davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Prikaz

A prikaz (Russian: прика́з; IPA: [prʲɪˈkas] , plural: prikazy) was an administrative, judicial, territorial, or executive office functioning on behalf of palace, civil, military, or church authorities in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Tsardom of Russia from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The term usually suggests the functionality of a modern "ministry", "office", "department", or "bureau"; however, in practice prikaz was historically applied to most governmental organizations regardless of their function or authority. In modern Russian, prikaz literally means an 'order' in the meaning of 'directive' or 'command'.
Most of the prikazy were subordinated to the boyar duma. Some of them, palace prikazy (Russian: дворцовые приказы, romanized: dvortsovyje prikazy), were subordinated to the taynyi prikaz or pervyi prikaz, which answered directly to the tsar of Russia. The patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' had his own prikazy.
Originally, prikazy were created by private orders given by the tsar to a certain person. The functions of the prikazy would be led by boyars and professional administrators. From 1512, the term "prikaz" started to be used to refer to offices. There were 22 prikazy (departments) in 1613, however this number would balloon to 80 by the mid-17th century.
The prikazy were abolished by Peter the Great as part of his governmental reform program and replaced them, beginning in 1717, with administrative organs known as Collegiums. This process would undergo a long span of time; the Siberian Prikaz, for example, was restored in 1730 and existed until 1755. At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter the Great even established some new prikazy. The system was only fully eliminated by Catherine the Great in 1775.
The classification of the various prikazes is a very difficult task. In fact, each major historian tries to build their own system of classification. Major variants include prikazes of a territory, of a class of population, or of an area of affairs. Another method of classification is to rank prikazes by subordination.
Archa Darugha

The Archa Darugha (Tatar: Арча даругасы) was a subdivision of the Kazan Khanate and the Kazan Uyezd in 16th–18th centuries. The center was the town of Archa. Its territory covered the basins of the Kazanka, Noqsa, Kinderle, Shapshe, Yamashirma, Norma, Kesmas, Qırlay, Kultas, Sarapul, Vyatka, Shushma, Sarda etc. rivers. For the most part, the possessions of Prikaz of Kazan Palace, monasteries and Serving Tatars were placed there in the 16th–18th centuries.
Palace of the Republic, Minsk

The Palace of the Republic (Belarusian: Палац Рэспублікі) is a palatial government building in Minsk, Belarus. It is used for official state functions including forums, meetings, conventions, multi-genre concerts, symphony orchestras, and New Year's events.
According to its official website, the idea for this building was conceptualised by Pyotr Masherov, first secretary of the central committee of the Communist Party of Belarus. In 1982, a competition was conducted to produce a design for the building. Belgosproject produced the winning design. Construction began in 1985 but came to a halt as a result of the political upheaval caused by the fall of the Soviet Union.
Construction restarted in 1995 by the order of Alexander Lukashenko, the first elected president of the newly formed Republic of Belarus. Building work was completed in October 1997 and the palace became fully operational on the last day of 2001 and features a 2,700-seat auditorium, a 500-seat indoor amphitheater, a press center, and several conference halls.
Blessed Ludovica Albertoni

Blessed Ludovica Albertoni (Italian: Beata Ludovica Albertoni) is a funerary monument by the Italian Baroque artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The Trastevere sculpture is located in the specially designed Altieri Chapel in the Church of San Francesco a Ripa in Rome, Italy. Bernini started the project in 1671, but his work on two other major works—The Tomb of Pope Alexander VII and the Altar of the Blessed Sacrament in St. Peter's Basilica—delayed his work on the funerary monument. Bernini completed the sculpture in 1674; it was installed by 31 August 1674.
The subject of the sculpture, Ludovica Albertoni, was a Roman noblewoman who entered the Third Order of St. Francis following the death of her husband. She lived a pious life, working for the poor of the Trastevere neighborhood, under the guidance of the Franciscan friars of San Francesco Church, where she was buried in 1533. One of her descendants, Cardinal Paluzzo Paluzzi degli Albertoni, had a nephew who married the niece of Pope Clement X, who in turn formally adopted the cardinal as his own nephew and allowed him to take the pontiff's own surname, "Altieri". Pope Clement beatified Cardinal Albertoni's ancestor, granting her the title of "Blessed". The cardinal then commissioned major improvements to her chapel in the Church of San Francesco, which had become the site of her cult. After several artists competed to do the work, Bernini was awarded the commission, and took on the project without pay. He was 71 years old when he began the work, and it was one of his last sculptures.
Some scholars have questioned the 1671 start date, pointing to a document showing that Bernini purchased the white marble for the statue on 7 February 1674. This would have placed the start in late 1673, meaning the artist executed the work in six months. The sculpture was installed by 31 August 1674.
The figure of Ludovica Albertoni is set above the altar of the Altieri Chapel on the left side of the church of San Francesco a Ripa. Bernini designed an architectural setting that focuses attention on the marble sculpture, framing it within an archway he cut into an existing wall where a painting had previously hung. The main figure is flanked by deep returns set at oblique angles decorated with earlier frescoes of Saint Clare of Assisi and Blessed Ludovica herself providing alms to a beggar. The central figure is lit on both sides by large windows concealed by the returns.
The figure of Ludovica Albertoni is presented on a mattress at the moment of mystical communion with God. The folds of her habit reflect her state of turmoil, and her head is thrown back onto an embroidered pillow supported by a headrest. Beneath her figure is a deeply crumpled sculpted cloth above a red-marble sarcophagus, where Ludovica is interred. The panel behind her is carved with stylized pomegranates; flaming hearts adorn the base of the windows. She is surrounded by putti, ready to guide her spirit to heaven.
The painting above the sculpture is by Bernini's protégé Baciccio.
নিরাপদ খাদ্য

