Meisner technique

The Meisner technique is an approach to acting developed by American theatre practitioner Sanford Meisner.
The goal of the Meisner approach is for the actor to not focus on themselves and instead concentrate on the other actors in the immediate environment. To this end, some exercises for the Meisner technique are rooted in repetition so that the words are deemed insignificant compared to the underlying emotion. In the Meisner technique, there is a greater focus on the other actor as opposed to one's internal thoughts or feelings associated with the character. The Meisner technique is different from method acting taught by Lee Strasberg, although both developed from the early teachings of Konstantin Stanislavski.
Meisner training is an interdependent series of training exercises that build on one another. The more complex work supports a command of dramatic text. Students work on a series of progressively complex exercises to develop an ability to first improvise, then to access an emotional life, and finally to bring the spontaneity of improvisation and the richness of personal response to textual work. The techniques developed the behavioral strand of Stanislavski's. The technique is used to develop improvisation skills as well as "interpreting a script, and creating the specific physical characteristics of each character the actor played".
An example of a technique Meisner invented to train actors' responses is called the Repetition Exercise:
Sanford Meisner began developing his approach to acting technique while working with the Group Theatre alongside director Lee Strasberg and actress Stella Adler. He continued developing his approach over the next fifty years while working with actors as head of the acting program at New York City's Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre as well as while training actors in his private classes outside the Neighborhood Playhouse. During his lifetime he continued working toward a refinement in his ideas toward acting and in his approach to training actors, dropping some exercises he considered to be less effective along the way, while adding new ones he created to help solve the actor's problems in learning the craft.
In 1980, a group of his alumni got together to preserve his teachings for future generations. Sydney Pollack directed a master class taught by Sanford Meisner. It was transferred to digital film in 2006.
Meisner set out his approach to actor training in a co-authored book that offers a fly-on-the-wall view of his teaching practice, Sanford Meisner: On Acting (1987). More recent historical research documents his early career as a classical pianist, studying at the precursor to the Juilliard School. Several sources suggest that his musical training led Meisner to emphasise listening as the guiding principle for an actor throughout Meisner Technique. A biography published in 2017 offers insight into Meisner's later life with his partner James Carville and their adopted son Boolu.
The Neighborhood Playhouse was originally founded as an off-Broadway theatre by philanthropists Alice and Irene Lewisohn in 1915. After closing in 1927, it re-opened the following year as the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre, with the addition of Rita Wallach Morgenthau. Sanford Meisner, who was one of the founding members of the Group Theatre (along with Stella Adler, Bobby Lewis, Harold Clurman, and Lee Strasberg), joined the faculty of the Neighborhood Playhouse in 1935. Over the years, he developed and refined what is now known as the Meisner Technique. On October 18, 2018, the New York City Council officially recognized the 90th anniversary of the Neighborhood Playhouse, and Meisner's contributions to the school, with an official Proclamation.
The William Esper Studio was founded in 1965 as a school for the performing arts in Manhattan, New York. Its founder, William "Bill" Esper (1932–2019), is occasionally referred to as the best-known of Meisner's first generation teachers.
Actors who have trained in the Meisner technique include: