davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Buddy (2003 film)

Buddy is a 2003 Norwegian film directed by Morten Tyldum after a script by Lars Gudmestad. The music was composed by Lars Lillo-Stenberg, known from the band DeLillos. The film was well received by critics, and won two Amanda Awards in 2004.
The film is about 24-year-old Kristoffer (Nicolai Cleve Broch), who lives in Tøyen in Oslo with his friends Geir (Aksel Hennie) and Stig Inge (Anders Baasmo Christiansen). Geir likes to live dangerously, while Stig is a more cautious and uncertain type. Kristoffer and Geir work as billboard hangers, and in his spare time Kristoffer makes a video diary with Geir and Stig, containing stunts of a Jackass-nature. When Kristoffer's girlfriend, Elisabeth (Janne Formoe), leaves him, his life seems to fall to pieces. Then his videos are featured on Norway's most popular talk show, "God morgen Norge" on TV 2, and Kristoffer becomes famous.
The idea for the movie started with two A4 pages of text in January 2002, from which it developed quickly. The creators described it as a love declaration for the city of Oslo, a city they believed was under-represented on film. The choice of composer for the score – Lars Lillo-Stenberg – was in the same spirit; in the words of Tyldum: "He is Oslo".
Buddy received support from Norsk Filmfond – the Norwegian government body for film funding – on 12 June 2002. Neither the script writer, the director, the producer or the actor for the main character had worked with feature-length films prior to this project. The director, Morten Tyldum, had worked with television, music videos, commercials and short films before, and he had been named "Film talent of the year" by the newspaper Dagbladet in 1999, but this was his first full-length motion picture.
Buddy was generally well received by the Norwegian press. The newspaper Verdens Gang gave it five out of six points, and remarked that in spite of a simple story, the movie was "damn well made". Dagbladet was less impressed, and gave the film a "die throw" of four out of six pips. The reviewer concluded that the film makers had succeeded in what they set out to do: to create an essentially "harmless" "feel-good-movie" after an American model. The movie was also released internationally, and reviewed by the American magazine Variety. Eddie Cockrell, as opposed to the Norwegian reviewers, thought the film was "overly plotted". He found the movie to be "on the sweet side", but commended its "solid, sympathetic characterizations from the five leads".
The film was awarded two Amandas in 2004: for "Best Film (Norwegian)" and "Best Actor" (Christiansen). It was also nominated in the category "Best Screenplay". It also received the "Audience Award" and the "Most Enjoyable Film" (awarded by Theatre Owners) at the Norwegian International Film Festival, the festival where the Amandas are awarded. At the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in the Czech Republic it won the "Audience Award" in competition with 200 other films.
Morten Tyldum

Morten Tyldum (Norwegian: [ˈmɔ̂ʈːn̩ ˈtʏ̀ldʉm]; born 19 May 1967) is a Norwegian film director. He is best known in his native Norway for directing the thriller film Headhunters (2011), based on the novel by Jo Nesbø, and internationally for directing the historical drama The Imitation Game (2014), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director, and the science fiction drama Passengers (2016).
Tyldum was born in Bergen, Norway. He was educated at the School of Visual Arts in New York. He originally wanted to be a musician, but abandoned the ambition when he entered film school.
He had his feature film debut with Buddy in 2003, a film that won great popular and critical acclaim. Previously he had worked in television, music videos, commercials and short films. He had been named Film Talent of the Year by the newspaper Dagbladet in 1999.
Since Buddy, he has made the movie Fallen Angels in 2008 and Headhunters (Hodejegerne) in 2011. Headhunters is based on the 2008 novel by same name written by Jo Nesbø. It became the highest-grossing Norwegian film that year.
He made his English language debut with the historical drama The Imitation Game, about the life of mathematician Alan Turing, starring Benedict Cumberbatch. The Imitation Game immediately became an international success, and was nominated for eight Oscars at the 87th Academy Awards, including Best Picture and a Best Director nomination for Tyldum himself.
Tyldum lived in Beverly Hills with his wife Janne and their child. They also maintained a house in Norway. After he divorced his wife and her death by suicide, he moved back to Oslo, Norway, with his son.
Film
Short film
Television
BonziBuddy

BonziBuddy (/ˈbɒnziˌbʌd.iː/ BON-zee-bud-ee or BON-zih-bud-ee, stylized as BonziBUDDY) was a freeware desktop virtual assistant created by Joe and Jay Bonzi. Upon a user's choice, it would share jokes and facts, manage downloads, sing songs, and talk, among other functions, as it used Microsoft Agent.
BonziBuddy was described as spyware and adware, and discontinued in 2004 after the company behind it faced lawsuits regarding the software and was ordered to pay fines. Bonzi's website has remained open even after its discontinuation.
The software used Microsoft Agent technology similar to Office Assistant, and originally sported Peedy, a green parrot and one of the characters available with Microsoft Agent. Later versions of BonziBuddy in May 2000 featured its own character: Bonzi, a purple gorilla. The program also used a text-to-speech voice to interact with the user. The voice was called Sydney and taken from an old Lernout & Hauspie Microsoft Speech API 4.0 package. It is often referred to in some software as Adult Male #2.
In 2002, an article in Consumer Reports Web Watch labeled BonziBuddy as spyware, stating that it contains a backdoor trojan that collects information from users. The activities the program is said to engage in include constantly resetting the user's web browser homepage to bonzi.com without the user's permission, prompting and tracking various information about the user, installing a toolbar, and serving advertisements.
Trend Micro and Symantec have both classified the software as adware. Spyware Guide's entry on the program also states that it is adware.
In April 2007, PC World readers voted BonziBuddy the sixth on a list named "The 20 Most Annoying Tech Products". One reader was quoted as criticizing the program because it "kept popping up and obscuring things you needed to see".
One of the last newspaper articles written about BonziBuddy while it was still in distribution described it as spyware and a "scourge of the Internet". Another article found in 2006 on the BusinessWeek website described BonziBuddy as "the unbelievably annoying spyware trojan horse".
Internetnews.com reported the settlement of a class action suit on 27 May 2003. Originally brought against Bonzi Software on 4 December 2002, the suit accused Bonzi of using its banner advertisements to deceptively imitate Windows computer alerts, alerting the user that their IP address is being broadcast. In the settlement, Bonzi Software agreed to modify their ads so that they looked less like Windows dialog boxes and more like actual advertisements.
On February 18, 2004, the Federal Trade Commission released a statement indicating that Bonzi Software, Inc. was ordered to pay US$75,000 in fees, among other aspects, for violating the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act by collecting personal information from children under the age of 13 with BonziBuddy.
Them Changes (Buddy Miles album)

Them Changes is an album by American artist Buddy Miles, released in June 1970. It reached number 8 on the 1970 Jazz Albums chart, number 35 on the Billboard 200 and number 14 on the 1971 R&B albums charts.
The title song, "Them Changes," is now widely acknowledged to be an adaptation of the 1969 song "Sing Lady Sing" by The New York Rock & Roll Ensemble. "Buddy Miles took pretty much all the guitar lines that Michael (Kamen) and I wrote and used them in 'Them Changes,'" said NYRRE guitarist Cliff Nivison. "It is the same song with a different vocal."
Writing for Allmusic, music critic Steve Kurutz called the album "quite simply, one of the great lost treasures of soul inspired rock music... definitely worth the extra effort to try to locate." Conversely, Robert Christgau wrote "His singing is too thin to carry two consecutive cuts, his drumming has to be exploited by subtler musicians, and the title cut is the only decent song he ever wrote."
Buddy Thunderstruck

Buddy Thunderstruck is an American children's stop motion comedy television series created by Ryan Wiesbrock for Netflix, produced by American Greetings and Stoopid Buddy Stoodios and written by Tom Krajewski. The series stars Brian Atkinson, Ted Raimi, Harry Chaskin and Debi Derryberry. The first season was released on Netflix on March 10, 2017. When promoting the first series Netflix billed it as the 'outrageous, high-octane adventures of Buddy Thunderstruck, a truck-racing dog who brings guts and good times to the town of Greasepit'.
The series tells about a hard-driving trucking adventures of Buddy the dog driver and his ferret mechanic sidekick Darnell the ferret.
Berlin Alexanderplatz station

Berlin Alexanderplatz is a German railway station in the Mitte district of Berlin's city centre. It is one of the busiest transport hubs in the Berlin area. The station takes its name from its location on Alexanderplatz, near the Fernsehturm and the World Clock.
Like other long-distance stations, Alexanderplatz is also a shopping centre for selling merchandise to travellers. Due to its importance and central location, it is a site where tourists regularly change. Alexanderplatz thereby became the second major hub of the Berlin U-Bahn network, behind Nollendorfplatz station.
Four Regional-Express and Regionalbahn lines, as well as S-Bahn lines S3, S5, S7, and S9, call at the overground station. The adjacent underground station is one of the largest on the Berlin U-Bahn network, with lines U2, U5, and U8 stopping there. The station is also served by four tram lines, as well as four bus lines during the day and many night bus lines.
Alexanderplatz station opened on 7 February 1882 on the Berlin Stadtbahn viaduct from Charlottenburg to Ostbahnhof (then named Schlesischer Bahnhof). In 1926, the station hall, spanning two platforms with four tracks, was rebuilt in its present plain style. Heavily damaged in World War II, train service at the station resumed on 4 November 1945, while the reconstruction of the hall continued until 1951.
The first station of the present U-Bahn line U2, designed by Alfred Grenander, entered service on 1 July 1913; the station was then the eastern terminus of Berlin's second line from Potsdamer Platz via Spittelmarkt. The platforms of lines U8 and U5 opened on 18 April 1930 and 21 December 1930 respectively, also built according to Grenander's conception, but in a distinct Modern style. The U2 station was also renovated after the Alexanderplatz fire in 1972.
The eastern entrances were destroyed on 15 March 1945.
The U8 station was also a ghost station during the division of Berlin from 13 August 1961 to 1 July 1990. The stationmaster's offices were also built; these were shifted and walls were removed. The entrance at Dirksenstraße had to be made accessible again, just like the connecting stairs to the mall and to the platforms of Line E. Besides that, the intercommunication staircase was also built towards Line E so that it would go through the dimly lit platforms. Stainallee was renamed a few months after the closure of the stairs. In all cases, the U-Bahn stations had to be recognizable as such on the surface. The U-Bahn logo has been removed in recent years. The station also had to undergo renovation works from 17 May to 30 June 1990 before the full reopening on 1 July 1990.
The U2 station was renovated between January and March 2001. The U5 station was renovated between February 2003 and September 2004; it was the western terminus of the line from 1930 to December 2020, when it was extended to Berlin Hauptbahnhof.
The station is served by the following services:
Buddy Joe Hooker

Buddy Joe Hooker (born May 30, 1942) is an American actor, second unit director, stunt man, and stunt coordinator. He is known for his expertise in designing and performing vehicle stunts for movies and television.
Hooker began as a young child actor on the television series The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin. Under the stage name, Buddy Hart, his acting career continued in shows such as Gunsmoke, Father Knows Best and Twilight Zone. He also starred in the family feature that his stunt performer father, Hugh Hooker, produced called The Littlest Hobo. That role led to a part on Leave It to Beaver as one of Wally Cleaver’s best friends, Chester, from 1957 to 1960. He was also one of the bachelors on The Dating Game in 1969, as "Joey Hooker", where he was chosen by the bachelorette Farrah Fawcett.
Hooker pursued the stunt profession in Rock Hudson’s Tobruk and Shirley MacLaine’s Sweet Charity. Throughout the years, his reputation as an all around stuntman led to his regular employment as Disney’s premiere stunt coordinator for 8 years.
Hooker’s reputation as the go-to coordinator for car chases grew with movies such as To Live and Die in L.A., Jade, and Death Proof. He was coordinator for Harold And Maude, The Outsiders, Godfather III, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Meet Joe Black, and 40 Year Old Virgin.
In the 1977 film about the stunt business, Hooper, Hooker broke industry records with a rocket powered car jump and many other stunts doubling Jan Michael Vincent’s character Ski.
His career continued with the first motorcycle jump over a helicopter as it landed, and rolling a truck 17 times down a sand embankment in the 1971 action feature Clay Pigeon.
The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences inducted Hooker into its membership during the first year it began a limited initiation of motion picture stunt coordinators. He is an original member of the stunt talent organization Stunts Unlimited and has served five terms as its president.
Hooker was presented with the "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the 2014 World Stunt Awards.
Hooker and his wife Gayle, who is also a stunt performer, have twin sons who worked as stunt performers in the film Spy Kids.
The 1978 feature film Hooper, starring Burt Reynolds, is based on a fictionalized account of his life. In the film, Hooker actually performed stunts for both Reynolds and Jan-Michael Vincent. He was also on The Dating Game in 1969 with Farrah Fawcett, which broke out into a staged fight. Hooker was the bachelor selected by Fawcett.
Manta termo-regulada

