davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
O'Donnell & Tuomey

O'Donnell + Tuomey is an architectural practice based in Dublin, Ireland, described by the authors of Architects Today as one of "the godfathers of contemporary Irish architecture". O'Donnell and Tuomey were the recipients of the 2015 Royal Gold Medal, awarded by the RIBA.
The practice was established in 1988 by Sheila O'Donnell and John Tuomey, who had both previously worked for Stirling Wilford in London. The pair formed part of Group 91 Architects, the masterplanners for the regeneration of Dublin's Temple Bar district in the early 1990s. Both directors teach at University College Dublin and have lectured at schools of architecture in Europe, the UK and US, including Harvard Graduate School of Design, Princeton University, Cambridge University and the AA Architectural Association School of Architecture. In 2010 they were elected Honorary Fellows of the American Institute of Architects. In 2013 the practice received the ICON Architecture Practice of the Year Award.
When asked about their work on the occasion of their Royal Gold Medal ceremony, Tuomey stated: "I fundamentally think that [we believe architecture is] to give shape to everyday routines of society, or to make a society out of those everyday routines. To have a building feel like it's part of the fabric of social life is second nature to us."
The practice's Irish Film Centre and Gallery of Photography projects each won the Downes Medal in 1992 and 1996 respectively. They went on to design a number of other notable buildings, including the Lewis Glucksman Gallery at University College Cork, the Irish installation at the Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2004, and the Ranelagh Multidenominational School, which won the RIAI Triennial Gold Medal in 2000. Five of their projects were shortlisted for the Stirling Prize: the Ranelagh School in 1999, Lewis Glucksman Gallery in 2005, the Lyric Theatre in Belfast in 2011, An Gaeláras Irish Language Centre in 2012, and London School of Economics' Saw Swee Hock Centre in 2014. Their current projects include the V&A East Museum (a branch of London's Victoria and Albert Museum) and Sadler's Wells East Theatre, both located in Stratford.
De Blacam & Meagher

de Blacam & Meagher is an Irish architectural firm formed in 1976. The firm is known for its use of natural materials especially wood. In the book Architects Today De Blacam & Meagher and O'Donnell & Tuomey are referred to as "the godfathers of contemporary Irish architecture."
After training in University College Dublin and University of Pennsylvania, Shane de Blacam (born 1945) worked for Chamberlain Powell & Bon on the Barbican Centre in London and for Louis Khan in Philadelphia. John Meagher (born 1947), Astudied at Technological University Dublin and for a year at Helsinki School of Architecture in 1971, and also worked early in his career in the United States for Venturi Scott Brown.
De Blacam & Meagher were the principal exhibitors in the Irish Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 2010. The historian Roy Foster, particularly referring to the firm's work in Dublin wrote in the exhibition catalogue of their commission's "masterly introduction of light, the texture of appropriate materials (brick, hardwood, pre-patinated copper) a use of space and volume at once imaginative and respectful of their surroundings."
The practice has won a number of awards. The Chapel of Reconciliation at the Catholic shrine at Knock, Ireland (1990) was the first Irish finalist in the Mies van der Rohe award for European architecture. The Beckett Theatre at Trinity College, Dublin won the Architectural Association of Ireland's Downes Bronze Medal in 1993. De Blacam was presented with the Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (RIAI) in 2003 by the President of Ireland Mary McAleese for a library and information technology extension at Cork Institute of Technology (opened 1996). Another project of the practice, the renovation of the Abbeyleix Library in Leinster won the RIAI Best Conservation/Restoration Project Award in 2009.
Sin-é

