Ndị Ọrụ Osisi

Woodcraft Folk bụ ngagharị nkuzi sitere na UK maka ụmụaka na ndị ntorobịa. Tọrọ ntọala na 1925 ma toro site na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo, ọ bụ ọrụ ebere debanyere aha kemgbe 1965 na ụlọ ọrụ debanyere aha na-ejedebe site na nkwa kemgbe 2012. Usoro iwu nke nzukọ ntorobịa a bụ "ịkụzi na inye ndị na-eto eto ike ka ha nwee ike isonye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọha mmadụ, imeziwanye ndụ ha na ndị ọzọ site na ịbụ nwa amaala na-arụsi ọrụ ike."
Ọ bụ Leslie Paul tọrọ ntọala Woodcraft Folk na 1925. O sitere na Kindred of the Kibbo Kift, bụ ọgbakọ nke onye bụbu Kọmishọna Scout John Hargrave na-edu, onye bu n'obi pụọ n'usoro agha nke ndị Scout n'oge ahụ. N'oge mbụ ya, Woodcraft Folk nwere nkwenye siri ike nke ndị ọgọ mmụọ na ndị na-emegide ndị isi obodo, mana ọ jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mepụta ụkpụrụ omume nke ya. Nzukọ a nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmekorita, ndị ọrụ, pacifist, ndị inyom oge mbụ, na ndị otu azụmahịa n'oge 1920 na 1930.
Nkà ihe ọmụma Woodcraft Folk gbadoro ụkwụ n'ihe gbasara ikpe ziri ezi n'etiti ọha mmadụ, udo, na ụkpụrụ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ. Isi ụkpụrụ ya na-emesi ike na ndị otu niile nwere oke nha anya n'usoro ime mkpebi, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ, ọkwa, afọ, okike, ma ọ bụ usoro mmekọahụ. Nzukọ a na-anabata ndị na-eto eto sitere n'okpukpe niile ma ọ bụ nke ọ bụla ma tinye nnukwu mkpa na nghọta na ọbụbụenyi nke mba ụwa.
Creed, ma ọ bụ onye ozi, bụ nkwupụta nke na-egosipụta ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ nke Woodcraft Folk. Ndị otu na-agụgharị ya na mmalite nke abalị otu ma ọ bụ nzụkọ nkịtị. Okwukwe na-emesi udo ike, ikwu na ihe niile dị ndụ, ịjụ agha, ume-ngwu, na anyaukwu, na ịhụ n'anya nke mkpakọrịta. Ndị otu na-ekwe nkwa ịrụ ọrụ maka ụwa ọhụrụ, ka mma site na omume na nkwenkwe ha.
Onye edemede na onye na-ahụ maka ihe okike bụ Ernest Thompson Seton ji aha 'Woodcraft' mee ihe na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 mgbe ọ na-eguzobe nzukọ American proto-Scouting Woodcraft India, na n'ọnọdụ a pụtara nkà nke ibi n'ikuku, dị nso na okike. . Seton mechara metụta Robert Baden-Powell wee bụrụ onye isi scout nke US.
John Hargrave nwere mmasị n'ọrụ Seton na ebumnuche ịlaghachi na ya wee pụọ na mmetụta Baden-Powell n'ịtọlite Kindred of the Kibbo Kift. Ndị ọzọ pro-Seton breakaway Scout bụ Order of Woodcraft Chivalry, tọrọ ntọala ntakịrị tupu 1916.
Ka ha na-ekerịta ọtụtụ mgbọrọgwụ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka mmegharị Scouting, Woodcraft Folk's kpọmkwem ụzọ bụ Kindred of the Kibbo Kift, nzukọ nke onye bụbu Kọmishọna Scout maka Woodcraft na Camping John Hargrave na-edu, bụ onye mebiri ihe ọ lere anya dị ka onye. Usoro agha nke Scouts n'ime afọ ozugbo Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị. Woodcraft Folk bụ Leslie Paul hibere na 1925 ka ndị otu ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndịda London agbaghawo ọchịchọ ike Hargrave maka ọjụjụ ọ jụrụ ịnakwere otu mpaghara akpọrọ "The Brockley Thing" wee kewapụ na Kindred.
N'oge mbụ ya, ọ dị ka Kibbo Kift, nke nwere ike ikesi ike nke ndị ọgọ mmụọ na ndị na-emegide ndị isi obodo, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mepụta ụkpụrụ omume nke ya. N'afọ ndị 1920 na 1930, o nwere njikọ chiri anya na Co-operative Societies na ndị ọrụ, pacifist, ndị inyom na mbụ na ndị otu azụmahịa, bụ nke nyere ntọala maka iweta ma ndị okenye na ụmụaka na itinye uche bara uru nke na-ezere ya ịkekọrịta ọdịnihu nke Kibbo Kift na Order nke Woodcraft Chivalry, nke ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị na-esiwanye ike na nke esoteric ma ndị 1950 nwụnahụrụ ha abụọ.
Woodcraft Folk nọgidere na-adabere na mpaghara klaasị na-arụ ọrụ nke obodo na obodo mepere emepe, ọkachasị London, Coventry, na Sheffield, yana njikọ siri ike na ndị otu na-arụkọ ọrụ ruo 1960s mgbe ọ malitere inweta nnukwu ndị otu etiti. N'ime 1970s ruo 1990s enwere mmụba dị ukwuu na 'district' ọhụrụ (alaka mpaghara) tọrọ ntọala na ala ịta ahịhịa na obere obodo, ụfọdụ n'ime ha adịteghị aka.
Mbanye nke ndị òtù ọhụrụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na 1990s, o doro anya na ọ bụ n'ihi Scout na Cub òtù na-anabata ụmụ agbọghọ, bụ nke wepụrụ akwụkwọ mkpesa mbụ nke Woodcraft Folk dị ka nanị nzukọ nke ụdị na-anabata ụmụaka nke ma nwoke ma nwanyị.
Na 1990s enwere nnukwu arụmụka n'ime mmegharị ahụ, gụnyere maka idobe ma ọ bụ hapụ 'shirt Folk' (uwe mkpuchi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke ejiri baajị na-eyi) yana maka ọrụ ịma ụlọikwuu na ihe omume ndị ọzọ n'èzí. Ndị Woodcraft Folk ejirila omenala tinye nnukwu mkpa maka ihe omume n'èzí yana ụmụaka ime obodo nwere ohere ịbanye n'ụwa okike, mana ịma ụlọikwuu enweela ọrụ dị n'akụkụ karịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Na 2000 Woodcraft Folk mepụtara akara ụbọchị ọmụmụ. Enwere ọtụtụ arụmụka gbasara akara ngosi kwesịrị iji na akwụkwọ gọọmentị, ebe isi ụlọ ọrụ kwadoro akara ngosi square ọhụrụ ahụ ogologo oge. Na 2008 Annual Conference Woodcraft Folk tozuru oke ịkwụsị iji akara nke 75 wee malite naanị akara ngosi gburugburu na akwụkwọ gọọmentị.
Enwere ike ịhụ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'ime mmegharị ọrụ n'akwụkwọ nke Woodcraft Folk mepụtara nke a na-akpọ Fashioning a New World nke o nyere ọrụ maka ụbọchị ọmụmụ 75th ya. Ntụ aka akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị ọzọ dị, Cooperative Banners akwụkwọ dị na Rochdale Pioneers museum nwere ọkọlọtọ Woodcraft Folk. A na-eme ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Woodcraft na Mahadum Mahadum London. Enwere ike ịlele ọtụtụ n'ime ebe nchekwa ndị a n'ịntanetị gụnyere akụrụngwa maka otu esi eji ya maka otu ndị ntorobịa.
The Woodcraft Folk ka etinyere ya n'okwu gbasara ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha, pacifism na ụkpụrụ nke imekọ ihe ọnụ' ma kọwaa onwe ya na 1930 dị ka "ngwa mmụta dị ike". Okwu nke Woodcraft Folk bụ Span the world with ọbụbụenyi, ọ na-ejikwa "Education for Social Change" na mgbasa ozi ya yana akwụkwọ iwu.
Woodcraft Folk adabereghị na nkwenye okpukpere chi ọ bụla ma ọ bụ njirimara obodo. Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi bụ na n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ mmadụ, ọkwa, afọ, okike, usoro mmekọahụ, wdg. ndị niile so na-enwe otu okwu nha anya na usoro ime mkpebi. Nzukọ a na-anabata ndị niile na-eto eto ma ha nwere nzụlite okpukpe ma ọ bụ na ọ nweghị na ọtụtụ ọrụ ya na-emesi ike mkpa nghọta na ọbụbụenyi nke mba ụwa dị. Ụkpụrụ nke udo na imekọ ihe ọnụ bụ ihe dị mkpa na ihe niile ha na-eme ma na-agbalịsi ike ịzụlite ndị òtù ka ha nwee nghọta nke ụfọdụ n'ime nsogbu ndị na-akpata ịda ogbenye na esemokwu zuru ụwa ọnụ na nkwenye na ịmepụta ụwa ọhụrụ, ka mma.
A na-ekwukarị ụkpụrụ nke Woodcraft Folk na mmalite nke abalị otu ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nzukọ nkịtị. A makwaara ya dị ka onye ozi. Onye ọbụla na-eweli aka nri ya wee sị n’otu:
Enwere ụzọ ọzọ na nke a, a na-agụkarị n'òtù ndị obere dị ka Elfins (6–9). Okwu banyere nke a bụ:
Nhọrọ ọzọ ejiri mee ihe n'ime 1960s na 70s maka Elfin Creed bụ:
Ụfọdụ ndị mechara hụ ahịrị ikpeazụ dị ka onye na-enwe mmekọahụ na njedebe a gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ "ma na-eme ihe ọma nye mmadụ niile" Na njedebe nke ogige onye ọ bụla ga-ejikọta aka wee bụrụ abụ mmechi (nke bụ egwu Rote Falken ochie):
Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya n'ụkpụrụ okwukwe ahụ ji iti mkpu 'Olee' kama ịbụ 'Udo' kwụsịrị. Agbanwewo nke a n'ihi na onye pseudo-Native American sitere (ya na àgwà nkwado doro anya n'iji ya eme ihe) nke okwu 'Olee otú' adabaghị n'usoro iwu Woodcraft maka ịkwanyere omenala ndị ọzọ.
Nhọrọ ọzọ njedebe na nzukọ otu gụnyere Folkmarshal na Herald na-agbanwe ihe ndị a:
Nke a ga-esochi ya bụ egwu mkpọ ọkụ ma ọ bụ abụ ọzọ dabara adaba.
Woodcraft Folk bụ ọgbakọ onye kwuo uche ya. A na-ekpebi iwu na ogbako kwa afọ (Mgbakọta Kwa Afọ), nke ndị nnọchiteanya sitere na otu na mpaghara mpaghara na-abịa. N'etiti ọrụ ịchịkọta kwa afọ maka ịhazi nzukọ a na-adakwasị ndị otu kansụl General. Òtù ahụ na-ekwu na ha "na-etu ọnụ maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe dị ka ọkara nke Ụlọ Nzukọ Ọchịchị anyị ugbu a bụ ndị na-eto eto n'okpuru afọ 25".
Ndị otu mpaghara (DFs) nwekwara nzukọ ime mkpebi kwa afọ, nke a maara dị ka "Althing". A na-eme nke a n'October. Ha nwere kọmitii a họpụtara ahọpụta ebe a na-eme ọkwa ọ bụla afọ abụọ. Onye otu mpaghara ọ bụla nwere ike ịga na ịtụ vootu na mmegharị ahụ. Nke a apụtaghị na ha nọọrọ onwe ha kpam kpam site na isi ụlọ ọrụ Woodcraft Folk. Ndị otu mpaghara ka nwere ndị nnọchi anya na Mgbakọ Kwa Afọ, mkpebi ndị emere ebe ahụ ka na-emetụta.
Otu Woodcraft Folk na-arụ ọrụ na England, Scotland, Northern Ireland na Wales. Na Wales, a maara nzukọ a dị ka Gwerin y Coed. Otu dị iche iche na-ezukọ kwa izu, ihe omume ha gụnyere egwuregwu imekọ ihe ọnụ, ihe nkiri, njem ịma ụlọikwuu, ọrụ nka, ịbụ abụ na ịgba egwu, yana ịgbaso mmemme nkuzi dabere na ebumnuche na ụkpụrụ nke otu ahụ. Abalị otu na-adị n'etiti otu awa na abụọ, dabere na afọ ụmụaka ma ọ bụ ndị ntorobịa. A na-ekewa otu dị iche iche site na afọ.
N'okpuru isii. Otu afọ emebere nso nso a na Woodcraft Folk. Na mbụ, ndị na-erubeghị isii ka a na-eji aha dị iche iche mara n'enweghị iwu, gụnyere Pixies, Pigeons Wood na Mini-Elfins.
Ọ dị afọ isii ruo itoolu.
Afọ iri ruo iri na abụọ.
Afọ iri na atọ ruo iri na ise.
A na-eme mmemme Venturer na mba n'afọ atọ ọ bụla yana mmemme mpaghara na-eme ọtụtụ oge dị ka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri etiti abalị na London ma ọ bụ North London Venturer Camp. A na-eme ogige Venturer nke mba kwa afọ atọ ka onye Venturer ọ bụla nwee ike ịga otu ugboro. Ogige ọ bụla nwere isiokwu dị ukwuu ma na-eme ihe omume maka ndị Venturers ịga. Nke e mere na 2010 n'ogige ndị Biblin mebiri afọ atọ ahụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọ ga-emegide n'ụzọ ọzọ na International Camp na-abịa na 2011. Nke a na-enyere Venturers ndị dị afọ iri na atọ n'oge ogige na 2008 ịga Venturer Camp ugboro abụọ - mgbe afọ iri na atọ na otu ugboro iri na ise.
A na-ahazi ụmụaka dị afọ iri na isii ruo iri abụọ na ngalaba a na-akpọ ngagharị ndị otu mpaghara.
The District Fellows Movement (DFs) na-arụ ọrụ ma n'ọkwa otu mpaghara yana dịka mmegharị nnwere onwe n'ime Woodcraft Folk. Ndị DF na-agba ọsọ otu afọ site na kọmitii DF. Nke a na-ahazi mmemme atọ kwa afọ, Winter Wonderland, Spring Awakening na DF Camp yana AGM - Althing - na mpaghara atọ, ọgbakọ kọmitii mepere emepe akpọrọ Ihe. Ihe omume ndị ọzọ na-eme egwu na uwe mara mma - dịka "Span That World With Costume" na "Span That World with Music" - ndị otu na-ezukọ na mmemme mpaghara gụnyere oke osimiri na ụbọchị izu ụka Valentines.
Ndị DF nwere weebụsaịtị nke ha, "Span That World". Ha na-emekwa mkpọsa nke ha. Mgbasa ozi ikpeazụ bụ na ikike ndị ọrụ na otu ndị ahịa.
A na-akwụ Woodcraft Folk site na ndenye aha kwa izu site n'aka ụmụaka na ndị na-eto eto, ndị okenye na-akwụ ụgwọ kwa afọ yana ndị otu na-akwụ ụgwọ ndebanye aha obodo kwa afọ. Woodcraft Folk enwetawokwa nkwado dị ukwuu site na mmalite ya site n'otu ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Cooperatives UK.
Woodcraft Folk na-enweta enyemaka kwa afọ site na ngalaba maka agụmakwụkwọ na nka. Na 2005, Otú ọ dị, Woodcraft Folk tụfuru onyinye a. Ngalaba ahụ kwuru na nkwupụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ maka inye onyinye enweghị nkọwa zuru oke yana na ha enweghị "ihe ngosi nsonaazụ siri ike zuru oke", nke pụtara na ọ naghị anọchite anya "ezigbo uru maka ego", ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị òtù Woodcraft Folk kwuru na nke bụ eziokwu. Ihe mere e ji kwụsị ego ahụ bụ nguzo siri ike nke otu ahụ megide agha Iraq. Nke a bụ oge mbụ n'ime afọ iri anọ ndị ngalaba ahụ na-anabataghị ego maka nzukọ a. Ego onyinye ahụ nyere otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ego nyere aka kwụọ ụgwọ maka ndị ọrụ oge niile na isi ụlọ ọrụ Woodcraft Folk.
Woodcraft Folk gbagoro iji nwetaghachi ego ya na tupu ntuli aka nke May 2005 ka enyere onye ọrụ nke sitere na ngalaba maka agụmakwụkwọ na nka na-amalite na 2006 maka otu afọ yana nloghachi na obere ego n'afọ gachara.
Woodcraft Folk na-enwetakwa ego n'oge oge site n'aka ndị na-enye onyinye maka ọrụ ngo ọ na-arụ dị ka onyinye Ọzụzụ London sitere na City Bridge Trust. Enyemaka ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya gụnyere ndị maka Global Village 2006 sitere na ngalaba maka mmepe mba ụwa na otu na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ yana maka ọrụ ịma aka ihu igwe nke ọnwa 18, C-Change, sitere na ngalaba maka gburugburu ebe obibi, nri na ime obodo.
Ọ bụ ezie na òtù Britain, o nwere òtù ụmụnna nwanyị n'ụwa nile, site n'ịbụ akụkụ nke òtù ndị ntorobịa na-aga n'ihu na Brussels dabeere na Brussels, International Falcon Movement - Socialist Education International (IFM-SEI).
IFM-SEI na-ejikọta otu òtù ndị ntorobịa na-aga n'ihu na-enwe mmasị n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụwa, ọ bụ ezie na ndị mmekọ ya kachasị ike dị na Western Europe na Latin America. Ọ nwere odeakwụkwọ nke dabeere na Brussels. Carly Walker-Dawson, onye bụbu osote onye isi oche Woodcraft Folk bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu (ahọpụtara). Woodcraft Folk onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ ukwu Andy Piercy nọ ọdụ na Control Commission nke IFM-SEI ruo 2007.
Ogige mba ụwa ebe ndị otu ndị yiri ya nwere ike izute na netwọk na-eme kwa afọ na mba dị iche iche. Ogige mba ụwa na-eme na England kwa afọ anọ ma ọ bụ karịa.
Woodcraft Folk ejikọtara na NCVO, National Council for Voluntary Organisation, yana Council Scottish for Voluntary Organisation.
Na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ mmepe, Woodcraft bụ njikọ nke Association Education Development Association.
Ndị ntorobịa bụ isi 'quango' bụ NYA, National Youth Agency, nke Woodcraft na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. Woodcraft Folk na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ọrụ ntorobịa afọ ofufo, tumadi site na NCVYS (akpọ'nik-vis'), National Council for Voluntary Youth Service, nke gụnyekwara otu dị ka The Scout Association na Girlguiding UK.
Woodcraft Folk jikọtara ya na British Youth Council, otu nche anwụ maka kansụl ndị ntorobịa na otu ndị ntorobịa n'ofe UK.
Woodcraft Folk enweela kemgbe mmalite ya nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndị otu na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, ma na-enweta nkwado ego ugbu a site n'aka ndị otu dị iche iche.
Co-operatives UK (nke bụbu otu Co-operative Union) bụ njikọ nke ndị otu niile na UK. Woodcraft Folk bụ ndị otu Co-operatives UK na-arụkọ ọrụ na kọleji Co-operative.
Co-operatives UK (nke bụbu otu Co-operative Union) bụ njikọ nke ndị otu niile na UK. Woodcraft Folk bụ ndị otu Co-operatives UK na-arụkọ ọrụ na kọleji Co-operative.
Mmekọrịta na ndị Ramblers Association (RA), na Woodcraft Folk nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya na Youth Hostels Association (YHA) na-aga AGM na nzukọ ndị ọzọ iwu kwadoro. Woodcraft Folk jikọtara ya na Council for Environmental Education (CEE) na Central Council of Physical Recreation (UK) (CCPR).
Ndị otu ụlọ akwụkwọ Forest (FSC), nke na-ahazi ogige maka ụmụaka na ndị ntorobịa, nwere ebumnuche yiri nke ahụ na Woodcraft Folk nwere njikọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-aga n'ihu taa.
Woodcraft Folk Democratic Years na-agba ọsọ site na June ruo Mee na ego ha, afọ nchịkwa na-amalite site na Jenụwarị ruo Disemba. A họpụtara ndị odeakwụkwọ ukwu abụọ ikpeazụ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị ma ọ gwụla ma ekwughị na a ga-ahọpụta ndị isi oche mgbe Mgbakọ Kwa Afọ gachara obere oge n'etiti Julaị na Ọgọst.
Woodcraft Folk na-ahazi ma ogige na mpaghara yana ihe omume yana nnukwu ogige mba dị ka ogige maka ndị Venturers (lee n'elu) nke a na-eme kwa afọ atọ yana Ogige Mba Nile, nke a na-enwekarị kwa afọ ise ruo isii.
Ihe omume nke abụọ ruo ikpeazụ, Global Village Youth Festival nke 2006, bụ nke mbụ n'ime ihe karịrị afọ 60 ka e mere dị ka ogige IFM-SEI. Kemgbe ahụ, ememme mba ụwa ọzọ emeela. Akpọrọ ya CoCamp ma lekwasị anya na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ụwa. CoCamp bụ ogige IFM-SEI na-akwadoghị ya na ndị otu si n'akụkụ ụwa niile na-esonye na mmemme ahụ.
Ihe omume mpaghara bụ iji kwado obodo na ọdịnala obodo na ichetara ndị òtù ya mkpa ọ dị ijide n'aka n'echiche nke ikpe ziri ezi, ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, udo na imekọ ihe ọnụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị South West Woodcraft na-ezukọ kwa afọ na Levelers Day na ememme Tolpuddle Martyrs.
Courier bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị otu oge na-eweta akụkọ sitere n'ime Woodcraft Folk yana akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmemme mmasị ndị otu Woodcraft Folk.