davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Tortang talong

El tortang talong ('tortilla de berenjena') es una tortilla de huevo (omelette) o fritura típica de la cocina filipina, hecha al freír berenjenas enteras a la parrilla sumergidas en huevo batido.​​ Es una comida popular para el desayuno y el almuerzo en Filipinas. Una variante común del tortang talong es el rellenong talong, que se rellena con carne, mariscos y/o verduras.
El nombre tortang talong significa literalmente 'omelette de berenjena'; de una forma sufijada de torta ('tortilla' o 'pastel plano') y talong (berenjena).​ El nombre a veces se abrevia como tortalong.​
La receta básica de tortang talong implica primero asar la berenjena entera hasta que la carne esté suave y la piel se queme y se vuelva casi negra. Esto se puede hacer en una parrilla de carbón, una bandeja para hornear o sobre una llama directa mientras se envuelve en papel de aluminio (como en una estufa de gas). El asado le da a la berenjena un característico sabor ahumado. Luego se quita la piel carbonizada, aunque se conserva el tallo. La carne de la berenjena machaca con tenedor y se sumerge en una mezcla de huevo batido sazonada con sal y especias al gusto. Luego, la berenjena se fríe hasta que el exterior esté dorado y crujiente, mientras que el centro permanece suave y cremoso.​​​​
Las variedades más comunes de berenjenas en Filipinas son las largas y delgadas de color púrpura. Cuando se usan variedades de berenjena más grandes y redondas, es posible que sea necesario cortar la berenjena por la mitad o en cuartos (con el tallo aún unido) para una cocción más uniforme.​​
El tortang talong se come más comúnmente para el desayuno o el almuerzo. Se sirve sobre arroz blanco, a veces acompañado de una salsa para mojar (como salsa de soya, vinagre, kétchup de banana, etc.) o condimentos adicionales (como pimienta negra, calamansi o chiles). También se puede servir como guarnición de platos de carne.​​
Una variante notable de tortang talong es rellenong talong (también deletreado Ryenong talong; del español «relleno»), comúnmente anglicanizado como stuffed eggplant omelette. Esta versión se cocina de la misma manera que la versión normal, excepto que la tortilla también incluye varios rellenos de carne precocinada (como carne molida de res, cerdo o longganisa), mariscos y/o verduras.​​​​
En algunas versiones, la berenjena no se asa a la parrilla, sino que se hierve, dando como resultado una versión más suave que carece del característico sabor ahumado del plato original.​ Las variantes de restaurantes no tradicionales también pueden quitar el tallo y hacer puré la berenjena antes de mezclarla con la tortilla.​
Tanto el tortang talong como el rellenong talong relleno de verduras son recetas vegetarianas.​ Se puede preparar una versión vegana usando calabaza, harina y tofu como sustituto del huevo.​
Los 40 (República Dominicana)

Los 40 (estilizado como LOS40; conocida anteriormente como Cadena 40 Principales y 40 Principales) es una estación radial dominicana de origen español, con una temática dedicada a la música actual en español e inglés. Los 40 pertenece a Prisa Radio, mayor grupo radiofónico en español con casi 28 millones de oyentes, más de 8 millones de usuarios únicos en internet, según comScore, y más de 1250 emisoras, entre propias, participadas y asociadas, con presencia en doce países:
De manera directa en ocho: Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Estados Unidos, España (país original de la emisora), México y Panamá.
A través de franquicia de marcas y contenidos en otros cinco: Ecuador, Guatemala, República Dominicana, Paraguay y Nicaragua.
Los 40 inicia sus operaciones en República Dominicana el 18 de diciembre de 2012, de la mano de Radio Cadena Comercial hoy RCC Media presidida por el empresario Antonio Espaillat.​
Transmitió su señal desde Santo Domingo en la frecuencia 103.3 FM, y en internet www.los40.do.​
LOS40 siguió al aire con su programación hasta el 15 de noviembre del 2020. El 16 de noviembre del mismo año es sustituida por la 103.3 FM
El 8 de marzo de 2022, regresa LOS40 por el dial 88.5 FM y también en la frecuencia “96.7 FM” para toda la región este del país. En la actualidad Ricardo Espaillat es el “Director General” y en la “Dirección de Programación” se encuentra el famoso estratega venezolano Humberto Hernández.​​
Kuku (food)

Kuku or kookoo (Persian: کوکو) is an Iranian dish made of whipped eggs with various ingredients folded in. It is similar to the Italian frittata, the French quiche, or an open-faced omelette, but it typically has less egg than a frittata, and is cooked for a shorter time, over a low heat, before being turned over or grilled briefly to set the top layer. It is served either hot or cold as a starter, side dish, or a main course, and is accompanied with bread and either yogurt or salad.
Cookbooks from the Safavid and Qajar periods in Persia (Iran) mention kuku. Qajar documents introduce it as a side dish.
Herb kuku (kuku sabzi), which is the most popular type, is served traditionally at Nowruz, the Iranian New Year's Day, symbolizing a fresh start and also at Easter, which is celebrated by the Iranian Armenians and Iranian Georgians.
The traditional preparation of kuku involves frying the ingredients in oil over a low heat and is accomplished with steaming in a closed space. Baking is also a popular method of preparation. An extra thickness is given to the dish by adding yeast. The ultimate result is a cake-like omelette that is usually served with bread, but it might rather be accompanied with rice, particularly in the northern Iranian province of Gilan, where the consumption of rice in general was traditionally preferred over bread.
Kuku is made with various ingredients and in a variety of styles, including herb kuku (kuku sabzi), potato kuku (kuku sibzamini), eggplant kuku (kuku-ye bādenjān, vereqā), roe kuku (ašbal kuku), and yogurt kuku (kuku-ye māst).
Herb kuku (Persian: کوکو سبزی, lit. 'kuku sabzi'; Azerbaijani: göyərti küküsü, lit. 'green kuku'), is the most common type of kuku. It is made of eggs and herbs such as leeks and parsley. Garlic, which is very popular in the northern regions of Iran, is also used as an ingredient.
Another variation is a recipe for walnut and herb kuku (Persian: gerdu kuku; Azerbaijani: qozlu kükü), the addition of nuts changes the texture of the dish.
Cauliflower kuku (kuku-ye gol-e-kalam) features caramelized onions and cauliflower. Najmieh Batmanglij's early English-language Persian cookbook, Food of Life (1986) featured a version of the dish.
Potato kuku, or kuku sibzamini in Persian, is made of eggs, potatoes, spices like saffron, and/or turmeric, and other ingredients. It has been compared to Spanish omelette (potato tortilla), and to latkes.
Eggplant kuku, known as kuku-ye bādenjān in Persian is made of mashed eggplant and eggs, together with other ingredients such as parsley, walnuts, onions, and barberries.
Roe kuku, known as ašbal kuku or ašbol kuku in Gilaki, is a local variant of kuku in Gilan that includes roe (caviar).
Chistorra

Chistorra (pronounced [tʃis̺ˈtora], Basque: txistor) is a type of fast-cure sausage from Aragon and the southern Basque Country, Spain. It can be considered a special type of chorizo. It is made of minced pork, or a mixture of minced pork and beef, is encased in either lamb tripe or plastic and has a fat content that varies between 70 and 80%. The sausage is flavoured with garlic, salt and paprika, which gives it a bright-red colour. It is usually baked, fried or grilled and often accompanies other dishes, sometimes as part of tapas. The final cured product tends to be thinner than traditional chorizo or sausage, with a diameter of approximately 25 mm. The sausages average 40 cm (16 in) in length, though there are cases when they reach up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long.
In the Aragonese Pyrenees, there are two different types of chistorra: one made only of pork meat and another made of lungs, boned pig head and the pancreas, called berica.
The local variety of chistorra available in the province of León is called Chistorra de León and is made with a larger percentage of beef.
Today it is sold fresh, but is increasingly found vacuum-packed in Spanish supermarkets.
One of the most popular dishes involving chistorra is huevos rotos con chistorra y patatas, a dish with fried eggs and potatoes.
Chistorra is usually fried whole, but served chopped into smaller sections as a tapa. Fried chistorra is often accompanied by beer or wine, especially of the Txakoli variety. Fried chistorra is also a typical bocadillo (sandwich) filler (bocadillo de chistorra).
Other common dishes include croissant preñado, a croissant with chistorra filler, and tortilla con chistorra, a potato or egg omelet with chistorra.
Chistorra is traditionally served on the feast day of Thomas the Apostle (December 21) in San Sebastián. During the festivities, chistorra is often served alongside talo and is accompanied by cider.
The 21st of December in the Basque Country is the day of Santo Tomás, during this day in all the cities you can see stalls of artisanal products among which, for being the typical food of the day, the talo, the chistorra and the cider or sagardoa as a usual accompaniment.
ممثل تيليڤزيون

