davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Царски клуб „Царица Йоанна“

Царски клуб „Царица Йоанна“ е неправителствена организация, учредена на 22 септември 1993 г. в читалище „Георги Раковски” в квартал „Лозенец”, град София и регистриран, като сдружение с нестопанска цел с решение на Софийски градски съд от 28.02.1994 г. С телеграма от Лисабон от 15.09.1993 г. Царица Йоанна приема предложението на доц. д-р арх. Недялка (Нели) Николова (основател и председател на организацията) да стане почетен член № 1 на бъдещия клуб. Заместник-председател на клуба е Мария Гигова.
Съгласно чл. 6 от устава целта на клуба е: „чрез просветна дейност да допринася за единение и просперитет на българската нация, около монархическата идея”. Задачите му са описани, както следва: „възпитание в дух на родолюбие, демократизъм и общочовешка нравственост; обогатяване на културата на населението по отношение на монархическата институция; изучаване и разпространяване на знания по историята на Българската държава – на българските ханове, князе и царе; събиране и опазване на документи и снимки или копия от тях, свързани с живота и дейността на българските царе, експертни оценки за царските имоти от архитекти, инженери, художници и изкуствоведи – членове на Царския клуб, с оглед тяхното опазване”.
През 1994 година със съдействието на арх. Васил Китов, клубът поема инициативата по организиране на възстановяването на гроба на Царица Елеонора, намиращ се в двора Боянската църква в град София. 1995 г. арх. Николова – председател на Царски клуб „Царица Йоанна”, участва в жури за „Паметник на жертвите на комунизма”. В този период организацията изразява своята подкрепа за Съюз на демократичните сили. През 1996 г. клубът осъществява среща с Цар Симеон II и Царица Маргарита, като през същата година до Народното събрание е внесено предложение: 22 септември да стане национален празник. През 1997 г. клубът участва в организирането на 90-годишния юбилей на Царица Йоанна, която почива на 26.02.2000 г. в Ещорил.
В протокол № 80 от 11.05.2001 г. от заседание на ръководството е изказано известно огорчение от решението на Цар Симеон II за създаване на политическа партия, като е поставен въпроса, дали клубът трябва да продължи своето съществуване.
Архивен фонд № 1590 Царски клуб „Царица Йоанна” се съхранява в Централния държавен архив (ЦДА) с осемнадесет архивни единици. Фондът е получен от доц. д-р арх. Недялка Николова.
Дворец в Баня

Дворецът в Баня, наричан още Дворец „Къщата“ или Царска къща, е лятна царска вила в Баня, Карловско, област Пловдив.
Използвана е от българския цар Борис III и рода му. Вилата е построена през 1929 г. в северния край на тогавашното село Баня по проект на известните български архитекти Иван Васильов и Димитър Цолов. Тя сред 6-те частни имота на царското семейство Кобурготски и единствената частна къща, построена от Борис III.
Борис III посещава Баня през 1925 г. след неуспешно лечение на ревматизма си в Хисаря. Тогава царят отсяда във вилата на своя приятел фабриканта Велизар Багаров. Царят оценява достойно преимуществата на Карловските бани и решава да построи своя лятна вила в близост до тях.
Земята, върху която е построена вилата, е била закупена от местните земеделци. Общата площ на малкия архитектурен ансамбъл е 10 дка., като 7 дка. е площта на парка, прилежащ към комплекса. Като любител на ботаниката цар Борис III създава един великолепен парк в царската къща. През парка е преминавала малка рекичка, която е напоявала красивите растения, които днес са представени от блатната секвоя, дивият кестен, магнолията и много други. Паркът лежи на богати извори на топли минерални води и на територията му има такъв лечебен минерален извор.
Вилата е построена в архитектурния стил на българския Романтизъм претворяващ духа на българската възрожденска архитектура с характерните за стила елементи и детайли като големия чардак, който раздвижва строгата линия на фасадата. Той е застлан с италиански теракот, а 5 дъбови колони осигуряват неговата устойчивост. Прозорците са с кепенци и други елементи, заимствани от българската възрожденска къща. Комплексът има още 2 по-малки сгради, предназначени за гости и прислуга. Целият имот е ограден с масивен, висок каменен зид с 2 дъбови ковани порти. Царската вила е семпло обзаведена, без излишен лукс и блясък.
След отмяната на монархията в България през 1946 г. дворецът в Баня е национализиран от тогавашния режим. Едва след демократичните промени българският съд в 90-те година на 20 век възстановява собствеността на двореца на наследниците на Борис III – княгиня Мария Луиза и цар Симеон II. Днес сградата съхранява автентична ориенталска мебел, картини от най-видни български художници приближени и ценени от българската царска династия като Константин Щъркелов, Борис Денев, Владимир Наумов и други. Вилата е първият дом в България на цар Симеон II след окончателното му завръщане в родината, той и сестра му със свои гости и приближени често пребивават тук, а Баня е избирателната секция където царят гласува. Комплексът е защитен с държавен статут на „паметник на културата“, за него се грижи Винарна „Розовата Долина“, винарната е известна с това, че от нейните 65 000 m² се произвеждат специални вина ценени от Херман Гьоринг и Адолф Хитлер, a които във времената на СССР се доставят специално за Политбюро на ЦК на КПСС и лично за Леонид Илич Брежнев.
Къщата е отворена за посещения при специални поводи и събития.
Саръгьол (дворец)

Дворецът „Саръгьол“ е обширна дървена сграда, използвана като ловна хижа от царете на Третото българско царство.
Построен е като ловна хижа от цар Фердинанд I между 1912 и 1914 г. близо до Боровец, в природен парк Рила, чиито гори са любимо място за лов на монарха. След отмяната на монархията през 1946 г. Саръгьол е национализиран от новия републикански режим в България и започва да се стопанисва от Българския ловно-рибарски съюз.
„Саръгьол“ е ремонтиран и съхранен в автентичния си вид. Стилът е съчетание на възрожденски и алпийско-европейска архитектура. В ловната хижа има както ловни трофеи на царя, така и вещи притежавани от царското семейство
През 2002 г. съдът обявява двореца Саръгьол за собственост на последния български Цар Симеон Сакскобургготски, сина на цар Борис III, но държавата води дела за Сарагьол, Царска Бистрица, Врана и други. През 2014 г. съдът обявява двореца за държавна собственост. Сакскобургготски впоследствие обжалва решението по съдебния казус.
Mionn Ard

Is teach solais suite sa Sean phobal i gContae Phort Láirge é Mionn Ard. Is é an teach solais is airde in éirinn é. Tógadh an teach solais i 1851. Leictríodh é ar Meán Fómhair 1964. Tá raon 12 mhíle ag an solas. Tá sé 87 méadar os cionn leibhéal na farraige.
Trevor Joyce

File Éireannach as Baile Átha Cliath ó dhúchas is ea Trevor Joyce (rugadh 26 October 1947).
Is comh-bhunaitheoir é den New Writers' Press (NWP) sa bhliain 1967 agus bun-eagarthóir ar The Lace Curtain; A Magazine of Poetry and Criticism de chuid an NWP sa bhliain 1968.. Is comh-bhunaitheoir é fosta den bhFeis bhliantiúil SoundEye Festival a eagraítear i gcathair Chorcaí.
Ceapadh Joyce ina Chomhalta ar Cuairt Filíochta Judith E. Wilson in Ollscoil Cambridge sa bhliain acadúil 2009/10. Bhí cónaitheachtaí aige ag Cill Rialaig, Contae Chiarraí, agus ag Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh.
Rugadh agus tógadh Joyce idir Sráid Mhuire i gcathair Átha Cliath agus sa Ghaeltacht sa Ghaillimh, áit dhúchais a chlainne. Is sin-sean-uncailí leis iad Patrick Weston Joyce agus Robert Dwyer Joyce.
Rinne sé Fealsúnacht agus Béarla ag Coláiste na hOllscoile, BÁC. Go luath sna 1980í, bhí léachtaí i mBaile Átha Cliath agus Oxford á reáchtáil aige faoi fhilíocht Chlaisiceach na Síne. Sa bhliain, bhog sé go Corcaigh, áit a rinne sé Eolaíocht Matamaiticiúil ag Coláiste na hOllscoile, Corcaigh. Tá cónaí air sa chathair anois.
Lus an chromchinn

Is planda bláthanna san fhine amaryllidaceae é lus an chromchinn (nó lus an aisig).
Planda bleibeach atá ann, a bhláthaíonn san earrach, agus dúchasach don Eoráise. I gcuid de na gnéithe, bíonn bláthanna buí ar chruth trumpa, 2.5 cm ar leithead, 6 theascán iombhlátha mórthimpeall air, agus iad níos éadroime ná an trumpa.
Is hibridí iad na bláthanna a fhástar i ngairdíní in Éirinn den chuid is mó.
Reáchtálfar Lá Lus an Chromchinn le linn mhí an Mhárta in Éirinn gach bliain. Is é an ócáid bhailithe airgid is mó a bhíonn ag Cumann Ailse na hÉireann. Is iondúil go mbíonn oibrithe deonacha an Chumainn amuigh ar shráideanna na hÉireann ó cheann ceann na tíre agus iad ag bailiú airgid.
Bray Head

Bray Head (Irish: Ceann Bhré) is a 241 m (791 ft) hill and headland located in northern County Wicklow, Ireland, between the towns of Bray and Greystones. It forms part of the Wicklow Mountains and is a popular spot with hillwalkers. At the top of the head is a concrete cross which was placed there in 1950 during the holy year. Every Good Friday, hundreds of local people climb to the top of the head in a Good Friday procession marking the stations of the Cross as they go along, with the final station being held at the holy year cross. The headland and adjacent lands were designated under a Special Amenity Area Order in March 2008.
The most direct way to reach the cross at the top (about 190m above sea level) is via an ascending footpath that begins just outside the free car park on the lower, northern slopes, to the south of Bray Esplanade. This is a half-hour walk for a fit person. The footpath, after the initial section with cut steps, is a rough path formed by rainwater and ascending through natural woodland. A more gradual route can be taken from the Southern Cross, by Bray Golf Club, which is easier underfoot. There is also a route which ascends from the Greystones side of the cliff walk; this route leads quite directly up the east side of the hill and as a result is quite steep, Upon reaching the top you can then walk the path along to the cross.
The Dublin-Wicklow railway line runs outside of Bray Head along the coast, sometimes travelling within feet of the cliffs. This line, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, is referred to as Brunel's Folly, due to the ongoing maintenance costs associated with maintaining a cliff-face line. The line had to be diverted on three occasions in 1876, 1879, and 1917. A serious accident occurred on 9 August 1867 when a passenger train derailed on nearby Brandy Hole Viaduct, causing the deaths of two passengers. The rail trip between Dublin and Bray Daly railway station, the nearest station to Bray Head, takes approximately 45 minutes.
On the morning of 14 April 2012, a waterspout was observed just off the coast of Bray Head.
The slate sea-cliffs at Bray Head have been established as a minor rock-climbing location since the 1970s, though a few of the climbs were originally recorded in the 1940s. The 2009 guidebook lists 27 single-pitch climbs, generally in the lower grades, up to HVS.
James Arthur O'Connor

James Arthur O'Connor (1792 – 7 January 1841) was an Irish painter.
James Arthur O'Connor was born 15 Aston's Quay, Dublin – the son of an engraver and printer, William O'Connor. O'Connor would become a distinguished, self taught landscape painter focusing on small but intense landscapes of wild scenery. He received just a art few lessons from William Sadler. In 1813 he travelled to London with Francis Danby and George Petrie. O'Connor exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1822. O'Connor visited France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Rhineland. He died poor, in Brompton, London, 7 January 1841. O'Connor was married – his wife's name was Anastatia.
The list below contains an incomplete list of his works and gives either the owner (in 1985) or the location of where the original is found today (or both).
Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications

The Department of Climate, Environment and Energy (Irish: An Roinn Aeráide, Comhshaoil agus Fuinnimh) is a department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors and regulates, protects and develops the natural resources of Ireland. The head of the department is the Minister for Climate, Environment and Energy.
The official headquarters and ministerial offices of the Department are at Tom Johnson House, Beggar's Bush, Dublin. The departmental team consists of the following:
The Department of Environment, Climate and Communications is subdivided into the following divisions:
Among the State Agencies and other bodies affiliated to the Department in some way are:
Among the state-sponsored bodies of Ireland under the aegis of the Minister are:
The Department of Fisheries was created in 1921 during the Ministry of Dáil Éireann. It was given a statutory basis by the Ministers and Secretaries Act 1924, soon after the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. This act provided it with:
The Schedule assigned it with the duties of the following bodies:
The name and functions of the department have changed several times by statutory instruments.
Coastwatch Europe

Coastwatch Europe is a voluntary organisation which monitors the coastal and wetland environments of several European countries, campaigns for improvements to environmental policies and for the implementation of existing environmental legislation, and organises public information events and seminars. The scope of activities of coastwatch organisations in different countries varies, but all member countries participate in the annual Coastwatch Survey of coastal litter and pollution. The Coastwatch Survey in Ireland provided strong positive feedback in relation to the plastic bag levy within a year of its introduction and the number of plastic bags per kilometer continued to fall to less than 10% of 2001 levels.
Coastwatch Europe's international co-ordinator is Karin Dubsky.
Coastwatch Europe began as The Dublin Bay Environment Group, which became the Irish Coastal Environment Group as more national issues were covered by their agenda, and then Coastwatch Europe, as volunteers established networks in other countries to organise participation in the international litter and pollution survey.
Bellman's lost-in-a-forest problem

Bellman's lost-in-a-forest problem is an unsolved minimization problem in geometry, originating in 1955 by the American applied mathematician Richard E. Bellman. The problem is often stated as follows: "A hiker is lost in a forest whose shape and dimensions are precisely known to him. What is the best path for him to follow to escape from the forest?" It is usually assumed that the hiker does not know the starting point or direction he is facing. The best path is taken to be the one that minimizes the worst-case distance to travel before reaching the edge of the forest. Other variations of the problem have been studied.
Although non-contrived real-world applications are not apparent, the problem falls into a class of geometric optimization problems, including search strategies that are of practical importance. A bigger motivation for study has been the connection to Moser's worm problem. It was included in a list of 12 problems described by the mathematician Scott W. Williams as "million buck problems" because he believed that the techniques involved in their resolution will be worth at least a million dollars to mathematics.
A proven solution is only known for a few shapes or classes of shape, such as regular polygons and a circle. In particular, all shapes which can enclose a 60° rhombus with longer diagonal equal to the diameter have a solution of a straight line. The equilateral triangle is the only regular polygon which does not have this property, and has a solution consisting of a zig-zag line with three segments of equal length. The solution for many other shapes remains unknown. A general solution would be in the form of a geometric algorithm which takes the shape of the forest as input and returns the optimal escape path as the output.
Evita, vida y obra de Eva Perón

Evita, Vida y Obra de Eva Perón es una historieta biográfica de Héctor Germán Oesterheld (guion) y Alberto Breccia (dibujo), que relata la vida de Eva Perón.
La historieta fue escrita por Oesterheld a continuación de otra dedicada al Che Guevara y realizada también junto a Breccia, Vida del Che, y estaba prevista como parte de una serie de historietas dedicadas a importantes figuras latinoamericanas. Sin embargo, dicho proyecto se vio frustrado. Al salir a la venta la historieta del Che Guevara la misma fue retirada de circulación y sus ejemplares destruidos por la dictadura cívico-militar autotitulada como "Revolución Argentina" (1966-1973), y los restantes proyectos cancelados. La historieta de Evita ya tenía guion y Breccia ya había realizado los dibujos, pero no se finalizó.
Años después se le propuso a Breccia realizar una versión diferente, con otro guionista. Aunque utilizaba los mismos dibujos, era políticamente neutra y tenía colores e impresión de baja calidad.
Sin embargo, durante el 2002 el editor Javier Doeyo encontró por casualidad en la casa de Breccia (muerto en 1993) una copia del guion original de Oesterheld. Con la aprobación de las viudas de ambos artistas rescató los dibujos originales en blanco y negro, y les colocó los guiones originales.
El guion original recibió un par de correcciones menores, tales como indicar el destino final del proyecto del Hospital de Niños (que fue abandonado, tomado como hogar por indigentes, conocido como Albergue Warnes y finalmente demolido en 1991) o el paradero del cuerpo de Evita (extraviado en aquel entonces, pero que a la fecha de la edición ya se encontraba en el cementerio de la Recoleta).
El libro que recrea así la historieta originalmente concebida por Oesterheld y Breccia fue editado por Doedytores en el 2002. Durante el año 2007 se la editó en la "Biblioteca Clarín de la Historieta", junto a Vida del Che.
La historieta describe, a modo de biografía, la vida de Evita desde su nacimiento hasta su muerte. La misma está escrita desde un punto de vista profundamente peronista y partidario, así como también crítico con los militares y los opositores.
La historieta no utiliza los métodos habituales del género para el relato. No hay globos de texto para indicar lo que los personajes "dicen" o "piensan", ni se sigue una acción de forma secuencial entre una viñeta y otra. En cambio, se relata en tercera persona la vida de Eva Perón y los dibujos se limitan a ilustrar las situaciones descriptas.
Kirehe Greening

Akarere ka Kirehe kemejwe nk’umwe mu mijyi yunganira Umujyi wa Kigali igomba gutezwa imbere, ku buryo hari impinduka zatangiye kugaragara mu iterambere yaba mu bikorwaremezo n’imiturire. Kuri ubu Nyakarambi ifatwa nk’umujyi mukuru w’Akarere ka Kirehe ituwe n’abaturage bagera ku bihumbi 25.
Mu bice byagenewe ubusitani ku mihanda yo mu Mujyi wa Nyakarambi mu Karere ka Kirehe hari kurimbishwa haterwa imikindo n’ibyatsi bya Pasiparumu muri gahunda yiswe ‘Kirehe Greening’ igamije kugira Kirehe itoshye kandi ikeye.
bwo hatangizwaga ubukangurambaga ku isuku, umutekano no kurwanya igwingira mu Karere ka Kirehe habayeho no gushyira haba mu mujyi wa Nyakarambi no mu zindi santere zihuriramo abantu benshi ibyapa bikangurira abantu kugira isuku, kwita ku mutekano no kurwanya igwingira; no gushyiraho za Pubeli cyangwa ahagenewe gushyirwa imyanda mu rwego rwo kurwanya umwanda no kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Akarere ka Kirehe kari muri gahunda yo gutera ibiti ku mbande zombi z’umuhanda munini wa kaburimbo[Ngoma-Rusumo] uva ahitwa Cyunuzi mu Murenge wa Gatore, kugeza ku mupaka wa Rusumo.
Kirehe vc

Kirehe vc (Kirehe Volleyball Club) ni ikipe yashinze muri 2010 mu Mujyi wa kigali, ikaba ibarizwa mu karere ka kirehe. Kirehe Volleyball Club ni ikipe ibarizwa mu Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation, FRVB), Kirehe VC yitabira amarushanwa atandukanye ya volleyball mu Rwanda.
Amazi muri kirehe

Mu gihe ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe by’umwihariko ku bikorwa by’ubuhinzi mu Karere ka Kirehe zirushaho kugira ubukana, imishinga mito ibyara inyungu yatangijwe ku bufatanye bwa Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije n’izindi nzego iratanga icyizere cyo kugoboka abagenerwabikorwa.
Imiterere y’Akarere ka Kirehe ituma katagusha imvura nyinshi ariko iyo iguye iteza isuri mu duce tumwe na tumwe twako ikangiza byinshi birimo n’ibihingwa.Magingo aya mu mirenge itandukanye bagushije imvura nke mu ntangiriro za Nzeri gusa, ku buryo imbuto bahinze zanze kumera izindi zibaburwa n’izuba. Si umwihariko waha gusa ahubwo ingaruka z’izuba ryinshi ziboneka hirya no hino muri Kirehe mu Karere katagira amashyamba ashobora gukurura ubuhehere. Aho bagerageje gutera ibiti ngo ntibimera n’ibihonotse ubushyuhe bwinshi biribwa n’umuswa nk’uko Ntakirutimana yakomeje abisobanura.
Umushinga wo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu kibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Victoria (Adaptating to Climate Change in Lake Victoria Basin: ACC) ushyirwa mu bikorwa na Komisiyo y’Ikibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Victoria (Lake Victoria Basin Commission: LVBC), ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, ibikorwa byawo biri mu Karere ka Kirehe mu mirenge ya Gatore, Musaza na Gahara. Washowemo ibihumbi 520 by’amadolari ya Amerika ni ukuvuga agera kuri miliyoni 520 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda nk’uko Umuhuzabikorwa wawo, Muhawenimana Seth yabisobanuye. Mu Murenge wa Gatore ingo 160 zasaniwe inzu zinahabwa ibigega bifata amazi y’ibisenge mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’isuri yatwaraga ubutaka akanangiza igishanga cya Kijumbura gihingwamo umuceri.
Kuba abaturage barahawe ibigega bifata amazi byanakemuye ikibazo cy’ibura ryayo kuko yavaga kure bikagora imiryango kubona ayo ikoresha imirimo yo mu rugo n’igihe bakeneye kuhira amatungo.
Mu Murenge wa Musaza hatewe inkunga imishinga iciriritse ibyara inyungu irimo iy’ubuhinzi bw’urusenda, ubworozi bw’ingurube n’ihene, ubukorikori burimo ububoshyi n’ubudozi bw’imyenda no gutunganya umusatsi by’umwihariko ku bakoreraga ubuhinzi mu nkengero z’Umugezi w’Akagera bwangizaga amazi yawo.
Ibiti by'imbuto muri Kirehe

Ubuyobozi mu Karere ka Kirehe bugaragaza ko bukomeje gushyira imbaraga muri gahunda ya Leta y’uko buri rugo rugira ibiti nibura bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa mu rwego kwihaza mu biribwa no kurwanya imirire mibi, aho hirya no hino muri aka karere iyi gahunda imaze kwitabirwa ku gipimo cya 75%.
Gahunda y’uko buri rugo rugira ibiti nibura bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, yatangijwe ku mugaragaro muri 2019/2020 na Minisitiri w’intebe Dr. Ngirente Edouard mu rwego rwo kongera umubare w’ibiti hagamijwe kandi kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi no kurwanya imirire mibi.Icyo gihe yasabye abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze by’umwihariko abafite aho bahuriye n’ubuhinzi n’ubukungu gushyira imbaraga muri iyi gahunda bikajyana kandi na gahunda yo gutera imboga muri buri rugo
.
Abakigorwa no kubona ingemwe z’ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa hari inama abagirwa, ati: “Hari abo tugenda duha ibiti by’imbuto nka avoka n’imyembe, ariko hari n’inama tugira abaturage kuko nka avoka bashobora kuzituburira. Afashe ikibuto cya avoka yeze neza, akagishyira ahantu nyuma kirimeza, hanyuma akakibatura hahandi akagitera aho gikwiye gukurira; n’ubwo buryo buri mu bwo dushishikariza abaturage gukoresha.”
Mu Karere ka Kirehe habarurwa ingo zigera ku bihumbi 97, zituwemo n’abaturage basaga ibihumbi 415; ikigereranyo cy’ubuso buteyeho ibiti n’amashyamba ni 18%.
Kirehe District

Kirehe is a district (akarere) in Eastern Province, Rwanda. Its capital is Kirehe town (which is usually known as Rusumo, being the major settlement of the former Rusumo district).
The district comprises areas in the far south-eastern corner of Rwanda, bordering Tanzania and Burundi. Its most noteworthy feature is Rusumo Falls, the waterfall on the Kagera River, which has been key to Rwandan history.
The district is characterized by savanna, acacia trees and few natural forests, these and the existence of the Kagera River contributes to a temperate climate in the region.
Kirehe district is divided into 12 sectors (imirenge): Gahara, Gatore, Kigarama, Kigina, Kirehe, Mahama, Mpanga, Musaza, Mushikiri, Nasho, Nyamugari and Nyarubuye.
2°15′S 30°44′E﻿ / ﻿2.250°S 30.733°E﻿ / -2.250; 30.733
New Zealand Veterinary Association

The New Zealand Veterinary Association Te Pae Kīrehe (NZVA), formerly the New Zealand Veterinary Association, is a professional organisation in New Zealand.
The association was established in 1923 to "assist in the development of the profession, including the registration of veterinarians, making submissions to Parliament and other bodies, negotiating conditions of employment and to advocate veterinary training in New Zealand". In 2023, the organisation's stated purpose is "To build exceptional working lives as veterinary professionals by providing support, resources and advocacy."
As of 2023, the elected President is Kate Hill. On 29 May 2023, the organisation announced that it would use the Māori term Te Pae Kīrehe in addition to its English name in order to be more inclusive. The translation was provided by Rawinia Higgins, Chair of the Māori Language Commission (Māori: Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori).
The NZAS has fifteen regional networks throughout New Zealand and twelve special interest branches. It hosts several annual conferences, meetings and events for members.
The NZAS publishes the New Zealand Veterinary Journal, as well as the magazine VetScript and SciQuest, an e-library of Australian and New Zealand veterinary publications.
The NZAS gives out a number of awards, including:
Honorary life members include Jack Filmer, Geoff Moon, Cyril Hopkirk, Bill Manktelow, Neil Bruère, and Jenny Weston.
Kendi

Kendi (lemesna: Caratan) nyaéta wadah paranti nendeun cai nginum, asalna tina taneuh liat anu wangunna buleud, beuheungna panjang. Kendi téh mangrupa barang gagarabahan pikeun wadah cai, biasana lamun cai ditendeun dina kendi osok jadi tiis. Biasana kendi osok ditendeun dina luhureun méja paranti dahar.
Sebutan kendi ilaharna dipikawanoh di Asia Tenggara. Kecap kendi asalna tina basa Sanskrit India nyaéta kundika anu hartina wadah cai nginum. Dina ikonografi Hindu kundika mangrupa rarangkén ti Dewa Brahma jeung Dewa Siwa. Sedengkeun dina agama Budha kundika kendi téh mangrupa Awalokisteswara jeung peziarah Bhuda anu mawa kendi, dianggap salah sahiji tina dalapan welas wadah cai anu dianggap jadi Rahib Suci Bhuda dina lalampahan néangan Kitab Suci.
Pungsi utamana kendi nyaéta pikeun wadah cai nginum, sangkan cai téh jadi tiis jeung seger. Kendi ogé bisa jadi wadah pikeun ubar saperti ramuan (obat-obatan tradisional). Salain ti éta kendi ogé dipaké pikeun acara-acara nu tangtu, saperti dina kawinan di mana kendi téh jadi lambang kawin, cai anu aya dina éta kendi dianggap suci, murni jeung tiis, anu ngagambarkeun simbol kawin (nikah) anu sampurna. Di Jawa Barat aya upacara kawin, anu dina prakprakanana pangantén awéwé ngumbah suku pangantén lalaki ku cai kendi. Kendi ogé dipaké dina acara sakral nalika upacara saméméh ngurebkeun mayit, saencan dikurebkeun osok aya tradisi meupeuskeun kendi anu eusina cai. Kendi dipaké pikeun penobatan atawa pengukuhan, saperti acara ékspor perdana, kontainer dibanjur ku cai kendi anu geus dipeupeuskeun, atawa nalika méré ngaran hiji pausahaan.
Di Jawa Barat kendi dipaké pikeun upacara adat ngawinkeun, Di Jawa Tengah kendi dipaké nalika upacara ngurebkeun mayit. Di Bali kendi dipaké dina acara-acara kaagamaan, jeung dipaké barang kaulinan budak.
Gembyung

Gembyung nyaéta ensambel musik anu diwangun ti sawatara waditra saperti tarompet anu mangrupa jenis kasenian bernafaskan Islam. Sanajan kitu, di lapang kapanggih sawatara kasenian Gembyung anu henteu ngagunakeun waditra tarompet.
Seni tradisional Gembyung asalna tina ngaran salah sahiji gamelan Sunda anu disebut Goong, dilengkepan ku pakakas musik séjénna, jumlah pamaenna kira-kira 25 jalma. Tugasna salaku: pamaén kenting hiji jeung dua; pamaén kemong hijijeung dua; pamaén kendang katipluk; pamaén kolenter; pamaén gembyung hiji jeung dua; pamaén suling; pamaén rebab; sarta pamaén kemong hiji jeung dua.
Biasana kasenian Gembyung ti Kabupatén Majaléngka ieu dipintonkeun nalika dina acara-acara religius, contona dina acara nikahan, muludan, peresmian masjid atawa haolan kawas di Pasantrén Barang Cirebon, sarta di salah sahiji pasantrén di Kabupatén Subang (di Pamanukan). Sajaba ti éta, kungsi ogé dipintonkeun pikeun ngawakilan seni tradisional Majaléngka anu dilaksanakeun di Taman Mini Indonésia Indah dina taun1984 sarta 1986.
Pintonan seni Gembyung dikawitan ku macakeun tawasul sarta hadhoroh ka Nabi Muhammad SAW, para kulawargana sarta para sahabatna sarta ka para umatna anu taat ka Anjeunna. Tuluy nembangkeun shalawat ti Kitab barjanji (nyaéta kitab anu ditulis Imam Barjajnji) atawa anu disebut Debaan, dipirig ku musik gembyung. Mimiti ayana seni budaya tradisional Gembyung di Kabupatén Majaléngka kira-kira saméméh taun1930­ an. Para inohong seni ieu nyaéta H.E. Zaenal Muttagin, Dudung, ustadz Sadeli ti Gunung Manik kacamatan Talaga, H.E. Jaelani, SH ogé Bupati ayeuna Hj. Tutty Hayati Anwar SH., M.Si. Sanajan kaasup seni anu miboga akar budaya buhun (kuno), tapi dina sumebarna condong dikemas sacara dinamis ku para seniman anu ahli di widangna nyaéta kalayan nuturkeun perkembangan jaman.
Sawatara kelompok kasenian gembyung di antarana:
Tutunggulan

Tutunggulan asal kecapna tunggul anu hartina ciri;nyaéta nutugan lisung ku hulu halu ku sababaraha urang awéwé. Tutunggulan téh dilakukeunana di jaman baheula sababaraha poé(biasana pitilupoéeun deui) méméh kariaan, minangka ngingetan ka tatangga atawa ngingetan salelembur supaya jadi tunggul (ciri). Biasana tutunggulan jadi tunggara pikeun masarakat yén aya nu rék hajat Lagu dina tutunggulan biasana Gondang; dina keur tutunggulan biasana lamun ninggang di parawan sok ditalaksir ku jajaka. Tutunggulan kiwari jadi salah sahiji kasenian tradisional. Baheula saméméh aya mesin héler, masarakat maké tutunggulan jang nutu paré. Kiwari mah kasenian anu maké halu jeung lisung ieu dijadikeun kasenian tradisional hususna ku masarakat Subang-Jawa barat anu sering di festivalkeun. Sakumaha kasenian sacara umum, dina kasenian tradisional tutunggulan ogé lian ti aya unsur éstétikana tapi aya ogé ajén-ajén séjén anu ngawengku ajén sosial kayaning gotong royong, katartiban, jeung kateraturan atawa kadisiplinan. Seni Tutunggulan atau Ngarempug Nutu (menumbuk padi bersama) biasana aya dina acara Ngaleunggeuh. Bédana lamun dina Tutunggulan, paré ngan saukur Tamba Kadengda (saukur syarat),tapi dina seni Ngaleunggeuh, paré anu dipaké dina tutunggulan dijadikeun bekel acara hajatan atawa salametan éta sorangan. Masarakat nalika ngadéngé tutunggulan langsung surti yén dina waktu anu teu lila deui aya nu rék hajat. Sabada ngadéngé sora tutunggulan maranéhna nataharkeun bahan-bahan anu rék dibikeun ka nu rék hajat. Nalika dua atawa tilu poé saméméhna éta bahan-bahan anu geus ditatahrkeun di anterkeun ka nu rék hajat.Biasana geus mangrupa kadaharan jadi kayaning Opak, Rangginang, Wajit, bungbuahan kayaning cau aya ogé anu nganteuran béas.
Imah Adat Penjalin

Imah Adat Penjalin nyaéta imah adat nu aya di désa Panjalin Kidul, Kacamatan Sumberjaya, Kabupatén Majaléngka. Sacara astronomis imah adat ieu aya di koordinat 6º41’51” LS dan 108º21’25” BT. Imah Adat Penjalin mangrupa bukti sajarah atawa objek wisata budaya ti Raja Sanata. Manéhna nyaéta katurunan ti Talaga nu keur guguru di pondok pasantrén Pager Gunung, deukeut Kampung Panjalin. Raden Sanéh nikah jeung Seruniyang nyaéta anak ti sesepuh Kampung Panjalin, nyaéta Raja Syahrani. Raja Syahrani na sorangan mangrupa katurunan ti Cirebon nu cicing, hirup, jeung maot di Panjalin. Di tempat ieu manéhna nyebarkeun ajaran agama islam. Imah Adat ieu hampir sarua jeung imah adat Minahasa. Imah adat ieu baheulana dingaranan alas panjalin nu hartina hutan rotan.
Imah Adat Penjalin ieu mangrupa imah panggung nu miboga 16 tiang panyoko tina kai, ukuranna 9 x 9 m, léga na kira-kira 172 m2. Imah adat ieu dibagi jadi dua bagian, nyaéta ruang hareup jeung ruang tengah. Kadua bagian ieu diwatesan ku tembok nu dijieun tina kai nu dilengkepan maké panto. Imah adat ieu ngan boga hiji panto nu aya di gigir timur bagian hareup imah, sangkan bisa ngahontal panto kudu maké tarajé. Tembok imahna dijieun tina kai. Di luhureun imahna aya hiasan-hiasan géometris. Imah bagian tengahna maké bambu boh tembokna boh lantaina.
Imah Adat Penjalin ieu geus hampir punah, ku lantaran leungitna benda-benda sajarah disababkeun ku kurangna perhatian ti pamaréntah. Aksés ka imah adat ieu henteu hésé, tapi jalanna kurang alus jeung deui euweuh kandaraan umum pikeun ngahontal ka objek wisata budaya ieu. Masih aya nu daratang ka imah adat ieu sanajan henteu loba teuing ogé, biasana unggal peuting jum'at aya pengunjung nu sok mareuting di dieu. Pikeun bisa asup ka imah adat ieu teu ditangtuken sabaraha-sabarahana, saiklasna nu datang méré.
Ranginang

Rangginang (atawa raginang, ranginang, Basa Indonésia:rengginang, rengginan) mangrupa kadaharan nu kasohor di Indonésia. Teu sirikna di unggal wewengkon, utamana di Pulo Jawa, miboga kamonésan ranginang gumantung wewengkonna masing-masing.
Rangginang bisa didahar langsung, minangka susuguh keur sémah boh di imah atawa dinu kariaan, atawa bisa ogé keur deungeun sangu. Keur didahar langsung, cocog lamun rangginang didahar jeung cikopi.
Ranginang dijieun tina béas ketan anu diseupan sareng dibungbuan. Bungbuna bisa rupa-rupa gumantung kana rasa nu dipikaresep. Pikeun ranginang asin, uyah, bawang bodas jeung sajabana tangtu dibutuhkeun. Kadang-kadang ditambahan tarasi. Keur raginang amis, tangtu kudu maké gula
Kanggo ngadamel rangginang, béas ketan diseupan sareng dibungbuan. Saparantosna cekap asakna (teu kenging asak teuing), ketan nu tos pagalo sareng bungbu teras dicitak, didaraykeun dina nyiru, ayakan atanapi rupi-rupi anyaman anu tiasa dipaké kanggo moe. Lajeng rangginang dipoé dugikeun ka garing. Saparantosna garing, rangginang atah digoréng.
Neolitikum

Néolitikum nyaéta hiji jaman anu geus kaliwat di mana manusa harita geus wanoh kana sistem tatanén ,dina mangsa ieu jelema geus ngosok pakakas-pakakas anu dijieun tina batu nepi ka lemes. Tatanén sarta ternak geus leuwih maju sarta jelema geus nyieun imah-imah anu permanen. Imah-imah kasebut dijieun ku babarengan ku kituna nyarupaan kampung. Dina mangsa ieu geus bisa nyieun tembikar sarta pertenunan geus maju. Pakakas-pakakas batu anu aya dina mangsa ieu nyaéta beliung pasagi sarta belincung. Beliung pasagi nyaéta hiji pakakas anu dijieun tina batu kalisedon , keur widang handapna (widang proximal) saeutik bingkeng. Bangian hareup biasana leuwih leutik batan bagian tungtungna. Bagian hareup ieu henteu digosok. Bagian tungtungna disebut ogé bagian tajaman, digosok atawa diasah ngan dina sisi handap (dina widang proximal waé). Beliung diasah nepi ka lemes sarta hérang. Cara makénéa nyaéta ditalian dina kai. Dina jaman néolitikum , kaayaan lingkungan alam loba nu robah. Naékna cai sagara ngabalukarkeun daratan nambahan heureut. Hawa jadi leuwih panas, ngajadikeun taneuh garing di unggal wewengkon. Wewengkon tempat manusa moro beuki heureut , samentara nu nyicingan bumi beuki nambahan. Sakabéh éta ngabalukarkeun manusa henteu deui bisa sapinuhna ngagantungkeun diri ti na pakasaban moro . Maranéhanana kudu sanggup ngahasilkeun kadaharan sorangan. Alatan éta , manusa mimitian ngembangkeun pepelakan sarta ternak sato nu tangtu. Jadi manusa anu baheulana ngan jadi tukang ngumpulkeun kadaharan kiwari jadi penghasil kadaharan. Parobahan anu pohara ngadasar éta mindeng disebut revolusi neolitikum , sanajan sabenerna parobahan kasebut lumangsung dina jangka waktu anu lila. Dina mangsa tatanén , tutukeyran barang atawa barter geus dipigawé. Kutan di wewengkon anu beunghar ku batu jelema leuwih loba nambang batu pikeun dijieun beliung. Sajaba dipaké sorangan , sawaréh hasilna ditukeurkeunn jeung barang séjén anu henteu bisa maranéhanana hasilkan sorangan. Kitu ogé , nu nyicingan anu bisa nyieun gerabah baris menukarkan sawaréh hasil karajinan maranéhanana jeung barang séjén .
Buka Palayu

Buka Palayu mangrupa salah sahiji wangun imah adat nu aya di tatar Sunda. Disebut Buka Palayu téh sabab posisi hateup na nu nyanghareup panjang. Posisi panto dina ieu imah adat téh mangaruhan pisan, jadi kudu nyanghareup kana salah sahiji sisi nyaéta sakabéh garis suhu salib ti kenca ka katuhu. Saupama ditingali di hareup imah, posisi na téh katingali jelas yén sakabéh garis suhunanna ti kénca ka katuhu. Ku ayana jaman nu leuwih modern loba ogé imah-imah nu model bangunana kabarat-baratan. Tapi, di Jawa Barat sorangan, khususna di daérah-daérah nu ngahubungkeun Kota Cirebon jeung Kota Bandung masih bisa kapanggih modélan imah-imah nu disebut Buka Palayu. Ciri khas tina imah modél buka palayu teh suhunanana anu panjang.
Sakur imah nu aya di tatar Sunda téh miboga struktur bagéanna séwang-séwangan, dibagéan panutup imah aya nu disebut suhunan atawa hateup anumana miboga fungsi pikeun.
Batik Ciamis

Batik Ciamis nyaéta batik anu asalna ti Ciamis. Kiwari batik Ciamis téh ampir tinggal ngaranna. Ngaranna anu baheula gedé, kiwari tilem kagusur ku kamodérenan jaman. Sajaba ti éta kamajuan industri tékstil anu sing sarwa citak (kaasup industri batik citak atawa printing ogé milu mangaruhan kana éksisténsi batik Ciamis. Teu ukur kitu, balukar tina bituna gunung Galunggung jeung situasi perékonomian anu teu stabil ogé, jadi milu ngarojong kana kaayaan pangusaha batik tulis, nepi ka loba anu bangkar.
Lokasi industri batik Ciamis sarta anu masih éksis nepi ka kiwari nyaéta di wewengkon Kacamatan Ciamis. Sacara géografis aya di antara ± 108°20’-108°40’ Bujur Timur jeung 7°40’20” Lintang Selatan, kalayan jangkungna ± 199 m tina beungeut cai.
Lanting

Lanting nyaéta kadaharan anu dijieun tina bahan sampeu beunang nyeupan tuluy digoréng nemipa garing. Lanting beunang ngagoréng bisa ditunda dina waktu anu cukup lila, tur gampang dibungkusna. Lanting kaasup kadaharan atawa olahan anu ilahar dijual pikeun oléh-oléh, daérah anu kasohor ku lanting saperti Kebumen, Purwokerto. Bahan-bahan campuran pikeun nyieun lanting kayaning: Sampeu, tipung kanji, endog, katuncar, bawang bodas, jeung uyah.
Kuéh lapis

Kuéh lapis téh kadaharan has ti Indonésia. Ieu kuéh biasana ngawengku saeutikna dua warna nu paselang-selang, nu ngajadikeun ieu kuéh téh dingaranan kitu, lantaran manglapis-lapis. Ieu kuéh dijieun tina tipung béas, aci hui, cipati, gula pasir, uyah jeung pawarna. Ieu kuéh, unggal lapisna téh diseupan saméméh ditimpah ku lapisan lianna di luhurna. Ieu kuéh gampang manggihanana di tiap wewengkon.
Pawarna nu dipaké pikeun kuéh lapis bisa tina pawarna kasaharan jieunan atawa pawarna alami. Pawarna nu sok dipaké mah nyaéta pandan (héjo) jeung sirop kembang mawar (beureum).
Munggahan

Munggahan nyaéta tradisi masarakat sunda pikeun ngabagéakeun bulan Ramadhan anu dilaksanakeun dina ahir bulan Sya’ban (hiji atawa dua poé saméméh bulan Ramadhan). Bentuk palaksanaanana rupa-rupa, umumna ngumpul jeung kulawarga jeung baraya, dahar babarengan (botram), silih hampura, jeung solat babarengan. Salian ti éta, aya ogé nu nganjang ka tempat wisata jeung kulawargana, ziarah ka makam kolot atawa jalma soleh, atawa ngalaksanakeun sedekah (sedekah dina poé saméméh bulan puasa).
Munggahan asalna tina basa Sunda unggah anu hartina naék, anu hartina naék kana bulan suci atawa luhur darajat. Tradisi munggahan miboga tujuan pikeun muji sukur ka Alloh, pikeun ngabersihkeun diri tina hal-hal anu goréng dina taun-taun saméméhna sarta ngajauhan kalakuan-kalakuan anu goréng nalika puasa di bulan Ramadhan.
Citakan:Budaya-stub
papajar jarah
Cuhcur

Cuhcur atawa kuéh cuhcur (basa Indonésia: cucur, basa Thailand: khanom fak bua, ขนมฝักบัว, diéjah [kʰā.nǒm fàk būa̯] atawa khanom chuchun (ขนมจู้จุน atawa จูจุ่น)) nyaéta kadaharan has Sunda nu dijieun tina campuran tipung béas, gula jeung cipati. Ieu kuéh ogé dipikawanoh di sakuliah Indonésia, Malaysia, Thailand jeung Viétnam. Di wewengkon Sunda, kuéh cuhcur sok dijual di pasar sarta geus teu bireuk deui. Ari di Brunéi jeung Malaysia, istilah cucur téh dipaké pikeun nyebutkeun goréngan. Jenis cuhcur nu populér di Brunéi jeung Malaysia mah aya Jemput-jemput (Cokodok) jeung Pinjaram (Kuih cucur gula merah/melaka). Di Thailand Kidul, kuéh cuhcur sok disuguhkeun dina acara hajatan nikahkeun.
Ieu caneuteun, dijieun tina tipung béas dicampurkeun jeung gula kawung, sisina ipis tengahna kandel, nyongclo buleud kawas endog ceplok. Urang Thailand mibanda kayakinan yén cuhcur téh sarupa kawas taraté ni tumuwuh dina kaayaan kumabaé. Jadi, ieu téh kawas katrésna papasangan nu anyar nikah, bakal tumuwuh kalawan lancar jeung suksés dina hirup rumah tanggana. Urang Thailand sok nyuguhkeun cuhcur dina acara hajatan. Sakapeung mah sok dijadikeun hadiah. Biasana, urang Thailand sok langsung didahar saprak nyat anyar ngagoréng lantaran hipu jeung haneut kénéh. Mun diengkeun lila teuing mah sok jadi cepet jeung tengal, loba minyakan deuih.
Tarling

Tarling' mangrupa kasenian has ti wewengkon basisir wétan sagara Jawa Barat (Indramayu-cirebon sarta sakurilingna). Wangun kasenian ieu dina dasarna nyaéta pintonan musik, tapi dibiruyungan kalayan drama pondok. Ngaran "tarling" dicokot ti singgetan dua pakakas musik dominan: gitar akuistik sarta suling. Sajaba kadua instrumen ieu, aya ogé sajumlah perkusi, saron, kempul, sarta gong. Mimiti tumuwuhna tarling henteu écés. Tapi kitu, dina taun1950-an musik sarupa tarling geus disiarkan ku RRI Cirebon dina acara "Wirahma Dayeuh Hurang", sarta ngajadikeunna populér. Dina taun1960-an pintonan ieu geus dingaranan "tarling" sarta mimitian asup unsur-unsur drama. Saprak ngalegaanana popularitas dangdut dina taun1980-an, kasenian tarling reuwas. Ieu memaksa para seniman tarling ngasupkeun unsur-unsur dangdut dina pintonan maranéhanana, sarta hasil campuran ieu katelahna tarling-dangdut (atawa tarlingdut). Saterusna, alatan tungtutan konsuménna sorangan, lagu-lagu tarling di campur jeung pakakas musik éléktronik ku kituna kabentuk grup-grup organ tunggal tarling organ. Dina ayeuna, tarling geus pohara arang dipintonkeun sarta henteu deui populér. Tarling dangdut leuwih pas disebut dangdut Cirebon. Dina pintonan seni Tarling ieu mintonkeun opat materi seni nyaéta: 1. Sekar Gending, 2. Seni Drama, 3. Seni Lawak, Sedengkeun medium utama basana ngagunakeun basa Cirebon atawa Indramayu, sarta 4. seni Tari. Juru kawih kaceluk Tarling nyaéta antara séjén: Aam Aminah, Nyi Dadang Darniah Biduanita Tarling Grup Endang Darna ti palimanan Cirebon. Umumna seni Tarling dipentaskan utamana dina acara hajatan masarakat, boh walimahan boh sunatan.
2023 in Philippine television

The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 2023. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.
The following are programs that debuted on A2Z:
Notes ^ Originally aired on ABS-CBN ^ Originally aired on GMA ^ Originally aired on Yey! ^ Originally aired on Studio 23 (now Aliw 23) ^ Originally aired on Kapamilya Channel ^ Originally aired on ABC (now TV5) ^ Originally aired on PTV
The following are programs that debuted on GMA Network:
Notes ^ Originally aired on ABS-CBN ^ Originally aired on RPN (now CNN Philippines) ^ Originally aired on IBC ^ Originally aired on PTV
The following are programs that debuted on TV5:
Notes ^ Originally aired on ABS-CBN ^ Originally aired on GMA ^ Originally aired on Yey! ^ Originally aired on Studio 23 (now Aliw 23) ^ Originally aired on RPN (now CNN Philippines) ^ Originally aired on Kapamilya Channel ^ Originally aired on BuKo Channel
The following are programs that debuted on People's Television Network:
The following are programs that debuted on IBC:
The following are programs that debuted on minor networks:
The following are programs that debuted on other channels:
The following are programs that debuted on video streaming services:
The following shows that made their milestone episodes in 2023:
The following are programs that ended on A2Z:
The following are programs that ended on GMA Network:
The following are programs that ended on TV5:
The following are programs that ended on People's Television Network:
The following are programs that ended on IBC:
The following are programs that ended on minor networks:
The following are programs that ended on other channels:
The following are a list of free-to-air and cable channels or networks launches and closures in 2023.
The following are a list of free-to-air and cable channels or networks launches and closures in 2023.
The following is a list of television stations or cable channels that have made or will make noteworthy network rebrands in 2023.
The following is a list of stations and channels or networks that have stopped broadcasting or (temporarily) off the air in 2023.
The following are a list of television operators or providers and streaming media platforms or services launches and closures in 2023.
The following is a list of streaming providers that have made or will make noteworthy service rebrands in 2023.
பாலாபூர் கோட்டை

பாலாபூர் கோட்டை இந்தியாவின் மகாராஷ்டிரா மாநிலத்தில் அகோலா மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள முகலாய கோட்டை. கோட்டையின் கட்டுமானத்தை பேரரசர் அவுரங்கசீப்பின் மகன் மிர்சா அசாம் சா தொடங்கினார். இது 1757 இல் எலிச்ச்பூரின் நவாப் இசுமாயில் கானால் முடிக்கப்பட்டது. இதனுள் உள்ள ராஜா முதலாம் மன் சிங்கின் குவிமாடம், மிர்சா ராஜா ஜெய்சிங் கட்டியது. இது 25 சதுர அடி பரப்பளவும், 33 அடி உயரமும் கொண்டது. 100 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்னர் ஏற்பட்ட 'திவ்தியா புர்' என்ற பெரிய வெள்ளத்தில் அதன் அஸ்திவாரங்கள் பெரிதும் சேதமடைந்தன. ஆனால் சில ஆண்டுகளுக்குப் பிறகு ஜெய்ப்பூரிலிருந்து பெறப்பட்ட தொகையினால் சேதம் சரிசெய்யப்பட்டது.
பழைய வர்த்தமானி, "குவிமாடத்தின் அனைத்து பகுதிகளிலும் மக்கள் தங்கள் பெயர்களைச் சுரண்டுவதற்கு போதுமான அளவு கல்வி கற்றிருக்கிறார்கள். நடுவில் ஒரு கல்லிற்கு புனித சிவப்பு நிறத்தில் வண்ணம் பூசப்பட்டுள்ளது" என்று கூறுகிறது. குவிமாடத்திற்கு வருபவர்கள் மூன்று விஷயங்களைச் செய்ய வேண்டும் என்று கூறுகிறார்கள். முதலில், அவர்கள் ஆன்மா தூணின் உச்சியில் அமைக்கப்பட்டிருக்கும் சார் போட் கி பதார் எனப்படும் நான்கு விரல் கற்களைக் கவனிக்க வேண்டும். 1616 ஆம் ஆண்டில், பராரின் சுபேதர் சா நவாஸ் கான் பாலாபூரில் முகாமிட்டிருந்தார். மாலிக் ஆம்பர் ரோஹின்கேடா பாஸ் மூலம் கட்கி அருகே அவரைத் தாக்கினார். ஆனால் அவரால் நீண்ட நேரம் தாக்குப் பிடிக்க முடியவில்லை, பாலாபூருக்கு பின்வாங்க வேண்டியிருந்தது. அவுரங்கசீப், டெல்லியில் ஏகாதிபத்திய சிம்மாசனத்தில் ஏறிய பிறகு, ராஜா ஜெய்சிங்கை தக்காணத்தின் ஆளுநராக நியமித்தார். ராஜா மன் சிங்கின் குவிமாடத்தினை அவர் கட்டினார். இது பாலாபூரில் 25 அடி சதுர பரப்பளவில் 33 அடி உயரத்தில் அமைந்த குடை வடிவ அரங்கு ஆகும். அவுரங்கசீப்பின் மகன் மிர்சா அசாம் சா இங்கு வசித்து வந்ததாகவும், மண் கோட்டையை கட்டியதாகவும் கூறப்படுகிறது. புரந்தர் உடன்படிக்கையின் படி, அவந்தே பர்கானாவுடன் பாலாபூர் பர்கானாவும் ஜாகீரான சம்பாஜிக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டது. மேலும் அவர் 5,000 வீரர்களுக்கு தளபதியாக நியமிக்கப்பட்டார் என்பதையும் கவனத்தில் கொள்ளலாம்.
பாலாபூர் கோட்டை பாலாபூரில் ஆறுகள் சந்திக்கும் இடத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது மேற்கு-மத்திய இந்தியாவில், மேன் மற்றும் பைன்ஸ் நதிகளின் சந்திப்பில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு பெரிய நகரம்.
இரண்டு ஆறுகளுக்கு இடையில் ஒரு உயரமான மைதானத்தில் அமைந்திருக்கும் இந்த கோட்டையில் மிக உயர்ந்த சுவர்களும், கோட்டைகளும் உள்ளன. கோட்டையில் ஒன்று மற்றொன்றுக்குள்ளாக மூன்று நுழைவாயில்கள் உள்ளன. முகலாயர்களின் காலத்தில் பாலாபூர் ஒரு முக்கியமான இராணுவ நிலையம் என்று புகழப்பட்ட நிலையில், கோட்டையும் நகரத்தின் நிலை மற்றும் இராணுவ பொறுப்புகளை மனதில் கொண்டு கட்டப்பட்டது. கோட்டையில் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் சிக்கலான கட்டிடக்கலை அதன் பாதுகாப்பை உறுதிசெய்தது. அத்துடன் கோட்டைக்குள் இருந்து ஏவுகணைகள் மற்றும் பிற வெடிமருந்துகளை வெளியேற்றுவதை எளிதாக்கியது. மேலும் இது மாவட்டத்தின் மிகவும் அசாத்தியமான கோட்டைகளில் ஒன்றாகும். மழையின் போது, கோட்டை ஒரு கட்டத்தை தவிர, அனைத்தும் வெள்ள நீரால் சூழப்படுகிறது. கோட்டையின் கீழ், தெற்குப் பக்கத்தில் உள்ள பாலா தேவியின் கோயில், இந்த நகரம் பாலாபூர் பெயரைப் பெறக் காரணமானது.
ஒப்பீட்டளவில் நல்ல நிலையில் உள்ள பாலாபூர் கோட்டை இப்போது அரசாங்கத்தால் அலுவலகங்களுக்கு பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. முகலாயர்களின் காலத்தில் மிக முக்கியமான இந்தக் கோட்டை ஒரு அமைதியான இடம்.