davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Four White Shirts

Four White Shirts (Latvian: Četri balti krekli) or Breathe Deeply (Elpojiet dziļi) is a 1967 romantic drama film directed by Rolands Kalniņš. The film was prevented from being screened by Soviet censors for 20 years following its release. In 2018, Four White Shirts was featured in the 2018 Cannes Classics program.
The film centers around a telephone repairman named Cēzars Kalniņš, who writes music for his friend's rock band “Optimisti” (The Optimists). Culture worker Anita Sondore reports Kalniņš’ lyrics to the authorities due to their criticism of prevalent social values, leading to conflicts between Kalniņš, his bandmates, and the Soviet authorities.
The film's music was written by Imants Kalniņš and lyrics by the poet Māris Čaklais. The music was sung by actors Līga Liepiņa, Pauls Butkevičs, and Juris Strenga. Despite the film being informally banned for twenty years, many of the songs including “Dziesma par Napoleonu” started being played by Kalniņš’ band Menuets and became well-known hits. In 2014, music publisher ''Upe tt'' released Māris Čaklais' book ''Stikla saksofonists'' with two CDs. On the first CD, the writer reads his poetry, and the second CD includes original music from the movie. This is not only the film's first full-length movie soundtrack, but also the first music album. The tracks include:
The film's screening was restricted by Soviet authorities for nearly twenty years after its original premiere due to its controversial stance on censorship, not becoming widely shown until 1987. In 2018, the film was digitally restored and shown at the Cannes Film Festival by director Rolands Kalniņš in the Buñuel Hall of the Festival Castle.
The film has been included into the Latvian Culture Canon as one of 99 elements in recognition of its historical and cultural value, one of just twelve films.
Charles Tyrwhitt

Charles Tyrwhitt Shirts Limited (/ˈtɪrɪt/ TIH-rit), also known as CT Shirts, is a British multi-channel men's clothing retailer specialising in dress shirts, ties, suits, casualwear, shoes and accessories.
It was founded as a mail order company in 1986 by Nicholas Wheeler while he was a student at the University of Bristol: Wheeler has stated that he started the business because he thought he "could make a shirt better than anybody else". In 1997, the company opened its first store on Jermyn Street in London, notable for its history in British shirt making.
Wheeler's wife, Chrissie Rucker, is the founder and owner of The White Company.
In 1986, Charles Tyrwhitt was founded as a mail order company by Wheeler while studying at the University of Bristol. The company began operating from a small space on Fulham Road, London, before expanding the business with retail and e-commerce stores. Beginning as a men's shirt maker, the offering has since expanded to include suits, shoes, knitwear, accessories and a collection of business casual wear.
Greg Hodder was the first CEO to be appointed; previously, the company was under the control of founder Nick Wheeler with no formal CEO position. Hodder was CEO 2008–2017, and David Boynton from 2017 to 2018. Michael Stanier briefly was CEO 2018–2019.
Luke Kingsnorth has been the CEO since April 2019.
Charles Tyrwhitt was awarded first place for customer service in the 2011 Sunday Times Profit Track 100 awards.
Charles Tyrwhitt earned awards at the Top 50 Companies For Customer Service Awards, including Best Web Chat, Best E-Retailer, second place for Calls and third for best overall customer service. Charles Tyrwhitt received the Queen's Award for Enterprise for International Trade in 2016.
Mariscal (comida)

El mariscal es un plato típico de la cocina chilena, que se encuentra principalmente en las caletas de pescadores de la zona norte y central de Chile. El mariscal es un plato típico muy pedido por los turistas que visitan el Mercado Central de Santiago, buscando probar la gastronomía chilena. El mariscal tiene dos versiones: uno con productos fríos (tipo cebiche),​ y una que se sirve caliente (tipo paila marina).​
Este plato típico está compuesto de una mezcla de productos marinos (almeja, choritos, machas, colitas de camarones), vino blanco, cebolla, dientes de ajo, perejil, ají amarillo, sal y pimienta.
El origen de este plato es dudoso, pero es sabido que las primeras apariciones de este plato ocurrieron en las caletas de los pescadores, lo que es bastante lógico, ya que los mismos pescadores al quedarse con pequeñas cantidades de mariscos y pescados, los ofrecían con salsa verde y limón a los visitantes de las caletas.
Según la tradición, sirve para reponerse de la resaca producto de una borrachera, ya que minimiza los efectos del alcohol en el cuerpo.​ También se le atribuyen efectos afrodisíacos. Es un plato muy pedido por los turistas que visitan Chile por sus características locales y ser este un país con costa muy extendida.
El mariscal –al igual que el caldillo de congrio o la paila marina– se sirve en una fuente o plato de greda.
Pikilia

El pikilia (del griego ποικιλία poikilía, ‘surtido’) es un plato servido en los restaurantes griegos y que contiene, según el local y el nombre completo del plato, una variedad de productos típicos que se toma como entrante o degustación.
Es frecuente que el pikilia incluya trozos de carne (cerdo, pollo, ternera, salchicha...), patatas o ensalada, y algún pescado o marisco, como pulpo, calamar, gambas, etcétera que se sirva en el restaurante. También es frecuente que incluya pequeñas cantidades de los platos del restaurante, incluso una pequeña cantidad de cada entrante, así como diversas salsas o purés (tzatziki, taramosalata, etcétera) e incluso trozos de spanakotiropita o similar.
El pikilia es un plato común en los restaurantes griegos, y se sirve a menudo como un solo plato para compartir entre todos los comensales.
Picante (guiso)

El picante es un tipo de guiso de origen andino que se elabora con diversos ingredientes, siendo el principal el ají. Su nombre proviene de la pungencia que se siente al probarlo. La persona cuyo oficio es el de preparar picantes es la picantera, mientras que los establecimientos especializados en la venta de picantes son denominados picanterías.​
Según Juan de Arona:
En la cocina peruana se distingue los términos genéricos de picante y ají en cuanto a que sólo los segundos se espesan. Por lo general se pueden elaborar picantes de diversos tipos de ingredientes principales como carne, cuy, mariscos, cochayuyo, callampa, gallina, quinua, aunque los más conocidos son el picante a la tacneña y el picante de pavita a la norteña.​​
Por su parte, en la gastronomía boliviana destaca el picante surtido o el sajta de pollo.
Pollock

Pollock or pollack (pronounced /ˈpɒlək/) is the common name used for either of the two species of North Atlantic marine fish in the genus Pollachius. Pollachius pollachius is referred to as "pollock" in North America, Ireland and the United Kingdom, while Pollachius virens is usually known as saithe or coley in Great Britain and Ireland (derived from the older name coalfish). Other names for P. pollachius include the Atlantic pollock, European pollock, lieu jaune, and lythe or lithe; while P. virens is also known as Boston blue (distinct from bluefish), silver bill, or saithe.
The recognized species in this genus are:
Both species can grow to 130 centimetres (4 feet 3 inches). P. virens can weigh up to 32 kilograms (71 pounds) and P. pollachius can weigh up to 18 kilograms (40 pounds). P. virens has a strongly defined, silvery lateral line running down the sides. Above the lateral line, the colour is a greenish black. The belly is white, while P. pollachius has a distinctly crooked lateral line, grayish to golden belly, and a dark brown back. P. pollachius also has a strong underbite. It can be found in water up to 180 metres (600 feet; 100 fathoms) deep over rocks and anywhere in the water column.
Atlantic pollock is largely considered to be a whitefish. Traditionally a popular source of food in some countries, such as Norway, in the United Kingdom it has previously been largely consumed as a cheaper and versatile alternative to cod and haddock. However, in recent years, pollock has become more popular due to overfishing of cod and haddock. It can now be found in most supermarkets as fresh fillets or prepared freezer items. For example, it is used minced in fish fingers or as an ingredient in imitation crab meat and is commonly used to make fish and chips.
Because of its slightly grey colour, pollock is often prepared, as in Norway, as fried fish balls, or if juvenile-sized, breaded with oatmeal and fried, as in Shetland. Year-old fish are traditionally split, salted, and dried over a peat hearth in Orkney, where their texture becomes wooden. Coalfish can also be salted and smoked and achieve a salmon-like orange color (although it is not closely related to the salmon), as is the case in Germany, where the fish is commonly sold as Seelachs or sea salmon.
In 2009, UK supermarket Sainsbury's briefly renamed Atlantic pollock "colin" in a bid to boost ecofriendly sales of the fish as an alternative to cod. Sainsbury's, which said the new name was derived from the French for cooked pollock (colin), launched the product under the banner "Colin and chips can save British cod."
Pollock is regarded as a "low-mercury fish" – a woman weighing 60 kg (130 lb) can safely eat up to 510 g (18 oz) per week, and a child weighing 20 kg (44 lb) can safely eat up to 170 g (6 oz).
One member of the genus Gadus is also commonly referred to as pollock: the Alaska pollock or walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), including the form known as the Norway pollock. They are also members of the family Gadidae but not members of the genus Pollachius.
Crab dip

Crab dip, sometimes referred to as Maryland crab dip, is a thick, creamy dip that is typically prepared from cream cheese and lump crab meat. Other primary ingredients such as mayonnaise may be used. Various types of crab preparations, species and superfamilies are used, as are a variety of added ingredients. It is typically served hot, although cold versions also exist. Hot versions are typically baked or broiled. It is sometimes served as an appetizer. Accompaniments may include crackers and various breads. Some U.S. restaurants offer crab dip, commercially produced varieties exist, and some stadiums offer it as a part of their concessions.
Fresh, frozen or canned crab meat may be used in the preparation of crab dip. Different types of crab meat may be used, such as jumbo lump, lump backfin, leg and claw, among others. Various types of crab species and superfamilies are also used, such as blue crab, Dungeness crab and Alaska king crab, among others.
Some versions may use mayonnaise, other types of cheese, such as pepper jack cheese, brie cheese or Cheddar cheese instead of or in addition to cream cheese as primary ingredients. Some may incorporate other seafoods in addition to crab, such as imitation crab, lobster, shrimp and surimi. Additional ingredients may include mushrooms, artichoke, onion, green onion, shallot, green pepper, bread crumbs (such as panko), heavy cream and others. Bread crumbs may be used to top the dish, which may be browned during the cooking process creating a crust. Sometimes Parmesan cheese is combined with the bread crumbs. Some versions use Old Bay Seasoning as an ingredient to add flavor, and some are prepared spicy with the addition of ingredients such as hot sauce and red pepper.
Some U.S. restaurants offer crab dip on their menus. Commercially mass-produced crab dips are also manufactured. Crab dip can be prepared in advance, refrigerated, and cooked at a later time. It may be served in bread that has been hollowed-out, such as a sourdough loaf. Crab dip may be served with crackers, flatbread, pita bread, bread, crostino, pretzels and sliced vegetables, among other accompaniments.
The Nationals Park baseball park in the Navy Yard neighborhood of Washington, D.C., the home ballpark for the Washington Nationals, offers a sandwich prepared with a half-smoke, Maryland crab dip and Virginia ham called "The DMV" as part of its concessions. It was reported in August 2014 that Byrd Stadium on the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland planned to offer a large 700 g (1+1⁄2 lb) soft pretzel baked with crab dip and melted cheese that serves four people as part of its concessions. Byrd Stadium also offers other foods prepared with crab, such as nachos and "crab fries".
Eddie V's Prime Seafood

Eddie V's Prime Seafood is an American seafood and steak restaurant chain owned by Darden Restaurants.
The first Eddie V's was opened in Austin, Texas in 2000 by Guy Villavaso and Larry Foles. In 2011, the brand was sold for $59 million cash to Darden Restaurants, and became a part of Darden's Specialty Restaurant Group.
There are 30 Eddie V's restaurants across the United States.
New Mexico True

New Mexico True is a tourism campaign by the New Mexico Tourism Department. This New Mexico program seeks to focus on being "authentic and true in its people, landscape and culture"; the goal being to dismiss misconceptions and misunderstandings of the state, and to create a more cohesive set of statewide tourist destinations, based on personal interests, from New Mexico's various locales. Though it is aimed at broader national and international tourism, it seeks to bring tourists from around neighboring states, Colorado, Arizona, and Texas. The campaign also seeks to educate local businesses and to encourage staycations within the state.
The New Mexico True tourism $2 million campaign by the New Mexico Tourism Department. Though the campaign has been well received, it has been criticized. The first set of criticism was due to the Tourism Department's use of a non-New Mexican advertising agency to create the campaign, Vendor Inc. from Austin, Texas. Though, when Vendor performed surveys on "samplings of travelers", they found the state's basic misunderstandings began at a fundamental level; with the results of the survey being, "'boring;', a 'desert wasteland' where 'there is not a lot to do'; 'artsy' — which is appealing 'you know for an hour'; 'is the lost state' that many travelers drive through to get to neighboring states; does not offer skiing but does have 'beaches'; and apparently includes El Paso." It was from this research that one of the campaigns goals of "combating the negative perceptions about New Mexico" derives. The second negative criticism the campaign faced was when "a California producer", hired by Vendor, made a casting calling for "a light-skinned Hispanic". The New Mexico Tourism Department responded to the criticism by stating that the actor was intended to portray a tourist. They began to proactively pursue local talent, and began to focus on hiring local production companies, like Rio Rancho, New Mexico's CliffDweller Digital to produce shorts like "New Mexico True Stories", and the syndicated educational travel television series New Mexico True Television. They also used an Albuquerque, New Mexico based music group for the campaign's theme song "Feels Like Home".
The New Mexico True Trails are a set of recommended locations divided by interest, and then by location.
Wheatpaste

