davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
ফুলঝুরি খান

ওস্তাদ ফুলঝুরি খান (জন্মনামঃ ইয়ার রসুল খান, ১৯২০ - ৫ মে, ১৯৮২) ছিলেন একজন বাঙালি যন্ত্রসঙ্গীত ও উচ্চাঙ্গ সঙ্গীতশিল্পী। তিনি একজন দক্ষ তবলা ও এসরাজ বাদক। যন্ত্রসঙ্গীত ও উচ্চাঙ্গ সঙ্গীতে অবদানের জন্য তিনি ১৯৭৯ সালে বাংলাদেশ সরকার কর্তৃক প্রদত্ত সর্বোচ্চ বেসামরিক সম্মান স্বাধীনতা পুরস্কার লাভ করেন।
ফুলঝুরি খান ১৯২০ সালে তদানীন্তন ব্রিটিশ ভারতের বেঙ্গল প্রেসিডেন্সির (বর্তমান বাংলাদেশ) ব্রাহ্মণবাড়ীয়া জেলার নবীনগর উপজেলার বিটঘর গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার প্রকৃত নাম ইয়ার রসুল খান। তার পিতা লতিফ রসুল খান এবং মাতা কমলা-উন-নেসা ছিলেন ফকির আফতাবউদ্দিন খাঁর কন্যা। তার মাতামহ আফতাবউদ্দিনের ছোট দুই ভাই প্রখ্যাত সঙ্গীতজ্ঞ ওস্তাদ আলাউদ্দিন খাঁ ও আয়েত আলী খাঁ। ফুলঝুরির ছোট ভাই ইয়াসিন খান একজন সেতার বাদক ছিলেন।
ফুলঝুরির তবলায় হাতেখড়ি হয় তার মাতামহ আফতাবউদ্দিন খাঁর নিকট। পরে আয়েত আলীর নিকট কিছুদিন তালিম গ্রহণ করার পর তিনি মাইহার রাজ্যে চলে যান এবং সেখানে মাতামহের ছোট ভাই ও সেখানকার রাজসভার সঙ্গীতজ্ঞ আলাউদ্দিন খাঁর নিকট তবলার তালিম নিতে। আলাউদ্দিন খাঁর নিকট তিনি আটবছর তবলার তালিম নেন। মাইহার রাজসভায় তার গুরু আলাউদ্দিন খাঁর সরোদ বাজানোর সাথে তার তবলা বাদন শুনে মুগ্ধ হয়ে মাইহারের রাজা তাকে 'ফুলঝুরি' উপাধি দেন। সেই থেকে তার নাম হয়ে যায় ফুলঝুরি খান।
ফুলঝুরি তবলা ও এসরাজ বাদনে দক্ষতা অর্জন করেন। পাশাপাশি তিনি তারসানাই, সেতার ও পাখোয়াজ বাজানোতেও পারদর্শী ছিলেন। তিনি আলাউদ্দিন খাঁ গঠিত 'মাইহার স্ট্রিং ব্যান্ড' দলের সদস্য ছিলেন। খ্যাতনামা নৃত্যশিল্পী উদয় শঙ্করের নাচের দলের সঙ্গীতশিল্পী হিসেবে বিভিন্ন দেশে ভ্রমণ করেন। তিনি কিছুদিন রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের শান্তিনিকেতনে যন্ত্রসঙ্গীতের শিক্ষক ছিলেন। চিত্রাঙ্গদা নৃত্যনাট্যে তার এসরাজ বাজানো শুনে রবীন্দ্রনাথ মুগ্ধ হন।
ফুলঝুরি পরে শিলং চলে যান এবং সেখানে একটি সঙ্গীত বিদ্যালয় স্থাপন করে শিষ্যদের সঙ্গীত শিক্ষা দেন। তিনি ১৯৫১ সালে ঢাকায় আসেন এবং ঢাকা বেতারকেন্দ্রে নিজস্ব শিল্পী হিসেবে যোগ দেন। তিনি ১৯৭৫ সাল পর্যন্ত বেতারে তারসানাই বাজাতেন। তিনি কয়েকটি চলচ্চিত্রের সঙ্গীতের জন্য এসরাজ বাজান। তাদের মধ্যে উল্লেখযোগ্য চলচ্চিত্রসমূহ হল মুখ ও মুখোশ (১৯৫৬), আকাশ আর মাটি (১৯৫৯), রাজধানীর বুকে (১৯৬০), নতুন সুর (১৯৬২), সূর্য স্নান (১৯৬২), ও সূর্যগ্রহণ (১৯৭৬)।
তার পাঁচ পুত্রের মধ্যে মোঃ ইউনুস খান সরোদ বাদক, মোঃ জাফর খান সেতার বাদক, মোঃ ইউসুফ খান সরোদ বাদক, মোঃ ইলিয়াস খান তবলা বাদক, এবং মোঃ খায়রুল ইসলাম খান তবলা বাদক।
ফুলঝুরি খান ১৯৮২ সালে ঢাকায় মৃত্যুবরণ করেন।
শিল্পচর্চায় অসাধারণ অবদানের জন্য ১৯৭৯ সালে তাকে দেশের সর্বোচ্চ বেসামরিক পুরস্কার স্বাধীনতা পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়। এছাড়াও তিনি সঙ্গীতে অবদানের জন্য ১৯৭৭ সালে বাংলাদেশ শিল্পকলা একাডেমি পুরস্কার পেয়েছেন।
Jori (instrument)