Sin-é (/ʃɪˈneɪ/; from the Irish phrase sin é meaning "that's it") was a music venue in East Village, Manhattan. It helped launch the careers of several noted musicians in the early 1990s.
The original Sin-é, located at 122 St. Mark's Place in Manhattan's East Village, was a small café that served food, coffee, and Rolling Rock beer. It was opened by the Irish immigrant Shane Doyle in 1989. The early days saw a number of poetry readings and acoustic sessions. One group that began to attract a wider audience on Saturday nights was the Clumsy Cabaret, a late-night gathering that drew musicians (including many of New York's anti-folk scene) after gigs. Acoustic music sessions took place in a spontaneous and creative atmosphere. Patrons included emerging writers, photographers, artists, designers and musicians. Later, as a more established venue, performers played for tips.
Seasoned performers such as Sinéad O'Connor, Jeff Buckley, Lana Del Rey (as Lizzy Grant), October Project, Marianne Faithfull, Shane MacGowan, Hothouse Flowers, the Waterboys, Allen Ginsberg, Susan McKeown, Star Drooker and the band Native Tongue also appeared at Sin-é, giving impromptu performances. The stage was an area where tables were cleared away against a wall.
The informal atmosphere and regular audience were instrumental in creating a fertile musical scene that flourished until Sin-é closed in 1996. Jeff Buckley's first release was the EP Live at Sin-é (1993).
In 2000, Doyle opened a 380-capacity version of Sin-é on North Eighth Street just off of Bedford Avenue in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Due to problems with the city and complaints by nearby residents, the club closed after only a few months.
Located at 150 Attorney Street, at the corner of Stanton Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, the last Sin-é was named "Best New Venue" in NY Magazine's "Best of New York" issue of March 2003. On its first birthday, Sin-é was awarded "Best Place to See a Local Band's First Gig" by NY Magazine (March 2004) for helping nurture acts such as the Seconds and the Secret Machines.
In 2004, the adjoining Sin-e Bar opened by Doyle and two others. The venue and bar closed on April 2, 2007, reportedly due to the area's gentrification.
Scenic design

Scenic design, also known as stage design or set design, is the creation of scenery for theatrical productions including plays and musicals. The term can also be applied to film and television productions, where it may be referred to as production design. Scenic designers create sets and scenery to support the overall artistic goals of the production. Scenic design is an aspect of scenography, which includes theatrical set design as well as light and sound.
The origins of scenic design may be found in the outdoor amphitheaters of ancient Greece, when acts were staged using basic props and scenery. Because of improvements in stage equipment and drawing perspectives throughout the Renaissance, more complex and realistic sets could be created for scenic design. Scenic design evolved in conjunction with technological and theatrical improvements over the 19th and 20th centuries.
Scenic design involves several key elements:
A scenic designer works with the theatre director and other members of the creative team to establish a visual concept for the production and to design the stage environment. They are responsible for developing a complete set of design drawings that include:
In planning, scenic designers often make multiple scale models and renderings. Models are often made before final drawings are completed for construction. These precise drawings help the scenic designer effectively communicate with other production staff, especially the technical director, production manager, charge scenic artist, and prop master.
In Europe and Australia, many scenic designers are also responsible for costume design, lighting design and sound design. They are commonly referred to as theatre designers, scenographers, or production designers.
Scenic design often involves skills such as carpentry, architecture, textual analysis, and budgeting.
Many modern scenic designers use 3D CAD models to produce design drawings that used to be done by hand.
Some notable scenic designers include: Adolphe Appia, Boris Aronson, Alexandre Benois, Alison Chitty, Antony McDonald, Barry Kay, Caspar Neher, Cyro Del Nero, Aleksandra Ekster, David Gallo, Edward Gordon Craig, Es Devlin, Ezio Frigerio, Christopher Gibbs, Franco Zeffirelli, George Tsypin, Howard Bay, Inigo Jones, Jean-Pierre Ponnelle, Jo Mielziner, John Lee Beatty, Josef Svoboda, Ken Adam, Léon Bakst, Luciano Damiani, Maria Björnson, Ming Cho Lee, Philip James de Loutherbourg, Natalia Goncharova, Nathan Altman, Nicholas Georgiadis, Oliver Smith, Ralph Koltai, Emanuele Luzzati, Neil Patel, Robert Wilson, Russell Patterson, Brian Sidney Bembridge, Santo Loquasto, Sean Kenny, Todd Rosenthal, Robin Wagner, Tony Walton, Louis Daguerre, Ralph Funicello, and Roger Kirk.
Grand Theatre of Rabat

The Grand Theatre of Rabat (French: Grand Théâtre de Rabat; Arabic: المسرح الكبير للرباط, lit. 'The Great Theatre of Rabat') is a large performing arts center in Rabat, the capital city of Morocco. The building is designed by Zaha Hadid and her architectural firm Zaha Hadid Architects. The building is among the last projects designed by Zaha Hadid before her death in 2016.
Planning began for the project in 2010 and construction officially started on October 7, 2014. Completion of the project was scheduled for late 2019, but was completed in 2021. The theatre was inaugurated on October 29, 2024.
The construction of the theatre is part of a wider national initiative by King Mohammed VI to promote the arts and cultural development. The Grand Theatre is planned to be one of the centerpieces of a new 110-hectare mixed-use district on the shores of the Bou Regreg River, including malls, residential areas, a national archive, a new archaeological museum, and a business district with skyscrapers on the Salé side of the river.
The curving design of the structure is inspired by both the nearby river's winding course and by the aesthetics of Arabic calligraphy. Other elements take their cues from Islamic architecture. The building includes an 1800-seat interior theatre and a 7000-seat open-air amphitheatre.
34°01′32.9″N 6°48′54.7″W﻿ / ﻿34.025806°N 6.815194°W﻿ / 34.025806; -6.815194
Dean Norris

