davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Malilikhaing industriya

Ang mga malikhaing industriya ay tumutukoy sa isang hanay ng mga aktibidad pang-ekonomiya na may kinalaman sa pagbuo o pagsasamantala ng kaalaman at impormasyon. Ang mga ito ay maaaring iba't ibang tinatawag ding mga kultural na industriya (lalo na sa Europa (Hesmondhalgh 2002) o ang malikhaing ekonomiya (Howkins 2001), at ang pinakahuli ay tinawag silang Naranghang Ekonomiya sa Amerikang Latina at Caribe (Buitrago & Duque 2013).
Ang malikhaing ekonomiya ng Howkins ay binubuo ng pagpapatalastas, arkitektura, sining, craft, disenyo, moda, pelikula, musika, sining ng pagtatanghal, paglalathala, pananaliksik at pag-unlad, software, mga laruan at laro, TV at radyo, at mga larong bidyo (Howkins 2001). Itinuturing ng ilang iskolar na ang industriya ng edukasyon, kabilang ang mga pampubliko at pribadong serbisyo, ay bumubuo ng isang bahagi ng malikhaing industriya. Nananatili, samakatuwid, ang iba't ibang kahulugan ng sektor (Hesmondhalgh 2002)(DCMS 2006).
Ang mga industriyang malikhain ay nakita na lalong nagiging mahalaga sa pang-ekonomiyang kagalingan, ang mga tagapagtaguyod na nagmumungkahi na "ang pagkamalikhain ng tao ay ang sukdulang mapagkukunang pang-ekonomiya" (Florida 2002), at na "ang mga industriya ng ikadalawampu't isang siglo ay higit na nakaangkla sa henerasyon ng kaalaman sa pamamagitan ng pagkamalikhain at pagbabago" (Landry & Bianchini 1995).
Padron:Industries
Edukasyon sa maagang pagkabata

Ang edukasyon sa maagang pagkabata (Ingles: Early childhood education o ECE), kilala din bilang edukasyong nursery, ay isang sangay ng teorya ng edukasyon na nauugnay sa pagtuturo ng mga bata (pormal o di-pormal) mula sa kapanganakan hanggang sa walong gulang. Sa tradisyon, katumbas nito ang hanggang ikatlong baitang. Sinasalarawan ang ECE bilang isang mahalagang yugto sa paglaki ng bata.
And Development Interaction Approach (Kaparaanan sa Pag-unlad ng Pakikipag-ugnayan) ay nakabatay sa mga teorya ng pag-unlad nina Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, John Dewey, at Lucy Sprague Mitchell. Nakatuon ang kaparaanan o pag-aaral na ito sa pagkatuto ng mga bata sa pamamagitan ng pagtuklas. Iminungkahi ni Jean Jacques Rousseau na bigyang-diin ng mga guro ang hilig ng mga bata at gamitin ito upang mas maging malapit at angkop ang impormasyon at kaalaman na makukuha nila para sa kanilang kani-kaniyang indibidwal at personal na pag-unlad.
Ang limang dominyo o salik ng pag-unlad na matutukoy mula pagkabata ay ang mga sumusunod sa ibaba. Upang makamit ang pag-unlad sa iba’t ibang salik na ito, may mga pangangailangan ang isang bata na kailangan niya munang matamasa upang siya ay maging handa sa pagkatuto. Sa Hirarkiya ng mga Pangangailangan na ipinakilala ni Maslow, makikita natin ang iba’t ibang antas ng mga pangangailangan na tinutukoy. Ipinapakita ng tsart sa kanan ang mga ito.
Kajiado

Kajiado ni mji wa Kenya katika Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki. Mji wa Kajiado ni makao makuu ya Kaunti ya Kajiado.
Idadi ya watu wanaoishi Kajiado ni 18,281 (sensa ya 2009) [1] Ilihifadhiwa 1 Machi 2020 kwenye Wayback Machine.. Idadi kubwa ya watu wanaoishi Kajiado ni Wamasai.
Jina la Kajiado linatokana na neno "Orkejuado" ambalo linamaanisha "mto mrefu" katika lugha ya Kimasai. Mto huu upo magharibi mwa mji huu.
Jina halisi wa mji huu ni "Olopurupurana", ambalo lina maana ya "kilima cha mviringo".
Mji huu upo kusini kwa jiji la Nairobi katika barabara kuu Nairobi - Arusha.
Mji wa Kajiado una kituo katika reli ya Magadi Soda Railway ambaye inatokea Konza mpaka Magadi.
Pia kuna vituo vya matatu za kwenda Namanga na Nairobi.
Air France

Air France (zamani iliitwa Société Air France, S.A.) ni shirika la ndege kuu la Ufaransa iliyo na makao makuu mjini Tremblay-en-France. Air France inasafiri hadi miji 150 kote duniani.
Air France ilianzishwa mnamo 7 Oktoba 1933 baada ya muungano wa kampuni za Air Orient, Air Union, Compagnie Générale Aéropostale, Compagnie Internationale de Navigation Aérienne (CIDNA), na Société Générale de Transport Aérien (SGTA).
Air France ina daraja tatu za huduma: La Première, Affaires, Premium Voyageur na Voyageur.
Viti vyake vimetengenezwa kwa ngozi, na huweza kulazwa kama kitanda chenye urefu wa mita mbili. Kila kiti kina runinga yake, taa ya kusomea, chombo cha kukandia, simu ya mkono na kabati. Vyakula hupikwa na Chef Guy Martin. Pia, kuna godoro, blanketi na mto wa kulalia.
Viti vya sehemu hii huweza kulazwa. Kila kiti kina runinga, taa ya kusomea, simu. Chakula pia hutolewa.
Viti huwezwa kulazwa hadi 118°. Kila kiti kuna simu na runinga. Chakula pia hutolewa.
Ofisi ya Airfranci ipo kwenye jengo la Roissypôle kwenye uwanja wa ndege wa Paris-Charles de Gaulle karibu na mji wa Paris. Jengo hili lilimalizika mnamo Desemba 1995. Ilisimamiwa na kampuni ya Groupement d'Etudes et de Méthodes d'Ordonnancement (GEMO). Iligharimu euro 137,000,000.
Matatū