Jori, Jodi, Dhamma, or Jorhi (sometimes Jori-Pakhawaj) is a South Asian percussion instrument made up of two individual drums. The Jori originates from the Punjab region of South Asia. Historically, the Jori has accompanied Gurbani Kirtan. Prominent exponents of the Jori include Ustad Sukhvinder Singh "Pinky". Bhai Baldeep Singh, Sardar Jasdeep Singh, Bhai Surdarshan Singh and Bhai Gian Singh Namdhari.
In its construction, the Jori is similar to the Tabla. The key differences being the use of a larger dayan/chathoo (also known as Poorra) (treble drum), and a wooden barrel-shaped bayan/dagga (bass drum) with atta (dough) instead of the syahi/gub, which is called a "Dhamma" .
The Jori, Jodi, or Jorhi was first created by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjun Dev Ji when 2 bards of his court, Satta and Balwand, wanted to separate the much older and venerable Pakhavaj into two instruments, similar to the tabla. Due to this, the Jori and Tabla are often confused as the same instrument, although these two instruments make completely different sounds, and the Jori is almost always much lower than the Tabla and does not produce a sharp sound. Visually the dayaan/chathoo (also known as Poorra) drum is quite similar to the tabla's dayaan/chathoo, but has a wider circumference. The way the instrument is played also differs, as with the Tabla a striking motion is used to produce a sharp sound, but an open hand, soft motion is used to produce sound on a Jori. The Tabla bass drum is made from metal, whereas both Jori drums are made of tun wood, which is classed as the best quality wood for musical instruments.
As a Sikh instrument, the Jori, also known as Punjab's Pakhawaj, was used alongside the rubab or rabab in Gurbani/Kirtan, which is a form of devotional prayer and singing in the Sikh religion. Over a gradual period of time, and especially after the Partition of Punjab in 1947, most rabab players (which have historically been Muslim since the times of the first Sikh Gurus) emigrated to Lehnda Punjab, Pakistan, This took a way a key part of the Jori playing symphony, and the rabab was replaced with more canonically Indian instruments, such as the harmonium to replace missing melody. It has since been replaced in most of these settings by the Tabla, but the similar appearance between these two instruments confuses many to this day, especially with comparison to Qawwali and Pakistani/Afghan Tablas, which also use a similar cylindrical drum called a Dhamma. for producing bass sounds (and also have a missing syahi/gub). A Qawwali Dhamma is lightweight, smaller, and has more of a deep thud sound great for Keherwa and Daadra Accompaniment. A Jori Dhamma is bigger, much heavier, and has more of an open sound. While it is still a very deep sound, there is a notable difference in the classical depth. The Namdhari sect of Sikhism is known for their exceptional usage of this instrument.
Dildar Hussain

Dildar Hussain (born 1957) is a Pakistani percussionist and tabla player. He is known for being the left handed tabla player for late Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, a renowned Qawwali singer. Dildar Hussain played tabla for him in his qawwali-singing group until Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan died in 1997. Dildar Hussain belongs to the Punjab gharana of tabla-playing music artists. He is a shagird of Ustad Allah Rakha. Dildar Hussain plays the tabla left-handed
He was born in Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan in 1957. Dildar Hussain's father was also a tabla-player. Dildar Hussain initially learned tabla-playing from Ustad Alla Rakha, a renowned veteran tabla-player of Punjab gharana in Pakistan. His first performance was in India in 1969. Then he joined Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's original group back in 1971, at the age of 14, and stayed with that group for 30 years. While Dildar Hussain played tabla with Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's group, his training in tabla-playing continued with Ustad Nusrat. Now, after Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's death, Ustad Dildar Hussain carries the tradition on with his sons. His eldest son Abrar and his youngest son Israr are following the family tradition, and are, like their father, working as tabla players.
Aminah Chishti, a female US national approached Dildar Hussain sometimes after 2001, to ask him to teach her the art of tabla-playing. Her interest towards qawwali and Sufism began when she was given a Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan music cassette around 2001. Inspired by the qawwali music, Jessica Ripper converted to Islam and changed her name to Aminah Chishti. She and her qawwali group have performed at a number of Sufi shrines and festivals in Pakistan since 2001.
Ustad Dildar Hussain does not play the traditional tabla that can be seen in Hindustani classical music but instead plays a combination of "jori" as the treble, and "dhamma" as the bass to create a deeper, warmer sound than the modern tabla set creates. This style created with the intention to carry sound acoustically.
List of state and union territory capitals in India

India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 8 union territories. All states, as well as the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments, both patterned on the Westminster model. The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the central government through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were reorganised on a linguistic basis. Their structure has since remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts.
The legislatures of three states Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand meet in different capitals for their summer and winter sessions. Ladakh has both Leh and Kargil as its administrative capitals.
The state and union territory capitals are sorted according to administrative, legislative and judicial capitals. The administrative capital is where the executive government offices are located. The legislative capital is where the legislative assembly is located and the judicial capital is where the states or union territories' high courts are located.
Anubrata Chatterjee

Anubrata Chatterjee (born 1st June 1985) is an Indian tabla (hand drums) player of the Farrukhabad gharana of Hindustani classical music. He is the son of tabla player Anindo Chatterjee.
He debuted alongside Hariprasad Chaurasia, and subsequently collaborated with other musicians in the Indian classical music realm, such as Amjad Ali Khan, Birju Maharaj, Shivkumar Sharma, Shahid Parvez, and T. H. Vinayakram.
Chatterjee has performed as a soloist and accompanist. He participated in numerous duet performances with his father.
Internationally, he made his solo debut on BBC World Radio in the UK in 1991 and performed at venues and festivals globally, including Carnegie Hall in New York City, Kennedy Center in Washington D.C., Esplanade Theatres in Singapore, Rietberg Museum in Zurich, the World Percussion Festival in Chicago, Jerash Festival in Jerash, Jordan, Corfu Festival in Corfu, Greece, Dubrovnik Festival in Croatia, Namaste India Festival in Japan, and others.
Persian musical instruments

Persian musical instruments or Iranian musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories: classical, Western and folk. Most of Persian musical instruments spread in the former Persian Empires states all over the Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia and through adaptation, relations, and trade, in Europe and far regions of Asia. In the ancient era, the Silk Road had an effective role in this distribution.
Orchestral
Folklore
Orchestral
Folklores
Historical
While Arabic and Persian are separate languages, to a great extent the cultures intermixed during and after the Muslim conquest of Persia. Arabic became the lingua franca from the Middle East to the edge of China and into India, much as Latin was in Europe. As a result, the list below may contain Arab words that don't belong, but may also include words shared by both languages. An example is daf (دایره), for which the Arab word is also daf or duff (plural dofuf). Similarly, conquests and cultural intermixing have made Turkish words available, such as kudum.
These images are from the Russian Turkestan, circa 1865-1872, an area in which Persian, Turkish, Arab/Islamic and Mongol peoples conquered and settled over the ages. When the Russians conquered, both Turkish and Persian languages were being spoken. The images of musical instruments show the mixing of cultures; some such as the tanbur appear normal for Persian culture. But there are variations, such as a kamanche that appears to be a bowed tanbur, and the kauz or kobyz, which is a Turkish word for an instrument that is closely related to the Ghaychak, a Persian instrument.
The electronic keyboard is a popular western instrument.
There are numerous native musical instruments used in folk music.
Iglesia de la Porciúncula (Bogotá)

