davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Transpacific crossing

Transpacific crossings are voyages of passengers and cargo across the Pacific Ocean between Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Transpacific voyages frequently cross the International Date Line. The first recorded crossing of the Pacific was achieved by Spain's historic Magellan expedition in March 1521. Commercial transpacific flights have been available since 1935.
The Spanish expedition of the Portuguese explorer Magellan was the first to cross the Pacific in 1521 and the one to give the ocean its name. After discovering and crossing the Strait of Magellan in November 1520, the expedition sailed northwest across the Pacific for over three months and reached the Philippines in March 1521. Juan Sebastian Elcano would continue the expedition to complete the first world circumnavigation in 1522. The first navigator to cross the Pacific from west to east was Andres de Urdaneta, who discovered the easterly route across the Pacific from the Philippines to Mexico in 1565.
The first transpacific trade route in history was the Spanish Manila galleon route which lasted from 1565 to 1815 and followed navigator Andres de Urdaneta's discovery of the easterly route or tornaviaje in 1565. It ended two and a half centuries later, when most Pacific ports became open to world trade.
Other early transpacific voyages include those of Spanish navigators García Jofre de Loaísa in 1526, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón in 1527, Alvaro de Mendaña in 1567 and 1595, and Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1606. Another early navigator to cross the Pacific from Asia to the Americas was Francisco Gali who completed this journey in 1584.
In the 19th century, the first liners built specially for the transpacific ocean service were the "Empress" vessels of the Canadian Pacific Railway. After the railway reached the Pacific seaboard in 1885, the liners began operation in 1891.
In 1928, Charles Kingsford Smith and his crew were the first to cross the Pacific by flight. Smith and Australian aviator, Charles Ulm, arrived in the United States and began to search for an aircraft. Famed Australian polar explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins sold them a Fokker F.VII/3m monoplane, which they named the Southern Cross. Ulm was the relief pilot. The other crewmen were Americans, they were James Warner, the radio operator, and Captain Harry Lyon, the navigator and engineer.
In 1935, the beginning of commercial transpacific flights to and from California began operation. On November 22, 1935, "Pan American Airlines' China Clipper launched its first transpacific flight, covering a distance of 8,000 miles". The route was ready for passenger service by October 1936.
Between March and April 2019, the blind sailor Matsuhiro Iwamoto of Japan and Doug Smith of the United States sailed from San Diego, United States to Fukushima, Japan, making Iwamoto the first blind sailor to cross the Pacific non-stop. Iwamoto's first attempt in 2013 failed when his boat hit a whale.
1947 Snares Islands expedition

The 1947 Snares Islands expedition was an expedition undertaken between November 1947 and December 1947 to research the birds and other biodiversity of the Snares Islands.
The expedition set out to collect specimens to be exhibited at the American Museum of Natural History. It would also focus on researching seabirds in the Snares Islands.
The expedition departed Bluff aboard the launch Alert, captained by Captain A. J. Black, on 21 November 1947. It travelled to Half Moon Bay and Port Pegasus, where bad weather kept it ashore for two days, before landing at Snares Island on 24 November.
Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition

The Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) was an expedition from 1947–1948 which researched the area surrounding the head of the Weddell Sea in Antarctica.
Finn Ronne led the RARE which was the final privately sponsored expedition from the United States and explored and mapped the last unknown coastline on earth and determined that the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea were not connected. The expedition included Isaac Schlossbach, as second in command, who was to have Cape Schlossbach named after him. The expedition, based out of Stonington Island was the first to take women to over-winter. Ronne's wife, Edith Ronne was correspondent for the North American Newspaper Alliance for expedition and the chief pilot Darlington took his wife.
Walis

Ang walis (Ingles: Broom) ay isang kagamitang panlinis na yari mula sa sintetikong plastik, buhok o hibla ng mais. Sa paglilinis, kadalasang ito katambal ay isang pandakot. May iba't ibang uri ng walis tulad ng walis tambo na ginagamit kadalasan na panwalis sa loob ng bahay at walis tingting na kadalasang ginagamit sa labas ng bahay o bakuran.
Ang walis tambo ay isang produkto sa Pilipinas na hango sa hibla ng mais ito ay ginagawa sa rehiyon ng Cordillera Administrative Region, Ang tambo rin ay gawa sa talahib o matataas na damo ang pangunahing panustos at bilihan nito ay matatagpuan sa lungsod ng Baguio, tinaguriang itong Banaue Broom o Walis Banaue.
Ang walis tingting ay isang produkto sa Pilipinas na mula sa hibla sa dahon ng puno ng buko. Ito ay ginagamit sa paglilinis kahit saang parte ng rehiyon dito sa Pilipinas at tanyag din maging sa ibang bansa.
Libman Company

The Libman Company is an American privately-held company that manufactures cleaning supplies, such as brooms, mops, toilet brushes, sponges, and various other household cleaning equipment. Libman is a market leader in the traditional cleaning tools segment. The company was established in 1896 in Chicago, Illinois by William Libman and has remained family-owned and operated. Its headquarters is currently located in Arcola, Illinois, where it employs 700 people at its facility. The company is notable for being one of the last-remaining manufacturers of corn brooms, as well as for internally manufacturing their own product components.
Cavendish Crescent, Bath

