davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Качамак

Качамак (от турски език – kaçamak) е традиционно балканско ястие, важна част от българската национална кухня, разпространено и в Северна Македония, Албания, Босна и Херцеговина, Черна гора, Сърбия, страните от Кавказкия регион, Турция. Приготвя се от царевичен грис или едро смляно царевично брашно. Ястието е подобно на италианската полента и на румънската мамалига.
Сместа се вари във вода с щипка сол на тих огън при непрекъснато бъркане с т.нар. бъркалка „качамилка“, до получаване на каша с желаната гъстота. Процесът на варене трае около 40 минути. Съдът се дърпа от огъня, добавя се масло, сместа се разбърква бързо и се захлупва за около 15 – 30 мин., в зависимост от количеството. Така, продуктът набъбва още повече, и поема водата.
Използван като заместител на хляб в ежедневното хранене, качамакът може да се нареже на парчета и да се сервира по различни начини – сладък или солен.
В някои краища на България се полива със запържена с червен пипер свинска мас, сирене, каймак или свински пръжки (известни и като джумерки). За десерт качамакът може да се залее с изваряван сок от захарна тръстика или захарно цвекло, наричан адъ, петмез или маджун. В Североизточна България се приготвя и шупла (сладкиш от царевично брашно). Известен е по света под различни имена, но съставът му е един и същ, запазен през вековете до днес.
В България качамакът се налага през XVIII век с навлизане отглеждането на царевица като земеделска култура и по-лесното и продължително съхранение на царевицата като земеделски продукт. Бързото приготвяне като храна на този вид хляб е особено примамливо за българката, поради нейната голяма натовареност – тежък селски труд и отглеждане на многобройна челяд.
Преди да се появи царевицата в България (а и след това), по технологията за „пареното“ (варено и задушено) тесто от просо се е приготвял просеник – с вода се забърква каша от просено брашно, изсипва се в тава и се пече.
В миналото всички зърнени култури са се мелели на мелници-караджейки (между два камъка, без пресяване на трици и люспи), при което в брашната остават всички съставки на зърното.
Производството на царевица е най-добрия показател за ползването ѝ като храна. В Ориенталския отдел на Народната библиотека в София е запазен турски данъчен регистър от 1871 г. от който се вижда, че са произведени и са обложени с данък десятък в Оряховската каза (гр. Оряхово) както следва:
За справка – едно тогавашно берковско килѐ е с тегло 70 kg, а едно цариградско килѐ – 40 kg.
Етажна собственост

„Етажна собственост“ е български ситком, продукция на Нова телевизия с продуцент Краси Ванков. Режисьори на сериала са Юлиан Минков и Тодор Николов, а сценаристи – Иван Ангелов, Стефан Стоянов, Златина Несторова и Силвия Цонкова. Оператори са Стефан Куцаров и Алекс Самунджи. Филмов монтаж е на Георги Йорданов и Елена Сейменова.
Действието се развива в една средностатистическа панелка в софийския ж.к. „Надежда“. Героите на сериала са съседи, които по един или друг начин се справят с мизерията, междусъседските интриги и нахалните роднини. Сериалът осмива типичните черти от характера на българина от ниската класа, като безпаричие, простотия, клюкарене, нежелание за работа, злоупотреба с алкохол. Етажна собственост е българската интерпретация на испанските серии Щурите съседи и Новите съседи.
Влюбих се опасно

„Влюбих се опасно“ е третият студиен албум на Рени. Паралелно със сръбската версия на албума – „Reni 2001“, Рени подготвя и записва песните и на български език. И двете версии на албума излизат в средата на месец март 2001 г. Издател на албума е Пайнер. Албумът съдържа 11 песни.
7.5 cm GebirgsKanone 06

The 7.5 cm GebirgsKanone 06 was a mountain gun built by Krupp that was used by several countries during the 1900s.
During the late 19th century, Krupp became a major arms supplier and one of their better-selling product lines was mountain guns and Krupp sold 688 mountain guns to its customers before World War I. Many of its customers had mountainous borders which were sometimes ill-defined and often were in dispute.
The problem that Krupp's engineers had to solve was there was often a lack of roads and rail lines in mountainous regions and only narrow rocky footpaths existed. The field artillery of the time was designed to be towed by horse teams over gravel roads and then manhandled into firing position. Which was hard enough to do on flat muddy ground but became even more difficult when there was a lack of roads. Traditional field artillery could usually be broken down into separate wagon loads with the barrel on one wagon towed by a horse team while a second horse team towed the carriage. However, there was the issue of the gun crew being unable to reassemble the guns due to a lack of oxygen, cold temperatures, and weighed down with thick clothing.
What was needed was a gun that was light and could be broken down into multiple loads for transport by the gun crew and pack animals. Horses could carry more weight but were large and not always sure-footed. Mules were smaller, sure-footed, but were stubborn and carried less weight. After experimentation, it was found that if a gun could be broken down into multiple loads a mule was capable of carrying a 100 kg (220 lb) load and the gun crews were able to reassemble and manhandle the guns into position.
However, the trade-off was mountain guns didn't stand up well to being towed when assembled due to their jointed designs. Also to keep weight down the guns were often small caliber with reduced propellant loads to reduce recoil and lacked range because their barrels were short to keep them light and portable.
The 7.5 cm GebirgsKanone 06 was a breech-loaded mountain gun built from steel with a box trail carriage, and two wooden-spoked steel-rimmed wheels. It also had a hydro-spring recoil mechanism, horizontal sliding-wedge breech, optional gun shield, and it fired separate loading cased charges and projectiles. It was the first Krupp mountain gun to have a recoil mechanism and its predecessor the 7.5 cm Gebirgskanone L/13 C/80 did not have one. For transport, the gun could be dismantled into four mule loads or towed when assembled. Since the gun was short the barrel sat on a dual-height cradle that gave -10° to +15° of elevation in its low setting and -10° to +25° in its high setting. Due to its limited elevation, it was a direct fire weapon meant to fire on troops in the open and the most common shell types were high-explosive, and shrapnel.
Armenochori, Greece

