davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Josh Wingate

Josh Wingate is an American actor most recently known for his recurring role as Roland on Showtime's hit series Let the Right One In (2022) starring Demián Bichir, Kevin Carroll, Nick Stahl, and Grace Gummer.
Wingate had guest-starring and recurring roles on prime-time series like FX's Justified (2010), Sons of Anarchy (2008) as Harlan Hodges, AMC's Fear the Walking Dead (2015), ABC's The Rookie (2018) as Caine, Castle (2009) as Greg Page, and Showtime's Dexter (2006) as a paramedic.
Wingate portrayed Carter on the ABC daytime series General Hospital. His story line made history as the first time a soap opera had addressed the taboo topic of male survivors of sexual violence. In 2011, Wingate won a TV Guide Canada Soap Opera Spirit Award nomination for Outstanding Male Actor in a Recurring Role.
Wingate has also guest starred in other notable roles on several other prime-time series including: CSI: NY (2000) as Clay Miller, Crossing Jordan (2001) as Trent Willows, Medium (2005) as NA Attendee, How I Met Your Mother (2005) as Mike, The Unit (2006) as Marine Sergeant, Moonlight (2007) as 20-year old Lee Spalding, FlashForward (2009) as Guard, Teen Wolf (2011) as Fahey, Chicago P.D. (2014) as Tyler Jerome Hansen and Lethal Weapon (2016) as Duke Rawlings.
On the big screen, Wingate has appeared opposite Paul Bettany in Scott Stewart's Priest (2011), alongside Brad Pitt in director Marc Forster's World War Z, (2013), starred as the lead role in Inverse (2014) as both Arquin and Max Gilchrist, and most recently starred across Trevor St. John in A Good Enough Day (2022).
Wingate was amongst the cast, including Sterling K. Brown and Michael McKean, in the West Coast premiere of Pulitzer Prize winner Suzan-Lori Parks' Father Comes Home From the Wars (Parts 1, 2 & 3) at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles.
Raised just south of Boston in Quincy, Massachusetts, Wingate started acting at age 15, performing in several local and regional productions, before moving to Los Angeles as a young adult to pursue acting.
Evan Whitten

Evan Whitten is an American actor. On television, he played Ethan Salazar in the 2020 Fox television series Next, young Elliot in Mr. Robot (2019), and Jacen Syndulla in Ahsoka (2023). In film, he portrayed Alex opposite Christian Slater and Demián Bichir in the 2023 Netflix film Chupa. He also portrayed Charlie in the 2021 film Mona Lisa and the Blood Moon. He won the Young Artist Award for Best Guest Starring Performance in a TV Series for portraying Henry Barnett in The Resident.
He was born and raised in Bakersfield, California.
Wendy Raquel Robinson

Wendy Raquel Robinson (born July 25, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as high school principal Regina "Piggy" Grier on The WB comedy sitcom The Steve Harvey Show (1996–2002), and as sports agent Tasha Mack on The CW/BET/Paramount+ comedy-drama The Game (2006–2015).
Robinson was born in Los Angeles, California. She attended Howard University, where she graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in drama.
She made her acting debut in 1993 on an episode of Martin. That same year, she guest starred on episodes of Thea and The Sinbad Show.
From 1995 to 1996, Robinson co-starred on the short-lived NBC sitcom Minor Adjustments, starring Rondell Sheridan. The following year she won the role of Regina "Piggy" Grier in The WB sitcom The Steve Harvey Show which aired for six seasons. After the series ended its run in 2002, she appeared on the short-lived sketch comedy series Cedric the Entertainer Presents with her former Steve Harvey co-star Cedric the Entertainer. Robinson also made guest appearances on The Parkers, All of Us, and The New Adventures of Old Christine. Robinson has also appeared in several films including The Walking Dead, followed by roles in A Thin Line Between Love and Hate (1996), Ringmaster (1998), Two Can Play That Game (2001), and Rebound (2005). In 2000, she played Miss California in the film Miss Congeniality.
In 2006, Robinson began portraying the role of Tasha Mack, in the comedy The Game. After three seasons, the series was canceled by The CW on May 21, 2009. BET struck a deal with The Game's parent company CBS to develop new episodes of the series, relocating taping of the show from Los Angeles to Atlanta, and announcing its renewal at the April 2010 upfronts.
The Game returned to the air for a fourth season on January 11, 2011, The series ended in 2015. She also appeared in ABC's medical drama Grey's Anatomy in 2010. In 2014, she was cast as Cruella de Vil in the Disney's Descendants. In 2017, she has appeared in the film Flatliners, and had a recurring role on the short-lived ABC comedy series, The Mayor.
In 2018, Robinson was cast in the ABC comedy-drama series Grand Hotel opposite Demián Bichir and Roselyn Sánchez. In 2022, she featured in the Netflix series Family Reunion as Joyce.
In 1996, Robinson co-founded the Amazing Grace Conservatory, a school that predominantly serves children from 5 to 18 years old from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds in the fields of the arts and media production. Robinson serves as the school's artistic director. The school has provided a safe haven and training for thousands of young people. Some notable members include Issa Rae, Rhyon Nicole Brown, and Elle Varner.
Robinson was initiated as an honorary member of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority during the organization’s Centennial Boulé in July 2022.
José María de Tavira

José María de Tavira Bianchi (born 27 September 1983) is a Mexican film and stage actor.
The son of Mexican theatre director Luis de Tavira and Argentine actress Rosa María Bianchi, he began acting on stage with his parents; at age seven had his first participation in an adaptation of Clotilde en su casa of Jorge Ibargüengoitia, then in 1994 participated in the work Jubileo by Jose Ramon Henríquez. Academy Award nominee Marina de Tavira is José María's cousin.
He made his film debut in The Mask of Zorro playing the main character Alejandro Murrieta (Zorro) as a child. In 2002, he has a brief stint on the Mexican film Amar te duele by Fernando Sariñana. After that he went to London, England, to study drama at Royal Holloway, University of London.
While studying in London, he was called to do a casting for the Mexican comedy Cansada de besar sapos (Tired of Kissing Toads). He played the role of Xavier a stage actor who falls in love with Martha, played by Ana Serradilla. The film was well received by young audiences.
He worked with Fernando Sariñana again in the film Enemigos íntimos as Mauricio co-starring Demián Bichir, Verónica Merchant, Ximena Sariñana, Dolores Heredia and Blanca Sánchez. This movie was shown at the XXIII International Film Festival in Guadalajara.
In September 2008 the film Arráncame la vida (Tear This Heart Out), based on the novel of the Mexican writer Angeles Mastretta, got released in Mexico. In this film he played Carlos Vives, a young leader and lover of Catalina Guzmán, played by Ana Claudia Talancón. This Mexican production had a budget of 6.5 million dollars, was filmed in Puebla and Mexico City with locations in the Palace of Fine Arts and Chapultepec Castle among others.
That same year he presented his short film 100 metros at the VI International Film Festival of Morelia. The film is an adaptation of Harold Pinter's Victoria Station and held in conjunction with his brother Julián de Tavira, both worked on the script, production and directing.
In 2009 is starring Amar a morir as Alejandro Vizcaino. The film tells a love story amid the current disputes in Mexico. Also starring Martina García and Alberto Estrella.
In 2016 he appeared in the Mexican version of Rosario Tijeras as one of the main characters.
The Black Phone 2

The Black Phone 2 is an upcoming American supernatural horror film directed by Scott Derrickson, and written by Derrickson and C. Robert Cargill, who are both producing with Jason Blum. It is a sequel to The Black Phone (2021), which in turn is an adaptation of the 2004 short story by Joe Hill. The film stars Mason Thames, Madeleine McGraw, Jeremy Davies, and Ethan Hawke reprising their roles, with Demián Bichir joining the cast.
The Black Phone 2 is scheduled to be released in the United States by Universal Pictures on October 17, 2025.
In June 2022, Scott Derrickson said that while Joe Hill was protective of his story, the author had pitched him a "wonderful idea" for a sequel that he was open to directing if the first film was a success. In August, Derrickson and Hill confirmed that there were discussions with the studio to make a sequel. Derrickson referred to the financial success of The Black Phone as one of the catalysts for the development of the project. Hill said his inspiration to writing a sequel was based on the "iconic imagery" of the Grabber's masks.
In November 2023, it was reported that Ethan Hawke, Mason Thames, Madeleine McGraw, Jeremy Davies, and Miguel Cazarez Mora would reprise their roles from the first film. The script was written by Scott Derrickson and C. Robert Cargill, with the duo also serving as producers on the sequel. In December, Derrickson was confirmed to return as the director. In September 2024, Demián Bichir joined the cast. With the working title of Mysterium, principal photography began in Toronto on November 4, 2024, and was set to conclude on January 15, 2025. In December, Arianna Rivas joined the cast. Filming concluded on January 23, 2025.
The Black Phone 2 is scheduled to be released on October 17, 2025. It was originally set to be released on June 27, 2025.
Peter, Paul and Mary

Peter, Paul and Mary (a-wechoù PP&M) a zo ur strollad kanerien eus ar Stadoù Unanet, graet berzh ganto er bloavezhioù 1960 e-touez ar strolladoù folk a veze kavet d’ar mare-se. Tri ezel a zo er strollad: Peter Yarrow, Paul Stookey ha Mary Travers.
Larout a reas Mary Travers e oa levezonet gant Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, hag al laz Weavers. Er film Peter, Paul & Mary: Carry It On — A Musical Legacy e klever sonerien eus ar Weavers o kaozeal eus penaos o devoa Peter, Paul and Mary tapet krog er vazh-test er bloavezhioù 1960.
Savet ha meret eo bet ar strollad gant Albert Grossman. Klasket e oa bet gantañ sevel ur "supergroup" doare folk en ur gemer ur “veleganez vras (Travers), ur paotr farsus (Stookey) hag ur paotr koant (Yarrow)". Lañset en deus ar strollad e 1961 en ur c’hafedi anvet The Bitter End, brudet e oa an ti-se, a oa e Greenwich Village e New York City. Enrollet o deus o fladenn gentañ, Peter, Paul and Mary hec'h anv, ur bloavezh war-lerc’h. Kavet e veze er bladenn-se "500 Miles", "Lemon Tree", hit Pete Seeger "If I Had a Hammer" (istitlet "(The Hammer Song)") ha "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", un droidigezh eus ur ganaouenn alamanek (Sag mir wo die Blumend Sind). An albom a zo bet en Top Ten (dek muiañ gwerzhet) e-barzh listenn ar Billboard Magazine e-pad dek miz hag en Top One Hundred ( kant muiañ gwerzhet) e-pad tri bloaz.
Keira Knightley

Keira Christina Knightley, bet ganet d'ar 26 a viz Meurzh 1985 e Teddington (Bro-Saoz), a zo un aktourez saoz, merc'h da Will Knightley ha Sharman Macdonald. An tu zo bet gwelet anezhi e filmoù gant boujedoù uhel pe izel, dreistbrudet eo bet evit he rolloù drama istorel. Enoret eo bet alies gant daou Empire Awards ha lakaet e anv evit daou Academy Awards, daou British Academy Film Awards, tri Golden Globe Awards, ur Screen Actors Guild Award hag ul Laurence Olivier Award. Knightley a zo bet titlet OBE e 2018.
Ifig Troadeg

Ifig Troadeg, ganet er Vinic'hi e 1956, a zo ur c'haner kan-ha-diskan breizhat. Kanañ a ra e-barzh meur a goublad, hag asambles gant e bried Nanda ar peurliesañ. Kenlabouret en deus gant ar c'hevredigezhioù Dastum Bro-Dreger ha Mod All.
Kan ha diskan

Kan ha diskan is probably the most common type of traditional music of Brittany. It is a vocal tradition (kan ha diskan translates from Breton as, roughly, call and response singing). The style is the most commonly used to accompany dances. It has become perhaps the most integral part of the Breton roots revival, and was the first genre of Breton music to gain some mainstream success, both in Brittany and abroad.
The lead singer is the kaner, and the second singer is the diskaner. The kaner sings a phrase, and the diskaner sings the last few lines with the kaner, then repeats it alone until the same last few lines, when the kaner again joins in. The phrase's repetition is changed slightly in each execution. Kan ha diskan can be songs about any subject, but must meet one of a number of a meters used in folk dances, mostly line or round. Vocables, or nonsense syllables (typically tra la la la leh no), are sometimes used to drag out lines. Usually a kan ha diskan lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.
In addition to the Goadecs, the singer Loeiz Ropars largely responsible for maintaining kan ha diskan's vitality in the middle of the 20th century, and the 1960s and 1970s revivalists drew largely on his work. They also venerated performers like Les frères Morvan and Les soeurs Goadec. During the folk revival, aspiring musicians sought out elder teachers to learn kan ha diskan from, generally being viewed as successful when the student can act as diskaner to his mentor. Teachers of this era included Marcel Guilloux and Yann-Fañch Kemener.
An instrumental style similar to kan ha diskan is used by traditional Breton instrument players, particularly with the pairing of the biniou and bombarde.
2009–10 Coupe de France 3rd through 4th rounds

The 2009–10 Coupe de France is the 93rd season of the French most prestigious cup competition, organized by the French Football Federation, and is open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Réunion). All of the teams that enter the competition, but were not members of Ligue 1 or Ligue 2, have to compete in the regional qualifying rounds. The regional qualifying rounds determine the number of regional clubs that will earn spots in the 7th round and normally lasts six rounds.
See 2009–10 Coupe de France for details of the rounds from the 7th Round onwards.
On 23 June 2009, the French Football Federation announced the calendar for the Coupe de France.
All times in the following tables are CET unless otherwise noted.
Bouquinistes

The Bouquinistes of Paris, France, are booksellers of used and antiquarian books and rare vintage postcards who ply their trade along large sections of the banks of the Seine: on the right bank from the Pont Marie to the Quai du Louvre, and on the left bank from the Quai de la Tournelle to Quai Voltaire. The Seine is thus described as 'the only river in the world that runs between two bookshelves'.
The term "bouquiniste" appears in the dictionary of the Académie française in 1762. The term "boucquain", which derived from the Flemish boeckijn ("little book"), appeared in 1459 and is recorded as "bouquin" towards the end of the 16th century. The first mention of the word "bouquin" appears in 1580, while the term Bouquinistes refers to a second-hand book dealer.
Itinerant booksellers had sold books along the Pont Neuf by the early 17th century, but by 1756 the Council of State forbade the selling of books on the Pont Neuf to allow traffic flow which pushed the booksellers to set up their wares along the Seine.
In 1859, concessions were implemented by the city of Paris and the bouquinistes were permitted to be established at fixed points. Each one is entitled to 10 meters of railing for an annual fee of 26, 35 F and a 25 F licence. By 1866, Paul Lacroix fought for the rights of the booksellers to sell along the quays, inviting Napoleon III to visit the quays. In 1891, their requests to leave the boxes at night was approved. In 1930 the dimensions of the "boxes" were fixed.
During the 1970s, the bouquinistes felt threatened by the construction of the Voie Express Rive Gauche on the bank of the Seine. By then, Parisians' interest for literature decreased (as TV and radio increased in demand), leading to a decline in the quality of the antiques distributed by the bouquinistes. French President François Mitterrand was a regular customer of Paris' bouquinistes.
Installed along more than three kilometers of the Seine and declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, the 240 bouquinistes make use of 900 "green boxes" to house some 300,000 old books and a very great number of journals, stamps and trading cards.
The second-hand booksellers of Paris have inspired booksellers in other cities such as Ottawa, Beijing and Tokyo.
Part of the plan to ensure security for public viewing space around the Seine during the 2024 Summer Olympics opening ceremony was to remove the bouquinistes from the banks of Seine. The booksellers strongly campaigned against their boxes being moved, even if they had to be closed, with President Emmanuel Macron eventually ruling that they should not be moved and requesting a different security plan. Macron said that the bouquinistes are part of the city's "living heritage".
Article 9 of the by-law of October 1993, signed by Jacques Chirac:
The boxes used by book stores will be of a type approved by the Administration with an external bodywork determined by the dimensions below, for a maximum length of 8.6 metres:
48°51′11″N 2°20′50″E﻿ / ﻿48.85296°N 2.34728°E﻿ / 48.85296; 2.34728
Silek Sungai Patai

Silek Sungai Patai adolah salah satu aliran silek Minang nan ado di Tanah Datar. Aliran silek ko barasa dari Nagari Sungai Patai, sabuah nagari nan talatak di Kabupaten Tanah Datar, nan babatehan langsuang jo Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Manuruik sajarah lisan nan ditarimo dari tuo-tuo silek atau guru silek Sungai Patai, silek ko dibaok langsuang dek Syekh Abdul Manan, urang kampuang di Sungai Patai labiah tau jo gala Angku Gaduik atau Tuanku Gaduik.
Di Minangkabau, silek baguno untuak panjago diri atau pamaga badan. Dalam istilah Sungai Patai, basilek di muko musuah disabuik jo goluik. Sadangkan basilek untuak patunjuakan disabuik bungo. Baraja basilek di Sungai Patai dilakukan pado malam ari, nan batujuan untuak maningkekan kalincahan, katajaman raso, jo mangatahui sacaro parasoan arah garakan nan tibo.
Dalam prakteknyo saari-ari, jikok saurang guru silek ditanyo apokah pandai inyo basilek, mako jo kato aluih dan mangecekan maso inyo anyo pandai mancak (pencak). Padahal sabananyo inyo pandai basilek jo manjadi guru silek. Jadi itulah sipaik randah ati ala masarakaik pasilekan, baliau indak maninggikan diri, tapi wakatu jo kanyatoanlah nan ka maagiah tau nan sabananyo.
Lambang Silek Sungai Patai pado awalnyo alun mampunyoi lambang, tatapi sairiang pakambangan jaman, lambang silek Sungai Patai muncua. Lambang Silek Sungai Patai dibuek kiro-kiro pado taun 1970-an, nan dibuek jo dirancang dek Syafril Murad. Angku Syafril Murad atau dikenal jo panggialan "Purin", barasa dari Bukiktinggi nan datang jo manuntuik ilimu Silek Sungai Patai ka Nagari Sungai Patai.
Dalam Silek Sungai Patai, beliau mamasuakan tigo binatang buas: iyolah gajah, harimau, jo ula. Gajah adolah lambang kakuatan, harimau lambang kabuasan, jo ula lambang lilikan nan dalam filosofi aliran Silek Sungai Patai disabuik kabek. Lambang tasabuik didominasi jo warna kuniang nan malambangkan Luhak Tanah Datar.
Pambarian namo Silek Sungai Patai dilakukan pado wakatu mambuek sasaran atau tampek latihan di ateh ngungun jo bukik selo.
Karate

Karate (空 手 道) adolah ulahrago dan juo seni bela diri nan barasa dari Japang. Seni bela diri karate dibaok masuak ka Japang lewat Okinawa. Seni bela diri iko partamo kali disabuik "Tote", nan bamaksuik "Tangan Cino". Waktu karate masuak ka Japang, sentimen nasionalisme urang-urang Japang sadang tinggi, sahinggo Sensei Gichin Funakoshi mangubah kanji Okinawa (Tote bamaksuik Tangan Cino) dalam kanji Japang manjadi 'karate' (tangan kosong) supayo labiah mudah ditarimo dek masyarakaik Japang pado umumnyo.
Pado zaman kini, karate dapek dibagi manjadi aliran tradisional jo aliran ulahrago. Aliran tradisional labiah mamantiangan aspek bela diri jo teknik tempur, samantaro aliran ulahrago labiah manumpuan kapado teknik-teknik untuak patandiangan.
Silek singo barantai

Silek singo barantai adolah seni bela diri nan dimasuakan ka dalam kategori silek. Kabaradoannyo alah adoh samanjak sabalum kemerdekaan indonesia. Walaupun alah adoh sajak lamo silek ko taruih juo di lestarian sampai kini, manuruik silsilahnyo adolah aliran silek nan digabuang manjadi ciek dimano dahulunyo digunoan untuak malawan panjajah. Sadangkan untuak namonyo barasa dari namo saurang guru nan bagala singo barantai nan artinyo maliang budiman. Adopun jurus sarang nan manjadi ciri dari singo barantai di antaronyo adolah juluk, sisik tangan jo kaki sarato jo lantak bawah. Juluk ko adolah sarangan nan manggunoan ujuang jari, siap tu sisiak tangan manyarang jo bagian sisi tangan baitupun jo kaki. Sadangkan lantak bawah ko adolah sarangan nan manggunoan tumik nan di tujuan ka ibu kaki.
地藏菩萨本愿经

《地藏菩萨本愿经》（梵文：Kṣitigarbha-bodhisattva-pūrva-praṇidhāna Sūtra，藏文：བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ས་ཡི་སྙིང་པོའི་རྩ་བའི་སྨོན་ལམ་གྱི་མདོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།།），又称《地藏本愿经》、《地藏本行经》、《地藏本誓力经》，簡稱《地藏经》，大乘佛教典，是釋迦牟尼佛稱揚贊嘆地藏菩薩“地獄未空誓不成佛，眾生度盡方證菩提”之宏大願望的經典。
目前的流通本，題為唐朝實叉難陀所譯，明朝時則題為法燈、法炬所譯，實際上的譯者及譯出年代不詳。
明朝蓮池祩宏大師，為本經所作的題跋中，稱此經由唐代實叉難陀譯，而當時明朝流通本，譯者多半題為法燈、法炬，此二人的生平及時代皆已不可考。但在唐智昇《開元釋教錄》與《貞元新定釋教目錄》中所記載實叉難陀譯出經典共十九部，其中並沒有包括本書。因此是否由實叉難陀所譯，歷來受到許多質疑。
在文獻上，最早提及此經的，是北宋太宗端拱年间（西元988年至989年）僧侶常謹所集的《地藏菩薩像靈驗記》，在其中引用了〈分身功德品〉的內容，並且記錄在五代後晉天福年間（西元936年至948年），西印度沙門知祐曾攜此經梵文本至清泰寺。遼代僧侶非濁所集的《三寶感應要略錄》也引用了〈忉利天宫神通品〉中的內容。法國學者伯希和於1908年在敦煌發現了西夏文本的地藏經殘本，而且地藏經在宋朝之前已傳入日本，由這些證據可知，在五代至北宋初年，地藏經已經在中國流行開來。
经胡适研究，普林斯顿大学葛思德东方书库所藏的二千余本宋元刻藏经是《碛砂藏》原本，并在其中发现了7本经名失考、暂无从访补的佛经，其中即有此经。有學者懷疑此經並不是自印度傳入，而是五代時在中國寫出的經典。该经强调孝道，较接近中国的儒家思想，也被當成是此經在中國所作的論點之一。美国学者Gregory Schopen则反驳称在印度佛教中也能找到强调孝道的内容。
法國學者伯希和於1908年從中國敦煌莫高窟第181窟和第182窟發掘獲取的文獻中，包括了西夏文活字印刷的《地藏菩薩本願經》，內容與漢文本大致相合。
1989年在敦煌莫高窟北區出土此經的西夏文活字印刷殘本有中卷，可知此本分上、中、下三卷，與流行的漢文同。其中有一面主要是咒語，而漢文本並無咒語。
释迦牟尼佛在忉利天宫（欲界六天的第二层天），为母亲摩耶夫人说法，赞扬地藏菩萨的“久遠劫來發弘誓願”即将成就，并介绍了地藏菩萨在因地修行过程中的事迹，例如他為婆罗门女和光目女時曾設法救度母亲。
佛和地藏菩萨对话，其间文殊菩萨、佛母摩耶夫人、定自在王菩萨、四天王、普贤菩萨、普广菩萨、太辯長者者、阎罗天子、恶毒鬼王、主命鬼王、坚牢地神、观世音菩萨、虚空藏菩萨依次向他们提问。这些对话救济各种处境的众生，众生于此能寻找到利益，例如，
全经分为十三个部分：
《地藏经》是一部记载着万物众生其生、老、病、死的过程。它融合了地藏王菩萨的大悲愿和诸佛菩萨的见证，叙述佛陀深入浅出的慈悲开示。对于深究佛法的修行者，可以印证因缘果报的不可思议；而初发心者而言，亦可相应契入地藏王菩萨的教化慈悲。在所有经典之中，《地藏菩萨本愿功德经》教理相较于其他经文浅显易懂，故广受欢迎。
在佛教及部分民间佛教中，《地藏经》亦用于人们对亡者的超度（及临终关怀）。即依诵《地藏经》或遵循《地藏经》中所获的功德，亦可把其迴向给往生的亲人。例如台灣大部分佛寺於農曆七月舉行的各項法會，許多參與者都會集體朗誦。
在台灣佛教界亦有諸多法師稱讚地藏菩薩及《地藏菩薩本願經》：
1.法鼓山創辦人聖嚴法師說：「所有教化事業，除了普賢菩薩和觀世音菩薩等諸大菩薩外之，沒有其他菩薩可以與地藏菩薩相比。」「地藏菩薩能夠滿足一切眾生所求，除去一切重罪和障礙。」
2.華藏淨宗學會淨空法師說：「所以說是要幫助眾生、救濟眾生，免墮惡道，這部­經是救命的經，是教我們在人天兩道把腳跟站牢，不失人身，不墮惡道，這個經典無比殊勝­的功德利益就在此處。我們能夠想像得到，地藏菩薩一定是勸一切眾生斷十­惡、修十善，孝親尊師，這樣才避免不墮惡道。所以地藏本願法門，對我們任何一個人來說­無比的重要，也無比的親切，我們應當發心認真修學，認真的來宣揚。
3.高雄圓照寺和諦願寺住持敬定法師說：「地藏本願經普遍利於社會家庭，尤其地藏菩薩救母的孝道於五濁惡世中，可以幫助每個家庭的倫理道德，教育子孫行孝道。
4.慈濟功德會證嚴法師：「知孝道、明因果」，證嚴上人慈示，讀誦《地藏經》是為培養菩薩濟世之心，於生活中時時警惕，就能減少造惡的機會，淨心修養與學佛，自利利人傳播正法，無形中將佛法救世理念落實人間。
依地藏菩薩本願經而形成的修持方法，一般稱為地藏法門。當今佛教界有梦参法師、敬定法師、地皎法師等，戮力弘揚地藏法門，不遺餘力，而地皎法師的地藏道場遍布台灣各地與東南亞地區。講解地藏經之法師眾多，除上述之外，還有宣化上人、淨空法師、證嚴上人及聖嚴法師等。
虚空藏菩萨

虛空藏菩薩摩訶薩（梵語：आकाशगर्भ बोधिसत्त्व महासत्त्व，羅馬化：Ākāśagarbha bodhisattva mahāsattva），ākāśa 虛空、蒼穹，garbha 胎藏，亦譯虛空孕，密號如意金剛、庫藏金剛等，大乘佛教八大菩薩之一。按經述，虛空藏菩薩橫空出世、凌駕群雄、心包太虛、量周沙界、光照萬宇、德被億眾、慈悲恒發、威力無窮，記憶力如虛空浩瀚無垠。與代表大地的地藏菩薩互為呼應。為密宗胎藏界壇城虛空藏院之中尊，金剛界壇城賢劫十六尊之一。
《虛空藏菩薩經》等經中說祂常住於一切香集世界，其智慧廣大如虛空，其財富遍滿三界，能滿足信眾求智慧、財富、美名、美滿眷屬之願望。常被塑化成頭戴五佛冠，右手握散發火焰寶劍，左手持上有滿願如意珠之開敷蓮花的形像。此菩薩所提供求聞持法相傳隨求即得成就，信眾常修法祈禱祂加持，其中尤以唐密八祖、東密開祖遍照空海之應驗事蹟最為著名，以得增強記憶、見聞不忘之能力。
在《大樂金剛不空真實三昧耶經般若波羅蜜多理趣釋》卷下，唐 不空法師提到：一切三界主如來者：寶生佛也。寶生之變化，則虛空藏菩薩是也。
有許多佛經是以虛空藏菩薩為主角：
另外，虛空藏菩薩也有出現在地藏菩薩本願經內，詢問聽聞地藏菩薩經典及名字的功德福利
《佛學大辭典》丁福保編 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 〈虛空藏菩薩讚文〉 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
《虛空藏菩薩經》CBETA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
《觀虛空藏菩薩經》CBETA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
《大集大虛空藏菩薩所問經》CBETA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
《大方等大集經 虛空藏品第八之一所問品第一》CBETA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
《大通方廣懺悔滅罪莊嚴成佛經 卷中》CBETA （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
笠地藏

笠地藏（かさじぞう）是日本的民話。致富譚的代表之一，講述無私的善行者得到意想不到的好運的故事。具體來說，一對貧窮但心地善良的老夫婦，因將斗笠戴在路邊的地藏菩薩石像上，而得到回報。
傳說的內容因地域而有細部差異，以下是最廣為人知的內容。
很久以前在某個地方，住著一對非常貧困的老夫婦。年關將近，卻連年糕都買不起。於是，老人揹著斗笠到街上去賣，但是，完全賣不出去。放棄的老人在回家途中遭遇大雪，在大雪中看到路邊的六尊地藏菩薩像，覺得他們看起來很冷，便拂去地藏菩薩頭上的積雪，給他們一一戴上沒賣掉的斗笠。不過，老人手上只有五頂斗笠，所以他就將頭上的那頂戴在最後一尊地藏菩薩像上。空手而回的老人，老婦人聽完老人說明事情的經過，並未責怪老人，反而微笑的贊成他。
那天晚上，老夫婦在睡覺的時候，聽到屋外有什麼重物掉下來的聲音。打開門往外一看，發現屋前堆著一大堆米袋、年糕、蔬菜、魚等食物，還有小判等各種寶物，又看到六尊頭戴斗笠的地藏菩薩離開的背影。據說，多虧了地藏菩薩的這份禮物，老夫婦才得以度過一個幸福的新年。
廊開府

廊開府（泰语：จังหวัดหนองคาย，轉寫：cang-hwȃqt hnɰang-gaːy，派汶拼音：jang-wàt Nɔ̌ɔng-kaai，泰语发音：[t͡ɕāŋ.wàt nɔ̌ːŋ kʰāːj]）為泰國東北部之一個府。
該府原名為「曼派村」，原屬寮國的「萬象城」統治。拉達那哥欣王國時代，該村及萬象城被暹羅入侵佔據，暹羅人於1827年建立起防禦城池，命名為「廊開府」，並管轄「萬象城」（今寮國永珍）。直至1893年，暹羅才與法國按照中止糾紛協約，割去「萬象城」給法國。
廊開府原來分為17個縣，該等縣份轄下再分成共115個區和1,099條村。2011年3月23日，汶干縣等8個東北部的縣從廊開府獨立，成為汶干府。廊開府只餘下9個縣，共62個區和705條村。
金姓

金姓是一个常见姓氏，汉族、朝鲜族、蒙古族中都有大量的金姓人口，满族、回族、京族等其他民族也有金姓存在。
金姓源流比较复杂：汉族金姓相传最早源于少昊金天氏，後人是周代大夫金公投，漢初時有金王孫。
后世金姓很多是由改姓、赐姓及其他民族汉化而来；朝鲜族金姓相传源于新罗国王金阏智及金官伽倻君主金首露；满族金姓为满族最早使用的汉式姓氏之一，满族中满族姓氏爱新觉罗、金佳氏、精吉氏等及蒙古姓氏阿穆尼布塔斯氏多同时使用汉姓金姓，近代上述姓氏中多有改专用金姓的，满族金姓中还包括旗化的汉族和朝鲜族；回族金姓主要源于祖上经名、赐姓及其他民族融入。
金姓在《百家姓》中排第29位，是朝鲜半岛使用人口最多的姓氏，在中國使用人口数在各个姓氏中排第69位。
汉族金姓的起源很多，其中传说少昊金天氏的后裔有以“金”为姓的，初爲己姓或爲嬴姓，傳至周慎靚王時，有「金公投」，漢初有「金王孫」。
汉武帝时，匈奴休屠王之子日磾降汉，后获赐姓为“金”。金日磾与其弟金伦之后皆以金为姓。明朝時，蒙古王子也先土干率妻部歸降而獲賜姓金。清乾隆帝賜臺灣番人七姓，其一為「金」。这些被赐姓者的后人多以金为姓。
此外，古代也屡有其他姓氏改为金姓的，如五代十國時，吳越刘氏因為避讳开国君主錢鏐的名字，改刘姓为金姓的。元朝時，有金覆祥本姓劉，改姓为金。
金姓的郡望是彭城、京兆。
周慎靚王大夫「公投」，因其為少昊金天氏後人，故稱金投，後人改姓金，比如漢時的金王孫（漢武帝母親孝景王皇后的前夫）、金俗（漢武帝同母異父的姐姐）。
漢代金姓，更為人所知的是西漢時的金日磾（音「密滴」）。漢武帝元狩二年（公元前121年）春，武帝派將軍霍去病率騎兵出隴西，擊匈奴，收得匈奴休屠王的“祭天金人”。“金人”即金佛像，是匈奴王族立以祭天的。這年秋天，休屠王的太子日磾隨渾邪王歸漢，因日瞅篤實忠誠，為漢武帝所信愛，武帝以其父作金人祭天，賜姓金氏，稱金日磾。從此，其子孫世代姓金。金日磾家族自武帝始，七世皆為顯貴，與大臣張湯後世並稱“金張”，成為功臣世族的代稱。
除上述外，十六國前秦時，羌族首領有金氏。唐時新羅國王姓金。五代十國之一的吳越的開國之王錢鏐，因「劉」與「鏐」同音，為避其名諱，該國的劉姓人，皆去劉字的卯頭刀旁，改為金氏。
南北朝時，金氏有遷至今甘肅省境者，如北齊大都督金祚，就是安定（今甘肅涇川縣北）人。唐朝貞觀年間所定益州蜀郡（治所在四川成都）三姓之一有金氏，汾州河西郡（今山西臨汾）四姓之一有金氏。宋、明時期，南方的金氏除在今浙江、江蘇一帶發展外，還分布於今江西、安徽、湖北、湖南、福建、廣東等省；北方的河北、河南、遼寧等省也都有金氏的聚居點。從清朝嘉慶年間開始，閩、粵金氏陸續有人遷至臺灣，此後，有的再遷海外，僑居於新加坡等國家。
金姓早期名人已如上述。唐代有金忠儀，新羅人，德宗朝官將軍。宋代有金文剛，休寧（今屬安徽）人，官龍圖閣直學士；金彥，邵陽（今屬湖南）人，奉詔舉孝廉，為天下第一，郡人號“義門金氏”。元代有學者金履祥，書法家金元舉。明代有學者金問，散曲家金鑾。明末清初有著名文學批評家金聖嘆，曾對《水滸》與《西廂》進行批改。清代有書畫家金農，隸書樸厚，楷書自創一格，其畫造意新奇，為“揚州八怪”之一；還有中和殿大學士兼吏部尚書加太傅金之俊，畫家金侃，學者金榜，詩人金和，史學家金門詔。金姓英才輩出，代不乏人。
臺灣的金姓人數在臺灣諸姓中排第九十位，人數雖不多卻遍布臺灣各地。金氏遷臺是始於清代，據有關史料記載，隨時代變遷，金氏由發源地山東逐漸向南遷徙，先後遷居安徽、江蘇、浙江，乃至福建、廣東等地。爾後，又由福建遷居臺灣。目前可知最早遷臺的金氏是清康熙三十三年武秀才的金首聲，其抵臺後使臺灣有了金姓，而他也被後人奉為臺灣金氏的開基始祖。
回族金姓多起源于祖先经名或赐姓，亦有皈依伊斯兰教的其他民族金姓。古代译易卜拉欣为亦不喇金，有改用汉姓为金者。另有皇帝赐姓，相传明代著名诗人金大车的先祖为麦加人，由明太祖赐姓金。
金姓是满族最早使用的汉字姓，元末明初火儿阿万户阿哈出本姓古伦，汉字姓金。另据朝鲜古籍《朝鲜王朝实录》载：铁岭北部女真都夫失里千户火失贴木，以金为姓。
滿族開國曰金，許多皇族（尤其是愛新覺羅一脈）漢化後改姓金。
金姓对应的满族老姓包括：爱新觉罗氏、精吉氏、精格理氏、索尔济氏、钮祜禄氏、车勒库车氏、锡尔馨氏、马佳氏等。
另有古代旗化的朝鲜族金氏、汉族金氏及蒙古族阿穆尼布塔斯氏等。
达斡尔族“阿尔丹氏”有的取含义改为单姓“金姓”。
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菩薩戒

菩薩戒（梵語：bodhisattva-śīla；藏語：byang chub sems dpa'i tshul khrims），大乘佛教菩薩道中菩薩修行者遵守的戒律，為尸羅的一種，又叫大乘戒、佛性戒，其律儀稱為菩薩律儀（梵語：bodhisattva-saṃvara；藏語：byang chub sems dpa'i sdom pa）。
有《梵網菩薩戒經》的梵網菩薩戒、《瑜伽師地論》的瑜伽菩薩戒等數種。 其種種戒條，可攝為三聚淨戒（梵語：trividhāni śīlāni），爲菩薩戒的三種概括。聲聞戒律重視種種威儀事相的防護，而菩薩戒則重在菩提心的守護。
大乘佛教将菩萨戒总结爲三大类，因為戒的精神及戒相乃是為令眾生無漏清淨，所以稱為“淨戒”，即三聚淨戒，或叫三聚戒，分别是：
漢傳佛教的菩薩戒來自二大傳統，第一個傳統來自瑜伽行唯識學派的《菩薩地持經》及其《菩薩戒本》，由曇無讖傳入。後來有三種其他的譯本傳出，包括求那跋摩的《菩薩善戒經》及其《菩薩受戒法》、失譯的《優婆塞五戒威儀經》、玄奘的《瑜伽師地論·菩薩地》及其《菩薩戒本》。不同譯本之輕戒數目不一，以玄奘本的「四重四十三輕戒」最為通行（又因開合不同，玄奘本的輕戒尚有四十二、四十四、四十五之判分），有慧遠、窺基、道倫等疏；第二個傳統來自《梵網經盧舍那佛說菩薩心地戒品》的“十重四十八輕戒”，特別著重於佛性，相傳是由鳩摩羅什譯出，有智顗、法藏、明曠等疏。
天監十八年（519年）五月梁武帝敕寫《出家人受菩薩戒法卷第一》，其〈序〉中詳記菩薩戒法所依據的經典以及編撰旨趣：
按照法藏大師《華嚴經探玄記》所示菩薩戒，列舉十項如下：
法鼓山的聖嚴法師論及菩薩戒時，認為「十善法不僅是貫串世出世間凡聖五乘的基本善法，也是從凡入聖乃至成等正覺的根本軌範，故被以印度大乘佛教為依歸的漢藏諸大論師們，將之當作菩薩戒的共軌。……以十善法配合三聚淨戒為菩薩戒受持準則的觀念和作法；這是回歸佛陀本懷的無上功德……在他種菩薩戒無法一一遵守的情況下，能以十善戒作為菩薩戒而來涵蓋一切戒，應該是最合佛旨的。」。
漢傳佛教菩薩戒之起源：
西藏佛教的菩薩戒有兩個傳統，第一個傳統，主要依用《虛空藏菩薩經》，出自寂天《入菩薩行論》與《大乘集菩薩學論》，十八重八十輕戒，謂為龍樹深見傳承，儀軌由勝敵（梵語：Jetāri）等人據寂天著作編成。第二個傳統，依用《菩薩地·戒品》，即瑜伽師地論的藏譯本，其註釋有月官（英语：Chandragomin）《菩薩律儀二十頌》等，分為「願菩提心戒」：四不可毀犯共戒及八不可輕棄戒，以及「行菩提心戒」：四重四十六輕戒，謂為無著廣行傳承，儀軌由阿底峽等人據月官著作編成。
最早將菩薩戒傳入西藏的是寂護，其內容及形式未見記載。不過藏史《拔協》記錄了當時有「二十根本教誡」的傳譯，或許類似於寂天的《大乘集菩薩學論》。《大乘集菩薩學論》將《虛空藏菩薩經》十八重戒攝為十四，《大方廣善巧方便經》二重戒攝為一，再加上《菩薩地·戒品》的後三重戒（第一重戒已在虛空藏菩薩經中），總成十八數。而二十根本教誡可能就是虛空藏的十八重戒與善巧方便的二重戒。
Ksitigarbha bodhisattva

Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (Jizō Bosatsu, 地蔵菩薩), is a Japanese wood and bronze statue of about 1175 in the late Heian period, which is now in the permanent Asian collection at the Indianapolis Museum of Art. The statue depicts Jizō (Ksitigarbha in Sanskrit), who in Japanese Buddhism is the bodhisattva of the earth, and is considered a protector of children and travelers. He is also a rescuer of beings in hell and is considered a guardian of souls for children who have died before their parents.
Jizō is garbed in traditional monk's attire, lacking ornate jewelry and adornments typically seen on images of Bodhisattvas. He is shown in a standing position, with his right foot slightly forward, a common pose for this bodhisattva used to indicate his physical presence walking through the present world. In his right hand Jizō carries a six ringed alarum staff, or khakkhara, used to warn insects of his presence, and in his left hand he carries a cintamani jewel, believed to light up the dark as well as grant wishes. Below Jizō is situated an open lotus flower, a traditional Buddhist symbol of purity amidst the imperfections of the physical world.
The style of this statue is reflective of the transitioning attitudes and ideals observed in the early Kamakura period. During this time Japan faced a shift from the nobility that governed the late Fujiwara period to the "landowning military men" that seized power at the start of the Kamakura period. Dramatic shifts in politics, society, and culture resulted in a transformation of artistic design, with focus placed heavily on realism and honesty. Additionally, the Kamakura era marked a turning point in religious activity, with Buddhism becoming more heavily practiced among the masses Stylistically, Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (Jizō Bosatsu) reflects this shift towards Buddhism in its depiction of the Bodhisattva, as well as the realism of early Kamakura art in the "highly stylized geometric" shaping of the statue's head and torso.
A detailed history of this statue is unknown. The work has however been dated to approximately 1175; it was acquired through the Evans Woollen Jr. Memorial Fund in 1959.
Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra

The Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra (Sanskrit, Sutra of the Fundamental Vows of the Bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha; Chinese: 地藏菩薩本願經) or Kṣitigarbhasūtra is a Mahāyāna sūtra teaching about the bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha and is one of the more popular sūtras in Chinese Buddhism. The sutra tells of how Kṣitigarbha became a bodhisattva by making great vows to rescue other sentient beings and a description of how he displayed filial piety in his past lifetimes. The sutra also expounds at length the retributions of unwholesome karma, descriptions of Buddhist hells and the benefits of good merit both great and small.
The Kṣitigarbhasūtra was first translated from Sanskrit into Chinese in the 7th century during the Tang dynasty by the Tripiṭaka master Śikṣānanda, a monk from Khotan who also provided a new translation of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra and the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra. (Buswell & Lopez 2013, p. 448)
Some scholars suspected that instead of being translated, this text may have originated in China since no Sanskrit manuscripts of this text have been found.(Buswell 1990, p. 178) Part of the reason for suspicion is that the text advocates filial piety, which is commonly associated with Confucianism in Chinese culture. Since then, other scholars such as Gregory Schopen have countered that Indian Buddhism also had traditions of filial piety. (Schopen 1984) One example is the Buddha's sharing of the dharma in the form of Abhidhamma with his late mother who was reborn as a celestial being in the abode of Tavatimsa, which was the greatest gift that he could offer out of filial piety to his late mother.
Currently, there is no clear evidence indicating either an Indian or Chinese origin for the text.
There are a total of thirteen chapters in the Kṣitigarbhasūtra, which are divided into three sections. The teaching is presented in the form of a dialogue between the Buddha and Kṣitigarbha and takes place in the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven, located on the top of Mount Meru, in front of a vast multitude of sentient beings. It includes tales of Kṣitigarbha's skill at freeing beings from the hells and instructions on dealing with the dying and the dead. (Buswell & Lopez 2013, pp. 448–9)
This sutra has multiple aspects for buddhists who are in various condition. For example,
In the last Chapter 13, Buddha also spoke about 28 kinds of benefits for "any good man or good woman who should see Ksitigarbha's image and hear this Sutra and, furthermore, read and recite it, and who should also donate incense, flowers, drink, food, clothing and precious treasures as offerings, in addition to giving praise and making obeisance to Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha"
Those 28 benefits of reciting Kṣitigarbhasūtra are as follows:
Ākāśagarbha

Ākāśagarbha (Chinese: 虛空藏菩薩; pinyin: Xūkōngzàng Púsà; Japanese pronunciation: Kokūzō Bosatsu; Korean: 허공장보살; romaja: Heogongjang Bosal; Vietnamese: Hư Không Tạng Bồ Tát, Standard Tibetan: Namkha'i Nyingpo) is a bodhisattva in Chinese, Japanese and Korean Buddhism who is associated with the great element (mahābhūta) of space (ākāśa).
Ākāśagarbha is regarded as one of the eight great bodhisattvas. His name can be translated as "boundless space treasury" or "void store" as his wisdom is said to be boundless as space itself. He is sometimes known as the twin brother of the "earth store" bodhisattva Kṣitigarbha, and is even briefly mentioned in the Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra.
Associated with the qualities of Gautama Buddha, he is able to purify transgressions.
Kūkai, the founder of Shingon Buddhism, met a famous monk who is said to have repeatedly chanted a mantra of Ākāśagarbha as a young Buddhist acolyte. Kūkai took a tutorial with him on Kokuzou-Gumonji (a secret doctrine method, 虚空蔵求聞持法). As he chanted the mantra, he experienced a vision whereby Ākāśagarbha told him to go to Tang China to seek understanding of the Mahāvairocana Abhisaṃbodhi Sūtra. Later he would go to China to learn Tangmi from Huiguo, and then go on to found the Shingon sect of esoteric Buddhism in Heian Japan.
There are several Mahāyāna sūtras in which Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva is a central figure:
Additionally, he appears briefly in the final chapter of the Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva Pūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra, requesting the Buddha preach on the benefits of praising both the Sūtra and Kṣitigarbha.
The Five Great Ākāśagarbhas are manifestation of the Five Wisdom Buddhas. They are said to bring about an increase of benefits such as good health. Within the traditional mandala, they are arranged as follows:
The mantra of Ākāśagarbha is believed to give rise to wisdom and creativity, and dispel ignorance.
The "morning star mantra" is a common mantra practiced in Shingon Buddhism. It is most often used as part of the Gumonjihō rite that is said to improve one's memory of the teachings and is derived from a sutra called Kokūzō Bosatsu nō man shogan saishō shin darani gumonji hō 虛空藏菩薩能滿諸願最勝心陀羅尼求聞持法 (Taishō Canon #1145). This mantra is:
Dominique Uwase Alonga

Dominique Alonga ni umukobwa ukiri muto, rwiyemezamirimo, umwanditsi na blogger . Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Imagine We Rwanda, ububiko bwibitabo, inzu y’ibitabo n’isomero ryashinzwe mu 2014.
Alonga yize impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itangazamakuru kandi azobereye mu mibanire rusange no gucunga ibirori muri Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College mu Buhinde .
Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo ya Alonga, Dominque yasubiye i Kigali mu Rwanda maze atangira gukora mu ishami ry’itumanaho rya Never Again Rwanda. Muri 2014, yinjiye mu marushanwa ya ba rwiyemezamirimo bashinzwe imibereho myiza bakora mu kuzamura imibereho y’abana icyo gihe muri Kanama 2015, ahabwa igihembo cy’amafaranga n’umushinga udaharanira inyungu Reach for Change cyamuteye kureka akazi yakoraga maze atangira ku mugaragaro kwikorera. umuryango we utegamiye kuri Leta, Imagine We Rwanda. Bitewe no kutagira ibitabo byinjira mu ruhame hanze y’isomero rusange rya Kigali, yatangije umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta agamije kongerera ubushobozi umuco wo gusoma no guhanga mu Rwanda . Alonga yemeza ko kimwe mu bikenewe cyane u Rwanda na Afurika bifite ari ugukunda ubuvanganzo kandi akoresha igihe cye n'umutungo kugira ngo atange umusanzu muto muri ibyo bikenewe. Alonga yatangiriye ku gitabo cy’abana cyitwa ABC's of Rwanda, igitabo cyanditseho inkuru ngufi nka The Burden of the Saved a nd The Shape of Hypocrisyand Tracing the Cracks, kimaze kumenyekana kuko gishingiye ku ihungabana ry’ibisekuruza ndetse na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Yanditse inkuru nyinshi zibabaza kandi zisusurutsa umutima zakoze kubarwanda benshi nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994 . Alonga ahugura urubyiruko kubijyanye no guteza imbere imishinga no kwitwara neza binyuze mumushinga wamateka, kandi yibanda ku mpano zibitabo, guhugura abashobora kwandika, no gusohora ibitabo. Alonga atezimbere gusoma no umuco wo kwandika mubanyarwanda ndetse no mumashuri ubaha ibikoresho bifatika bashobora guhuza no kwihesha agaciro kubasomyi ba Afrika.
Dominique Alonga yahawe ibihembo byinshi nkurubyiruko rwihangira imirimo harimo Tigo na Reach for Change Digital Changemakers Award 2015, One Hundred Most Influential Young Africans, UKAID’s iAccelerator, Celebrating Young Rwandan Achievers(CYRWA) Award and Youth connect champion 2015,World Bank Blog for Development Award 2016, and Mandela washington fellow 2016 in the U.S
Dominique Alonga yavutse kuri nyina wo mu Rwanda Antoinette Nyirahuku na Christopher Alonga, se uva muri congo. Alonga yavukiye muri DRC ariko mu 1997 umuryango we wahunze Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) ujya mu Rwanda bashaka umutekano. azwiho gukunda kwandika no gutangaza. Amarana umwanya munini nabana kugirango basome hamwe nibiganiro mbwirwaruhame.
Bangladesh–Rwanda relations

Bangladesh–Rwanda relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Rwanda. Both the countries are members of Non-Aligned Movement, Group of 77 and Commonwealth of Nations. Neither country has a resident ambassador.
In 1994, Bangladesh provided roughly 900 UN peacekeepers, including soldiers and medical personnel, to Rwanda to aid in keeping the peace during the Rwandan genocide, one of more than 40 countries to do so.
In 2012, there was a delegation sent from Bangladesh to Rwanda. At that time, Rwanda sought investment from Bangladeshi businessmen.
Rwanda is situated at a strategic location in Central Africa which would ensure easier access for Bangladeshi businesses to Central Africa.
Bangladeshi ready-made garments, ceramics and pharmaceutical products have been identified as having huge demand in Rwanda.
Bangladesh's experiences in the areas of mechanized agriculture, food processing, textile, garments, ceramics and shipbuilding industries have also been sought to replicate them in Rwanda.
In 2015, Rwanda expressed hopes to strengthen ties to Bangladesh, including exchanging "trade and investment, textile and jute industry development and exchange of experience, training, and capacity development in international peacekeeping." In response, Bangladesh promised to arrange a visit to Rwanda in the first quarter of 2015 as part of an ongoing effort to strengthen ties between the two nations.
Богд

Богд гэдэг үг бол Будда гэсэн утга бүхий Монголчуудын дунд ариун дээд шүтээн болсон хүн, эсвэл өндөр дээд шүтлэгт уул хайрханыг нэрлэхэд хэрэглэдэг үг. Уг үгийг гарвалыг эрдэмтэд Монгол хэлэнд Уйгур хэлээр дамжин орсон үг гэж үздэг бөгөөд уг нь Санскрит хэлний Бурхан гэсэн утгатай Буддха гэдэг үг Уйгур хэлнээ орохдоо тухайн хэлний онцлог байдлаас болж Бугдха болон хувирсан гэж үздэг байна. Уйгур хэлэнд Буддха хэмээхийг эхний <да> гийгүүлэгч <га> болж, хэлний угийн сул дуудлагатай <дха> гийгүүлэгч Уйгур хэдний шүдний <да> гийгүүлэгч болон дуудагдсанаас Бугда болон хувирсан нь Монгол хэлэнд орохдоо Богда\Богд гэсэн үг болж хувирсан гэж үздэг байна. Тиймээс Богд гэдэг үгийг Бурхан гэж ухан ойлгох болж, улмаар богд хүн, богд сургаал, богд лам, богд уул гэсэн нэрс үүсэн бий болжээ.
Богд гэдэг нь бурхан мэт онцгой тодорсон содон, гэгээрсэн, цэцэн, мэргэн, дээдийн дээд гэсэн утгыг илэрхийлдэг. Чингис хааныг бурхантай адил дээдлэн шүтэх болсоноор Богд Эзэн Чингис Хаан гэх болсон бол Монголын анхын хувилгаан Живзүндамба хутагтын анхдугаар дүр Өндөр Гэгээн Занабазарыгаа бурхан мэт ховор лам хэмээн Богд гэж нэрлэж, 1911 онд Манжаас туурга тусгаар улс болохдоо 8-р Богд Живзүндамбыг хаан ширээнд залж, Олноо өргөгдсөн Богд хаан гэж хэмээн өргөмжлөж, төр улсаа Олноо Өргөгдсөн Богд Хаант Монгол Улс гэж тунхаглан зарлаж байсан билээ.
Түүнчилэн Монголчууд бусдаас онцгой, өндөрлөг, ялгарангуй уулыг Богд гэж нэрлэсэн байх бөгөөд ийм нэртэй уулс нь ихэвчлэн тал хээрийн бүст тохиолдоно. Тийм нэртэй уулс нь Хайрхан нэртэй уулстай адил хад бартаа ихтэй биш, харин хавь ойрдоо содон ноёлог уул байдаг байна. Говийн сүрлэг содон уулс ийм нэртэй байх нь элбэг. Иймээс Богд нэртэй уулс нь бурхан мэт онцгой тодорсон содон уулын нэр болдог байна. Их Богд, Бага Богд, Арц Богд, Аж Богд, Ноён Богд, Хан Богд, Сэгс Цагаан Богд, Шилийн Богд тэргүүтэн Богд нэртэй уулс тооцвол арвин байдаг. Жишээ нь Богд хан уул л гэхэд Монголын ой модот Хангай, Хэнтийн уулсын хамгийн урд хязгаар, тал хээр нутгийн умард хил болон оршдог билээ.
Арьяасүрэн, Богд Уулын нэрийн учир, Монгол ёс заншлын их тайлбар толь, 1-р боть, 2001 он, Улаанбаатар, (хуудас 507-509)
Арц Богд уул

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Өвөрхангай аймгийн Богд сумын нутагт орших Арц Богд уул нь Бага Богд уулын зүүн хоолойгоор зааглагдаж, баруун үзүүр нь Бага Богд уултай 20 гаруй километр газраар зөрсөн байдаг. Уулсын ар тал нь эгц, нилээд хадархаг говийн шинжтэй. Ноён оргил нь далайн төвшнөөс дээш 2477 метр өндөр Их баян уул. Уулын өвөр тал нь нилээд налуу, олон салбар уулстай. Тухайлбал, Дулаан Богд уул 2094 метр, Зост уул 1580 метр, салбар уулсын зүүн хэсэг нь Халзан хайрхан уулаар төгсдөг. Ийнхүү Арц Богд уул нь салбар уулсын хамт 180 километр үргэлжилдэг. Зүүн өвөрт нь Их булаг, Бага булаг, Бумба, Сөөг, Туруухай, Цагаан хад, Баруун Зүүн хөөвөр гэх мэт задгай устай. Харин баруун өвөртөө Авдрантай, Зүүн баруун Ялаатай, Гэгээт, Ямаан ус, Харангад, Хөөвөр, Мансруй зэрэг задгай устай. Ийм их гол горхи булаг шандтай учраас Арц богд ууланд жилийн дөрвөн улиралд манан татаж, хур буун эдгээр усан сангуудаа эргээд усаар тэтгэж байдаг.
touristinfocenter.mn
Байтаг Богд уул

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Байтаг Богд нь Монгол улсын Ховд аймгийн Булган сумын нутагт оршдог уул. Оргил нь 3400 метр өндөр. Бүдүүн Яргайт, Нарийн, Хужирт зэрэг гол эх авч урсдаг. Шинэсэн зураа төгөлтэй. Монгол орны баруун урд хил дээр орших энэ ууланд 1947 оноос 1948 онд хил зөрчигчидтэй хийсэн томоохон тулаан болсныг түүх бичлэгт Байтаг Богдын тулалдаан хэмээн тэмдэглэдэг бөгөөд уг тулалдаан болсон газар дурсгалын хөшөө босгожээ.
Цэцэрлэг Мандал уулын аймаг

Цэцэрлэг Мандал уулын аймаг нь 1923 онд Богд хаант Монгол Улсын ардын засгийн газрын тогтоолоор Сайн ноён хан аймгийн нэрийг өөрчлөн байгуулсан аймаг юм.
1921 онд Ардын хувьсгал ялсны дараа нутгийн захиргааг ардчилахдаа 1923 оны 3 сард нутгийн захиргааны дүрмийг батласны дараа "4 аймаг, 116 хошууг урьдын адил засаг ноёдын нэрээр нэрлэхийг зогсоож, ард олны сайн мэдэх томоохон уул буюу газар усны нэрээр нэрлэх болж" "Сайн ноён хан аймаг" гэж байсныг "Цэцэрлэг Мандал уулын аймаг" болгон өөрчлөн, харьяаны 24 хошуу, Зая гэгээний шавийн нутгийг уул усны нэрээр нэрлэж, үлдсэн 7 хутагтын шавийн нэрийг хэвээр үлдээсэн. Тус аймгийг 1928 оны МАХН-ын 7-р их хурлын шийдвэр, 1930 оны 11 сарын засгийн газрын тогтоолоор 1931 онд Архангай, Өвөрхангай, Хөвсгөл, Баянхонгор болгон задласан. Ингэхдээ Хан тайшир уулын аймгаас зарим газрыг таслан Хөвсгөл, Баянхонгор аймгийг байгуулжээ.
Богд хан уулын аймаг

Богд хан уулын аймаг нь Хэмжээт цаазат Богд хаант Монгол Улсын Ардын засгийн газрийн шийдвэрээр 1923-1931 онд Түшээт хан аймгийн нэрийг өөрчлөн байгуулагдсан аймаг юм.
1921 онд Ардын хувьсгал ялсны дараа Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам, Монгол Улсын төрийн эрхийг барьж эхлэснээр нутгийн захиргааг ардчилахдаа 1923 оны 3 сард Монгол улсын нутгийн захиргааны дүрмийг батласны дараа "4 аймаг, 116 хошууг урьдын адил засаг ноёдын нэрээр нэрлэхийг зогсоож, ард олны сайн мэдэх томоохон уул буюу газар усны нэрээр нэрлэх болжээ." Ингэснээр "Түшээт хан аймаг" гэх нэрийг "Богд хан уулын аймаг" гэж өөрчлөн, харьяа 20 гаруй хошууг уул усны нэрээр нэрлэсэн.
МАХН-ын 7-р их хурлын (1928 он) тогтоол болон 1930 оны 11 дүгээр сарын Засгийн газрын хуралдаанаар хуучин аймаг, хошууны захиргааг устгаж, шинээр байгуулагдах 13 аймгийн дарга нарыг томилсон. 1931 оны засаг захиргааны шинэчлэлтээр тус аймгийг Төв, Газар тариалан (1932 оноос Сэлэнгэ болсон), Өмнөговь, Дорноговь гэсэн 4 аймаг, 103 суманд хуваажээ. Төрийн болон орон нутгийн эрхийг сонгуулийн зарчимд суурилсан байдлаар явагдах болсон.
Богд сум (Баянхонгор)

Богд (ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ) гэж Баянхонгор аймгийн сум бий. Улсын нийслэл Улаанбаатараас 700 км, аймгийн төв Баянхонгороос 130 км зайтай.
Сумын анхны даргаар А.Рэндоо /1924-1926/, анхны нарийн бичгийн даргаар Ц.Тогоо /1924-1926/, анхны орлогч даргаар Д.Цагаанмаам /1944-191945/ зэрэг хүмүүс ажиллаж байжээ. Одоо сумын Засаг дарга Л.Ганзориг, ИТХ – ын даргаар Л.Ганаа нар ажиллаж байна. БНМАУ-ын АИХ-ын делутатаар Я.Сономцэрэн, Р.Пилжид, Л.Дашцэрэн, Цэвээн-дорж, Р.Доржбат, Улсын их хурлын гишүүнээр доктор Д.Дашцэдэн, Ц.Шийрэвдамба, Ц.Жаргал нар сонгогджээ.
Сургууль нь 1940-1941 онд Цутгалангийн адагийн гурван бургасны баруун доод тохойд 8 гэртэй хоёр ангитай 69 сурагчтайгаар байгуулагдаж байсан. Анхны төгсөлт 1943-1944 оны хичээлийн жилд 4 дүгээр ангийн 50 сурагч төгссөн. Өдгөө Их Богдын бүсийн дунд сургууль болж өргөжсөн. Өсвөр үеийг сурган хүмүүжүүлэх үйлсэд хичээн зүтгэж явсан ахмад багш Мэндээхүү, Дашдаваа, Норов, Данзан болон ардын боловсролын тэргүүний ажилтан Л.Лувсанцэрэн, Л.Баатар, И.Чагнаадорж нарын сум орныхоо хөгжилд оруулсан хувь нэмэр их.
Богд сум алдарт, гавьяат цолтон бахархал болсон хүмүүс олонтой. Ардын Хатанбаатар Магсаржавын цэрэг А.Дашдаваа, Б.Рэндоо, Улсын баатар Н.Жамбаа, Байлдааны гавъяат улаан тугийн одонт Б.Сангидулам, Хувьсгалт тэмцлийн ахмад зүтгэлтэн Л.Зундуй, ахмад дайчин Д.Цагаанмаам, Ц.Цэрэндулам нарын баатарлаг эх орончид бол мөнхөд хүндлэгдэх гавьяатнууд билээ.
Сумынхаа нэрийг өндөрт өргөж явсан өдгөө түмэнд дуурсагдаж яваа алдартнуудаас Монгол улсын арслан П.Аюуш, улсын идэр начин Ч.Баасанхүү, урлагийн гавьяат зүтгэлтэн С.Лувсанвандан, Ч.Сангидорж, гавьяат тээвэрчин Ц.Лувсанвандан, Г.Дашхүү, Р.Доржбат нарын боловсрол соёлын ажилтнууд, эрдэмтэн, доктор Ж.Бям-баа, Ж.Амгалан, Д.Түмэн, Л.Жамц, Ц.Шийрэвдамба, В.Баасан, Х.Оюун, Д.Цагаанмаам, Ц.Цэрэнбалжир, Ж.Чулуунхүү, дэлхийн оюутан залуучуудын их наадмын алтан медальт Ч.Доржсэмбээ, нэрт малчдаас Д.Сангивандан, Д.Чимэд, О.Бүсгүй, И.Гомбо, Б.Цэдэв, С.Тогоо, Бо.Санги, Ж.Адъяа, Ж.Дэндэв, Улсын сайн малчин Л.Дашцэрэн, Д.Лигмэндаваа, Я.Жүгдэрсанги, Л.Дооцэрэн нарын олон малчин улс, аймгийн аварга малчин цол хүртжээ. Тус сум 1979 онд хагас түмэн тэмээтэй болж “Мөнгөн буйл”-аар шагнагдсан. Улс, аймгийн аварга, удам залгасан тэмээчид олон. Цэргийн зүтгэлтэн : Бригадын генерал Д.Намсрай.