davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
CS/VP3 MRAP

The CS/VP3 MRAP (Chinese: CS/VP3型防地雷反伏击车; pinyin: CS/VP3 xíng fáng dìléi fǎn fújí chē) also known as the CS/VP3 Bigfoot is a MRAP developed by Poly Technologies and manufactured by Changan Automobile in China. It was unveiled in China at the China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition 2012 in Zhuhai, China, and overseas at the 2012 DSA defense exhibition in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
China's increased operations with the United Nations peacekeeping forces increased its demand for such a vehicle. It has not previously owned a domestically produced MRAP and instead relied on IFVs and APCs to carry out operations.
China began negotiations with privately owned South African company Mobile Land Systems (MLS) in 2009 to develop the CAPRIVI-Mk1 (CS/VP3) MRAP in conjunction with Changan Automobile. At the beginning of 2010, MLS provided Changan Automobile with three CAPRIVI-Mk1s for testing, nine new vehicles in loose parts, and also provided training to Chinese engineers. The total value of the contract was 40 million rand (about $6 million), including the transfer of technology and licenses.
The CS/VP3 is designed to provide secure transportation for combat personnel and equipment under the threat of anti-tank mines. The vehicle is based on a V-shaped hull and a fully-suspended 4x4 all-wheeled arrangement. A V-shaped hull deflects under-vehicle blasts away from its occupants and key driving components.
All-welded steel armour is used, and a ballistic protection level of BR-3 to BR-7 can be customised upon order. The hull can withstand blasts from 8 kg of TNT, and the wheels can withstand blasts from 16 kg of TNT.
The engine compartment is located at the front of the vehicle. The engine is a diesel-fueled engine of unknown make, design, and model, and provides 260 horsepower, allowing the car to reach the maximum speed of 92 km/h. The crew is located in the middle, with the infantry compartment in the rear, with five seats on each side, facing inward. There are many external storage compartments to carry equipment such as ammunition.
The crew cabin has two doors on both sides, and the infantry cabin has one rear door as well as an emergency door to the right.
There are four bulletproof windows on both sides of the vehicle, all with firing ports in the centre. There are two large bulletproof windows in the front of the crew compartment, with a firing port in the bottom-right corner of the right-side window. There is also a bulletproof window in the rear window on the rear door, with a firing port in the middle.
4 Bourdillon

4 Bourdillon is one of the tallest residential buildings in West Africa. It is located on the corner of Bourdillon and Thompson Road, Ikoyi, Lagos. It is a Twin Tower of 25 Floors comprising 41 apartments (Flats, Duplex Flats and Duplex Penthouses). The 41 Units have 3 and 4 Bedroom Flats and 5-Bedroom Duplex Flats and Duplex Penthouses.
The building's other features include greenery, water-bodies, swimming pools, tennis court, gym and clubhouse with underground parking. It's penthouses have roof gardens and curved balconies. It's glazed balustrade allows a 360-degree view of Lagos Island.
The building was designed by architects Design Group Nigeria, P&T group and developed by Kaizen Properties and El-Alan Group. El-Alan was also the main contractor. Construction started in 2015 and completed in early 2020.
List of tallest buildings in Nigeria
1004 Estate

1004 Housing Estate is an 11-hectare housing estate in Victoria Island, Lagos. Originally named Federal Housing Estate, Lagos and designed by Isaac Fola-Alade, it was constructed in the 1970s as the biggest of its type at the time. The estate has 4 clusters of residential multistory condominiums; 6 high rise buildings and 4 low rise buildings comprising over 1000 apartments. Built as a luxurious residence for families of senators and members of the House of Representatives, the estate opened in 1979. After the federal capital was moved to Abuja, it was subsequently occupied by senior federal civil servants. The estate has also been the abode of expatriates. In 2004, the estate was sold to UACN Property Development Company. In 2007, the estate was involved in a bidding process by the government to hand over maintenance to private property developers. The deal worth 7 billion Naira was Nigeria's single largest property transaction that year.
The 1004 estate has been rocked by countless controversies since the transfer ownership from the Federal Government occurred . The 1004 now the abode of expatriates and other private individuals have had to deal with various issues some bordering on embezzlement, fraud, theft and insecurity. In 2021 a man leapt to his death for fear of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, an agency in charge of corrupt practices.
The residents of the estate claim that security agencies in charge of the estate aid criminals who tamper with their electricity and property. The cry of help directed to the government . The Lagos State Assembly Committee for housing paid a surprise visit to investigate the crisis rocking the estate.
Abuja National Mosque

The Abuja National Mosque (Arabic: الجامع الوطني أبوجا), also known as the Nigerian National Mosque, is the national mosque of Nigeria. The mosque was built in 1984 and is open to the non-Muslim public, except during congregational prayers.
After the demise of the chief imam, Sheikh Musa Muhammad in 2015, the position of a Chief Imam was abolished.
On 9 October 2017, with approval of the Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs, the Abuja National Mosque Management Board was dissolved under the chairmanship to of Alh. Yahaya Abubakar, the Etsu Nupe was also dissolved and in its stead a Sole Administrator, to be addressed as the Murshid of the National Mosque, was appointed in the person of Professor Shehu Ahmad Said Galadanci, CON as well as three Imams who were hitherto addressed as Deputy Chief Imams were appointed as coequal Imams of National Mosque to assist the Murshid. They are Prof. Ibrahim Ahmad Maqari, Sheikh Ahmad Onilewura and Dr. Muhammad Kabir Adam. The Murshid assumed duty on 15 November 2017, combining the post of Chief Imam and Administrative Head of the National Mosque.
Prof. Galadanci doubles as the murshid (grand instructor, spiritual guide or general administrator).
Formally, the board of the management is headed by Ibrahim Dasuki, the 18th sultan of Sokoto and president-general of the Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs in April 1992 but presently, the management board is under the chairmanship of Yahaya Abubakar.
Aims Construction Limited was awarded the project of building the mosque and they completed the project in 1985.
On 2 December 2024,with approval of the Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs, Dr Abdulkadir Salman Jummu'ah Solagberu the first Maalami Ubandoma of Ilorin emirates and also the founder of Darul Kitaab Wa Sunnah of Arabic and Islamic studies was appointed as the new elect Chief Imam of the central mosque of Abuja Nigeria.
The mosque is located in the capital city, Abuja, and is situated on Independence Avenue, across from the National Christian Centre. It includes a library and a conference room.
The complex includes a conference centre capable of serving six hundred persons, the office for the Islamic Centre, and residential facilities for the imams and muazzins. During construction, the general contractors were Lodigiani Nigeria Ltd., while design consultancy was provided by AIM Consultants Ltd.
Cocoa House

