-raok an distruj.
Karpo (loarenn)

Karpo (gresianeg Καρπώ) pe Yaou XLVI a zo ul loarenn eus Yaou. Gant ur strollad a steredonourien eus Skol Veur Hawaï e voe dizoloet e 2003. Anvet e oa S/2003 J 20 betek ma oe roet hec'h anv ofisiel dezhi e 2005. Al loarenn diwezhañ gant ur c'helc'htro progradek eo.
Tennañ a ra hec'h anv eus Karpo, unan eus merc'hed Zeus.
Evel Themisto eo an izel nemeti he strollad, ar pezh he laka da zedenus tre. Termenet eo stouadur kelc'htro ul loarenn evel-se gant an efed kozai. Degas a ra un eskemm mareadek etre stouadur hag Ezkreizennegezh he c'helc'htro. Ma'z eo bras a-walc'h ar stouadur e c'hell an Ezkreizennegezh mnt da gen vras e tremeno al loarenn tost ouzh unan eus loarennoù galilean. Gwirheñvel e vo distrujet en ur stokad neuze pe kaset kuit eus koskoriad Yaou.
Breakwater Island

Breakwater Island (64°47′S 63°13′W﻿ / ﻿64.783°S 63.217°W﻿ / -64.783; -63.217) is a small island in the Palmer Archipelago with a line of rocks extending in a southwest arc from it, lying opposite Nipple Peak, 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) off the east side of Wiencke Island. The descriptive name, suggestive of an artificial breakwater, was given by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1944.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Breakwater Island". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority

The Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA), formerly the Philippine Tourism Authority (Filipino: Pangasiwaang Pilipino sa Turismo), is an agency of the Philippine national government under the Department of Tourism responsible for implementing policies and programs of the department pertaining to the development, promotion, and supervision of tourism projects in the Philippines.
Republic Act No. 9593 or "The Tourism Act of 2009" declares a national policy for tourism as an engine of investment, employment, growth and national development, and strengthening the Department of Tourism and its attached agencies to effectively and efficiently implement that policy, and appropriating fund thereof.
The Act supports the establishment of Tourism Enterprise Zones (TEZs) established to be the centers of tourism development in the country. TIEZA is mandated to designate, regulate and supervise the TEZs established under this Act, as well as develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure projects in the country.
The TIEZA is governed a board of directors (TIEZA Board) composed of Tourism Department Secretary, the TIEZA Chief Operating Officer, the Tourism Promotion Board Chief Operating Officer, the Department of Public Work and Highways Secretary, the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Secretary, the Department of Internal and Local Government Secretary, and five (5) representative directors that will be recommended by the Tourism Congress.
As the infrastructure arm of DOT, TIEZA has been managing and operating several establishments. Among those operational are:
TIEZA derives 50% of the share of travel taxes collected in the Philippines. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the agency experienced reduced collection when compared to the pre-pandemic year of 2019.
Buoy

A buoy (/ˈbɔɪ, buː.i/; boy, BOO-ee) is a floating device that can have many purposes. It can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents.
The ultimate origin of buoys is unknown, but by 1295 a seaman's manual referred to navigation buoys in the Guadalquivir River in Spain. To the north there are early medieval mentions of the French / Belgian River Maas being buoyed. Such early buoys were probably just timber beams or rafts, but in 1358 there is a record of a barrel buoy in the Dutch Maasmond (also known as the Maas Sluis or Maasgat). The simple barrel was difficult to secure to the seabed, and so a conical tonne was developed. They had a solid plug at the narrow end through which a mooring ring could be attached. By 1790 the older conical tonne was being replaced by a nun buoy. This had the same conical section below the waterline as the tonne buoy, but at the waterline a barrel shape was used to allow a truncated cone to be above the water. The whole was completed with a top mark. In the nineteenth century iron buoys became available. They had watertight internal bulkheads and as well as topmarks and might have bells (1860) or whistles (1880). In 1879 Julius Pintsch obtained a patent for the illumination of buoys by using a compressed gas. This was superseded from 1912 onwards by Gustaf Dalén's acetylene lamp. This could be set to flash which ensured that buoys could be distinguished from ships' lights and from each other. A later development was the sun valve which shut off the gas during sunlight.
Buoys are often used to temporarily or permanently mark the positions of underwater objects:
Several types of marker buoys may be used by divers:
Emergency wreck buoy

