davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
1978 (film)

1978 is a 2024 Argentinian horror film directed by Luciano and Nicolas Onetti and started by Agustin Pardella, Carlos Portaluppi, Mario Alarcon, Agustin Olcense, Maria Eugenia Rigon, Paula Silva among others. It's produced by black Mandala productions.
Set in 1978 in the final game between Holland and Argentine, a paramilitary squadron kidnapped the wrong people, a deadly cult.
The movie had a domestic release in the Buenos Aires Rojo festival of 2024 edition.
The release date in Argentine theaters was to be in March 2025.
During the 1978 FIFA World Cup Final between Argentina and the Netherlands, at the height of the military dictatorship, a group of torturers violently breaks into a home and abducts young people, taking them to a clandestine detention center.
What begins as a brutal interrogation soon turns into a nightmare—the captors have chosen the wrong victims. The abducted individuals belong to a dark cult controlled by an unknown supernatural force.
The secret detention center will become a true hell on Earth…
Augusto Pardella as Hugo
Carlos Portaluppi as Carancho
Agustin Olcense as Miguel
Santiago Rios as Alsina
Jorge Lorenzo as Baviera
Mario Alarcon as Moro
Paula Silva as Irene
Maria Eugenia Rigon as Diana
The movie had a domestic release in The Buenos Aires Rojo Sangre Festival in November 2024.
It was also screened in the Venezuelan horror festival El Grito.
The movie was to be released in Argentina theaters in March 2025.
Critics throwback the script and the effects.
Rotten Tomatoes gave 50% of approbation for 30 critics.
The website Surgeon of Horror praised the movie with these words "its methodical pacing, relentless, brutality and grotesque atmosphere can be overwhelming".
Scream Anarchy praised the special effects in the movie with the following words, "There is a good share of gore and violence that happens in the back half of the movie. The special effects by Onetti Brothers regular Yanel Castellano and newcomer to the fold, Melisa Ontivero, are good. This includes a moment when another regular Maria Eugenia Rigon (Abrakadabra, Scars) and her co-star Justina Ceballos neuter a member of the death squad".
Koati (film)

Koati is a hand-drawn animated feature film directed by Rodrigo Perez-Castro and produced by Upstairs Animation, Los Hijos de Jack, and Latin We. It was released in theaters on October 15, 2021. Executive produced by and starring Sofía Vergara, Koati tells a story of adventure, environmental awareness, and cultural pride. The film is produced simultaneously in both English and Spanish.
The film follows the adventures of three unlikely heroes from the fictional rainforest world of Xo: Nachi, a free-spirited coati (voiced by Rafael Dovarganes); Xochi, a fearless monarch butterfly (voiced by Evaluna Montaner); and Pako, a hyperactive glass frog (voiced by Eduardo Franco). Together, they embark on a mission to stop the nefarious coral snake Zaina (voiced by Sofía Vergara) from destroying their homeland. Along the way, the characters learn lessons about unity, resilience, and the importance of protecting their ecosystem.
Koati is the first animated feature film produced by Upstairs Animation. The production presents a primarily Latin American creative team, with key contributors from various countries in the region, including Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Argentina. Director Rodrigo Perez-Castro, known for his work on Ferdinand and Rio 2, envisioned a film that would pay homage to Latin America's natural beauty while rekindling the nostalgic charm of traditional 2D animation.
The animation was created by Toon City Animation, a studio with a long history of collaboration with Disney. According to Perez-Castro, the team drew inspiration from classics like The Little Mermaid and Bambi, aiming to create a visually rich and naturalistic portrayal of the animal kingdom.
Latin singer Marc Anthony was the executive musical producer.
The TV series, Koati: Animated Series, was announced in 2022 and is also to be voiced by Sofía Vergara.
National University of Tucumán

The National University of Tucumán (Spanish: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; UNT) is an Argentine national university located in Tucumán Province and the largest in Argentina's northwest region. Founded on 25 May 1914 in San Miguel de Tucumán, access to the university is unrestricted and free of charge.
The university comprises 13 schools, 7 high schools, and 3 museums.
26°50′32″S 65°13′53″W﻿ / ﻿26.8422°S 65.2313°W﻿ / -26.8422; -65.2313
Cazzu

Julieta Emilia Cazzuchelli (born 16 December 1993), known professionally as Cazzu, is an Argentine rapper and singer. Born and raised in Fraile Pintado, Jujuy, she gained popularity with her singles "Loca", "Toda", "Pa Mi" and "Chapiadora".
Julieta Emilia Cazzuchelli was born on 16 December 1993 in Fraile Pintado, Jujuy to an Argentine mother and to an Italian immigrant father. She had been interested in music since she was eleven years old. She started singing with her father, who was also a musician and who inspired her to become one. When she finished high school, she moved to Tucumán to study cinematography and, some time after, she moved to the Buenos Aires Province to study graphic design.
Cazzu started her musical career as a cumbia singer and then as a rock singer. After kicking off her music career in cumbia and rock, she tested the waters in the urban scene, dropping real unapologetic songs about female empowerment. She started her musical career as Cazzu as an independent artist, paying for her first recordings and video clips. In an interview with Billboard Argentina, she said: "For me, Cazzu is everything I want to be. She's my alter ego, she's a damn superhero."
She gained popularity in the Latin trap music scene after the release of her collaboration "Loca" with fellow Argentine rappers Khea and Duki. The song became even more popular after Bad Bunny joined for the remix.
San Miguel de Tucumán Cathedral

The Our Lady of the Incarnation Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación de San Miguel de Tucumán), also called San Miguel de Tucumán Cathedral, is the mother church of the city of San Miguel de Tucuman, in the province of Tucuman, in the South American country of Argentina. The temple was founded in the sixteenth century and is home to the metropolitana Archdiocese of Tucuman.
The foundations of this cathedral building date from the period of the definitive founding of the city of San Miguel de Tucuman in 1685, long remained a humble building adobes with gabled of "musleras tiles" then keeping some simple style details Hispanic American colonial baroque.
In the mid-nineteenth century it is that parts began with the plans of the architect of Basque origin and French Pierre Etcheverry, such work is what has left virtually the building with the current appearance, being developed for the provincial government of Celedonio Gutierrez and inaugurated on February 19, 1856.
26°49′53″S 65°12′12″W﻿ / ﻿26.8314°S 65.2034°W﻿ / -26.8314; -65.2034
Parvaz Homay

Parvaz Homay (Persian: پرواز همای; born 9 February 1980) is an Iranian composer, lyricist, vocalist, and performer specializing in Persian classical-style music. Also known by his birth name Saeid Jafarzadeh Ahmadsargurabi (سعید جعفرزاده احمدسرگورابی), he is the founder and leader of the Mastan Ensemble.
Homay was born in Gilan, a province located in the northwest portion of Iran, bordering the Caspian Sea. From an early age, Homay showed an interest in the arts. At the age of 15, he began singing and acting in theater. At 16, he entered art school, receiving his diploma in painting.
At 19, he left theater school and decided to study musical harmonization and composition, focusing on piano and setar. He received his formal education in art studies and pursued his degree from The Conservatory of Music in Tehran, Iran.
Province of Terni

