davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Indianapolis 500

500 miles Indianapolis (pe Indianapolis 500 pe Indy 500) a zo ur redadeg kirri amerikan e vez redet bep bloaz abaoe 1911 da zibenn sizhun Memorial Day war troiad Indianapolis Motor Speedway e stad Indiana.
E 1911 ha 1912 a oa graet an gael zisparti gant urzh an enskrividi a-raok bezañ graet dre ar chañs betek 1914. E 1915 a oa bet graet an abadenn ditriñ gentañ.
Hiziv e vez graet an abadennoù titriñ war meur a zeiz, pep deiz a servij evit dibab un tamm eus ar gael. D'ar sadorn d'an dibenn sizhun kentañ an titriñ e vez graet ur "pole day" evit gouzout piv a vo e penn ar gael. War-lec'h e vez graet abadennoù-all betek an dibenn sizhun war-lec'h pa vez graet ar "bump day" evit a re a zo nebeutoc'h buan.
Dre ma zo roet ar plasoù war ar gael hervez deiz an abadenn ditriñ ne vez ket dre ret ar "poleman" an hini en deus graet an amzer gwellañ e-pad holl an abadennoù titriñ. Arie Luydendyk en doa graet e 1996 an geidenn wellañ e-pad eil zeiz an abadennoù titriñ, met n'en doa kroget gant ar redadeg nemet e 22 plas.
* E 1996, an den en doa graet ar plas pol, Scott Brayton, a oa bet lazhet un nebeud deizioù war-lec'h e-pad un abadenn esaeoù dieub. Tony Stewart eo hemañ en deus kemeret penn ar gael evit ar redadeg.
Abaoe 1952 e vez votet gant ar c'holaj tud desket goude ar redadeg titl an deraouad gwellañ ar bloavezh (ar Rookie of the Year). An titl-se a zo d'ar blenier a ra al lorc'h gwellañ e-pad an esaeoù hag e-pad ar redadeg, ha ne vez ket roet dre ret d'ar blenier ra ar plas gwellañ e donedigezh ar redadeg. Ar skouer brudetañ a zo bet graet e 1966 : Graham Hill en doa gounezet evit e redadeg kentañ, met roet a oa bet an titl da Jackie Stewart a oa an den gwellañ a-raok rankout dilezel.
Confederate Memorial Day

Confederate Memorial Day pe Confederate Heroes Day en Texas, ha Confederate Decoration Day en Tennessee, zo un devezh dilabour e meur a stad eus su Stadoù Unanet Amerika ha dalc'het da zevezhioù disheñvel hervez ar stad abaoe fin Brezel diabarzh Stadoù-Unanet Amerika. E bal eo enoriñ an 258 000 bennak a soudarded ha martoloded kengevreet marvet er stourm a-enep an Unaniezh.
An devezh dilabour-se a zo e fin miz Ebrel e meur a stad, evit derc'hel soñj eus kodianidigezh al lu gengevreet diwezhañ e Bennett Place d'ar 26 a viz Ebrel 1865. Lidet e vez an devezh-se alies e stadoù ar c'hreisteiz met n'eo un devezh gouel ofisiel nemet e South Carolina, Mississippi, hag Alabama.
Gwengamp

Gwengamp a zo ur gêr eus Breizh e Bro-Dreger, ur gumun, ur penn-kanton, ha penn-arondisamant. E 2009 e oa 21 645 a dud en unvezh-kêr, ar pevare brasañ en departamant.
Karaez Gwengamp ha Pempoull Gwengamp emañ Gwengamp.
War un eilskouerenn eus 1778, an dresadenn a ziskouez : treustellet etre argant ha glazur a c'hewec'h fezh (Sigismond Ropartz)
Ur gêr mogeriet e oa Gwengamp gwechall, met distrujet e voe an darn vrasañ eus ar mogerioù en XIX kantved.
Glenmor

Glenmor was the stage name of Emile Le Scanf (1931–1996), a Breton protest singer who sought to preserve the Breton language and adapt local traditions of folk singing to the radical culture of the 1960s and 70s. He is also known by the Breton name Milig Ar Skañv.
Emile Le Scanf was born in 1931 at Mael-Carhaix. In 1941, he entered the small seminary in Quintin. After his military service in Paris, he obtained a licence de philosophie at Rennes in 1952. He then travelled extensively in Italy, Greece, Turkey, Yugoslavia and Soviet Union until 1954. During this period he began writing and composing.
His musical career really began in 1959 with a recital in Paris before a small audience. He later released his first album as "Glenmor", Glenmor à la Mutualité. His stage name was derived from words for land (glen) and sea (mor) in Breton. His distinctive style led to popularity.
His songs aggressively asserted the unique cultural identity of Brittany. He portrayed himself as a political radical with anti-clerical and anarchist views. He wore a beard and his hair long, in a revival of the traditional Breton peasant style.
Actively engaged in Breton nationalism, Glenmor wrote the song le Kan bale lu poblek Breizh, later renamed Kan bale an ARB, which was the marching song of the ARB (Armée Révolutionnaire Bretonne; Breton Revolutionary Army). In June 1979, he participated in a hunger strike to protest against the detention of a Breton activist arrested following an attack against the Chateau of Versailles.
With his friends Alain Guel and Xavier Grall, he helped found the publishing house "Kelenn", where in 1968 he published Le Livre des Chansons. A few years later Grall published Barde imaginé and La fête de la nuit (1972), works in which Glenmor is the main character, in the fictionalised form of the bard "Arzel". In the early 1970s he, Grall and Guel founded the newspaper la Nation bretonne, which was influential on the Breton intellectual elite.
In 1977, he appeared in Pierre Perrault's film C'etait un Québécois en Bretagne, madame! along with fellow Breton nationalist Meavenn. Both are portrayed as "poets of dispossession, the voices of a despairing national identity." Glenmor describes himself in the film as an "oral journalist with opinions".
In 1978, he was designated "Breton of the Year" by Armor Magazine. In 1990 he retired from performance to devote himself to writing.
He was decorated with the Order of the Ermine in 1990. He died six years later on June 18, 1996. Several thousand people attended his funeral in Mael-Carhaix . The tomb is inscribed with the words, "Émile LE SCANV (1931-1996) Et voici bien ma terre, la vallée de mes amours. Glenmor".
Château de Rustéphan

The Château de Rustéphan is a small, ruined 15th–16th-century manor-house in Nizon, part of the commune of Pont-Aven in the Finistère département of France. It was erected by Jean du Faou, chamberlain of France and grand seneschal of Brittany, who built the domaine in 1420.
The original manor was built by the son of a Duke of Brittany, named Étienne, Count of Penthièvre, and seigneur of Nizon, who died in 1137.
The current structure was built by Jean du Faou. According to some historians, it was a former hunting lodge of the Dukes of Brittany, in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its position at the entrance of a large wood that covers the entire parish of Nizon, and which abounds in game, makes this plausible.
During the French Revolution, more than half of the manor house was burned and destroyed.
Of the ancient manor-house, nothing remains but two sections about 20 metres (66 ft) in height, surrounded by ivy, brambles, and weeds. The section on the left, the gable wall, contains a corner turret on corbelling, immense hooded fireplaces as well as the remains of some stone cross-pieced windows. The section on the right contains the staircase tower, as well as some remains of internal walls, the entrance vestibule, etc. The main entry door is topped by a Gothic arch. The former wall of the front façade has fallen away and the stones were carried off in the last century to be used in local farm buildings.
It is believed that the manor house once consisted of a rectangular corps de logis and had turrets at each of the corners, as well as a large central staircase tower.
Nearly all the residents of Nizon believe that the ghosts of former village residents Géneviève de Rustéphan and Iannick ar Flécher still haunt the château today. This true 16th-century story is a tragic tale of a commoner (Iannick) who fell in love with the daughter (Géneviève) of the local seigneur of Faou. Their two families did not approve of the relationship, and Iannick was forced to leave and become a priest. The young woman died broken-hearted and her spirit is said to haunt the ruins to this day. It has been reported that the apparition of an old, sad priest (Iannick) has also been seen lurking around the ruins. Village inhabitants used to gather in the grassy space in front of the ruins to dance and celebrate various holidays, but after numerous reported sightings of unexplained figures seen watching them from within the ruins, they learned to stay away from the place on moonlit nights when the spirits were said to appear.
The local people of Nizon are trying to save the remains of the château from further vandalism and the effects of the weather. There is an effort underway to reinforce the walls and tower and try to keep the structure from falling.
The castle has been listed as a monument historique (historical monument) by the French Ministry of Culture since 1926.
47°51′32″N 3°46′2″W﻿ / ﻿47.85889°N 3.76722°W﻿ / 47.85889; -3.76722
French War Memorial (Puducherry)

The French War Memorial in Puducherry, India (French: Monument aux combattants des Indes francaises morts pour la patrie) is a war memorial dedicated to residents of French India who died for the country during the First World War. It is on Goubert Avenue in Puducherry, located opposite to the Gandhi statue.
France had decided in 1915 to reinforce her army with recruits from her Asian possessions; a recruitment campaign was launched in December 1915.
Pondicherry would offer 800 recruits, send 500 combatants overseas and would see 75 deaths from this group.
The monument was erected in 1937 and inaugurated on 3 April 1938 by governor Crocicchia.A subsidy of 5,000 rupees was entered into the colonial budget and was granted "to the committee designated by the decree of 14 January 1936, for the erection of a monument to the memory of the inhabitants of French India who died for France during the 1914–1918 war." It was designed by the sculptor Gaston Petit and an architect named Delafon.
A bronze plaque lists the names of soldiers who died during the First World War. Further plaques were added, listing the names of soldiers who died during World War II, the French War in Indochina and the Algerian War. The monument remains the property of France.
The memorial is decorated and illuminated yearly on Bastille Day (14 July) in honour of the soldiers from the colony who took part in World War I. French government officials visit the memorial on occasion and lay flowers at the foot of the monument. A "Defense and Citizenship Day" is held every November, offering students from the Lycée français de Pondichéry and other local schools the chance to attend presentations on the rights and duties of French citizen followed by presentations on national defense. They then attend a ceremony at the memorial on 11 November to honour the end of the First World War.
Memorials to Frédéric Chopin

The following is a compilation of memorials to the composer Frédéric Chopin in the form of physical monuments, institutions, and other entities named after him.
Fryderyk Chopin's principal Polish residences survive — most of them rebuilt from the devastations of World War II — except for the Saxon Palace, where his father Mikołaj Chopin in October 1810 (when Fryderyk was six months old) took a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, housed in the Saxon Palace. The Chopin family lived on the premises.
In 1817, the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to an extant building (center photo, below) adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace.
In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście. Chopin lived there until he left Warsaw in 1830. The Krasiński Palace is now the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts.
Chopin's Żelazowa Wola birthplace, and the Chopin family parlor in Warsaw's Krasiński Palace, are maintained as museums open to the public.
The Germans destroyed the Saxon Palace in World War II. Plans have been put forward to rebuild it. It was in the Saxon Palace (at the time, the Polish General Staff building) that civilian mathematicians working at the General Staff's Cipher Bureau, beginning in 1932, broke Germany's Enigma machine ciphers — an achievement that would be of great importance to the outcome of World War II.
Named for the composer are:
Martina Wachendorff

Martina Wachendorff (born 1953) is a German author, translator and editor working in France.
Since the early 1990s, Martina Wachendorff has worked as an editor at the Actes Sud publishing house. She publishes the Lettres allesandes and Cactus book series. Wachendorff has published two novels, both in French.
Wachendorff edited the French translations of Andreas Latzko's People in War, Paul Nizon's The Year of Love, Dieter Hildebrandt's the novel Pianoforte or the Novel of the Piano in the 19th Century, Bodo Morshäuser's Hauptsache Deutsch, Sebastian Haffner's Story of a German and Wilhelm von Humboldt's Paris diary. She also managed the translation of Oliver Lubrich 's edited Journeys into the Reich 1933–1945. She edited an edition of W. G. Sebald's works. She recruited Juli Zeh and Daniel Kehlmann as resident authors. She edited fifteen works from the Hungarian, by Imre Kertész and Attila Bartis A nyugalom at Actes Sud.
She accompanied many German authors on their visits to France, including to the Salon de la Littérature Européenne de Cognac. In 2013, she responded to a commentary by the German writer Michael Kumpfmüller, who felt badly treated at the awarding of the Jean-Monnet Prize for European Literature.
Léa Drucker

Léa Drucker (born 23 January 1972) is a French actress. She played Catherine Durand in the French-British television series War of the Worlds. She won the César Award for Best Actress in 2019 for her role in the film Custody.
Born in Caen, Normandy, Drucker is the niece of television presenter Michel Drucker, and of ex-president of M6 Jean Drucker. Her father Jacques is a medical doctor, and her mother, Martine, an English teacher. She is the cousin of the journalist Marie Drucker. Her paternal grandfather was Jewish.
Drucker studied acting at the École de la rue Blanche, the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Techniques du Théâtre (ENSATT) in Paris.
Drucker's early career encompassed both classical theatre pieces like Le Misanthrope, and contemporary plays such as Blanc by Emmanuelle Marie.
She has been twice nominated for the Molière Award for Best Female Revelation, in 2001 for her role in Danny et la grande bleue and in 2004 for 84 Charing Cross Road. In 2019, she won the César Award for Best Actress for Custody.
In 2019, she began her first work in English-language television, starring as Catherine Durand in three seasons (24 episodes) of the StudioCanal French-British television series War of the Worlds (2019–2022), alongside Gabriel Byrne and Daisy Edgar-Jones.
Drucker is in a relationship with director and screenwriter Julien Rambaldi. They have one daughter, born in 2014.
François Berléand

François Berléand (French: [fʁɑ̃swa bɛʁleɑ̃]; born 22 April 1952) is a French actor.
He plays Gilles Triquet, the officer manager and equivalent of David Brent in Le Bureau, the French version of The Office, produced by Canal+. He also appeared in the 2002 film The Transporter as the French commissaire named Tarconi, an active and honest police officer who is an acquaintance of Frank Martin (Jason Statham). He reprised the role in the sequels Transporter 2 and Transporter 3 and the TV series.
Berléand was born in Paris, France. The son of a Russian-Armenian father and a French mother, until the age of eleven he found his childhood traumatic after being told by his father that Berléand was the son of the Invisible Man.
While studying at business school, he trained as an actor, somewhat against his will; his first stage role was in a play called Sur une plage de l'Ouest (On a beach in the West). After graduation, he enrolled in drama classes with Tania Balachova and then met Daniel, a director under whose auspices he worked from 1974 to 1981, participating in a dozen productions, mainly of contemporary classics.
Berléand began his film career in 1978 with supporting roles in successful comedies throughout the 1980s. After a series of highly acclaimed supporting roles, including My Small Business for which he won the César for best actor in a supporting role in 2000, he won his first major role in the film My Idol by Guillaume Canet which brought his name and face to the wider public. For this, Berléand thanks his former girlfriend, actress-director Nicole Garcia.
In Martin et Léa, he plays a police inspector, a role he went on to perform many times on screen (La Balance, Les mois d'avril sont meurtriers (based on the novel The Devil's Home on Leave by Derek Raymond), Marche à l'ombre (Walking in the Shade), The Bait, The Death the Chinese, Fred, The Smile of the Clown, Ne le dis à personne (Tell No One), Transporter 1, 2, and 3) thanks in part to a cold, distant, and piercing gaze. Berléand often plays military characters (The Hostage of Europe, Stella, Les Milles, Captain Conan, The Prince of the Pacific); he has also played a detective (Follow This Plane), pastor (Au revoir les enfants) and psychiatrist in Seventh Heaven, the film that really showed his talents to the public in late 1997.
He released a book about his childhood in 2006, Le fils de l'homme invisible (The son of the invisible man).
Berléand was in a relationship with French actress, film director and screenwriter Nicole Garcia for twelve years.
He has been in a long-term relationship with Alexia Stresi; their twins Adèle and Lucy were born in December 2008.
He is also the father of two grown children, Martin (born 1978) and Fanny (born 1983). He is the grandfather of Elios (born 2013), son of Martin.
Paul Nizon

Paul Nizon (born 19 December 1929 in Bern) is a Swiss art historian and writer.
The son of a Jewish chemist from Vitebsk and a Swiss mother, after leaving school he studied history of art, classical archaeology and German language and literature in the universities of Bern and Munich. He obtained his doctorate in 1957 with a thesis on Vincent van Gogh. He worked as an assistant at the Historisches Museum in Bern until 1959. In 1960, he was awarded a scholarship at the Swiss Institute in Rome. In 1961, he was a leading art critic of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Since 1962 Nizon, who has lived in Paris since 1977, has been a freelance writer. He has held various guest lectureships, including in 1984 in the University of Frankfurt am Main and 1987 in Washington University in St. Louis. Nizon's estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern.
Source:
Kodeks Leicester

Kodeks Leicester ialah himpunan penulisan Leonardo da Vinci yang sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada penulisan saintifik. Kodeks ini mengambil nama Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester, yang membelinya pada tahun 1719. Daripada 30 jurnal saintifik Leonardo, Kodeks ini mungkin yang paling termasyhur.
Kodeks ini memberi wawasan tentang minda ingin tahu pelukis, ahli sains dan pemikir Zaman Pembaharuan yang definitif dan sebagai contoh luar biasa pertalian antara seni dan sains, dan daya cipta proses saintifik.
Manuskrip tidak dalam bentuk skrip lelurus, akan tetapi ia merupakan campuran pemerhatian dan teori-teori Leonardo berkaitan ilmu falak; sifat-sifat air, batu, dan fosil; udara, dan chaya cakerawala. Tajuk-tajuk yang dibincangkan termasuk:
Dari segi fizikal, Kodeks berbentuk 18 helaian kertas, setiap satu dilipat setengah dan ditulis pada kedua-dua muka, membentuk dokumen lengkap berhalaman 72 muka. Helaian-helaian digam buat sautu ketika, akan tetapi sekarang halaman-halaman dipamerkan berasingan. Ia ditulis tangan dalam bahasa Itali oleh Leornado, dengan tulisan cermin dan disokong dengan banyak lukisan dan diagram.
Kodeks dibeli pada tahun 1980 oleh tokoh industri dan pengumpul seni Armand Hammer daripada pewaris Leicester. Hammer cuba menukar nama Kodeks kepada Kodeks Hammer.
Kodeks dijual kepada Bill Gates oleh syarikat lelongan Christie's pada 11 November 1994 dengan harga $US30,802,500 di New York. Selepas pembelian, Gates mengimbas halaman-halamannya yang sebahagiannya diedarkan sebagai fail penyelamat skrin dan kertas dinding dalam CD-ROM sebagai Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95. sebuah CD komprehensif bertajuk Leonardo da Vinci diedarkan oleh Corbis pada tahun 1997.
Templat:Leonardo da Vinci
Muzium Sejarah Semulajadi Kebangsaan

Muzium Sejarah Semulajadi Kebangsaan adalah sebuah muzium sejarah semulajadi yang ditadbir oleh Institusi Smithson, terletak di National Mall di Washington, D.C., Amerika Syarikat. Muzium ini tidak mengenakan sebarang bayaran masuk dan dibuka 364 hari setahun.
Muzium ini menyimpan koleksi lebih dari 500 juta spesimen tumbuhan, haiwan, mineral, batu, meteorit, dan artifak budaya manusia. Pada tahun 2009, ia telah dilawati lebih dari 7.4 juta pelawat. Muzium Sejarah Semulajadi Kebangsaan merupakan muzium yang paling ramai dilawati dari senarai muzium-muzium Smithson Muzium ini juga menjadi rumah kepada kira-kira 185 orang saintis sejarah semulajadi professional — kumpulan saintis terbesar yang membuat kajian semulajadi dan sejarah kebudayaan di dunia.
The Ghost and the Darkness

The Ghost and the Darkness (bahasa Melayu harafiah The Ghost and the Darkness ) ialah sebuah filem berbahasa Inggeris yang mula ditayangkan pada tahun 1996.
Filem The Ghost and the Darkness ini telah dihasilkan di bawah arahan pengarah Stephen Hopkins.
Filem ini turut disertai oleh beberapa orang pelakon terkenal, antaranya adalah Michael Douglas, Val Kilmer, Tom Wilkinson
Berkisah pada tahun 1898, filem ini adalah berdasarkan kisah sebenar mengenai dua singa Afrika yang membunuh lebih 130 orang dalam tempoh sembilan bulan.
Pseudo-Kufi

Pseudo-Kufic, atau Kufesque, kadangkala Pseudo-Arab, merujuk kepada tiruan skrip Kufi Arab, atau kadangkala kepada skrip kursif Arab, yang diguna di luar konteks pemakaian Arab, sewaktu Zaman Pertengahan atau Zaman Pembaharuan: "Tiruan bahasa Arab dalam seni lukis Eropah lazimnya dipanggil pseudo-Kufi, meminjam istilah yang digunakan pada skrip Arab yang menonjolkan tulisan lurus dan berbucu, dan paling kerap digunakan sebagai hiasan dalam seni bina Islam". Pseudo-Kufi kerap dijumpai terutamanya dalam gambaran orang dari Tanah Suci (Kristian), khususnya Virgin Mary di dalam seni lukis Zaman Pembaharuan. Ia satu contoh pengaruh Pengaruh Islam terhadap seni lukis Barat.
Sebahagian daripada peniruan terawal psudo-Kufi berlaku pada abad ke-8 apabila raja Inggeris Offa (memerintah 757–796) mengeluarkan duit syiling emas yang meniru dinar Islam. Syiling-syiling ini merupakan turan dinar tempaan Kekhalifahan Abbasiyyah yang ditempa Khalifah al-Mansur pada tahun 774 dengan Offa Rex tertera pada bahagian belakang syiling. Ternyata bahawa pengeluar wang tidak mememahami bahasa Arab kerana teks Arab mengandungi beberapa kesilapan. Syiling mungkin dikeluarkan bagi tujuan berdagang dengan Sepanyol Islam; atau mungkin sebahagian daripada pembayaran tahunan sebanyak 365 mancus yang dijanjikan Offa kepada Rom.
Syiling tiruan, digelar Tari, yang menggunakan skrip pseudo-Kufi yang sukar dibaca, tersebar luas di selatan Itali Zaman Pertengahan (di kota dagang Amalfi dan Salerno) bermula dari pertengahan abad ke-10.
Contoh-contoh gabungan skrip Kufi dan corak-corak warna-warni berbentuk intan yang berilhamkan Islam seperti Ciborium (bekas) enamel Limoges Perancis abad ke-13 terdapat di Muzium British. Lingkaran skrip pseudo-Kufi "merupakan ciri hiasan yang berulang dalam Limoges dan telah lama digunakan di Aquitaine".
Mastodon

Mastodon (lakuran kata Greek: μαστός, "puting" dan οδούς, "gigi") ialah spesies mamalia bergading besar dari genus Mammut yang ditemui di Asia, Afrika, Eropah, Amerika Utara dan Amerika Tengah. Mastodon Amerika ialah spesies yang terkini dan paling terkenal dari kumpulan ini. Yang membingungkan, beberapa genus proboscid yang tergolong dalam familia gomphothere memiliki nama yang agak serupa (contohnya Stegomastodon) namun mereka sebenarnya lebih dekat dengan gajah berbanding mastodon.
Genus ini diangkat sebagai nama yang tergolong dalam familia Mammutidae, termasuk dalam Proboscidea. Sifat fizikal mereka tidak jauh berbeza dengan keluarga Elephantidae, termasuk mamot; tetapi, mastodon memakan dedaun dan dahan pohon sedangkan mamot ialah pemakan rumput.
Mastodon muncul pertama kali pada 40 juta tahun lalu; fosil tertuanya (Mastodon sp.) ditemuo di Republik Demokratik Congo. Fosil-fosilnya juga ditemui di Bolivia, England, Jerman, Belanda, Amerika Utara, Romania dan Yunani Utara.
Sementara mastodon memiliki ukuran dan penampilan yang serupa dengan gajah dan mamot, mereka tidak benar-benar berhubungan rapat. Gigi mereka berbeza jauh berbanding gigi para keluarga gajah; mereka memiliki hujung tajam berbentuk kerucut pada mahkota gigi gerahamnya, yang lebih sepadan untuk mengunyah dedaun daripada gigi bermahkota tinggi milik mamot yang berguna untuk memakan rumput; nama mastodon (atau mastodont) bermaksud "gigi puting" dan nama ini juga digunakan pada genus mereka. Tengkorak mereka lebih besar dan datar berbanding kebanyakan mamot, dan kerangkanya lebih kekar.
Dogū

Dogū (Jepun: 土偶, IPA: [doɡɯː]; secara harfiah "patung tanah") ialah figura seperti manusia dan haiwan yang kecil semasa bahagian kemudian zaman Jōmon (14,000–400 SM) Jepun prasejarah. Dogū hanya datang dari zaman Jōmon, dan tidak lagi dibuat berikutan zaman Yayoi. Terdapat pelbagai gaya dogū, bergantung kepada kawasan penggalian mayat dan jangka masa. Menurut Muzium Negara Sejarah Jepun, jumlah bilangan yang dijumpai di seluruh Jepun lebih kurang 15,000. Dogū dibuat di seluruh Jepun, kecuali Okinawa. Kebanyakan dogū telah dijumpai di timur Jepun dan jarang jumpa satu di barat Jepun. Tujuan dogū masih tidak diketahui dan tidak patut dikelirukan dengan objek perkuburan haniwa tanah liat dari zaman Kofun (250 – 538 M).
Barang tembikar harian dari zaman tersebut dipanggil tembikar Jōmon.
Templat:Seramik Jepun
Permainan perlumbaan

Istilah permainan perlumbaan biasa digunakan untuk merujuk kepada suatu genre pemainan komputer dan video. Permainan perlumbaan ini boleh jadi dimainkan melalui perspektif orang pertama atau ketiga. Permainan ini boleh berasaskan liga perlumbaan dunia nyata ataupun persekitaran yang langsung tidak masuk akal, dan menonjolkan apa jua jenis kenderaan daratan, udara atau air. Secara umumnya, bentuk permainan perlumbaan boleh didapati dari simulasi sebenar, hinggalah permainan arked yang lebih mudah.
Rencana ini membincangkan tentang permainan video. Bagaimanapun, istilah permainan perlumbaan boleh juga merujuk kepada:
Bolos

Bolos ialah satu rancangan permainan di Astro Ria yang di acarakan oleh Zizan (Raja Lawak Astro).
Bolos ialah permainan adaptasi dari permainan jepun iaitu Hole In The Wall atau Brain Wall di mana dalam permainan ini ada dua kumpulan akan bertarung untuk ke sampai ke peringkat terakhir. dalam kedua-dua kumpulan itu mesti ada tiga permain
Jika anda melihat rencana yang menggunakan templat {{tunas}} ini, gantikanlah dengan templat tunas yang lebih spesifik.
Enam Belas Kerajaan

Enam Belas Kerajaan, atau kadang-kala dipanggil sebagai Enam Belas Negeri, adalah satu kumpulan beberapa negara berdaulat berjangka hayat pendek di China dan kawasan-kawasan berjirannya bermula pada tahun 304 sehingga 439 AD selepas pengunduran Dinasti Jin (265–420) ke China Selatan dan sebelum penubuhan Dinasti-dinasti Utara. Asalnya, istilah ini pertama kali digunakan oleh Cui Hong di dalam rekod sejarah yang hilang, Shiliuguo Chunqiu (Sejarah Musim Bunga dan Luruh dari Enam Belas Kerajaan) dan merangkumi enam belas kerajaan pada era ini, iaitu negeri Han Zhao, Zhao Akhir, Cheng Han, Bekas Liang, Liang Akhir, Liang Utara, Liáng Barat, Liang Selatan, Bekas Yan, Yan Akhir, Yan Utara, Yan Selatan, Bekas Qin, Qin Akhir dan Qin Barat dan Xia. Istilah ini kemudian diperluaskan bagi memasukkan negeri-negeri berdaulat bermula pada tahun 304 sehingga 439. Kewujudan kerajaan-kerajaan tidak kesemuanya bertahan sehingga sepanjang tempoh ini.
Zaman Enam Belas Kerajaan yang juga dikenali sebagai Zaman Wu Hu, adalah salah satu zaman malapetaka di dalam sejarah China. Berikutan penguaasaan China buat satu tempoh yang lama sejak dinasti Qin, pemberontakan Wu Hu memberi kesan kepada hampir keseluruhan tanah besar China. Ia tidak berakhir sehingga Jin mendapat kebanyakan kawasan di tengah China sementara Wei Utara mendapat kawasan di utara Sungai Kuning.
Templat:16 Kingdoms
Liang Akhir (Enam Belas Negara)

Liang Akhir (Cina ringkas: 后凉; Cina tradisional: 後凉; pinyin: Hòu Liáng; 386-403) merupakan nama dari sebuah negara pada Zaman Enam Belas Negara sepanjang Dinasti Jin (265-420) di China. Negara ini dibangunkan oleh nama keluarga Lü dari suku Di.
Seluruh penguasa Liang Akhir menyebut diri mereka sendiri sebagai "Pemimpin Langit" (Tian Wang).
Bola sepak di Sukan Universiti Musim Panas 2015

Bola sepak di Sukan Universiti Musim Panas 2015 telah dipertandingkan di Sukan Universiti Musim Panas 2015 dari 02-13 Julai di Gwangju, Korea Selatan.
Enam belas pasukan telah menyertai kejohanan lelaki.
Enam belas pasukan telah menyertai kejohanan wanita.
Yoho Ahoy

Yoho Ahoy is a 2000-2001 British animated children's television series about a gang of animated pirates, known as Yohos, who live on board their giant pirate ship, called The Rubber Duck. The title of the TV show derives from the fact that the only words the main characters say, depending on their feelings are "Yoho" and "Ahoy", that is just a language. The characters themselves are animated puppets. In Spring 2001, the show itself won the Banff Television Festival Rockie Award: Best Animation for "Yoho Ahoy: Buzz with Jones". The show was first broadcast on CBBC and later on CBeebies in the United Kingdom, while in Canada, the programme aired on Knowledge Network.
In 2000, BBC Multimedia developed a video game based on the series. The game consists of a collection of 7 mini-games.
Timbuctoo

Timbuctoo is a series of 25 children's books, written and illustrated by Roger Hargreaves, better known for his Mr. Men and Little Miss series. It was published from 1978 to 1979, with selected reprints in 1993 and 1999. The books tell the stories of a group of animals, each of whom is named after the sound that their particular animal makes. An animated series (produced by Flicks Films and Carlton International) of Timbuctoo was shown on CITV which ran from 9 January 1998 to 16 April 1999, narrated by Ronnie Corbett.
The original set of 25 books named after their main character were published in 1978 and 1979, along with board books, shaped story books and three Timbuctoo Annuals. In 1999 eight of the books were reprinted with new illustrations to promote the television show, along with a new character, Bray.
The first twelve books were also published in Dutch, and the eight 1999 versions published in Greek.
Four of the books (Woof, Trumpet, Buzz and Oink) were republished in 1993.
There was also a set of Timbuctoo Shape Books released, including Oink, Neigh, Growl, Roar, Squeak, Trumpet, Cluck and Puff.
Bray was an additional character created and written by Roger's son Adam. This was because standard TV series are often produced in 13 or 26 episode series and an additional character was required to reach 26 episodes. Eight of the original books were reprinted in 1999, with new illustrations, to accompany the TV series. While Bray was listed on the back cover along with the rest of the cast, only Buzz, Cluck, Growl, Meow, Neigh, Oink, Snap and Trumpet were reprinted.
The Timbuctoo animated television show was broadcast from January 1998 to April 1999. It ran on CITV for two series and was based on the characters of the book series.
Series 1 was released on VHS as Neigh Finds a New Home and Other Stories in March 1999 and Series 2 released as Woof Has Forgotten How to Bark and Other Stories in February 2000. A total of 26 episodes were produced.
Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates

Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates (known in international markets as 20th Century Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates) is an American animated television series based on J.M. Barrie's Peter Pan that aired on Fox Kids from September 8, 1990, to September 10, 1991. 65 episodes were produced. The show was one of Fox's first forays into programming for children.
Ownership of the series passed to Disney in 2001 when Disney acquired Fox Kids Worldwide.
Prior to the series’ broadcast, on July 9, 1990, Fox made a presentation to television writers about their upcoming Fall season line-up.
The series aired on Fox from September 8, 1990, to September 10, 1991. Reruns continued to air until September 11, 1992. A rerun of the series' Christmas episode aired on December 25, 1993. The series was run on Fox in a rerun form on weekday mornings from November 4, 1996, to March 28, 1997. Reruns were then shown on Fox Family in 1998.
Select episodes from the series were released on video in 1992. Titles included:
Select episodes were released on a single DVD for the UK market in 2004. Episodes released included:
A video game titled Peter Pan and the Pirates was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System by third party publisher THQ. The game was generally received poorly by critics.
In this single player side-scrolling action game, the player controlled Peter Pan, who could collect bags of fairy dust to fly and wielded a sword that boasted a short range. The player began out in the forest and was required to destroy all the pirates in each level to advance to the next, with the last goal of reaching the pirate ship and battling Captain Hook.
In addition to the TV show a German imprint Bastei-Verlag, inter alia with the Turkish comic book artist Yalaz, released seven comics. They are originally in German and tell new stories of the Fox's Peter Pan and his closest friends.
The main titles of the comics and their stories, all with English translation:
1. Rettung für das Einhorn – Peter saves the Unicorn
2. Das tickende Krokodil – The tickling Croc
3. Captain Hook und der Zauberring – Captain Hook and the Magic Ring
4. Die Hexe mit dem grünen Daumen – The Witch with the green Thumb
5. Die Hexe lässt das Blitzen nicht – The Witch who did not stop Lightning
6. Ein Ehrengast zieht Leine – A Special Guest goes away
7. Viel Radau beim Mädchenklau – Making this much Noise, the Girl has no Choice
Mani the parakeet

