davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Cooperativa de Producción y Exportación de Cacao Orgánico

La Cooperativa de Producción y Exportación de Cacao Orgánico (en portugués: Cooperativa de Produção e Exportação de Cacau Biológico, abbr. CECAB)​ es una cooperativa de Santo Tomé y Príncipe de 42 asociaciones de pequeños productores que representan a unos 3000 productores de cacao. Es el mayor productor de cacao de Santo Tomé y Príncipe. CECAB vende cacao orgánico a Kaoka, fabricante francés de chocolate de primera calidad.
La producción de cacao en Santo Tomé y Príncipe ha desempeñado históricamente un papel importante en la economía del país.​ Sin embargo, a principios del siglo XXI, la producción había disminuido debido a la falta de inversión y la degradación ambiental.​​
Kaoka, un fabricante de chocolate de lujo con sede en Francia, comenzó a comprar cacao de Santo Tomé y Príncipe en 2001.​ Kaoka alentó a los productores locales a formar una cooperativa para coordinar mejor sus operaciones, y el CECAB se creó en consecuencia el 20 de julio de 2004.​
CECAB produce cacao orgánico de comercio justo y lo vende a Kaoka.​ De 2014 a 2016, el CECAB trabajó con Kaoka, el Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola y el Fondo Mundial para el Medio Ambiente en un programa de renovación de plantaciones de cacao en Santo Tomé. El objetivo era crear ingresos alternativos a la caza, la producción de carbón y la deforestación ilegal en el parque natural Obo. Las organizaciones socias del CECAB elogiaron los resultados del programa.
En mayo de 2018, el presidente de la CECAB, Aureliano Pires, afirmó que las pérdidas de la cooperativa por el robo de cacao habían alcanzado el 40 por ciento de la producción total.​
El 20 de julio de 2022, CECAB inauguró una fábrica de chocolate en la localidad de Guadalupe, en el distrito de Lobata, 12 kilómetros (7,5 mi) al norte de la capital Santo Tomé. Fue la tercera fábrica de chocolate construida en el país y la más grande construida por CECAB.​​ Las obras habían comenzado dos años antes, y el entonces primer ministro de Santo Tomé y Príncipe, Jorge Bom Jesus, colocó la primera piedra el 25 de junio de 2020.​ La fábrica ha costado más de 464 000 euros, repartidos entre el CECAB (124 000 euros) y el Banco Africano de Desarrollo (340 000 euros).​​ Jorge Bom Jesus habló en la ceremonia de inauguración, afirmando que su país estaba tomando un «camino transformador» hacia la «independencia económica» mediante la transición a la exportación de productos terminados además de materias primas.​ También comentó: «Vamos a exportar cacao, vamos a exportar chocolate de alta calidad – chocolate orgánico – y a cambio empezaremos a importar ... tecnologías [y] equipos para que podamos seguir mejorando la excelencia de nuestros servicios».​ A la ceremonia también asistió Francisco Ramos, entonces Ministro de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural del país.​ Se proyecta que en 2023 la fábrica tendrá una producción anual de 10 toneladas de chocolate.​
En 2023, la membresía del CECAB estaba compuesta por alrededor de 3000 agricultores de 42 asociaciones de pequeños productores.​
Morón (plato)

En la cocina de Filipinas, el morón, morón de chocolate o muron es un pastel de arroz similar al suman.​​​ Este postre es nativo de la cocina de Visayas Oriental, Tacloban, Isla de Leyte y Samar Oriental.​ Sin embargo, las demás regiones filipinas poseen versiones propias de este plato.​ Específicamente, el morón es uno de los productos locales de la región de Mambajao, en la isla de Camiguín.​​
Debido a la similitud con el suman, el morón se cocina con arroz glutinoso, leche de coco y azúcar.​ La principal diferencia entre los dos platos es que el morón se acompaña de tabletas de chocolate o mezclado con cacao en polvo. Además de tener una pizca de vainilla, se consume acompañado de café o sikwate, una bebida achocolatada nativa.​
Los principales ingredientes del morón consisten en arroz glutinoso —conocido localmente como malagkit—, arroz común, leche de coco, azúcar, chocolate o cacao en polvo y mantequilla derretida. La cocción del malagkit y el arroz común, ambos ingredientes deben remojarse durante la noche y molerse al día siguiente. El arroz molido se remoja en leche de coco hasta que se ablanda. Después de eso, se añade azúcar y chocolate en polvo. Después de cocinar a fuego lento, se mezcla y cuando posee una consistencia espesa, se reserva en un ambiente frío.​​
Después de cocinar la mezcla, las hojas de plátano se preparan y se cortan para envolver la misma. Se sugiere que haya dos cucharadas de la mezcla de arroz en cada una de las hojas cortadas de plátano. El morón luego es untado con mantequilla derretida. Después de envolver la pieza, esta se cierra con una cuerda. Por último, los envoltorios de morón se cocinan al vapor durante aproximadamente media hora. Después de enfriarse, se puede servir.​​
Por lo general, el morón se vende en paquetes de cuatro piezas que se embalan individualmente. Los turistas de Leyte suelen comprar un morón con un pasalubong, un regalo tradicional para familiares y amigos. En los lugares originarios del morón, generalmente el plato se sirve en festivales, fiestas de cumpleaños y funerales. Los visitantes de los lugares llevan, la mayoría de las veces, el pastel a sus casas. La comida también es un medio de intercambio de buena voluntad en la ciudad de Tacloban y en los municipios vecinos de Palo, Tanauan, Tolosa, Dulag, Mayorga y Abuyog.​
Las agencias gubernamentales de Filipinas suministran y abogan por sus productos alimenticios locales, como el morón. El Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Filipinas realiza ferias para preparar y promover productos similares al morón. El Departamento de Trabajo y Empleo de Filipinas, sin embargo, creó un proyecto en Mambujao que promovió la producción de este plato.​​
Nina Pacari