The province of Terni (Italian: provincia di Terni) is the smaller of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising one-third of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Terni. The province came into being in 1927, when it was carved out of the original unitary province of Umbria.
The province of Terni has an area of 2,122 km and a population of 228,836 (2016). There are 33 comuni (sg.: comune) in the province.
In June 2006, the only comuni (municipalities) with a population over 10,000 were Terni, Orvieto, Narni and Amelia.
It is bordered to the north with the province of Perugia, to the east, south and west with the Lazio (province of Rieti and province of Viterbo) and to north-west with the Tuscany (province of Siena). The province extends into the south-west of the Umbria region, occupying the last section of the Nera Valley near the confluence with the River Velino, and the eastern part of the valley of the Tiber Valley.
The province of Terni is characterized by its slopes encountered along the path of rivers, allowing the exploitation of hydro catchment areas, so as to have led to the creation of several artificial lakes:
In the 2nd millennium BC the province was occupied by a population called Umbri, who founded the cities of Amelia, Narnia Nahars, Otricolum and Interamna Nahars. With the development of the Etruscan civilization, their territory was reduced to the valleys of the Black and Velino. One of the most important and richest Etruscan cities in province of Terni was Orvieto and an unidentified place called Fanum Voltumnae. For centuries, Umbrian and Etruscan fought hard for the rule of the Tiber Valley, until, in 299 BC when Roman legions began the invasion of Umbria.
The provincial territory was part of the Roman Republic and then the Roman Empire until the latter's western part fell in the 5th century AD. In 571 the Lombards, after invading the Po Plain, went down the Apennines and, in 575, founded the Duchy of Spoleto in what is now Umbria and the neighbouring areas; this state remained formally independent until 1250. In 1527 Terni was used a camp of the Landsknecht army that would subsequently take part in the Sack of Rome and fought at Spoleto and Todi, where the League of Cognac troops were located.
Before the late-19th century industrial development, Terni was a small center with some 15,000 inhabitants in 1881. In 1921 it had grown to 40,000 inhabitants. In 1926 it became the seat of a separate province, detached from Perugia, including the countryside around the main centres of Terni and Orvieto.
42°34′N 12°39′E﻿ / ﻿42.567°N 12.650°E﻿ / 42.567; 12.650
Waborana

Waborana Oromo (ambao pia huitwa Boran) ni kabila lipatikanalo Kusini mwa Ethiopia, Oromia na Kaskazini mwa Kenya ambao wanajulikana kuwa wafugaji. Wao ni kundi dogo la Waoromo. Wanawakilisha nusu ya makundi mawili ya Waoromo asili, nusu nyingine ikiwa Wabarentu. Takribani watu milioni 7 wanajitambulisha kama jamii ya Waborana.
Waoromo wa Kaskazini mwa Kenya waliingia eneo hilo mara ya kwanza kutoka Kusini mwa Ethiopia wakati wa uhamiaji mkubwa wa Karne ya 10. Walitawanyika kuwa Waborana wafuga ng'ombe na wafuga ngamia, Wagabra na Wasakuye.
Waborana huzungumza Kiborana (au afaani Boraana), ambayo ni mojawapo ya Lugha za Kikushi ambayo pia ni mojawapo ya makundi makubwa ya Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia.
Inaaminika kuwa Waborana wana Kalenda yao waliyoitunga karibu miaka ya 300 KK. Kalenda yao hutegemea matukio ya anga ya mwezi pamoja na Nyota Saba.
Miezi ya Kiborana (Mizunguko ya miezi na nyota) ni:
Waoromo wanajumuisha makundi mawili muhimu, ambayo hugawanyika katika koo nyingi za kifamilia. Kutoka Magharibi kuelekea Mashariki na Kaskazini kuelekea Kusini, matabaka hayo ni:
Kuna vikundi vingine vingi pia.
Muthaiga Country Club

The Muthaiga Country Club is a country club in Nairobi, Kenya. It is located in the suburb of Muthaiga, about 15 minutes’ drive from the city centre.
The Muthaiga Country Club opened on New Year's Eve in 1913, and became a gathering place for the colonial British settlers in British East Africa, which became the Colony of Kenya in 1920.
One of the club's main founders was The Hon Berkeley Cole (1882–1925), an Anglo-Irish aristocrat from Ulster. Cole was a son of The 4th Earl of Enniskillen and was a brother of The Hon Lowry Cole (1881–1929). Berkeley Cole was also the brother-in-law of Hugh, Lord Delamere, effective 'founder' of the White community in Kenya.
Caroline Elkins describes the club as having had a reputation during colonial times as "the Moulin Rouge of Africa", where the elite "drank champagne and pink gin for breakfast, played cards, danced through the night, and generally woke up with someone else's spouse in the morning." According to Ulf Aschan, "The club had a rule, still in force today, that a member is entitled to damage any loose property as long as he pays double its value."
Today, the club is still frequented by the upper echelons of Kenyan society. In addition to social gatherings, the club offers accommodation. Many of its members play golf at the nearby Muthaiga Golf Club.
The Muthaiga Country Club is described in Beryl Markham's 1942 memoir West with the Night: "'Na Kupa Hati M'zuri' (I Bring You Good Fortune) was, in my time, engraved in the stone of its great fireplace. Its broad lounge, its bar, its dining-room—none so elaborately furnished as to make a rough-handed hunter pause at its door, nor yet so dowdy as to make a diamond pendant swing ill at ease—were rooms in which the people who made the Africa I knew danced and talked and laughed, hour after hour."
Evelyn Waugh describes the Muthaiga Country Club in his 1931 travel book Remote People (also included in the anthology When the Going Was Good). Whilst Waugh was unable to find accommodation on the premises, he discovered, upon his arrival in Nairobi, to be already a temporary member, as he had been registered by the secretary of the club who knew about his arrival.
The club is featured in Lucinda Riley's 2019 novel The Sun Sister, the sixth book in the author's The Seven Sisters series.
The club is also mentioned in Ernest Hemingway's short story The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber, a story centered around big game hunting in Kenya.
හින්දුස්තානී ශාස්ත්‍රීය සංගීතය