Dean Joseph Norris (born April 8, 1963) is an American actor. He is known for playing Hank Schrader on the AMC series Breaking Bad (2008–2013), James "Big Jim" Rennie on the CBS series Under the Dome (2013–2015), and Clay "Uncle Daddy" Husser on the TNT series Claws (2017–2022). Throughout his career, he has amassed over 154 credits across film and television.
Norris has appeared in films such as Lethal Weapon 2 (1989), Hard to Kill (1990), Total Recall (1990), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), The Firm (1993), Starship Troopers (1997), The Cell (2000), Little Miss Sunshine (2006), Evan Almighty (2007), Sons of Liberty (2015), The Book of Henry (2017), Death Wish (2018), Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark (2019) and Carry On (2024).
Dean Joseph Norris was born in South Bend, Indiana, in a family of Hungarian descent; his grandfather lived in Tiszadob. He graduated from Clay High School in 1981, where he was the class valedictorian. While in high school, he was a member of the award-winning student-produced comedy show Beyond Our Control, which ran on WNDU-TV. He is a 1985 graduate of Harvard College, where he studied the interdisciplinary concentration of Social Studies and was a member of Hasty Pudding Theatricals. He also earned a diploma from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1987.
Norris starred in Tremors: The Series and the film Without Limits. He has had guest spots in other television series including NYPD Blue, The X-Files, The West Wing, and Lost, and has appeared in films including Gattaca and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He played Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agent Hank Schrader on Breaking Bad from the show's premiere in 2008 to its final season in 2013. Norris' performance on Breaking Bad has received critical acclaim.
Norris also starred in the CBS series Under the Dome. He plays selectman James "Big Jim" Rennie, the only town council member in the area which is cut off from the rest of the United States. As of June 2017, he plays mob boss Clay "Uncle Daddy" Husser in the TNT series Claws.
In 2020, Norris reprised the role of Agent Hank Schrader on-screen in the Breaking Bad prequel Better Call Saul during the show's fifth season.
Norris was cast in a lead role for the CBS sitcom United States of Al.
Norris and his wife, Bridget, a former entertainment attorney, live with their five children in Temecula, California. In 2018, the couple opened the Norris Performing Arts Center in Murrieta.
Norris is a fan of his hometown team the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.
In 2019, he helped launch Schraderbräu, Hank Schrader's in-universe home-brewed craft beer, as an official product.
In 2022, Dean and Bridget Norris purchased The Swing Inn Cafe, a long-standing restaurant in Old Town, Temecula, for $6 million.
Norris is a committed member of the Democratic Party and has publicly denounced and criticized US President Donald Trump. He is known to have attended the 2016 and 2024 Democratic National Conventions.
Investors Bank Performing Arts Center

The Investors Bank Performing Arts Center is a 2,400-seat theater located in Washington Township, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States, that is one of South Jersey's major entertainment venues.
Completed in 1998, the 2,400-seat Center was originally designed as the auditorium for Washington Township High School, built to hold the school's 2,000 student body. During the planning stages of the facility, officials decided that the auditorium should host large scale productions in an effort to bring local and regional entertainment to the area.
Now known as the Investors Bank Arts Center, the center originally opened its doors on September 1, 1998, with a production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King & I.
Before being known as the Investors Bank Arts Center, it was the TD Bank Arts Center, the Commerce Bank Arts Centre, and originally the Washington Township High School's Center for the Performing Arts (CPA) when it opened in 1998. In 1999, Chesapeake Concerts Inc. had to terminate their contract in September via a 60-day escape clause due to the death of its CEO, who died in August. In 2000, the Board of Education hired Township resident Rebecca Marie Keith as the center's manager/grant writer." Keith was dividing her time between writing grants to bring revenues to the center, and also scheduling the performances. In 2004, with a five-year, $300,000 investment, Commerce Bank was looking to capitalize on the school district's performing arts venue. Commerce Bank chairman and president presented Superintendent Thomas Flemming with a $55,000 check after announcing the new name of the CPA, which thereafter became the Commerce Bank Arts Centre. By taking the new name and the $300,000 investment scheduled over the next five years, it would be providing three arts-related scholarships each year, a summer theater program, upgrade in the lighting and sound, and co-sponsor additional events at the center.
In 2015, the name was changed to the Investors Bank Performing Arts Center. It is currently named the Republic Bank Performing Arts Center.
Crew for performances at the center is provided by the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees Local 8.
39°44′43″N 75°04′41″W﻿ / ﻿39.745276°N 75.078056°W﻿ / 39.745276; -75.078056
DeBartolo Performing Arts Center