An Emergency wreck buoy is used to warn of a new wreck which has not yet been listed in maritime documents. The buoy is expected to be deployed for the first 24-72 hours after the wreck occurs. After that time more permanent buoyage (such as isolated danger marks or cardinal marks) should be deployed and charts updated.
The buoy is designed to "provide a clear and unambiguous" mark of a new and uncharted danger. The buoy is painted with 4, 6 or 8 vertical stripes of alternate yellow and blue. In addition it may have the word "WRECK" painted on it. Optionally it may carry a vertical (St. George's) cross painted yellow. The light flashes alternate yellow and blue for one second each with a half second gap between. No other navigation mark uses blue.
The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) defined the buoy in response to the sinking of the MV Tricolor and the subsequent collisions with the wreck by the Dutch vessel Nicola and Turkish-registered fuel carrier Vicky.
Rescue buoy (Luftwaffe)

The Luftwaffe's rescue buoy (Rettungsboje) was designed to provide shelter for the pilots or crew of aircraft shot down or forced to make an emergency landing over water.
The buoys were developed for flyers of the Luftwaffe brought down while operating over the English Channel during the Battle of Britain, and were constructed under the direction of the German Ministry of Air Navigation in 1940 at the suggestion of Generaloberst Ernst Udet, Director-General of Equipment for the Luftwaffe. Because of this, an alternate name for them was the Udet-Boje.
The initial buoys were a simple design, 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high, and 1 m × 5 m (3 ft 3 in × 16 ft 5 in) in size, offering little in the form of shelter. A flag pole allowed a flag or lamp to be hoisted, supplies included a basic medical kit, iron rations, water, life jackets and ropes.
An improved buoy was designed and 50 were anchored in the English Channel during 1940. A German buoy is being restored in The Netherlands
Being in fixed locations, they could be checked once or twice a day: if occupied, a seaplane or Flugsicherungboot (high speed launch) could be summoned.
They saved many airmen that ships or seaplanes might have been too late to rescue.
A British equivalent, the Air-Sea Rescue Float, was also developed and deployed. They used a boat-shaped hull of welded steel. Sixteen were constructed, and they were deployed under the main routes bombers took to and from continental Europe. They were equipped with cooking facilities, signal flags, a radio and six bunks. Food, blankets, clothing, drinking water and first-aid supplies were carried.
One example, ASR-10, is in the collection of the Scottish Maritime Museum. Its post-war career is unknown, but for many years it lay derelict on a slipway at Gourock, Scotland, before it was acquired by the museum.
A rescue buoy was incorporated into the harbour boom at Braye Harbour in German-occupied Alderney, reputedly manned by three men armed with a machine gun.
Rettungsbojen have appeared in films from the World War II period: One of Our Aircraft Is Missing (1942) and We Dive at Dawn (1943).
Lateral mark