Cocoa House is a skyscraper in Nigeria. It was completed in July 1964 and commissioned in July 1965, by the government of Western Region, headed by Chief Samuel Ladoke Akintola. At a height of 105 metres, it was the first skyscraper in West Africa, and was, from 1965 to 1979, the tallest building in Nigeria.
It is located in Dugbe, a major commercial area in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. It was built from proceeds of agricultural commodities (e.g., Cocoa, Rubber, Timber) of the then Western State of Nigeria.
The building today houses offices for major firms and broadcasting companies. Odu’a Investment Company Limited occupies three floors of Cocoa House. The Odua Museum and Hall of Fame which was commissioned by Professor Wole Soyinka in 2013.
The initial name given to the 26-storey building was 'Ile Awon Agbe', translating from Yoruba to 'House of Farmers' in English.
The name was later changed to Cocoa House because it was built with proceeds from cocoa exportation and also because there was a cocoa tree planted in front of the building just beside a water fountain. The building, belonging to the Odua Investment Company Limited, became a source of joy and pride for the residents of Ibadan and Nigeria as a whole.
The 26-storey building was proposed by Obafemi Awolowo with allocations from the proceeds of cocoa exportation and commissioned by the National Investment and Property Company (NIPC), a property development company set up by the government.
The entire building was gutted by fire on January 9, 1985, which began in the top floors from malfunctioning electrical equipment. It was closed from public use until it was renovated in August 1992 and re-opened for commercial use.
The building is managed by Wemabod Estates Limited, a subsidiary of O'dua group of companies. It is the property of Odu'a Investment Company Limited.
7°23′16″N 3°52′45″E﻿ / ﻿7.38786°N 3.87926°E﻿ / 7.38786; 3.87926
List of countries by road network size

This is a list of countries (or regions) by total road network size, both paved and unpaved. Also included is additional data on road network density and the length of each country or region's controlled-access highway network (also known as a motorway, expressway, freeway, etc.), designed for high vehicular traffic.
Unless otherwise noted, the data is from the United States's Central Intelligence Agency.
Links go to the relevant road network page, when available.
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
Transport in Togo

Transportation in the country of Togo is by road, rail, water or air.
total: 568 km (2008) narrow gauge: 568 km of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge
total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (2000)
The Trans–West African Coastal Highway crosses Togo, connecting it to Benin and Nigeria to the east, and Ghana and Ivory Coast to the west. When construction in Liberia and Sierra Leone is finished, the highway will continue west to seven other Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) nations. A paved highway also connects Togo northwards to Burkina Faso and from there north-west to Mali and north-east to Niger.
50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall. (2011))
total: 62 ships ships by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 38, carrier 3, chemical tanker 5, container 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2010)
8 (2012)
total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2012)
total: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2012)
Josh2Funny

Chibuike Josh Alfred, professionally known as Josh2Funny, is a Nigerian comedian, actor and musician.
Josh2Funny was born in Anambra State on 18 December 1990. He moved to Lagos with his parents when he was eight years old. He shot into the limelight when his skit #DontLeaveMe went viral. He went viral again from playing trick of #fastest reader in the world at America's Got Talent.
Josh is married and had a child in 2022.
In October 2022, Josh released a viral sketch in which he plays a speed reader named Ebenezer. He read 1,679 page books within two seconds.
Buchi (comedian)

Onyebuchi Ojieh, known by his stage name Buchi (born April 4, 1979) is a Nigerian comedian, composer, writer, and actor from Delta State, Nigeria.
Buchi was born in Kwale Ndokwa West, Delta State, south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. He attended D.S.C Nursery and Primary School and Ovwian Secondary School in Ovwian, Warri. After secondary school, he attended Bendel State University (now known as the Ambrose Alli University), where he studied law.
Buchi began his comedy career in 2008, after he was introduced to comedian Tee A, who invited Buchi to his show Tee-A Live N Naked. Show in Lagos. This led to meetings with other comedians, such as Ali Baba and Opa Williams, who gave Buchi a spot on his Nite of A 1000 Laughs show. Buchi has performed alongside other comedians, such as I Go Dye, I Go Save, Basketmouth, and Bovi, among others.
Mr Funny

Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Ejekwu (born 30 January 1995), known as Mr Funny or Oga Sabinus, is a Nigerian comedian, content creator, actor and skit maker.
Mr Funny was born on 30 January 1995 in Rivers State. He had his early education in Port Harcourt and went on to acquire his Bachelor's Degree in Linguistics and Communication Studies from the University of Port Harcourt.
Mr Funny's career started in 2015 but he began to see mainstream success in 2019. He was nominated in the 2021 maiden edition of The Humour Awards Academy alongside fellow comedian Basketmouth. Mr Funny discovered his comedy talent at a young age. He began actively doing comedy skits while he was in university. This was in 2015 during a particular School Student Union week. Mr Funny decided to pursue his career further by uploading various comedy skits on his social media handles, especially Instagram.
Soon enough, he started getting noticed by Nigerian top Instagram influencers who started sharing his skits and his followers on the platform grew. Mr. Funny broke into the comedy industry in 2019.
His popularity has earned some notable recognition. Oga Sabinus is the brand ambassador for a popular betting site: Oddstackr and many others. Some of his role models who have influenced him in his comedy career are Mr Ibu and Charles Inojie.
He won the Best Male Skit Maker category of the year in the Legit.ng Awards 2022. He was nominated alongside Funnybros, Mr Macaroni and Broda Shaggi.
Mr Funny has also featured in multiple Nollywood movies, the likes of 'Billionaire's Bride', 'Man of War' etc.
Layi Wasabi

Isaac Olayiwola, better known by the stage name Layi Wasabi, is a Nigerian comedian and actor.
He won the award for Best Content Creator at the 2024 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards.
His acting credits include roles in Everybody Loves Jenifa, Aníkúlápó and Adire, the latter of which took ₦31 million at the box office.
Cantón Centinela del Cóndor