The Marie P. DeBartolo Performing Arts Center (DPAC) is a performing arts venue located on the south end of the University of Notre Dame campus and open to the South Bend, Indiana, and wider community. The 150,000 square foot facility, which opened in September 2004, was financed in large part by a gift from Edward J. DeBartolo Sr., and the building was named in honor of his wife. The current executive director of the facility is Ted Barron. In addition to performance spaces, the building also contains offices, teaching spaces, and production facilities for Notre Dame's Department of Film, Television, and Theatre, as well as for the Department of Music, the Department of Sacred Music, and the Shakespeare at Notre Dame program.
Those who have performed at DPAC include Wynton Marsalis, Itzhak Perlman, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, the New York Philharmonic, Dave Brubeck, Kronos Quartet, The Chieftains, Leslie Odom Jr., Renée Elise Goldsberry, Todd Rundgren, Third Coast Percussion, and L.A. Theatre Works. The Fischoff National Chamber Music Competition, which is the largest and oldest continuous chamber music competition in the United States, is held annually at DPAC.
Adjacent to the Michael Browning Family Cinema, visitors will find a plaque dedicating the popcorn popper within the building's concession stand to Pawnee Indiana's famous miniature horse Li'l Sebastian, who earned an honorary degree from Notre Dame. The plaque features a photo of Li'l Sebastian and the University of Notre Dame seal, and it reads: "The DeBartolo Performing Arts Center hereby declares this The Li'l Sebastian Memorial Popcorn Popper. A life and legacy of delighting crowds from Pawnee to Buckingham Palace to Kuwait will be honored forever by delighting crowds at the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center with buttery, freshly popped popcorn. Animalus, legenda, amicus, equus Pawnee, perfectum."
41°41′40.9″N 86°14′12.5″W﻿ / ﻿41.694694°N 86.236806°W﻿ / 41.694694; -86.236806
& (theatre)

& (until 2023 Espoo City Theatre) is a professional theatre operating in Espoo, Finland. It is maintained by the Espoo City Theatre Foundation, established in 1988. Since 2017, the theatre has been led by Erik Söderblom.
The theatre mounts its own productions and hosts 2–4 international guest performances annually. It offers subtitles through its own mobile application. An English translation is always available, and some performances also have Finnish subtitles. The theatre attracts around 30,000 visitors annually.
The theatre has two main performance venues: Louhisali and Revontulihalli, both located in the Tapiola district – Louhisali in the Espoo Cultural Centre and Revontulihalli on Revontulentie.
In August 2023, the theatre announced its new name as "&". Artistic director Erik Söderblom described it as a "positive provocation" that highlights "community, cooperation, and togetherness." According to the theatre, the sign "&" symbolises combining things and ideas as well as bringing performers, audiences and cultures together. And also the sign "&" is pronounced as "et", which can also be interpreted as the initials of "Espoon teatteri", meaning the Espoo theatre.
The new name is the result of a two-year branding process, involving theatre representatives and advertising agencies Open Flower, TBWA, and Great Apes. Ulla Onkamo, a language planning specialist from the Institute for the Languages of Finland, criticized the name change as unclear and impractical. She argued that & says nothing about its subject and doesn't even appear to be a name. The Finnish Association of Visual Communication Designers, Grafia, awarded the &-logo the Gold Peak of Design at the 2023 Vuoden huiput gala. A total of 14 works received the Gold Peak Award, and 40 works received the Silver Peak Award.
M.O.D. Technologies

M.O.D. Technologies is an independent record label based in New York City and intended to be the modern evolution of producer and bassist Bill Laswell's Axiom label. It was founded in 2010 by Laswell and RareNoiseRecords founder Giacomo Bruzzo, in part to provide a creative outlet for the group Method of Defiance, which began as a loose collective of musicians and had at that point coalesced to include Dr. Israel, Garrison Hawk, Toshinori Kondo, Bernie Worrell and DJ Krush among its members. The first incarnation of the group debuted at the 2007 Synch Festival in Athens, Greece.
In a February 2012 interview with PopMatters, Laswell mentioned the possibility of reissuing the Axiom catalog through M.O.D. The label is home to recording projects by Method of Defiance, Praxis, Lee "Scratch" Perry and Gigi, as well as remixes by Scientist, Prefuse 73, and Mad Professor.
After a brief period of reorganization at the end of 2012, the label has re-emerged with plans to release a number of albums and digital tracks. The tail end of 2012 saw the release of "Ertale" by young and upcoming Ethiopian rockers Jano as well as Bill Laswell's re-imagining of music for the film "Koyaanisqatsi", entitled "Tuwaqachi: The Fourth World". This later release was released only in digital format (as part of the main label, the digital only sub-label not having been established yet) and has and will continue to be performed only in a live setting to (a re-edited version) of the movie in a live setting approved by the director. Though physical output has slowed, the main label still remains active as of 2016.
In mid-2014, a digital only sub-label was created called "MOD Technologies Digital: The Incunabula Series", the intent of which is to "...present rare and unique, one time only captured events, in some cases originally experienced by a fortunate few and recover unusual, lost until now studio recordings. Documenting as far back as the early 80s up to present time. Moments seldom heard or experienced by anyone.". To date (mid-2016), the digital only arm has had more than 30 releases, including archival material from Praxis, Bill Laswell/DJ Krush and Laswell/Bernie Worrell/Karsh Kale as well as new, live performances from Method of Defiance and duos consisting of Laswell & Milford Graves and Laswell and Wadada Leo Smith.
Bill Laswell discography

This article presents the complete oeuvre of American bassist, composer and music producer Bill Laswell, including his work as a band member and collaborating artist. Laswell has an expansive and eclectic discography and has been involved in hundreds of recordings with many artists from across the world. Laswell's music is influenced by a plethora of musical genres, such as funk, world music, jazz, drum and bass, dub and ambient music. Starting in 1978, Laswell has built a reputation as an accomplished bass player and composer. He has also had a prolific career as a music producer and sound engineer, overseeing the recording process of diverse musical acts such as Sly and Robbie, Afrika Bambaataa, Bernie Worrell, Blind Idiot God, Henry Threadgill and Buckethead.
General
Notes
Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts

The Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts were erupted during the Oligocene. They cover an area of about 600,000 km in Yemen and Ethiopia, with an estimated volume of greater than 350,000 km. They are associated with the Afar Plume and the initiation of rifting in the southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
In Ethiopia flood basalts cover an old erosion surface with occasional flat areas or peneplains. Burial of old surfaces by lava has preserved laterite soils in both Yemen and Ethiopia.
The lavas of the Ethiopia-Yemen CFB show systematic variations in composition both vertically and laterally. Most of the lavas are basalts, but those closest to the Afar Triangle being very high titanium transitional basalts and picrites, passing outwards into high-Ti tholeiitic basalts and finally into low-Ti tholeiitic basalts. The sequence is also an example of bimodal volcanism and the uppermost part typically contains significant amounts of rhyolitic lavas.
Páras

Is é Páras (Fraincis: Paris) príomhchathair na Fraince agus í ar an gcathair is mó sa Fhrainc. Tá sé suite cois Séine i dtuaisceart na Fraince i lár an réigiúin darb ainm “Île de France” (tugtar “Réigiún Pháras” air chomh maith; Fraincis: Région parisienne). Tá 2.153.600 duine ina gcónaí taobh istigh de theorainn na cathrach (daonáireamh 2005) agus tá 11.769.433 duine ina gcónaí i mórcheantar uirbeach Pháras (aire urbaine). Mar sin, tá Páras ar ceann de na mórcheantair uirbeacha san Eoraip.
Bhí Páras ina áit lonnaithe thábhachtach le dhá mhílaois anuas agus sa lá atá inniu ann tá sé ar cheann de na príomhionaid maidir le cúrsaí gnó agus cultúrtha ar domhan. Tá tionchar aige ó thaobh chúrsaí polaitíochta, oideachais, siamsaíochta, meán, faisin, eolaíochta agus ealaíon de agus cuireann an méid seo lena stádas mar cheann de na príomhchathair dhomhanda ar domhan.
Is é Páras ceann de na cinn scríbe turasóireachta is coitinne sa domhan. Téann breis is 45 milliún turasóir gach bliain go dtí Réigiún Pháras. Tá roinnt sainchomharthaí tíre íocónacha sa chathair mar aon le hinstitiúidí aithnidiúla agus páirceanna coiteanna.
Tagann an t-ainm "Paris" ó ainm a áitritheoirí, treibh Ghallach darb ainm "Parisii". Tugadh "Lutetia" (nó Lutetia Parisiorum, "Lutetia na bParisii" san iomlán) ar an gcathair le linn fhorghabháil na Rómhánach sa chéad aois go dtí an séú haois. Ach le linn réimeas Julian an Fealsamh (360-363) athainmníodh an chathair mar "Paris".
Measann daoine eile go dtagann ainm na treibhe Parisii ón bhfocal Gaillise parisio, a chiallaíonn "an lucht oibre" nó "na ceardaithe". Ó thús na fichiú haoise, tugtar Paname, focal béarlagair as Fraincis, ar Pháras chomh maith.
Tá a lán leasainmneacha ag Páras, ach is é "La Ville-Lumière" an leasainm is coitinne. Aistrítear é seo mar "Cathair an tSolais" de ghnáth. Tagann an leasainm seo ó chlú na cathrach i rith Ré na hEagnaíochta mar lárionad oideachais, agus níos déanaí mar gheall ar shoilsiú sráide a glacadh go luath sa chathair.
Tá Páras roinnte i gceantair éagsúla. I measc na gceann is cáiliúla, tá:
Páras, Prionsa Traíoch

Is pearsa bainte le miotaseolaíocht na Gréige é Páras. Is mac an Rí Priam agus and Banríon Hecuba a bhí ann, dár leis an miotas. Tá sé lárnach i gCogadh na Traoi agus an Iliad.
Is é a bhí a chúis leis an cogadh nuair a thóg sé leis ón Ghréig (Sparta) Héilin, bean chéile Meinealás (Prionsa Mícéinéach agus Rí Sparta), ar ais go dtí an Traí. Is í Héilin deirfiúr chéile Agaiméamnón, a bhí mar rí ar Mhicéine, chomh maith.
Dár leis an miotas, is é (le cabhair ón dé Apollo) a mharaigh laoch na Gréige, Aichill, le saighead nimhneach a scaoileadh ó ballaí na Traí i dtreo deireadh Cogadh na Traoi. Ag an gcath céanna rinne sé iarracht an fathach Ajax mór (Telamonian Ajax sa Bhéarla nó Αἴας ὁ Τελαμώνιος sa Ghréigís) a mharú freisin, ach theip ar.
Is é Philoctetes a mharaigh Páras i gCogadh na Traoi.
Níl aon baint aige leis an gcathair Fhrancach, Páras, a dtagann as an treibh an Ghaill, an Parisii.
Tuile Mhór Pháras

Bhuail tuile mhór Páras i mí Eanaír 1910. Sceith an tSéin thar a bruacha, ó 18 Eanáir 1910 ar aghaidh. Bhain an tuile a mbuaicphointe amach ar 28 Eanáir. Bhí an tSéin 8.62m níos airde ná mar a bhí de ghnáth.
B'é an geimhreadh is fliche é ó tosaíodh ar chuntas a choinneáil.
Bhí cuid den chathair, agus na bruachbhailte, ar bhruach na Séine faoi uisce ar feadh dhá mhí, ó 18 Eanáir go dtí tús mhí Aibreáin.
Thóg innealltóirí rialtais droichid adhmaid timpeall na cathrach agus d'úsáid Párasaigh báid le taisteal timpeall na Séine. Aslonnaíodh daoine chuig scoileanna, eaglais agus foirgnimh rialtais agus thug na póilíní agus an t-arm cabhair do na daoine.
Dúnadh cuid den Mheitreo.
Idir Márta agus Aibreán, d'fhill an tSéin ar ais ag an ngnáthleibhéal. Bhí an abhainn truaillithe go dona. Bhí an tSéin ó rath ag séarachas ar feadh cúpla mí.
Ní bhfuair duine ar bith bás.
Bhí timpeall 22,000 foirgneamh báite. Bhí costas timpeall €1.6 billiún (airgead an lae inniu) ar deisiú sa chathair.
Úsáideann Parásaigh dealbh saighdiúir ag droichead Alma le leibhéal an uisce a sheiceáil. I 1910 shroich an t-uisce gualainní an tsaighdiúra.
Común Pháras

Ba rialtas radacach sóisialach agus réabhlóideach é Común Pháras, a rialaigh Páras ón 18ú Márta go dtí an 28 Bealtaine 1871. Ní raibh an comhlacht tofa i gceannas ar Pháras ach ar feadh dhá mhí. Thit an tóin as faoi dheireadh agus troid sráide fhuilteach ar siúl. Scriosadh roinnt mhór den chathair ag lámhach airtléire. Cuireadh gialla is cimí chun báis go hachomair.
D’fhág an Réabhlóid Thionsclaíoch gur scoilteadh sochaí na Fraince. Tháinig meánaicme shaibhir nua chun cinn ar a dtugtaí an bourgeoisie. Ach lena hais sin, bhí bochtaineacht agus cruatan ann go forleathan i measc an ghnáthphobail.
Nuair a rug an Phrúis bua ar an tír sa Chogadh Franc-Phrúiseach sa bhliain 1870 thapaigh na hoibrithe an deis chun rialtas réabhlóideach, nó Común, a eagrú chun troid ar son cearta sóisialta.
I ndiaidh bhriseadh na hImpire Napoleon III, i mí Mheán Fómhair 1870, thit Dara Impireacht na Fraince go tapa. Ina hionad, d'éirigh an Tríú Phoblacht chun chogadh a fhógairt ar an Phrúis, a chur Páras faoi léigear brúidiúil, ar feadh cheithre mhí.
Tharraing an cogadh idir léigear agus ghorta ar chathair Pháras. De réir a chéile, bhí doicheall agus míshástacht na n-oibrithe ag dul i méid in imeacht na blianta.
Bhí príomhchathair na Fraince á chosaint go príomha, ní ag an Arm rialta na Fraince, ach ag trúpaí an Gharda Náisiúnta, a bhí ar an eite chlé. I mí Feabhra na bliana 1871, shínigh Adolphe Thiers, uachtarán na Fraince, sos cogaidh leis an Phrúis.
Thosaigh an Común ar 18 Márta 1871. Mharaigh an Gharda Náisiúnta dhá ghinearál de chuid an Airm ar na lá sin. Bhris réabhlóid amach agus chuaigh fir óga amach ar shráideanna chathair Pháras agus thóg siad baracáidí.
Ar an 28 Márta, tháinig Común Pháras le chéile mar chomhlacht tofa den chéad uair.
Diúltaigh an comúin glacadh le údarás an rialtais. Thosaigh Arm na Fraince ag cur lucht an chomúin faoi chois, ó 21 Bealtaine 1871 amach, "La semaine sanglante" nó "An tSeachtain fhuilteach". Níor mhair an troid i bhfad agus brúdh an réabhlóid faoi chois, gan taise gan trócaire.
Bhí an-tionchar ag na hathchóirithe sóisialta agus polaitiúla a rinneadh le linn an Commune ar ainrialaithe, sóisialaithe agus ina dhiaidh sin cumannaithe, agus iad ag iad ag machnamh ar na ceachtanna a d'fhéadfaí a tharraingt faoi nádúr an stáit, an dlí agus an údaráis pholaitiúil i sochaí iar-réabhlóideach.
Bhí tionchar suntasach ag na ndíospóireachtaí faoi na beartais agus toradh an chomúin ar smaointe Karl Marx, a rinne cur síos air mar shampla de "dheachtóireacht na prólatáireachta".
Reilig Montparnasse

Mic léinn a bhaist an t-ainm Mont Parnasse (Sliabh Pharnassus) ar an gcomharsanacht seo i bPáras na Fraince mar gheall ar gurbh ann a thagaidis le chéile chun filíocht a aithris.
Tógadh an 'Boulevard Montparnasse' le linn na Réabhlóide agus bhíodh an-chuid hallaí damhsa agus amharclanna ann.
Ba é an ceantar seo croílár an tsaoil ealaíonta i bPáras i dtús an fichiú haois agus ba ann a thagadh leithéidí Picasso, Modigliani, Soutine, Zadkine, Apolinaire, Max Jacob, Hemingway, Fargue, Breton, Cocteau, Henry Miller agus mórán scríbhneoirí, scannánóirí, péintéirí agus fiú lucht réabhlóide (Lenin, Leon Trotscaí) le chéile. Tá an áit lán de phictiúrlanna agus bialanna i gcónaí agus is breá an áit spaisteoireachta é de ló agus d'oíche.
Tá Reilig Montparnasse ar nós faiche, agus is ann atá daoine fíorcháiliúla ar nós Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Baudelaire, Maupassant, an Captaen Alfred Dreyfus, Eugene Ionesco, Samuel Beckett, Serge Gainsbourg, agus Jacques Chirac curtha.
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Jules Dumont d'Urville

