davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
장률

장률(張律, Zhang Lu, 1962년 ~ )은 한국계 중국인 영화 감독, 영화 각본가, 소설가이다. 현재는 한국에 정착하여 연세대학교 글로벌인재대학 문화미디어 전공 및 커뮤니케이션 대학원 영상학 전공 교수로도 활동하고 있다.
장률은 1962년 5월 30일 중국 옌지에서 태어났다. 초등학교 시절에는 연변의 돈화라는 한족들이 사는 마을에서 살았고, 그 이후 다시 옌지로 이사가서 대학까지 그곳에서 생활하였다.
장률은 연변 대학 중국 문학과를 졸업하고, 공부를 계속하여 연변 대학 중문학 교수까지 된다. 이후 베이징에서 소설을 쓰며 1986년 등단을 하였다. 그는 자신이 문학적으로 영향을 많이 받은 작가로 홍루몽을 쓴 조설근을 꼽는다. 또한 서양 작가 중에는 카프카를 좋아했다고. 이후 1989년 이후에는 소설 쓰는 것을 그만 두었다. 글을 쓰는 것을 그만두게 된 계기 중의 하나로 그는 보르헤스의 책을 읽은 것을 이야기했는데, 이미 보르헤스가 다 썼는데 더 이상 쓸게 없다고 생각이 들었다고.
장률은 39살이라는 다소 늦은 나이에 감독이 되겠다는 결정을 내렸다. 영화 감독을 하게 된 계기가 다소 독특하다. 영화 감독을 하던 친구와 말싸움을 하다가 아무나 만들 수 있는게 영화라고 말했던 것으로 시작하여 그 날로 바로 시나리오를 작성하였고, 그렇게 만든 작품이 《11세》이다. 그는 복잡하게 생각하지 않고 리듬과 정서에만 초점을 맞추었고, 《11세》는 대사 없이 사운드와 음악만 있는 단편이 되었다. 이 영화로 장률은 베니스 영화제 단편 부문에 초청받기도 했다. 영화를 시작하기 전에는 예술영화를 한 편도 못 봤다고 한다. 《11세》 이전에 장률이 알고 있었던 영화는 헐리우드 영화밖에 없었다고. 이후 2003년, 실질적 데뷔작이라고 할 수 있는 첫 번째 장편인 《당시》를 만들었다. 장률은 소설을 쓸 때부터 늘 집에만 틀어박혀 있었다고 한다. 영화를 찍을때에도 계속 그 방식을 유지하면서 그는 영화를 만드는 것이 고독과 싸우는 것과 같다고 말했다. 그는 영화 교육을 받은 적이 없기 때문에 영화는 이래야 한다는 관념도 없었다. 표현하고자 하는 정서와 스타일에만 집중했다고 한다. 《당시》에 이어 《송사》, 《원곡》으로 이어지는 3부작을 계획하고 있고, 촬영방식은 《당시》처럼 시나리오 없이 진행한다고 한다. 《당시》로 장률은 로카르노 영화제에 가게되었고, 뿐만 아니라 밴쿠버, 런던, 홍콩, 그리고 전주영화제에서 상영되었다. 국내에서는 《망종》이 칸 영화제 비평가 주간에서 수상하면서 유명해지기 시작했다. 《망종》은 이탈리아에서 열리는 제 41회 페사로영화제에서 대상, 10회 부산국제영화제 뉴커런츠상을 수상하기도 했다. 감독이 재중동포 출신인만큼 한국, 중국, 조선족 자치구의 인물들을 주로 찍는다. 2013년에는 고향을 떠나 온 외국인 노동자 14명의 이야기를 담은 다큐멘터리 영화 《풍경》을 찍었다. 건조하고 담백하게 하층민들의 암울한 삶이 주를 이루지만 2014년 《경주》에서는 이전의 색과는 다른 모습을 엿볼 수 있다. 1995년 한국을 방문하여 경주를 간 경험을 바탕으로 찍은 영화 《경주》의 시나리오는 보름만에 썼다고 한다. 《경주》에서도 감독의 한시 사랑을 알 수 있는데, 중국 만화의 아버지로 불리는 펑 즈카이의 "人散後,一钩新月天如水. 사람들 흩어진 후에 초승달이 뜨고 하늘은 물처럼 맑다."라는 시화가 등장한다. 2015년 서울노인영화제 개막작 제작지원 감독으로 선정되어 《필름 시대의 사랑(가제)》이 3월 중순에 크랭크업을 했다. 제8회 서울노인영화제 개막작으로 국내 프리미어 상영될 예정이다.
재중동포 출신의 정체성을 필름속에 오롯이 녹아낸다는 평가를 받고 있다. 김지미 평론가는 그에 대하여 어디에서 영화를 찍어도 경계인만이 가진 거리감을 확보할 줄 아는 감독이라고 평가하면서, 그 거리감을 통해 그는 일상의 공간에서 삶과 죽음과 욕망과 초월을 아무렇지 않게 접속시키며 현실 속의 인물을 관념의 세계로 침잠시켰다가 다시 비루한 욕망으로 아무렇지 않게 던져버린다고 말하였다. 영화인으로써 장률 역시도 경계인의 정체성을 가지고 있지만 《경주》이후로 한국의 영화를 만드는 한국 영화 감독으로 인식되기 시작되었다.
Kimchi Cheese Smile

Kimchi Cheese Smile (Korean: 김치 치즈 스마일; RR: Gimchi Chijeu Seumail) is a South Korean sitcom revolving around the life of a kimchi-like (holding popular and conservative ideas) family headed by Shin Goo, who are to become in-laws to Sunwoo Eun-sook's cheese-like (rich and stylish) family. With contrasting classes and values, the sitcom follows these two families through various events in their lives.
Additional cast members
Injo-gogi-bap

Injo-gogi-bap, which means rice with artificial meat, is a North Korean dish, made of rice, kimchi, soy bean paste and soy bean oil. It is made by wrapping steamed rice in a light skin made from leftover soybean paste and dressed with a chili sauce. This creates a meat-like texture.
Injo-gogi-bap was created during the North Korean famine, which lasted from 1994 to 1998.
Dongaseu

Dongaseu (Korean: 돈가스, IPA: [to̞nk͈a̠sʰɯ]) is a Koreanized version of Japanese tonkatsu. It consists of a breaded, deep-fried pork cutlet. Typically it is served with sauce glazed over the top, with white rice and a vegetable based banchan side dish.
The dish was introduced to Korea around 1930s during the period of Japanese rule, but the thick, Japanese-style tonkatsu failed to gain popularity. Don-gaseu became popular in the 1960s, with the spread of gyeong-yangsik—light western food—restaurants. The dish, although called by the Japanese-derived name don-gaseu, followed Western pork cutlet recipes such as those of the Austrian Schnitzel—thinned by pounding before being breaded and deep-fried. It was not sliced, and served with bread. Western-style appetizer soup was served before the dish. Don-gaseu developed into two distinct varieties. In 1977, gyeong-yangsik-style don-gaseu with thin meat became a popular menu in gisa-sikdang—drivers' restaurant, similar to transport café, for taxi drivers—with the addition of chili peppers and kimchi as an accompaniment. As gyeong-yangsik restaurants nearly disappeared, this style of don-gaseu is now commonly served in drivers' restaurants and bunsik-jip (snack restaurants). A second style of don-gaseu, with thicker meat and served sliced following the Japanese method, was made popular in 1983 by a restaurant called Myeongdong Dongaseu. This style of don-gaseu is now commonly served in authentic Japanese restaurants.
Korean don-gaseu is different from Japanese tonkatsu in that it is thinner and often served unsliced, thus eaten with a knife and fork, not chopsticks, and is served with demi-glace on top of the fried meat (or in case of fish cutlet, tartar sauce on the fried fish). Common accompaniments include shredded cabbage sprinkled with ketchup-mayonnaise mixture, baked beans, macaroni salad, sweet corn, and danmuji (yellow pickled radish). Green chili peppers and doenjang (soybean paste) or ssamjang (wrap sauce) for dipping the chili peppers, baechu-kimchi (cabbage kimchi) or kkakdugi (radish kimchi), and rice with Korean or Japanese style soup can be served with the don-gaseu plate. Alternatively, bread can replace rice, in which case Western-style soup is served before the main plate as an appetizer.
Reply 1988