El cantón Centinela del Cóndor es un cantón en la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador. El origen de su nombre se debe por ser una de la entradas hacia la Cordillera del Cóndor, atravesando Paquisha.
El alcalde actual para el período 2023-2027 es Ing. Segundo Sarango.
Noticias de Centinela del Cóndor
Centinela del Cóndor, es un pequeño cantón y uno de los más recientes creados para la provincia. No tiene fronteras con otras provincias y se encuentra rodeado por los cantones Zamora, Yantzaza, Paquisha y Nangaritza.
El cantón tiene una parroquia urbana, 2 Parroquias Rurales y 31 barrios rurales:
Centrolene condor

Centrolene condor​​​ es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Centrolenidae.
Esta especie es endémica del departamento departamental de Zamora-Chinchipe en Ecuador. Habita entre los 1750 y 1850 m sobre el nivel del mar en la ladera occidental de la cordillera del Cóndor.​
El holotipo macho mide 27 mm.
El nombre de la especie le fue dado en referencia al lugar de su descubrimiento, la cordillera del Cóndor.
Ecorregión terrestre puna húmeda de los Andes centrales

La ecorregión terrestre puna húmeda de los andes centrales (en inglés Central Andean wet puna),​ (NT1003) es una georregión ecológica situada en las sierras y montañas del oeste de América del Sur. Se la incluye entre los pastizales y matorrales de montaña del neotrópico de la ecozona Neotropical.​
Esta ecorregión se distribuye, a Rafa vidal Zanaoria lover
en altitudes sobre los 3000 m s. n. m., en la Cordillera de los Andes de Bolivia Perú.
En el Perú se extiende a través de la mayor parte de los departamentos de: Apurímac, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, y Puno; grandes áreas de los departamentos de Cajamarca, La Libertad, Áncash, Huánuco, Ica, Arequipa, Cusco, Lima, Junín, Pasco; y zonas más pequeñas de Tacna, Lambayeque, y Moquegua.
Algunos especialistas han postulado que los prados andinos, pastizales de altura, o pastizales alpinos que se encuentran sobre las yungas, están más estrechamente relacionados con la Puna húmeda, y el Páramo,​ por lo que deberían ser separados de la ecorregión de las yungas australes e incluidos en esta ecorregión, por lo tanto, en este caso, también la puna húmeda llegaría al noroeste de la Argentina, en una franja sobre las Sierras Subandinas de las provincias de: Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, y Catamarca.
Esta ecorregión, relacionada con el páramo andino, se presenta en las altas mesetas de la Cordillera de los Andes en el oeste de América del Sur, llamadas comúnmente Puna, o Altiplano. Incluye formaciones de estepas herbáceas en su mayor parte, aunque también arbustivas y se presentan pequeños bosques en lugares reparados.
El Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza (WWF) subdivide a la puna en tres ecorregiones, siendo esta una de ellas.​​
Fitogeográficamente, esta ecorregión pertenece al distrito fitogeográfico de la Puna húmeda de la provincia fitogeográfica puneña, una de las secciones en que se divide el dominio fitogeográfico andino-patagónico. Consta de dos áreas discontinuas: la primera es una extensa franja en la parte central del Perú; la otra área va desde las cabeceras de cuencas amazónicas del Apurímac y el Ucayali hasta las zonas circundantes al lago Titicaca.
Entre los representantes mastofaunísticos que habitan en esta ecorregión terrestre destacan los roedores, el puma (Puma concolor concolor) el zorro colorado andino (Lycalopex culpaeus andinus), etc.
Entre las aves de esta ecorregión destacan el cóndor (Vultur gryphus), las dormilonas (Muscisaxicola), comosebos o yales (Phrygilus), agachonas (Thinocorus), las monteritas (Poospiza), las palomitas cordilleranas (Metriopelia), el picaflores andinos (Oreotrochilus), las camineras (Geositta), etc.
Parque nacional Ichigkat Muja-Cordillera del Cóndor

El parque nacional Ichigkat Muja-Cordillera del Cóndor es un área protegida en el país sudamericano de Perú ubicada específicamente en el departamento de Amazonas (Perú), provincia de Condorcanqui, cerca de la frontera con Ecuador.​ El nombre Ichigkat Muja significa en la lengua awajún 'montañas sagradas'.​ Fue protegido después de múltiples peticiones de grupos conservacionistas debido a su riqueza en flora y fauna. Incluye bosques, cuevas, cascadas y selvas. Casi la mitad de la superficie del parque es un área bajo estricta protección. El parque fue creado en el año 2007 con una superficie de 88 477 ha a pesar de que se había solicitado que fuese mucho más amplio.​​ Enfrenta amenazas como la presencia de colonos y la minería ilegal.​
Fue creado el 9 de agosto de 2007 mediante Decreto Supremo n. 023-2007-AG a partir de la Zona Reservada Santiago Comaina, junto a la Reserva comunal Tuntanaín.​​
Gustavo Orcés

Gustavo Orcés Villagómez (Quito, 1903 - 1999) fue un zoólogo ecuatoriano.
Se educó en el colegio San Gabriel, y en la Universidad Central. Elaboró una tesis sobre las características biológicas y fisiológicas de los peces de mar que fue premiada. Fue docente del Instituto Nacional Mejía y de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional. Se dedicó a la investigación, y fue pionero de la Herpetología en Ecuador. Pasó luego a estudiar las especies de aves ecuatorianas, las clasificó y coleccionó la más valiosa serie ornitológica ecuatorial. Descubrió, además, varias especies de animales, algunas de las cuales llevan su nombre en la nomenclatura científica universal. El Museo de Historia Natural de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional de Quito (MHNGO), lleva su nombre en honor a él..
Phylloscartes gualaquizae

El orejerito ecuatoriano​ (en Ecuador) (Phylloscartes gualaquizae), también denominado moscareta ecuatoriana (en Perú), tiranuelo ecuatoriano (en Colombia) o tiranolete ecuatoriano (en Ecuador),​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Tyrannidae, perteneciente al numeroso género Phylloscartes. Es nativo de regiones andinas del noroeste de América del Sur.
Se distribuye a lo largo de la pendiente oriental de la cordillera de los Andes desde el suroeste de Colombia (Caquetá), hasta el extremo sureste de Ecuador, y en el norte de Perú (San Martín).​
Esta especie es considerada poco común en sus hábitats naturales: el dosel y los bordes de selvas húmedas de estribaciones y montanas bajas, en altitudes entre 700 y 1500 m.​
El orejerito ecuatoriano ha sido calificado como casi amenazado por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (IUCN) debido a que, con base en modelos de deforestación de la cuenca amazónica, se estima que su población, todavía no cuantificada, irá a declinar alrededor de 25 a 30 % a lo largo de las próximas tres generaciones.​
La especie P. gualaquizae fue descrita por primera vez por el zoólogo británico Philip Lutley Sclater en 1881 bajo el nombre científico Pogonotriccus gualaquizae; su localidad tipo es: «Gualaquiza, Ecuador».​
El nombre genérico masculino «Phylloscartes» se compone de las palabras del griego «phullon» que sinifica ‘hoja’, y «skairō» que significa ‘saltar, bailar’; y el nombre de la especie «gualaquizae» se refiere a la localidad tipo, Gualaquiza, Morona Santiago, Ecuador.​
Es monotípica.
Club-winged manakin

The club-winged manakin (Machaeropterus deliciosus) is a small passerine bird which is a resident breeding species in the cloud forest on the western slopes of the Andes Mountains of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. The manakins are a family (Pipridae) of small bird species of subtropical and tropical Central and South America.
Like several other manakins, the club-winged manakin produces a mechanical sound with its extremely modified secondary remiges, an effect known as sonation. The manakins adapted their wings in this odd way as a result of sexual selection. In manakins, the males have evolved adaptations to suit the females' attraction towards sound. Wing sounds in various manakin lineages have evolved independently. Some species pop like a firecracker, and there are a couple that make whooshing noises in flight. The club-winged manakin has the unique ability to produce musical sounds with its wings.
Each wing of the club-winged manakin has one feather with a series of at least seven ridges along its central vane. Next to the strangely ridged feather is another feather with a stiff, curved tip. When the bird raises its wings over its back, it shakes them back and forth over 100 times a second (hummingbirds typically flap their wings only 50 times a second). Each time it hits a ridge, the tip produces a sound. The tip strikes each ridge twice: once as the feathers collide, and once as they move apart again. This raking movement allows a wing to produce 14 sounds during each shake. By shaking its wings 100 times a second, the club-winged manakin can produce around 1,400 single sounds during that time. In order to withstand the repeated beating of its wings together, the club-winged manakin has evolved solid wing bones (by comparison, the bones of most birds are hollow, making flight easier). The solid wing bones, a result of sexual selection, are also present in female manakins, who do not benefit from the trait.
While this "spoon-and-washboard" anatomy is a well-known sound-producing apparatus in insects (see stridulation), it had not been well documented in vertebrates (some snakes stridulate too, but they do not have dedicated anatomical features for it).
José María Egas

José María Egas (Manta, 1896 - 1982) was an Ecuadorian poet. Many of his poems were turned into the lyrics of "pasillos". Egas studied law at the University of Guayaquil graduated in 1927. He was then active as a lawyer and journalist, but became best known for his poetry, being appointed national poet laureate in 1976. He served as a professor at the University of Guayaquil. He was the brother of the poet Hugo Mayo.
Born in Manta (Manabí province), he was the son of don Carlos Egas Rodriguez and doña Rosalia Miranda Alarcón. He grows in a very well educated family present in Ecuador since the century XVII for his father part.
In anthologies:
Ford Equator

The Ford Equator (Chinese: 福特领裕; pinyin: Fútè Lǐngyù) is a mid-size crossover SUV built by the JMC-Ford joint venture.
The Equator is a three-row SUV that slots directly above the Everest in the JMC-Ford SUV line-up.
The instrumental panel of the Equator is equipped with a pair of 12.3-inch screens used for the digital instrument cluster and infotainment system. The interior of the Equator also feature wooden accents and a rotary gear selector. The infotainment system includes Ford's Co-Pilot360 system and is sold only as a six-seater.
The Equator is powered by a transverse-mounted 2.0-liter turbocharged EcoBoost engine based on the JX4G20 petrol engine developed by JMC and AVL which produces 221 hp (224 PS; 165 kW). Production of the car is planned to start around the first quarter of 2021.
A shorter two-row version of the Equator was revealed at the Guangzhou Auto Show in November 2021 as the Equator Sport (Chinese: 领睿; pinyin: Lǐngruì). It is 140 millimetres (5.5 in) shorter than the three-row Equator, and is powered by an all new 1.5 EcoBoost 4G15F6C engine rated at 125 kW (168 hp) paired to a seven-speed Magna wet dual-clutch transmission. Despite being mechanically unrelated, the Equator Sport has a very similar interior and exterior styling to the Equator. The model is exported to markets outside China as the Ford Territory.
Зима в Простоквашино

Зима́ в Простоква́шино — третий советский мультфильм 1984 года из трилогии о Простоквашино, но в то же время не основывающийся на повести «Дядя Фёдор, пёс и кот»: Эдуард Успенский написал его сценарий с нуля и лишь в 1997 году новеллизировал его в одноимённую повесть с очень расширенным сюжетом.
Накануне Нового года Шарик и Матроскин поссорились и перестали разговаривать друг с другом из-за того, что Шарик на зиму вместо валенок купил себе модные кеды, и теперь у них с котом одна пара валенок на двоих. Общаться им помогает почтальон Печкин, который передаёт телеграммы из одного конца избы в другой.
Дядя Фёдор с Папой хотят поехать в Простоквашино, но Мама опять против, потому что она должна петь на новогоднем «Голубом Огоньке», и после выступления ей никак не хочется в концертном платье ехать в деревню на электричке. Тем временем Матроскин готовится к приезду Дяди Фёдора и в телеграмме просит Шарика сходить в лес за ёлкой, но Шарик из экологических соображений отказывается, поэтому новогодний вечер они встречают в нетопленой избе и без ёлки.
Получив из Простоквашино тревожное «говорящее письмо» от почтальона Печкина — галчонка в посылочном ящике, который рассказывает о предстоящем разделе имущества, — Дядя Фёдор и Папа решают поехать без Мамы. Их «Запорожец» застрял на заметённой снегом дороге, и всем обитателям дома в Простоквашино пришлось вытягивать машину из снега. К приезду гостей они всё-таки затопили печь, Шарик взялся лепить праздничный пирог, Дядя Фёдор — украшать дом новогодними гирляндами, Папа — чинить телевизор, а Матроскин — развлекать всех песнями под гитару.
Матроскин сообщает, что они с Шариком помирились, когда вытаскивали машину из снега, потому что, по его словам, «совместный труд, для моей пользы, — он объединяет». Обрадованный Шарик целует Матроскина. Почтальон Печкин извиняется и собирается уходить, потому что считает телевизор «главным украшением стола», но тот не работает — и поэтому Печкин предпочитает справлять Новый год у себя дома. Однако Дядя Фёдор и Папа обещают, что телевизор они обязательно починят, ведь иначе и быть не может — скоро же Мама будет выступать на новогоднем Голубом Огоньке. Телевизор починили, ёлку решили не рубить, а нарядили старыми вещами с чердака ту, что росла во дворе.
Почтальон Печкин увидел по телевизору начало Маминого выступления, но выяснилось, что у телевизора не работает звук. Герои смотрят беззвучное выступление, однако внезапно всё же слышат Мамино пение. Оказывается, концерт передавался в записи, а Мама сама дошла до Простоквашино на лыжах. Герои ликуют, Дядя Фёдор и Матроскин подбежали к Маме, и она тепло поприветствовала своих друзей и семью, подтвердив, что просто не может жить без Простоквашино.
Песню Матроскина «А я всё чаще замечаю» исполняет Олег Табаков, песню «Кабы не было зимы» — Валентина Толкунова. Эти песни выпускались фирмой «Мелодия» в сборниках песен из мультфильмов на детских пластинках, магнитных лентах и аудиокассетах «Свема».
Опять двойка (картина)

