davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Barzh Broadel Kembre

Barzh Broadel Kembre (Bardd Cenedlaethol Cymru e kembraeg ; National Poet of Wales e saozneg) zo ur garg enorus a roer d'ur barzh, dibabet gant an aozadur Llenyddiaeth Cymru-Literature Wales da vezañ "kannad sevenadurel" Kembre.
Dibabet e vez an den gant ur bodad a zo ennañ dileuridi eus Eisteddfod Vroadel Kembre, Levraoueg Vroadel Kembre, rann ar sevenadur e Gouarnamant Kembre, Kuzul Arzoù Kembre hag aozadurioù all c'hoazh. Gant Kuzul Arzoù Kembre e vez arc'hantet an anvadur-se. Bloaz e pad respet ar Barzh Broadel, met gallout a ra bezañ astennet ur bloavezh all. Gortoz a reer digant ar barzh bezañ e servij "Kembre a-bezh" hag ober kement-se "dre an div yezh". Dieub eo ar Barzh Broadel da sevel barzhonegoù evel ma kar ha ne c'hortozer ket digantañ labourat evel ma rae barzhed lez an amzer wechall, nag evel Barzh Ofisiel ar Rouantelezh.
Gwyn Thomas (barzh)

Gwyn Thomas (2 a viz Gwengolo 1936 – 13 a viz Ebrel 2016) a oa ur barzh kembraek hag ur skolveuriad. Barzh Broadel Kembre e oa bet e 2006-2008.
Ganet e voe e Tanygrisiau ha desavet e voe e Blaenau Ffestiniog, e kontelezh Gwynedd. Studioù a reas e skol-veur Kembre, e Bangor, hag en Skolaj Jezus, en Oxford.
E-pad meur a vloaz e voe kelenner e rann ar c'hembraeg e skol-veur Bangor hag e penn ar rann-se e voe ivez.
Embannet en deus 16 dastumad barzhonegoù ha meur a levr skridvarnerezh. Gantañ eo bet troet ar Mabinogi e saozneg ivez. E dorkad barzhonegoù kentañ, Chwerwder yn y Ffynhonnau ("C'hwervder er Feunteunioù"), a zeuas er-maez e 1962, hag an hini diwezhañ, Hen Englynion - Diweddariadauwas, a voe embannet e 2015 gant Barddas. E eñvorennoù en deus kontet e-barzh Bywyd Bach, embannet gant Gwasg Gwynedd e 2006, en dastumad Cyfres y Cewri (Dastumad ar Ramzed).
E 2006 ivez e voe anvet da Varzh Broadel Kembre, gant Llenyddiaeth Cymru-Literature Wales, an aozadur a gas war-raok al lennegezh e Kembre, koulz e kembraeg hag e saozneg.
Koñchennou eus Bro ar Stêr Aon

Koñchennou eus Bro ar Stêr Aon zo un dastumad kontadennoù, skrivet gant Yann ar Floc'h (1881-1936), anv-pluenn un den anvet "Jean Le Page" ("Jañ Pach" en e vro), eus Pleiben, hag a oa ivez “Pintig” e anv-barzh.
Embannet e oa bet ar c'hoñchennoù e Le Courrier du Finistère, Ar Bobl, Kroaz ar Vretoned, Ar Vro, ha Steredenn Boulvriag da gentañ-holl. Dastumet e oant bet en ul levr gant Yeun ar Gow, a oa mignon d'an oberour. Embannet e voe al levr e Levrdi Le Dault e Kemper, ha moulet er Baol e 1950, kent bezañ adembannet (e doare ar "skolveurieg") e 2002 gant Al Leur Nevez - Emgleo Breiz.
Unan eus gwellañ levrioù hon lennegezh-pobl eo hervez Yeun ar Gow en devoa skrivet c'hwec'h pajennad raklavar al levr.
Teir c'hoñchenn ha tregont a ya d'ober an daou c'hant trizek pajenn ha pevar-ugent a zo el levr Koñchennou eus Bro ar Stêr Aon :
Brezel Gall-Prusian eus 1870

Brezel gall-prusian 1870 a oa un ergerzhadeg vilourel etre ar C'hengevread Hanternoz, dindan renadur ar Brusianed, hag an eil Impalaeriezh c'hall. Abeg ar brezel-mañ e oa diskar rouaned Spagn ha kinnig Leopold von Hohenzollern da roue. Frañs a zisklêrias brezel ouzh Prusia d'an 19 Gouere 1870. Met ne oa ket gortozet gantañ kevredad broioù su alaman evel Rouantelezh Bavaria, Rouantelezh Württemberg, Dugelezh-veur Baden ha Hessen. Tra ma chomas neptu an nerzhioù europat all.
Gourfennañ a rejod gant faezhidigezh Bro-C'hall ha stagidigezh Elzas ha Loren ouzh Alamagn. Galloud an impalaer gall Napoleon III a voe taolet d'an diaz goude emgann Sedan.
La France insoumise

La France insoumise (a dalv kement ha "Bro-C'hall disent", berraet en FI pe LFI er mediaoù; dre e logo ofisiel ez eo phi φ) zo ur strollad politikel gall, krouet d'an 10 a viz C'hwevrer 2016.
Ar strollad a zo bet war ar renk evit dilennadegoù prezidant Bro-C'hall 2017 gant ar c'hannad Jean-Luc Mélenchon, hag a zo erruet e fin ar c'hentañ tro er pevare plas gant 19,58 % eus ar mouezhioù. Tremenet e oa kalz dirak kannad ar Strollad sokialour, Benoît Hamon (6,36 %). Goude eil tro an dilennadeg, la France insoumise a sav ur strollad deputeed gant 17 ezel er Vodadeg vroadel C'hall. Dilennet eo Jean-Luc Mélenchon da brezidant ar strollad.
France Prešeren