Cavendish Crescent in Bath, Somerset, England, is a Georgian crescent built in the early 19th century to a design by the architect John Pinch the elder. At 11 houses, it is the shortest of the seven Georgian crescents in Bath. It also has one of the plainest facades, with no central feature, the only decoration being the consoles over the central first floor window of each house.
Cavendish crescent was undertaken by William Broom, a builder by trade. Broom leased the land on which the crescent is built and then engaged Pinch to design the facade. However all did not go according to Broom's plans and he went bankrupt in 1825. The crescent was finished some 5 years later.
Sir William Holburne lived at No. 10 between 1829 and 1874. The house was home to his art collection, which was later formed into the Holburne Museum of Art, at the end of Great Pulteney Street.
Dust corner

Dust corners are triangle-shaped pieces, usually made of brass or nickel, that are used to prevent dust from accumulating in corners. Stair dust corners are used on staircases at the point where the tread, riser, and stringer meet. Dust corners make household chores such as sweeping and vacuuming more convenient. Stair dust corners originated in the 1880s, during the Victorian era. Dust corners typically have a small hole in the middle so a nail can be hammered into the stairs. Gail Caskey Winkler, author of Victorian Interior Decoration, believes dust corners originated in response to the public's new knowledge of the germ theory of disease.
Dust corners are most commonly found in older homes, but are still available for purchase in the 21st century. Vacuum cleaners have made dust corners largely obsolete, but dust corners are still used for decorative purposes and may make vacuum cleaning easier.
Retama

Retama (also known as rotem, Hebrew: רותם) is a genus of flowering bushes in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the broom tribe, Genisteae. Retama broom bushes are found natively in North Africa, the Levant and some parts of southern Europe. Retama raetam and Retama monosperma have white flowers, while Retama sphaerocarpa has yellow flowers. It remains an open question in taxonomy whether the members of the genus Retama should be incorporated into the genus Genista (see Genisteae).
The species contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid.
In the Spanish language the name retama is commonly used for broom bushes in general, including the genus Retama.
The genus Retama was erected in 1838 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, the genus name being derived from Hebrew, from the Jewish Bible. Rafinesque noted that the genus had been included in other genera, including Spartium, Cytisus and Genista, but he regarded it as distinct.
The name Lygos was once used for Retama; it is now a rejected name (nomen rejiciendum) in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Michel Adanson described and classified the genus referencing to the Greek plant "lygos" and to Pedanius Dioscorides. In the ancient Greek language, lygos (λύγος) was the name of the plant Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) or willow or other plants with pliant twigs. The same word (in some cases Latinized as Lygus) was used in botany and zoology for various taxonomic groups as a component of names, e.g. Lygodysodea, Lygisyum, Lygistum, Lygodesmia etc.
Retama is traditionally placed in the tribe Genisteae, and in the subfamily Papilionoideae in the 2017 classification of the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).
The number of species in the genus and their circumscription varies. As of September 2023, Plants of the World Online, based on the African Plant Database, accepted the following species:
R. rhodorhizoides is included in R. monosperma by some sources, and has been identified as R. raetam by others. When recognized as a separate species, it is restricted to the Canary Islands.
Retama may be mentioned in the Bible, in I Kings 19:4, Psalms 120:4, and Job 30:4, under the name rotem (Heb. רוֹתֶם/רֹתֶם). According to multiple Jewish biblical commentators, Retama is used in the Bible as a symbol of slander, as, when burnt, its embers will remain hot long after they turn black. However, this translation is contested, with other commentators translating the word as "juniper".
Procter & Gamble Philippines

Procter & Gamble Philippines, Inc. (also known as P&G Philippines) is the Philippine subsidiary of American multinational consumer goods company Procter & Gamble. It is a manufacturer of laundry detergents and soaps, shampoos and hair conditioners, toothpastes, deodorants, skin care products, household cleaners, toilet soaps and consumer healthcare products. Since 2016, the company is based in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig.
Procter & Gamble Philippines serves as part of The Procter & Gamble Company to produce, manufacture and supervise P&G brands (like Safeguard, Head & Shoulders, Tide, Downy, Ariel, among others) in the Philippine market. To maintain the needs of mass production of most of the products, the company also imports P&G products from neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and South Korea.
In 1935, P&G expanded its international presence with the acquisition of Philippine Manufacturing Company (PMC), making P&G Philippines, the company's first operational unit in the Far East and the second-oldest P&G subsidiary outside North America.
As part of expansion in 1964, Procter & Gamble merged with its Philippine counterpart to form the new company, Procter & Gamble PMC and adopted the Moon and Stars logo until 1989.
In 1989, Procter & Gamble PMC was renamed as Procter & Gamble Philippines. Originally displayed as its original plant in Tondo, Manila, and continues to be displayed in Cabuyao, Laguna.
Arpa de boca