Matatū is a New Zealand women's professional rugby union team that competes in the Super Rugby Aupiki competition. Matatū represents the South Island, specifically the regions covered by the Crusaders and the Highlanders. They are governed by the Crusaders. They were crowned champions of the 2023 Super Rugby Aupiki season.
The team's name, logo and colours were officially unveiled on 12 October 2021. The name, logo and colours were created by a local artist and designer Morgan Mathews-Hale in partnership with Te Whaka Ako Limited. Matatū is a name gifted by Ngāi Tūāhuriri, which is one of five primary hapū of the Ngai Tahu iwi.
The name Matatū, literally meaning "alert or vigilant", has been gifted to symbolise the teams tūmanawa (determined sacrifice), tūaho (legacy), tūhono (connections) and tūtira (unity) in representing Te Waka o Aoraki (the South Island).
Matatū played their first game against the Chiefs Manawa in a pre-season match ahead of the inaugural Super Rugby Aupiki season at the Owen Delany Park in Taupō. Liv McGoverne kicked the teams first-ever points and Julia Gorinski scored their first try. The Chiefs Manawa won the match 28–20. Matatū and the Chiefs Manawa met five days later to play the inaugural Super Rugby Aupiki match on 10 March 2022. It was a historical moment for Matatū as this was their first team to take the field. It was a tense match but the Chiefs Manawa edged Matatū 17–15 to win the second match between the teams.
Matatū next played the Blues Women in round 2 of the competition, but lost the game 10–21. In the final round, they faced the Hurricanes Poua at FMG Stadium Waikato in Hamilton, and were defeated 8–16 to finish last overall.
Matatū recorded their first Super Rugby Aupiki win after defeating the Blues Women 33–31 in the opening round of the competition. In round 2 and 3, they lost to the Hurricanes Poua 24–25 and the Chiefs Manawa 38–46. They met the Blues again, but this time in the semi-finals. They defeated them 26–23. They claimed their first title after defeating the Chiefs Manawa 33–31 in the Grand final in Hamilton at FMG Stadium Waikato.
Matatū's 2024 title defense started off with a 17–24 loss to the Blues Women in Invercargill. It was followed by two more defeats to the Hurricanes Poua 29–36 in Wellington and Chiefs Manawa 22–38 in Hamilton. They lost again to the eventual champions Blues Women in Auckland 17–27, before defeating the Hurricanes Poua 37–17, and Chiefs Manawa 22–20 in both rematches.
Notes:
A summary of Matatu's results in the regular season is shown below:
On 31 October 2024, the squad for the 2025 Super Rugby Aupiki season was announced.
In 2021, Blair Baxter was announced as Head Coach, with Whitney Hansen and Tony Christie appointed as the two assistant coaches. Baxter stepped down from head coach after the 2023 season. Whitney Hansen was named as Matatū's Head coach for the 2024 season.
Notes:
Emmanuel Matatu

Emmanuel Matatu (born 1952) is a Zimbabwean Lieutenant General and Commander of the Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA). He was formerly the Chief of Staff of the Army's administration staff.
Matatu grew up in Midlands Province and attended boarding school at Thekwane High School north of Plumtree. In the 1970s, as a young man he joined the Zimbabwe People's Republic Army (Zipra) training as a guerrilla in Mwembeshi, Zambia. Based on frontline combat experience, Matatu was selected for the officer’s course at the Zambia Military Academy at Kohima, where he performed exceptionally well.
In 2001, President Mugabe promoted Matatu to Brigadier General. Thereafter he was appointed as Deputy Coordinator of the Zimbabwe National Defence University.
In August 2021, he was promoted to Major General by President Emmerson Mnangagwa. At that time he moved into the Army Headquarters as the Chief of Staff of the Army's administration staff.
In March 2025, Matatu was promoted by President Mnangagwa to the rank of Lieutenant General, and put in charge of the National Army. He replaced Lieutenant General Anselem Nhamo Sanyatwe who was appointed as the new Minister of Sport, Arts and Culture.
Matatu (journal)

Matatu: Journal for African Culture and Society is an academic journal on African literatures and societies dedicated to interdisciplinary dialogue between literary and cultural studies, historiography, the social sciences, and cultural anthropology. Published by Brill Publishers, Matatu is "committed to supporting democratic change in Africa, to providing a forum for interchanges between African and European critical debates, to overcoming notions of absolute cultural, ethnic, or religious alterity, and to promoting transnational discussion on the future of African societies in a wider world".
Matices (serie de televisión)

Matices es una futura serie de televisión por internet española de thriller psicológico creada por Sergio Cánovas, Javier Naya y Alex Meriweather para SkyShowtime. Está producida por Secuoya Studios y Stellarmedia, y protagonizada por un reparto coral formado por Maxi Iglesias, Hovik Keuchkerian, Luis Tosar, Elsa Pataky, Enrique Arce, Juana Acosta, Fariba Sheikhan, Miriam Giovanelli, Raúl Prieto y Eusebio Poncela. Tiene previsto su estreno en SkyShowtime para el 5 de junio de 2025.
El 26 de julio de 2024, SkyShowtime anunció que había dado luz verde a su segunda serie española original, Matices, cuyo rodaje ya había comenzado.​ Elsa Pataky, Luis Tosar, Eusebio Poncela, Maxi Iglesias, Enrique Arce, Hovik Keuchkerian, Juana Acosta, Fariba Sheikhan, Miriam Giovanelli y Raúl Prieto fueron confirmados como los integrantes del reparto coral protagónico de la serie.​ El rodaje de la serie tuvo lugar en localizaciones como Zamora, Madrid y las Islas Canarias.​
En abril de 2024, SkyShowtime programó el estreno de Matices en su plataforma para el 5 de junio de 2025.​ La plataforma también confirmó que ese día estrenaría los tres primeros capítulos, para después lanzar el resto de la serie un capítulo por semana, hasta completar la serie el 10 de julio de 2025.​
Ninette

Ninette es una película de cine española dirigida por José Luis Garci y estrenada en 2005.
Ninette Sánchez (Elsa Pataky) es una inteligente, sexy, graciosa y espontánea muchacha parisina que trabaja en las Galerías Lafayette. Con su naturalidad y belleza tiene enamorado al personal, sobre todo a Andrés (Carlos Hipólito), un humilde vendedor español que cae rendido a sus múltiples encantos. Pero los padres de la chica, Pedro (Fernando Delgado) y Bernarda (Beatriz Carvajal) no se lo pondrán fácil.
Basada en las obras de teatro Ninette y un señor de Murcia y Ninette, modas de París, de Miguel Mihura. Se invirtió un presupuesto de 600.000 euros para promocionar la película.​ El primer papel protagonista de la actriz Elsa Pataky fue muy bien recibido por la crítica que vieron en ella una actriz con aptitudes cómicas.​
No fue la primera vez que esta obra teatral pasó al cine. En 1965 Fernando Fernán Gómez dirigió la primera adaptación titulada precisamente Ninette y un señor de Murcia.​
Las aventuras del capitán Alatriste

Las aventuras del capitán Alatriste es una colección de Literatura infantil y juvenil (LIJ)​​ de género de novela de capa y espada creada por el autor español Arturo Pérez-Reverte junto a su hija Carlota Pérez-Reverte Mañas y continuada después por este en solitario a partir de la segunda entrega.
Actualmente son siete novelas editadas desde 1996 y se basan en las aventuras de Diego Alatriste y Tenorio, un soldado veterano de los tercios de Flandes que malvive en el Madrid del siglo XVII alquilando su espada a todo aquel que la necesite. En 2011 se publicó el séptimo libro, último hasta el momento, titulado El puente de los asesinos.
Los libros que componen la colección son los siguientes:
Se prevé la publicación de dos libros más:
En 2001 comenzó a publicarse la colección en una edición escolar de la que se han editado los seis primeros libros con nuevas ilustraciones, prólogos de docentes, guías de lectura y mapas históricos.​ En 2009 se publicó una edición definitiva de El capitán Alatriste, revisada por el autor y con introducción y notas de Alberto Montaner Frutos.
En 2002 la editorial barcelonesa Devir Iberia publicó el Juego de rol del capitán Alatriste,​ creado por el historiador, novelista y diseñador de juegos Ricard Ibáñez. La misma editorial ha publicado dos suplementos para este juego de rol: Juego de damas​ (abril de 2003) y Maestros de esgrima​ (marzo de 2004), ambos también firmados por Ricard Ibáñez.
En septiembre de 2006 se estrenó la película Alatriste, dirigida por Agustín Díaz Yanes y protagonizada por Viggo Mortensen, basada en las aventuras del capitán.
En enero de 2015 se estrenó en Telecinco la serie Las aventuras del capitán Alatriste protagonizada por Aitor Luna.
En la serie El Ministerio del Tiempo, Alonso de Entrerríos es comparado con Diego Alatriste, en el primer capítulo. Luego adopta ese nombre como seudónimo.
El grupo musical español Mägo de Oz dedicó la canción La cruz de Santiago del álbum Finisterra (2000) a esta serie de novelas y a su autor, Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Años más tarde, Txus (batería de Mägo de Oz), compuso otro tema con el título No queda sino batirnos, frase ya publicada en la novela.
El grupo musical español Anima Adversa incluyó en su disco El Sueño de los Justos la canción Alatriste dedicada a las aventuras vividas por el protagonista de la novela.
Di Di Hollywood

Di Di Hollywood is a 2010 Spanish drama film written, directed and produced by Bigas Luna. It stars Elsa Pataky, Peter Coyote, and Paul Sculfor. It was released in Spain on 15 October 2010. It was Luna's final film before his death from leukemia in 2013.
Diana Diaz (Pataky) works at a bar in Madrid; she wants to be famous, and sets off for Miami. When she arrives, she meets Robert (Hacha), and the pair head to Hollywood, willing to do anything to become famous. Once there, she meets agent Michael McLean (Coyote). He changes her name to "Di Di" and gives her false hopes of becoming famous. But she discovers he really just wants to use her as a beard for gay actor Steve Richards (Sculfor).
Filming took place in Madrid, Spain; Valencia, Spain; Elche, Spain; Ciudad de la Luz; and the hospital scene was shot in Benidorm, Spain. Filming was shot from October - November 2009.
Variety reviewed is as "the script proves unable to make Di Di’s journey interesting or credible, while the uncharismatic Pataky is unconvincing as star material."
Elsa (given name)

Elsa is a female name mostly used in the Scandinavian countries.
Originally Elsa was simply a short form for the biblical name Elisabeth and some of its variants: Elisabet, Elisabetta and Elizabeth.
The first recorded mentions of the name were in Sweden at the 15th century. The name became generally used after the 19th century.
After the release of Disney's Frozen at the end of 2013, in which a main character is named Elsa, the name became more popular in different countries across the world. In the Faroe Islands and Sweden the name was in the top 10 baby names before the film was released, and became the most popular name afterwards, in 2014 and 2015.
The Wine of Summer

The Wine of Summer is a 2013 romantic drama film written, directed and produced by Maria Matteoli, starring Elsa Pataky, Sônia Braga, Ethan Peck, Najwa Nimri, Bob Wells and Marcia Gay Harden.
James, at the age of 27 quits his law career in pursuit of his childhood dream of becoming an actor. While studying acting under the tutelage of Shelley, he becomes engrossed in Carlo Lucchesi's play, Tinto de Verano, which is set in Spain. James’ girlfriend Brit leaves him, and he spontaneously flies to Spain, where he encounters the playwright Lucchesi at a bookstore in Barcelona. Lucchesi is in a relationship with a much younger woman, Veronica, but still nurtures an old love for his long lost muse, Eliza, a novelist, who happens to be visiting her son, Nico a trumpet player who also lives in Barcelona. In the golden backdrop of Spain, these characters find their fates intertwined.
Filming started in October 2011 and was shot on location in Barcelona, Spain and Eureka, California.
The film was shown at the 2013 Douro Film Harvest in Portugal.
Centro de Estudios Universitarios

