davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments

Harvard University's Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments (CHSI), established 1948, is "one of the three largest university collections of its kind in the world". Waywiser, the online catalog of the collection, lists over 60% of the collection's 20,000 objects as of 2014. The collection was originally curated by Mr. David P Wheatland in his office to prevent obsolete equipment from being cannibalized for its component parts and materials.
A selection of instruments and artifacts from the collection comprise the exhibition Time, Life, & Matter: Science in Cambridge. This permanent display can be found in the Putnam Gallery on the first floor of the Harvard Science Center, which is free and open to the public during regularly scheduled hours, Sunday through Friday. In addition, rotating collaborative exhibitions drawn in part from the collection are shown in the Special Exhibitions Gallery on the second floor, as well as the more modest Foyer Gallery on the third floor.
The physical facilities in the Science Center were expanded in 2004, by replacing a one-story wing of the building with a four-story "townhouse"-style structure with offices, classrooms, and a fully-glazed internal stairway. The new wing houses the Department of the History of Science as well as public display spaces for CHSI. The modifications to the Science Center (originally by Josep Lluís Sert) were designed by Leers Weinzapfel Associates of Boston.
The CHSI includes a number of scientific instruments and demonstration apparatus purchased circa 1765 under the advice of Benjamin Franklin, to replace original equipment which had been lost in a disastrous fire which also destroyed the university's library in the original Harvard Hall. This display includes apparatus for experimenting with electricity, as well as demonstrating the laws of physics as they were understood in the late 18th century.
Other highlights of the permanent exhibit include a fine assemblage of sundials (part of the largest private collection in North America), a geometrical compass designed by Galileo Galilei, and the control console from the former Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory.
One of the larger items in the collection is the Harvard Mark I, a historic room-sized electromechanical computer commissioned in 1944, which was exhibited next to the central stairwell in the main lobby of the Science Center, and has since been moved to the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
The collection continues to be expanded, under the guidance of David P. Wheatland Curator Sara J. Schechner. Originally a part of the Harvard Library system, the CHSI is now presented under the auspices of Harvard's Department of the History of Science, and is one of the four Harvard Museums of Science and Culture. The CHSI is also affiliated with the American Alliance of Museums.
A strategic plan has been developed to expand the CHSI's missions of preservation, education, research, and display, including expanded educational outreach and higher-profile public exhibitions.
List of superseded scientific theories

This list includes well-known general theories in science and pre-scientific natural philosophy and natural history that have since been superseded by other scientific theories. Many discarded explanations were once supported by a scientific consensus, but replaced after more empirical information became available that identified flaws and prompted new theories which better explain the available data. Pre-modern explanations originated before the scientific method, with varying degrees of empirical support.
Some scientific theories are discarded in their entirety, such as the replacement of the phlogiston theory by energy and thermodynamics. Some theories known to be incomplete or in some ways incorrect are still used. For example, Newtonian classical mechanics is accurate enough for practical calculations at everyday distances and velocities, and it is still taught in schools. The more complicated relativistic mechanics must be used for long distances and velocities nearing the speed of light, and quantum mechanics for very small distances and objects.
Some aspects of discarded theories are reused in modern explanations. For example, miasma theory proposed that all diseases were transmitted by "bad air". The modern germ theory of disease has found that diseases are caused by microorganisms, which can be transmitted by a variety of routes, including touching a contaminated object, blood, and contaminated water. Malaria was discovered to be a mosquito-borne disease, explaining why avoiding the "bad air" near swamps prevented it. Increasing ventilation of fresh air, one of the remedies proposed by miasma theory, does remain useful in some circumstances to expel germs spread by airborne transmission, such as SARS-CoV-2.
Some theories originate in, or are perpetuated by, pseudoscience, which claims to be both scientific and factual, but fails to follow the scientific method. Scientific theories are testable and make falsifiable predictions. Thus, it can be a mark of good science if a discipline has a growing list of superseded theories, and conversely, a lack of superseded theories can indicate problems in following the use of the scientific method. Fringe science includes theories that are not currently supported by a consensus in the mainstream scientific community, either because they never had sufficient empirical support, because they were previously mainstream but later disproven, or because they are preliminary theories also known as protoscience which go on to become mainstream after empirical confirmation. Some theories, such as Lysenkoism, race science or female hysteria have been generated for political rather than empirical reasons and promoted by force.
These theories that are no longer considered the most complete representation of reality but remain useful in particular domains or under certain conditions. For some theories, a more complete model is known, but for practical use, the coarser approximation provides good results with much less calculation.
20th Century Technology Museum

The 20th Century Technology Museum is located in Wharton, Texas, United States, and displays examples of technology from the 20th century. The museum is a non-profit organization and opened its gallery in July 2005 on the first floor of the former Wharton County Jail, which was constructed in 1888.
The museum's collection consists mostly of smaller items, such as radios, but also has a few experimental aircraft, including an ornithopter and a Rutan VariEze, which is displayed in front of the museum. Many items on display in the museum are in working condition and may either be demonstrated to visitors or available for hands-on operation (including most of the arcade games on display).
Major displays in the museum include:
29°18′33.5″N 96°06′01.4″W﻿ / ﻿29.309306°N 96.100389°W﻿ / 29.309306; -96.100389
List of engineering awards

This list of engineering awards is an index to articles about notable awards for achievements in engineering. It includes aerospace engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering, structural engineering and systems science awards. It excludes computer-related awards, computer science awards, industrial design awards, mechanical engineering awards, motor vehicle awards, occupational health and safety awards and space technology awards, which are covered by separate lists.
The list is organized by the region and country of the organizations that sponsor the awards, but some awards are not limited to people from that country.
Almudena Suarez

Almudena Suarez is a spanish academic known for her contributions to the field of electrical engineering. She currently holds the position of Full Professor at the University of Cantabria (Spanish: Universidad de Cantabria) in Santander, Cantabria, Spain. Since 2012, she is an IEEE Fellow for her work on stability concepts to the computer-aided design of nonlinear microwave circuits.
She obtained a Ph.D. in Science from the University of Cantabria in 1992 and a Ph.D. in Electronics from the University of Limoges, France, in 1993, with the distinction "Très honorable avec félicitations du jury".
Prof. Suárez was elevated to the grade of Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012. This elevation to the Fellow grade was bestowed upon her in acknowledgment of her contributions to the advancement of stability concepts in the computer-aided design of nonlinear microwave circuits.
Suárez was an IEEE Distinguished Microwave Lecturer of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) during 2006-2008. In 2004–2005 she was an invited visitor professor in California Institute of Technology financed by Lee Center for Advanced Networking.
In October 2022, she was appointed as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal ''IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques''.
She was the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies from Cambridge University Press from 2013 to 2018. She was a member of the Board of Directors of European Microwave Association (EuMA) from 2012 to 2020, and Chair of the Publications Committee from 2021 to 2023.
Victor Hugo Quintana

Victor Hugo Quintana (born November 25, 1936) is a retired distinguished professor emeritus from the University of Waterloo.
Victor Hugo Quintana graduated from the Federico Santa María Technical University in 1959 with Dipl. Ing. degree. He graduated from the Electrical Engineering program at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, in 1965 with a M.Sc. degree where he developed the Y-Transform. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1970 with a Ph.D. degree focused on numerical methods for solving optimal control problems.
He was on faculty with the University of Waterloo, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, from 1973 until 2002 and was part of the Power and Energy Systems Group.
His research interests focused on numerical optimization techniques, state estimation, control theory, power transmission lines, economics markets, and de-regulated power systems. He has published over 100 scientific journal papers and has over 3,200 citations. He has given invited lectures and short courses in Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, Spain, and the United States of America.
Quintana was elected by the Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) as a Fellow on January 1, 2001, for his research contributions to power system optimization techniques and power engineering education. He was recognized as a “distinguished professor emeritus” by the University of Waterloo on June 17, 2011.
Quintana was in Temuco, Chile, and raised in Pucon, Chile, located in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region. He married Mone Quintana in Santiago, Chile, in 1960. They had two sons.
Technology museum

A technology museum is a museum devoted to applied science and technological developments. Many museums are both a science museum and a technology museum, and incorporate elements of both museum genres. The goal of technology museums is to educate the public on the history of technology, and to preserve technological heritage. They also may aim to promote local pride in technological and industrial developments, such as the manufacturing materials on display at the Newcastle Discovery Museum. Some technology museums may simply want to display technological items, while others may want to use them to demonstrate how they function.
Some of the most historically significant technology museums are:
Further technology museums in Germany include the Deutsches Technikmuseum in Berlin-Kreuzberg, the Technoseum in Mannheim, the Technik Museum Speyer, the Technik Museum Sinsheim and the Technikmuseum Magdeburg [de]. The most prestigious of its kind in Austria is the Technisches Museum in Vienna.
Many other independent museums, such as transport museums, cover certain technical genres, processes or industries, for example mining, chemistry, metrology, musical instruments, ceramics or paper. Despite concentration on other fields, if there is extensive information on the technologies related to these subjects, the museum could be considered a technology museum. For example, elements of a technology museum could be incorporated with a marine science museum, a military museum, or an industrial museum. Semi-technology-focused museums typically “reflect some of the variety of applications of technology and present it within interestingly different contexts”.
In some examples of this type of museum, the actual building is incorporated into the exhibition. A museum on mining technology may be housed inside a mining or colliery site, and a museum focusing on industrial technology might be inside a warehouse or former factory. Many naval and maritime museums follow this trend, such as the Patriots Point Naval and Maritime Museum in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. The objects inside this museum are displayed inside the USS Yorktown – an aircraft carrier – and the USS Laffey—a destroyer. By housing exhibits inside relevant buildings and other structures, museums can display technology that supports their concentrations.
Amphicat

The Amphicat (known in Spain as Artés Gato Montés) is a six-wheel-drive, skid steer amphibious all-terrain vehicle, one of whose developers was Spanish inventor and businessman José Artés de Arcos, whose company produced the model in Spain. Manufactured in the late 1960s through the early 1970s by Mobility Unlimited Inc. of Auburn Hills, Michigan, the product line was purchased by Magna American (a division of "Magna Corporation", unrelated to Magna International) which produced the vehicle in Raymond, Mississippi for several years. The vehicle was also made in Canada by Behoo Industries and differed slightly from its American counterpart, mostly on the transom.
The Canadian version of the Amphicat was featured as the Moon buggy used by Moonbase Alpha personnel in the television series Space: 1999 and the US version as the Banana Splits' cars in the TV show The Banana Splits. It also appeared in the TV series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp and in an episode of Blake's 7.
Walter Bruch

Walter Bruch (2 March 1908 – 5 May 1990) was a German electrical engineer and pioneer of German television. He was the inventor of closed-circuit television. He invented the PAL colour television system at Telefunken in the early 1960s. In addition to his research activities Walter Bruch was an honorary lecturer at Technische Hochschule Hannover. He was awarded the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1975.
He was born in Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the German Empire. At his father's request he attended a business school, but then trained as a machinist apprenticeship in a shoe factory. From 1928 he attended the university of applied science Hochschule Mittweida in Saxony. After that, he was a guest student at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin), where he met Manfred von Ardenne and the Hungarian inventor Dénes von Mihály.
From the early 1930s Bruch was involved in the development of television technology: in 1933 he presented a "people's television receiver" with a self-built telecine. In 1935 he started work as a technician in the Television and Physics research Department of Telefunken which was headed by Professor Fritz Schröter [de] and where Emil Mechau [de] developed a special television camera for the 1936 Summer Olympics. The Summer Olympic Games of 1936 in Berlin became a milestone for audiovisual technology and Bruch was able to field test the first Iconoscope camera, developed by Emil Mechau based on a tube by Walter Heimann [de]. One year later, at the Paris International Exposition, he introduced an iconoscope television unit that he had designed. During World War II he operated a closed-circuit television system installed at the Peenemünde launch site, so that the V-2 rocket launches could be watched at a safe distance from a bunker.
In 1950, Telefunken commissioned him to develop the first post-war television receivers. Some time later, he returned to physics research and later colour television. He studied and thoroughly tested the American NTSC system and what would later become the French SECAM system. His work led him and co-workers like Gerhard Mahler [de] and Dr. Kruse to devise a new colour television system that automatically corrected for the differential phase distortion that can occur along the transmission channel.
On 3 January 1963, he gave the first public presentation of the Phase Alternation Line System to a group of experts from the European Broadcasting Union in Hannover. This is considered to be the date of birth of the PAL-Telefunken system, which was later adopted by more than thirty countries (at present, more than one hundred). When interviewed by German talk show host Hans Rosenthal on why he had named it the "PAL system", Bruch replied that certainly no German would want to have a "Bruch-System" had his family name been used as the eponym; Bruch in German is synonymous with "broken".
He received the David Sarnoff Medal from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers in 1971 and the Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation in 1981. He died in Hanover, aged 82.
Vittoria Ceretti

Vittoria Ceretti (nascida em 7 de junho de 1998) é uma supermodelo italiana. Ceretti foi descoberta aos 14 anos.
Ceretti estreou na passarela da cidade italiana de Milão, para a estilista Kristina Ti. Desde então, ela modelou para Max Mara, Chloé, Paco Rabanne, Alexander McQueen, DKNY, Lanvin, Ralph Lauren, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu, Celine, Loewe, Jacquemus, Salvatore Ferragamo, Anna Sui, Hugo Boss, Dolce & Gabbana, Armani, Prada, Proenza Schouler, JW Anderson, Moschino, Fendi, Valentino, Roberto Cavalli, Versace, Missoni, Louis Vuitton, Burberry, Chanel, Christian Dior, Miu Miu, Givenchy, Alberta Ferretti, Marc Jacobs, Michael Kors, Bottega Veneta, Tom Ford, Tommy Hilfiger, Versace e Yves Saint Laurent.
Segundo a Vogue Italia, Vittoria Ceretti foi a modelo mais procurada de 2018 em seu site.
Vittoria é atualmente classificada como um "ícone da indústria" pelo site models.com.
Em entrevista à Vogue Paris, Ceretti mencionou que teria estudado atuação ou psicologia se não tivesse começado a carreira de modelo.
Ela se casou com Matteo Milleri, um DJ italiano, em 1º de junho de 2020, em Ibiza, Espanha.
. Desde 2023, a modelo está em um relacionamento com o ator Leonardo DiCaprio,
7 Up

O 7 Up ou Seven Up é uma marca de refrigerante pertencente à PepsiCo e a “Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc”. (somente nos Estados Unidos).
O refrigerante 7 Up nasceu em St. Louis, nos Estados Unidos em 1929. Criado por Charles Leiper Grigg, após ter passado dois anos testando fórmulas diferentes na busca por uma bebida refrescante.
Originalmente chamada de "Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda", a marca de refrigerante “7 Up” nasceu em 1929 pelas mãos de Charles Leiper Grigg, que comercializava como um medicamento para “curar ressaca”.
Aos pouco, com o sucesso da "Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda", o nome acabou sendo trocado para um de apelo mais comercialmente expressivo.
Em 1933, passou a ser chamada de “7 Up”.
Até o final da década de 1940, o refrigerante tornou-se a terceira marca mais consumida no mundo.
Em 1986, a marca foi vendida parcialmente para a PepsiCo, que distribui para a América Latina.
Em 1988, a empresa foi vendida para a Cadbury Schweppes, que fabrica o refrigerante Dr Pepper.
Em 1991, foi a patrocinadora da equipe Jordan na temporada de Formula 1.
No Brasil, o refrigerante foi lançado em 1995, com uma divulgação realizada através de campanhas publicitárias e patrocínio ao esporte, como o realizado com o time Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas.
No final de 1997, deixou de ser fabricado e distribuído no Brasil, em virtude da baixa receptividade e consequente queda nas vendas em relação às concorrentes, relançando a Teem, especificamente no Rio Grande do Sul.
Em 2003, a “Seven Up” (7 Up), também pertencente ao catálogo da PepsiCo, estava em processo de reestruturação da formula para a produção de um novo produto em virtude da expressiva queda nas vendas registradas na Argentina. Foi então que, surgiu a partir de pesquisas com base na fórmula original do refrigerante “Seven Up” uma nova bebida que utilizava quantidades menores de gás, comparando-se aos refrigerantes tradicionais, sem adição de açúcar e corantes em sua composição, mas, com o sabor de limão do refrigerante “Seven Up”, também em doses menores, sendo chamado posteriormente de H2OH!.
Em 2004 é lançado em Portugal o 7 Up Ice, com sabor de menta.
No ano de 2007 a Cadbury Schweppes, anuncia a separação de sua unidade americana de bebidas. É mencionado pelo cantor e compositor italiano Francesco Guccini no início da música Autogrill em 1983.
Dieta sem glúten

A dieta sem glúten é uma dieta que exclui o glúten, uma mistura de proteínas que se encontram naturalmente no endosperma da semente de cereais da família das gramíneas (Poaceae), subfamília Pooideae, principalmente das espécies da tribo Triticeae, como o trigo, a cevada, e o centeio, incluindo todas as suas espécies e híbridos (como a espelta, o trigo de Khorasan e o triticale). A inclusão da aveia na dieta sem glúten é controversa. A avenina, proteína presente na aveia, também pode ser tóxica para portadores da doença celíaca. Sua toxicidade depende do cultivar consumido. Além disso, geralmente há contaminação cruzada da aveia com cereais que contêm glúten.
O glúten é capaz de causar problemas de saúde em portadores de doenças relacionadas ao glúten, que incluem a doença celíaca, a sensibilidade ao glúten não-celíaca, a ataxia por glúten, a dermatite herpetiforme e a alergia ao trigo. Nesses pacientes, a dieta sem glúten tem se demonstrado um tratamento efetivo. Além disso, pelo menos em alguns casos, a dieta sem glúten pode melhorar os sintomas gastrointestinais e/ou sistêmicos em outras doenças, como na síndrome do intestino irritável, artrite reumatoide, esclerose múltipla ou enteropatia do HIV, entre outras.
As proteínas do glúten apresentam um baixo valor nutricional e biológico e os grãos que contêm glúten não são essenciais para os seres humanos. Porém, uma seleção desbalanceada de alimentos e uma escolha incorreta de produtos sem glúten na alimentação podem levar a deficiências nutricionais. A substituição de cereais contendo glúten por farinhas sem glúten em produtos comerciais tradicionalmente produzidos com trigo ou outros cereais contendo glúten pode levar a uma menor ingestão de alguns nutrientes, como ferro e vitaminas do complexo B. Alguns produtos sem glúten vendidos no mercado não são enriquecidos/fortificados como os alimentos similares com glúten e, frequentemente, apresentam maior teor de lipídios e carboidratos. As complicações nutricionais podem ser prevenidas por uma correta educação dietética.
Uma dieta sem glúten deve ser baseada, naturalmente, em alimentos sem glúten com um bom equilíbrio de micro e macronutrientes. Carne, peixe, ovos, legumes, castanhas, frutas, vegetais, batatas, arroz e mandioca são todos apropriados. Se produtos sem glúten comercialmente preparados forem utilizados, é preferível que se escolham formas enriquecidas ou fortificadas com vitaminas e minerais. Além disso, uma alternativa saudável a esses produtos são os pseudocereais (como a quinoa, o amaranto e o trigo sarraceno) e outros cereais menores, que têm um alto valor nutricional e biológico.
Apesar de serem altamente recomendadas para celíacos, as dietas sem glúten têm sido alvo de estudos. Uma recente pesquisa descobriu que pessoas que adotaram dieta glúten free possuíam níveis mais elevados de mercúrio e arsênico decorrente da contaminação dos campos de produção de arroz (principal substituto do glúten).
Urso-negro

O urso-negro (Ursus americanus), também conhecido como baribal, é um urso norte-americano, encontrado do Alasca ao Norte do México. Alcança 2,20 m de comprimento, 1,10 m de altura na cernelha e 360 kg de peso. O urso negro geralmente vive cerca de 15 anos, mas alguns podem alcançar até 40 anos. É um bom nadador e pode correr a até 50 km/h. Sua pelagem pode ser de cor negra, marrom, bege ou branca. Algumas subespécies estão ameaçadas de extinção.
A aparência do urso-negro é a de um animal grande e feroz, no entanto, 70% de sua dieta consiste de material vegetal - frutos, nozes, gramíneas, raízes e seiva de árvores. Também se alimenta de carne, geralmente de pequenos mamíferos e peixes, raramente se alimenta de grandes animais. Gosta de vasculhar os depósitos de resíduos do homem.
Desde pequeno, o urso-negro tem grande habilidade para subir em árvores e montanhas. É principalmente um habitante da floresta, mas sua pelagem espessa permitiu que se dispersasse para o norte até os limites da tundra. No inverno, hiberna em uma toca, geralmente um oco sob uma árvore caída, dentro de um tronco toco ou em uma toca abandonada.
O urso-negro costuma se alimentar com frutos silvestres no outono, a fim de acumular gordura para hibernar. Logo ele procura um abrigo adequado à hibernação, durante a qual a temperatura do corpo, os batimentos cardíacos e a taxa respiratória diminuem para poupar energia.
Grapefruit diet

The Grapefruit diet (also known as the Hollywood diet and the 18-Day diet) is a short-term fad diet that has existed in the United States since at least the 1930s. There are variations on the diet, although it generally consists of eating one grapefruit at each meal, along with meat, eggs, other foods that are rich in fat and protein, and certain vegetables. Sugar, fruits (other than grapefruit), sweet vegetables, grains and starchy vegetables are to be avoided. The grapefruit diet is thus a low-carbohydrate diet. A typical breakfast menu usually includes bacon and eggs. The diet is based on the claim that grapefruit has a fat-burning enzyme or similar property. The grapefruit diet does not require exercise. The grapefruit diet lasts for 10 to 12 days followed by 2 days off.
The grapefruit diet originated in the 1930s. initially, it was referred to as the "eighteen-day diet" in 1929 , consisting of grapefruit, orange, toast, vegetable and egg combinations for 18 days, totaling approximately 500 kilocalories (2,100 kJ). The originator of the diet is not known. One rumour traces the diet to actress Ethel Barrymore, who is alleged to have paid William James Mayo and his brother 500 dollars (equivalent to $9,000 in 2024) to create a special diet for her. The diet then became a fad in Hollywood and spread throughout America. The Mayo Clinic has disavowed the grapefruit diet.
Novelist Fannie Hurst was a notable devotee of the diet. It was re-popularized in the 1980s and nicknamed the "10-day, 10-pounds-off diet". The idea that grapefruit eaten before a meal acts as a "catalyst" to burn body fat has no evidence from biochemistry.
The diet was criticized as early as 1935. Carl Malmberg commented that it lacks in all the necessary minerals (calcium, phosphorus and iron) and in vitamin A. He noted that many people became ill on the diet and "casualties" were heavy around Hollywood. In 1936, Lewis Wolberg described the diet as "nonsensical, irrational and even dangerous".
The variations of the grapefruit diet that are too low in calories (below 800–1,000 calories a day), too low in carbohydrates, or too low in essential micronutrients are considered unhealthy and potentially dangerous. While eating half a grapefruit with every meal may be a good way to incorporate more fruit in the diet of a healthy person, grapefruit and grapefruit juice is harmful if the dieter is allergic to citrus, or is taking medicines that can interact with grapefruit juice. This diet will not be beneficial to anyone when followed long-term, as the extremely low calorie intake could lead to malnutrition and many health problems.
The Astounding Wolf-Man

The Astounding Wolf-Man is a superhero comic book series launched by American company Image Comics on May 5, 2007. It ran until its final 25th issue in 2010. A spin-off of Robert Kirkman's Invincible, the series was created and written by Kirkman with art by Jason Howard. The first issue of The Astounding Wolf-Man was given away for free as part of Free Comic Book Day. A "director's cut" edition of the first issue was released in the same date as the second issue.
The story is that of Gary Hampton, a wealthy CEO of a record company who is mauled by a werewolf while on a family vacation. The story revolves around Gary's efforts to control his animalistic instincts and use his powers for good and to be a superhero, despite being plagued by a curse.
Robert Kirkman ended The Astounding Wolf-Man in 2010 with the story arc "Legacy". Although Wolf-Man's own series was concluded and all loose ends tied up, Kirkman pointed out that characters from Wolf-Man's universe would still crossover into his other characters' lives as they inhabit the same universe; Wolf-Man himself appeared in the Invincible series several times, notably in a two-part storyline (Invincible Universe #8–9) sent as part of an extraction squad consisting of Popper, Mantis, Best Tiger, and Claire Voyant to capture a Brazilian super-criminal known as Redeye. Wolf-Man is momentarily distracted by the presence of Davi, Redeye's ward, and captured. Weakened due to his injuries and lack of moonlight, Wolf-Man seems to confuse Davi with Chloe. Davi aids Wolf-Man's escape as Best Tiger destroys Redeye's prison. As the prisoners and townspeople, left bloodthirsty following Redeye's depowerment, Wolf-Man, still weak, is unable to stop the riot and becomes separated from Davi. Fearing he has again failed to save a child, Wolf-Man returns to the base unaware that Davi has escaped harm and now possesses Redeye's powers.
The series is being collected into trade paperbacks:
Brazilian cruzeiro real

The cruzeiro real ( C R S ‖ {\displaystyle \mathrm {CRS} \!\!\!\Vert } , plural: cruzeiros reais) was the short-lived currency of Brazil between August 1, 1993, and June 30, 1994. It was subdivided in 100 centavos; however, this subunit was used only for accounting purposes, and coins and banknotes worth 10 to 500 of the preceding cruzeiro remained valid and were used for the purpose of corresponding to centavos of the cruzeiro real, especially when the redenomination was carried out. The currency had the ISO 4217 code BRR.
This redenomination, at the beginning of the second half of 1993, was made with the objective of facilitating the accounting of day-to-day activities, which in the previous unit implied the placement of several zeros that made it difficult to record values in calculators and machines.
The cruzeiro real was replaced with the current Brazilian real as part of the Plano Real.
The cruzeiro real replaced the third cruzeiro, with 1,000 cruzeiros = 1 cruzeiro real. The cruzeiro real was replaced in circulation by the real at a rate of 1 real for 2,750 cruzeiros reais. Before this occurred, the unidade real de valor (pegged to the U.S. dollar at parity) was used in pricing, to allow the population to become accustomed to a stable currency (after many years of high inflation) before the real was introduced.
Standard circulation stainless-steel coins were issued in 1993 and 1994 in denominations of 5, 10, 50 and 100 cruzeiros reais. The reverse of the coins portrayed iconic animals of the Brazilian fauna. Coins worth 10 or more of the previous cruzeiro were retained to correspond to smaller denominations, such as the 1,000-cruzeiro coin for a single cruzeiro real, but became scarce by the end of 1993.
No commemorative coins were issued for the Cruzeiro Real.
The macaw and jaguar were represented again in the Real's R$10 and R$50 bills, respectively, after their introduction in 1994, and the maned wolf was later portrayed in the R$200 bill since its introduction in late 2020.
In 1993, provisional banknotes were introduced in the form of cruzeiro notes overprinted in the new currency. These were in denominations of 50, 100 and 500 cruzeiros reais. Regular notes followed in denominations of 1,000, 5,000 and 50,000 cruzeiros reais. The 10,000 cruzeiros reais banknote was designed and scheduled to be put into circulation in the first months of 1994, but inflation and the impending release of a new economic plan put its release on hold and only the 50,000 Cruzeiro real banknote was released.
Forager (character)

Forager is a character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Jack Kirby, he first appeared in New Gods #9 (August 1972). Forager is depicted as an insectoid alien from New Genesis who is subjected to prejudice from the planet's other inhabitants, the New Gods. He was killed during the Cosmic Odyssey event in 1988, but resurrected years later in Bug! The Adventures of Forager, which was published as part of the "DC's Young Animal" imprint in 2017.
Forager has appeared in various media outside comics. He made a guest appearance in Justice League, voiced by Corey Burton, and appeared as a recurring character in Young Justice, voiced by Jason Spisak.
The original Forager first appeared in New Gods #9 (August 1972) and was created by Jack Kirby. A female version of the character debuted in New Gods (vol. 3) #2 (March 1989).
Forager is a member of a humanoid insect species from New Genesis. Considered to be below the New Gods, the bugs form a lower class on New Genesis and are sometimes the target of prejudice.
Despite this, Forager becomes an ally of the New Gods and helps them battle Darkseid. In Cosmic Odyssey, he is killed saving Batman and preventing the Anti-Life Equation from destroying Earth.
Forager appears in the 2017 miniseries Bug! The Adventures of Forager, published as part of DC's Young Animal imprint.
A female Bug is chosen to succeed Forager following his death. In Countdown to Final Crisis, Forager works with Jimmy Olsen in an attempt to stop Infinity-Man from killing the New Gods. In the final issue, she joins forces with Donna Troy, Atom, and Kyle Rayner to protect the multiverse.
Forager possesses similar abilities to the New Gods, including superhuman strength, endurance, speed and reflexes. Forager's incredible strength allows him to face much bigger enemies, jumping several meters high easily and running to great speed without fatigue. Forager is extremely long-lived and immune to diseases. Also, he is an accomplished fighter, hardened by the bugs' harsh life of hunting and survival. In addition to his natural abilities, Forager carries a variety of tools including a shield, adhesive pads on his gloves and boots that allow him to stick or climb walls and surfaces, and acidic pods.
Forager appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.
Pakaian Adat Jawa Timur

