davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Българско училище „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“ (Индианаполис)

Българското училище „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“ е училище на българската общност в град Индианаполис, щата Индиана, САЩ. Създадено е през 2018 г. То функционира към Фондация „Българско културно общество“ – Индианаполис. Директор на училището е Татяна Ангелова.
Училището е открито през март 2018 г. Съосновател и пръв директор на училището е Валентин Пенчев, той почива на 31 декември 2021 г. От 2020 г. училището получава финансова подкрепа от Министерството на образованието и науката на България.
Лиляна Бочева

Лиляна Бончева Бочева е известна българска хорова диригентка и музикална педагожка.
Дъщеря на Бончо Бочев и пряка продължителка на неговото дело. Като дългогодишна диригентка на хор „Бодра смяна“, тя обогатява репертоара му с творби на класически и съвременни чуждестранни автори, сред които „Stabat mater“ на Джовани Батиста Перголези, мадригали на Клаудио Монтеверди, „Коледни песни“, „Missa braevis in D“ на Бенджамин Бритън, произведения на Вельо Тормис, Золтан Кодай, а също на съвременни български автори – Иван Спасов, Красимир Кюркчийски и др.
Под диригентството на Лиляна Бочева хор „Бодра смяна“ се утвърждава като един от най-добрите български и световни детски хорове, осъществяват се много записи, издават се грамофонни плочи, изнасят се стотици престижни турнета зад граница. Нейна е идеята деца от хор „Бодра смяна“ да участват в оперни постановки на Софийската народна опера, както и осъществяването на съвместни проекти със симфонични оркестри.
Лиляна Бочева утвърждава хор „Бодра смяна“ като уникална музикална детско-педагогическа школа. Днес възпитаници на хор „Бодра смяна“ са изявени певци, музиканти, преподаватели по музика, критици, редактори.
Умира на 20 септември 2005 година в град София. Изпратена е от няколко поколения хористи на „Бодра смяна“ в Софийската църква „Свети Седмочисленици“.
На Лиляна Бочева е наречена улица в квартал „Бенковски“ в София (Карта).
Лиляна Бочева е удостоена със званието „Почетен гражданин на София„. Посмъртно е удостоена с наградата „Златна лира“ на Съюза на музикалните и танцови дейци, Класик ФМ радио и Националния център за музика и танц към Министерството на културата.
Ела

(Abies) е род от 45 – 55 вида вечнозелени иглолистни дървета от семейство Борови. Тя достига височина 10 – 80 m и диаметър на ствола от 0,5 – 4 m. Елите могат да бъдат различавани от другите борови дървета по това, че листата (игличките) са свързани с основата чрез малки чашки, и по изправените цилиндрични шишарки, които са дълги от 5 – 25 cm, и се разпадат при съзряване, за да освободят семената.
Идентифицирането на отделните видове е основано на размера и разположението на листата, размера и формата на шишарките, и дали люспите на шишарката са дълги и разперени или къси и затворени. Елите са най-близки до вида Кедър (Cedrus). Ареалът на разпространение е в Европа, Азия, Северна Африка, Северна и Централна Америка, почти навсякъде в планински райони.
Дървесината на повечето ели често се използва като изходна суровина за пулп при производството на хартия. Част от видовете са много популярни като коледни дръвчета заради ароматните си иглички и поради факта, че не им падат игличките като изсъхнат. Някои видове се използват като декоративни градски дървета
На горската ела е наречена улица в квартал „Симеоново“ в София (Карта).
Нормативен контрол

Нормативният контрол в библиотечното дело е метод за организиране на библиотекарските каталози и библиографската информация чрез използване на уникално, различно наименование за всяка тема и личност, което се нарича контролен запис или библиографски запис. В термина нормативен контрол се използва думата норма, което означава, че изписването на имената на хора, места, обекти и идеи следва дадена норма, т.е. са изписани по точно определен, стандартен начин. Това уникално наименование не се променя никъде в даден каталог. Обхватът и употребата на всяко наименование са описани накратко в заглавието на контролния запис, което прави библиотечните каталози лесни за употреба.
Каталогизаторите дават на всеки обект (като автор, книга, серия, сдружение) уникално наименование, което да прави недвусмислени всички референции към темата или личността, независимо дали за това наименование съществуват няколко различни изписвания или псевдоними. Заглавните данни на контролния запис могат да съдържат релевантна информация за свързани теми.
Базите данни от нормативни записи се наричат още библиографски бази данни.
Понякога в рамките на един каталог се срещат и различни наименования за един и същи обект. Това затруднява изследователите, тъй като при търсене те може да не открият част от нужната им информация. Това се избягва с използване на контролни записи, към които съставителите на каталога са добавили информация, която събира на едно място логически свързани материали, които са представени по няколко начина.
Например в Уикипедия Принцеса Даяна е субект на статията Даяна Спенсър и препратките към нея са изписани по множество различни начини. Но Принцеса Даяна и Даяна Спенсър са една и съща личност. В библиотечен каталог различните записи за Даяна Спенсър могат да имат следните заглавия:
Всички тези варианти описват една и съща личност. Нормативният контрол позволява да се групират логически свързаните материали и намалява броя на тези записи до един, който понякога се нарича точка за достъп:
Тъй като всяка библиотека разработва точките за достъп самостоятелно, за опростяване съществуват стандартизирани каталози като Виртуален международен нормативен архив на английски: Virtual International Authority File, VIAF. Например идентификаторът за принцеса Даяня в Германската национална библиотека е 118525123, а в Библиотеката на Конгреса е Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961 – 1997. VIAF предлага общ идентификатор VIAF ID: 107032638, обединяващ всички тези варианти.
Съществуват няколко стандарта, които използват различни акроними:
Podłaźniczka