Un arpa de boca es un tipo de lamelófono de metal o bambú. También es denominado como "guimbarda", "birimbao", "trompe", "jew's harp" (en inglés), entre otras.
Es un instrumento musical idiófono pequeño y bastante simple. Consta de un arco metálico —en el sudeste asiático este arco o armadura suele ser de bambú— con una lengüeta de acero en el medio. La forma de todo el instrumento recuerda a una φ. Usualmente la escotadura se sostiene con la boca del músico, y la cavidad bucal hace de caja de resonancia.
En la actualidad la mayoría de las arpas de boca poseen una especie de pequeña palanca aplicada perpendicularmente sobre la parte superior de la lengüeta, lo cual facilita su tañido con un dedo, usualmente el índice.
Su sonido es grave y monocorde, y en muchas ocasiones se usa como diapasón.
Se puede encontrar en muchas regiones del mundo por haber sido llevados en la antigüedad por viajantes, colonos y conquistadores. Ejemplos son Italia, Sicilia, Mongolia, Austria, China, Colombia y Costa Rica, diversas regiones montañosas de Europa, como también en América, donde se lo usó antiguamente en el norte de Brasil, en la región norte de Argentina por las comunidades tobas y wichís del Chaco, y sigue presente en las comunidades originarias mapuches, tanto del lado chileno como del argentino. Y también lo podemos encontrar en el sudeste asiático hecho de acero.
Aunque no es originario de la cultura mapuche se le conoce como trompe, se usó para enamorar y acompañar poesías y cantos en mapudungún, llamadas «romanceados» en español.
Es el sucesor en la cultura mapuche del kangkürkawe —un instrumento de cuerda— utilizado para los mismos fines, siendo este un tipo de arco musical hecho de una vara de laurel, maqui o tiaca tensada con una enredadera silvestre. Es llamado también como pawpawweñ o chinko por el nombre de la enredadera con que se construye (Luzuriaga radicans). También existen los chinko fijos, cuyo sonido proviene del viento (en este caso, la caja de resonancia es la propia casa).
Mientras que el trompe es ampliamente utilizado, el kangkürkawe se encuentra en desuso debido a la fuerza con que se adoptó el primero. Ambos instrumentos se asemejan en dos aspectos: en el sonido y la ejecución. Sin embargo, el kangkürkawe, aunque fácil de construir, no dura más de una semana, a diferencia del trompe, que bien cuidado puede durar varios años.
El nombre de «arpa de boca» deriva, casi sin duda, de dos elementos: el instrumento posee un arco que recuerda al marco de un arpa y, como esta, debe ser tañido con los dedos, pero, además, se toca apoyando el instrumento en la boca.
Recibe muchos otros nombres regionales; por ejemplo, «trompa gallega». Por el sonido que hace recuerda a otro instrumento muy diferente en estructura: el birimbao.
Perinola

La perinola o pirinola es un trompo de material duro que tiene en sus contornos distintas escrituras. Al hacerla girar y al detenerse deja una cara con la inscripción de la suerte por lo que se utiliza para jugar y hacer apuestas.
Preparativos: los jugadores fijan el valor de una apuesta y arman el pozo inicial colocando una apuesta cada uno. Se determina quien va a ser el primer jugador.
El juego comienza cuando el primer jugador hace girar la perinola con la mano, que es una especie de peonza con seis caras planas, en cada una de las cuales hay escrita una leyenda. Cuando la perinola deja de girar, el jugador en turno hace lo que dice la leyenda de la cara que haya quedado boca arriba; ésta, generalmente, ordena al jugador que tome o que deje cierta cantidad de fichas de la pila inicial. En caso de que la cantidad a tomar sea todo, el montón se vuelve a formar como al inicio del juego.
Queda fuera del juego aquel jugador que se queda sin elementos para apostar. Resulta ganador quien se queda con todos los elementos.
Camino de la Madera

La Autovía de la Madera es la denominación de la autovía chilena de peaje correspondiente a la Ruta CH-156, que recorre la región del Biobío, en el sur de Chile, desde San Pedro de la Paz hasta Coihue, bordeando el río Biobío y pasando por el corazón de la cordillera de Nahuelbuta.
Corresponde a la Concesión Camino de La Madera Sociedad Concesionaria S.A., la primera concesión de carreteras efectuada en el país. Esta concesión se encuentra en tela de juicio producto de repetidos derrumbes en el trazado a raíz de las constantes inundaciones provocadas por las crecidas del río Biobío, y la inseguridad del trazado sumamente sinuoso y altamente utilizado por camiones que transportan madera y productos de la actividad papelera y forestal.
Producto del fuerte terremoto en Chile magnitud 8,8, se produjeron agrietamientos y desniveles en la calzada, generándose 50 puntos críticos, 10 de ellos graves con grietas de medio metro a dos metros de profundidad.
Corporación Chilena de la Madera

La Corporación Chilena de la Madera, conocida por su acrónimo Corma, es una asociación gremial chilena que reúne a las empresas y personas relacionadas con el sector forestal y maderero en el país. Fundada en 1952, tiene su sede nacional en la ciudad de Concepción, en la Región del Biobío. Su lema es «Chile, país forestal».
Creada como una institución privada bajo el gobierno de Gabriel González Videla, con el objetivo de aunar a los particulares dedicados al rubro de la madera. Esto incluye a las empresas forestales, los ingenieros de madera y forestales, productores de derivados y subproductos de la madera, como la celulosa, el papel y el cartón, dueños de viveros y aserraderos, transportistas de madera, exportadores, etc.​ Además de representar al rubro ante las autoridades políticas y contribuir mediante alianzas público-privadas, en el desarrollo de políticas públicas relacionadas.
A partir del año 1994, la corporación emite el «Certificado de Certificación Laboral CORMA», el cual acredita las habilidades y competencias de los trabajadores de la madera.​
En el año 2001, la asociación creó «Madera21», una agrupación dedicada a la promoción del uso de la madera, en áreas como la arquitectura, el diseño, la ingeniería, la construcción y como biomasa para uso de energías renovables, con la innovación y tecnologías presentes en el siglo XXI, difundiendo a su vez políticas de desarrollo sustentable y ciudado al medioambiente.​
En mayo de 2019, hizo su ingreso oficial a la Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura (SNA).​
La Corma realiza congresos y seminarios, referentes al uso de la madera en Chile, así como también ferias y exposiciones con la misma temática. Asimismo, contribuyen en la educación ambiental referente a los bosques, la silvicultura, la flora y fauna nacional, la prevención de los de incendios forestales, entre otros temas.​ Asimismo, realizan seguimientos, recopilación de información y denuncias, como también apoyan otras acciones legales vinculadas a la persecución del robo de madera en Chile.​
Cuentan con una biblioteca digital que también sirve de repositorio con todos los trabajos realizados por expertos en relación con el rubro maderero y forestal en Chile.
Guitarrón chileno