Reply 1988 (Korean: 응답하라 1988) is a South Korean television series and the third installment of the Reply anthology series. It stars an ensemble cast led by Lee Hye-ri, Park Bo-gum, Ryu Jun-yeol, Go Kyung-pyo, and Lee Dong-hwi. It revolves around five friends and their families living in the same neighborhood of Ssangmun-dong, Dobong District, Northern Seoul from the year 1988. It aired every Friday and Saturday from November 6, 2015, to January 16, 2016, on tvN for 20 episodes.
Reply 1988 received widespread critical and audience acclaim with its finale episode recording an 18.8% nationwide audience share, making it the highest rated drama in Korean cable television history at the time of airing. It was hailed as a “National Drama,” and is an example of 1980s nostalgia which initiated the newtro boom in South Korea.
Reply 1988 marked the third collaboration between director Shin Won-ho, screenwriter Lee Woo-jung and actors Sung Dong-il and Lee Il-hwa after Reply 1997 (2012) and Reply 1994 (2013). Kim Sung-kyun, who co-starred in 1994 also joined the cast. The first script-reading was held in August 2015. Choi Taek, played by Park Bo-gum, was loosely based on the real-life Go player, Lee Chang-ho.
Unlike the previous Reply series, 1988 focused more on filial bond than romance between characters with director Shin saying that most of the story was about family, and only a small fraction was about Deok-sun's love.
Like its predecessors, the soundtrack for Reply 1988 also consists of remakes of old songs.
In this table, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.
List of Good Eats episodes

Good Eats is an informational cooking show in which Alton Brown would go into the history and or science of a particular dish or item that was the focal point of each episode. The show started with Food Network, airing 245 episodes of 14 seasons with eight specials and five shorts which aired on the Food Network website. In October 2018, Cooking Channel created a "Reloaded" season with 13 episodes. Season 15, titled Good Eats: The Return, began airing August 25, 2019 on Food Network.
In season 9, the show began broadcasting in 1080i high-definition in addition to standard-definition.
During season 11, Food Network tried to synchronize episodes with seasonal celebrations, changing the airdates of some episodes.
The sequence, air date, and episode numbers for season 15 (named onscreen as Good Eats: The Return) are unclear. Available sources including Food Network's Episode listings and streaming service disagree. The table below uses information from Food Network's streaming service.
Season 16 of Good Eats premiered first on the Discovery+ streaming service. The table below uses information from Discovery+ for the streaming air dates. The episodes later aired on television on the Food Network.
Uiseong County

Uiseong County (Uiseong-gun) is a county in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, South Korea. Located near the center of the province, it is bounded by Andong on the north, Cheongsong on the east, Gunwi County on the south, and Sangju and Yecheon on the west. As in most parts of Korea, most of the land is vacant and forested; only about 19% of the county's area is farmland. The county is largely rural, with an economy dominated by agriculture; the only urbanized area is the county seat, Uiseong-eup.
South Korean national treasure 77, a five-storied stone pagoda, lies in Geumseong-myeon. Also in Geumseong-myeon are a set of more than 300 dinosaur tracks from the early Cretaceous period.
Uiseong is home to Gounsa, one of the 24 head temples of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. This temple is located in Danchon-myeon.
Uiseong is known for its garlic, which began cultivation since 1527 by the Gimhae and Gyeongju Choi clans. It has been accustomed to the local soil and climate, giving it a firm texture and multiple tastes (sweet, sour, salty, spicy, bitter), as well as not spoiling quickly when used to make kimchi. Uiseong garlic are also being fed to locally-raised cows, thus altering the taste of beef to be mild and savory; restaurants in the county specialize in preparing dishes with this beef.
Famous people from Uiseong include Yu Sŏngnyong, prime minister and one of the best loyal contributors during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98), and the "Garlic Girls", women's curling silver medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Uiseong County is divided into 18 primary districts (1 eup and 17 myeon). These in turn are divided into 178 legal ri, which in turn are composed of a total of 399 administrative ri. The county's primary divisions are as follows:
Uiseong has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa) with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers.
Uiseong Sansuyu Festival
Hwajeon-ri, a 15-minute walk from Uiseong Town, is a spectacular place with Sansuyu. Starting from late March, yellow flowers will bloom and bloom until mid-April, and in October, red fruit will be produced and dyed red. The Hwajeon-ri area consists of more than 30,000 trees that have grown up since the Chosun Dynasty.
Uiseong is twinned with:
36°21′00″N 128°41′00″E﻿ / ﻿36.35000001°N 128.683333343°E﻿ / 36.35000001; 128.683333343
Museum Kimchikan

Museum Kimchikan (Korean: 뮤지엄 김치간), formerly Kimchi Field Museum, is a food museum in Insa-dong, Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It originally opened in 1986 as the first such museum in Korea, and has since moved locations twice. It focuses on kimchi: one of the staples of Korean cuisine.
Exhibits focus on the food's history, its historical and regional varieties, and its importance to Korean culture and cuisine. The museum collects data and statistics on kimchi and regularly offers activities for visitors, such as demonstrations of the kimchi-making process, kimchi tastings, and cooking classes.
It is closed on Mondays, as well as during Lunar New Year, Chuseok, and Christmas.
The admission fees are KRW 5,000 for adults (19 & up), KRW 3,000 for adolescents and teens (8-18), and KRW 2,000 for children (3-7), with the Cabbage Kimchi Workshop priced at KRW 25,000.
The Kimchi Field Museum was originally established in 1986 in Pil-dong, Jung District. It was the first museum to kimchi in the country. From 1987, the museum was managed by Pulmuone Inc. In 1988, the museum was moved to the COEX (Convention and Exhibition Center), in connection with the 1988 Summer Olympics that were hosted in Seoul that year.
In 2015, the museum was selected as one of the world's top 11 food museums by CNN.
The museum moved from its COEX location, and was reopened in its current Insa-dong location on April 21, 2015.
কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র দাশ

কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র দাশ (১৮৬৯-১৯৩৪) যিনি কে. সি. দাশ নামেও পরিচিত, একজন বাঙালি মিষ্টান্নবাদী, বিশ শতকের গোড়ার দিকের সফল বাঙালি উদ্যোক্তা ও ব্যবসায়ী ছিলেন। ১৮৬৯ সালে কলকাতার বাগবাজারে জন্মগ্রহণকারী কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র ছিলেন বাঙালি মিষ্টান্ন ও মিষ্টি উদ্ভাবক নবীনচন্দ্র দাশের একমাত্র পুত্র এবং উত্তরসূরি। কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র বৈজ্ঞানিক অন্বেষণের চেতনায় বহুমুখী উত্সাহী ছিলেন। তিনি একটি বৈদ্যুতিক তাঁত, সোডার ঝর্ণা যন্ত্র তৈরি করেন, এছাড়া হোমিওপ্যাথি সম্পর্কে বিস্তৃত গবেষণা এবং পূর্ব ও পশ্চিমা শাস্ত্রীয় সংগীত নিয়ে গবেষণা করেছিলেন। ১৯৩০-এর দশকে কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র দাশ ভ্যাকুয়াম কোটায় ভরে রসগোল্লা বিক্রি করেন, যা পরে কৃষ্ণচন্দ্রের পুত্র ও উত্তরসূরি সারদা চরণ দাস দ্বারা প্রতিষ্ঠিত পারিবারিক কোম্পানি কে.সি দাশ প্রাইভেট লিমিটেড দ্বারা সারা ভারত জুড়ে জনপ্রিয় এবং প্রচার করা হয়।
নবীনচন্দ্র দাশ তার একমাত্র পুত্র কৃষ্ণ চন্দ্র দাশের কাছে মিষ্টান্ন ব্যবসার ভার দেন। কৃষ্ণ পারিবারিক মিষ্টান্ন ব্যবসায়ের ক্ষেত্রে একটি অনুসন্ধানী চেতনার পথ দেখিয়েছিলেন এবং এটিকে শীর্ষস্থানীয় ভারতীয় মিষ্টান্ন হিসাবে গড়ে তুলতে সক্ষম হন।
বৈজ্ঞানিক উদ্ভাবন ও যন্ত্রপাতির প্রতি অগাধ অনুরাগী কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র প্রথমে বাগবাজারে একটি যান্ত্রিক ও বৈজ্ঞানিক দোকান দেন। তার প্রাথমিক লক্ষ্য ছিল বাংলা মিষ্টি কনফেকশনারির আধুনিকীকরণ এবং পুনর্নির্মাণের জন্য নতুন প্রযুক্তি বিকাশ করা। দুর্ভাগ্যক্রমে তাঁর মা খিরোদমণি দেবী বিজ্ঞান ও পরীক্ষার আলোকে নবীনচন্দ্র দাশের মিষ্টান্নকে নতুন করে সংজ্ঞায়িত করার ধারণার তীব্র বিরোধিতা করেছিলেন। ফলে কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র তার বাবার মিষ্টান্নের দোকান থেকে বেরিয়ে আসেন এবং পারিবারিক ব্যবসায়ের প্রসার করতে নিজের নামে নিজস্ব উদ্ভাবনে কাজ করতে শুরু করেন। তার বৈজ্ঞানিক পদ্ধতিটি দ্রুত সফলতার মুখ এবং তিনি অর্থনৈতিক ও প্রযুক্তিগত সাফল্য পান। সম্ভবত কে. সি. দাশের অগ্রণী প্রচেষ্টার ফলেই রসগোল্লা ব্যাপকভাবে ভারতের জাতীয় মিষ্টি হিসাবে বিবেচিত হয়।
পিতা কিংবদন্তি নোবীন ময়রার উত্তরাধিকারী হওয়ার পাশাপাশি, কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র তার মায়ের পরিবার থেকে একটি সুপরিচিত মিষ্টান্ন উত্তরাধিকার সূত্রে পেয়েছিলেন। তাঁর মা খিরোদমনি দেবী ছিলেন ভোলানাথ দে’র নাতনী, ভোলানাথ দে উনবিংশ শতাব্দীর বাংলার ইতিহাসে "ভোলা ময়রা" নামে বেশি পরিচিত। "ভোলা ময়রা" কেবল পেশাদার মিষ্টান্ন হিসাবেই নয়, একজন দক্ষ কবি-সুরকার হিসাবেও বাঙালি লোককাহিনী এবং সংস্কৃতিতে স্থান করে নিয়েছেন। কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র, শ্বেতাঙ্গিনী দেবীর সাথে বিবাহবন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হয়েছিলেন। তাদের পাঁচ পুত্র এবং একটি কন্যা ছিল। ১৯৩০ সালে, কৃষ্ণ চন্দ্র তাঁর কনিষ্ঠ পুত্র, সারদা চরণ দাশকে সাথে নিয়ে মিষ্টান্নের দোকান শুরু করেছিলেন।
কৃষ্ণচন্দ্রের প্রধান অবদান ছিল টিনজাত রসগোল্লার প্রবর্তন এবং " তিনি তার উদ্ভাবন বাজারজাত করার জন্য, তার কনিষ্ঠ উত্সাহী পুত্র সারদা চরণ দাশকে সাথে নিয়ে জোড়াসাঁকোতে (১৯৩০ সালে) একটি নতুন কনফেকশনারির দোকান খোলেন। সেখান থেকে তিনি টিনজাত রসগোল্লাকে জনপ্রিয় করে তোলেন, এটি সেই সময়ে ভারতে উত্পাদিত প্রথম এবং একমাত্র টিনজাত মিষ্টান্ন ছিল। এভাবেই "কে.সি. দাশ" কনফেকশনারি কোম্পানি প্রতিষ্ঠা পায়। পরে কৃষ্ণচন্দ্রের পুত্র এবং উত্তরাধিকারী সারদাচরণ দাশ ১৯৪৬ সালে কোম্পানি আইনের অধীনে এটিকে কে.সি . দাশ প্রাইভেট লিমিটেড হিসাবে উন্নীত করেন এবং আইনীভাবে পুনঃপ্রতিষ্ঠিত করেন।
List of words having different meanings in American and British English (A–L)

This is the List of words having different meanings in British and American English: A–L. For the second portion of the list, see List of words having different meanings in American and British English: M–Z.
Asterisked (*) meanings, though found chiefly in the specified region, also have some currency in the other region; other definitions may be recognised by the other as Briticisms or Americanisms respectively. Additional usage notes are provided where useful.
Note: the below are general references on this topic. Individual entries have not yet been audited against the references below and readers looking for verifiable information should consult the works below unless individual entries in the article's table are properly sourced.
Rabri

Rabri (IAST: Rabaḍī) is a sweet, condensed-milk-based dish, originating from the Indian subcontinent, made by boiling milk on low heat for a long time until it becomes dense and changes its colour to off-white or pale yellow. Jaggery, spices, and nuts are added to it to give it flavor. It is chilled and served as dessert. Rabri is the main ingredient in several desserts, such as rasabali, chhena kheeri, and khira sagara.
A similar dish goes by the name Basundi.
Chandimangala mentions rabdi (thickened, sweetened milk), along with other sweets, in the early 1400s.
Rabri was banned in Kolkata 1965 during an economic recession for its excessive use of milk. It was overturned within the year by the Calcutta High Court due to lawsuits from independent sweet shops.
According to some legends, Rabri was first offered to Lord Krishna at the Banke Bihari Temple in Vrindavana by a Rajasthani princess.
Rabri is made by heating sweetened milk in a large open vessel (kadhai). As the layer of cream begins to form on the surface of the milk, it is taken off and kept aside. The process continues until the milk is exhausted.
There are various types of Rabri, each with distinct characteristics:
Plain Rabri is prepared by continuously simmering and stirring milk until it reduces and thickens. Sugar and cardamom are commonly added to enhance its flavor.
Lachha Rabri is characterized by layers of cream, known as lachhas, which form during the slow cooking process. These layers give it a distinctive texture.
Pista Rabri is characterized by the inclusion of pistachios, which lend a distinct flavor and a greenish tint to the dessert.
Kesari Rabri is flavored with saffron, giving it a golden hue and a rich, aromatic flavor
Malai Rabri is distinguished by the addition of extra malai (cream), resulting in a richer and more indulgent version compared to the traditional Rabri.
Tert-Butylthiol