La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles - La Porciúncula, o simplemente Parroquia de la Porciúncula es un templo religioso de culto católico dedicado a la Porciúncula, el lugar donde comenzó el movimiento Franciscano, en la localidad de Chapinero de la ciudad de Bogotá, en Colombia. Esta iglesia está situada en la avenida Chile con carrera Once, en pleno corazón financiero de la capital del país. Es además una de las iglesias bogotanas en donde se realizan más ceremonias fúnebres al día.​
En los actuales terrenos de La Porciúncula se construyó originalmente en 1919 una casa para hermanos franciscanos que además sirvió como colegio de teología y filosofía, cuyo terreno había sido adquirido un año antes por la comunidad, pagándose con la venta de un lote-chircal que se poseía en la localidad de San Cristóbal.​ En octubre de 1923 llegaron los primeros frailes a habitar la construcción, aunque la construcción ya era habitable desde 1921.​
En febrero de 1924 llegan los primeros estudiantes de teología al nuevo convento que de aquí en adelante se llamaría La Porciúncula, en recuerdo del santuario de Asís, Italia.​ La obra fue terminada en 1943. La Iglesia de la Porciúncula fue denominada parroquia el 12 de marzo de 1942 por el Arzobispo de Bogotá.
En 1978 se inició la demolición del claustro,​ cuyo terreno fue vendido y edificado con el centro comercial Granahorrar, más tarde llamado Avenida Chile. En 1980 los estudiantes fueron trasladados y desde entonces la Porciúncula dejó de ser Casa de Estudios y quedó como parroquia únicamente.​
El estilo de la iglesia de la Porciúncula es un neogótico tardío, pues se construyó en la segunda década del siglo XX, pero sus elementos funcionales y formales corresponden al neogótico que se desarrolló en el siglo XIX.​ Comprende tres naves, bóveda ojival de crucería, vitrales y rosetón, y presenta una separación de las naves, mediante arcos y columnas.​
Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Sufragio (Medellín)

La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Sufragio es un templo religioso de culto católico dedicado a la Virgen María bajo la advocación del Sufragio, está situado al costado occidental del Parque de Boston, en el barrio del mismo nombre, en la zona céntrica de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.
El templo es de estilo neorrománico, es de planta rectangular, su interior está dividido en tres naves longitudinales, la principal o central y dos laterales.
El territorio donde se construyó el templo de Nuestra Señora del Sufragio pertenecía a la Parroquia de la Veracruz.
Se estableció una Junta integrada por el padre Domingo Henao, párroco de La Veracruz, el padre Manuel José Atehortúa Arango y el señor Juan Bautista Isaza. Debía edificarse un templo dedicado a la Virgen María y a las ánimas del Purgatorio. Por ello se le dio el nombre de Nuestra Señora del Sufragio. Debería construirse en el barrio Boston que antes se llamaba de Sucre.
El terreno lo donó Don Juan Bautista Isaza. El templo se proyectó en 1908 en Boston por ser de hermoso paisaje, de buena posición, salubridad, que se comunica con la Plaza de Flórez por un puente sobre la Santa Elena. El 25 de marzo de 1908, celebración del misterio de la Encarnación, en la Plazuela de Sucre bendijo la primera piedra el señor arzobispo Caicedo, celebró la misa el padre Henao y predicó el jesuita padre Muñoz.
En ese día se nombraron dos Comisiones; una de señoras y otra de caballeros para allegar fondos. Don Germán Villa donó un terreno de cuatro mil varas para que se vendiera a favor del templo. Se dividió en diez lotes uno de esos lotes se puso en rifa. Para allegar fondos se hicieron talleres, se alquilaban libros, se vendían sufragios. El padre Juan Crisóstomo Arango legó una deuda testamentaria. Se hizo propaganda para quienes quisieran donar una de las doce columnas que llevaría el templo. Cada columna tenía el precio de $12.oo, M. Restrepo y Compañía donó dos columnas y Luis Álvarez.
En 1919 se solicitó que el templo se terminara en ese año por ser el año mariano. El encargado de la construcción fue el padre Manuel Atehortúa quien murió en 1920 y dejó el templo ya construido. Lo atendió la Veracruz hasta 1922 cuando fue elevado a parroquia y encomendado a los padres salesianos.
El templo fue bendecido en julio de 1919 con motivo de la celebración del Congreso mariano nacional.
Después de un serio análisis por parte de los salesiano, teniendo en cuenta que la parroquia tenía un buen lote de terreno, con el fin de prestar una ayuda eficaz a la educación intelectual, moral y cultural de la juventud del sector de Medellín y en procura de conseguir unas vacaciones para el seminario salesiano de Mosquera Cundinamarca, se convino en abrir a partir de 1938 el Colegio Salesiano El Sufragio bajo el auspicio del supremo hacedor, Maria Auxiliadora y San Juan Bosco el santo educador de la juventud.
Iglesia de San Casimiro (Vilnius)

La iglesia de San Casimiro es una iglesia católica en el casco antiguo de Vilnius, cerca del Ayuntamiento de Vilnius. Es la primera y más antigua iglesia barroca de Vilnius, acabada en 1618.
La construcción de la iglesia comenzó en 1604 en memoria del santo príncipe San Casimiro. Fue construido por los jesuitas con la financiación del gran danciller del Gran Ducado de Lituania Lew Sapieha. Se asume tradicionalmente que la piedra de la esquina (que se puede ver en el muro de la fachada) fue arrastrada hacia la ciudad por la procesión de 700 vilniusitas de las colinas de Antakalnis. La construcción se terminó en 1616 y el diseño interior se completó en 1618.
La Iglesia de San Casimiro es uno de los primeros edificios barrocos ejemplares de la ciudad. Su composición espacial y su fachada se diseñaron siguiendo la línea de la famosa iglesia de Il Gesù en Roma. La forma del edificio fue modelada después de las iglesias en Kraków y Lublin, con torres adicionales. El autor del diseño fue Jan Frankiewicz, un alumno del arquitecto Giovanni Maria Bernardoni.
A mediados del siglo XVIII, la iglesia fue reconstruida por el arquitecto Thomas Zebrowski. Bajo su supervisión se erigió una cúpula linterna escalonada con una corona. Esta cúpula grande e impresionante es única en toda la región del antiguo Gran Ducado de Lituania. Bajo la ocupación de Rusia, la iglesia de San Casimiro se convirtió en una iglesia ortodoxa rusa. En 1915, Vilna fue ocupada por los alemanes y la iglesia se convirtió en la casa de oración evangélica luterana de la guarnición de Vilna. En 1919, la iglesia de San Casimiro fue devuelta a los católicos, pero fue dañada nuevamente durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, se cerró y en 1963 se convirtió en un Museo del Ateísmo. La iglesia fue reconstruida en 1991.
Cavese 1919

