davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
October 8 (film)

October H8TE – The Fight for the Soul of America ('October 8') is a 2025 documentary film produced by Wendy Sachs and Debra Messing.
The film covers 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses after the October 7 Hamas-led attacks on Israel. It describes how "anti-Israel sentiment came to a fever pitch in the immediate aftermath of the massacre", and how such sentiment "morphed into antisemitism". The film includes interviews with Michael Rapaport, Noa Tishby, U.S. Representative Ritchie Torres, U.S. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, Sheryl Sandberg, Dan Senor, Scott Galloway, and Mosab Yousef. It explores the organization of Students for Justice in Palestine, and argues that SJP promoted anti-Zionism, and ultimately antisemitism on campus.
The film also covers the role of social media in stoking antisemitism among young people. UCSB's student body president describes how she was harassed online and on campus after she condemned the October 7 attacks.
Co-produced by Wendy Sachs and Debra Messing, the film was co-edited by Inbal Lessner and Nimrod Erez.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 79% of 14 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.90/10.
The documentary was shown at Miami's Jewish Film Festival. Sharon Farber's score was nominated for a Hollywood Music In Media Award. The Times of Israel noted that the film did not closely examine Qatar's influence, citing its own reporting on Qatar's contributing as much as $4.7 billion to US academic institutions between 2001 and 2021. The Jerusalem Post described the film as Sachs' 'crowning achievement'. Haaretz said the film paints a 'black-and-white picture' of the conflict. Danielle Solzman called it 'the most important documentary of the year'. The Washington Post praised its 'often-moving first-person student testimony', and noted the film's evidence that Hamas may be behind SJP, while lamenting its lack of criticism of the Israeli government and military. The Hollywood Reporter called out some cherry-picking and 'questionable conclusions', adding "But there’s no denying the importance of its message and the need for corrective action by political, academic, religious and civil leaders".
Siddhant Adlakha criticized the film for "its omissions, which circumvent any history of Israeli-Palestinian conflict both before and after Oct. 7, 2023." Variety criticized it as 'one-sided', adding that it was still "worth seeing" for its coverage of antisemitism and the political fallout of the campus protests.
Official website
Blanca del Río

Blanca del Río Vergara (Molina, Curicó, 5 de enero de 1936) es una escritora y profesora chilena.
Estudió lenguas extranjeras, literatura y ciencias de la educación en la Facultad de Filosofía y Educación de Universidad de Chile en Santiago (1973) y en la Universidad de Toulouse II (Francia), donde se doctoró en Ciencias de la Educación, Desarrollo y Formación (1982). Luego de haber residido en Francia, se trasladó junto a su familia, al continente africano que la acogió durante veinte años y le permitió compatibilizar su carrera de escritora y profesora con un arduo trabajo social a favor de mujeres y niños en comunidades rurales, en calidad de Agente de Enlace UNICEF en Sao Tomé y Príncipe, y como consultora en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Fue profesora en la Facultad de Filosofía y Educación (Departamento de Educación) en Universidad de Chile y de lenguas y literatura hispanoamericana en las universidades de Argel y de Orán (Argelia). Hoy es Presidenta Emérita de P.E.N Club Chile.
Entre sus obras destacan: Manutara (1988), Mains, comme je vous aime (1989), Jardín Nocturno (Antología, 2007), A la sombra de un baobab en África (2008) y Este Planeta Nuestro (2012) en poesía. En narrativa ha publicado Vivir en África (2010) y el ensayo, Entre el Amor Literario y el Amor Humano: El Juego de las Influencias (2014). En educación destacan Psycho-pédagogie et Dynamique des Groupes. Êditions de L'Univerisité d'Oran, Algérie (1990) y coautora en la obra (tres tomos) Enseñando y Aprendiendo los Objetivos Fundamentales Transversales en Sala de Clases. Formación en Valores, Actitudes y Conductas Socio-afectivas y Éticas, junto al Premio Nacional de Educación (2005) Fernando Gutiérrez M. y Graciela Gallizia, (2a.edición, 2007). Ha sido editada en revistas literarias y antologías poéticas y de cuentos. Sus libros sobre Objetivos Fundamentales Transversales fueron ampliamente divulgados por UNESCO, al hacer donación de la obra a profesores y orientadores en las regiones de Arica y Parinacota, Chile.
Participante en congresos internacionales de Buenos Aires y en el PEN Internacional: Congreso en Quebec, Canadá (2015) y en el Comité de Traducción y Derechos Lingüísticos en Suiza (Biel, Bienne 2018). Se ha desempeñado como jurado en el Fondo del Libro e integrante del Comité de Pueblos Originarios del Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio. Sus obras han sido traducidas al francés y al italiano.
Ha obtenido: Primer premio en su tesis de licenciada “American literature in Chile: A Questionnaire Applied to a Group of Contemporary Chilean Writers”, en el Departamento de Inglés de la Facultad de Filosofía y Educación de Universidad de Chile. (edición bilingüe, Santiago,1961);La Beca de Creación del Fondo de la Lectura y el Libro, Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio (2008) y distinguida en el concurso Relatos de Colección del Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Chile) con el cuento La perla del mercader (2009), obra del mismo nombre del destacado pintor chileno Alfredo Valenzuela Puelma (1856-1909).
Hugo Zemelman Merino

Hugo Zemelman (nacido como Hugo Hernán Zemelman Merino, el 7 de octubre de 1931 en Concepción, Chile. Fallecido el 3 de octubre de 2013 en Pátzcuaro, México) académico, maestro, pensador, sociólogo y epistemólogo latinoamericano.
Hugo Zemelman nació en Concepción, República de Chile en 1931. Estudió la Licenciatura de Derecho en la Universidad de Concepción, luego una Maestría en Sociología en la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y una especialización en Sociología Rural en la Universidad de Wageningen, Holanda. Se casó con Nancy Schmauk y tuvo 3 hijos: Alejandra Zemelman, Valeria Zemelman y Diego Zemelman. Después del golpe militar del 1973 llegó a México en donde trabajó en instituciones como El Colegio de México, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Su preocupación por los asuntos educativos dató desde los años iniciales de su carrera, pero sobre todo en 1973 cuando obtuvo una beca de la UNESCO para escribir un texto sobre metodología para alumnos de estudios superiores. Sin embargo, esta sería cancelada posteriormente por el Gobierno de Chile por razones extrañas, como él mismo lo dice.
Sus publicaciones abarcan problemas agrarios, movimientos sociales, asuntos de los regímenes militares chilenos, cultura política, el Estado y, sobre todo, metodología y epistemología. Estas últimas se plasman a partir de la edición de “Historia y política del conocimiento; discusiones acerca de las posibilidades heurísticas de la dialéctica” (UNAM, 1983). Después de este texto vinieron la publicación de numerosos libros y artículos relacionados con temas de teoría del conocimiento y metodología. Durante el último periodo de su vida se desempeñó como investigador de El Colegio de México. En el año de 2004 fundó, junto con la Dra. Estela Quintar el Instituto Pensamiento y Cultura en América Latina (IPECAL), del cual sería Director hasta su partida. El 3 de octubre del año 2013 Hugo Zemelman Merino falleció en las instalaciones de CREFAL en Pátzcuaro, México.
Homenajes
Becas:
Preferencia por la liquidez

En teoría económica, la preferencia por la liquidez se refiere a la demanda de dinero, considerada como liquidez, es decir a las ventajas de poseer dinero efectivo para poder gastarlo en cualquier momento. El concepto fue desarrollado por primera vez por John Maynard Keynes en 1936 en su libro Teoría general del empleo, el interés y el dinero.​
Según Keynes, la demanda de liquidez está determinada por tres motivos:​
Para Keynes la preferencia por la liquidez desempeña un papel fundamental en la determinación de la tasa de interés. La economía convencional ha considerado que la tasa de interés representa el punto de equilibrio entre la demanda de dinero y la oferta de ahorro, pero para Keynes esto es inexacto, porque la variación de la demanda de capital o de la oferta de ahorro hacen fluctuar el ingreso y solamente si conocemos la preferencia por la liquidez podremos estimar la tasa de interés.​
Las tasas de interés, según él, en lugar de una recompensa para el ahorro, son una recompensa por desprenderse de la liquidez. La tasa de interés es el premio que tiene que ofrecerse para inducir a la gente a mantener su riqueza en cualquier forma diferente a dinero guardado.​
Working Lunch

Working Lunch is a television programme which was broadcast on BBC Two covering business, personal finance and consumer news; it was broadcast between 1994 and 2010. The programme was first aired on 19 September 1994. It had a quirky, relaxed style, especially when compared to other BBC business shows such as World Business Report. In April 2010, the BBC announced that the programme was being cancelled at the end of July 2010. GMT with George Alagiah took its place in the schedule at 12:30 on BBC Two.
Originally, the show was presented by Adrian Chiles and Adam Shaw. Chiles left the programme on 26 January 2007 after 12+1⁄2 years, to become the co-host of the BBC One current affairs and lifestyle programme The One Show. He was replaced by Nik Wood. On Fridays, Paddy O'Connell fronted the show with Shaw instead of Wood. Both O'Connell and Shaw bowed out on 26 September 2008.
In 2007, former footballer Graeme Le Saux presented a series of items recorded in his birthplace of Jersey. Jenny Culshaw, a senior producer on the show, also occasionally presented items.
Other members of the Working Lunch team included Rachel Burden, Simon Gompertz, Rachel Horne, Rob Pittam and Gillian Lacey-Solymar.
From 6 October 2008, a revamped lineup saw BBC Breakfast's former business presenter, Declan Curry, and Naga Munchetty take over studio presentation, with Wood returning to his former role of roving reporter, alongside Rob Pittam.
Gillian Lacey-Solymar left the show on 29 January 2010.
The show had a regular cast of experts like Justin Urquhart Stewart.
The show was relaunched on 6 October 2008, with new titles, set and presenters. The familiar goldfish and shark were replaced by a piggy bank. Presenters Paddy O'Connell, Adam Shaw and Nik Wood, were replaced by Declan Curry and Naga Munchetty, the latter joining from Bloomberg TV.
The show had a regular weekday slot at 12.30 pm until 1 pm, except on Wednesdays when it was broadcast an hour later. The programme was broadcast for 42 weeks of the year, taking a break for Easter, Christmas and some sports tournaments coverage, such as Wimbledon, the Olympic Games and golf.
The original title sequence created by Piers Helm, featured a real goldfish and a rubber shark in a tank that contained the programme's subject matter represented as kitsch fish tank objects. These objects were a treasure chest, bank, factory and a version of the Richard Rogers Lloyd's building. The title sequence led to a virtual set that was designed to look like a converted warehouse when in fact, the studio it came from was the smallest BBC News studio. By 2000, the title sequence had been changed by BBC Design to a computer generated sequence in which a goldfish is trying to escape from a shark on board a sunken ship. The programme graphics also reflected this style with a marine-themed studio background. Other graphics were in a "crude clipart" style.
Pomaire

Pomaire is a town in the commune of Melipilla in Melipilla Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. Natural clay abundant in the hills surrounding the town bolstered a thriving pottery industry in the community.
In the village there is a tradition of giving Chanchitos, little pig statuettes to friends and family members to bring good luck.
33°39′S 71°10′W﻿ / ﻿33.650°S 71.167°W﻿ / -33.650; -71.167
Rari (village)

Rari (in mapudungun, a type of bush or shrub) is a village in the Chilean municipality (comuna) of Colbún, Linares Province, Maule Region located in the Andean foothills of this province.
Rari is close to the well-known hot springs of Panimávida and Quinamávida and lies 20 km to the northeast of Linares, the provincial capital. Unique handmade arts and crafts are among the important activities in the area. These crafts are made of "crin" (horse hair) by a group of skilled artisans - overwhelmingly female - specialized in this trade. Some of them have been working on it for more than seventy years.
Together, Rari and the surrounding villages (Paso Rari, San Francisco de Rari), have a population of about 1,300. The geographic coordinates of the place are: latitude: 35° 46' 0S, longitude: 71° 25' 0W, altitude: 246 mt.
35°46′S 71°25′W﻿ / ﻿35.767°S 71.417°W﻿ / -35.767; -71.417
Catalina Bauer

Catalina Bauer Novoa, born in Buenos Aires on September 15, 1976, is a visual artist from Chile.
She received a degree in arts from the Universidad Finis Terrae, and later specialized at the Universidad de Chile, where she was a student of Eugenio Dittborn.
In 2007, Bauer won a scholarship that allowed her to do a three-month residency in Xalapa, Mexico, at the Xalapa Museum of Anthropology, where she further developed her skills in the fine arts. Bauer has also participated in an Artist Residency at Gasworks, London, in 2011
In 2012, she was invited to develop a project with the participation programme of the same institution. She participated in a six-month residency at the International Art Programme in Leipzig, Germany, in October 2014.
In 2018 she was the recipient of the Beca Arte, CCU - Corporación Cultural La Araucana (Art Grant, CCU - La Araucana Cultural Corporation).
Bauer's makes use of mixed media from her everyday life and certain techniques in elementary crafts, such as braiding, weaving, and knitting. A majority of her media relied on the donation of supplies from members of the community, who were encouraged to participate in her programs Her art fuses ancient textile traditions with the Bauhaus principles of color, form and scale Her work displayed at Gasworks Gallery consisted of independent projects and exhibitions, as well as collaborative projects with members of the local community.
She has worked with four other Chilean artists, Taller Bloc Archived 2019-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, is an artist-run space that has a very successful Tutorial Program. Bauer has been part of many national and international projects and exhibitions, such as; "Material Ligero", an itinerant project of exchange with the BLOC group: Margarette Lawrence Gallery, Melbourne, Australia in 2009 and AMA Museum, Washington DC, USA in 2011. “Techtonic Shift, Contemporary Art from Chile, from The Juan Yarur Collection”; Phillips de Pury & Company, Howick Place, London, UK. “Rewriting world”, IV Biennale of Contemporary Art in Moscow, Russia, “While is possible”, House of the Americas, Madrid, Spain in 2010.
Another one of Bauer's most famous pieces is at the Art Museum of the Americas. It is entitled Frivolité and is designed with the site's layout in mind. It has themes of femininity, which are demonstrated through the use of use of doilies and crochet handcrafts, which are often handmade by women in South American countries.
Save Dat Money

"Save Dat Money" (stylized as $ave Dat Money), is a novelty song by American rapper Lil Dicky featuring fellow American rappers Fetty Wap and Rich Homie Quan. The track is a single from Dicky's debut studio album Professional Rapper. It was released on June 10, 2015 as the album's third single. It was produced by Money Alwayz and peaked at number 71 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The music video premiered on September 17, 2015 on Lil Dicky's YouTube account. It was directed by Tony Yacenda and produced by Jim Cummings. The video describes Dicky wanting to make the "best rap video ever" without spending any money. Throughout the video, he goes door-to-door through the mansions of Beverly Hills, asking owners if he can use their homes for a quick fifteen minutes to film it. Mrs. "K" agrees, allowing them to use her home in the video. He asks a Lamborghini dealership to borrow a car, and a boater to borrow a boat owned by Freddie Avila a.k.a. AvilaVIP, as well as models. As the title suggests, he doesn't spend a dime. In fact, he earns $600 because of the product placement he exchanged everything for.
Fetty Wap and Rich Homie Quan also appear performing onstage with Dicky in the video. The video features cameos from T-Pain, Sarah Silverman, Abbi Jacobson, Ilana Glazer, Kevin Durant, Hannibal Buress, Dillon Francis, Mark Cuban, and Tom Petty.
GoodRx