හින්දුස්තානී ශාස්ත්‍රීය සංගීතය (හින්දි: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत, උර්දු: ہندوستانی شاستریہ سنگیت) යනු ලෝකයේ පවතින ප්‍රධාන සංගීත පද්ධති අතරින් එකකි. උතුරු ඉන්දියාව නොහොත් උත්තර හාරතය මූලික කරගනිමින් මෙය ආරම්භ වී ඈත. ක්‍රි.ව. 12 වනි ශත වර්ෂය පමණ කාලයේ ආරම්භවී ඈත. උතුරු ඉන්දියාව,දකුණු ඉන්දියාව, බංගලාදේශය, පාකිස්තානය ඈතුළුව දකුණු ආසියාව පුරාම මෙය පෑතිර ඈත. මෙය ප්‍රධාන කොටස් දෙකකට බෙදේ. එනම්; ඉන්දීය ශාස්ත්‍රීය සංගීතය හා කර්ණාටක සංගීතය යනුවෙනි. කර්ණාටක සංගීතය භාවිතා කරන්නේ දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේ ය.
දොළොස් වැනි සියවසේ දී පමණ, හින්දුස්ථානි සම්භාව්‍ය සංගීතය ප්‍රභවය වූූයේ පසුකාලීන ව ක්‍රමයෙන් "කර්ණාටික සම්භාව්‍ය සංගීතය" ‌ ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌‌ෙන්න ට වුණු සංගීත සම්ප්‍රදායෙනි. හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතය මූළීක ව ම රාග යන් හි සකලාංගයන් වල වැඩි දියුණු කිරීම හා ප්‍රසාරණය කිරීම කෙරෙහි වැඩි අවධරණයක් යොමු කරන අතර කර්ණාටික සංගීතය මූළික ව ම සංගතීන්-පදනම් කර ගත් (composition-based) එකකි. ‌මේ සංගීත පද්ධතින් ‌‌දෙකෙහි ම මධ්‍යගත සංකල්පය වන්නේ, ".තාල" නමැති රිද්මීය චක්‍රයක ට අනුව ගැයෙන (notion) "සංගීත මාදිළිය" (musical mode) ‌ේ " රාග " යි.
==== හින්දුස්ථානි සංගීතයේ මූළධර්ම ====භාරතීය සංගීතයට ගාන සමය හදුන්වා දුන්නේ කවුද?
හින්දුස්තානී සංගීත භාණ්ඩ වර්ගීකරණය උත්තර භාරතයට අයත් සංගීත භාණ්ඩ හින්දුස්තානී සංගීත භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්විය හැකිය.හින්දුස්තානී සංගීත භාණ්ඩ ප්‍රධාන කොටස් 4කට බෙදා දැක්විය හැකිය. 1)තත් වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 2)ඝන වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 3)අවනද්ධ වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 4)සුශිර වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 01) තත් වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🎻 තත් හෙවත් කම්බි කම්පනය කිරීමෙන් නාදය උපදවා ගන්නා භාණ්ඩ තත් වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්වේ.ස්වර වාදනය කල හැකි මෙම භාණ්ඩ සුසර කර ගැනීමට යතුරු(pegs) භාවිතා කරයි.මෙම භාණ්ඩ වාදනය කිරීමට අලුවක් හෝ මිස්රාබයක් යොදා ගනී.උදාහරණ ලෙස,වයලීනය,සිතාරය,එස්රාජය,සන්තූර්,තාම්පුරාව,ස්වර මණ්ඩලය,සාරංගි,සරෝද්,දිල්රුබාව 02)ඝන වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🔔 ලෝහ වැනි ඝන ද්‍රව්‍ය ආධාරයෙන් ශබ්දය නිපදවා ගන්නා භාණ්ඩ ඝන වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්විය හැකිය.ලෝහ පෘෂ්ඨ දෙකක් එකට ඝට්ටනය වීමෙන් ශබ්දය උපදී.මේවායෙන් ස්වර වාදනය කල නොහැකි අතර තාලය පවත්වාගෙන යාමට මෙම භාණ්ඩ භාවිතා කරයි.උදාහරණ ලෙස,තාලම්පට,ජලතරංග,ගෙජ්ජි 03)අවනද්ධ වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🥁 සතුන්ගේ සම් යොදා ගෙන නිර්මාණය කරන භාණ්ඩ අවනද්ධ භාණ්ඩය ලෙස හැදින්වේ.සමට තැලීමෙන් ශබ්දය නිපදවා ගන්නා මේවා තාලය පවත්වා ගැනීමට භාවිතා කරයි.උදාහරණ ලෙස,තබ්ලාව,ඩෝල්කිය,මද්දලය 04)සුශිර වාද්‍ය භාණ්ඩ 🎺 සුලගේ ආධාරයෙන් ශබ්දය නිපදවා ගන්නා භාණ්ඩ ලෙස හැදින්වේ.වායු කදන් කම්පනය වීමෙන් නාදය උපදී.ස්වර වාදනය සදහා යොදා ගනී.උදාහරණ ලෙස,බටනලාව,ශෙනායි,සර්පිනාව,ශ්‍රැති පෙට්ටිය
මෙම සංගීතයේ රාග විශේෂිත වූ අංගයක් වේ. රාගයකදී ස්වර 5කට නොඅඩු යම් ස්වර සමුදායක් ආරෝහණ,අවරෝහණ ලෙස ගායනා කරයි.
රාග ඉපද වීමට හැකි විශේෂිතවූ ස්වර සමුදාය ථාටය,මේලය ලෙස හඳුන්වයි. මෙවැනි මේල 10ක් පණ්ඩිත් විෂ්ණු නාරායන් භාත්ඛණ්ඩේ පඬිතුමා විසින් හඳුන්වා දී ඇත.
මේල 10
1. යමන් [කල්‍යාණ] 2. බිලාවල් 3. කාෆි 4. භෛරව 5. භෛරවී 6. ඛමාජ් 7. ආශාවරී 8. පූර්වී 9. මාර්වා 10.තෝඩි
පසල් සංගීතය