Una manta termo regulada (o manta climatizada) es una manta cuya temperatura se gestiona a través de un aparato llamado termorregulador. Tal manta generalmente colocada encima del colchón de la cama permite al durmiente controlar su temperatura ideal de sueño. Algunas mantas termo reguladas son reversibles, es decir pueden calentar o refrigerar a la vez.
Una manta termo regulada de agua se compone:
Tal manta puede tener distintos tamaños según la superficie a cubrir para una o dos personas, es generalmente fina para facilitar el cambio térmico entre el agua y los durmientes.
Los tubos están hechos de silicona médica, una calidad superior para resistir a las distintas presiones y plegados a los cuales se someten.
El termorregulador permite al usuario de ajustar con bastante precisión una temperatura ideal de sueño dentro de un espectro incluyendo temperaturas « frescas » ( 20º o incluso menos ) y « calientes » (40° e incluso más ).
El enfriamiento o el calentamiento del agua se ejecutan perfectamente a través de elementos térmicos los cuales garantizan a la vez un nivel sonoro bajo, una gran eficacia y son no contaminantes.
El control térmico del medio ambiente del sueño tiene varias aplicaciones.
En particular en caso de :
El calor y el frescor aparecen como factores que influyen en la sintomatología funcional de las « piernas pesadas » (Enfermedad Venosa Crónica).
En particular el frío posee propiedades fisiológicas interesantes para el tratamiento de las piernas gruesas.
Este triple efecto positivo del frío sobre las piernas pesadas se puede lograr de forma no medicinal por el uso de un manta termo regulada capaz de refrescar.
Las mantas termo reguladas (o mantas climatizadas) son el resultado de estudios en el campo terapéutico visto que presentan conjuntamente las ventajas de aportar una solución:
Las otras opciones terapéuticas existentes para refrescar la zona de sueño son incompletas:
Una manta eléctrica se compone de resistencias eléctricas dentro de las cuales corre un corriente eléctrico de 240V/50Hz….
Eso genera un doble peligro :
El sistema eléctrico de las mantas climatizadas como la Climsom , es decir, únicamente la parte del termorregulador, se encuentra separado de la cama y alejado del durmiente el cual está tumbado sobre una red de circulación de agua termo regulada y no sobre resistencias eléctricas.
Termas de Almirón

Termas de Almirón es un balneario termal de agua salada en Paysandú, Uruguay. Están ubicadas en el km 83.5 de la ruta 90, a 5 km de la ciudad de Guichón (Paysandú) y a 395 km de Montevideo.
Debido a que se encuentran a orillas del arroyo Guayabo Chico, también son conocidas como termas de Guayabos.
Cuentan con un centro terapéutico termal, un hotel, camping y residencias de alquiler.
El agua termal procede del acuífero Guaraní,​ al igual que el resto de los centros termales de la zona noroeste de Uruguay. Sin embargo, el agua de este centro termal posee características geoquímicas diferenciadas con alto contenido de sales, particularmente sulfatos y cloruros, alto tenor de calcio y de magnesio, muy apropiadas para uso medicinal.
Son las únicas de agua salada existentes en Uruguay y poseen importantes propiedades curativas. La temperatura de sus aguas alcanza un máximo de 34 °C, siendo su promedio de 32 °C.
En 1958 se descubrió el agua termal, cuando ANCAP realizaba cateos en búsqueda de petróleo. Se habilitó su uso en 1974.
La surgencia del agua es por bombeo desde una profundidad de 923 m en una perforación realizada en 1991. El caudal por hora puede alcanzar a 70.000 l.
El complejo termal cuenta con espacio para acampar y cabañas de propiedad municipal.
En 2016 abrió sus puertas el hotel Salinas del Almirón.
Termas del Arapey