The former Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU), currently called Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU, is a foundation for the development of education founded by the Catholic Propagandistic Association (ACdP).
Out of the many academic institutions it runs, it is mainly known for the prestigious universities; in Madrid, CEU San Pablo University, in Barcelona, Abat Oliba CEU University and CEU Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia.
Fundación Universitaria CEU was created in 1933 in Madrid, by the Asociación Católica de Propagandistas (Catholic Association of Propagandists) on the initiative of its first President, the Servant of God Ángel Herrera Oria. In 1972 the 'Centro de Estudios Universitarios' became the 'Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU', as we know it today. The original faculty consisted of prestigious teachers, many of whom, over time, became professors or ministers, and some have even reached the episcopate. In 1945, the institution received official recognition by the Ministry of Education as a center affiliated to the University of Madrid. The CEU Foundation then set up a teaching institute, under the name of St. Paul College, affiliated with the Complutense University of Madrid. In 1993, Herrera Oria's dream of founding a university was fulfilled when the CEU Foundation established the CEU San Pablo University in Madrid, capital of Spain. This was followed by the CEU Cardenal Herrera University, the first private school of law ever founded in Valencia. It has been associated to the University of Valencia since the early 1970s but the University took on its current name in 1999. The CEU Abat Oliva University is the third university established by the San Pablo CEU Foundation, and was founded in 2003. In 2005, all entities that are part of the institution were united under the name CEU.
Schools and colleges run by the foundation:
Give 'Em Hell, Malone

Give 'Em Hell, Malone is a 2009 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by Russell Mulcahy and starring Thomas Jane, Ving Rhames and Elsa Pataky.
An ex-private eye turned gun for hire named Malone is hired to retrieve a suitcase from a building full of armed mobsters, but a violent shootout ensues and Malone is eventually left as the only survivor. Suspecting a set-up, he retains the only noteworthy item contained in the case - a small painted animal referred to as "the meaning of love" - for himself, prompting several different parties in the employ of a local gangster - Whitmore - to pursue Malone in attempt to discern the meaning of the case's contents.
After a series of violent encounters leaving many dead, Malone eventually confronts Whitmore, who admits he was responsible for hiring Malone and planted the toy - a keepsake belonging to Malone's young son - as a means to trick Malone into exterminating Whitmore's criminal help, allowing Whitmore to become a legitimate businessman without worrying about being tainted by potential loose ends from his criminal past. Malone kills Whitmore and phones his (Malone's) wife and son - previously presumed dead - but does not engage them in conversation.
A title-over at the end reads, "To Be Continued...".
The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray January 26, 2010.
Tyler Foster of DVD Talk gave the film a negative review, calling it "a movie that's groan-worthy when it follows the beaten path and annoying when it tries to subvert it" and unfavorably compared it to Frank Miller's The Spirit. Brian Pisco for Pajiba had similar feelings, stating that the film "sets up asskickery that never comes about.".
A sequel to the film was announced in 2021, with Jane and Hosack returning as actor and screenwriter respectively.
Maddur vada

Maddur vada, also known as Maddur vade (pronounced "ma-ddur vah-daa", "ma-ddur vah-dey"), is a savoury fritter-type snack from South India. The snack derives its name from the town of Maddur which is in the Mandya district of Karnataka.
Maddur vada is made of rice flour, semolina and maida flour mixed with onion, curry leaves, green chillies, grated coconut, cashews / groundnuts, ghee, salt, and asafoetida. The onion and curry leaves are fried and then mixed with water to make a soft dough, which is made into patties and deep fried.
Compañía de Refinería de Azúcar de Viña del Mar

La Compañía de Refinería de Azúcar de Viña del Mar (CRAV) fue una empresa chilena dedicada a la importación y refinación de azúcar de caña. Fue fundada en 1873 en la ciudad de Viña del Mar por Julio Bernstein y otros empresarios e ingenieros alemanes de renombre tales como Enrique Tietz Milbradt, y transformada en sociedad anónima el 22 de agosto de 1887.​ Posteriormente absorbió la Refinería Sudamericana de Azúcar de Penco creada en 1889.​​
En 1913 compra los derechos de la Viña del Mar Electric Company, que tenía la concesión de iluminación pública y residencial de la ciudad. En 1922 crea IMVA y Cía., transformándose más tarde en la División de Licores y Alcoholes de CRAV fundada por el Gerente de Planta e ingeniero químico catalán Gabriel Busquets Totz. En 1928 construye una central termoeléctrica como instalación anexa a la refinería, distribuyendo también a la ciudad. En 1945 se fusiona la sección de electricidad con la Compañía Sudamericana de Servicios Públicos para formar la Compaña Nacional de Fuerza Eléctrica S.A. (Conafe)​
Durante los años 1950 y 1960, la empresa auspiciaba el programa de concursos Cumpla su deseo con CRAV, emitido inicialmente por Radio Minería y desde los años 1960 por Canal 13 (1965-1969) y posteriormente por Canal 9 (1970-1971), y el programa La gran cocina CRAV emitido por Canal 9 entre 1967 y 1970.​
En 1976 cerró su refinería en Penco, debido a sus magros resultados económicos de sus últimos meses. Luego, en 1980, adquirió de su entonces competidora estatal IANSA las plantas de Linares y Los Ángeles. Sin embargo, en 1981, una fuerte recesión económica provocó una caída en el precio internacional del azúcar, y como consecuencia de ello, CRAV se declaró en quiebra en mayo de ese año.​​ Sus plantas de Viña del Mar, Linares y Los Ángeles fueron cerradas y pasaron a manos del Banco del Estado de Chile.
Al momento de su quiebra, CRAV era la cuarta empresa privada más grande de Chile y formaba parte de un conglomerado empresarial que incluía a CRAV Alimentos S.A. (Craval), Industrias Varias S.A. (Invasa), Comercializadora y Distriduidora Nacional (Codina), Supermercados Unicrav (hoy Unimarc), Conafe (electricidad), Fondo Mutuo La Alborada, y las aseguradoras Protectum y Los Andes.​
Industria Azucarera Nacional

La Industria Azucarera Nacional S.A. (Iansa) es una empresa chilena productora de azúcar que fue fundada en el año 1953.
Los antecedentes de Iansa están en una política de sustitución de las importaciones, de crear una agroindustria nacional basada en la remolacha, activar zonas agrícolas deprimidas y el empleo de mano de obra agrícola. Además, las primeras experiencias efectuadas por la Corporación de Fomento de la Producción (Corfo) señalaban un uso integral de la remolacha: azúcar, mejoramiento de los suelos por la fertilización y forraje.
En 1953, la Corfo creó la Industria Azucarera Nacional Sociedad Anónima al poner en marcha en Los Ángeles la primera planta industrial. Su impacto económico y social en la zona fue tan profundo, que motivó la ampliación del proyecto. Nuevas plantas se instalarían posteriormente en Llanquihue (1958), Linares (1959), San Carlos (1967), Rapaco (La Unión, 1970) y Curicó (1974).
Bajo la dictadura militar, fue una de las empresas más cuestionadas, dado su carácter estatal y las fuertes pérdidas que había generado, y se consideró seriamente la posibilidad de cerrarla. En este contexto, entre 1980 y 1981, las plantas de Linares y Los Ángeles fueron vendidas a CRAV (el principal importador y refinador nacional de azúcar de caña) y Rapaco, comprada por Indus. Luego de la crisis económica internacional de 1981, donde el precio del azúcar cayó considerablemente y como consecuencia de ello quebró la CRAV, sus plantas pasaron a manos del Banco del Estado y permanecieron cerradas durante una temporada. Después de la privatización de la empresa sus índices, aranceles y estados económicos subieron notablemente.
En septiembre de 2015, la inglesa ED&F Man compró el 100 % de Iansa, pero al año siguiente se vio que esta estaba en crisis, pues generó «apenas 51 millones» de dólares estadounidenses, «frente a una utilidad de más de US$4.000 millones del año anterior». De ahí que en 2017 anunciara un plan quinquenal ED&F Man para reordenar y reestructurar sus negocios.​ Lo que no impidió que ese año Iansa pasara de utilidades a pérdidas.​
Iansa informó en julio de 2018 de su decisión de cerrar la planta de Linares. El gobierno, pocos días después, pidió a Iansa el aplazamiento por dos años de esta decisión, según aseguró el ministro de Agricultura Antonio Walker.​ Finalmente, el directorio empresarial decidió cerrar la planta en agosto de 2018.​
En septiembre de 2020, Empresas Iansa decide concentrar la producción de azúcar nacional en su planta productiva de San Carlos, lo que implica dejar de producir en la planta de Los Ángeles a partir de la temporada 2021. La planta de San Carlos se convertirá así en el centro neurálgico de producción y distribución de la zona sur. A 2020, la producción de azúcar es uno de sus negocios principales, representando alrededor de un 50 % de los ingresos.​
En 1953 se creó Empresas Iansa S.A., holding que hoy conforman:​
Cocharcas (Chile)

Cocharcas (del quechua: kocha chihakhuay ‘bullicio, alboroto’)​ es una localidad ubicada en la comuna de San Carlos, en la Región de Ñuble, Chile.​​
El sector es considerado un área tanto industrial como residencial, en conjunto a localidades adyacentes como Villa Illinois y Ninquihue,​ con las cuales presenta una dependencia funcional respecto a la Ruta 5 Sur.​
Destaca por la presencia de la antigua Estación de ferrocarriles Cocharcas,​ además de la planta de la Industria Azucarera Nacional.​​ Posee además un canal llamado Dadinco.​
Azúcar blanco

El azúcar blanco, también llamado azúcar de mesa, azúcar granulada o azúcar regular, es un tipo de azúcar de uso común, hecho de azúcar de remolacha o azúcar de caña, sometido a un proceso de refinación.
El proceso de refinación elimina por completo la melaza para dar el azúcar blanco, la sacarosa (C12H22O11). Tiene una pureza superior al 99,7%.​ Los azúcares blancos producidos a partir de la caña de azúcar y la remolacha azucarera son químicamente indistinguibles: sin embargo, es posible identificar su origen a través de un análisis de carbono-13.​
El azúcar blanco (y algo de azúcar moreno) producido a partir de la caña de azúcar se puede refinar utilizando carbón animal en algunas refinerías de caña de azúcar.​ Por esta razón, el azúcar blanco de caña de azúcar puede no ser considerado vegano a diferencia del azúcar de remolacha.​
El azúcar blanco no contiene, en comparación con el azúcar moreno, algunos minerales (como calcio, potasio, hierro y magnesio) presentes en pequeñas cantidades en la melaza.​​​ Las únicas diferencias detectables son su color blanco y sabor menos intenso.​
Se basa en el color, contenido de sacarosa, humedad, tamaño de grano y filtrabilidad.
Siendo el color la característica más importante, ya que está directamente relacionado con su pureza, siendo el blanco el que ha experimentado más refinado y contiene menos contaminantes y productos químicos. Se utiliza un colorímetro o un fotómetro, precalibrado y en valores ICUMSA (múltiplo del índice de absorbencia (UI)), para medir la absorbancia del azúcar a diferentes longitudes de onda. Normalmente, un valor ICUMSA de 45 indica una azúcar blanco muy refinado de gran pureza, mientras que el azúcar moreno tendría un valor de alrededor de 1000.​​
Se determina por polarimetría de onda visible (540 nm a 633 nm) y se expresa en °Z de la escala polarimétrica internacional del azúcar.​
La muestra se seca en un horno a 105 °C durante 3 horas y se mide la pérdida de peso.​
Se utiliza una pila de tamices de alambre con diferentes tamaños de poros para separar los cristales de azúcar por tamaño. Luego se pesa cada fracción para determinar la distribución del tamaño y, a partir de esto, se puede calcular la apertura media (MA) y el coeficiente de variación (CV).​
La International Commission for Uniform Methods for Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA) es una organización normativa que establece la norma global para el control de calidad del azúcar. Entre los que se destacan:
Marco Cariola