«Опять двойка» — картина художника Фёдора Решетникова, созданная в 1952 году.
Хранится в Третьяковской галерее. Ранняя авторская версия картины находится в собрании фонда Art Russe, основанного А. В. Филатовым.
Благодаря близости сюжета к реалиям ученической жизни картина использовалась в школьной программе СССР; так, в рамках программы по изобразительному искусству учеников знакомили с ней как с образцом жанра бытовой живописи, а в программе по русскому языку в разделе «Развитие устной и письменной речи» предполагалось написание сочинения по данной картине. Произведение было хорошо знакомо советской публике. Его репродукция до сих пор включается в учебники русского языка.
«Опять двойка» — вторая часть художественной трилогии Решетникова, её первая часть — «Прибыл на каникулы» (1948), на которой представлен бравый суворовец, приехавший домой на зимние каникулы, а третья — «Переэкзаменовка» (1954), которая не приобрела такой известности, как первые две, поскольку находилась в частном владении, а затем была вывезена в США, где хранилась у торговца предметами искусства во Флориде; позже её выкупил на аукционе и возвратил в Россию российский арт-фонд семьи Филатовых, ныне — фонд Art Russe.
Примечательно, что в интерьере комнаты, изображённой на картине «Опять двойка», слева виден отрывной календарь, прикреплённый к картонному панно, на котором воспроизведена репродукция более раннего полотна «Прибыл на каникулы», а в левом углу «Переэкзаменовки» на стене висит репродукция картины «Опять двойка».
Солнечные каникулы

«Солнечные каникулы» (англ. Holiday in the Sun) — американский фильм 2001 года вышедший непосредственно на видео в жанрах романтика, приключение, семейный. Режиссёр фильма стал Стив Пурселл. В главных ролях снялись Мэри-Кейт и Эшли Олсен.
Мэдисон и Алекс Стьюарты, сёстры-близнецы из штата Иллинойс. Во время зимних каникул они с родителями отправились на курорт Atlantis Resort, что на Багамских островах. Сперва сёстры были разочарованы тем, что им не удалось отправится на Гавайские острова со своими друзьями, но в итоге начали наслаждаться свободой от родителей, роскошным люксовым номером и нетронутыми пляжами Карибского бассейна.
Алекс влюбляется в Джордана, работника курорта. Она не единственная, кто обратил на него внимание. Избалованная наследница по имени Брианна Уоллес тоже влюблена в него и ведёт грязную игру, чтобы добиться своего. Тем временем за Мэдисон ухаживает симпатичный, но безмозглый Скотт, которого, в свою очередь, за кулисами тренирует Гриффен, друг детства Мэдисон, который влюблён в последнюю.
Оцепенение (животных)

Оцепенение — состояние резкого понижения жизненной активности, наступающее у холоднокровных (пойкилотермных) животных при недостатке влаги (летнее оцепенение) или при снижении температуры окружающей среды (зимнее, которое встречается гораздо чаще летнего). Характеризуется замедлением метаболизма, газообмена и других жизненных функций, отсутствием двигательной активности, прекращением питания и т. п..
Зимнее оцепенение свойственно многим живым организмам северных и умеренных широт, в том числе земноводным, рыбам, наземным и водным беспозвоночным, пресмыкающимся. Большинство животных, способных к зимнему оцепенению, обладают возможностью переохлаждения организма, то есть к понижению температуры своего тела ниже 0° C без возникновения льда.
Аналогичное состояние гомойотермных животных носит название спячки; иногда спячку пернатых называют оцепенением.
Зимние карнавалы

Зимние карнавалы — открытые праздники, проходящие в зимнее время.
Зимние карнавалы и фестивали пользуются популярностью в местах, где зима особенно длинная и холодная, например, в Скандинавии, России и на Аляске. Большинство карнавалов включает традиционные зимние занятия, такие как вырезание ледяных скульптур, снежных скульптур, хоккей, катание на коньках, на лыжах и на санях.
Некоторые известные зимние карнавалы и фестивали:
USA Cartoon Express