Termas del Arapey es una localidad del departamento de Salto, en el Noroeste de Uruguay, a orillas del río Arapey. Se desarrolló en torno a pozos de aguas termales, actualmente explotados turísticamente. Posee una población estable de 256 habitantes.​
Las termas del Arapey se encuentran entre uno de los principales atractivos turísticos del país, junto con las termas del Daymán, la capital, el casco histórico de Colonia del Sacramento y la zona costera del territorio nacional, entre otros sitios.
En el año 1940 el Instituto Geológico del Uruguay comenzaba las tareas de perforación en busca de hidrocarburos. El 5 de enero de 1941 en el predio militar de lo que era el Batallón N° 6 de Caballería "Atanasildo Suárez", comienza a emerger un líquido marrón que lentamente se fue convirtiendo en agua, agua muy caliente. La desilusión por no encontrar petróleo hizo que se abandonarán las excavaciones. Por iniciativa de la familia Sitrín Voscoboinik que vivía frente al lugar del hallazgo, se opuso a que el pozo fuera tapado una vez descubierta el agua termal; y fue así que se construyó la primera piscina para disfrute de los vecinos de la zona. Este fue el inicio de lo que hoy conocemos como Termas del Arapey. Esta localidad representa la instalación de aguas termales más antigua del país y es considerada como una de las más influyentes en la región. Anualmente reciben más de 150.000 turistas. Se encuentra situada a unos 80 km al norte de la capital departamental y a unos 560 km respecto a la ciudad de Montevideo. Sus aguas templadas son asimismo empleadas con fines terapéuticos. Posee numerosos complejos con piscinas cerradas y al aire libre, rodeados de jardines que le aportan una inconfundible belleza natural. El Complejo Termal Municipal de Termas del Arapey es administrado por el Municipio. Posee una gran variedad de piletas termales, tanto cubiertas como al aire libre, zonas lúdicas para descansar, zona de deportes, sector para niños y un museo histórico.​
El agua termal procede del acuífero Guaraní.​ La temperatura promedio de sus aguas asciende a los 39 °C y constituye un atractivo turístico que convoca visitantes desde Uruguay, Argentina, Brasil y en menor medida desde otros países más alejados.
Las Termas del Arapey ofrecen más de dos mil plazas hoteleras, que van desde 1 a 5 estrellas. Además cuentan con un amplio predio de camping con capacidad para cinco mil personas. Su localización hace posible que año tras año, y especialmente en Semana de turismo, cientos de personas procedentes de otros sectores del país, así como de Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay hagan de este recinto uno de sus principales destinos.
En la última década ha crecido notoriamente el turismo europeo y norteamericano. Las instalaciones, que tuvieron problemas de mantenimiento durante la década del noventa, han sido recientemente renovadas y están en mejor situación que nunca.
Air conditioned clothing

Air cooled clothing is a term for clothing that actively cools down the wearer. It has primarily been used by workers in areas where air conditioning systems cannot be easily installed, such as tunnels and underground construction sites. Air-cooled clothing on the market does not operate by actually cooling down the air, as a room AC unit does. Instead, it increases the natural body cooling of the wearer by blowing air and sometimes water vapor around the body, decreasing skin temperature by the evaporation of sweat and vapor.
Patents for air cooled clothing have been around for years, but few products have actually made it to market. Hiroshi Ichigawa, a former Sony engineer spent 6 years to develop Kuchofuku, or "air-conditioned clothing" and launched his company in 2004 to manufacture and sell it. He first developed the water cooling system, but changed it to the air cooling system later because it was too uncomfortable to feel wet cloth. Another company that brought air conditioned shirts to market is Octocool, which is an online distributor of air cooled clothes. Attached to the clothing are two lightweight fans that help draw in air and help vaporize sweat. The fans, attached to the back of the clothing near the waist, are about 10 cm wide and run on rechargeable lithium ion batteries that last between 8.5 and 59 hours depending on the speed of the fan.
One advantage of air-cooled clothing is that it requires much less energy to cool people down than to cool down their entire environment. For instance, an air cooled shirt uses 4,400 mAh of power for 8.5 hours on the fastest fan setting, while an average central air conditioning unit uses 3000 to 5000 watts of power. In some cases, the purpose of air-conditioning is not to cool down the objects in the room, but the people. Directly ventilating clothing is therefore far more efficient. A 2012 New York Times article reported that gases commonly used in air conditioning absorb some 2,100 times more infrared radiation per ton than carbon dioxide, and due partly to increasing use of air conditioning in the developing world (particularly in tropical areas like India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, and southern China), air conditioning is projected to contribute to some 27% of the overall greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Although there are some ideas for room air conditioning units that do not significantly contribute to producing greenhouse gases, none of those options are yet on the market.
Cooling vest

A cooling vest is a piece of specially made clothing designed to lower or stabilize body temperature and make exposure to warm climates or environments more bearable. Cooling vests are used by many athletes, construction workers, and welders, as well as individuals with multiple sclerosis, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, or various types of sports injuries.
Cooling vests range in weight from around 1 to 3.5 kg, depending on the model. While many subtypes do exist, cooling vests fall into one of 5 primary types:
The effects of cooling vests on athletes to improve their performance has been evaluated on several occasions; at the 2004 Summer Olympics several Americans and Australians were fitted with cooling vests supplied by Nike, used prior to their events.
Cooling vests are also used by persons with multiple sclerosis. In multiple sclerosis, nerve fibers become demyelinated which leads to pain and discomfort when temperature is elevated. Nerve fibers may also be remyelinating or in the process of repairing themselves, and still be sensitive to elevated temperatures. The cooling vest keeps the patient's temperature down, reducing the pain symptoms. In 2005, a 12-week study at the University of Buffalo was funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, a division of the U.S. Department of Education, to determine if people with multiple sclerosis could exercise longer with the help of a cooling vest.
Cooling vests are also used by large workforces in the industrial markets from construction to oil and gas. In 2018, the Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy developed a state of the art cooling suit using evaporative cooling technology to help its 30,000 workforce complete the building of the Qatar 2022 World Cup Stadiums. This is believed to be the largest and most significant deployment of cooling workwear delivered and consulted by TechNiche UK.
Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Public Library

Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Public Library (Chinese: 屏山天水圍公共圖書館) is a Hong Kong public library. It is located in Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Leisure and Cultural Building, on 1 Tsui Sing Road, Tin Shui Wai near MTR Tin Shui Wai station and Light Rail Tin Shui Wai stop. It serves the Ping Shan and Tin Shui Wai neighbourhoods, both administratively in the Yuen Long District, the New Territories.
It is managed by the Hong Kong Public Libraries under the Leisure and Cultural Services Department. It has a total floor space of 6,100 square metres (66,000 sq ft), the second largest public library by area in Hong Kong, only behind the Hong Kong Central Library. It is also the first and only library in Hong Kong to date to have outdoor reading areas. There are about 330,000 books within the library's collection.
The library opened on 28 February 2013. It replaced an interim district library, called the Tin Shui Wai Public Library, which was housed in leased accommodation at Kingswood Ginza.
Ibyiza bya sociyete itwara abantu nibintu y’Urwanda (Rwanda air)

RwandAir yahembwe nk’ikigo gihiga ibindi muri Afurika mu kugira abakozi batanga serivisi nziza, ‘Best Airline Staff in Africa’, mu bihembo mpuzamahanga bihabwa ibigo by’indege bitangwa na Skytrax.
Skytrax ni ikigo cyo mu Bwongereza gitanga ubujyanama mu bijyanye n’ingendo z’indege. Gikora isesengura ku bibuga by’indege no kuri sosiyete z’indege kigatanga amanota y’uko bihagaze.
Mu bihembo bya Skytrax by’uyu mwaka, RwandAir yegukanye igihembo cy’uko ifite abakozi batanga serivisi nziza. Ni ku nshuro ya kabiri yikurikiranya iki gihembo icyegukanye.
RwandAir yahigitse izindi sosiyete icumi zo muri Afurika zagihataniraga. Abakozi bayo yaba ababa bari mu ndege n’abakorera ku bibuga by’indege, bashimiwe kubera ubwitange bagaragaza mu kwita ku bakiliya.
Iyi sosiyete kandi yegukanye igihembo cy’ifite abakozi bakora mu ndege bitwara neza muri Afurika, ‘Best Cabin Crew in Africa’ hamwe n’ikindi cya Sosiyete irangwamo isuku mu ndege muri Afurika, ‘Best Airline Cabin Cleanliness in Africa’.
Umuyobozi wa RwandAir, Yvonne Makolo, yatangaje ko yishimiye kuba abakozi b’iyi sosiyete bashimwe na Skytrax.
Ati “Twishimiye ko abakiliya bacu bahisemo gukorana ingendo natwe kandi no gushima serivisi zacu.”
Mu zindi sosiyete zahawe ibihembo harimo Qatar Airways yegukanye ibihembo icyenda na Singapore Airlines nayo yegukanye ibihembo icyenda.
Delta Air Lines yegukanye igihembo cya sosiyete nziza yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, mu Burayi igihembo gihabwa Turkish Airlines.
RwandAir ikorera ingendo mu byerekezo 28 mu bihugu 22 byo muri Afurika, mu Burayi no mu Burengerazuba bwo hagati na Aziya.
https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwandair-yahize-sosiyete-zo-muri-afurika-mu-kugira-abakozi-batanga-serivisi
Esther Mbabazi

Esther Mbabazi ni umupiloti w’indege z’ubucuruzi wabigize umwuga mu Rwanda, igihugu kigize Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba . Niwe mutegarugori wa mbere mu Rwanda wemejwe ko ari umupiloti w'indege. Yerekeza mu RwandAir, kompanyi y'indege y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda.
Yavukiye mu Burundi ahagana mu 1988, ku babyeyi b'Abanyarwanda. Se na nyina ni abapasitori b'ububyutse. Igihe Esther yari afite imyaka igera ku munani, ise yapfuye azize impanuka y'indege muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Uyu muryango wasubiye mu Rwanda mu 1996. Yitoje mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’indege za gisivili muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba muri Uganda, mbere yuko RwandAir imutera inkunga yo gukomeza imyitozo i Miami, muri Floride .
umunyarwandakazi Esther Mbabazi yize ahantu haandukanye aho yagiye abona n'amahugurwa atandukanye
kubyo akora, harimo nko mukigo cy'Afurika y'iburasirazuba mubijyanye n'Indege za Gisicile mugihugu cy'abaturanyi
cya Uganda nyuma yaho akomereza amasomo ye muri Miami muri Leta ya Florida, arinaho yavuye aza gutangira
Imirimoye mu Rwanda muri sosiyete ikora ingendo zo mukirere Rwandair.
Esther Mbabazi arangije amasomo ye muri Amerika, yahawe akazi na RwandAir kugira ngo ajye atwara Boeing 737 na kuri CRJ900, guhera mu 2012, ubwo yari afite imyaka 24.akaba ari nawo mwuga agikora kugeza ubu.
Qatar Airways

Qatar Airways (Arabic: ) n'indege y'igihugu ya Emirate ya Qatar. Qatar Airways ni imwe mu ndege ziyongera cyane mu nganda z’indege ku isi, kuri ubu umuyoboro uhuza abantu barenga 100 mu Burayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Amerika y'Epfo, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, Afurika, Aziya y'Epfo, Uburasirazuba bwa Ositaraliya, cyane cyane ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Doha.
Qatar Airways ikora buri munsi kuva i Roma Fiumicino, Milan Malpensa na Venice kugera ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Doha, itanga umurongo wa buri cyumweru 25 (indege 29, bitewe n’indege 4 ziyongereye ziva i Roma ziteganijwe mu gihe cya 01 Nyakanga - 30 Nzeri 2011). Kuva ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Doha hari ingendo zerekeza Dubai hafi buri saha: igihe cyo guhaguruka ni isaha 1.
Kuva mu 2009, Qatar Airways yakoze impamyabumenyi y’inyenyeri 5 yatanzwe na Skytrax World Airline Awards 2011 (isosiyete ikora ubushakashatsi mu Bwongereza, imwe mu mashyirahamwe azwi cyane mu nzego z’indege za gisivili kubera ko yahawe ibihembo by’umwaka ku masosiyete atandukanye y’indege, harimo ibihembo byisi byindege - Igihembo cyindege yumwaka) kandi yahawe igihembo cyiswe "Airline of the Yearby kubera ibikorwa byindashyikirwa mu bwato no kuba indashyikirwa mu bikorwa.
Abakozi ba Qatar Airways bahawe igihembo cya "Crew nziza mu burasirazuba bwo hagati". Byongeye kandi, Qatar Airways yatorewe kuba “indege nziza mu burasirazuba bwo hagati” mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe abagenzi mpuzamahanga barenga miliyoni 15 muri Skytrax World Airline Awards 2011.
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Kamembe

Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Kamembe, ni ikibuga cy'indege cyo mu Rwanda . RwandAir ikora Dash 8-Q400 hamwe n'indege zirindwi buri cyumweru zerekeza ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali . Ikibuga cy’indege cyakira ingendo ziva muri Tanzaniya, Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, nubwo bitari kuri gahunda isanzwe. Mu gihe cya genoside yakorewe abatutsi, ikibuga cy'indege cya Kamembe cyatanzwe nk'ahantu ho kohereza intwaro z'Abafaransa muri guverinoma y'agateganyo nyuma ya Mata mu mwaka wa 1994.
Ikibuga cy'indege cya Kamembe giherereye muri kilomete 5, k'umuhanda, mu majyaruguru y'ubucuruzi bukuru bwa Cyangugu, Akarere ka Rusizi, mu ntara yuburengerazuba bwu Rwanda. Ikibuga cy'indege giherereye muri kilometero 147.5 , mu kirere, mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, ikibuga kinini mu gihugu. Yicaye ku butumburuke bwa metero 5,192 hejuru bisobanura urwego rw'inyanja . Imiterere y'ubumenyi bw'isi bw'ikibuga cy'indege cya Kamembe ni: 02 ° 27'23.0 "S, 28 ° 54'35.0" E (Ubunini: -2.456389; Uburebure: 28.909722).
Kamembe ni ikibuga cy'indege kiringaniye gifite umuhanda wa kaburimbo 02/20 upima metero 4,921 uburebure na metero 45 mu bugari.
Inyubako y’ikibuga cy’indege yarangiritse cyane kubera umutingito wo mu mwaka wa 2008, maze mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2010 guverinoma y’u Rwanda itangaza ko ikibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe kizasanwa kandi muburyobugezweho.
Mu mera z'umwaka wa 2012 habonetse itumanaho rishya ryuzuye, hafunguwe umunara mushya wo kugenzura, ndetse na Techno Sky, ishami rya sosiyete ya ENAV y’abataliyani ifitwe na rubanda, yari imaze gushyiraho uburyo bushya bwo kugenda.
Muri uruzinduko rwo muri Gicurasi mu mwaka wa 2013, Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo Albert Nsengiyumva yatangaje ko umuhanda uzagurwa kandi ukongerwa kuva kuri kilometero 1.5 kugeza kuri kilometero 2 mu mwaka wa 2015. Ikibuga cy’indege cyongeye gufungura muri Kamena mu mwaka wa 2015 maze RwandAir itangira ingendo ziteganijwe kuva ku kibuga cy’indege.
Rwandan Air Force

The Rwandan Air Force (French: Force aérienne rwandaise) is the air branch of the Rwandan Defence Forces.
After achieving independence in 1962, the Air Force was formed with the aid of Belgium, the initial aircraft consisted of three ex-French Air Force CM.170 Magisters, which operated in a counterinsurgency role along with a Britten-Norman Islander. Other deliveries included SA 342L Gazelles, Nord Noratlas, SOCATA Guerrier, and C-47 Skytrains. During the Rwandan Civil War, most of the aircraft were either shot down, destroyed on the ground or crashed.
List of Airbus A330 operators

The Airbus A330 is a wide-body, dual-isle, twin-engine jet airliner made by Airbus. Versions of the A330 have a range of 7,400 to 13,430 kilometres (4,000 to 7,250 nautical miles), and can accommodate up to 335 passengers in a two-class layout, or carry 70 tonnes (150,000 pounds) of cargo. Two A330-300s were modified to accommodate up to 436 passengers.
The origin of the A330 dates to the 1970s as one of several conceived derivatives of Airbus's first airliner, the A300. The A330 was developed in parallel with the A340, which shared many common airframe components, but differed in number of engines. Both airliners incorporated fly-by-wire flight control technology, first introduced on an Airbus aircraft with the A320, as well as the A320's six-display glass cockpit. In June 1987, after receiving orders from various customers, Airbus launched the A330 and A340. The A330 was Airbus's first airliner offered with the choice of three engines: General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce.
The A330-300, the first variant, took its maiden flight in November 1992, and entered passenger service with Air Inter in January 1994. Responding to dwindling sales, Airbus followed up with the slightly shorter A330-200 variant in 1998, which has proved more popular. Subsequently, developed A330 variants include a dedicated freighter, the A330-200F, and a military multi-role aerial refuelling tanker-transport, the A330 MRTT.
Since its launch, the A330 has allowed Airbus to expand market share in wide-body airliners. Airlines have selected the A330 as a replacement for less economical trijets, and versus rival twinjets. Boeing has offered variants of the 767 as direct competitors, along with the 787 which entered service in 2011. Airbus's A350 also shares this wide-body airliner market. As of November 2022, the A330's order book contained 1,764 airframes, of which 1,555 had been delivered and 1,462 were in service. The largest operator is Delta Air Lines with 61 aircraft.
A list of operators of the Airbus A330, as of November 2024.
As of August 2015, seven countries have placed order for a total 41 of Airbus A330 MRTTs, specialised for air-to-air refuelling tanker operations: Australia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, France, Singapore, and South Korea.
Following countries operate A330-200 for VIP use.
East African Civil Aviation Academy

The East African Civil Aviation Academy (EACAA), also known as the Soroti Flying School, is a Ugandan school that trains aircraft pilots and aircraft maintenance engineers.
The school is based at Soroti Airport, (IATA: SRT, ICAO: HUSO), in the town of Soroti in the Eastern Region of Uganda. It is approximately 228 kilometres (142 mi), by air, north-east of Entebbe International Airport, Uganda's largest civilian and military airport. The coordinates of the airport are 1°43'15.0"N; 33°37'03.0"E (Latitude:1.720833; Longitude:33.617500).
As of May 2018, the flying school was undergoing renovations and a certification process to become a center of aviation excellence in the region. New technical staff have been recruited, including (a) a Director (b) a Quality Manager (c) a Safety Manager (d) a Chief Engineering Instructor (d) Flying instructors (e) Ground instructors (f) Engineering instructors and (g) Flight Operations Instructors. At that time the school had nine training aircraft. By May 2018, nine pilot-trainees, seven aircraft maintenance engineers and fourteen flight operations officers had completed training during the calendar year. Another fifteen pilots, fifteen flight operations engineers and five aircraft maintenance engineers were expected to graduate during the second half of 2018.
EACAA was founded in September 1971 under the Directorate of Civil Aviation of the EAC. The government of Uganda, the East African Community (EAC), the United Nations Development Programme, and the International Civil Aviation Organization were the major contributors.
When the first EAC collapsed in 1977, the Ugandan government took over the management and maintenance of the school. In 2012, the government began the process of returning the school to the EAC.
In late 2013, the Ugandan government entered into preliminary discussions with Integra, a private Danish aviation company, to improve and manage the school at international standards under a public-private-partnership (PPP) arrangement. Discussions at the Ugandan cabinet level have also been held about returning the school to the EAC.
In 2014, the EAC Council of Ministers agreed to take it back. On 3 July 2014, the presidents of Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda agreed in principle to re-instate the EACAA as one of the centres of excellence in the EAC.
However, due to the failure of partner states to remit operational and development funds to the school, the Ugandan Cabinet, in March 2019, formally resolved to take over the ownership and management of the academy.
It is expected that the academy will expand its training programs to include pilots and aircraft maintenance engineers from (a) UPDF Air Force (b) Uganda National Airlines Company (c) Uganda Police Air Wing (d) Ugandan Presidential Fleet (e) Commercial and General aviation. This would save Uganda millions of dollars in foreign exchange, currently spent on procuring this training outside the country.
01°43′15″N 33°37′03″E﻿ / ﻿1.72083°N 33.61750°E﻿ / 1.72083; 33.61750
Nyampinga w'u Rwanda

Nyampinga w'u Rwanda ni irushanwa ryashyizweho hagamijwe gutora umukobwa uhiga abandi mu bwiza, ubwenge n'umuco. Iri rushanwa ritegurwa na Rwanda Inspiration backup, rikaba ryaratangiye mu 1910 ritangizwa n'abakoloni b'abadage.
Nyampinga w'u Rwanda watowe bwa mbere ni Nubuhoro Jeanne atorerwa muriHoteli Méridien ubu yahindutse Marasa Umubano mu 1991 akaba yarishwe muri genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Yaje gusimburwa na Uwera Dalila watowe mu Ukuboza mu 1993, agomba kuba Nyampinga w'u Rwanda mu 1994 akaba ari nawe wamenyekanye cyane , kuri ubu aba mu gihugu cy'Ububiligi.
1.Nubuhoro Jeanne 1991
2.Uwera Dalila 1994
3.Bahati Grace 2009
4.Kayibanda Aurore 2012
5.Akiwacu Colombe 2014
6.Kundwa Doriane 2015
7.Mutesi Jolly 2016
8. Iradukunda Elsa 2017
9.Iradukunda Liliane 2018
10.Nimwiza Meghan 2019
11.Nishimwe Naomie 2020
12.Ingabire Grace 2021
13.Muheto Divine
Umutesi Kayibanda Aurore

Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore ni mwene Ladislas Kayibanda na Olive Mukazera akaba yaravukiye i Burundi(Bujumbura) mu w'1992 aza kwambikwa ikamba rya Nyampinga w'u Rwanda wa 2012 ababyeyi be batuye mu mujyi wa Kigali, Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore ni umuhererezi mu muryango wabana bane(4).
Miss Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore yigiye amashuri y'inshuke kuri petit prince(mu mujyi wa Kigali) aho yanakomereje amashuri abanza kugeza muwa kane akaba yarahavuye akomereza ku ishuri rya kimisange ari naryo yasorejemo amashuri abanza. Icyiciro cy'amashuri yisumbuye(Tronc Commun) yacyigiye kuri St Joseph i Nyamirambo, ayakomereza kuri ETO Muhima aho yavanye i mpamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye mu bijyanye n'ubwubatsi(Construction).
Miss Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore yatowe afite imyaka 20 y'amavuko atorwa ku tariki ya 1 Nzeri 2012, atorwa mu bakobwa 14 bavuye mu Rwanda hose. Miss yari ahagarariye intara y'amajyepfo. Yambitswe ikamba na Minisitiri w'umuco Bwana Mitali Protais. Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore yagaragiwe na Natacha Uwamahoro nk'igisonga cya mbere hamwe na Ariane Murerwa nk'igisonga cya kabiri.
Aurore yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2012 ku ya 2 Nzeri 2012. Hagati aho, abegukanye umwanya wa kabiri ni Natasha Uwamahore na Araine Murerwa.
Aurore yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Fespam Panafrica 2013 muri Congo Brazzaville
Aurore represented Rwanda at Miss Supranational 2013 in Minsk, Belarus but she failed to place.
Aurore yegukanye umwanya wa Miss World Rwanda 2014. Niwe wambere uhagarariye u Rwanda. Uwatsindiye Miss World 2014, Rolene Strauss, azambika ikamba rya Miss World. Aurore azagerageza kubona ikamba ryambere ryu Rwanda muri Miss World.
Mutarama 2012 Umwuzure wa Fiji

Itariki: ya 21 Mutarama - 12 Gashyantare 2012 Ahantu: Viti Levu (cyane cyane mu burengerazuba), Vanua Levu
Urupfu: Abantu nibura 8 bapfuye, 3,500 bahuye n'ingaruka
Umutungo wangiritse: miliyoni 17.2 $ (2012 USD)
Fiji yibasiwe n’umwuzure ukomeye muri Mutarama 2012.
Ku ya 19 Mutarama, ikigo cya RSMC Nadi gishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere cya Fiji cyatangaje ko Ihungabana ry’ubushyuhe 06F, ryateje imbere umuyaga mwinshi w’umuvuduko muke uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Fiji. Mu minsi mike yakurikiyeho, imvururu zerekeje mu majyepfo mbere yuko zitera kwiheba mu turere dushyuha kandi zambuka Vanua Levu muri Mutarama 21. Bimaze kurenga Vanua Levu ihungabana ryakomeje guhagarara mu bice byo hagati mu gihugu bituma imvura nyinshi n’umuyaga mwinshi hejuru ya Fiji yo mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba kugeza ku ya 25 Mutarama, ubwo yagabanutse maze itangira kwimukira mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba.
Imvura nyinshi yaguye hagati mu kwezi yateje umwuzure utigeze ubaho ndetse n'inkangu, bituma hamenyekana ko ibintu byihutirwa byatangajwe mu mpera z'ukwezi. Umwuzure wabaye mubi mu burengerazuba bw'ikirwa kinini cya Viti Levu .
Bivugwa ko abantu umunani bapfiriye mu mwuzure, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari ku kirwa kinini, kandi abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi barimuwe, abantu bagera ku 3,500 bashyirwa mu buhungiro bw’agateganyo. Amashanyarazi n'amazi byaciwe ahantu henshi, imihanda iratwarwa. Ibindi byangiritse ku bihingwa no ku bindi bikorwa remezo.
Ibiro bishinzwe imicungire y’ibiza byatangaje ko uduce twa Nadi na Lautoka (imijyi ya kabiri n’iya gatatu mu gihugu), Ba, Sigatoka, na Rakiraki ari byo byibasiwe cyane, byose bikaba byatangajwe ko biri mu byago.
Birashoboka ko ibyangijwe n’umwuzure byongerewe n’imihindagurikire y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka byagaragaye ko kwiyongera kwinshi kw’amazi yatembye.
Ibigo bitabara imbabare Croix-Rouge byo muri Fijiyani byagabanije abafite ibibazo by’ubutabazi bwihutirwa, kandi bagenzi babo bo muri Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande bagiye bafasha mu gukusanya inkunga n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga inama, hamwe n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’amazi n’isuku muri Ositaraliya zagize uruhare mu gutanga amazi meza.
Lituwaniya

Lituwaniya (izina mu kilituwaniya: Lietuva cyangwa Lietuvos Respublika) n’igihugu mu Burayi. Umurwa mukuru wa Lituwaniya witwa Vilnius. Abaturage | population_estimate = 2,944,459 | population_estimate_rank = 138th | population_estimate_year = 2014 | population_census = 3,043,429 | population_census_year = 2011
Miss Rwanda 2012

Miss Rwanda 2012, the third edition of the Miss Rwanda pageant, was held on September 1, 2012 at Gikondo Expo Grounds in Kigali.
The winner, Aurore Mutesi Kayiranga succeeded Grace Bahati, Miss Rwanda 2009. Grace Bahati was not invited to officially hand over his crown to his successor because she gave birth to a son out of wedlock. It's a taboo is very present in Rwandan culture.
Contestants who previously competed or will be competing at international beauty pageants:
Wire-tailed swallow

The wire-tailed swallow (Hirundo smithii) is a small passerine bird in the swallow family. It has two subspecies: H. s. smithii, which occurs throughout Africa, and H. s. filifera, which is found in southern and southeastern Asia. It is mainly resident, but populations in Pakistan and northern India migrate further south in winter. The genus name Hirundo is the Latin word for swallow. The species name smithii commemorates Christen Smith, a Norwegian botanist and geologist.
The wire-tailed swallow is a small swallow, measuring 18 cm (7.1 in) in length. It has bright blue upperparts, bright white underparts and a chestnut cap. Immature birds lack tail wires, and have dull brown (rather than chestnut) caps. The species is named for the very long filamentous outermost tail feathers, which trail behind like two wires. The sexes are similar in appearance, but the female has shorter "wires". Juveniles have a brown crown, back and tail. The Asian form, H. s. filifera, is larger and longer-tailed than the abundant African H. s. smithii.
This bird is found in open country near water and human habitation. Wire-tailed swallows are fast flyers and they generally feed on insects, especially flies, while airborne. They are typically seen low over water, with which they are more closely associated than most swallows.
The neat half-bowl nests are lined with mud collected in the swallows' beaks. They are placed on vertical surfaces near water under cliff ledges or nowadays more commonly on man-made structures such as buildings and bridges. The clutch is three to four eggs in Africa, up to five in Asia (Turner and Rose). These birds are solitary and territorial nesters, unlike many swallows, which tend to be colonial.
The wire-tailed swallow is a member of the genus Hirundo, a cosmopolitan group of "barn swallows". It has two subspecies:
Nyabinghi (Mansion of Rastafari)

Nyabinghi is one of the oldest denominations, or "Orders", of the Rastafari movement.
Probably the largest Rastafari group, the House of Nyabinghi is an aggregate of more traditional and militant Rastas who seek to retain the movement close to the way in which it existed during the 1940s. They stress the idea that Haile Selassie was Jah and the second coming of Jesus.
It was founded by Rastafari elders such as Ras Boanerges, Bredda Authur and others.
The name was supposedly taken from a legendary Rwandan, Ugandan, or Tanzanian woman whose name is said to mean "she who possesses many things". This woman's name later inspired the Nyabinghi rebellion movement that began in Uganda. Some people think this name was later taken by some members of the Rastafari movement and was used to create a current frame of thought.
This name, Niyabinghi, was actually mainly attributed to the prisoners across the continent of Africa and later groups of people in Jamaica (mainly from Pinnacle, the Rastafarian camp of Leonard P. Howell) who were going on hunger strikes and rebelling against the short Italian occupation of Ethiopia and the exile of Haile Selassie during the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference.
They also didn't cut their hair in rebellion, which eventually grew into dreadlocks and was against the social norms at the time.
After Selassie came back to Ethiopia, the prisoners were freed but their diet voluntarily consisted of little to no meat. They were internationally revered as warrior monks similar to the Levites of the Tanakh; adopting some of the same lifestyle choices (e.g., not cutting their hair).
Later, the Rastafarian mansion of Niyabinghi was officially established, and shortly followed by 12 tribes of Israel Mansion.
Some people say the meaning attributed by the Rastas at the name Nyabinghi is "death and judgment to all black and white oppressors".
The Nyabinghi order is one of the most widespread currents of Rastafari thought worldwide.