Pakaian adat resmi Jawa Timur adalah pakaian kerakyatan yang digunakan masyarakat Jawa Timur. bagi pria terdiri ikat kepala kaos bergaris dengan setelan luar dan celana warna hitam, sedangkan perempuan kebaya dengan sewek batik dibawah lutut. Pakaian adat Jawa timur ini mengadopsi dari suku Madura dan sub suku Panaraga. [1]
Meski terlihat sama, akan tetapi pakaian kedua suku ini berbeda. Pakaian adat Madura digunakan masyarakat Madura yang berada di pulau Madura dan masyarakat Pendalungan di kawasan Tapal kuda Jawa, sedangkan pakaian adat suku Panaraga digunakan oleh masyarakat Panaraga yang berada di Kareidenan Madiun, Kerasidenan Kediri dan Kerasidenan Surakarta dan Tapal Kuda.[2]
meskipun demikian, masing-masing suku memiliki pakaian bangsawan tersendiri. Akan tetapi dalam konteks pakaian adat jawa timur yang ditetapkan adalah pakaian kerakyatan yang digunakan oleh 2 komunitas kebudayaan yang besar di Jawa Timur yakni suku Madura dan Sub Suku Panaraga, meskipun terdapat komunitas kebudayaan lainnya seperti sub suku Arekan, Osing, Mataraman, Tengger, Bawean dan Samin.[3]
Pakaian Pria
Pakaian Perempuan
Sedangkan untuk pakaian adat resmi perempuan Panaraga, selama beberapa dekade mengalami perubahan seperti mengenakan kebaya lurik, kebaya warna kuning, hijau hingga pink magenta yang kurang matching dan cocok dengan setelan adat pria, Penadon. Sehingga Anas Arrosyid Hanafi berasal Plalangan yang merupakan seniman Reog di Gresik juga sebagai pengurus Parogo, Paguyuban Reyog Ponorogo membuat beberapa desain pakaian untuk perempuan sebagai pendamping penadon pria, karena banyak senimanwati reog mengenakan Penadon pria saat kegiatan seni Reog. kemudian tahun 2018 akhir, salah satu desain tersebut dijahit oleh Wenas Sudirman Paju, seorang seniman Reog Jathil Lanang yang juga pengurus Parogo, sehingga kebaya Penadon adat Panaraga tercipta yang kemudian digunakan berbagai acara Parogo.[4]
Pada tahun 2023 PKK Ponorogo membuat lomba pakaian pendamping penadon, kemudian ditetapkanlah sebagai pakaian adat Panaraga yang digunakan kegiatan resmi pemerintah Ponorogo.[5]
Dalam budaya Modern, Penadon tampak pada berbagai film bernuansa Ponorogo seperti Warok Singo Kobra, Suromenggolo.
Pakaian Pria
Pakaian Perempuan
Pada umumnya pakaian adat madura lebih dikenal dengan pakaian Sakera dan Marlena, merujuk pada tokoh keturunan Madura di tapal kuda.[6]
Pegon (upacara adat)

Pegon (ꦥꦺꦒꦺꦴꦤ꧀) alias manten pegon (ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦥꦺꦒꦺꦴꦤ꧀) adalah sebuah tradisi upacara atau prosesi pernikahan khas adat Jawa Surabaya. Tradisi ini begitu identik dengan karakteristik masyarakat Surabaya yang multikultural dan terbuka.
شملہ مرچ

شملہ مرچ (Capsicum) ایک مفید سبزی ہے۔ اس کے پودے کے خاندان کا حیاتیاتی نام Solanaceae ہے۔ اس کی کئی اقسام ہیں۔ جن کا رنگ عموماً سبز، زرد، بنفشی اور سرخ ہوتا ہے۔ اس کا آبائی وطن میکسیکو اور چلی ہے جہاں اسے تین ہزار سال سے زیادہ عرصہ سے کاشت کیا جا رہا ہے۔
مرچ
گاجر

گاجر (انگریزی: Carrot) ایک جڑ سبزی ہے۔ یہ عام طور پر نارنجی رنگ کی ہوتی ہے تاہم ارغوانی، سیاہ، سرخ، سفید اور پیلے رنگ کی اقسام بھی موجود ہیں۔ یہ یورپ اور مغربی ایشیا کی مقامی جنگلی گاجر کی قسم سے گھریلو کاشتکاری میں آئی۔ پودے کا آغاز غالبا فارس میں ہوا تھا اور اسے دراصل اس کے پتوں اور بیج کے لیے کاشت کیا جاتا تھا۔
ایلیسا اینڈ مارسیلا

ایلیسا اینڈ مارسیلا (انگریزی: Elisa & Marcela) (ہسپانوی: Elisa y Marcela) ایک 2019ء کی ہسپانوی سوانح حیات پر مبنی رومانوی ڈراما فلم ہے جس کی ہدایت کاری ازابیل کوکسیٹ نے کی ہے۔ نتالیہ ڈی مولینا اور گریٹا فرنانڈیز نے اداکاری کی، یہ پلاٹ ایلیسا سانچیز لوریگا اور مارسیلا گریشیا ایبیس کی کہانی سے متعلق ہے، دو خواتین جنھوں نے 1901ء میں لا کورونا کے چرچ آف سینٹ جارج میں شادی کرنے کے لیے ایک ہم جنس پرست جوڑے کے طور پر پیش کیا تھا۔
ارجنٹائن کے صوبہ چوبوت میں نوجوان عورت مارسیلا کے گھر کا سفر کرتی ہے۔ کھانے کے بعد، مارسیلا 27 سال پہلے کی اپنی کہانی سنانا شروع کرتی ہے۔ وہ سال 1898ء تھا۔ مارسیلا نے لا کورونا کے ایک کیتھولک اسکول میں تعلیم حاصل کی، جہاں اس کی ملاقات ایک بڑی طالبہ ایلیسا سے ہوئی۔ دونوں میں جلدی دوستی ہو گئی۔ دونوں لڑکیوں نے ایک دن ساحل سمندر پر گزارا، جہاں ایلیسا نے کہا کہ یہ ان کی زندگی کا سب سے خوشگوار دن تھا۔ مارسیلا کے روایتی والد کو دو لڑکیوں کے تعلقات پر شبہ ہونے لگا اور اس نے مارسیلا کو میڈرڈ میں بورڈنگ اسکول بھیج دیا۔ فاصلے نے ان کے تعلقات کو روکا نہیں اور انھوں نے اپنے وقت کے دوران خطوط لکھے۔ تین سال بعد وہ دونوں کووسو، گالیسیا میں استاد تھے یں، جہاں انھوں نے ایک ساتھ رہنا شروع کیا۔ تاہم گاؤں والوں کو شک ہو گیا اور انھوں نے ایلیسا پر حملہ کر دیا۔ انھوں نے فرار کا منصوبہ بنایا۔ ایلیسا کچھ دنوں کے لیے چلی گئی اور اپنے مردہ کزن ماریو کی شناخت لے کر مرد کے لباس میں واپس آئی۔ اس دوران، مارسیلا نے خود کو مقامی لکڑی کاٹنے والے اینڈریس سے رنگین کر لیا۔ مارسیلا اور "ماریو" کی شادی مقامی پادری نے کی تھی۔ دیہاتی تیزی سے پرتشدد ہوتے گئے اور ایک ہجوم نے ان کے گھر پر حملہ کر دیا۔
انقردیا