নিরাপদ খাদ্য নিশ্চিতকরণ বা খাদ্য সুরক্ষা (ইংরেজি: Food safety) বলতে খাদ্যবাহিত অসুস্থতা প্রতিরোধ করার উদ্দেশ্যে খাদ্য ব্যবহার, প্রস্তুতকরণ, প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণ ও সংরক্ষণের বৈজ্ঞানিক পদ্ধতি বা বিদ্যাকে বোঝায়। কোনও সাধারণ খাদ্য গ্রহণের পরে দুই বা তার অধিক ব্যক্তি একই ধরনের অসুস্থতায় পতিত হলে সেই ঘটনাটিকে খাদ্যবাহিত অসুস্থতার প্রাদুর্ভাব হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়।
স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য সম্ভাব্য বিপদ এড়ানোর জন্য বেশ কিছু পদ্ধতি অনুসরণ করা আবশ্যক। খাদ্য প্রতিরক্ষা (food defense) আরেকটি সংশ্লিষ্ট ধারণা, যেখানে খাদ্যে ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে জীবাণুর সংক্রমণ ঘটানো কিংবা ভেজাল মেশানো প্রতিরোধ করা হয়। খাদ্য সুরক্ষা (নিরাপদ খাদ্য নিশ্চিতকরণ) ও খাদ্য প্রতিরক্ষা একত্রে ভোক্তাদের ক্ষতি প্রতিরোধ করা। খাদ্য সুরক্ষাকে দুইটি ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়। একটি হল শিল্পকারখানা থেকে বাজার পর্যন্ত সুরক্ষা। অপরটি হল বাজার থেকে ক্রেতা বা ভোক্তা পর্যন্ত সুরক্ষা। শিল্পকারখানা থেকে বাজার পর্যন্ত খাদ্য সুরক্ষার মধ্যে খাদ্যের উৎস, খাদ্যের মোড়কের উপর তথ্য ছাপানো, খাদ্যের স্বাস্থ্যবিধি, খাদ্য রুচিস্বাদবর্ধকের ব্যবহার, খাদ্যে কীটনাশকের অবশিষ্ট, জৈবপ্রযুক্তি দ্বারা উৎপন্ন খাদ্য সংক্রান্ত নীতি, আমদানিকৃত ও রপ্তানিকৃত খাদ্য সরকারের পর্যবেক্ষণ এবং খাদ্য প্রত্যয়ন ব্যবস্থা, ইত্যাদি বিষয়গুলি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। বাজার থেকে ভোক্তা পর্যন্ত খাদ্য সুরক্ষার রীতিনীতি সম্পর্কে সাধারণ ধারণা হল যে খাদ্যকে বাজারে অবশ্যই সুরক্ষিত থাকতে হবে এবং ভোক্তার কাছে নিরাপদে খাদ্য সরবরাহ করা বা ভোক্তার জন্য নিরাপদে খাদ্য প্রস্তুত করা একটি উদ্বেগের বিষয়।
খাদ্যের মাধ্যমে রোগজীবাণু পরিবাহিত হয়ে কোনও ব্যক্তি বা পশুর অসুস্থতা এমনকি মৃত্যু পর্যন্ত ঘটতে পারে। প্রধান প্রধান রোগজীবাণুগুলি হল ব্যাকটেরিয়া, ভাইরাস, ছাতা ও ছত্রাক। এছাড়া খাদ্য রোগজীবাণুগুলির জন্য বৃদ্ধি ও প্রজননের উর্বর মাধ্যম হিসেবে কাজ করতে পারে। উন্নত দেশগুলিতে খাদ্য প্রস্তুতকরণের উপরে সূক্ষ্ম মান রয়েছে, এবং এর বিপরীতে অপেক্ষাকৃত কম উন্নত দেশগুলিতে মানের সংখ্যা কম এবং ঐসব মান বলপূর্বক প্রয়োগও করা হয় কম। আরেকটি সমস্যা হল পর্যাপ্ত সুপেয় পানি বা পানীয় জলের অভাব, যা রোগ ছড়াতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। তাত্ত্বিকভাবে খাদ্যের বিষক্রিয়া শতভাগ প্রতিরোধ করা সম্ভব। তবে খাদ্য সরবরাহ শৃঙ্খলে ব্যক্তির সংখ্যাধিক্যের কারণে এবং সমস্ত সাবধানতা অবলম্বনের পরেও রোগজীবাণু খাদ্যে প্রবেশের ঝুঁকি থাকে বলে এইরূপ প্রতিরোধ অর্জন করা দুরূহ।
বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা অনুযায়ী খাদ্য সংক্রান্ত স্বাস্থ্যবিধির পাঁচটি মূলনীতি নিম্নরূপ:
Mas huni

Mas huni (Dhivehi: މަސްހުނި) is a typical Maldivian breakfast, comprising tuna, onion, coconut, lime juice and chili. All ingredients are finely chopped and mixed with the grated meat of the coconut. This dish is usually eaten with freshly baked roshi (flatbread) and sweetened hot tea.
The fish used in mas huni was as a rule cured tuna valhoamas but currently many Maldivians use canned tuna.
Traditionally when fish was scarce, chopped leaves were added to the mas huni mixture. The green leaves of certain local plants and trees such as diguthiyara (Senna occidentalis), kuḷhafilaa or gōramfau (Launaea sarmentosa), mābulhā (Abutilon theophrasti), muranga (Moringa oleifera), massāgu (Amaranthus spinosus or Amaranthus viridis) sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and ḷos (Pisonia grandis), among others, replaced the fish in mas huni in a smaller or greater proportion.
Mas huni may be made with kopee (collard greens) leaves.
Another variant of mas huni is made with muranga pods (Moringa oleifera) instead of leaves. First the pods are boiled; then the flesh with the seeds is scooped out. This is mixed with the rest of the ingredients. This same type of thicker mas huni can be also made with tora (Luffa aegyptiaca), boiled butternut squash or pumpkin.
Behenic acid

Behenic acid (also docosanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid, the saturated fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. In appearance, it consists of white solid although impure samples appear yellowish.
At 9%, it is a major component of ben oil (or behen oil), which is extracted from the seeds of the drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera). It is so named from the Persian month Bahman, when the roots of this tree were harvested.
Behenic acid is also present in some other oils and oil-bearing plants, including rapeseed (canola) and peanut oil and skins. It is estimated that one ton of peanut skins contains 13 pounds (5.9 kg) of behenic acid.
As a dietary oil, behenic acid is poorly absorbed. In spite of its low bioavailability compared with oleic acid, behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans.
Commercially, behenic acid is often used to give hair conditioners and moisturizers their smoothing properties. It is also used in lubricating oils, and as a solvent evaporation retarder in paint removers. Its amide is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergents, floor polishes and dripless candles. Reduction of behenic acid yields behenyl alcohol.
Pracaxi oil (from the seeds of Pentaclethra macroloba) is a natural product with one of the highest concentrations of behenic acid, and is used in hair conditioners.
Kaempferol

Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plants and plant-derived foods including kale, beans, tea, spinach, and broccoli. It is also found in propolis extracts. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276–278 °C (529–532 °F). It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol is named for 17th-century German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer.
Kaempferol is a secondary metabolite found in many plants, plant-derived foods, and traditional medicines. Its flavor is considered bitter.
Kaempferol is common in Pteridophyta, Pinophyta, and Angiospermae. Within Pteridophyta and Pinophyta, kaempferol has been found in diverse families. Kaempferol has also been identified in Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons of Angiosperms. The total average intake of flavonols and flavones in a normal diet is estimated as 23 mg/day, to which kaempferol contributes approximately 17%. Common foods that contain kaempferol include: apples, grapes, tomatoes, green tea, potatoes, onions, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, squash, cucumbers, lettuce, green beans, peaches, blackberries, raspberries, and spinach. Plants that are known to contain kaempferol include Aloe vera, Coccinia grandis, Cuscuta chinensis, Euphorbia pekinensis, Glycine max, Hypericum perforatum, Pinus sylvestris, Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sambucus nigra, Toona sinensis, and Ilex. It also is present in endive.
The biosynthesis of kaempferol occurs in four major steps:
The amino acid phenylalanine is formed from the Shikimate pathway, which is the pathway that plants use in order to make aromatic amino acids. This pathway is located in the plant plastid, and is the entry to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids.
The phenylpropanoid pathway is the pathway that converts phenylalanine into tetrahydroxychalcone. Flavonols, including kaempferol, are products of this pathway.
Clarifying agent

Clarifying agents are used to remove suspended solids from liquids by inducing flocculation, causing the solids to form larger aggregates that can be easily removed after they either float to the surface or sink to the bottom of the containment vessel.
Particles finer than 0.1 μm (10m) in water remain continuously in motion due to electrostatic charge (often negative) which causes them to repel each other. Once their electrostatic charge is neutralized by the use of a coagulant chemical, the finer particles start to collide and agglomerate (collect together) under the influence of Van der Waals forces. These larger and heavier particles are called flocs.
Flocculants, or flocculating agents (also known as flocking agents), are chemicals that promote flocculation by causing colloids and other suspended particles in liquids to aggregate, forming a floc. Flocculants are used in water treatment processes to improve the sedimentation or filterability of small particles. For example, a flocculant may be used in swimming pool or drinking water filtration to aid removal of microscopic particles which would otherwise cause the water to be turbid (cloudy) and which would be difficult or impossible to remove by filtration alone.
Many flocculants are multivalent cations such as aluminium, iron, calcium or magnesium. These positively charged molecules interact with negatively charged particles and molecules to reduce the barriers to aggregation. In addition, many of these chemicals, under appropriate pH and other conditions such as temperature and salinity, react with water to form insoluble hydroxides which, upon precipitating, link together to form long chains or meshes, physically trapping small particles into the larger floc.
Long-chain polymer flocculants, such as modified polyacrylamides, are manufactured and sold by flocculant producers. These can be supplied in dry or liquid form for use in the flocculation process. The most common liquid polyacrylamide is supplied as an emulsion with 10-40% actives and the rest is a non-aqueous carrier fluid, surfactants and latex. This form allows easy handling of viscous polymers at high concentrations. These emulsion polymers require "activation" — inversion of the emulsion so that the polymer's molecules form an aqueous solution.
The following natural products are used as flocculants:
Thoran

Thoran (pronounced [t̪oːɾan]; or upperi in Northern Kerala is a class of dry vegetable dishes combined with coconut that originated in the Indian state of Kerala. This common dish is usually eaten with rice and curry and is also part of the traditional Keralite sadhya.
Thoran is a dry dish traditionally made of finely chopped vegetables such as cabbage, yardlong bean and other bean varieties, unripe jackfruit, bittergourd (കയ്പ്പക്ക/പാവയ്‌ക്ക) or elephant foot yam, of leaves such as green or red spinach(Spinach, ചീര), Moringa oleifera or Ipomoea aquatica, as well as of flowers such as Moringa oleifera or Sesbania grandiflora.
The chopped vegetable is mixed with grated coconut, mustard seeds, curry leaves and turmeric powder and briefly sauteed on a pan over high heat.
Thoran can be also made with carrots, green beans, cabbage, green tomatoes or spinach, vegetables that were traditionally not available in Kerala. The traditional recipes made in southern Kerala do not use garlic, but in the present day, garlic and onion are also added.
List of ingredients in Burmese cuisine

The following is a list of ingredients used in Burmese cuisine. Burmese cuisine utilizes a wide array of vegetables and fruits. Due to influences from India and China, most Burmese dishes use a much wider variety of ingredients than the Indian or Chinese cuisines.
Ingredients used in Burmese dishes are often fresh. Many fruits are used in conjunction with vegetables in many dishes. The Burmese eat a great variety of vegetables and fruits, and many kinds of meat.
गुलाबजाम