A lateral buoy, lateral post or lateral mark, as defined by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate the edge of a channel.
Each mark indicates the edge of the safe water channel in terms of port (left-hand) or starboard (right-hand). These directions are relative to the direction of buoyage; this is usually a nominally upstream direction. In a river, the direction of buoyage is towards the river's source; in a harbour, the direction of buoyage is into the harbour from the sea. Where there may be doubt, it will be labelled on the appropriate chart. Often the cardinal mark system is used instead when confusion about the direction would be common.
A vessel heading in the direction of buoyage (e.g. into a harbour) and wishing to keep in the main channel should:
Marks are distinguished by their shape and colour, being red or green.
For historical reasons, two different schemes are in use worldwide, differing in their use of colour. Previously there had been 30 different buoyage systems, before IALA rationalised the system. In 1980 on a conference convened by IALA, they agreed to adopt the rules of a new combined system, which combined the previous two systems (A and B) into one system, with two regions (A and B).
The IALA defines them as Region A and Region B:
The shape is an important feature, as colours cannot be distinguished in some light conditions, or by persons with red-green colour blindness. Marks may also carry unique markings of letters and numbers; these may be used to identify the mark as one indicated on a nautical chart. Likewise, a mark's light may flash in a distinctive sequence for the same purpose.
When a channel divides, as for instance a channel to a smaller harbour off a main river, then a preferred channel or bifurcation mark is used. The mark has the same shape and main colour as a port- or starboard- hand mark for the main channel. It bears in addition a horizontal band with the appropriate colour for the smaller channel. For example: region A, main channel straight on, creek leading to marina to port. The buoy where the channels divide would be a red cylindrical can or pillar with a cylindrical top mark. Around the middle would be a green band. In IALA region B the shape would be identical, but the main colour would be green with a red band. See the buoy by the island in the diagram above.
In Region A only, the phrase "Is there any red port left?" (referring to the red colour of the fortified wine "port") may be used as a mnemonic, indicating that a red mark must be kept on the left when "returning" to (i.e., entering) a harbour or river.
In Region B only, the phrase "red right returning" may be used as a mnemonic, indicating that a red mark must be kept on the right when returning to (i.e., entering) a harbour or river.
Agglomeration communities in France

An agglomeration community (French: communauté d'agglomération, pronounced [kɔmynote daɡlɔmeʁasjɔ̃]) is a consortium of communes (municipalities) in France, created as a government structure by the Chevènement Law of 1999. It is one of four forms of intercommunality, less integrated than a métropole or a communauté urbaine but more integrated than a communauté de communes. Agglomeration communities consist of a commune of at least 15,000 inhabitants (or a prefecture with less than 15,000 inhabitants) and its independent suburbs.
As of March 2020, there are 222 agglomeration communities in France (207 in metropolitan France and 15 in the overseas departments). The population (as of 2017) of the agglomeration communities ranges from 355,650 inhabitants (CA Grand Paris Sud Seine-Essonne-Sénart) to 29,289 inhabitants (CA Grand Verdun).
Several former communautés d'agglomération have been converted into communautés urbaines or métropoles, for instance those of Strasbourg, Rouen, Saint-Étienne and Caen.
The table below lists the communautés d'agglomération with more than 200,000 inhabitants (as of 2021).
The state advances as the private sector retreats

Guó jìn mín tuì (国进民退) is an alleged phenomenon in the Chinese economy, meaning "the state advances as the private sector retreats". It is frequently mentioned in the Chinese economic growth cycle that started in 2002.
Despite being less profitable - the average return on equity is 4% - state-owned enterprises have easier access to funding than purely private enterprises. The government has encouraged state-owned enterprises to consolidate, favoured them in regulation, and awarded them contracts and subsidies; this crowds out other competitors, both domestic and foreign, undermining the economy.
This contrasts with an earlier phase of economic liberalisation in China, where the private sector was seen as flourishing and generating growth; in the late 1990s, Zhu Rongji weeded out some of the weaker state-owned enterprises.
However, in some contexts, "guo jin min tui" has been contrasted with "guo jin min ye jin", meaning "the state and the market develop together".
In 2008–2012, the government's stimulus package, a response to the global financial crisis, pushed up inflation and increased liquidity; this exacerbated the problem of guo jin min tui. As part of the stimulus, the government continued to prop up individual SOEs whilst letting private enterprises fall by the wayside. There have been calls for this system to be reformed, increasing competition and hence productivity.
They Gave Him a Gun