කන්ට්‍රි මියුසික් හෙවත් පසල් සංගීතය යනු මූලිකව ම දකුණු දිග එක්සත් ජනපදවල සහ ඇපාචියන් කඳුකරයේ බිහිවූ ජනල්‍රිය සංගීත මිශ්‍රණයකි. එහි මුල් සාම්පරයු දායික ජන සංගීතය කෙල්ටික් සංගීතය බ්ලූස් ගොස්පල් සංගීතය හෝකුම් සහ පැරණි යුගයේ සංගීතය දක්වා දිවෙන අතර 1920 දශකයේ දී මෙය සීඝරතයකයෙන් ව්යාපප්ත විය. මේ සඳහා මුලින් භාවිත වූ හිල්බිලි මියුසික් යන්න බැහැර වන විට 1940 දශකයේ දී කන්ටිරවූ මියුසික් යන්න ආදේශ විය. මෙම වදන 1970 දශකයේ දී වඩාත් ව්යාබප්ත වූ අතර ඉන් පසුව කන්ටිර්ට සහ වෙස්ටර්න් සංගීතය කර්ස මයෙන් පහව යන්නට විය. කෙසේ වුවද එක්සත් රාජධානියේ තවමත් මෙම සංගීත රටාව බහුලව භාවිතා වේ. වයඹදිග එක්සත් ජනපදවල විවිධ ජාතීන් ට අයත් කණ්ඩායම් විසින් නිමැවූ වෙස්ටර්න් මියුසික් යන්න ත් සමග කන්ටිරරණ සහ වෙස්ටර්න් මියුසික් යන්න පොදු වදනක් සේ භාවිතා විය. කන්ටිර/e සංගීතය එදා මෙදා තුල වැඩිම අලෙවියක් වාර්තා කළ ගායකයෝ දෙදෙනෙක් බිහිකිරීමට සමත් විය. ඉන් එක් අයෙකු වූ එල්විස් ප්රෙමස්ලි මුල් කාලයේ හිල්බිලි කැට් යන නාමයෙන් හැඳින්වූ අතර ලූසියානා හේරයිඞ් නම් රූපවාහිනී වැඩසටහනේ නිරන්තර පෙනී සිටින්නෙක් විය. ඔහු පසුව එකල නැගී එන සංගීතයක් වූ රොක් ඇන්ඞ් රෝල් අර්ථ නිරූපණය කළ ශිල්පියා බවට පත් විය. අනෙක් අලෙවි වාර්තා තැබූ ගායකයා වූයේ ගාර්ත් බෲක්ස් ය. වැඩිම ආදායමක් ලැබූ කන්ටිරයි ගායකයෙකු වූ ඔහු 1990 දශකයේ අග භාගයේ කුඩා කාලයකට හැරුණු කොට සම්පූර්ණයෙන් ම කන්ටිරයු ගායකයෙකු ලෙස කටයුතු කළේ ය. බොහෝ සංගීත කර90 ම වල අලෙවිය අඩු වූවද 2006 වසරේදී කන්ටිරන් සංගීතය එහි හොඳම වසරක් වාර්තා කළේ ය. අමෙරිකාවේ කන්ටිරපව ඇල්බම අලෙවිය සියයට 17.7 කින් වැඩිවූ අතර එය පරරණ මාණාත්මකව මිලියන 36 ක් විය. මීට අමතරව ගුවන් විදුලි වර්ගීකරණ සමාගම් දත්ත අනුව එක්සත් ජනපදය පුරා කන්ටිරනා සංගීතයට සවන් දෙන්නෝ පරඩා මාණය පසුගිය දශකය පුරාම සතියකට වැඩිහිටියන් මිලියන 77.3 ක ඒකාකාරී තත්වයකින් පැවතිණ. කන්ටිරීා මියුසික් යන පදය බොහෝ ශෛලීන් පරයය භේදයන් සහ අනු පරුව භේදයන් වෙනුවෙන් භාවිත කරනු ලබයි.
රාග (සංගීතය)

රාග යනු විවිධ ස්වර මාලිකාවන්ට අනුකූලව ගොඩනැගුණු ආරෝහණ, අවරෝහණ ස්වර පිළිවෙලකි. මෙය හින්දුස්ථානී සංගීතය තුල මෙන් ම කර්ණාඨක සංගීතය තුල ද දක්නට ලැබේ. මෙම රාග නිසා භාරතයේ රාගධාරී සංගීතය ගොඩනැගී ඇත.
භාරතයෙහි හින්දුස්ථානී සංගීත පද්ධතිය ය‍ටතේ එකල රාග 32ක් වූ අතර පසුව භරතමුණි පඬිතුමා විසින් එය රාග 18 ක් දක්වා සීමා කෙරිණි.
Otara Gunewardene

Otara Gunewardene (Sinhala: ඔටාරා ගුණවර්ධන) is a Sri Lankan entrepreneur, animal welfare advocate, conservationist and philanthropist. She is the founder of ODEL, Embark and Otara Foundation.
Otara Del Gunawardene was born on 30 August 1964 in Colombo, Sri Lanka the third child to Norman and Delysia Gunewardene. Her father was a former Chairman of Aitken Spence and her mother, Delysia, established the Chitra Lane School for differently-abled children.
Gunawardene attended C. M. S. Ladies College in Colombo, where she excelled in athletics and swimming, representing the country. Gunawardene graduated from Bowling Green State University, Ohio with a degree in biology.
Whilst on holiday back home, she did some fashion modelling – shooting for high-profile brands and international apparel catalogues right after graduating from University.
In 1989, Gunawardene began selling factory surplus garments and apparel from her car boot to family and friends. In 1990 she opened her first store, ODEL, on Dickmans Road in Colombo and by 2010 had eighteen stores throughout Colombo.
In 2007 Gunewardene launched the Otara foundation, a non-profit organisation which focuses on environmental and wildlife conservation of Sri Lanka. In 2007 she also launched the fashion brand, Embark, some of the income from which is donated to fund eradication of rabies, canine vaccinations, sterilisation surgeries, puppy adoptions, and caring for injured street dogs.
In February 2010 she converted ODEL into a public limited liability company and it became the first fashion retail business to be listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange. On 11 September 2014 Gunewardene sold of all her shares in ODEL PLC to the Softlogic Group, to concentrate on Embark.
In 2015 Embark opened its first standalone store in Galle, which was followed by an additional three stores in Kandy City Centre, Bandaranaike International Airport and at Dickmans Road in Colombo. In September 2017 Embark opened its tenth store in K-Zone Ja-Ela.
In 2015, Gunewardene launched a campaign asking the government to enact the proposed Animal Welfare Bill which gained over 100,000 signatures and led to the Cabinet Approval of the said bill at the time. This inspired a trend of creating petitions for social causes in the country. She continues to advocate for the revival and expedient of the Animal Welfare Bill, passing of which is continues to be stagnant.
In 2016, she launched a campaign against the Dehiwala zoo which resulted in the zoo improving the conditions in which wild animals are kept.
In 2020, she launched an online platform, Who We Are, to promote Sri Lankan entrepreneurs and small businesses who sell local, eco-friendly, ethically-sourced, cruelty-free and sustainable products.
Gunewardene has achieved wide recognition in Sri Lanka and internationally.
In 1990, Gunewardene married Raju Chandiram, with whom she had two sons, in 1994 and 2000. The couple separated in 2006. Chandiram served as a senior executive at Odel and following their divorce subsequently served as a Director on the Sri Lankan Airlines board from May 2005 until March 2008.
Climate change in popular culture

References to climate change in popular culture have existed since the late 20th century and increased in the 21st century. Climate change, its impacts, and related human-environment interactions have been featured in nonfiction books and documentaries, but also literature, film, music, television shows and video games.
Science historian Naomi Oreskes noted in 2005 "a huge disconnect between what professional scientists have studied and learned in the last 30 years, and what is out there in the popular culture." An academic study in 2000 contrasted the relatively rapid acceptance of ozone depletion as reflected in popular culture with the much slower acceptance of the scientific consensus on climate change. Cultural responses have been posited as an important part of communicating climate change, but commentators have noted covering the topic has posed challenges due to its abstract nature. The prominence of climate change in popular culture increased during the 2010s, influenced by the climate movement, shifts in public opinion and changes in media coverage.
An important tool for evaluating the presence of climate change in popular culture is the Climate Reality Check. Like the Bechdel Test, it is a simple tool for evaluating climate change in any form of media, and consists of two conditions: "Climate change exists" in a narrative, and "a character knows it." An analysis of 250 of the most popular fictional films released between 2013 and 2022 and set in the present, recent past, or future found that only 12.8% passed the first part of the Climate Reality Check, and 9.6% passed the second part.
A study of 250 of the most-watched fictional films released between 2013 and 2022 found that climate change existed in 12.8% of these films, while a global environmental problem (climate change, freshwater pollution, marine pollution, air pollution, deforestation, species extinction and biodiversity decline, or toxic waste) existed in 26%. The presence of climate change, as well as common climate impacts, increased substantially over time. But when climate change and other environmental problems were present, they were generally mentioned in just one or two scenes, and their gravity and/or urgency was not emphasized.
Some films that have been identified as containing descriptions of or references to climate change include:
This refers to the classification non-fiction, without regard to whether the books are accurate or intended to be accurate.
Climate change has been a topic of some popular music, particularly during the 2010s. The topic has been discussed in various genres, including pop, folk, electronic music and heavy metal. The New York Times found 192 references to climate change in English-language songs that entered the Billboard charts between 1999 and 2019, with around half of those (87 songs) between 2015 and 2019.
Iraj Weeraratne