El guitarrón chileno es un instrumento de cuerda pulsada típico de Chile con forma de guitarra, con 25 o 24 (raramente) cuerdas. Es tocado por los campesinos huasos principalmente como acompañamiento instrumental para el género tradicional chileno de cantar poesía conocido como «canto a lo poeta», pero algunos virtuosos también han comenzado a desarrollar las posibilidades solistas del instrumento.​​ Sus intérpretes son llamados guitarroneros.​​​
Es un cordófono de 25 cuerdas, cuyo origen se remonte, quizá, a las postrimerías del siglo XVI. Se lo utiliza para acompañar el llamado canto a lo poeta,​ junto al cual se ha desarrollado.
Es el instrumento musical preferido de payadores y cantores a lo divino, seguido de la guitarra traspuesta y el rabel. Aunque su nombre pueda sugerir que se trata de un instrumento derivado de la guitarra, su diseño, afinación y modo de ejecutar lo emparentan más con los cordófonos renacentistas y barrocos, sobre todo con la vihuela y algo menos con los archilaúdes.
Para muchos este es un instrumento genuinamente rural, aunque en los últimos años haya vivido una recuperación de su práctica y construcción en zonas urbanas.
Si bien se le usa mayormente para acompañar entonaciones de versos a lo humano y lo divino, sirve también como intérprete de cuecas, tonadas, valses y polcas. Su carácter solemne, su renombrada antigüedad y la belleza de los recursos sonoros que posee, lo han convertido con los años en un perfecto acompañante para actividades ceremoniales, llevándolo desde las ruedas de cantores hasta las misas en que va apareciendo cada vez con más frecuencia.
Está construido de madera y, como en la mayor parte de los cordófonos derivados del laúd y la vihuela, se distinguen cuatro secciones en su construcción:
Daniel Barros Grez

Daniel Barros Grez​ (Colchagua, 1834-Quillota, 1904)​ fue un escritor, ingeniero y diputado chileno,​ considerado uno de los padres del teatro nacional.​
Sus padres fueron Manuel Barros y Concepción Grez.​
Se educó en el Instituto Nacional y en la Universidad de Chile. Se tituló como ingeniero civil en 1850;​​ se dedicó a ejercer esta profesión, pero la mayor parte del tiempo se dedicó a la literatura, escribiendo en distintos géneros (fábulas, dramas y novelas, entre otros). Mucha de su obra se clasifica dentro del costumbrismo. Diez años después, ingresó como profesor a la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, donde dio su discurso Modo de estudiar la naturaleza, que quedó publicada en los Anales de la Universidad de Chile. Combinó su carrera de ingeniero con su gusto por la literatura, convirtiéndose en un importante fabulista chileno.
Es autor de muchas obras literarias y científicas. Con sus estudios topográficos, publicó procedimientos para copiar planos en 1862. Años después, la universidad aprobó como texto de estudio su tratado de topografía Excepciones de la naturaleza.
Fue diputado suplente por Curicó de 1861 a 1864.​
En 1875 se premió un invento mecánico suyo para distribuir las aguas de regadío. En 1885 fue llamado a dotar de agua potable a la ciudad de Guayaquil, por petición del gobierno de Ecuador.​
Daniel Barros Grez murió en Quillota en año 1904.
° " Cada oveja con su pareja" ( 1879 )
Museo Alemán del Juguete

El Museo Alemán del Juguete (en alemán Deutsche Spielzeugmuseum) es un museo que se encuentra en Sonneberg en el estado de Turingia. Se fundó en 1901 por iniciativa del profesor Pablo Kuntze (1867-1953) siendo el más antiguo entre los museos del juguetes en Alemania.
Cuando se fundó era sólo una colección de juguetes sin embargo hoy cuenta con cerca de 100.000 objetos, de los que casi 60.000 son juguetes. Entre algunas de sus exposiciones más señaladas están las muñecas de porcelana de Turingia del siglo XIX, muchas de ellas creadas por Käthe Kruse, los juguetes de madera de diversas regiones, varios juguetes del antiguo Egipto y otros empleados en la antigüedad en Grecia y Roma. Una mención especial merece la feria Thüringer que consiste en un grupo de figuras casi de tamaño natural representando una escena en la feria. El fabricante de juguetes de Sonneberg recibió por dichos trabajos un primer premio en la Exposición Universal de 1910 en Bruselas.
Juguete rústico