ممثل تيليڤزيون هو ممثل او ممثله فى فيلم تلفزيون او مسلسل تيليڤيزيون
مخرج الشغل بيحدد الشكل النهائى من خبره او دراسه. ده بيكون بمساعدة طاقم الشغل.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
كاس العالم 1970

كاس العالم 1970 (اسبانى:Copa Mundial de Fútbol México 70), دى بطوله نمره 9 فى تاريخ كاس العالم لكورة القدم, واللى استضافته المكسيك من يوم 31 مايو لغايه 30 يونيه 1970, ب كسبت المكسيك كآول دوله من امريكا الشماليه بتستضيف مونديال على اراضيها.
نظام جديد لتصفيات كاس العالم يمنح 75 فريق قومى للعب بالماتشات علشان ياخدوا بطاقات التآهل الـ 15.
المره دى يمنح ممثل قاره افريقيا للمونديال ابتدت من سنه 1968, و المغرب تانى ممثلين الافارقه والعرب بعد مصر اللى بيشارك فى مونديال المكسيك, وبرضه اسرائيل بيشارك للمره الاولانى ممثله لقاره آسيا, وهددت المغرب بالانسحاب من البطوله اذا حطت مجموعه المغرب جنب اسرائيل, زى ماحصل كده فى دوره الالعاب الآوليمبيه بالمكسيك سنه 1968, ورضخت فيفا للطلب المغربى وسابت القرعه انه يحط المغرب جنب اسرائيل علشان يتجنب ظاهره الانسحاب من البطوله.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن المكسيك. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن البرازيل. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله عن كوره قدم. و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
انتونى اندرسن (ممثل)

انتونى اندرسن ممثل و ممثل كوميدى و منتج منفذ و منتج افلام من امريكا.
انتونى اندرسن من مواليد يوم 15 اغسطس سنة 1970 فى لوس انجليس.
درس فى جامعة هوارد.
انتونى اندرسن على موقع قاعدة بيانات الأفلام على الإنترنت - IMDb (الإنجليزية)
محمود رضا (ممثل)

محمود رضا ( - 1959) Mahmoud Reda ممثل مصرى من الرعيل الاول للسينما المصرية اشتغل فى الأدوار المساعدة فى الكتير من الأفلام من ابتدا مشواره الفنى فى نهاية التلاتينات لحد احتجابه 1955 اشترك فى معظم أفلام السيدة " ام كلثوم ". هو الشيخ صالح فى فيلم "ده جناه أبى" وهو شيخ الجامع فى فيلم " البؤساء " مع "عباس فارس" سنة 1944. توفى فى 1970.
يعقوب طانيوس

يعقوب طانيوس (1910 - 1970) مطرب وملحن وعازف كمان و ممثل مصرى من مواليد سنة 1910 ينحدر من أصل لبنانى تعلم العزف على الكمان على ايد الاستاذ ارميناك اللى درس علية نجوم العزف على الة الكمان فى مصر ، كان عضو فى فرقة معهد المزيكا الشرقية اللى كان يراسها مصطفى العقاد فى اوائل التلاتينات من القرن العشرين قام ببطولة فيلم الموسيقار امام الفنانة لور دكاش ، فى سنة 1945 استعان به الموسيقار محمد عبد الوهاب كعازف منفرد فى بعض مؤلفاته المزيكا زى فى المعادى ومن الشرق وفى روائعه الغنائيه زى احبه مهما اشوف منه وقصيدة الصبا والجمال فى فيلم يوم سعيد توفى سنة 1970.
على الشريف

على الشريف (1934 - 1987) Ali El Sherif ممثل مصري، اتولد فى سنة 1934، دخل كلية الهندسة فى سنة 1965، ولكنه تركها و دخل بكلية التجارة ليجد وقت للسياسة لشغفه الشديد بيها وجاءت بدايته الفنية لما اختاره المخرج الراحل يوسف شاهين لتأدية شخصية (دياب) فى فيلم الأرض فى سنة 1970، ومن بعدها شارك فى تادية الكتير من الشخصيات المساعدة فى السينمافىحقبتى السبعينات والثمانينات، ومن الأفلام التانيه اللى شارك بها: (العصفور، الكرنك، أفواه و أرانب، شعبان تحت الصفر، الإنسان يعيش مرة واحدة، الأوفوكاتو). توفى فى سنة 1987 عن عمر 52 سنه.
[1]
عدلى كاسب

عدلى عبدالحميد كاسب و شهرته عدلى كاسب ممثل مسرح و سينما مصرى مولود فى القاهره فى 21 ابريل 1918 وتوفى فى 13 سبتمبر 1978
1) البنت اللى قالت لا (1978)
3) اولاد الحلال (1978)
6) شيلنى و أشيلك (1977)
7) سنه أولى حب (1976)
8) لا شىء يهم (1975)
9) مجانين بالوراثة (1975)
10) على من نطلق الرصاص (1975)
11) الكرنك (1975)
12) نغم فى حياتى (1974)
13) المخادعون (1973)
14) 3 فتيات مراهقات (1973)
15) عاشق الروح (1973)
16) ازمة سكن (1972)
17) ذئاب على الطريق (1972)
18) بيت من رمال (1972)
19) غرام فى الطريق الزراعى (1971)
20) رحلة لذيذة (1971)
21) شباب فى العاصفة (1971)
22) ادم والستات (1971)
23) صراع مع الموت (1970)
25) احنا لا نزرع الشوك (1970)
27) نادية (1969)
28) عائلات محترمة (1969)
29) إجازة صيف (1967)
30) شاطئ المرح (1967)
31) شقة الطلبة (1967)
32) شقاوة رجاله (1966)
33) 3 حرامية (1966)
34) شىء فى حياتى (1966)
35) صغيرة على الحب (1966)
36) مدرس خصوصى (1965)
37) لو كنت رجل (1964)
38) هجرة الرسول (1964)
39) المارد (1964)
40) ام العروسة (1963)
41) قصة ممنوعة (1963)
42) الا خمسة [مسرحية] (1963)
43) شقاوة بنات (1963)
44) العريس يوصل غدًا (1963)
45) زقاق المدق (1963)
46) عيلة زيزى (1963)
47) قاضى الغرام (1962)
48) مذكرات تلميذة (1962)
49) اللص و الكلاب (1962)
50) ست البنات (1961)
51) السفيره عزيزه (1961)
52) عاصفة من الحب (1961)
53) لماذا أعيش (1961)
54) ابو الليل (1960)
55) المراهقات (1960)
56) لقاء فى الغروب (1960)
57) عفريت سمارة (1959)
58) سر طاقية الإخفاء (1959)
59) اسماعيل يس فى دمشق (1958)
60) بنت الباديه (1958)
61) حب من نار (1958)
62) الطريق المسدود (1958)
63) المرات العذراء (1958)
64) سلطان (1958)
65) انا وقلبى (1957)
66) لن أبكى أبداً (1957)
67) الكمساريات الفاتنات (1957)
68) رد قلبى (1957)
69) نهاية حب (1957)
70) عيون سهرانة (1956)
71) ودعت حبك (1956)
72) صاحبة العصمة (1956)
73) من القاتل (1956)
74) خالى شغل (1955)
75) الله معنا (1955)
76) عرايس فى المزاد (1955)
77) فجر (1955)
78) حب ودموع (1955)
79) موعد مع السعادة (1954)
80) الحياة الحب (1954)
81) أمريكانى من طنطا (1954)
82) وعد (1954)
83) شيطان الصحراء (1954)
84) بين قلبين (1953)
85) نشالة هانم (1953)
86) مسمار جحا (1952)
87) الحرمان (1952)
88) يسقط الاستعمار (1952)
89) الاسطى حسن (1952)
90) فتاة السيرك (1951)
91) ورد الغرام (1951)
92) السبع أفندى (1951)
93) الشرف غالى (1951)
94) لك يوم يا ظالم (1951)
95) جرب حظك (1949)
97) ملك التاكس (1949)
الظاهر جقمق