Iraj Weeraratne (born 21 February 1981) known by the stage-name IRAJ, is a Sri Lankan rapper, music producer and DJ. Weeraratne had a television show on TV Derana called Iraj Show. He was the first person to introduce Sinhala rap as well as Tamil rap to Sri Lanka in 2004.
He won the best keyboardist title which was awarded by Guildhall Music School at the age of 16. He later teamed up with his schoolmates Ranidu Lankage and Yauwana Wigneswaran to form a band titled Zealots while still studying at the Royal College, Colombo. He owns the Bongohd firm in Bangladesh.
His first South Indian composition together with Vijay Anthony featured in the 2009 Tamil film, Vettaikaaran, starring Kollywood star Vijay and was ranked number one in the Chennai Charts.
In August 2020, he was appointed as the board member of National Youth Service Council by Namal Rajapaksa and he was supposed to serve in the relevant position for a period of three years. However, a year later after his appointment he resigned from the position citing unavoidable poor work-related commitments.
During several election periods in Sri Lanka, Iraj engaged in activism on social media platforms in support of the Rajapaksa family. Iraj has been accused of participating in propaganda campaigns to promote the party he supports to the public. He has been more involved in the media and acts as a public figure that has exacerbated these allegations.
In 2023, Iraj has been sitting under heavy backlash and calls for boycotts due to his affiliation with Namal Rajapaksa and Yoshitha Rajapaksa. His public support for the Gotabaya Rajapaksa government during the Galle Face 2022 Sri Lankan protests met with criticism. Critics highlighted his social media posts condemning the protestors and saw his work in countering their efforts to breed discontent among activists and citizens. It was fed by numerous incidents, including last May when a group of protestors stoned his family home, a moment of escalating tensions between the government and citizens during Sri Lankan economic crisis.
Climate change in Eswatini

Eswatini, a landlocked nation located in Southern Africa, is characterized by a subtropical climate that features wet and hot summers as well as cold and dry winters. The country has expressed concern regarding the impact of climate change on its existing social challenges, which include but are not limited to issues such as poverty, a high prevalence of HIV, and food insecurity. Furthermore, it is anticipated that climate change will significantly impede the country's development progress, by Vision 2022.
The GHG mitigation assessment indicates that Eswatini emitted 4.5 million tonnes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (equivalent to CO2) in the year 2017. The primary contributors to these emissions were the energy sector, as well as agriculture, forestry, and land use, accounting for 39% and 56% of the total emissions, respectively. Industrial processes and waste were also significant contributors.
The mean annual rainfall in Swaziland varies from approximately 1,500 mm in the northern Highveld to 500 mm in the southern lowland. The rainiest periods occur from November to February, coinciding with the typically hottest time of the year. The mean monthly temperature ranges from 15 °C to 23.4 °C. During this period, the mean monthly precipitation ranges from 11.9 mm in June to 143.3 mm in January. As a result, the country experiences an average annual rainfall of over 800 mm, based on the latest climatology from 1991-2020.
Swaziland is situated in the summer rainfall region of the subcontinent, where approximately 80% of the precipitation occurs during the summer months, specifically from October to March. The climate also experiences significant temperature and precipitation variations from west to east due to an altitude decrease of around 4,000 feet over a distance of about 80 kilometers.
Climate change is expected to adversely affect Swaziland's health sector. Increased temperatures may lead to a rise in vector-borne diseases, posing a significant threat.
Severe droughts have rendered 25% of the population in Swaziland vulnerable, facing challenges of food and water insecurity. These consequences are linked to climate change impacts.
Climate change is anticipated to cause overall warming and drying in Swaziland, leading to more frequent and intense droughts and floods. Adaptation initiatives focus on managing water resources in response to these changes.
Climate change has been attributed to the decline in food production in Swaziland. Visible effects underscore the reality and urgency of addressing climate change impacts.
The government of Swaziland has taken several steps to mitigate and adapt to climate change. These include the development of a National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, which outlines the country's vision and objectives for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The country has also implemented a number of projects aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting renewable energy, including the installation of solar panels on public buildings and the promotion of energy-efficient lighting.
Es krim goreng

Es krim goreng adalah sebuah makanan penutup berupa es krim yang digoreng. Es krim goreng memiliki varian Amerika Utara dan Asia.
Makanan ini dibuat dengan mengambil satu sendok es krim yang sangat dingin dan terjaga suhunya, dan diolesi dengan telur mentah, digulingkan dengan sereal jagung atau remah-remah biskuit, dan digoreng dalam waktu sebentar. Suhu es krim yang sangat dingin tidak akan membuatnya meleleh saat digoreng. Setelah selesai digoreng, es krim ini diberi kayu manis, gula atau sedikit sentuhan daun mint, walaupun krim kocok dan madu kadang juga ditambahkan.
Walaupun kuning telur di es krim goreng digoreng, telur itu masih mentah dikarenakan suhu es krim yang sangat rendah. Jika telur itu tidak dimasak atau disimpan dengan baik, maka pemakannya akan mengalami keracunan salmonella.
Di restoran Cina dan Jepang, es krim goreng menjadi makanan penutup yang populer. Resep es krim goreng di restoran seperti ini menggunakan tempura, bukan sereal jagung. Rasa es krim goreng yang paling populer adalah teh hijau, vanili, dan kacang merah. Walaupun serpihan kelapa juga bisa ditambahkan.
Ada cerita yang saling bertentangan tentang asal makanan penutup. Beberapa mengklaim bahwa itu pertama kali disajikan selama 1893 Chicago World's Fair, di mana es krim sundae juga ditemukan. Meskipun pada tahun 1894, sebuah perusahaan Philadelphia diberi kredit untuk penemuannya yang menggambarkan: "[kue] es krim yang kecil dan padat diselimuti dalam selembar tipis kerak pai dan kemudian dicelupkan ke dalam lembi mendidih atau mentega untuk memasak bagian luar hingga garing. Disajikan segera, es krim ditemukan beku seperti yang pertama kali disiapkan." Klaim ketiga, dimulai pada 1960-an, mengusulkan bahwa es krim goreng ditemukan dalam proses yang mirip dengan tempura Jepang.
Ini mungkin berasal sebagian dari Baked Alaska, yang berasal dari abad ke-18, yang menempatkan es krim di bawah meringue yang dipanggang dengan cepat.
Es krim spaghetti

Spaghettieis (dibaca "Spaghetti ice") adalah sebuah es krim dari Jerman. Keunikan es krim spaghetti adalah bentuk es krim yang menyerupai spaghetti. Es krim spaghetti dibuat oleh Dario Fontanella, seorang Jerman pada tahun 60-an di Mannheim. Es krim vannila dicetak dengan mesin pencetak mie, sehingga berbentuk seperti mie/spaghetti. Kemudian es krim tersebut diberi krim kocok dan selai stroberi (sebagai saus tomat) dan parutan kelapa, badam yang dihancurkan, atau cokelat putih (sebagai keju parmesan). Walaupun menarik, es krim spaghetti tidak begitu terkenal di luar Eropa, namun es krim spaghetti bisa ditemukan di toko es krim gelato, di acara spesial dan restoran mewah di Amerika Utara, Selatan, Asia, Australia dan seluruh dunia.
Es krim spaghetti tidak begitu terkenal di Indonesia, salah satunya tempat yang menyediakan es krim spaghetti adalah rumah makan Es Krim Ragusa Diarsipkan 2010-10-20 di Wayback Machine. yang terletak di Jl. Veteran, Jakarta Pusat.
Victor Segalen

Victor Segalen (brezhonekaet da Viktor Segalen moarvat) (1878-1919) zo ur mezeg-mor skrivagner, barzh, arkeologour ha sinologour breizhat en deus degaset da soñj donded sevenadurioù ar Reter-Pellañ (Sina ha Japan) hag Okeania. Lakaet en deus war wel oberenn al livour Paul Gauguin ivez.
Ganet eo bet e Brest d'ar 14 a viz Genver 1878 er straed Massillon. E dad-kozh a oa mab bastard d'ur vatezh ganet e Plabenneg hag e oa Segalen hec'h anv-familh dezhi. Ur wech tapet e vachelouriezh e krogas gant studi ar vezegiezh-vor e Bourdel ken ez eas da zoktor e 1902. Lestrañ a reas da Bolinezia hag e tilestras e 1903 war enezenn Tuamotu hag en Inizi Markiz e-lec'h ma kavas roudoù Paul Gauguin, a oa marvet eno tri miz a-raok. Eno e kejas ouzh stuzegezhioù all, hini ar Vaoried peurvuiañ. E 1905 e tistroas da Vrest hag e timezas. Kregiñ a reas gant studi ar sinaeg ha hini an arkeologiezh e Pariz (Skolaj Bro-C'hall ha Skol Yezhoù ar Reter). Gant ar c'hont Auguste Gilbert de Voisins, ur beajour pinvidik, e savas un ergerzhadeg e kreiz Sina. Eus 1908 betek 1910 e reas furchadennoù hag e veajas betek Tibet. Kemer a reas perzh e kavadenn bez an impalaer Qin Shi Huang, unaner Sina e 220 KJK. Goude-se e tivizas chom e Beijing gant e wreg hag o mab ha mont da vezeg e kêr. Mont a reas da Vanchouria evit pareañ an dud tizhet gant ar vosenn. Adc'halvet e voe da Vro-C'hall e 1914 pa darzhas ar brezel-bed hag e servijas evel mezeg-lu ; e 1916 e voe adkaset da Sina gant an arme evit dastum ditouroù diwar-benn stad ar vro, a oa deuet da vezañ ur republik e 1911. E 1918 e tistroas da Vrest. Klasket en doa sevel raktresoù beajoù nevez hag eñ klañv-diglañv pa varvas a-daol-trumm e 1919 : kavet e voe marv dindan ur wezenn e-kichen an Uhelgoad (Bro-Gerne - Penn-ar-Bed) ha chomet en e dorn ur skouerenn eus Hamlet William Shakespeare.
Un hanter eus e oberennoù chomet e stad an dornskrid zo bet embannet pell goude e varv.
Prosper Garnot

Prosper Garnot, bet ganet d'an 18 a viz Genver 1794 e Brest (Penn-ar-Bed, Breizh) hag aet da Anaon d'an 8 a viz Here 1838 e Pariz (Seine, Frañs) a oa un naturour hag ur surjian-mor breizhat.
Mont a reas da skoazeller surjian d'ar 6 a viz Mae 1811 ha dre ma tiskouele bezañ barrek war skiantoù an natur e voe anvet war ar gorvetenn La Coquille d'an 19 a viz Ebrel 1822. Dindan renerezh an ofiser a vor Louis Isidore Duperrey (1786-1865) e kemeras perzh en dro en-dro d'ar bed a reas al lestr gall adalek an 11 a viz Eost 1822 betek ar 24 a viz Ebrel 1825. Paket e voe gant ar red-kof da-geñver un ehan e Paita (e gwalarn Perou), ar pezh e redias da zilezel an ergerzhadenn kenkent hag arruet e Brazil izelvroat. Distreiñ a reas da Europa war bourzh ar vag saoz Castle Forbes a reas peñse er-maez da gKab ar Spi Mat e miz Gouere 1824 : d'an degouezh-se e voe kollet un darn eus ar spesadoù a oa bet dastumet, a-gevret gant al loenoniour René Primevère Lesson, er Meurvor Habask hag e Suamerika. E 1827, dre ned ae ket war wellaat e yec'hed e c'houlennas bezañ anvet en Antilhez, e-lec'h ma c'hellas ober war-dro oberatadennoù a bep seurt ha gwilioudoù. Klañvoc'h-klañvañ e voe ret dezhañ distreiñ da Frañs ma voe degemeret evel medisin d'ar 5 a viz Ebrel 1828. Abaoe neuze e krogas da skrivañ ha lakaat da embann a bep seurt oberennoù, liammet an holl ouzh ar skiant-prenet bet tapet gantañ a-hed e veajoù. Ne voe ket evit kas an tamm labour-se da benn, diskaret ma voe gant ur c'hleñved an avu.
Roet e voe dezhañ ar rez a varc'heg en Urzh broadel al legion a Enor d'an 30 a viz Eost 1829.
Douarnenez

Douarnenez zo ur gêr hag ur porzh e Kerne-Izel, e departamant Penn-ar-Bed, e kornôg Breizh.
Tri forzh-mor zo e Douarnenez : porzh ar Rozveur, ar porzh-pesketa a-vremañ ; ar Porzh-Ru m'emañ mirdi ar bigi ; porzh Treboull.
Nac'het e voe an distaoliadeg roueel eus miz C'hwevrer 1676 ouzh un den eus Douarnenez, Yves Perfezou, goude Emsavadeg ar Bonedoù ruz.
Karrnijourion e oa an holl. Mervel a rejont d'ar 5 a viz Eost 1944 e-pad an Eil Brezel Bed.
Kumunioù kozh staget ouzh Douarnenez :
Caen