El concepto de juguete rústico tiende a reagrupar todos los juguetes que, en todos los tiempos y lugares fueron fabricados por y para los niños con medios caseros. Los modelos se transmiten a través de los mayores, se modifican según los gustos y los recursos naturales de los entornos y de las estaciones, o se crean al paso de la imaginación de cada uno.
Porque rus en latín significa el campo, y estos juguetes proceden esencialmente del medio rural. La palabra rústico conserva pues aquí su significado noble, el que nos devuelve a nuestra raíces y nos relaciona con el medio natural.
Los juguetes rústicos son elaborados:
Debido a su adecuación a los gustos y a las necesidades universales de los niños, algunos han atravesado milenios y siguen inspirando las modas, sin hacerles la competencia ni sufrirla por parte de ellas.
Tren de juguete

Un tren de juguete es un juguete que representa un tren. La principal diferencia entre un tren de juguete y el modelismo ferroviario es su bajo costo y durabilidad respecto al modelismo a escala.​ Los materiales empleados para su fabricación son madera, plástico o metal.​ Los trenes de juguete pueden comercializarse con una vía para circular sobre ella o no, y pueden funcionar mediante electricidad, un mecanismo de cuerda o incluso a vapor. También se pueden vender en conjunto o por piezas separadas (solo la locomotora o los vagones). El apelativo «tren de juguete» se usa para algunos trenes de pequeño tamaño pero igualmente funcionales, como el Ferrocarril Darjeeling del Himalaya.​
Los primeros trenes de juguete estaban hechos de plomo y carecían de partes móviles. Algunos tenían ruedas que giraban, pero debían ser arrastrados a mano. Algunos de los trenes de juguete de principios del siglo XIX fueron fabricados con planchas de plata, que posteriormente se pintaban usualmente de color rojo y dorado, siendo decoradas con motivos florales o corazones. A partir de 1875, los avances tecnológicos permitieron estampar, cortar, rodar y litografiar los trenes de juguete.​
Los trenes de juguete progresaron enormemente cuando la compañía alemana Märklin, hasta entonces especializada en accesorios para casas de muñecas, buscó crear un juguete equivalente para los chicos, donde se podía asegurar un flujo constante de ingresos mediante la venta de accesorios adicionales después de la compra inicial. Aparte de las cajas que contenían un tren y una vía férrea por donde circular, Märklin comercializó otros productos como material rodante adicional y edificios vendidos por separado, originando el predecesor para la distribución de maquetas modernas de trenes con edificios y paisajes.​ Desde entonces, los trenes se han convertido en uno de los regalos más vendidos, especialmente en fechas navideñas,​ utilizados a menudo para decorar en la parte inferior del árbol de Navidad.​
Aunque dentro del modelismo ferroviario el término «tren de juguete» designa una reproducción de un tren que no es totalmente fiel a un prototipo real, los trenes de juguete no están del todo excluidos de esta afición, especialmente si sirven para reproducir una red en miniatura. Los fanáticos de los trenes de juguete europeos se reúnen en el European Ferroviphile Circle (EFC), establecida en 1982.​
Los primeros estándares para los trenes de juguetes fueron introducidos por Märklin en Leipzig, Alemania, en 1891.
Paterna del Madera

Paterna del Madera (antiguamente hasta 1916 Paterna)​ es un municipio español situado al sureste de la península ibérica, en la provincia de Albacete, dentro de la comunidad autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. Se encuentra en el valle del río Madera, afluente del río Mundo, en el centro de la antigua sierra de Alcaraz y está asociada a la mancomunidad de servicios de la sierra del Segura.
Paterna del Madera está a 79 km de distancia geográfica de la capital de la provincia. Por carretera se llega desde Alcaraz, pasando por el puerto del Barrancazo (110 km a Albacete); desde Riópar, por el de Crucetillas; o desde Peñas de San Pedro y Bogarra (88 km a Albacete).
En la localidad y sus pedanías, podemos encontrar distintos parajes naturales dignos de ser visitados:​
El municipio albaceteño se encuentra en un paraje natural protegido, por lo que su flora y su fauna cobran gran importancia. Existe un predominio absoluto del pinar (pino blanco), un árbol muy resistente al frío invierno y al calor. También hay variedad de pino resiento y pino de carrasco. Algunos árboles singulares:​
En cuanto a la fauna, podemos encontrar grande mamíferos (ciervos, cabras montesas, jabalíes), menores (zorros, gatos salvajes, linces), aves rapaces (águila real, halcones, gavilanes), así como gran variedad de anfibios y otras aves.
Existe una red de senderos creado por la asociación de amigos. La Asociación de amigos de Paterna del Madera es una asociación sin ánimo de lucro que trabaja durante años en la promoción del pueblo, organizando eventos tales como la Matanza o la Semana Gastronómica y que está a disposición de ayudar a todo el que visite la localidad a través de su página web. Su red de senderos,​ que cuenta con una treintena de rutas perfectamente marcadas y que se pueden seguir a través de su app, está formadas por rutas desde 10 a 25 km, divididas en grandes, medianas y pequeñas rutas y que varían en dificultad, para que todos los amantes del senderismo puedan acceder a ellas.
Hasta la reforma de la nomenclatura municipal de 1916 el municipio se llamaba simplemente Paterna. En dicha fecha su nombre fue modificado por el de Paterna del Madera.​
Comprende las pedanías de Batán del Puerto (10 km), Casa Nueva, Casa Rosa, Los Catalmarejos (11 km), sierra del Agua (12 km), Cortijo de Tortas (6,7 km), Río Madera (13 km) y El Encebrico. En algunas de ellas no vive nadie, como en esta última, cuyo nombre se refiere a la presencia del encebro o caballo salvaje en esta zona durante la Edad Media. Le Peñuela, que hoy día ya pocos la conocen.
Cuenta con una población de 339 habitantes (INE 2024).
Latin American Yo-Yo Contest