Marco Antonio Juan Andrés Cariola Barroilhet (Viña del Mar, 2 de noviembre de 1932-Santiago de Chile, 6 de septiembre de 2020)​ fue un abogado, político y empresario chileno.​
Realizó sus estudios primarios y secundarios en The Grange School y en el Saint George's College. Luego de finalizar su etapa escolar, ingresó a la Universidad de Chile, donde se tituló de abogado en 1960.​
Se dedicó al ejercicio libre de la profesión en Santiago, e impulsó la creación de la firma de «Abogados Cariola y Cía.», la que contribuyó al desarrollo como socio principal de la firma «Sargent and Krahn», procuradores de patentes y marcas. Luego asumió como presidente y gestor del grupo económico «Inversiones Pathfinder S.A.». Se desempeñó también como controlador y presidente de varias empresas, como Masisa S.A.; Forestal Tornagaleones S.A.; Portuaria Corral; Pesquera Elcomar; Campo Chileno; Iansagro S.A.; Agrofruta S.A.; Empresas IANSA; Gasco S.A.; Carrefour S.A; Nestlé S.A., entre otras. También, se dedicó a labores agrícolas en sus predios ganaderos de la X Región de Los Lagos.​
Entre otras actividades, fue miembro de la Junta Directiva de la Universidad Austral de Chile y Consejero de la Fundación Chilena del Pacífico, del Hogar de Cristo y de la Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (SOFOFA).​
Durante el régimen militar de Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, fue un gran colaborador; ocupó el puesto de presidente de la Comisión de Desburocratización. Más tarde, cuando Pinochet fue detenido en Londres, viajó a dicha ciudad, en varias oportunidades, con el fin de apoyar el trabajo de la defensa judicial y coordinar la acción ante la opinión pública y la sociedad británica.​
Posteriormente, en los gobiernos de Patricio Aylwin Azócar y Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, se integró a la Comisión Mixta para las Relaciones Internacionales.​
En 1997 se presentó como candidato a senador independiente, dentro del pacto de la Alianza por Chile, en el cupo de la Unión Demócrata Independiente; y fue elegido, por la Decimosexta Circunscripción Senatorial, X Región, período 1998-2006. Integró la Comisión Permanente de Gobierno, Descentralización y Regionalización; la de Agricultura, de la que fue presidente durante un tiempo; la de Relaciones Exteriores y la de Economía. Trabajó en el Comité Parlamentario Mixto UDI-Independientes.​
Su labor estuvo orientada a intensificar la política de regionalización. Entre sus iniciativas destaca la solicitud para que la provincia de Osorno sea considerada como ciudad Asiento de Corte, para los efectos de remuneraciones del personal del Poder Judicial.​
Entre las mociones convertidas en ley, está la Ley N.º 19 612, sobre Salvaguardia, que permite imponer sobretasas por sobre el arancel consolidado por Chile ante la Organización Mundial del Comercio, OMC, de un 31,5 % a los productos con banda, como el trigo, el azúcar y las oleaginosas.​
IANSA (company)

IANSA (from Industria Azucarera Nacional) is a Chilean sugar grower, refiner, and manufacturer of sweeteners and sugar products. It also produces fruit juices, tomato paste, and pet and animal food.
IANSA was founded in 1953 as a government-run CORFO. It was pushed to privatize under the economic policies of dictator Augusto Pinochet. After the Crisis of 1982, the company went bankrupt, but continued its privatization, which was completed by 1988.
In September 2015, the English ED&F Man bought 100% of IANSA, but the following year it was seen to be in crisis, since it generated "barely 51 million" US dollars, "compared to a profit of more than US$4,000 million for the last year". Hence, in 2017, ED&F Man announced a five-year plan to reorganize and restructure its businesses. Which did not prevent Iansa from going from profit to loss that year.
IANSA informed in July 2018, of its decision to close the Linares plant. The government, a few days later, asked Iansa to postpone this decision for two years, according to the Minister of Agriculture Antonio Walker. Finally, the business board decided to close the plant in August 2018.
In September 2020, Empresas Iansa decided to concentrate national sugar production at its production plant in San Carlos, which implies ceasing production at the Los Angeles plant as of the 2021 season. The San Carlos plant will thus become the nerve center of production and distribution in the southern zone. As of 2020, sugar production is one of its main businesses, representing around 50% of revenue.
Vanilla sugar

Vanilla sugar is a commonly used ingredient in many European desserts.
Vanilla sugar is made by infusing sugar and vanilla beans, or sugar mixed with vanilla extract (in a proportion of two cups of sugar for one teaspoon of extract).
Pre-packaged vanilla sugar can be costly and difficult to obtain outside Europe but can be made at home. Typically, it is made by infusing granulated white sugar with vanilla beans (approximately, 2 cups of sugar per vanilla bean). In some cases the vanilla bean can be replaced with vanilla extract.
Vanilla sugar can be prepared by combining 400 g (2 cups) of white sugar with the scraped seeds of one vanilla bean. It can also be made by adding 1 to 2 whole vanilla beans to an airtight jar with 200 to 400 g (1 to 2 cups) of white sugar, and aging the mixture for two weeks; the sugar can be replaced as it is used.
Cheaper vanilla sugar is also available, made only from sugar and vanillin.
Vigatec (Chile)

Vigatec is a Chilean corporation founded in 1980. The company headquarters is in Santiago de Chile, and it has subsidiaries in Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil. Vigatec currently has about 200 employees.
Vigatec has several products and services:
In Chile, Vigatec is the exclusive reseller of the following brands: Datacard, Pitney Bowes, Kyocera Mita, Rexel, Tempo, Mach, Linear, Synel, Secom, and Thermo Electron.
Vigatec was founded in 1980 as a division of Vigamil, a paper envelope manufacturing company.
In 1991, Vigatec started selling products for attendance & access control.
In 1999 the company started selling security products (alarms, CCTV equipment)
Vigatec has initiated several labor environment improvement projects:
Cuban packages

