The Blue Guitar

The Blue Guitar is a suite of twenty etchings with aquatint by David Hockney, drawn in 1976–77 and published in 1977 in London and New York by Petersburg Press.
The frontispiece to the portfolio mentions Hockney's dual inspirations:
In 1976 Henry Geldzahler introduced Hockney to Wallace Stevens' 1937 poem, The Man with the Blue Guitar, which used Picasso's Blue period painting The Old Guitarist (1903–04) as its central theme. Hockney produced a number of drawings in response to the poem, which highlights the problem of the imagination's role in interpreting reality, and produced a set of coloured etchings using the method devised by Aldo Crommelynck for Picasso to make colour prints. Hockney said his illustrations "like the poem, they are about transformations within art as well as the relation between reality and the imagination, so these are pictures within pictures and different styles of representation juxtaposed and reflected and dissolved within the same frame. Wallace Stevens (1879–1955) began writing poetry in his 40s, and, while never a popular poet, is counted one of North America's most influential poets of the 20th century."
(Artist's statement on dust-jacket of the accompanying catalogue documenting the publication of The Blue Guitar suite of etchings).
Pablo Picasso died in Mougins, France on 8 April 1973, age 91.
Hockney moves to Paris in the autumn of 1973, where Picasso had lived for most of his life.
Hockney befriends Picasso's Master printmaker, Aldo Crommelynck at his studio, Atelier Crommelynck.
Hockney creates The Student: Homage to Picasso (1973) with Crommelynck, in the spirit of Picasso's renowned Vollard Suite (1930−37) commissioned by the publisher Propyläen-Verlag (Berlin), to honour Picasso as part of a commemorative portfolio Homage to Picasso (Hommage à Picasso) In the process, Crommelynck teaches his signature technique to Hockney, the Sugar lift aquatint, which enables brush marks to be recreated on the etched plate, a technique Crommelynck had previously kept secret to use exclusively and extensively with Picasso for the two decades prior.
Hockney then creates a small suite in two colours (red and blue) with Crommelynck combining the two techniques, entitled Gustave Flaubert: A Simple Heart (1974) after the 1877 novella A Simple Heart, (also published as A Simple Soul), by Gustave Flaubert. Here Crommelynck imparted another of his previously secret techniques to Hockney, how to use a single plate for multi-coloured etchings, rather than having to register separate plates for each colour. (Both this technique and the sugar lift were revelations for Hockney and proved essential to the genesis of his later 'Blue Guitar' prints).
Hockney returns to London and teaches his friend and master printmaker Maurice Payne both of the Crommelynck techniques, resulting in the artwork Showing Maurice the Sugar Lift (1974).
Other images created at this time include Artist and Model (1973–74) which contrasts etching techniques Hockney employed before and after Crommelynk's tutorage, and Contrejour in the French style (1974), both published by Petersburg Press, London.
Hockney's regular summer companion, the curator Henry Geldzahler introduced Hockney to the modernist poet Wallace Stevens' poem, The Man with the Blue Guitar, in the summer of 1976, while holidaying together on Fire Island, NY, along with the writer Christopher Isherwood.
After a series of ink drawings, Hockney draws the twenty etchings in London, collaborating with friend and master printmaker Maurice Payne at Petersburg Press.
Stevens's meditation on Picasso's painting The Old Guitarist (1903–04), leads Hockney to paint additional reflections in his London painting studio, resulting in Model with Unfinished Self Portrait (1977) which shows Gregory Evans lying asleep in front of painting Self Portrait with Blue Guitar (1977), oil on canvas.
Editioning by Richard Spare and Dany Levy in London, who had first choice of the images, with Jennifer Melby and Prawatt Laucharoen editioning in New York. Each image is handprinted from two copper plates and inked by hand from a selection of five colours, red, yellow, blue, green and black.
Once editioned, the 40 plates were "cancelled" by punching holes through them, destroying their ability to produce the artis' intended image. A "cancellation proof" was then printed for each image to prove that the plates were no longer able to produce the artist's intended image, and so assure buyers of the rarity of the limited edition. On behalf of the artist, Petersburg Press then donated both the Cancellation Proofs and the forty cancelled plates to the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Publication by Petersburg Press Ltd. simultaneously in London (59a Portobello Road, W11) and New York (17 East 74th Street, NY 10021).
The Museum of Modern Art holds a solo exhibition dedicated to the suite in the Sachs Galleries, titled David Hockney: The Blue Guitar. Alongside the twenty prints, two cancelled copper plates and five black and white cancellation proofs are also exhibited.
The suite consists of twenty-one loose-leaved sheets in a grey leather covered box. The etchings are interleaved with tracing paper guard sheets.
Published as loose sheets with a table of contents / colophon sheet, all contained within a leather-covered portfolio, embossed with the title 'The Blue Guitar'. Each print is signed and numbered out of 200 in pencil, by the artist (there were also 35 Artist's proofs numbered in Roman numerals).
On the reverse of the colophon sheet, is a table of contents displaying the Title and Mediums, shown in the table of etchings above.
Fabricated in Cologne by Rudolf Rieser, the case is bound in grey leather and embossed with the title 'The Blue Guitar'.
A small-format facsimile edition catalogue, containing reproductions of the etchings, and additionally containing the full text of Wallace Stevens' poem, was published simultaneously with the suite.
"This catalogue documents the publication of 'The Blue Guitar', a group of etchings by David Hockney, accompanied here by a poem of Wallace Stevens 'The Man with the Blue Guitar". The portfolio contains twenty etchings drawn by the artist in London in the Autumn of 1976 and Spring of 1977"
Hardback. Dimensions 21.5 x 21.5 cm.
Typeset in 11pt Electra Linotype, printed in England on Abbey Mills laid paper by The Scolar Press.
David Hockney: The Blue Guitar, The Museum of Modern Art, New York. (10 April — 3 July 1979).
Art for the Nation: Gifts in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the National Gallery of Art, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (1991).
Singular and Plural: Recent Accessions, Post-War Drawings and Prints, MFAH. (6 June — 8 August, 1992).
De Picasso a Bacon: arte contemporáneo en las colecciones del Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao. (1999).
The complete boxed suite with title page, colophon and all with full margins, all signed and numbered 167/200 in pencil. Sold for £52,920 at Phillips in London on 13 September 2022, on an estimate of £30,000 – £50,000.
The complete boxed suite with title page, colophon and all with full margins, all signed and numbered 187/200 in pencil. Sold for £37,500 at Sotheby's in London on 17 September 2019, on an estimate of £30,000 – £50,000.
The complete boxed suite with title page, colophon and all with full margins, all signed and numbered 31/200 in pencil. Sold for £32,450 at Christie's in London on 17 February 2012, on an estimate of £12,000 – £16,000.
The complete suite of twenty etchings, all signed and numbered 'AP XII/XXXV' in pencil, an artist's proof aside from the edition of 200. Sold for £15,000 at Bonhams in London on 29 November 2011.