Latin American Yo-Yo Contest (LYYC) is the South American competition of yo-yo organized and sanctioned by the International Yo-Yo Federation (IYYF), and is one of 4 annual multi-national yo-yo competitions from which winners receive seeds to compete in the semi-finals of the annual World Yo-Yo Contest.
This event is called Campeonato Latinoamericano de Yo-yo in Spanish.
LYYC had 5 title divisions, 1 non-title division, and 2 national divisions in 2015.
There was a plan to promote the international contest for yo-yo in America continent before LYYC. Isaac Kanarek, the president of Mexican Yo-Yo Association (AMYY) tried to promote North American Yo-Yo Championship in 2010 but it had been cancelled.
In addition, Gregory Cohen the founder of World Yo-Yo Contest (WYYC) tried to promote Pan American International Yo-Yo Contest as the American Continental contest on June 30, July 1 & 2 2014 but it was also cancelled.
After International Yo-Yo Federation (IYYF) in 2013, Kanarek offered the international contest for South American nations to give Latin players chance to participate in world contest during annual meeting in 2014 WYYC Prague. His proposal was accepted. This was the start of Latin American Yo-Yo Contest.
The 60 competitors came from 5 nations from the American continents.
¿Por qué diablos?

¿Por qué diablos? (literally "Why Devils?", although it can also mean Why the hell?, itself a pun on the main character's nickname, "Diablo") is a 1999-2000 Colombian telenovela produced by Cenpro TV and broadcast on Canal Uno. It starred Manolo Cardona, Marcela Carvajal, Paola Rey, and Victor Mallarino. It was directed by Sergio Osorio.
The telenovela focuses on a poor teenage boy named Juan Cantor (A.K.A. Juan Diablo), part of an international ring of underage thieves. After his best friend dies in a shooting, he decides to avenge his friend's death by killing the head of the organization, La Araña (The Spider). He uses his skills to gain the trust of the Leader and that way gets closer to him. The young man is later sent to a juvenile facility, and there, he falls in love with his psychologist who was also the wife of his boss.
As of May 2008 Telemundo was planning on including a remake of the series in its 2008-09 U.S. prime-time television lineup. It later came to be known as Más Sabe el Diablo, broadcast in 2009.
The series is considered an example of depiction of the violence in Colombian society.
Autopoiética Tour

The Autopoiética Tour is the concert tour by Chilean-Mexican singer-songwriter Mon Laferte in support of her eight studio album, Autopoiética (2023). It began on February 29, 2024, in Puebla, Mexico, with shows across the Americas and Europe. The tour will conclude in Viña del Mar, Chile, on November 23, comprising 54 shows.
The following set list was obtained from the concert held on March 21, 2024, at the Palacio de los Deportes in Mexico City, Mexico. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.
Mallet

A mallet is a tool used for imparting force on another object, often made of rubber or sometimes wood, that is smaller than a maul or beetle, and usually has a relatively large head.
The term is descriptive of the overall size and proportions of the tool, and not the materials it may be made of, though most mallets have striking faces that are softer than steel.
Mallets are used in various industries, such as upholstery work, and a variety of other general purposes. It is a tool of preference for wood workers using chisels with plastic, metal, or wooden handles, as they give a softened strike with a positive drive.
Less common mallets include:
Mallets of various types are some of the oldest forms of tools, and have been found in Stone Age gravesites.
Mallets used as drumsticks are often used to strike a marimba, xylophone, glockenspiel, metallophone, or vibraphone, collectively referred to as mallet percussion. The sticks usually have shafts made of rattan, birch, or fiberglass. Rattan shafts are more flexible than the other materials. Heads vary in size, shape, and material; they may be made of metal, plastic, rubber, or wood, and some are wrapped with felt, cord, or yarn. Heavier heads produce louder sounds, while harder heads produce sharper and louder sounds, with more overtones.
Mallets are commonly used as children's toys. Lightweight wooden mallets are used for peg toys. Toy mallets are also used in games such as Whac-A-Mole. Another type of toy mallet is a plastic mallet made of soft, hollow vinyl, with bellows and a built-in whistle, so that when the mallet is struck, it produces a sharp, chirping sound.
Sumpit

Sumpit and sumpitan are general terms for blowguns, usually tipped with iron spearheads, used for hunting and warfare in the islands of the Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi. They were also known as zarbatana by the Spanish (Old Spanish variant of cerbatana, "lance").
Sumpit were generally made from bamboo, but they can also be made from wood. They were usually about 4 to 6 ft (1.2 to 1.8 m) in length and 2 to 3 cm (0.79 to 1.18 in) in diameter. They can be made from one piece or from two to three pieces joined. Sumpit used for war generally used thick wooden or palm leaf-rib darts. The blunt end of the dart is capped with a conical plug of soft cork-like wood or wrapped in feathers or plant fiber which is dipped in resin to form an airtight seal when loaded.
The darts are too short to cause serious physical injury, thus when used in war or hunting large animals, they are dipped in a cup of poison before being loaded. The poison is made from the concentrated sap of the Antiaris toxicaria tree (variously known as upas, apo, or ipoh). The sap contains the toxin antiarin which can cause convulsions and death by cardiac arrest, even if the darts only cause minor injuries. Animals killed by these poison darts are safe to eat.
War sumpit also typically have iron spearheads attached on one end which allowed their use as spears once their ammunition is exhausted, similar in function to a bayonet. Sumpit used for hunting birds can also use clay pellets as ammunition.
American observers in the Philippines in 1912 record that the sumpit has a maximum range of 150 to 180 ft (46 to 55 m).
The first written description of sumpit is from the accounts of Antonio Pigafetta in 1521, when he described the sumpit of the Palawan people of Palawan island.
Sumpit are traditional weapons of various ethnic groups in the Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi. The term is also used for toy blowguns in the Philippines.
Jumping jack (toy)