They Gave Him a Gun is a 1937 American crime drama film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and starring Spencer Tracy, Gladys George and Franchot Tone. The picture bears a resemblance to later films noir, with its dark theme regarding the struggles and failures of a man trying to take a criminal shortcut to the American dream. The screenplay was written by Cyril Hume, Richard Maibaum and Maurice Rapf, based on the 1936 book of the same name by William J. Cowen. On March 20, 1937, director W.S. Van Dyke "announced Henry Mahan was cast in 'They Gave Him A Gun', joining Sam Levene and Teddy Hart, the three swell comedians in the film version of Three Men on a Horse", but none of these actors appear in the final cut.
A young man named Jimmy unexpectedly becomes a World War I hero by killing all the Germans in a machine gun nest. But he is severely wounded, and spends time in a hospital being cared for by a nurse, Rose, with whom he falls in love. But she is really in love with Jimmy's buddy, Fred, a carnival barker. However, when Fred does not return from the battlefield, the two think he has been killed (he was merely captured), so they make wedding plans. When Fred returns, he decides to support Jimmy and Rose marrying, although it breaks his heart. After the war, Fred meets with Jimmy, and discovers that Jimmy is a racketeer who uses his battle skills to commit murder. So he tells Rose, who had no idea. She reports her husband to the police, so that he will go to prison and be reformed. But Jimmy breaks out of prison, and tries to take Rose on the lam with him. Fred intervenes. Jimmy, feeling undeserving, dies by suicide by police.
According to MGM records, the film earned $718,000 in the US and Canada, and $595,000 elsewhere, resulting in a profit of $253,000.
कुर्ती टॉप

कुर्ती टॉप हा भारतीय उपखंडात परिधान करण्याचा पोशाख आहे. हा पोशाख शरीराच्या वरचा भागात घालतात. ज्यामध्ये कमरकोट, जॅकेट आणि ब्लाउज समाविष्ट आहेत.
आधुनिक वापरात, लहान कुर्त्याला कुर्ती म्हणून संबोधले जाते. हा स्त्रियांचा पोशाख आहे. तथापि, पारंपारिकपणे, कुर्ती या शब्दाचा अर्थ कंबरेचे कोट, जॅकेट आणि ब्लाउज जे कंबरेच्या वर बाजूच्या स्लिट्सशिवाय बसतात, आणि शुंगा कालखंडातील अंगरखा (इ.पू. दुसरे शतक) पासून आलेले मानले जातात. कुर्तीला चोलीपासून वेगळे केले जाते जे नंतरचे मिड्रिफ उघडते.
हा भारतीयांचा खासकरून उत्तरेकडील प्रदेशांचा एक विशिष्ट ड्रेसिंग पॅटर्न आहे.
या कपड्यांच्या शैलीचा ट्रेंड आणि मूळ उत्तर भारतातील आहे. आजही देशाच्या इतर भागांमध्ये आधुनिक कुर्ती परिधान केली जाते परंतु ती मुख्यतः उत्तरेकडील स्त्रिया परिधान करतात. दक्षिणेकडील स्त्रिया साडी पसंत करतात.
कुर्तीच्या अनेक शैली आहेत ज्यात खालील गोष्टींचा समावेश आहे:
पंजाब प्रदेशात, कुर्ती हा एक लहान सुती कंबर कोट असतो. ज्याला कंबरेच्या पुढील भागापर्यंत बटण दिले जाते. पूर्वी स्त्रिया बटनाभोवती सोन्याची किंवा चांदीची जंजिरी नावाची साखळी घालत. पंजाब प्रदेशात पुरुष कुर्त्यावर जंजिरी घालत.
पंजाबी कुर्तीची आणखी एक शैली म्हणजे अंगाची छोटी आवृत्ती. कुर्ती अर्ध्या किंवा पूर्ण बाहीची आणि नितंबाची लांबीची देखील असू शकते. ज्यामध्ये पुढचा किंवा मागचा भाग नसतो. पुरुषांच्या कुर्तीला पंजाबीमध्ये फातुई किंवा वास्तकोट म्हणतात. दक्षिण पंजाब, पाकिस्तानमधील कुर्तीला सरायकी कुर्ती असे संबोधले जाते.
ग्राहकांच्या इच्छेनुसार कुर्तीची लांबी ठरवता येते.
बिहारमध्ये, कुर्ती हा शब्द चोळीसाठी वापरला जातो. जी चोली आणि जॅकेटचे संयोजन आहे.
उत्तर प्रदेश आणि लगतच्या हिमालय प्रदेशातील कुर्ती हा एक छोटा ब्लाउज आहे.
गुजरात आणि काठियावाडमध्ये कुर्तीचा प्रकार कमरेच्या अगदी खाली येतो.
राजस्थानमधील पुरुषांचा कर्ट हा पूर्ण बाही असलेला, घट्ट बसणारा, बटणविरहित बनियान सारखी असते.
नऊवारी साडी