The Cuban packages (1972) was a Chilean conspiracy theory involving President Salvador Allende, his Minister of the Interior, Hernán del Canto and the Director of the Civil Police Eduardo Paredes. It was cited by the authors of the Chamber of Deputies' Declaration of the Breakdown of Chile’s Democracy as one of the instances of government officials' illegality.
The packages turned out to have contained automatic weapons, grenades and ammunition destined to form a small "revolutionary" army in Chile. These specific packages were part of an ongoing smuggling of weapons from Cuba that were delivered regularly twice a week via Cubana de Aviación, hidden inside the diplomatic pouches.
The regular flight of Cubana de Aviación arrived normally to Pudahuel Airport on the afternoon of March 11, 1972.
Nonetheless, as soon as the airplane touched ground, a caravan of cars and police patrols entered the runway and surrounded the plane. From the cargo hold they removed 11 big and heavy packages that were loaded onto the cars and sped away. Customs officials stopped the cars and insisted in processing the packages before they could be removed from the airport perimeter. Eduardo Paredes, director of the civil police, who had arrived from Cuba in the same plane (and who claimed the packages as his personal cargo) refused the officials' request for access and ordered them to withdraw. When the customs officers in turn refused to allow them to proceed, they received a personal call from the Interior Minister, Hernán del Canto, who ordered them to let the packages be interned without further ado. The bypassing of customs was organized by Canto and Congress later succeeded to impeach him.
The news leaked immediately into the newspapers. During the following weeks the government, attacked by the press, Congress and the National Comptroller, gave several contradictory excuses about the content of the packages. They said that they were books, food, cigarettes and crafts; later they explained that they were paintings for a Cuban art show that was to be mounted at the National Museum of Art. Even later they mentioned technology for the civil police (to explain the presence of their director at the airport) and even mango ice cream sent by Fidel Castro as a present to Salvador Allende.
Allende in person decided to put an end to the speculations and the political pressure. He declared in a public interview that "...in fact, the flight... that arrived to Pudahuel, transported some gifts that were sent by the Cuban Prime Minister personally to me as well as to other Chilean authorities". Later it was found that the packages contained heavy Cuban weaponry for Allende's militant supporters. At least 3000-4000 AK-47s were delivered this way.
TC Pista Mouras

TC Pista Mouras is a stock car racing series in Argentina, created in 2008. This series is the lower division of the promotion ladder of the Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera and was created at the expense of the TC Mouras division. The objective of the mother entity of Turismo Carretera with the creation of this new division is the training of young people and new competitors who wish to race in the first division, being admitted young drivers from karts, monoposts or zone categories. Admission to the category is not only open to young pilots, since those pilots who have gathered high experience in zonal categories, or in senior categories at the national level, can also participate.
The first champion of this category was the driver Matías Devoto, who obtained in 2008, the so-called Presentation Tournament, which was launched in the last five dates of said TC Mouras season and in which this pilot devoted himself to board the Chevrolet Chevy Malibu. The following year, the first TC Pista Mouras long tournament would be played, being its creditor, the driver Agustín Herrera, who on this occasion, gave joy to the Ford supporters aboard his Ford Falcon.
On the other hand, the other two classic brands of the TC, Dodge and Torino, also obtained titles in this division, being the year 2012 the first obtained by the brand from the hand of Nicolás Pezzucchi from Olavarrie, while in 2013, the driver Gabriel Novillo would give his first championship to Torino, a brand that once again celebrated in Argentine motorsports, after the 19 years of the last title obtained by Luis Rubén Di Palma in the extinct Supercart category.
Fabián Burgos

Fabián Burgos (Buenos Aires, 19 de diciembre de 1962) es un artista plástico argentino, conocido por su obra enmarcada en el neocinetismo óptico. Las obras del argentino Fabián Burgos plantean principalmente la búsqueda de efectos ópticos mediante el estudio de la intensidad del color, la vibración y el movimiento.
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2002 - Segundo premio, Premio Aerolíneas Argentinas a las Artes Visuales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1996 - Subsidio Anual a la Creación, Fundación Antorchas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1991 - Mención de Honor, Premio Nuevo Mundo para jóvenes artistas, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1987 - Mención especial, Premio Quinquela Martín, Museo Eduardo Sívori, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2010 - Zona MACO, Galería Alfredo Ginocchio, México D.F., México
2008 - Pinta Art Show, Galería Alejandra Van Hartz, Miami, Estados Unidos
2008 - ArtBo, Galería Dabbah Torrejón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1999 - Feria de Chicago, Annina Nosei Gallery, Chicago, Estados Unidos
1991 - ArteBa (Participa desde la primera edición) con las Galerías Ruth Benzacar, Dabbah Torrejón y Alejandra Von Hartz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Como curador:
2009 - Coordinador Espacio Grupo SOPORTE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2002 - Resonancia, La Nave de los Sueños, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2000 - Horas Recientes, Cecilia Caballero Galería de Arte, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1998 - Tres paredes, obras de 34 artistas, domicilio particular del artista, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Como docente:
2008 - 2009 - Clínica intensiva, Casa Bruzzone, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2006 – 2009 Clínica particular impartida en su estudio, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Charlas y presentaciones:
2011 - Presentación Libro Manuel Esnoz, Universidad Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1993 - A Forum of Contemporary Argentine Artists, The Detroit Institute Of Arts, Detroit Michigan, USA
1993 - El arte como desafío, Palacio San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Xavier Blum Pinto

Xavier Blum Pinto (born 1957 in Guayaquil) is an Ecuadorian artist. From 1974 to 1976 he studied architecture at the Universidad Catolica Santiago de Guayaquil, in Ecuador. In 1981, obtained his MA in Fine Arts from the Universitė of Paris VIII, France.
In 1996 he participated in the São Paulo Art Biennial.
Dahareun jeung inuman

Dina kahirupan modérn, dahareun teu ukur mibanda ma'na salaku kecap barang nu fungsina pikeun nyeubeuhkeun beuteung hungkul. Tapi, pamahamanana ogé ngalegaan ngurung ogé pasualan-pasualan lingkungan, kaséhatan jeung budaya. Dina kontéks kaséhatan, manusa diperedih pikeun ngadahar rupaning kadaharan nu cumpon kana standar-standar kaséhatan, upamana nyukupan kabutuhan kalori, nyingkahan nu ngandung lemak, kolésterol, jsté.
Rupa-rupa kadaharan jeung inuman has Sunda, di antarana:
Wanda Kadaharan & Inuman has Sunda
Cakue

Cakué asalna ti campuran tipung tarigu sarta soda kuéh diawuran gula, bawang bodas, pedes sarta ogé uyah anu saterusna digoréng, ngahasilkeun cakué wangunna anu manjang sarta rasa asin anu pohara has.
Cakué kadaharan tradisional ti nagari Cina. Biasana urang nyayajikeun cakué minangka camilan atawa campuran bubur hayam. Bahan atah cakuényaéta tarigu, endog, ragi, soda kuéh sarta uyah anu dijieun kawas iteuk sarta digoréng nepi ka boga warna konéng keemasan.
Cakué Penéléh bisa urang dapatkeun salah sahijina di Pasar Atom, Surabaya. Dina mimiti nangtungna, cakué spésial ieu muka warungna di Jl, Penéléh 21 taun baheula. Anu pohara spésial nyaéta saprak taun 1994 Cakué Penéléh mibanda inovasi kalayan nyieun cakué anu dieusi hurang anu geus dihaluskeun sarta dibéré samara pelem. Beuki pelem waktu didahar kalayan saos anu dijieun ti saos tomat, cuka sarta bawang bodas.
Lalawak

