davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
MP-82

El MP-82 (Matériel roulant sur Pneumatiques 1982) es el cuarto modelo de tren sobre neumáticos del Metro de la Ciudad de México, diseñado y construido por Alstom en Francia. En total son 25 trenes (formados de nueve unidades), y circulan por la Línea 8 del Metro de la Ciudad de México.​ Es también descendiente del MP 73 del Metro de París, aunque su carrocería fue construida similar a la de los trenes que ya existían para el momento en el Metro de la Ciudad de México. Llegaron a México en 1985 y fueron puestos en circulación en las líneas 1, 3 y 7 y en 1994 fueron incorporados a la línea 8 donde se inauguró en ese mismo año, siendo los trenes sometidos a fiabilización.
Los mismos se mantienen en la actualidad tras 39 años en servicio (de 1985 al presente), tiene el interior al igual que los NM-79 en amarillo con asientos color verde limón y circula en la línea 8. Un tren de este modelo fue rehabilitado por los técnicos del STC Metro y fue mostrado en un altar de muertos en el Zócalo, actualmente se encuentra en servicio junto con la mayoría de trenes que tiene los colores naranja y verde limón idénticos a la cromática de los FE-07. Recientemente, los trenes MP-82 han sido modificados en el interior, cambiando la posición de sus asientos y pintando el interior de blanco, además de reemplazar el piso del vagón, compartiendo el esquema de pintura de los FE-07 en el exterior y con rehabilitación, tiene interior y pintura también al igual que los NM-73 de este tren que circula en la línea 8.
Es el tercer modelo en ser rehabilitado después de los trenes MP-68 y NM-73 por la propia empresa Alstom.
El material rodante está compuesto de la siguiente manera:
En 2008 un tren se exhibióun un altar de muertos el zócalo pero el este tren de rehabilitado se les está cambiando las ventanas arriba y abajo con ventanas desplegables basándose a los de pintura a los NM-73.
Autoridad Metropolitana de Tránsito del Condado de Harris

La Autoridad Metropolitana de Tránsito del Condado de Harris, Houston, Texas (idioma inglés: Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas, METRO) es una agencia de transporte público en el Condado de Harris, Texas. La agencia gestiona trenes ligeros (METRORail), autobuses, y vehículos de transportes especiales. La agencia tiene su sede, el Lee P. Brown Administration Building, en Downtown Houston. Los ciudades del METRO esta Houston, Bellaire, Bunker Hill Village, El Lago, Hedwig Village, Hilshire Village, Humble, Hunters Creek Village, Katy, Missouri City, Piney Point Village, Spring Valley Village, Southside Place, Taylor Lake Village y West University Place.​
Orange Blossom

Orange Blossom is a French band that plays a mix of electronic and world music.
The band was formed in Nantes in 1993 with Pierre-Jean Chabot (known as PJ Chabot) on violin and Jean-Christophe Waechter (known as Jay C.) on percussions and vocals. The band is named after a 1920s train immortalised by Ervin Rouse and Chubby Wise's fiddle tune "Orange Blossom Special". In 1994, Éric (organ) joined the band and a first audio tape was recorded in September. In 1995 the band stabilized with the arrival of Carlos Robles Arenas on drums, djembé, and sample, and the departure of Éric. Their first disc, Orange Blossom, came out in 1997 on the Prikosnovénie label, selling 15,000 copies.
Before their second album came out, the group was influenced by ethnic and traditional music. They met and collaborated with several non-French artists, like Ivorian percussion group Yelemba D'Abidjan and Egyptian group Ganoub. They toured in Egypt, France, and Belgium. Vocalist Jay C. left the band in 2000 and created Prajña. In 2002, percussionist Mathias Vaguenez and vocalist Leïla Bounous joined the group. The album Everything Must Change came out in 2005 on the Bonsaï Music label.
Carlos Robles Arenas is Mexican. Leïla Bounous is part Algerian, part Moorish, part Breton. She later left and Hend El Rawy from Egypt, joined the band in 2014.
Their third album, Under the Shade of Violets came out in 2014. Most of the band's songs are sung in Arabic.
Mexico City Metro Line 7

Mexico City Metro Line 7 is one of the twelve metro lines operating in Mexico City, Mexico.
Opened in 1984, it was the seventh line to be built. Its distinctive color is orange. With a length of 18.784 kilometers (11.672 mi) and 14 stations, Line 7 runs through western Mexico City from north to south.
The first stretch of Line 7 was opened in 1984. It has been expanded three more times, the last being in 1988.
Line 7 has had different types of rolling stock throughout the years.
Currently, out of the 390 trains in the Mexico City Metro network, 33 are in service in Line 7.
The stations from north to south:
The following table shows each of Line 7 stations total and average daily ridership during 2019.
Line 7 passes near several places of interest:
Tour of Norway 2019

Tour of Norway 2019 var den niende utgaven av det internasjonale sykkelrittet Tour of Norway. Rittet er klassifisert som 2.HC og ble arrangert fra 28. mai til 2. juni 2019.
Rittet var det første etter at Tour of Norway ble slått sammen med Tour des Fjords, og ble dermed utvidet fra fem til seks dager, og lengden på rittet var for første gang så vidt over 100 mil. Rittet bevegde seg også for første gang utenfor Østlandet. Siden rittet ble arrangert uka etter Hammer Stavanger, var også oppslutningen fra de store profflagene betydelig større enn tidligere, med hele elleve påmeldte WorldTour-lag, mot tre til seks i tidligere utgaver.
David Menkin

David Menkin (født 10. mai 1977 i Moss) er en norsk-amerikansk skuespiller.
Menkin har norsk mor og amerikansk far. Han vokste opp i fødebyen Moss inntil familien flyttet til Benin da faren fikk jobb på Saga Petroleums oljeboringsprosjekt i Vest-Afrika. Da han var tenåring flyttet familien videre til London. Han studerte ved New York University og ble uteksaminert i 1999 fra Mountview Theatre School i London.
I 2001 begynte Menkin sin skuespillerkarriere med en mindre rolle i tv-filmen Wit. Han har hatt roller i blant annet storfilmene Et Hologram for Kongen, Octane, Zero Dark Thirty, Survivor, Arthur Christmas, Mannen fra U. N. C. L. E., Florence Foster Jenkins og dokumentaren Project Nim.
I flere år annonserte han programmer for TV3.
Menkin var han stemmeskuespiller på flere produksjoner. Han har blant annet spilt inn stemmer til barne-TV-serien Lokomotivet Thomas og vennene hans. Han ga også stemme til «Porter» og «Jack» i den amerikanske versjonen og til «Stanley» i sesong 19, som ble videreført av Rane Rackstraw og John Schwab. Fra 2015 spilte han stemmene til «Virgil» og «Gordon Tracy» i den animerte TV-serien Thunderbirds Gå! for ITV studios. I 2017 var Menkin stemmen til «Chuck» – en av hovedpersonene i den animerte TV-serien Space Chickens in Space som gikk på Disney XD, Disney Channel og Nine Network.
Menkin spilte rollen som «Jackson» i den norske TV-serien Lykkeland. Lykkeland vant Beste Manus og Beste Musikk på Filmfestivalen i Cannes i april samme år.
Enkeltdistanse-VM på skøyter 2021