El Cavese 1919 es un club de fútbol de Italia, con sede en Cava de' Tirreni, en la región Campania. Fue fundado en 1919 y refundado en 2011. Compite en la Serie C, tercera categoría del fútbol italiano.​
El 25 de mayo de 1919 fue fundado el club Unione Sportiva Cavese. A lo largo de su historia, ha alcanzado el pico más alto de su historia entre 1981 y 1984, cuando compitió en tres campeonatos seguidos de Serie B, la categoría de plata en Italia.​​
Desde noviembre de 2017, el propietario y presidente del club es Massimiliano Santoriello. En agosto de 2018, después de ganar los play-offs, Cavese 1919 fue ascendido administrativamente a la Serie C, la tercera división de la liga profesional italiana.​
Disputa sus encuentros de local en el estadio Simonetta Lamberti de Cava de' Tirreni, con capacidad máxima para 4.550 espectadores.
Associazione Calcio Reggiana 1919

Associazione Calcio Reggiana 1919 es un club de fútbol italiano de la ciudad de Reggio Emilia, en Emilia-Romaña. Es el heredero de los derechos deportivos de la Associazione Calcio Reggiana, fundada en 1919 y refundada en 2005, que desapareció en julio de 2018. El nuevo club, refundado en agosto de 2018 y milita en la Serie B, el segundo nivel de competición del sistema de ligas del fútbol italiano.
Fue fundado en 1919 como Associazione Calcio Reggiana. Su última participación en la Serie A data de 1997. En 2005 fue refundado con el nombre Reggio Emilia Football Club pero poco después del comienzo de la temporada 2005-06 volvió a cambiar su nombre al actual Associazione Calcio Reggiana 1919. Fue declarado en bancarrota el 17 de julio de 2018, y en agosto de ese mismo año fue refundado como Reggio Audace Football Club. Desde julio de 2020, la institución se llama Associazione Calcio Reggiana 1919.
Campeonato Sudamericano 1919

El Campeonato Sudamericano de Selecciones 1919 fue la tercera edición del Campeonato Sudamericano de Selecciones, competición que posteriormente sería denominada como Copa América y que es el principal torneo internacional de fútbol por selecciones nacionales en América del Sur. Se desarrolló en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, entre el 11 y el 29 de mayo de 1919.
Este torneo estaba programado para 1918, pero una epidemia de gripe española que azotó a la ciudad carioca postergó su realización. Sin embargo, la postergación del torneo fue buena para los brasileños, ya que les dio tiempo de remodelar el Estadio das Laranjeiras.
El local, Brasil, logró su primer título, evitando el tricampeonato de los uruguayos.
La nota triste del torneo fue la muerte del arquero uruguayo Roberto Chery, ocurrida el 30 de mayo (un día después de la final), en un hospital de Río de Janeiro. El deceso se produjo debido a que el 17 de mayo, en el partido entre Chile y Uruguay, sufrió una estrangulación de hernia luego de hacer un gran esfuerzo para evitar un gol chileno. El encuentro terminó con victoria uruguaya por 2 a 0, y Roberto Chery jugó los 90 minutos.​
Participaron las selecciones de las cuatro asociaciones afiliadas a la Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol en esa época.
La competición se inició el 11 de mayo de 1919 con la goleada del local, Brasil, frente a Chile por 6 a 0. Dos días después Uruguay lograría una ajustada victoria frente a Argentina. En la segunda fecha Brasil y Uruguay confirmaron su favoritismo al vencer a Argentina y Chile respectivamente. La última fecha se inició con el encuentro entre Argentina y Chile, donde golearon los primeros, aunque dicho resultado no incidía en las posiciones de vanguardia. El encuentro definitorio entre Brasil y Uruguay terminó con empate a 2, por lo cual se tendría que disputar un encuentro para desempatar la primera ubicación que compartían ambos. El 29 de mayo de 1919 quedaría marcado como el día en que se desarrolló el partido más largo de la historia de la Copa América: 150 minutos de juego. Tras empatar a cero en los 90 minutos iniciales, Brasil y Uruguay debieron jugar la prórroga, la cual constó de dos tiempos suplementarios de 30 minutos cada uno.​ En el minuto 2 del segundo tiempo suplementario (122 minutos de juego), Arthur Friedenreich anotaría el único gol del encuentro, el cual le daría su primer título a Brasil.
Post church

Post church (Norwegian: stolpekirke) is a term for a church building which predates the stave churches and differ in that the corner posts do not reside on a sill but instead have posts dug into the earth. Posts are the vertical, roof-bearing timbers that were placed in the excavated post holes. Posts were often placed in trenches filled with stone, but were still susceptible to decay.
This type of construction is often believed to be an intermediate form between a palisade construction and a stave construction. Because the holes for the posts are easily detected in archaeological surveys they can be differentiated from the other two, even if none of the original post churches have survived.
There is some debate over whether one stave church, the one at Røldal in Hardanger, Norway is in fact a post church. During restoration work it was noted that the posts seemed to touch the ground but as the church had sunken into ground it was difficult to verify if it was indeed a post church or a stave church. The only unquestionable indication of the origin of this church is the construction whereby the sill is tapped into the corner post, while in the more common stave church construction of this type the corner post stands on top of the sill.
St Peter's Church, Liverpool