Nina Pacari Vega Conejo, antes María Estela Vega Conejo (Cotacachi, Imbabura, 9 de octubre de 1961), es una abogada, dirigenta indígena y política ecuatoriana de origen kichwa.
Es la primogénita de ocho hermanos, quien a su vez se encargó de la educación de todos.​ Sus estudios primarios los realizó en la escuela Santísimo Sacramento de Cotacachi, sus estudios secundarios los recibió en el colegio Luis Ulpiano de la Torre el ciclo básico y el diversificado, en el Instituto Alfredo Pérez Guerrero de San Pablo de Lago.​
Fue inscrita como María Estela, pero a la edad de 24 años cambió oficialmente sus nombres castellanos por los kichwas Nina Pacari (del kichwa nina "fuego", "luz", y paqariy "aparecer", "amanecer": "fuego del amanecer").​​
Estudió jurisprudencia en la Universidad Central del Ecuador en Quito, donde obtuvo el título de doctora en jurisprudencia, ahí conoció a otros estudiantes indígenas y ya comenzó a pugnar por los derechos de los indígenas y la defensa de la lengua kichwa.
Nina Pacari colaboró como abogada en la Federación de los pueblos Kichwa de la Sierra Norte del Ecuador (FICI), una organización en Imbabura que ahora es miembro de ECUARUNARI. Después fue abogada de comunidades kichwas en la provincia de Chimborazo.
En 1989 se hizo consejera jurídica de la confederación indígena CONAIE, fundada en 1986. En el levantamiento de 1990 apoyó a comunidades indígenas en Chimborazo y participó en las negociaciones con el gobierno. En 1994 elaboró un proyecto de ley agraria contra el proyecto del presidente Sixto Durán Ballén, que debido a la resistencia de los campesinos no fue realizado.
En 1997 fue representante de la provincia de Chimborazo en la asamblea nacional y colaboró en la elaboración de la nueva constitución. En agosto de 1998 fue elegida al Congreso Nacional del Ecuador como primera mujer indígena, miembro del Movimiento Pachakutik.
En el gobierno de Lucio Gutiérrez en 2003 fue la primera mujer indígena de América Latina en ocupar en ocupar un puesto como ministra de relaciones exteriores, pero dejó el gobierno junto con el ministro de agricultura Luis Macas.
En mayo de 2007 fue elegida jueza del Tribunal Constitucional, hoy Corte Constitucional.​
En 2017 hasta el día de hoy, ofrece sus conocimientos en la primera Escuela Itinerante de Derecho Kichwa del Instituto de Ciencias Indígenas Pacari, en donde pretende enseñar sobre su propio derecho.​
Actualmente, Nina Pacari es docente de la maestría en Derecho Constitucional que se dicta en la Universidad Indoamérica.​
Nina Pacari ha recibido varias distinciones por sus acciones de desarrollo local durante los años noventa en los corregimientos de Guamote y Otavalo, así como en la provincia de Tungurahua. También ha recibido las siguientes condecoraciones y distinciones:​
Lafoensia pacari

Lafoensia pacari o dedalera es una especie de planta de la familia Lythraceae. Es originaria de Brasil y Paraguay. Se encuentra en peligro de extinción por la amenaza para su conservación en la sustitución de la vegetación del cerrado para la producción agrícola.
Son árboles de pequeño a mediano tamaño, que tienen las flores y frutos muy vistosos. El fruto se parece a un dedal, de ahí su nombre.
Se encuentra en el Cerrado en los estados de Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Río de Janeiro, Rondônia, São Paulo y Tocantins. También se encuentra en Paraguay.
Auki Tituaña

Auki Kanaima Tituaña Males (Cotacachi, 2 de enero de 1965), antes Segundo Antonio Tituaña Males, es economista, político y dirigente indígena ecuatoriano de etnia kichwa. Ha sido alcalde de Cotacachi y presidente de la Asociación de Municipalidades del Ecuador.
Nacido en Cotacachi el 2 de enero de 1965 como Segundo Antonio Tituaña Males, cambió sus nombres por los indígenas Auki, que significa energía, y Kanaima, “guerrero reivindicador de los vencidos”.​​​
Los primeros años universitarios los cursó en la Universidad Católica de Ibarra y en la Central de Quito. Entre 1984 y 1990 estudió Economía en Cuba, en las universidades de Camagüey y de La Habana, gracias a una beca del gobierno cubano. Ahí, con un compañero otavaleño, aprendió a hablar quichua.​​​
Está casado desde 1988 con Luz Marina Vega Conejo, hermana de la dirigente política Nina Pacari. Tiene tres hijas: Kuri Pacha (Tiempo de Oro), Allpa Pacari (Tierra del Amanecer) y Katic Nina Yuyaric (Heredera de las Memorias de Fuego).​​
En 1995, junto con otros dirigentes indígenas fundó el movimiento Pachakutik como brazo político de la Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador (Conaie).
En 1996 fue elegido alcalde del municipio de Cotacachi en Imbabura, siendo uno de los primeros alcaldes indígenas en la historia ecuatoriana.​​ Fue reelecto en 2000 y 2004. En las elecciones para la alcaldía de Cotacachi el 26 de abril de 2009 fue derrotado por Alberto Anrango, candidato de PAIS y también kichwa.
Durante su gestión como alcalde de Cotacachi implementó medidas para erradicar el analfabetismo y reducir la brecha digital, así mismo aplicó el sistema de presupuesto participativo en que por medio de asambleas cantonales anuales se transmitía a la alcaldía la información sobre el uso que los ciudadanos preferían se de a los recursos públicos cantonales a la vez que tales asambleas hacían de evaluadores sobre el uso dado al presupuesto del año anterior.​
En 2011 fue candidato a la presidencia de la Conaie como representante de la Federación de Indígenas de la Sierra Norte. Luego de obtener 353 votos fue derrotado por Humberto Cholango con 472 votos.​
En octubre de 2012 fue nombrado candidato a la vicepresidencia del Ecuador como binomio de Guillermo Lasso por el movimiento Creando Oportunidades (CREO).​ Luego de su nombramiento la dirigencia indígena de la Conaie, presidida por Humberto Cholango, expulsó a Auki Tituaña por considerar su alianza con Lasso una traición al indigenismo tradicionalmente filosocialista de la organización.​​​
Tituaña se desafilió de Pachakutik, un día antes de su nombramiento como candidato.​ Tituaña posteriormente renunció a integrar el binomino con Lasso, alegando que la dirigencia de su anterior partido Pachakutik le puso obstáculos legales a su inscripción como candidato vicepresidencial.​​
En mayo de 2019 asumió por cuarta vez la Alcaldía de Cotacachi tras ganar las elecciones en representación del movimiento Concertación.​​​
Resultado de su labor como alcalde el cantón Cotacachi obtuvo tres premios internacionales.​
Pacari Chocolate

Pacari Chocolate is a chocolate company in Quito, Ecuador.
Pacari Chocolate was founded as a family business in 2002 by Santiago Peralta and Carla Barbotó, who own and operate the company. The company name 'Pacari' comes from the Quechua word meaning 'nature'. The chocolate is stated to be dairy, soy, chemical, transgenic and gluten free.
Pacari Chocolate is the first chocolate company to receive a biodynamic certification from Demeter International. Pacari Chocolate products are available in health food and luxury chocolate outlets in the United States, Europe, South America and Malaysia.
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Organic chocolate

Organic chocolate is chocolate which has been certified organic. As of 2016, it was a growing sector in the global chocolate industry. Organic chocolate is a socially desirable product for some consumers. Major brands, such as The Hershey Company, have begun to produce organic chocolate.
Many, if not most, producers of organic chocolate source their ingredients from certified fair trade cocoa farms and cooperatives. Organic chocolate comes in varieties including milk, white, and dark chocolate. Major brands of organic chocolate include Britain-based Green & Black's, Hershey-owned Dagoba Chocolate, and Equal Exchange. Less-known retailers include Taza Chocolate, Pacari Chocolate, and Sacred Chocolate, a brand noted for producing raw chocolate.
The Seattle-based chocolate maker Theo Chocolate was one of the first companies that were "fair-trade certified" and produced organic chocolate. In 2006 when Theo Chocolate began their production of organic chocolate, there were no solid guidelines for chocolate manufacturing at the time and they had to get the process and ingredients in the correct measurements. The main ingredient in chocolate, cocoa is found close to the equator and the majority is grown in West Africa and South America. The organic cocoa, the main ingredient in organic chocolate, is sent to the chocolate factory, where they are thoroughly cleaned and foreign objects are removed. Organic cocoa beans are grown less than non-organic cocoa beans. Beyond the cocoa, other ingredients are also organic.
Theo Chocolate

Theo Chocolate is an American chocolate company headquartered in Seattle, Washington. When it was established in 2006, it was the first organic fair trade-certified cocoa producer in the United States.
Theo has sourced beans from the Congo, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Madagascar, Peru, and Venezuela.
The business was established in 2006 by Jeff Fairhall and Joe Whinney in the Fremont neighborhood of Seattle. The business is located in the historic Fremont Trolley Barn at 3400 Phinney Avenue.
Jeff Fairhall, the founder of Seattle's Essential Baking Company, invested in the establishment of Theo Chocolate with Joe Whinney. When he was in his early 20s, Whinney volunteered with a small conservation foundation in Southern Belize that was looking at the way that communities cultivated their crops. He developed a passion for the Theobroma cacao plant and wanted to get into the business while supporting the farmers, and contacted 10 bean processors. One responded. While providing this business with organic materials and customers, Whinney was able to start saving up to found a chocolate business of his own.
The business struggled to find a good supply of organic cocoa beans and came to a halt in 2002. After finding an interested investor in Seattle, Washington, the decision was made to build the Theo Chocolate factory, named after the Theobroma cacao tree.
From 2004 to 2006 Fairhall sold all of his other business interests, retaining only Theo Chocolate. He published more than 30 advertisements in The Stranger about various religious ideas, revelations, and conspiracy theories. He also mentioned his use of magic mushrooms. Fairhall died of brain cancer in 2007.
In April 2018, Etienne Patout, a former Kellogg's executive, became the company's CEO.
In June 2023, the company announced it would be closing its Seattle based factory and laying off 60 employees in the second half of 2023 as part of a merger with American Licorice Company.
Also in June 2023, a class action lawsuit was filed against Theo Chocolate claiming at least three of its dark chocolate bars contained lead and cadmium.
On Feb, 16 2025, Theo Chocolate's flagship store at 3400 Phinney Ave. N Seattle, WA is permanently closed.
Theo Chocolate sells chocolate bars in six different categories: Classic, Fantasy, Limited Edition, Baking and Holiday. The company also sells caramels and specialty items.
In a 2022 review conducted by independent testing company, Consumer Reports, two dark chocolate bars produced by Theo Chocolate were found to exceed California's maximum allowable dose level (MADL) for lead and cadmium. An ounce of the Theo Organic Pure Dark 70% Cocoa bar was found to include 120% of the maximum allowable dose of lead and 142% of the maximum allowable dose for cadmium. An ounce of the Theo Organic Extra Dark Pure Dark Chocolate 85% Cocoa was found to include 140% of the maximum allowable dose of lead and 189% of the maximum allowable dose for cadmium.
Cengage Learning produced a 6:44-minute BizFlix video case titled "Theo Chocolate", which discusses the firm's fair trade practices and vertical integration.
Vivani

Vivani Organic Chocolate is a brand of chocolate created by EcoFinia GmbH, a subsidiary of Ludwig Weinrich GmbH & Co. KG., based in Herford, Germany. First introduced in 2000 at the international organic food fair, BioFach, Vivani chocolate is predominantly sold in organic supermarkets and shops, where it claims market leadership in organic chocolate bars.
The Vivani range comprises over 20 different types of chocolate bar, many of which have unusual flavours such as "Fine Dark Chocolate with Green Tea and Mango", "Fine Dark Chocolate with Orange" and "White Chocolate with Mango and Coconut". In addition, Vivani manufactures numerous other chocolate products. These include, amongst other things, coatings, smaller, individual chocolate bars, drinking chocolate and chocolate snacks, as well as a chocolate spread. The product range is expanded further by chocolate bars manufactured under license in conjunction with the "Felix" series of children's books, published by Coppenrath.
In the past, various Vivani products have received a Gold Award in the quality control testing of the DLG (Deutsche Landwirtschaftsgesellschaft), the German Agricultural Society. In addition, the "Fine Dark Chocolate with Orange" variety was awarded the "Best of Bio" award in 2005.
A special feature of Vivani products is their elaborate packaging design. The artist, Annette Wessel, from Castrop-Rauxel, creates an abstract painting for the packaging of each variety of chocolate bar. Each painting aims to recreate the essence of the chocolate in visual form.
Vivani claims to be the German market leader for organic chocolate bars and quotes bioVista GmbH, a market data provider for the organic market, as proof of this.
At the beginning of 2010, Vivani introduced the brand iChoc onto the market. iChoc's catchy slogan "It’s Music" and trendy design means that it particularly appeals to teenage customers. The iChoc products are also made purely organically, however, in contrast to the family brand, they are sold in the regular trade, as well as at kiosks and petrol stations.
Vivani organic chocolate consists entirely of organically farmed ingredients, which are strictly controlled by European organic regulations. Furthermore, the cocoa for the chocolate products comes exclusively from small-scale farming cooperatives in Ecuador and the Dominican Republic. In the manufacturing process, Vivani does not use emulsifiers, such as soya lecithin, which are often extracted from genetically modified soya beans. Raw cane sugar is always used as a sweetener.
Vivani chocolates are exported to over 40 countries worldwide. In addition to specialist organic shops, Vivani can also be purchased via various online shops.
52°06′58″N 8°39′28″E﻿ / ﻿52.1161°N 8.6577°E﻿ / 52.1161; 8.6577
Green & Black's

Green & Black's is a British chocolate company founded in 1991. The company produces a range of organic food products, including: chocolate bars, ice cream, biscuits and hot chocolate.
Green & Black's was bought by Cadbury in 2005, and later became part of Mondelēz International (formerly known as Kraft Foods). It has principal manufacturing sites in Canada, Poland, and Italy.
Green & Black's was founded in 1991 by the couple Craig Sams and Josephine Fairley, organic food pioneer and journalist respectively. The name was derived from a wordplay — "Green" standing for the environmental concerns of the founders, and "Black" for the high cocoa solids chocolate they wished to provide. In 1994, the company began purchasing Fairtrade cocoa from Maya farmers in Belize for the Maya Gold chocolate bar, and was awarded the Worldaware Business Award in 1994 for good business practice, as well as the UK's first Fairtrade mark. The company has a small office in Punta Gorda, Belize.
In May 2005, Cadbury Schweppes (latterly Cadbury plc) bought Green & Black's for an undisclosed sum, estimated to be around £20m. Cadbury pledged to run the company as a separate business.
Green & Black's Australia chocolate announced that it would convert 90% of its range to Fairtrade by the end of 2010, and its entire range by 2011. In August 2017 the company launched its first product line, the Velvet Edition, which is neither Fair Trade nor Organic.
In a 2022 review conducted by independent testing company, Consumer Reports, Green & Black's Organic Dark Chocolate 70% Cacao bar was found to exceed California's maximum allowable dose level (MADL) for lead and cadmium. An ounce of the dark chocolate bar was found to include 143% of the minimal allowable dose of lead and 181% of the minimum allowable dose for cadmium.
Green & Black's has operations around the world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and other nations.
Green & Black's sells chocolate bars in the United States. They are sold in stores such as Whole Foods Market and Walgreens. They have various chocolate bars, in various flavors such as "Dark 85% Cacao" and "White". All are Fairtrade Certified.
On 15 October 2012 Mondelēz Global LLC conducted voluntary U.S. recall of Green & Black's organic peanut and sea salt milk chocolate bar due to possible health risk.
Organic Cocoa Production and Export Cooperative

The Organic Cocoa Production and Export Cooperative (Portuguese: Cooperativa de Produção e Exportação de Cacau Biológico, abbr. CECAB) is a São Toméan cooperative of 42 smallholders' associations representing around 3,000 cocoa farmers. It is the largest cocoa producer in São Tomé and Príncipe. CECAB sells organic cocoa to Kaoka, a premium French chocolate manufacturer.
Cocoa production in São Tomé and Príncipe has historically played a major role in the country's economy. However, by the turn of the 21st century, production had declined due to a lack of investment and environmental degradation.
Kaoka, a luxury chocolate manufacturer based in France, began buying cocoa from São Tomé and Príncipe in 2001. Kaoka encouraged local producers to form a cooperative to better coordinate their operations, and CECAB was consequently established on 20 July 2004.
CECAB produces organic, fair trade cocoa and sells it to Kaoka. From 2014 to 2016, CECAB worked with Kaoka, the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the Global Environment Facility on a program to renovate cocoa plantations in São Tomé. The goal was to create alternative incomes to hunting, coal production, and illegal deforestation in Obô Natural Park. The partner organisations of CECAB praised the program's outcomes.
Cocoa theft from plantations has negatively affected the quantity and quality of CECAB's cocoa exports. CECAB President Aureliano Pires stated in May 2018 that the cooperative's losses from cocoa theft had reached 40 per cent of total production.
On 20 July 2022, CECAB opened a chocolate factory in the town of Guadalupe, in Lobata District, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the capital São Tomé. It was the third chocolate factory built in the country and the largest built by CECAB. Construction had begun two years earlier, with then São Toméan Prime Minister Jorge Bom Jesus laying down the first stone on 25 June 2020. The factory cost over 464,000 euros, split between CECAB (124,000 euros) and the African Development Bank (340,000 euros). Jorge Bom Jesus spoke at the inauguration ceremony, stating that his country was taking a "transformative path" towards "economic independence" by transitioning to the export of finished goods in addition to raw materials. He also commented: "We will export cocoa, we will export high quality chocolate – organic chocolate – and in return we will start to import ... technologies [and] equipment so that we may continue to improve the excellence of our services". Francisco Ramos, the country's then Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, also attended the ceremony. In 2023, the factory was projected to have an annual output of 10 tonnes of chocolate.
In 2023, CECAB's membership consisted of around 3,000 farmers from 42 smallholders' associations.
0°23′26″N 6°37′46″E﻿ / ﻿0.39056°N 6.62944°E﻿ / 0.39056; 6.62944
Café Britt

Café Britt is a Costa Rican company that produces and markets gourmet coffee, chocolate and other products. They create and sponsor coffee-related tourism and education in Costa Rica. Products are sold in retailers, online, in Britt Café • Bakery locations, and in Grupo Arribada-owned Morpho Travel Experience. The company currently employs around 400 people. Its coffee-roasting and chocolate-making operations are based in Costa Rica and Peru.
North American coffee broker Steve Aronson founded the company in 1985 to market roasted Costa Rican coffees to the domestic market. It was the first gourmet coffee roaster in the country; since at that time, most high-quality coffee was exported to foreign markets. Aronson decided to promote the idea that good quality should also be consumed locally. The name Britt is a tribute to Scandinavian countries, which are some of the largest consumers of coffee; Britt was chosen through a contest to pick a name.
The company expanded its operations with the introduction of chocolates in 2000, as well as opening its first store at Juan Santamaría Airport in 2001. In 2003 it added further stores at various hotels popular with tourists in Costa Rica. In 2005 new stores were opened in Perú, the Caribbean, and Chile. In 2009, after a successful transition, Philippe Aronson replaced his father and assumed the role of president.
In 2017, Grupo Arribada split into two different companies: Morpho Travel Experience and Café Britt. This allowed the company to focus on producing and commercializing gourmet products, operating cafés, and running the Britt Coffee Tour. Philippe Aronson is the CEO of Café Britt.
Café Britt produces and sells gourmet products, with a focus on coffee and chocolate. Product lines includes Café Britt, Britt Chocolates, and Britt Cookies. The company offers capsules for espresso machines under the brand Britt Espresso, as well as related espresso machines.
In 2017, Café Britt opened the first location of its eponymous café, Britt Café & Bakery.
In 1991, Café Britt founded Costa Rica's first coffee tour, the "Britt Coffee Tour," as a play staged in its own coffee plantation. Currently the tour offers an interactive journey through the coffee production cycle. Some 50,000 people take the Britt Coffee Tour each year, and more than half a million people have taken it since its founding. In addition to the general tour, technically oriented versions of the tour have been developed for visiting coffee experts or serious amateurs.
Café Britt is one of the companies that has the seal of the essential COSTA RICA country brand.
Café Britt has sold certified organic coffee since 1991. Currently, the company produces more than 200,000 bags of organic coffee a year, 80% of which is sold in Costa Rica.
The production of Café Britt coffee and chocolate in Costa Rica has been certified Carbon Neutral since 2013.
Nina Pacari

Nina Pacari (Kichwa nina "fire", paqariy "to appear, dawn"), born as María Estela Vega Conejo (born 9 October 1961 in Cotacachi, Imbabura) is a Kichwa politician, lawyer and indigenous leader from Ecuador.
Nina Pacari studied jurisprudence at the Central University of Ecuador in Quito, where she got to know other indigenous students and began to fight for indigenous rights and the defense of the Kichwa language. At the age of 24, she changed her Spanish name officially to the Kichwa Nina Pacari.
Nina Pacari worked as a lawyer for the Federación de los pueblos Kichwa de la Sierra Norte del Ecuador (FICI), an organization in Imbabura which is now a member of ECUARUNARI. After that, she supported Kichwa communities as a lawyer in the Chimborazo Province.
In 1989, she became a legal adviser of the indigenous confederation CONAIE, founded in 1986. In the uprising of 1990 she supported indigenous communities in Chimborazo and participated in the negotiations with the government. In 1994, she worked out an alternative draft against the draft law of president Sixto Durán Ballén, which was not realized due to the peasants' resistance.
In 1997, she was the representative of Chimborazo in the National Assembly and collaborated in the elaboration of the new constitution. In August 1998, she was the first indigenous woman to be elected to the Ecuadorian parliament, as a member of the newly established Pachakutik movement.
In 2003, she became the foreign minister in the government of Lucio Gutiérrez, but soon after she resigned together with the agriculture minister Luis Macas because of the neoliberal policy of Gutiérrez.
In May 2007, she was elected judge of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador.
"The Political Participation of Indigenous Women in the Ecuadorian Congress: Unfinished Business"lInternational IDEA, 2002, Women in Parliament, Stockholm (http://www.idea.int).
An Ríocht Aontaithe i gComórtas Amhránaíochta na hEoraifíse

Ghlac An Ríocht Aontaithe páirt i gComórtas Amhránaíochta na hEoraifíse don chéad uair sa bhliain 1957.
Seo iad na ceithre thír déag ba mhó a thug pointí sa teileavóta don Ríocht Aontaithe i mbabhtaí ceannais idir 2016, nuair a cuireadh an córas vótála reatha i bhfeidhm, agus 2024:
Leis sin, seo iad an dá thír déag ba mhó gur thug a ngiúiréithe pointí don Ríocht Aontaithe le linn na tréimhse céanna:
Sandie Jones

B'amhránaí Éireannach í Sandie Jones a rugadh i gCromghlinn i mBaile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 1951. Rinne sí ionadaíocht ar son na hÉireann i gComórtas Amhránaíochta na hEoraifíse sa bhliain 1972 leis an amhrán Ceol an ghrá.
Cailleadh í tar éis galar fada ar 19 Meán Fómhair 2019, agus í faoi chúram ospíse sna Stáit Aontaithe.
Molly Bracken

Ealaíontóir, dealbhóir agus múinteoir ealaíne Éireannach ab ea Mary Johannah "Molly" Bracken (3 Feabhra 1908 - Samhain 1991). Rugadh i gCluain Meala í, an dara leanbh de sheachtar páistí.
Bhí sí ina múinteoir sa Scoil Náisiúnta i gCluain Meala á reáchtáil ag na Siúracha na Carthannachta le blianta fada. Bhí Gaeilge líofa aici agus grá mór aici don teanga.
Sing, Little Birdie

"Sing, Little Birdie" is a song recorded by husband-and-wife duo Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson with music composed by Stan Butcher and English lyrics written by Syd Cordell. It represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1959 held in Cannes, placing second. It was the first British Eurovision entrant to be recorded, reaching number 12 in the UK singles chart.
"Sing, Little Birdie" was composed by Stan Butcher with English lyrics by Syd Cordell.
On 2 March 1959, Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson performed "Sing, Little Birdie" in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest British Final, the national preliminary round organized by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) to select its song and performer for the 4th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. On 5 March 1959, the duo also performed in the second semi-final with the song "That's It, That's Love", making them the only act to ever perform two songs in the same multi-artist formatted British Eurovision pre-selection round; the duo also being double-entered in the British national preliminary round for the 1960 contest. Polly Brown would perform two contending songs in the British pre-selection round for the 1976 contest but as distinct acts: herself and as a member of Sweet Dreams.
"Sing, Little Birdie" was one of six songs to advance to the national final held on 7 March 1959, at the close of which "Sing, Little Birdie" was announced as the British entrant for Eurovision; the semi-final and final results for the British Finals of 1959 were determined by seven regional panels each comprising fourteen members.
On 11 March 1959, the Eurovision Song Contest was held at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès in Cannes hosted by Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (RTF) and broadcast live throughout the continent. Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson performed "Sing, Little Birdie" tenth in a field of eleven entrants. Eric Robinson conducted the event's live orchestra in the performance of the British entry.
At the close of voting, the song finished in second place, bettered by the Netherlands' entrant "Een beetje" by Teddy Scholten.
Having failed to participate in the inaugural edition due to missing the entry deadline, the BBC had made a disappointing Eurovision debut in 1957 with "All" by Patricia Bredin, finishing seventh in a field of ten: no recording had been made of "All" and the BBC had not participated in 1958 contest. The second place showing of "Sing, Little Birdie" at the 1959 contest was the first evidence of the United Kingdom being a potent force at Eurovision: four subsequent British Eurovision entrants would take second place at the contest finals before it would score its first Eurovision victory in 1967 with "Puppet on a String" by Sandie Shaw.
The song was mentioned in the Monty Python's Flying Circus sketch "World Forum/Communist Quiz" in 1970 as having won the 1959 contest as the correct answer by Mao Zedong when it actually finished second.
L'Oiseau et l'Enfant

"L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" (French pronunciation: [lwazo e lɑ̃fɑ̃]; "The Bird and the Child") is a song recording by French singer Marie Myriam with music composed by Jean-Paul Cara and French lyrics written by Joe Gracy [fr]. It represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 held in London, resulting in the country's last win to date at the contest.
"L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" was composed by Jean-Paul Cara with French lyrics by Joe Gracy [fr] and was recorded by Marie Myriam. She recorded the song in five languages; French, English –as "The Bird and the Child"–, German –"Der Vogel und das Mädchen" with lyrics by Joe Gracy and H. von Schenckendorf–, Spanish –"El zagal y el ave azul"–, and her mother tongue Portuguese –"A ave e a infância"–.
Between 20 February–6 March 1977, "L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" performed by Marie Myriam competed in the national final that Télévision Française 1 (TF1) organized to select its song and performer for the 22nd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. The song won the competition so it became the French entry –and Myriam the performer– for Eurovision.
A promo video was released showing Myriam performing the song in an open-air atmosphere, in a section of the Square René Viviani in Paris. This preview video is notable for the prominent presence of the gendarmes having to restrain the crowd, some of whom having climbed the noted "oldest tree in Paris" to catch a glimpse of the singer. On the contest night, she performed in a floor-length orange gown while her five backup singers were clad in black.
On 7 May 1977, the Eurovision Song Contest was held at the Wembley Conference Centre in London hosted by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and broadcast live throughout the continent. Myriam performed "L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" eighteenth and last in the evening, following Belgium's "A Million in One, Two, Three" by Dream Express. Raymond Donnez conducted the event's live orchestra in the performance of the French entry.
At the close of voting, it had received 136 points, coming first in a field of eighteen, and winning the contest. It was succeeded as French representative at the 1978 contest by "Il y aura toujours des violons" by Joël Prévost.
Myriam performed her song in the Eurovision twenty-fifth anniversary show Songs of Europe held on 22 August 1981 in Mysen.
In 2016, the UNICEF project Kids United covered the song in their second album Tout le bonheur du monde. The song also appeared on SNEP singles charts in August 2016. A cover of the song was used in an advertisement for IKEA in Canada in 2021.
Ich komme

"Ich komme" (German: [ˈɪç ˈkɔmə]; transl. "I'm coming") is a song by Finnish singer Erika Vikman, and was written and produced by Christel Roosberg and Jori Roosberg [fi] (Roos+Berg). The song was released through Warner Music Finland and Mökkitie Records on 16 January 2025 and will represent Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025. It reached number two on the Finnish Singles Chart.
Finland's broadcaster Yleisradio Oy (Yle) organized Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2025, a seven-entry competition broadcast on 8 February 2025. Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2025 comprised a singular grand final to select its entrant for the Eurovision Song Contest 2025, set to take place at St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland. The 2025 editions were the 14th iteration of the former and the 69th edition of the latter. Vikman was announced to competed in Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2025 on 8 January 2025, while her music video was released on 17 January. The winner of the final was selected by a 75/25 combination vote of televoting and juries and became "Ich komme".
"Ich komme" was written and produced by Christel Roosberg and Jori Roosberg [fi] (Roos+Berg). and combines Finnish disco and electronic music. The lyrics reflect "the joyous message of pleasure, ecstasy and a state of trance" and its structure reflects sexual pleasure and reaching orgasm. It was one of two songs in the contest to be about ejaculating, the other being "Milkshake Man" by Australia's Go-Jo, and was described by PinkNews as one of "several" to be "laden thick with double entendre" including Miriana Conte's "Kant", which had to be reworked to eschew the phrase "serving cunt".
To promote "Ich komme" before the Eurovision Song Contest 2025, Vikman announced her intent to participate in various Eurovision pre-parties. It was first announced that she will be performing at the London Eurovision Party 2025 on 13 April 2025 to be held at Here at Outernet. Further, Vikman performed at Eurovision in Concert 2025 held at AFAS Live Arena in Amsterdam on 5 April 2025. She also confirmed to be participating at PrePartyES 2025 on 19 April 2025 to be held at Sala La Riviera [es] in Madrid.
In addition, Vikman is conducting a promotional tour for her participation in the contest, having done press events in Sweden in March and Italy in April. She also performed the song on the Dutch television show Eva [nl] the day after her promotion in Italy.
The Eurovision Song Contest 2025 is set to consist of two semi-finals held on 13 and 15 May and a final broadcast on 17 May 2025. During the allocation draw held on 28 January 2025, Finland was drawn to compete in the second semi-final, performing in the second half of the show. During a joint Instagram Live in March with Conte, Vikman stated that the European Broadcasting Union felt her performance carried too many sexual connotations and that she expected to have to tone it down.
Eyerusalem Jiregna

Eyerusalem Jiregna (born 1993) is an Ethiopian photographer. She is based in Addis Ababa and focuses on women doing non traditionally female jobs. She is known for her photos of the local women of Harar.
Jiregna attended university in the United States where she took a course on photography. She worked as a photojournalist when she returned to Ethiopia and started her own photography business. She also trained as a fashion designer. As a result, her work often focuses on fabric. Jiregna wants to portray Ethiopia as it is to the rest of the world. She has exhibited in Addis Fine Art Gallery.
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography

The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of feature photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence or an album.
The Feature Photography prize was inaugurated in 1968 when the single Pulitzer Prize for Photography was replaced by the Feature prize and "Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography", renamed for "Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography" in 2000.
One Feature Photography Pulitzer has been awarded annually from 1968, with the exception of 1985, when two prizes were awarded.
Will Burrard-Lucas