tert-Butylthiol, also known as tert-butyl mercaptan (TBM), and abbreciated t-BuSH, is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)3CSH. This thiol has a strong odor. It is considered a flavoring agent.
It was first prepared in 1890 by Leonard Dobbin by the reaction of zinc sulfide and t-butyl chloride.
The compound was later prepared by the reaction of the Grignard reagent, t-BuMgCl, with sulfur to give the corresponding thiolate, followed by hydrolysis. This preparation is shown below:
It is made industrially by the reaction of isobutylene with hydrogen sulfide over a clay (silica alumina) catalyst.
tert-Butylthiol is deprotonated by lithium hydride in an aprotic solvent such as hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). The resulting lithium thiolate salt has been used as demethylating reagent. For example, treatment with 7-methylguanosine gives guanosine. Other N-methylated nucleosides in tRNA are not demethylated by this reagent.
tert-Butylthiol reacts with thallium(I) ethoxide to give the thallium thiolate:
This thallium thiolate can be used to convert acyl chlorides to the thioester:
tert-BuSLi reacts with MoCl4 with to give the tetrathiolate complex:
tert-Butylthiol is the main ingredient in many gas odorant blends. It is always utilized as a blend of other compounds, typically dimethyl sulfide, methyl ethyl sulfide, tetrahydrothiophene or other mercaptans such as isopropyl mercaptan, sec-butyl mercaptan and/or n-butyl mercaptan, due to its rather high melting point of −0.5 °C (31.1 °F). These blends are used only with natural gas and not propane, as the boiling points of these blends and propane are quite different. Because propane is delivered as a liquid and vaporizes to gas when it is delivered to the appliance, the vapor liquid equilibrium would substantially reduce the amount of odorant blend in the vapor.
tert-Butylthiol had been listed on the European Food Safety Authority (FL-no: 12.174) as a flavor additive. There is no indication of what flavor(s) it may have been used in. It has been removed from this list.
tert-Butylthiol is a very minor component of cooked potatoes.
The Threshold limit value (TLV) is 0.5 ppm. tert-butylthiol has an odor threshold of <0.33 ppb.
Patience Ozokwor

Patience Ozokwor, // (na-ege ntị) (A amụrụ ya n'ụbọchị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ1958) ọ bụ onye Naijiria na-eti egwu, onye na-emepụta ejiji, onye na'agụ egwú gospel, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri. O meriri ihe nrite Best Supporting Actress 2012 & 2013 na 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards. A maara ya maka ịrụ ọrụ nke nwanyị ọjọọ na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri ya. Patience Ozokwor so n'ime ndị Naijiria puku irí kachasị elu nke gọọmentị sọpụrụ iji mee emume njikọta nke mpaghara ugwu na ndịda n'afọ 2014.
Cake(Nollywood Movie)

Achicha bụ ihe nkiri Nollywood Romcom nke Prosper Edesiri duziri ma Tongryang Pantu mebere ya. Ọ gosipụtara Saskay, Patience Ozokwor, Emmanuel Jibunor, Philip Asaya, Tope Tedela, Sophie Alakija, Folu Storms ebe Dotun Olakunri bụ onye nrụpụta ọrụ ya nke Steve Gukas sokwa rụpụta ihe nkiri ahụ. E wepụtara ya site na Natives Filmworks na Michelangelo Productions nke Natives Family Friendly Films Project Production Company. Ekesara ihe nkiri a site na FilmOne Production ma tọhapụkwa ya ka ihe nkiri na 25 Febuwarị 2022.
Turning Point (ihe nkiri 2012)

Turning Point bụ ihe nkiri 2012 nke Niyi Towolawi dere ma duzie ya na Jackie Appiah, KD Aubert, Todd Bridges, Ernie Hudson, Patience Ozokwor, ya na Igoni Archibong na-eme ihe nkiri a n'okpuru aha nke "Ade". Ọ natara nhọpụta abụọ na 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards .
Ade (Igoni Archibong) bụ onye na-egwu egwuregwu onye Naijiria-American onye na-ahụ maka itinye ego na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na New York City. Ọ nọ na mmekọrịta ya na onye na-achọsi ike ịlụ African-American Stacey ( KD Aubert ). Ezinụlọ ya ( Ernie Hudson, Cynda Williams ) kpachara anya maka "African" a mana ọ na-amalite ikpo ọkụ n'ebe ọ nọ n'ihi ọganihu ọkachamara ya na ịma mma ya.
Otú ọ dị, nne Ade na-eduhie eduhie (Patience Ozokwor) na Naijiria ga-ahọrọ nwa ya nwoke ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike ma tụfuo "nwa agbọghọ ahụ na-enweghị mgbọrọgwụ a na-achọpụta" maka nwunye si n'ime ndị otu ya. A ghọgburu ya ileta Naijiria naanị iji chọpụta na alụmdi na nwunye a haziri ahazi maka ya na onye ọ na-amaghị. Na-achọghị, Ade nabatara nwunye ọhụrụ ahụ, Grace (Jackie Appiah), ebe ọ bụ na ọ mara mma ma yie ka ọ na-edo onwe ya n'okpuru.
Na US, Ade na-ezere Stacey ruo mgbe o ji obi ọjọọ chọpụta alụmdi na nwunye nzuzo ya. Grace na-abanye ngwa ngwa n'ụdị ndụ America, na-ebi dị ka nwanyị echekwabara mgbe Ade na-aga n'ihu na-anụ ụtọ nnwere onwe nke nzere bachelọ.
Grace mechara gwụ n'àgwà Ade ma chee ya ihu, na-akpata usoro agha nke na-eme ka Ade ghọta otú o si dị mfe iji ndụ ya na-achọsi ike. Site na ndị siri ike na ndị enyi dị gịrịgịrị, Ade kpebiri ịmalite ọgụ ikpeazụ nke ga-abụ oge mgbanwe maka onye ọ bụla.
Code of Silence (2015 film)