गुलाबजांब (मराठी लेखनभेद: गुलाबजाम) हा भारतीय उपखंडात प्रचलित असणारा, मिठाई वर्गातील खाद्यपदार्थ आहे. खव्यात काही प्रमाणात मैदा मिसळून केलेल्या गोळ्यांपासून गुलाबजाम बनवले जातात. हे गोळे तेलात तळून नंतर साखरेच्या पाकात बुडवून ठेवले जातात. काही वेळा या साखरेच्या पाकात वेलदोडा, गुलाबपाणी, केशर, केवडा यांचा स्वाद दिला जातो. साखरेच्या पाकातल्या गुलाबजामप्रमाणेच साखरेत घोळवलेले सुके गुलाबजामदेखील काही ठिकाणी बनवले जातात.
भारतीय उपखंडाखेरीज तुर्कस्तानात केमालपाशा तात्लिसी (अर्थ: केमाल पाशा मिठाई) नावाचा गुलाबजामसारखा खाद्यपदार्थ बनवला जातो. स्थानिक चिझाच्या गोळ्यांना साखरेच्या पाकात बुडवून तो खाद्यपदार्थ बनवतात. काही ठिकाणी रव्याचे गुलाबजाम ही बनवतात.
खवा व मैदा याचे मिश्रण करून त्याचे कणकेसारख्या पोताचे मिश्रण बनवतात, या मिश्रणाचे हातांवर वळून गोल किंवा अंडगोल आकारात गोळे बनवले जातात. मग हे गोळे मंद आचेवर उकळत ठेवलेल्या तेलात तळले जातात. गोळे तळून झाल्यावर साखरेच्या पाकात टाकले जातात.
साखरेचा पाक बनवण्यासाठी पाण्यात साखर घालून त्यास उकळी येईपर्यंत तापवले जाते. पाण्यात साखर विरघळल्यानंतर साखरेचा पाक तयार होतो. स्वादासाठी त्यात वेलदोड्याची पूड, केशर गुलाबपाणी किंवा केवड्याचा अर्क टाकला जातो.
मूळ : गुलाबजाम प्रथम मध्ययुगीन भारतात तयार केला गेला होता आणि मध्य आशियाई तुर्किक आक्रमकांनी भारतात आणलेल्या भांडणातून ते प्राप्त झाले होते. इतर सिद्धांत असा दावा करतात की तो चुकून मुघल सम्राट शाहजहांच्या वैयक्तिक शेफने तयार केला होता.
गुलाब हा शब्द गुलाबच्या पाण्याने सुगंधित सिरपचा संदर्भ घेत, गोल (फुल) आणि (पाणी) या पर्शियन शब्दातून आला आहे. "जामुन" किंवा "जाम" हा हिंदी भाषेचा सिझिझियम जाम्बोलानम आहे, जो एक आकार आणि आकार असलेला भारतीय फळ आहे, ज्याला सामान्यतः ब्लॅक मनुका म्हणून ओळखले जाते. साखरेच्या पाकात एक तळलेली चवदार पदार्थ म्हणूनही जमुनची व्याख्या केली जाते. अरब मिष्टान्न लूकमत अल-कादी गुलाब जामुनसारखेच आहे, जरी त्यात वेगळी पिठ वापरली जाते. पाक इतिहासकार मायकेल क्रोन्डलच्या मते लूकमत अल-कादी आणि गुलाब जामुन दोघेही पर्शियन डिशमधून घेतलेले असू शकतात आणि गुलाब पाण्याचे सिरप त्या दोघांमध्ये सामान्य संबंध आहे.
Sarcococca confusa

Sarcococca confusa, the sweet box, is a species of flowering plant in the family Buxaceae, probably native to western China. It is an evergreen shrub growing to 2 m (7 ft) tall by 1 m (3 ft) broad, with glossy green ovate leaves and honey-scented white flowers in winter, followed by glossy black spherical fruits, 5 mm in diameter.
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Sarcococca confusa is a very adaptable and reliable shrub that is easily grown in many situations, including dense shade with very dry soil. It will however grow in full sun, even though the foliage appears to bleach a little. The soil should be kept damp if grown in sun or part shade. The shrub is midwinter flowering with a sweet scent. The small black berries are eaten by birds which disperse the seeds. It is an evergreen shrub growing to 2 m (7 ft) tall by 1 m (3 ft) broad, with glossy green ovate leaves and honey-scented white flowers in winter, followed by glossy black spherical fruits, 5 mm in diameter.
Vânători, Teleorman

Vânători este un sat în comuna Lisa din județul Teleorman, Muntenia, România. Până în 1883 s-a numit Căcănău.
Aproape invizibilă pe harta culturală a județului, această așezare împreună cu localitățile din împrejurimi (Viișoara, Lisa etc.) apare în diferite hrisoave emise de mai mulți domnitori de-a lungul anilor.
Data înfințării satului Vânători nu se cunoaște cu exactitate. În schimb, se pare că vatra satului ar fi fost ridicată de către un General rus/bulgar pe al său nume Kakanev/Cacanev. Astfel că, deși este un nume ce inspiră multe glume, acest sat s-a numit ''Căcănău'' până în anul 1883, purtând astfel numele celui care i-a dat viață. După anul 1883, la ordinul unor ofițeri militari români care vânau în mod regulat în această zonă, s-a decis schimbare numelui ''Căcănău'' cu ''Vănători''. Două hrisoave vorbesc despre existența acestui sat:
Cele două hrisoave menționate mai sus par a fi singurele și poate cele mai vechi în care se atestă piatra de temelie a satului Vânători.
Monografia comunei Viișoara, localitate aflată astăzi la 4 km de Vânătorii de astăzi, povestește totodată despre luptele ce s-au purtat în bălțile râului Călmățui, și în vecinătatea satului Căcănău, între oștile române și cele turcești în timpul lui Vlad Tepeș.
În această parte a Câmpiei Române, descoperirile arheologice au jucat de asemenea un rol important. Astfel că, în marea majoritatea a tumulilor (movile sau măgură), ce au reprezentat puncte de observare a inamicului de la mare distanță, au fost descoperite 280 monede Macedonia Prima, o monedă bizantină, un tezaur medieval din sec XVI-XVIII format din 257 bucăți din care 223 triplu groși , 4 monede turcești de la Selim și Murat și 10 taleri din timpul Imperiului Romano-German, sec XVII.
Satul Vănători se află astăzi la 5 km de Dunăre, 35 km de Alexandria, aparține de comuna Lisa iar numărul locuitorilor pare să fie în jur de 500. Este în continuare o zonă propice pentru pescuit, în apropiere aflându-se și Balta Suhaia, sau pentru vânat mistreți, iepuri, păsări sălbatice (fiind multă apă cu stuf).
Ramaria flava

Ramaria flava (Jacob Christian Schäffer ex Lucien Quélet, 1888), sin. Clavaria flava (Jacob Christian Schäffer, 1774) din încrengătura Basidiomycota, în familia Gomphaceae și de genul Ramaria, denumită în popor burete creț, togmăgei, iarba mâței, piciorul ursului sau barba țapului, este o ciupercă comestibilă care coabitează, fiind un simbiont micoriza (formează micorize pe rădăcinile arborilor), având și însușiri ale încrengăturii Ascomycota. În România, Basarabia și Bucovina de Nord, se dezvoltă, fiind una din cele mai răspândite soiuri acestui gen, pe sol în păduri de conifere și de foioase umede, acolo preferat sub molizi respectiv fagi, din (iunie) iulie până în octombrie (noiembrie).
Chiar și specialiști au probleme cu diferențierea buretelui matur cu alte specii necomestibile sau otrăvitoare ale acestui gen. Cele necomestibile au cel puțin mereu un gust nepotrivit. Iarba mâței poate fi confundată ușor cu: Ramaria aurantiosiccescens (E. Schild, 1979), (comestibilă) Ramaria aurea (comestibilă), Ramaria botrytis (comestibilă), Ramaria eumorpha (necomestibilă), Ramaria fennica (necomestibilă), Ramaria flaccida (necomestibilă), Ramaria flavescens (comestibilă), Ramaria formosa (otrăvitoare), Ramaria gracilis (comestibilă), Ramaria largentii, (comestibilă) Ramaria obtusissima (comestibilă, puțin gustoasă), Ramaria ochroclora (comestibilitate nesigură), Ramaria pallida (otrăvitoare), Ramaria stricta (necomestibilă) sau Ramaria testaceoflava, (necomestibilă).
Se recomandă de a folosi mereu bureți tineri ai acestui soi precum imediata îndepărtare a vârfurilor ramificațiilor (amare). Iarba mâței se potrivește ca adăugare la mâncăruri de ciuperci cu zbârciogi și crețuște sau cu praz, respectiv creier de vițel sau porc. Împreună cu alte ciuperci se folosește și pentru sosuri de vânat, mai departe ea poate fi conservată sub formă de murătură, (atât în combinație cu legume cât și ca atare) sau ca aproape toți bureții în ulei sau oțet.
Războiul italian din 1521–1526

