davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Choco toucan

The Choco toucan (Ramphastos brevis) is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae, the toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The Choco toucan was long treated as a subspecies of the yellow-throated toucan (R. ambiguus) but vocal differences and other characteristics led to their being split. It and the channel-billed toucan (R. vitellinus) are sister species. The Choco toucan is monotypic.
The Choco toucan is 46 to 48.5 cm (18 to 19 in) long and weighs 365 to 482 g (13 to 17 oz). The sexes are alike though the female's bill is shorter than the male's. Their bill's maxilla is mostly yellow with some green on the culmen and a black triangle at its base. Their mandible is black, sometimes with a yellow tip. Their crown and nape are black with a maroon tinge; their upperparts and tail are black except for white uppertail coverts. Bare yellow-green to olive green skin surrounds their eye. Their throat and breast are yellow with a narrow red band below the breast. Their belly is black and their undertail coverts red. The plumage is almost identical to that of the "chestnut-mandibled" subspecies of yellow-throated toucan (R. a. swainsonii), with which there is a range overlap, but their voices separate them.
As suggested by its common name, the Choco toucan is restricted to the humid Chocó region from northwestern Colombia to southwestern Ecuador. It mostly inhabits lowland and foothill forest but also occurs in pastures and plantations with fruiting trees that adjoin forest. In elevation it is found up to about 1,550 m (5,100 ft).
The Choco toucan does not have a migratory pattern, but pairs and groups move up- and downslope while foraging.
The Choco toucan forages mostly in the forest canopy. Its diet is not known in detail but is mainly fruits and probably includes insects and small vertebrates. It has been noted following army ant swarms, probably to feed on prey disturbed by them.
The Choco toucan's breeding season appears to be mostly between June and August though it might begin much earlier in Colombia. Pairs display to each other by swinging their heads back and forth while vocalizing. Nothing else is known about their breeding biology.
The Choco toucan is one of the "croaker" group of toucans. Its call is "a steadily repeated series of croaking 'kreeork' notes, sometimes speeded up into a 'kriik'." It also clacks its bill and makes grating sounds with a closed bill.
The IUCN has assessed the Choco toucan as being of Least Concern. It has a large range, but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered uncommon to locally common in Ecuador, and occurs in at least one protected area in each of that country and Colombia. It is hunted for food and traditional medicine practices. It "[r]equires study in order to determine its requirements, and to ascertain whether its present conservation status needs to be reassessed."
Channel-billed toucan

The channel-billed toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus) is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae found on the Caribbean island of Trinidad and in tropical South America as far south as southern Brazil and central Bolivia.
Three subspecies are recognized:
These subspecies were previously considered separate species, but all three, along with the citron-throated toucan, will interbreed freely wherever they meet. However, the subspecies R. v. ariel is closer to R. v. culminatus than to the nominate, and are by some already considered close to distinct species status. As R. v. ariel was described before R. v. culminatus, if separated they would become Ramphastos ariel ariel and R. a. culminatus. There also exists an isolated population in eastern Brazil. It looks very similar to, and has traditionally been considered part of, R. v. ariel, but molecular analysis suggests that it has been isolated for a long time and is a yet-undescribed separate subspecies or possibly even species (Weckstein, 2005).
Like other toucans, the channel-billed is brightly marked and has a huge bill. It is typically 48 cm (19 in) long with a 9–14 cm (3½-5½ in) bill. It weighs 300–430 g (11–15 oz)
Wherever the distributions of the subspecies meet, individuals with features that are intermediate compared to above described races are common due to hybridization. Some of these intermediate populations have sometimes been awarded subspecies status, e.g. theresae for the population in north-eastern Brazil and pintoi for populations in south-central Brazil (both are culminatus-ariel intergrades).
Found in forest and woodland. Prefers humid regions, but locally extends into drier regions (esp. along rivers). Mainly in lowlands, but locally to an altitude of 1,700 m (5,600 ft).
This species is an arboreal fruit-eater but will take insects, small reptiles, eggs and frogs. Typically consumed are lipid-rich fruits such as Virola and Euterpe palm fruits. Other fruits which the channel-billed toucan feeds upon are those borne by Cecropia, Ficus, Hevea, Nectandra, Oenocarpus, Pourouma and Pouteria. They will also consume papaya, mangoes, avocados and peppers if human intrusions into their habitat occur. The call is a croaking "cree-op cree-op cree-op".
The parents are both active in raising the young. The white eggs are laid in a high unlined tree cavity. There is a gestation period of 18 days, and the parents both incubate for 15 to 16 days. However, they can be impatient sitters, often leaving their eggs uncovered for hours at a time. Newborn toucans remain in the nest after hatching. They are blind and naked at birth, and their eyes open after about 3 weeks. They have short bills and specialized pads on their heels to protect them from the rough floor of the nest. The feathers do not begin to expand until they are nearly 4 weeks old. They are helpless and unable to leave the nest for about 8 weeks, dependent upon both parents to feed them. After this, the young can care for themselves. They begin to leave the nest after 40 to 50 days, depending on size.
Red-capped manakin

The red-capped manakin (Ceratopipra mentalis) is a species of bird in the family Pipridae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.
The bird is probably best known for the male's unusual courting method whereby he shuffles rapidly backwards across a branch, akin to a speedy moonwalk.
The red-capped manakin was formally described and illustrated in 1857 by the English zoologist Philip Sclater based on specimen collected by Auguste Sallé in Córdoba, Veracruz, southern Mexico. Sclater placed the species in the genus Pipra and coined the binomial name Pipra mentalis. The specific epithet mentalis is Latin meaning "pertaining to the chin".
The red-capped manakin was moved to the genus Ceratopipra when molecular phylogenetic studies found that Pipra was non-monophyletic. It is closely related to, and in eastern Panama sometimes hybridizes with, the golden-headed manakin.
Three subspecies are recognized subspecies:
The red-capped manakin is a small passerine, measuring 4 in (10 cm) in length and weighing 16 g (0.56 oz). The male is velvety black apart from a bright red head and nape, bright yellow thighs, and a pale yellow chin and wing linings. The female is olive green above, with paler, more yellow-green underparts. Both sexes have dull brown legs. The male's irides are white, while those of the female and young are brown.
While the adult male is distinctive, the female and youngsters can be confused with several similar species. The male golden-collared manakin is larger, and has orange (rather than brown) legs, while the female velvety manakin is a brighter green (rather than olive).
Found primarily in humid forest and second growth woodland, the red-capped manakin typically occurs below 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft) above sea level, though it sometimes ranges as high as 900 m (3,000 ft). Most are resident, but some individuals are known to migrate to take advantage of changing food resources: the number of red-capped manakins caught in mist nets at La Selva Biological Reserve, in eastern Costa Rica, tripled in January and February, when a favored fruit ripened, for example, while the number caught at a nearby higher elevation site (where the fruits were not found) dropped to zero.
The red-capped manakin is a frugivore, feeding almost exclusively on fruits. These pass very quickly through the bird's digestive system, typically taking less than 18 minutes to process. The manakins ability to process large quantities of fruit have evolved to be fast due to experiencing certain seasons where there is not an abundant amount of fruits. Therefore, they had to consume large volumes of food to get the nutrients they need. Seeds from a variety of plants are consumed; one study in Costa Rica found evidence of 70 species, including those from the genera Clidemia, Hampea, Henriettea, Leandra, Miconia, Ossaea, Pinzona and Psychotria, in the fecal droppings of red-capped manakins.
List of toucans

Toucans are birds in the family Ramphastidae in the order Piciformes. There are currently 43 extant species of toucans recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union.
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the toucan’s range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.
This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List. Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).
The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 43 species of toucans in five genera. This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.
Family Ramphastidae
Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena

Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena is a biodiversity hotspot, which includes the tropical moist forests and tropical dry forests of the Pacific coast of South America and the Galapagos Islands. The region extends from easternmost Panama to the lower Magdalena Valley of Colombia, and along the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador to the northwestern corner of Peru. Formerly called the Chocó-Darién-Western Ecuador Hotspot, it has been expanded to include several new areas, notably the Magdalena Valley in northern Colombia. It is bounded on the east by the Andes Mountains. The Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena Hotspot is 1,500 km long and encircles 274,597 km. Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena is near the Pacific Ocean. The factors that threaten Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena are farming encroachment, deforestation, illegal crops, and population growth. Whereas the Panamanian and Colombian portion of the hotspot are relatively intact, approximately 98% of native forest in coastal Ecuador has been cleared, rendering it the most threatened tropical forest in the world. The hotspot includes a wide variety of habitats, ranging from mangroves, beaches, rocky shorelines, and coastal wilderness to some of the world's wettest rain forests in the Colombian Chocó. The hotspot includes a number of ecoregions:
Some of the endemic species of this hotspot are the following:
Endemic Plant Species: 2,750
Endemic Threatened Birds: 21
Endemic Threatened Mammals: 7
Endemic Threatened Amphibians: 8
Human Population Density (people/km): 51
Pacific/Chocó natural region

The Pacific/Chocó region is one of the five major natural regions of Colombia. Ecologically, this region belongs entirely to the Chocó Biogeographic Region and is considered a biodiversity hotspot. It also has areas with the highest rainfall in the world, with areas near Quibdo, Chocó reaching up to 13,000 mm (510 in) annually.
The Pacific region is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the West Andes to the east. To the north is the Darién Gap and the Serranía del Darién at the border with Panama. The area is mostly flat and covered by dense rainforest, rivers, swamps, and mangroves. The Baudó Mountains are a small, isolated range in this area along the coast. Gorgona Island is located off the southwest coast.
Politically, the region is within the following Colombian departments: Chocó, Valle del Cauca, Cauca and Nariño.
From north to south the main rivers are the Atrato, San Juan, Calima, Dagua, Anchicayá, Sanquianga.
This region has the distinction of being one of the most biodiverse areas on the planet.
Chocos

Chocos is a breakfast cereal manufactured by Kellogg's and sold in certain European and South Asian countries as well as India. They are usually shaped in 'scoops'. The usual flavor that they come in is chocolate. There are a variety of flavors and shapes that they come in.
It is a hugely popular cereal in India. The mascot of Chocos in India was Chocos the Bear until 2005 when he was replaced by Coco the Monkey, who is also the mascot of Cocoa Krispies. In India, the mascot was substituted in 2009.
The cereal itself is similar to Chocapic. Often, Chocos is involved with promotional styles that utilizes various movie characters, such as Spiderman.
Chocos mainly contains seven varieties - Moons and Stars, Crunchy Bites, Duet, A normal chocolate flavour, Chhota Bheem Chhota Ladoo, Spider-Man Webs and Disney Frozen Magic Hearts. There are also more varieties like Spiderman Web Chocos across many countries. These are done for promotional activities. Many of these have been discontinued.
Nacimiento

El nacimiento es el momento en que termina el proceso de gestación, y empieza el desarrollo infantil del ser vivo. Éste deja el vientre de su madre en el caso de los animales vivíparos, o del huevo en el caso de los animales ovíparos, o bien cuando una planta sale de la semilla, o bien cuando un bebé deja el vientre de su madre.
No solo los mamíferos dan a luz. Algunos reptiles, anfibios, peces e invertebrados llevan a sus jóvenes en desarrollo dentro de ellos. Algunos de estos son ovovivíparos, con los huevos que se incuban en el cuerpo de la madre, y otros son vivíparos, con el individuo embrión en desarrollo dentro de su cuerpo, como en los mamíferos.
En el caso humano, al nacimiento se le llama parto. El tiempo de gestación, es decir, el período entre la concepción y el nacimiento, tiene una duración que ronda los nueve meses.
En relación con la ética y la religión, la cuestión de cuándo comienza la vida de un ser humano, a menudo ha estado sujeta a debate, por ejemplo, con el fin de responder a cuestiones jurídicas sobre el derecho del ser humano a nacer (frente al derecho de la madre a decidir sobre su propio cuerpo, o sobre el destino de un feto no viable).
Es cuestionable si la vida efectivamente tiene un comienzo, toda vez que ésta es un continuo que se transmite de padres a hijos. Así, el momento del nacimiento no sería más que el cambio de estado de un ser humano y no el momento del inicio de la vida humana.
Muchos reptiles y la gran mayoría de los invertebrados, la mayoría de los peces, anfibios y todas las aves son ovíparos, es decir, ponen huevos con poco o ningún desarrollo embrionario dentro de la madre. En los organismos acuáticos, la fertilización es casi siempre externa y los espermatozoides y los óvulos se liberan en el agua (una excepción son los tiburones y las rayas, que tienen fertilización interna​). Se pueden producir millones de óvulos sin mayor participación de los padres, con la expectativa de que un pequeño número sobreviva y se convierta en individuos maduros. Los invertebrados terrestres también pueden producir una gran cantidad de huevos, algunos de los cuales pueden evitar la depredación y continuar con la especie. Algunos peces, reptiles y anfibios han adoptado una estrategia diferente e invierten sus esfuerzos en producir un pequeño número de crías en una etapa más avanzada que tienen más probabilidades de sobrevivir hasta la edad adulta. Las aves cuidan a sus crías en el nido y satisfacen sus necesidades después de la eclosión y quizás no sea sorprendente que no se produzca un desarrollo interno en las aves, dada su necesidad de volar.​
Estación Nacimiento

Nacimiento fue una estación ubicada en la comuna chilena de Nacimiento, en las cercanías de lo que hoy es la Población Lautaro.
La estación, inaugurada en 1909, formó parte de la Red Sur de la Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado hasta su eliminación en la década de 1980 producto de políticas de la empresa. El actual término del ramal está 1 km al este del antiguo emplazamiento, en un desvío que accede hacia la planta de celulosa Santa Fe.​
Actualmente, el ramal es usado para el transporte de carga desde y hacia la planta Santa Fe I y Santa Fe II (operado por Transap), con productos de la industria de la celulosa e insumos de ella. Las antiguas vías y durmientes del tramo desde el desvío hasta la estación terminal de Nacimiento fueron levantados y robados tras el cierre de la estación; años más tarde, alrededor de 1995, la estación sufrió un incendio. Posteriormente se construyó una población —denominada Cardenal Raúl Silva Henríquez— sobre el antiguo recinto de la estación.​
El Nacimiento

El Nacimiento, también conocida como El Nacimiento de los Kikapúes y oficialmente denominada como Tribu Kikapoo (Nacimiento),​ es una localidad del estado mexicano de Coahuila de Zaragoza, el principal asentamiento de los kikapúes en México, forma parte del municipio de Múzquiz.
La llegada de la tribu kikapú a México fue a consecuencia de su enfrentamiento primero con ingleses y luego con los estadounidenses al pasar sus lugares de origen a formar parte de los Estados Unidos, en 1828 el presidente Guadalupe Victoria aceptó su solicitud de emigrar a México y les concedió tierras en Texas, en 1836 Texas se declaró independiente de México y luego se incorporó a Estados Unidos, por lo que en 1850 nuevamente solicitaron refugio a México, en 1852 el presidente José Joaquín de Herrera se los concedió nuevamente, otorgándoles entonces las tierras en donde se encuentran actualmente al norte de Coahuila, fundando la población de El Nacimiento en el curso alto del río Sabinas, con la condición de que colaboraran en el combate de las tribus apaches y comanches que en aquel momento asolaban a los estados del norte de México, la emigración más importante se dio en el año de 1864, ya en 1861 Benito Juárez había confirmado el permiso para su establecimiento dándole a su asentamiento el carácter de colonia federal; posteriormente en 1919 Venustiano Carranza les donó un total de 7,000 hectáreas, que luego recibieron gran impulso durante del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas del Río.
El Nacimiento de los Kikapúes se localiza en el norte de Coahuila en la denominada Región Carbonífera, en el municipio de Múzquiz, sus coordenadas geográficas son 28°02′21″N 101°47′08″O﻿ / ﻿28.03917, -101.78556 y se encuentra a una altitud de 560 metros sobre el nivel del mar, su entorno se encuentra en una valle en el curso alto del río Sabinas, rodeado por la alturas de la Sierra de Santa Ana, la Sierra de Santa Anita y la Sierra Hermosa de Santa Rosa, lugar de nacimiento de dicho río. Se localiza a unos 40 kilómetros al noroeste de Ciudad Melchor Múzquiz, la cabecera municipal, con la que se comunica inicialmente por un camino de terracería que lo une a la cercana localidad de Morelos, desde donde enlaza con la Carretera Federal 53 que conduce a Múzquiz y al resto del estado hacia el este, mientras que hacia el norte conduce hacia Boquillas del Carmen y la Frontera entre Estados Unidos y México.
De acuerdo con los resultados del Conteo de Población y Vivienda de 2005 realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía la población total de El Nacimiento es de 164 habitantes, de los cuales 85 son hombres y 79 mujeres.​
Museo de arte precolombino Casa del Alabado

El Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado es un museo ecuatoriano ubicado en el centro histórico de Quito, dedicado al arte precolombino. Si bien trata sobre los desarrollos sociales del Ecuador prehispánico, no es un museo exclusivamente arqueológico, ya que privilegia la estética del objeto antes que la temática cronológica de la arqueología ecuatoriana. Se puede decir que el guion museológico se inspira en el concepto de divinización del ser humano, a partir del contacto que éste tiene con las fuerzas de la naturaleza, o apus.
El museo cuenta con 14 salas de exposición permanente,1 sala para exposiciones temporales, 2 salas para el desarrollo de actividades educativas, 1 café y 2 patios. Además cuenta con un área de servicios y de atención al cliente.
“La Casa del Alabado”, una de las más antiguas de la ciudad de Quito,​ data del siglo XVII, su nombre se debe a que sobre el dintel de la entrada se lee: “ALABADO SEA EL SANTISIMO SACRAMENTO… 1671”. La casa se encuentra situada entre la plazoleta de Santa Clara y la Plaza de San Francisco.
La fachada es muy sencilla, sin adornos especiales. En planta alta se encuentran cuatro balcones en volado, y en planta baja además del ingreso principal se encuentran tres tiendas. La fachada se encuentra rematada por el alero con canecillos.
Esta casa fue restaurada en el año 2006 por la Fundación La Tolita, y a partir del 2010 se convirtió en el Museo de Arte Precolombino, si bien trata sobre los desarrollos sociales del Ecuador prehispánicos, no es un museo exclusivamente arqueológico. Entre los años 2011 y 2013, fue director el Dr. Christian Mesía Montenegro, de nacionalidad peruana, past Director del Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú y del Museo Nacional Chavín. ​
Página web oficial Arqueología ecuatoriana será discutida
Alberto Mena Caamaño Museum

Alberto Mena Caamaño Museum (Spanish: Museo Alberto Mena Caamaño) is a museum in Quito, Ecuador. A cultural institution of Quito, the capital of Ecuador, it is located in the historic center of the city, next to the Palacio de Carondelet. The Rough Guide to Ecuador considers it to be the "old town's most rewarding museum".
It was created by ordinance on May 28, 1957, following a donation from the aristocratic philanthropist Alberto Mena Caamaño. The donation included more than 600 objects including paintings, sculptures, archaeological pieces, weapons and miscellaneous items. After a restoration of the former Royal Barracks building, the museum opened to the public on November 3, 1959. In 1970 a permanent exhibition hall was added on a theme of the slaughter which occurred on August 2, 1810, when 200 citizens were killed in the barracks and the surrounding streets of Quito by royalist troops. It is depicted by wax figures of the artist Francisco Barbieri. In 1987 the museum had to close its doors due to minor damage to the building structure, as a result of the earthquakes that rocked Quito that year. Finally, on November 27, 2002, it reopened following extensive restoration.
0°13′16″S 78°30′50″W﻿ / ﻿0.22111°S 78.51389°W﻿ / -0.22111; -78.51389
Estuardo Maldonado

Estuardo Maldonado (1928–2023) was an Ecuadorian sculptor and painter inspired by the Constructivist movement. Maldonado was a member of VAN (Vanguardia Artística Nacional), the group of Informalist painters founded by Enrique Tábara. Other members of VAN included, Aníbal Villacís, Luis Molinari, Hugo Cifuentes, León Ricaurte and Gilberto Almeida. Maldonado's international presence is largely due to his participation in over a hundred exhibits outside of Ecuador.
Born in Píntag, in the Quito district of Ecuador, Maldonado left home at a young age in order to observe and learn from nature. Both nature and Indigenous themes have been a fundamental inspiration for much of his work. Maldonado studied art at the School of Fine Arts in Guayaquil. By 1953, Maldonado was teaching drawing and art history at the American School of Guayaquil. In 1955, Maldonado traveled the Ecuadorian coast painting the people of the coast and landscapes.
In 1955, Maldonado held his first exhibitions in Guayaquil, Portoviejo, and Esmeraldas. In 1956, Benjamin Carrion invited Maldonado to exhibit at the House of Ecuadorian Culture making him the first Ecuadorian artist to exhibit sculpture in Quito and Guayaquil. In 1957, Maldonado set out for Europe on a scholarship and traveled to France, Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands and settled in Rome, Italy. Maldonado attended the Academy of Fine Arts of Rome and the Academy of San Giacomo.
Maldonado's work depicts abstractions of nature. His ancestral roots are also evident in some of his works based on pre-Columbian imagery from his native Andean zone. At the same time, he is interested in the palpitation of the evolving Universe. It is because of this inherent curiosity with advancement and history that he has a place within the Latin American Constructivist art movement.
Vladimir Tatlin founded Constructivism in Russia in 1913. Influenced by Futurism and Cubism, this movement is based on abstract, geometric forms and is related to architectural ideas. The Constructivist movement made its way into Latin America by way of Joaquín Torres García and Manuel Rendón. Constructive Universalism is an innovative style created by Joaquín Torres García who after living in Europe for over forty years, returned to his native land, Uruguay and brought with him new artistic concepts. Constructive Universalism combines references to the Pre-Columbian world with the geometric forms of European Constructivism.
Maldonado's work has been celebrated throughout the world for successfully combining nature with innovation while addressing the relationship to his Andean roots.
In 2009, Maldonado was awarded the Premio Eugenio Espejo, his country's most prestigious National Award for Art, Literature and Culture presented by the President of Ecuador.
Maldonado died in Quito in 2023.
Camilo Ponce Enríquez (politician)

Camilo Ponce Enríquez (31 January 1912 in Quito – 13 September 1976) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the 30th President of Ecuador between 1956 and 1960. He was married to Dolores Marta Gracia de Gangotena y Jijón.
Ponce initially ran in the presidential election of 1948, but only came in third place. In 1951 Ponce, along with Sixto Durán Ballén, founded the Movimiento Social Cristiano (MSC), which later became the Partido Social Cristiano (PSC). In 1956 he won the presidential election and named Durán Ballén minister of public works. He ran a final time in the election of 1968, once again coming in third place.
Andrea González Náder

Andrea González Náder (born 1 April 1987) is an Ecuadorian environmental activist, entrepreneur and political figure. She ran for vice-president in the 2023 general election and for president in the 2025 general election.
Born in Guayaquil, González holds an Engineering degree in Environmental Technology from Universidad Del Pacífico. After graduating, she founded and led several environmental organizations.
In 2018 González ran for the vice prefecture of Guayas for the Popular Unity party and, in 2020, she ran for a seat in the National Assembly;although both bids were unsuccessful.
Fernando Villavicencio, the presidential candidate in the 2023 general election of the political party Movimiento Construye (MC-25), named her as his vice-presidential running mate. Villavicencio was assassinated on 9 August after a rally, at which point the party began exploring the possibility of González replacing him on the presidential ticket. On 12 August, González was announced as the new presidential candidate. However there were legal uncertainties regarding her eligibility, and on 13 August they backtracked on their decision and named the journalist Christian Zurita as the candidate, with González as his running mate. The formula received 16.37% of the vote in the first round, placing third, and was eliminated.
In June 2024, González Náder registered as a pre-candidate for president of Ecuador in the 2025 general election. In the first round held on 9 February, she received 2.70% of the total votes, placing fourth, and was eliminated.
کچوری

کچوری ایک مصالحہ دار ناشتا ہے، جو برصغیر پاک و ہند میں بہت پسند کیا جاتا ہے۔ ہندوستانی اور دیگر جنوبی ایشیائی باشندوں کے ہاں یہ بہت عام ہے۔اس کے متبادل ناموں میں کچوریاور کچوڑی شامل ہیں۔
خیال کیا جاتا ہے کہ کچوری کی ابتدا ہندوستان کے ہندی پٹی کے علاقے سے ہوئی ہے۔ ان ریاستوں میں یہ عام طور پر ایک گول چپٹی گیند ہوتی ہے جو باریک آٹے سے بنی ہوتی ہے جس میں پیلے مونگ کی دال یا اُڑد کی دال، بیسن (پسی ہوئی اور دھوئے ہوئے چنے کا آٹا)، کالی مرچ، لال مرچ شامل ہوتی ہے۔ پاؤڈر، نمک اور دیگر مصالحے بھی ڈالے جاتے ہیں۔
راجستھان کی کوٹا کچوری ریاست کی سب سے مشہور کچوری ہے۔ پیاز کچوری (پیاز کچوری) بھی بہت مشہور ہے۔ جودھ پور میں کچوری کی ایک اور شکل ماوا کچوری ہے، جسے مرحوم راوت دیورا نے ایجاد کیا تھا۔ یہ چینی کے شربت میں ڈوبی ہوئی میٹھی ڈش ہے۔
گجرات میں، یہ عام طور پر آٹے سے بنی ایک گول گیند ہوتی ہے جس میں مونگ کی دال، کالی مرچ، لال مرچ پاؤڈر اور ادرک کا پیسٹ بھرا جاتا ہے۔
دہلی میں اسے اکثر چاٹ کے طور پر پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔ دہلی میں ایک اور قسم کی کچوری بھی مشہور ہے، جسے 'خستہ کچوری' یا 'راج کچوری' کہا جاتا ہے۔ جو آلو، ناریل اور چینی کے ساتھ بنائی جاتی تھی۔ کچوری کو اکثر املی، پودینہ یا دھنیا سے بنی چٹنی کے ساتھ پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔ ایک اور قسم تلی ہوئی اور دالوں سے بھری ہوئی ہے (خاص طور پر اُڑد اور مونگ) اور عام طور پر گجرات کے کچھ علاقے میں پائی جاتی ہے۔
کچوی ی یہ قسم میں میٹھا شامل ہوتا ہے مغربی بنگال اور بنگلہ دیش میں، کچوری (اکثر تلفظ کوچوری) میں بالکل مختلف تغیر ہوتا ہے۔ مغربی بنگال میں کچوری نرم اور چھوٹی ہوتی ہے۔ یہ زیادہ تر سفید آٹے (مائدہ) اور ہینگ (ہنگ) سے بنائی جاتی ہے یہ زیادہ تر صبح یا شام میں چائے کے وقت کے ناشتے کے طور پر کھایا جاتا ہے اکثر اس کے ساتھ لذیذ آلو مٹر کا سالن اور بنگالی مٹھائیاں ہوتی ہیں۔ نیز، مٹروں سے بھری کچوری بنگال میں موسم سرما کی پکوان ہے۔ بنگال میں ایک اور قسم جو زیادہ تر مٹھائی کی دکانوں میں موجود ہے وہ ہے سخت شکل (جیسے دہلی میں) جس کے اندر ایک مصالہ ہوتا ہے جسے 'خستا کچوری' کہا جاتا ہے۔
ساتویں عالمی اردو کانفرنس، کراچی

ساتویں عالمی اردو کانفرنس کراچی میں جاری ہے۔ یہ کانفرنس 16 سے 19 اکتوبر تک جاری رئے گی۔ اس میں دنیا بھر سے اردو ادب سے وابستہ ماہریں، ادیب، شعرا، صحافی اور ماہر لسانیات شرکت کر رئے ہیں۔
اس کانفرنس میں: کتب کی تقریب اجرا، ضیاء محی الدین کی آواز میں اقتباسات، یارک شائر ادبی فورم کی تقریب اعزازات، حالی و شبلی کا جشن صد سالہ اور رقص وغیرہ شامل ہیں۔
ہر کانفرنس میں کچھ اہم ادیبوں کی تازہ کتب کی تقریب اجرا بھی ہوتی ہے۔ جبکہ کہ بعض نایات ادبی کام خود ادارہ کراچی آرٹ کونسل شائع کرتا ہے اس کی بھی رونمائی کی جاتی ہے۔ ساتویں کانفرنس میں ان کتب کا اجرا کیا جائے گا۔
کراچی آرٹ کونس کی ویب سائیٹآرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ artscouncil.org.pk (Error: unknown archive URL)
Skimmer (utensil)

A skimmer is a flat, sieve-like scoop or spoon used for skimming cooking liquids or lifting ripened cream from milk, such as a spider used in Chinese cuisine.
Skimmers are widely used in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. In India, the skimmer is known as a "jhara" and is used in different cuisines, most actively in the making of fried foods such as sweets. Local street food stalls use it to make fried food items like bondas and medu vadas. In these countries, different types of skimmers can be obtained based on their use cases.
List of Jewelpets and Sweetspets

Jewelpets (ジュエルペット, Juerupetto) are fictional animals that debuted in the Jewelpet franchise created jointly by Sanrio and Sega Sammy Holdings. They are all named after famous birthstones and jewels, each with a different kind of jewel for their eyes, used for casting magic. In the entire franchise, there are a total of 42 Jewelpets in each species and class.
According to the franchise's backstory, the Jewelpets themselves were all born from jewels and minerals after a powerful magician used their magic to bring them to life. They live in a mystical place called Jewel Land, attending a school to learn more about magic and each of them were paired with their own human partners.
A Jewelpet's appearance depends on which species they are based on. They have small bodies with little arms and legs and a big head. Each Jewelpet has signature glass-like irises called Jewel Eyes, special eyes that are colored differently depending on their Magical Class. The eyes were used by a Jewelpet itself to cast magic; however, in order to master it, rigorous training should be done. Jewelpets can also walk using their legs but sometimes goes on all fours when running. They can also fly using magical broomsticks as well, but some pets like Rin, Io and Aqua don't use brooms to fly. This concept however was forgotten in the second series, Jewelpet Twinkle.
Each Jewelpet's size also depends on the species, with the biggest being Rald, who is the same size as a human being while the smallest is Charotte, who is much smaller than a regular-sized Jewelpet. Jewelpets are also capable of human speech and can understand both Jewel Landian language and human language altogether. However, a few exceptions were done to some, like Rald.
First debuting in the end of 2011, Sweetspets (スウィーツペット, Suwītsupetto) are a distant relative to the Jewelpets which are animals based entirely on desserts. Like the Jewelpets themselves, they share the same body size and aesthetics but differs due to the lack of Jewel Eyes and instead having some body parts made of sweets. All of the Sweetspets hail from Sweets Land, a country where everything is made of desserts and confectioneries.
They are also magicians, able to cast a magic spell called Sweets Flash and have an ability to regenerate their lost body parts on their bodies. It is explained in Jewelpet the Movie: Sweets Dance Princess that the regeneration ability is because of the Sweetspets getting their powers from the legendary Candy Tower, where all Sweetspets are born.
There are some pet characters who are not officially classified as a Jewelpet or a Sweetspet.
स्वरानंद प्रतिष्ठान

स्वरानंद ही संस्था ७ नोव्हेंबर १९७०रोजी स्थापन झाली आणि १९९५ साली तिचे नाव स्वरानंद प्रतिष्ठान झाले.
संस्थापक : विश्वनाथ ओक आणि हरीश देसाई संस्थापक आणि मानद अध्यक्ष : कै, गजानन वाटवे आजी-माजी अध्यक्ष, कार्याध्यक्ष, विश्वस्त आणि कार्यकारिणीचे सदस्य : यशवंत देव, सुधीर मोघे, प्रकाश भोंडे, अरुण नूलकर, शैला मुकुंद, गिरीश जोशी. वंदना खांडेकर, विजय मागीकर, वगैरे.
स्वरानंद ही संस्था ७ नोव्हेंबर १९७० रोजी स्थापन झाली आणि १९९५ साली तिचे नाव स्वरानंद प्रतिष्ठान झाले. इ.स. १९७० च्या सुमारास पुण्यातील विश्वनाथ ओक व हरीश देसाई यांनी 'आपली आवड' या शीर्षकाखाली प्रथमच मराठी वाद्यवृन्दाचा कार्यक्रम केला. त्याला त्या काळी प्रचंड प्रतिसाद मिळाला. त्यांचाबरोबर अरुण नूलकर , सुधीर दातार, अजित सोमण, सुहास तांबे, सुरेश करंदीकर, प्रकाश भोंडे या मित्रांनी सक्रिय सहभाग घेतला. पुढे विविध संकल्पनांवर आधारित कार्यक्रम होतच गेले. त्यातूनच स्वरानंद ही संस्था स्थापन झाली. केवळ मराठी सुगम संगीताचे रंगमंचीय कार्यक्रम करणारी 'स्वरानंद प्रतिष्ठान' ही तसे करणारी आद्य संस्था म्हणून ओळखली जाते.
'स्वरानंद' नेहमीच रसिकश्रोता हा केंद्रबिंदू मानत आली आहे व कार्यक्रमांची आखणी व बांधणी केली आहे. अडीच-तीन तास रसिकांचे मनोरंजन करण्यासाठी लोकप्रिय भावगीते, चित्रगीते, अभंग, लावणी, नाट्यगीते, कोळीगीते, लोकसंगीत आदी गानप्रकारांची गाणी स्वरानंदाच्या कार्यक्रमांत सादर होतात.
फक्त रंगमंचीय कार्यक्रम करणे हा संकुचित हेतू न ठेवता मराठी सुगम संगीतातील बुजुर्ग कवी, संगीतकार, गायक, वादक यांचे कृतज्ञतादर्शक सोहोळेही स्वरानंदतर्फे होत असतात.
ही संस्था संगीत विषयक कार्यशाळा, व्याख्याने, दृक्‌-श्राव्य कार्यक्रम वगैरे आयोजित करते. संस्थेचे सुसज्ज ग्रंथालय आहे आणि त्यांच्याकडे ध्वनिफितींचा मोठा संग्रहही आहे. मराठी भावगीतांचा इतिहास हा महत्त्वाचा प्रकल्प स्वरानंद प्रतिष्ठानने हाती घेतला आहे.
स्वरानंद प्रतिष्ठान ही संस्था संगीत क्षेत्रातील कलावंतांना नियमितपणे काही पुरस्कार देते. पुरस्काराचे स्वरूप पाच हजार रुपये रोख आणि सन्मान चिन्ह असे आहे. पुरस्काराची नावे :-
[१] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. ’स्वरानंद’ने केलेले कार्यक्रम
Gambeya africana

Gambeya africana is a medium-sized species of tree in the family Sapotaceae. Along with the closely related species Gambeya albida, it is sometimes known as African star apple. Both species have similar leaf indumentum and are widespread in the Lower and Upper Guinea forest mosaic.
Species reaches 25 meters in height, the trunk is straight, often grooved and angular with buttressed roots at the base. Bark is greyish brown to dark brown with white latex exuding from slash. Leaves simple and appear at the end of branches in tufts; petiole is 1.5-3.5 cm long, the abaxial surface has dense and appressed hairs and varies in color from pale brown to reddish-brown, adaxial surface is glabrous; leaf-blade is elliptical to oblong, 15-35 cm long and 5-13 cm wide, with 18-26 primary nerves on each side spaced 1-2 cm apart. Fruit is ovoid to globular shaped, with up to 5 shiny brown elliptical seeds; the fruit is rounded at the base, pointed or rounded at apex, 2.3-3 cm in diameter and up to 7 cm long, when ripe is it yellowish to orange colored.
Gambeya africana grows in West and Central Africa, from Guinea eastwards to Uganda and southwards to the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cabinda. It is commonly found in lowland rainforest vegetation, near rivers.
Latex is obtained from the tree bark and used for birdlime while the wood is often mixed with other African Gambeya species traded in the timber market. The fruit is edible though acidulous, while bark extracts are used in decoctions to improve digestion.
Caramboxin

Caramboxin (CBX) is a toxin found in star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) and the related bilimbi fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi). Individuals with some types of kidney disease are susceptible to adverse neurological effects including intoxication, seizures and even death after eating star fruit and bilimbi fruit. In 2013, caramboxin was identified as the neurotoxin responsible for these effects.
Caramboxin is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, with a chemical structure similar to the amino acid phenylalanine, but with extra hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxy substituents, making it also a phenol, a benzoic acid, and a phenol ether. Caramboxin stimulates the glutamate receptors in neurons, being an agonist of both NMDA and AMPA glutamatergic ionotropic receptors with potent excitatory, convulsant, and neurodegenerative properties, resulting in symptoms of central nervous system disorder, including mental confusion, seizures, and status epilepticus.
A possible interaction between caramboxin and oxalic acid in starfruit can lead to both neurotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Consuming large amounts of starfruit or its juice on an empty stomach is not recommended, even for individuals with normal kidney function. As caramboxin is water soluble, intense hemodialysis has often been used to improve the outcome for patients.
An enantioselective total synthesis of caramboxin was first published in 2024. It involves a catalytic phase-transfer alkylation of a glycine imine by ethyl acetoacetate.
Panorama of Hell

Panorama of Hell (Japanese: 地獄変, Hepburn: Jigokuhen) is a 1984 one shot Japanese horror manga by Hideshi Hino. It was published in the United States by Blast Books and in France as Panorama de l'enfer by Éditions IMHO in 2004. Star Fruit Books published the manga in English in 2023.
An artist describes his work, consisting of hellish views he paints using his own blood. He then introduces the reader to his unconventional family, and tells stories about his abusive parents, who escaped from Manchuria after World War II, and his violent childhood. Eventually, his plan to paint a final masterpiece, a full-scale "Hell on Earth" unfolds.
It was nominated for Best Album at the 2005 Angoulême International Comics Festival.
Jodi Balfour

Jodi Balfour (born 29 October 1986) is a South African actress. She won a Canadian Screen Award for her performance as Gladys Witham in the series Bomb Girls (2012–2013). She has since starred as Ellen Waverly Wilson in the Apple TV+ series For All Mankind (2019–2023).
Balfour grew up in Cape Town, South Africa. She was the co-host of the South African youth television series Bling in the early 2000s. She later studied drama at the University of Cape Town and competed in the Miss South Africa 2008 pageant.
Since her graduation in 2009, she has worked as an actor primarily in British and Canadian film and television productions.
She was cast as Gladys Witham in the Canadian television drama series Bomb Girls in 2013. She won a Canadian Screen Award for Best Lead Actress in a Television Film or Miniseries at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2015 for her performance in the series' follow-up television film Bomb Girls: Facing the Enemy.
In February 2015, she was cast in the Cinemax series Quarry. From 2019 to 2023, she starred in the Apple TV+ space drama series For All Mankind.
In 2017, Balfour portrayed Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in episode eight of The Crown’s second season.
In April 2022, she was cast in the Apple TV+ football sitcom Ted Lasso.
In the 2023 film Freud's Last Session, she portrayed the American psychoanalyst Dorothy Burlingham, the colleague and companion of Anna Freud.
Balfour was based in Vancouver, British Columbia, where in addition to her acting she is co-owner of Nelson the Seagull, a coffeehouse and bake shop in the city's Gastown neighborhood.
On 30 June 2021, she announced on Instagram that she identifies as queer, stating that she found it freeing to "finally embrace and explore [her] queerness." On 24 October 2021, Balfour announced on Instagram that she and Abbi Jacobson had been romantically involved for a year. As of June 2024, Jacobson and Balfour are married.
Imanishimwe Emmanuel

Myugariro w’ikipe y’igihugu y’u Rwanda Amavubi Emmanuel Imanishimwe uzwi nka Mangwende, wavutse ku ya 2 Gashyantare 1995
Imanishimwe Emmanuel yari amaze imyaka ine (4) akinira, APR FC nayo yagezemo avuye muri Rayon Sports yakiniye imyaka ibiri kuva 2015 kugeza 2017
Ku wa 03 Gashyantare 2019 ni bwo uyu musore yahagurutse i Kigali yerekeza muri FK Napredak Kruševac yo muri Serbia. Ni ikipe uyu musore yemeje ko yari yarangiwe na Dr Petrovic wahoze amutoza muri APR FC. Mangwende wari witezweho gusinyana na FK Napredak Kruševac amasezerano y’imyaka itatu, yageze muri Serbia ubuyobozi bw’iriya kipe busaba ko yayikinira nk’intizanyo mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu; ibintu APR FC yakiniraga yanze.
Imanishimwe yahagurutse ku Kibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cya Kigali i Kanombe saa saba z’ijoro rishyira ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 2021, yerekeza i Rabat muri Maroc.
Uyu mukinnyi w’imyaka 26, wari ugifite amasezerano muri APR FC, yaguzwe ibihumbi 130$ (agera kuri miliyoni 130 Frw) mu gihe we ubwe yahawe ibihumbi 300$ (miliyoni 300 Frw) ku masezerano y’imyaka itatu. Mbere yo guhagaruka i Kigali, Imanishimwe yashimiye ubuyobozi bwa APR FC ku mahirwe bwamuhaye yo kujya gukomereza urugendo rwe rwo gukinira umupira w’amaguru muri Shampiyona ya Maroc isanzwe ari iy’abanyamwuga.
Isaac Isinde

Isaac Isinde (wavutse ku ya 16 Mata 1991) ni umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri wa Uganda kuri ubu ukinira Hadiya Hossana nk'umukinnyi ukina hagati . Yatangiye gukina umupira w'amaguru mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Jinja, igihangange cya siporo mu burasirazuba bwa Uganda; aho yari asanzwe akora. Yatsindiye ibikombe 4 muri shampiyona, muri Etiyopiya ndetse n’ibikombe 2 bya FA bya Etiyopiya mu myaka 5 yakoranye na Saint George.
Isaac yakinnye umupira w'amaguru mu Nama Iganga Town Council, Simba, Victors yo muri Uganda, Saint George muri Etiyopiya, Buildcon FC muri Zambiya, na TRAU FC mu Buhinde.
Isaac yerekeje muri Buildcon FC nyuma yo kurangiza amasezerano yagiranye na St. George yo muri Etiyopiya, iminsi mike kugeza ku mukino w'anyuma w'igikombe cya Afurika cy’ibihugu aho yari muri Uganda , Isaac yatangiye gukinira Buildcon FC na TP Mazembe. Sitade Mwanawasa, Ndola, Isinde igaragara inyuma iburyo. Yatangiye bwa mbere muri shampiyona ya Zambiya ku ya 8 Mata 2017 na Real Nakonde FC maze umukino urangira banganyije 0-0.
Isinde yakinnye umukino we wa mbere mpuzamahanga n'ikipe nkuru y'igihugu ku ya 3 Werurwe 2010 muri Tanzaniya (2–3), aho yakinnye umukino wose. Ubu asanzwe mu ikipe y'igihugu yashyizweho kuva mu 2013 kandi ku myaka 25 y'amavuko yahamagawe mu ikipe y'igihugu inshuro 55.
Wheelchair sport classification

Intebe y'imikino yabamugaye ni uburyo bwagenewe kwemerera irushanwa ryiza hagati y’abafite ubumuga butandukanye, no kugabanya ingaruka z’ubumuga bwihariye bw’umuntu ku byavuye mu marushanwa. Imikino y’ibimuga ifitanye isano n’imvune y’umugongo, kandi ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bw’ubumuga burimo paraplegiya, quadriplegiya, dystrofiya yimitsi, syndrome ya polio na spina bifida . Ubumuga bugomba kuba bwujuje ibyangombwa byibura by'imikorere y'umubiri. Intebe y'imuga y'imikino na siporo kubantu bafite ibikomere byumugongo akenshi bishingiye kumyanya y'ibisebe by'umugongo hamwe n'ubumuga bwabo n'ubumuga.
Intebe y'imikino y'abamugaye imwe itandukanye muri siporo mu buryo bwihariye. Mu ruzitiro rw'abamugaye, intego yo gushyira mu byiciro ni ukwemeza ko abaterankunga bashyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku kugenda neza kugira ngo imyitozo yabo, urwego rw’ubuhanga, impano n'uburambe bigena ibizava mu mukino, ntabwo ari ubwoko bwabo bw'ubumuga. Ibi byishingira uburinganire muri siporo. Muri ruhago y’ibimuga, intego yo gushyira mu byiciro ni uguha imiterere siporo hagabanywa ingaruka z’ubumuga butandukanye bw’imikorere ku rukiko kuko bijyanye n’ibyavuye mu mukino.
Ubusanzwe, amasomo yakoreshejwe kuri WASI yashingiye ku mikino ngororamubiri hamwe nibisabwa mubindi siporo. Hano hari ibyiciro bine byo gukurikiranwa na munani kubirometero. Impinduka zaya masomo zishingiye ku mikorere yu mugongo zikoreshwa muyindi siporo. Aya masomo yatangiriye kumunsi wa mbere wa siporo yimuga ya bamugaye, mugihe sisitemu yo gutondekanya yari 1A , 1B , 1C , 2 , 3, 4, 5 na 6. Habayeho guhinduka kuva icyo gihe mubijyanye nu busobanuro bukora nubwo ibisobanuro by'ubuvuzi byaho biherereye aho igikomere cyo mugongo cyagumye bisa.
Gutondekanya akenshi siporo yihariye.
Ibyiciro by'ubuvuzi by'imikino y'abamugaye birashobora kuba bigizwe n'ubuvuzi bwoherejwe m'ubyiciro byubuvuzi muri federasiyo ya siporo. Umuganga w'umukinnyi wa siporo arashobora gusabwa gutanga amakuru menshi yubuvuzi harimo gupima ubuvuzi no gutakaza imikorere yose ijyanye nubuzima bwabo. Ibi birimo niba imiterere igenda itera imbere cyangwa ihamye, niba ari ibintu byavutse cyangwa byavutse. Irashobora kubamo gusaba amakuru kubijyanye n'ubuvuzi buteganijwe. Irashobora kandi kubamo gusaba imiti iyo ari yo yose umuntu afata. Inyandiko zishobora gusabwa harimo x imirasire, ibisubizo bya ASAI ibisubizo, cyangwa amanota ya Ashworth yahinduwe.
Kigali (sector)

Kigali is a sector (umurenge) in Kigali, Nyarugenge district, Rwanda. It is located in the west part of the city of Kigali.
Nyarugenge district is divided into 10 sectors (imirenge): Gitega, Kanyinya, Kigali, Kimisagara, Mageragere, Muhima, Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Nyarugenge, and Rwezamenyo.