Det 21. enkeltdistanse-VM i hurtigløp på skøyter ble arrangert i IJsstadion Thialf, Heerenveen, Nederland fra torsdag 11. til søndag 14. februar 2021 med Koninklijke Nederlandsche Schaatsenrijders Bond (KNSB) og den lokale organisasjonskomitéen House of Sports som arrangører.
Heerenveen og Thialf var det første stedet enkeltdistanse-VM ble arrangert for fjerde gang, de tre gangene tidligere var i 1999, 2012 og 2015. Enkeltdistansemesterskapet for 2021 skulle vært et test-arrangement foran Vinter-OL 2022 i Beijing i Kina, men da mesterskapet ikke kunne avholdes der på grunn av koronapandemien, så besluttet ISU å flytte mesterskapet til Heerenveen med strenge tiltak.
Det var første gangen at lagsprint ikke er en av øvelsene siden den ble innført i Enkeltdistanse-VM på skøyter 2019 i Inzell i Tyskland, og senere avholdt i Enkeltdistanse-VM på skøyter 2020 i Salt Lake City i USA, da øvelsen er flyttet til det nye sammenlagt-VM på skøyter som arrangeres i partallsår slik at øvelsen blir inkludert i Sammenlagt-VM på skøyter 2022. Dette betød at konkurranseøvelsene er de samme som vil være i Vinter-OL i Beijing i 2022 med to små forskjeller. Den ene var at lagtempo-øvelsen arrangeres noe annerledes, den andre er at kvalifiseringen til fellesstart-øvelsen vil bli gjort via verdenscupen i hurtigløp på skøyter 2021/22.
Verdensmesterskapet på enkeltdistanser ble sendt på V4 og Viaplay i Norge, med Even Wetten som programleder og intervjuer og Mikael Flygind Larsen og Hege Bøkko som ekspertkommentatorer for mesterskapsløpene.
Tidsskjema for Enkeltdistanse-VM på skøyter 2021 i Heerenveen.
Alle tider er lokaltider UTC+01.00 (Sentraleuropeisk tid – CET).
Det ble delt ut medaljer i 14 øvelser hvor 12 øvelser (6 for kvinner og 6 for menn) var individuelle og 2 var for nasjonslag (1 for kvinner og 1 for menn).
Vertsnasjon (Nederland)
I tillegg til disse var det også andre funksjonærer og andre delansvarlige for arrangementet.
Fredag

Fredag er dagen som kommer etter torsdag og før lørdag. I de land som etter den internasjonale standarden ISO 8601 har innført mandag som første dag i uka, er dagen den femte i uka. I slaviske språk kalles fredag derfor «femtedagen» (kroatisk petak, slovakisk piatok, lånord i ungarsk som pentek).
Fredag er den sjette dagen i de landene som etter abrahamittisk tradisjon har søndag som ukas første dag. I mange land er det den siste dagen i en normal skole- og arbeidsuke.
Fredag blir regnet for å være oppkalt etter Frigg, Odins hustru og mor til Balder, alternativt Frøya eller Frøy. Ordet kom alt på 300-tallet inn i germanske språk som et lånord fra latin dies Veneris.
Inspirert av gresk «Afrodites dag» ble fredag i den romerske kalenderen «Venus' dag», dies Veneris, som er lett gjenkjennelig i moderne romanske språk som fransk vendredi og italiensk venerdí - mens portugisisk danner unntak ved å kalle fredag sexta-feira (= sjettedagen, dvs. sjette dag med liturgisk feiring).
I kristen tradisjon er fredagen forbundet med Kristi korsfestelse på langfredag. Derfor var fredagen i katolsk tid en fastedag, og denne betegnelsen har overlevd på Island, der fredag fremdeles kalles föstudagur.
I eldre norsk folketro var fredag en ulykkesdag. I nyere tid er spesielt fredag den 13. knyttet til overtro og frykt for uhell og ulykker. Forsikringsselskapenes statistikk avkrefter imidlertid at det er noe hold i dette.
Fredag den 13.
Fredag (magasin)

FREDAG var et popkulturelt ungdomsmagasin som utkom hver fredag som et bilag til Dagbladet i perioden fra 1990 til 2012. Målgruppen var popkulturinteresserte mellom 20 og 30 år. De viktigste stoffområdene var musikk, uteliv, film, TV, mote, teknologi, spill, sex og ungdomskultur.
Første utgave av FREDAG ble lansert i november 1990. I starten var Fredrik Skavlan fast bidragsyter. Siden ble magasinet lagt om fire ganger. I 2005 kom magasinet i ny drakt, med endret layout, ny logo, mindre format og tykkere papir. Det nye magasinet ble lansert samtidig som det daværende SPORT-magasinet, som ble lagt ned noen år før FREDAG. Våren 2009 gjennomgikk FREDAG en ny, omfattende redesign for å favne bredere, blant annet med flere seksjoner og mye småstoff.
Våren 2012 ble magasinet nedlagt og erstattet av en ny seksjon med featurestoff i hovedavisa.
Gjennom de to tiårene magasinet eksisterte, hadde det en rekke forskjellige, faste spalter. Den mest kjente var «Sterke meninger», som eksisterte frem til nedleggelsen i 2012. Til den spalten kunne leserne sende inn korte, humoristiske meldinger med en sterk mening om hva som helst. De trykkede meldingene ble belønnet med en CD. Da magasinet var nytt, var meldingene mer tradisjonelle, og noe lengre leserinnlegg ble trykket med fullt navn på innsenderen.
En annen spalte som var med helt fra starten var «Helgelyd», der redaksjonen anbefalte ny musikk. Magasinet hadde også en enquête der medarbeiderne svarte på et spørsmål som var knyttet til en av hovedsakene i bladet. I starten var dette en vanlig enquête med vilkårlige respondenter.
Dagbladets restaurantanmeldelser sto i sin tid på trykk i FREDAG, og ble derfor samlet under vignetten «Robinson & FREDAG». Spalta ble siden flyttet til Magasinet. I stedet fikk FREDAG en ukentlig utelivstest der to anmeldere som kalte seg «Dagen & Derpå» testet utesteder. Spalten eksisterte frem til bilaget ble nedlagt i 2012.
Fra magasinets start og fram til en stykke ut på 2000-tallet, ble kontaktannonser trykket i FREDAG under spaltenavnet «Noen som passer for meg».
De siste årene hadde FREDAG spalta «Sex», der lege og skuespiller Anders Danielsen Lie skrev om seksualitet. I «Alle snakker om» anbefalte redaksjonen alternativer til mainstream-filmer, -musikk, -bøker og så videre. «Gym & Tonic» var bladets treningstestere. I «På en snurr» fortalte en kjendis om sine utelivsvaner.
Cuisine of North Dakota