The jumping jack is a jointed, flat wooden figure, a cross between a puppet and a paper doll that is considered a mechanical toy. The figure's joints are connected to a pull string that causes the arms and legs to move up and down when the string is pulled and released. Jumping jacks were popular in many contemporary countries including England, France, and Germany, but similar mechanical toys date back to the Ancient Egyptians.
Although the jumping jack is popularly thought of as a European toy, such mechanical toys have a long history that dates back to Ancient Egyptian toy figures with movable limbs. Among the earliest-known examples are ivory dancing figures, made to spin by pulling their strings that were among artifacts found at the archaeological site, El-Lisht.
In France jumping jacks were especially popular and generally known as “pantins”. In the mid-1700s, “pantins” were popular among the French nobility, and versions were sold that satirized famous figures of the time. Edmond Barbier wrote in 1747 that "one cannot go into any house without finding a pantin hanging by the mantelpiece".
In 1832, Hampelmann was a character created by Carl Malß as a figure for the burlesque at Frankfurt. Later, jumping jacks became known as Hampelmann in German-speaking countries. The mechanical toys were manufactured in the Ore Mountains in Germany.
In her first year as a student at the famous Bauhaus design school in Dessau, Germany, Margaretha Reichardt, who would become a textile designer, undertook a preliminary course run by Josef Albers and László Moholy-Nagy in 1926. As part of the course she designed a modern version of the Hampelmann that was set in a wooden frame and featured articulated limbs that move when a string is pulled. Later, her design was produced commercially by Naef, a Swiss toy company.
Oxford Reference cites the word "quockerwodger" as "a wooden puppet which can be made to 'dance' by pulling its strings". By analogy, quockerwodger came to be used as a negative appellation for a politician whose "strings" are pulled entirely by their own "puppetmaster".
Cabalgata de los Reyes

La Cabalgata de los Reyes —en checo: Jízda králů—​ es un festival checo realizado en primavera, y más específicamente en el día de Pentecostés, en el sureste de la República Checa;​ su origen es hasta ahora desconocido, sin embargo, se le considera una fiesta cristiana tradicional. Fue inscrita en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad de la Unesco en el año 2011 como «La Cabalgata de los Reyes en el sudeste de la República Checa».​​
El festival se lleva a cabo regularmente en el sureste de la República Checa, en Moravia histórica, en la región etnográfica de «Slovácko». El festival se lleva a cabo en las ciudades de Hluk (4363 habitantes) cada tres años, Kunovice (5447 habitantes) cada dos años, ocasionalmente o cada cuatro años en el Festival Slovácký rok de Kyjov à Skoronice (531 habitantes) y anualmente en Vlčnov (3062 habitantes).​​​​ Administrativamente, estas ciudades se encuentran entre las regiones de Zlín (Hluk y Vlčnov Kunovice) y Moravia Meridional (Skoronice).
Hasta la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la Cabalgata de los Reyes era una parte integral de la fiesta de Pentecostés, pero posteriormente ésta se pasó a tener una función esencialmente social.​ La actividad es precedida por una ceremonia religiosa, la aprobación de alcaldicia y la decoración de caballos y trajes elaboradas por las mujeres y las niñas utilizando técnicas, colores y diseños específicos para cada pueblo.​
El «Paseo de los Reyes» es dirigido por los jóvenes —los Jinetes— cuyo número oscila en lo general entre 15 y 25;​ son precedidos por grupos de cantores y seguidos por pajes con sables desenvainados que actúan como guardia del rey, quien es interpretado por un joven de entre 10 a 15 años con una rosa en la boca y cuyo rostro está parcialmente oculto.​ El rey y los patronos de honor se visten con el traje ceremonial de las mujeres, mientras que los otros usan las vestimentas de los hombres.​ Después de realizar la procesión alrededor del pueblo durante unas horas, los participantes van a casa para posteriormente reunirse en la casa del rey por la noche para celebrar con música y la danza.​
La Cabalgata de los Reyes en el sudeste de la República Checa en YouTube.. National Institute of Folk Culture. (2010). (en inglés).
Premios 31 de Diciembre

Los premios 31 de desembre (31 de diciembre) son unos premios otorgados por la Obra Cultural Balear a personas o asociaciones en reconocimiento a su labor en defensa de la lengua y la cultura catalanas en Mallorca, España.
Reciben este nombre como recuerdo del día en qué las tropas del Rey Jaime I de Aragón entraron en Palma de Mallorca en 1229. Se entregan anualmente alrededor de final de año en una gran fiesta. Se distinguen varias modalidades. Cada una de ellas lleva el nombre de un insigne mallorquín:
Cavalcade of Magi

The Cavalcade of Magi is a traditional parade with floats carrying the Three Magi taking place in practically all cities and villages in Spain on the evening of 5 January (Epiphany's eve). The Biblical Magi –of which tradition holds there were three: Melchior, Caspar, and Balthazar– ride through the streets, as their pages collect the last letters from the children and throw candy to the people in attendance. The cavalcade usually includes dancers and musicians, as well as other assistants to the Magi. The cavalcades are also held in Andorra, Gibraltar, Argentina, Poland, and in some towns in Mexico and Venezuela.
According to the tradition, the Magi come from the Orient on their camels to visit the houses of all the children while they are sleeping, entering the houses through the balconies using ladders to leave the children the gifts they have asked for in their letters. So after greeting the Magi at the cavalcade in town, children are supposed to go home, clean and put their shoes beside the Christmas tree or the nativity scene, and go to bed early. Paper cut-outs are usually also put out to adorn the scene, and the children usually put out some sweets and something to drink for the Magi to sit and enjoy themselves for a moment before moving on to the next house, and a bucket of water for their camels. The following morning, the children find the gifts from the Magi in and around their shoes. Those who have behaved badly during the previous year receive coal rather than gifts, though (as in the case of Santa Claus) this is not a frequent occurrence. They might get coal candy, though.
The oldest cavalcade is documented in 1855 in Barcelona, and the longest-running cavalcade takes place in Alcoi (Alicante), which is first documented in 1866 and celebrated uninterruptedly since 1885.
The great cavalcade of Madrid is broadcast live on Televisión Española every year since 1964, whereas regional television channels broadcast their own parades. Small towns and villages celebrate cavalcades with traditional props, some of which involve Romans, shepherds and camels, while other places have modernized to tractors and fancy cars, though most of the parade goes by on foot and in a few floats.
In Poland the first cavalcade took place in 2009 in Warsaw. Since 2010, the Warsaw cavalcade has been broadcast live on Telewizja Polska. In 2016, over 450 Polish cities held their own cavalcade.
Grape pie

Grape pie is a type of fruit pie made from Concord grape and is part of harvest time traditions in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the United States. It is particularly sought after at the Naples Grape Festival, and can be found at various shops around town.
Grape pie made with Concord grapes is a regional specialty of Western New York, the Finger Lakes region, Pennsylvania and other areas of the United States where the grape is grown as well as Ontario, Canada. Vineyards that grow the grape, which was developed in the U.S., stretch from Western New York across Pennsylvania and into Ohio and Michigan as well as Washington state. Grape pie is a specialty and tradition of Naples, New York, host of the Naples Grape Festival and home to Angela Cannon-Crothers, author of Grape Pie Season.
The traditional recipe, using Concord grapes, is said to taste like wine due to the inclusion of tannins. Variants on the dessert use other grape types and various other ingredients.
The grape pie is part of the traditional cuisine of German immigrants to the region. This tradition is represented at Old Economy, home of a group of communal German immigrants founded in 1824. The pie-making is a "very long process" and includes "skinning the grape, cooking the pulp and separating out the seeds."
List of objects dropped on New Year's Eve

On New Year's Eve, many localities in the United States and elsewhere mark the beginning of a new year through the raising or lowering of an object. Many of these events are patterned on festivities that have been held at New York City's Times Square since 1908, where a large crystal ball is lowered down a pole atop One Times Square (beginning its descent at 11:59:00 p.m. Eastern Time, and concluding at midnight). In turn, the event was inspired by the time balls used by ship navigators in the 19th century to calibrate their chronometers.
Most drop events are scheduled so that they conclude at midnight in the hosting location's time zone. Some may hold a drop at an earlier time to appeal to families who do not wish to stay up for the later event, with the earlier event being held either alongside, or in lieu of one held at midnight. Occasionally, an earlier countdown may be promoted as celebrating the arrival of midnight in a different location with ties to the city (such as a sister city, or one that shares the same name)
Whilst some of these events use a ball in imitation of Times Square, many "drops" utilize objects that represent an aspect of local culture, geography, or history. Ball drops are by far the most common in, but not exclusive to, the United States.
New York holds many elaborate drops, particularly the ball drop at Times Square and at the Electric Tower in Buffalo.
Korea Exchange

Korea Exchange (KRX, Korean: 한국거래소) is the sole securities exchange operator in South Korea. It is headquartered in Busan, and has an office for cash markets and market oversight in Seoul.
The Korea Exchange was created through the integration of Korea Stock Exchange (KSE), Korea Futures Exchange and KOSDAQ Stock Market under the Korea Stock & Futures Exchange Act. The securities and derivatives markets of former exchanges are now business divisions of Korea Exchange: the Stock Market Division, KOSDAQ Market Division and Derivatives Market Division. As of December 2020, Korea Exchange had 2,409 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of ₩2.3 quadrillion KRW (US$2.1 trillion). The exchange has normal trading sessions from 09:00 am to 03:30 pm on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.
On 22 May 2015, the Korea Exchange joined the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative in an event with the UN-SG Ban Ki-moon in attendance, as well as senior officials from UN Global Compact and UNCTAD.
Quotations are quotes submitted by the Members on behalf of their customers and are submitted to the Exchange only during Quotation Receiving Hours.
Trading days in KRX KOSPI markets are from Monday through Friday and no trading or settlement is made on the following days: