davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Srinivas (singer)

Srinivasan Doraiswamy, known by his stage name Srinivas or Jeans Srinivas, is an Indian playback singer in the Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, and Hindi music industries. Credited to 3000 songs, he is also a music composer, working on projects including films, jingles, albums, television serials, and devotional albums. He received the Kalaimamani award by the Tamil Nadu state government in 2005 and the Tamil Nadu State Film Award twice for the songs "Minsara Poove" (Padayappa) in 1999 and "Maargazhiyil" (Onbadhu Roobai Nottu) in 2008. He has also received the Best Male Singer Kerala State Film Award for the song "Bhasuri" (Rathri Mazha) in 2007, the Film Critics Award for Best Composer for the movie "Seetha Kalyanam" in 2009, and Best Playback Singer for "Kaisi Hai Yeh Ruth" (Dil Chahta Hai).
Singer Srinivas was born on 7 November in Ambasamudram in Tamil Nadu to Duraiswamy and Lakshmi.
Srinivas began his musical journey in 1992 after being inspired by the soundtrack of Mani Ratnam's Tamil film "Roja," which featured fresh voices and sounds by debut composer A.R. Rahman. Encouraged by Rahman, Srinivas relocated to Chennai in 1993 to pursue music seriously. His first film song was for the Telugu movie "One By Two" in Vidyasagar's music. He gained recognition with his rendition of Mehdi Haasan's ghazals, leading Rahman to offer him work in Chennai.
Srinivas collaborated extensively with Rahman, singing tracks for several films. His notable works include "Mellisaiye" from "Mr. Romeo" (1996) and "En Uyire" from "Uyire" (1998). He achieved widespread acclaim with hits like "Minsaara Poove" from "Padayappa" (1999), earning him his first Tamil Nadu Government State award for Best Male Singer. Srinivas continued his successful collaboration with Rahman, contributing to songs like "Endendrum Punnagai" and "Snehidhane" from "Alaipayuthey" (2000) and "Muzhumadhi" from "Jodha Akbar" (2008).
Apart from Tamil, Srinivas also worked on Telugu albums with Rahman, earning the moniker "Jeans Srinivas" after the popularity of his song "Priya Priya" in the Telugu version of the movie "Jeans." His association with Rahman extended to Malayalam, with recent contributions to films like "Galatta Kalyanam" (2021) and the Malayalam version of "Ponniyin Selvan - II." Throughout his career, Srinivas has been known for his versatile voice and close collaboration with A.R. Rahman.
Be it Vijay Television Super singer or Zee Tamil Sa Re Ga Ma Pa, with his outspoken comments and the continuous support and encouragement for the contestants throughout the season makes him one of the most favourite judges in the reality shows of Tamil Nadu.
21-ва танкова дивизия (Вермахт)

21-ва танкова дивизия (на немски: 21. Panzer Division) е една от танковите дивизии на Вермахта по време на Втората световна война.
21-ва танкова дивизия е сформирана през февруари 1941 г. от 5-а лека дивизия и 5-и танков полк и други формации от 3-та танкова дивизия. Тя е втората формация част от Немския африкански корпус и участва в цялата кампания в Северна Африка. В средата на 1942 г. понася тежки загуби по време на боя при Алам Халфа, втората битка при Ел Аламейн, а след това прикрива отстъплението на силите на Оста. През май 1943 г. дивизията е унищожена в Тунис. През юли е възстановена отново в Нормандия като са запазени същите номера на формациите. До юни 1944 г. се обучава и извършва окупационни дейности във Франция. След съюзническия десант в Нормандия участва в боевете там. След това се изтегля в Германия за възстановяване и между септември и декември участва в боевете района на река Сар и Елзас. През януари 1945 г. е прехвърлена на Източния фронт, където е унищожена от Червената армия в последните седмици на войната.
Kupala

Kupala or Kupalo is an alleged Slavic deity who was first mentioned in the 17th century and compared to the Greek goddess Ceres. However, modern scholars of Slavic mythology deny the existence of such a deity.
The first source that mentions the deity Kupalo is the Hustyn Chronicle dating back to the 17th century:
In the 17th century, Kupala is also recognized as a deity by the Kievan Synopsis and the Life of St. Vladimir.
Modern researchers usually deny the existence of a Slavic deity named Kupala. According to Vladimir Toporov, mythological figures known from later sources, such as Yarilo, Kupala, Pogvizd, Lada, Polel and others, cannot be considered gods. Folklorist and ethnographer Andrey Toporkov [ru] stated that Kupalo was only a folk holiday, and that recognizing him as a deity is questionable. According to Stanislaw Urbańczyk, Kupala is "literary fiction, persistently upheld by mythologists as truth." There is no information about the deity in earlier sources mentioning the Kupala Night celebrations.
Some researchers, such as Martin Pitro and Petr Vokáč, and Linda Ivantis, believe that Kupalo was not a deity, but a ritual figure or effigy used during Kupala Night. Source material confirms the existence of effigies with such a name, e.g. Ukrainian dial. kupalo "ritual effigy, used in Saint John's Eve celebrations," or Belarusian dial. kupala "person leading the way in Saint John's Eve games."
Ivan Kupala (band)

Ivan Kupala (Russian: Иван Купала) is a Russian music band from Saint Petersburg comprising Denis Fyodorov, Alexei Rumyantsev and Alexei Ivanov. The group mixes traditional Russian folk songs with electronic sounds, producing a unique blend of world music. The band is named for the traditional Slavic holiday.
Their debut album Kostroma (named after East Slavic fertility goddess) was highly praised by critics. In 1999 and 2000, "Ivan Kupala" won "Ovation" awards as "Folk group of the Year". The title track "Zdorovo, Kostroma" was used in 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.
The band has made a cultural impact reinventing an authentic Russian folklore. Some Russian critics noted that the success of "Buranovskiye Babushki" on Eurovision-2012 was anticipated by "Ivan Kupala".
The group was disbanded in 2017.
Transgression (2017 film)

Transgression (Bulgarian: Трансгресия) is a 2017 Bulgarian coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Val Todorov, and based on his 2016 novel Daddy Dear. It stars Maria Bakalova, Rosen Penchev and Joanna-Izabella Varbanova, and follows an 18-year old (Bakalova) who has a relationship with an older has-been rock musician (Penchev).
18-year-old Yana gives an interview on a talk show. Baited and provoked by the irritating and arrogant host, she talks about her life and confesses that she is in an intimate relationship with Stoil, a rock musician who is twice her age. The studio audience, filled with indignation, starts commenting on Yana's revelation, and shows their lack of approval. This leads to a chase by a vigilante group of hunters and other complications.
The film is divided into three parts: Him and Her, The Others, and The Hunt. Its nonlinear narrative follows Yana's memories: wild parties, a motorcycle rally, July Morning, a threesome with her best girlfriend, beach-side bonfires, a crypto-gay machista's birthday, a cheap tattoo shop, a posh spa hotel, wine tasting, pot smoking and transgressive sex.
The film premiered in Europe in 2017, and had its worldwide release on HBO in 2021.
The film received several accolades including the Arthouse Feature Film Award at the Depth of Field International Film Festival and Best Actress at the Toronto Alternative Film Festival for Bakalova's role. Bakalova also received a nomination for Best Actress at the Queen Palm Film Festival.
Saint Jonas's Festival

Saint Jonas' Festival, also known as Rasos (Dew Holiday), Joninės, Kupolė, Midsummer Day or Saint John's Day) is a midsummer folk festival celebrated on 24 June all around Lithuania.
While midsummer day is celebrated throughout Europe, many Lithuanians have a particularly lively agenda on this day. The traditions include singing songs and dancing until the sun sets, telling tales, searching to find the magic fern blossom at midnight, jumping over bonfires, greeting the rising midsummer sun and washing the face with a morning dew, young girls float flower wreaths on the water of rivers or lakes.
For thousands of years, Balts, the ancestors of the Lithuanians, have celebrated the summer solstice (Rasa to the Lithuanians) by offering sacrifices to the pagan gods, and priestesses light the altar fire. This tradition still continues to this day. The ritual is usually performed by members of Romuva.
When Christianity came to Lithuania, it brought with it the celebration of Saint John's Day and while Christians celebrate Joninės (St. John's) in the local language, Christians, Romuviai, and those with other beliefs all celebrate Rasos together. Lithuanians with the names Jonas, Jonė, Janina receive many greetings from their family, relatives and friends.
Drawing down the Moon (ritual)

Drawing down the Moon (also known as drawing down the Goddess) is a central ritual in many contemporary Wiccan traditions. During the ritual, a coven's High Priestess enters a trance and requests that the Goddess or Triple Goddess, symbolized by the Moon, enter her body and speak through her. The High Priestess may be aided by the High Priest, who invokes the spirit of the Goddess. During her trance, the Goddess is supposed to speak through the High Priestess.
The name most likely comes from a depiction of two women and the moon on an ancient Greek vase, believed to date from the second century BCE.
It could also come from line 145 of Claudian’s First Book Against Rufinus. Megaera, one of the Erinyes, in the guise of an old man, speaks to Rufinus:
In classical times, the Greek astronomer Aglaonice of Thessaly and ancient Thessalian witches were believed to control the moon, according to the tract: "If I command the moon, it will come down; and if I wish to withhold the day, night will linger over my head; and again, if I wish to embark on the sea, I need no ship, and if I wish to fly through the air, I am free from my weight."
The drawing down of the moon derives from the Vangelo. In this a poem defining the drawing down of the moon is written and this has been used as the basis for the drawing down of the moon by various Wiccan groups. The practice forms part of both Gardnerian and Cochranian rites. The practice is also reference in Reginald Scot's "The Discoverie of Witchcraft".
Though a number of Wiccan traditions may practice a variation of the ritual, the modern form likely originated in Gardnerian Wicca, and is considered a central element of Gardnerian and Alexandrian Wiccan ceremonies. During the modern rite, the High Priestess may recite the Charge of the Goddess, a text based in a mixture of writings by Gerald Gardner and Aleister Crowley, though now often used in its recension by Doreen Valiente, High Priestess in the Gardnerian tradition.
Mel D. Faber explains the ritual in psychoanalytical terms of attempting to re-unite with the protective-mother archetype.
In modern traditions, some solitary Wiccans also perform the ritual, usually within a circle and performed under the light of a full Moon. The solitary will stand in the Goddess Pose (both arms held high, palms up, body and arms forming a 'Y') and recite a charge, or chant.
"Drawing Down the Moon" is also the title of a book by National Public Radio reporter, Margot Adler— Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today—originally published in 1979. Adler writes:
Secolul al XIX-lea î.Hr.

(Secolul al XIX-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XVIII î.Hr. - Secolul al XVII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XVI-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XV-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XIV-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XIII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XI-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al X-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al IX-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al VIII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al VII-lea î.Hr. - alte secole)
Secolul al XVIII-lea î.Hr.

Secolul al XIX-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XVII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XVI-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XV-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XIV-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XIII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XI-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al X-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al IX-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al VIII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al VII-lea î.Hr. - alte secole
Secolul al XXIII-lea î.Hr.

(Secolul al XXIV-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XXIII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XXII-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XXI-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XX-lea î.Hr. - Secolul al XIX-lea î.Hr. - alte secole)
Secolul al XXIII-lea î.Hr. a debutat în anul 2300 î.Hr. și s-a încheiat în anul 2201 î.Hr. .
Portret fantezist

Un portret fantezist este un portret al unui personaj real sau literar care are forma unui portret convențional, dar este definit de faptul că descrierea personajului derivă mai degrabă din imaginația artistului decât din orice înregistrare autentică a aspectului persoanei. În traducerea Dictionnaire philosophique a lui J. Hunt și H. Hunt, Voltaire descrie portretul fantezist ca fiind „un portret care nu a fost realizat după nici un model”.
Deși portretele create din imaginația personajelor istorice au existat încă din antichitate, termenul a intrat în uz în secolul al XIX-lea, când „portretele” personajelor literare au devenit populare și au fost reproduse pe scară largă sub formă de gravuri. De asemenea, a fost utilizată în mod obișnuit la personaje umoristice și mai târziu la fotografii în care subiecții adoptă personaje imaginare.
Tudor (name)

Tudor is a surname and given name of Welsh origin. It comes from the Brythonic Tudur, itself a derivation of Toutorīx which was conflated with Tewdwr or Tewdr. It is related to the name Theodore. Tudor (and Tudora in its female form) is also a first name of Romanian origin, also related to Teodor.
The English royal dynasty, the House of Tudor (descended from the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd) including prominent members:
Tudor, as a surname, may also refer to:
As a given name:
Mexican filter

The Mexican filter, or Mexico filter, is a yellow-colored or sepia filter or overly warm color grade that is sometimes employed in films and television productions to visually represent scenes set in hot, arid areas, often countries such as Mexico, as well as other Latin American and South Asian countries. It has been criticized for tending to wash out the faces of people with darker skin, and for stereotyping the countries it depicts.
The use of yellow color filters for Mexico began with the film Traffic in 2000. To allow the audience to easily distinguish between the film's three storylines, Traffic's director and cinematographer Steven Soderbergh used various optical effects to give all three plots a distinctive visual style. The most notable of these was the Mexico storyline, where Soderbergh used tobacco filters to tint the image yellow. Soderbergh also reduced the shutter angle to 45 degrees to produce a sharp, strobing effect and exposed the entire film to Ektachrome film to increase the contrast and grain.
The release of Traffic coincided with technical advancements in film-making and film editing, allowing the easier use of color filters and color grading. Traditionally used to convey a sense of heat and aridity, the use of yellow color filters for Mexico eventually became a trope, with many films replicating Soderbergh's style.
It has been disputed that temperature is a good justification for using the Mexican filter given that hot cities in the United States are rarely depicted with yellow filters. In attempting to replicate the style of Traffic, the color grading is often used alongside increased contrast, which obscures the features of those with dark skin.
The style of color grading has been parodied online through memes, as well as criticized as a degrading stereotype of developing countries. Many online have referred to the trope as "shithole color grading".
Notable examples of Mexican filter use include:
The term Mexican filter has been used online to describe the appearance of New York City during the 2023 Canadian wildfires, as the smog over the city appeared orange-yellow due to Rayleigh scattering.
Dan Dungaciu

Dan Gheorghe Dungaciu (born October 3, 1968) is a Romanian sociologist and geopolitician.
He was born in Târgu Mureș. He graduated from the University of Bucharest in 1995 and received his Ph.D. in 2002. He is a professor at the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work of the University of Bucharest and director of the Institute of Political Sciences and International Relations of the Romanian Academy. He served as Secretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
Dungaciu obtained Moldovan citizenship on July 16, 2010, when he became an advisor for European Integration for president Mihai Ghimpu. He married Moldovan journalist Stela Popa in October 2012.
Dungaciu is a supporter of the Romanian language in the Republic of Moldova. In 2022 he wrote that the Chișinău Government can introduce the Romanian language into the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova without a vote in Parliament.
Dungaciu has been a supporter of Moldovan President Maia Sandu and has acurattely predicted that her party would get a good result in the early elections of 2021. Dungaciu characterised Maia Sandu as a winner and affirmed that Sandu would be capable of calling early elections.
Dan Dungaciu is laureate of the Dimitrie Gusti prize for sociology offered by the Romanian Academy (1995) and the International Prize for Sociology of Istanbul University (2001). In 2009, the interim President of Moldova, Mihai Ghimpu, signed a decree on bestowing the Order of Honour on Dungaciu.
게임 복잡도

게임 복잡도 이론은 게임의 복잡성을 측정하는 몇 가지 방법을 가지고 있다. 이 문서에서는 그 중 주 공간 복잡성, 게임 트리 크기, 의사결정 복잡성, 게임 트리 복잡성, 계산 복잡성이라는 5가지에 분야에 대해 설명한다.
게임의 주 공간 복잡성은 게임을 처음 위치에서 시작했을 때 도달할 수 있는 합법적인 게임 위치의 경우이다. 게임을 계산하기 너무 어려울 때 가끔 일부 속임수도 세어서 상한을 계산할 수 있는데, 이는 게임 과정에서 절대 일어날 수 없는 포지션을 의미한다.
게임 트리 크기는 게임을 시작할 수 있는 총 게임 수이다. 게임 트리의 리프 노드 수는 게임 초기 위치에 뿌리를 두고 있다.
게임 트리는 많은 게임에서 서로 다른 순서로 움직여서 같은 위치가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 일반적으로 주 공간보다 훨씬 크다.(예를 들어, 보드에 두 개의 X와 한 개의 O가 있는 틱택토 게임에서, 이 위치는 첫 번째 X가 어디에 놓였는지에 따라 두 가지 다른 방법으로 도달할 수 있었다). 게임 나무의 크기에 대한 상한선은 트랙터블이 될 때까지 게임 나무의 크기만을 증가시키는 방식으로(예를 들어 불법적인 움직임을 허용함으로써) 게임을 단순화함으로써 계산될 수 있다.
이동 횟수가 제한되지 않는 게임(예: 보드 크기 또는 위치 반복에 대한 규칙)의 경우 게임 트리는 일반적으로 무한하다.
다음 두 가지 척도는 "A 선수 승리", "B 선수 승리" 또는 "끌어짐"으로 표시된 각 포지션과 함께 게임 트리의 하위 트리인 의사결정 트리의 아이디어를 사용한다. 만약 그 포지션이 그래프에서 다른 포지션만을 검토하여 (양쪽에 의한 최상의 플레이를 가정) 그 가치를 가질 수 있다면 말이다. (단자 위치는 직접 라벨을 붙일 수 있다. A선수가 이동할 수 있는 자리는 A선수가 승리할 경우 "A선수가 승리한다"고 표시하거나, 모든 후임자가 B선수가 승리할 경우 "B선수가 승리한다"고 표시하거나, 모든 후임자가 추첨되거나 B선수가 승리할 경우 "추첨"이라고 표시할 수 있다. 그리고 그에 상응하여 B가 있는 위치가 이동한다.)
게임의 결정 복잡성은 초기 위치의 가치를 설정하는 가장 작은 의사결정 나무의 리프 노드 수이다.
게임의 게임 트리 복잡성은 초기 위치의 가치를 설정하는 가장 작은 전체 너비 의사결정 트리의 리프 노드 수이다. 전체 너비 트리는 각 깊이에 있는 모든 노드를 포함한다.
이것은 초기 위치의 값을 결정하기 위해 미니맥스 검색에서 평가해야 할 위치의 수에 대한 추정치다.
게임 트리의 복잡성을 추정하기는 어렵지만, 일부 게임의 경우 게임의 평균 분기 요소 b를 평균 게임에서 플라이 수 d의 힘으로 높여서 근사치를 산출할 수 있다.
G T C ≥ b d {\displaystyle GTC\geq b^{d}}
게임의 계산적 복잡성은 게임이 임의적으로 커져서 큰 O 표기법이나 복잡성 등급의 멤버십으로 표현될 때 나타나는 점증적 난이도를 설명한다. 이 개념은 특정 게임에 적용되는 것이 아니라, 일반적으로 n-by-n 보드에서 게임을 함으로써 임의적으로 크게 만들 수 있도록 일반화된 게임들에 적용된다.(계산 복잡성의 관점에서, 고정된 크기의 보드 위에서 게임은 O(1)에서 해결할 수 있는 유한한 문제로서, 예를 들어, p의 조회표에 의해 해결된다. 각 포지션에서 가장 잘 움직일 수 있도록 한다.)
점증적 복잡성은 게임을 해결하기 위해 가장 효율적인(어떤 계산적 자원에 관해서든)알고리즘에 의해 정의된다. 가장 일반적인 복잡성 측정(컴퓨팅 시간)은 가능한 모든 경우에 솔루션 알고리즘이 작동해야 하기 때문에 점증적 상태-공간 복잡성의 로그에 의해 항상 경계를 낮춘다. 게임의 테이트 그것은 게임 패밀리에 작용하는 어떤 특정한 알고리즘의 복잡성에 의해 상한선이 될 것이다. 유사한 언급이 두 번째로 일반적으로 사용되는 복잡성 측정치, 즉 계산에 사용되는 공간이나 컴퓨터 메모리의 양에도 적용된다. 알고리즘이 게임 상태를 저장할 필요가 없기 때문에 일반적인 게임의 공간 복잡성에 하한선이 있다는 것은 명백하지 않다; 그러나 관심 있는 많은 게임들은 PSPACE-hard로 알려져 있고, 그들의 공간 복잡성은 점증적 상태-공간 복잡성의 로그에 의해 하한선이 될 것이다(기술적으로 더 낮다). 바운드(bound)는 이 수량에서 다항식일 뿐이지만, 일반적으로 선형이라고 알려져 있다.
틱택토(tic-tac-toe)의 경우, 주공간의 크기에 대한 단순한 상한은 3 = 19,683이다. (각 셀마다 3개의 상태와 9개의 셀이 있다.) 이 카운트에는 5개의 크로스를 올리고 무득점 포지션이나 두 선수 모두 3열로 된 포지션 등 많은 불법 포지션이 포함된다. 이런 불법적인 자리를 없애면서 더 세심한 카운트를 하면 5,478개가 나온다. 그리고 회전과 위치의 반사가 동일하다고 여겨질 때, 근본적으로 다른 위치는 765개밖에 없다.
게임 트리를 묶기 위해서는 9개의 초기 동작, 8개의 응답 등이 가능하기 때문에 최대 9개의 게임이나 362,880개의 게임이 있다. 그러나, 게임은 해결하는데 9회 미만이 걸릴 수 있으며, 정확한 집계 결과는 255,168개의 가능한 게임을 제공한다. 로테이션과 포지션 반사가 동일하다고 판단되면 26,830경기만 가능하다.
틱택토(tic-tac-toe)의 계산적 복잡성은 그것이 어떻게 일반화되는지에 따라 달라진다. 자연적인 일반화는 m,n,k게임에 대한 것이다: 승자는 k를 연속해서 얻은 첫 번째 선수인 m by n board에서 경기를 한다. 게임트리 전체를 검색하면 이 게임이 DSPACE(mn)에서 풀릴 수 있다는 것은 바로 알 수 있다. 이것은 그것을 중요한 복잡성 등급인 PSPACE에 둔다. 더 많은 작업을 통해 PSPACE-완전함을 보여줄 수 있다.
이 표는 게임 복잡성이 크기 때문에 로그의 밑을 베이스 10으로 한다. 다음 숫자들은 모두 주의해서 고려해야 한다: 겉보기에는 게임의 규칙을 조금만 바꾸면 (어쨌든 대략적인 추정치인) 숫자가 엄청난 요인에 의해 바뀔 수 있는데, 이것은 표시된 숫자보다 훨씬 더 많을 수 있다.
참고: 게임 트리 크기로 정렬
아크 시스템 웍스

아크 시스템 웍스 주식회사(Arc System Works Co., Ltd., アークシステムワークス株式会社 아쿠시스테무와쿠스카부시키가이샤)는 일본 가나가와현 요코하마시에 본사를 둔 비디오 게임 제작 회사이다. 1998년 키도오카 미노루가 설립해 초기에는 타 기업의 하청 회사로 시작했으나 2000년대부터 《길티 기어》, 《블레이블루》 등 2D 아케이드 격투 게임을 주로 제작한다.
1988년에 주식회사 아크라는 이름으로 설립하였으며, 1991년에 현 회사명으로 변경하였다. 대표 작으로 《길티 기어 시리즈》가 있다. 2016년 7월에는 대한민국 서울에 아시아 지점을 세웠다.
다이다이쇼기

다이다이쇼기(大大将棋)는 쇼기(일본장기)의 일종으로 두 사람이 지휘하는 보드게임이다. 이 게임은 15개국에서 하고있으며, 다이쇼기와 공통점이 많다.
두 명의 플레이어가 각각 흑과 백(또는 王과 玉)을 선택하여 시작을 하고, 시작을 한다면 플레이어는 68가지중 하나를 움직여야한다.
샤타르

샤타르 (shatar, 몽골어: Монгол шатар, ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ Monggol sitar-a)는 몽골의 전통 체스다. 그러나 몽골 이외의 지역에서는 이 변형들이 인기가 없는 것으로 보인다. 샤타르라는 명칭은 "몽골식 샤트라지"에서 따왔다.
기본적으로 체스를 바탕으로 약간의 오리지널 룰이 추가된 구조로 되어 있다.
스기우라 미카코

스기우라 미카코(일본어: 杉浦 実可子, 1960년 12월 21일~)는 일본의 아티스틱스위밍 선수 출신 스포츠 평론가, 체육행정가이다. 1988년 하계 올림픽과 1992년 하계 올림픽에 참가해 1988년 하계 올림픽 싱크로나이즈 솔로와 듀엣 부문에서 각각 동메달을 획득했고 2007년 국제 수영 명예의 전당에 헌액되었다.
결혼 전 이름은 고타니 미카코(일본어: 小谷 実可子)였으며 1988년 하계 올림픽 개회식 때 일본의 기수를 맡으면서 올림픽 기수를 맡은 첫 번째 일본 여성이 되었다. 니혼 대학 문리학부를 졸업했고 스포츠 비즈에서 평론 활동을 하고 있으며 2024년 8월 기준으로 국가 올림픽 위원회 연합 위원, 일본 올림픽 선수 협회 이사, 세계 올림픽 선수 협회 부협회장으로 활동하고 있다.
1960년 일본 도쿄도에서 태어난 미카코는 초등학생 시절부터 아티스틱스위밍을 시작했고 1978년 캐나다 연령별 선수권 대회(영어: Canadian Age Group Championships)에 일본 대표로 출전해 아티스틱스위밍 솔로와 듀엣 부문에서 각각 3등을 차지했다. 1982년 미국 캘리포니아주 월넛크릭에 있는 노스게이트 고등학교(영어: Northgate High School)에서 미국 아티스틱스위밍 국가대표팀 감독이었던 게일 에메리로부터 아티스틱스위밍 유학 교육을 받았다.
1985년 도쿄도에서 열린 1985년 범태평양 수영 선수권 대회 싱크로나이즈드 솔로 종목에서 2등을, 듀엣 종목에서 1등을 차지했고 전일본 수영 선수권 대회에서 4연속 우승을 차지했다. 1988년 하계 올림픽에 출전하는 1988년 하계 올림픽 일본 선수단에서 개막식 기수를 맡으며 올림픽 기수를 맡은 첫 번째 일본 여성이 되었고 1988년 하계 올림픽 싱크로나이즈 솔로 부문에서 동메달을, 다나카 미야코와 함께 듀엣 부문에서 동메달을 획득했다. 그녀는 올림픽 이후 도쿄도 시민 영예상, 빅스포츠상, 내각총리대신배 은상을 받았다.
미카코는 1989년 스위스 오픈에서 우승을 차지했고 니혼 대학 문리학부를 졸업했으며 1990년 로마 싱크로나이즈드스위밍과 마요르카 오픈에서 솔로 우승을 달성했다. 오스트레일리아 퍼스에서 열린 1991년 세계 수영 선수권 대회에서 싱크로나이즈드스위밍 솔로 종목에서 동메달을 획득했고 다카야마 아키와 함께 듀엣 종목에 출전해 은메달을 획득했다. 수영 선수권 대회 이후 그녀는 휴식을 발표했고 1998년 동계 올림픽 유치전과 같은 대외 활동에 주로 참여했다.
미카코는 1992년 하계 올림픽을 앞두고 선수 활동을 재개했고 1992년 하계 올림픽 일본 선수단에 포함되면서 올림픽에 2연속 참가한 첫번째 일본 아티스틱스위밍 선수가 되었다. 그녀는 오쿠노 후미코, 다카야마 아키 등의 수영 선수들과 내부적으로 경쟁했고 듀엣 경기 직전 오쿠노와 다카야마가 출전자로 선택되면서 경기에 출전하지 않고 관중석에서 경기를 지켜봤다. 1992년 하계 올림픽 이후 그녀는 선수 은퇴를 발표했다.
선수 경력을 마감한 후 그녀는 아티스틱스위밍 교사, 스포츠 평론가, 1998년 동계 올림픽을 홍보하는 일본 올림픽 위원회 홍보기자, IOC 선수 위원회, 국가 올림픽 위원회 연합 위원, 일본 올림픽 선수 협회 이사로 활동했다. 그녀는 1997년 11월 25일 유엔 총회에 참석하면서 유엔 총회에 참석한 첫 번째 민간인이 되었고 1998년 동계 올림픽 동안의 올림픽 휴전 안건에 관해 연설했다. 이 안건은 총회에서 만장일치로 채택되었다.
미카코는 2006년 10월 교육재생회의 위원으로 취임했고 2007년 국제 수영 명예의 전당에 헌액되었다. 2008년 1월 괌 자연 대사로 임명되었고 2014년 9월 16일 일본중앙경마회의 비상근감사로 임명되었다. 2013년 2020년 하계 올림픽 유치를 위한 제안서를 발표하는 작업에 참여했고 2015년 릿쿄 대학의 겸임강사로 부임했으며, 당해 12월 선수 경력에서 은퇴한 이후 22년 만에 아티스틱스위밍 공연을 펼쳤다.
미카코는 2016년 1월 25일 2016년 하계 올림픽 폐막식에 진행될 깃발 인계식을 어떻게 진행할 지 조언하는 자문단의 일원으로 임명되었고 2017년 9월 일본 올림픽 위원회와 일본 올림픽 선수 협회 임원으로 임명되었다.
2023년 8월, 미카코는 선수 경력을 마감한 이후 처음으로 2023년 세계 수영 연맹 마스터스 선수권 대회 단체, 솔로, 듀엣 부문에 해당 대회 은메달리스트인 후지마루 미치요와 함께 지도자가 아닌 선수 자격으로 참가했고 대회에서 금메달 3개를 획득했다. 그녀는 2024년 현재 기존에 부임한 직책들 외에 세계 올림픽 선수 협회 부협회장으로도 활동하고 있다.
1988년 하계 올림픽 싱크로나이즈에서 미카코의 수영을 본 한 미국인이 그녀의 실력에 감탄해 미카코에게 야생 돌고래를 만나보라는 조언을 건넨 적 있었다.
미카코는 1999년 일본의 전직 단거리 달리기 선수였고 메이카이 대학 조교수로 일하던 스기우라 유사쿠와 결혼했다. 2001년 2월 첫째 딸이 태어났고 2006년 8월 둘째 딸이 태어났다.
연무

연무(煙霧, haze)는 공기 중의 먼지나 연기 등으로 시정이 흐려진 것을 말한다.
좀더 면밀하게 말하자면, 1 .연기와 안개를 아울러 이르는 말.연무가 짙게 끼다. 2 .<지리> 고운 먼지와 그을음이 공중에 떠다니어 생기는 대기의 혼탁 현상. 주로 공장에서 배출된 매연과 자동차 따위의 배기가스에 의하여 일어난다.
대한민국 기상청 기준은 가시거리 1km 이상 10km 미만 상태에서 상대습도가 70% 이하를 말한다. 70% 이상은 박무라고 한다.
Mshubiri

Mshubiri au msubili ni jina la mimea ya jenasi Aloe katika nusufamilia Asphodeloideae ya familia Xanthorrhoeaceae ambayo ni aina za sukulenti. Watu wengi wanaendelea kuweka Aloe ndani ya familia yake Aloaceae. Spishi kadhaa ni miti, lakini siku hizi huainishwa katika jenasi Aloidendron.
Majani ya mishubiri na dawa zilizotengenezwa kutoka haya huitwa shubiri.
Mimea hii ina shina fupi au haina shina kabisa, isipokuwa spishi zilizo miti. Majani ni marefu na manono na yanatoka shina karibu na wenziwe; yana miiba kingoni mwao. Maua yana umbo wa mrija mfupi na rangi yake ni nyekundu, pinki, ya machungwa, njano au nyeupe. Yapo mwishoni mwa kikonyo chenye vitawi au bila vitawi. Utomvu utokao mwenye majani hutumika kutengeneza dawa.
Spishi moja inajulikana sana: mshubirimani (Aloe vera), ambao unapandwa sana duniani na hutumika kwa kutengeneza dawa za uganga au za mitishamba.
Spishi nyingine inayopandwa sana katika Afrika na nchi nyingine za Tropiki ni mshubiri mwekundu (A. ferox).
Karroo

Karoo (pia Karroo tamka Karu) ni eneo la nusu jangwa katika nyanda za juu za Afrika Kusini. Inaenea kaskazini mwa mtelemko mkubwa ambako nyanda za juu zinaanza na kusini mwa Namibia. Hapa Karoo Ndogo, Karoo Kubwa na Karoo ya Juu zinatofautishwa pamoja na Karoo ya Sukulenti na Karoo ya Wanama. Ikiwa na eneo la kilomita 500,000 za mraba, Karoo inajumuisha karibu theluthi moja ya eneo la Afrika Kusini.
Hakuna ufafanuzi kamili wa Karoo kwa hiyo hakuna mipaka maalumu. Mfafanuzi hutegemea uso wa nchi, jiolojia, tabianchi na hasa kiasi kidogo cha mvua pamoja kutokea kwa baridi na joto kali. Miaka milioni iliyopita Karoo ilikuwa na mfumo wa ikolojia wa pekee inayoonekana hado leo katika visukuku vingi.
Hadi leo ni mazingira ya joto kali pamoja na jalidi. Mvua inanyesha kwa wastani milimita 50 hadi 250 kwa mwaka, lakini kwene milima kadhaa hufikia milimita 250 hadi 500. Maji hupatikana chini ya ardhi yanayopatikana kwa njia ya visima vilivyochimbwa.
Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Augrabies Falls

Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Augrabies Falls ni mbuga ya Taifa inayopatikana karibu na Maporomoko ya Augrabies, takribani km 120 magharibi mwa Upington katika mkoa wa Rasi Kaskazini, Afrika Kusini . Ilianzishwa mwaka 1966.
Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Augrabies Falls ina ukubwa wa eneo la kilomita za mraba 820 na kuenea kando ya Mto Orange . Eneo hilo ni kame sana. Maporomoko ya maji yana urefu wa takribani mita 60 .
Hifadhi ya Mazingira ya Gamkaberg

Hifadhi ya Mazingira ya Gamkaberg iko katika eneo Little Karoo katika mkoa wa Western Cape, Afrika Kusini.
Hifadhi hiyo ilichukua jina lake kutoka kwa mlima wa kati, Gamkaberg, ambao nao ulipata jina lake kutoka kwa neno la asili la Khoi-khoi la Simba, pamoja na kiambishi cha Kiafrikana "-berg", kinachomaanisha mlima.
Ilianzishwa mnamo 1974 kulinda kundi la mwisho lililosalia katika eneo la Cape mountain zebra (ambalo lilikuwa na wanyama watano pekee walionusurika mwaka wa 1976),
Mandhari ya Gamkaberg ni tofauti, ikiwa ni pamoja na vilele vya milima, miinuko na miinuko mikali. na uchoraji wa zama za mawe au sanaa ya miamba pia zipo kwenye hifadhi.
Miji ya karibu zaidi ni Calitzdorp upande wa kaskazini-magharibi; Oudtshoorn kaskazini-mashariki; na Vanwyksdorp upande wa kusini. Milima inayounda hifadhi ya asili huunda safu tofauti.
Mto unaotiririka kuelekea kusini kupita hifadhi unatumia jina lake. Mto Gamka kuelekea kuelekea kaskazini katika Karoo Kame Kuu na kuelekea kuelekea kuelekea baharini.
Mbali na idadi kubwa ya Cape Mountain Zebra, mamalia wengine wakubwa ni pamoja na chui, mbwa mwitu, bweha mgongo mweusi, na aina mbalimbali za swala. Hifadhi hiyo pia ina idadi kubwa isiyo ya kawaida ya wanyama watambaao na ndege.
Mimea ya mkoa wa Cape ni moja mimea tajiri zaidi kwenye sayari. Mimea min kati ya mimea ya Rasine katika Gamkaberg
Eastern Province (Kenya)

The Eastern Province (Swahili: Mashariki) of Kenya was one of 8 Provinces of Kenya. Its northern boundary ran along with that of Ethiopia; the North Eastern Province and Coast Province lay to the east and south; and the remainder of Kenya's provinces, including Central Province, ran along its western border. The provincial capital was Embu.
On 16 July 2009, the province was sub-divided into three: Lower Eastern with Machakos as headquarters, Central Eastern with Embu as headquarters, and Upper Eastern with Marsabit as headquarters; however, those changes never took effect due to the political wrangles in the Kenyan coalition government at the time. The sub-division of provinces was carried out in seven provinces of Kenya, excluding Nairobi. As of March 2013 after the Kenyan general election, 2013, the Eastern Province was subdivided into eight counties, namely:
The province was principally inhabited by the Meru, Kamba, Embu, and several pastoralist communities. In 1979, its population was 2.7 million; in 1999, 4,631,779 (according to the 1999 census) and in 2009 the province would have had a population of 5,668,123. In terms of area, it was the second largest province at (140,698.6 km) in Kenya.
Eastern Province of Kenya includes the Chalbi Desert, Mount Kenya, and the eastern half of Lake Turkana. The climate in the region is arid to semi-arid. Its most important permanent river is Ewaso Ng'iro.
Madagascar succulent woodlands

The Madagascar succulent woodlands are a xeric shrublands ecoregion in southwestern and central western Madagascar. Native plants survive in the arid climate and long dry season with adaptations like succulent leaves, water storing trunks, photosynthetic stems, and dropping leaves during the dry season. The ecoregion is threatened by various human activities.
The succulent woodlands are found in the southwest and centre-west of Madagascar, in the rain shadow region that receives less moisture than the east and the Central Highlands. The climate is tropical and dry, with rainfall ranging from 575 to 1,330 mm per year, and a marked dry season from May to October.
To the north, the succulent woodlands make a transition into the Madagascar dry deciduous forests, while to the south they border the even drier Madagascar spiny thickets, and to the east the Madagascar subhumid forests. They are bounded on the west by the Mozambique Channel.
The vegetation is similar to the dry deciduous forests to the north, but includes more dry-adapted, xerophytic species. Forests and open-canopied woodlands, reaching 15 metres (49 ft) in height, contain trees and shrubs of the families Burseraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, and Sapindaceae. Notable endemic and near-endemic plants include two species of baobab, Adansonia za and A. grandidieri (near threatened and endangered, respectively), the endemic tree hazomalany (Hazomalania voyronii), and succulents in the genus Pachypodium.
Between 60 and 90 bird species and eight lemur species are found in the ecoregion and a number of mammals, frogs, and reptiles are endemic to the area.
Native mammals include the red-tailed sportive lemur (Lepilemur ruficaudatus), large-eared tenrec (Geogale aurita), lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi), and Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi). Endemic mammals include the narrow-striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata), Malagasy giant rat (Hypogeomys antimena), and endangered Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae), the world's smallest primate.
Native limited-range birds include the red-capped coua (Coua ruficeps), Appert's greenbul (Xanthomixis apperti), white-breasted mesite (Mesitornis variegatus), and long-tailed ground roller (Uratelorinis chimaera).
The Madagascar succulent woodlands are threatened by burning, logging (which impacts species such as the endemic tree Hazomalania voyronii), cattle and goat farming, and hunting of several mammals.
4.63% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, Kirindy Mitea National Park, Andranomena Special Reserve, and Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve.
The Menabe Antimena protected area, located in the west of the ecoregion, includes the northern portion of the Kirindy Forest. Large areas have been illegally logged, burned, and converted to maize fields, which threatens the area's wildlife, including Madame Berthe's mouse lemur.
Euphorbia trigona

Euphorbia trigona, the African milk tree, cathedral cactus, or Abyssinian euphorbia, is a species of flowering plant that originates from Central Africa. Somewhat common in cultivation as a houseplant or as a hedge, the species is one of the euphorbias with succulent stems and branches as an adaptation to arid climates.
This succulent shrub has an upright stem and many branches that also grow upward. The stem and branches can have two or three sides. The stem itself is dark green with V-shaped light green patterns. The 5 mm (1⁄4 in) thorns occur in pairs on the stem's ridges. The drop shaped leaves grow from between the two thorns on each ridge. The plant has never been known to flower, and is possibly a hybrid.
Euphorbia trigona can withstand brief cold temperatures of down to −3 °C (27 °F). It prefers sandy soil but can cope with most types of well-drained soil. It can root easily from stem cuttings, if allowed to dry for 3–7 days before planting so that it can form a callus and not rot. It grows to a height of 1.5–3 m (4 ft 11 in – 9 ft 10 in).
As with many other Euphorbia species, the latex from the plant is poisonous and can cause skin irritations. It is a pest-free plant. A problem that some trigonas face is that they are susceptible to falling over when fully grown because of their shallow and small root system.
The plant is known only in human cultivation and is commonly used as a house plant. It is used as a ritual plant and a hedge in Gabon.
Media related to Euphorbia trigona at Wikimedia Commons
Magadi, Kenya

Magadi, Kenya is a town in the Kenya Rift Valley at Lake Magadi, located southwest of Nairobi, in southern Kenya. Magadi is northeast of Lake Natron in Tanzania.
The general population of Magadi, Kenya is 980 people, with an elevation of 595 meters (1,952 feet).
Magadi township lies on Lake Magadi's east shore, and is home to the Magadi Soda Company, now owned by Tata India. This factory produces soda ash, which has a range of industrial uses. Magadi is the central town of Magadi division in Kajiado County.
Magadi has gained organized access to the Internet, and computer usage, through the United Nations Development Programme-Kenya for solar-powered laptop computers, begun in July 2002: by the end of 2003, about 10,000 residents (48%) had visited the five E-Centers for Internet computer access, developed by the UN project.
Magadi was a filming location for Fernando Meirelles's film The Constant Gardener, which is based on the book of the same name by John le Carré, although in the film, the shots are supposed to be at Lake Turkana, which are actually at Lake Magadi.
1°53′S 36°16′E﻿ / ﻿1.883°S 36.267°E﻿ / -1.883; 36.267
Salvadora persica

Salvadora persica or the toothbrush tree is a small evergreen tree native to the Middle East, Africa and India. Its sticks are traditionally used as a natural toothbrush called miswak and are mentioned by the World Health Organization for oral hygiene use.
Other names include arak, jhak, pīlu, and mustard tree.
The genus was named by the French botanist Laurent Garcin in 1749 after a Spanish apothecary, Juan Salvador y Bosca. The type specimen was collected in Persia, hence the species name persica.
Salvadora persica is a small tree or shrub with a crooked trunk, typically 6–7 metres (20–23 ft) in height. Its bark is scabrous and cracked, whitish with pendulous extremities. The root bark of the tree is similar in colour to sand, and the inner surfaces are an even lighter shade of brown. It has a pleasant fragrance, of cress or mustard, as well as a warm and pungent taste. The leaves break with a fine crisp crackle when trodden on. The tree produces small red edible fruits, juicy but pungent, in clusters.
The plant is native to the Middle East and Africa, and is found on desert floodplains, riverbanks, and grassy savannahs. It has high tolerance for salty soils and can tolerate as little as 200 millimetres (8 inches) or less of mean annual rainfall, but it prefers ready access to groundwater.
Salvadora persica stick, known as miswak or Esekon, is popular for teeth cleaning throughout the Arabian Peninsula, Iranian Plateau, as well as the wider Muslim world.
The fresh leaves can be eaten as part of a salad and are used in traditional medicine. The flowers are small and fragrant and are used as a stimulant and are mildly purgative. The berries are small and barely noticeable; they are eaten both fresh and dried. The wood of the Salvadora persica can be used for charcoal and firewood. In Namibia, the mustard bush is used as drought-resistant fodder for cattle. The seeds can be used to extract a detergent oil.
As of 2009, Botanic Gardens Conservation International has a total of eight Salvadora persica plants in conservation.
Dracaena arborescens

Dracaena arborescens, synonym Sansevieria arborescens, is a succulent plant native to Kenya and Tanzania.
Dracaena arborescens grows long stems over 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) tall, with thick, flat, succulent leaves. Its name refers to the tree-like height of the stems.
It very closely resembles the related Dracaena bagamoyensis. However, the leaves of D. arborescens are wider (over 25 mm) and less brittle.
Eryx conicus

Eryx conicus is a species of non-venomous snake in the subfamily Erycinae of the family Boidae. The species is native to southern Asia. No subspecies are recognised as being valid.
Adults of E. conicus may attain a total length of 3 feet 3 inches (99 cm), which includes a tail 3 inches (76 mm) long.
The anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth are longer than the posterior. The head is covered with small scales. The eye is small with a vertical pupil. The dorsal scales are small and keeled. The tail is pointed, not or but very slightly prehensile.
The rostral scale is twice as broad as long, slightly prominent, without an angular horizontal edge. The top of the head is covered with small obtusely keeled scales, except for the nasals and internasals which are enlarged. Interorbitals: 8 to 10. Circumorbitals: 10 to 15. The eye is separated from the labials by one or two rows of scales. Supralabial scales: 12 to 14. Dorsal scales tubercularly keeled, in 40 to 49 rows. Ventral scales: 162-186. The anal scale is single. Subcaudals: 17-24.
The anterior dorsal scales are only feebly keeled, but these keels increase in size posteriorly to the point that they become so heavily keeled that it can make a squirming specimen really painful to handle. This also makes it look as if the front and rear ends belong to markedly different animals.
Dorsally, the color pattern consists of a broad zigzag band or a series of dark brown blotches on a yellowish or brownish grey ground color. The belly is uniform white.
In India it can be mistaken at first glance for either the Indian python (Python molurus) or the deadly Russell's viper (Daboia russelii).
E. conicus is active at dusk and at night.
E. conicus preys upon birds and small mammals, which it kills by constricting.
E. conicus is found in India south of about 30°N latitude, Nepal, Bangladesh and in the northern arid region of Sri Lanka. The type locality given is "India orientali ".
The preferred habitat of E. conicus is sandy tracts of central and southern India, the Punjab, Kachchh, and Sind.
The rough-scaled sand boa's color pattern frequently resembles that of the highly venomous Russell's viper, which some herpetologists believe is a case of Batesian mimicry.
E. conicus is viviparous.
Kopiah

Dalam Islam, kopiah (Jawi: ‏كوڤيه‎‎), kufi (Jawi: ‏كوفي‎‎) atau ketayap (Jawi: ‏كتايڤ‎‎) merujuk kepada sejenis penutup kepala. Menutup kepala bagi lelaki hukumnya sunat, dan memakai kopiah adalah salah satu cara yang mudah.
Ia adalah sunat dan juga merupakan sunnah Rasulullah SAW. Selalu juga pemakaian kopiah dikenakan di dalam lilitan serban, iaitu dengan cara melilitkan serban pada kopiah. Menurut Imam Sayuti Rahimahullah bahawa yang dipakai oleh Nabi SAW dan sahabat RA di bawah serban ialah al-Qalansuah atau kopiah. Oleh kerana ia adalah satu sunnah, pemakaian kopiah merupakan amalan yang meluas yang terdapat di kesemua negara-negara Islam. Dengan ini, pemakaian kopiah adalah berbeza dengan penutup kepala yang lain seperti songkok, bandana, topi dan penutup kepala yang lain yang hanyalah dianggap sunat, tetapi bukannya satu sunnah.
Penutup kepala yang dikenakan dengan dashiki adalah dinamakan untuk bandar Kufi, Nigeria, disebut sebagai coo-FEE. Dalam bahasa Yoruba, kufi bererti mahkota, manakala fila bererti topi. Bandar Kufi terletak di Yorubaland berdekatan Ibadan. Nama-nama Afrika Barat lain termasuklah fula, fila, dan topi malo (malo hat). Topi ini disebut kofia dalam bahasa Swahili di Afrika Timur, sila lihat artikel berkenaan kanzu untuk penerangan selanjutnya. Di Amerika Syarikat, nama Afrika barat, kufi, adalah kerap digunakan.
Pada kebiasaannya pemakaian penutup kepala oleh lelaki merupakan tanda ketenangan minda dan peribadi pemakai, kesalihan dan ketaatan kepada tuhan, erti pembaharuan dan taubat, serta menjaga kepala, perwatakan dan minda yang cergas.
Burung Rimba Kopiah Hitam

Burung Telanjuk (bahasa Inggeris: Pellorneum capistratum ialah salah satu daripada haiwan yang terdapat di Asia Tenggara. Nama sainsnya Pellorneum capistratum, merupakan spesies dalam keluarga Timaliidae.
Burung Rimba Kopiah Hitam merupakan burung yang pemalu dan bergerak senyap-senyap di antara ranting dan dedaunan semak belukar atau tumbuhan bawah yang rapat. Hanya terdengar suaranya sesekali, yang disiulkan berulang: wiit.. , atau cii-wiit.. , tinggi dan menembus. Atau gumam lembut: tut-ur-ur-ur..
Burung Rimba Kopiah Hitam ialah sejenis burung yang kecil dan ramping. Bulu-bulu didominasi warna coklat dan coklat zaitun, terutama punggung, sayap dan ekor. Bahagian atas kepala berwarna hitam hingga ke tengkuk, diapit oleh sepasang garis alis mata yang berwarna kuning tua jingga di depan dan putih di sebelah belakang. Pipi (di depan mata) dan pelipis (di belakang mata) abu-abu. Penutup telinga berwarna jingga kecoklatan. Sisi bawah tubuh (dagu, dada, perut, hingga pantat) berwarna jingga kecoklatan, diselingi sepetak warna putih di bagian leher depan. Bulu-bulu di bagian dalam berwarna kelabu kehitaman. Iris mata merah kecoklatan; paruh sebelah atas kehitaman, sebelah bawah abu-abu keputihan; kaki merah ungu kecoklatan.
Sebagai burung, Burung Rimba Kopiah Hitam membiak dengan cara bertelur. Telur yang dihasilkan mempunyai cangkerang keras di dalam sarang yang dibinanya.
Burung Rimba Kopiah Hitam merupakan haiwan yang dilindungi di Malaysia dan memerlukan lesen pemburuan untuk memburunya.
Pekaka Ubun Hitam

Pekaka Ubun Hitam atau Pekaka Kopiah Hitam atau nama sainsnya Halcyon pileata berasal dari negara China atau Korea, ia akan terbang ke selatan pada musim sejuk dan menetap di sepanjang sungai, paya dan hutan-hutan bakau di Johor.
Pekaka Kopiah Hitam sering tertumpu pada kawasan yang paling utara pada musim panas, berbanding burung Pekaka spesies lain. Ia antara keluarga Pekaka yang membesar sehingga 28cm panjangnya. Paruh merahnya yang kuat dapat menangkap serangga,ikan dan katak dengan mudah dan mengorek sarang di tepi sungai.
Telekung

Telekung merujuk kepada kain selubung untuk menutup aurat dan tubuh perempuan Muslim ketika bersolat. Ia meliputi seluruh tubuh badan, kecuali muka.
Warna telekung yang hendak dipakai terpulang pada diri individu itu sendiri, tetapi adalah sunnah menggunakan warna putih, kerana Rasulullah SAW menyukai pakaian yang warna putih (Tirmidzi, Ibnu majah).
Anime dan manga kanak-kanak

Kodomomuke manga (子供向け漫画) dan Kodomomuke anime (子供向けアニメ) ialah istilah bahasa Jepun yang membawa maksud "manga yang ditujukan kepada kanak-kanak" dan "animasi yang ditujukan kepada kanak-kanak". Istilah ini memaksudkan genre komik (manga) dan kartun (anime) buatan Jepun yang ditujukan kepada audiens yang lebih muda berbanding bahan-bahan "shonen" dan "shojo". Namun begitu, untuk kebanyakan peminat media ini yang bukan berbangsa Jepun, nama ini dipendekkan menjadi "Kodomo".
Karya-karya Kodomo terkenal kerana cerita-cerita yang biasanya (dan secara terselindung) banyak berunsur moral dan mengajar kanak-kanak agar menjadi orang yang baik dan berhati murni.
Sejarah Manga Kodomo bermula pada akhir abad ke-19 dengan penghasilan manga pendek, panjangnya lebih kurang 15 halaman, dicetak di majalah. Manga pendek ini diciptakan sebagai sebahagian daripada usaha era Meiji untuk mendorong literasi di kalangan remaja Jepun. Tonggak utama populariti anime adalah penciptaan Astro Boy oleh Osamu Tezuka, yang sering dianggap sebagai bapa anime. [2] Kodomo anime dan manga boleh dibahagikan kepada empat kategori. Kategori pertama terdiri daripada adaptasi anime dan manga dari kisah Barat, seperti World Masterpiece Theatre. Sebilangan besar dari mereka adalah siri TV. Walaupun popular, mereka kurang mewakili anime tradisional Jepun. Sebaliknya, mereka menjadi model kartun klasik Amerika atau Soviet. Kategori kedua terdiri daripada penyesuaian media Jepun dan karya asli. Mereka menggunakan lelucon linguistik, berisi rujukan kepada masyarakat Jepun, dan mungkin lebih sukar untuk dimengerti oleh penonton bukan Jepun. Mereka serupa dengan animasi Amerika. Contohnya ialah Doraemon. Kategori ketiga, yang dikenali sebagai joji-muke (女 児 向 け) [3] terdiri daripada manga dan anime yang ditujukan untuk gadis-gadis muda, seperti Hello Kitty. Kategori keempat, yang lebih dekat dengan shōnen, mempunyai hubungan dengan permainan video dan francais mainan yang popular, dan mempunyai kejayaan komersial yang paling besar. [4] Majalah manga Kodomo seperti CoroCoro Comic dan Comic BomBom terutama menyasarkan budak lelaki, terutama yang berada di sekolah rendah, walaupun beberapa, seperti Pucchigumi, mensasarkan gadis-gadis muda. Manga kodomo yang popular sering diadaptasi menjadi anime dan disertai dengan banyak barang dagangan.
Anugerah Anugerah Shogakukan Manga tahunan dan Anugerah Manga Kodansha masing-masing merangkumi kategori untuk manga kodomo. [5] [6] Yang pertama memasukkan kategori untuk kodomo manga pada tahun 1981.
Karya-karya seperti Ojamajo Doremi, Pretty Cure, dan Onegai My Melody merupakan siri gadis sihir yang boleh digolongkan sebagai bahan "kodomo".
Karya-karya lain yang juga boleh dikelaskan sebagai "kodomo" merupakan judul-judul shonen seperti Keroro, Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo, Sonic X, dan Pokémon.
Along Eyzendy

Mohd Eyzendy Mohd Aziz atau lebih terkenal sebagai Along Eyzendy (lahir 12 Oktober 1979) ialah seorang pelakon lelaki Malaysia, terkenal menerusi peranan di televisyen dan filem.
Sebelum memulakan kerjaya lakonan, Along Eyzendy terlebih dahulu memulakan kerjaya awalnya sebagai peniup trumpet. Beliau kemudiannya menyambung pelajaran dalam jurusan muzik di Akademi Seni Budaya Dan Warisan Kebangsaan (Aswara). Kerjaya lakonannya bermula pada 2003 menerusi filem arahan Nam Ron, Gedebe yang turut dibintangi oleh Zul Huzaimy dan Soffi Jikan. Tiga tahun kemudian, beliau muncul dalam drama penyiasatan CID 3278 terbitan Rosyam Nor menerusi Suhan Movies & Trading, lakonan bersama Allahyarham Faizal Yusup dan Salina Saibi.
Pada tahun 2008, beliau berlakon bersama Bienda dan Danny X-Factor dalam filem Budak Kelantan arahan Wan Azli Wan Jusoh. Along memegang watak sebagai Rosman, seorang pemandu van jenazah dalam filem seram yang meraih kutipan pecah panggung, Khurafat: Perjanjian Syaitan arahan Syamsul Yusof, diikuti oleh satu lagi filem seram, iaitu Karak arahan Yusry KRU. Kedua-dua filem ini ditayangkan pada 2011.
Eyzendy kemudian bekerjasama dengan Pierre Andre menerusi dua filem arahannnya, Cerita Kita dan 1 Lawan Satu yang kedua-keduanya dikeluarkan pada 2013. Tiga tahun kemudian, beliau berlakon di samping kumpulan Zero dalam filem Lu Mafia Gua Gangster arahan Krishna Roy yang turut dibintangi oleh Jalaluddin Hassan dan Zack Taipan.
Selain sebagai pelakon, Along berkhidmat sebagai pensyarah untuk Teater Tradisional Makyong di ASWARA.
Along berkahwin dengan Hamidah Mohd Yatim dan dikurniakan tiga anak.