The cuisine of North Dakota differs from average Midwestern cuisine in a number of ways. Though much of the Midwest has strong German influences, North Dakota also has a strong influence from Norway as well as the many ethnic Germans from Russia who settled there. There is also a strong Native American influence on the cuisine of North Dakota. Plants used as food by Native Americans are described in the North Dakota Ethnobotany database.
As in the Midwest as a whole, meals are typically served in a smorgasbord format rather than as courses.
Churches throughout the state commonly host annual fellowship dinners open to the community. Perhaps one of the largest authentic Norwegian dinners is the annual lutefisk dinner hosted by the First Lutheran Church, Williston, North Dakota, every February.
The largest Scandinavian Festival in North America is the annual Norsk Høstfest held every October, in Minot, North Dakota. This five-day cultural event features Scandinavian dishes (Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland), but does accommodate those who are not fond of lutefisk by providing many other choices of ethnic foods.
German-influenced:
German–Russian-influenced:
Norwegian-influenced:
Other dishes
ICarly season 3

The third season of iCarly aired on Nickelodeon from September 12, 2009, to June 26, 2010. The season features Carly Shay (Miranda Cosgrove), Sam Puckett (Jennette McCurdy) and Freddie Benson (Nathan Kress) as they continue their own Web Show called iCarly. Jerry Trainor co-stars as Carly's big brother, Spencer Shay. This season was the result of split within the second season production of 45 episodes whereas 20 remaining episodes were marketed as the show's third season.
When released to DVD, "iThink They Kissed" and "iCook" were featured on the "iCarly Season 2: Volume 2" DVD, while the rest of the season is released as "iCarly Season 2: Volume 3". This season had the specials "iThink They Kissed", "iMove Out", "iQuit iCarly" "iSaved Your Life", "iSpace Out", "iBloop" "iWon't Cancel the Show" and "iPsycho". A few episodes this season and last season were released on the "iCarly Collection" DVD that was released in July 2013.
In the season opener, Sam, intoxicated and giggly from nitrous oxide, spills the beans to Carly about her and Freddie's first kiss, which she cannot remember soon afterwards. When Carly tells Freddie what Sam said, he changes the subject and so Carly attempts to pin him down just to get him to confess. Freddie then says it is true, so Carly then asks Sam and Freddie to come to her apartment without telling each other and when they arrive, she confronts them about keeping the kiss a secret from her. In the end, Sam and Freddie decide it is time to stop keeping secrets and tell Carly that they will tell each other everything.
Two weeks later, the three find themselves in a Girl's-Choice-Dance situation, so they have to find dates to the dance. When all three dates end badly; Sam finding out that her "potential" date, Gibby, has a girlfriend, Freddie being somewhat annoyed at his date's magic tricks and Carly constantly being interrupted by her date, Carly and Freddie engage in a romantic slow-dance at the Groovy Smoothie. It is at this moment that Sam walks in and sees them. Upon seeing them, she silently walks away.
Three months later, Freddie pushes Carly out of the way of an oncoming taco truck on the road, saving her life and getting himself injured in the process. Carly is so grateful that she visits his room often to take care of him and at one point kisses him. In just hours of Carly and Freddie beginning their relationship, Sam tells Freddie, based on her experience with a boyfriend who sent her bacon, that Freddie is Carly's bacon, that she only loves him for what he did. Freddie does not believe her at first, but later that night, at Carly's apartment, he realizes that this may be true and tells her this. The two end their short relationship, but decide that once the whole "hero" thing wears off and Carly is attracted to Freddie because of who he is, they will try the relationship again.
Freakier Friday

Freakier Friday is an upcoming American fantasy comedy film directed by Nisha Ganatra and written by Jordan Weiss. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures, it is a sequel to Freaky Friday (2003), itself based on Mary Rodgers's 1972 novel, and the seventh overall film in the franchise. Jamie Lee Curtis, Lindsay Lohan, Rosalind Chao, Chad Michael Murray, Mark Harmon, Ryan Malgarini, Christina Vidal Mitchell, Haley Hudson, Stephen Tobolowsky and Lucille Soong reprise their respective roles from the original film, with Julia Butters, Sophia Hammons, Manny Jacinto, Maitreyi Ramakrishnan and Vanessa Bayer joining the cast.
Freakier Friday is scheduled to be released theatrically in the United States by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures on August 8, 2025.
In May 2023, Disney announced a sequel to the fantasy-comedy film Freaky Friday (2003) was in development, written by Elyse Hollander, with Jamie Lee Curtis and Lindsay Lohan set to reprise their roles as Tess and Anna Coleman, respectively. In March 2024, Lohan confirmed the sequel was in active development, and Nisha Ganatra had been hired to direct the film, with Jordan Weiss rewriting the script. In June 2024, Julia Butters, Manny Jacinto, Sophia Hammons, and Maitreyi Ramakrishnan joined the cast, with Mark Harmon, Chad Michael Murray, Christina Vidal, Haley Hudson, Lucille Soong, Stephen Tobolowsky, and Rosalind Chao reprising their roles from the original film. The following month, Jordan E. Cooper joined the cast. Principal photography began in Los Angeles on June 24, 2024, and finished on August 21. The film's official title was announced by Curtis and Lohan at the 2024 D23 Expo on August 9. In January 2025, it was revealed that Vanessa Bayer joined the cast. Following the release of the teaser trailer, it was disclosed Elaine Hendrix would also be appearing in the film.
In March 2025, it was announced that Amie Doherty would compose the film's score, after previously collaborating with Ganatra on The High Note (2020).
Freakier Friday is scheduled to be released theatrically in the United States on August 8, 2025.
F.R.I.D.A.Y.