Caen eo pennlec'h departamant gall Calvados. Kêr-benn ar rannvro kozh Normandi-Izel ez oa ivez betek 2015. Abaoe ar 1añ a viz Genver 2016 emañ prefeti rannvro Normandi e Rouan, met e Caen eo bodet ar c'huzul-rannvro.
Hervez an INSEE e oa 108 793 a dud o chom en Caen (236 271 en tolpad-kêrioù ha 401 208 en tolead kêr) e 2011. War lez ar stêr Orne emañ.
Keoded Gwilherm an Alouber eo, ha d'ur glad bras en deus hêrezhet ar c'hêr. A-bouez e oa perzh Caen e-pad an Aloubadeg Normandi, se a zo abeg kêr Caen en deus savet ur c'hounlec'h.
Kêr vrasañ er C'halvados hag e Normandi-Izel emañ Caen. An trede kumun vrasañ (goude An Havr-Nevez ha Rouen) hag an trede tolpad-kêrioù brasañ (goude Rouen hag An Havr-Nevez) e Normandi. An tolead kêr Caen eo an eilvet brasañ e Normandi goude Rouen, hag an 22vet e Bro C'hall
Lec'hiet eo ar gêr en diazad Pariz, e kreizur c'hompezenn: Kompezenn Caen, e-lerc'h m'emañ kalz a c'hounezerezh diwar edeier.
War lez ar stêr Orne emañ Caen.
Lanniliz

Lanniliz (distaget [lãˈniː.lis]) a zo ur gumun eus Bro-Leon e departamant Penn-ar-Bed, e gwalarn Breizh. Penn kanton e oa betek 2015.
War aod Mor Breizh emañ Lanniliz, etre daou aber: an Aber Benniged er mervent hag an Aber-Ac'h er biz.
en glazur, e deir mailhenn en aour
Karrnijourion e oant holl. Marvet int e 1941, e-pad an Eil Brezel-bed. Pevar anezhe a varvas d'ar 15 a viz C'hwevrer 1941 pa gouezhas o c'harr-nij (Beaufort marilhet W6493 ha kodet MW-G) e kumun Sant-Pabu, an tri all a voe lazhet d'ar 1añ a viz Ebrel 1941 pa gouezhas o c'harr-nij (Hampden marilhet X3129 ha kodet KX-?) e kumun ar Vourc'h-Wenn.
Niver a annezidi
Van Eyck

Eick, pe Van Eyck (pe van Eyck), hag ivez Van Eijk (pe van Eijk) a zo un anv-familh nederlandek bet douget gant meur a zen brudet.
Dont a ra eus ar ger eijk, dervenn, kar d'ar ger saoznek oak.
Ur familh arzourien a-orin flamank a oa anvet van Eyck. Daoust ma voent ganet ha desavet e-kostez ar stêr Meuse (Maaseik), ez ejont da labourat da gêrioù Gent ha Brugge, ma tegasjont kemmoù d'an doareoù livañ bet implijet araozo, ha ma kasjont ivez an teknikoù livañ war-raok. Ganto e voe savet ul lodenn vras eus pennoberennoù ar 15vet kantved. Er familh-se e oa : Hubert van Eyck, Jan van Eyck, o breur Lambert van Eyck, hag o c'hoar Margareta van Eyck, ha marteze a-walc'h ivez Barthélemy d'Eyck, gallekaet e anv.
Hondarribia

Hondarribia zo ur porzh eus Gipuzkoa, en Hegoalde, en Euskal Herria, war lez kleiz ar stêr Bidasoa, a-dal da borzh Hendaia, war al lez dehou, e Lapurdi. Anavezet eo bet e-giz Fuenterrabia, hag e galleg Fontarrabie.
Eno oa bet harluet, e deroù an 20vet kantved, kloerdi bihan tadoù Pikpus, e-lec'h m'en em gavas Youenn Drezen, Jakez Riou ha Jakez Kerrien.
Neue Nationalgalerie (Berlin)

Neue Nationalgalerie a zo ur mirdi eus Berlin, bet ijinet gant Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, ennañ dastumadegoù arzoù modern an 20 kantved.
Digoret eo bet ar mirdi e 1968. Ar savadur nemetañ bet ijinet gant Ludwig Mies van der Rohe goude m’en defe kuitaet Alamagn (e 1933) eo. Gwelet eo ar savadur evel unan eus re zedennusañ ar savouriezh vodern. Diazezet eo war steuñvioù bet treset er bloavezhioù 1950 evit ur savadur burevioù a oa sañset bezañ savet e Kuba (met chom a reas ar raktres a-sav abalamour d’an dispac’h).
Ar salioù da weladenniñ a zo staliet e dan ar savadur, e diabarzh an diaz maen-greun. Ar savadur savet a-us a zo dibar a-fet savouriezh ha teknik : n’eus moger ebet, nemet eizh peul ha speurennoù gwer ha a zalc’h an doenn. Ken eeun eo ar savadur ken e seblant skañv-tre. Tro-dro d’ar mirdi ez eus bet staliet delwennoù, en o zouez re Henry Moore, Richard Serra hag Alexander Calder.
Daoust ma vank oberennoù zo (abalamour da stourm a nazied a-enep d’an arz “disteraet” (entartete Kunst)) e dastumadeg Neue Nationalgalerie, e kaver enni taolennoù ha delwennoù bet savet etre penn-kentañ an XX kantved hag ar bloavezhioù 1960. E-touez al luskadoù kinniget er mirdi emañ an eztaoladurezh alaman hag aostrian, oberennoù arzourien Die Brücke : Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. Hag ivez delwennoù savet gant Käthe Kollwitz. Evit a sell ouzh ar gubouriezh e kinniger kalz oberennoù, en o zouez re Pablo Picasso pe re Fernand Léger. Luskad ar Bauhaus a gaver ivez (Paul Klee), hag oberennoù dreistrealour (Max Ernst). Evit a sell ouzh oberennoù ar bloavezhioù 1950 ha 1960 e kaver oberennoù (Yves Klein, Barnett Newman pe c’hoazh re Mark Rothko). Diskouezadegoù berrbad a vez kinniget ivez.
Barzh Ofisiel ar Rouantelezh