السلطان الملك الظاهر ابو سعيد جقمق محمد العلاى (او العلائى) الظاهرى ( اتوفى فى القاهره 1453 ) سلطان الدوله المملوكيه البرجيه (الشركسيه) الإتناشر. قعد على عرش مصر من 1438 ل1453.
جقمق مصر و هو طفل و اتربى فى بيت الأتابك " إينال اليوسفى " و بعدين دخل فى خدمة السلطان الظاهر برقوق و عشان كده اتلقب بـ " الظاهرى " وكمان أتسلطن بلقب " الظاهر " على لقبه استاذه الظاهر برقوق ، لقبه " العلاى " او " العلائى " نسبه لإسم " العلاى على " ابن الامير " اينال اليوسفى ".
جقمق ما كانش طفل لما اتسلطن لكن كان عنده 65 سنه فكانت عنده خبره فى الحياه و اتدرج فى المناصب من وصيف فى البلاط الملكى لسلطان فكان عايز اول حاجه انه يرضى المماليك فكان كريم مش بس بالنسبه لمماليكه لكن لكل اللى حواليه.
من بداية حكمه واجه جقمق تمردين. التمرد الأولانى قام بيه الامير " قرقماش الشعبانى الناصرى " ، و التمرد التانى قام بيه نايب الشام " اينال الجكمى " ، لكن جقمق قدر يقضى على التمردين بسهوله ، و قبض على "قرقماش" اللى حاصر قلعة الجبل و كبله و بعته اسكندريه و اتعدم هناك فى العلن. و بعنف قدر انه يخمد تمرد الشام اللى كان هدفه ترجيع العزيز يوسف للعرش. بالطريقه دى اتخلص جقمق من متاعبه و عم الهدؤ.
فى عهد جقمق اتوفى الخليفه العباسى فى القاهره " المعتضد بالله داود " بعد خلافه طويله دامت تمانيه و عشرين سنه و اتولى الخلافه اخوه " المستكفى بالله ابو الربيع سليمان " لكن اتوفى بعد عشر سنين سنة 1451 فجاب جقمق ولاده و اختار " حمزه " انه يبقى خليفه لإنه كان اكبرهم فبقى " القائم بأمر الله ابو البقاء حمزه ".
لما عيى جقمق و حس ان اجله قرب و كان عنده وقتها حوالى 81 سنه اتنازل عن العرش لإبنه " عثمان ".
مدحه ابن إياس و قال عنه انه كان ملك جليل اخلاقه كويسه و متواضع و سخى و بيحب العلما و بيعطف على اليتامى و عنده كفائه للسلطنه.
الدراهم الأشرفيه بتاعة " الأشرف برسباى " هى اللى كانت متداوله لكن جقمق سك دراهم جديده اسمها " الظاهريه " سنة 1440 و امر بمنع التعامل بالدراهم الأشرفيه فوقف البيع و الشرا فإضطرت السلطات انها تجمع الدراهم الأشرفيه من الناس بسعرها و نزلوا بدالها دراهم ظاهريه و بعدين حولوا الدراهم الأشرفيه لظاهريه فى " دار الضرب ". الدراهم الظاهريه كانت كويسه و كانت نسبة الفضه فيها 94.5% و وزنها كان ما بين 1.46 و 1.89 جرام.
الأسامى و الالقاب اللى ظهرت على عملات جقمق هى : " السلطان الملك الظاهر ابو سعيد " ، و " الملك الظاهر ابو سعيد " و " السلطان الملك الظاهر " ، و " السلطان الملك ". و ظهر له دعا : " عز نصره " ، و " خلد الله ملكه ".
على عملات ليه اتنقشت بالغلط ألقاب " القاهر " و " ظاهر " بدل " الظاهر ".
رفيق الصبان

رفيق الصبان ، هو كاتب وناقد وسيناريست سورى مقيم فى مصر من أوائل السبعينات اتولد فى سوريا فى 5 اكتوبر 1931، بدء مسيرته عن طريق المسرح السورى فاخرج عدد من الأعمال المسرحية هناك ، نقل بعدها لمصر وكتب فيلم "زائر الفجر" سنة 1972 لتبدأ عندها مسيرته السينمائية الطويلة اللى امتدت لحوالى 25 فيلم أشهرها الأخوة الأعداء وقطة على نار وليلة ساخنة ، و أخرها هو الباحثات عن الحرية مع المخرجة ايناس الدغيدى . يعمل أستاذ لمادة السيناريو فى معهد السينما بمصر ، واشتهر كمان بكتاباته النقدية الهامة حيثُ يعدّ من أهم النقاد فى الوطن العربى . اتوفى فى 17 اغسطس 2013 .
مكرم محمد احمد

مكرم محمد احمد دا كاتب صحفى مصرى و نقيب الصحفيين المصريين و كان بيكتب فى جورنال الاهرام اللى ابتدا فيه حياته العمليه كمراسل حربى.
اتوفى فى يوم الخميس 15 ابريل 2021 ميلادي،اللى هو 3 رمضان 1442 هجريًّ، و هو عنده 85 سنة بعد ما تعرض لوعكة صحية
ام سلمه هند بنت ابى اميه

ام سلمة هى ام سلمة بنت ابى امية بن المغيرة المخزومية و اسمها الحقيقى " هند " ، كانت متجوزه من ابو سلمة و كان عندها عيال منه. ابو سلمة كان اتجرح فى معركة احد و بعدين خف لكن النبى بعته عشان يححارب قبيلة بنى أسد و بعد مارجع المدينه المنوره نغز عليه جرح احد و قضى عليه فى السنه الرابعه الهجريه. النبى محمد زاره و هو بيحتضر و قعد يدعيله و لما اتوفى سبله عينيه بنفسه ، و بعدها بأربع تشهر خطب ام سلمة لكن اعتذرت بسبب كترة عيالها و انها مابقتش شابه بتاعة جواز ، لكن فضل يلح عليها لغاية ماوافقت و اعتنى بتربية عيالها. اتوفت فى سنة 58 هـ
منسى يوحنا

منسى يوحنا ( هور ، ملوى ، المنيا ، اغسطس 1899 - 17 مايو 1930 ) ، قسيس و كاهن مصرى قبطى ارتودوكسى اشتهر بالورع و الف 15 كتاب منها كتب عن تاريخ الكنيسه المسيحيه فى مصر اشهرها و اهمها " تاريخ الكنيسة القبطية ". خطيب ثورة 1919 فى ملوى.
اتولد منسى يوحنا فى قرية هور التابعه لملوى فى محافظة المنيا فى صعيد مصر. ابوه اتوفى و هو صغير فربته امه و جده و بعد ما اتعلم مبادىء القرايه فى كتاب القريه دخل المدرسه الابتدائى و بعدين دخل المدرسة الاكليريكيه و هو لسه ماكملش 16 سنه و بين تفوق و شغف بدراسة اللاهوت و تاريخ الكنيسه. بعد ما خلص تعليمه فى المدرسة الاكليريكيه اتعين واعظ فى كنيسةالسيدة العذراء الصاغة بملوى و لإنه كان لسه عنده عشرين سنه الناس الاول استهانت بيه لكن بعد شويه اعجبو بيه و حبوه و اهتمو بمواعظه. وفى يناير سنة 1925 اترسم كاهن لكنيسة السيدة العذراء الصاغة ملوى بناء على اختيار الناس ليه.
عكف منسى يوحنا على الدراسه و الكتابه و فى تسع سنين الف خمستاشر كتاب عن مواضيع دينيه و عن تاريخ المسيحيه فى مصر بيعتبر اهمها "تاريخ الكنيسة القبطية" ( 1924) اللى اتناول فيه تاريخ البطاركه و الانشقاقات اللى حصلت فى الكنيسه. و كتب كمان مقالات فى المجلات و الجرانيل عن موضوعات دينيه و ادبيه و حرر مجلة " الفردوس " اللى اصدر اول عدد منها فى 4 ابريل سنة 1926.
اتميزت كتابته التاريخيه بالاسلوب التأريخى الموضوعى الرصين بعيد عن الاسفاف و الانحياز و كتابه " تاريخ الكنيسة القبطية " بيحطه بين كبار المؤرخين المصريين.
منسى يوحنا كان كمان شخصيه وطنيه شارك فى الحركه الوطنيه المصريه و كان خطيب ثورة 1919 فى ملوى و دعا لوحدة المصريين و تآخيهم و النضال لرفعة شأن مصر.
عاصر عهود حكام مصر الخديوى عباس حلمى التانى و السلطان حسين كامل و الملك فؤاد الاول.
اتوفى فى 17 يناير 1930 و طلب قبل وفاته انه يندفن فى قريته هور فى ملوى فإندفن فى جبل ابو فانه و بعدين اتنقل لتربه فى دير ابو فانا.
يعاقبه
برلمان المملكه المتحده ال47

برلمان المملكه المتحده ال47 كان برلمان المملكه المتحده نمره 47.
مدة برلمان المملكه المتحده ال47 كانت من اكتوبر سنة 1974 لحد ابريل سنة 1979.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
كونجرس امريكا ال47

ٍ
كونجرس امريكا ال47 كان هو كونجرس امريكا نمره 47.
مدة كل كونجرس ف امريكا بتكون سنتين حسب دستور امريكا. مدة كونجرس امريكا ال47 كانت سنتين من يوم 4 مارس سنة 1881 لحد يوم 4 مارس سنة 1883.
الصفحه دى فيها تقاوى مقاله, و انت ممكن تساعد ويكيپيديا مصرى علشان تكبرها.
العميل 47

العميل 47 (Hitman: Agent 47) هوا فيلم سينما من نوع رواية اثارة تقنيه و فيلم تجسس و فيلم اثاره و فيلم اكشن اتعمل سنة 2015 فى امريكا و المملكه المتحده و المانيا و كان من اخراج اليكساندر باتش و من تأليف سكيب وودز.
العميل 47 على موقع قاعدة بيانات الأفلام على الإنترنت - IMDb (الإنجليزية)
47 رونين

47 رونين (47 Ronin) هوا فيلم سينما من نوع دراما و فيلم فنتازيا و فيلم اكشن و فيلم مغامره اتعمل سنة 2013 فى امريكا و كان من اخراج كارل رينستش و من تأليف حسين امينى و كريس مورجان.
47 رونين على موقع قاعدة بيانات الأفلام على الإنترنت - IMDb (الإنجليزية)
لم يتم العثور على روابط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
Amr Saad

Amr Saad (born November 26, 1977) is an Egyptian actor.
Amr Saad was born on November 26, 1977 in Sayyidah Zaynab, Syria, and grew up in the Ain Shams district of Cairo, Egypt. He is the second son to his parents after his older brother, the chemist Sameh Saad, and before his younger brother, the singer Ahmed Saad. He graduated from the Faculty of Applied Arts at Cairo University. He began his artistic career in 1999 by starring in the films The Other and The City.
In 2007, he appeared in the movie Dikan Shehata, which was praised by critics. He then starred in films such as The Big, Iron, Rijata, The Walls of the Moon, Molana and Karma.
He presented the first series in the drama in 2010, entitled Kingdom of the Mountain and then presented the series Abdul Aziz Street in 2011 and in 2012 presented the series Khirm needle, and then presented a second part of the series Abdel Aziz Street, and in 2016 presented the series Younis Born Silver, and in 2017 presented the series Security Situation.
He won the Best Actor Award for his lead role as Sheikh Hatem in the film Mawlana from the 33rd Alexandria Film Festival and was also awarded by the Luxor African Film Festival as well as the 66th Egyptian Catholic Center for Cinema Festival. He also won the Best Actor Award from the 23rd Mediterranean Film Festival of Tétouan for his role in Mawlana.
His son Raby Saad is also an actor.
Mahmoud el-Meliguy

Mahmoud el-Meligy (Egyptian Arabic: محمود المليجي, Maḥmoūd el-Meleygī; 22 December 1910 – 6 June 1983) was an Egyptian screenwriter and an actor of film, theater, and television. He started his career playing minor roles but achieved stardom in the late 1930s. A popular and award-winning actor, he has acted in hundreds of films and was famous for his evil, villain roles.
El-Meligy is the descendant of an Egyptian family that took its name from the Egyptian city of Melieg in Monufia Governorate. His breakthrough role came when Mohamed Abdel Wahab chose him to star in the film Lastu Mallak (I'm Not an Angel). He was paid 900 Egyptian pounds and quickly achieved stardom. People praised him for the villain role he played in that film, and film critics described him as “the wickedness of cinema”.
Mahmoud el-Meligy met the Egyptian actress Alwiya Gamil in 1938 and married her in 1939. He acted in several films with her. The couple had a happy and strong relationship. They did not have children together but raised two sons, Gamal El-Din and Morsi, and a daughter, Isis, from Alwiya's previous marriage. In 1963, after 24 years of his marriage to Alwiya Gamil, he married another woman, a young actress named Fawziyah al-Ansari, but their marriage lasted no longer than three days. Alwiya had allegedly compelled him to divorce her. His marriage with Alwiya Gamil ended in 1983, with his death.
For his prior and distinguished work, he was honored by the Arab Republic of Egypt and won the gold medal for the first distinguished people. He won the “State Encouragement Award for Acting” in 1972, and a “Certificate of Appreciation” on the Art Festival in 1977. He was also appointed as a member of the Shura Council, in 1980, and he obtained many awards, including the Medal of Sciences and Arts» in 1946, and the Medal of Cedar, from Lebanon.
Ahmed Ramzy

Ahmad Ramzy (Arabic: أحمد رمزي; 23 March 1930 – 28 September 2012) was an Egyptian actor who played leading roles in many Egyptian films in 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
Ramzy was born 'Ramzy Mahoud Bayoumi in 1930 to Dr Mahmoud Bayoumi, an Egyptian orthopedist and university professor, and a Scottish mother. He graduated from Alexandria's Victoria College where he met someone by the name of Michel Dimitri who later on was known as Omar Sharif, they became friends since then. After finishing his school, Ramzy joined the Medical school for 3 years, before transferring to the Faculty of Commerce, which he eventually dropped to pursue his career in acting. Ramzy has one brother, Dr. Hassan Bayoumi, who followed in their father's footsteps and has his practice in London.
Ahmad Ramzy was discovered by Helmy Halim in 15–2–1955, while playing snooker in a club. He was cast by Halim in his first role, as "Ramzy" in Ayyamna al-Holwa (Our Best Days), along with Faten Hamama, Abdel Halim Hafez, and his lifelong friend and schoolmate Omar Sharif, The film was a box office hit. In this film he also starred the first time with very close lifetime friend Abdel Halim Hafez. Next year 1956 saw Ramzy's first starring role in Hob wa Dumoo` (Love and Tears) with Faten Hamama.
The late 1950s were very good to Ramzy, as he participated in many movies and was highly famous for the role of the funny playboy and romantic womanizer, while the 1960s begun, new young actors begun to appear taking more roles of those that Ramzy was playing but that did not stop him from going his way.
By the early 1960s, making films with more than one leading star was in favor, Ramzy teamed up with other stars or younger actors like Hassan Youseff, Youssef Fakhr Eddine, Mohamed Awad and others in a film and the fashion of trio stars films begun with titles like The 3 wild ones, The 3 adventures and more which lasted to early 1970s.
During the 1970s, Ramzy starred in Chitchat on the Nile (1971), which is widely regarded as one of his best performances. He also began participating in foreign movies shot outside Egypt, He participated in movies produced in Italy (such as Il Figlio di Spartacus (The Son of Spartacus)), Lebanon (such as Fondok El Saada (Hotel of Joy)) and Syria (such as Banat lil Hob (Girls for Love)).
Ramzy's active years began to be fade due to age and cinema changing moods, his 1974 film Al Abtal (The Heroes) that co-starred Farid Shawki was notable for the fact it was Egypt's first martial arts film and used the soundtrack of Bruce Lee's Enter the Dragon. By mid 1970s Ramzy was saying goodbye to the cinema as from 1979 to 1981 saw only two films, then he focused on his trading business, though he was convinced to make a comeback in 1999 in the film " Ket El Saharaa (Desert Cat) followed by a TV series Wajh al-Qamar (Face of the Moon) with Faten Hamama in 2001.
By the entrance of the new millennium, Ramzy participated in another film by the name of El Warda El Hamra (The Red Rose) with actress Yousra and his last appearance was in a TV series called Hanan W Haneen with his eternal friend Omar Sharif, Omar's grandson - Omar Sharif, Jr. and Kareem Hamdy in 2007.
Egyptian Canadians