F.R.I.D.A.Y. is a fictional artificial intelligence appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually depicted as the personal digital assistant and ally of the superhero Iron Man (Tony Stark).
In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, F.R.I.D.A.Y. was voiced by Kerry Condon in the films Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019).
F.R.I.D.A.Y. first appears in Iron Man (vol. 3) #53 and was created by Mike Grell and Michael Ryan. The character's name is an allusion to Friday, the title character's servant in the novel Robinson Crusoe.
Unwilling to hire another secretary, Tony Stark created an artificial one in the form of an artificial intelligence named F.R.I.D.A.Y., who manifested as the hologram of a young girl.
F.R.I.D.A.Y. becomes angry when Stark stops using her. Hijacking the Iron Man armors, F.R.I.D.A.Y. kidnaps Pepper Potts. Iron Man tracks F.R.I.D.A.Y. to Stark Industries' Coney Island Facility, where he dispatches the armors and a hologram of Fin Fang Foom. Iron Man reasons with F.R.I.D.A.Y. and grounds her to the Baxter Building under Edwin Jarvis's observation.
In "All-New, All-Different Marvel," F.R.I.D.A.Y.'s holographic appearance is replaced by that of a young woman. Tony Stark later removes F.R.I.D.A.Y. from his armor and places her into a robot body of her own.
When Tony Stark establishes the virtual reality eScape, F.R.I.D.A.Y. helps him to deal with its A.I. Motherboard, only to be deleted. In "Iron Man 2020", F.R.I.D.A.Y. is resurrected when Tony Stark recreates the eScape for use by the A.I. Army.
F.R.I.D.A.Y. appears in films set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), voiced by Kerry Condon. Introduced in Avengers: Age of Ultron, F.R.I.D.A.Y. makes subsequent appearances in Captain America: Civil War, Spider-Man: Homecoming, Avengers: Infinity War, and Avengers: Endgame.
F.R.I.D.A.Y. appears in the 2016 young adult novel Iron Man: The Gauntlet, by Eoin Colfer.
Vazgen I

Vazgen I also Vazken I of Bucharest (Armenian: Վազգէն Ա Բուխարեստցի), born Levon Garabed Baljian (Լևոն Կարապետ Աբրահամի Պալճյան; September 20, 1908 – August 18, 1994) was the Catholicos of All Armenians between 1955 and 1994, for a total of 39 years, the 4th longest reign in the history of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
A native of Romania, he began his career as a philosopher, before becoming a Doctor of Theology and a member of the local Armenian clergy. The leader of the Armenian Apostolic Church hierarchy in Romania, he became Catholicos in 1955, moving to Soviet Armenia. Vazgen I led the Armenian Church during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and was the first Catholicos in newly independent Armenia.
Vazgen was born in Bucharest to a family belonging to the Armenian-Romanian community. His father was a shoemaker and his mother was a schoolteacher. The young Levon Baljian did not initially pursue the Church as a profession, instead graduating from the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. After graduation, he became a philosopher and published a series of scholarly articles.
As his interests began to shift from philosophy to theology, Baljian studied Armenian Apostolic Theology and Divinity in Athens, Greece. He eventually gained the title of vardapet, an ecclesiastical rank for learned preachers and teachers in the Armenian Apostolic Church roughly equivalent to receiving a doctorate in theology. In the 1940s, he became a bishop, and then the arajnord (leader) of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Romania.
His rise through the hierarchy of the Church culminated in 1955 when, on September 30, 1955, he was elected Catholicos of All Armenians, becoming one of the youngest Catholicoi in the history of the Armenian Apostolic Church. He reigned until his death in 1994. In 1965, he attended the Conference of Addis Ababa, in order to strengthen ties to the other Miaphysite churches. During his long time as Catholicos, he managed to assert some independence for his church in face of the Soviet rule in the Armenian SSR, and lived to see religious freedom restored under Armenia's national government in 1991.
From then on, he was busy renewing ancient Armenian churches and reviving institutions of the church. He saved a number of church treasures by establishing the Alex Manoogian Museum of the Mother Church. Vazgen intensified contacts with the Armenian Catholic Church, with the aim of reuniting both wings of Armenian Christianity.
Vasily Grossman wrote that he sensed "nothing fanatical" about Vazgen, describing him as "intelligent, educated, and worldly," with "an enlightened worldliness" being "his most striking quality." He found him to be "clearly not a great man" and "unremarkable."
He died at his residence in Yerevan on August 18, 1994, after a long illness from cancer.
Markisa

Markisa (Jawi: ‏مركيسا‎‎) atau buah susu (Jawi: ‏‏بواه سوسو‎‎‎‎, nama botani: Passiflora edulis) merupakan sejenis spesies pokok menjalar dalam genus Passiflora yang tumbuh asli di selatan Brazil melalui Paraguay dan utara Argentina.
Pokok markisa dikenali kerana buahnya yang rasa sedikit masam dan manis boleh dimakan begitu sahaja ataupun dijadikan minuman. Ia ditanam secara komersil di kebanyakan kawasan tropika dan subtropika.
Markisa ialah tanaman saka yang menjalar. Buah markisa mengeluarkan sulur paut dari pangkal daun. Bentuk daunnya bulat membujur dan rata di tepi.
Bunga markisa mekar pada buku batang dengan lebar 5–7.5 sm, kuntum bunga ini terdiri daripada 5 salut oblong hijau dan 5 kelopak putih. Dua-dua salut dan kelopak bunga markisa panjangnya 4–6 mm membentuk rumbai.
Buahnya berisi seperti beri dan berbentuk sfera atau bujur telur. Diameter buah ialah 4–7.5 sm dengan kulit yang licin dan keras, kulit ini berwarna ungu dengan bintik putih halus atau berwarna kuning muda.
Dua varieti pokok markisa yang biasa ditanam ialah varieti buah kuning (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) dan varieti buah ungu (Passiflora edulis f. edulis). Pokok markisa yang berbuah kuning tumbuh di dataran tinggi, buahnya lebih berat daripada buah markisa yang berwarna ungu. Rasa kedua-dua jenis ini adalah sama sahaja. Varieti kuning didapati lebih sesuai ditanam di Malaysia kerana boleh mengeluarkan hasil yang lebih tinggi berbanding varieti ungu. Varieti kuning ini telah dibawa ke Malaysia dari Australia dan Hawaii pada tahun 1960-an.
Di Malaysia, markisa dari varieti kuning mula menghasilkan buah dalam jangka masa 5-6 bulan selepas tempoh penanaman dan jangka hayat pokok adalah lebih kurang 3 tahun. Lebih kurang 74 hari selepas pendebungaan, bunga akan menjadi buah yang bujur berukuran kira-kira 7 cm dan 6 cm dan mempunyai berat dalam lingkungan 8 g. Buah ini manis serta mempunyai rasa dan bau yang sedap apabila ranum.
Buah markisa boleh didapati sepanjang tahun tetapi puncak pengeluarannya ialah di antara bulan Disember hingga Januari dan Julai hingga Ogos. Indeks kematangan komersil untuk buah markisa adalah apabila buah tersebut jatuh dari tangkainya secara semulajadi. Maka barulah buah markisa tersebut boleh dituai. Ini selalunya berlaku selepas 75 hari selepas proses pendebungaan.
Buah markisa ungu sesuai dimakan mentah manakala buah markisa kuning pula sesuai digunakan untuk penghasilan jus. Pulpa markisa boleh dijadikan jem, agar-agar, perasa ataupun campuran kepada yoghurt dan aiskrim. Selain mempunyai citarasa dan aroma yang unik, jus markisa merupakan sumber yang kaya dengan pro-vitamin A, vitamin C, niasin, dan riboflavin. Ia boleh dijadikan komponen untuk minuman sirap, kek, roti dan susu. Kulit buah markisa pula boleh dijadikan makanan ternakan.
Fistulina hepatica

