Marathi Keertan

Marathi Kirtan or " Kirtan " is an art of spiritual teaching through story-telling. It is typically performed by one or two main performers, called Keertankar, accompanied by harmonium, Castanets/chiplya/Kartal/Khartal, Manjeera/Taal/Jhaanj/cymbals, Tambori, Mridang/Pakhwaj and Tabla musicians. It involves singing, acting, dancing, and story-telling. However it is unlike any other performing art as it is basically pure glorification of god and godly acts.
Based on the format and subjects, Keertan / Kirtan has been classified into several types, described in the sections below.
In Indian mythology, the story of Bhakta Prahlad is famous for the uninterrupted devotion of a small child towards the almighty God, despite the obstacles created by his own father, demon Hiranyakashipu. In the same "Avatar katha" (Story of the Avatar), child Prahlad the heavenly prince defines 9 types of "Bhakti" devotion. The relevant shloka says,
Meaning -There are 9 types (stages) of "Bhakti" or ways of devotion.
The second type namely, "Keertan or Kirtan" is performing art of presenting sayings from old good books and mythological literature along with a tint of music, dance, humor, etc. Due to scarce means of transport and communications, the performers called Keertankars travel a lot. Town to town and place to place over long periods, and offer performances so as to enlighten the people. All over India this form of devotion is still alive and prevalent in one form or another. All states have Keertans in Temples, Gurudwaras, Mandirs and holy festival places too.
Keertan is also called Hari Keertan, Katha or Harikatha, Sankirtan, Nam sankeertan, etc. Keertan carries a tradition as old as times of age old muni Narada the best devotee of lord Vishnu. Naradiya keertan follows a format that is named after Narada the sacred son of Brahmadev or lord Brahma .
or "Naradiya Kirtan" an age old form of devotion, admire of gods and godly acts, glorification of the almighty, and also a tool used by the performers to keep people updated on the world out of their towns and also to educate the masses about good values of life and very purpose of human life, through a medium of "ONE MAN SHOW" consisting of prose and musical performance given at the temples and other holy places.
In this format Keertan is divided into 5 parts ,
It lasts for period of any length, ideally for half an hour to 3 hours at a stretch.
There are no hard and fast written rules, and different dress codes are prevalent in different geographic and social environments. However, by convention and as an age-old practice and tradition, men wear
The performer has accomplished musical instruments like harmonium, drums, and string instruments of various types mostly "Zanz", "chipali", "Tal" or "Chimata".The performer needs to study a lot of things in literature, music dance, humor, and acting. He has to be a good orator and an able debating artist. Usually, the subjects are full of devotion, sacrifice, kindness, bravery, values of life, extinguishing ills of life, and personal development of each individual physically and spiritually.
A lot of reading, the practice of debating, musical training, sound memory, and all-around knowledge only can make a good performer in Keertan. But after all, the main cause and purpose of Keertan is the "glorification of god and godly acts"
The main institute for training is "Keertan Kul", with office situated at Sangli and the "Shankaracharya of Karaveer Peeth " as Chair person. There are some institutes offering the training in Keertan apart from individual schools and coaching classes in small towns all over India.
Marathi Naradiya keertan is taught at the following locations in its formal traditional way:
There are also some smaller schools at Goa, Beed and Ujjain.
These are working as independent autonomous bodies. Different institutes offer education in different languages as suitable for the students and audiences around e.g. Institutes in Maharashtra prefer Marathi medium while those in Karnataka go for Kannada, Hindi is medium in U P and M.P, and Punjabi in Punjab and so on. Some have started training in various mediums including Hindi and English too along with the local language.
Naradiya Keertan knows no boundaries. It accepts saying from great authors all over the world, if they suit their subject under consideration as to prove the principle or spiritual lessons. The training is also available by postal course also if one wants to do it at home as self studying, with outside guidance in literature and music. A good knowledge of "Sanskrit" the ancient language of India is essential for a best performer. Mostly it tells stories of old mythology and religious deeds of great lives including god and godly men.
There are several types of performing the Naradiya Keertan. The format, sequence, and dress code is similar, except for the stuff elaborated.
A. Rashtriya Keertan
Rashtriya literally means nationalist. It is a subform of Naradiya Keertan. Any Naradiya Keertan with nationalist thoughts is considered as a Rashtriya Keertan. Having taken inspiration from Indian freedom fighter Lokmanya Tilak, a medical practitioner from a small town of Wai-district Satara shri Dattopant Patwardhan, left his profession and became the pioneer of this form of Naradiya Keertan. He started this new era of Rashtriya keertan. He used the format of Naradiya keertan to teach the masses and make awareness amongst them about the struggle for freedom against the British regime. He used many mythological stories from great epics which gave the message to the masses and encouraged the movement for liberty. In modern times, stories of great scientists, warriors, freedom fighters and social reformers National leaders, battles fought, etc. are conveniently selected to entertain and educate the masses. So, Naradiya keertan is still a popular tool of mass education. It serves today as an art of spiritual training through entertainment. It is devotion with an added stint of nationalism and art.
B. Ramdasi Keertan
This form was named after Samarth Ramdas. Here the format is like Naradiya Keertan, only difference is it is based on poetry by Samarth Ramdas, and mostly the stories selected are from "Ramayana". In between chanting is also dedicated to lord Ram, glorifying his deeds and bravery. In his world known book "Dasbodh", Samarth Ramdas has explained in detail how a keertan should be performed effectively. Generally, the dress code of Ramdasi Panth containing saffron-colored gears is used for this type of Naradiya Keertan.
C. Jugalbandi Keertan
This format is just like Naradiya Keertan. It was most evolved form that is performed by two persons together. The philosophy is presented from all angles, sometimes contradicting each other. The performance is more interesting as it goes in question-Answer form, sometimes creating a dialogue with audiences also. Finally both the performers come to a conclusion that gives some spiritual lesson for the listeners.
Varkari Keertan was pioneered by Sant Namdev around 900 years back in Maharashtra. It is usually based on poetry of 7 famous saints of Maharashtra namely, Saint Nivruttinath, Sant Dnyaneshwar, Sopandev, Muktabai, saint Eknath, Saint Namdev, and Saint Tukaram maharaj. Sometimes other sayings of saints are chosen.
The show goes for 2 or 3 hours as time permits and is not divided into parts like "Naradiya Keertan". This form was effectively performed for years by personalities like "Hari Bhakti Parayan" (sincere devotee of god) Sonopant (mama) Dandekar, Dhunda maharaj Deglurkar, Babamaharaj Satarkar, Dekhanebuwa, and many others in modern times. An institute at Alandi near Pune offers training in this form of Keertan.
Some modern types such as Scientific Kirtan or Corporate Kirtan are popular in society. Various videos of the Marathi Kirtans of the lives of legends like Homi K. Bhabha, C. V. Raman, M. Visvesvaraya are available on the internet.
Traditional Religious Naradiya Kirtan on Marathi Saint Tukamai: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZEoRmkyD0M
Typical Varkari Kirtan based on a Marathi Poem 'Abhanga': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrMzcpN_tu8
Marathi Scientific Kirtan on the life of a famous scientist Dr. Homi Bhabha: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCMTRzYQoO4
Typical Ramdasi Kirtan based on the life of a Samarth Ramdas disciple - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn-Cm_GqGqY