انقردیا (انگریزی: Anacardium) رومی زبان کا لفظ ہے۔ جس کے معنی ’’شبیہ قلب‘‘ کے ہیں۔ چونکہ بلا در صنوبری یعنی دِل کی شکل کا ہوتا ہے اور وہ اِس کی ترکیب میں داخل ہے، اِس لیے اِس کو انقردیا کہا گیا ہے۔ متاخرین کی بعض کتابوں میں انقرویا ’’واو‘‘ سے لکھا گیا ہے جو صحیح نہیں ہے۔اِس مرکب کا موجد بقراط ہے۔
بلادر (بھلانواں) انگریزی (Marking Nuts)، لاطینی میں (Semicarpus Anacardium) خاندان۔ (Anaca.Radiacaea) عربی میں حب الفہم یا حب القلب ، فارسی میں بلادر، ہندی میں بھلانواں ،بنگالی میں بھیلایا بھیلوا، مرہٹی میں بیلبا، گجراتی میں بھلاماں ۔ سنسکرت میں بھلاتک انگریزی میں مارکنگ نٹ ٹیری اور رومی میں انقردیا کہتے ہیں۔
انقردیا کا درخت عموماً بیس سے چالیس فٹ تک اونچا ہوتا ہے۔اور خوبصورت بھی ہوتا ہے۔اس کے تنے کو گولائی چار سے چھ فٹ تک ہوتی ہے۔ اس درخت کی چھال کا رنگ سیاہی مائل نیلگوں دھوئیں کے رنگ کی طرح ہوتا ہے۔ اس کی لکڑی سفیدسرخی مائل یا سرخ ہوتی ہے۔ چھال ایک انچ کے قریب موٹی ہوتی ہے۔ ان کے اوپر کی طرف بہت سی رگیں عموماً بیس سے تیس دائیں بائیں انچ لمبے ہوتے ہیں۔جن کے درمیانی سرے آپس میں ملے ہوئے ہوتے ہیں۔ پتوں کی زیریں سطح پر روئیں ہوتے ہیں۔ رگیں زرد سے رنگ کی طرح ہوتی ہیں۔
پھول دو تیں انچ لمبے اور سبزی مائل زرد ہوتے ہیں۔ نر اور مادہ پھولوں میں کچھ فرق ہوتا ہے۔پھل ایک انچ لمبا اور گولائی لیے ہوئے پون انچ چوڑا ہوتا ہے۔اس کا پھل پکنے پر میٹھا ہوتا ہے۔ پھل پرند کے دل کی شکل اور رنگ کالا ہوتا ہے۔
برصغیر کے اکثر علاقوں میں بھلاوے کے درخت پائے جاتے ہیں۔ پاکستان میں یہ ستلج سے سکم جبکہ ہندوستان میں کوہ ہمالیہ کے دامن میں تین سے چار ہزار فٹ بلندی پر ہماچل ، یوپی، ڈیرہ دون سے آسام، بیہار سے ہزاری باغ ، بنگال اور مدھیہ پردیس میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔
عسل بلادر ، گرم خشک درجہ چہارم ،مغز بلادر گرم درجہ دوم خشک درجہ اول۔
مقرح ،متورم مسخن کاسر ریاح ،مقوی اعصاب، مقوی ذہن و حافظ مجفف بواسیر ، جاذب سم الفار۔
مقوی باہ ،دافع امراض بلغمی ۔
اِس کے دو نسخے ہیں : انقردیا کبیر اور انقردیا صغیر۔
Arktisk ulv

Arktisk ulv (Canis lupus arctos), av noen også kalt polarulv, grønlandsulv og bernardsulv, er en underart av ulv som finnes på de arktiske øyene i Canada og på det nordlige Grønland. Inkluderer nå 2 variteter som tidligere ble ansett som egne underarter. Etter reorganiseringen av de nordamerikanske underartene i 1992 ble bernardsulv og grønlandsulv, som begge tidligere var regnet som egne underarter, lagt til som varieteter av arktisk ulv. Begge er imidlertid utdødd.
Arktisk ulv blir ofte forvekslet med hvitulv, som er en eurasisk underart av ulv, men dette er altså to forskjellige underarter. Arktisk ulv er mindre enn tradisjonell nordamerikansk ulv og skiller seg også fra denne gjennom den hvite pelsen og en mer tettvokst kroppsbygning. Den blir omkring 90-150 cm lang, inkludert hode og hale. Skulderhøyden ligger gjerne på ca. 65-80 cm, mens vekten ofte blir over 45 kg. Det påstås at hanner på opp mot 80 kg har blitt observert, men en slik høy vekt har ikke blitt dokumentert.
Mackenzie Valley-ulv

Mackenzie Valley ulv (Canis lupus occidentalis) er den fysisk største av de nordamerikanske underartene av ulv. Den varierer i farge fra nesten hvit til nærmest sort, og er utbredt over hele Alaska og det vestre Canada. Underarten inkluderer fra 1992 flere varieteter som tidligere ble ansett som egne underarter.
Mackenzie Valley ulv veier normalt ca. 45-67 kg, men kan i visse tilfeller bli større. Tispene veier gjerne 10-20% mindre enn hannene. Den største ulven som har blitt registrert veide 79 kg og står oppført i Guinness book of Animal World Records, som også nevner en ulv som skal ha veid hele 105 kg. Den mangler imidlertid dokumentasjon.
Mackenzie Valley ulv blir normal ca. 81-102 cm i skulderhøyde. Lengden, inkludert hode og hale, er vanligvis mellom 150 og 210 cm.
Tor Ulven

Tor Ulven (1953–1995) var en norsk forfatter og lyriker. Han var en av landets mest innflytelsesrike forfattere i 1980- og 1990-årene. Ulven tok sitt eget liv i 1995.
Ulven var svært mediesky, og ga bare ett intervju – til litteraturtidsskriftet Vagant i 1993. Intervjuet ble tatt opp på hans hjemsted i Årrundveien 9, der han hadde bodd hele livet. Tor Ulven hadde sin leilighet i annen etasje av familieiendommen.
Ulvens lyrikk, prosa og essays er preget av en tomhetsfølelse, dødsbevissthet og eksistensiell pessimisme kombinert med originale språklige bilder, utpenslet skrivemåte og en indre ambivalens.
Død snø

Død snø er en norsk grøsserkomedie av Stig Frode Henriksen og Tommy Wirkola, som også laget Kill Bill-parodien Kill Buljo: The Movie, og den er også produsert av Harald Zwart. Filmen hadde premiere på norske kinoer 9. januar 2009. Filmskaperne ønsket å lage film i stil med gamle splatterfilmer og grøsserkomedier fra 1980- og begynnelsen av 1990-tallet. Filmtittelen skulle opprinnelig hete Rød Snø som en hyllest til TV-serien Rød snø fra 80-tallet. Av opphavsrettslige grunner ble imidlertid tittelen endret til Død snø. Filmen hadde et budsjett på 13,6 millioner og er solgt til 48 land utenom Norge.
12. februar 2014 kom oppfølgeren, Død snø 2, på kino for første gang. Oppfølgeren starter direkte fra der den første filmen sluttet og fortsetter historien.
Filmen handler om en gruppe medisinstudenter som drar opp på en fjellhytte om vinteren. En av jentene i gruppen skulle ta en annen vei, men kom aldri fram til hytta, og de andre begynner å bli urolige. Senere får de besøk av en turgåer som kommer forbi hytta, spilt av Bjørn Sundquist. Han forteller dem historien om hva som skjedde i området under 2. verdenskrig, da en gruppe tyske nazister kalt "einsatz", ledet av Oberst Herzog, ble stasjonert på Øksfjord like i nærheten. Nazistene både plyndret og voldtok, før lokalbefolkningen gikk lei og gikk til angrep på dem med ljåer, økser og kniver. En gruppe soldater, deriblant Herzog, klarte å flykte opp i fjellene, hvor de senere frøs ihjel. Turgåeren advarer dem mot å bli værende, og at de døde nazistene, som zombier, fremdeles leter etter tyvgodset sitt.
Død snø var en av de nominerte til folkets Amanda-pris i 2009, og samtidig vant den publikumprisen under After Dark filmfestival i Toronto, Canada, og var nominert til fire priser under Scream Awards i Los Angeles.
Snøporten

Snøporten er eierselskapet bak utviklingen av området og prosjektet med helsårsanlegget «Snø» sammen med investorene Selvaag, Canica, Oslo Pensjonsforsikring, Malling, Baumann og Lørenskog Kommunale Pensjonskasse. «Byen» som bygges rundt «Snø» er en del av knutepunktsutviklingen i Lørenskog kommune, og ligger 500 meter fra Lørenskog stasjon, og om lag 15 minutter nord for Oslo med bil.
"Snø» (stilisert som SNØ) er blant de første i verden som kombinerer fasiliteter for alpin, langrenn og egen park med rails og hopp for snowboard og freeski under samme tak. En fireseters stolheis går helt til toppen av den 500 meter lange bakken. Det finnes også koppheis og et transportbånd. Vegg-i-vegg med snøsonen er det sportsbutikker, treningssenter og ulike serverings- og restauranttilbud..
Det snødekkede arealet i arenaen utgjør totalt 36 000 m² fordelt på tre nedfarter med ulik vanskelighetsgrad, en park med rails, hopp og big jump og en 1,5 km lang langrennsløype. Det er også et nybegynnerområde. I tillegg til det snødekkede arealet, har arenaen sportsbutikker, restauranter og kafeer, treningssenter og konferansefasiliteter. Den totale størrelsen på arenaen er 50 000 m².
Snø (roman)

Snø (tyrkisk: Kar) er en roman av den tyrkiske forfatteren Orhan Pamuk. Publisert på tyrkisk i 2002 og utgitt første gang på norsk i 2005 (oversatt av Ayfer Erbaydar og Alf Storrud). I form av en spenningsroman beveger den seg på et psykologisk, politisk og filosofisk plan. Forfatteren gjør også flittig bruk av humor, og romanen kan til tider karakteriseres som satirisk.
I anledning sin mors begravelse drar poeten Ka tilbake til Tyrkia etter å ha levd tolv år i eksil i Tyskland. En venn av ham, som arbeider i en av Istanbuls aviser, foreslår at han drar til Kars for å skrive en reportasje om selvmordsbølgen blant de unge kvinnene i byen. Mens han er på vei inn i byen blåser det opp til snøstorm, og de neste dagene er byen isolert på grunn av snømengdene. Dermed ligger scenen til rette for et militærkupp. Det viser seg snart at det også ligger personlige motiver bak Kas reise til grensebyen Kars. Ipek, hans ungdoms store forelskelse, er en av de to døtrene til Turgut Bey, eieren av Snøslottet hotell (Karpalas Oteli) der Ka tar inn på rom 203.
Bokas hovedperson Ka er en individualist. Det er viktig for ham å fremheve sine spesielle og sarte trekk, som om han var en unik snøkrystall ulik alle andre. Han har en sterk lengsel mot det han tror må være et lykkelig liv, men han er redd for å oppnå dette. Det henger blant annet sammen med at han har en sterk frykt for tap og å bli forlatt, noe som igjen fører til sjalusi og eiertrang overfor İpek, hans kvinnelige motspiller. Ka har en hang til å analysere sin fortid og sine følelser. Han plasserer alle diktene han skriver i Kars på armene til en snøkrystall, og han er overbevist om at han vil forstå mer av seg selv gjennom en analyse av disse diktene og den overordnede krystallstrukturen han plasserer de i.