Războiul italian din 1521–1526, uneori cunoscut sub numele de Războiul de Patru Ani, (în franceză Sixième guerre d'Italie) a făcut parte din războaiele italiene. Războiul a fost un conflict între Francisc I al Franței și Republica Veneția cu Sfântul Împărat Roman Carol al V-lea, Henric al VIII-lea al Angliei și Statele Papale. A apărut din animozitatea față de alegerea lui Carol ca împărat în 1519–1520 și din nevoia Papei Leon al X-lea de a se alia cu Carol împotriva lui Martin Luther.
Războiul a izbucnit în Europa de Vest la sfârșitul anului 1521, când o expediție franco-navarreză a încercat să recucerească Navarra în timp ce o armată franceză invada Țările de Jos. O armată spaniolă a alungat forțele navarreze înapoi în Pirinei, iar alte forțe imperiale au atacat nordul Franței, unde au fost oprite pe rând.
În 1521, Carol al V-lea și Henric al VIII-lea au semnat Tratatul de la Bruges în secret împotriva Franței, iar ostilitățile au reînceput în Peninsula Italiană. În Bătălia de la Bicocca din 27 aprilie 1522, forțele imperiale și papale i-au învins pe francezi, alungându-i din Lombardia. În urma bătăliei, lupta s-a revărsat pe pământul francez, în timp ce Veneția a încheiat o pace separată. Englezii au invadat Franța în 1523, în timp ce liderul militar francez Charles de Bourbon, înstrăinat de încercările lui Francisc de a-și pune mâna pe moștenire, l-a trădat pe Francisc și s-a aliat cu împăratul. Eșecul unei încercări franceze de a recâștiga Lombardia în 1524 i-a oferit lui Bourbon ocazia de a invada Provence în fruntea unei armate spaniole.
Francisc a condus un al doilea atac asupra Milanului în 1525. Înfrângerea sa dezastruoasă în bătălia de la Pavia, unde a fost capturat de căpitanul imperial Charles de Lannoy și mulți dintre nobilii săi de rang înalt au fost uciși, a dus la sfârșitul războiului. Francisc a fost închis în orașul lombard Pizzighettone și apoi la Madrid. Manevrele diplomatice de a-i obține eliberarea au inclus o misiune franceză trimisă de mama sa, Louise de Savoia, la curtea lui Suleiman Magnificul, care a dus la un ultimatum otoman către Carol. Această aliere fără precedent între monarhii creștini și musulmani a provocat un scandal în lumea creștină și a pus bazele alianței franco-otomane. Suleiman a invadat Ungaria în vara lui 1526, învingând aliații lui Carol în bătălia de la Mohács. În ciuda acestor eforturi, Francisc a semnat Tratatul de la Madrid, renunțând la pretențiile sale asupra Italiei, Artois, Flandra și Burgundia. La câteva săptămâni după eliberare, el a respins termenii tratatului, demarând al șaptelea război italian (1527 - 1529), numit și Războiul Ligii Cognacului. Războaiele italiene au continuat încă trei decenii, s-au încheiat cu Franța nereușind să recâștige niciun teritoriu important în Italia.
Materiale media legate de Războiul italian din 1521–1526 la Wikimedia Commons
Vlad Nemuritorul

Vlad Nemuritorul (Dracula the Impaler) este un film de acțiune dramatic de groază. Este o producție românească a casei Artis Film din 2002. Protagoniștii filmului sunt Marius Bodochi (Vlad) și Andra Negulescu - Bleont (Elisabeta).
Timp de cinci secole, Vlad Dracula (Marius Bodochi) pentru vânând vampirii, tradat fiind de vampirul care l-a condus spre imortalitate (Adrian Pintea). Aceste brave cruciade au fost șterse din istorie, lăsând loc pentru un tiran care a tras în țeapă mii de oameni, pentru a-și satisface plăcerile sadice, Vlad Țepeș.
În prezent la New York, într-un clubul de noapte al lui Vambery, vampirul care l-a tradat pe Vlad, câțiva rockeri sunt decapitați și trași în țeapă de un bărbat misterios. Înainte ca Vambery să fie ucis, apare poliția, care îl salvează. Ziarele anunță apariția unui psihopat, iar secția omucideri, cere ajutorul profesoarei de istorie Elizabeth Dawson (Andra Negulescu - Bleont). Când Vlad o vede, aceasta îi aduce aminte de Elisabeta, iubirea sa din secolul XV, care fusese profanată de Vambery, și care s-a sinucis după ce s-a transformat într-un monstru. Dar oare va reuși să o atragă pe Elizabeth de partea sa și îl va învige pe Vambery, sau se va repeta istoria?
Titlu în română: Vlad Nemuritorul Titlu original: Vlad Nemuritorul/Dracula the Impaler Limba originală: română Anul filmărilor: 2002 Premiera în România: 22.11.2002 Regia: Adrian Popovici
Brian Lumley

Brian Lumley (n. 2 decembrie 1937, County Durham, Anglia, Regatul Unit – d. 2 ianuarie 2024) a fost un scriitor englez de literatură de groază. Născut în comitatul Durham, s-a înrolat în Poliția Militară Regală din cadrul Armatei Britanice. El scria povestiri în timpul său liber înainte de retragere (când avea rangul de plutonier clasa 1 - în 1980) și a devenit scriitor profesionist.
El a adăugat un ciclu de povestiri în Mitologia Cthulhu inițiată de H. P. Lovecraft, printre care câteva povestiri cu personajul Titus Crow.
Aceasta este o listă de romane și colecții de povestiri mai notabile. Această listă de romane și povestiri nu este exhaustivă. Lumley a avut mai multe fragmente publicate în periodice și alte publicații, uneori ca lucrări în curs de desfășurare sau lucrări parțiale, sub semnătura sa sau/și în colaborare cu alți scriitori.
Lumley a scris mai multe povesti originale, din care unele amintesc de stilul lui Richard Matheson sau al lui H. P. Lovecraft. În continuare este o bibliografie parțială a colecțiilor sale de povestiri.
Eugen Cristea

Eugen Cristea (n. 18 aprilie 1952, București, România) este un actor român de teatru și film.
A urmat studii teatrale, absolvind I.A.T.C. din București în anul 1976. În perioada 1976-1980 a jucat la Teatrul Național din Timișoara. Din 1980, joacă pe scena Teatrului Național din București.
În decursul carierei, a interpretat numeroase roluri de film, teatru de televiziune și teatru radiofonic. Este prezentator și realizator de emisiuni TV, regizează și compune ilustrația muzicală a unor piese de teatru.
Eugen Cristea a publicat un volum personal de proză și a tradus literatură beletristică.
Este căsătorit cu actrița Cristina Deleanu.
Din anul 1961 are o activitate neîntreruptă în Radio: teatru radiofonic, emisiuni pentru copii (Salut voios de pionier, Clubul voioșiei), Unda veselă, recitaluri de poezie, cuplete muzicale, prezentare emisiuni muzicale (Estrada Duminicală; Sunetul muzicii, sunetul succesului), Emisiuni de S.F. și Parapsihologie (unele pe scenarii proprii, traduceri, adaptări).
Are o bogată activitate în televiziune, începând din 1961: joacă teatru de televiziune (piesele Arhipelagul Lenoir, regia: Constantin Dinischiotu; Mușcata din fereastră, regia: Olimpia Arghir), este prezentator și corealizator al emisiunilor “Feriți-vă de măgăruș!” (între anii 1990-1997), “Ghici cine vine la mine?” (1998-1999), “Ceaiul de la ora 5” (1996-1999) , “Kiki, Riki, Miki”, “Arca Marinei”, “Personalul de Costinești” (2001).
Președintele României Ion Iliescu i-a conferit artistului Eugen Cristea la 7 februarie 2004 Ordinul Meritul Cultural în grad de Cavaler, Categoria D - "Arta Spectacolului", „în semn de apreciere a întregii activități și pentru dăruirea și talentul interpretativ pus în slujba artei scenice și a spectacolului”.
Legenda celor 7 vampiri de aur

Legenda celor 7 vampiri de aur (The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires) este un film de groază cu arte-marțiale produs de Hammer Film Productions și Shaw Brothers Studio. Este al nouălea și ultimul film din seria de filme Hammer cu Dracula. Filmul este regizat de Roy Ward Baker, cu Peter Cushing (ca profesorul Van Helsing), John Forbes-Robertson (Contele Dracula), David de Keyser (ca vocea lui Dracula) și Robin Stewart (ca Leyland Van Helsing) în rolurile principale.
Dinastia Vlastimirović

Dinastia Vlastimirović (în sârbă Властимировић, plural Vlastimirovići / Властимировић) este prima dinastie regală a Serbiei medievale. Ea ar fi fost fondată de cneazul necunoscut (непознати кнез / nepoznati knez) care i-a condus pe sârbii albi din patria lor pentru a se stabili în Peninsula Balcanică în timpul domniei împăratului bizantin Heraclius I (610 – 641), așa cum este menționat în De Administrando Imperio, lucrare scrisă a împăratului Constantin al VII-lea Porfirogenet (în 950). Lucrarea afirmă că el a fost fondatorul dinastiei Vlastimirović, domnia sa a fost recunoscută de bizantini și el a murit înainte de venirea bulgarilor în Europa (în 680). Istoriografia sârbă îl tratează de obicei ca pe primul conducător sârb.
Dinastia poartă numele prințului Višeslav (domnie cca. 780), primul conducător sârb căruia i se cunoaște numele, acesta este un descendent al cneazului necunoscut.
Conducători ai Serbiei din dinastia Vlastimirović au fost următorii:
Dinastia Vlastimirović a domnit în Serbia din 780 până în anii 960, când unele țări sârbe au fost anexate de Imperiul Bizantin.
Višeslav (în sârba chirilică: Вишеслав; în greacă: Βοϊσέσθλαβος) sau Vojislav (sârbă chirilică: Војислав) a fost primul conducător sârb căruia i se cunoaște numele, care a domnit în c. 780. Serbia a fost un principat slav, vasal Imperiului Bizantin, situat în vestul Balcanilor, care se învecina cu Bulgaria la est. Menționat în De Administrando Imperio de la mijlocul secolului al X-lea, Višeslav a fost un fondator al familiei conducătoare sârbe, cunoscută în istoriografie sub numele de dinastia Vlastimirović. El a fost un urmaș al prințului / cneazului sârb necunoscut care și-a condus poporul în provincia Dalmatia și a fondat o stăpânire ereditară sub suzeranitate bizantină. Numele predecesorilor lui Višeslav nu au fost incluse în De Administrando Imperio.
Potrivit De Administrando Imperio, în timpul domniei prinților Višeslav, Radoslav și Prosigoj, nu a existat război între Principatul Sârb și vecinul său din est, Hanatul Bulgar.
Radoslav sau fiul său a fost conducătorul Serbiei în timpul răscoalelor din 819–822 ale ducelui slav din Panonia Inferioară, Ljudevit Posavski, împotriva francilor. Conform Analelor Regale France, în 822, Ljudevit a plecat din capitala sa din Sisak la sârbi, undeva în vestul Bosniei. În cadrul aceleiași mențiuni, Analele Regale France afirmă că sârbii controlau o mare parte din Dalmația ("ad Sorabos, quae natio magnam Dalmatiae partem obtinere dicitur").
În timpul domniei dinastiei Vlastimirović, procesul progresiv de creștinare a sârbilor a continuat, începând din prima jumătate a secolului al VII-lea și sfârșind în cele din urmă până la mijlocul secolului al IX-lea.
Dinastia a condus Principatul Sârb de la începutul secolului al VII-lea până în anii 960, când unele țări sârbe au fost anexate de Imperiul Bizantin.
List of princes of Wallachia

This is a list of princes of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1859, which led to the creation of Romania.
Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family. On principle, princes were chosen from any family branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons, being defined as os de domn, "of Voivode marrow", or as having heregie, "heredity" (from the Latin hereditas); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence. The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Sultans; between 1821 and 1878 (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointment were put in practice. Wallachian rulers, like the Moldavian rulers, bore the titles of Voivode ("duke") or/and Hospodar ("lord, master"); when writing in Romanian, the term Domn (from the Latin dominus) was used.
Most rulers did not use the form of the name they are cited with, and several used more than one form of their own name; in some cases, the ruler was only mentioned in foreign sources. The full names are either modern versions or ones based on mentions in various chronicles.
From the early 15th-century the family was divided in two main branches:
The Ottoman influence in the Wallachian rulers' election grows from the mid-17th century onward. From 1659, the rulers elected are mostly scions of Greek families, and increasingly less linked to the original Wallachian ruling family. The process reached its peak with the called Phanariote period (1715-1859), where, between the rulers, there was already no connection (or a very distant one) with the dynasty of Basarab.
Radu II of Wallachia

Radu II Praznaglava (Radu II Empty Head/in Old Bulgarian/), (? – 1428?) was a ruler of Wallachia in the 15th century, ruling for 4 terms, each time preceded by Dan II, his rival for the throne, and each time succeeded by him. Of those 4 periods on the throne of Wallachia, all were within a period of only 7 years, and 3 terms lasted less than a year. He ruled:
Son of Mircea cel Batran, he was probably the last voievod of Wallachia to assert control of Banat and southern Basarabia. Dobrogea was lost in 1417. His short intervals of rulership were marked by frequent and violent clashes with his rival and cousin, Dan II, for the throne of the principality. He found shelter and military support from the Ottoman Empire, and it was this submission to the Ottomans which ultimately caused Wallachia to lose Dobrogea and other territories. Radu II is last mentioned in the spring of 1427, when Dan II attacked him from Transylvania, retook the throne, and most probably killed him.
His nickname, as appears in Slavonic writings (Praznaglava), could also be translated as "simple-minded", but the more likely meaning is ”void of hair (bald)”. He is considered an obscure ruler, which placed Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty.
Entertainment in the 16th century

British Entertainment in the 16th century included art, fencing, painting, the stocks and even executions.
While the 16th century and early 17th century squarely fall into the Renaissance period in Europe, that period was not only one of scientific and cultural advance, but also involved the development of changing forms of entertainment – both for the masses and for the elite.
Despite the great breadth of advancements in the arts during this time, the economic conditions of this period affected the types of entertainment available. There were three classes in society: A wealthy nobility, a merchant class, and the peasantry, who were typically poor.
The nobility could commission artisans to entertain them with works of art, music and theatre (Kareti, 1997). They would also enjoy or participate in the sports of fencing, falconry, horse riding and hunting; they enjoyed extravagant parties and dances, attended the opera house, and had the best seats in the theater. At that time Cricket was also a game associated with the nobility. In 1563, Lawrence Humphrey praised the five classic sports of Greece for the nobility – "whirling, leaping, casting the darte, wrestling, running" and derided "dauncing, fayninge to instrumentes, playe at dise, chesse, or tennes."
The middle class of merchants, wrights, inn keepers and the like, would occasionally enjoy the fine arts, for example the theater. Blood sports were popular – including bear baiting, bull baiting, dog fighting and cockfighting. Travelling troupes of actors entertained the masses. Enterprising bards would settle and build theaters – such as William Shakespeare’s Globe Theater (The Old Globe Theater History, 2005) in London.
The poor could rarely afford the theater, generally having to stand as groundlings. Executions were seen as a form of entertainment (Alchin, 2005), as was attending public humiliations in the stocks.
Gibbs Quadski

The Gibbs Quadski is an amphibious quad bike/ATV, launched in October 2012 by Gibbs Sports Amphibians. The Quadski is a 4-stroke amphiquad that converts from a quad bike/ATV to a personal watercraft. It can attain a top speed of 72 km/h (45 mph) on both land and water. The Quadski uses a marine jet propulsion system as well as wheel retraction, allowing it to transition between land and water.
The Quadski, developed and manufactured by a team based in Detroit, shares several features with the Gibbs Aquada. It is powered by a marinised version of BMW Motorrad's 1.3-litre engine from the K1300S, producing 100 kW (140 PS). However, on land, the power is reduced to approximately 60 kW (82 PS). To switch to water mode, the driver presses a button that retracts the wheels into the vehicle's body and disconnects them from the drive train. In water, the Quadski uses a stone guard-protected intake to draw in water, which is then propelled by an engine-driven impeller through stator blades and a nozzle. Steering is controlled by a nozzle at the rear, directed via the handlebars.
The Quadski can travel for about two hours on water and has a range of approximately 600 kilometres (370 miles) on land.
About 1,000 Quadskis were produced in Michigan between 2012 and 2016, when production ceased. The vehicle is no longer manufactured by Gibbs or under any official licence. A Chinese company, Hison, has attempted to copy the Quadski, but their version uses images of the actual Quadski in marketing materials and lacks strong evidence of functioning as a true amphibian vehicle and is legally questionable.
Official Quadski parts and technical support are supplied by Gibbs Amphibians in New Zealand.
A Quadski was used in a 2014 episode of British motoring show Top Gear, when Jeremy Clarkson raced it across Lake Como against an Alfa Romeo 4C driven by co-host Richard Hammond. Despite arriving at the finish line first, Clarkson proceeded to concede the race to the Alfa.
Basarab II of Wallachia

Basarab II was the Voivode of the principality of Wallachia (1442–1443), and the son of the former Wallachian ruler Dan II of Wallachia. Basarab II ruled during a turbulent time in Wallachia, now part of present-day Romania, with his rule falling between that of the father and son rule of Vlad Dracul and Mircea II. His reign was extremely short, as during that period only the strongest could retain their hold on the region for any great length of time. He took over as ruler in August 1442, holding on to it only until the Autumn of 1443, when Vlad Dracul forced him out.
During that time, the power of the Ottoman Empire became stronger with each year, making them a constant threat to independent Wallachia. Anyone who ruled Wallachia had not only the Ottomans to deal with, but the internal conflicts of their own people. Politics had to be juggled between maintaining good relations with the Hungarian Kingdom, who were often needed as powerful allies against the invasions of the Ottomans, as well as maintaining at least semi-friendly relations with the Ottomans themselves.
In 1442, Hungarian hero John Hunyadi defeated the Ottomans in battle, and placed Basarab II in power, forcing Vlad Dracul and his family to flee. However, the following year Vlad Dracul regained the throne with Ottoman support, based on a new treaty that had the conditions that he make the usual annual tribute, in addition to sending Wallachian boys each year to be trained for service in the Ottoman army. To further show his loyalty, he sent to the Sultan two of his sons, Vlad Țepeș and Radu cel Frumos, as hostages. The elder of the two boys would go on to become the inspiration for the novel Dracula, by Bram Stoker. Basarab II was not killed by Vlad Dracul when the latter restored his rule, however he would be buried alive during the second reign of Vlad Tepes.
Dracula (Hammer film series)

Dracula is a British horror film series produced by Hammer Film Productions. The films are centered on Count Dracula, bringing with him a plague of vampirism, and the ensuing efforts of the heroic Van Helsing family to stop him. The original series of films consisted of nine installments, which starred iconic horror actors Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing as Count Dracula and Doctor Van Helsing, respectively. The series is part of the larger Hammer horror oeuvre.
As Count Dracula, Lee fixed the image of the fanged vampire in popular culture. Christopher Frayling writes, "Dracula introduced fangs, red contact lenses, décolletage, ready-prepared wooden stakes and—in the celebrated credits sequence—blood being spattered from off-screen over the Count's coffin." Lee also introduced a dark, brooding sexuality to the character, with Tim Stanley stating, "Lee's sensuality was subversive in that it hinted that women might quite like having their neck chewed on by a stud".
Upon publishing extracts of their screenplay for Anno Dracula in an updated version of the first book in the series, author Kim Newman revealed the film would use the likeness of Peter Cushing to represent the severed head of the deceased Van Helsing, establishing elements of the Hammer Productions Dracula film series as the backdrop for the film adaptation's events, specifically an imagined alternate ending to the 1958 Dracula film. The fourth book in the series, subtitled Johnny Alucard, follows the character of the same name originally introduced in Dracula A.D. 1972.
In 2017, a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine saw Dracula ranked the 65th-best British film ever. Empire magazine ranked Lee's portrayal as Count Dracula the 7th-greatest horror movie character of all time.
مسجد ام النصر

جامع ام النصر (Umm al-Naser Mosque) هوا جامع فى دولة فلسطين.
جامع ام النصر اتأسس سنة 1239 فى بيت حانون.
مسجد ام النصر معرف مخطط فريبيس للمعارف الحره (الإنجليزية)
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
مسجد رابعه العدويه

جامع رابعه العدويه (Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque) هوا جامع فى مصر.
جامع رابعه العدويه ا اتاسس فى مدينه نصر.
مسجد رابعه العدويه – صور وتسجيلات صوتيه و مرئيه على ويكيميديا كومونز (الإنجليزية)
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
مسجد آل رشدان

جامع آل رشدان هوا جامع فى مصر
جامع آل رشدان اتاسس فى مدينه نصر
المقال ده مالوش وصلات على ويكى بيانات حاليا
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
مسجد ابو المكارم الزغل

جامع ابو المكارم الزغل هوا جامع فى مصر.
جامع ابو المكارم الزغل ا اتاسس فى مدينه نصر.
مسجد ابو المكارم الزغل معرف جوجل لرسوم المعرفه (الإنجليزية)
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
عبد الغنى ناصر

عبد الغنى ناصر (22 ابريل 1937-11 يونيه 2002) ممثل مصرى .
ولد عبد الغنى محمد محمد ناصر بالقاهرة، ممثل مسرحى وسينمائي، اشتغل فى التلفزيون، ينتمى لنوعيه الممثلين، فى سن متقدم، وصارة غزير الإنتاج تخرج فى المعهد العالى فى الفنون المسرحية سنة 1953، اشتغل فى المسرح المدرسى والمسرح القومى ومسرح الطليعة، ومن مسرحياته الجندرمة، السد هدى، زنزانه الجانين، على جناح التجريزى، وعمل فى مسلسلات الراية البيضاء، البخيل و أنا، رأفت الهجان، الجدران الدافئ .
محمد انور السادات

محمد انور السادات تالت رئيس لجمهورية مصر و حكمها من 1970 لحد اغتياله فى 6 اكتوبر سنة 1981.اتولد السادات فى 25 ديسمبر 1918 فى قرية ميت ابو الكوم فى مركز تلا فى محافظة المنوفيه .اتجوز "چيهان صفوت" سنة 1949 بعد ما انفصل عن مراته الاولانيه اقبال ماضى اللى كان اتجوزها سنة 1940. وله 3 بنات من "چيهان" , اللى اشتهرت بچيهان السادات.اشتهر السادات بقوته وبصراحته وبذكاءهُ و حكمتهُ وحبه لمصر و قدر يطلعها من دايرة الحروب والدمار للتنميه و الانفتاح و رجع اسمها التاريخى العريق اللى اتنازل عنه جمال عبد الناصر اللى حكم قبله لأول مره فى تاريخها. أخد جايزة نوبل للسلام.
من أهم الحاجات التى عملها السادات انه حارب اسرائيل فى حرب 6 اكتوبر سنة 1973. فى ظرف ست سنين بس قدر يعيد بنا جيش مصر اللى اتدمر فى حرب 1967 و يخوض بيه حرب و يخرج منتصر .
السادات اتفاوض على السلام من موضع قوه و عمل اتفاقية السلام المصريه الاسرائيليه سنة 1978 و رجع بقية سينا من غير ما مصرى يتقتل فى حرب تانيه ، برؤيتهُ للمستقبل العالمى وتوقعاته بانهيار السوفييت.
السادات اخد جايزة نوبل فى السلام سنة 1978 بسبب مجهوده و اهتمامه بـ السلام بالاشتراك مع مناحيم بيجن .
مهما كانت الانتقادات قدر السادات يوقف نزيف الدم و وفر الاف القتلى و المعاقين اللى كانو ممكن يكونو ضحايا لحروب بين مصر و اسرائيل.
اتكرم السادات فى كل بلاد العالم المتحضره و نال احترام الشعوب المحبه للسلام و أخد جايزة نوبل للسلام. فى 22 ديسمبر 2009 اسرائيل كرمته فسمت ميدان فى مدينة حيفا على اسمه.