Egyptian Canadians (Egyptian Arabic: كنديين مصريين) are Canadian citizens of Egyptian descent, first-generation Egyptian immigrants, or descendants of Egyptians who emigrated to Canada. According to the 2011 Census there were 73,250 Canadian citizens who are from Egypt, having an increase compared to those in the 2006 Census.
Egyptian-Canadians are mainly either Christians or Muslims. Most Christians are Coptic Orthodox with small numbers of Coptic Catholic and Coptic Protestant. Muslims are mostly Sunni.
During the 1960s, 75% of Egyptian immigrants settled in Montreal. By 1991, 49% of Egyptian Canadians were in Quebec, whereas 41% were living in Ontario. By 2011, 54% of Egyptian Canadians were living in Ontario and 31% in Quebec. Most Egyptian Canadians are concentrated in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.
Throughout the 1970s, immigrants from Egypt to Canada consisted of both Christians and Muslims, who mostly left due to poverty in their home country. Starting in 1985, the Canadian government encouraged investors to immigrate, which attracted wealthy Egyptians; these are described as "more conservative and less exposed to European influences than previous arrivals”.
A 1989 survey of Egyptian Canadians in Quebec found that 35% were Copts, 20% Catholics, and 19% Muslims, while 13% followed other faiths and 12% did not indicate any religion.
The 2011 Census found that 73,250 people reported "Egyptian" ancestry and 3,570 reported "Coptic" ancestry. It also found that 16,255 people reported Coptic Orthodox church as their religion.
Bassem

Basim, Basem or Bassem (Arabic: بَاسِم Bāsim) is a common Arabic name meaning "one who smiles". A more accurate proper spelling in English is Basim, as there is no stress (Shadda) on the "s" syllable in the Arabic original. The name stem from the Arabic verb basama (Arabic: َبَسَم) meaning "to smile".
Notable people with the name include:
Ahmed Zaki (actor)

Ahmed Zaki Metwally Abdelrahman Badawi (Arabic: أحمد زكي متولي عبد الرحمن بدوي; 18 November 1949 – 27 March 2005), usually known as Ahmed Zaki (Arabic: أحمد زكي), was an Egyptian film actor. He was characterized by his talent, skill, and ability in impersonating. He was also famous for his on-screen intensity. Though he first appeared in a small role in a comedy play, he is widely regarded as one of the most talented male actors, especially in dramatic and tragic roles. Zaki worked in six films that have been listed in the Top 100 Egyptian films.
Ahmed Zaki was born in the city of Zagazig, about 50 miles (80 km) north of Cairo, Egypt. He graduated from Zagazig's Crafts School in 1967 and then traveled to Cairo to study cinema before he graduated from the Higher Institute of Cinema in 1974.
Many of his films were written by screenwriter Wahid Hamed and had a strong political message that exposed governmental and police corruption. He also starred in the famous 1985 television comedy musical series Howa wa Heya with actress Soad Hosny. Zaki also starred in a series of successful action movies during the mid-and late-1990s.
Two of his greatest successes were playing Egypt's presidents in two popular movies that became landmarks of Arabic cinema. He played presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser in Nasser 56 (1996), a movie that centered on the fateful summer of 1956 when then-President Nasser nationalizing the Suez Canal, and Anwar Sadat in the movie The Days of Sadat (2001) with director Mohamed Khan which he also produced. The movie depicted 40 years of the late president's life. He also had plans to play President Hosni Mubarak in a third movie. In the 1980s, Zaki had the chance to act alongside Salah Zulfikar, the two starred together in two movies. He was also known for portraying prominent figures in Egyptian history like Taha Hussein.
Zaki was seen as an icon and spokesperson for the average Egyptian youth; he was also considered the heir to Farid Shawki, the two starred together in two movies several years earlier. He was a known heavy smoker. Zaki had been in intensive care at Dar Al Fouad Hospital in Sixth of October City, just outside Cairo, and died of lung cancer complications, after president Hosni Mubarak offered to send him to France for medical treatment at the government's expense and granted him the Order of Merit for his work in over 50 movies.
A book about Zaki has been released under the title of Ahmad Zaki wa Symphoniet Ibda (Ahmad Zaki: A Symphonic Innovation Masterpiece). The book features details of his acting career and includes a compilation of articles by different critics, including Tarek El Shennawi, Mohammad Al Shafe’ee, and Waleed Saif.
On November 18, 2020, Google celebrated his 71st birthday with a Google Doodle, which included boxing gloves to refer to Al Nimr Al Aswad (The Black Tiger), a crab for Kaboria (The Crab), a camera for Edhak El-Sora Tetlaa’ Helwa (Smile, the Picture Will Come Out Fine), and the animals from Arba’a Fi Muhimma Rasmiya (Four on an Official Mission).
Bassam

Bassam is an Arabic name and a given name roughly meaning "one who smiles". More accurately, it is the Arabic name "Basem" (often incorrectly written in English as Bassem) that translates to "one who smiles". Basem is the agent noun of the Arabic verb with the root ba-sa-ma, which means to smile. The name "Bassam" is the exaggerated form of the agent noun (Arabic: صيغه مبالغه), and would therefore roughly translates to "one who smiles profusely".
The name is most common in the Levant. Notable people with the name include:
Ahmed Bedier (actor)

Ahmed Bedier (Arabic: أحمد بدير; born on June 20, 1945) is an Egyptian actor who was born in the city of Qena in Upper Egypt.
He graduated from high school in 1966, and after four years, he received his university degree in arts from Cairo University in 1970. He worked as an actor in youth center theaters before becoming a writer and director. He then worked as an actor in radio in several series, including (The Sad Nightingale, Al-Zini Barakat, The Dream of Night and Day, City Gates, Zizinya), and also worked in theater in many works, including (Raya and Sakina, Bachelor's in Ruling People, The Sa'idis Have Arrived, On the Sidewalk, Constitution, Our Lords). In cinema, he took on small roles, with works like (Karnak, Silence We Will Watch, Days of Terror, Sons and Killers, Hero of Paper) and others. He is married and has two daughters, Sarah and Dua'.
Ahmed Bedier is married and has two daughters, Sarah and Dua.
Ahmed Bedier enriched Egyptian art with many films, TV series, radio programs, and plays, totaling more than 220 works.
His first work was a small role in the film "The Sparrow" (Arabic: العصفور) by Youssef Chahine in 1972.
His contributions in the 1970s were in the following works:
During the 1980s, his career saw significant roles that impacted the audience, including his participation in the play "Raya and Sakina" with actress Shadia, Soher El Bably, Abdel Moneim Madbouly, and directed by Hussein Kamal.
His contributions in the 1980s were in the following works:
During the 1990s, he participated in numerous works, and his contributions in the 1990s were in the following works:
In the 2010s, Ahmed Bedier continued to engage in various works across television, cinema, and theater, often playing significant roles that received attention and appreciation.
In the 2020s, Ahmed Bedier has continued his legacy in the acting industry, showcasing his experience and range with roles in both television and film, cementing his place as one of Egypt's respected artists.
Ron Thompson (actor)

Ron Thompson (January 31, 1941 – April 13, 2024) was an American actor, singer-songwriter and dancer.
Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Thompson was perhaps best known for his dual lead roles in Ralph Bakshi's critically acclaimed rotoscope film American Pop and the 1970s TV series Baretta in the role of Detective Nopke.
Thompson's first film appearance was as an uncredited extra in the 1960 Jerry Lewis film The Bellboy.
Thompson had a brief career as a rock singer in the 1960s and wrote and recorded a number of singles as Ronnie Thompson under the guidance of his mentor and friend, rockabilly singer Ersel Hickey.
Thompson originated the role of Shanty Mulligan in the 1969 Pulitzer Prize winning play No Place to Be Somebody by Charles Gordone. In his review for The New York Times, Mel Gussow wrote that Thompson was "splendid" in his role.
Thompson won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for his 1973 theatre lead performance in the play Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? A young Al Pacino had won a Tony for playing the part in 1969.
The Progress Bulletin praised Thompson's performance in the 1976 Felton Perry play Buy the Bi and Bye calling it an "offbeat and hilarious black satire with a zinging performance by Ron Thompson."
Thompson did a dramatic portrayal of Henry David Thoreau on the 1976 NBC television series The Rebels.
Thompson starred in the 2018 thriller film Cargo.
Thompson died at his apartment in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, on April 13, 2024, at the age of 83. He was found dead by filmmaker Joe Black.
Look What I Did!