Podłaźniczka, polazňička is a traditional Polish and Slovak Christmas decoration. It was usually made from branches or the top of a conifer tree turned upside down, which was then decorated with colored paper cutouts (wycinanki), candies, apples, nuts, typical Polish świats, or stars and crosses made of straw. The podłaźniczka was then hung from the ceiling rafters over the Wigilia dinner table on Christmas Eve.
The tradition of hanging a podłaźniczka dates back to an ancient Slavic custom of suspending a decorated branch of fir, spruce, or pine from the ceiling rafters, during the time of the Koliada winter festival. The custom of podłaźniczka is also connected to a later folk tradition of the połaźnik. The połaźnik was the first guest to visit a house on Christmas Eve, often bringing with them a decorated evergreen branch. This custom also existed in Slovakia and Bulgaria; in Lemko tradition, the didok was brought instead. In Serbia, such a branch was called šumka od položenjca (Serbian Cyrillic: шумка од положења), or polaznikova šumka (Serbian Cyrillic: полазникова шумка).
In Poland, the podłaźniczka was known mainly in the regions of Lesser Poland (particularly in the Goral lands) and Upper Silesia. The podłaźniczka was made in various ways, it could be a conifer tree branch, a conifer tree treetop turned upside down, or a riddle (przetak) ring to which evergreen twigs were attached. The podłaźniczka was attached to a ceiling rafter, often directly above the Christmas Eve dinner table, or in a sacred corner. Podłaźniczka is considered to be the prototype of modern Christmas tree in Poland.
The podłaźniczka was usually adorned with decorations made from colored paper cutouts. They were also decorated with the światy, which were pieces of wafer joined together. The wafer was used to make various shapes, such as crosses, stars, etc. They were made on the day of Christmas Eve (Polish: Wigilia (Bożego Narodzenia)), which gave rise to another name for this ornament: wilijki. Sometimes światy became an independent decoration, in which case they were separately hung under the ceiling beams. Also, the podłaźniczka was decorated with candies, apples, cookies, nuts, or gilded flax seeds, and later in the 20th century with baubles. The podłaźniczka was supposed to bring prosperity and good luck to the household, and protect farm animals from wolves and diseases. A straw pająk was a similar decoration.
The podłaźniczka was also called połaźniczka, połaźnik, podłaźnik, podłaźnica, jutka, sad, sad rajski, boże drzewko, rajskie drzewko, wiecha, and gaik depending on the locale.
In Slovakia, the ornament called polazňička was also known – it was a straw hen (e.g. in the upper Spiš region, where it was hung over the Christmas table), which symbolically corresponded to a green conifer ornament, Christmas tree, or a branch of coniferous tree brought by a polaznik. This was also the name of the ritual Christmas bread. In the Slovak-Moravian borderland, polazňička was called "happiness", which is related to the Polish belief that podłaźniczka brings good luck.
Lisnagarvey transmitting station

The Lisnagarvey transmitting station is a facility for mediumwave broadcasting located in the townland of Magherageery, on the southern edge of Lisburn, Northern Ireland (grid reference J257619). It is close to Sprucefield shopping centre and about one mile from the middle of Lisburn.
The station was built by the BBC for the Regional Programme to be transmitted to Northern Ireland and it went into service in 1936. It is now owned by Arqiva.
During World War II, a 100 kW shortwave transmitter (Marconi model SWB18) was installed at the station as an alternative to the well-known one at Daventry in England, in case that one should suffer from an enemy attack. It transmitted on 6140 or 6145 kHz, and used the call sign GRW. The shortwave transmitter was taken out of service on 26 May 1946 and was later redeployed at the BBC Far Eastern Relay station at Tebrau, Malaya in January 1951.
The station includes three radio masts, including two standard lattice masts and one Blaw-Knox diamond cantilever vertical radiator. The two standard lattice masts have a wire slung T-antenna suspended between them. The Blaw-Knox radiator is the only one of its kind in Western Europe. The height of a vertical radiator is related to the frequency (or wavelength) of the service transmitted, and for maximum efficiency should be one half of the station's wavelength. Its height was originally 144.8 metres (475 ft), but it was shortened when the station's broadcast frequency was changed.
Similar masts in Europe can be found nowadays only at Lakihegy, Hungary, at Riga, Latvia, and at Vakarel, Bulgaria.
BBC Radio Ulster's service from the transmitter on 1341 kHz ended on Thursday 6 May 2021 at 0930 UTC, as part of the BBC's programme of switching off their medium wave services around the UK.
BBC Radio 4's mediumwave services from this transmitter along with all of the other BBC Radio 4 mediumwave transmitters ended on 15 April 2024, following by a retune loop informing listeners to retune to other methods of reception.
Ideal Standard

Ideal Standard is a privately held multinational plumbing fixture company headquartered in Belgium.
Operating primarily in Latin America and Europe, the brand dates back to 1949, when it was used to brand fixtures of the foreign operations of the American Standard group. The "Ideal" name traces back to the "Ideal Boilers" brand used by the American Radiator Company.
A new company, known as Ideal Standard International, was formed in 2007 by the sale of the bath and kitchen products businesses of American Standard Companies for $1.745 billion to Bain Capital Partners. The North American and Asian operations of American Standard were sold to Sun Capital and Lixil Group respectively, with the European and Latin American operations retained as Ideal Standard.
The company was then restructured, implementing cost-cutting measures, as well as moving some of company's production facilities to Asia and Eastern Europe – a new production site was opened in Bulgaria. The acquisition by Bain Capital was facilitated by Credit Suisse and Bank of America; the creditors subsequently struggled to dispose of their debt.
The restructuring program was complete in 2011, but the company was loss making in 2012 due to poor sales. In 2013 the company reduced its workforce by 250 due to poor sales; further restructuring was proposed in 2014, including a debt for equity swap with bondholder Anchorage Capital. In 2014 the EU competition commission approved Anchorage Capital becoming joint owner of the company together with Bain Capital.
As of 2014 the company was headquartered in Belgium, and had over 10,000 employees. Its products include bathroom fittings including bathrooms, sanitary ware, and showers, sold under brands including Armitage Shanks, Ceramica Dolomite, Porcher, and Vidima.
In September 2023, it was announced Ideal Standard had been acquired by the Mettlach-headquartered ceramics manufacturer, Villeroy & Boch for €600 million. The transaction was completed in March 2024.
Hope Sandoval & the Warm Inventions

Hope Sandoval & The Warm Inventions are an American-Irish dream pop band comprising Hope Sandoval of Mazzy Star and Colm Ó Cíosóig of My Bloody Valentine. Their first studio album, Bavarian Fruit Bread, was released on 23 October 2001. Alan Browne, from Irish band Dirt Blue Gene, played bass and co-wrote several songs on the album. Through the Devil Softly was released on 29 September 2009, and was recorded with Dirt Blue Gene. Their third album, Until the Hunter, was released on 4 November 2016. Its first single, "Isn't It True", was released on 7" vinyl as part of Record Store Day 2016. A second single, "Let Me Get There" featuring Kurt Vile, was released on 23 September.
In a 2016 interview with Consequence of Sound, Ó Cíosóig explained how the musical composition differed from his and Hope's other bands, "It's not that our other bands have restrictions, but there's a certain sound in those bands. Hope and I have a sound, but it's always changing and morphing into different things while still carrying a similar thread."
호떡

호떡(胡떡/胡䭏)은 한국에서 먹는 간식으로, 찹쌀이나 밀가루를 반죽하여 만든 설탕이 들어있는 뜨거운 떡이다. 열량이 230칼로리 정도 된다. 대부분 겨울에 즐겨 먹으며 요즘은 집에서도 만들어 먹을 수 있는 호떡 믹스도 존재한다.
설탕과 같은 속을 둥글고 흰 떡이 둘러싼 형태로, 겨울에 먹는 대표적인 음식이다. 보통 계피맛이 나는 흑설탕을 넣지만 요즘엔 야채를 넣어 만들기도 하고, 흑설탕이 흘러내리는 것을 막기 위해 밀가루를 첨가하거나 땅콩 등의 견과류를 갈아넣어 점성을 높이기도 한다.
그리고 호떡의 떡은 보통 흰색이지만 녹차가루를 넣어 색이 녹색인 녹차호떡으로 만들 수 있다. 시장이나 길거리에서 주로 팔린다. 잡채호떡이나 해물호떡도 있다.
9세기 책 《입당구법순례행기》에 '호병(胡餠)'이라는 말이 등장하며, 송나라 때 역사서 《자치통감》에도 이 낱말이 등장한다.
이 호떡은 비단길과도 관련이 깊다. 이 음식이 한국에 처음 소개된 것은 19세기 말로 추정된다. 임오군란 때 같이 들어온 청나라 상인들이 자국이 망하고 나서도 본토로 돌아가지 않고 생계를 위해 식당을 열고 음식을 팔았는데 그 가운데 하나가 호떡이라고 한다.
호떡의 재료를 담아 파는 제품이 삼양사, 오뚜기, CJ제일제당 등의 업체에서 개발되어 판매되고 있다. 호떡을 가정에서 만들 수 있게 고안된 상품이다.
씨앗 호떡, 꿀 호떡을 보통 판매하지만 최근에는 인절미 호떡, 초코 호떡 등의 다양한 종류가 출시되었다.
호떡의 일종으로, 납작하게 만든 형태의 공갈빵이다. 공갈빵과 유사하게 속이 비어 있으며, 내부에 설탕이 입혀진 것이 특징이다. 일부 노점상에서는 '버블 호떡'이라는 명칭으로 판매하기도 한다.
공갈빵

공갈빵(恐喝빵, 중국어 간체자: 糖鼓火烧)은 중국 다롄의 빵요리이다. 꿀을 바른 안쪽이 텅 비게 부풀도록 구운 중국식 호떡으로, 겉으로 볼 때는 크지만 속은 비어 있기 때문에 ‘공갈빵’이라는 이름이 붙었다. 인천 차이나타운 일대와 중구 신포동 일대의 전통시장, 부산 차이나타운에서 판매하는 공갈빵이 잘 알려져 있다.
길거리 식품의 일종이다. 중국 음식으로 국내에는 인천 차이나타운 화교들이 팔기 시작하면서 유입되었다. 화교 가족이 4대째 운영하는 복래춘(1951년 개업)은 ‘공갈빵’이라는 이름을 처음 붙인 곳으로 알려진 중국 전통 과자점이다. 3대 사장이 빵 속이 텅 비어 있어 ‘공갈친다’는 항의를 받고, 그 뜻을 몰라 그냥 ‘공갈빵’이라고 이름 붙여 명성을 얻었다고 한다.
길거리 음식

길거리 음식은 말 그대로 길거리에서 먹는 음식들을 말한다. 대부분의 길거리 음식은 포장, 정크 푸드, 패스트푸드와 관련된다. 길거리 음식의 비용은 일반 식당 음식에 비해 낮은 편이다. 식량 농업 기구에 따르면 25억 명의 사람들이 매일 길거리 음식을 먹는다.
해방 이후 길거리에서 빈대떡, 김밥, 떡, 생수, 소주, 청주, 감주 등을 팔았으며, 빈대떡이 당시 가장 흔한 길거리 음식이었다. 1948년 청계천 주변에서는 시루떡, 곰탕, 설렁탕도 볼 수 있었다.
청결과 신선도 문제는 사람들이 길거리 음식을 먹는 것을 멀리하게 만들기도 한다. 세계화와 관광이 빠르게 성장하면서 길거리 음식은 공중보건의 주된 문제 가운데 하나로 자리를 잡아가고 있으며 정부와 과학자들이 이에 대한 대중 홍보에 힘쓰고 있다. 영국 FSA는 업체, 무역업자, 기럭리 소매상인 푸드 섹터를 위한 식품 안전에 대한 포괄적인 지침을 제공하고 있다.
호빵

호빵은 밀가루 반죽 속에 팥이나 채소 따위의 소를 넣고 김에 쪄서 먹는 찐빵이다. 호빵은 분식집에서 판매하던 찐빵을 가정에서 먹을 수 있도록 제품화한 것이다. 찐빵은 증기에 쪄서 익힌 빵으로 빵 안에 팥 등을 넣으며 대한민국에서는 안흥 찐빵이 유명하다.
단팥과 같은 속을 둥글고 흰 빵이 둘러싼 형태로, 일반적으로 추운 겨울에 먹는 대표적인 음식이다. 찜통에 찌거나 전자레인지를 이용하여 조리해서 먹는다. 속에 단팥이 들어가는 형태가 원조이지만 고기나 치즈, 채소, 고구마 등을 넣을 수도 있다. 최근에는 야채호빵, 불닭호빵, 피자호빵, 단호박호빵, 햄치즈호빵 등으로 속재료가 다양해졌고, 모양도 둥근 모양 대신 네모나 꽈배기 형태가 선보이는 등 여러 변형이 등장했다.
할인점과 편의점에서 주로 팔리며 SPC삼립(샤니), 롯데웰푸드 (기린)가 주요 호빵 제조업체이다.
호빵은 이전에 분식집에서 판매하던 찐빵을 가정에서도 간편하게 쪄 먹을 수 있도록 제품화한 것이다. 삼립식품 창업자인 허창성이 1969년에 일본을 방문한 것을 계기로 개발되었다. 허창성은 일본 거리에서 파는 찐빵을 보고 제빵업계의 비수기인 겨울철에 팔 수 있는 제품으로 호빵을 고안하여 개발한 끝에 1971년에 처음 출시했다. 삼립식품 호빵이란 이름은 임원회의에서 결정됐다. ‘뜨거워서 호호 분다’, 그리고 ‘온 가족이 호호 웃으며 함께 먹는다’는 의미다.
삼립식품의 호빵은 비싼 가격에도 큰 히트를 기록했다. 가수 김도향이 노래하는 “찬바람이 싸늘하게 두 뺨을 스치면, 따스하던 삼립호빵 몹시도 그리웁구나”란 가사의 광고 배경곡은 1978년 2월 동아방송 대상과 문화방송 광고대상에서 특별상인 노래 광고상을 받고, 호빵의 대중화에 기여했다. 1980년대 이후로는 매출이 정체되었다가, 1990년대에 청춘 스타였던 배우 최수종의 광고 이후 다시 매출액이 늘어나기도 했다. 2000년대 이후로는 호빵 제품이 다양화되는 추세를 보이고 있다.
Bungeo-ppang

Bungeo-ppang (Korean: 붕어빵; lit. carp bread) is a fish-shaped pastry stuffed with sweetened red bean paste, which originated from the Japanese taiyaki. One of South Korea's most popular winter street foods, the snack is often sold at street stalls, grilled on an appliance similar to a waffle iron but with a fish-shaped mold. Red bean paste is the standard filling but many bungeo-ppang sold as street food are filled with pastry cream (called "choux-bung" as the cream is called "choux-cream" in South Korea), sweet potato, pizza toppings, chocolate, kimchi and others. Usually, it costs about 1,000 won (KRW) for three bungeo-ppang. However, small bungeo-ppang costs 1,000 won for five and large bungeo-ppang costs 2,000 won for one, indicating that the price range varies depending on the size.
The word bungeo-ppang is a compound of "carp (bungeo)" and "bread (ppang)". The pastry, however, contains no ingredients from its namesake fish or any other fish; rather, the name comes from the shape of the pastry.
Bungeo-ppang was derived from the Japanese treat, taiyaki (baked sea bream), introduced to Korea around the 1930s when the country was under Japanese rule. According to the 2011 book Bungeoppang Has a Family Tree, bungeo-ppang began as a mix of Western waffles and Eastern dumplings, as the taiyaki itself was a Japanese adaptation of Western waffles introduced to Japan in the 18th century. The change of fish-shaped pastry continued, as the sea bream-shaped taiyaki became carp-shaped bungeo-ppang in Korea. Although bungeo-ppang's popularity did not last long, it found its way back into popularity during the 1990s with the retro craze in South Korea.
Recently, bungeo-ppang has been seeing higher demand, so to provide information on remaining stalls, enthusiasts nationwide created a "bungeo-ppang map." Through Google Maps, users mark the stalls' locations with brief reviews, prices and opening hours to share with others.
Bungeo-ppang batter is made of wheat flour, baking powder, water and/or milk, and optionally eggs. The batter is poured into a fish-shaped mold in the bungeo-ppang grill, an appliance similar to a waffle iron. Sweetened red bean paste with bits of broken beans and bean husk is added. Then, more batter is poured to encase the paste. The mold is then closed to grill the pastry until it is golden and crispy.
The Original Pancake House

The Original Pancake House (TOPH) is a chain of pancake houses across the United States. They also have franchises in Canada that started in 1958 and are still operating. They have recently expanded into both Japan and South Korea. They follow traditional recipes and ingredients for their pancakes, but offer other standard diner fare, as well. They also have a spin-off, Walker Bros. Pancake House, which has a similar menu, but with a formal ambiance.
The first Original Pancake House opened in 1953 in Portland, Oregon, by Les Highet and Erma Hueneke, who collected recipes for their restaurant from around the world. They soon franchised the name and recipes into locations spanning more than half of the U.S. states and Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Known for their breakfast foods, their signature dishes are the Apple Pancake, Dutch Baby, German Pancake, and omelets. They have over 100 franchised locations throughout the United States, and are located from Seattle to Edgewater, from Wilmette to Williamsville, from Honolulu to its headquarters in Portland. One of the earliest franchised restaurants opened in Anaheim, California, in 1958, and is currently owned by the family of employees from the original Portland location.
In 1999, the Original Pancake House in Portland received a James Beard Foundation Award as an American Classic. OPH was also named one of USA Today's Top 10 Pancake Restaurants in the Nation according to the company website, and the Hyde Park, Chicago, location was well known as Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley's favorite breakfast eatery. On one occasion, he conducted an interview in the restaurant with anchorman Walter Jacobson.
The chain, which expanded to Canada in 1959, spread further internationally in May 2013, when it opened its first overseas location in Seoul, South Korea. A month later, it expanded to Kichijōji, Tokyo, in Japan.
The Original Pancake House is located in 29 states, with stores in most of the major metropolitan cities, including Austin, Atlanta, Dallas, Miami, Chicago, Seattle, Denver, and Charlotte. A complete list of locations can be found on the website.
The Winnipeg franchisee at one point had only one restaurant, but has recently expanded to run four restaurants in the Canadian city under the same name with a similar logo, while continuing to feature some of the chain's specialities, such as the Dutch Baby and Giant Apple pancakes.
Since spring of 2013, a store has operated in Kichijōji, Japan.
As of 2025, there are currently 9 stores in operation in South Korea, two of them are located in USAG Humphreys.
Hoppang

Hoppang (lit. 'Ho[t] bread'; 호빵) is a warm snack that is sold throughout South Korea. It is a convenience food version of jjinppang (steamed bread) and is typically filled with smooth, sweetened red bean paste.
The hoppang was invented by Heo Chang-seong, founder of Samlip Foods. In 1969, during a visit to Japan, he saw steamed buns known as chūkaman, a Japanese variant of the Chinese baozi, being sold on the street and was inspired. He had been searching for a product to boost sales during the bakery industry’s slow winter season. After experimenting with recipes, the hoppang was introduced to the Korean market in 1971.
Hoppang was a brand name for the ready-to-eat jjinppang developed by Samlip in 1970, which combined the onomatopoeia ho, ho (the sound for blowing on hot steamed bun) and ppang, the Korean word for bread. Also it has meaning of 'The whole family eats together and smiles; Ho ho'. The brand name soon became the generic name for convenience jjinppang.
Typical hoppang is filled with sweetened red bean paste, but it is also commonly sold stuffed with vegetables and meat, pizza toppings, pumpkin, or buldak.
Steamer- or microwave-ready hoppang is often packaged in multiples at supermarkets and grocery stores, while many convenience stores sell hoppang throughout the winter months in cylindrical heating cabinets designed to steam and keep them warm.
Food.com

Food.com is a digital brand and online social networking service featuring recipes from home cooks and celebrity chefs, food news, new and classic shows, and pop culture. Food.com was launched in September 2017 and offers recipe, photo, articles, and video content on the web as well as video streaming and smartphone apps. The website features more than 500,000 user-generated recipe pages, to which users can add reviews, modifications, questions and photos. It is one of the 3 food-related properties owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, alongside Food Network and Cooking Channel.
Food.com changed their name to Genius Kitchen in 2017, but as of July 2019 it switched back to Food.com once again. The site formerly known as Recipezaar, and originally as Cookpoint, was created in 1999 outside of Seattle, Washington by two ex-Microsoft technologists Gay Gilmore and Troy Hakala. What started as an idea to connect home cooks from all over the world has grown into a daily cooking community, featuring 500,000+ user-generated recipes, 125,000+ photos, millions of reviews and tweaks.
Food.com is headquartered in New York and is part of the Discovery Inc. portfolio, which also owns and operates brands such as Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, American Heroes Channel, Food Network, Cooking Channel, HGTV, Travel Channel, and Magnolia Network.
Үндэсний эрх чөлөө, тусгаар тогтнолоо сэргээсний баярын өдөр

1911 оны цагаагчин гахай жилийн өвлийн дунд сарын шинийн есөн буюу аргын тооллын 1911 оны 12 сарын 29-нд Монгол Улсын түүхэнд 200 гаруй жил үргэлжилсэн Манж Чин гүрний ноёрхлыг эцэс болгон монголчууд үндэсний тусгаар тогтнолоо зарлаж, VIII Богдыг Монгол улсын шашин төрийг хослон баригч, хэмжээгүй эрхт хаанд өргөмжилж түүнд төрийн тамга, төрийн далбаа, өргөмжлөл, хүндэтгэлийг өргөж, таван яам бүхий засгийн газрыг байгуулах түүхэн шийдвэр гарган, тусгаар тогтносон Богд хаант Монгол улсыг байгуулсан юм. Монголчуудын сэргэн мандлын эхийг тавьсан 1911 оны Үндэсний эрх чөлөөний хувьсгал нь төрт ёсны өнө эртний уламжлалтай Монголын ард түмний түүхийн онцгой хуудас, хойч үе нь бахархан дурсвал зохих түүхт үйл явдал мөн. Энэхүү Үндэсний эрх чөлөөний хувьсгал нь Монголчуудын туурга тусгаар улсаа сэргээн байгуулах гэсэн олон арван жилийн мохошгүй хүсэл тэмүүлэл, тууштай тэмцлийн биелэл, үндэсний ухамсрын их сэргэлтийн эхлэл, 1921 оны Ардын хувьсгалын бодит хөрс болсон билээ.
Соцализмын он жилүүдэд энэхүү түүхэн чухал өдрийн үнэ цэнийг ойшоолгүй ирсэн ч УИХ-ын 2007 оны 8 сарын 16-ны хуулиар 12 сарын 29-ийг нийтээр тэмдэглэх тэмдэглэлт өдөр болгон улмаар 2011 оны 12 сарын 23-ны өдрийн хуулиар Үндэсний эрх чөлөө, тусгаар тогтнолоо сэргээсний баярын өдөр хэмээн нийтээр тэмдэглэх баярын өдөр болгохоор хуульчилсан юм. Энэ өдөр улс нийтээр амардаг.
Ертөнцийн гурав