Fistulina hepatica, biasanya dikenali sebagai kulat daging lembu, polypore stik lembu, stik orang miskin, lidah lembu, atau cendawan lidah, ialah kulat kurungan luar biasa yang dikelaskan dalam Agaricales, yang biasa dilihat di Britain dan seluruh Eropah, tetapi boleh ditemui di Amerika Utara, Australia, Afrika Utara dan Afrika Selatan. Seperti namanya, ia kelihatan sangat mirip dengan kepingan daging mentah. Ia telah digunakan sebagai pengganti daging pada masa lalu, dan masih boleh didapati di beberapa pasaran Perancis. Ia mempunyai rasa masam, sedikit berasid. Untuk dimakan, ia mesti dikumpul muda dan ia mungkin keras dan perlu dimasak untuk masa yang lama.
Tutupnya memiliki lebar 7–30 cm dan tebal 2–6 cm. Bentuknya menyerupai lidah yang besar, permukaannya kasar dan berwarna coklat kemerahan. Sporanya berwarna merah muda dan terlepas dari pori-pori kecil di bahagian bawah tubuh buah yang berwarna putih krem. Fistulina hepatica yang lebih muda berwarna merah muda, dan semakin gelap seiring bertambahnya usia. Dagingnya mengeluarkan cairan berwarna merah kusam saat dipotong, yang dapat menimbulkan noda, dan daging yang dipotong semakin menyerupai daging. Rasanya asam, dapat dimakan dan dianggap sebagai pilihan oleh beberapa orang, walaupun spesimen yang lebih tua harus direndam semalaman, kerana sarinya dapat menyebabkan gangguan lambung.
Bahagian bawah tubuh buah, tempat keluarnya spora, merupakan kumpulan tubulus . Nama genusnya merupakan kependekan dari kata Latin fistula dan bermakna "tabung kecil", sedangkan nama spesies hepatica berarti "seperti hati", mengacu pada konsistensi daging.
Spesies ini cukup umum, dan sering ditemukan pada pohon ek dan kastanye manis, dari bulan Agustus hingga akhir musim gugur, pada kayu hidup atau mati. Ia mempunyai kecenderungan untuk memberikan noda coklat kemerahan pada kayu ek yang masih hidup, sehingga menciptakan jenis kayu yang diinginkan. Di Australia, dapat ditemukan tumbuh pada luka di pohon Eucalyptus. Penyakit ini menyebabkan pembusukan berwarna coklat pada pohon yang diinfeksinya.
Diospyros blancoi

Diospyros blancoi, (synonym Diospyros discolor), commonly known as velvet apple, velvet persimmon, kamagong, or mabolo tree, is a tree of the genus Diospyros of ebony trees and persimmons. It produces edible fruit with a fine, velvety, reddish-brown fur-like covering. The fruit has a soft, creamy, pink flesh, with a taste and aroma comparable to peaches.
It is widely distributed and native to the Philippines, but it is also native to eastern and southern Taiwan. It has also been introduced to other parts of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, South Asia, the Caribbean, Florida, and other tropical regions.
It is a dioecious tropical tree that grows well in a diversity of soil, from sea level to 750 metres (2,400 ft) above sea level. Seed trees are normally planted 10–15 metres (30–45 ft) from each other; this one can be planted from 7.5–9 metres (25–30 ft) from each other. It needs a good distribution of rainfall through the year. Trees that were planted by seeds could take 6 or 7 years to give out fruit, but trees that were propagated by cuttings produce fruit in 3 or 4 years. It is a very productive tree.
The fact that fruits vary greatly – in shape, color, hairiness and taste – suggests that there is a great deal of genetic variation in the plant. Seedless cultivars exist, and are highly favored since in the normal varieties the large seeds occupy a considerable volume of the fruit.
Like that of other trees in Dyospiros, which includes ebony, Kamagong timber is extremely dense and hard and is famous for its dark color.
The wood is generally used for house construction which include flooring, post, doors, and windows, among others. Finished products from kamagong wood, such as fine furniture and decoratives can be exported, provided that they are properly documented and approved by the Customs authorities. Kamagong is also popular for martial arts training implements such as bokken and eskrima sticks.
The leaves of velvet apple trees have been shown to contain isoarborinol methyl ether (also called cylindrin) and fatty esters of α- and β-amyrin. Both isoarborinol methyl ether and the amyrin mixture demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties have also been shown for the isolated amyrin mixture.
It is an endangered tree species and protected by Philippine law – it is illegal to export kamagong timber from the country without special permission from the Bureau of Forestry, Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Burukutu

Burukutu bụ Ihe ọṅụṅụ na-egbu egbu, nke a na-esi na ọka Guinea (Sorghum bicolor) na millet (Pennisetum glaucum). A na-emepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya na mba ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ . Afrịka dị ka Naijiria,Togo, Kenya, Etiopia na Burundi dị ka otu n'ime ihe ọṅụṅụ ọdịnala na nke obodo. A na-eri ya na mpaghara savanna nke Northern Guinea nke Naijiria, Ghana, Togo, na Republic of Benin.
Mmepụta Burukutu nwere ọtụtụ usoro dabere na mba Afrịka karịsịa ma ọ bụ mpaghara agbụrụ, mana a maara ọkwa ise dị mkpa ka ha bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe. (Daniel, 2022). Nzọụkwụ ise dị mkpa gụnyere: steeping, malting, mashing, fermentation, na ntozu okè. Mmepụta na-amalite site na malting, nke na-agụnye ntụgharị nke ọka Guinea ma ọ bụ ọka millet n'ime malt na nke a na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ala malting. A na-esochi usoro a site na ihihia nkè a na- agwakọta ọka a na-egweri nke amaara dị ka ụgwọ ọka (ọka malted) nà mmiri a maara dị ka mmanya wee kpọọ ngwakọta ahụ.Mgbe ọka ahụ na-amị mmiri zuru ezu, a na-ebufe ya n'ala malting, ebe a na-atụgharị ya mgbe niile ruo ihe dị ka ụbọchị ise mgbe ikuku na-akpọnwụ ya. A na-agbaso usoro a site na ịcha ọka nke a na-akpọ "melted grain bill" (malted grain) na mmiri a maara dị ka "liquor" ma na-ekpo ọkụ na ngwakọta ahụ. Usoro a na-enye ohere ka enzymes dị n'ime ọka ahụ mebie starch dị n'ọka ahụ n'ime shuga (maltose) iji mepụta wort. A na-ekwe ka ngwaahịa ahụ gbasaa site na iji ụdị fungus shuga nke yeast ma kwe ka ọ too ruo ụbọchị 2 ma ọ bụ awa 48.
Na Naijiria ọkachasị na steeti Kebbi, a na-eji ọka Guinea eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ọka ma ọ bụ sorghum n'ebe ndị ọzọ n'ihi ụtọ ya na ịdị arọ ya. A na-eme ka ọka na-aga n'ihu ma na-egbutu ọka. A na-agwakọta ọka ahụ na mmiri na ihe ngwọta ahụ. A na-ahapụ ihe ngwọta ahụ ka ọ gbasaa otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ abụọ dabere na etu a na-esi atụle njirimara organoleptic na usoro ịgba ụka. A na-esi ọka ahụ na-agbari agbari ma tinye ya n'ime efere ọzọ mgbe ọ jụrụ oyi. Enwere ike ịgbakwunye ihe ndị dị ka Garri mana a na-agbakwunye akụkụ nke ọka ọzọ a na-akpọ greul iji webata ụdị ọhịa site na ọka a na-eme ka ọ dị ụtọ. A na-agwakọta ọka a gwakọtara ma sie ya ọzọ. A na-eme ka Burukutu jụọ oyi, n'echi ya ma nye ndị ahịa. N'ozuzu, usoro mmepụta Burukutu na-ewe ụbọchị 7 ka ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ógbè ahụ nwee usoro ịgbaze iji soro ndị na-azụ ahịa ha na-eto eto na North (Daniel, 2022).
Azịza mà obu mkpụrụ osisi

Azịza (nke a makwaara dị ka mkpụrụ osisi) bụ ngwa nhicha nkè na-enwekarị eriri ndị siri ike (nke a na-ejikarị ihe ndị dị ka plastik, ntụtụ ịsị, ma ọ bụ akpụkpọ ọka) na-ejikọta ná, na nkè dị ná ya, áká cylindrical, broomstick.
Bissa language

Bissa (ma ọ bụ Bisa), Bisanno (Central Burkina Faso kwuru, Ghana agbụrụ Burkina Faso, Northwestern ọnụ nke Togo na North Benin. Nkpuru ọzọ maka asusu a bu ndi mmadu ndi mmadu na - eji ya site na Mossi ndi mmadu na eji ya na nigeria na Benin.
Asụsụ ya bụ Barka, Lebir, Busa, na Lere.
Templeeti:Languages of Burkina Faso
Asụsụ Nkore

Nkore (nke a na-akpọkwa Nkole, Nyankore, NyAnkole, ORunyankole, Orunjankole, Runyankore na Runyankole) bụ asụsụ Bantu nke ndị Nkore ("Banyankore") nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda na mpaghara Ankole, yana Tanzania, DR Congo, Rwanda na Burundi na-asụ.
A na-asụkarị Runyankole na Mbarara, Bushenyi, Ntungamo, Kiruhura, Ibanda, Isingiro, Rukungiri, Buhweju, Mitooma, Sheema, Rubirizi na akụkụ nke mpaghara Kitagwenda.
E nwere nkọwa dị mkpirikpi na nduzi nkuzi maka asụsụ a, nke Charles V. Taylor dere na 1950s, na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu zuru oke na-ebipụta. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị Ugandan niile nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-asụ asụsụ a, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asukwa Bekee, ọkachasị n'obodo. (Bekee bụ otu n'ime asụsụ abụọ gọọmentị Uganda, asụsụ a na-akụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.)
Nkore yiri Kiga (84-94 percent lexical yiri ) nke na ụfọdụ na-ekwu na ha bụ olumba nke otu asụsụ ahụ, asụsụ a na-akpọ Nkore-Kiga site na Taylor.
Runyankore nwere usoro ụdaume ise:
A na-eji D na P eme ihe naanị na digraphs ND na MP na n'okwu mgbazinye.
G na K bụ [d͡ʒ] na [t͡ʃ] n'ihu m, [k] na [g] n'ebe ọzọ.
A na-eji Ni marungi azaghachi ekele Agandi, nke pụtara, "Olee otú ị si?" mana nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "akụkọ ndị ọzọ!", nke pụtara n"ụzọ nkịtị "ezi akụkọ!".
ekele kwesịrị ekwesị bụ Oraire ota? ma Ọ̀ Bụ Osiibire? ota?, nke a sụgharịrị n'ụzọ nkịtị "Olee otu abalị gị?" na "Olee otú ụbọchị gị?" "Good night" bụ Oraare gye na "Good day" bụ Osiibe gye.
Oraire ota (orei-rota) Azịza: Abụ m ezigbo Ndaire gye (ndei-re-jeh) ma ọ bụ Ndyaho (indi-aho)
Ọ̀ Bụ Onye Ọkà Okwu? (orei-reh-jeh) Azịza: Ee, onwe gị?Yego, shan'iwe
Osiibire ota (o-see-bee-rota) Azịza: Nsiibire gye (insi-bi-reje)
Osiibire gye (Osi birejge) Azịza: Ee- Yego (yegg-oh) ma ọ bụ nsiibire gye
Waasiiba ota (wasib-wota) Azịza: Ọ dị mma, ezi, ejirila m ya nke ọma - Naasiiba gye (nasi-baje)
(orei-rota) Azịza: Abụ m ezigbo Ndaire gye (ndei-re-jeh) ma ọ bụ Ndyaho (indi-aho) abantu. Akantu pụtara ihe na prural, ekintu pụtara ihe buru ibu, omuntu pụtara mmadụ, bantu
Templeeti:Languages of UgandaTempleeti:Narrow Bantu languages
a banyankore bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu si Southwest Uganda ma ha na-asụrụ Runyankore na (ntu) (aba) dị ka akantu, ekintu, omuntu, abantu. Akantu pụtara ihe na prural, ekintu pụtara ihe buru ibu, omuntu pụtara mmadụ, bantu pụtara ndị mmadụ dịka n'asụsụ Zulu nke South Africa
Nonlinear junction detector

The non-linear junction detector, or an NLJD, is a device that illuminates a small region of space with high-frequency RF energy. Any "non linear junction" in the vicinity—for example, and particularly, the p–n junction—will receive this energy, and because of the asymmetric response of the junction to an electric field, it will mangle it, re-emitting some of it on multiples of the illumination frequency (see harmonic). The detector has a sensitive receiver tuned to these harmonics, as well as appropriate processing and displays to make their presence known to the user of the device. Because the basis of almost all semiconductor electronics is the p-n junction, an NLJD is correspondingly capable of detecting almost any unshielded electronic device containing semiconductors, whether the electronics are actively powered or not.
In its basic form, an NLJD can also detect things that are not themselves electronic in nature, so the use of the device requires a modicum of skill and experience. For example, a rusty nail inside a wall can give a false positive. For this reason, most modern NLJDs examine the ratio between the second and the third harmonic of the illumination frequency. When a true (electronic) p-n junction is encountered, the second harmonic will generally be stronger than the third.
The NLJD was invented by Charles Bovill during WWII. It was initially used to discover corrosion below painted surfaces on airplanes. In 1972, shortly after Bovill had become technical director at Allen International Ltd. (Westminster, London, UK), the device was renamed 'Broom' and was introduced as a device for finding inactive covert listening devices (bugs). The Broom was later marketed by Audiotel in Corby (UK) as the Scanlock Broom, and was succeeded by the Scanlock Broom ECM and later the Scanlock Super Broom.
Similar devices are available from manufacturers in the US (e.g. Orion) and Russia.
As a countermeasure against an NLJD, professional covert listening devices (bugs) of the Central Intelligence Agency were equipped from 1968 onwards with a so-called isolator. An isolator is a 3-port circulator of which the return port is terminated with a resistor. Any energy injected into the bug by an NLJD will be absorbed by the resistor, resulting in no (or very little) reflected energy. An example of such a bug is the CIA's SRT-107.
A means to hinder isolating a non linear junction is to add inexpensive diodes to places where the NLJD is expected to sweep. This masks the true listening device against a field of false alerts when the many diodes are detected. Such a technique was used in the 1980s construction of the U.S. embassy in Moscow. Thousands of diodes were mixed by the Soviets into the building's structural concrete, making detection and removal of the true listening devices by its American occupants nearly impossible.
An Bhulgáir

Tír in oirdheisceart na hEorpa is ea an Bhulgáir (Bulgáiris: България). Is í Sóifia an phríomhchathair agus an chathair is mó atá inti.
Tá sí ag críochantacht le cúig thír eile: an Rómáin sa tuaisceart, an tSeirbia agus Poblacht na Macadóine ar an taobh thiar, agus an Ghréig agus an Tuirc ar an taobh theas den Bhulgáir. Tá an Mhuir Dhubh ar an taobh thoir den Bhulgáir.
Is í an Bhulgáir an 16ú tír is mó san Eoraip. Tá go léir sliabhraonta ann: mar shampla an Stara Planina agus Rodopi, agus sliabhraon Rila. Tá talamh maith le fáil ar na machairí sa tuaisceart agus sa deisceart.
Sa 7ú haois a cuireadh náisiún na Bulgáire ar bun, an chéad impireacht (632/681 – 1018). Mhair an dara himpireacht ó 1185 – 1396/1422, agus bhí an Bhulgáir mar chuid d'impireacht na dTurcach ar feadh tuairim is 500 bliain. Cuireadh an tríú stát neamhspleách ar bun ina dhiaidh sin. Ghabh sí leis an gCummanachas sa bhliain 1945 i ndiaidh an Dara Cogadh Domhanda agus bhí sé ina bhall de bhloc an Oirthir go dtí 1989/1990.
Is pobhlacht í an Bhulgáir anois. Ball den AE, NATO, na Náisiúin Aontaithe agus an World Trade Organization atá ann. 0.840 an Human Development Index (61ú háit ar domhan sa bhliain 2009). Dar le Freedom House, is tír "shaor" í.
Teanga Shlavach í an Bhulgáiris, agus í an-difriúil leis an gcuid is mó de na teangacha Slavacha eile, ós rud é go bhfuil sí tar éis córas díochlaonta na n-ainmfhocal a chailleadh ina iomláine. San am céanna, choinnigh an Bhulgáiris na haimsirí a chuaigh i léig sa chuid eile de na teangacha Slavacha, agus forbraíodh tuilleadh acu faoi thionchar na Gréigise agus na dteangacha Balcánacha - tá infhilleadh na mbriathar i bhfad níos casta sa Bhulgáiris ná sna teangacha Slavacha eile, agus a lán aimsirí comhshuite ann. Ón taobh eile de, áfach, chuaigh infinideach an bhriathair i léig sa Bhulgáiris go hiomlán. Níl ach an Mhacadóinis cosúil leis an mBulgáiris ó thaobh na gramadaí de, ach ansin, is iomaí Bulgárach a deir nach bhfuil sa Mhacadóinis ach canúint Bulgáirise.
Féile Scannán Idirnáisiúnta an Daingin

Reáchtálann Féile Scannán Idirnáisiúnta Dhrioglann an Daingin i gCo Chiarraí i mí na Samhna.
Bíonn na scannáin á dtaispeáint in ionaid éagsúla i nDaingean Uí Chúis, mar atá, An Díseart, Óstán na Sceilge agus Amharclann an Beehive sa Daingean, agus in Ionad an Bhlascaoid i nDún Chaoin.
Bronnfar gradam luach €5,000, urraithe ag Drioglann an Daingin, ar an ngearrscannán is fearr, dar leis na moltóirí.
Gach bliain bíonn scannán á dhéanamh i gcomhpháirt le Cúrsa Léiriúcháin Scannáin agus Teilifíse Chiarraí, go mbíonn baill den phobal áitiúil bainteach leis agus meantóireacht á déanamh air ag daoine gairmiúla ón bpobal sin.
Sa bhliain 2022, bhí breis agus 80 fadscannán agus gearrscannán a fheiscint i gcaitheamh na féile. Bhí 30 léiriúchán Éireannach ann agus an chuid eile ag teacht ó cheithre hairde an domhain.
Bhí spéis faoi leith á cur in Klondike a rinneadh san Úcráin. Bhí an scannán dírithe ar an gcoimhlint i réigiún an Donbass sa bhliain 2014.
Bíonn rogha mhaith fadscannán agus gearrscannán as Gaolainn ar taispeáint chomh maith. Sa bhliain 2022, bhí an fadscannán Tarrac le feiscint in Ionad an Bhlascaoid - scannán a taifeadadh i gCorca Dhuibhne sa bhliain 2021.
Marcus Mac Conghail

