davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Cacaolat

Cacaolat es una marca española de batido de leche y cacao del Grupo Cacaolat que desde 2021 es propiedad del grupo Damm.​ Está considerado el primer batido de fabricación industrial del mundo.​
Cacaolat se comercializa en botellas de vidrio retornable, plástico y packs de tetra brick. El sabor a chocolate es el producto principal, aunque también hay batidos de vainilla y fresa. La marca es especialmente popular en Cataluña, donde tiene su principal área de distribución.
El batido Cacaolat fue creado por Joan Viader Roger, hijo de Marc Viader Bas, un industrial catalán que había fundado en 1925 la sociedad anónima Letona. La idea del batido con leche surgió a partir de una bebida artesanal que Joan y su padre vieron hacer en Hungría. Joan Viader solicitó la patente del producto el 4 de diciembre de 1931 como "bebida nutritiva refrescante", siendo el primero elaborado de forma industrial en el mundo.​
El producto se elaboraba a partir de la leche desnatada, que en aquella época no era considerada como útil, con cacao y azúcar. La producción se vio paralizada entre 1936 y 1950, primero por la Guerra Civil y después por la falta de abastecimiento de cacao de calidad. Años más tarde Letona retoma y aumenta la producción del batido.
En 1971 Clesa se hace con Letona, y por ello pasa también a controlar Cacaolat. La productora láctea impulsa el consumo de Cacaolat en Cataluña y toda la zona de Levante, a la vez que aumenta la publicidad para dar a conocer el producto en sus áreas de referencia. En 1998 la empresa fue comprada por Parmalat, y entre 2007 y 2011 perteneció a Nueva Rumasa. La firma escindió Cacaolat de Clesa en 2010, para que esta pasara a ser una marca independiente.​ Aunque su intención era que cotizara en Bolsa, no llegó a hacerlo.
A comienzos de 2011, Nueva Rumasa tenía una deuda de 700 millones de euros que afectó a todas sus empresas. Desde entonces, Cacaolat tiene serios problemas para mantener su modelo de negocio y los puestos de trabajo. Para evitar su desaparición, algunas empresas han presentado ofertas para hacerse con la marca y los consumidores se han movilizado bajo el lema en catalán "Salvem el Cacaolat" (traducible como Salvemos el Cacaolat).​​
Después de un largo proceso de subasta en un juzgado mercantil de Barcelona, la empresa fue comprada el 8 de noviembre de 2011 por una alianza formada por el grupo cervecero Damm y la embotelladora Cobega, al 50% cada una, que contaba con el apoyo del fondo de inversión Victory Turnaround. El acuerdo, valorado en 130 millones de euros, contemplaba el relanzamiento de la marca y el traslado de la producción a Santa Coloma de Gramanet, en la antigua fábrica de cervezas Damm, además de la creación de un negocio independiente y la remodelación de una planta en Zaragoza.​
En junio de 2021, Damm llegó a un acuerdo con Cobega para adquirir su participación en Cacaolat, haciéndose con el control de toda la empresa.​​ Tres años después, Idilia Foods —propietaria de la marca Cola Cao— alcanzó un acuerdo con Damm para adquirir la mitad de la compañía, con el objetivo de ampliar su negocio de batidos, por unos 50 millones de euros.​
Pablo Maffeo

Pablo Carmine Maffeo Becerra (San Juan Despí, Cataluña, 12 de julio de 1997) es un futbolista español, nacionalizado argentino, que juega como defensa en el R. C. D. Mallorca de la Primera División de España.
Su carrera la empezó en el FC Levante Las Planas.​ En 2003 llegó al Real Club Deportivo Espanyol, donde realizó todos los procesos de divisiones menores.​
El 7 de abril de 2013 hizo su debut con R. C. D. Espanyol "B" en reemplazo de Canario frente a Club Esportiu Constància, por la 36.ª fecha de la temporada 2012-13, en un encuentro disputado en Ciutat Esportiva Dani Jarque de Barcelona.​ El mismo finalizó 1 a 0 en favor de Espanyol.​
El 3 de julio de 2013, fue traspasado al Manchester City F. C. junto con su compatriota Manu García. Se le asignó inicialmente al equipo sub-18 del Manchester City, donde se mantuvo por dos temporadas.​
El 29 de agosto de 2015, Maffeo fue convocado por el entrenador del primer equipo Manuel Pellegrini durante un partido de Premier League contra el Watford,​ pero no fue utilizado en aquel partido que finalizó con victoria de 2 a 0.​ Posteriormente aparecería en el banco en unas cuantas ocasiones, además de tener apariciones constantes en la Liga Juvenil de la UEFA.
Hizo su debut oficial el 24 de agosto de 2016, bajo las órdenes de Pep Guardiola, en un partido frente a Steaua de Bucarest correspondiente a la Liga de Campeones de la UEFA 2016-17.​
Durante su etapa de canterano en el City, se hizo conocido por el anuncio de Colacao, junto con José Pozo.​
El 13 de enero de 2016 se unió en calidad de cedido por seis meses al Girona F. C. de la Segunda División de España, tras ser renovado su contrato con los Citizens por 3 temporadas más.​ Hizo su debut oficial el 7 de febrero, sustituyendo a Borja García en un empate de 1 a 1 en casa contra el Gimnàstic de Tarragona.​
El 14 de mayo de 2018 fichó por el VfB Stuttgart con un contrato hasta el año 2023 y por una cifra cercana a 10 millones de euros.​
El 21 de junio de 2019 regresó al Girona F. C. en calidad de cedido por el VfB Stuttgart.​
El 8 de septiembre de 2020 se hizo oficial que jugaría una temporada como cedido, con opción de compra al final de la misma, en la S. D. Huesca.​
Acumuló una tercera cesión al fútbol español en la temporada 2021-22, ya que el 7 de julio recaló en las filas del R. C. D. Mallorca.​ Tras acabar la campaña se ejecutó la opción de compra obligatoria que incluía el acuerdo y firmó con el conjunto bermellón hasta 2026.​
Ha sido internacional con la selección de fútbol sub-17 de España en 4 ocasiones y con la sub-21.
El 10 de noviembre de 2023 ingresó a la nómina de futbolistas para representar a la selección de fútbol de Argentina en la siguiente doble fecha de clasificación para la Copa Mundial de 2026, contra las selecciones de Uruguay y Brasil.​
Actualizado al último partido jugado el 30 de marzo de 2025.
Paladín Maestro

Paladín (o Paladín Maestro, Paladín Minuto o Paladín a la Taza, según su formato o su tiempo) es una marca y producto fabricado por Idilia Foods​ (antes llamada Nutrexpa) ubicada en la ciudad de Valencia, España. Es un cacao en polvo soluble para hacer chocolate a la taza. No tiene una popularidad como sus marcas compañeras Cola Cao y Nocilla.
Según el envase, el producto existía desde 1943, pero no hay ningún archivo que argumente la historia de la marca. La única evidencia de su salida al mercado son sus anuncios publicitarios.​ Su publicidad siempre se centra en la época y en la 'importancia' de Paladín con valores familiares y otros temas.
A finales de 2016, por el mes de diciembre, Paladín lanzó al mercado una exclusiva lata ambientada en la Navidad con un contenido de 675 gramos. Su utilización posterior era variable.​
En noviembre de 2019, se creó un packaging doypack para las ediciones Líquido, Blanco y Noir con zip de autocierre que reducía el uso de plástico en un 70 %.​
El aporte de Paladín Maestro se muestra en la siguiente tabla. Los valores pueden variar según el formato.
Paladín se presenta oficialmente con estos formatos. Solo es distribuido por España. Cabe destacar que los novedosos formatos Líquido, Noir y Blanco fueron añadidos en noviembre de 2019:​​
Anteriormente en la página oficial de Idilia Foods se nombraba los siguientes formatos:
Oficialmente se señala que la marca se distribuye como:
Nocilla

Nocilla es una crema untable de cacao de origen español. Creada en 1967 por el grupo Starlux. Desde 2015 es producido por Idilia Foods.
A finales de los años 1960, el grupo Starlux se inspiró en un producto del grupo italiano Ferrero, la crema untable Nutella, para elaborar su propio producto para el mercado español. La masa de Nocilla tiene un tercio menos de pasta de avellanas que Nutella.
En la publicidad se promocionó con una canción que citaba sus ingredientes básicos: «leche, cacao, avellanas y azúcar».
El primer eslogan de Nocilla fue ¡Qué merendilla!.​ Para darse a conocer entre los jóvenes, Nocilla patrocinó campamentos deportivos, eventos infantiles y apostó fuertemente por la publicidad. De este modo, Nocilla se situó como principal marca en su sector.
En 1997 los accionistas de Starlux vendieron la firma al grupo Knorr,​ que más tarde pasó a manos de la multinacional anglo-neerlandesa Unilever. Cinco años después, los propietarios vendieron la marca al Grupo Nutrexpa, conocida por ser el fabricante del Cola Cao. Bajo su gestión, Nocilla lanzó nuevos sabores y otros productos como bollos.​ Tras la división de Nutrexpa en dos compañías en 2014 y el reparto de los productos de la antigua Nutrexpa entre las dos nuevas compañías que empezaron a funcionar en 2015, Nocilla quedó bajo la propiedad de Idilia Foods, que es quien la fabrica hoy en día.​
Se han realizado ediciones especiales de los vasos de Nocilla, diseñados por Rosario Flores, Vicky Martín Berrocal, Agatha Ruiz de la Prada o Victorio & Lucchino entre otros.
Existen dos sabores clásicos de Nocilla: original (crema de avellanas con chocolate) y dúo (crema original y crema de leche). Además, salieron al mercado crema de leche, crema triple de avellanas e incluso una crema de fresa, sabor ya extinto. Actualmente, existe en el mercado la nocilla de almendras. Tradicionalmente el recipiente era un vaso de cristal, en ocasiones formando parte de una colección creada expresamente por conocidos diseñadores.
El equivalente de Nocilla en otros países serían productos como Nucita (Venezuela y Colombia) u Ovomaltina (esta última bajo licencia de la chocolatera Wander de Suiza). Ambas marcas no tienen ninguna relación con Nutrexpa.
* Ración recomendada: 15 g.
** IR: Ingesta de Referencia.
*** VRN: Valores de Referencia de Nutrientes.​
Cola Cao song

The "Cola Cao song" (Spanish: Canción del Cola Cao) was a popular radiophonic advertisement in Spain used to promote the product Cola Cao in 1952. It is a nostalgia item identified with the metallic container. The song was aired in 1955 and composed by Aurelio Jordi Dotras, and its first verses are still remembered: "Yo soy aquel negrito del África Tropical / que cultivando cantaba la canción del Cola Cao /..." ("I am that little black guy from Tropical Africa / who sang the Cola Cao song while cultivating").
It was one of the first advertisement in Spain which was repeated in the radio. In 1956, due to the song success, the company had from seventeen employees to a hundred of them. The company released a new version of the song in 2020, modifying the lyrics perceived as racist.
Idilia Foods

Idilia Foods (formerly Nutrexpa) is a Spanish food business group. The company is headquartered in Barcelona and was established in 1940. It produces food items such as fish stock cubes, baker's yeast, caramel or honey.
Some major brands of the company are:
In the context of an internationalization policy after consolidation on the internal Spanish market, Nutrexpa expanded to Portugal where it sells the same products as in Spain in view of the proximity and affinity between the two markets. Later it has expanded business operations to other countries, as Chile and China.
In 2014, the Ferrero and Ventura families decided to divide the company into two groups. The segregation came into force on January 1, 2015. The cocoa division, baptized Idilia Foods and which belongs to the Ferrero family, owns the chocolate brands Cola Cao, Nocilla, Paladín, the dairy beverage brand Okey and the sweetener Mesura, with two factories in Spain and one in China (which it sold in December 2015). By Adam Foods, specialized in biscuits and food under the control of the Ventura family, manages the Artiach and Cuétara cookie brands; the Phoskitos buns; La Piara pâté; Bocadelia sandwich mix; the San Francisco Honey Farm; the concession of Pez sweets and Aneto bottled broths, with six factories in Spain and one in Portugal.
In 2017, Idilia Foods announced the transfer of its headquarters to the city of Valencia due to the political situation in Catalonia, although the operational headquarters has remained in Barcelona.
In January 2019, Xavier Pons joined as CEO, coming from Mars, replacing Ricardo Anmella.
El Viaje de Rose

El Viaje de Rose (it could be translated as “The Rose’s Journey”) are a Spanish pop-rock band from Badajoz, Extremadura. The band is led by Ana Broncano, the singer. The name El Viaje de Rose is due to the fact that Ana saw a poster of the film Titanic when they were thinking about the name of the band
The band was created in 2004 and Broncano's lyrics have frequent allusions to love and social problems. Well-known songs by El Viaje de Rose include "Deseo", "No se puede matar al amor", "Tras la vida", "Caos", "Ayúdame" and "Perdíteis". The highest moment in the band's career was probably reached with the release of their album Guía de ciudades invisibles, whose single “Deseo” had a significant success in the Concurso Coca-Cola in 2007.
List of minor planet discoverers

This is a list of minor-planet discoverers credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of one or several minor planets (such as near-Earth and main-belt asteroids, Jupiter trojans and distant objects). As of January 2022, the discovery of 612,011 numbered minor planets are credited to 1,141 astronomers and 253 observatories, telescopes or surveys (see § Discovering dedicated institutions).
On how a discovery is made, see observations of small Solar System bodies. For a description of the tables below, see § Notes.
The discovery table consist of the following fields:
Nocilla

Nocilla is a Spanish brand of hazelnut and chocolate spread similar to Nutella, sold in Spain and Portugal. It was first launched in the late 1960s, and after its acquisition from Unilever in 2002 was manufactured by Nutrexpa.
Leche, cacao, avellanas y azúcar... ¡¡No-ci-lla!!: "Milk, cocoa, hazelnuts and sugar... No-ci-lla!!"
At the end of 1967, the Starlux group was inspired by a product of the Italian Ferrero group, the Nutella spreadable cream, to develop its own product for the Spanish market. Nocilla though has a third less hazelnut paste than Nutella. Nocilla's first slogan was ¡Qué snack! To make itself known among young people, Nocilla sponsored sports camps, children's events and bet heavily on advertising. In this way, Nocilla positioned itself as the main brand in its sector.
In 1997, Starlux shareholders sold the firm to the Knorr group, which later passed into the hands of the Anglo-Dutch multinational Unilever. Five years later, the owners sold the brand to Grupo Nutrexpa, known for being the manufacturer of Cola Cao. Under their management, Nocilla launched new flavors and other products, such as buns. After the division of Nutrexpa into two companies in 2014 and the distribution of the products of the old Nutrexpa between the two new companies that began operating in 2015, Nocilla came under the ownership of Idilia Foods.
Euskotren

Euskotren, formally known as Basque Railways (Basque: Eusko Trenbideak, Spanish: Ferrocarriles Vascos), is a public railway company controlled by the Basque Government and officially established in 1982 to operate several 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) narrow gauge railways inside the autonomous community of the Basque Country, under the terms of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. Originally operating under the commercial brand ET/FV, it took control of the management and operations of the narrow gauge lines formerly operated by the railway company FEVE. The commercial brand eventually changed to Euskotren, as it remains today. Since 2006, the infrastructure on which the company runs its trains has been owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea.
Euskotren operates several public transportation services; including commuter rail, inter-city rail, urban rail transit and public bus services as well as freight rail transport. Each of the transport services is operated under a global commercial brand. The company also aims to operate high-speed rail services on the Basque Y.
Aside from its four main divisions, the company also manages the Basque Railway Museum in Azpeitia and the Larreineta funicular in Valle de Trápaga-Trapagaran.
Euskotren Trena is the commercial brand for the railway services operated by Euskotren (including Bilbao metro line 3). Until 2012 the commercial brand for the service was EuskoTren.
Euskotren Tranbia (tranbia being the Basque word for tram) is the commercial brand for the urban tram services operated by Euskotren. From the opening of the first line in Bilbao in 2002 until 2012 the commercial brand for these services was EuskoTran.
Euskotren Autobusa (autobusa being the Basque word for bus) is the commercial brand for the operator of several bus lines in the provinces of Biscay and Gipuzkoa. Euskotren Autobusa serves as an operator for the services among other companies; the commercial brand for the services is Bizkaibus in Biscay and Lurraldebus in Gipuzkoa.
Euskotren Kargo is the commercial brand for the freight rail transport services operated by Euskotren. Euskotren Kargo operated only during nighttime, sharing the railtracks of Euskotren Trena. Until 2012 the commercial brand for the service was EuskoKargo.
As of 2021, the Euskotren Trena service is operated with a fleet of 58 electric multiple units (EMU), all built by CAF. The Euskotren Tranbia tramway services in Bilbao and Vitoria-Gasteiz are operated using a fleet of 26 CAF Urbos trams, distributed between both networks. Additionally, Euskotren owns several TD2000 series locomotives, intended for freight transport.
Blue Frog

Blue Frog was a freely-licensed anti-spam tool produced by Blue Security Inc. and operated as part of a community-based system which tried to persuade spammers to remove community members' addresses from their mailing lists by automating the complaint process for each user as spam is received. Blue Security maintained these addresses in a hashed form in a Do Not Intrude Registry, and spammers could use free tools to clean their lists. The tool was discontinued in 2006.
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta adolah sabuah perguruan tinggi swasta nan barado di Jakarta, Indonesia. Universitas iko badiri di bawah naungan Yayasan Perguruan Tinggi 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta.
Universitas 17 Agustus, didirikan 2 tahun satalah Universitas Indonesia diagiahan dek Pamarintah Balando kapado Pamarintah Indonesia, dek babarapo tokoh baaliran kebangsaan. Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta kontemporer atau labiah dikenal jo singkatan UNTAG ’45 Jakarta kontemporer, didirikan pado tanggal 14 Juli 1952 dek babarapo tokoh nasionalis nan baaliran kebangsaan dan banauang dibawah Yayasan Pandidikan Tinggi 17 Agustus 1945. Namo 17 Agustus 1945 disampiang digunokan untuak maabadikan kajadian basijarah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan, juo marupokan komitmen dan tujuan Yayasan taadok Universitas, untuak mawujudkan salah satu cita-cita kemerdekaan.
Di bawah yayasan baru, singkatan UNTAG diubah manjadi UTA'45 Jakarta.
Universitas Indonesia

Universitas Indonesia(biaso disingkek UI) adolah sabuah perguruan tinggi milik pamarintah Indonesia. Kampus utamonyo talatak di Depok, Jawa Barat, dan ado pulo kampus nan lain di daerah Salemba, Jakarta Pusat. Universitas ko alah manghasilkan labiah dari 400,000 alumni, dan sacaro umum dianggap subagai salah satu dari tigo perguruan tinggi nan paliang elit di Indonesia basamo Institut Teknologi Bandung jo Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Knot (satuan)

Knot adolah satuan kacapatan nan samo dangan ciek mil lauik (1,852 km) par jam, kiro-kiro 1,151 mil par jam. Singkatan nan paguno untuak satuan kacapatan iko, manuruik maritim Amerika Sarikat, Kanada, dan juo Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers saroto International Bureau of Weights and Measures iyolah kn. Singkatan kt banyak juo digunakan, kadang-kadang pakai simbol kts. Iko adolah satuan non SI nan ditarimo untuak digunakan basamo dangan SI.
Samudra Atlantik

Samudra Atlantik marupoan samudra paliang laweh kaduo satalah Samudra Pasifik, jo jumalah laweh kasadonyo adolah 106,400,000 km kudrat, mancakuik kiro-kiro 20% dari pamukoan Bumi sarato kiro-kiro 29% marupoan dari daerah pamukoan aia. Bagian awa dari namo iko marujuak ka Atlas dari mitologi Yunani, mambuek Atlantik sabagai "Lauik Atlas".
Samudra Atlantik ko dikuliliangi pado bagian barat dek Amerika Utara sarato Amerika Selatan. Tasambuang ka Samudra Atlantik liwaik Salek Denmark, Lauik Greenland, Lauik Norwegia jo Lauik Barents. Pado timur, bateh-bateh lauiknyo adolah banua Eropa, batehnyo adolah di Salek Gibraltar nan tasambuang jo Lauik Tangah, ciek dari pinggia lauiknyo
Adok

Adok adolah pasambahan tradisional Minangkabau nan barupo padendangan pantun-pantun dikuikan jo tabuhan adok jo tarian. Namo ado barasal dari alat tabuh nan digunokan dalam pertunjukan, nan banamo adok. Alat iko sajenis rebana nan baukuran gadang, bagian nan ditabuh ditutuikan kulit sapi,, dan permukaannya labiah gadang daripado bagian belakangnyo. Bagian muko berdiameter kiro-kiro 65 cm, dan bagian belakangnyo berdiameter kiro-kiro 20 cm.
Lautan Pasifik

Lautan Pasifik (dari bahaso Sepanyol Pacifico, nan bamukasuik "tanang") atau kadang-kadang juo disabuik Lautan Taduah, iyolah kumpulan sado lauik di antaro Asia jo Australasia di sabalah barat, Amerika di sabalah timur, Antartika di sabalah selatan jo Lautan Artik di sabalah utara.
Lautan Pasifik marupoan kumpulan aia tagadang di dunia. Iyo malipuiki kiro-kiro sepertiga muko Bumi, jo laweh sagadang 179.7 juta km² (69.4 juta mi²). Panjangnyo labiah kurang 15,500 km (9,600 bt) dari Lauik Bering di Artik inggo dibateh ais di Lauik Ross di Antartika di selatan. Lautan Pasifik mancapai leba timua-barat tagadang pado kiro-kiro 5 darjah U garih lintang, di mano inyo tabantang kiro-kiro 19,800 km (12,300 mi) dari Indonesia inggo pasisia Colombia. Bateh sabalah barat lautan iko biasonyo talatak di Selat Melaka. Titiak paliang randah di muko Bumi—Jurang Mariana—barado di Lautan Pasifik.
Lautan Pasifik tadiri dari labiah kurang 25 000 kapulauan (labiah dari jumlah kapulauan nan barado di lautan dunia lainnyo jikok digabuang), nan sabagian gadangnyo talatak di selatan katulistiwa.
Di bateh Lautan Pasifik tadapek banyak lautan, nan tagadang adolah Lauik Sulawesi, Lauik Korea, Lauik Cina Timua, Lauik Jepang, Lauik Cino Salatan, Lauik Sulu, Lauik Tasman jo Lauik Kuning. Selat Melaka maubuangan Lautan Pasifik jo Lautan Hindi di sabalah barat, jo Selat Magellan maubuangan Lautan Pasifik jo Lautan Atlantik di sabalah timua.
Pulau Nieh

Pulau Nieh (bahaso Indonesia: Pulau Nias, bahaso Nieh: Tanö Niha) adolah pulau nan talatak di pasisia barat Sumatra, Indonesia. Nieh juo adolah namo untuak kapulauan (Kepulauan Nias) di ma pulaunyo talatak di tanganyo, tapi juo tamasuak Kapulauan Batu di tenggara pulau sarato Kapulauan Hinako di baratnyo. Pulau Nieh malingkuangi area salaweh 5,121.3 km (1,977.3 sq mi). Sabagian gadangnyo adolah dataran randah jo katinggian inggo 800 m (2,600 ft) di ateh pamukoan lauik. Ado kiro-kiro 756.338 panduduak nan mauni pulau (tamasuak Kapulauan Batu jo pulau lapeh pantai) manuruik sensus 2010. Kiro-kiro pado Januari 2014 bajumlah 788.132 urang.
Pulau iko marupoan pulau paliang gadang di antaro gugusan pulau di pantai barat Sumatera, dihuni dek mayoritas suku Nias (Ono Niha).
Pulau ko talatak dalam rangkaian kapulauan sapanjang pasisia barat Sumatra; Simeulue kiro-kiro talatak 140 km (87 mi) di barat daya, jo Kapulauan Batu (nan sacaro administrasi bagian dari Nias dan sacaro etnis saroman) talatak kiro-kiro 80 km (50 mi) di tenggara.
Asteroid

Asteroid, pernah disebut sebagai planet minor atau planetoid, adolah benda baukuran labiah kaciak daripado planet, tetapi lebih gadang daripada meteoroid, umumnya ada di bagian dalam Tata Surya (labiah dalam dari orbit planet Neptunus). Asteroid babeda jo komet dari panampakan visualnyo. Komet manampakkan koma ("ikua") samantaro asteroid tido.
Asteroid partamo nan ditamukan adolah 1 Ceres nan ditamukan pado taun 1801 dek Giuseppe Piazzi. Kala itu, asteroid disabuik sabagai planetoid.
Alah sabanyak ratusan ribu asteroid di dalam tatasurya awak nan ditamui dan kini panamuan baru itu rato-rato sabanyak 5000 buah per bulannyo. Pado 27 Agustus 2006, dari total 339.376 planet ketek nan tadaftar, 136.563 di antaronyo punyo orbit nan cukuik dikenal sainggo dapek diagiah nomor rasmi nan permanen. Di antaro planet-planet tasabuik, 13.350 punyo namo rasmi (trivia: kiro-kiro 650 di antaro namo iko mamaralukan tando pangenal). Nomor tabawah tetapi barupa planet ketek tak banamo iyolah (3360) 1981 VA; planet ketek nan dinamoi jo nomor tarateh (kacuali planet katai 136199 Eris sarato 134340 Pluto), iyolah 129342 Ependes .
Kini dipakirokan baso asteroid nan badiameter labiah dari 1 km dalam sistem tatasurya bajumlah total antaro 1.1 inggo 1.9 juta. Astéroid talaweh dalam sistem tatasurya subalah dalam, iyolah 1 Ceres jo diameter 900-1000 km. Duo asteroid sabuk sistem tatasurya subalah dalam, iyolah 2 Pallas jo 4 Vesta; kaduonyo punyo diameter ~ 500 km. Vesta marupokan asteroid sabuk paliang utamo nan kadang-kadang namapk dek mato talanjang (pado babarapo kajadian nan cukuik jarang, asteroid nan dakek jo bumi dapek nampak tanpa bantuan teknis; caliak 99942 Apophis).
Massa saluruah asteroid Sabuk Utamo dipakirokan sakitar 3.0-3.6×10 kg, atau kurang labiah 4% dari massa bulan. Dari kasadonyo ko, 1 Ceres bamassa 0.95×10 kg, 32% dari totalnyo. Kudian asteroid tapadek, 4 Vesta (9%), 2 Pallas (7%), jo 10 Hygiea (3%), manjadikan pakiroan iko manjadi 51%; tigo sataruihnyo, 511 Davida (1.2%), 704 Interamnia (1.0%), jo 3 Juno (0.9%), hanyo manambuah 3% dari massa totalnya. Jumlah asteroid barikuiknyo batambah sacaro eksponensial walaupun massa masiang-masiang turun. Dikatokan baso asteroid Ida juo punyo sabuah satelit nan banamo Dactyl.
Kota Sibolga

Kota Sibolga atau Siboga adolah salah satu kotamadya di provinsi Sumatra Utara, Indonesia. Kota ko talatak di pantai barat pulau Sumatra, mambujua sapanjang pantai dari utara ka selatan dan talatak pado kawasan Taluak Tapian Nauli. Jaraknyo kiro-kiro 350 km dari kota Medan, atau sakitar 8 jam pajalanan. Kota Sibolga hanyo mamiliki laweh 10,77 km² dan manuruik data Badan Pusat Statistik kota Sibolga 2021, kota iko mampunyoi panduduak sabanyak 89.584 jiwa (2020), jo kepadatan panduduak 8.318 jiwa/ km².
Pado maso Hindia Balando, kota ko marupokan ibukota dari Karesidenan Tapanuli. Salapeh maso kamardekaan inggo taun 1998, Sibolga manjadi kotamadya Sibolga.
Barikuik iko adolah Daftar Wali Kota Sibolga dari maso ke maso:
Barikuik iko adolah komposisi anggota DPRD Kota Sibolga dalam duo pariode terakhir.
Bardasarkan hasil pancacahan Sensus Penduduk 2010 (SP2010), jumlah panduduak Kota Sibolga samentora adolah 84.481 urang, nan terdiri atas 42.408 laki-laki jo 42.073 padusi. Dari hasil SP2010 tersebut, Kecamatan Sibolga Selatan marupoan kecamatan dengan jumlah panduduak paliang banyak yaitu 30.082 urang, sadangkan kecamatan nan jumlah panduduaknyo paliang saketek adolah Kecamatan Sibolga Kota yaitu 14.304 urang.
Masyarakaik Sibolga tadiri dari bamacam-macam etnis, antaro lain Batak Toba, Pesisir, Batak Mandailing, Batak Angkola, Batak Karo, Nias, Minang, Jawa jo Tionghoa. Dalam kasehariannyo, bahaso nan dipagunoan adolah Bahasa Pasisia (bahaso Baiko) nan marupoan salah satu dialek bahaso Minangkabau. Salain itu, ado juo dituturkan bahaso Indonesia, Batak Toba, jo lainnyo.
Barikuik jumlah atau persentase panduduk Kota Sibolga bardasarkan agamo tahun 2015:
(69777) 1998 QJ49

(69777) 1998 QJ49 adolah sabuah asteroid. Asteroid ko ditamukan pado tanggal 17 Agustus 1998 dek LINEAR di Socorro.
Sarupo asteroid sacaro kasaluruahan, asteroid ko tabantuak dari nebula matoari primordial sabagai pacahan planetesimal, sasuatu di nebula Matoari mudo nan indak cukuik gadang untuak barubah manjadi planet.
(69771) 1998 QT32

(69771) 1998 QT32 adolah sabuah asteroid. Asteroid ko ditamukan pado tanggal 17 Agustus 1998 dek LINEAR di Socorro.
Sarupo asteroid sacaro kasaluruahan, asteroid ko tabantuak dari nebula matoari primordial sabagai pacahan planetesimal, sasuatu di nebula Matoari mudo nan indak cukuik gadang untuak barubah manjadi planet.
(69767) 1998 QA20

(69767) 1998 QA20 adolah sabuah asteroid. Asteroid ko ditamukan pado tanggal 17 Agustus 1998 dek LINEAR di Socorro.
Sarupo asteroid sacaro kasaluruahan, asteroid ko tabantuak dari nebula matoari primordial sabagai pacahan planetesimal, sasuatu di nebula Matoari mudo nan indak cukuik gadang untuak barubah manjadi planet.
17th Air Squadron (Indonesia)

17th Air Squadron (Indonesian: Skadron Udara 17 or Skadud 17) is a Special/VIP transport squadron under the command of the 1st Air Wing at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Base, Jakarta. The 17th Air Squadron operates Indonesian Presidential Aircraft Boeing 737-800 BBJ2 and other transport aircraft.
The 17th Air Squadron was formed by the Air Force Chief of Staff on 1 August 1963. The squadron is based at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base.
The 17th Air Squadron was formerly known as IV Air Squadron. In 1963, the name was changed to 17th Air Squadron. The number 17 is taken from the date of the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945.
17th Air Squadron once flew the Secretary General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, using a Boeing 737 aircraft. The trip across the continent departed from their headquarters at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Force Base and was overseen by Lt. Col. Bambang Gunarto, the Squadron Commander at the time.
The duties of this squadron are similar to the "Presidential Airlift Group 89th Airlift Wing of the United States Air Force", better known as "Air Force One", as the 17th Air Squadron operates Indonesian Presidential Aircraft, the Boeing 737 BBJ and other VIP/VVIP aircraft.
The maintenance of the 17th Air Squadron is under the handling of the Ministry of the State Secretariat and even the operation of the aircraft is under the coordination of the Indonesian President's Military Secretariat.
Besides providing transportation for the president and other VIP passengers, the squadron also operated ex-Garuda Indonesia 737-400, used in evacuation of Indonesian nationals in conflict zone such as Afghanistan and Sudan.
This squadron once operated twentyone Il-14 Avia, three C-140 JetStar, C-47, one 737-200 (moved to another squadron), seven L401/402 Cessna, Fokker F27 Friendship, Fokker F28 Fellowship, Boeing B707.
As of now, the squadron operated one Dassault Falcon 7x and one Falcon 8x, Boeing Business Jet 737, Boeing 737 (500, 400, 800, 800NG), C-130 Hercules. The squadron once operated AS-332 Super Puma, but since 2011, since the formation of the 45th Air Squadron, with the main task of flying VIP rotary wing aircraft, these helicopters were moved to the 45th Air Squadron.
Thai kites

Kites have been popular in Thai society for a long time. Since the Sukhothai period, King Ramkamhaeng fully supported kite flying, so kites became a main part of Thai culture. There was also evidence that King Rama V (1868-1910) of the Rattanakosin kingdom enjoyed kite flying very much so the formal competition of kite flying was firstly created in his reign. The famous venue for kite flying in Thailand is Sanam Luang (Thai: สนามหลวง), royal turf, which has been used since 1855 in Bangkok.
Phra Ruang or Sri Intratit, one of the first Sukhothai King, was a kite enthusiast in the early 13th century. There is a story that led to a great adventure. He was flying his kite one day when the string broke and landed on a roof of nearby palace belonging to a well-known man called Phraya Aue. He decided to wait until nightfall before disguised as a commoner, climbing the palace walls and retrieving his kite. Suddenly, He remembered that Phraya Aue had a beautiful daughter. Therefore, he sought out the girl and spend the night with her. Though, the outcome of the romance is unknown.
There are various kinds of Thai kites, but the widely known are E-lum, Pakpao, Chula and Dui-dui kite.
The enormous annual fighter kite competition between the Chula and Pakpao is what traditional Thai kite-flying is all about. In the past, contests spanned over two-month period, during which games were held every afternoon from March to April when the warm southern trade winds are at their best.
Nowadays, a few people can afford to spend their free time to go kite-flying. Therefore, the annual contest for the coveted King's Cup has been shortened and run only for 15 days in April. Dates and duration can be varied, which are depended upon the organizers in each year.
In facts, the Chula kite is larger than Pakpao kite. Hence, at least two Pakpao teams should compete against one Chula team for fairness. The whole game is approximately 90 minutes. However, the competition should be divided in 2 rounds. The positions of the Chula team and the Pakpao team are different because the Chula team stand at the edge of the field. On the other hands, the Pakpao team stand at the rope, which tied up to separate the field into 2 parts. Finally, the winner is the team who can drag the kite of the opponence downward into its own area.
Maratón Dhaingean Uí Chúis

Rás reathaíochta is ea Maratón Dhaingean Uí Chúis a reáchtáiltear gach bliain i mí Dheireadh Fómhair in iarthar Leithinis Chorca Dhuibhne.
Ritear leathmharatón, maratón, agus rímharatón. Tosaíonn agus críochnaíonn an maratón ag an Muiríne i nDaingean Uí Chúis. Leantar cúrsa siar go Ceann Sléibhe agus ar ais trí Bhaile an Fheirtéaraigh, suas an cnoc ag míle 22, agus ansin ó dheas i líne dhíreach go dtí an Daingean. Sa leathmharatón ritear an cúrsa céanna go Dún Chaoin agus stadtar ansin. Ní ligtear do shruthán an Fhána rith trasna an bhóthair ar lá maratóin.
Tionóladh an rás den chéad uair sa bhliain 2009.
Gás na Coiribe

Is gáscheantar é Gás na Coiribe (nó Ghort na Coiribe) a luíonn siar ó thuaidh de chósta na hÉireann, timpeall 80km ó Cheann Iorrais i gCo. Mhaigh Eo. Tugtar Tionscanamh Ghás Aiceanta na Coiribe ar an tionscnamh scaití.
Meastar go dtéann stair an gháis siar 250 milliún bliain go dtí an t-am ar leag na haibhneacha síos an ghaineamh as a d'fheascair an gás i riocht a chruthaithe.
Fuair comhlacht darb ainm Enterprise Oil ceadúnas taiscéalaithe don fharraige siar ó thuaidh d'Éirinn i 1993. Sa bhliain 1996 tháinig siad ar Mhaigh Gháis Aiceanta na Coiribe agus ina dhiaidh sin, fuair an comhlacht ilnáisiúnta Shell, Statoil agus Marathon Oil sealúchas ar Enterprise Oil sa bhliain 2002.
I 1997, bhí an chéad tobar meastacháin tochailte. Cinneadh go raibh toirt inchumasach agus inluachta inti i dtéarmaí tráchtála agus cuireadh tús leis an bpróiseas le ceadaithe pleanála agus reachtúla a fháil.
Chinn Shell ar lárionad próiseála a thógáil ar an dtír, le nasc faoi ard-bhrú idir an gáscheantar is an scaglann. Chuaigh Cúigear Ros Dumhach chun príosúin. Cuireadh feachtas Shell chun Sáile ar bun chun tacú leis na fir. Bhí a lán fearg ag daoine sna 2000idí ag na téarmaí a bhfuair na comhlachtaí (mar shampla, bhí siad ábalta na costais taiscéalaithe agus foirgneamh a dhíscríobh in aghaidh cáin).
Sa bhliain 2015, bronnadh ceadúnas ar Shell chun gás a thabhairt i dtír (ach le raon coinníollacha maidir lena úsáid). In 2018, dhíol Shell a chuid scaireanna sa tionscal; cheannaigh Vermillion agus an Canada Pension Plan Investment Board iad. Beidh Gort na Coiribe ídithe i gceann cúpla bliain.
Scléaróis iolrach

Galar is ea scléaróis iolrach (nó SI) ina gcailltear an gnáthchumhdach (an mhiailin) a bhíonn ar néaróin san inchinn is corda an dromlaigh. Cuireann sé seo isteach ar tharchur na ríog ar feadh na néaróg, rud a lagaíonn gníomhú na gcóras sa cholainn a bhíonn faoi rialú na néaróg sin.
Faigheann 36 duine amháin as 100,000 an galar timpeall an domhain, mná níos minice ná fir. Buaileann an SI a thrí oiread ban ná fir.
Tá an tinneas níos coitianta san Iarthar, ar dhaoine in Éirinn, sa Bhreatain, sa Ghearmáin agus i Meiriceá Thuaidh go háirithe, agus tá ag méadú ar líon na gcásanna. I nDún na nGall atá an ráta is airde de dhaoine a bhfuil SI orthu in Éirinn. Bhí an aicíd ag dul do 73 duine as gach 100,000 ar an meán in Éirinn sa bhliain 2018. Ach i nDún na nGall ba 290 duine as gach 100,000 a bhí i gceist.
Is ilchineálach na hairíonna cliniciúla, ach cuimsíonn siad laige sna géaga, radharc dúbailte, deacrachtaí urlabhra, veirtige, codladh grifín, éagumas gluaiseachtaí a chomhordú (neamhluail), iad sin uile díomuan ach athfhillteach, ag éirí níos troime de réir a chéile.
Tá an tinneas ar i bhfad níos mó daoine i ngan fhios dóibh, de bhrí nach n-aithníonn siad na comharthaí sóirt.
Ní féidir tástálacha néaraisíceolaíocha le measúnú a dhéanamh ar fheidhm chognaíoch a dhéanamh ach go hannamh agus ní thugann sin tomhas oibiachtúil ar lagú cognaíoch.
Ní fios cad is cúis leis, ach d'fhéadfadh próiseas uath-imdhíonachta a bheith mar bhun leis. Is féidir go bhfuil baint le easpa vitimín D, rud atá in easnamh go minic in Éirinn. Deirtear uaireanta gur cúrsaí géinitice is cúis leis an ráta ard in Éirinn chomh maith. Ach má théann na hÉireannaigh thar lear chun tír atá níos teo nuair a mbíonn siad óg, b'fhéidir go bhfuil an ráta níos ísle.
Níl aon chóireáil ar leith ar IS mar ghalar.
D’fhéadfadh an dátheangachas a bheith ina cosaint ar an maolú intinne. D’éirigh níos fearr le daoine dátheangacha a bhfuil SI orthu ná mar a d’éirigh lena gcomhghleacaithe aonteangacha i dtástálacha cognaíochta. Cabhraíonn an dátheangachas le cur in aghaidh an néaraimheathlúcháin a ghabhann le SI.
Reáchtáltar lá domhanda na feasachta ar an tinneas gach bliain ar an 30 Bealtaine.
Is galar ceilte é nach bhfuil mórán eolais ag daoine air. Tá go leor daoine ann nach n-aithníonn an galar de bhrí nach bhfuil siad ag dul sa tóir ar na comharthaí - an meadhrán, an tuirse chéatach… ní bhíonn pian ort ach amháin nuair a ghortaíonn tú thú féin, is galar dofheicthe é agus níl fhios ag go leor go bhfuil sé orthu.
Annála Easpacha na hÉireann

Cnuasach croinicí Meán-Ghaeilge as annála éagsúla Éireann is ea Annála Easpacha na hÉireann. Tiomsaíodh iad in Osraí, is dócha le linn saol in Donnchad mac Gilla Pátraic (bás 1039), rí Osraí agus na Laighean. Mórscéal sa téacs is ea "Croinic Osraí" (molta ag Radner), a dhíríonn ar eachtraí rí Osraige den 9ú haois, Cearbhall mac Dúnlainge, sinsear Mhic Giolla Phádraig. Meastar gur cuid den tsaothar hipitéiseach, Chroinic na hÉireann, is ea na míreanna atá ar marthain.
Rinne Dubhaltach Mac Firbhisigh cóip desna hAnnála ar son Rev. John Lynch, le párlámhscríbhinn den 15ú haois mar fhoinse, a bhí i seilbh Giolla na Naomh Mhic Aodhagáin. Ollamh an Fhéineachais as an Urumhain ba ea Mac Aodhagáin. Ní scríofa ag Mac Firbhisigh é an t-aon lámhscríbhinn na nAnnál amháin atá ar marthain, ach i lámh scríobhaí anaithnid a rinne cóip de théacs Mhic Fhirbhisigh, ag cur leis nótaí ar an imeall, agus fosta innéacs. Caomhnaítear an lámhscríbhinn úd sa Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België sa Bhruiséil, MS. 7, c. n. 17, ach is neamhiomlán í. Tá cúig mhír ann, ag tosú leis an mbliain 573 agus ag críochnú le 914.
Níl ach pas beag eolais ann faoin bhfoinse a bhí ag Mac Firbhisigh. Is amhlaidh gur chuir sé cruth nua-aimseartha ar an litríocht. Tá bearnaí ann anseo is ansiúd agus an fhoinse doléite. Chuir cóipeálaí Mhic Fhirbhisigh dátaí leis an téacs, a thóg sé as Annála na gCeithre Máistrí gan iad a dheimhniú nó a cheartú fiú dá mba ghá leis.
Sa chéad mhír, faightear ábhar go formhór maidir le hUí Néill an Tuaiscirt agus b'fhéidir é gur tiomsaíodh é i gcúige Uladh, ach is léir go tiomsaíodh na míreanna eile i nOsraí. Bhain an chéad tiomsaitheoir leas as foinsí éagsúla, cuid acu (m.s. annála) níos cruinne ná cuid eile (m.s. saothair fhada na mbard). Mar thoradh, faightear iontu meascán de thaifid fhuara, finscéalta agus smaoinimh bhaotha, ar chaoi ar leith i measc annál Éireannach.
Foilsíodh dhá eagrán den Fragmentary Annals le déanaí:
Annála Tiarnaigh

Croinic nó leabhar oiris is ea Annála Tiarnaigh (giorrúchán AT), is dócha tosaithe i gCluain Mhic Nóis i nÉirinn. Scríobhadh iad as Laidin, agus Sean- agus Meán-Ghaeilge.
Is é Rawlinson B 502, saothar den 12ú haois, foinse go leor iontráil réamhstairiúil. Is í tábhacht na hannála ámh ná na tréimhsí 489-766, 973–1003 agus 1018–1178. Caomhnaítear trí bhlúirín i lámhscríbhinn den 14ú haois, Rawlinson B 488. Tá na hiontráil dosna blianta 766 go 973 caillte, ach ceaptar go bhfuil achoimre dóibh le fáil sa Chronicon Scottorum (CT). Cé gur lochtach é an saothar úd don tréimhse idir 718 agus 804, tá go leor dá ábhair fréamhaithe ón mbunshaothar teoiriciúil Croinic na hÉireann, agus dá bharr tá eolas againn céard a bhí ann.
Tá na hannála ainmnithe as Tigernach Ua Braín, abb Chluain Mhic Nóis, ach ní hionann sin agus gurbh eisean an t-údar. Deir nóta ámh i Rawlinson B 488 don bhliain 1088, bliain a bháis, gur scríobh Tiarnach an téacs go dtí an t-am sin.
Annála Inis Faithlinn

ar stair na hÉireann is ea Annála Inis Faithlinn nó Faithleann. Scríobhadh na hannála i Mainistir Inis Faithlinn i Loch Léin i gContae Chiarraí idir an 11ú haois agus an 14ú haois.
Tá breis is 2,500 iontráil ann agus iad ag cur síos ar imeachtaí idir 433 and 1450. Ceaptar gur cuireadh an lámhscríbhinn le chéile in 1092, mar gur scríobhaí amháin a bhí ag obair uirthi anuas go dtí sin ach go raibh a lán daoine á breacadh ina dhiaidh sin. Tarrraingíodh ábhar as lámhscríbhinní ó áiteanna éagsúla i gCúige Mumhan agus as cnuastéacs de Chroinic na hÉireann, téacs a shíltear a scríobhadh ag Cluain Mhic Nóis.
I dteannta na n-iontrálacha croineolaíocha, tá cuntas gearr briste sa lámhscríbhinn ar an ré réamh-Chríostaí in Éirinn, ó Abrahám go dtí Naomh Pádraig. Tá scéal na hÉireann agus na nGael suite laistigh de stair chomhchoitianta Eusebius, stair a léirítear trí chroinic dhomhanda Laidine agus trí shleachta as Réidig dam, a Dé, do nim, dán Meán-Ghaeilge a luaitear le Flann Mainistrech i lámhscríbhinní ina dhiaidh sin.
Tá na hannála le fáil anois sa Bodleian Library in Oxford mar MS Rawlinson B 503.
Cúram sláinte in Éirinn

Is éard atá i gceist le cúram sláinte in Éirinn ná sláinte an phobail agus na seirbhísí sláinte atá ar fáil in Éirinn.
Ó thaobh rátaí báis agus ionchas saoil, tá Éire i measc na dtíortha is fearr ar domhan. In 2023, ba é 82.6 bliain an t-ionchas saoil in Éirinn.
Ar an 5 Iúil 1948 bunaíodh an NHS sa Bhreatain, agus ar an lá céanna, seirbhís sláinte i Tuaisceart Éireann (Sláinte agus Cúram Sóisialta Thuaisceart Éireann). Nuair a rinneadh iarracht an córas céanna a bhunú ó dheas i ndeireadh na 1940dí, chuir gairm na míochaine agus an Eaglais Chaitliceach ina choinne.
Ar 29 Deireadh Fómhair 1953, ritheadh an tAcht Sláinte in Éirinn. D'éirigh an tsláinte saor in aisce, réabhlóid ag an am. Ach bunchúram amháin a bhí i gceist. Bhí ar mhórchuid na ndaoine íoc as seirbhísí dochtuirí teaghlaigh i gcónaí. Tháinig an ASS (Árachas Sláinte Saorálach) nó VHI isteach sa bhliain 1957, agus cúram sláinte dhá leibhéal.
Sa 20ú haois, bhí caiteachas in aghaidh an duine níos airde ó Thuaidh ná mar a bhí ó Dheas ach tháinig athrú ar an scéal de réir a chéile. Bunaíodh Feidhmeannacht na Seirbhíse Sláinte sa bhliain 2005.
Mar atá ó thuaidh is é an rialtas a mhaoiníonn cuid mhór de na seirbhísí sláinte. Agus an pobal ag dul i méid agus ag dul in aois, deirtear uaireanta nach bhfuil an córas sláinte ábalta freastal ar an éileamh atá air.
Tá deacrachtaí ann pearsanra cáilithe a aimsiú agus greim a choimeád orthu; bíonn coinníollacha oibre, traenála agus pá thar sáile níos fearr, a deirtear.
Bítear ag maíomh go bhfuil córas dhá leibhéal ann. Tá suas is anuas le 40% den phobal faoi chlúdach árachais shláinte phríobháidigh. Déantar fóirdheonú cánach ar na híocaíochtaí seo agus laghdú ar chostas sna hotharlanna poiblí.
Príomhchúiseanna an bháis ná galar croí agus ailse. Tá fadhb na hotrachta ag dul i méid agus Éire ar na tíortha is measa ó thaobh róraimhreachta ar domhan. Ach nuair a iarrtar ar mhuintir na hÉireann cén caighdeán sláinte atá acu, is nós leo leibhéil níos ísle tinnis a thuairisciú thar mar a dhéantar áiteanna eile sna Eoraip.
Is cúiseanna báis eile iad an féinmharú agus básanna i dtimpistí bóithre a mbíonn an rialtas agus an pobal ag iarraidh dul i ngleic leo.
Chaith isteach is amach le 20% den phobal toitíní timpeall ar 2010, figiúr a laghdaigh tar éis cosc ar chaitheamh i dtithe tábhairne agus clubanna oíche sa bhliain 2004, agus a raibh súil ann go dtitfidh sé tuilleadh. níl ach galar amháin, galar croí, a mharaíonn níos mó daoine ná an ailse
MS Norgoma

MS Norgoma was a Canadian package freighter and passenger ferry, that could also transport automobiles on a limited basis. Originally constructed as a steam-powered ship in 1950, SS Norgoma primarily sailed the route from her home port of Owen Sound to Sault Ste. Marie, providing a five-day round trip, once a week, serving isolated communities along the north shore of Lake Huron. After conversion to a motor ship, Norgoma was transferred to the popular Manitoulin Island ferry route between Tobermory and South Baymouth along with her sister ship SS Norisle, replacing the smaller ferry, MS Normac, on that route.
Norgoma, owned by Owen Sound Transportation Company Limited, was built at the Collingwood shipyards in 1950. She replaced the SS Manitoulin, which was retired in 1949.
Norgoma travelled mainly on the North Channel route until 1963. Improvements to Ontario's highways, such as the Trans-Canada Highway (Georgian Bay Route) completed in 1962, brought about stiff competition for the company. In that year a 60-kilometre road was constructed to Killarney, the first port of call for the steamer. At the same, increased traffic on the Manitoulin Island – Tobermory route (Highway 68) demanded a greater automobile capacity than her sister ships SS Norisle and MS Normac could handle.
In 1963 the ship was refitted with a diesel engine to replace her original steam engine and boiler, to increase automobile capacity. As steam was still required to operate deck winches and the anchor windlass, a vapour steam generator, similar to those used on railway locomotives, was installed on the ship. MS Norgoma made her debut on the Tobermory run in 1964. According to Captain Schrieber, who captained Norgoma, it was the first vessel that he commanded where he witnessed livestock showing signs of seasickness.
In 1974, both Norgoma and Norisle were replaced by the much larger and more modern MS Chi-Cheemaun which could accommodate more vehicles than both sister ships put together. Norgoma was berthed as a museum ship in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. In 1981 the ship was transferred to a charity, the St. Mary's River Marine Heritage Centre.
In early 2019 Sault Ste. Marie City Council put pressure on the charity to move the Norgoma. The charity proposed moving the vessel to a mooring point at Roberta Bondar Park, where the tour boat Chief Shingwauk used to board tourists. However city officials pointed out the Norgoma was too large too moor at this dock, without jutting into the shipping channel, preventing visiting cruise vessels from mooring. On June 4, 2019, the Norgoma was moved to an alternate mooring site, on property previously owned by Algoma Steel, a site not open to the public. In September 2019, citing breach of the 1981 agreement, the City repossessed the ship and put her for sale.
A planned sale of the vessel to Dwor Metal company fell through in January of 2023. The company's owner had planned to renovate the vessel for private use, but the transaction fell through. The vessel remains moored on the former Algoma Steel property as of January 2023.
46°30′30″N 84°20′08″W﻿ / ﻿46.508465°N 84.33569°W﻿ / 46.508465; -84.33569