काष्टा साडी किंवा नऊवारी साडी ही साडी नेसण्याची एक शैली आहे. महाराष्ट्रीय धोतर ज्या प्रकारे परिधान केली जाते त्याचप्रकारची ही शैली आहे. काष्ट या शब्दाचा अर्थ साडीला पाठीमागे बांधणे असा होतो. ही साडी सामान्यतः नऊ गजांचे एकच कापड वापरून नेसली जात असल्याने तिला नऊवारी असे देखील संबोधले जाते. त्याला अखंड वस्त्र असे संबोधले जाते, याचा अर्थ त्याला आधार देण्यासाठी इतर कोणत्याही पोशाखाची आवश्यकता नसते. हा पोशाख अत्यंत महत्त्वाचा मानला जातो कारण विविध क्षेत्रातील महिलांनी तो परिधान केला आहे. हा पोशाख केवळ धार्मिक आणि सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमांमध्ये परिधान केला जात नाही, तर महिलांनी भूतकाळात या पोशाख युद्धे देखील लढली आहेत आणि अजूनही नऊवारी परिधान करून अनेक महिला शेतात काम करतात.
नऊवारी साडी ही पुरुषाच्या धोतराप्रमाणे दिसते. हिची लांबी नऊ वार अथवा गज -(९ यार्ड (८.२ मी) अंदाजे)- असल्याने हिला नऊवारी साडी असे म्हणले जाते. ह्या नऊवारी साड्या मुख्यत्वे महाराष्ट्रातील ब्राह्मण समाजातील व शेतकरी महिला नेसतात. ही साडी महाराष्ट्र, कर्नाटक, गोवा इ. राज्यात मुख्यत्वे आढळून येते.
शेतात किंवा इतर कामे करणाऱ्या बायका ही साडी घोट्याच्यावर किंवा गुडघ्याखालपर्यंत नेसतात; तर घरांत, समारंभांसाठी किंवा इतर ठिकाणी ही साडी घोट्याखालपर्यंत नेसली जाते. या साडीच्या दुभागलेल्या काष्टा पद्धतीमुळे काम करण्यास, जलद वावर करण्यास, इतकेच नव्हे तर घोडेस्वारी करण्यासाठीही ही साडी सुरक्षित समजली जाई/ जाते. इतिहासात झाशीची राणी लक्ष्मीबाई, कित्तूरची राणी चेन्नम्मा यांची नऊवारी साडी ही वेशभूषा होती आणि या वेशभूषेतूनच त्या रणांगणावर लढल्या.
धोतर

धोतर हा भारतीय पुरुषांचा पारंपारिक वस्त्रप्रकार आहे. हा वस्त्रप्रकार भारत, नेपाळ, पाकिस्तान, बांगलादेश, म्यानमार, श्रीलंका, मालदीव भारतीय उपखंडाबाहेर आग्नेय आशियातील थायलंड, मलेशिया, इंडोनेशिया, तसेच आफ्रिकन देशांमध्ये काही प्रमाणात प्रचलित आहे.
धोतर म्हणजे चौकोनी आकाराचे, सुमारे ४.५ मीटर लांबीचे, सहसा सुती किंवा रेशमी कापड असते. कमरेवरून व पायांवरून लपेटून घेऊन, गाठ मारून कमरेपाशी बांधून ते नेसले जाते.
आज नागरी भागामध्ये धोतराचा वापर कमी झाला आहे. पण ग्रामीण व अर्धनागरी भागात अजूनही धोतराचा वापर केला जातो. हिंदू धर्मातील पौरोहित्य करणारे ब्राह्मण धोतराचा वापर करताना दिसतात.