davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Kacang

Kacang adalah istilah non-botani yang biasa dipakai untuk menyebut biji sejumlah tumbuhan polong-polongan (namun tidak semua). Dalam percakapan sehari-hari, kacang dipakai juga untuk menyebut buah (polong) atau bahkan tumbuhan yang menghasilkannya. kata "kacang" biasanya dimaksudkan untuk polong kacang tanah. Kata ini sebenarnya dipakai untuk menyebut biji kering yang berbentuk menyerupai ginjal dan dimakan setelah dikeringkan. Kacang-kacangan, juga dikenal sebagai polong-polongan, adalah biji yang dapat dimakan dari tanaman polong-polongan yang dibudidayakan untuk makanan. Kacang kering, lentil, dan kacang polong adalah jenis kacang-kacangan yang paling umum dikenal dan dikonsumsi.Dalam konteks pangan, "kacang" dipakai pula untuk menyertai nama produk pangan olahan yang biasanya dibuat dari kacang tanah.
Kacang kaya akan protein dan asam lemak tidak jenuh. Dengan kandungan protein yang lengkap terdiri dari asam amino esensial seperti Lysin, Threonin, Valin, Isoleusin, Leusin, Methionin, Methionine + Cystin, Tyrosin, Phenylalanine. Konsumsi kacang tanah sekali makan (25 g) dapat memberi sumbangan protein 12% dari angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) per hari. Kandungan lemak terdiri atas asam lemak tidak jenuh, terutama asam oleat dan linoleat, serta ergosterol/fitosterol. Kandungan serat yang tinggi serta Kandungan vitamin dan mineral esensial yang lengkap seperti : Asam folat, Vitamin E, Niasin (B3), Thiamin (Vitamin B1), Vitamin Piridoksin (B6), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Tembaga, Fosfor, Magnesium, Besi, Kalium, Seng, Kalsium. Kandungan karbohidrat dengan indeks glisemik yang rendah. Beberapa mengandung antioksidan yang cukup baik. Kacang biasanya mengandung protein dan/atau lemak yang cukup tinggi, sehingga banyak yang dihargai sebagai bahan pangan yang penting. Biji legum kering yang besar dan mengandung banyak tepung biasanya tidak disebut "kacang", melainkan "kara" atau "koro".
kacang-kacangan memiliki senyawa anti gizi antara lain tripsin inhibitor dan khimotripsin, oligosakarida, polifenol dan asam fitat. Senyawa teraebutt dapat dikurangi dengan cara perendaman, pemanasan dan perkecambahan. Polifenol dapat membentuk kompleks dengan protein dan karbohidrat serta dapat mengurangi bioavabilitas mineral. Asam fitat dapat berikatan dengan mineral penting dan protein membentuk senyawa kompleks. Akibatnya bioavailibilitas mineral dalam tubuh menurun, demikian juga daya cerna proteinnya. Menurut Ogun et al., (1989).
Istilah-istilah berikut adalah produk pangan olahan yang menggunakan kata "kacang":
Kacang hijau

Kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) adalah sejenis palawija yang dikenal luas di daerah tropika. Tumbuhan yang termasuk suku polong-polongan (Fabaceae) ini memiliki banyak manfaat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai sumber bahan pangan berprotein nabati tinggi. Kacang hijau di Indonesia menempati urutan ketiga terpenting sebagai tanaman pangan legum, setelah kedelai dan kacang tanah.
Bagian paling bernilai ekonomi adalah bijinya. Biji kacang hijau direbus hingga lunak dan dimakan sebagai bubur atau dimakan langsung. Biji matang yang digerus dan dijadikan sebagai isi onde-onde, bakpau, atau gandas turi. Kecambah kacang hijau menjadi sayuran yang umum dimakan di kawasan Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara dan dikenal sebagai tauge. Kacang hijau bila direbus cukup lama akan pecah dan pati yang terkandung dalam bijinya akan keluar dan mengental, menjadi semacam bubur. Tepung biji kacang hijau, disebut di pasaran sebagai tepung hankue, digunakan dalam pembuatan kue-kue dan cenderung membentuk gel. Tepung ini juga dapat diolah menjadi mi yang dikenal sebagai soun.
Kacang hijau memiliki kandungan protein yang cukup tinggi dan merupakan sumber mineral penting, antara lain kalsium dan fosfor. Sedangkan kandungan lemaknya merupakan asam lemak tak jenuh.
Kandungan kalsium dan fosfor pada kacang hijau bermanfaat untuk memperkuat tulang. Kacang hijau juga mengandung rendah lemak yang baik bagi mereka yang ingin menghindari konsumsi lemak tinggi. Kadar lemak yang rendah dalam kacang hijau menjadikan bahan makanan atau minuman yang terbuat dari kacang hijau tidak mudah berbau.
Lemak kacang hijau tersusun atas 73% asam lemak tak jenuh dan 27% asam lemak jenuh. Umumnya kacang-kacangan memang mengandung lemak tak jenuh tinggi. Asupan lemak tak jenuh tinggi penting untuk menjaga kesehatan jantung.
Kacang hijau mengandung vitamin B1 yang berguna untuk pertumbuhan dan vitalitas pria. Maka kacang hijau dan turunannya sangat cocok untuk dikonsumsi bagi mereka yang baru menikah.
Kacang hijau juga mengandung multi protein yang berfungsi mengganti sel mati dan membantu pertumbuhan sel tubuh, oleh karena itu anak-anak dan wanita yang baru saja bersalin dianjurkan untuk mengonsumsinya.
Kacang tunggak

Kacang tunggak (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) adalah sejenis tanaman legum yang polong muda dan bijinya biasa disayur, seperti sayur lodeh atau brongkos. Tumbuhan ini relatif tahan kering dan biasa ditanam di pekarangan sebagai cadangan pangan keluarga.
Kacang tunggak banyak variasi bentuknya. Di Jawa, kacang-kacang ini dikenal dengan beberapa nama seperti kacang dadap, kacang landes, kacang tunggak, dan juga kacang otok serta kacang tolo.
Kacang tunggak masih satu jenis dengan kacang panjang namun berbeda subspesies atau kelompok kultivar. Selain di Asia, biji kacang tunggak juga dimanfaatkan di Afrika, Eropa bagian selatan, dan kawasan Amerika Latin.
Kacang tunggak merupakan tanaman semusim yang tumbuh melebar, tegak atau hampir tegak, tinggi 15–80 cm. Kacang ini dibedakan dari subspesies lainnya dengan melihat polongnya yang sepanjang 10–30 cm, menggantung, keras dan kaku, tidak menggembung ketika muda. Bijinya biasanya agak besar, panjangnya antara 6–10 mm. Ciri-ciri lainnya serupa dengan Vigna unguiculata pada umumnya.
Pusat keanekaragaman kacang tunggak (kelompok kv. Unguiculata) diperkirakan berada di Afrika Barat, tetapi kemudian tersebar luas di seluruh wilayah tropis dan ugahari. Kacang ini dimanfaatkan bijinya (kering atau basah) sebagai kacang-kacangan. Polongnya yang muda, dan daun-daun mudanya dipetik sebagai bahan sayuran atau lalapan. Bijinya dapat ditumbuk menjadi tepung atau diolah lebih lanjut menjadi kue-kue.
Kacang tunggak juga baik untuk ditanam sebagai penutup tanah, karena dapat tumbuh di berbagai jenis tanah dan dalam waktu pendek dapat menghasilkan banyak humus. Sebagai pupuk hijau, kacang tunggak mengandung kadar nitrogen yang cukup tinggi, yakni sebesar 4,4% berat kering hijauan. Daun dan ranting-ranting ini juga bagus sebagai pakan ternak karena mengandung kadar protein dan kapur yang tinggi, sementara serat kasarnya rendah.
Vigna unguiculata memiliki tiga kelompok kultivar, yakni:
Kue kacang tanah

Kue kacang tanah adalah sejenis kue kering yang berbahan dasar kacang tanah dengan berbagai macam bentuk, seperti bentuk bulat, hati, ataupun bulan sabit. Kue kacang tanah dibuat dari adonan tepung terigu, telur, gula halus, minyak goreng, dan bahan dasarnya kacang tanah yang telah dikupas kulitnya dan kemudian dipanggang di dalam oven hingga matang.
Kue kacang tanah biasanya menjadi sajian khas pada hari raya, seperti Idulfitri, Natal, dan tahun baru Imlek. Kue kacang tanah biasanya dijual dalam kemasan stoples plastik di toko roti, toko kue, dan pasar swalayan.
Kue kacang sudah ada sejak era kolonial Belanda dan awalnnya disajikan dalam berbagai acara penting. Seiring berjalannya waktu, kue ini telah bertransformasi menjadi camilan favorit banyak orang berkat kombinasi rasa gurih dan manis dari kacang tanah, gula dan tepung terigu. Proses pembuatannya yang sederhana menjadikannya sebagai camilan yang terjangkau dan merakyat. Di era modern ini, kue kacang hadir dalam beragam varian rasa dan bentuk, seperti cokelat, keju dan almond. Meskipun demikian, versi klasiknya tetap menjadi pilihan yang digemari karena mampu menghadirkan rasa nonstalgia. Kue kacang ini merupakan bagian dari budata kuliner Indonesia yang patut dilestarikan.
Kukis

Kukis adalah kudapan yang diolah dengan cara dipanggang yang umumnya berbentuk kecil dan datar, serta memiliki rasa manis. Kukis biasanya terdiri dari tepung, gula, dan beberapa jenis minyak atau lemak. Kukis dapat dicampur dengan bahan pelengkap lain seperti kismis, gandum, keping cokelat, kacang-kacangan, dll.
Di sebagian besar negara berbahasa Inggris (kecuali Amerika Serikat dan Kanada) dan juga di Indonesia, penganan yang lebih padat dan keras disebut biskuit, sedangkan versi yang lebih renyah disebut sebagai kukis, bahkan di negara Inggris.
Kukis dan biskuit dapat diproduksi secara massal di pabrik, dibuat di toko roti kecil, atau dibuat sendiri. Varian biskuit atau kukis termasuk juga kukis lapis (cookie sandwich), seperti krim kustar, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons, dan Oreo, dengan marshmallow atau selai, dan kadang-kadang dicelupkan ke dalam cokelat atau lapisan pemanis lainnya. Kukis sering disajikan dengan minuman seperti susu, kopi, atau teh. Kukis buatan pabrik dijual di toko-toko dan mesin penjual otomatis. Kukis yang baru dipanggang dijual di toko roti dan warung kopi, mulai dari perusahaan berukuran kecil hingga perusahaan multinasional seperti Starbucks.
Ade Herlina

Ade Herlina (lahir 5 September 1977) adalah pemeran, presenter, dan penyiar radio berkebangsaan Indonesia.
Ade merupakan anak bungsu dari tiga bersaudara dari pasangan Herryanto dan Asni Nur.
Ade mengawali kariernya di dunia hiburan Indonesia dengan menjadi finalis dalam ajang Wajah Femina pada tahun 1997.
Ia terjun ke dunia akting dengan berperan sebagai Virgie dalam sinetron Dewa Asmara Cari Cinta yang ditayangkan di Global TV pada 2006.
Keripik singkong

Keripik singkong adalah makanan yang terbuat dari singkong yang diiris tipis kemudian digoreng dengan menggunakan minyak goreng. Biasanya rasanya adalah asin dengan aroma bawang yang gurih. Perkembangan sekarang banyak memunculkan variasi rasa keripik singkong, tidak hanya asin gurih tetapi juga asin pedas dan manis pedas atau dikenal sebagai bumbu balado. Makanan ini tersebar hampir merata di seluruh Pulau Jawa.
Memilih dan memilih singkong bisa dibilang gampang-gampang susah. Bagi yang baru berkenalan dengan keluarga umbi-umbian ini bisa terapkan tips berikut untuk memilih singkong yang tepat sebelum mengolahnya jadi keripik nikmat.
Singkong (Manihot esculenta) berasal dari Amerika Selatan dan telah menjadi makanan pokok bagi penduduk asli sebelum kedatangan Christopher Columbus. Budidaya singkong berkembang melalui periode kolonialisasi Spanyol dan Portugis, yang kemudian memperkenalkannya ke Indonesia pada abad ke-16. Mengamati kesuburan tanah di Indonesia, singkong tumbuh dengan subur dan mulai dibudidayakan secara komersial sekitar tahun 1810. Hingga saat ini, singkong tetap menjadi makanan yang populer di kalangan masyarakat karena harganya yang terjangkau. Berbagai jenis olahan, seperti combro, keripik singkong, Opak singkong, dan donat singkong, terus berkembang berkat dedikasi para petani yang tekun menanamnya.
Keripik

Keripik atau kripik adalah sejenis makanan ringan berupa irisan tipis dari umbi-umbian, buah-buahan, atau sayuran yang digoreng di dalam minyak nabati. Untuk menghasilkan rasa yang gurih dan renyah biasanya dicampur dengan adonan tepung yang diberi bumbu rempah tertentu.
Secara umum keripik dibuat melalui tahap penggorengan, tetapi ada pula dengan hanya melalui penjemuran, atau pengeringan. Keripik dapat berasa dominan asin, pedas, manis, asam, gurih, atau paduan dari kesemuanya. Keripik singkong banyak diproduksi di kota Bandung dengan berbagai macam rasa dan varian. Di Yogyakarta terdapat keripik berbahan baku jamur tiram.
Yaitu keripik yang digoreng dengan menggunakan kuali/wajan:
Yaitu keripik yang digoreng dengan menggunakan mesin Vacuum Fryer:
Keripik pisang

Keripik pisang adalah makanan yang terbuat dari pisang yang diiris tipis kemudian digoreng dengan menggunakan tepung yang telah dibumbui. Biasanya rasanya adalah asin dengan aroma bawang yang gurih Makanan ini tersebar hampir merata di seluruh Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Jawa dan Sumatra. Ada pula hidangan sejenis kripik pisang yang serupa di beberapa daerah Asia, seperti Filipina, India, dan Thailand.
Keripik pisang merupakan satu-satunya produk olahan pisang yang memiliki perdagangan internasional yang signifikan. Pengekspor utama keripik pisang di seluruh dunia adalah Filipina. Pasar ekspor keripik pisang juga sudah ada di Thailand dan Indonesia.
Filipina, sejauh ini, adalah pengekspor utama keripik pisang di seluruh dunia. Filipina telah mengekspor keripik pisang ke lebih dari 30 negara, termasuk Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Uni Eropa, Jepang, Australia, Korea Selatan, China, dan Rusia. Pendapatan tahunan untuk ekspor keripik pisang Filipina adalah sekitar $35 juta pada tahun 2009.
Pisang adalah tanaman asli Asia Tenggara Maritim dan masyarakat nusantara telah mengembangkan banyak kegunaannya selama berabad-abad, termasuk sebagai makanan ringan. Keripik pisang adalah makanan ringan renyah yang populer dan banyak ditemukan di Indonesia, terutama di Jawa dan Sumatera.
Lumpuh otak

Lumpuh otak (bahasa Inggris: cerebral palsy, spastic paralysis, spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia, spastic quadriplegia, CP) adalah suatu kondisi terganggunya fungsi otak dan jaringan saraf yang mengendalikan gerakan, laju belajar, pendengaran, penglihatan, dan kemampuan berpikir.
Penyebab lumpuh otak sampai saat ini belum dapat dipastikan, banyak orang beranggapan bahwa CP disebabkan oleh karena:
Secara umum lumpuh otak dikelompokkan dalam empat jenis yaitu:
Lumpuh otak juga bisa berkombinasi dengan gangguan epilepsi, mental, belajar, penglihatan, pendengaran, maupun bicara.
Gejala lumpuh otak sudah bisa diketahui saat bayi berusia 3-6 bulan, yakni saat bayi mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan.
Ciri umum dari anak lumpuh otak adalah:
Sampai saat ini belum ada obat yang bisa menyembuhkan lumpuh otak. Namun tetap ada harapan untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuan anak lumpuh otak dan membuatnya mandiri dengan terapi.
Terapi yang diberikan pada penderita lumpuh otak akan disesuaikan dengan:
Meski ada bagian otak yang rusak, tetapi sel-sel yang bagus akan menutupi sel-sel yang rusak, dengan cara mengoptimalkan bagian otak yang sehat seperti pemberian rangsangan agar otak anak berkembang baik. Rangsangan/ stimulasi otak secara intensif bisa dilakukan melalui pancaindra. Salah satu cara adalah dengan Compensatory Dendrite Sprouting yaitu rangsangan agar dendrit tersebar dengan berimbang.
Beberapa orang tua yang memiliki anak penderita lumpuh otak mengaku berhasil mengoptimalkan kemampuan anaknya lewat metode Glenn Doman. Metode ini digunakan untuk anak dengan cedera otak berupa patterning (pola) untuk melatih:
Sejak tahun 1998, lebih dari 1700 anak cedera otak mengalami perbaikan cukup berarti setelah melakukan terapi ini.
Foto

Foto adalah gambar diam baik berwarna maupun hitam-putih yang dihasilkan oleh kamera yang menangkap atau merekam suatu objek atau kejadian atau keadaan pada suatu waktu tertentu.
Foto dibagi menjadi beberapa definisi potret film fotograf cetakan lukisan dan berfoto dibagi menjadi dua bagian bergambar dan berpotret. Kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan foto diistilahkan dengan fotografi. Kata foto berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yaitu photos yang berarti Cahaya atau Sinar.
Produksi atau distribusi jenis-jenis foto tertentu telah dilarang di bawah hukum modern, seperti foto gedung pemerintah, wilayah yang sangat rahasia, properti pribadi, karya yang dilindungi hak cipta, alat kelamin anak-anak, pornografi anak, dan lebih jarang pornografi secara keseluruhan. Hukum ini sangat bervariasi antar yurisdiksi.
Di beberapa properti publik milik pemerintah, seperti pengadilan hukum, gedung pemerintah, perpustakaan, pusat-pusat sipil dan beberapa museum di Hong Kong, fotografi tidak diperbolehkan tanpa izin dari pemerintah. Adalah ilegal untuk melengkapi atau mengambil foto dan rekaman di tempat hiburan umum, seperti bioskop dan teater dalam ruangan. Di Hongaria, mulai 15 Maret 2014 ketika Kitab Undang-Undang Sipil yang telah lama ditunggu-tunggu diterbitkan, undang-undang tersebut menyatakan kembali apa yang telah menjadi praktik normal, yaitu, bahwa seseorang memiliki hak untuk menolak difoto. Namun, ada persetujuan tersirat: tidak ilegal untuk memotret orang yang tidak secara aktif menolak.
Di Afrika Selatan, memotret orang di tempat umum adalah legal. Memproduksi dan menjual foto orang adalah legal untuk tujuan editorial dan penggunaan komersial terbatas yang wajar. Tidak ada yurisprudensi yang ada untuk menentukan batas-batas penggunaan komersial. Di Inggris Raya, tidak ada undang-undang yang melarang fotografi properti pribadi dari tempat umum. Fotografi yang terus-menerus dan agresif terhadap satu orang dapat masuk ke dalam definisi hukum pelecehan. Hak privasi muncul dalam hukum Inggris sebagai konsekuensi dari penggabungan Konvensi Eropa tentang Hak Asasi Manusia ke dalam hukum domestik melalui Undang-Undang Human Rights Act 1998. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan pembatasan pada publikasi fotografi.
Medan railway station

Medan Station (MDN) is the main railway station in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. In addition to intercity services operated by Indonesia's national rail operator, Kereta Api Indonesia, the station also has service to Kualanamu International Airport via Kualanamu ARS.
The rail line contained in Medan Station stretched from north to south. Rails leading to the south of the rail with the direction of travel to Tebing Tinggi, Kisaran, Tanjungbalai, Siantar and Rantau Prapat, while the rails leading to the north is the direction of travel to Belawan, Binjai and Besitang, which branched approximately 850 m north of the station. From Medan stations are branching former rail to Pancur Batu and Deli Tua. This station has city check-in for passengers at newly Kualanamu International Airport, this service also the first in throughout Indonesia.
In 2006, Medan Station get Prima Utama Award for the best public service transport unit.
Medan Station was officially opened on 25 July 1886 by Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij. At that time there was a 16.7 kilometer line connecting Medan Station and Labuhan Station. The line connects the city center of Medan to Port of Belawan. The rail line continued from Labuhan Station to Belawan Station which was inaugurated on 16 February 1888 and once served the Medan–Aceh route (Atjeh Stoomtram Staatspoorwegen).
Medan Station architecture has undergone a complete overhaul from the original form. Until now this station has undergone several renovations. The last major renovation was carried out in 2013 with the construction of a new building for the airport train (as the City Railway Station) as well as a revamp of the design of the existing building for regional train services. The only remainings of the old station on the current building complex is a clock tower in front of the station, a Dutch-style locomotive depot, the platform roof that houses lanes 2 and 3, and a suspension bridge at the station's southern end. This station also has an overpass (towards Pulu Brayan and Bandar Khalipah) whose construction began in 2016.
Medan Station has three entrances/exits, namely the Lapangan Merdeka side which is the entrance/exit for intercity and local trains. The other door, namely the Lapangan Merdeka side, is the entrance/exit for airport train services. The third side, the Jalan Jawa/Center Point Mall side is the exit for the airport train service.
This station originally had nine train lines with line 1 being a straight line from and towards Binjai, while line 2 is a straight track going to and from Pulu Brayan–Belawan. When a new elevated rail was built that took up lines 6 and 7, the number of lines for this train station was automatically reduced to seven. As soon as this new elevated rail project was completed, the number of tracks returned to nine with 2 lanes at the top. In addition, the old electrical signaling system (type GL1) has been replaced with the newest one produced by PT Len Industri.
Passenger trains that use this station are:
As of 2022, Medan Station is connected to all five corridors of Trans Metro Deli BRT and Corridor 1 of Trans Mebidang BRT.
MTT Turbine Superbike

A MTT Turbine Superbike, muitas vezes denominada apenas como Superbike, mais conhecida como Y2K Turbine Superbike, é a segunda motocicleta do mundo com tração e motorização à turbina a jato, criada por Ted McIntyre da Marine Turbine Technologies Inc.
Relatórios da MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE apareceram logo em 1999, em uma edição de maio da revista Cafe Racer, mas o modelo de produção foi introduzido em 2000.
Alimentado por um motor turboeixo Allison Model 250, produzindo 238 kW (320 cv), a moto tem uma velocidade registrada de 227 mph (370 km / h), com um preço de E.U. $ 150.000 (E.U. $ 185.000 em 2004 ). É reconhecida pelo Guinness World Records como a motocicleta de produção "mais poderosa" e "A moto mais cara em produção." Ao contrário de algumas anteriores motocicletas do seu tipo, onde há um motor a jato enorme, dando impulso para empurrar a moto, o motor de turbina a este modelo gira a roda traseira através de uma caixa de duas velocidades por meio de um eixo de transmissão. Diz-se que a equitação da motocicleta seja um pouco complicada devido ao atraso inerente da aceleração no motor, quando deixa fora do acelerador e comprimento extremo do chassi.
Os motores de turbina utilizados nas motos são de segunda mão, tendo sido retirados de helicópteros Bell 206 antigos e atingido o prazo da FAA em execução, após o qual eles têm de ser totalmente reconstruídos, independentemente de suas condições. A MTT pode comprar estes motores por um preço muito menor do que os motores novos, e usá-los em veículos terrestres sem a necessidade de aprovação da FAA. Para contornar o problema da aquisição do querosene de aviação normalmente usado em motores a turbina, o motor da moto também é capaz de usar diesel combustível, querosene comum, ou até mesmo combustível de jato.
Além do motor, existem outras inovações incorporadas a esta moto, como o detector de radar com o codificador de laser, montado na traseira da câmera com visor LCD, e um assento de passageiro opcional.
Ao contrário de outras motos contemporânea (como a Suzuki Hayabusa), de 2001 e mais tarde os modelos da MTT Turbine SUPERBIKE não têm a 300 km/h de velocidade limitando governadores auto-impostos pelos fabricantes japoneses.
Em 2008, a MTT lançou o modelo 420RR Streetfighter, outra motocicleta com motor turboeixo com 420 cavalos mais poderosos (310 kW) que sua antecessora.
Eixo cardã

Numa visão geral, o eixo cardan ou cardã é composto de dois eixos tubulares: um primário, centrado à fonte motriz, e outro secundário, centrado ao eixo de tração. As suas extremidades contam com articulações denominadas juntas móveis universais, que podem possuir rolamentos, mangas de ligação, grampos ou anéis de pressão e guarda-pós para acompanhar o movimento unilateral dos mesmos.
Nas extremidades desse tubo existem conexões chamadas de juntas universais onde se encontram as cruzetas. São as cruzetas que dão aos ECIs a capacidade de transmitir força do motor para o eixo em diferentes ângulos. Sua fixação se dá por anéis-trava ou abraçadeiras, dependendo do seu tipo de aplicação. As cruzetas se unem ao cardã por meio de garfos e flanges ou garfos e terminais. O conjunto formado por estes componentes mais a cruzeta é denominado junta universal.
Anéis-trava, castanhas, luvas ou garfos, espigas/cruzetas, roletes, flanges
São utilizados em equipamentos e transmissões que tenham desalinhamento do conjunto ou que o trabalho desse conjunto possa ocasionar um desalinhamento, como no caso de uma transmissão de caminhão, onde o movimento do eixo traseiro promove desalinhamento em relação a saída da caixa de câmbio.
Carros: utilizados nos veículos com motor dianteiro e tração traseira ou 4X4 como meio de transmissão do motor para as rodas.
Motocicletas: utilizado como substituto da corrente de transmissão, torna o conjunto mais silencioso, além de ser quase isento de manutenção.
Máquinas: na área industrial, é largamente aplicado em equipamentos e maquinários para compensação do desalinhamento entre motores e equipamentos movidos. Veículos ferroviários, máquinas agrícolas, laminadores, unidades marítimas, unidades de incêndio, industria têxtil e máquinas em geral.
Caminhões: utilizado na transmissão ao(s) eixo(s), além dos aparelhos hidráulicos para o basculamento de caçambas e outras aplicações.
Ônibus: utilizado na transmissão ao eixo traseiro, podendo ter tanto motor dianteiro como traseiro, no caso de motor traseiro utiliza-se normalmente somente um cardã, ao contrario dos motores dianteiros, que normalmente possuem vários cardãs.
Tentação (programa de televisão)

Tentação foi um programa de televisão brasileiro, produzido pelo SBT em conjunto com o Baú da Felicidade, apresentado por Silvio Santos. Em 1998, devido a sobrecarga de atrações que Silvio comandava aos finais de semana, o programa foi apresentado por Amanda Françozo, devolvendo o comando para o original no final daquele ano. O programa teve duas temporadas: a primeira foi exibida de 9 de outubro de 1994 a 7 de abril de 2002, quando foi substituído pelo Todos contra Um.
A segunda temporada foi apresentada nas tardes de domingo, entre 4 de março de 2007 (data de estreia) e 3 de maio de 2009 (data de extinção do programa)
O programa reunia 60 clientes das lojas do Baú da Felicidade que estavam em dia com o pagamento do carnê de mercadorias do Baú. Durante o programa os clientes participavam de brincadeiras valendo prêmios, geralmente eletrodomésticos e eletro-eletrônicos. No programa de perguntas e respostas há 3 vitrines, em cada uma deles havia uma resposta. No final do programa, os participantes que permaneciam no palco retiravam maçãs, sendo que em apenas uma havia a flor, e nas outras nada, os participantes que pegavam a maçã vazia ganhavam mil reais em barras de ouro. O que conseguia a maçã com a flor, ia para a final, participando do jogo do xis. Eram frequentes as sequências de vaias direcionadas ao apresentador, uma vez que cada palpite errado era dinheiro a menos na "caixinha" do auditório. Um bordão frequente seguido de vaias era quando Silvio dizia "Caixinha!" e Lombardi respondia "Obrigado!"
Ângela Figueiredo

Angela Barroso de Figueiredo (Rio de Janeiro, 8 de março de 1961) é uma atriz, ex-modelo e produtora cultural brasileira. Começou sua carreira como modelo, se destacando em sessões para marcas de roupas e para revistas como Desfile e Domingo (suplemento do Jornal do Brasil).
É filha de Bernardo Figueiredo (1934-2012), arquiteto e Vera de Figueiredo, arquiteta e cineasta. É mãe da apresentadora Diana Bouth, fruto da relação com o surfista Marcos Bouth, e é casada com o músico Branco Mello, integrante dos Titãs, com quem tem dois filhos: Bento, nascido em 1991 e guitarrista da banda Sioux 66, e Joaquim, nascido em 1999. É também avó de Pedro Bouth Romão, filho de Diana com o surfista Simão Romão.
Cemitério da Quarta Parada

O Cemitério da Quarta Parada, anteriormente denominado Cemitério do Brás, é uma necrópole localizada na zona leste do município brasileiro de São Paulo (SP), na Avenida Salim Farah Maluf, bairro da Quarta Parada, no distrito do Belém, na divisa com os distritos da Água Rasa e Tatuapé. Possui entradas pelas ruas David Geizer, Tobias Barretos e Avenida Alvaro Ramos.
A cada ano, mais de cem mil pessoas visitam o local, especialmente no dia de finados.
Fundado no dia 6 de janeiro de 1893, é um dos mais antigos cemitérios da cidade de São Paulo. Conta com uma área de 183 mil metros quadrados, onde cerca de quatrocentas mil pessoas já foram sepultadas.
Leva o nome do bairro em que está localizado, que por sua vez foi nominado devido à estação ferroviária homônima localizada nas proximidades e que constituía a quarta parada do trem em direção ao município de Cachoeira Paulista, sendo que a primeira delas partia da estação do Brás. Hoje, as duas paradas intermediárias estão desativadas. O nome oficial anterior era "Cemitério do Brás", quando o bairro fazia parte daquele distrito. No início, a maioria de suas sepulturas era de chão, mas nos dias de hoje predominam mausoléus e túmulos familiares, com gavetas para urnas.
A exemplo de cemitérios paulistanos destinados às classes altas, o Quarta Parada também têm jazigos de tamanhos monumentais e diversas obras de artes esculpidas em seus túmulos, que foram encomendadas na época dos barões de café por juristas, industriais, comerciantes prósperos e políticos que sepultavam seus familiares em túmulos adornados. É considerado um dos mais caros da capital, junto com o Cemitério do Araçá e o Cemitério da Consolação.
O acervo dos livros de sepultamento, de 1893 a 1941, foi totalmente digitalizado e está disponível para pesquisa no website Family Search, da Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias (Mórmons).
Sua fundação ocorreu após a inauguração do Cemitério da Consolação, em 1858, que apesar de ser municipal, passou a abrigar jazigos e túmulos da burguesia cafeeira e de pessoas importantes. Ambos os cemitérios foram alvos de famílias de imigrantes italianos, que construíam em suas sepulturas citações de acontecimentos históricos na metrópole paulista, por meio de inscrições, monumentos, esculturas ou até mesmo a localização, entre os séculos XIX e XX. Ao analisar o modo como os cemitérios foram criados e sua situação na época atual, é possível compreender a pluralidade da história dos imigrantes. A presença desses polos estrangeiros nos cemitérios acabaram por transformá-los em verdadeiros museus a céu aberto, mesmo que não tivessem essa intenção na época.
No cemitério ocorrem dezenas de velórios por mês. O número exumações também é elevado, devido à quantidade de sepulturas.. O velório do Cemitério da Quarta Parada dispõe de salas, estacionamento, lanchonete e cabine da GCM (Guarda Civil Metropolitana).
CBT Javali

O CBT Javali é um veículo utilitário criado e produzido no Brasil pela Companhia Brasileira de Tratores (CBT) entre os anos de 1988 e 1995.
A maioria de suas peças era produzida pela própria empresa, como motores, bombas injetoras, pedais, caixa de marchas e transferência, carrocerias (em chapa dobrada) e turbina.
O Javali é um veículo que oferece uma plataforma off-road flexível e poderosa. Foi vendido para uso civil em uma única cor, um tom entre o cinza e o bege. Algumas unidades foram comercializadas ao Exército Brasileiro.
Foram fabricadas cerca de 3 mil unidades.
Câmbio de quatro marchas, com tração 4x2 e 4x4 com reduzida acionada por alavanca e roda-livre de acionamento manual junto ao cubo das rodas dianteiras:
Pedra do Baú

Pedra do Baú (conhecido também como Complexo do Baú ou Complexo da Pedra do Baú) é um conjunto de rochas gnaissicas da Serra da Mantiqueira localizado no município de São Bento do Sapucaí, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O ponto culminante é a Pedra do Baú (altitude de 1964 metros e 340 metros de altura), conhecido por abrigar algumas rotas de escalada esportiva. É formado pelo Bauzinho, Pedra do Baú e Ana Chata.
Cercado por montanhas da Serra da Mantiqueira, o Complexo é um forte ponto turístico, atraindo, principalmente, turistas de aventura, sendo considerado um dos 5 destinos no Brasil para aventureiros.
A Pedra do Baú foi escalada pela primeira vez em 1940, pelos irmãos João e Antônio Teixeira de Sousa, conhecidos por irmãos Cortez. Dois anos depois, o empresário Luís Dumont Vilares patrocinou a construção das duas primeiras vias ferratas de acesso à pedra, na face sul, lado do bairro do Baú, São Bento do Sapucaí, e na face norte, lado de São Bento do Sapucaí. Algum tempo depois foi construído o primeiro abrigo de montanha do Brasil, no topo da Pedra, abrigo este que não existe mais (pode-se ver apenas suas fundações), alvo de vandalismos seguidos ao longo dos anos.
A formação é um local popular para escalada, parapente, trekking e outras formas de ecoturismo e turismo de aventura.
Volkswagen Delivery

The Volkswagen Delivery is a series of light trucks (4 to 13 tons) manufactured by Volkswagen Truck & Bus. It has been produced since 1995, and sits above the Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles light commercial vehicle range; Caddy, Transporter, Crafter and Amarok.
The delivery truck gets its name from its vocation of urban and rural pickup and deliveries.
The Delivery I was first introduced for the South American market in 1995. A version was offered in Europe that was called the Volkswagen L80. While sales of the L80 ended in Europe in 2000, the Delivery in South America is still in production.
An updated version called the Delivery II was launched in 2018, with a diesel and electric version, called the e-Delivery. The Delivery I is still in production, but is now part of the Volkswagen Worker range.
The diesel engines are Euro III compliant.
The Cummins engines are compliant with Euro V standards, the Iveco engine is compliant with Euro VI standards.
At the IAA Salon 2018, Volkswagen exhibited the electric version of the Delivery. Two models are commercially available:
Can-Am Spyder

The Can-Am Spyder ("Spyder") is a three-wheeled motorcycle manufactured by Can-Am motorcycles, a division of Bombardier Recreational Products. The vehicle has a single rear drive wheel and two wheels in front for steering, similar in layout to a modern snowmobile. The Spyder uses an ATV-like chassis. The manufacturer refers to it as a "roadster," but in technical terms, it is more of what has been traditionally called a trike.
The Can-Am Spyder was officially launched in February 2007. By October 2007, approximately 2,500 units had been sold. By May 2009, 12,500 Spyders (9,932 of them sold in the United States) had been manufactured. Approximately 21 percent of its sales are to women. In addition, some 27 percent of Spyder owners have never previously owned a motorcycle.
In 2015, during the annual "Spyderfest" gathering in Springfield MO, the 100,000th Spyder was delivered.
The Spyder has traction and stability control, and antilock brakes. In most US states the Spyder is licensed as a motorcycle. In California, Delaware, Nevada, and South Carolina only a regular driver's license is required—however, helmet laws apply in California as they do for all motorcyclists.
All Spyder models have storage space under the hood at the front of the vehicle, referred to as a frunk. Top rear dual helmet boxes and other accessories for the Spyder are also available.
The Spyder also has front and rear brakes which are both actuated by the same foot pedal, a reverse gear, power steering and an optional electric shift (clutchless) transmission.
As of 2020, there are two models, F3 and the RT, the F3 being primarily the sport model and the RT the touring model. Additionally in 2019, Can-Am started selling a lower-cost line named the Ryker, intended for a younger entry-level demographic.
2021 BRP introduced the Spyder RT Sea to Sky trim as their top level touring model.
Discontinued models
As of 2015, BRP produced specialty versions of the Spyder intended for law enforcement. The Spyder F3-P is a version of the F3 with emergency lighting, siren, and both 12v and USB power outlets, in addition to their "Quick Pursuit" ignition system. A special patrol version of the RT is also available.
The Spyder was formerly produced in both manual and semi-automatic transmission styles. As of the 2020 model year, all Spyder models are equipped with a semi-automatic transmission and Ryker models are equipped with fully automatic continuously variable transmissions (CVT). The manual transmissions follow the standard motorcycle design: a left-foot-actuated shifter and a left-hand-actuated clutch. The semi-automatic transmission models use a paddle-shifter on the left-hand grip. The transmission is semi-automatic as it will automatically downshift as the vehicle slows, but upshifting must be manually performed by the rider (though no clutch operation is required).
Pannier

A pannier /ˈpæniər/ is a basket, bag, box, or similar container, carried in pairs either slung over the back of a beast of burden, or attached to the sides of a bicycle or motorcycle. The term derives from a Middle English borrowing of the Old French panier, meaning 'bread basket'.
Traditional panniers for animal transport are typically made of canvas, leather, or wicker. Modern panniers may be rectangular boxes of hard-sided plastic. Panniers are loaded in such a manner as to distribute weight evenly on either side of the animal. For horse packing, and when carrying particularly heavy loads on other animals they are supported by a pack saddle to distribute weight more evenly across the back of the animal. In some cases, additional items are placed on the back of the animal, between the panniers.
There are many styles of bicycle panniers. Touring panniers are usually sold in pairs, intended to hold enough equipment for self-sustained tours over days or weeks. The most common setup is to use a pair of smaller panniers (10 to 15 liters each) mounted on a low rider and a pair of larger ones on the rear carrier (20 to 30 liters each).
Commuters who bicycle have pannier options designed to hold laptop computers, files and folders, changes of clothes or shoes and lunches. There are also panniers that convert to backpacks or shoulder bags for easier carrying when not on a bicycle.
Panniers designed specifically for bicycles were patented by John B. Wood of Camden, New Jersey, in 1884. Hartley Alley designed a handlebar bag and other bicycle luggage that he manufactured and sold under the Touring Cyclist brand in the 1970s until his retirement in 1984.
Bicycle panniers are usually made of nylon or other synthetic fabric that can be stitched, or, in the case of waterproof panniers, welded together.
As bicycles are often ridden in the rain, many panniers are built to be water-repellent or waterproof by themselves. Others include built-in rain-covers, or rain-covers are offered as accessories. The shape of the pannier may be enforced by a frame or stiffening panel made of plastic or metal to help keep it in place and prevent it from contacting a wheel.
Panniers are usually built to attach to a rear rack or front rack already fitted to the bicycle. Removable panniers hook onto the top edge of the rack and are often held in place by a latch or elastic mechanism.
Motorcycle panniers are generally hard box containers with lids, made of metal or hard plastic. The panniers may be permanently fixed to the motorcycle or may be removable. Soft cases may be leather or fabric, usually without permanent mountings, and are often called saddlebags or 'throwovers'.
Herve ar Menn

Herve ar Menn, e marilh an ti-kêr Hervé Le Menn, a zo bet ganet e Hañveg e 1899 ha marvet eo e Pariz e 1973. Implijad e voe en RATP. Dalc'het e vez eñvor anezhañ dre m'en deus savet a-raok ar brezel Kenvreuriezh ar Viniaouerien KAV. Dre ar gevredigezh-mañ eo e voe adroet lañs d'ar sonerezh e Breizh ha dreist-holl d'ar binioù. Meur a levr sonerezh a voe embannet ganto. Embannet e voe ivez levr ar C'horonal Bourgeois, ul levr e-lec'h ma kaver e-leizh a ganaouennoù hengounel.
Tad Gwennole ar Menn hag Erwan ar Menn.
Dominique Boullier

Ur sosiologour gall eo Dominique Boullier. Ganet eo e Roazhon e 1954. Penn skridaozer ar gelaouenn Cosmopolitiques, ha kelenner er skolioù-veur eo bet. Ispisializet eo war an niverel hag hor doare da implij anezhañ.
Un tezenn sosiologiezh a zo bet skrivet gantañ e 1987 war renerezh Gérard Althabe. Anvet eo Du rapport de générations dans le champ résidentiel. La construction des groupes d’âge adolescent.
Desket eo bet ivez war skiantoù al lavar e skol-veur Roazhon 2 ha gouestoniet eo evit renañ enklaskoù diwar skiantoù ar c'heleier hag al lavarantiz.
Renet ha kemeret perzh e meur à gelouenn en deus graet Dominique Boullier. Penn skridaozer Cahiers du Numérique eo bet etre 2001 ha 2004. Krouet en deux Cosmopolitiques e 2002 ha penn skriadozer anezhi eo chomet betek 2012.
Meur a levr a zo bet skrivet gantan met brasan lodenn e labour a zo bet diwar benn hor implij eus un niverel. Kroget en deus dre gontrad e 1982 o studiañ implijoù ar Minitel hag an TIC. Brasaat a ra e dachenn studi evit mont davet hini ar c'hartenn bank, internet, an TIC en embregerezhioù, ar skinwell hag all hag all. Nevez zo, labouret en deus war ar skiantoù anavout.
Krouiñ a ra meizad an "habitèle" evit studiañ implij ar pellgomzer hezoug hag hor identelezioù niverel. Gwellout a ra hor c'helloù personel evel un danvez sosiologel eskemm. Soñjal a ra endro meizad ar "personal data ecosystem".
Studiañ a ra ivez ar politikerez diwar korn an niverel, evel skol Lessig. Stourmañ a ra evit derc'hel gant liesegezh arkitektouriez an niverel, evel kinniget gant M.Walzer. Un doare eo evitañ da vihannaat ar preizherezh eus perzh an oberourien vras. Reoliañ ar re-se a zo ret evit mirout d'ur "réchauffement climatique".
Krouet en deus e 2015, ur c'hloerdi war ar "sciences humaines et sociales troisième génération" (SHS3G) evit strollañ an enklaskourien o defe c'hoant komprenn levezon ar Big Data war ar sjiantoù sokial.
Enez-Frañs (proviñs)

Enez-Frañs (Île de France e galleg) a zo ur proviñs kozh eus Bro-C'hall, kavell Rouantelezh Frañs, en-dro da Bariz. Ne glot ket Enez-Frañs istorel gant ar rannvro a-vremañ anvet Enez-Frañs (Île-de-France).
Arondisamant Nanterre

Arondisamant Nanterre a zo anezhañ ur rann velestradurel eus Frañs, e departamant an Hauts-de-Seine hag e rannvro Île-de-France.
Rannet e oa arondisamant Nanterre e 24 c'hanton (betek 2014) hag e 15 kumun :
Adrannet e voe arondisamantoù an Hauts-de-Seine d'ar 1añ a viz Genver 2017. 17 kumun zo en arondisamant Nanterre bremañ.
Arondisamant Boulogne-Billancourt

Arondisamant Boulogne-Billancourt a zo anezhañ ur rann velestradurel eus Frañs, e departamant an Hauts-de-Seine hag e rannvro Île-de-France.
Rannet e oa arondisamant Boulogne-Billancourt e 9 c'hanton (betek 2014) hag e 9 c'humun :
Adrannet e voe arondisamantoù an Hauts-de-Seine d'ar 1añ a viz Genver 2017. 8 kumun zo en arondisamant Boulogne-Billancourt bremañ.
RATP bus network

The RATP bus network covers the entire territory of the city of Paris and the vast majority of its near suburbs. Operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), this constitutes a dense bus network complementary to other public transport networks, all organized and financed by Île-de-France Mobilités.
Other suburban bus lines are managed by private operators grouped in a consortium known as Optile (Organisation professionnelle des transports d'Île-de-France), an association of 80 private bus operators holding exclusive rights on their lines. There are approximately 9500 buses serving public transportation across the Paris region, all operators included.
RATP operates:
RATP bus lines operating mainly in the city proper of Paris, are named with a two-digit code number called "indice". Bus lines operated mainly in the suburbs are named with a three-digit number code.
RATP uses the numbers 20 to 96 for lines operated mainly in the city proper (1 to 19 are unused to avoid confusion with Metro lines); along with PC bus line (line 100) which runs along the Boulevard des Maréchaux section that is not yet covered by (Tramway lines 3a & 3b) . All this according to an organized scheme used since public transportation reorganization post-WWII.
The first digit represents the sector in Paris where the line's starting point is located:
The digit number represents the outermost arrondissement the line finishes (or crosses Paris' borders) in:
0 and 1 are used as "wildcards" for lines whose rightful indice is already taken, or for lines ending inside of Paris (40 or 91 for example).
A deep reorganization of the Paris bus network took place on April the 20th 2019. Although it didn't change the overall scheme mentioned above, it brought several irregularities, such as lines 20 21 & 24 no longer starting from Saint Lazare train station while brand new line 25 doesn't even approach it, line 30 now cut long before the Gare de l'Est, line 40 that doesn't even approach the Gare du Nord, or lines 71 & 77 that do not start from the center of Paris.
RATP operates 70 bus lines within the city of Paris proper, and a little over 200 bus lines in Paris suburbs.
In 2017, 1.15 billion journeys were made on RATP bus lines, including 382 million journeys on Paris lines and 768 million journeys on suburbs lines.
Jean François Porchez

Jean François Porchez (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ frɑ̃swa pɔʁʃɛz]) (born in 1964) is a French type designer. He founded the French type foundry Typofonderie in 1994. He was president of ATypI (Association Typographique Internationale), the leading organisation of type designers from 2004 to 2007. He is probably best known for releasing the new typefaces for Le Monde, the French evening newspaper in 1994. He has designed custom typefaces for customers such as Beyoncé Knowles, Costa Crocieres, France Télécom, Peugeot, RATP (Public Transport in Paris). For the Linotype Library Platinum collection, he did Sabon Next, a revival of Sabon, itself Jan Tschichold's revival of Garamond.
Porchez has been a visiting lecturer at the MA typeface design MATD program at the Reading University (United Kingdom) and regularly conducts type design workshops all over the world. He also contributes regularly to conferences and international publications. He published Lettres Françaises, a book (in French & English) that, at the time, showed a large selection of contemporary French digital typefaces. In late 2001 he was the President of a jury set up by the Ministère de l’Éducation Nationale to select the new handwriting model and system for France and was a jury member of the 3rd Linotype Type Design Contest.
He founded the community blog and website Le Typographe, dedicated to French speaking typography and typeface design.
List of tourist attractions in Paris

Paris, the capital of France, has an annual 30 million foreign visitors, and so is one of the most visited cities in the world. Paris's sights include monuments and architecture, such as its Arc de Triomphe, Eiffel Tower and neo-classic Haussmannian boulevards and buildings as well as museums, operas and concert halls. There are also more modern attractions such as its suburban Disneyland Paris.
Charles André

Charles André (1841–1928) was a French architect, son of François André and among the first in a long line of French architects in the André family. He specialized in Haussmannian architecture, a style which became extremely prominent throughout France in the 19th century. Beginning in 1901, he was a member of the École de Nancy.
Along with his son, Émile André, and Eugène Vallin, he was the architect of the Vaxelaire & Compagnie department store in Nancy, built in 1899-1901.