Ur barzh sloven eo bet France Prešeren (3 Kerzu, 1800 - 8 C'hwevrer, 1849).
Sellet e vez ouzh France Prešeren evel ouzh barzh brasañ Slovenia. Priziet-kaer eo en e vro met pelloc'h ivez rak e varzhoniezh a oa diouzh standardoù lennegezh diorroet Europa ar mare. Unan eus gwellañ romantelourien Europa eo bet.
Ganet e oa bet war ar maez e Vrba, e Slovenia. Fellout a rae d'e vamm ez afe da veleg met den a Iliz ne zeuas ket da vezañ. Prederouriezh a studias ha, goude-se, gwir e skol-veur Vienna. Tapet e zoktorelezh war ar gwir gantañ e kavas fred evel skoazeller en un embregerezh war ar gwir e Ljubljana. Morse ne zeuas da vezañ ur gwiraour war e gont avat.
Barzhonegoù a skrive war e amzer vak. War-eeun eo awenet e varzhoneg vrudet Sonetni Venec (garlantezenn sonedennoù) gant e garantez c'hwitet evit Julija Primic (alamanekaet e "Julia Primitz") ha marv e vignon tost, ar barzh Matija Čop (Matthias Tschop). Evel gortozet e santer en ur c'halz eus e labourioù pasionoù goudrenk. Dedennus eo ar furmad bet implijet gantañ evit skrivañ Sonetni Venec : Dont a ra linenn ziwezhañ ur sonedenn da vezañ linenn gentañ an hini a zeu d'he heul. Evel-se ez a pevarzek sonedenn an dastumad da sevel ur c'harlantezennad tortiset a fromoù lourennek; n'hall ket sonedenn ebet bezañ drezi hec'h-unan. Mont a ra gwerzioù kentañ ar pevarzek sonedenn hag o lizherennoù kentañ da stummañ ar gerioù ""Primicovi Julji", "da Julija Primic". Lakaet eo bet seizhvet strofad barzhoneg Zdravljica (Yec'hed) Prešeren da gan-broadel e 1991. E meur a yezh eo bet troet e varzhonegoù. Kalz en deus bet skrivet en alamaneg ivez. Lod eus e varzhonegoù bet embannet evit ar wech kentañ war ar gazetenn a veze kinniget e sloveneg hag en alamaneg, ar pezh a ziskuilh e ijin barzhek muioc'h c'hoazh.
Marvet eo d'an 8 a viz C'hwevrer, 1849 e Kranj e Slovenia. Graet e vez bremañ Deiz Prešeren eus an 8 C'hwevrer eno hag un devezh gouel sevenadurel broadel eo. Gwelet e vez ivez Prešeren war ar bilhedoù 1000 tolar ha war Plasenn Prešeren e Ljubljana ez eus un delwenn eus ar barzh a sell da viken war-du un izelvos eus Julija pintet uhel war voger ur savadur er penn all eus ar blasenn.
A-wechoù e vez implijet e anv dindan ar stumm alamanek "Franz Prescheren", dreist-holl en dielloù kozh a sav d'ar mare ma oa Slovenia dindan beli Aostria.
Argantael (Abeozen)

Argantael zo ur romant brezhonek savet gant Abeozen etre 1943 ha 1957.
Embannet e oa bet evit ar wech kentañ e div lodenn e-barzh div niverenn eus ar gelaouenn Al Liamm :
Dont a reas e-maez e 1989, dindan stumm ul levr bet embannet gant Al Liamm a-raok bezañ adembannet e 2011 gant An Alarc'h Embannadurioù.
Kriz e vo planedenn an Tregeriad yaouank Lan Rannou. Aet da stourmer komunour tamm-ha-tamm, desket en deus diwar e goust n'hall ket an den pleustriñ war ar politikerezh hag ober war-dro e familh war un dro, dreist-holl p'eo bet desavet e wreg en un tiegezh devot kenañ : graet e veno gantañ mont kuit diouzh e bried, Renea Voulc'h, hag e verc'hig Soazig.
Soñjal a ra dezhañ e tro e donkadur da vat pa gej gant ar Gernevadez Lena Stervinou, da-geñver ur brezegenn dalc'het gant Marcel Cachin (Etre Koroll ha Kan, ez oa savet Marsel gozh da zistagañ un tamm prezegenn da Vretoned Paris.) e Kernevez-ar-Roue (Villeneuve-le-Roi e galleg). Dindan nebeut amzer e tiwan ur garantez don etre an daou zen yaouank, tra ma ra freuz ha reuz Brezel Spagn er c'hreisteiz da Vro-C'hall. Ha Lena dougerez. Siwazh dezhi ez eo tizhet gant un tenn dall tra ma oa oc'h arvestiñ ouzh un dibunadeg : ne vo ket ar vezeien evit saveteiñ he buhez na hini ar plac'hig a zouge, Argantael an anv-bihan dibabet dezhi...
Public holidays in Belgium

In Belgium, there are ten official public holidays. Other particular days are also celebrated, but these are not official public holidays and employers are not obliged to give their employees a day off. However, some employers do award a day's holiday in accordance with union.
In addition to the above, the same legal text names all Sundays as public holidays (which is why Easter and Pentecost, which always fall on Sundays, are "feasted" by extending the Sunday holiday to the following Monday).
The days of the three communities are holidays for their civil servants and for employees of institutions controlled, supervised or financed by them (e.g. municipalities, universities) and may also be observed by banks in the community concerned. King's Feast is a holiday observed by all (i.e. federal, community or regional, provincial and local) administrations, including some of the schools they organize.
Opinion polling for the 2027 French presidential election

This page lists public opinion polls conducted for the 2027 French presidential election. The first round is expected to be in April of 2027.
If a candidate receives an absolute majority (50%+1, including blank and void ballots), the election ends after the first round and the second round does not occur. If a second round occurs, the two candidates who receive the most votes in the first round move on to the second round. Candidates are listed from left to right based on their party's position on the left-right spectrum; when there are several candidates from one party, then they are ordered alphabetically by their last name.
On 31 March, Marine Le Pen was barred from running for public office for 5 years, following her embezzlement conviction.
This round occurs if no candidate earns an absolute majority (including blank and void ballots) in the first round (50%+1). The two candidates who receive the most votes in the first round move on to the second round with the candidate who receives the most votes being declared the winner.
On 31 March, Marine Le Pen was barred from running for public office for 5 years, following her embezzlement conviction.
Macron is not eligible to run for a third consecutive term.
Holding hands

Holding hands is a form of physical intimacy involving two or more people. It may or may not be romantic. Couples often hold hands while walking together outdoors.
In Western culture, spouses and romantic couples often hold hands as a sign of affection or to express psychological closeness. Non-romantic friends may also hold hands, although acceptance of this varies by culture and gender role. Parents or guardians may hold the hands of small children to exercise guidance or authority. In terms of romance, handholding is often used in the early stages of dating or courtship to express romantic interest in a partner. Handholding is also common in advanced stages of a romantic relationship where it may be used to signify or seek solace and reassurance.
Same-sex couples may avoid holding hands in public due to homophobia. In 2012, an average of 74% of gay men and 51% of lesbian women responded to an EU Fundamental Rights Agency survey saying they avoid holding hands in public for fear of harassment or assault. These responses varied from 45% to 89% depending on country, with an average of 66%.
In Arab countries, North Africa, some parts of Asia and traditionally in some Mediterranean and Southern European cultures (especially in Sicily), males also hold hands for friendship and as a sign of respect; a custom which is especially noticed by societies unused to it, for instance when, in 2005, Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia held hands with the United States President George W. Bush.
Dignity Health (31 May 2016). "The Science Behind The Profound Power Of Holding Hands". Huffington Post. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
Hand with Reflecting Sphere

Hand with Reflecting Sphere, also known as Self-Portrait in Spherical Mirror, is a lithograph by Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in January 1935. The piece depicts a hand holding a reflective sphere. In the reflection, most of the room around Escher can be seen, and the hand holding the sphere is revealed to be Escher's.
Self-portraits in reflective, spherical surfaces are common in Escher's work. In much of his self-portraiture of this type, Escher is in the act of drawing the sphere, whereas in this image he is seated and gazing into it. On the walls there are several framed pictures, one of which appears to be of an Indonesian shadow puppet.
Pen's parade

Pen's Parade or The Income Parade is a concept described in a 1971 book published by Dutch economist Jan Pen describing income distribution. The parade is defined as a succession of every person in the economy, with their height proportional to their income, and ordered from lowest to greatest. People with average income would be of average height, and so the spectator. The Pen's description of what the spectator would see is a parade of dwarves, and then some unbelievable giants at the very end.
The original context of the parade is the United Kingdom, and the duration is one hour. The parade is used by economists as a graphical representation of income inequality because it is a form of quantile function and it is considered useful when comparing two different areas or periods.
Musikk i middelalderen

Musikk i middelalderen er musikk fra perioden mellom ca. år 500 og 1400. Musikken er i stor grad anonym og domineres i størstedelen av perioden av kirkelig musikk, spesielt gregoriansk sang. Først på 1300-tallet ble det alminnelig at komponistnavnet følger musikken. På omtrent samme tid blir flerstemt musikk populært, og begrepet Ars nova spiller en markant rolle.
Kunstmusikk fra middelalderen er stort sett ensbetydende med kirkemusikk, fordi det var denne musikken som ble ansett som viktig nok til å noteres ned, etter som det var både tungvint og dyrt å notere på datidens pergament. Det var kirken og munkene som var best organisert på denne tiden, og kirken var det eneste offisielle konsertlokale. Det ser derfor i etterkant ut som om kirkemusikken var det eneste rådende. Det fantes imidlertid også en rik kultur av verdslig musikk, som ble fremført av "artister" på torg og i gater.
Et viktig trekk ved det vi tenker på som klassisk musikk, er at den er notert ned på noter. Vårt moderne notasjons-system har sine røtter i kirkemusikken i middelalderen. Det ble etterhvert viktig å notere ned kirkemusikkens standardrepertoar, den gregorianske sangen, og neumene, forløperen til moderne notasjon, ble utviklet.
I perioden 1170-1250 var Notre-Dame-kirken i Paris et viktig senter for komponert flerstemmig musikk. Viktige komponister var Leonin og Perotin. De benyttet neumer, og et rytmisk system som kalles modalnotasjon.
Perioden 1150-1300 betegnes Ars antiqua. I denne perioden vokser flere genrer fram, som motett, den polyfone cantilena, og teknikken hoquetus. Det viktigste var kanskje at den moderne måten å notere rytme på gradvis ble utviklet.
1300-tallet ble betegnet allerede i samtiden som Ars nova (Den nye kunst). Italia opplever en velstandsperiode, og utvikler et rikt kulturliv. I Italia betegnes epoken som Trecento. Den klassiske musikken begynner til en viss grad å løsrive seg fra kirken.
Italienske komponister:
Franske komponister:
Musikkformer:
Evangelical Lutheran Church (USA)

Evangelical Lutheran Church (ELC) var et luthersk kirkesamfunn som eksisterte fra 1917, da det ble grunnlagt som Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (NLCA). Kirken bestod til 1960, da den ble sammen med to andre kirker for å danne The American Lutheran Church (TALC).
I 1959, rett før sammenslåingen til ALC, hadde ELC 2.242 pastorer, 2.482 menigheter og 1.125.867 medlemmer.
Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (NLCA) ble dannet ved sammenslåingen av Hauge Synod (etablert i 1876), Norwegian Synod (etablert i 1853) og United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (etablert i 1890). NLCA skiftet navn til Evangelical Lutheran Church (ELC) i 1946 som en del av dens amerikaniseringsprosess.
I 1960 slo ELC seg sammen med lutherske kirker med tysk og dansk bakgrunn for å danne American Lutheran Church, det første lutherske trossamfunn i Nord-Amerika som hadde flere etniske bakgrunner. Denne sammenslåingen av lutherske kirker fortsatte inn i nyere tid, ved at ALC i 1988 slo seg sammen med andre for å danne Evangelical Lutheran Church in America i 1988.
Algirdas Brazauskas

Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas (født 22. september 1932 i Rokiskis, død 26. juni 2010) var en litauisk politiker. Han var Litauens president 1993–1998 og statsminister 2001–2006.
Han ble valgt til Litauens Øverste Råd i 1990 fra Kaisiadorys valgdistrikt. Han var formann i Litauens demokratiske arbeiderparti (LDDP) fra 9. desember 1990. Tidligere var han leder av parlamentets venstrefraksjon.
Han gikk ut av grunnskolen i 1951. I 1956 var han utdannet ingeniør i hydroteknisk bygging fra Kaunas polytekniske institutt. Han arbeidet ved Kaunas hydrotekniske kraftstasjon som sjef for byggings- og monteringsstyret ved et kraftverk.
I oktober 1988 ble han førstesekretær og 3. januar 1990 ble han formann for presidiet til Den litauiske sosialistiske sovjetrepublikks øverste sovjet. Fra mars 1990 til januar 1991 var han visestatsminister. Han har også vært medlem av Litauens Øverste Råds økonomikommisjon og medlem av Sovjetunionens parlament.
I 2005 var han anklaget av litauisk media for økonomiske uryddigheter i forbindelse med privatiseringen av hotellet Crowne Plaza, et av Vilnius' største hoteller, som hans kone, Kristina Brazauskiene, eide. Den 1. juni 2006 ble det kjent at Brazauskas trakk seg som statsminister, etter at et av koalisjonspartiene gikk ut av regjeringen.
Brazauskas var gift for andre gang og hadde to døtre.
Brazauskas ble i 1998 hedret med storkors av Den Kongelige Norske Fortjenstorden. I 1996 mottok han Den hvite ørns orden fra Polens president.
Norway, Illinois

Norway is an unincorporated community in Mission Township, LaSalle County, Illinois. Located along the Fox River, the community was the site of an early Norwegian-American settlement. Today it is the site of the State of Illinois Norwegian Settlers Memorial.
Norway received its name from the nearby rural community of settlers from Norway in the area known as the Fox River Settlement. The village was the center of Norwegian immigration dating to 1834. The settlers had in large part relocated from the Kendall Settlement in New York State which had been founded earlier by pioneers who arrived from Norway during 1825 aboard the Restauration. Norwegian-American pioneer leader Cleng Peerson founded this second settlement in the Fox River Valley of Illinois.
Norway does not have a local government, fire district, school district, local policing or postal services. Most local government services are provided by the nearby community of Sheridan. Postal addresses are designated as either being in Sheridan or Serena both of which are no more than six miles away.
Norway and the neighboring community of Newark represent the predominating Scandinavian heritage of the far northeast corner of LaSalle County, part of Kendall County, and far southeast corner of DeKalb County. Norway was also an early site of missionary work by Mormons, which laid the groundwork for later Mormon missions in Scandinavia.
Just south of Norway, there is a memorial dedicated to Norwegian immigrants who settled in the area, with a small park, a cemetery, and a plaque from King Olav V. This memorial commemorates the Fox River Settlement, the site of the first permanent Norwegian-American immigrant settlement in the Midwest.
Norsk Museum is located 9 miles northeast of Ottawa, Illinois on highway 71. The museum is located in a former Norwegian Lutheran Church which served as a house of worship from 1848 until 1918. Norsk Museum is dedicated to the Scandinavian settlers who founded the area around Norway, Illinois in the 1800s.
Norway is deeply connected to its past, as most evidently shown at the Norway Store. The store has sat on the same spot for over a century, and the Borchsenius family, which started the store, still continues to own the store, as well as a nursery and a few other pieces of land in the immediate area.
Raku

Raku, cerámica raku y raku-yaki (楽焼), denominan tanto a la técnica como a un tipo de alfarería tradicional esencialmente japonesa, aparecida durante el periodo Momoyama (1572-1615) y desarrollada por el alfarero Chōjirō (長次郎) para Sen Rikyū, maestro de la ceremonia del té («chanoyu»).​​ El kanji (ideograma, equivalente a palabra) «raku» significa tranquilidad, pero también "diversión" o "felicidad".
Los primeros recipientes del «raku-yaki» fueron las tazas de tipo «chawan», pequeños cuencos sin asas hechos a mano, irregulares, rústicas, monocromas, sin decoración y sin embargo delicadas (siguiendo preceptos budistas elementales dentro de la filosofía zen). Destacan las piezas de raku rojo («aka-raku»), y raku negro («kuro-raku»).​
Para la técnica raku, las piezas que se utilizan deben estar sancochadas o estar en bizcocho, usualmente haciendo la primera quema en un horno de leña (de manera tradicional) o de gas según lo requiera el material con el que se está trabajando. Cuando la pieza se encuentre fría, se procede a lavarla con abundante agua (y jabón en polvo de ser posible) para posteriormente dejarla secar al sol. después de este punto habrá que ser sumamente cuidadoso de tocar la pieza lo menos posible ya que la grasa natural de las manos puede reducir la eficiencia del esmalte. Para aplicar el esmalte se puede utilizar una brocha, sumergir la pieza o derramar el esmalte sobre ésta para posteriormente dejarlo secar. La pieza esmaltada se coloca en un horno pequeño a 900 °C aproximadamente. Depende del esmalte o lustre utilizado, hay de temperaturas menores y otros para mayores de 1000 °C. Se acostumbraba a utilizar hornos de gas pero con los avances en tecnología, hay algunos modelos que proporcionan este tipo de técnica aun siendo eléctricos. Cuando los esmaltes alcanzan su punto de cocimiento se sacan, en estado de incandescencia y se depositan cuidadosamente, con la ayuda de pinzas de hierro, en un recipiente lleno de viruta de madera, aserrín (también se pueden usar hojas de diario u hojas secas de árbol). El contacto con este medio incendia la viruta, las hojas o el papel y se genera una enorme cantidad de humo que penetra en la pieza tiñéndola y entra a ser parte de ella.
Los esmaltes (óxidos) con que han sido pintadas las piezas proporcionan una parte del oxígeno para esta combustión, convirtiéndose (reduciéndose) así en metal puro, lo cual le da la apariencia característica a esta cerámica. Luego de varios minutos, el proceso químico se fija bajando bruscamente la temperatura con agua. Se obtienen al final tonalidades, texturas, matices y colores que van desde los rojos metalizados hasta craquelados, nacarados y tornasoles característicos de esta técnica.​
Si durante el horneado se rompe o daña alguna pieza por tensiones internas o cambios de temperatura, era tradición entre los alfareros japoneses resaltar estas cicatrices al soldar con metales preciosos la pieza. Esta técnica se conoce con el nombre de Kintsugi.​
Cuenco

Un cuenco o bol (del inglés bowl) es todo aquel recipiente que tiene las funciones de un tazón, pero de forma semiesférica y sin asas.​ Se emplea tanto para contener líquidos o granos como para beber, y en la moderna vajilla, los tamaños grandes pueden aceptar el uso de ensaladera (aunque el diccionario define esta última como fuente honda).​ En la cocina japonesa y la cocina china, el cuenco es el recipiente rey de la vajilla.​
Los prescriptivistas lingüísticos desaconsejan la grafía boul y consideran obsoleta la grafía bowl .​​
Los primitivos cuencos de piedra, arcilla y madera, con el progreso de las civilizaciones se fabricaron en materiales de todo tipo: cerámicos, bronces, vidrios, así como en piedras y metales diversos (mármoles, cobre, plata y oro, etc.); tuvieron especial desarrollo en la industria de la porcelana, y más recientemente en la del vidrio borosilicatado y los plásticos.
En alfarería tradicional, cuenco es sinónimo de escudilla, y se describe como vaso cuyo diámetro -generalmente inferior a 20 cm.- es entre dos y cuatro veces superior a su altura. Sus hermanos mayores reciben nombres más concretos, relacionados con su uso, como por ejemplo: ensaladera, ponchera, tostador de café, etc.​ Los cuencos fabricados en modernos materiales suelen estar preparados para métodos de cocción como el horno y el microondas.
Estofado (arte)

El estofado es una técnica en madera policromada. El origen del nombre se cree que se encuentra en la palabra italiana "stoffa" (tela), que hace referencia a la tela fina representada por dicho trabajo.
El material principal es el pan de oro (también pan de plata o de cobre), unas láminas del metal que imprimen esta tonalidad sobre las superficies en las que se aplica. Luego, con diferentes pigmentos se cubren esas láminas, y finalmente mediante el raspado de estas últimas capas, se hacen dibujos dejando al descubierto el oro subyacente.​
Preparación
Aplicando el dorado
Pintado
Decoración
Infusión

Una infusión es una bebida obtenida de las hojas, las flores, las raíces, las cortezas, los frutos o las semillas de ciertas hierbas y plantas, que pueden ser aromáticas o no. En concreto, a dichas hojas, flores, frutos o semillas se les vierte agua caliente —o se introducen en agua caliente—, sin que esta agua llegue al punto de ebullición.
El café entró en nuestra historia a través del mundo árabe. Parece demostrado que las tribus nómadas de Etiopía y Arabia, donde el cafeto crece silvestre; lo consumían, aunque no lo tomaban en forma de bebida, sino que lo machacaban y mezclaban con grasa, formando unas bolas que se iban comiendo.
Las infusiones más comunes son: el café, el té, la hierbabuena, la menta, el mate, la manzanilla, la tila, el boldo, el crisantemo, el jazmín, el hibiscus, el anchan, la horchata, e innumerable cantidad de otras plantas medicinales.
En física, se denomina así a la acción de extraer de un producto, mezcla o solución (tanto como al producto extraído) las partes solubles en agua a una temperatura mayor a la ambiente, y menor a la de hervor.
Una infusión es una disolución cuyo objetivo clínico próximo consiste en ser inyectada en algún compartimento corporal, generalmente el torrente circulatorio venoso, en cuyo caso se denomina infusión intravenosa (IV) o endovenosa (EV). Pero, en el caso de que el compartimento fuera la luz del tubo digestivo y esa infusión fuera introducida por la boca, tal infusión se debe denominar infusión oral, por ejemplo, una infusión de té.
Ordinariamente las infusiones son disoluciones acuosas de algún soluto, es decir, el resultado de diluir un soluto en agua pero sin que ésta contenga soluto sobrenadando, depositado en el fondo del recipiente o flotando en algún punto de la masa de disolvente. El soluto será siempre la sustancia que va a ser disuelta en el diluyente. Son posibles disoluciones con disolventes distintos al agua, por ejemplo, alcohol o algún líquido oleoso y el soluto puede ser materia sólida como, por ejemplo, sal común, gaseoso como, por ejemplo, anhídrido carbónico inyectado a presión o una sustancia líquida como, por ejemplo, ácido acético.
Bluenote Café

Bluenote Café es un álbum en directo del músico canadiense Neil Young, publicado por la compañía discográfica Reprise Records el 13 de noviembre de 2015.​ El álbum es el undécimo volumen de la serie Archive Performance Series e incluye extractos de conciertos que Young ofreció entre noviembre de 1987 y agosto de 1988 como promoción del álbum This Note's for You con el grupo The Bluenotes.​
Todas las canciones escritas y compuestas por Neil Young.
Servilleta de papel

La servilleta de papel es un producto de un solo uso elaborado con hojas de papel absorbente.
Cumple generalmente las mismas funciones que las servilletas convencionales de tela utilizándose para limpiarse la boca y las manos durante la comida. Las servilletas se dejan sobre la mesa cerca de los platos, o en servilleteros, para que los comensales se sirvan.
Las servilletas o toallas de papel se emplean además como elementos higiénicos para secar superficies mojadas o húmedas, secar las manos mojadas, secar algunos alimentos, etc. fueron inventadas en el año 1907 por el ingeniero Arthur Scott. Pues no es probable que fuera el 1907, ni que fuera ese señor, puesto que se habla de esas servilletas en el libro de la escritora Louisa May Alcott, "An old-fashioned girl", editado en1869 [libro en Archive.org, publicado con Google, pag. 267, línea 14 <...my brown-paper napkins...>]
Actualmente existen muchos fabricantes de servilletas de papel por todo el mundo. Se fabrican de varias calidades, colores y tamaños. Siempre que hablamos de tamaños lo hacemos en centímetros y con la servilleta abierta. Para conocer el tamaño que tiene la servilleta cerrada hay que dividirlo por la mitad. Por ejemplo: una servilleta de 20x20 (tamaño abierta) medirá 10x10cm. cuando se nos presente dentro de su envoltorio. Los principales tamaños son los siguientes de menor a mayor:
20x20 suele utilizarse para cocteles y aperitivos. También se utiliza como posavasos por sus dimensiones. Ésta servilleta es la que más confusiones causa por su tamaño, ya que habitualmente se la confunde con la 40x40, ya que esta última plegada mide 20x20. Son servilletas completamente distintas y salta a la vista pues la de la servilleta 40x40 podríamos sacar 4 servilletas 20x20. Es muy recomendable hablar de tamaño abierto o cerrado para evitar confusiones. 24x24 es un tamaño poco utilizado en España. Otros países como Francia y Alemania usan esta en lugar de la 20x20. 30x30 normalmente se utiliza para comidas no muy grasientas como almuerzos y meriendas. 33x33 esta servilleta está más indicada para comidas de mediodía por ser un tamaño estándar mediano. 40x40 este tamaño se utiliza mayoritariamente en cenas. Es una servilleta grande y suele tener mayor diversidad de colores y calidades que todas las demás.
En cuanto a las calidades, las más utilizadas en España son:
Celulosa de 1 capa: La más barata y económica. En algunos tamaños no se fabrica y sus colores son limitados.
Celulosa de 2 capas: Es la más utilizada por ser absorbente y tener un cuerpo aceptable.
Según su modo de fabricación se consiguen diferentes acabados que afectan a la calidad de la servilleta como a su textura:​
Celulosa de 3 capas: Prácticamente idéntica a la de 2 capas pero con una capa más. Lógicamente tiene más cuerpo y es más resistente.
Servilletero

El servilletero es un utensilio utilizado para contener o guardar servilletas de papel.​ El término servilletero también se usa para designar al aro con el que se identifican las servilletas de tela para el servicio de mesa doméstico.
Los servilleteros para servilletas de papel se colocan sobre la mesa para que los comensales se vayan sirviendo. Algunos cuentan con un muelle trasero que provoca que la servilleta esté siempre disponible al frente. Otros tienen una salida superior por la que se extraen las servilletas. La disposición alterna de las servilletas en el mazo hace que al extraer una, el extremo de la siguiente asome por la ranura.
Los servilleteros verticales consisten en un soporte metálico o de otro material en el que las servilletas son introducidas a presión. De esta manera, quedan siempre erguidas y ocupan un espacio reducido. También existen servilleteros horizontales que consisten en una cesta abierta por arriba que cuenta con un peso basculante para mantenerlas en su sitio. En este caso, las servilletas se apoyan una encima de la otra. Pueden ser de metal, plástico o madera, entre otros materiales.
Los servilleteros automáticos son un tipo de servilleteros que por medio de un resorte o mediante el pliegue de la servilleta siempre permanecen listos para sacar otra.
Los servilleteros triangulares son los típicos utilizados en los bares ya que al ser de acero inoxidable permiten su fácil limpieza y al ser de dimensiones reducidas ocupan poco espacio en la mesa.
Los servilleteros para servilletas de tela suelen consistir en un aro por el que se introduce esta doblada para guardarla. Suelen colocarse sobre los platos o junto a estos en el momento de poner la mesa. Se fabrican en gran variedad de diseños y materiales: madera, metal, plástico, etc.
En el hogar, utilizar servilleteros de diferentes formas o colores permite identificar la servilleta de cada comensal.
Zarf

A zarf (plural: zarfs, zarves; Turkish: zarflar; Arabic: zuruuf) is a cup holder, usually of ornamented metal, for a coffee cup without a handle (demitasse or fincan).
Although coffee was probably discovered in Ethiopia, it was in Turkey around the 13th century that it became popular as a beverage. As with the serving of tea in China and Japan, the serving of coffee in Turkey was a complex, ritualized process. It was served in small cups without handles (known as fincan, pronounced /finˈd͡ʒan/), which were placed in holders known as zarf (from the Arabic: ظرف, romanized: ẓarf; plural ظُرُوف ẓurūf, meaning "container" or "envelope") to protect the cup and also the fingers of the drinker from the hot liquid.
Cups were typically made of porcelain, but also of glass and wood. However, because the holder was more visible, it was typically more heavily ornamented.
When coffee began to be served in cardboard cups in the late 20th century, the zarf became disposable as well. The corrugated coffee cup sleeve was invented in 1991.
The zarf was often made from metal, with silver, gold, copper, and brass being the most common materials used. Others were also made of woods such as coconut, ebony or other hardwoods, or of ivory, bone, horn, or tortoiseshell. Today, zarf can be the name of a cardboard coffee cup sleeve.
Metal zarfs were sometimes filigreed, decorated with chasing, niello, engraving, or set with precious stones.
Sets of zarfs, decorated with enamel and gems, were popular across the Islamic world. During the 19th century, Enamel workshops in Geneva produced large quantities of zarf sets for this market. These were decorated with brightly coloured enamel and motifs that included musical instruments or military trophies.
Wooden zarfs, of which very few remain, were favored because of the natural aroma of the wood from which they were fashioned. They were very fragile.
Tortoiseshell, horn and ivory zarfs required special skill to make. In the first two cases, sheets of the material in question were softened in hot water and then clamped in a mold to create the required shape. Ivory was carved in the same way as wood; however, its greater value meant that more care was needed to avoid mistakes.
Gibil Gabib

Gibil Gabib (also referred to as Gibil Habib) is an archaeological site located about 5 km south of Caltanissetta, on a 615-metre-high (2,018 ft) mountain on the island of Sicily.
Excavations were first undertaken in the area in the middle of the 19th century and were reprised with great enthusiasm in the 1950s by the archaeologist Dinu Adameșteanu. They came to an end in 1984. In those undertaken in the middle of the 20th century, remains dating to the 6th century BC were brought to light, including parts of the city walls and some ceramic objects of the Bronze Age Castelluccio culture, while the 1980s excavations revealed a defensive tower from the middle of the 6th century BC. These discoveries were of great significance, because they helped to clarify the course of the city wall discovered almost thirty years earlier.
Objects discovered in the excavations include vases, objects for everyday use, plates and lamps, as well as a terracotta statue of a female divinity and the terracotta head, which demonstrate the existence of various spaces dedicated to religious cult. At the base of the mountain there is a necropolis, where Siceliote red-figure pottery was found.
The key characteristics of the site are:
Images of objects from Gibil Gabib:
蛎饼

蛎饼（平話字：diê-biāng），又称海蛎饼，是福州传统的风味小吃，以大米与黄豆粉磨成的浆、海蛎肉、猪瘦肉、芹菜或包菜、紫菜、萝卜丝炸制而成，成品多为圆形薄饼状，色金黄、壳酥，也有少部分为圆圈状，方便沥干油、降温；闽南地区作法则是在一圆形器具上，放大量葱花，胡萝卜丝，先加上海蛎再裹上面粉，然后到油锅里炸成。
按黄豆三斤、大米七斤、盐二两的比例制皮，以牡蛎、猪瘦肉为馅。先将大米、黄豆在清水中浸约两小时，然后沥干、加水磨成浆，调入食盐搅拌。接著把大锅放在中火上，倒入大量花生油，烧至六成熟时，在凹铁勺里放入米浆，先放上猪瘦肉、紫菜、包菜、芹菜，再放上海蛎，然后盖上米浆放入油锅炸，面呈金黄色时捞起把油沥干，也有盖上米浆后把海蛎点缀在蛎饼表面的。
离渔港近的地區常用新鲜海蛎；福州市区部分人住所离渔港远，购买新鲜海蛎不便故不加海蛎；部分小吃店为降低成本也不加海蛎。
福州人大多把蛎饼做早点配菜，以鼎边糊配蛎饼。
福清人会於春节炸蛎饼，一般的家庭主妇都会而且代代相传。
同性戀恐懼

同性戀恐懼（英語：homophobia；法語：homophobie）亦稱恐同，或反同。同性戀恐懼症是指對同性戀的排斥，包括涉及反感、鄙视、厭惡、仇恨、偏見和歧視，可能是基于恐惧，有时也涉及到受宗教信仰及社會文化的影響。
英文单词homophobia是由心理学家乔治·温伯格在他的书《社会和健康的同性恋》（1972年）中创立的新语。它可以分解为两个希腊单字：homo表示“相同”，phobia表示恐惧。它看起来像homosexual（同性恋）和phobia（恐惧）的混合词。在这之前，温赖特·丘吉尔博士（Dr. Wainwright Churchill）在他的《男性中的同性恋行为》（1967年）中曾使用过homoerotophobia。
同性恋恐惧通常表示了对同性恋和同性恋本身的没有理由的憎恨和恐惧。
爭取同性恋权利活躍人士用这个字来描述所有来自于恐同者对同性恋毫无原因的憎恨和恐惧。例如，Scott Bidstrup在他的一本名为《同性恋恐惧：仇恨背后的恐惧》（Homophobia: The Fear Behind The Hatred）的文章中声明道：
有的人认为可以有合理的理由反对，只是把他们描述为非常的不寻常,不過這又似乎不是恐同性。例如Niclas Berggren在《独立同性恋论坛》（Independent Gay Forum）中争论道：
反對者并不认同这标签。例如，Jarrod Carter在1995年写给学生报纸的一封信中说：
本来同性恋权利运动者用恐同（homophobia）这个字来描述所有来自于恐同者（homophobic）对同性恋毫无原因的憎恨和恐惧，反对者认为这么解释homophobia是胡说八道，反对者认为恐同是指某人怕同性恋，或担心成为同性恋，而怕是因为他们相信同性恋是不道德的，并担心“不道德的”同性恋真的获得其本没有资格获得的政治和社会权利。
包括反同性恋权利运动人士在内的一部分人，拒绝使用恐同（homophobia）这个字。他们认为homophobia这个字没有区分非理智的憎恨、恐惧同性恋的人和由于其宗教背景而反对同性恋的人之间的不同，其意义太过模糊。而同性恋权利活动家则反驳说，并不是相信同性恋是错误的这个观念构成了恐同，而是特定的立场和行为，例如反对为同性恋提供平等权利和保护，构成了恐同。同性恋权利活动家判定某人是不是恐同，是看他具体的立场和行为，而不考虑他的观念是什么。（需要注意的是，也有一种观点认为哪怕只是观念上的反对和恐惧，也构成恐同）。普遍反对同性恋的“异性恋至上主义者”皆认同，同性恋者利用“恐惧”这个字来丑化和贬低异性恋至上主义者，误导群众认为反对同性恋者都出于无知以致于害怕和恐惧同性恋，而事实卻相反。不過也有說法是恐同指的是恐懼同性戀動搖其異性戀霸權的地位，正如同過往父權主義打壓女性的理由相似。
一些活动分子把恐同称为异性恋至上主义。反同性恋团体认为这是一个企图使得反对同性恋的人受到孤立的称法。
对恐同的起因目前还在广泛的争论当中，但人们基本上支持恐同的信念和态度，是与恐同患者自身的性取向是没有关系的。
生育本能说被认为是恐同最本质的来源。对于父母，孩子如果是同性恋，这将会打破生物繁衍的链条，成为对本家族继续繁衍的潜在威胁。除了宗教，有种观念认为，人在死后其生命会和谐的在其孩子以及孩子的孩子身体裡和谐延续，而同性恋是在破坏着这样一种和谐。
一些性學解释道，男同性恋者间的关系通常比女同性恋者间的关系更让人产生强烈的反感。因为恐同者认为他们造成心裡不舒服。同性恋关系一般被认为是自然的挑战。而对“性別角色越界”的惧怕，是恐同另一个最主要的来源。研究报告指出大多数恐同患者对于性别角色有着非常刻板的思想，比如“男性至上主义”加上社會要求男性須具有所謂男性化（masculinity）的特質（如男性需要強健的體質，表現柔弱會被視為女性化）。此外，女性主義興起及同性戀平權運動發展迅速，使原有佔社會主流地位的異性戀男性受到威脅，也是造成男性有更多恐同因素的感因之一。
恐同者大多害怕及反對同性恋者組成家庭（同性婚姻及LGBT收養）會造成社会组织结构的瓦解；再者，多数原佔社會絕對優勢的異性戀男性害怕传统性别角色的颠覆将使他们失去原有的利益、优势地位和特权，导致恐同在男性和女性社会化的过程中被强化。不同文化的男性已经被惯养出性别优越的观念，即对相对弱势女性的支配，因受宗教影響，女性被視為弱者及關懷的對象，这一观念已经深入到社会生活的每一个层面。当男性发现有传统所赋予他们的特权被挑战的时候，实行“性别角色越界”的男女同性恋则被他们视为是对其切身利益的威胁。
心理学一直认为恐同心理是恐同者压抑对自身同性渴望的一种结果。一个研究显示，恐同者在观看同性性行为的影片时出現性冲动的迹象，比非恐同者還要高。
一些组织或个人声明对同性恋的反对，或积极反对，只是因为違反他们的宗教原则及教義，但並不等同歧視同性恋。这种原则鼓吹者通常会对针对同性恋的暴力事件进行谴责，但是在对待同性恋法律地位方面则表现出多种多样的立场，例如近年不少教會常強調他們並不歧視同性戀者，反對同性婚姻只是因為聖經強調婚姻是一男一女，雖然同性戀在教義上是「罪」，但上帝同樣關愛同性戀者。一些人相信这种态度会鼓励恐同者，特別是有宗教背景的恐同者。请参看宗教與同性戀。
一些過去的法律曾经被認為是鼓励或合法化恐同者，例如已經在美國廢除的性悖軌法（2003年被美國最高法院宣布違憲）、英國的28条（英國1988年增訂法律禁止涉及同性戀內容的性教育，於2003年廢除），以及区别对待同性恋和异性恋的同意年龄（這存在較少爭議，因為各國的同意年龄法律不同）。
Khadija Qalanjo

Khadija Qalanjo (Somali: Khadiija Qalanjo, Arabic: خديجة قلنجو) is a popular Somali singer and folklore dancer in the 1970s and 1980s. She was the first Miss Somalia.
Qalanjo was the singer that started the modernization and enhancement of the Somali folk song tradition of balwo, introducing instrumentation where hitherto it had been performed without.
She was born in Borama in north western Somaliland.
Popular songs by Qalanjo include:
Abrehot Library

Abrehot Library is a public library in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
It was officially opened in January 2022 in a ceremony presided over by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed who initiated the project.
Built at a cost of over 1.1 billion Birr, and at a size of 19,000 square meters, it is the largest library in Ethiopia. Abrehot, meaning ‘Enlightenment’, in the Amharic language, is located in front of the Ethiopian Parliament Building.
The building was designed by ZIAS Design International PLC, construction of the 19,000-square-meter facility took almost two years. The 4-storey facility, the biggest public library in the country, is equipped with 1.5 km long shelves that are capable of holding 1.4 million books, and can accommodate more than 2,000 users at a time. The design of Abrehot is centered on three areas, making use of both outdoor and indoor learning spaces. The Knowledge Garden is an outdoor space, delineated by lines of Olive trees and with a central planting of four Sessa legume trees to form a natural performance area. The Knowledge Springs is a dedicated online learning zone. The Knowledge Centre is the library itself. It also has 8 bookstores, a meeting room, cafeteria, and a children's reading area.
A number of bodies and private individuals responded to a government call to donate books to Abrehot including Book Aid International, Ethiopia Reads, and the office of the Prime Minister. Abrehot library also currently houses more than 300,000 local and 120,000 international research papers.
The Gabe Dixon Band

The Gabe Dixon Band were a three-piece band that was formed in the fall of 1998 at the University of Miami. The band played piano-driven rock and was named after Gabe Dixon, the lead vocalist and pianist of the band. After the band broke up in 2010, Dixon has continued as a solo artist.
In 1999, the band worked with producer/engineer Eddie Kramer to independently release their debut album, More Than It Would Seem. Upon graduation from the University of Miami, they relocated to New York City and were signed to Reprise by David Kahne. They released their major label debut, On a Rolling Ball, in 2002. Three years later, they released the Live at World Cafe EP, which featured the song "All Will Be Well," which was featured in promos for the NBC show Conviction.
Prior to the release of On a Rolling Ball, Dixon played keyboards and sang backing vocals on Paul McCartney's 2001 album, "Driving Rain." Dixon also performed live with McCartney at the Concert For New York City, a September 11 fundraiser. McCartney offered Dixon the opportunity to join his world tour, but Dixon declined the position to focus on the production of On a Rolling Ball.
The band played piano-driven rock akin to Ben Folds Five, albeit with a more serious tone. Billy Joel, Jackson Browne and early Elton John influenced the band's stylized vocal and piano rhythms.
Following the Live at World Cafe EP, the band signed with Fantasy Records and released The Gabe Dixon Band, in August 2008. In its initial days of release, it received praise from the music press and fellow artists. The band toured the United States from Aug 2008 through Nov 2008 with native New Yorker turned Canadian resident, newcomer Justin Nozuka.
Several tracks from the album received moderate media attention. "Find My Way" was the opening track to the film The Proposal (2009) starring Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds. "All Will Be Well" was featured in the Parks and Recreation episode "End of the World". "Till You're Gone" was used in Bose store displays.
As of 2010, Gabe Dixon is a solo artist. He released his first solo album, One Spark, on August 23, 2011 on Concord Bicycle Music. The album is produced by Marshall Altman and features a duet with Alison Krauss entitled "Even the Rain." Madi Diaz and James Walsh also lend their voices to the songs "Burn for You" and "I Can See You Shine" respectively.
On April 8, 2016, Dixon released his sophomore solo album, Turns to Gold on his own label, Rolling Ball Records. The album is produced by Paul Moak and features a duet with Natalie Prass entitled "The Way to Love Me".
All Africa Music Awards 2022

The 2022 All Africa Music Awards (also known as AFRIMA) was scheduled to be held on December 8 to 11, 2022. But, it was announced that the ceremony would be held in Dakar, Senegal on January 12 to 15, 2023.
The nominations were announced on September 24, 2022. Voting started from September 25, 2022, and ended on January 13, 2023, by popular vote across a pool of 9,067 submitted entries, the most since the first AFRIMA ceremony.
Nominations
Бабл-чай

Баб(б)л-чай, также бабл-ти — чайный напиток, состоящий из чая (зелёного или чёрного), молока или фруктового сока, иногда кофе, с добавлением шариков из тапиоки (кит. трад. 粉圓, упр. 粉圆, пиньинь fěnyuán, буквально: «съедобные шарики из крахмала»), кусочков желе, желейных шариков с начинкой из сока или цуй бо-бо из конжака. Подаётся холодным или комнатной температуры.
Бабл-чай впервые появился на Тайване в начале 1980-х годов. Считается, что начало положила Линь Сюхуэ́й (кит. 林秀慧, пиньинь Lín Xiùhuì, англ. Lin Hsui Hui) в кафе «Чуньшуйта́н» (кит. 春水堂, пиньинь Chūnshuǐtáng, англ. Chun Shui Tang) города Тайчжун, когда она добавила местный десерт, фэньюа́нь (кит. трад. 粉圓, упр. 粉圆, пиньинь fěnyuán), в холодный чай, на котором до того кафе специализировалось. По другим сведениям старейший известный пенный чай состоял из смеси горячего чёрного чая, маленьких шариков тапиоки, сгущённого молока и сиропа или мёда. Появившиеся впоследствии варианты обычно используют холодный чай, а также зелёный чай или чай с жасмином вместо чёрного.
Большие шарики тапиоки быстро вытеснили маленькие. Появились добавки груши и сливы, затем других фруктов, пока в некоторых вариантах чай не был полностью заменён на фрукты.
В конце XX века появились кафе, целиком посвящённые жемчужному чаю, подобно фруктовым барам 1990-х годов.
Некоторые кафе закрывают стакан полусферическим куполом из пластика; другие запечатывают стакан целлофаном с помощью специальной машины. Для питья используются широкие соломинки, через которые могут пройти шарики.
Ингредиенты чая с шариками варьируют в зависимости от чайной основы. Как правило, используются различные сорта чёрного и зелёного чая, чая улун, а иногда и белого чая. Вариация под названием «юанья́н» (кит. трад. 鴛鴦, упр. 鸳鸯, пиньинь yuān yāng), названная в честь утки-мандаринки) возникла в Гонконге и состоит из чёрного чая, кофе и молока. Встречаются также фруктовые коктейли, которые содержат как чай, так и фрукты. Хотя чай с шариками появился на Тайване, некоторые кафе добавляют пряности и специи из других стран, а также сиропы. Например, популярность приобретают цветы гибискуса, шафран, кардамон и розовая вода.
Формы кусочков желе разнообразны: маленькие кубики, звёздочки или прямоугольные полоски, различается и вкус: кокос, коньяк, личи, травы, манго, кофе и зелёный чай. Для придания дополнительных оттенков вкуса и текстуры используются пасты из адзуки или бобов мунг — типичные начинки для тайваньских десертов со льдом. Алоэ, заварной крем и саго также применяются в большинстве чайных.
Наиболее популярная добавка к бабл-ти в азиатских странах — кристаллы цуй бо-бо. Цуй бо-бо делаются из корня растения конжак. В магазинах 7-eleven цуй бо-бо используют со всеми бабл-ти коктейлями, так как эти кристаллы из конжака уже готовы и их не надо варить, в отличие от шариков тапиоки.
«Поппинг Боба» — это шарики с оболочкой, внутри которой находятся фруктовые соки или сиропы со множеством вкусов: манго, личи, клубники, зелёного яблока, маракуйи, граната, апельсина, канталупы, черники, кофе, шоколада, йогурта, киви, персика, банана, лайма, вишни, ананаса, красной гуавы и др.
Сервиз

Серви́з (фр. service — «сервировка», подготовка и подача еды, от лат. servire — обслуживать, помогать) — столовая, чайная или кофейная посуда, содержащая обязательные виды для определённого числа человек. В декоративно-прикладном искусстве — набор предметов для стола, составляющий композицию, как в утилитарном, так и в художественном отношениях. По функции сервизы делятся на столовые, десертные, чайные, кофейные. По количеству предметов — на большие, парадные (например, знаменитые "Орденские сервизы" русского фарфора), рассчитанные на множество персон, и малые. Небольшие чайные или кофейные сервизы называются «дежене́» (фр. déjeuner — завтрак). Приборы на двоих — «тет-а-тет» (tête-à-tête — лицом к лицу). Сервиз на одну персону называется «эгоист», реже «солитер» (фр. solitaire — одинокий, отдельный). Полный набор предметов, сервируемых на столе для приёма пищи (посуды, столовых приборов, аксессуаров) в расчёте на одного человека называется кувертом (фр. couvert).
Помимо утилитарных предметов парадные (дворцовые) сервизы XVIII—XIX веков из фарфора, хрусталя, серебра включали различные настольные украшения: горки, ароматницы, зеленцы, таццы(многоярусные тарелки), кабаре, пладеменажи. Такие изделия устанавливали либо в центре стола (сюрту-де-табль; фр. surtout de table), либо в линию, вдоль оси составленных вместе столов (филе; фр. file — нить, ряд). К предметам парадного стола полагались небольшие сервировочные столики — «десерты», геридоны или дам-вейтеры. Композиционным центром стола могла быть и скульптурная композиция, чаще из фарфора, иногда сложная, многофигурная, имеющая символический смысл: «Десерт-Триумф» или «Блюдо середины стола» (англ. Table Centrepiece).