Ертөнцийн гурав нь Монгол ардын аман зохиолын сэцлэл буюу нэгэн төрлийн сургаал хэллэг юм. Ертөнцийн гурав нь гурван мөрөөс тогтох бадаг бүхий шүлэглэсэн хэлбэртэй ба эдгээр гурван мөрөөрөө бодит байдал, хийсвэр зүйл, гүн ухаан, амьдралын утга учир гээд бүхий л зүйлсийг оновчтой хэлж чаддагаараа онцлогтой. Монголчууд эрт дээр үеэс ертөнцийн гурвыг үр хүүхдүүддээ цээжлүүлэн ой тогтоолтыг нь сайжруулж, оюун ухааныг нь тэлж, амьдралын ухааныг сургаж иржээ.
Мөн ертөнцийн гурваас харьцангуй цөөн тоотой боловч ертөнцийн дөрөв, тав, ес гэж бий.
Монголчууд эрт дээр үеэс гурвын тоог их чухалчилж үздэг байжээ. Энэ нь гурван цагийн ёс, эрийн гурван наадам, аяны гурван дугараа, чандмань, соёмбон дээрхи галын гурван дөл зэргээс үзэхэд л ойлгомжтой юм.
Бөө мөргөлийн ёсонд ч мөн гурвын тоо нь их чухал тоо билээ. Бөө мөргөлийн ёсонд дээд, дунд, доод гэсэн гурван тэнгэр байдаг гэж үздэг бөгөөд хундагатай архийг баруун гарын ядам хуруугаар 3 цавддаг нь үүнтэй холбоотой юм.
Ертөнцийн гурав нь бүүр эрт дээр, бөө мөргөлийн үед гурван мөр бүхий бадагтай болж үүсчээ.
/br> Алт мөнгөөр чимэвч, үс хар
Эрдэм номгүй гэдэг нэг ядуу Эд хөрөнгөгүй гэдэг хоёр ядуу Эв эегүй гэдэг гурван ядуу
Эх хүний сэтгэл нэг ариун Эх орончийн зүтгэл нэг ариун Энх тайвны үйлс нэг ариун
Салхитай тэнгэрийн үүл нэг хурдан Саруул ухаантны санах нэг хурдан Сайн морины явдал нэг хурдан
Тэхийн эвэр тэнгэрт хүрнэ гэдэг нэг худал Тэмээн сүүл газарт хүрнэ гэдэг нэг худал Тэнэг хүн ноён сууна гэдэг нэг худал
Төрөхөд халамжлахын тус Өвдөхөд сувилахын тус Үхэхэд яс барихын тус
Дашчойнхорлин сүм

Чингис хааны тахилгад зориулан Халхын нутагт байгуулсан буддын шашны сүм.
Халхын Сэцэн хан аймгийн Чин ачит вангийн хошуу /өнөөгийн Дорнод аймгийн Булган сум/-ны нутаг Баян-Эрхэт уулын оройд 1863 онд нэгэн жижиг сүм байгуулж, Чингис Богдын дүр болон Хар сүлдийг бүтээн залж тахиснаар Халхын нутагт Чингис хааны тахилгын сүм анх байгуулагджээ. Энэ сүмийг Богд эзний түмэн өлзий батдах ба Монголын шашин, төрийн үйл хэрэг үүрд төвшин сайнаар дэлгэрч, ард олонд өчүүхэн ч харшлахын шалтгаан учрахгүй, зохилдохын буян чуулан хурж, амар төвшин аж төрүүлэх зорилгоор байгуулсан бөгөөд “Дашчойнхорлин” хэмээх төвөд нэртэй байв.
Гол сүм буюу тахилгын сүмийн хойморт Чингис хааны шүтээн дүрийг, хоёр талаар нь түүний хөлөг баатруудыг залж, үүдний хоёр талд Чингис хаанд сөгдөн мөргөж байгаа харь улсын дөрвөн элчийг цаасан шуумлын аргаар бүтээжээ. Мөн Чингис хааны үеийн цэргийн зэр зэвсэг болон ном судрыг энэ сүмд их хэмжээгээр хадгалж байжээ. Сүмийн хаалгаар ороход баатруудын толгой, гар зэрэг нь хөдөлдөг оньсон хөдөлгүүртэй байв.
Сүмийн оройд Чингис хааны Хар сүлдийг залж байсан тул түүхэнд “Тугийн сүм” хэмээн алдаршжээ. Энэхүү сүмд Хар тугийг жилд дөрвөн удаа, Чингис Богдыг таван удаа тахидаг байснаас гадна жил бүрийн хаврын сүүл сарын 21-нд Чингис хааны намтар, өчиг дуудах зан үйл гүйцэтгэнэ. Мөн гурван жилд нэг удаа Сэцэн хан аймгийн чуулган чуулж, цэрэг эрсээ данслан бүртгэсний дараа Туг, Чингис хаан болон аймгийн цэргийг захирах жанжны тамгыг тахиж эрийн гурван наадам хийдэг байв. Туг болон Чингис хаанд зориулж мөнхийн зул өргөдөг, мал сэтэрлэдэг байсан бөгөөд Туг, Чингисийн тахилч ламтай байжээ. Мөн өдөр тутмын Цогчин, Жасаа хурлаас гадна сар, улирлын тогтмол хурал, сахиусын тахилга, галын тахилга зэрэг тахилгын зан үйл гүйцэтгэдэг байв.
Тус сүмийн үйл ажиллагаа 1937 оны намар зогссон бөгөөд энэ үедээ дацан нэг, дуган сүм хоёр, жасын хашаа, байшин тус бүр нэг, лам нарын хувийн байшин дөрөв, лам 16 байв.
Тугийн сүм нь Чингис хаан болон түүний Хар сүлдийг тахидаг тахилгын сүм байснаараа Монгол оронд байсан бусад сүм хийдээс нэн өвөрмөц онцлогтой.
Sodnom Baldan