St Peter's Church was the Anglican pro-cathedral and parish church of Liverpool. It was erected in 1700, consecrated on 29 June 1704, and demolished in 1922. It was located on Church Street. Its location is now marked by a bronze Maltese cross on Church Street.
The first oratorio to be performed in Liverpool was Handel's Messiah, which took place in St Peter's Church.
On 1 July 1880, J. C. Ryle was appointed as the first Bishop of Liverpool, at which point St Peter's became the pro-cathedral of Liverpool.
The church was later replaced as the cathedral of Liverpool by the current Liverpool Cathedral.
The church's records are stored in the Liverpool Records Office.
The building was designed by John Moffat and was erected to the south of Church Street. The architecture of the pro-cathedral was criticized for being inconsistent, as each of the doorways to the church featured different designs. The church had a single tower that measured 108 feet (33 meters) in height, with the upper part being octagonal in shape and containing a peal of ten bells.
The church contained an oak altar that was greatly admired. At the eastern end was a stained glass window representing Saint Peter, and at the western end was a large organ.
The environment surrounding the church was criticized for being muddy; Church Street was not paved until 1760 and was the site of a weekly cattle market.
By the early 20th century, it was felt that Liverpool deserved a more significant building as its cathedral. Construction on the new Liverpool Cathedral commenced in 1904, and by 1922, St Peter's Church was deemed obsolete. The building was slated for demolition, which also allowed for the widening of Church Street. The last service took place in the church in September 1919 before demolition began, which was completed on 23 October 1922. That same year, construction of a new Woolworths store commenced, designed by William Priddle, and the store opened in August 1923.
Today, the only indications that a church once stood at the site are the name of the street and a brass Maltese cross set in the granite pavement, placed at the precise location of the doors of the former church.
Citations
Sources
1919

1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1919th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 919th year of the 2nd millennium, the 19th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1919, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo

Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo bụ onye America na-emepụta ihe nketa Naijiria . Ọ bụ onye nchoputa akara ngosi ụmụ nwanyị dị njikere iyi na ngwa. Ụlọ ọrụ Adeigbo ghọrọ akara mbụ nke nwanyị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe karịrị $1 nde ego n'ime ego achụmnta ego.
Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo mụrụ na Poughkeepsie, New York nye nne na nna Naijiria. Nne ya si n'ebo Ibo, nna ya sikwa na ebo Yoruba . Adeigbo tolitere na Illinois na Indiana, ebe nne ya kwagara ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike. Nna Adeigbo bụ omenkà na odee. Dị ka Adeigbo si kwuo, ọ nwetara mmasị ya na ejiji site n'aka nne ya bụ onye na-akwa akwa ya mgbe Adeigbo bụ nwata nwanyị.
Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo gụchara akwụkwọ na Spelman College wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na Economics, nakwa na Parsons School of Design nwere akara ugo mmụta na Ejiji Ejiji na 2005. Ya na Betsy Johnson na-arụ ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ na-ere ahịa na Anna Sui na Paul Smith, ma nyere ndị na-emepụta ejiji na-ewu ewu Andrea Lieberman, Leslie Fremar, na Rebecca Weinberg aka.
Adeigbo malitere imepụta mkpokọta nke ya n'afọ 2009. Nchịkọta mbụ nke onye nrụpụta nwere uwe asaa sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Africa. N'oge ahụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka ejiji na magazin W na nnabata na New York City hotspots The Lion na STK ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.
Emebere ika a site na ihe nketa Naijiria nke onye nrụpụta. Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo na-eji ụdị uwe ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke dara oké ọnụ na nke vintage na mkpokọta ya. Ọ na-achọ itinye ego na ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ mmepụta mmepụta na nkesa nkesa. Onye mmebe na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụmụ nwanyị. Adeigbo na-emepụta uwe na-egbuke egbuke nwere mbipụta na ụkpụrụ.
Ndị ahịa nke ika ahụ gụnyere Mila Kunis, Gabrielle Union, Kerry Washington, Charli D'Amelio, Mindy Kaling, Busy Philipps, Zooey Deschanel, Emily Blunt, Amanda Gorman, Kelly Clarkson, Florence Pugh, Jessica Alba, Ezi Jules aka Julia Sarinana, Gwyneth Paltrow, Lizzo, Selma Blair, Zooey Deschanel, Kerry Washington, Katherine Schwarzenegger, Kristen Bell, Gabrielle Union, Blair Eadie .
Adeigbo nwetara ihe nrite Ejiji Designer on the Rise award na Neiman Marcus -sponsored National Black Arts Fine Art + Ejiji Awards na Eprel 7, 2022.
ọhụrụ, nke dara oké ọnụ na nke vintage na mkpokọta ya. Ọ na-achọ itinye ego na ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ mmepụta mmepụta na nkesa
Ronke Odusanya

Ronke Odusanya audio (help·info) bụ onye na- eme ihe nkiri na- asụsụ Yoruba na Naijiria, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-akwado ihe nkiri.
A mụrụ Ronke Odusanya na ụbochi atọ na ime onwa ise na afor 1973 na Ogun State .
Ronke bregan gụrụ akwụkwọ na St. Benedict Nursery & Primary School wee gaa n'ihu na Federal Government Girls College, Akure . Ọ gara Mahadum Olabisi Onabanjo, na-enweta nzere na Mass communication .
Ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara n'ịrụ ọrụ na mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ya na afo iri na isii. Akpọrọ ya "Flakky Idi Dowo" mgbe ọ rụchara ihe nkiri Fathia Balogun dị ka "Folake" n'afọ 2006. Ronke gosiputara na Oga Bello ‘s Kerikeri. O mere ihe nkiri Nollywood na nke mbụ ya n’afọ 2001 Yoruba, “Baba Ologba”. Ọ na-apụta na ọtụtụ Nigerian fim, gụnyere '' Jenifa nke ọ na-egwuri ọrụ nke Becky, kpara akpa, na A Girl si Note n'etiti ndị ọzọ. A họpụtara ya maka ezigbo onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye ndu (Yoruba) na 2017 Best of Nollywood Awards maka ọrụ ya na fim Ailatunse .
Ronke Odusanya at IMDb
Jessica Rich (onye na-ese ihe)

Jessica Rich, bụ onye na-emepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ America na onye ọkachamara ejiji bụ onye a ma ama maka ịmepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ ụmụ nwanyị na-ejikọta ihe imewe PVC dị ka ụdị mbinye aka ya. Ọgaranya bụkwa onye ọbịa na onye bụbu ihe ngosi eziokwu . A maara ya maka mpụta ya na VH1 's Real Chance of Love . Patti LaBelle bụ nne nne nke bara ọgaranya.
Jessica Rich mụrụ ma zụlite na Grand Rapids, Michigan . Ọ bụ ada Janice Denise na Eric Willis. O nwere ụmụnne anọ. Nna ya bụ onye nlekọta njem mbụ na onye njikwa okporo ụzọ maka Patti LaBelle, onye bụkwa nwanne nne nke ọgaranya.
Na 2008, Rich sonyere na usoro eziokwu nke VH1 Real Chance of Love, ihe ngosi mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị na-egosi ụmụnna Ahmad “Real” Givens na Kamal “Chance” Givens . Hannah Birkmann agbaghara ya. A maara ya na ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka oke bekee n'ihi na Real ji ya tụnyere onye America America bụ Jessica Rabbit .
Ọgaranya apụtala dị ka onye ọkachamara ejiji na onye ọbịa na Access Hollywood, KTLA Morning News, Hollyscoop na ndị ọzọ.
N'afọ 2015, Rich wepụtara The Jessica Rich Collection, ahịrị uwe nke ndị ama ama, ndị na-egwu egwu, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri masịrị. N'ọgwụgwụ 2017, Jessica rụrụ ọrụ Transparent site na Jessica Rich, ahịrị akpụkpọ ụkwụ mbụ ya. Mmasị mbinye aka ya, na mkpokọta ya niile, bụ iji ihe mejupụtara polyvinyl chloride (PVC) na imewe akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya, ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka imepụta ya na ikike iji uwe agba ọ bụla na-eyi. Ọgaranya na-erekarị ụdị nke nwere ogologo ikiri ụkwụ nke 120mm yana ikiri ụkwụ ọla edo ma ọ bụ naanị ọla edo ka a na-arụpụta ma zụta n'ogbe.
Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ahịa a ma ama nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-agụnye ụmụnne nwanyị Kardashian, Bella Thorne, Ashanti, Blac Chyna, Kesha, La La Anthony, Vanessa Simmons, Sasha Banks, Tamar Braxton, Heidi Klum, Jelena Karleuša, Fantasia, Tamiry Roman, Tamiry Roman Brooke, na Cardi B. Jennifer Lopez yi uwe mbụ Rich, Fancy Stiletto, gaa na 2018 VMA mgbe oriri na ọṅụṅụ jikọtara ya na uwe elu na-adịghị mma na leggings sitere na nchịkọta Versace Pre-Fall 2018. . Lopez yikwara akpụkpọ ụkwụ Rich na ihe omume na-akwalite ihe nkiri 2019 Hustlers .
E gosipụtala mkpokọta ahụ na Vogue, Akụkọ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, Ndị mmadụ, InStyle, Anyị kwa izu, na E! Akụkọ .
N'afọ 2019, Rich wepụtara nchịkọta akpụkpọ ụkwụ ụmụ nwoke gbadoro anya na ihe ịchọ mma na-egosi onye na-agụ egwú, onye na-ede abụ, na onye mmepụta Jon B. dị ka onye nnọchianya ika.
A na-ere mkpokọta ahụ site na webụsaịtị ụlọ ọrụ yana na boutiques dị iche iche n'ụwa niile. Ebe mbụ nke Jessica Rich Collection brik na-mortar mepere na 2018 na Melrose Avenue na Los Angeles nke dị n'akụkụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Fairfax .
N'August 2019, Rich kwupụtara mkpokọta ya ga-adị na ụlọ ahịa Macy ahọpụtara.
, Fancy Stiletto, gaa na 2018 VMA mgbe oriri na ọṅụṅụ jikọtara ya na uwe elu na-adịghị mma na leggings sitere na nchịkọta Versace Pre opna 2018 VMA mgbe oriri na ọṅụṅụ jikọtara ya na
T. M. Aluko

Timothy Mofolorunso Aluko (14 Julaị 1918 - 1 Mee 2010) bụ onye edemede Naijiria.
A mụrụ Aluko na Ilesha na Naijiria ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Government College, Ibadan, na Higher College, Yaba na Lagos. Ọ gụrụ injinia obodo na atụmatụ obodo na Mahadum London. O nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa nchịkwa na mba ya, gụnyere Director of Public Works na Western Nigeria. Ọ hapụrụ ọrụ gọọmentị na 1966 ma site n'oge ahụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1978 ọ gbasoro ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi, nweta nzere doctorate na injinia obodo na 1976. Ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye na nsọpụrụ gụnyere Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) na 1963 na Officer Order of the Niger (OON) na 1964.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, gụnyere One Man, One Wife (1959), One Man,One Matchet (1964), Kinsman and Foreman (1966), Chief the Honourable Minister (1970) na His Worshipful Majesty (1973), bụ ndị na-atọ ọchị n'olu, ma na-ekwu maka esemokwu nke ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ na nke ochie na Africa na-agbanwe agbanwe.
N'afọ 1994, o bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya, My Years of Service, akụkọ banyere ọrụ ya dị ka injinia na onye nkuzi mahadum. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndụ ya, The Story of My Life, nke e bipụtara na 2007, na-enye anya miri emi na ndụ Aluko, na-akọwa banyere nwata ya na ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmentị.
T. M. Aluko nwụrụ na 1 Mee 2010 na Lagos, mgbe ọ dị afọ 91. [1]
Paul Adefarasin

Paul Adeolu Adefarasin (amụrụ n'abalị 25 ọnwa Jenụwarị 1963) bụ Onye Ozi Ndị Kraịst, Onye Ozizi Bible na Televangelist. Ọ bụ Prelate nakwa Metropolitan Senior Pastor nke ụlọ ụka House on the Rock nke isi ya dị na Lagos, (Nigeria) nwere ngalaba n'ọtụtụ obodo dị iche iche na Nigeria gụnyere Port-harcourt, Abuja yana Johannesburg, South Africa & London, UK. Ọ bụkwa onye nnọkọ / onye nnabata nke The Experience (gospel concert).
A mụrụ Paul Adefarasin na 25 Jenụwarị 1963 n'ezinaụlọ Joseph Adefarasin, onye ọka ikpe nke ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Naijiria si Ijebu Ode, na Hilda Adefarasin, onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị si Lagos Steeti. Ọ bụ nwanne Rev. Wale Adefarasin na Onyeozi Yemi Adefarasin, ha abụọ bụ ndị ozi Ndị Kraịst a na-akwanyere ùgwù. A zụlitere ya na Nigeria na United States.
Adefarasin gara ụlọ akwụkwọ St Saviour dị na Ikoyi, na Igbobi College na Yaba. Agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya bụ na Haileybury College na England. Ọ gara n'ihu gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Miami, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bachelor of Architecture . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Florida tupu ọ laghachi Naịjirịa.
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na International Bible Institute of London ebe ọ nwetara diplọma na Christian Ministry.
Adefarasin edeela, ma bipụta n'onwe ya ihe karịrị obere akwụkwọ iri abụọ na-akpali akpali nke Ndị Kraịst na ihe onwunwe multimedia. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na ndị na-ekesa akwụkwọ Ndị Kraịst ebipụtala atọ n'ime akwụkwọ ya.
N'ọnwa June 1995, Adefarasin lụrụ Ifeanyi Adefarasin (amụrụ na Septemba 16th 1972), onye bụbu eze nwanyị mara mma ma ugbu a bụ onye ozi a na-akwanyere ùgwù na onye na-ekwu okwu ọgbakọ a maara nke ọma maka ozi doro anya na nke bara uru nke olileanya na ike. Ha mụrụ ụmụ atọ.
Onuora Nzekwu

Onuora Nzekwu ( OON ) nke a makwaara dị ka Joseph Onuora Nzekwu (19 February 1928 – 21 April 2017) bụ onye prọfesọ, ode akwụkwọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị Igbo . Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ Wand of Noble Wood n'afọ 1961 na akwụkwọ akụkọ Eze Goes to School n'afọ 1963 nke so na usoro akwụkwọ e dere n'Africa .
A mụrụ Nzekwu na Kafanchan, ￼steeti Kaduna , n'ezinụlọ Maazị . Obiese Nzekwu na Oriakụ Mary Ogugua Nzekwu (née Aghadiono) nke Onitsha na ￼steeti Anambra . N'ọnwa Jenụwarị 1956, Nzekwu sonyeere ndị ọrụ gọọmentị etiti wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka nchịkọta akụkọ na ngalaba 'Nigerian Magazine' nke minịsịta ozi na nzikọrịtaozi, site na 1956 ruo 1958. N'afọ 1958, ọ weghaara ọnọdụ nke onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ ozi ahụ. Nzekwu gara n'ihu na-elekọta ngalaba na-ahụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ nke minịsịta ozi na nzikọrịtaozi Naijiria ruo n'afọ 1966, mgbe nsogbu Naijiria mere ka ọ nyefee ọrụ ya n'ọrụ obodo nke odịda anyanwụ ￼Naijiria.
Ọ malitere dị ka onyeisi mgbasa ozi n'odịda anyanwụ Naijiria, ọkwa nke jikọtara ọrụ nke Ozi Ozi nakwa omenala. N'afọ 1968, a kwalitere ya dị ka osote onyeisi ngalaba nke omenala e kepụtara ọhụrụ. N'ọgwụgwụ ọgụ ahụ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị 1970, Nzekwu laghachiri na Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi nke etiti na May nke e mere onye isi mgbasa ozi nke ngalaba ahụ .
Nzekwu rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi nke News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) ruo ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa Julaị 1979, mgbe ọ weghaara ọkwa onyeisi nchịkwa. Ọ lara ezumike nka na ụlọ ọrụ ọhanaeze Naijiria n'afọ 1985, ka ọ na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ NAN ihe fọrọ obere ka ọ bụrụ afọ asatọ ma rụọ ọrụ obodo ya afọ iri atọ na itoolu.
Onuora Nzekwu nwetara Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship n'afọ 1961, nke nyere ya aka ịmụ usoro akwụkwọ ozi ndị American nakwa nka Horizons na New York. N'afọ 1964, e nyere ya ugo UNESCO Fellowship, nke nyere ya ohere ịgụ akwụkwọ nchịkwa ọnwa atọ na Geneva, Prague, Paris, London, New York na Washington.
Na 8 August 2006, News Agency of Nigeria mere ncheta iri atọ ya n'oge ememe na Abuja . Ndị NAN nyere Nzekwu ihe odide, nke nwere ihe osise "Maker of NAN", nye Nzekwu . N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2008, e nyere Nzekwu ugo n'ala Naijiria nke Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON).
Nzekwu edeela ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ya na onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Michael Crowder dekọrọ Eze Goes to school na Eze Goes to college . ụlọ ỌRỤ African University Press bu ndị bipụta akwụkwọ ndị a n'afọ 1964 na 1988 n'otu n'otu.
N'afọ 1977, Nzekwu bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, The Chima Dynasty in Onitsha, bụ nke o ji gosi akụkọ banyere Onitsha site n'akụkọ banyere ọchịchị ndị eze ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Nzekwu, Faith of Our Fathers, bụ nke jupụtara na nka, nkwenye, ụlọọrụ ọha na eze na ụkpụrụ akparamagwa nke e ji mara obodo Onitsha, ka e bipụtara na 2003.
Nzekwu lụrụ Onoenyi Justina Ogbenyeanu, ada Chifuu Isaac Aniegboka Mbanefo, Odu II nke Onitsha, na June 1960 nke e dubanyere ya n'ime otu Agbalanze nke Onitsha na May 1991. Ọ nwụrụ na 21 Eprel 2017.
Foundrae

Foundrae is an American luxury jewelry and lifestyle brand founded by Beth Bugdaycay and Murat Bugdaycay. It is headquartered in New York City.
Foundrae was founded in New York by Beth Bugdaycay, a jewelry designer, and her husband, Murat Bugdaycay. Foundrae was named by combining “Found” and “Rae”, the name of Bugdaycay's grandmother. The company's initial designs were focussed on modern heirlooms that were seen on their collection of clasps, pendants, and chains.
Foundrae debuted with a trunk show at Barneys New York in September 2015 and then proceeded with an official launch at retail spring/summer 2016. In January 2018, Town & Country recognized Beth Bugdaycay of Foundrae with the distinction of “Breakthrough of the Year” at the Annual Jewelry Awards. Three months later, Bugdaycay opened the flagship Foundrae store in New York City.
In 2019, the writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche collaborated with Foundrae on its "Freedom of Expression” medallion, with proceeds to go to PEN America.
Zalika Reid-Benta

Zalika Reid-Benta is a Canadian author. Her debut novel River Mumma was a finalist for the 2024 Trillium Book Award and her debut short story collection Frying Plantain was nominated and won numerous awards.
River Mumma received starred reviews from publications such as Publishers Weekly. It has been listed as one of the best fiction books of 2023 on numerous platforms, including CBC Books. The novel is a "magical realist story" inspired by Jamaican folklore. The main character, Alicia Gale, is a young Black woman having a quarter-life crisis, while adventuring through the streets of Toronto, Ontario.
Frying Plantain is a collection of linked short stories centering on the coming of age of Kara Davis, a young Jamaican-Canadian girl growing up in the Eglinton West neighbourhood of Toronto.
Reid-Benta grew up in Toronto. As a child she enjoyed books written by Judy Blume and movies like Now and Then and My Girl, but she didn't see herself represented in these stories. Even as a child she knew she wanted to write.
She graduated from the University of Toronto with an Honours BA in English and Cinema studies and with a minor in Caribbean Studies. She then received an MFA from Columbia University with a concentration in fiction. In 2017 she attended the Writers Studio at the Banff Center for Arts and Creativity and was a 2019 John Gardner Fiction Fellow at the Bread Loaf Writers Conference. Prior to the publication of her book, she was mentored by writers Victor LaValle, George Elliott Clarke, Janice Galloway and Olive Senior.
In a Scotiabank Giller Prize Spotlight interview, Reid-Benta describes Toni Morrison as being one of her literary heroes and mentions that “reading what she does with language, definitely motivates me to write the best way I can.”
When interviewed by Vannessa Barnier, Reid-Benta also describes that Annie John by Jamaica Kincaid, Bastard out of Carolina by Dorothy Allison, and Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche were inspirations.
In an interview for River Mumma with the Library Journal, Reid-Benta mentions Nalo Hopkinson, Octavia Butler and Cherie Dimaline as inspirations and some of her favourite writers in science fiction and fantasy.
Reid-Benta has received several major awards for her work, including:
River Mumma is shortlisted for the 2024 Trillium Book Award. Frying Plantain was shortlisted for the 2020 Toronto Book Awards, for the 2020 Trillium Book Awards, and the 2020 Forest of Reading® Evergreen Award. It was a longlisted nominee for the 2019 Scotia Bank Giller Prize. and it was nominated for the 2021 White Pine Award.
Tajudeen Abbas

Tajudeen Abbas GCON (born 1 October 1965) is a Nigerian academic and politician who is the 15th and current Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria since 2023.
Abbas was born on 1 October 1965 in Kwarbai, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. He holds bachelor's degree in business administration and master's degree both from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. He later obtained his doctorate degree in business administration from Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
Abbas began his career as a primary school teacher. He later became a lecturer at a polytechnic. He was a lecturer at Kaduna State Polytechnic from 1993 to 2001. He moved to the private sector where he worked as a Marketing Manager at the Nigerian tobacco Distribution Company, now the British-American Tobacco Company. In 2010, he joined politics where he contested for the House of Representatives seat in 2011 and was elected. Abbas is a prince from Zazzau Emirates, Zaria, Kaduna State and holds a title of Iyan Zazzau.
Abbas joined politics in 2010 where he contested for the House of Representatives seat in 2011 and won. He sponsored the highest number of bills in the 8th assembly between 2015 and 2019 and also sponsored record-breaking 74 bills out of which 21 were signed into law between 2019 and 2023. He had served in numerous committees in the House such as Commerce, Finance, Special Duties, Defence, Public Procurement, and National Planning and Economic Development Committee. Until his emergence as the Speaker, Abbas was the House Committee Chairman for Land Transport. Abbas was elected Speaker of the 10th Assembly with a majority of 353 votes out of 359 votes.
Simeon Toluwani Borokini

Simeon Toluwani Borokini is a Nigerian public speaker, politician and humanitarian. He is a member and Whip of the Ondo State House of Assembly representing Akure South Constituency 1.
His parents were Rt. Reverend and Mrs. Simeon Oluwole Borokini. He was born in the year 1986 in Akure South Local Government of Ondo State . He attended Annunciation Nursery and Primary School and Bishop Falope Memorial Day Care Nursery and Primary School in Akure. Toluwani proceeded to St. Matthias Anglican High School in Akure and earned a Diploma in Computer Data Processing before attending Adeyemi College of Education to study English. He furthered his education at Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, where he studied English at Masters Level.
Early in his career, Borokini worked as an assistant supervising manager, hall manager, and logistics manager in various organizations.
In 2008, he became Managing Director and Chief Responsibility Officer of Utopian Events.
He is a professional event consultant.
Borokini represents Akure South Constituency 1 at the Ondo State house of assembly. He has been involved in various Ondo State elections. In 2019 he won the Ondo Assembly election to represent Akure South constituency 1. He was the second youngest lawmaker in the 9th Assembly, running on the All Progressives Congress platform. He served as Whip of the legislative house. He is Chairman of the House Committee on Education, Science, and Technology. He is a member of various Assembly committees.
Oil down

Oil down is a salted meat and vegetable stew that is the national dish of Grenada.
Oil down is a stew of breadfruit, salted meat, chicken, dumplings, callaloo, and other vegetables stewed in coconut milk, herbs, and spices. The name refers to the fact that the oil from the coconut milk used in cooking is either absorbed by the ingredients or settles to the bottom of the cooking pot. All of the liquid is cooked down (dried out), hence the name oil down.
The term "oil down" is also used for a traditional neighborhood party at which the stew is prepared and eaten. Traditionally, it is the men who cook the oil down at such parties. Oil down is also very popular in local restaurants.
There is no set recipe for oil down, as each household and each parish make it to suit their preference.
Oil down is not unique to Grenada. It is also popular in nearby Trinidad and Tobago, which share a long history of cultural influences with Grenada. There are differences in how each island makes its oil down, however, with Grenadians preferring dasheen, dumplings, and turmeric, while Trinidadians tend toward a simpler dish without dumplings but with hot peppers. There are different versions of this stew in other Caribbean countries as well. In Guyana, a similar stew is called mettagee, or mettem, and in Jamaica, there is a seafood version called run down.