Code of Silence bụ ihe nkiri Naijiria nke afọ 2015 nke Emem Isong duziri ma bụrụ Bola Aduwo dere . Ọ bụ Royal Arts Academy na mmekorita ya na Nollywood Workshop mere ihe nkiri a . Ọ gosipụtara Makida Moka na agwa ngosipụta dị ka Adanma, Patience Ozokwor, Ini Edo and Omoni Oboli . Ọ bụ ihe a ma ama maka nkwụsi ike ya megide ndina n'ike na Nigeria ma na-ekwu okwu gbasara ndị a na-edina n'ike na mba ahụ .
Adanma, nwa akwụkwọ ahụike na-eto eto, nwere ọgụgụ isi nke nwere atụmanya ọrụ, bụ otu onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị obodo na onye enyemaka ya dara n'ike mgbe ọ na-ala kọleji. Ọ na-ekwupụta ihe mere ezinụlọ ya, mana n'ihi ọnọdụ enweghị ọnụ ha na ọha mmadụ, ọ na-atụ egwu ịgwa ndị okwesiri N'ike n'ike mmebi ndinam n'ije metụtara Adanma n'ụzọ mmetụta uche na nke mmetụta echiche, na ahụmahụ na-akpasu iwe ma malitere imetụta ndụ ya dum.
Ọ bụ Royal Arts Academy na mmekorita ya na Nollywood Workshop mepụtara Code of Silence . Ihe ngosi nke abụọ Emem Isong mere, o kwuru maka ebumnuche ya ime ihe nkiri a bụ: "Mgbe ụfọdụ, m na-eme ihe nkiri nkwado na code of silence bụ otu n'ime ihe nkiri ndị dị otú ahụ. Ekpebiri m ime ihe nkiri banyere idina mmadụ n'ike iji gwa ndị mmadụ ka ha pụta na-ekwu 'Mba' gbasara ndinam n'ike. Ka anyị kwụsị ịgbachi nkịtị. Anyị chọrọ imebi echiche ahụ na onye edi ara n'ije kpatara nke a. Akụkọ ahụ chọtara m n’ezie n’ihi na enyi m wetara m akụkọ ahụ, mgbe m gụrụ ya, achọpụtara m na m nwere nke ọma. Ọ bụ ihe nkiri mmefu ego nde iri abụọ. Ekpebiri m ịrụ ọrụ na nkedo ndị a n'ihi na mụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ha arụkọla ọrụ, enwere m mmetụta na ha ga-akọwa ọrụ ndị ahụ nke ọma."
Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nlereanya Makida Moka hụrụ na ọ na-ime ihe nkiri a ka ọ bụ ahụmahụ siri ike, nke kpasuru ya iwe ruo n'ókè na anya mmiri na-agbakarị ya mgbe e wepụrụ ihe nkiri.
Ngosi mbụ ihe nkiri a na abalị asatọ nke ọnwa ọgọstụ, 2015 na Silverbird Galleria, Victoria Island, Lagos, nke tinyere mmemme ndị ome ihe nkiri ụlọ ọrụ Nollywood bịara nke oma. ihe nkiri a natara nkwutọ. EderedeToni Kan, nyereNigeria Entertainment Today gosipụtara Na ihe nkiri n'eme njem ebe dị anya ikpoghachite mmetụta nke n'eme ndị ometutara na ezinụlọ ha igbachi nkịtị mgbe ndina n'ike mere", ma gwasikwa onye ọ bụla ike gbasara ya. Ọ na-akọwa ihe obodo n'etiti mgbe awakporo nwanyị n'ike, mgbe anyị mechiri ọnụ gbasara ya ma otú ọ si kwesi nwoke inwe nkwanye Ugwu onwe ya hapụ inara aha nleda anya dị ka onye nwakpo n'ike". Agbanyeghị mmetụta mwakpo n'ije a, Kan kọwaa na ọ gaghị itinye ohere ntọ ọchị.
Don't Get Mad Get Even (ihe nkiri)

Don't Get Mad Get even bụ ihe nkiri Naijiria mepụtara na 2019 site n'aka Raphael Dedenuola ma duziri Wale Ojo . E wepụtara ya n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nke RGD Media ma kesaa ya site na nkesa ihe nkiri Silver Bird. Ihe nkiri a na-enye nkọwa doro anya na ọdịiche dị n'etiti agụmakwụkwọ na akụnụba, Femi Jacobs, Yemi Solade, Deyemi Okanlanwon, Kenneth Okolie, Toyin Abraham, Patience Ozokwor na Jide Kosoko soro na ndi e gosiputara na ihe nkiri a
Akụkọ ahụ gbasara ụmụnna abụọ; onye gụrụ akwụkwọ na onye na-agụghị akwụkwọ mana onye okike. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ihu ọhụrụ mgbe nwanna nwoke ahụ, bụ́ onye nkụzi gbajiri agbaji ma dabere n'ebe nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ bụ́ onye na-akụ egwú na-aga nke ọma ugbu a..
Emere ihe nkiri ahụ Naịjirịa na Ghana n'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019.
African Leadership University

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Mahadum Leadership Africa (ALU) bụ ọrụ dabere na ụmụ anụmanụ dị ime bara uru na Africa. Dị ka ngwá ọrụ n'ọrụ n'ịbụ kacha mma, ALU na-etinye ndị isi nke nkà na ẹzà, Nkwado, na ndị na-eji ọrụ ka ha na-enye ọrụ bara uru n'Africa nye ndị inyom dị ime. Ozi ozi mma nke ALU bụ ebe nchekwa njem, na ike ihe, na ọrụ, na-eme dị ime iji mee ka àkwà mmiri mmiri uru na-arụ ọrụ n'akwụkwọ na ihe dị ka otu ụbọchị n'Africa.
ALU bụ steeti maara na n'Afrịka, ọnụ nwa ọ bụla chọrọ inwe obi ụtọ na ịrụ ọrụ ya iji kwadebe maka omume bara uru n'Africa. Site na ndebanye aha kacha mma na ọrụ bara uru, ALU emeela ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ime ka ha bụrụ ndị isi nke ntọala na ndị isi nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ anyị ma jiri ohere a mee ihe.
ALU bụ onye na-ese ihe gbasara ihe omume ụlọ akwụkwọ bara uru na ahụike nke enwere ike ịchọta na igwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adabere na isiokwu ndị dị ugbu a, maka ọrụ ndị dị mkpa na ahịa ọrụ, ọrụ mmepe, ọrụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha a chọrọ maka ụmụ nwanyị dị ime bụ njikọ nke nwere ọtụtụ njikọ na ihe ndị dị ha mkpa maka ọrụ bara uru na Africa.
Awino Okech

Awino Okech bụ onye nkuzi Kenya, nke dị na Mahadum London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), ebe "mkụziaka na nchọpụta ya dị na njikọ dị n'etiti okike, mmekọahụ na mba / steeti na-eme ọrụ ka ha na-eme na esemokwu na obodo ndị na-esote esemokwu". Okech akụzikwaara na African Leadership Centre, nke dị na King's College London, ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke Feminist Africa.
Awino Okech tolitere Kisumu Kenya, ebe nne ya bụ onye nkuzi. Okech nwere nzere bachelọ sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Nairobi, Kenya, na-esote nzere masta na PhD na African Gender Institute na Mahadim Cape Town.
Okech kụziri African Leadership Centre, nke dị na King's College London, ebe ọ bụ onye na-akpọkọta Gender Leadership and Society module, nke bụ akụkụ nke MSc na Security, Leadership and Social.
Okech ugbu a na Mahadum London's School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), na Centre for Gender Studies, ebe "ozizi na nchọpụta ya dị na njikọ dị n'etiti okike, mmekọahụ na mba / steeti na-eme ọrụ ka ha na-eme na esemokwu na obodo ndị na-esote esemokwu".
Okech onye otu ndị nchịkọta akụkọ nke Feminist Africa, akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-enyocha site na African Gender Institute, nke dị na Mahadum Cape Town. Okech onye otu African Security Sector Network, ndị ọkà mmụta pan-African na ndị na-akwado iwu netwọk lekwasịrị anya na mgbanwe nke ngalaba nchekwa.
Akwụkwọ Okech gụnyere:
Ifeoma Malo

Ngozi Ifeoma Malo Audio (help·info) bụ ọkàiwu nọ na Nigeria nwetara mmeri nke Eisenhower Fellowship na 2015. Ọ bụ onye ibe Desmond Tutu, African Leadership fellow nakwa Crans Montana New Leaders fellow. N'afọ 2015, o jere ozi dịka onyeisi ndị ọrụ n' ọkachamara na-ahụ maka nkà na ụzụ banyere usoro ọkụ, ụkpụrụ na mmekọrịta na Prọfesọ. Chinedu Nebo, onye bụbu Minista nke na-ahụ maka ọkụ n'ala Naijiria. Ọ bụ ugbu a onyeisi oche nke Clean Tech Hub and Energy Innovation Centre, Abuja.
O nwetara akara ugo mmụta bachelor na Mahadum nke Ibadan na 2000 wee nwee ọkwá atọ dị elu: Iwu si na Mahadum Harvard , Mkpebi Nkwekọrịta na Teknụzụ, na Mahadum Massachusetts .
Ifeoma rụrụ n' Ashoka , ọfịs nke West Africa. Ọ rụrụ dị ka onye na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ọha na eze nke Boston nakwa dịka onye prọfesọ na-akụzi ihe na Mahadum Massachusetts Boston. Mgbe ọ nọ na Boston, ọ na-eje ozi dịka onye ndụmọdụ n' ụlọ ọrụ Global Biotechnology nke a na-akpọ Genzyme Corporation .
Na Naijiria, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi ọgụgụ isi n' ụlọ ọrụ George Goli and Okagbue, emesị a bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa na Njikọ Nlekọta na Njikọ Nkwekọrịta. Emesiri họpụta Ifeoma ka ọ bụrụ onye inyeaka pụrụ iche nye Minista nke Ego na Nigeria nakwa tupu ya agaa dịka onye ndụmọdụ ọkachamara siri ike nke Prọfesọ Chinedu Nebo, onye bụbu Minista nke ọkụ na Naijiria. O jere ọrụ dika onyeisi ndụmọdụ na Onyeisi oche nke Iwu Nigerian Electricity Regulaory Commission .
N'afọ 2013, a họpụtara ya dika otu n'ime ndi Naijiria nwetara Desmond Tutu Fellowship Program . A họọrọ Ifeoma dịka onye ibe nke Eisenhower Multi National Program na U.S n'afọ 2015. Ọ bụkwa onye ibe nke African Leadership Forum na Crans Montana New Leaders.
Patience Ozokwor

Patience Ozokwor // (born 14 September 1958), otherwise known as Mama G, or G for General, is a renowned Nigerian Nollywood actress, a television personality, fashion designer, and a musician. She won the Best Supporting Actress 2012 & 2013 award at the 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards. She is known for playing the role of a villain in some of her movies. Patience Ozokwor was among the top 100 Nigerians Honored by the government to celebrate the amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates in 2014.
On May 20, 2023, she was named the Merit Award Winner at the 2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards.
Patience Ozokwor was born in the village of Amaobo, Ngwo in present-day Enugu State, Nigeria, and attended Abimbola Gibson Memorial School in Lagos. Patience Ozokwor had a passion for acting ever since she was in primary school, where she would act in different stage plays. She later attended the Institute of Management and Technology Enugu, where Patience obtained a degree in fine and applied arts. Before starting as an actress, she was part of a Radio Drama. She took part in a soap opera by the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) titled "Someone Cares". She was married at age 19 and has three biological children and five adopted ones, who all bear her name. Ozokwor became a widow in 2000 when she lost her husband.
She was an announcer and broadcaster on Radio Nigeria before she became an actress. She rose to fame from her role in the 1999 movie Authority and her first TV drama won a soap opera titled Someone Cares on the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA). Since her rise to fame, she proceeded to act in over 100 movies.
She recently starred in the Mo Abudu Netflix movie Chief Daddy (2018) and Chief Daddy 2: Going for Broke (2022) as Madam Pat.
She got married at the age of 19 and she lost her husband to a terminal disease. She has four biological children, three adopted children and grand children. She is also an ordained evangelist.
Chinedu Ikedieze

Chinedu Ikedieze// , MFR (born 12 December 1977) is a Nigerian actor, entrepreneur and investor. He is best known for playing alongside Osita Iheme in the 2002 film Aki na Ukwa. He has featured in over 150 films in a career spanning over 22 years. He has acted in the role of a kid in most of his films during his early career due to his stature and physical appearance. He is known as Aki for his performance in the film Aki na Ukwa. In 2011, he married fashion designer Nneoma Nwaijah and the couple had their first child in 2012. They have 2 daughters and a son.
Chinedu completed his primary and secondary education in Aba, Abia State. After completing his secondary education he earned a Higher National Diploma (HND) in Theatre Arts and a degree in Mass Communication from the Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu (IMT). After completing his studies at IMT, he initially wanted to become a lawyer but pursued a career in film acting in 1998 and initially featured in lesser roles. He first acted in a minor role in the 1998 film Evil Men. He enrolled in the prestigious New York Film Academy in 2004.
He entered the Nollywood industry in 2000 and rose to recognition in a Nigerian film he acted in 2000, Aki na Ukwa, where he played the breakthrough role of Aki alongside another little person actor Osita Iheme. This created a bond between both of them. The duo were popularly identified as "Aki and Paw Paw" since the release of the film in 2002 and ever since they have both featured together in several films taking the lead roles in those movies. Both Chinedu and Osita have been maintaining onscreen and offscreen chemistry which is widely praised by the Nollywood fraternity. Chinedu and Osita collectively established Aki and Pawpaw Entertainment. They also own the Aki n Paw Child Care Foundation.
In 2007, Ikedieze received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Africa Movie Academy Awards. He was also honored with the Order of the Federal Republic which was given by the then Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan for his contributions to Nollywood and to the economic growth of the country.
In 2018, he was honored in Miami, Florida in the United States of America as a distinguished visitor to the city of Miami, Florida. In appreciation he said “From the bottom of my heart I say thank you to Miami-Dade, country office of the Mayor and the county commissioners for honoring me as a distinguished visitor to the city of Miami, Florida. You have just given me a key to more success in life. He therefore encouraged all to believe if themselves if the world believes in them.
His performance alongside fellow little person actor Osita Iheme in the 2002 film Aki na Ukwa is still widely spoken of and the duo especially Osita's character has been trending through memes since 2019 in Twitter and other social media platforms globally. Osita is listed as one of the richest actors in Nigeria. Chinedu praises Kasvid the late film producer for investing in him and Osita.
Yul Edochie

Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie // (born 7 January 1982), popularly known as Yul Edochie// , is a Nigerian actor and politician.
Edochie was born on 7 January 1982. He is from Anambra State and is the son of actor Pete Edochie, the youngest of six children. He was raised in both Lagos and Enugu. He was named after the Russian actor Yul Brynner. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in dramatic arts.
Edochie made his Nollywood debut in 2005 with the film The Exquires, starring alongside Justus Esiri and Enebeli Elebuwa. His breakthrough came in 2007 after featuring alongside Genevieve Nnaji and Desmond Elliot in the film Wind Of Glory.
In 2015, Edochie established a film academy in Lagos.
In 2017, Edochie ran for governor of Anambra State and was the gubernatorial candidate for the Democratic Peoples Congress political party. Willie Obiano, who was seeking re-election, won a second term.
Edochie married May Aligwe at the age of 21 and has three sons and a daughter. On 27 April 2022, he revealed that he had married fellow actor Judy Austin, with whom he has two sons. His eldest son died on 30 March 2023 after having a seizure.
Abigail Marshall Katung

Abigail Wok Marshall Katung (born 7 December 1975) is a Nigerian-British politician and wife of the senator representing the Kaduna South senatorial district, Kaduna State, Nigeria, Sunday Marshall Katung. She was born and raised in Nigeria, but moved to the United Kingdom to study in the University of Leeds and as of January 2024 is a governor at the Leeds City College. In May 2024 she took up the position of Lord Mayor of Leeds, becoming the first elected councillor from Africa to hold the council position, the second black person after Eileen Taylor and the 130th of all.
In 2008, she founded the David Oluwale Memorial Association (DOMA) in memory of David Oluwale, a Nigerian migrant to the UK who arrived Leeds in 1949, but got drowned in River Aire in 1969 with two British police officers held responsible for his death. In November 1971, the prosecution of those police officers made it the first and only time any prosecution for the death of a black person would be successfully carried out against state officials. She is also a co-chair of DOMA.
In May 2019 following the Leeds City Council elections, Katung won in the polls to emerge the Little London and Woodhouse Ward representative.
As of 2020, she was a lead member for the BAME and a BAME staff network member champion in Leeds.
In 2022, she co-chaired Leeds City Council's official ‘Food Champion’ alongside the CEO of FareShare Yorkshire, Gareth Batty MBE FRSA. She was also present as a special guest at the Jordan Sinnott Memorial Award at St. Mary's, Meston.
After serving an initial term, she contested again and won the Little London and Woodhouse election in May 2023.
In January 2024, she was elected as the next Lord Mayor of Leeds under the Labour and Co-operative Party, succeeding Al Garthwaite. Her election is for the 2024/2025 term. Katung is the first elected African in the council of Leeds.
Katung is married to Nigerian lawyer and lawmaker, Sunday Marshall Katung. As of 2023, the couple have two 19 year-old twin sons whom she chose to bring up in Leeds.
Safiya Hussaini

Safiya Hussaini Tungar Tudu (born 1967) is a Nigerian woman condemned to death for adultery in 2002. She gave birth to a child as a single woman in Sokoto, a Nigerian state under Sharia law. She was sentenced to be stoned, but was acquitted of all charges in March 2002 after a retrial.
Hussaini was sentenced to death by stoning in October 2001 for allegedly having a child with a married neighbour. She had the child after her divorce. Hussaini claimed that she was the victim of repeated rape by a man, whom the Sharia court found not guilty due to lack of evidence. During the trial, Hussaini had no legal representation and was not informed of her legal rights. The Sokoto court dismissed her testimony and convicted her on 12 October 2001.
The verdict was widely condemned and international campaigns and petitions to release her were launched. Halima Abdullahi, director of Help Eliminate Loneliness and Poverty (HELP), a non-governmental organisation, also criticized the verdict. In a statement she said the verdict was a "thorough embarrassment” to the majority of Nigerian Muslims. The group argued that the judgment was wrong because Hussaini was accused of adultery instead of fornication, since she was a divorcee. Also, the four witnesses stipulated by the Islamic law were not available at the trial. Halima claimed that the verdict was passed because Hussaini came from an Underprivileged class. While describing the verdict as “gender discrimination of the highest order,” the group called on Governor Attahiru Bafarawa to intervene to save Hussaini's life.
Hussaini appealed, her lawyers arguing that Hussaini's former husband was the father of her one-year-old daughter Adama and that the village woman had made her original statement under duress. Further they argued that the alleged act of adultery had taken place before sharia law was implemented in the state. Full Sharia law was established in Sokoto in June 2000, a month after baby Adama was conceived. She was defended by Nigerian human rights lawyer Hauwa Ibrahim.
Hussaini also told the reporter Okorie Uguru that her pregnancy was the result of a rape.
Hussaini won her appeal on 25 March 2002 and the case was dismissed. The Appeal Court in Sokoto found that the death sentence, originally handed down by an Islamic Sharia court in October, had been baseless. The court ruled that the adultery provisions of Sokoto's Sharia law could not be used against Hussaini, as the alleged adultery must have taken place before the introduction of Sharia law in Sokoto moreover pregnancy as evidence was not enough.
Hussaini's plight was later recorded in the book, Safiya Hussaini Tungar Tudu: I, Safiya (2004).
18 years later, Hussaini said she'd forgiven her tormentors.
Aisha (2022 film)

Aisha is a 2022 Irish drama film written and directed by Frank Berry. The film stars Letitia Wright and Josh O'Connor.
Nigerian refugee Aisha Osagie develops a close friendship with former prisoner Conor Healy. Their friendship, however, soon looks to be short lived as Aisha's quest to be granted asylum in the Republic of Ireland comes under threat.
In March 2021, it was announced Letitia Wright and Josh O'Connor would star in the film Provision written and directed by Frank Berry. Principal photography began in April 2021. In June 2021, the film was renamed Aisha.
Aisha had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on 11 June 2022, and was screened at the BFI London Film Festival on 6 October 2022. The film was theatrically released in Ireland and the United Kingdom by Sky Cinema on 17 November 2022. It was released in the United States by Samuel Goldwyn Films on 10 May 2024.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 98% of 40 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's consensus reads: "Featuring outstanding performances from Letitia Wright and Josh O'Connor, Aisha is a sensitive and nuanced look at the immigrant experience." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 81 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".
Michael Nordine of Variety praises Wright for her performance, and the film for its naturalistic style, and concludes "The result isn't quite Kafka, but it's closer than it should be".
Kim Sajet

Kim Sajet is a Nigerian-born art historian, curator, and museum director. She has been the director of the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery since 2013, and is the first woman to serve in that role. During her tenure at the museum, she has worked to increase representation of women and minorities in the Portrait Gallery's collection.
Sajet was born in Nigeria and raised in Australia from the age of four; she is a citizen of the Netherlands. She has a doctorate in liberal studies from Georgetown University, a Master's degree in art history from Bryn Mawr College, a master's degree in business administration, and bachelor's degree in art history from University of Melbourne, and a graduate diploma in museum studies from Deakin University.
Starting on April 1, 2013, Sajet serves as director of the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery in Washington D.C. This role was following a stint as the president and CEO of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Prior to that role, she was a deputy director of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and spent time as a curator and director at two Australian art museums.
பாதமி