Armenochori (Greek: Αρμενοχώρι; Macedonian: Арменоро, Armenoro; Bulgarian: Арменово, Armenovo or Арменохор, Armenohor) is a village in the Florina regional unit, northern Greece. It is situated along the Greek National Road 2, 4 km northeast of Florina.
In 1845 the Russian slavist Victor Grigorovich recorded Arminor as mainly Bulgarian village. According to the statistics of Geographers Dimitri Mishev and D. M. Brancoff, the town had a total Christian population of 776 in 1905, consisting of 424 Patriarchist Bulgarians (Grecomans) and 352 Exarchist Bulgarians. It also had 2 schools, 1 Bulgarian and 1 Greek.
The 1920 Greek census recorded 871 people in the village, and 40 inhabitants (6 families) were Muslim in 1923. Following the Greek–Turkish population exchange, Greek refugee families in Armenochori were from Pontus (36) in 1926. The 1928 Greek census recorded 1,045 village inhabitants. In 1928, the refugee families numbered 36 (151 people) .
Armenochori had 1046 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Armenochori was populated by Slavophones and a Greek population descended from Anatolian Greek refugees who arrived during the Greek–Turkish population exchange. The Macedonian language was spoken in the village by people over 30 in public and private settings. Children understood the language, but mostly did not use it. Pontic Greek was spoken by people over 60, mainly in private.
In 1990 the Armenochori Cultural Society started collecting objects from folk culture which led to the creation of the Folklore Collection. The collection is housed in the old primary school of Armenochori in the centre of the village. Displayed in the three rooms of the building are objects from folk culture, which come exclusively from the families of Armenochori. There are men's and women's traditional costumes, domestic utensils, various metal, earthenware or wooden objects used in the home, objects relating to cottage industry, the most notable among them being a nineteenth-century loom, farming tools and tools of a number of other occupations, as well as the old pulpit from the village church.
Municipio de Bacalar

El Municipio de Bacalar es uno de los 11 municipios que integran el estado mexicano de Quintana Roo. Fue creado por decreto del Congreso de Quintana Roo el 2 de febrero de 2011,​ segregando su territorio del municipio de Othón P. Blanco. Su cabecera es la ciudad de Bacalar.
El municipio de Bacalar se localiza en el sur del estado de Quintana Roo y todo su territorio formaba parte con anterior a su creación del municipio de Othón P. Blanco y cuenta con un litoral de 20.1 kilómetros de extensión en el mar Caribe; de acuerdo al decreto de su creación tiene una extensión territorial de 7 161.1 kilómetros cuadrados que incluyen un sector de territorio en conflicto con el estado de Campeche.​
Limita al norte con el municipio de José María Morelos y con el municipio de Felipe Carrillo Puerto, y al sur con el municipio de Othón P. Blanco; al oeste sus límites corresponden al estado de Campeche, en particular con el municipio de Calakmul.
En el territorio del municipio hay un total de 57 localidades, la población de las principales es la siguiente:
La aldea de Limones recibió su nombre debido a sus calles bordadas con 500 limoneros.
El municipio de Bacalar fue creado según decreto del Congreso de Quintana Roo con fecha del 2 de febrero de 2011,​ segregando su territorio del municipio de Othón P. Blanco culminando un proceso que había iniciado desde 2001.
De acuerdo al decreto, el gobierno del municipio le corresponderá provisionalmente al Consejo Municipal designado por el propio Congreso del Estado y que entrará en funciones el 11 de abril de 2011 y las concluirá el 29 de septiembre de 2013; el consejo estará integrado por un Presidente Municipal, un Síndico y el cabildo conformado por nueve regidores; el primer ayundamiento constitucional será electo el primer domingo de julio de 2013 y asumirá el 30 de septiembre del mismo año, junto con el resto de los ayuntamientos del estado.​
El 23 de marzo de 2011 el Congreso de Quintana Roo eligió el Consejo Municipal de acuerdo al párrafo anterior, designado como presidente del mismo a Francisco Flota Medrano, asumiendo sus funciones el 11 de abril del mismo año.​
Para la elección de Diputados locales al Congreso de Quintana Roo, y de Diputados federales a la Cámara de Diputados del Congreso de la Unión, el municipio de Bacalar se encuentra integrado a los siguientes distritos electorales:
Local:
Federal:
Laguna de Bacalar

La laguna de Bacalar está localizada al sur del estado mexicano de Quintana Roo, compartida por los municipios de Bacalar y Othón P. Blanco. Se encuentra 35 km al norte de la capital del estado (Chetumal) y a un costado de la ciudad de Bacalar, por la cual recibe su nombre.
La laguna de Bacalar es popularmente conocida como la laguna de los siete colores, pues tiene siete diferentes tonalidades de azul. Esto se debe a las distintas profundidades del agua. Dentro de la laguna hay tres cenotes, cuyas aguas desbordaron y crearon una única laguna. Su forma es estrecha y larga, con 55 km de largo y solo 2.5 km en su punto más ancho. La laguna de Bacalar es uno de los pocos cuerpos de agua superficial permanente de la península de Yucatán, cuyo suelo calcáreo no permite la retención superficial del líquido, formando así corrientes subterráneas y cenotes. La región de Bacalar y el sur de Quintana Roo son excepciones, pues la laguna forma parte de un gran sistema junto con otras lagunas menores como la Laguna Mariscal, la laguna Chile Verde, la Laguna Guerrero y la Laguna Milagros, que están unidas por el estero de Chac, aguadas y pantanos con el Río Hondo y la Bahía de Chetumal. A diferencia de otras partes de la península, este sistema de lagunas, río y bahía permitió las comunicaciones y el desarrollo del sur quitanarroense.
La laguna recibe su nombre por estar situada a sus orillas la ciudad de Bacalar, la población más antigua de Quintana Roo. El nombre proviene del maya "Bakhalal", que significa "rodeado de carrizos". La ciudad fue refundada por los colonizadores españoles, que construyeron el Fuerte de San Felipe para defenderla de los piratas ingleses y de los mayas rebeldes. Hoy el Fuerte es un atractivo turístico.
La laguna contiene el sistema de estromatolitos (también llamados microbialitos) de agua dulce más extenso del mundo. Son ricos en carbonato de calcio y están datados en entre 6 mil y 10 mil años de antigüedad.​ En los últimos años se ha observado su paulatino decaimiento, derivado del aumento en actividades antropogénicas como el turismo extensivo, por lo que algunos puntos de la laguna están protegidos. Sin embargo, por el interés del crecimiento turístico-económico, la laguna de Bacalar no ha podido ser declarada sitio RAMSAR.
Boca Bacalar Chico

La Boca Bacalar Chico es un estrecho canal marítimo que separa el extremo sur de la costa caribeña de la península de Yucatán, en México, y el cabo Ambergris en Belice.
Según el Tratado sobre Límites entre México y Honduras Británica firmado entre México y Gran Bretaña el 8 de julio de 1893, es el punto por donde comienza la Frontera entre Belice y México,​ la boca comunica el Mar Caribe y la Bahía de Chetumal.
Estación de Bacalar

Bacalar es la estación de trenes que ubicada en la localidad de Bacalar, Quintana Roo.​
Andrés Manuel López Obrador anunció en su campaña presidencial del 2018 el proyecto del Tren Maya. El 13 de agosto de 2018 anunció el trazo completo. El recorrido de la nueva ruta del Tren Maya puso a la Estación Bacalar en la ruta que conectaría con Tulum y con Chetumal, Quintana Roo​
Parque nacional Billy Barquedier

El parque nacional Billy Barquedier (en inglés: Billy Barquedier National Park) es un parque nacional en Belice, ubicado entre la milla 16,5 y 19 en la carretera Hummingbird en el distrito de Stann Creek, al sur de la ciudad de Belice. Se encuentra entre las cuencas del río Mullins y el Stann Creek.
El parque nacional consiste en aproximadamente 1.500 acres (6,07 kilómetros cuadrados) de bosque tropical conservado, asentado en la roca metasedimentaria de Santa Rosa.​ Billy Barquedier fue declarado parque nacional en 2001. Desde su fundación, el parque ha sido administrado por la Asociación de Conservación y Turismo Steadfast (STACA) junto con el Departamento Forestal de Belice. El parque consta de un hábitat protegido y una ruta de senderismo que conduce a la cascada Barquedier. La cascada es la principal atracción turística del parque, así como el principal suministro de agua a los tres pueblos de los alrededores.
El área que luego se convertiría en el parque nacional Billy Barquedier fue bautizada así a principios de la década de 1960, por el arroyo Billy Barquedier que la atraviesa. El arroyo se llama así en parte por barquedier cercano (también deletreado barquadier o barcadere), una estructura similar a un muelle.​ Sin embargo, se desconoce el origen del nombre «Billy».
Es el hogar de una gran variedad de vida silvestre. Se dice que es un destino de observación de aves de primer orden, que ofrece vistas de varias especies de aves migratorias y otras especies endémicas, como la motmota de quilla y la curruca cerúlea. Otras especies que se ven a menudo en los senderos del parque son gibnuts, monos aulladores, jaguares y tapires, este último el animal nacional de Belice.​
Xul-Ha

Xul-Ha (del Idioma maya: Final del agua). Es una localidad del estado mexicano de Quintana Roo, localizada al sur del estado en la rivera de la Laguna de Bacalar, forma parte del municipio de Othón P. Blanco.
La comunidad de Xul-Ha se encuentra localizada en el extremo sur de la Laguna de Bacalar, de esta situación deriva su nombre en lengua maya, que significa Final del agua; sus coordenadas geográficas son 18°33′06″N 88°27′50″O﻿ / ﻿18.55167, -88.46389 y tiene una altitud de 25 metros sobre el nivel del mar, sus principales actividades económicas son la ganadería y el turismo, esta última siendo una actividad incipiente. Se encuentra a cinco kilómetros al sur de la ciudad de Bacalar y unos treinta al noroeste de Chetumal, capital del estado. Xul-Ha se encuentra junto a la Carretera federal 307 que es su principal vía de comunicación.
De acuerdo a los resultados del Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2010 realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía tiene un total de 2037 habitantes de los cuales 1035 son hombres y 1002 son mujeres.​
Bacalar

Bacalar (Spanish: [bakaˈlaɾ] ) is the municipal seat and largest city in Bacalar Municipality (until 2011 a part of Othón P. Blanco Municipality) in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Chetumal. In the 2010 census the city had a population of 11,084. At that time it was still part of Othón P. Blanco, and was its second-largest city (locality), after Chetumal.
The name most likely derives from Mayan languages: bʼak halal, (Sian Ka'an Bakhalal) meaning "surrounded by reeds", the name of the locality attested at the time of the 16th century arrival of the Spanish.
Lake Bacalar, a lagoon, is on the east side of the town.
Bacalar was a city of the Maya civilization in Pre-Columbian times, and was founded in 415 A.D. with the name of "Sian Ka'an Bakhalal". It was the first city in the region that the Spanish Conquistadores succeeded in taking and holding, in 1543 (during the 1543–1544 Pachecos entrada). In 1545 Gaspar Pacheco established the Spanish town here with the name Salamanca de Bacalar with the help of Juan de la Cámara. The southern half of what is now Quintana Roo was governed from Bacalar, answerable to the Captain General of Yucatán in Mérida.
After pirates sacked the town in the 17th century, the Fortress de San Felipe Bacalar was completed in 1729, and may be visited today.
In 1848 Bacalar had a population of about 5,000. In 1848, during the Caste War of Yucatán, rebellious Chan Santa Cruz Maya conquered the town. It was retaken by the Mexicans in 1902.
Bacalar was named a "Pueblo Mágico" in 2006.
Between 2005 and 2010 so-called Russian Mennonites who speak German established a colony in Salamanca that had 967 inhabitants in 2010 and 1.175 in 2020. All inhabitants were Protestants and only one of those aged 15 and over was illiterate.
Bacalar is also served by a station of the Tren Maya, which opened on October 6, 2024, alongside the Chetumal Airport railway station.
Additionally, the nearby Limones [es] and Chacchoben archeological sites are served by a separate Tren Maya station, called the Limones-Chacchoben railway station [es] (Estación de Limones-Chacchoben).
18°40′37″N 88°23′43″W﻿ / ﻿18.67694°N 88.39528°W﻿ / 18.67694; -88.39528
List of municipalities in Mexico by population

The following is a list of the most populous incorporated places in Mexico (municipalities) according to the 2020 Mexican National Census.
This list refers only to the population of individual municipalities within their defined limits, which does not include other municipalities or unincorporated suburban areas within urban agglomerations.
‡ A new municipality, San Quintín, was created out of Ensenada's territory in February 2020. ‡‡ A new municipality, Bacalar, was created out of Othon P. Blanco's territory in February 2011.
Lake Bacalar

Lake Bacalar (or Laguna Bacalar) is a long, narrow freshwater lake in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico near Mexico's border with Belize. It is approximately 60km long measured from north to south, and 2km at its widest. It is the second largest freshwater lake in Mexico behind Lake Chapala. The lake is renowned for its striking blue color and water clarity, partly the result of having a white limestone bottom. Like most bodies of water in the Yucatán peninsula, the lake is fed by underground rivers, whose regular open pools are cenotes. Because of the porous limestone, the Yucatán Peninsula has almost no lakes, this is by far the largest, and fed by the 450 km underground river that is part of the worlds's largest water cave/tunnel system, paralleling the coast.
It contains a huge population of the oldest life on the planet, the cauliflower-like stromatolites that only still exist in a few locations globally. On the lake's western shore is the village of Bacalar, population 11,084.
In November 2015, Mexico's federal environmental protection agency issued a pollution alert for Lake Bacalar as a result of illegal dumping and inadequate wastewater treatment.
Bacalar Municipality

Bacalar is one of the eleven municipalities of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The municipal seat and most populous town is the eponymous Bacalar. The municipality was formed on February 2, 2011, when it separated from the Municipality of Othón P. Blanco.
As 2020, Bacalar Municipality had a population of 41,754 inhabitants. Bacalar, the municipal seat, had a population of 12,527. Other localities include Limones (2,739 hab.), Maya Balam (2,675 hab.), Los Divorciados (1,249) and Reforma (1,213 hab.)
Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo

Othón P. Blanco is one of the eleven subdivisions (municipios) of the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. It had a 2020 census population of 233,648 people. Its municipal seat is the city of Chetumal, which also serves as the state capital. The municipality is named after Othón P. Blanco Núñez de Cáceres.
The municipal government is headed by the municipal president of Othón P. Blanco (mayor of Othón P. Blanco, aka mayor of Chetumal).
It was formerly the fifth-largest municipality in land area in Mexico at 17,189.7 square kilometres (6,637.0 sq mi), occupying more than a third of the entire state. It lost about 40% of its territory when the Bacalar Municipality was created out of Othón P. Blanco on February 2, 2011.
The 2010 census enumerated 727 populated localities plus 804 unpopulated localities. The largest localities (cities, towns, and villages) are listed below. In 2011, the municipality was split into two parts, with many of the localities now comprising part of the newly created Bacalar Municipality.
The vegetation found in the municipality of Othon P. Blanco is mostly of medium forest, spanning most of the interior of the municipality and there are more representative plant species are the sapodilla, the ramon, the guayabillo and chaco, more isolated areas within the municipality is populated by high forest, where you can find the siricote, the palo de tinte and mahogany, to the southwest of the town are engaged in areas of rainfed agriculture and irrigation, the main crop of sugarcane, along with the Caribbean coast can be traced mainly mangroves.
The fauna is rich and varied, among the main species is the manatee, marine mammal that lives in bays and lagoons lictors and has become a symbol of the region, and one can find species such as agouti, wild boar, white-tailed deer, otters, turtles and birds.
For the protection of animal and plant species in Othon P. Blanco there are three zones of ecological reserve, the area of Protection of Flora and Fauna Uaymil located on the northeast coast of the territory, near Mahahual, and the Manatee Sanctuary in the Bay of Chetumal and the Biosphere Reserve Banco Chinchorro.
Located on the coast, the eco resort of Kabah-na offers only four cabins in a hexagon shape to circulate the air and thatched roofs which keep the interior temperature cool. A complex system of solar panels provides energy 24 hours a day as well as hot water. The resort offers restaurant, beach bar, outdoor showers, hammocks, beach volleyball, canoes, snorkeling equipment and more.
At Laguna de Bacalar is Rancho Encantado which is located on the edge of a lagoon. It consists of twelve cabins palm-thatched roofs, handmade furniture and decorated with Mexican accents. The cabins are surrounded by tropical gardens in which live more than 150 species of birds among the tropical fruit orchards.
Municipalities of Quintana Roo

Quintana Roo is a state in southeast Mexico established out of the Quintana Roo Territory in 1974 with seven municipalities, which has since grown into eleven municipalities. According to the 2020 Mexican census, it has the twenty-fourth largest population of all states with 1,857,985 inhabitants and is the 19th largest by land area spanning 44,705.2 square kilometres (17,260.8 sq mi).
Municipalities in Quintana Roo are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Their legal framework derives from the state Constitution. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system. The president heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than locally.
As of 2020, the largest municipality by population is Benito Juárez with 911,503 residents while the smallest is Isla Mujeres with 22,686 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Felipe Carrillo Puerto which spans 12,939.30 km (4,995.89 sq mi), and the smallest is Cozumel with 488.00 km (188.42 sq mi). The newest municipality is Puerto Morelos which was created out of Benito Juárez in 2016.
† State capital
Caye Chapel

17°41′45″N 88°2′33″W﻿ / ﻿17.69583°N 88.04250°W﻿ / 17.69583; -88.04250
Caye Chapel is a small, private island in Belize, 16 miles (26 km) north-northeast of Belize City and 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Caye Caulker. It was once owned by Isaiah Emmanuel Morter, Belize's first African millionaire.
Caye Chapel is adjacent to the Bacalar Chico National Park and Marine Reserve (BCNPMR), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. BCNPMR is part of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, the world's second longest barrier reef, which is home to the Great Blue Hole and other popular SCUBA diving destinations accessible from Caye Chapel.
In comparison to other typically rural cayes and islands in the vicinity, it features an airstrip, 18 hole golf course, 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m) clubhouse and conference facilities. The golf course, named White Shark Golf Course, was co-designed by former PGA Tour player and World Golf Hall of Fame member Greg Norman, alongside former LPGA Tour player and World Golf Hall of Fame member Lorena Ochoa. The golf course is situated within the middle area of the 280 acre island, with the southernmost point of the golf course situated beside the Caye Chapel airstrip.
Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, on September 2, 2023, again announced plans for the development of Caye Chapel, but the project has been stalled for many years. It is expected to feature approximately 50 private estate lots, 35 private residences, and 100 guest rooms and suites.
It is possible to snorkel and fish around the island.
Belizean reef mangroves

The Belizean reef mangroves ecoregion (WWF ID: NT1406) covers the mangrove habitats along the islands and cayes of the Belize Barrier Reef. This ecoregion is distinct from the mainland Belizean Coast mangroves ecoregion, and may be considered a sub-unit of the overall Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves ecoregion.
The mangrove habitats of this ecoregion are associated with the islands along the 220 km Belize barrier reef, stretching from the Mexico border south; the ecoregion also extends across three coral atolls (Turneffe Atoll, Lighthouse Reef and Glover's Reef), sea grass beds and some coastal lagoons.
The climate of the ecoregion is Tropical savanna climate - dry winter (Köppen climate classification (Aw)). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year, and a pronounced dry season. The driest month has less than 60 mm (2.4 in) of precipitation, and is drier than the average month.
The most common mangrove tree species in this ecoregion is the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), with some white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa, black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), and coconut palms (Cocos nucifera).
Mammals of conservation interest include the vulnerable West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), the endangered green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), the critically endangered hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), the vulnerable loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), and the vulnerable American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). The ecoregion supports significant bird colonies, including the red-footed booby (Sula sula), brown booby (Sula leucogaster), and the brown ('common') noddy (Anous stolidus).
About 12% of the land area of the Belizean Barrier Reefs are officially protect, a portion of which is mangrove habitat. Protected areas in this ecoregion include:
Sarstoon-Temash National Park

Sarstoon-Temash is the southernmost national park in Belize. The national park was designated in 1994, and covers an area of 165.92 km. It is managed by the Sarstoon Temash Institute for Indigenous Management (SATIIM), in partnership with the Forest Department.
The park is bounded on the south by the Sarstoon River, which forms the border with Guatemala. The lower Temash River runs through the park. It is bounded on the east by the Caribbean Sea.
The park includes a variety of habitat types. Seasonally and permanently flooded tropical forests predominate, which are part of the Petén–Veracruz moist forests ecoregion. Wetland habitats include 1,100 hectares of freshwater sphagnum moss bog, which are distinct in the region, and the Belize's only stands of comfra palm (Manicaria saccifera). The park also includes a brackish-to-saline inland lagoon, which forms a transition between the freshwater wetlands and 9,600 hectares of saline mangrove swamps. The mangrove swamps are Belize's largest and least-disturbed stand of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle).
The park is home to several threatened and vulnerable species of animals, including the black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya), hickatee turtle (Dermatemys mawii), Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii), West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), and Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii).
The indigenous Kekchi Maya and Garifuna people live in the park's buffer zone, and both peoples attach cultural importance to areas of the park.
The park is jointly managed by the Sarstoon Temash Institute for Indigenous Management (SATIIM) and Belize's forest department. The park was designated a wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention in 2005.
Threats to the park include illegal logging of valuable mahogany, cedar, and rosewood timber.
2021 in Mexico

This article lists events occurring in Mexico during the year 2021. The article lists the most important political leaders during the year at both federal and state levels and will include a brief year-end summary of major social and economic issues. Cultural events, including major sporting events, are also listed. For a more expansive list of political events, see 2021 in Mexican politics and government.
Mónica Fernández Balboa MORENA
Dulce María Sauri Riancho PRI
Della Dartyan

Della Erawati Dartyan (lahir 15 Desember 1989) adalah pemeran, model, dan presenter Indonesia.
Della merupakan anak tunggal dari pasangan Yan Dartyan dan Rini Widayati.
Pada tahun 2011, Della memerankan tokoh Neneng dalam film panjang perdananya yang berjudul Arwah Kuntilanak Duyung. Kemudian, ia mengikuti kontes kecantikan Puteri Indonesia pada tahun 2012 dengan mewakili provinsi Banten. Di tahun 2013, Della mengikuti kompetisi model lainnya, yakni Miss ASEAN 2013. Dalam kompetisi tersebut, Della mendapat gelar Miss Photogenic.
Kereta kuda

Kereta kuda merupakan kendaraan beroda yang terdiri atas 1 kotak besar, setengah bundar maupun jenis lain yang ditarik oleh kuda, ditopang oleh pegas di dalamnya terdapat 2 bangku yang dapat menampung 2 orang atau lebih. Kereta kuda ada yang beroda 2 dan ada juga yang beroda 4.
Dengan perkembangan kendaraan bermotor, secara praktis kereta kuda mulai lenyap dari jalanan di kota-kota besar dan kereta kuda biasanya hanya ada untuk tujuan wisata maupun tujuan lainnya.
Terdapat sejumlah jenis kereta kuda, seperti:
Sado (kereta kuda)

Sado (bahasa Prancis: "dos-à-dos", yang memiliki arti "membelakangi") adalah sejenis kereta kuda. Sado merupakan salah satu kendaraan berbentuk kereta yang dilengkapi dengan gerobak dan dua roda serta ciri khas utamanya ditarik dengan menggunakan kuda. Sado sendiri mulai digunakan pada tahun 1897. Sado memiliki kereta secara fisik lebih rendah dari dokar/delman, sedangkan kusir sado sering dipanggil sais. Keunikan sado terletak pada desain dan tempat duduk. Pada delman kusir dan penumpang duduk dalam satu kabin, sedangkan pada sado kusir dan penumpang duduk berlawanan arah, yakni dua menghadap ke depan termasuk kusir dan dua menghadap ke belakang, sehingga terlihat saling memunggungi satu sama lain.
Daftar kereta api di Indonesia

Berikut ini adalah daftar kereta api yang beroperasi maupun yang sudah tidak beroperasi di Indonesia.
Berikut ini adalah daftar stasiun pemberhentian layanan kereta api antarkota di Pulau Jawa dan Sumatra bagian utara sesuai Gapeka 2025, tidak termasuk Stasiun Jatinegara untuk kedatangan penumpang dari stasiun asal.
Keterangan:* Jawa bagian barat: Banten, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat
Jawa bagian tengah: Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Jawa bagian timur: Jawa Timur
Berikut ini adalah layanan kereta api antarkota di Pulau Sumatra bagian Barat dan Selatan sesuai Gapeka 2023.
Kereta api Ijen Ekspres

Kereta api Ijen Ekspres merupakan layanan kereta api penumpang kelas eksekutif dan ekonomi yang dioperasikan oleh Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) untuk melayani relasi Ketapang–Malang. Kereta api ini akan membantu tugas Kereta api Tawang Alun yang memiliki kelas ekonomi bersubsidi (PSO).
Nama Ijen Ekspres sendiri berasal dari gunung api stratovolcano yang terletak di kedua perbatasan Tapal Kuda di Jawa Timur adalah Kabupaten Bondowoso dan Kabupaten Banyuwangi yaitu Gunung Ijen.
Sebelum adanya kereta api Ijen Ekspres rute Banyuwangi–Malang, dahulunya ada rumor layanan kereta api ini dengan rute Jember–Jakarta pada Gapeka 2023, meskipun kereta api Ijen Ekspres belum terdaftar dalam Grafik perjalanan kereta api tahun 2023. Namun kereta ini dibatalkan dan digantikan dengan layanan kereta api Pandalungan rute Jakarta–Jember melewati lintas utara Jawa. Pada tahun 2025, layanan kereta api ini muncul kembali di Gapeka 2025 dengan rute Banyuwangi–Malang, yaitu kereta api Ijen Ekspres.
Di Gapeka 2025, kereta api Ijen Ekspres menggunakan rangkaian kereta eksekutif baja nirkarat produksi tahun 2018 yang merupakan bekas dari Depo Jakarta Kota, sedangkan kereta ekonomi generasi terbaru modifikasi yang merupakan bekas dari Depo Sidotopo. Rangkaian kereta api ini terdiri dari tiga kereta kelas eksekutif baja nirkarat, tiga kereta kelas ekonomi generasi terbaru hasil modifikasi Balai Yasa Manggarai, dan satu kereta makan pembangkit.
Berdasarkan grafik perjalanan kereta api 2025 per 1 Februari 2025, kereta api Ijen Ekspres melayani pemberhentian penumpang di stasiun-stasiun berikut.
(Indonesia) Situs resmi KAI dan jadwal kereta api
Tong-tong

Seni Musik Tong-Tong adalah alat musik Tradisional Perkusi dari Madura yang terbuat dari Kayu. Mulanya hanya disebut Tong saja berasal dari alat musik Patrol Kentongan kecil terbuat dari bambu ataupun Kentongan besar kayu terbuat dari Kayu yang lazim ditemukan di Jawa. Seni musik ini pada mulanya digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengingatkan sahur di bulan puasa. Hal ini ditemukan pertama kali di daerah Pasongsongan - Sumenep. Hingga kini perkusi ini mengalami modifikasi luar biasa.[1]
Kesenian musik Tong tong merupakan warisan budaya madura yang kaya, menggabungkan seni musik madura dengan dekorasi kereta yang artistik, dihias dengan berbagai ornamen, ukiran, dan bentuk bentuk yang menarik, ada pula yang menyerupai binatang dalam legenda, seperti kuda terbang dan naga.
Dekorasi tongtong semakin menarik dengan ditambahkannya lampu hias yang membuat dekorasi menjadi semakin menarik dan jelas dipandang mata saat malam hari.
Awalnya kentongan besar terbuat dari kayu ini hanya memiliki 3 buah nada. Yaitu nada tinggi, nada sedang, dan tengah. Kemudian semakin berkembangnya zaman, Kentongan memiliki nada yang divariasi dan lebih banyak dari sebelumnya. Bahkan alat musik ini dimainkan secara bersama-sama dengan alat musik lainnya seperti kendang, balungan gambang saron, kenong hingga tong drum plastik besar Namun, tetap keras dan bertalu-talu, maka dari itulah dikenal dengan Tong-Tong karena lebih didominasi tong drum yang berjejer.[2]
Selain dimainkan dalam bentuk instrumen, kerap juga tong-tong dilengkapi dengan nyanyian koor (lagu yang dinyanyikan secara bersama-sama) dengan lagu madura, seperti Olle olaang, pajjar lagghu. Kadang pula dinyanyikan dengan lagu-lagu qosidah.
Rungkup kuda

Rungkup kuda adalah alat yang menghubungkan kuda dengan kendaraan yang ditarik kuda atau jenis beban lain untuk ditarik. Ada dua desain utama rungkup kuda: (1) kerah dada atau tali dada, dan (2) kerah penuh atau kerah-dan-palang kuasa.
Di seluruh dunia kuno, rungkup "leher dan amben' digunakan untuk mengikat kuda yang menarik kereta ; Hal ini sangat membatasi kemampuan kuda untuk mengerahkan tenaganya karena ia terus-menerus tercekik di bagian leher. Sebuah lukisan pada kotak pernis dari Negara Bagian Chu, tertanggal abad ke-4 SM, menunjukkan penggunaan kuk pertama yang diketahui ditempatkan di dada kuda, dengan jejak yang menghubungkan ke batang kereta. Kuk keras yang melintang di dada kuda berangsur-angsur digantikan dengan tali pengikat dada, yang sering digambarkan pada ukiran relief dan cap makam dari Dinasti Han (202 SM). – 220 M). Akhirnya, kalung kuda ditemukan di Tiongkok, setidaknya pada abad ke-5.
Rungkup pertunjukan untuk mengemudi kereta ringan memiliki kerah dada, bukan kerah kuda dan dibuat dari kulit yang kuat namun tampak halus, biasanya berwarna hitam dan sangat halus.
Bobot yang lebih ringan tetapi rungkup yang kuat mirip dengan rungkup pertunjukan, digunakan untuk menarik kendaraan penumpang seperti kereta atau gerobak, atau beban ringan lainnya.
Rungkup balap, seperti rungkup pertunjukan, adalah tali rungkup dada. Kuda dipasang pada kereta roda dua yang sangat ringan, yang disebut sulki . Kebanyakan rungkup balap dilengkapi dengan martingale berdiri dan tali kalang.
2022 Indonesian criminal code protest

In 2022, there were a series of criminal code protests in Indonesia relating to a set of human rights laws in the old criminal code that were repealed by the Indonesian Parliament. There were protests in Tasikmalaya and Bandung (West Java), as well as around the presidential palace in central Jakarta.
On 6 December 2022, the Indonesian Parliament voted to approve a new criminal code for Indonesia on the basis of decolonization, which repeals the old criminal code and its amendments. Initially, the new code was supposed to pass in 2019, yet amid mass street demonstrations across the country, the process was ultimately halted as President Joko Widodo had asked Parliament to revise problematic clauses. The protest comes as the new criminal code introduced some controversial new laws, such as banning unmarried couple to cohabit; banning the defamation of the president, government ministers and agencies; banning of demonstration without notice; the witchcraft act (article 252); and the privacy act (article 412), etc. Some human rights experts have even called it "a step backward in Indonesian democracy".
The new penal code contains 624 articles, which the government claimed it had spent the past years gathering feedback from stakeholders, experts and the public following a nationwide protest against the code in 2019. The new code, which applies to Indonesians and foreigners alike, will not take immediate effect, but instead, three years after the bill is enacted into law, in which opponents can file requests for judicial review of the code to the Constitutional Court.
On 15 December 2022, students in Tasikmalaya, West Java, temporarily occupied the Regional People's Representative Council office.
On 16 December 2022, students in Bandung, West Java protested in the Regional People's Representatives Council office (DPRD) Bandung, the Demonstrations clashed with the Indonesian Police who splashed water cannon to disperse the protesters. A total of 30 students were arrested.
In another demonstration during the same day, in the MPR/DPR/DPD building student demonstrators commemorated the 1,000 day death toll due to the #ReformasiDiKorupsi demonstration in 2019. "The government and DPR seem to have forgotten that five lives were lost as a result of the wave of rejection of the RKUHP in 2019," said Bayu Satria Utomo, the Chairman of the Student Executive Board of the University of Indonesia (BEM UI).
On 20 December 2022, the Student Executive body throughout Indonesia (BEM-SI) conducted protests near the Presidential Palace in front of the Horse Statue area, Central Jakarta. They brought a coffin and a delman with a photo of the President in front of it. The students said that the coffin symbolizes the "death of democracy".
Laura Basuki

Laura Basuki (born 9 January 1988) is an Indonesian model and actress of mixed Javanese, Chinese and Vietnamese descent.
Basuki was born in Berlin on 9 January 1988 to an Indonesian-Chinese dad and a Vietnamese mom. As a teenager, she intended to be a doctor. However, her mother pressured her into becoming a model. The 1.74 m (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) tall Basuki, who weighed 49 kilograms (108 lb), enrolled at the OQ Modeling School in 2005.
Her first modelling job was at a bridal pageant showing the works of Bijan Wanaatmadja. This was followed by spots marketing products including Coca-Cola and Vaseline. As the modelling work kept her too busy to study medicine, Basuki began studying economics.
In 2008, Basuki was cast in her first role, Gara-Gara Bola (Because of Football), after the producer Nia Dinata saw Basuki's face in a magazine. She played the role of a bookie's wife after a month of coaching. Gara-Gara Bola garnered her two awards at the 2009 Indonesian Movie Awards.
Two years later, Basuki played a Catholic woman in love with a Muslim man in Tiga Hati, Dua Dunia, Satu Cinta (Three Hearts, Two Worlds, One Love), which was a critical success. For her work, Basuki received a Citra Award for Best Actress at the 2010 Indonesian Film Festival. Also in 2010, Basuki served as an emcee hosting a quiz show for the MNC Group; the programme, broadcast during the 2010 FIFA World Cup, was about football.
Basuki married businessman Leo Sanjaya in 2011. In early 2012, she played a journalist in Agus Kuntz' film Republik Twitter (The Twitter Republic). Basuki's fourth film, Di Timur Matahari (East of the Sun), debuted on 12 June 2012. A children's movie directed by Ari Sihasale, it followed Basuki's character Vina as she moved to Papua with her Papuan husband. For the shooting, she spent over a month in the mountainous inner regions of the island, bathing only weekly.
In 2013 she was in a film entitled Madre, and followed by a role in 2015's film Love and Faith. Later, she starred as badminton legend Susi Susanti in 2019's biopic film Susi Susanti: Love All. For her portrayal of Susanti, Basuki won the Citra Award for Best Actress in 2020.
In 2022, Basuki starred in Kamila Andini's Before, Now & Then, a beguiling drama set in 1960s Indonesia. The film had its international premiere at the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival. At the festival, Basuki was honored with Silver Bear for Best Supporting Performance.
Delman Coates

Delman L. Coates (born January 13, 1973) is an American Baptist minister. He is senior pastor of Mt. Ennon Baptist Church, a megachurch located in Clinton, Maryland, since 2004.
Coates is founder of the Our Money Campaign, an economic justice campaign launched in May 2019. He is founder of the Black Church Center for Justice & Equality. Coates is a board member of the National Action Network.
Coates was born on January 13, 1973, in Richmond, Virginia. He has one sister. He studied Religion at Morehouse College and earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1995, then he studied at Harvard Divinity School and earned a Master of Divinity in 1998. He also studied at Columbia University, earned his Master of Philosophy in Religion in 2002 and his Ph.D. in New Testament and Early Christianity in 2006.
In 2004, he became senior pastor of Mt. Ennon Baptist Church, a megachurch located in Clinton, Maryland.
In 2012, Coates announced his support for same-sex marriage. Following this announcement, less than 10 people left the church for this reason while 1,000 people joined the church during that year, a record number of new members for the church.
Maryland House of Delegates member Heather Mizeur named Coates as her running mate in the 2014 race for governor.
Coates wrote an essay titled “The New Abolitionism: Monetary Reform and the Future of Civil Rights” which appears in the book Mr. President: Interfaith Perspectives on the Historic Presidency of Barack H. Obama (2017).
38°45′14″N 76°55′20.6″W﻿ / ﻿38.75389°N 76.922389°W﻿ / 38.75389; -76.922389
Delmán Useche

Delmán Useche (21 June 1948 – 1 December 1993) was a Venezuelan footballer. He was part of Venezuela's squad for the 1975 Copa América tournament.
"Pito" Useche was one of the best players in the Little Maracanazo of Deportivo Italia in 1971.
Useche died on 1 December 1993, at the age of 45.