Look What I Did! is a compilation album by American rock musician Joe Walsh, released on May 23, 1995. The 2-CD set contains 34 songs from multiple albums spanning from 1968 through 1993, and offers tracks from both Walsh's solo work and when he recorded with the band James Gang.
Writing for Allmusic, critic Daevid Jehnzen wrote the album "features almost every worthwhile song the guitarist ever recorded..."
All songs written by Joe Walsh except where otherwise indicated.
47 (number)

47 (forty-seven) is the natural number following 46 and preceding 48. It is a prime number.
It is the adopted favorite number of Pomona College, a liberal arts college in Southern California, whose alumni have added cultural references to it in numerous places, including many Star Trek episodes.
47 is a safe prime, an isolated prime, a highly cototient prime, an Eisenstein prime, a Gaussian prime, and a Lucas prime.
47 is also a supersingular prime. It is the last consecutive prime number that divides the order of at least one sporadic group.
Late rapper Capital Steez was infatuated with the number 47 and what it meant spiritually. He believed the number 47 was the "perfect expression of balance in the world", representing the tension between the heart and the brain (the fourth and seventh chakras, respectively.) The number featured on the cover of AmeriKKKan Korruption, stylized to resemble a swastika.
Survivor 47

Survivor 47 is the forty-seventh season of the American competitive reality television series Survivor. It premiered on September 18, 2024, on CBS in the United States, and is the fifteenth consecutive season to be filmed in the Mamanuca Islands in Fiji. The season ended on December 18, 2024, when Rachel LaMont was crowned the winner, in a 7–1–0 vote over Sam Phalen and Sue Smey.
On December 15, 2023, Manoa Kamikamica, the Fijian Minister of Commerce, Trade, Tourism and Transport, announced that the Fijian Parliament had renewed its contract with Survivor for an additional two years. A preview for the season was released on May 22, 2024, right after the finale of Survivor 46 aired.
The 18 castaways competing on Survivor 47 were officially announced on September 4, 2024. Notable castaways this season include Rob Has a Podcast contributor Aysha Welch, Miss Delaware USA 2018 Sierra Wright, comedian and Pod Save America host Jon Lovett, WYPR radio personality Gabe Ortis, and Tennessee Titans reporter Sam Phalen.
Eighteen castaways were divided into three tribes: Gata, Lavo, and Tuku. Tuku dominated early with Gabe, Sue, and Caroline forming a strong alliance. On Gata, Sierra became the swing vote between a women’s alliance and Sam, opting to side with Sam. Meanwhile, Lavo was divided due to a feud between Rome and Sol, but Genevieve united the tribe to blindside Kishan.
At the merge, Tuku’s alliance initially held the numbers but lost power after Gabe’s elimination. The tribe soon split into two factions: the "underdogs" and the "threats", which consisted of Sam, Genevieve, and Kyle. At the final seven, Andy shook up the game by flipping on the "underdogs" and blindsiding Caroline. Rachel, on the chopping block, survived by winning multiple immunity challenges and using an idol to take out Andy. She secured her spot in the final three alongside Sue after claiming final immunity (and thereby tying the all-time record for most individual immunities won by a woman, with four total), while Sam narrowly defeated Teeny in fire-making.
At the Final Tribal Council, Sue was largely ignored by the jury. Sam argued that Rachel coasted on immunity wins, while he fought harder for his survival. Rachel highlighted her challenge victories, strategic gameplay, and strong social connections throughout the game. Ultimately, the jury recognized Rachel's dominance, awarding her the title of Sole Survivor in a 7–1–0 vote over Sam and Sue.
Survivor 47 received positive reviews. Dalton Ross of Entertainment Weekly ranked the season 24th out of 47, praising the cast and the abundance of emotional exits from the game. Nick Caruso of TVLine ranked this season 22nd out of 47. The twelfth episode, "Operation: Italy", was received with critical acclaim for its innovative gameplay that saw castaway, Caroline Vidmar, blindsided from the game in a 3–2–2 vote. It is currently the highest-rated Survivor episode on IMDb with a 9.5/10 rating.
热带干旱半干旱气候

热带干旱半干旱气候，其中热带干旱气候又称热带沙漠气候。分布于纬度30度附近的大陆西岸和中部，具体地区有：撒哈拉、非洲西南部、阿拉伯半岛、澳大利亚中部、美国西南部、墨西哥北部、智利北部等地。
1、终年高温，最冷月均温在15摄氏度以上
原因：纬度较低，太阳高度角大；常年受副高或干燥的信风控制，天气晴好，大气对太阳辐射削弱作用弱。
2、终年降水稀少，最多雨月降水在500毫米以下
原因：常年受副熱帶高壓或干燥的信风控制，气流以下沉为主；西岸常有涼流流经，其上空湿度较低；下垫面常为沙漠戈壁，实际蒸散量小。
3、气温日较差大，白天最高气温可达38摄氏度左右，日出前后最低气温可在0摄氏度以下
原因：大气水气含量小，常年受副高或干燥的信风控制，天气晴好，大气对太阳辐射削弱作用弱，白天增温很快；夜间大气保温作用弱，热量极易散失。
条件：年雨量在250毫米至750毫米之间
本区位于副热带夏干气候和热带干湿季气候之间，越接近于副热带夏干气候或热带干湿季气候则降水越多。接近副热带夏干气候区则冬半年有一短暂的时期受西风带影响而降水偏多，而接近于热带干湿季气候区则夏半年有一短暂时期受热带海洋气团或赤道低压影响降水偏多。
西岸寒流地区多雾但降水仍稀少。日较差相对热带干旱气候要小。 代表城市：秘鲁利馬。
远离赤道低压带和西风带，终年受副高或干燥的信风带控制，是热带大陆气团的源地。降水极为稀少，一般来说年雨量小于126毫米。
温带干旱半干旱气候是因地处中纬度的内陆地区，距海洋遥远使海洋水汽难以到达，降水稀少而形成；热带干旱半干旱气候则是因地处回归线附近大陆中、西部，全年受副热带高气压控制，难以形成降水而形成。
主要为热带沙漠。
制约本区农业的因素为灌溉水源，在局部灌溉水源较丰富的地方有灌溉农业发育。
本区常见灌溉水源类型：地下水出露点、客河河谷。
常见农作物：枣椰、棉花等
戈壁

戈壁（蒙古语：ᠭᠣᠪᠢ，汉语拼音字母：gobi，西里尔字母：Говь），在蒙古语中有沙漠、砾石荒漠、干旱的地方等意思。中文古称大碛，又称瀚海沙漠（瀚海又指贝加尔湖）、戈壁滩、戈壁沙漠（今中蒙边界大部）。
粗大风化、平缓的基岩露头；地面波状起伏，水土缺乏，植被覆盖率在10%以下。风棱石普遍，呈三棱形，表面光滑；暴露地表的岩石、碎石，由于表面水分蒸发时溶解的矿物残留下来经过磨蚀，形成一层黑亮的深褐色铁锰化合物（荒漠漆），厚约1毫米，地表一片黑色，称为黑戈壁。
戈壁沙漠的岩漠、砾石戈壁占70%。在中国，则分布在新疆东部、河西走廊西部。
又称戈壁滩，植被覆盖率在10～30%。根据砾石层厚度、形成过程分为：
自从秦朝起，「大漠」一词就经常在史书中出现。汉朝时汉武帝派大将军卫青成功控制漠南及河西走廊，将匈奴赶到漠北，后来霍去病深入漠北至狼居胥山（蒙古国的肯特山脉）。漠南從此作為北方胡族及南方漢人政權的緩衝區。
北魏把柔然驱出「漠南」。清朝政府把漠北蒙古称为喀尔喀蒙古，至民国时期外蒙古独立；而漠南蒙古所在的地域则演变为今内蒙古自治区。
这里作为今天蒙古国和中国的内蒙古分界的「大漠」就是戈壁沙漠。蒙古国在其南部现有东戈壁省、中戈壁省、南戈壁省。
一种广义的说法则是戈壁沙漠包括阿尔泰山脉以东南、大兴安岭以西、蒙古草原以南、青藏高原以东北、华北平原以西北的广阔干旱半干旱地区，囊括了中国境内的大多数沙漠。在中国这种用法比较少见，但在西方媒体中提及「戈壁沙漠」通常是这种含义。譬如说沙尘暴来自戈壁沙漠。
华北地区