Sodnom Baldan (January 4, 1908 – 1979) was one of the first Mongolian students to study in Western Europe, one of the first members of the Mongolian Writers' Union, a professor at the Mongolian National University, author of Mongolian literature, founder of the study of D. Natsagdorj, philologist, Director of Mongolian National Dictionary Chamber, and senior Mongolian Academy science scholar.
B. Sodnom was born April 1, 1908, near Lake Gun Galuutay in the state of Tusheet Khan, county of Darkhan Chin Van, village of Nuurentey (now it is called Bayandelger Soum of Töv Aimag) to a poor family. Baldan was their only son and he had two sisters. Until he was 15 years old, he and his family were hired help for master herder Gonchig. When he was 15 years old Baldan moved with his family to Amgalanbaatar (which is near Ulaanbaatar) to go to school.
He married Norjmaa Baldan in 1952 and they had 11 children. He met her in 1950, she was related to Batmonk Dayan Khan, her great-grandfather was one of the state of Tusheet Khan's nobility – Sandag Taij, who had a Silk Road trading business that had been handed down through the generations.
All of the Mongolian students that had studied abroad in Western Europe were jailed from 1938 until 1940 by orders of the Mongolian Government officials, who were influenced by Soviet officials. Baldan Sodnom was one of them. They were imprisoned yet again from 1947 until 1949 when most of them were again subjected to prison including Baldan Sodnom again based on influence from Soviet officials. They pardoned them in 1951 for their 1938–1940 prison time and expunged their records. In 1969 they pardoned them for the 1947–1949 prison time. Yet until he died, the Communists kept checking up on him. The records of this are stored and on display at the Memorial Museum for Victims of Political Repression.
"Genghis Khan's Twin Stallion" old scripts transected to Cyrillic and poetry style by Ts. Damdinsuren, edited by B. Sodnom - 1956
Founder of academy: 1. Study of Mongol 2. Study of Mongolian Literature and Culture 3. Study of Mongolian Epic and Oral literature 4. Study of D. Natsagdorj 5. Study of Mongolian Dictionary 6. Study of Mongolian Modern Literature
First poem "Zaluuchuud – Youths" published in "Direction of National culture" Journal – 1933, "Aeroflot" – 1935
"*Dictionary of Russian and Mongolian" J.Dashdorj, E.Banduy,boti II-book II, edited by B. Sodnom 1970
Published in English:
Cinta Laura

Cinta Laura Kiehl atau labiah dikenal sebagai Cinta Laura ([ˈtʃinta ˈlaura]; lahia 17 Agustus 1993) adolah aktris dan penyanyi berkebangsaan Indonesia yang saat kini ko mulai bakarir di dunia Internasional. Cinta mulai dikenal dek masyarakat saat membintangi sinetron Cinderella (Apakah Cinta Hanyalah Mimpi?).
Pado tahun 2007 Cinta mandapekan panghargoan SCTV Awards dalam katagori "Aktris Ngetop". Sasudah sukses mandapekan panghargoan, beliau pernah lo manjadi pemeran utamo dalam sinetron kaduonyo yaitu Upik Abu dan Laura yang diproduksi oleh SinemArt yang ditayangkan di RCTI. Dalam hal iko, Cinta mambarikan sasuatu yang baru, yaitu baliau, marekam sabuah lagu bajudul "You Say Aku" yang manjadi soundtrack sinetron tasabuik. Cinta Laura pernah pulo membintangi film layar leba, Oh Baby yang diproduksi oleh MD Pictures pado tahun 2008. Dalam film tasabuik, Cinta diharuskan barakting dan manari. Cinta harus pulo mandalami dunia tarik suaro dengan manyanyikan duo lagu dalam soundtrack film iko, "Oh Baby" dan "We Can Do It".Satalah mencubo kamampuannyo dengan baraja olah vokal dan sempat tampil sapangguang dengan Ahmad Dhani menyanyikan lagu "Umbrella" milik Rihanna dalam SCTV Awards, Cinta akhirnyo mulai rekaman sabuah lagu basamo Duo Maia dalam lagu "Penghianat Cinta". Album studio partamonyo surang yaitu bajudul Cinta Laura (self titled) dirilis pado tahun 2010, album iko tajua labiah dari 1 juta keping CD. Untuk mampromosikan album iko, Cinta Laura mangaluakan babarapo single yaitu "Cinta atau Uang", "Shoot Me", dan "Guardian Angel" yang manduduki posisi nomor terateh di babarapo tangga lagu radio dan televisi nasional. Malalui album studio partamonyo iko, Cinta mamparoleh multi platinum awards. Lagu "Cinta atau Uang" marupokan soundtrack film Seleb Kota Jogja (SKJ) yang pernah pulo beliau bintangi pado tahun 2010. Ndak hanyo mangutamokan dunia hiburan, lapeh lulus basakolah di Jakarta International School dan mandapekan nilai A, beliau malanjutkan studinyo di Columbia University, Amerika.
Untuak manyukseskan karier Cinta Laura dalam industri musik, beliau berduet basamo Guy Sebastian, panyanyi Australia dalam lagu "Who's That Girl" yang dirilis pado tahun 2011. Album studio kaduo Cinta Laura surang yaitu Hollywood Dreams dirilis pado tahun 2012, dalam album iko tadapek duo single yaitu "Tulalit" dan "All of My Life". Salain itu, baliau pernah mambintangi sabuah film hollywood bajudul After the Dark yang dirilis pado tahun 2013 dan ditayangkan di saluruh bioskop dunia. Pado libur dari kuliahnyo di Amerika, Cinta pernah tampil dalam babarapo acara televisi, khususnyo Yuk Keep.
Pado ajang Piala Oscar 2014, Cinta Laura pernah manghadiri acara panghargoan perfilman dunia tasabuik dengan mamakai pakaian batik khas Indonesia. Cinta alah lulus dengan gelar kahormatan cum laude dari Universitas Columbia, New York. Cinta maraih duo gelar sarjana sakaligus hanyo dalam waktu tigo tahun.
Sabalum ba umua ka 21 tahun, Cinta laura mamiliah mangikuti kewarganegaraan ayahnyo, Jerman supayo labiah mudah mangurus visa dan kalua masuak dalam rangka go-international.
Hari Batiak Nasional

Hari Batiak Nasional adolah hari parayoan nasional Indonesia untuak mamparingati batiak subagai Warisan Kamanusiaan untuak Budayo Lisan jo Tak Bawujud (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) tanggal 2 Oktober tahun 2009 dek UNESCO . jadi satiok tanggal 2 Oktober, sadoalah kalangan masyarakaik mulai dari pajabat pamarintah jo pagawai BUMN sampai mahasiswa disarankan untuak mamakai batiak.
Mulonyo, batiak partamo kali dikenalkan ka ranah internasional katiko konferensi PBB dek Presiden Soeharto. Batiak Indonesia pun didaftarkan untuak mandapek status warisan budayo tak bawujud (ICH) lewaik kantua UNESCO di Jakarta dek kantua Mantari Koordinator (Menko) Kesejahteraan Rakyat nan mawakili pamarintah jo komunitas batiak Indonesia, tanggal 4 September 2008. Saran tasabuik sambuahkanuhasia ak pamarintahan Presiden Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono . Kamudian, tanggal 9 Januari 2009 permohonan batiak untuak manjadi Warisan Kamanusiaan UNESCO untuak Budayo Lisan jo Nonbendawisacaro rasmi. Batik direBatiakn pado sidanwakatu mpek Komite Antar Pamarinta- Warisan Budayo Tak Bawujud nan diadokan dek UNESCO di Abu Dhabi tanggal 2 Oktober 2009. Pado sidang ko, batiak pun resmi didaftarkan subagai Warisan Kamanusiaan Mahakarya Budaya Lisan jo Takjud di UNESCO. Sabalunnyo, salain batiak, UNESCO pun alah mangakui keris jo wayang subagai Warisan Kamanusiaan, Mahakarya Budayo Lisan jo Tak Bawujud.
Batiak kamudian ditetapkan subagai Warisan Kemanusiaan untuak Budaya Lisan dan Tak Benda (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) dek Badan PBB untuak budayo atau Organisasi Pandidikan, Ilmu Pengetahuan jo Budaya PBB (UNESCO).
Pamarintah Indonesia kamudian mangaluaan Kaputusan Presiden Nomor 33 taun 2009 nan manatapkan Hari Batiak Nasional dalam rangko maningkekan kasadaran masyarakaik takaik usaho malinduangi jo mangambangkan batiak Indonesia. Surek Edaran Nomor 003.3/10132/SJ manganai Pemakaian Baju Batiak dalam Peringatan Hari Batiak Nasional tanggal 2 Oktober taun 2019 lalu ditandotangani dek Sekjen Mendagri Hadi Prabowo. Badasarkan edaran ko, Kementerian Dalam agariau kapado saluruah pejabat jo pagawai di pemerintahan provinsi sarato kabupaten/kota untuak mamakai baju batiak pado hari Rabu (2/10/2019).
Sempat pernah ado polemik antaro Malaysia jo Indonesia dek karano Malaysia tibo-tibo mangklaim batiak subagai hak nagarinyo. Faktor lain nan manjadi alasan konflik jo nagari tetangga tasabuik adolah karano adonyo pasamoan budaya antaro Indonesia jo Malaysia. Mako tajadilah parabuikan hak milik. Garih sejarah nan samo dan bahaso nan sarupo pun manjadi faktor tambahan takaik konflik antaro nagari Indonesia Jo Malaysia.
Konflik antaro Malaysia jo Indonesia sabananyo indak samato-mato soal parabuikan hak milik batiak sajo, malainkan tamasuak soal masalah nan bahubuangan jo sosial, budaya, dan politik nan mambuek hubungan kaduonyo manjadi labiah rumik. Ruponyo sasudah itu Indonesia jo Malaysia pun basitagang soal lagu daerah Rasa Sayange karano digunoan dek Malaysia dalam iklan promosi pariwisatanyo.
Saridjah Niung

Saridjah Niung Bintang Soedibjo, labiah dikana jo namo lbu Soed, adolah surang pamusik jo pangarang lagu anak-anak Indonesia nan tanamo. Baliau dikataui alah mambuek indak kurang dari 200 lagu anak-anak populer salamo iduiknyo, bahkan Museum Rekor Indonesia lah mancatat karya baliau inggo 480 buah lagu.
Saridjah Niung lahia tanggal 26 Maret 1908 di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, sabagai anak bunsu dari 13 basudaro. Apaknyo banamo Mohamad Niung, surang palauik Bugih. Saridjah baraja musik dari urang Indo-Balando, Prof. M.J. Kramer, surang pansiun Hooge Rechtshof (kajaksaan tinggi) nan adolah ayah angkeknyo.
Taun 1927, Sarijah manikah jo Raden Bintang Soedibjo, sajak tu manambahan namo lakinyo pado namonyo surang, inggo baliau mulai lah disabuik jo namo Ibu Soed. Dek karano acok mangaja lagu-lagu bahaso Balando kapado anak-anak Indonesia, mangko timbua niaiknyo untuak mambuek lagu-lagu dalam bahaso Indonesia untuak mareka.
Ibu Soed patamo kali manyanyi di Radio NIROM, Jakarta, taun 1927. Lagu anak-anak nan diciptaannyo banyak nan batema patriotik, salain tema-tema lain nan umumnyo untuak taman kanak-kanak.
Salain manyanyi jo mancipta lagu, Ibu Soed dapek pulo mamainan biola; bahkan pado patamo kali lagu Indonesia Raya dinyanyian di Gedung Pemuda pado 28 Oktober 1928, baliau ikuik mairiangi jo biolanyo. Di sampiang bamusik, Ibu Soed pandai juo mambatik. Salah satu batik kusuih nan dibueknyo iyolah Batik Terang Bulan, nan idenyo baasa dari Bung Karno.
Ibu Soed wafaik pado tanggal 25 Mai 1993 dalam umua 85 taun di Jakarta.
Benalmádena

Bardas is ea Benalmádena i gcúige Málaga, san Andalúis. Tá sé suite ar 'Costa del Sol', idir Torremolinos and Fuengirola, thart ar 12 cm siar ó dheas de phríomhchathair an chúige. Tá sé mar chuid den 'Área metropolitana de Málaga', (limistéar cathrach Mhalaga) agus suite i gContae nó Comarca (réigiún riaracháin logánta) Costa del Sol Occidental, comhlathas na mbardas leis an ainm céanna, agus i gceantar breithiúnach de Torremolinos. (El partido judicial de Torremolinos).
Tá thart ar 68,800 daoine ina gcónaí in Benalmádena, 's é sin an 8ú bardas is mó sa chúige ach an tríú mórcheantar uirbeach, taobh thiar de Málaga agus Torremolinos. Tá an daonra bailithe don chuid is mó i dtrí lárionaid éagsúla: Benalmádena Pueblo, Arroyo de la Miel agus Benalmádena Costa, cé go bhfuil an uirbiú ag cur na croí-láir seo le chéile.
Bhí daoine ina gcónaí san áit seo sa réamhstair, ach i rith tréimhse Al Andalus tháinig forbairt ar an áit agus ansin meath arís i ndiaidh na bliana 1485. Chuir tionscal páipéir agus fíona go mór le geilleagar na háite sna 18ú agus 19ú haoiseanna. Sa lá atá inniu ann tá tarraingt turasóireachta mhaith ag Benalmádena ar an gCosta del Sol, le go leor áiseanna agus páirc shiamsaíochta, 2 uisceadán, casino, agus ceann de na muiríní is mó san Andalúis. Tá go leor tránna áille ann chomh maith le háiteanna suimiúla mar Chaisleáin Colomares, Carr Cábla Benalmádena, agus an Stupa Budaíoch is mó san Eoraip ag 33 méadar ar airde.
Clúdaíonn an bardas achar 27 ciliméadar cearnógach ó bheanna Sierra de Mijas go dtí an fharraige, ag titim in áiteanna i bhfoirm aille. Téann an autopista A-7 soir siar trasna ar an gcríoch, a dhéanann cumarsáid leis an bpríomhchathair chúige agus lárionaid eile ar chósta na Meánmhara.
Vacsaín MMR

Vacsaíniú comhcheangailte a thugtar do pháistí óga ó 1972 i leith is ea an vacsaín MMR (Bruitíneach, Leicneach / Plucamas, Bruitíneach dhearg nó Measles, Mumps and Rubella i mBéarla).
Scaipeann an bhruitíneach go scafánta i measc daoine gan an vacsaín MMR. Tugtar dáileog timpeall 13-15 mí d'aois, agus an dara dáileog ag 4-5 bliain d'aois. Go dtí 2007, tugadh cuid mhaith thar 500 milliún dáileog i 90 tír.
Tá an vacsaín sábháilte inti féin. agus is fiú go mór an chosaint sláinte a thugann sí do pháiste. Tógadh conspóid mar gheall uirthi sa Bhreatain timpeall 1998 tar éis staidéir ar pháistí a spreag imní go raibh sí baolach.
Mar thoradh, bhí cuid mhaith tuismitheoirí nár thoiligh go vacsaíneofaí a bpáistí. Ach cruthaíodh nach raibh an staidéar iontaofa ar chor ar bith, agus níor éirigh le haon taighdeoirí eile torthaí mar sin a fháil.
Is é an vacsaín MMR an t-aon chosaint ar an mbruitíneach ach níl an oiread leanaí in Éirinn á fháil anois agus a bhíodh.
Molann an Feidhmeannacht na Seirbhíse Sláinte go tréan do thuismitheoirí a chinntiú go bhfuil an vacsaín MMR faighte ag a gcuid páistí. Tháinig "ardú suntasach" ar chásanna den tinneas in áiteanna sa Ríocht Aontaithe agus in Éirinn le linn na 2020idí. Ní mór do 95% den phobal an chosaint a fháil le sláinte an daonra go léir a chinntiú.
Bhí an bhruitíneach fairsing in Éirinn go dtí na 1960idí. Mar shampla, bhí an bhruitíneach ar Dubhghlas de hÍde ina pháiste (agus dá bharr sin, is sa mbaile, óna athair, a fuair sé a chuid bunoideachais).
Ag deireadh an fichiú haois, bhí clár cuimsitheach vacsaínithe curtha i bhfeidhm agus bhí an bhruitíneach beagnach díbeartha ar fad as an tír.
Tháinig an galar ar ais sa 21ú haois nuair a scaipeadh bréagnuacht faoi. Fuair Pat Gorman, tiománaí le Bus Éireann, bás le bruitíneach ar 7 Feabhra 2024.
De réir staidéir a rinne an Lárionad Faire um Chosaint Sláinte in 2023/2024, ní raibh aon chosaint ar an mbruitíneach ag 11% de dhaoine fásta idir 18-34 bliain, agus bhí an céatadán 18% i measc fir óga idir 18-19 bliain. Meastar nach bhfuair cuid de na daoine sin an vacsaín MMR nuair a bhí siad ina leanaí mar gheall ar scéal mícheart a bhí á chraobhscaoileadh ag an am go bhféadfadh baint a bheith ag an vacsaín le huathachas. Is é is dóichí go bhfuil daoine a rugadh roimh 1978, go bhfuil siad imdhíonta ar an mbruitíneach.
Is é an vacsaín MMR an t-aon chosaint ar an mbruitíneach ach níl an oiread leanaí in Éirinn á fháil anois agus a bhíodh. Is é 95% den daonra an sprioc-chéatadán atá molta ag an Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Sláinte. Dhearbhaigh an Príomhoifigeach Leighis sa Roinn Sláinte, an tOllamh Breda Smyth, nár mhór an vacsaín MMR a bheith faighte ag 95% den phobal ar a laghad le ráig a chosc. Ar an drochuair, ní raibh an vacsaín faighte ach ag thart ar 90% de leanaí ar bhonn náisiúnta idir 2021-2023. Bhí an ráta chomh híseal le 80%, nó faoina bhun sin arís, i gcontaetha áirithe.
I mí an Mhárta 2024, chuir an Rialtas plean gnímh in aghaidh na bruitíní. Tairgeadh vacsaín in aghaidh na bruitíní do bhreis agus 300,000 duine sa Stát.
Animal theme park

An animal theme park, also known as a zoological theme park, is a combination of an amusement park and a zoo, mainly for entertainment, amusement, and commercial purposes. Many animal theme parks combine classic theme park elements, such as themed entertainment and amusement rides, with classic zoo elements such as live animals confined within enclosures for display. Many times, live animals are utilized and featured as part of amusement rides and attractions found at animal theme parks.
Two examples of animal theme parks are Disney's Animal Kingdom in Orlando, Florida (580 acres or 2.3 square kilometres) and Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida (335 acres or 1.36 square kilometres). These commercial parks are similar to open-range zoos and safari parks according to size, but different in intention and appearance, containing more entertainment and amusement elements (stage shows, amusement rides, etc.).
The term "animal theme park" can also be used to describe certain marine mammal parks, oceanariums, and more elaborate dolphinariums, such as SeaWorld, which offers amusement rides and additional entertainment attractions, and are also where marine animals such as whales are kept, contained, put on display, and are sometimes trained to perform in shows.
In 2010 the practice of keeping animals as trained show performers in theme parks was heavily criticized when a trainer was killed by an orca whale at SeaWorld Orlando in Florida.
Most zoos have a carousel and/or Safari Train, but some zoos have more amusement attractions than that.
Aquazone (theme park)

Aquazone is an indoor waterpark in Blanchardstown, County Dublin. The waterpark is located in the National Aquatic Centre.
The park is home to three water slides (Dark Hole, Green Giant & Master Blaster), a surfing-machine (Flow-Rider), a pirate ship (for children under 5), a lazy river and a large pool that generates waves.
After a lengthy legal process, the Irish government through its company Campus & Stadium Ireland Development (CSID), won a High Court case to repossess the centre due to failure of Dublin Waterworld to pay any rent. CSID also alleged that the NAC was not being properly maintained. This was held by the commercial court not to be the case.
The result of this case was appealed by the Dublin Waterworld and the Supreme Court hearing was scheduled for 14 November 2006, Dublin Waterworld losing and handing back possession.
Butch (animated character)

Butch (formerly known as Spike) is an animated cartoon character created by Tex Avery. Portrayed as an anthropomorphic Irish bulldog, the character was a recurring antagonist in the Droopy shorts, and appeared in his own series of solo shorts as well. His name was changed to Butch in 1955's Deputy Droopy to avoid confusion with Spike from the Tom and Jerry cartoons. All of the original 1940s and 1950s shorts were directed by Avery and Michael Lah at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio. Butch would not appear in new material again until Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring in 2002.
Butch reappeared in direct-to-DVD films such as Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring and Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes, alongside Droopy.
His latest appearance was in 2014's The Tom and Jerry Show. He appeared in the episode "Double Dog Trouble", where Spike and Butch are two separate characters who are twins, in order to poke at the character's retitling, while detectives Tom and Jerry mistake each one for the other after Spike buys a room at the town's motel.