Lalawak (Barbodes bramoides) Nyaéta hiji lauk anu asalna tina kulawarga Cyprinidae.
Lalawak sok disebut ogé : Hala (Merap), Salap Merah (Kenyah), Alap (Punan) Loba kapanggih hirup di : Kalimantan, Jawa, Malaysia, Kamboja, Thailand, Vietnam jeung Laos. Kahakanan lauk Lalawak, tutuwuhan jeung gegeremet]. (Inger & Chin 1962)
Lalawak hirupna di tengah jeung dasar walungan anu caina palid lumayan tarik, loba mibanda taneuh liat, substrat aya keusik, batu jeung dijerona loba tutuwuhan cai atawa tutuwuhan anu geus paéh . Eksoskeleta gegeremet sajaoeung. Spésiés paling umum tina ieu genus, gancang tumpur alatan jadi target buruan. Diala make useup, kencrik, bubu, jeung sajabana. Dijual dipasar mangsa masih seger kénéh. Aya ogé anu didagangkeun dina akuarium.
Ieu spesimén mibanda kelir semu konéng dina cécépét palebah beuteungna, Satengah bagian hareup cécépét bujurna sarta di tungtung lobus buntutna anu berongga. Ogé mibanda gurat submarginal hideung di sapanjang unggal lobus buntutna, mibanda tanda hideung di tungtung cécépét tonggongna.
Arengan

Arengan; Labeo crysophaekadion; black shark nyéta hiji lauk anu asalna tina kulawarga Cyprinidae. Loba kapanggih hirup di wewengkon Sumatera, Jawa, Jeung Bornéo. Panjangna bisa nepika 90 cm (3 ft) kalawan beurat 7 kg (15 lb). Ieu lauk sakapeung kapanggih di tukang lauk hias dina akuarium, sanajan ieu lauk teu cocok dipiara dina akuarium alatan ukuranna anu bakal ngabadagan turta galak ka lauk séjén.
Tempat hirup ieulauk dipiwanoh di susukan, kamalir, bendungan, jeung dataran banjir anu naneum. Sakapeung kapanggih di embung, sanajan lain dina jumlah anu loba.
Mangsa mijah kawasna sarua jeung barayana, Morulius calbasu (Hamilton) ti Burma jeung anak benua India. Seperti lauk mas planktivora ogé detritivora gedé anu séjénna.
Karper detritivora, mimiti mijah munggaran usum ngijih. Hujan ieu malidkeun keusik jeung lempung ti girang, ieu ngajadikeun gundukan-gundukan keusek déét di unggal léngkob susukan.
Jadi tempat panundaan endogna, engkéna baris megar mangsana usum ngijih datang. Ieu endog anu geus megar jadi burayak maju ka jujukutan anu kakeueum sapanjang sisi susukan.
Tuluy mapay-mapay sisi walungan mangsana cai keur banjir kénéh ka darat. Arengan anu dewasa ogé sok ngahaja pindah/bermigrasi ka daérah banjir usunan ieu, di mana maranéhna ngakan, perifiton jeung fitoplankton ogé detritus. Lauk-lauk ieu mulang deui ka susukan ti mimiti bulan Oktober nepika Désémber.
Dilaporkeun Ieu lauk salah sahiji anu endemik di wahangan Citarum.
Cuia de tacacá

A Cuia de Tacacá é um utensílio muito utilizado pela população da Amazônia para saborear alimentos típicos dessa região como o tacacá.
O artefato produzido originalmente por índios da região do Baixo Amazonas, vem de uma planta chamada cuieira, após ser raspada pelo lado de fora, a fruta da cuieira é pintada com o cumaté.
Dobradinha

A dobradinha é uma terminologia desportiva para designar que uma equipe/país chegou nas 2 primeiras posições, ou que um país conquistou a 1a posição de uma mesma modalidade desportiva num evento, tanto no masculino quanto no feminino. Pode significar que algo aconteceu de forma duplicada, ou seja, quando uma equipe vence dois títulos numa mesma temporada.
A dobradinha difere-se do pódio duplo, já que este designa que um país/equipe conquistou a 1a e a 3a posições.
Uma dobradinha no futebol ocorre quando um clube consegue vencer, na mesma época, dois títulos. No caso de Portugal, um clube consegue a "dobradinha" se, por exemplo, vencer o Campeonato Nacional e a Taça de Portugal.
No automobilismo, uma dobradinha é o ato de dois pilotos da mesma equipe terminarem a corrida nas duas primeiras posições, independentemente de qual deles fique na primeira posição.
Até hoje, o Brasil conquistou 11 dobradinhas na F-1.
Línguas purus

As línguas purus são um grupo de línguas aruaques faladas no Brasil e no Peru.
As línguas purus são:
A fonologia do proto-Purus (Ramirez 2019: 746; 2020: 250):
Vocabulário comparativo (Ramirez 2019: 745-746; 2020: 249):
Vocabulário comparativo da fauna e flora (Brandão & Facundes 2007):
Algumas reconstruções do proto-purus, de nomes de plantas e animais (Carvalho 2021):
Factory Additions

Factory Additions foi a empresa fundada por Andy Warhol em 1967 para publicação e gravura. Algumas das primeiras "Adições" incluem o Marilyn Monroe portfolio, e uma adição de serigrafia de "Flores", e uma série de serigrafias baseadas em seus rótulos da Campbell's Soup Can. Campbell's Soup Cans I consistiam em um conjunto de 10 serigrafias produzidas em um acréscimo de 250.
Sam Rockwell

Sam Rockwell (Daly City, 5 de novembro de 1968) é um ator estadunidense. Em 2017, seu desempenho no papel de um policial problemático no filme Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri, rendeu-lhe o Oscar de Melhor Ator Coadjuvante, o BAFTA, Critics Choice, Globo de Ouro, Independent Spirit e Screen Actors Guild na mesma categoria.