davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Club Social Cultural y Deportivo Malta Shungo

El Club Social, Cultural y Deportivo Malta Shungo es un equipo profesional de fútbol de la ciudad de Tena, Napo, Ecuador. Fue fundado el 9 de mayo de 1989. Se desempeña en la Segunda Categoría de Ecuador.
Está afiliado a la Asociación de Fútbol No Amateur de Napo. Su disciplina principal es el fútbol, en el que es parte de la Segunda Categoría del fútbol profesional desde 2010. Es uno de los clubes fundadores que forman parte de la Asociación de Fútbol No Amateur de Napo, fue primer equipo campeón año 2010 en el campeonato provincial de Napo, en total ha conseguido 4 campeonatos y 2 subcampeonatos oficiales.
Hace de local en el estadio Leonardo Palacios, el cual tiene una capacidad de 8000 personas reglamentariamente. Además de su disciplina principal de fútbol, el club cuenta con disciplinas de baloncesto, tenis de mesa, ajedrez.
Se inició originalmente en la ciudad de Tena, en el barrio Bellavista en el año 1986, producto de la unidad de jóvenes deportistas, quienes venían realizando actividad deportiva de manera recreativa. Se constituyó mediante acuerdo ministerial N°- 2467 del 9 de mayo de 1989 como Club Social Cultural y Deportivo Malta Shungo, con la firma de 50 socios fundadores en la primera acta constitutiva.
En el cantón y provincia el club desde sus inicios se destacó por alcanzar los primeros lugares en las disciplinas de futbol, baloncesto, tenis de mesa, ajedrez, ecuavoley, jóvenes deportistas que en su momento integraron selecciones nacionales.
En el ámbito social y cultural tuvo protagonismo llegando a triunfar en el certamen de belleza "reina de Tena", con la señorita Sandra Gonzáles.
Con el grupo folklórico Markapasos integrado por socios profesionales de la salud, consejo provincial, colegio San José entre otros, contribuyó y aporto en causas sociales de manera benéfica, lo que le hizo merecedor del respeto y consideración de los habitantes. Es una entidad de derecho privado con autonomía administrativa, técnica y económica, se rige por la Ley del Deporte, Educación Física y Recreación. Los colores del club son el negro, rojo y el blanco.
Su lema: “Hasta la victoria siempre”.
El nombre Malta Shungo, tiene un significado en kichwa: Corazón joven.
Unidad Educativa San José

La Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional San José es una institución pública de educación primaria y secundaria católica de la ciudad de Tena. Es colegio más antiguo de la Región Amazónica del Ecuador; ya que es fiscomisional significa que es dirigida por una persona con ayuda del gobierno nacional.
El lema de la Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional San José es la locución española "Ciencia y Virtud", se origina de los métodos pedagógicos utilizados por los misioneros, mediante los cuales imparten conocimientos científicos y valores humanos. Este lema está plasmado en el escudo del plantel.
En 1922, llega a la Región Amazónica del Ecuador, la Misión Josefina, que trasladó la sede del Vicariato Apostólico de Napo a la ciudad de Tena; por lo cual, la población fue creciendo rápidamente. Más tarde, se crearon escuelas en conjunto con las misioneras Doroteas.
El 10 de octubre de 1947, el Monseñor Maximiliano Spliller, fundó el "Colegio San José"(nombrado así en honor a San José, patrono de los Josefinos de Murialdo), para dar clases a un pequeño grupo de estudiantes que deseaban continuar sus estudios. Al inicio, casi todos los maestros eran sacerdotes, pero con el paso del tiempo, se consiguió muchos docentes. Tiempo después, se dividió al colegio en dos secciones: masculina y femenina. En ese entonces tenía su sede en dos edificios de la Misión Josefina de Tena en el "Barrio Central".
En 1999, por la gran cantidad de alumnos se inician los trámites para pedir al Gobierno, la construcción de nuevas instalaciones. En 2003, empieza la construcción de las actuales instalaciones,​ que fueron inauguradas en 2007. Al trasladarse de sede, la Misión Josefina dejó de influir en la institución, y en el 2008 la administración pasó a manos del gobierno nacional,
Desde 2008, la institución cuenta con Bachillerato Internacional,​ siendo una de las 20 primeras en el país, autorizadas para impartirlo. En el 2012, para cumplir la Ley de Educación, cambia su nombre de "Colegio Fiscomisional San José" a "Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional San José" y en el año lectivo 2013-2014 se fusiona con la Escuela Fiscal San Antonio, sumándose todos los profesores y alumnos a la institución. Actualmente, la institución cuenta con su sede al extremo oriental de la ciudad, posee más de 1500 estudiantes, desde 1° de EGB hasta 3° de BGU, distribuidos en 3 bloques de primaria, 3 bloques de aulas para secundaria, además cuenta con un bloque administrativo con biblioteca, un coliseo, una cancha de ecuavóley, otra de fútbol con cubierta y otra de césped sintético.
Liga Ecuatoriana de Voleibol

La Liga Ecuatoriana de Voleibol es una asociación de clubes de voleibol de Ecuador. Perteneciente a la Federación Ecuatoriana de Voleibol, fue constituida oficialmente en el año 2014, a fin de agrupar a los principales equipos de este deporte en el país.
El equipo campeón de la Liga Ecuatoriana de Voleibol estará clasificado para el Campeonato Sudamericano de Clubes de Voleibol.
Selección de voleibol de Ecuador

La selección masculina de voleibol de Ecuador es el equipo representativo del país en las competiciones oficiales de voleibol. Su organización está a cargo de la Federación Ecuatoriana de Voleibol. Participa en los torneos organizados por la Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol, así como en los de la Federación Internacional de Voleibol.
En el 2001 obtuvo la medalla de bronce en los XVI Juegos Bolivarianos Ambato.​ En el 2019 participó en el Campeonato Sudamericano de Voleibol, luego de 20 años de ausencia.​
La última convocatoria realizada para competir en el Sudamericano de Voleibol de 2019 consta de los siguientes jugadores:​
Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol

La Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV), rectora de la actividad del voleibol de Sudamérica, que ejerce jerarquía a través de los entes rectores de los países de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Guayana Francesa, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela, afiliados a la Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol. Está, a su vez, afiliada a la Federación Internacional de Voleibol (FIVB), ente rector del voleibol a nivel mundial.
*Rankings actualizados a Febrero 2024.​
Campeonato Sudamericano de Voleibol Masculino Sub-21 de 2008

El XIX Campeonato Sudamericano de Voleibol Masculino Sub-21 fue un torneo de selecciones que se llevó a cabo en Pocos De Caldas, Brasil del 08 al 12 de octubre de 2008. El torneo fue organizado por la Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV) y otorgó dos cupos para el Campeonato Mundial de Voleibol Masculino Sub-21 de 2009.​
– Clasificados a la Semifinales. – Pasan a disputar la clasificación del 5.º al 8.º lugar.
Ecua-volley

Ecua-volley is a variant of volleyball invented and played in Ecuador. Its official name is Ecuavoley, however it can be informally be called ecuavolley, ecuavoly, ecuabol, or simply boly. Its popularity has also spread to Colombia, the United States, and Europe.
The beginning of this variant volleyball game needs to be clarified. It is believed that some type of game similar to this already existed prior to European contact. While it is adherent that volleyball was invented in 1895, and the first world tournaments were held 1949, organized tournaments of ecuavolley were held in 1958, suggesting it could not have spread throughout the world that quickly, which would mean that the national volley game was developed independently and had a convergent evolution. Ecuavoley tournaments in neighborhoods were held by different organization since 1944.
The setup of the game is similar to volleyball, with a few key differences:
The flyer plays behind the setter and server, and runs quickly from one side to another recovering balls. Usually the flyer recovers the ball for the server. The server sets the ball in the air so the setter can pass the ball over the net. The setter places the ball on the opposite court in a strategic manner, in an attempt to deceive the other team of where it will land. The referee is called the judge.
2011 Boys' U17 South American Volleyball Championship

The 2011 Boys' U17 South American Volleyball Championship was the 1st edition of the tournament, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). It was held in Guayaquil, Ecuador from November 16 to 20, 2011.
The competition system for the First Boys' U17 South American Championship consist of two rounds, the first round was a Round-Robin system. Each team plays once against each of the 7 remaining teams with each team playing two matches in a day against different teams.
According to the final ranking in the first round, the best four teams will play in the semifinals (1º VS 4º and 2º VS 3º), the winners will play for the Gold Medal while the losers will play for the bronze medal.
All matches in the preliminary round and the semifinals are played best out of three sets, the third place match and the Gold Medal match are played best out of 5 as normal senior tournaments.
All times are Ecuador Standard Time (UTC-5)
2025 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League

The 2025 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League will be the seventh edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League, an annual men's international volleyball tournament. The competition will be held from 11 June to 3 August 2025, with the final round to take place at the Beilun Gymnasium in Ningbo, China.
Following the results of the 2024 Challenger Cup, China made their comeback this edition, while Ukraine made their debuts as the top FIVB ranked team.
In a change of format for this edition, none of the current teams relegated, and from this year 2025 onwards the competition expanded to 18 teams. The two extra spots were allocated to China, who won the 2024 Challenger Cup, and Ukraine, the non-qualified top FIVB ranked team.
The format of play is generally the same as in the 2022 edition. However, this is the first time that 18 men's teams competing.Each week 6 teams during the pool phase. Each team play 12 matches during the pool stage. During three weeks each team plays 4 times in a table that is set up by a logarithm, with all teams playing 12 times in total at the end of the first phase. The 8 best teams advance to the quarter-finals while the last placed team loses its place to the highest FIVB ranked team that did not compete this year.The only country that has already qualified for this phase is China for hosting the finals and if it does not finish the first phase among the top eight, the top seven will qualify with the Chinese team being ranked 8th.
The VNL Finals will see the top eight teams moving directly to the knockout phase, which will consist of eight matches in total: four quarterfinals, two semi-finals, and the bronze and gold medal matches.
Final 8 direct elimination formula:
The overview of pools was released on 10 December 2024.
Red Sparks

Daejeon CheongKwanJang Red Sparks (Korean: 대전 정관장 레드스파크스), also spelled as JungKwanJang Red Sparks, is a South Korean professional women's volleyball team. The team was founded in 1988 and became fully professional in 2005. They are based in Daejeon and are members of the Korea Volleyball Federation (KOVO). Their home arena is Chungmu Gymnasium in Daejeon.
Yoyogi National Gymnasium

Yoyogi National Gymnasium, officially Yoyogi National Stadium (Japanese: 国立代々木競技場, Hepburn: Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgi-jō) is an indoor arena located at Yoyogi Park in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, which is famous for its suspension roof design.
It was designed by Kenzo Tange and built between 1961 and 1964 to be the aquatics center during the 1964 Summer Olympics, with the annex used for basketball events. It was also the venue for the handball competition at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The design inspired Frei Otto's arena designs for the Olympic Stadium in Munich.
The arena holds 13,291 people (9,079 stand seats, 4,124 arena seats and 88 "royal box" seats) and is now primarily used for ice hockey, futsal, basketball and volleyball.
The NHK studios are adjacent to the arena along the edge of Yoyogi Park. Therefore, images of the arena are regularly featured at the end of NHK Newsline broadcasts.
German Women's Volleyball League

The German Women's volleyball League or in (German : Volleyball-Bundesliga der Frauen) is the highest division in German women's volleyball. The German champion has been determined in this competition since the 1976/77 season.
The women's Bundesliga is made up of 11 teams in the 2018/19 season. The last placed teams after the main round descends into the second division . The teams in the first eight places are qualified for the playoffs. Except for the playoff final ( best-of-five mode ), all games were first played in best-of-three mode . In the season 2018/19 the first time the semi-finals in the best-of-five mode was held.
The 2019/20 season was canceled on March 12, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic before the final round of the main-round. A championship title was not awarded, there were also no relegations. It was the first time in the history of the Volleyball Bundesliga that a season ended prematurely.
Since the 2013/14 season there have been regular live broadcasts on the Internet of the matches of the First Bundesliga. The clubs will contribute 100,000 EUR to the production costs. The transfer of around 40 games is planned. During the main round, a top game is to be broadcast every week. In the play-offs, a game is to be shown live on every match day. SPORT1 has been broadcasting some games on free-to-air television since the 2017/18 season.
The record number of spectators in the Women's volleyball Bundesliga was set on April 30, 2016, by the play-off game between Allianz MTV Stuttgart and Dresdner SC. 5,392 spectators watched the game in the Stuttgart Porsche Arena, which Allianz MTV Stuttgart won 3–2. In second place in the list of the best of the audience follows the final game of the CJD Feuerbach against Bayern Lohhof in the Sindelfingen glass palace in 1987 with 5,000 spectators. In 2005 USC Münster played against the Rote Raben Vilsbiburg in front of a crowd of 4,500, third place on the leaderboard.
Measured by the number of spectators at home games, the Women's volleyball Bundesliga occupies a special position among team sports in Germany. In no other sport is the women's league stronger than the men's league. Of all professional leagues in Germany, Women's Volleyball Bundesliga has the highest audience average, even ahead of women in football, handball or basketball.
Germany - Women's Division 1 - DVL - Prize list since 1956/1957
The following teams compete in the Bundesliga during 2020-21 season:
Since 1956/57:
Since 2015/16:
(Based on W=2 pts and D=1 pts)
Multi-Use Games Area

A Multi Use Games Area (abbreviated MUGA) is an outdoor area with built-in goal post units for various types of sports games, such as football, basketball or tennis. MUGAs are often surrounded by a steel anti-vandal fence that also helps keep a ball in play inside the area. MUGAs are often installed at schools.
MUGAs are often supplied as ready-made solutions by various manufacturers. MUGAs can be supplied in half court (open on one end with one combination goal unit), full court (fully enclosed with two end goal units) and key area (open single goal end with key line markings).
Sports MUGAs usually consist of a combination of a steel goal post and a basketball goal post. This can be senior, junior or match quality for basketball. Sports played on MUGAs are varied, hence the term multi-use. Basketball, football, hockey, netball, and volleyball are usually provided with appropriate floor line markings for each sport, which are lined in different coloured paints. Multi Use Games Area MUGAs are placed into the ground around a sports surface area including natural grass, artificial sports surfaces, sports tiles, tarmac or concrete. Some MUGAs are open-ended, partially closed or fully enclosed. Sizes vary from Key Area 6m x 7.5m. Tarmac key lined. Half Court 7.5m x 15m. Full Court 15m x 30m.
The intense activity in a MUGA can increase noise and complaints from neighbours. The noise level depends on the material used for the fencing, and by the location. Positive results from United Kingdom local authorities can provide good evidence that placements of anti-vandal Multi-use Games Areas can reduce anti-social behaviour and increase fitness within early teen age groups in both cities and parish localities. Multi-use Games Areas (MUGA) can include producing goal posts, target panels, fencing and seating. They are ideal for the urban areas that would benefit from a contained area where children can play safely. A MUGA can encourage people to explore the potential of different sports in a safe environment, built solely for that purpose.
Torball

Torball (German: goal ball) is a team sport for the blind and vision-impaired and was developed in the 1970s in central Europe. With some similar structures in the rules in the 1980s, it is different to the Paralympic Games team sport of goalball. The sport was recognised by International Blind Sports Federation in 2010.
Torball is played by two teams on opposite sides of an indoor playing field. Each team consists of three players. In the middle part of the field, there are three cords stretched across the entire width. On each end of the playing field is a goal that also stretches the entire width (7 m (23 ft)) of the field. The playing ball is similar to a soccer ball with bells inside so that it can be heard when it is rolling across the playing field.
The object of the game is to score as many goals as possible by rolling the ball under the three cords into the goal of the opposing team. The three-player teams are both attackers and defenders during the two five-minute periods. If the ball touches one of the three cords, a penalty is called, where one player leaves the field and the remaining two players must try to defend their goal for one 'throw' by the opposing team.
Competitions are held at various levels, from the world championships, world cups, European cups, and other tournaments.
25th IBSA European Torball Cup in Poland in 2015.
Attempts are being made to build teams in other Eastern European countries.
Torball is otherwise played in:
The official rules for torball were previously determined by the International Blind Sports Federation.[1]
Torball is conducted in Europe, whereas goalball is played globally with world championships and is a Paralympic Games event after being demonstrated in 1972.
Both are indoor sports, three team players at one end of a court, and played with a belled ball. The goal post is the entire width of the court and has the same 1.3 metres (4 ft 3 in) inner goal height. Both athletes wear a blindfold, regardless of their degree of vision. Each team can have six players.
Differences include:
List of professional sports leagues by revenue

This is a list of professional sports leagues by revenue. Individual sports are not included.
The "Season" column refers to the sports league season for which financial data is available and referenced, which is usually not the most recently completed season of competition. Revenue is listed in millions of euros. The "Tier Level" column refers to the importance/division in their respective countries/leagues. For example, in England, Premier League is the first division/level, compared to EFL Championship which is the second division/level.
山西博物院

山西博物院位于山西省省会太原市滨河西路北段13号，是首批国家一级博物馆、中央地方共建国家级博物馆培育对象，山西最大的文物征集、收藏、保护、研究和展示中心。
山西博物院曾先后获得鲁班奖、全国博物馆十大陈列展览精品、全国文化遗产保护先进单位、第一批全国古籍重点保护单位、全国最具创新力博物馆、国家级青年文明号等荣誉。
山西博物院的前身是1919年创建的山西教育图书博物馆，此后屡次更名。1953年改称山西省博物馆。新馆于2001年8月10日奠基开工，2004年竣工，正式定名山西博物院。
2024年4月入选中央地方共建国家级重点博物馆名单。
博物院建筑群占地168亩，建筑面积5.1万平方米，由主馆与四角辅楼组成。主馆造型如斗似鼎，诠释了中国古代对建筑“如鸟斯革，如翚斯飞” 的审美取向；辅楼分别为临时展厅、多功能报告厅、文研楼和行政楼。
山西博物院荟萃了全省的文物精华，珍贵藏品约40万件。其中颇具特色包括新石器时代陶寺遗址文物、商代方国文物、西周、春秋战国时期的晋国及三晋文物、北朝石刻造像、明清晋商文物等。附属图书馆占地面积超过1000平方米，藏书16万余册，古籍11万余册，包括善本888函、5043册。
博物院基本陈列以“晋魂”为主题，包括7个历史文化专题和5个艺术专题。
历史文化专题为：
艺术专题为：
除基本陈列外，博物院还经常举办临时展览。
鸟兽尊

鸟兽尊，或称鸟兽形尊，中国古代文物的一个类别，形状似鸟兽的盛酒器的通称。最早定义“鸟兽尊”的是1941年容庚所著的《商周彝器通考》，该书单立“鸟兽尊”一类，“于鸟兽形之尊彝统称之为尊”。虽然“鸟兽尊”的最初定名是为了区分青铜器，但形制类似的陶器也被称为“鸟兽尊”。
最早定义“鸟兽尊”的是1941年容庚所著的《商周彝器通考》，该书单立“鸟兽尊”一类，“于鸟兽形之尊彝统称之为尊”。鸟兽尊的“尊”与青铜器专名“尊”的含义或青铜器铭文中“尊”的含义都不相同。专名“尊”是指侈口，腹部粗而鼓张，高圈足，形体较宽的一类青铜器，也就是“似觚觯而巨者”；铭文中的“尊”是酒、食器等礼器的共名，也就是王国维在《说彝》中提到的“大共名”；鸟兽尊的“尊”是盛酒器的通称，也就是王国维所称的“小共名”。
《周礼·春官·司尊彝》中有“掌六尊六彝之位”的记载，“六尊六彝”中冠以鸟兽名字的有鸡彝、鸟彝、虎彝、蜼彝和象尊，此外注释《周礼》的郑众等人还认为六尊中的“献尊”就是“牺尊”。对于这些器名，汉代以来学者的说法不一，主要有尊上的画像、工艺装饰和本身形象三种。商周青铜器定名中将鸟兽形的礼器归为尊类始于宋朝，《博古图录》将外形做牛、象和凫的酒器分别定名为牺尊、象尊和凫尊，这是最早的与后来鸟兽尊定义相符的定名，宋以后金石学者多从《博古图录》。1941年容庚刊行《商周彝器通考》后，学界多将鸟兽形盛酒器统称为鸟兽尊，而少有异议。
杜廼松在《论青铜鸟兽尊》中指出，每件鸟兽尊定名时应根据其所肖动物称呼其具体名称，如牛尊、羊尊、象尊、鸟尊等，仅具有鸟兽形象而不能确知其为何种动物时，可沿用习惯叫法，称之为“牺尊”。
带有铭文的鸟兽尊一般使用青铜器的通称“尊彝”二字来自称，如守宫鸟尊、盠驹尊、邓仲牺尊等。1974年陕西省宝鸡市茹家庄二号墓出土的井姬盂鏙自称为“盂鏙”，杜廼松认为它属于罕见称呼或地区别称。2000年山西省曲沃县北赵村晋侯墓地113号墓出土的晋侯猪尊则自名为“飤”，也属于罕见称呼。
根据鸟兽尊所肖动物的种类，《中国青铜器综论》将常见鸟兽尊主要可分为鸱鸮尊、禽尊、虎尊、象尊、犀尊、牛尊、羊尊、马尊、兔尊和神兽尊等。《论青铜鸟兽尊》将之分为鸟尊、鸮尊、鸳鸯尊、鸭尊、牛尊、羊尊、猪尊、马驹尊、象尊、虎尊、牺尊、鸟首兽尊和兔尊等。
中华人民共和国第二届青年运动会

中华人民共和国第二届青年运动会于2019年8月8日－8月18日在山西省太原市举行。
2014年5月27日，国家体育总局办公厅发布《关于开展第二届全国青年运动会申办工作的通知》，决定开展2019年第二届全国青年运动会的申办工作。
2014年5月，山西省提出以太原为中心城市申办第二届全国青年运动会。
2014年8月31日，山西省人民政府正式提交了第二届全国青年运动会申办报告。
2014年12月16日，国家体育总局办公厅正式发文公布：在规定申办时间内只有山西省人民政府提交了第二届全国青年运动会申办报告，经审查，山西省人民政府的申办资格和申办条件符合相关规定与要求，自然当选为第二届全国青年运动会承办候选单位。
2015年7月13日，国务院办公厅正式发文同意山西省承办2019年第二届全国青年运动会。
会徽以汉字“山西”的书法形态为创作来源，运用灵动的线条，将跑道与泳道的形象特点与汉字融为一体，表达了运动拼搏的内涵，呈现出青春现代、充满活力的形象。
标志上下部分连绵起伏的造型显示出山峦的状态，分别代表太行山和吕梁山，两山中间的充满韵律的线条是穿流而过的汾河，代表举办地“两山夹一河”的特点；若将外围看作是黄河水，中间看作是山脉，则也体现山西“表里山河”的特点。水流般的线条象征着山西重要的景观——壶口瀑布，强烈舞动的势头则表现了山西锣鼓的英姿。
标志整体的线条组合成一位欢庆跳跃的人形，寓意着年轻的活力和激情，标志整体使用五环色彩，将奥林匹克体育精神融入其中。五彩缤纷的颜色与充满律动的线条相融合，象征着年轻人的青春与活力。
鸡谐音吉。鸡是光明的使者，引亢长啼，旭日东升。鸡能飞善跑，运动天赋出众。褐马鸡的繁衍栖息离不开良好的自然生态环境，而此次第二届全国青年运动会早已被植入“绿色”理念，两者对生态文明建设都有着共同的诉求。褐马鸡作为山西省运动会永久吉祥物，长期以来激励见证了山西体育健儿振翅高飞、一鸣惊人的英姿。
青春的约会，拼搏的舞台。
2019年3月28日，中华人民共和国第二届青年运动会圣火采集暨网络火炬传递启动仪式于运城市芮城县西侯度遗址圣火公园举行。
网络火炬传递由一青会的举办地福建省开始，按照顺时针方向，依次在33个省级行政区（山西省除外）各传递一天，与实体火炬传递同步，于5月4日由运城市进入山西省内，直到8月8日开幕式结束。
中华人民共和国第二届青年运动会面向包括青少年学生在内的全体青少年。共分“夏季项目”“冬季项目”“全能项目”三大类目。其中“冬季项目”类目包括滑冰（短道速滑、速度滑冰、花样滑冰）、滑雪（越野滑雪、高山滑雪、跳台滑雪、北欧两项、自由式滑雪、单板滑雪）、冰壶、冰球、冬季两项，共5个大项。“全能项目”中与冬季运动相关项目包括轮滑与速度滑冰全能、滑轮与越野滑雪全能、冰球与轮滑冰球全能、冰壶与陆地冰壶全能、冰壶与地掷球全能5个大项。
杨森林

杨森林（1956年9月—），中华人民共和国山西省翼城县人。中华人民共和国政治人物。1979年12月加入中国共产党，中共中央党校函授本科学历。
1975年起，在中共山西省委办公厅先后任机要处干部、秘书一处干部；1986年任山西省委政策研究室综合处干部、主任科员；1988年起先后任山西省委办公厅综合处主任科员、综合处副处长、综合处处长、办公厅副主任；2002年任山西省委副秘书长；2003年任晋城市委副书记，2006年任山西省纪委副书记；2008年担任山西省纪委副书记、山西省监察厅厅长；2011年担任省纪委常务副书记、省监察厅厅长；2012年担任山西省纪委常务副书记。
2014年7月23日，中纪委宣布山西省纪委常务副书记杨森林涉嫌严重违纪违法，目前正接受组织调查。杨森林曾是原山西省纪委书记金道铭的副手。同年12月15日被双开。
安泽县

安泽县在山西省南部、黄河支流沁河中上游，是临汾市下辖的一个县。安泽古为春秋时期荀子的故乡，县人民政府駐府城鎮。
北魏置安泽县，隋改岳阳县。元朝时，属晋宁路。至元三年，猗氏县并入岳阳县。次年复置猗氏县，岳阳县、和川县并入，后又改为岳阳县。明朝时，属平阳府。清朝仍属平阳府，考评：简。民国初年，全国废府州厅改县，属河東道。因与湖南省岳阳县同名，于1914年6月复名安泽县。1949年前属山西省第十二行政督察区。1949年后，历属临汾专区、晋南专区、临汾地区、临汾市。1971年，划出古县。
根據第七次人口普查數據，截至2020年11月1日零時，安澤縣常住人口為75574人。
安泽县下辖4个镇、3个乡：
府城镇、​和川镇、​唐城镇、​冀氏镇、​马壁乡、​杜村乡和​良马乡。
安泽县拥有丰富的煤矿和森林资源，是黄土高原上森林植被比较好的一个县域，也是有名的生态县，全球79%的连翘产于此地。
安泽连翘：中国地理标志产品。
四川山鹧鸪

四川山鹧鸪（拉丁語：Arborophila rufipectus）为雉科山鹧鸪属的鸟类，俗名荀鸡、砣砣鸡，是中国的特有物种。分布于四川等地，一般栖息于阔叶林下的浓密竹丛和灌丛。该物种的模式产地在四川甘洛县的大桥公社。
四川山鹧鸪是一种中等体型(30厘米)、色彩浓艳的山鹧鸪。头顶褐，眉纹白，胸部具宽阔的栗色环带及喉近白为本种特征。眼周裸皮红色，耳羽黄棕色。虹膜呈暗褐；嘴为灰色；脚近粉色。
繁殖雄鸟早晚间或正午鸣叫，叫声为嘹亮的上升哨音，间隔数秒反复重复。
四川山鹧鸪为中国中部特有种。
具本属的典型特性。成对或成小群在地面烂树叶间翻找觅食。
四川山鹧鸪为全球性濒危物种。栖息环境的丧失导致至野外数量极为稀少。仅存于四川南部(甘洛、屏山、马边、攀枝花市等地)海拔1000～2200米处的低山亚热带阔叶林中，亦见于云南东北部。
房山十渡风景名胜区

39°38′06″N 115°35′53″E﻿ / ﻿39.63487500000001°N 115.597967°E﻿ / 39.63487500000001; 115.597967
房山十渡风景名胜区位于北京市房山区西南，是中国北方唯一一处大规模喀斯特岩溶地貌。十渡风景区是中国国家AAA景区和中国国家地质公园。
十渡风景区是大清河支流拒马河切割太行山脉北端而形成的一条河谷，全程约20公里。由于在历史上这条河谷中一共有十个渡过拒马河的摆渡渡口，故而得名“十渡”。现在公路已经修入河谷，这十处渡口早已改建为漫水桥没有真正的渡口了，但是十渡的名字却一直沿用至今。十渡风景区有着中国北方少见的喀斯特地貌，生态环境良好，植被覆盖率较高，风景优美，因而成为北京比较有名的一处度假旅游区。
十渡分别是：
包围十渡的山脉是太行山脉最北端的支系，其岩石主要为水成沉积岩，以石灰岩为主，由于拒马河水长期的冲刷，石灰岩在水和空气中二氧化碳的作用下逐渐被侵蚀溶解由于岩石的组成和密度不同，其受到侵蚀的速度也不同，因而形成了独具特色的山形，这一形成过程实际上与桂林山水的形成过程完全一样，两者主要的区别仅仅在于侵蚀的程度前者远远不如后者。 上述侵蚀过程不仅在地面进行，同时也在地下发生，距离十渡风景区不远的石花洞便是循这一原理形成的底下溶洞，2003年，在十渡风景区的六渡附近山中也发下了一个大规模的地下峡谷，这也是一处流水侵蚀形成的地下溶洞。由于拒马河的侵蚀与切割作用，太行山脉在峡谷处被截断，暴露出沉积岩的底层剖面，是研究沉积岩形成和地壳运动变化很好的教材。
由于存在两山夹一水的独特地貌，拒马河两岸高高矗立的山崖不仅可以阻挡寒风直接入谷，并且能够反射阳光入谷，因而十渡风景区在冬季气候相对温和，流动中的拒马河水能够在许多河段保持不冻，有着较好的生存环境，因而许多北京本地留鸟选择在十渡越冬。一些以北京为分布北限的进水鸟类如白顶溪鸲、红尾水鸲、褐河乌、冠鱼狗等均选择十渡作为越冬场所，此外珍贵的涉禽黑鹳也选择十渡作为繁殖的场地这些都使得十渡风景区的鸟类分布谱像与北京其他地区相比显现出一些独有的特征。进入2000年以后，随着观鸟活动在北京的逐渐流行，十渡风景区成为观鸟爱好者冬季观鸟的一个重要场所，并逐渐积累了关于十渡鸟类相对完整的信息具体情况参见十渡风景区鸟类纪录。
十渡风景区以北方少见的岩溶地貌和优美的自然风光而闻名，并成为北京一处著名的旅游场所，但是随着十渡影响的扩大和旅游人次的增加，当地政府和百姓不断加深对十渡风景区的旅游开发力度，在整个景区兴建了很多旅游设施，其中绝大部分是充满现代气息的人工旅游设施，如蹦极跳、悬崖跳伞、索道、攀岩、滑翔飞翼、漂流、脚踏船、皮划艇、冲浪车、摩托艇、沙滩浴场、游泳、骑马等等，这些设施与十渡的自然风光并不协调并且商业气息浓郁，因而招致一些人的批评，他们认为十渡被变成了一个热闹、艳丽、人造景观泛滥远离城市的城市公园，并破坏了优美的自然风光。
京原铁路经过十渡境内并设有十渡站。6437/6438次列车是目前每天唯一一对在十渡站停靠的旅客列车，6437次北京西站17:45开，十渡站20:05到；6438次列车5:38十渡站开，9:56分到达北京西站，北京西--十渡区间硬座票价6.5元。
北京西站南广场乘坐北京公交917路公交车 在张坊汽车站下车 换乘f82路即可到达十渡风景名胜区 除此以外房16路、房17路、房19路、F60路和东湖港通勤班车也到十渡，但均为定点发车
2022年7月6日15时30分许，北京华彬天星通航一架贝尔505型直升机在十渡景区附近发生飞行事故发，造成机上两名飞行员遇难。
交城县

37°33′N 112°08′E﻿ / ﻿37.55°N 112.14°E﻿ / 37.55; 112.14
交城县是中华人民共和国山西省吕梁市所辖的一个县。位於呂梁山東麓，太原盆地西緣，307國道經過。縣人民政府駐天寧鎮。总面积为1,822.11 平方公里。
縣境內發現有新石器時代瓦窯遺址、磁窯遺址。
隋開皇十六年（596年）置縣，因县治居汾孔河二河相交处，故名。
唐天授二年（691年）縣治由今太原古交移置今址。
明代隸屬太原府。
民国三十年（1941年）十一月划为交城、交西两县，民国三十三年（1944年）复并为交城县。
1949年9月隶属榆次专区，10月改属汾阳专区；1951年复属榆次专区。
1958年属晋中专区，同年9月，该县与文水、汾阳并为汾阳县
1959年9月复为交城县
1971年划属吕梁地区恢复交城县建制至今。
根據第七次人口普查數據，截至2020年11月1日零時，交城縣常住人口226768人。
西部为吕梁山脉，东部为太原盆地。
交城县下辖6个镇、4个乡：
天宁镇、​夏家营镇、​西营镇、​水峪贯镇、​西社镇、​庞泉沟镇、​洪相乡、​岭底乡、​东坡底乡、​会立乡和​夏家营生态工业园区管委会。
交城縣的經濟以煤炭、焦化、建材等重工業為主，因此污染嚴重。2004年9月，山西省环保局將交城縣劃為全山西省第一個“循环经济建设试点县”，試圖減輕污染，發展循環經濟。 2006年9月，國家發改委宣佈在交城開設省級經濟開發區，即山西交城经济开发区。此開發區包括當地的夏家營和天寧鎮兩鎮，是原來2002年呂梁地委開設的“夏家营生态工业园区”的一部分，而後者本來就是交城縣的主要經濟區，其工業產值占全縣的70%以上。
山西省人民政府

37°48′49″N 112°34′21″E﻿ / ﻿37.81364°N 112.57257°E﻿ / 37.81364; 112.57257
山西省人民政府，是中华人民共和国山西省的省级地方行政机关。
1949年5月，山西全境解放。同年8月，华北人民政府正式任命山西省人民政府组成人员。1955年2月，山西省人民政府改组为山西省人民委员会。1967年3月，成立山西省革命委员会。1979年12月，山西省革命委员会撤销，复设山西省人民政府。
山西省政府自阎锡山在山西掌权以来长期位于杏花岭区府东街101号督军府旧址，一直到2017年9月1日，山西省政府搬入了位于小店区省府街3号的新址。
根据《中华人民共和国地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法》第七十三条，县级以上的地方各级人民政府行使下列职权：
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根据中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅《关于印发〈山西省机构改革方案〉的通知》，山西省人民政府设置工作部门42个，其中省政府办公厅和组成部门23个，直属特设机构1个，直属机构13个，部门管理机构5个。。
山西省人民政府设置下列机构：
（省自然资源厅挂省绿化委员会牌子；省交通运输厅挂省民航机场管理局牌子；省应急管理厅挂省地方煤矿安全监督管理局牌子。）
（省市场监督管理局挂省知识产权局牌子；省地方金融管理局牌子挂在中共山西省委金融委员会办公室，并加挂中共山西省委金融工作委员会牌子，列入中共山西省委机构序列；省行政审批服务管理局挂省政务信息管理局牌子；省国防动员办公室挂省人民防空办公室牌子。）
（省社会科学院挂省人民政府发展研究中心牌子；山西农业大学挂山西省农业科学院牌子；省公共资源交易中心挂省政务服务中心牌子。）
中北大学

38°00′34″N 112°26′09″E﻿ / ﻿38.00944°N 112.43583°E﻿ / 38.00944; 112.43583
中北大学，前称华北工学院，位于山西省太原市尖草坪区，创立于1941年，校庆日为9月8日。其前身是1941年由八路军创办的太行工业学校，学校在抗日战争和第二次国共内战中为提高中国人民解放军的人才素质和武器装备方面发挥了重要作用，曾是国防工业八所本科院校之一。如今作为山西省省级重点高校，中北大学是由山西省人民政府和工业与信息化部、山西省人民政府与国家国防科技工业局双共建、山西省人民政府管理的多科性教学研究型大学。2012年，中北大学入围中西部高校基础能力建设工程。中北大学是第二批卓越工程师教育培养计划重点建设高校、中国航天核心院校、原国防科工委直属的八所本科院校之一（被誉为“国防八校”）、原中华人民共和国兵器工业部直属的七所本科院校之一（被稱为“兵工七子”）。为中国校友会网评选出的三星级、专业型大学。
中北大学的前身是1941年八路军总司令部创建的太行工业学校。由当时负责统战工作的刘鼎担任第一任校长。
1949年，中华人民共和国成立后，学校迁入现址，更名为华北兵工职业学校，后又更名为华北兵工工业学校、太原机械制造工业学校。
1951年11月，学校更名为华北兵工工业学校，并划归中央人民政府重工业部兵工总局直接领导。
1953年8月，学校更名为华北第二工业学校，并划归中华人民共和国第二机械工业部直接领导。
1957年3月，中央委员会总书记邓小平在中共山西省委第一书记陶鲁笳陪同下来校视察，并作了“领导干部要深入下层，关心师生生活，密切与师生关系”的重要指示 。
1958年2月，学校划归中华人民共和国第一机械工业部直接领导。
1958年9月，太原机械制造工业学校升格更名为太原机械学院。
1960年9月，学校划归中华人民共和国第三机械工业部直接领导。
1961年9月，北京工业学院（现北京理工大学）4个常规兵器专业（火炮、自武器、弹药、引信）的教师、学生、实验设备、图书资料等全部迁入太原机械学院。
1962年3月，沈阳工学院（现沈阳理工大学）2个常规兵器专业（火药、炸药）迁入太原机械学院。
1963年1月，划归国防科委直接领导，成为当时的国防工业8大本科院校之一。
1971年，归属到第五机械工业部，同年7月，奉本部军管会命令学校停办。
1981年11月，国务院学位委员会正式下文通知太原机械学院获得硕士学位授予权（全国首批）。
1982年1月，学校获批为全国首批学士学位授予单位；5月，学校划归中华人民共和国兵器工业部直接领导，是兵器工业部直属院校的七所本科院校（后称：兵工七子）之一。
1987年2月，学校划归国家机械工业委员会直接领导。
1988年4月，学校划归机械电子工业部直接领导；6月，太原工业学校更名为太原机械学院专科部，由学校直接管理。
1991年，太原机械学院“电子测压蛋”项目获得了国家发明二等奖，实现了山西省高校国家发明奖零的突破。
1993年12月，太原机械学院更名为华北工学院，隶属于兵器工业总公司。
1997年6月，山西省人民政府和兵器工业总公司签署共建华北工学院协议。
1998年6月，国务院学位委员会正式下文通知华北工学院获得博士学位授予权（全国第七批）。
1999年4月，华北工学院学院下放地方，成为由国防科工委与山西省人民政府共建，以地方管理为主的高校。
2000年，华北工学院“仪器科学与技术”成为一级博士授权学科，实现了山西省高校一级博士学科零的突破。
2001年8月，华北工学院六十周年校庆时，中共元老薄一波为学校题词“人民兵工第一校”。
2002年1月，华北工学院有线电视台正式挂牌开播。
2002年5月，华北工学院获得接收外国留学生资格。同年，北京军区与华北工学院签订联合培养军队干部协议。
2002年9月，华北工学院“电子测试技术实验室”通过专家验收成为国家级国防科技重点实验室，这是山西省唯一的国家级国防科技重点实验室。
2002年11月，中国航天科技集团公司授予华北工学院“航天科技人才贡献奖”，成为全国地方高校中唯一一所获奖高校。
2002年12月，华北工学院获得高校教师教授评审权资格。
2004年3月27日，在成都举行的教育部院校设置委员会会议上，与会专家全票通过，同意华北工学院升格为大学。
2004年4月25日，中国运载火箭技术研究院在华北工学院举行庆祝“神舟”首次将中国航天员送入太空答谢会。
2004年6月29日，教育部正式发文，同意华北工学院更名为“中北大学”。
2004年9月1日，学校正式启用“中北大学”校名。
2004年9月26日，“中北大学”正式更名。
2004年12月17日，中北大学动态测试技术省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地通过专家组考核验收。
2005年7月，中北大学首次在全国11个省份进行一本招生，同时首次面向十大军兵种招收国防生。
2006年12月18日，山西省人民政府与国防科学技术工业委员会在北京签署共建中北大学协议。
2017年6月，中共中央总书记习近平视察山西，详细观看了学校研发的金属3D打印设备运行情况，了解学校3D打印技术研发和产业化情况。
2018年3月，学校与七所高校共同成立B8协同创新联盟，并担任该联盟常任理事单位；7月，学校与山东省德州市共建中北大学德州研究生分院，由德州学院承办。
2021年2月2日，经中华人民共和国教育部批准，原属中北大学管理的独立学院中北大学信息商务学院脱离该校管理，并转设为民办普通高等学校山西晋中理工学院，由山西大任国际教育交流有限公司全资持有；学校朔州校区经教育部同意，将太原理工大学现代科技学院合并后转设普通本科高校，更名为山西工学院 ；5月，学校成为“全国高等军工院校课程思政联盟”首批会员单位之一；6月，学校成为山西省人民政府与中华人民共和国工业和信息化部共建高校。
自2000年以后，学校的办学规模和办学质量有了显著的提高，在山西省的影响力和知名度逐渐增大。现有全日制在校生四万多人，其中博士、硕士研究生近三千人，是山西省学生最多的高校。同时也是山西省占地面积最大的高校。硬件设施在山西省高校中首屈一指，工科排名在山西高校中亦居首位。
寒泉BBS是华北工学院（现中北大学）的官方BBS，成立于2002年4月，主服务器位于中北大学现代教育与信息技术中心，通过校内网络连入CERNET（教育网），并有网通网络出口，曾提供Web和Telnet两种访问方式。寒泉BBS，得名于位于太原市上兰村地区汾河边的古老景点冽石寒泉。寒泉BBS曾有注册帐号逾4万多个，拥有版面数百个，是校内主要的交流平台。现已被关闭。
蓝佛安

蓝佛安（1962年6月—），男，汉族，广东惠东客家人，中华人民共和国政治人物。大学学历，管理学硕士学位。1985年4月加入中国共产党，1985年8月参加工作，长期在广东省财政和审计系统工作，历任广东省财政厅副厅长、广东省审计厅厅长、广东省副省长等职务。2017年后，历任海南省纪委书记、山西省省长、山西省委书记等重要职务。2022年，在中共二十大上当选中央委员，2023年起任中华人民共和国财政部部长。
1981年9月，进入湖北财经学院财政金融系财政专业学习。
1985年从湖北财经学院（同年9月更名为中南财经大学）财政专业毕业后分配到财政部，任预算司中央处科员。
1988年11月，调入广东省财政厅，历任预算处科员、副主任科员、主任科员。
1993年3月，任广东省财政厅预算处副处长。
1995年3月，任广东省财政厅办公室主任。
1999年2月，任东莞市人民政府副市长。
2001年9月，任广东省财政厅副厅长。
2006年9月，攻读华南理工大学政治与公共管理学院行政管理专业研究生课程。
2007年4月，任广东省审计厅党组书记。
2007年9月至2008年1月，参加中央党校地厅级干部进修班学习。
2008年2月，任广东省审计厅厅长。在任期间力主推动开展审计模拟实验室，使广东成为全国最早开展审计模拟实验室的省份，并推动“三班一室”的审计人才训练，即主审方法培训班、计算机审计强化班、青年业务骨干赴国外中长期培训班和审计模拟实验室，最终在2014年启动实施了数字化审计。
2009年6月，获得管理学硕士学位。
2015年3月，任中共韶关市委书记。
2016年1月，任广东省人民政府副省长。
2017年3月，调任中共海南省委常委、省纪委书记。分析认为，海南省更换上层人事，意在为2018年的海南省机构改革及建立自由贸易试验区提前布局准备。
到任后，蓝佛安任监察体制改革研究小组，完成了设立监察委期间的转隶改革工作，并任新成立的海南省监察委员会主任。
2018年2月24日，当选为第十三届全国人大代表。
2021年4月7日，任中共山西省委副书记。同年6月4日，任山西省人民政府党组书记、代理省长、省长。
2022年10月22日，在中共二十大上当选为中共中央委员。
2022年12月29日，任中共山西省委书记。
2023年1月16日，任山西省人民代表大会常务委员会主任。
2023年9月28日，任财政部党组书记。同年10月24日，被任命为财政部部长。蓝佛安上任后，明确财政扩张政策，表示“将发行特别国债支持国有大型商业银行补充资本”，并称“中央财政还有较大的举债空间和赤字提升空间”，加大化解地方债务问题的中央财政支持力度。
2024年10月，蓝佛安再次强调将发行更多债券来提振房地产市场、向银行注资并帮助地方政府化债，但未能给出具体数字。
2025年3月，蓝佛安继续表示“要实施更加积极的财政政策”，并宣布当年共安排超长期特别国债3000亿元支持消费品以旧换新，比上年增加1500亿元。
Bornean crested fireback

The Bornean crested fireback (Lophura ignita) is a medium-sized forest pheasant from Borneo and the Bangka Belitung Islands. It is the type species of the genus Lophura. Prior to 2023, it was referred to as simply the crested fireback as the Malayan crested fireback (L. rufa) was lumped with this species, though both have since been split.
Males are up to 70 cm long with a peacock-like dark crest, bluish black plumage, reddish brown rump, black outer tail feathers, red iris and bare blue facial skin. The female is a brown bird with short crest, blue facial skin and spotted black-and-white below.
There are two subspecies; the subspecies from Borneo and Bangka Island, L. i. ignita (lesser Bornean crested fireback) and L. i. nobilis (greater Bornean crested fireback), have brown central tail feathers, whitish legs and are rufous below. Prior to 2014, the Malayan crested fireback was lumped with this species as a subspecies by BirdLife International, while the International Ornithological Congress split both species in 2023 based on substantial plumage differences. The female of L. i ignita and L. i. nobilis have a dark, blackish tail and whitish legs, while female of L. i.a rufa has a chestnut brown tail and red legs. Delacour's crested fireback (L. i. macartneyi) was formerly also considered a subspecies, but as specimens are variable, the Handbook of Birds of the World regards it as a hybrid swarm between rufa and a possible relictual or introduced population of ignita. In 2023 the IOC lumped macartneyi with rufa for this reason.
The diet consists mainly of plants, fruits and small animals. The female usually lays between four and eight creamy white eggs.
Due to ongoing habitat loss and overhunting in some areas, the crested fireback is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Malayan crested fireback

The Malayan crested fireback or Malay crested fireback (Lophura rufa) is a species of forest pheasant found in lowland forests of the Thai-Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
This species was formerly considered a subspecies of the Bornean crested fireback (L. ignita), with both being grouped together as the crested fireback. Substantial plumage differences between both taxa led to the IUCN and Clements Checklist splitting both, with the International Ornithological Congress also making this change in 2023.
A pheasant of uncertain taxonomic provenance, popularly referred to as "Delacour's crested fireback" (formerly Lophura ignita macartneyi) is found in south-eastern Sumatra and the male has white to the tail, whitish legs and a variable amount of rufous below. As macartneyi specimens are variable, the Handbook of Birds of the World regards it as a hybrid between L. rufa and a possible relictual or introduced population of L. ignita. In 2023, the International Ornithological Congress officially recognized it as representing a hybrid swarm between L. ignita and L. rufa, and classified it within L. rufa.
It is a medium-sized, up to 70 cm long pheasant with a peacock-like dark crest, bluish black plumage, reddish brown rump, black outer tail feathers, red iris and bare blue facial skin. The female is a brown bird with short crest, blue facial skin and spotted black-and-white below. It is distinguished from the Bornean crested fireback by its white central tail feathers, red legs and bluish black streaked white below.
Due to ongoing habitat loss and overhunting in some areas, the Malayan crested fireback is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Northeast China Plain deciduous forests

The Northeast China Plain deciduous forests ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0430) covers the flat interior Northeast China Plain and neighboring adjacent northwestern North Korea, in the region historically known as Manchuria. The plain is surrounded by mountains on the north and east, and supports some of China's largest forest tracts. There are also extensive low-lying wetlands, which support important bird populations.
The Northeast China Plain is the largest single plain in China, bordered by the Changbai Mountains on the border with North Korea to the east, and the Greater Khingan and Lesser Khingan mountains to the north. The southern half of the region is the watershed of the Liao River, which runs south into the Bohai Sea.
The climate of the ecoregion is Humid continental climate, hot summer (Köppen climate classification (Dwa)), with a dry winter. This climate is characterized by large seasonal temperature differentials and a hot summer (at least one month averaging over 22 °C (72 °F)), and cold winters having monthly precipitation less than one-tenth of the wettest summer month.
The plain hosts extensive broadleaf deciduous forests, which trend into conifer forests on the northern edge. Oaks are most common in the southern half of the region, accompanied by maple, elm and ash. Farther north, forests are characterized by Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) and Daurian birch (Betula dahurica). In drier areas, stands of sawtooth oak, (Quercus acutissima), dominate. Throughout, the plain is heavily converted to agriculture, taking advantage of the climate and the fertile chernozem soils.
The floodplain at the mouth of the Liao River is a large wetland that supports waterfowl, including the endangered Manchurian crane (Red-crowned crane).
White-necked raven

The white-necked raven (Corvus albicollis) is a species of raven native to eastern and southern Africa. It is somewhat smaller (50–54 cm in length) than the common raven or its nearest relative, the thick-billed raven C. crassirostris.
The white-necked raven has a much shorter tail than the common raven, as well as a deeper bill with a white tip that is almost as strongly arched as that of the thick-billed raven. Though predominantly black, the throat, breast and neck show a faint purple gloss. There is a large patch of white feathers on the nape of the neck.
Soars well with shallower wingbeats than other Corvidae.
Often described as a raven with a sore throat, it has very similar calls to the common raven, but with a more husky note. It has a croak like the other raven species but with a more whispering note. Like all corvids, the White-necked raven is capable of vocal mimicry. However, this behavior is only ever recorded in captivity.
It occurs in eastern and southern Africa in open, mountainous country. It is quite commonly found in small towns and villages as long as there are mountains or hills for roosting and nesting relatively nearby.
The species is associated with mountains, as the species nests on cliff ledges. As such its often found in montane grasslands.
The species is omnivorous, feeding on both vegetable and animal matter.
Most of this bird's food is obtained from the ground, but it will take food from trees as well. It has been seen to drop a tortoise from a height on to hard ground, preferably on rocks, and then swoop down to eat it, or even pick it up again if not sufficiently broken. White-necked ravens will also readily take carrion from road kills. Fruit, grain, insects, small reptiles, peanuts and human food are also readily taken, and the bird forages in back yards and gardens quite openly. Like all or most raven species, White-necked ravens form flocks after leaving their parents and, once fully matured, will pair off and form territories. They are often found in the company of other scavengers such as kites or vultures.
Nests are bowls of sticks lined with grass, hair, and wool, built mainly on cliff ledges but occasionally found in trees. There are usually 3-5 eggs laid.
Siamese fireback

The Siamese fireback (Lophura diardi), also known as Diard's fireback, is a fairly large, approximately 80 cm (31 in) long, pheasant. The male has a grey plumage with an extensive facial caruncle, crimson legs and feet, ornamental black crest feathers, reddish brown iris and long curved blackish tail. The female is a brown bird with blackish wings and tail feathers.
The Siamese fireback is distributed to the lowland and evergreen forests of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam in Southeast Asia. This species is also designated as Thailand's national bird. The female usually lays between four and eight rosy eggs.
The scientific name commemorates the French naturalist Pierre-Médard Diard.
This species of pheasant has a common name in Thai Kai Fah Phaya Lo (Thai: ไก่ฟ้าพญาลอ; Lord Lo's pheasant), according to Thai folk literature, Lilit Phra Lo where Phra Lo, the protagonist, is charmed by following the pheasant until he meets Phra Phuean and Phra Phaeng, the two sisters and later his lovers.
Due to habitat loss and over-hunting in some areas, the Siamese fireback was evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List; however, it is now Least Concern.
Crestless fireback

The crestless firebacks (Lophura sp) are a group of two species of bird in the family Phasianidae. They are found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Their natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. They are threatened by habitat destruction.
Male crestless firebacks are about 38 cm (15 in) in length and females slightly smaller. The face has bare red skin, the bill is greenish in males and black in females, there is no crest, the legs are bluish-grey, with long spurs in males and short spurs in females. The tail is short and either rounded, or the central feathers are shorter than the outer ones. The male has purplish-black plumage, with white vermiculation on the mantle and back, the wings and the side of the breast. The rump is bright chestnut and the upper tail coverts are purple with maroon margins. The tail feathers are cinnamon with black bases. The female crestless fireback is almost completely black with a blue or green gloss and was for some time considered to be a separate species. The head is brownish, paling to nearly white on the throat. Juveniles resemble females but have pale-edged feathers, and young males develop chestnut rumps quite soon. The female is very similar in appearance to the male Salvadori's pheasant (Lophura inornata) which is endemic to Sumatra, but that species tends to inhabit forests at higher altitudes.
The Malayan crestless fireback is found in mainland Malaysia and Sumatra while pyronota occurs in Borneo. The male of the latter species is a greyer bird, with black and white vermiculations, and steel blue upper tail coverts. The crestless firebacks are shy birds and seldom seen; they inhabit undergrowth in lowland rainforests, and also secondary growth forest in Malaysia, up to altitudes of about 300 m (1,000 ft).
The crestless firebacks are retiring bird and has been little studied. They mostly occur in pairs or small groups. It lives on the ground among undergrowth and feeds during the day by scratching up the leaf litter and eating the small animals exposed, as well as feeding on vegetable matter and fallen fruit. They breed in captivity, and a nest recorded in the wild was between the buttress roots of a large tree and contained a clutch of four or five pink or pale buff eggs. The breeding season is from April to June and the gestation period lasts 24 days.
The birds are uncommon, with a moderate-sized range and a patchy distribution. Their natural habitat is lowland evergreen virgin forest, including peat forest and karst forest. These habitats are increasingly being cleared and the population of the bird is thought to be decreasing. However, they have also been observed in partially logged secondary forest in both Malaysia and Sumatra, and have been recorded there at densities of six birds per square kilometre. Besides this, some birds live in protected areas of forest. The International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates there may be a total of between ten and twenty thousand mature individuals. Clements and the IUCN has split into both species and the IOC has followed suit.
Българско училище „Елин Пелин“ (Хюстън)

Българското училище „Елин Пелин“ е училище на българската общност в град Хюстън, щата Тексас, САЩ. Има филиали в Сан Антонио и Остин. Създадено е през юни 2012 г. То функционира към Фондация „Елин Пелин“ – Хюстън. Изучавани дисциплини са български език и литература, български традиции и обичаи, роден край и човекът и обществото. Към училището е сформирана детска градина, в която се обучават деца на 3 – 4 години. През учебната 2024/2025 г. в училището се обучават около 120 деца. Директор на училището е г-жа Райна Левакова.
Брой на учениците през учебните години:
Джонатан Крийк

„Джонатан Крийк“ е британски сериал на BBC, създаден и написан от Дейвид Ренуик. Сериалът е криминална драма с комедийни елементи. Алан Дейвис играе Джонатан Крийк, изобретател на илюзии, който разкрива заплетени мистерии.
Сериалът е излъчван с прекъсвания между 1997 и 2004 г., като са заснети четири пълни сезона и два коледни епизода. До 2000 г. (18 епизода) асистентка на Крийк е Мади Магелан, изиграна от Карълайн Куентин. През следващите четири години (7 епизода) асистентка е Карла Борего, в ролята Джулия Савала. Пет години по-късно сериалът се завръща с два специални епизода през 2009 и 2010 г., в които асистентка е Джоуи Рос, в ролята Шеридан Смит. Нов епизод на сериала, отново с участието на Смит, ще бъде излъчен през 2013 г. на Великден.
Сериалът печели БАФТА за първия си сезон и се радва на култов статут. Много от драматичните роли в сериала са изиграни от предимно комедийни актьори и черният хумор е често явление. Началната мелодия на сериала е вариация на „Танц на смъртта“ на Камий Сен-Санс от композитора Джулиан Стюарт Линдзи. Британският илюзионист Али Бонго участва като консултант на продукцията.
В България сериалът е излъчван в началото на новото хилядолетие по Канал 1 на БНТ с дублаж на български.
Гирлянда

Гирлянда е декоративна верижка, изработена от цветя, листа, плодове, хартия или други материали, която се закачва по празнични поводи, например като декорация на стая или маса, на коледна елха или около врата на човек. В Индия и други части на Азия цветните гирлянди служат като празничен дар при посещение на храмове, при сватби, на Нова година и т. н. Гирляндите могат да бъдат подредени една до друга или да се припокриват; краищата обикновено висят свободно.
Гирлянди се използват също в архитектурата. Когато гирляндата се използва като по-обемно, стилизирано архитектурно украшение, се говори за фестон.
Думата идва от френската дума „Guirlande“ и италианската „Ghirlanda“, означаващи плитка и навлиза в българския през руския.
Гирляндите се срещат върху древни релефи, особено през елинистичния и римския период. По време на италианския Ренесанс гирляндите са включени в гротескни композиции. В стиловете на класицизма и барока те са били използвани в архитектурния ордер: ред гирлянди бил разделян от вертикални елементи под формата на антични факли или кръгли розети.
Гирлянди се правят още от древни времена. През 2006 г. в египетската Долина на царете, в саркофазите на гробниците, били намерени цветни гирлянди с вплетени златни нишки.
Гирляндите били особено широко разпространени през периодите на френското регентство и стила рококо. Гирляндите били използвани за украса на мъжки и дамски костюми, в рамките на рисунки и гравюри те били комбинирани с картуши.
Гринч

„Гринч“ (или „Как Гринч открадна Коледа“; на английски: How the Grinch Stole Christmas) е американски коледен фентъзи комедийно-драматичен филм от 2000 г., режисиран от Рон Хауърд и по сценарий на Джефри Прайс и Питър С. Сийман. Базиран е на едноименната книга на д-р Сюс от 1957 г. Това е първата книга на д-р Сюс, адаптирана към пълнометражен игрален филм. Главните роли изпълняват Джим Кери като Гринч, Тейлър Момсън като Синди Лу Кой, Франк Уелкър като гласа на кучето Макс и Антъни Хопкинс като разкзавача. Джефри Тамбор, Кристин Барански, Бил Ъруин и Моли Шанън участват в поддържащи роли.
Тъй като филмът е базиран на детска книжка с картинки, са направени много промени и допълнения към сюжета, за да бъде доведен до пълнометражен, включително информация за предисторията на главния герой и преработка на второстепенния герой на историята Синди Лу Кой като главен герой. Повечето от римите, използвани в книгата, също са използвани във филма, въпреки че някои са променени и са въведени няколко нови рими. Филмът заимства някои елементи и от телевизионен филм от 1966 г. като зеления цвят на кожата на Гринч и песента „Ти си подъл, господин Гринч“.
Продуциран от Imagine Entertainment на Хауърд и Брайън Грейзър, „Гринч“ се разпространява от Universal Pictures. В Съединените щати филмът излиза на 17 ноември 2000 г. и получава смесени отзиви от критиците, които критикуват сценария, героите и тъмния тон на филма, но оценяват музиката на Джеймс Хорнър, изпълнението на Кери и гримът и костюмите. Филмът печели над 345 милиона щатски долара в световен мащаб, ставайки шестият най-доходоносен филм през 2000 г. и първоначално е вторият най-печеливш коледен филм за всички времена зад „Сам вкъщи“ (1990), докато и двата филма са надминати през 2018 г. от новата анимационна екранизация на историята за Гринч. Филмът печели наградата „Оскар“ за най-добър грим, както и номинации за най-добра художествена режисура и най-добър дизайн на костюми.
В България филмът е разпространен по кината на 26 януари 2001 г. от „Съни филмс“, а по-късно е издаден на VHS през декември от „Александра Видео“.
През 2005 г. е издаден на DVD от „Прооптики България“.
На 25 декември 2009 г. филмът е излъчен по Нова телевизия с български дублаж. Дублажът е на „Арс Диджитал Студио“. Екипът се състои от:
Българско училище „Елин Пелин“ (Парла)

Българското училище „Елин Пелин“ е училище на българската общност в град Парла, Испания. Създадено е през 2012 г. В него се преподават предмети по български език и литература, история и география на България.
Училището е открито на 7 октомври 2012 г. от Асоциация „Слово“ – асоциация на българските учители в Мадрид. През 2013 г. то е лицензирано от Министерството на образованието и науката на България. През 2014 г. се създава филиал на училището в град Ривас-Васиамадрид.