GoodRx Holdings, Inc., is an American healthcare company that operates a telemedicine platform and free-to-use website and mobile app that track prescription drug prices in the United States and provide drug coupons for discounts on medications. GoodRx checks drug prices at more than seventy-five thousand pharmacies in the United States. The platform allows individuals to consult with a doctor online and obtain a prescription for certain types of medications at a cost of US$20, regardless of insurance status. Medical testing services, which vary in price, are also offered through the platform.
In 2017, the website received about fourteen million visitors a month. As of February 25, 2020, "millions of people" had downloaded the GoodRx app.
GoodRx was founded in Santa Monica, California, in 2011. In 2017, the company announced partnerships with major pharmaceutical companies to negotiate lower prescription drug costs. In September 2019, GoodRx acquired the telemedicine company HeyDoctor and rebranded the telemedicine platform as GoodRx Care. In 2021, GoodRx acquired the health video company HealthiNation.
In October 2022, GoodRx launched Provider Mode which allows healthcare providers to use the app to compare costs of drugs for patients based on different payment methods and drug alternatives.
GoodRx began its partnership with CVS Caremark in July 2023 to automatically apply coupons to insured CVS customers purchasing generic prescriptions at certain locations.
In April 2024, GoodRx Gold added Publix into their network. Now, across the southeast, GoodRx Gold members can use their cards at Publix Pharmacies to save money on their prescriptions.
The Santa Monica-based startup was founded in September 2011 by Trevor Bezdek and former Facebook executives Doug Hirsch and Scott Marlette. Marlette was one of the first 20 employees at Facebook and built Facebook's photo application. In 2005, Hirsch was the Vice President of Product at Facebook, working closely with Mark Zuckerberg.
On February 25, 2020, Consumer Reports published an article stating that GoodRx shared user data—specifically, pseudonymized advertising ID numbers that companies use to track the behavior of web users across websites, the names of the drugs that users browsed, and the pharmacies where user sought to fill prescriptions—with Google, Facebook, and around twenty other internet-based companies. A few days later, GoodRx released a statement claiming it had made changes to prevent user search data on medical conditions and pharmaceuticals from being shared with Facebook. In March 2020, GoodRx stopped sending data about user prescriptions to Facebook.
On February 1, 2023, the Federal Trade Commission fined GoodRx US$1.5 million for violations of the Breach Notification Rule and the Federal Trade Commission Act for allegedly failing to obtain specific, informed, and unambiguous consent from users before disclosing health-related information to Facebook and Google.
Ar Vreudeur Marx

Ar Vreudeur Marx a oa ur bagad komedianed farsus brudet evit o fezhioù-c'hoari hag o filmoù. Ganet e voent e New York ha mibien embroidi yuzev deuet eus Alamagn. Eus Friz ar Reter e teue o mamm, Miene Schönberg, tra ma oa o zad, Simon “Frenchy” Marx, un Elzasad.
Nevenoe

Nevenoe (ha Nevenoù, Nominoe, Numinoe en dielloù), marvet d'ar 7 a viz Meurzh 851 e-kichen Vendôme, a oa ur priñs breizhat hag a oa bet roet karg dezhañ gant an impalaer frank Loeiz an Deol da vezañ missus dominicus (ur seurt prefed) e Breizh evit lakaat ar Vrezhoned da baeañ tailhoù da Impalaeriezh ar C'hornôg. Pa varvas Loeiz an Deol ne fellas ket da Nevenoe chom dindan beli e vab Karl Voal, setu e kemeras penn ar Vretoned.
Tud zo a wel Nevenoe evel « roue kentañ Breizh » a-bezh — petra bennak ma c'hallfed reiñ an titl-se da Morvan Lez-Breizh pe da Yezekael, roue Domnonea, met hervez lod istorourien ne oa ket roue evit gwir, kontrol d'e vab. Lesanvet e vez « Tad ar Vro » gant ar Vretoned memestra peogwir en doa savet ur Stad e Breizh hag a badas betek dibenn ar Grennamzer
N'ouzer ket mat eus pelec'h e teue Nevenoe. Kont Gwened e oa, met n'eo ket ret e teue eus Bro-Wened. Tud zo a lavar e teue eus ar vro e-kichen Redon, met krediñ a reer e teue eus ar Poc'her.
Goude an emsavadeg hollek a c'hoarvezas en Impalaeriezh ar C'hornôg e voe aozet e 831 ur vodadeg hollek en Ingelheim. Eno e voe anvet Nominoe missus imperatoris ("kannad an impalaer") ar Vretoned gant impalaer ar C'hornôg ha roue ar Franked, Loeiz an Deol, mab Karl Veur, da lavaret eo kannad annezidi Breizh a-bezh war-bouez markoù Roazhon ha Naoned rak en IX kantved e oa an harzoù etre ar Vrezhoned hag ar Franked a-hed ar stêr Wilen. Gant Regino Prüm e voe skrivet, dre fazi e 837, en e oberenn Chronicon :
Feal e chomas Nevenoe da Loeiz betek marv an impalaer e 840, met ne oa ket evit anavezout beli e vab pa n'en doa ket touet chom feal dezhañ.
Trec'h e voe Nevenoe war Garl Voal, mab da Loeiz an Deol, en Emgann Ballon e-kichen Baen-Ballon e 845. Aloubiñ a reas Nevenoe Bro-Roazhon ha Bro-Naoned goude-se, ha klask astenn e veli war gornôg Bro-C'hall.
Dimezet e oa Nevenoe da Arc'hantael (Argantael). Evel ur roue e renas e diriad hag e harpas sant Konwoion evit sevel Abati ar Salver e Redon.
Mervel a reas e-kichen Vendôme d'ar 7 a viz Meurzh 851. Erispoe, mab dezhañ, a voe lakaet da roue goude e varv.
Ur monumant lid a vo ouzhpennet d'ar 26 a viz Mae 2018. Jean-Pierre Baudu eo an arzour e-karg gant sevel ar mein koun.
Poltred ur vaouez dianavez

"Poltred ur vaouez dianavez" a zo un daolenn gant al livour rus Ivan Kramskoy e 1883.
Taolenn vrudetañ an arzour eo ar poltred-mañ. Ha kevrinus eo, abalamour d'an titl, roet gantañ.
En daolenn e weler ur vaouez yaouank, gwisket brav, azezet en ur wetur o tremen dre Nevski Prospekt e Sant-Petersbourg. He dilhad - mantell zu, tog, kinklet gant ur bluenn wenn, mañchon gant ur seizenn c'hlas - a zo e-giz ma veze douget er bloavezhioù 1880, hag a seblant bezañ ker. En tu kleiz e c'haller gwelout ar palez Anitchkov.
N'ouzer ket, piv eo ar vaouez. Ivan Kramskoy n'en deus lavaret hec'h anv nag el lizhiri, nag en deizlevrioù. Meno a zo e oa ur plac'h diwar ar maez, ur beizantez Matriona Savvichna, hag a zimezas gant an denjentil Bestoujev. Ivan Kramskoy en deus graet anaoudegezh ganti e Sant-Petersbourg hag a oa bamet gant he c'hened. Dont a ra nerzh an oberenn eus selled kevrinus ar vaouez.
Crá

Crá (stylised as CRÁ, Irish for Torment) is an Irish murder mystery television series. It premiered on TG4 on 11 November 2024, BBC Northern Ireland on 17 November 2024 and BBC Four on 11 January 2025.
A body discovered in an Irish bog is identified as the missing mother of a Garda (policeman) who is then forbidden to join in the investigation. Meanwhile, a local journalist begins a podcast to look into his mother’s disappearance 15 years earlier.
The six-part series is written by Doireann Ní Chorragáin and Richie Conroy and directed by Philip Doherty. It is produced by Fíbín Media and Zoogon for BBC Gaeilge and TG4. Executive producers are Darach Ó Tuairisg for Fíbín Media, Karen Kirby for BBC Northern Ireland and Máire Ní Chonláin for TG4. Ciarán Charles is a producer for TG4. Crá is an Irish-language word meaning "torment", and the writers said they were moved by the accounts of some of Ireland's unsolved cases.
The cast is led by stars Dónall Ó Héalai, Alex Murphy, Hannah Brady, Barry McGovern, Róisín Murphy, Tara Breathnach, Caoimhe Farren and Alan Mahon.
The six-part series was filmed in County Donegal.
The series premiered on TG4 on 11 November 2024. The series began airing on BBC Northern Ireland on 17 November 2024 and on BBC FOUR on 11 January 2025
The original music was composed by Krismenn.
Ed Power in The Irish Times said that "Donegal is utilised wonderfully in the script" and whilst the series does "utilise cliches" it is "put together with genuine verve".
It was nominated for Best Drama at the Irish Film and Television Awards in January 2025.
French jazz

Jazz music has been popular in France since the 1920s. Its international popularity peaked in the 1930s, and it has been continually enjoyed since.
Following World War I, a number of American expatriates settled in Paris and began to build up a jazz scene. France did not suffer from racial discrimination as much as the US, so a mixture of musical styles from different cultures began to emerge. As with Brazil, the French were at first concerned it was too American of an influence before "making it their own." Although in the case of the French the adjustment proved faster as by the 1930s jazz had become acceptable. Between the 1930s and 1950s, the biguine, a style of jazz from the French Caribbean was popular among dance orchestras. Lacking recognition at home, several biguine artists from Martinique moved to mainland France, where they achieved greater popularity in Paris, especially in the wake of the colonial exhibition in 1931. Early stars like Alexandre Stellio and Sam Castandet became popular in Paris. An important event in that is the creation of the Quintette du Hot Club de France in 1934. This is among the most significant jazz groups in European history.[1] Archived 2010-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
Starting in the late 1940s the Le Caveau de la Huchette would become an important place for French and American jazz musicians. Many American jazz artists have lived in France from Sidney Bechet to Archie Shepp. These Americans would have an influence on French jazz, but at the same time French jazz had its own inspirations as well. For example, Bal-musette had some influence on France's form of Gypsy jazz. Similarly, the violin, and to an extent the guitar, were traditionally more popular in French jazz than American. Related to that, Jean-Luc Ponty and Stéphane Grappelli are among the most well-respected violinists in the history of jazz. That stated, the violin is also popular in Eastern European jazz.
Citations
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Bob French (jazz musician)

Robert "Bob" French Sr. (December 27, 1937 – November 12, 2012) was an American jazz drummer and radio show host at WWOZ, from New Orleans, Louisiana. French led The Tuxedo Jazz Band from 1977 until his death in 2012. (The Tuxedo Jazz Band was formerly led by Oscar "Papa" Celestin and later by French's father, Albert "Papa" French from 1958 to 1977).
As a child French took drumming lessons from Louis Barbarin. He organized an R&B band in high school that included James Booker, Art Neville, Charles Neville (of The Neville Brothers), and Kidd Jordan, and Alvin Batiste. In the 1960s he recorded with Earl King, Snooks Eaglin and Fats Domino. He has also played and recorded with Dave Bartholomew, who is a relative on his mother's side. Bob French & Friends played often on Frenchmen Street at the D.B.A. nightclub. French's best-known gig was the long-running Monday night jam session at Donna's, across from Louis Armstrong Park.
French is interviewed on screen in the 2005 documentary film Make It Funky!, which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz.
French died on November 12, 2012, after a long illness. He was 74 years old.
Cécile Verny

Cécile Verny (born 1969 in Abidjan, Ivory Coast) is a French jazz musician and the lead vocalist of the Cécile Verny Quartet, a jazz group based in Germany. Verny moved to France at a young age and later to Germany, where she developed her musical career. Her music blends elements of jazz, rock and French chanson. She is known for the original songs with her quartet and has been distinguished by awards in France and Germany.
Born in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, in 1969, Verny moved to France at age twelve, and founded the Cécile Verny Quartet in Strasbourg in 1987. Two years later, she moved to Freiburg im Breisgau, where she developed her musical career both with her quartet and later also as a singer in other groups and recordings. Verny usually writes her own lyrics and sings them mostly in French and English, and less frequently in German. Music critics have emphasized her phrasing, intensity and scat singing, comparing her to American jazz legend Ella Fitzgerald.
Verny and her quartet have received numerous awards, among others an honorable mention of the German Music Critics Award as one of the best albums of 2006 for their album The Bitter and The Sweet, as an "artistically outstanding new release" in jazz. In France, she was awarded the first prize of the "Grand Prix du Jury" as vocal artist at the Festival de Jazz Juan-les-Pins in 2003. In a review of the quartet's 2019 album Of Moons and Dreams, DownBeat magazine called Verny's singing "pristinely delivered" and "embracing constant change and accepting difference".
In 2005, Verny published the first album under her own name, titled European Songbook. Performing exclusively jazz standards written by European composers such as Kurt Weill, Django Reinhardt and Joe Zawinul, she was accompanied by the musicians of her quartet and two additional brass players. Since 2006 she has also performed in concerts and on recordings with the WDR Big Band, such as their album Celebrating Billie Holiday. On her 2019 album Mein Liedgut, she performed arrangements based on German songs by Franz Schubert to Hildegard Knef and Zarah Leander, accompanied only by jazz guitarist Johannes Maikranz. Since 2017, Verny has also repeatedly performed with jazz bands in Lithuania.
Apart from her activities as musician and vocal coach, Verny has been engaged in various community-related social projects. In May 2020, for example, she opened a live streaming series of the project Freiburgzuhause with a concert at the Jazzhaus Freiburg to support the local cultural scene during the Corona pandemic.
Eddy Louiss

Eddy Louiss (2 May 1941 – 30 June 2015) was a French jazz musician.
Eddy started playing in his father Pierre's orchestra in the 1950s. Pierre changed the family name from Louise to Louiss. As a vocalist, he was a member of Les Double Six of Paris from 1961 through 1963. During this time his primary instrument became the Hammond organ.
In 1964, he was awarded the Prix Django Reinhardt.
For 13 years, between 1964 and 1977, he played with leading French musician Claude Nougaro. After that, he made the decision, one that his son Pierre described as "not that easy", to split from Nougaro to head out on a solo career.
He worked with Kenny Clarke, René Thomas, and Jean-Luc Ponty. In 1971 he was a member of the Stan Getz quartet (with René Thomas and Bernard Lubat) that recorded the Getz album Dynasty (1971).
Eddy Louiss had his left leg amputated in the early 1990s after suffering artery problems, following which he made few public appearances.
In duet, he recorded with pianist Michel Petrucciani (1994) and accordionist Richard Galliano (2002). His later recordings, such as Sentimental Feeling and Récit proche, combined jazz with rock and world music.
With Stan Getz
Media related to Eddy Louiss at Wikimedia Commons
Sophie Alour

Sophie Alour (born 24 December 1974) is a French jazz musician who plays saxophone, clarinet, and flute.
Alour started playing the clarinet at the music school in Quimper, when she was 13 years of age. When she was 19, she started to play saxophone, for the most part self-taught, supplemented with courses at CIM in Paris, and IACP.
In 2000 she was part of establishing the "Vintage Orchestra", with Fabien Maria, Thomas Savy, Jerry Edwards and Yoann Loustalot (the album ''Thad'' in 2005). In 2001, she founded a sextet with Stéphane Belmondo and played in the band "Manita" with Jean-Daniel Botta, in a big band, with Christophe Dal Sasso who released the album "Ouverture" (with Stéphane and Lionel Belmondo, who appeared at Nocturne) and played at the Marciac Festival in 2004 with Quartet, to Rhoda Scott (who recorded Lady Quartet a live recording in Sunset (2009), and at Jazz à Vienne (2010). The same year she played at the Jazz à Vienne, participated in a project with Aldo Romano and played in a big band with Wynton Marsalis.
In 2005 she released her first solo album "Insulaire" at Nocturne, mainly with her own compositions, and with guitarist Hugo Lippi, Emmanuel Bex, Stéphane Belmondo on the team. In Elektro-Big with Benjamin Roy came "DJ Killer" and "Be Where You Are" (2006), with pianist Alexandre Saada. In 2007, the album "Uncaged" followed, with pianist Laurent Coq, guitarist Sébastien Martel, Yoni Zelnik on upright bass and Karl Jannuska on drums. In 2010, she released her trio album, Opus 3,, in 2012 the quintet album La géographie des rêves (with Stéphan Caracci vibraphone, Yoann Loustalot trumpet and flugel horn, Alour on bass clarinet, clarinet and tenor saxophone, Nicolas Moreaux and Frédéric Pasqua drums). In 2011 she played on the album Prétextes by Christophe Dal Sasso. In 2013, the Shaker album came with organist Frederic Nardin and drummer Frédéric Pasqua.
List of classical double bass players

Classical double bass players are performers who play the double bass, the largest and lowest-pitched commonly played bowed string instrument. They perform European art music ranging from Baroque suites and Mozart-era Classical pieces to contemporary and avant-garde works in a variety of settings, ranging from large symphony orchestras to small chamber groups, or as soloists. Historical double bassists such as Domenico Dragonetti (1763–1846) and Giovanni Bottesini (1821–1889) established a tradition for playing the instrument that was carried on in the 20th and 21st century with a number of double bass players.
Some of the most influential contemporary classical double bass players are known as much for their contributions to pedagogy as for their performing skills, such as US bassist Oscar Zimmerman (1910–1987), known for his teaching at the Eastman School of Music and, for 44 summers at the Interlochen Music Camp in Michigan and French-Syrian bassist François Rabbath (born 1931), who developed a new bass method which divided the entire fingerboard into six positions. Bassists noted for their virtuoso solo skills include US player Gary Karr (born 1941) and Finnish bassist-composer Teppo Hauta-aho (1941–2021).
This is a list of notable professional classical double bass players, including orchestral performers, soloists, chamber musicians, and teachers.
VCU French Film Festival

The French Film Festival - Richmond, VA was an annual film festival held in Richmond, Virginia, focused on recently produced French-language films.
It was created in 1993 by Drs. Peter and Françoise Kirkpatrick, professors of French literature, culture and film studies at Virginia Commonwealth University and University of Richmond, respectively. It is billed as the largest festival of French film in the United States. Since then, and as of 2015, it has welcomed a delegation totaling more than 380 directors, producers, actors, film scholars, critics, and French government officials. At the 2004 Festival, the Festival's founders and directors, Drs. Peter and Françoise Ravaux-Kirkpatrick, were decorated as "Chevaliers de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres", a high honor in the arts in France, and in 2011, the Médaille Beaumarchais by the French Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques.
The festival usually takes place the last weekend of March, during which the city is filled with French speakers and aficionados of French cinema. It is held at the historic Byrd Theatre. At the 2014 Festival, there were approximately 22,000 attendees/tickets sold.
According to Richmond.com, in 2024 the newly retired and emeriti founders of the festival "said it was the right time for the beloved festival to end."
The festival is host to a variety of French films, both short and feature-length. to promote French language, cinema, and culture in the U.S. and in American educational institutions. French directors and starring actors engage the audience in question and answer sessions following the screening of their films.
The Festival is sponsored by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Unifrance, l'ARP (French acronym for "Guild of French Directors and Producers"), and the SACD (a French acronym for "Guild of Authors, Composers and Directors"). The Community Idea Stations (PBS), as well as the TV channel TV5Monde also are partners of the festival.
The Byrd Theatre, rated by USA Today in 2011 as one of the best film palaces remaining in North America, is the annual venue for the Festival. Each year, the French Film Festival brings to the Byrd Theatre the very same technicians and projectionists responsible for the screenings at the International Cannes Film Festival, ensuring the highest quality of both sounds and images
Each year, the festival showcases a selection of features, shorts and masterclasses in various sections:
A large delegation of French directors, actors and producers of feature and short films come to the Festival each year to present their films and also interact with the audience through question-and-answer sessions after each showing.
International Women's Film Festival (France)

48°47′28″N 2°27′47″E﻿ / ﻿48.791°N 2.463°E﻿ / 48.791; 2.463 The International Women's Film Festival, formerly known as Créteil International Women's Film Festival (in French Festival International de Films de Femmes (FIFF); formerly Festival international de films de femmes de Créteil), also known simply as Films des Femmes, is an annual film festival held in Créteil, France.
The Festival international de films de femmes de Créteil was founded by Jackie Buet in 1978 to showcase the directing talents of female filmmakers who, at the time, had difficulty getting their films adequately distributed. The first festival was held in 1979 in Sceaux. It transferred to Créteil in 1985.
As of 2024 it is known as the Festival International de Films de Femmes (FIFF).
Located in Créteil, a city southeast of Paris, today the festival is 10 non-stop days premiering 50 or more new films directed by one or more women. The festival also offers film classes, thematic forums and debates. The competition is open to women from around the world who have made a feature-length documentary, a short length fiction and a documentary film.
The festival offers a number of prizes, including several Audience awards and the "Grand Jury Prize." There is a festival archive containing more than 10,000 films by women.
Three-point lighting

Three-point lighting is a standard method used in visual media such as theatre, video, film, still photography, computer-generated imagery and 3D computer graphics. By using three separate positions, the photographer can illuminate the shot's subject (such as a person) however desired, while also controlling (or eliminating) the shading and shadows produced by direct lighting.
The key light, as the name suggests, shines directly upon the subject and serves as its principal illuminator; more than anything else, the strength, color and angle of the key determines the shot's overall lighting design.
In indoor shots, the key is commonly a specialized lamp, or a camera's flash. In outdoor daytime shots, the Sun often serves as the key light. In this case, of course, the photographer cannot set the light in the exact position they want, so instead arranges the shot to best capture the sunlight, perhaps after waiting for the sun to position itself just right.
The fill light also shines on the subject, but from a side angle relative to the key and is often placed at a lower position than the key (about at the level of the subject's face). It balances the key by illuminating shaded surfaces, and lessening or eliminating chiaroscuro effects, such as the shadow cast by a person's nose upon the rest of the face. It is usually softer and less bright than the key light, up to half the amount. Not using a fill at all can result in stark contrasts (due to shadows) across the subject's surface, depending upon the key light's harshness. Sometimes, as in low-key lighting, this is a deliberate effect, but shots intended to look more natural and less stylistic require a fill.
In some situations a photographer can use a reflector (such as a piece of white cardstock mounted off-camera, or even a white-painted wall) as a fill light instead of an actual lamp. Reflecting and redirecting the key light's rays back upon the subject from a different angle can cause a softer, subtler effect than using another lamp.
The back, hair, or shoulder light shines on the subject from behind, typically, though not necessarily, to one side. Backlight is different from a kick or kicker in that it contributes to a portion of the shading on the visible surface of the subject.
Backlighting provides the subject a rim of light, which separates the subject from the background and highlights contours. This creates a thin outline around the subject without necessarily hitting its front visible surface.
The addition of a fourth light, the background light, makes for a four-point lighting setup.
The background light is placed behind the subject(s), on a high grid, or low to the ground. Unlike the other three lights, which illuminate foreground elements like actors and props, it illuminates background elements, such as walls or outdoor scenery. This technique can be used to eliminate shadows cast by foreground elements onto the background, or to draw more attention to the background. It also helps to off-set the single eye nature of the camera, this means that it helps the camera give depth to the subject.
Backlighting (lighting design)

In lighting design, backlighting is the process of illuminating the subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer face each other, with the subject in between. This creates a glowing effect on the edges of the subject, while other areas are darker. The backlight can be a natural or artificial source of light. When artificial, the back light is usually placed directly behind the subject in a 4-point lighting setup. A back light, which lights foreground elements from the rear, is not to be confused with a background light, which lights background elements (such as scenery).
In the context of lighting design, the back light is sometimes called hair or shoulder light, because when lighting an actor or an actress, backlighting makes the edges the subject's hair glow if the hair is fuzzy. This can create an angelic halo type effect around the head. Filmmakers sometimes use this to show that the actor is good or pure. Television productions often use this effect in soap operas, where it has become something of a cliché of the genre. It is also sometimes called the kicker or rim light.
Backlighting helps separate the subject and the background. Live theatre lighting designs often use backlighting to give a more three-dimensional appearance to actors or set elements, when front lighting alone would give a flat, two-dimensional look. In chiaroscuro effects in painting, such as the candlelit paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby (illustration), backlighting helps separate subjects in the foreground and emphasizes depth.
In photography, a back light (often the sun) that is about sixteen times more intense than the key light produces a silhouette. A fill flash used with a backlit subject yields more even lighting.
The vertical angle of the back light can change the effect. A low angle can make the light hit the camera lens, causing lens flare. A high angle can make the subject's nose extend out from the mostly vertical shadow of the head, producing a potentially unwanted highlight in the middle of the face.
List of blues rock musicians

The following is a list of blues rock musicians.
Blues rock is a subgenre of rock which developed in the late-1960s and which emphasizes the traditional, three-chord blues song and instrumental improvisation. The first original blues rock artists such as Cream, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band and Canned Heat actually borrowed the idea of combining an instrumental combo with loud amplification from rock and roll, and also attempted to play long, involved improvisations which were commonplace on jazz records and live blues shows. As blues rock gained popularity, bands that followed immediately were louder and more riff-oriented, giving birth to both heavy metal and Southern rock, which both used basic blues riffs and featured extended solos. In the early 1970s, the lines between blues rock and hard rock were barely visible, as bands including ZZ Top began recording rock-oriented albums that tended to obscure their blues roots. However, blues rock soon distinguished itself from hard rock and acts continued to play or rewrite blues standards, as well as write their own songs in the same idiom. In the 1980s and 1990s, blues rock was more roots-oriented than in the 1960s and 1970s, even when artists such as the Fabulous Thunderbirds and Stevie Ray Vaughan flirted with rock stardom.
Solo artists are listed alphabetically by last name, and groups are listed alphabetically by the first letter (not including the prefix "the", "a" or "an").
Who's Who

A Who's Who (or Who Is Who) is a reference work consisting of biographical entries of notable people in a particular field. The oldest and best-known is the annual publication Who's Who, a reference work on contemporary prominent people in Britain published annually since 1849.
Some Who's Who books have a title in the language of the country concerned:
The title "Who's Who" is in the public domain, and thousands of Who's Who compilations of varying scope and quality (and similar publications without the words "Who's Who") have been published by various authors and publishers. Some publications have been described as scams; they list any people likely to buy the book, or to pay for inclusion, with no criterion of genuine notability. They may offer vanity awards or expensive trophies.
One example is the defunct Who's Who Among American High School Students, which was criticized for questionable nomination practices, as well as whether the listing's entries are fact-checked and accurate. According to Steve Bjork, an admissions vice president of Hamline University: "It's honestly something that an admissions officer typically wouldn't consider or wouldn't play into an admissions decision." He suggested that Who's Who was "just trying to sell books".
Who's Who publications are not all of questionable value, but publishers that select truly notable people and provide trustworthy information on them are hard to identify. A & C Black's Who's Who is the canonical example of a legitimate Who's Who reference work, being the first to use the name and establish the approach in print, publishing annually since 1849. However, the longevity of a publication is not in itself a guarantee. In 1999, Tucker Carlson said in Forbes magazine that Marquis Who's Who, founded in 1898 but no longer an independent company, had adopted practices of address harvesting as a revenue stream, undermining its claim to legitimacy as a reference work listing people of merit. A 2005 New York Times article observed that the entries in Marquis Who's Who were "not uniformly fact-checked".