பாதமி (Badami, கன்னடம்: ಬಾದಾಮಿ, இந்தியாவின் கர்நாடக மாநிலத்தில் பாகல்கோட் மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள ஒரு வட்டாட்சியர் பிரிவு ஆகும். முன்னர் வாதாபி என அழைக்கப்பட்ட இவ்விடம் பொ.ஊ. 540க்கும் 757க்கும் இடையில் பாதமிச் சாளுக்கியரின் தலை நகரமாக இருந்தது. இப்பகுதி, பழங்காலக் பாதாமி குடைவரைக் கோவில்களுக்கு மிகவும் புகழ் பெற்றது. இது, அகத்தியர் ஏரியைச் சூழ்ந்து அமைந்துள்ள சிவப்பு மணற்கல் பாறைப்பொலிவுகளுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட குறுகிய பள்ளத்தாக்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது.
பொ.ஊ. 6ஆம் நூற்றாண்டுக்கும் 8 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டுக்கும் இடைப்பட்ட காலப்பகுதியில், இன்றைய கர்நாடகம், ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம் ஆகிய மாநிலங்களின் பெரும்பகுதியை ஆண்ட முற்காலச்சாளுக்கியரின் தலைநகரமாக பாதமி விளங்கியது. இது பொ.ஊ. 540 ஆம் ஆண்டில், சாளுக்கிய மன்னன் முதலாம் புலிகேசியால் நிறுவப்பட்டது. இம்மன்னனின் மக்களான கீர்த்திவர்மன், முதலாம் மங்களேசன் ஆகியோர் இங்குள்ள குடைவரைகளைக் கட்டுவித்தனர். இங்கிருந்து ஆண்ட சாளுக்கிய மன்னர்களில் மிகவும் புகழ் பெற்றவன் இரண்டாம் புலிகேசி ஆவான். இவன் பல மன்னர்களுடன் போரிட்டு அவர்களைத் தோற்கடித்தான். எனினும் பல்லவர்களது காஞ்சீபுரத்தை அவனால் கைப்பற்ற முடியவில்லை.
பாதமி குகைக் கோயில்கள் அல்லது குடைவரைகள் பொ.ஊ. ஆறாம் நூற்றாண்டுக்கும் எட்டாம் நூற்றாண்டுக்கும் இடையில் கட்டப்பட்டவை. இங்குள்ள நான்கு இத்தகைய கோயில்கள் சாளுக்கிய மன்னர்களுடைய சமயப் பொறையைக் காட்டும் எடுத்துக்காட்டுகளாக உள்ளன. முதலாம் குடைவரை சிவனுக்காக எடுக்கப்பட்ட கோயில். இரண்டாம், மூன்றாம் குடைவரைகள் விட்டுணு கோயில்கள். நான்காவது சமண சமயத்துக்கானது. இங்கே சமணத் தீர்த்தங்கரர்களுடைய புடைப்புச் சிற்பங்கள் கணப்படுகின்றன.
ஆழமான பாறைக் குடைவுகளில் செதுக்கபட்ட இந்துக் கடவுளரின் பல்வேறு அவதாரங்களைக் குறிக்கும் சிற்பங்கள் இப்பகுதியெங்கும் உள்ளன. கட்டிடக்கலை நோக்கில் பாதமியிலுள்ள கட்டிடங்கள் தென்னிந்தியக் கட்டிடக்கலையின் தொடக்ககாலப் பாணிக்கு எடுத்துக் காட்டாக விளங்குகின்றன.
இலக்குமணன் கோயில்

இலக்குமணன் கோயில் (Lakshmana Temple) சந்தேல வம்ச மன்னர் யசோதர்மனால் வைகுந்த விஷ்ணுவிற்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட மணற்கல் கோயிலாகும்.
இக்கோயில் இந்தியாவின் மத்தியப்பிரதேச மாநிலத்தின் சத்தர்பூர் மாவட்டத்தின் கஜுராஹோவின் மேற்கு தொகுப்பில் அமைந்த 12 கோயில்களில் ஒன்றாகும்.
இலக்குமணன் கோயில், இந்தியக் கட்டிடக்கலைகளில் ஒன்றான வட இந்திய பஞ்சயாதனக் கட்டிடக் கலைநயத்தில் கட்டப்பட்டது. இக்கோயில், உயர்ந்த ஒரே மேடையின் (ஜெகதி) மீது எழுப்பப்பட்டுள்ளது. இக்கோயிலில் அர்த்த மண்டபம், மண்டபம், மகாமண்டபம், அந்தராளம், கருவறை, முன்கூடம் (transept), பிரகாரம், சிலுவை வடிவில் குறுக்குக் கைப்பகுதி (புடைச்சிறை)களும், நான்கு மூலைகளில் நான்கு சிறு துணைக் கோயில்களும் கொண்டுள்ளது.
கோயில் மேல்மாடத்தின் சன்னல்கள், அழகிய சிறு தூண்களோடு கூடிய கைப்பிடிச் சுவர்களுடன் கட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது.இக்கோயில் சுவரில் இரண்டு வரிசைகளில் கடவுளர்கள், தேவதைகளின் சிற்பங்களும், சிற்றின்பத்தை விளக்கும் சிற்பங்களும் செதுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.
கோயில் கருவறையின் வாசல் படியில் ஏழு செங்குத்து கதவுகள் உள்ளது. அவற்றில் விஷ்ணுவின் அவதாரங்களை விளக்கும் சிற்பங்கள் கொண்டுள்ளது. உத்தரத்தில் நடுவில் இலக்குமியில் சிற்பமும், பிரம்மா மற்றும் விஷ்ணுவின் சிற்பங்களும் உள்ளது. கோயில் கருவறையில் நான்கு கைகள் கொண்ட விஷ்ணுவின் சிலை, வராக அவதாரம் மற்றும் நரசிம்ம அவதாரங்களை நினைவுப் படுத்தும் வகையில் நடுவில் மனித தலையுடனும், இருபுறங்களில் வராகம் மற்றும் சிங்கத் தலைகளுடன் உள்ளது.
காமசூத்திரக் கலையில் கூறியுள்ள பல சிற்றின்பச் செயல்களை விளக்கும் சிற்பங்கள் இக்கோயில் சுவர்களில் உள்ளது.
சேர் சா சூரியின் கல்லறை

சேர் சா சூரியின் கல்லறை (Tomb of Sher Shah Suri) என்பது இந்தியாவின் பீகார் மாநிலத்தின் சாசாராம் நகரில் உள்ளது. முகலாயப் பேரரசை தோற்கடித்து வட இந்தியாவில் சூர் பேரரசை நிறுவிய பீகாரைச் சேர்ந்த பஷ்தூன் பேரரசர் சேர் சா சூரி நினைவாக இந்த கல்லறை கட்டப்பட்டது. ரபி உல் அவ்வலின் 952 வருடத்தின் பத்தாவது நாளில், அல்லது பொ.ச. 1545 மே 13 அன்று கலிஞ்சர் கோட்டையில் தற்செயலான ஒரு குண்டு வெடிப்பில் சேர் சா சூரி இறந்தார்.
இந்தக் கல்லறை இந்திய-இசுலாமியக் கட்டிடக்கலைக்கு ஒரு எடுத்துக்காட்டாக திகழ்கிறது. இது கட்டிடக் கலைஞர் மிர் முகம்மது அலிவால் கான் என்பவரால் வடிவமைக்கப்பட்டு, 1540க்கும்ம் 1545க்கும் இடையில் கட்டப்பட்டது. கிட்டத்தட்ட சதுரமாக இருக்கும் ஒரு செயற்கை ஏரியின் நடுவில் நிற்கும் இந்த சிவப்பு மணற்கல் கல்லறை (122 அடி உயரம்) இந்தியாவின் இரண்டாவது தாஜ் மகால் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. கல்லறையைச் சுற்றியுள்ள ஏரி சுர் வம்சத்தால் ஆப்கானிஸ்தான் சுல்தான்களின் கட்டிடக்கலை வளர்ச்சியாகக் காணப்படுகிறது.
இந்த கல்லறை சேர் சாவின் வாழ்நாளிலும், அவரது மகன் இஸ்லாம் ஷாவின் ஆட்சியிலும் கட்டப்பட்டது. சேர் சா சூரியின் இறப்புக்கு மூன்று மாதங்களுக்குப் பிறகு, 1545 ஆகஸ்ட் 16 ஆம் தேதி நிறைவடைந்ததாக ஒரு ஒரு கல்வெட்டு பொறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
24°56′53″N 84°00′33″E﻿ / ﻿24.9481°N 84.0092°E﻿ / 24.9481; 84.0092
12-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு

கிபி 12ம் நூற்றாண்டு என்ற காலப்பகுதி கி.பி. 1101 தொடக்கம் கி.பி. 1200 வரையான காலப்பகுதியை குறிக்கிறது.