The USA Cartoon Express was a programming block consisting of animated children's series which aired on the USA Network from September 20, 1982 to September 15, 1996. Cartoon Express was the first structured animation block on cable television, predating Nickelodeon's Nicktoons and Cartoon Network by a decade.
In September 1982, USA Cartoon Express was announced by USA as one of six new shows on its fall schedule as the network began broadcasting 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The Express originally aired during the early evening hours, replacing a prior block called Calliope which continued to air on Sunday mornings until 1993. Eventually, a "Sunday Cartoon Express" would debut that took up the full Sunday morning. Curt Chaplin served as the unseen "Cartoon Announcer", providing voice-overs for the block's opening, closing and commercial bumpers, continuing in this role until 1992.
The initial lineup consisted mostly of series from the Hanna-Barbera library. Well-known properties like Scooby-Doo, Huckleberry Hound, Yogi Bear, Space Ghost, The Smurfs, and Jonny Quest shared space with lesser-known properties like Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch, Inch High, Private Eye, Dynomutt, Dog Wonder, and countless others, as well as numerous spin-offs of The Flintstones such as The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show.
By the end of the 1980s, more cartoons aired on the Cartoon Express, including Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, Jem, G.I. Joe, and The Real Ghostbusters.
In 1991, Cartoon Express premiered Voltron and Denver, the Last Dinosaur, two series from World Events Productions. In October, Turner Broadcasting purchased Hanna-Barbera and launched Cartoon Network one year later, thus taking a chunk of Cartoon Express programming with it. The only Hanna-Barbera shows on the Cartoon Express afterwards were The Smurfs and Scooby-Doo, which left the Express in 1993 and 1994 respectively.
In the summer of 1993, Cartoon Express paired Denver, the Last Dinosaur with the new series Dinosaucers to capitalize on the popularity of Jurassic Park. In the fall, Cartoon Express introduced two original series, Itsy Bitsy Spider and Problem Child (based on the film franchise). Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles became the new marquee series on the block, and USA also acquired the broadcast rights to Terrytoons shorts like Deputy Dawg and Mighty Mouse. From 1994 to 1995, several DIC Entertainment series were shown on Cartoon Express.
In 1995, USA Network premiered USA Action Extreme Team with the launch of shows based on the Street Fighter II video game franchise and Savage Dragon comic book franchise; it initially aired only on weekend mornings. The Cartoon Express left the station for the last time on September 15, 1996; the USA Action Extreme Team would inherit the Cartoon Express's timeslots and continue for two more years before ending in late 1998 as USA Networks cut its animation blocks on most of its outlets, including Sci-Fi Channel's Animation Station.
Blue Cat Blues

Blue Cat Blues is a 1956 one-reel animated Tom and Jerry cartoon written, directed and produced by co-creators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. The short was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on November 16, 1956 in CinemaScope. It is the series' 103rd entry.
Unusual for a Tom and Jerry cartoon, Jerry "speaks," through an inner monologue, voiced by Paul Frees.
Tom is seen sitting on train tracks, heavily depressed and waiting for an oncoming train to come and run him over, while Jerry laments at his friend's state and recalls how he ended up there. Jerry narrates that he and Tom were best friends before Tom falls for a beautiful white cat who, at first, seems to return his feelings (though she is actually manipulating him to her whims) before leaving him for Butch (who, unlike in other cartoons, is extremely rich), revealing she is a gold digger, confirming Jerry's earlier suspicions.
Despite Jerry's protests, Tom desperately tries to buy back her love but is continually outdone by Butch. When Tom tries to present her with a flower, he finds she has already received a beautiful horseshoe garland of roses from Butch. He then presents her with a small bottle of perfume, but then Butch arrives with a large tanker truck full of perfume. Tom squanders all of his life savings to buy a diamond ring for her (with a diamond so small she needs a magnifying glass to see it), only to learn that Butch has already gifted her a ring with a large diamond so shiny that she and Tom need welding helmets to see it. He even takes out a predatory 26-year, 112% APR loan from a used car lot to buy her an old, rickety automobile, only for Butch to arrive in his long and fancy convertible, crushing Tom and his car.
Distraught, Tom starts drinking (milk) uncontrollably, ignoring Jerry's pleas, and eventually nearly goes down the literal gutter but is saved just in time by Jerry. Tom becomes even more depressed when Butch and the white cat drive by in Butch's car with a "JUST MARRIED" sign on the back. As the flashback ends, Jerry kisses a picture of his girlfriend before she drives past, having married a rich mouse. Heartbroken, Jerry joins Tom on the tracks. The whistle of an approaching train grows louder as the cartoon fades out.
Additionally, the soundtrack was officially released on the album Tom and Jerry & Tex Avery Too!.
In Cartoon Carnival: A Critical Guide to Best Cartoons, writer Michael Samerdyke said "Blue Cat Blues is deeply indebted to Tex Avery for its gags." Video Movie Guide: 1995 called the short (in a review for the aforementioned Festival of Fun VHS) said "among the worst Tom & Jerry outings".
The short is often considered the darkest Tom and Jerry cartoon due to its subject matter and unusually bleak ending.
Additionally, it is often confused to be the final short of the series due to its ending implying the deaths of Tom and Jerry. The final short produced at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was Tot Watchers in 1958, and the final short overall was Purr-Chance to Dream, produced by Chuck Jones at MGM Animation/Visual Arts in 1967.
Snow Time

Snow Time, also known as Alaska Daze in some reissues, is a 1932 animated short film distributed by Columbia Pictures, part of the Krazy Kat series.
It is winter time and Krazy is in his horse-drawn sleigh, running through the snowy outdoors. Next, he stops over at the house of his spaniel girlfriend. Krazy then calls and invites her to go out with him. Showing herself through a window, the spaniel discloses she cannot come outside because her door is blocked by thick snow. In this, Krazy and his horse goes on to clear the doorway. In just a short while, the impeding snow has been removed, and the spaniel finally steps out. They then head off in the sleigh.
Krazy and the spaniel arrive at their destination, the frozen lake. They then put on their ice skates and set foot on the ice. For several moments, things are going very smooth for them. Their movements are fluent and they never stumble into things. This is until Krazy crashes into a wooden barrel and starts to lose control. He then overshoots the edge of the lake and gets himself into a snowy slope. As he tumbles down the slope, Krazy becomes covered in snow and immediately becomes a large rampaging snowball. The snowball bashes a cabin and rolls into a barn where it runs over the farm animals. Finally, it spatters onto a larger house, and Krazy is free at last. Just nearby him is the spaniel who is relieved to know he is unharmed. Without further ado, they continue looking for ways to spend time in the frosty landscape.
Vladimir Popov (animator)

Vladimir Ivanovich Popov (Russian: Владимир Иванович Попов; 5 June 1930 – 1 April 1987) was a Soviet and Russian animator and art director. A member of ASIFA, he was named Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR in 1986.
Vladimir Popov grew up in a communal apartment near Soyuzmultfilm. He was fond of painting since childhood and visited an art school. He also produced hand-made cartoons by drawing humorous scenes from the life of his neighbours on a transparent filmstrip and demonstrating them to a great success.
In 1951, Popov was employed by Soyuzmultfilm; for the next ten years he had been working as an animator with Ivan Ivanov-Vano, Alexandra Snezhko-Blotskaya, Leonid Amalrik and other leading directors. Since 1960, he had been directing films together with Vladimir Pekar, also acting as an art director. Their most popular work of that time was Umka (1969), a traditionally animated short about a little polar bear loved by generations of children, along with the lullaby song performed by Aida Vedishcheva.
Since 1975, Popov had been working alone. Among his popular films were adaptations of Nikolay Nosov's Bobik Visiting Barbos (1977) and Yuri Koval's The Adventures of Vasya Kurolesov (1981). Yet his biggest success was the Three from Prostokvashino trilogy produced in 1978–1984 and based on the comedy fairy tales by Eduard Uspensky. Despite the cold reception from the officials, the mini-series became incredibly popular and turned into the source of many catchphrases. It was named the third best animated film/series of all time in the all-Russian poll conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation in February 2014.
Vladimir Popov died on 1 April 1987 aged 56. His death was sudden and unexpected. He was buried in the family tomb at the Vagankovo Cemetery in Moscow. In 1989, he was posthumously awarded the Vasilyev Brothers State Prize of the RSFSR.
మర్రి

మర్రి (ఆంగ్లం Banyan) ఫైకస్ జాతికి చెందిన ఒక చెట్టు. ఇది బాగా విస్తరించిన శాఖలతో అనేకమైన ఊడలతో పెరిగే అతిపెద్ద వృక్షం. దీనినే వటవృక్షం అంటారు. ఇది బంగ్లాదేశ్, భారతదేశం, శ్రీలంక దేశాలలో విరివిగా పెరుగుతుంది.
దీని గింజలు వేరే చెట్టు పగుళ్ళలో లేదా ఒరలలో (ఒకోమారు పెద్ద భవనాలు, వంతెనలు, రాళ్ళ సందులలో) చిగురించి కాలక్రమాన విస్తరిస్తాయి. "మర్రి" అనే పేరు ప్రత్యేకించి ఫైకస్ బెంగలెన్సిస్ (Ficus benghalensis) అనే జాతికి చెందిన చెట్లకు చెందుతుంది. కానీ ఆ విధమైన ఇతర చెట్లకు, "యురోస్టిగ్మా" ఉపజాతికి చెందిన వాటికి, అన్నింటికీ కూడా ఈ పేరును వాడుతారు.
ఈ చెట్టు విత్తనాలు పళ్లు తినే పక్షుల చేత ఇతర ప్రదేశాలకు వెదజల్లబడతాయి. వేరే చెట్టుమీద పడి, దాని పగుళ్ళలో మొలకెత్తిన మొక్కల వేళ్లు క్రమంగా భూమికి ప్రాకుతాయి. కొమ్మలు ఆకాశంవైపు విస్తరిస్తాయి. ఇలా ఆశ్రయమిచ్చిన చెట్లను చుట్టుముట్టి పెరిగే లక్షణం ఉష్ణమండలంలో కాంతికోసం పోటీపడే చెట్లలో, ముఖ్యంగా "ఫికస్"జాతికి చెందినవాటిలో కనుపిస్తుంది. కనుక వీటన్నింటికి strangler fig అనే ఆంగ్లపదం వాడుతారు.
భారతదేశంలో సంచార వ్యాపారులు తమ ప్రయాణాలలో తరచు ఈ చెట్ల నీడలో విశ్రాంతి తీసుకొనేవారు అని విదేశీ పరిశీలకులు గమనించినందువల్ల దీనికి "బనియన్ ట్రీ" (ఫికస్ బెంగాలెన్సిస్) అనే పేరు పెట్టారు.
మర్రిని మందుగా వాడటం మనకి ఎప్పటినుంచో ఉంది. దీని బెరడు, లేత ఆకులు, మొగ్గలు, పాలు, పళ్ళు అన్నిటినీ ఆయుర్వేదం ఎన్నో వ్యాధుల్లో వాడుతుంది. ముఖ్యంగా చర్మ సౌందర్యం కోసం తపన పడే వారు మర్రిని మరువకూడదు మర్రి చెట్టు ఆకులు ఇంకా విచ్చుకోక ముందు ఎర్రగా మొగ్గల్లా ఉంటాయి. వాటిని రాత్రంతా నీటిలో నానబెట్టి ఉదయాన్నే ఆ నీటిని త్రాగితే తరచు విరేచనాలు, డిసెంట్రీతో బాధపడేవారికి మంచిది. మర్రిపాలు 5 చుక్కల్ని 1 గ్లాసుడు పాలలో కలిపి తీసుకుంటే బ్లీడింగ్ పైల్స్ కి మంచి మందు. ఇక ఊడల నుంచి జాలువారే లేత వేరులు స్త్రీల సంతాన సాఫల్యత పెంచుతాయి. మర్రి వేర్లని ఎండించి, దంచి, పొడుము వలె చేసి పాలలో కలిపి ఋతుస్నానం అయిన తర్వాత వరుసగా 3 రాత్రుల పాటు తాగితే సంతానం కలుగుతుందని ఆయుర్వేదం చెబుతుంది. అలాగే మర్రి స్త్రీల జననాంగ సమస్యలలో కూడా బాగా ఉపకరిస్తుంది. మర్రి బెరడుని కషాయం కాచి దానిని గోరు వెచ్చగా ఉండగా యోని ప్రక్షాళన చేస్తే లుకేరియా తగ్గుతుంది. మర్రి ఊడలతో పళ్ళు తోముకుంటే దంత సమస్యలు రావు. మర్రి పాలు కీళ్ళ నొప్పులున్న చోట రాస్తే నొప్పులు తగ్గుతాయని గిరిజనుల నమ్మకం. మర్రి ఆకులు కోయగా వచ్చిన పాలను పులిపిరులమీద ఉంచితే అవి తగ్గిపోతాయి. పాదాలు పగిలిపోతే మర్రి చెట్టు కాండం నుంచి వచ్చిన రసాన్ని ఆ పగుళ్ళకి రోజూ రాస్తే ఉపయోగం ఉంటుంది.
అడయార్ మర్రి చెట్టు

అడయార్ మర్రి చెట్టు అనేది తమిళనాడులోని చెన్నైలోని అడయార్‌లో ఉన్న 450 సంవత్సరాల పురాతన పెద్ద మర్రి చెట్టు. ఇది థియోసాఫికల్ సొసైటీ ప్రధాన కార్యాలయం మైదానంలో ఉంది, దీని కింద ప్రజలు జిడ్డు కృష్ణమూర్తి, అన్నీ బిసెంట్, మరియా మాంటిస్సోరితో సహా మేధావుల ఉపన్యాసాలను విన్నారు.
ఈ చెట్టు అడయార్ నుండి బీసెంట్ నగర్ వెళ్ళే మార్గంలో, Mr. వి. కా. వంతెన సమీపంలో ఉంది. ఈ చెట్టు అడయార్ థియోసాఫికల్ సొసైటీ ఆవరణలోని తోటలో ఉంది. ఈ చెట్టు ట్రంక్‌లు దాదాపు 63 వేల చదరపు అడుగుల విస్తీర్ణంలో ఉన్నాయి. ఈ చెట్టు యొక్క మొత్తం వైశాల్యం 59,500 చదరపు అడుగులు. దక్షిణ భారతదేశంలో ది గ్రేట్ మర్రి చెట్టుగా ఇది బాగా ప్రాచుర్యం పొందింది. ఈ చెట్టు దగ్గర ఇప్పటికీ ది గ్రేట్ బన్‌యన్ ట్రీ అని వ్రాయబడిన బోర్డు వుంటుంది. అయితే ప్రస్తుతం ది గ్రేట్ మర్రి చెట్టుగా కోల్‌కతలో వున్న పెద్ద మర్రిచెట్టును పిలుస్తారు.
1989 తుఫాను గాలికి చెట్టు అద్భుతంగా సురక్షితంగా బయటపడింది.
ఉదయం 8.30 గంటల నుంచి 10 గంటల వరకు, మధ్యాహ్నం 2 గంటల నుంచి సాయంత్రం 4 గంటల వరకు ప్రకృతి రమణీయతలో చెట్లు, మొక్కలు, తీగలు, పక్షులను ప్రజలు ఉచితంగా చూడవచ్చు.
భారతదేశంలోని ప్రసిద్ధ మర్రి చెట్ల జాబితా

భారతదేశంలోని అనేక మత సంప్రదాయాలలో మర్రి పవిత్రంగా పరిగణించబడుతుంది. ఫికస్ బెంగలెన్సిస్ భారతదేశ జాతీయ వృక్షం,, మధ్య ప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్ర వృక్షం.
భారతదేశంలోని గుర్తించదగిన మర్రి చెట్ల జాబితా ఈ క్రింద ఇవ్వబడింది. ఇక్కడ జాబితా చేయబడిన చెట్లు దాని చారిత్రక, జాతీయ, స్థాన, సహజ లేదా పౌరాణిక సందర్భం ద్వారా ముఖ్యమైనవి లేదా నిర్దిష్టమైనవిగా పరిగణించబడతాయి.
మర్రి చెట్టు (2004 సినిమా)

మర్రి చెట్టు అనేది రామ్ గోపాల్ వర్మ నిర్మాతగా 2004లో వచ్చిన హిందీ హర్రర్ ఎంటర్టైనర్ చిత్రం వాస్తు శాస్త్రకు తెలుగు అనువాద చిత్రం. ఈ సినిమాకి దర్శకత్వం సౌరబ్ నారంగ్ నిర్వహించాడు. ఇందులో జె డి చక్రవర్తి, సుష్మితా సేన్, ప్రియా రాయ్ చౌదరి, షియాజి షిండే తదితరులు నటించారు. కాగా సంగీతదర్శకుడు అమర్ మోహిల్ స్వరాలు సమకుర్చరు. ఇది 2004 అక్టోబరు 22న విడుదలైంది.
విరాగ్ (జె డి చక్రవర్తి), జిల్మిల్ (సుష్మితా సేన్) జంటలో ఆమె పూణేలోని ఓ ఆసుపత్రిలో జనరల్ ఫిజీషియన్‌గా పనిచేస్తుంది. కాగా విరాగ్ వృత్తి రీత్యా రచయిత. అతని వృత్తిరీత్యా కొత్త అసైన్‌మెంట్‌ని పూర్తి చేయడానికి, ప్రశాంతకొరకు పూణే శివార్లలోని శాంతి కుటీర్‌కి మారింది. వారి కుటుంబం. వారి కొడుకు రోహన్ (అహ్సాస్ చన్నా) వేసవి సెలవులను ఆస్వాదిస్తున్నాడు. జిల్మిల్ చెల్లెలు రాధిక (పీయా రాయ్ చౌదరి) కూడా వారితో కలిసి నివసిస్తుంది.
ఇక సారాంశం ఏంటంటే, అక్కడ కుమారుడు వివరించలేని భయానక సంఘటనలను గమనిస్తాడు, కాని హత్యలు ప్రారంభమయ్యే వరకు కుటుంబ సభ్యులు అతనిని విస్మరిస్తారు.
కుండీలో మర్రిచెట్టు

కుండీలో మర్రిచెట్టు ఒక తెలుగు కవితల పుస్తకం. ఈ పుస్తకాన్ని విన్నకోట రవిశంకర్ వ్రాసారు. ఈ పుస్తకం ముందు మాటలో ఇస్మాయిల్ ఒక కవిత గురించి " కళకి ఇంత పర్యాప్తమైన నిర్వచనం ఎక్కడా నాకు తారసపడ లేదు. జీవితపు విలువలతోనే కదా కళకి ప్రమేయం. ఈ సత్యాన్ని ప్రవించడం కాదు ఈ కవిత చేసిన పని, ఇది మనకు అనుభూతమయేటట్లు చేసింది. అనగా, ఒక యథార్థాన్ని ఆలోచనా రూపంలో కాక అనుభవ రూపంలో మనకు ప్రసాదిం చింది. ఇదే కవిత్వసారం." అంటూ మెచ్చుకున్నారు.
మానవత్వపు సారాంశాలైన జీవితానుభవాలతో స్పందించే కవితలు ఈ పుస్తకం నిండా ఉన్నాయి. పై నుదహరించినవి కాక ' కుండీలో మర్రి చెట్టు', 'రామప్ప సరస్సు', 'జ్ఞాపకం', 'నిద్రానుభవం', 'చలనచిత్రం', 'పాపమనసు' వంటి విషా దంతో, ఆనందంతో, ఉత్సాహంతో, అనురాగంతో, పురాజ్ఞాపకాలతో మెరిసే, మండే, మిరుమిట్లు గొలిపే జీవితశకలాలెన్నో ఈ కవి మనకు సమర్పించాడు.జీవితానుభవమూ, హృదయానుభూతీ - ఈ రెండు ధృవాల్నీ కలిపి కవిత్వ విద్యుచ్చక్తిని సృష్టించాడు ఈ కవి.
ఈ పుస్తకము రవిశంకర్ మొదటి పుస్తకము. ఈ పుస్తకం 22-11-1992 న తొలి ప్రచురణ. . ఈయన విద్యుత్ ఇంజనీరూ.
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