Will Burrard-Lucas (born 2 September 1983), is a British wildlife photographer and entrepreneur. He is known for developing devices, such as BeetleCam and camera traps, which enable him to capture close-up photographs of wildlife.
Burrard-Lucas was born in the UK and spent part of his childhood living in Tanzania. During this time he became interested in wildlife and nature. He attended Sevenoaks School in Kent before going on to study Physics at Imperial College London.
Burrard-Lucas has been a full-time wildlife photographer since 2010. Previously, he worked for a Big Four accounting firm in London.
Burrard-Lucas works with various conservation NGOs including WWF, African Parks and The Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme.
In 2009, Burrard-Lucas created BeetleCam, a remote-control camera buggy, and used it to take close-up photographs of elephants, lions and buffalo in Tanzania. In 2011, he returned to Africa to photograph lions in Kenya. He has since used BeetleCam to photograph wildlife in other African countries, including leopards in Zambia and African wild dogs in Zimbabwe. In 2015, Burrard-Lucas used BeetleCam to photograph wildlife at night in Liuwa Plain National Park in Zambia. This series went on to win the Professional Natural World Category in the Sony World Photography Awards.
While living in Zambia in 2012–2013, Burrard-Lucas also developed high-quality camera traps for photographing rare and nocturnal animals. These camera traps were based on a passive infrared sensor and took photos using a standard DSLR or mirrorless camera. In 2015, his work with camera traps led to a collaboration with WWF to photograph elusive animals in Namibia.
In 2014, Burrard-Lucas founded a company, Camtraptions Ltd, which produces BeetleCams and camera trap systems for photographers and filmmakers.
In July 2019, Burrard-Lucas announced his intentions to take two new versions of BeetleCam back to the African continent in search of lions for a new project.
In 2011, Burrard-Lucas collaborated with Rebecca Jackrel, a nature photographer from the USA, to document endangered Ethiopian wolves in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. The project was funded via a successful Kickstarter campaign which raised $13,705. The photographers spent more than a month documenting the lives of the wolves and the work of the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme. The project culminated in a book titled The Ethiopian Wolf: Hope at the Edge of Extinction.
In August 2017, Burrard-Lucas started working with Tsavo Trust in Kenya to photograph the last "Big Tusker" elephants in Tsavo. During the project, Burrard-Lucas used his BeetleCam to photograph F_MU1, a female elephant with extremely long tusks. The project resulted in a book, titled Land of Giants, which was published in 2019.
In February 2019, Burrard-Lucas captured the first high-quality camera trap photographs of a melanistic African leopard, also known as a black panther, in Laikipia Wilderness Camp in Kenya. Previously, only one such leopard had been photographed in Africa, in 1909 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The project resulted in a book, titled The Black Leopard, published in 2021.
Corn schnitzel

Corn schnitzel (Hebrew: שניצל תירס) is an Israeli fried corn dish and variant of Israeli schnitzel that is especially popular among vegetarians, vegans, Kashrut keepers and children.
Corn schnitzel was invented by Israelis in the early 20th century. The popularity of corn rose as corn schnitzel became an inexpensive substitute for chicken schnitzel in Israel during the 20th century due to the country's populace enduring economic difficulties and the relative low cost of corn compared to the chicken, turkey and fish used in regular Israeli schnitzel. Corn schnitzel became a popular dish prepared at home and a mainstay of Israel's restaurant menus. When economic conditions in Israel began to improve later in the 20th century, corn schnitzel became popular with the large number of vegetarians and vegans in the country, as for a time it was one of the few vegetarian options on most restaurant menus. Beginning in the 1970s commercially produced premade corn schnitzel began to be sold in frozen form by Osem, Ta'amti and others, and many vegetarians purchased these frozen versions of the dish as it was an easy to prepare and inexpensive option. As vegetarianism and veganism have increased in popularity in Israel over the last few decades, corn schnitzel's popularity has waned in favor of falafel as well as various newer meat substitutes. Today corn schnitzel has become especially popular with children, and is a mainstay of children's menus across the country, and is commonly served as a public school lunch and by parents at home due to its perception as a "healthy" alternative to chicken schnitzel as it is made with corn instead of chicken.
Corn schnitzel consists of frozen, canned, or other cooked corn that has been puréed in a food processor and mixed with egg, flour, breadcrumbs, and various spices and seasonings to form a stiff batter. The batter is then scooped and formed into disks or oval-shaped, then it is breaded with a mixture of breadcrumbs and sesame seeds and fried. It is often served with ketchup and a side of French fries or mashed potatoes, especially by children in Israel among whom the dish is popular.
Гръцка овчарка

Гръцката овчарка е овчарска порода кучета, произхождаща от северната част на Гърция за охрана и пасене на огромните стада овце. Това огромно куче може само да се справя с вълци, поради което е много популярна сред местните пастири.
В последните години се отделя много внимание както на развъждането на чистокръвни гръцки овчарки, така и на кръстосването ѝ с други овчарски кучета от Балканите, като каракачанско куче и хърватско планинско куче.
Гръцката овчарка е изключително работно куче – трудолюбива и непретенциозна. Сражава се успешно и решително с различни хищници – вълци, мечки и дори хора.
Гръцката овчарка е много привързана към стопанина си, поради което е много послушна. Трябва ѝ настойчиво строго възпитание. В отношенията „стопанин-куче“ стопанинът трянва да доминира и да доказва, че е лидерът.
Това овчарско куче е подозрително и недоверчиво към непознати и нейното безразлично спокойствие пред тях е измамно – гръцката овчарка е винаги нащрек и готова за атака, а вкрайни ситуации може да стане неуправляема и агресивна.
Такива кучета трябва да се приучат рано към пълно възпитание, защото иначе няма начин стопаните да се справят с тях. Трябва кученцето да се социализира възможна най-рано и да не се ограничава в отношенията му с животни и хора.
Гръцката овчарка напълно не отговаря на условията за куче, което може да се гледа в апартамент. Тя се чувства комфортно само ако се намира под открито небе и не се страхува от никакви метеорологични явления, като дъжд и студ, и от нападения на хищници – от всички тези неща е защитена с рунтавата си козина.
Това куче не се нуждае от здравни грижи, тъй като е изключително здрава порода и има имунитет към почти всички болести.