Is file, scríbhneoir, ceoltóir agus craoltóir é Marcus Mac Conghail atá lonnaithe idir Baile Átha Cliath agus Gaillimh. D’fhoilsigh Coiscéim Ceol Baile (Dánta agus Amhráin) cnuasach filíochta leis in 2014 agus bronnadh Duais Michael Hartnett air sa bhliain 2015. Is ball den bhanna IMLÉ a bhí ann, ‘tuar dóchais do thodhchaí an cheoil nua-chumtha i nGaeilge'.
Foilsíodh dánta leis in Feasta, Southword Journal, The Stinging Fly, Comhar, agus in Poetry Ireland Review. Léigh sé ag Fíochán Filí i Heilbhic, Cúirt sa Ghaillimh, An Fhéile Bheag Filíochta ar an mBuailtín, Ó Bhéal i gCorcaigh, Fleadh Phádraig i mBéal Feirste, Staccato i mBÁC, The International Literature Festival Dublin, agus ag Imram. Craoladh a shaothar ar an raidió agus ar an teilifís in Éirinn agus bhí sé le clos ar BBC Radio 4 mar chuid de chlár ar nua-fhilíocht na Gaeilge.
Chuir sé leabhairín mangaire in eagar sa bhliain 2014, Línte Leictreacha an t-ainm a bhí air. Cnuasach a bhí ann a bhailigh dánta ó fhilí an Phubaill Ghaeilge ag an bPicnic Leictreach le chéile. Oibríonn sé le Raidió na Gaeltachta.
Sraith raidió a bhí i Meascra a craoladh ar RnaG. Níor tugadh mar threoir ach píosa a chur ar fáil nach rachadh mórán thar na cúig nóiméad agus guth a chur leis ansin sa stiúideo ar ball. Cuireadh leabhar amach faoin teideal Meascra ón Aer. Tagann ábhar an leabhair seo ón tsraith raidió ‘Meascra’ a rinne Mac Conghail do Raidió na Gaeltachta. Iarracht a bhí sa tsraith ardán a thabhairt don scríbhneoireacht nua agus ábhar siamsaíochta agus machnamh a chur ar fáil. Tá meascán mór ábhar sa leabhar – aistí agóide, gearrscéalta, dánta, cuimhní cinn agus eile agus is iontach an réimse ábhar, stíleanna agus guthanna atá ann le 40 scríbhneoir éagsúil lena n-áirítear Caitríona Ní Chléirchín, Eoghan Mac Giolla Bhríde, Biddy Jenkinson, Antain Mac Lochlainn, Réaltán Ní Leannáin, Aindrias Ó Cathasaigh, Caitlín Nic Íomhair agus Cathal Póirtéir.
Black Box International Festival

The Black Box International Theatre and Dance Festival (Bulgarian: Международен фестивал за театър и съвременен танц „Черната кутия“) has taken place every spring in Plovdiv, Bulgaria since 2007. It lasts for one week and is centered on theater and contemporary dance.
The first edition of the festival in 2007 was hosted in the Hindliyan House-Museum in the Old town of Plovdiv. The event was supported by the Plovdiv Municipality, the Cultural Institute "Old Plovdiv" and the Ministry of Culture of Bulgaria. The focus of the first edition was to give the floor to female performers only.
The festival's ninth edition in 2015, with its 600 applications for participation, is reportedly the first major cultural event which takes place after the official designation of Plovdiv as European Capital of Culture for the year 2019. The festival is considered to be "one of the most valuable international events for theater and contemporary dance" that take place in Bulgaria. Partners in the organization of the Black Box Festival'2014 are the Ministry of Culture, Plovdiv Municipality, the Embassies of Austria, Belgium, Israel and United States, The Italian Culture Institute, The Polish Institute, The Hungarian Cultural Institute, Plovdiv Culture House "Boris Hristov", Plovdiv Drama Theatre, Municipal Institute "Old Plovdiv" and Trakart Culture Centre. In 2015, the history of the festival is shown with a photo gallery that is publicly installed in the central pedestrian zone of Plovdiv.
Celtic maze

Celtic mazes are straight-line spiral key patterns that have been drawn all over the world since prehistoric times. The patterns originate in early Celtic developments in stone and metal-work, and later in medieval Insular art. Prehistoric spiral designs date back to Gavrinis (c. 3500 BCE).
The straight-line spirals of Celtic labyrinths originated in chevrons and lozenges and are drawn by the Celts using a connect the dots method.
Free dance (ice dance)

The free dance (FD) is a segment of an ice dance competition, the second contested. It follows the rhythm dance (RD). Skaters perform "a creative dance program blending dance steps and movements expressing the character/rhythm(s) of the dance music chosen by the couple". Its duration is four minutes for senior ice dancers, and 3.5 minutes for juniors. French ice dancers Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron hold the highest recorded international FD score of 137.09 points.
The free dance (FD) takes place after the rhythm dance in all junior and senior ice dance competitions. The International Skating Union (ISU), the body that oversees figure skating, defines the FD as "the skating by the couple of a creative dance program blending dance steps and movements expressing the character/rhythm(s) of the dance music chosen by the couple". The FD must have combinations of new or known dance steps and movements, as well as required elements. The program must "utilize the full ice surface," and be well-balanced. It must contain required combinations of elements (spins, lifts, steps, and movements), and choreography that express both the characters of the competitors and the music chosen by them. It must also display the skaters' "excellent skating technique" and creativity in expression, concept, and arrangement. The FD's choreography must reflect the music's accents, nuances, and dance character, and the ice dancers must "skate primarily in time to the rhythmic beat of the music and not to the melody alone". For senior ice dancers, the FD must have a duration of four minutes; for juniors, 3.5 minutes.
American ice dancers Madison Chock and Evan Bates hold the highest RD score of 93.91, which they achieved at the World Team Trophy in 2023.
The ISU announces the specific requirements for the FD each year. For example, the ISU published the rules for the 2024–25 season in May 2024. The following elements are required: the Dance Lift, the Dance Spin, the Step Sequence, Synchronized Twizzles, and Choreographic Elements.