华北地区，指位于中国北部的区域。一般指秦岭-淮河线以北，长城以南的中国的广大区域。现时在政治、经济层面上指北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省共计四个省级行政单位。
华北地区包括：北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省和内蒙古自治区中部即锡林郭勒盟、乌兰察布市、包头市和呼和浩特市等四盟(市)。廣義上會將整个内蒙古都列入华北地区。
地理上华北地区的西缘是青藏高原东部还是黄土高原东部并无权威定义。自然地理学的传统说法是以阴山、贺兰山、乌鞘岭为华北自然地理区与西北自然地理区的分界线，把陕北、陇东、宁夏、河南也列入华北。这一分界线在自然地理上是中国的半干旱地区与干旱地区的分界线、东亚季风区与亚欧大陆非季风区的分界线，在气候地理上也是重要分界线。
华北地区人口稠密，煤、铁资源丰富，同时还有金、钼、铝土等一批矿产资源 。是中国重要的粮、棉、油产区。但水资源的严重不足已越来越明显地制约着本区工农业生产的发展 。
半干旱气候

半干旱气候，又称草原气候，是降水量低于潜在的蒸散量，但又不像干旱气候那么极端的一种气候类型。柯本气候分类法提供的更精确定义是生态特征在沙漠气候和潮湿气候之间的气候。本气候的植被主要是灌木丛生植物，通常由禾本科植物或灌木覆盖。
若一个地区的年平均降水量低于规定值，但高于规定值的一半，则列入BS。
在柯本气候分类法中，半干旱气候分为低纬度热草原气候（BSh）和中纬度冷草原气候（BSk）两个亚型。
温带干旱半干旱气候

温带干旱半干旱气候，其中温带干旱气候又称温带沙漠气候，温带半干旱气候又称温带草原气候。是周淑貞氣候分類法裡中緯度氣候帶的一種氣侯類型，此外，在柯本气候分类法中也有这一气候类型，代号为BWk和BSk。
冬冷夏热，年温差大，降水集中夏季 ，年雨量未达600mm，四季分明，大陆性强。
该气候区在北半球占有很大面积，分布在北纬35-50的亚洲和北美大陆中心部分，终年在大陆气团控制下，因此气候干燥。在南半球中，南美洲阿根廷的大西洋冷洋流沿岸，正当西风带的雨影区域，又有安第斯山脉屏峙，西风过山后下沉，因此形成全年少雨的巴塔哥尼亚干旱气候区。
温带半干旱气候区，因水分条件较好，对应植被类型为温带草原，典型土壤为黑钙土；温带干旱气候对应植被类型为温带荒漠，土壤是荒漠土。
中华人民共和国最长河流列表

中华人民共和国境内河流众多，其中河川流域面积超过1万平方千米的河流有228条，总长度13.25万千米，年均径流量居世界第六。世界最长的十条河流中，有三条流经中国。
中国境内河流起源自三大不同地带：青藏高原的东南缘，源自此处的河流源远流长；大兴安岭－冀晋山地－豫西山地－云贵高原连线地区，这些河流的水流量通常较小；长白山地－山东丘陵－东南沿海山地连线地区，河川长度和流域都不及前两地，但水量丰沛。中国的河流以外流河为主，注入太平洋、印度洋和北冰洋三大洋，其中以太平洋外流河居多（流域面积占中国国土面积的56.7%）。中国内流、外流区域的分界线是大兴安岭－阴山－贺兰山－祁连山东部－巴颜喀拉山－冈底斯山，这条线以西的河流多为内流河，内流面积约占全国土地的三分之一，但总河水量不到5%。中国有七大水系，从北到南依次为松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江和珠江，其中包含了中国大部分河流。
本列表罗列出流经中国境内，且境内部分长度在1000千米以上的河流。
表示该河的干流有部分位于中国境外（即跨界河流）。
中国是世界上最早开凿运河的文明之一，其中京杭大运河是世界上最长的人工运河。现代社会中，已知调水规模最大的工程是中国的南水北调工程。
中国兵器工业集团

中国兵器工业集团有限公司，又称中国北方工业集团有限公司（英語：China North Industries Group Corporation Limited，缩写为NORINCO），是中华人民共和国一家主要从事军事装备研发、生产、制造的特大型中央企业。
兵器工业集团是中华人民共和国国务院授权国务院国有资产监督管理委员会管理的国有特大型企业集团以及中国最大的武器装备制造集团，公司主要涉及坦克和装甲车的研制，以及弹药供应。2012年，集团主营业务收入3616亿元，根据《财富》杂志的最新排名，兵器集团在世界500强中排名第161位。
2014年主營業務收入4002億元，實現利潤108.6億元，實現經濟增加值72.6億元，成本費用率控制在97.73%，全部達到國務院國資委考核A級的要求。
公司在1980年由中国国务院批准成立，为当时的第五机械工业部领导下的进出口公司。背景是国家政策允许国务院各部委自办进出口公司、自营进出口贸易。
此后，中国北方工业公司成为在国外代表中国兵器工业的窗口公司。
1993年，北方工业大部分除霰弹枪以外的武器被美国海关禁止进口美国。2003年，美国又以“向伊朗销售导弹相关武器”为由，全面禁止美国进口北方工业产品两年，现已解禁。
1999年7月，在原中国兵器工业总公司基础上改组成立。2011年9月14日，為消除誤解，集團已取消「中国北方工业（集团）总公司」、「CNGC」、以及齿轮与铁塔的组合造型作为集团公司的对外司徽。
2013年5月，中国兵器工业集团公司设立董事会，尹家绪任中国兵器工业集团公司董事长，焦开河任中国兵器工业集团公司总经理、董事。
2021年10月，中國最高人民檢察院今(25日)早公布，因涉嫌嚴重違紀違法，已正式逮捕中國兵器工業集團有限公司前黨組書記兼董事長尹家緒。同年9月30日，遭到开除党籍处分。
中国北方工业有限公司（英語：Norinco），简称北方工业，是一家综合型国际防务公司，具有遍布全球的经营网络，业务涉及防务产品、石油、矿产、国际经济技术合作及民品专业化经营等五大领域。在国际军贸市场，北方工业主要以其高科技防务产品和服务而闻名，包括坦克装甲车辆、压制武器、制导武器、弹药、机载武器系统、舰炮产品、防空系统、岸防和边境监控、无人平台、雷达和光电产品、步兵武器、反恐防暴、工程装备及军工项目等。
中国北方航空6136号班机空难