Barzh Ofisiel ar Rouantelezh (Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland e saozneg, pe British Poet Laureate) zo ur garg ofisiel e Rouantelezh Unanet Breizh-Veur.
Da gentañ e oa an anv ofisiel a Varzh Rouantelezh Bro-Saoz, betek 1707, goude hini Rouantelezh Breizh-Veur (1707-1801), ha goude hini Rouantelezh Unanet Breizh-Veur hag Iwerzhon (1801-1922); hag abaoe 1922 hini Rouantelezh Unanet Breizh-Veur ha Norzhiwerzhon.
Ur garg a-hed-buhez e oa gwechall, war-bouez John Dryden, a voe lamet e garg digantañ e 1688 peogwir e nac'has ober e le d'ar roue nevez Gwilherm III. Abaoe Andrew Motion e 1999 avat eo ur garg 10 vloaz.
Ur gopr zo, "a butt of sack", a ya bremañ da 477 litrad gwin jerez (107 gallon) . Ouzhpenn-se e vez un tamm gwerzh-butun: £5,750, da lavarout eo war-dro 5500 €.
E miz Mae 2009, echu amzer Andrew Motion, e voe roet ar garg da Carol Ann Duffy, ar vaouez kentañ a viskoazh. E 2019 e vo anvet unan all en he lec'h.
Tomas Tranströmer

Tomas Gösta Tranströmer (ganet d'ar 15 a viz Ebrel 1931 ha marvet d'ar 26 a viz Meurzh 2015 e Stockholm) zo ur skrivagner, barzh ha troer eus Sveden, hag en deus tapet Priz Nobel al Lennegezh e 2011.
Troet eo bet e skridoù en un 60 yezh disheñvel bennak.
Alfred Tennyson

Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) zo ur barzh saoz. Barzh Ofisiel ar Rouantelezh (Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland) e voe e-pad an darn vrasañ eus ren ar Rouanez Victoria, hag ur barzh saoznek eus ar re vrudetañ. Pezhioù-c'hoari a savas ivez, met ne reas ket berzh gante.
Tennyson a oa ganet e Somersby, e Lincolnshire. E dad, George Clayton Tennyson (1778–1831), a oa person anglikan) eno, en devoa 12 bugel, hag Alfred e oa ar pevare.
Troet e oa an tad gant an arzoù, livañ ha seniñ a rae. Ne oa ket paour, ha kas a rae e vugale d'an aod e-pad an hañv, da Mablethorpe pe Skegness, en arvor reter Bro-Saoz. E vamm, Elizabeth Fytche (1781–1865), a oa merc'h d'ar beleg Stephen Fytche (1734–1799), kure St. James Church, Louth (1764) ha person Withcall (1780), ur gêriadennig etre Horncastle ha Louth. Evezh a daole an tad ouzh deskadurezh e vugale. Alfred ha daou eus e vreudeur a skrive barzhoniezh pa oant krennarded, ma voe embannet un dastumad eus o oberennoù pa oa 17 vloaz. Unan anezho, Charles Tennyson Turner, a zimezas da Louisa Sellwood, c'hoar yaouank da zanvez pried Alfred. Ur breur all, Edward Tennyson, a voe kaset da di ar re foll.
Bommoù pe werzennoù gant Alfred, Lord Tennyson a vez dibunet aes er broioù saoznek, evel :
The Rising of the Moon

The Rising of the Moon zo ur ganaouenn iwerzhonat, skrivet e saozneg gant John Keegan Casey (1846-70), ar "Fenian Poet", ar barzh Fenian.
Savet e voe war don ur c'han all — The Wearing of the Green — hag embannet e 1866 e-barzh e levr A Wreath of Shamrocks, un dastumad barzhonegoù ha kanaouennoù.
Savet eo ar son diwar-benn emsavadeg 1798 e kontelezh Kildare pa oa an United Irishmen o c'hervel an dud d'en em sevel.
O then, tell me Sean O'Farrell, tell me why you hurry so? "Hush a bhuachaill, hush and listen", and his cheeks were all aglow, "I bear orders from the captain:- get you ready quick and soon For the pikes must be together at the rising of the moon" By the rising of the moon, by the rising of the moon,
For the pikes must be together at the rising of the moon
"O then tell me Sean O'Farrell where the gath'rin is to be?" "In the old spot by the river, right well known to you and me. One more word for signal token:- whistle up a marchin' tune, With your pike upon your shoulder, by the rising of the moon." By the rising of the moon, by the rising of the moon With your pike upon your shoulder, by the rising of the moon.
Out from many a mud wall cabin eyes were watching through the night, Many a manly heart was beatin, for the coming morning light. Murmurs ran along the valleys to the banshee's lonely croon And a thousand pikes were flashing at the rising of the moon. At the rising of the moon, at the rising of the moon. And a thousand pikes were flashing at the rising of the moon.
All along that singing river that black mass of men were seen, High above their shining weapons flew their own beloved green. "Death to every foe and traitor! Forward! Strike the marching tune." And hurrah my boys for freedom; 'tis the rising of the moon". Tis the rising of the moon, tis the rising of the moon And hurrah my boy for freedom; 'Tis the rising of the moon".
Well they fought for poor old Ireland, and full bitter was their fate, Oh what glorious pride and sorrow, fills the name of ninety-eight! Yet, thank God, e'en still are beating hearts in manhood burning noon, Who would follow in their footsteps, at the risin' of the moon By the rising of the moon, By the rising of the moon Who would follow in their footsteps, at the risin' of the moon.
Pere Calders

Pere Calders pe Pere Calders i Rossinyol (Barcelona, 29 Gwengolo 1912 - 21 Gouhere 1994) a oa ur skrivagner hag un treser eus Katalonia. Unan eus skrivagnerien vrudetañ an XX kantved eo, dreist-holl evit e zanevelloù.
Pere Calders a oa bet ganet e 1912 e Barcelona. Studiañ a reas e Skol-Uhel an Arzoù kaer e Barcelona. Pa oa 20 vloaz e labouras evel treser ha kazetenner hag embann a reas e zanevelloù kentañ. Kenlabourat a reas gant Tisner en adsevel ar gelaouenn fentus L'Esquella de la Torratxa. E 1936 ec'h embannas e zaou levr kentañ, an dastumad danevelloù El primer arlequí hag ar romant berr La glòria del doctor Larén, a ginnig perzhioù kustum oberenn Calders, diazezet war an diskiantegezh, an dic'hortoz hag an degouezh.
E 1937, e-pad Brezel diabarzh Spagn, e emezelas a-youl vat en arme republikan, hag e labouras evel kartennaouer e Teruel. Dastum a reas e eñvorennoù eus ar mare-se el levr Unitats de xoc. Ur wech echu ar brezel, war-lerc'h ur pennad e kamp-bac'h Prats de Molló, ez eas en harlu da Vro-Vec'hiko, e lec'h ma chomas tri bloaz warn-ugent. E-keit-se e kendalc'has da embann danevelloù ha romantoù. Menegiñ a ranker Cròniques de la veritat oculta (1955) ha Demà a les tres de la matinada (1959). Distreiñ a reas da Gatalonia e 1962.
Anavezet e voe e 1979, pa voe leurennet an oberenn Antaviana, gant Dagoll Dagom, a aozas un nebeud eus e gontadennoù. Gounit a reas Priz Enor al Lizhiri Kataloniat e 1986, ha mont a reas da anaon e Barcelona d'an 21 a viz Gouhere 1994. Div zanevell diwar e bluenn eus "Cròniques de la veritat oculta" zo bet troet e brezhoneg gant Gwenael Emelyanoff hag embannet gant Al Liamm.