Mani the parakeet (hatched 1997), also called Mani the parrot, is a Malaysian-born rose-ringed parakeet who resides in Singapore. He has been an astrologer "assistant" to M. Muniyappan since 2005, working from his Little India fortune-telling shop along Serangoon Road. M. Muniyappan is locally known to make his predictions using a simplified form of cartomancy.
Mani became a celebrity in Singapore, and later internationally, when he picked the correct winners for all of the 2010 FIFA World Cup quarter-final ties, as well as the Spain–Germany semi-final. However, Mani failed to predict the Spain–Netherlands final by choosing Netherlands as the winner of the 2010 World Cup. At one point on 5 July 2010, a day before the Uruguay–Netherlands semi-final match, Mani topped Google's "Hot Searches" in Singapore.
Prior to his World Cup stint, Mani and his owner M. Muniyappan, used to see an average of 10 customers a day. Following his World Cup success, this increased to around 10 customers an hour.
While Mani typically assisted his owner M. Muniyappan in fortune-telling in day-to-day work, it was his predictions over the matches of the 2010 FIFA World Cup that saw him gain widespread recognition.
According to Singapore's The New Paper, Mani's most contentious pick for the World Cup thus far was underdog Netherlands to beat Brazil. His prediction later proved to be correct.
For the quarter-finals Mani guessed the four winners of the matches correctly – Spain, Germany, Uruguay and Netherlands. In the semi-finals, he predicted that Uruguay would beat Netherlands and Spain would defeat Germany, thereby leading to a Uruguay vs. Spain final. Mani went on further to predict that Spain would be champions.
However, the Uruguay vs. Netherlands prediction turned out to be wrong, with Netherlands progressing on to the final. As a result, Mani made a new prediction for the World Cup Final between Netherlands and Spain. It tipped a Dutch win over Spain. On the other hand, fellow oracle star Paul the Octopus of Germany went for a Spanish victory, resulted in some media outlets describing the game as an octopus-versus-parakeet showdown. However, Spain defeated the Netherlands 1–0.
Following his successful stint in predicting the semi-finalists of the World Cup, Mani rose to international stardom. The New Paper of Singapore was the first to feature his story and predictions, and newspapers from across the globe soon followed suit – partially as a result of The New Paper's frequent broadcast on the bird. News agencies including the AFP and Associated Press ran reports on Mani, alongside newspapers such as The Guardian, and American magazine Vanity Fair.
Mani's story is closely aligned with that of Paul the Octopus, who had 100% accuracy in his predictions for the tournament. The two animals chose opposing sides for the final, which caused some media outlets to term it as an octopus vs. parakeet showdown. Mani chose the Netherlands, who lost to Paul's choice of Spain.
Central Dynamo Stadium

Central Dynamo Stadium was a stadium in Moscow, Russia. It was built in 1928 and held 36,540 people. It was the home ground for Dynamo Moscow. It was central venue of the All-Soviet Dynamo sports society and carried special name of Central to denote its importance. Until the construction of the Central Lenin Stadium in 1956, the Central Dynamo Stadium was the central sports facility in Moscow. The stadium was one of the venues of the football tournament of the 1980 Summer Olympics.
A new stadium was built on the same spot and is named VTB Arena.
Dynamo Stadium, designed by the architects Arkadiy Langman [ru] and Lazar Cherikover [ru], dates from 1928. In 1938 the Dinamo station of the Moscow Metro opened nearby. An athletics track circles the football field, but is no longer in use. A monument to Lev Yashin (1929–1990) stands at the stadium's north entrance and VIP boxes are positioned above the entrances to the north and south stands. In 2008 the stadium celebrated its 80-year anniversary.
Michael Jackson brought his HIStory World Tour to Dynamo Stadium in 1996 and Deep Purple performed there the same year.
Dynamo Stadium closed for demolition in 2008, with the farewell match played on 22 November 2008. The stadium's main tenant, FC Dynamo Moscow, moved to Arena Khimki, a stadium in the Moscow suburb of Khimki.
2024 Dakar Rally

The 2024 Dakar Rally was a rally raid event held in Saudi Arabia. It was the 46th edition of the Dakar Rally, organized by Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), and the 5th time Saudi Arabia has hosted the event.
The event took place between 5 and 19 January 2024. For the third year running, the event was also the first round of the 2024 World Rally-Raid Championship.
The outline of the race route was presented on 3 June 2023. This year the route started at Al-'Ula, then across the Empty Quarter, and finished in Yanbu. The race format consisted of a prologue and 12 stages, including a 48-hour marathon stage - dubbed as a '48h chrono stage', which covered over 600km with a midnight halt. The new format marathon stage included time limit for stopping at 4pm, and setting off the next day at 7am. The route featured 60% new tracks compared to the previous edition, comprising 5,000 kilometres of special stages.
On 13 December 2023 ASO announced the list of competitors.
The 2024 Dakar route was revealed on 20 November 2023, totaling 7,891 km (4,903 mi), and consisting of 4,727 km (2,937 mi) special stages. The race features a new two-day marathon stage, where all participants will need to stop at the nearest bivouac after 4pm. There will be 8 bivouacs setup, with drivers having no contact with their teams, but allowed to work on other vehicles.
Notes:
Stage 1
Stage 2
Digital Game Museum

The Digital Game Museum is a video game museum in California. As stated on their website, the museum focuses on "artifacts relating to digital games, game development, game design, and gaming culture." Some of the displays at the museum showcase information about Atari, Steve Jobs, Xbox, and Sega Genesis.
The museum has corporate sponsors including Elgato, Perforce, KryoFlux, Dashing Strike Games, Mandible Games, and Davis Wright Tremaine LLP.
The museum features permanent online exhibits and temporary physical exhibits.
Harina integral de trigo

La harina integral de trigo es un alimento integral usado frecuentemente en panadería que se obtiene de moler tanto la cáscara (salvado) y el germen, como la vaina (endospermo) del trigo. Hoy en día, el proceso industrial primero separa las partes del grano, luego las muele por separado y las junta de nuevo. De esta manera se destina una parte del producto para hacer harina blanca también. En cambio, el proceso tradicional, es decir, harina molida a la piedra, machaca todo el grano a la vez.
La harina integral se clasifica como «no refinada» porque es más granulosa que la blanca. La adición del salvado provoca varios efectos en la masa de harina integral. Por un lado, hace que la masa absorba más agua que la misma de harina blanca. Por el otro, se debe amasar menos, ya que el salvado «corta» el desarrollo del gluten. Una masa menos elástica conlleva que los panes integrales leve menos en el horno que los panes blancos. La masa integral tampoco tolera bien una sobrefermentación. Su miga es más pesada y compacta, y lograr que quede tan esponjoso como un pan blanco es todo un arte.​ Por el contrario, el pan integral ofrece un sabor complejo y más intenso que un pan blanco no va a poder ofrecer. Además, el pan integral tiene un aporte nutricional más completo que el blanco.
También es común mezclar harina blanca e integral en diversas proporciones.
Hasta hace aproximadamente 150 años, la mayor parte de las harinas de trigo eran integrales pero a partir de finales del siglo XIX se dejaron de emplear. Hoy han vuelto al mercado gracias al énfasis en la alimentación sana ya que contienen un alto porcentaje de fibra, lo que permite mejorar la digestión y la nutrición. Este tipo de harina es el empleado en la elaboración del pan integral. La harina integral solía ser, a menudo, más costosa ya que a los distribuidores de alimentos les salía más rentable separar del trigo el germen, el salvado, la fibra y los aceites.
Biga (masa de harina)

La biga es una masa madre firme, de harina, un prefermento de origen italiano.
Al hornear con el método indirecto, las proporciones tales quedan bastante secas (alrededor de 450 g de agua por 1 kg de harina y 10g de levadura fresca).
Requiere el uso de harinas fuertes y balanceadas, con W mayor a 300 y F/E (relación fuerza/elasticidad) variando entre 0.5 y 0.6, tiempos de mezclado cortos, temperatura final no superior a 21 °C y una período de fermentación de 10 horas a 2 días a temperaturas de 16/18 °C, para bigas hasta 24 horas, o 4 °C en la primera fase y 18 °C en las últimas 24 horas, para bigas hasta 48 horas. Dependiendo del tipo de pan a preparar, luego se agregan los demás ingredientes. Después de una levadura adicional, la masa final se corta, se forma y se deja que suba de nuevo antes de hornear.
Pap (alimento)

El Pap (pronunciado [ˈpɑːp]) es una especie de porridge elaborada de mielie-meal (harina de maíz o cualquier otro grano), un alimento básico de las tribus Bantú de Sudáfrica (la palabra afrikáans pap se toma del neerlandés significa "porridge" o "gruel"). Muchos platos tradicionales de la cocina sudafricana contienen como acompañamiento el pap y su nombre se compone de la denominación, un ejemplo de ello es plato de harina de maíz (denominado también: slap pap), y el crujiente phutu pap. Tales platos son populares entre la población indígena negra y entre la población afrikáner.
Una variedad de platos salados se suelen preparar como acompañamiento del pap. Se suele emplear con verduras, a menudo saborizados con chilli. Los afrikáneres en el norte del país suelen servirlo como desayuno, con leche y azúcar, pero también servido en forma de estofado con carne y tomate (por regla general con tomate y cebollas). En las provincias del Cabo se puede ver servido de forma exclusiva como desayuno. Debido a que el mielie-meal es un plato fundamental para la gente humilde, es frecuente que se aliñe con verduras diversas y se convierte en la única comida del día. Se puede servir caliente o frío, a veces tras haberse enfriado se fríe, esta operación culinaria le da una textura diferente. El phutu porridge a veces se disfruta con chakalaka como un plato acompañante del braais.
Flour corn

Flour corn (Zea mays var. amylacea) is a variety of corn with a soft starchy endosperm and a thin pericarp. It is primarily used to make corn flour. This type, frequently found in Aztec and Inca graves, is widely grown in the drier parts of the United States, western South America and South Africa. The large-seeded corns of Peru, called choclo or Cuzco corn, are used in the preparation of chicha. In South Africa, similar corns are known as mealies.
The six major types of corn are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn.
Kitchen Boss

Kitchen Boss is an American television series that airs on TLC, hosted by Buddy Valastro, the star of Cake Boss. The weekday series debuted January 25, 2011, with a second season debuting January 31, 2012.
Unlike the documentary series Cake Boss and the reality series Next Great Baker, Kitchen Boss is a studio-based cooking program, in which Valastro cooks various Italian-American dishes from his family's recipes. Valastro is usually joined in the kitchen by members of his family and other special guests.
My Kitchen Rules series 8

The eighth season of the Australian competitive cooking competition show My Kitchen Rules premiered on the Seven Network on 30 January 2017.
Applications for contestants opened during the airing of the seventh season. Pete Evans and Manu Feildel returned as hosts, with Colin Fassnidge who was joined by Darren Robertson in the instant restaurant round.
The start date for the season was confirmed in January 2017, and once again debuted the evening following the network's coverage of the Men's Singles final at the 2017 Australian Open.
Four special episodes of The Chase Australia aired featuring eight teams from this season, premiering on 16 February at 7:30pm.
During the Instant Restaurant rounds, each team hosts a three-course dinner for judges and fellow teams in their allocated group. They are scored and ranked among their group, with the two lowest scoring teams competing in a Sudden Death Cook-Off, where one team is eliminated.
Paraweh

Paraweh atau Jambu Paraweh (namo ilmiah: Psidium guajava, bahaso Indonesia: jambu biji/jambu batu, bahaso Inggirih: common guava, jo bahaso Portugis: goiaba) adolah tanaman tropis asa Karibia, Amerika Tangah, jo Amerika Salatan. Dagiang buahnyo bawarna sirah atau kuniang, panyarbukan tanaman ko umumnyo dilakuan dek saranggo, tarutamo jo labah madu, Apis mellifera.
Inggo kini ko saindaknyo tadapek labiah dari 97 jinih (varietas/kultivar) bangkaweh nan dikana urang di dunia, tamasuak di Indonesia. Jinih-jinih nan tanamo, antaro lain sabagai barikuik :
Barikuik iko kanduangan gizi bangkaweh sirah per 100 g, nan tadiri dari :