中國北方航空6136號班機空難（又稱5·7空難，大连空难）是2002年5月7日發生在中華人民共和國遼寧省大連市的一起空難事件。班機當天從北京首都國際機場飛往大連周水子國際機場，在向周水子機場進近的過程中失控墜毀在大連港外側海面，機上103名乘客和9名機組人員全部遇難。
這次空難是中國發生的第一起客機失事墜海空難，亦是中國民航一個月時間內發生的第二起空難：4月15日，中國國際航空129號班機在降落大韓民國釜山金海國際機場時墜毀，機上包括機組人員在內共128人罹難，38人生還。
中國官方媒體新華社在2002年12月7日公佈了空難的調查結果，調查認定機上乘客张丕林縱火導致空難的發生。
中國北方航空6136號班機（航班編號CBF／CJ6136）是一班由北京首都國際機場飛往大連周水子國際機場的中國北方航空定期班機。班機在當天20時37分從北京首都國際機場起飛，預計21時40分抵達大連周水子國際機場。
21时22分，飛機正在向機場進近中，此時班機高度約為1200米；突然，机长王永祥向大连周水子机场塔台報告，飞机客舱冒烟。紧接着又二次报告，飞机驾驶舱冒烟。21时24分，班機与塔台失去联系，并很快在雷达显示屏上消失。驾驶员与地面最后通话说：“客舱有火！”。正在海上作业辽大甘渔0998号渔船上的船员们看到飞机拖着火焰急速坠入海中，並發出沉沒的巨响。
大连市公安局指挥中心在21时40分接到目击者报告，并报有关部门核实。不久後有关部门启动搜寻救援程序，辽宁省和大连市调集多艘船只开往飞机失事海域展开搜救。
飞机坠落在北纬38度57.063分，东经121度39.941分，飞机尾翼坠落在北纬38度57.129分，东经121度40.175分。墜落地點離機場的主跑道僅20公里。
失事飛機機型為麥道MD-82，飛機註冊編號B-2138，使用兩具普惠JT8D-217A（英语：Pratt & Whitney JT8D）引擎，生產編號為49522/1702，是麥道公司授權上海飛機製造廠組裝的MD-82中的一架，中方组装序列号為23。
失事飛機於1990年首飛，翌年7月21日交付，是北航30架MD-82中的一架。直至空難發生前，飛機共累計飛行26000個小時並完成16000個起降。3月27日至4月2日飛機曾進行5A檢查。
飛機曾在1993年的一個月時間內被兩度劫機：11月12日，飛機在執行由长春飞往福州的「中國北方航空6353號班機」時，被韩书学和李向誉劫持至臺灣中正國際機場（現臺灣桃園國際機場），機上一名乘务员被刺伤。26天後的12月8日，飛機在執行“沈阳－青岛－福州”航線的「中國北方航空6517號班機」時，被青島籍人高軍挾持至同一個機場。
飛機殘骸在大連以東20公里處的黃海中被發現。
5月7日22时10分，“连港21”号拖轮首先到達现场，报告失事地點的准确位置，通知大连海上交管中心实施交通管制。第一具尸体在5月7日22时43分被搜救人員打撈起，而第一塊機身殘骸則在5月13日15時43分打撈出水。5月14日3時，飛機最重的一塊殘骸——飛機發動機被打撈出水。
5月8日11時，在大連港外側行駛的大連海事局“海巡021號”指揮船探測到飛機黑匣子的信號。飛機的第一個黑匣子（座艙通話記錄器）在5月14日15时05分被潜水员马有坚捞出。16时45分，潜水员姜志勤报告摸到第二个黑匣子。17時15分，第二个黑匣子的信标器被潜水员姜志勤打捞出水；17时20分，海军某部潜水员苏景忠开始下水一起打捞第二个黑匣子。烟台救捞局潜水员刘义志在18时浮出水面；潜水员苏景忠仍在水底打捞第二个黑匣子。飛機第一個黑匣子在14日19时运到北京，送往民航总局航空安全技术中心進行分析。而飛機的第二个黑匣子（飞行数据记录器）則在5月18日14时52分被交通部烟台救捞局潜水员陈受吉打捞出水。
空難的集中打撈和搜尋行動於5月25日20时結束。在打撈作業中，军队共出动船只128艘，累计出船1,331艘次、6,955小时；军民参加搜救打捞人员共计17,838人次；抽调潜水作业人员64人，累计潜水作业672人次，作业时间697小时。共打捞出92位遇难者的遗体或遗骸及部分遇难者遗物，并将包括舱音记录器、飞行数据记录器、飞机发动机等在内的几千件（片）飞机残骸打捞出水。
机长王永祥生於1967年，當時是北方航空公司技术训练科科长，擁有11,000多小时的飞行时间；副驾驶生於1973年，飞行时间達3,300多小时。两人的驾驶执照和体检执照均有效，在失事前一天所做的小体检也正常。
機上103名乘客中，有三名中國籍乘客為兒童；時任中国青年女足守门员教练杨昆峰搭乘本班機回家，中交水运规划院到大連出差的八名職工亦因本次空難而死亡。
空難中死亡的香港人是港龙航空的26歲女職員，她是港龍航空駐大连地区首席代表，港龍航空在5月8日發表聲明說，公司对此次意外深表悲恸。港龙航空的高级职员已代表公司接触该员工家属，并承诺提供任何协助。
国务院“5·7”空难处理领导小组在空難後成立，並於5月8日3時到達現場。3時40分，空難處理小組召開緊急會議，聽取遼寧省和大連市對空難緊急救援的情況介紹，隨後乘船到出事海域察看現場。
美国国家运输安全委员会（NTSB）在美國當地時間5月8日宣布派遣調查小組協助中方調查。調查小組共5人，由NTSB高級調查員艾爾·迪金生（Al Dickinson）率領，隨同的還有四名分別來自美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）、波音和引擎生產商普惠公司的代表。
新華社於2002年12月7日發布了調查結論，認定機上乘客张丕林為縱火者，並導致本次空難。据发布的证据如下：
所有的证据都指向了张丕林是6136号航班失事的罪魁祸首。
根据调查拼出来的案发过程:6136航班正在向周水子机场降落，但张丕林纵火导致的火焰和烟雾的状况此时出现。由于机场位于市中心，为了居民区和附近化工厂的安全，机组成员决定放弃在机场降落而改在海上寻求迫降。但火灾发生于机尾，乘客们出于求生本能全部逃往没有被烈火波及的机头部位，导致飞机重心偏移；而张的纵火将他座位下方的控制电缆破坏，让机组难以从危机中改出。飞机在飞越了机场，居民区和储油厂后无法再承受，以机头朝下且较快速地坠入了离储油厂不远的大连湾中。
鉴于张丕林本人已死，无法直接追究其责任，而其真正的作案动机随着他的死去无法定论。
张丕林登机之前，曾在6家保险公司为自己購買了7份航意险，如果按照正常程序進行赔偿，其家属總共可獲约140万元人民幣的保险金。但由於张丕林是纵火者，空难发生后，6家保险公司向张丕林的母亲金桂贞送达了《拒赔通知书》。保險公司根据《中华人民共和国保险法》第64条、第66条和《航空旅客人身意外伤害保险条款》第三条第一款、第二款的规定，对张丕林投保的航空旅客人身意外伤害保险不予赔偿。雖然金桂贞上诉至北京西城法院，要求保險公司賠付并承担全部诉讼费用，但法院支持了保险公司的拒赔要求。
尽管此次空难是人为破坏的刑事案件，与飞机任何都无关，但机场的安检疏漏与悲剧的发生有不可开脱的关系。为杜绝类似的事情再次发生，中国民航总局在全国升级了安检设备和规矩，加强了对液体方面的检查，开始要求携带液体的乘客需口服一口后才能放行。后来在2007年5月1日跟随国际民航组织的新条例，彻底规定了带上飞机的液体不得超过100ml。
「张丕林縱火案」被選入2002年12月29日《检察日报》编委会評選的“2002年中国国内十大法制新闻”中。。
中国北方航空

中国北方航空公司（曾用IATA航空公司代码“CJ”）组建于1990年6月16日，是当时中国民航总局直属六大骨干航空公司之一。以沈阳桃仙国际机场为运营基地，下辖吉林、大连两家分公司， 还在海南三亚参与合营北亚航空公司，与黑龙江省合营天鹅航空公司。曾主要经营152条航线，其中国际航线16条，通往6个国家和地区的12个城市。公司曾于1996年、1999年两次荣获了中国民航总局颁发的航空安全“金鹰杯”。
根据2002年中国民航改革重组战略，当年10月，中国北方航空公司与中国南方航空公司、新疆航空公司組成新的中国南方航空股份有限公司。重组后，中国北方航空公司正式启用“中国南方航空集团北方公司”的名称，并统一使用IATA航空公司代码“CZ”。分公司总部，依旧设立在沈阳。但是根据国家市场监督管理总局国家企业信用信息公示系统数据显示，中国北方航空公司的注册信息仍以中国南方航空集团全资子公司的形式处于存续状态，中国南方航空集团北方公司的部分招标信息等也以北方航空公司的名义发布。
北方航空的部分空中客车A300曾于2000年曾租予泰国天使航空。
大运河

大运河包括京杭大运河、浙东运河、隋唐大运河。京杭大运河和浙东运河北起北京，南至宁波，途径天津市、河北省、山东省、安徽省、江苏省、浙江省诸省市。隋唐大运河则以洛阳为中心，北到涿州，南到余杭（今杭州），途径现在的河南、安徽、江苏、浙江、山东、河北诸省。大运河对中国经济的繁荣和稳定起到了重要作用，时至今日仍对区域的交流起到促进作用。
2006年，京杭大运河被列为第六批全国重点文物保护单位，2013年公布第七批全国重点文物保护单位，将浙东运河和隋唐大运河与第六批全国重点文物保护单位京杭大运河合并，名称改为“大运河”，共有96处（参见：大运河文物保护单位子项列表）。2014年6月22日，大运河被列为世界文化遗产。第八批全国重点文物保护单位增补江苏省淮安市的板闸遗址和北京市的通州燃灯塔为大运河子项。
在2014年的第38届世界遗产委员会会议上，批准了以“大运河”为登录名列入世界遗产名录，登陆地包括河道遗产27段，以及运河水工遗存、运河附属遗存、运河相关遗产共计31个组成部分，58处遗产，河道总长度1011公里。
该世界遗产被认为满足世界遺產登錄基準中的以下基準而予以登錄：
大运河世界遗产共有31处组成部分