Wheatpaste (also known as flour and water paste, flour paste, or simply paste) is a gel or liquid adhesive made from wheat flour or starch and water. It has been used since antiquity for various arts and crafts such as bookbinding, découpage, collage, papier-mâché, and adhering paper posters and notices to walls.
A critical difference among wheat pastes is the division between those made from flour and those made from starch. Vegetable flours contain both gluten and starch. Over time the gluten in a flour paste cross-links, making it very difficult to release the adhesive. Using only starch, a fine quality, fully reversible paste can be produced. The latter is the standard adhesive for paper conservation.
Besides wheat, other vegetables also are processed into flours and starches from which pastes can be made: characteristics, such as strength and reversibility, vary with the plant species; manufacturer's processing; and the recipe of the end-user.
A common use is to make chains of paper rings, often from colored construction paper. It can also be used to create papier-mâché. In the fine arts, wheat starch paste is often used in preparation and presentation. A good wheat starch paste has a strength compatible with many paper artifacts, remains reversible over time, is neither too acidic or alkaline, and is white.
Activists and various subculture proponents often use this adhesive to flypost propaganda and artwork. It has also commonly been used by commercial bill posters since the nineteenth century. In particular, it was widely used by nineteenth and twentieth century circus bill posters, who developed a substantial culture around paste manufacture and postering campaigns. In the field of alcohol and nightclub advertising, in the 1890s, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's posters were so popular that instructions were published on how to peel down the pasted posters without damage.
Until the 1970s, commercial poster hangers always "cooked" their own paste, but since then many have bought pre-cooked instant pastes. It is applied to the backside of paper then placed on flat surfaces, particularly concrete and metal as it does not adhere well to wood or plastic. Cheap, rough paper such as newsprint, works well, as it can be briefly dipped in the mixture to saturate the fibres.
When hanging unauthorized billboards or signage, to reduce the danger of being caught, wheatpasters frequently work in teams or affinity groups. In the United States and Canada, this process is typically called "wheatpasting" or "poster bombing", even when using commercial wallpaper paste instead of traditional wheat paste. In the United Kingdom, commercial wheatpasting is called flyposting and wheatpasting associated with urban art is called paste up.
दिवाकर दत्तू शेणवी

आंबे दिनानाथ उर्फ दिवाकर दत्तू शेणवीयांचा जन्म २० एप्रिल १९२४ रोजी सदाशिवगड - कारवार येथे झाला. त्यांच्या वडीलांचे नाव दत्तू उत्तम शेणवी. पुढे ते गोवा मुक्तीसंग्रामात सक्रिय झाले.१९४६ साली सेवादलात कवायती करण्यात ते प्रवीण झाले. त्यांनी १९५४ साली गोवा मुक्तीसंग्रामाशी संबंधित भिंतीपत्रके वितरीत केली. मडगावला २ फेब्रुवारी १९५५ झालेल्या सत्यग्रहात ते सहभागी झाले होते. तेव्हा पोर्तुगीजांनी त्यांना पकडले. लष्करी कोर्टाने ८ वर्षे सक्तमजुरी शिक्षा दिली. प्रतिदिनी ३० एस्कुद, असा दोन वर्षे दंड , १५ वर्षे नागरी हक्क रद्दबातल अशी शिक्षा ठोठावली. १९ जानेवारी १९८१ रोजी त्यांचे निधन झाले.
हापूस आंबा

हापूस ही एक आंब्याची जात आहे. हापूस आंबा त्याच्या उत्तम चवीसाठी व अप्रतिम गोडीसाठी प्रसिद्ध आहे. रत्‍नागिरी आणि देवगड परिसरातील मिळणारा आंबा आहे.
अफोन्सो दि आल्बुकर्क या पोर्तुगीज दर्यावर्दी वरून या आंब्याला अल्फान्सो हे नाव मिळाले. याचा अपभ्रंश होऊन भारतीय भाषांमध्ये याला हापूस असे म्हणतात.
हापूसचे उत्पादन पश्चिम भारतात प्रामुख्याने कोकणात होते. याचा मोसम एप्रिल व मे मध्ये असतो. महाराष्ट्रातील सिंधुदुर्ग, रत्‍नागिरी येथील हापूस आंबे उत्तम मानले जातात.
हापूस पासून आंबापोळी, आंबावडी, आमरस, आम्रखंड, आंबा मोदक इत्यादी पदार्थ बनवले जातात.
हापूस आंब्याला भौगोलिक निर्देशांकासाठी तत्त्वता मान्यता मिळाली आहे. देवगड हापूस आंबा व रत्‍नागिरी हापूस आंबा असे दोन स्वतंत्र भौगोलिक निर्देशांक हापूस आंब्याला बहाल करण्यात आले आहे.
व्यावसायिक

व्यावसायिक व्यक्ती ह्या एक अशा व्यक्ती असतात ज्यांना काही ठराविक कामं करण्यासाठी पैसे दिले जातात व अशी कामं ते आपल्या असामान्य कार्य क्षमते मुळे यशस्वीपणे पार पाडतात. पारंपारिक नाव द्यायची झाली तर डॉक्टर,वकील आणि पाद्री लोक या वर्गीकरणामध्ये येत असत. पण आता हे चित्र बदललेलं आहे. यात आता मालमत्ता हस्तक, पाहणी करणारे ,मोजणी करणारे, शिक्षक ,वेगवेगळे वैज्ञानिक इत्यादी यात मोडतात. आता खेळांमध्ये सुद्धा व्यावसायिक खेळाडू येतात व यामुळे अपरिपक्व खेळाडूंना आपल्या खेळाचा दर्जा उंचावण्यास मदत होते. त्यांना त्याच मानधन सुद्धा मिळते.
स्त्री प्रजनन प्रणाली

मादी प्रजनन प्रणाली अंतर्गत आणि बाह्य लैंगिक अवयवांनी बनलेली असते जी नवीन संततीच्या पुनरुत्पादनात कार्य करते. मानवांमध्ये, मादी प्रजनन प्रणाली जन्माच्या वेळी अपरिपक्व असते आणि गॅमेट्स तयार करण्यास सक्षम होण्यासाठी आणि गर्भाला पूर्ण मुदतीसाठी घेऊन जाण्यासाठी तारुण्यात परिपक्वतेपर्यंत विकसित होते. योनी, गर्भाशय, फॅलोपियन ट्यूब आणि अंडाशय हे अंतर्गत लैंगिक अवयव आहेत. योनी लैंगिक संभोग आणि जन्मास परवानगी देते आणि गर्भाशयाच्या मुखाशी जोडलेली असते. गर्भाशय किंवा गर्भ गर्भामध्ये विकसित होणाऱ्या गर्भाला सामावून घेते. गर्भाशय देखील स्राव निर्माण करतो जे शुक्राणूंना फॅलोपियन ट्यूबमध्ये जाण्यास मदत करते, जेथे शुक्राणू अंडाशयाद्वारे तयार केलेल्या ओवा ( अंडी पेशी )ची फलन करतात. बाह्य लैंगिक अवयवांना जननेंद्रिया म्हणून देखील ओळखले जाते आणि हे लॅबिया, क्लिटॉरिस आणि योनी उघडणे यासह व्हल्व्हाचे अवयव आहेत.
ठराविक अंतराने, अंडाशय एक बीजांड सोडतात, जे फॅलोपियन ट्यूबमधून गर्भाशयात जाते. जर, या संक्रमणामध्ये, ते शुक्राणूंशी भेटले, तर एक शुक्राणू (१-सेल) अंडी किंवा बीजांड (१-सेल) मध्ये प्रवेश करू शकतो आणि विलीन होऊ शकतो, त्याला झिगोट (१-सेल) मध्ये फलित करतो.
फर्टिलायझेशन सामान्यतः फॅलोपियन ट्यूबमध्ये होते आणि भ्रूणजननाची सुरुवात होते. झिगोट नंतर पेशींच्या पुरेशा पिढ्यांमध्ये विभाजित होऊन ब्लास्टोसिस्ट तयार करेल, जे गर्भाशयाच्या भिंतीमध्ये स्वतःचे रोपण करते. यामुळे गर्भधारणेचा कालावधी सुरू होतो आणि पूर्ण मुदतीपर्यंत गर्भाचा विकास होत राहील. जेव्हा गर्भ गर्भाशयाच्या बाहेर टिकून राहण्यासाठी पुरेसा विकसित होतो, तेव्हा गर्भाशयाचे मुख पसरते आणि गर्भाशयाचे आकुंचन नवजात बाळाला जन्म कालव्याद्वारे (योनिमार्गातून) पुढे नेते.
पुरुषांमधील संबंधित समतुल्य पुरुष प्रजनन प्रणाली आहे. स्द्व् फ्व्फ्स्
लुप्तप्राय प्रजाती

लुप्तप्राय प्रजाती ही अशा जीवांची लोकसंख्या आहे ज्यांची संख्या एकतर कमी आहे कारण त्यांची संख्या कमी आहे किंवा पर्यावरणीय किंवा शिकारी मानके बदलल्यामुळे त्यांना धोका आहे. तसेच, ते जंगलतोडीमुळे अन्न आणि/किंवा पाण्याची कमतरता दर्शवू शकते. इंटरनॅशनल युनियन फॉर कॉन्झर्व्हेशन ऑफ नेचर (IUCN) ने २००६ मध्ये मूल्यांकन केलेल्या प्रजातींच्या नमुन्याच्या आधारे, सर्व प्राण्यांसाठी लुप्तप्राय प्रजातींची टक्केवारी ४० टक्के मोजली आहे. (टीप: IUCN सर्व प्रजातींचे त्याच्या संक्षिप्ततेसाठी वर्गीकरण करते) बऱ्याच देशांमध्ये संवर्धनावर अवलंबून असलेल्या प्रजातींचे संरक्षण करण्यासाठी कायदे आहेत: उदाहरणार्थ, शिकार करण्यास मनाई, जमिनीच्या विकासावरील निर्बंध किंवा संरक्षित साइट्सची निर्मिती. नामशेष होण्याच्या धोक्यात असलेल्या अनेक प्रजातींपैकी फक्त काही प्रजाती प्रत्यक्षात यादीत येतात आणि त्यांना कायदेशीर संरक्षण मिळते. अनेक प्रजाती नामशेष होतात किंवा सार्वजनिक गुणधर्माशिवाय नामशेष होतात.
एखाद्या प्रजातीची संवर्धन स्थिती ही त्या धोक्यात असलेल्या प्रजातींच्या अस्तित्वाचे सूचक असते. एखाद्या प्रजातीच्या संवर्धन स्थितीचे मूल्यांकन करताना अनेक घटक विचारात घेतले जातात; केवळ अवशिष्ट संख्याच नाही, तर त्यांच्या लोकसंख्येमध्ये कालांतराने होणारी एकूण वाढ किंवा घट, पुनरुत्पादक यश दर, ज्ञात जोखीम आणि असे इतर घटक. IUCN रेड लिस्ट ही सर्वात व्यापकपणे ओळखली जाणारी संवर्धन स्थिती सूची आहे.
आंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तरावर, 194 देशांनी धोक्यात असलेल्या आणि इतर धोक्यात असलेल्या प्रजातींच्या संवर्धनासाठी जैवविविधता कृती आराखडा विकसित करण्यासाठी करारावर स्वाक्षरी केली आहे. युनायटेड स्टेट्समध्ये या योजनेला सहसा प्रजाती पुनर्प्राप्ती योजना म्हणतात.
Kacchey Limbu

Kacchey Limbu (transl. Unripe Lemons) is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language sports drama film written and directed by Shubham Yogi on his directorial debut. It stars Radhika Madan, Rajat Barmecha, and Ayush Mehra in the lead roles. The film explores the lives of siblings-brother and sister-who are cricket crazy and their bond.
The film premiered at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival and received rave reviews. The film was also screened at the World Film Festival of Bangkok and the International Film Festival of Kerala. The film began streaming on JioCinema on 19 May 2023.
Aditi, who has grown up in the shadow of her brother who was often sidelined earlier due to social norms and restrictions for a typical Indian girl. Meanwhile, Aditi initially wanted to be a fashion designer, but her father wanted her to study medicine and a become doctor. Aditi makes a challenge to his elder brother Aakash, which eventually is going to decide the future pathway of his life, as Aditi bets that if she wins against him in the gully cricket tournament, Akash has to obey his father's wish of attending regular corporate job interviews thereby putting his cricket dream away. Initially, Akash got the green light from his father who encouraged him to take up the sport from childhood but later opposed it as he gave up the hope that his son wouldn't be better if he chose to stick with gully cricket and forced Akash to attend job interviews. Akash clearly had one goal in his life which was to play for the Indian cricket team one day.
Hence, the challenge is set to be a make or break moment for Akash and he accepts to play against his sister in the gully cricket tournament, with perspective-altering results. Aditi somehow manages to assemble a team of rookies and new faces to battle in the gully cricket league known as the Underarm Premier League (UPL) against her brother. Aditi even pulls one of his brother's former teammates to form her team, and she names her team Kacchey Limbu. Initially, the Kacchey Limbu team looked clueless and thin on paper but eventually became a competent team, which gave a run for its money to other teams in the league.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 67% of 6 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6/10.
椀

椀（わん）とは、飯や汁物などを盛るための食器。土製、金属製、木製、石製のものがある。
木製のものを木偏の椀、陶磁器製のものは石偏の碗、金属製のものには金偏の鋺の字を用いる(また金椀：かなまり・かなわんとも呼ぶ)。
複数用途に用いられる食器で汁物の料理以外でも用いられる。水平投影の形状が円、底部が円形に湾曲しており、糸底があり、片手で持ち上げることのできるものを椀と呼ぶ。
大別して飯椀と汁椀、盛椀の三種類がある。同様の料理を入れる食器に鉢があるが、鉢は皿よりも深く、椀よりも浅い開口部の広く開いた形状の器を呼ぶ。
日本で古くから使用されており、正倉院には玉、ガラス、銀、黄銅製のものがある。鎌倉時代には飯椀と汁椀のほかに、壷椀、腰高椀などが現れた。
塗物椀は漆器産地の隆盛を経て近世以降に民衆にまで普及した。磁器製の碗も近世になって量産されるようになったが、全国的に普及したのは鉄道の発達した明治時代になってからである。現代では取り扱いの便利なプラスチック製のものも普及している。
建水

建水（けんすい）とは、茶道具の一つで、茶碗を清めたり温めたりしたときに使った湯や水を捨てるために使うもの。「こぼし」とも言う。材質は陶器、磁器、曲物（木地物）、唐銅や砂張（）（金属器）、近年はアクリル製など軽くて丈夫な物も使用することもある。形状は筒型や桶型、壺型、碗型など、湯を捨てやすいように口は大きく開いている物がほとんどである。
茶道における基本的な使い方は以下の通りである。流派や手前の仕方によって順序には変動がある。
煎茶道では「湯こぼし」とも言われる。材質は金属器が多い。形状は筒型の物が多い。
抹茶用の物との相違点としては、口の部分に蓋のような水切りが付いていることが多い点が挙げられる。ただし流派によっては、抹茶（茶道）用の建水をそのまま使用する流派もある。
ぼてぼて茶

ぼてぼて茶（ぼてぼてちゃ）は、島根県の出雲地方に伝わる庶民の間食である。ウケヂャ、ポテポテ茶とも呼ばれる。日本各地にある振り茶の一種。茶を独特の茶筅で泡立てる際に生じる音が「ぼてぼて茶」の名前の由来である。
奥出雲のたたら製鉄の職人や日本海に出漁する人々が重労働に耐えるために茶飯として利用した労働食だったとされる説のほか、松平不昧の治世に発生した飢饉の際の非常食だったという説や、上流階級の茶の湯に対抗して庶民が考え出した趣味と実益を兼ねた茶法であるとする説もある。古くは桶茶と呼ばれていたところから庶民のものであったと想定される。
昭和初期、柳宗悦提唱の民藝運動とともに出雲名物としてよみがえり、「ぼてぼて茶」と名付けられ、箸を使わず、茶碗の底を叩いて片寄せた具をお茶とともに口に流し込む食べ方へと変わった。一息で口に放り込むように食べるのが通と言われ、野趣味のある食べ物である。
島根県仁多郡や安来市周辺には11月初旬に枝ごと収穫した茶葉を陰干しした後、随時鍋で炒ってから淹れる番茶があり、ぼてぼて茶はこの番茶で作る。八束郡では、これに陰干ししたノギクの花を入れて作るのでキク茶、福茶と呼ばれる。
乾燥した茶葉をやかんにひと握り入れてよく煎じ、同じく陰干しにした茶の花を5～6個加えて沸騰するまで煮たてて少し冷まし、呉須手という腰の高い目の鉄鉢型の茶わんに煮出した番茶を少量入れ、ササラ型の茶筅の先に塩をつけて点てると、抹茶のように泡を生ずる。泡が十分たった時に小さいにぎり飯・赤飯・煮豆・椎茸・高野豆腐・ぜんまい・わらび等の煮〆などを好みによって適宜に入れて食する。飲む茶というよりも食べる茶（茶の子）といった方がよい。
湯冷まし

湯冷まし（ゆざまし）は煎茶道における茶道具の一つ。茶を入れるための湯を冷ます道具である。
形状はピッチャーから取っ手を外したものである。湯の温度を効率よく下げるため、底より口を大きく作ってあることが多い。
この道具は日本独特の茶である玉露抽出のための道具である。玉露を抽出するには60度前後の湯が適温とされる。ボーフラややかんで沸かしたばかりの湯は熱いため、一旦冷まして温度を下げる必要がある。
紅茶や中国茶等の外国の茶道具に類例の道具は存在しない。ただし、中国茶には「茶海」という形状の類似した道具が存在する。この茶海は湯温を下げる道具ではなく、複数の湯呑に注ぐ際に抽出した茶を急須（「茶壺」という）から茶海に移すことで茶の濃度を均一にする道具である。
通常、湯冷ましのみが単独で売られていることは少なく、同じデザインの急須あるいは宝瓶（泡瓶）と茶碗数個とセットになって販売されていることが多い。
急須

急須（きゅうす、中国語：茶壺、英語：Teapot）は、茶葉をいれて茶を抽出するのに使用する容器である。紅茶を抽出する急須は一般にティーポットと呼ぶ。
乾燥させた茶葉を入れ、湯を注いで茶葉が開くのを待ち、傾けて茶を茶碗などに注ぐ。ティーバッグや粉末茶を使うこともできる。
本体と一体化した取っ手（持ち手）が、注ぎ口から見て向かって右側に突き出している製品が多い。取っ手が後ろにある急須や、取っ手がなくても「急須」として売られているタイプもある。取っ手がない急須は手で持ちやすいように断熱性が高い素材を使う場合のほか、ぬるめの湯で入れる宇治茶などに伝統的に使われてきた「宝瓶」（ほうひん、ほうびん）がある。
急須と同じく茶を入れるための道具に土瓶がある。一般に急須は胴と同じ材質の持ち手が胴の横から付いているのに対し、土瓶は胴とは異なる素材の持ち手（竹や籐）が上に付いているものが多い。また、急須は主に玉露や煎茶などを入れるために使われてきたため比較的容量が小さいのに対し（1〜2合）、土瓶は主に番茶などを入れるために使われてきたため容量が大きくなっている（3〜4合）。また、湯沸しに用いられるやかんは、漢字表記では「薬罐」となることからも分かるように、元来は薬湯を煎じ出すための器具である。
英語圏ではティーポットも急須、土瓶も一括りにティーポット（英: Teapot）と呼ばれる。
急須の原型は中国で発明され、アジアでは古くから使用されている。日本では古くは「きびしょ（急焼、急尾焼）」と呼ばれた。青木正児によれば、「急須」は中国・呉（蘇州地方）の方言で酒を温める器、「急焼・急尾焼」は福建の方言で湯を沸かす器のことという。
本来、湯沸しとして用いられていたきびしょを、宝暦年間に高芙蓉が見いだし、池大雅に話したことが「蒹葭堂雑録」に記録されている。その頃から上方で製造がはじまったものと考えられ、当時は酒の燗をつけたり、土瓶として使われていたが、江戸では珍しかった。この土瓶が茶道具に転用されたものとされる。
各喫茶文化圏で独自の発達も見られ、それぞれ補助的な道具が付随することがある。たとえば日本では玉露などの低温の湯でいれる茶葉が発達したため「湯冷まし」を併用することも多い。
素材は陶磁器製が最も一般的である。特に中国の江蘇省宜興窯で作られた紫砂壺は、古来より珍重された。これは無釉の焼締め陶器で、当地で産する粘土は鉄分を多く含んでおり、焼成後は朱茶色や黒紫色を呈することから朱泥、紫泥と呼ばれた。後に日本の萬古焼、常滑焼やイギリスのウェッジウッド窯でもこれを模倣した。日本では急須の主流を朱泥、紫泥の製品が占めている。
日本では伊万里焼、九谷焼、瀬戸焼、薩摩焼などの磁器製も多い。また、備前焼や丹波焼などの焼締め陶器や、美濃焼、萩焼など陶器製のものなど、非常に多くの種類が生産されている。この他鉄製、ステンレス製、アルミニウム製、石製、さらに透明な耐熱ガラス・樹脂製のものもある。
急須は急須本体（胴、口、手）と蓋からなり、急須本体と蓋の間にガタつきがなく隙間のない「すり合わせ」のよいものが良品とされている。
香りを楽しむには筒型の急須がより良いといわれている。一方で撚りが強く針状の茶葉をよく開かせるには平型の急須が良いといわれる。
なお、急須の注ぎ口に付いているビニールの覆いは輸送時の破損を防ぐための保護具（保護チューブ）であり開梱後は取り外す必要がある。チューブを付けたままだと、そこに汚れが溜まり雑菌が繁殖しやすいという問題もある。また、食品衛生法に適合していない物は、熱湯を注ぐと有害物質が溶け出すおそれがある。
一方、注ぎ口保護・尻漏り防止目的に、注ぎ口に取り付けるゴムも販売されている。
急須を含む茶を注ぐ道具は取っ手の位置や有無によって以下の四種類に分類される。このうち急須と呼べるものは横手の物のみであるという見解もある。
茶葉の細かい日本茶で、茶袋（ティーバッグ）を用いず茶をいれる場合、茶碗に細かい茶葉が入るのを防ごうと思えば、急須の中に茶漉しが必要となる。特に第二次世界大戦後、茶の製法の変化から目詰まりしにくいステンレス製の茶こしを付けた急須が普及した。
なお、茶漉しがなく、蓋と本体の隙間から茶を注ぐものを特に絞り出しと呼び、宝瓶に多くみられる。
緑茶を抽出する容器が急須と呼ばれて、主に中国・日本で独自に発達したのに対して、日本でも近年徐々にファンを増やしている紅茶を抽出する急須は一般にティーポット（Teapot）と英語で呼ばれるようになり、主にヨーロッパで発展してきた。両急須の違いは、紅茶用のは抽出と保存を行うために内部が大きめで、背も高いものが多い。緑茶用のは抽出のみを行うので小さ目で、茶を急須に残すと渋茶になり、これは好まれない。材質も、紅茶用は陶磁・金属を含めて色彩も豊かで、下から火で温めるもの（サモワールなど）まで作られてきたが、緑茶用は伝統的に陶器が使われてきて、色彩も控えめである。
神谷浩史・小野大輔のDearGirl〜Stories〜

『神谷浩史・小野大輔のDearGirl〜Stories〜』（かみやひろし・おのだいすけのディアガールストーリーズ）は、文化放送で放送されているラジオ番組。
声優である神谷浩史と小野大輔がストーリーテラーとなって「親愛なるラジオの前のたった1人の『アナタ』のため」（Dear girl）に物語を届ける。携帯サイト「アニメロミックス Dear Girl」や雑誌『シルフ（旧名comic SYLPH）』や『電撃Girl's Style』の企画と連動している。
2016年3月27日に発表された第2回アニラジアワードにおいて、「RADIO OF THE YEAR 最優秀ラジオ大賞」、「BEST MALE RADIO 最優秀男性ラジオ賞」を受賞した。
2020年9月13日、番組公式のニコニコチャンネルを開設。録り下ろしの音声コンテンツ「裏談話室」や過去の放送を再編集したディレクターズカット版、動画コンテンツやブロマガ等が有料会員向けに配信されている。また、第701話より、このニコニコチャンネルと文化放送エクステンドの公式YouTubeチャンネルにおいて放送のアーカイブが無料で配信されている。
毎年、ある時期になると恒例で行われる企画。
ラジオタイトルである「DearGirl〜Stories〜」に因んで各回を「第〜話」と呼んでいる。番組終了時のあいさつも、「DearGirl〜Stories〜、第〜話に続く!」となっている。
各話にはそれぞれにサブタイトルが付けられており、ストーリーテラーである小野が毎回読み上げている。
サブタイトル名は各回の前打合せ中に構成作家が付けているが、第19話と第21話、第402話、第552話は構成作家がタイトルを付け忘れたため、小野大輔がその場で考え読み上げた。第678話ではタイトルを付け忘れたまま進行されエンディングにて発表された異例もある。番組内で小野が読み上げるサブタイトルは、番組が始まる直前に構成作家が小野にしか教えていないため、小野が読み上げるまで神谷はサブタイトルを知らない状態になっている。
ただし、第108話（小野大輔聖誕祭）のようにその日の番組内容自体を小野が知らされていない場合は、神谷が読み上げる時もある。
2017年から毎年4月始めの改編期にオープニングテーマ・エンディングテーマが新しくされている。
以前は毎年10月始めの改編期にオープニングテーマ・エンディングテーマが新しくされていた。
番組開始当初は不定期に変更されていた。
前述の携帯サイト内に番組HPがあり、毎週放送後にトップの写真、『第〜話の隙間』が更新される。
『第〜話の隙間』には、スタッフの雑記と収録風景の写真が掲載されている。当初は誰でも全ての写真を見ることが出来たが、現在は1ページ目以降の写真はアニメロミックス会員にしか見ることが出来ないようになっている。
上記のページ以外にも七夕に放送された回や、上述の「どり☆すた」で収録された回など、特設ページができることもある。神谷浩史と小野大輔が番組内のコーナーで描いた似顔絵の携帯待受け画像や、DG5が揃った際には特別なボイスの配信もされた。
同サイトでは声優の着ボイスも配信しており、ストーリーテラー2人のボイス配信の際には「メカひろC」「メカおのD」として番組内でとりあげた。番組CD内でもこの着ボイスを使用したコーナーが設けられている。
作画をいわさき砂也、原作を諏訪勝が担当。アスキー・メディアワークス発行の少女漫画誌シルフに連載されていた。
作画を氷堂れん、原作を諏訪勝が担当。現在アスキー・メディアワークス発行の少女漫画誌シルフで連載されていた。
2010年10月23日よりシネ・リーブル池袋（東京）、シネ・リーブル梅田(大阪)、センチュリーシネマ（愛知）にて公開が開始され他劇場でも順次公開し、全国26館での上映となった。
当初、池袋でレイトショーのみの公開となっていたが、モーニング公開追加、他映画館上映などが公開前から決定され、最終的に公開日から昼の時間の上映も開始された。
劇場版公式サイトも開設され、内田プロデューサーのTwitterとともに情報が更新されている。
ラジオ本編の第160話、第161話で放送された牛久市でのロケを編集したものとなっている（ラジオでは三石琴乃のナレーションがついていたが、劇場版はない）。
シネ・リーブル池袋では『DGS EXPO』と題し、『DearGirl〜Stories〜響』のつなぎや映画の中で代永翼が着用したカッパの衣装などが公開された。
2011年2月24日に発売された『Dear Girl〜Stories〜Birthday Disc2010 神谷浩史聖誕祭ラジオCD』にDVD特典として収録されている 。
2013年11月24日に開催された『Dear Girl〜Stories〜 Dear Boy祭』にて劇場第二弾の公開が発表され、2014年2月15日より全国ロードショーされた。超！A&Gショップ等でDVD/Blu-ray販売中 。
2017年11月25日より前編『〜六人の龍馬編〜』、2018年1月6日より後編『〜蒼の継承編〜』が全国ロードショーされた。
前編『〜六人の龍馬編〜』は2018年12月6日より超！A&Gショップ、アニメイト店頭にてDVD/Blu-ray販売中。 後編『〜蒼の継承編〜』は2018年12月20日より、同じく超！A&Gショップ、アニメイト店頭にてDVD/Blu-ray販売中 。
Loose Park

Loose Park is the third largest park in Kansas City, Missouri, located at 51st Street and Wornall Road. It has a lake, a shelter house, Civil War markers, tennis courts, a water park, picnic areas, and a Rose Garden. The Rose Garden hosts all types of outdoor special events including theatrical performances and wedding ceremonies. The Japanese Tea Room and Garden is a small traditional Japanese garden conceived as a cultural exchange between the sister cities of Kurashiki, Japan and Kansas City, Missouri.
The original pasture belonged to Kansas City pioneer Seth Ward. During the Battle of Westport in American Civil War Confederate General Sterling Price is said to have to commanded his forces from gun emplacements on what became the south end of the park.
In 1897, Ward leased the land to the Kansas City Country Club for its first golf course. In 1907 J.C. Nichols bought land around the course to form the Country Club District and Country Club Plaza. In 1925 when the golf club moved to Mission Hills, Kansas the land became a city park. In 1926, Ella Loose bought the property from the Hugh Ward estate (the son of Seth Ward) so that it could be made into a park to honor her husband, Jacob Loose. She gave the property to the city in 1927. Jacob Loose founded the Loose-Wiles Biscuit Company, which produced Sunshine Biscuits and other products.
In 1957, the Loose Park Garden Center was built at 5200 Pennsylvania Avenue for meetings and horticultural exhibitions of various kinds. The garden center has two large meeting rooms with small kitchens attached to the meeting rooms.
In 1977, international artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude selected Loose Park for their art installation concept called Wrapped Walk Ways, consisting of 135,000 sq ft (12,500 m) of orange-yellow colored shiny nylon fabric and a budget reportedly exceeding US$130,000 (equivalent to $674,558 in 2024). Mayor Charles Wheeler presented Christo with a key to the city for this brief project, which Christo described as "exquisite" and deserving of national front-page coverage.
In 1979 Neal Patterson, Cliff Illig and Paul Gorup founded the Cerner Corporation while on a picnic in the park.
In 2006, the Japanese Tea Room and Garden was dedicated as a small traditional Japanese garden. It was conceived as a cultural exchange between the Sister Cities of Kurashiki, Japan and Kansas City, Missouri.
Firehiwot Dado

Firehiwot Tufa Dado (born January 9, 1984, in Assela, Arsi) is a female long-distance runner from Ethiopia, who won the New York City Marathon in 2011 with a personal best time of 2:23:15 hours. She also took three consecutive victories in the Rome City Marathon.
She has also competed in 10K competitions and was the 2008 winner of the Casablanca Women's Run. She made her marathon debut that year at the Košice Peace Marathon and managed to finish as runner-up on her first attempt. She received a late-minute invitation to run the Rome City Marathon in March 2009 and went on to surprise the field by winning the race in a time of 2:27:08 hours – over ten minutes faster than her previous best. Her second race over the distance that year came at the Frankfurt Marathon, where she again finished under two and a half hours to take fourth place. Firehiwot won the Boulogne-Billancourt Half Marathon in November with a course record time of 1:09:26 – the first time a woman had run under an hour and ten minutes at the race.
She fell back in the second half the 2010 Mumbai Marathon, eventually taking fifth place, but returned to form at the Rome Marathon, where she defended her title in a best of 2:25:28 hours She set a previous personal best of 2:25:28 in the classic distance on March 21, 2010, in Rome, Italy. The 2010 Fifth Third River Bank Run saw her break the course record for the 25K race, beating Joan Samuelson's time which had stood since 1986. She won the Florence Marathon that year, beating second-placed Meseret Mengistu by almost two minutes.
Firehiwot took an unprecedented third straight title in Rome in 2011 and knocked over a minute off her best in the process, completing the race in 2:24:13 hours. She established herself among the world's foremost women marathon runners with a victory at the 2011 New York City Marathon, where she held off Buzunesh Deba and Mary Keitany to win in a time of 2:23:15 hours. She opened her 2012 season with a course record win at the New York City Half Marathon, where she maintained a fast starting pace to hold off Kim Smith and set a new best of 1:08:35 hours. The 2012 Boston Marathon was undertaken in warm conditions and she managed fourth place behind a Kenyan trio. She won the 2014 Prague Marathon in a time of 2:23:34 as six Ethiopians finished in the top six in the women's competition.
Sultan Haydar

Sultan Haydar (pronounced [sulˈtan ˈhajdaɾ]; born Chaltu Girma Meshesha, 23 May 1987 in Golerogi, Ethiopia) is an Ethiopian-born Turkish long-distance runner. The 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall athlete at 55 kg (121 lb) was a member of Enkaspor, where she was coached by Nikola Borić.
Haydar is currently serving a 30 month competition ban set to expire in July 2026 in relation to an anti-doping rule violation.
Haydar started off her career representing Ethiopia as a middle-distance runner and was the bronze medalist in the 800 metres at the 2005 African Junior Athletics Championships. She transferred her eligibility to Turkey in 2008.
Haydar's first competition for Turkey was the 2008 European Cross Country Championships. She started the women's under-23 race quickly but yielded her early lead and dropped out at the halfway point. She was the 1500 metres gold medalist at the 2009 European Athletics U23 Championships, then won the under-23 race at the 2009 European Cross Country Championships later that year. At the beginning of 2011 she made her debut over the half marathon and recorded a time of 1:10:02 hours for seventh place at the high calibre RAK Half Marathon. She ran in the 1500 m at the 2010 European Athletics Championships, but failed to finish her heat. She turned to the 3000 metres at the 2011 European Athletics Indoor Championships, where she set a personal best of 9:03.50 minutes to win her heat, but was slower in the final, coming in ninth place. Outdoors, she competed for Turkey on home soil for the First League of the 2011 European Team Championships and won the 3000 m in a long-distance event sweep with Alemitu Bekele Degfa and Binnaz Uslu. Haydar also won the bronze in the 1500 m.
She was the leader for much of the 2011 Istanbul Marathon, but slowed after 35 km and eventually finished seventh. The 2012 Paris Marathon saw her establish herself as a top level marathon runner. In spite of being well-beaten by winner Tirfi Tsegaye Beyene, Haydar improved her best by over ten minutes to set a Turkish national record mark of 2:25:07 hours in second place.
Sultan Haydar qualified for participation in the marathon event at the 2012 Summer Olympics but managed only 72nd place with a slow time of 2:38:26 hours. She ended the year with a third-place finish at the Istanbul Marathon. In her first marathon of 2013, she came third at the Rome City Marathon with a time of 2:27:10 hours. On 17 November 2013 Sultan Haydar repeated her third-place success at the Istanbul Marathon finishing with 2.29.40 after her countrywoman Elvan Abeylegesse.
Following a provisional suspension in June 2024, in March 2025 Haydar was served with a 30 month competition ban set to expire in July 2026 for an anti-doping rule violation after failing to submit to a test in January 2024. In addition, all her results were disqualified from 31 January 2024 onwards.
Marathons at the World Athletics Championships

The marathon at the World Championships in Athletics has been contested by both men and women since the inaugural edition in 1983. It is the second most prestigious global title in the discipline after the marathon at the Olympics. From 1997 to 2011 it hosted the World Marathon Cup team event. It currently forms part of the World Marathon Majors circuit, which includes the six top annual races. The competition format has separate men's and women's races, which both serve as a straight final. Participation typically numbers between sixty and eighty runners per race. The event usually starts and ends in the main stadium, with the rest of the race taking place on the surrounding roads of the host city.
The championship records for the event are 2:06:54 hours for men, set by Abel Kirui in 2009, and 2:20:57 hours for women, set by Paula Radcliffe in 2005. The world record has never been broken or equalled at the competition by either men or women, reflecting the lack of pacemaking and athletes' more tactical approach to championship races.
Catherine Ndereba and Edna Kiplagat are the most successful athletes of the event, having each won two gold medals and one silver medal in the women's marathon. In addition, Kiplagat finished top five in five consecutive World Athletics Championship Marathons from 2011-2019. Three other athletes have won the World Championships marathon twice: Abel Antón, Jaouad Gharib, and Abel Kirui – all of whom along with Edna Kiplagat had back-to-back victories.
Kenya is the most successful nation in the discipline, having won ten gold medals overall (five in each division). Ethiopia is the next most successful, with six gold medallists. Spain has won three gold medals.
Patrick Dupouy of French Polynesia became the oldest male competitor of World Championships history in 2007, at the age of 46 years and 85 days. Under current regulations, the records for the youngest participants will remain indefinitely as any athlete in the junior category (under-20) that year, or younger, is ineligible to enter the marathon.
The first doping ban to effect the World Championships marathon came in 2001, when Italy's Roberto Barbi (60th in the men's race) was disqualified. Original eighth-placer Nailiya Yulamanova was disqualified from the 2009 women's race and another Russian, Mikhail Lemayev, had his result annulled from the men's race that year. Biological passport irregularities saw Abderrahim Goumri's runs in 2009 and 2011 retrospectively annulled. The anti-doping programme at the 2013 championships saw Jeremías Saloj disqualified from the men's race for doping.
5000 metres at the Olympics

The 5000 metres at the Summer Olympics has been contested since the fifth edition of the multi-sport event. The men's 5000 m has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1912. The 3000 metres was the first women's Olympic long-distance track event, making its initial appearance at the 1984 Olympics, and this distance was extended to match the men's event from 1996 onwards. It is the most prestigious 5000 m race at elite level. The competition format typically has two qualifying heats leading to a final between fifteen athletes.
The Olympic records for the event are 12:57.82 minutes for men, set by Kenenisa Bekele in 2008, and 14:26.17 minutes for women, set by Vivian Cheruiyot in 2016. At the inaugural 1912 Olympic 5000 metres, Hannes Kolehmainen set the first official IAAF world record for the event. However, this remains the only time that the 5000 metres world record has been broken in Olympic competition. The best time recorded for the women's Olympic 3000 m was 8:26.53 minutes by Tetyana Dorovskikh (then Samolenko) at the 1988 Seoul Olympics; the world record for that event was not improved during an Olympic race.
Only three athletes have won multiple titles in the event. Lasse Virén became the first with his back-to-back wins in 1972 and 1976, while Meseret Defar became the first woman to win two titles in 2012, having previously won in 2004. Mo Farah became the third person with multiple titles, and the second with back-to-back wins, in 2012 and 2016. Three athletes have reached the podium on three occasions: Defar was also the 2008 bronze medallist, Tirunesh Dibaba won medals from 2004 to 2012, and Paavo Nurmi won medals in the period from 1920 to 1928. Historically, athletes in this event have also had success in the 10,000 metres at the Olympics. The winner of the men's Olympic 5000 m has completed a long-distance track double on nine occasions, the most recent being Farah at the 2016 Rio Olympics. Tirunesh Dibaba is the only woman to complete this double, having done so at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
Ethiopia is the most successful nation in the event, having taken six gold medals and fifteen medals in total. The next most successful nation, depending on definition, is either Finland or Kenya. In terms of gold medals, Finland is equal with Ethiopia at six, but has a total of twelve overall medals to Ethiopia's 15. Finland's period of great success in the 1920s and 1930s led to the wide usage of the nickname the Flying Finns; Kaarlo Maaninka was the last Finnish athlete to medal over 5000 m, in 1980. Kenya have won fourteen medals in the 5000 m, second only to Ethiopia in total medals in the event, although John Ngugi and Vivian Cheruiyot are the only Kenyans to have won Olympic gold.
Sulat Tagbanwa

Ang Tagbanwa ay isa sa mga kaparaanan ng pagsusulat na katutubo sa Pilipinas, na ginagamit ng mga Tagbanwa at mga Palawano bilang kanilang katutubong sistema ng pagsusulat at iksrip.
Namamatay ang mga wikang Tagbanwa (Aborlan, Calamian at Sentral), na mga wikang Austronesyo na may halos 25,000 kabuuang nagsasalita sa gitnang at hilagang bahagi ng Palawan, dahil ang mga kabataan ng Tagbanwa ay nag-aaral at gumagamit ng mga di-tradisyonal na wika, tulad ng Cuyonon at Tagalog, at sa gayon ay umuunti ang kanilang kaalaman ng kanilang sariling katutubong pamanang pangkultura. Mayroong mga panukala upang muling pasiglahin ang sulat sa pagtuturo nito sa mga pampublikong at pribadong paaralan na may mga populasyon ng Tagbanwa.
Ginamit ang Tagbanwa sa Pilipinas hanggang ika-17 siglo. Malapit na kaugnayan sa Baybayin, pinaniniwalaan na nanggaling ito mula sa sulat Kawi ng Java, Bali at Sumatra, na nagmula naman sa sulat Pallava, isa sa mga katimugang Indiyanong sulat na nagmula sa Brahmi.
Ang Tagbanwa ay isang alpasilabaryo kung saan ang bawat katinig ay may likas na pantig /a/. Ipinapahiwatig ang mga ibang patinig sa pamamagitan ng tuldik sa itaas (para sa /i/) o sa ibaba (para sa /u/) ng katinig. Kinakatawan ang mga patinig sa simula ng mga pantig ng kani-kanilang mga nag-iisang titik. Ang mga pantig na nagwawakas sa katinig ay isinusulat nang walang huling katinig. Naiiba ang Tagbanwa sa Baybayin sa mga hugis ng iilang mga titik, tulad ng ‹k› at ‹w› na ibang-iba sa mga ibang uri ng Baybayin.
Ayon sa kaugalian, isinusulat ang Tagbanwa sa kawayan sa mga patayo na tudling mula ibaba pataas at mula kaliwa pakanan. Gayunpaman, binabasa ito mula kaliwa pakanan sa mga pahalang na linya.
Gumagamit ang Tagbanwa ng solong (Padron:Script/Tagbanwa) at dobleng (Padron:Script/Tagbanwa) pananda.
Noong ika-20 siglo, kinuha ang sulat na ito mula sa mga Tagbanwa ng mga Palawano dako pa sa katimugan ng pulo. 'Ibalnan' ang tawag sa sulat na ito at ulit ang tawag sa pananda ng patinig.
Idinagdag ang sulat Tagbanwa sa Pamantayang Unicode noong Marso, 2002 sa paglabas ng bersyong 3.2.
Ang bloke ng Tagbanwa sa Unicode ay U+1760–U+177F:
Estruktura at ahensiya

Sa mga agham panlipunan mayroong nangyayaring debate sa halaga ng estruktura o ahensiya sa paghubog ng ikinikilos ng tao. Ang estruktura ay ang pabalik-balik na pag-aayos na nakaiimpluwensiya o nakalilimita ng mga mayroong pagpipilian at pagkakataon. Ang ahensiya ay ang kakayahan ng mga indibidwal na kumilos nang malaya at makagawa ng mga sariling malayang pagpipilian. Ang debateng estruktura laban ahensiya ay maiintindihan bilang isang isyu ng pakikipagkapuwa laban sa autonomiya sa pagpasiya na kung ang isang indibidwal ay kumikilos bilang isang malayang kumakatawan o sa pamamaraang idinidikta ng estrukturang panlipunan.
Ang lathalaing ito ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.