Ba thaiscéalaí Francach é Seach-Aimiréal Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (23 Bealtaine 1790, Condé-sur-Noireau – 8 Bealtaine 1842, Meudon), a thaiscéal an tAigéan Ciúin deisceartach, an Astráil, an Nua-Shéalainn agus Antartaice.
B'é d'Urville a tháinig ar an Venus de Milo le linn a thaiscéaladh go dtí na hOileáin Gréagacha sa bhliain 1820. Tá an dealbh le feiceáil inniu san Louvre i bPáras. Sheol sé timpeall an domhain i 1822 faoi cheannas an Chaptaein Louis Isidore Duperrey, agus bhailigh sé a lán plandaí agus ainmhithe a thóg sé abhaile leis.
Sa bhliain 1826 chuaigh sé go dtí an tAigéan Ciúin, agus scrúdaigh sé Nua-Ghuine, an Nua-Shéalainn agus roinnt oileáin eile atá sa réigúin seo agus ar a dtugtar an Aigéine sa lá atá inniu ann. B'eisean a chum na téarmaí an Mhicrinéis agus an Mheilinéis i rith an turais sin. Chuaigh sé ar thuras go dtí Antartaice sa bhliain 1837, agus thug sé an t-ainm Cósta Adélie ar réigiún atá ansin, tar éis a bhean chéile. D'fhill d'Urville abhaile sa bhliain 1840, agus rinneadh seach-aimiréal de.
Cailleadh d'Urville agus a bhean chéile i dtimpiste iarnróid i Meudon na Fraince sa bhliain 1842. Tá sé curtha i Cimetière du Montparnasse, reilig i bPáras. Is measc na háiteanna a ainmníodh tar éis d'Urville tá an Mhuir d'Urville agus Oileán d'Urville san Antartaice, agus Cape d'Urville, Irian Jaya (san Indinéis, ar an oileán Nua-Ghuine), agus tOileán D'Urville sa Nua-Shéalainn.
Colette Ní Ghallchóir

Rugadh an file agus múinteoir Colette Ní Ghallchóir ar an gCruach Ghorm i nDún na nGall agus an Ghaeilge mar theanga dhúchais aici.
Tá céim Baitsiléir Oideachais agus Dioplóma san Oideachas Feabhais aici, in éineacht le Baitsiléir Ealaíona sa Ghaeilge agus i Litríocht na Gaeilge.
Tá dánta léi le fáil in Writing Home agus in The Field Day Anthology of Irish Women’s Poetry. Bhí sí páirteach i dTuras na mBard in Albain agus in obair Institiúid Chultúrtha na hIodáile sa tSicil. Foilsíodh dánta léi ar irisí liteartha na hÉireann.
Tá dhá chnuasach filíochta foilsithe aici (ceann le haistriúcháin) agus foilsíodh dánta léi i nduanaire.
Patricia Forde

Is scríbhneoir do pháistí í Patricia Forde (a rugadh sa bhliain 1960). Ceapadh í mar Laureate na nÓg 2023-2026.
Dátheangach ó aois an-óg, d'fhás Forde suas i nGaillimh. Chuaigh sí isteach sa Taibhdhearc agus í deich mbliana d’aois mar aisteoir. Stiúraigh sí drámaí ansin níos déanaí.
Is céimí de chuid Ollscoil na Gaillimhe í Forde. D'éirigh sí ina múinteoir bunscoile in 1981. Chaith sí tréimhse ina Stiúrthóir ar Fhéile Idirnáisiúnta Ealaíon na Gaillimhe go luath sna 1990idí. Chomhbhunaigh sí Féile Idirnáisiúnta Ealaíon Babaró do Leanaí na Gaillimhe in 1996 agus is duine de bhaill tosaigh Macnas í.
Scríobhann Patricia Forde do gach aoisghrúpa i nGaeilge agus i mBéarla. ​ Foilsíodh a chéad úrscéal do léitheoirí níos sine, The Wordsmith, in 2014 le hardmholadh faighte aige ó léirmheastóirí. Bhain sé White Raven Award ó International Youth Library, tá sé ina Notable Book for Children ag an gCumann Leabharlann Meiriceánach sna Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé ar an ngearrliosta do Ghradaim Leabhar na Bliana de chuid Leabhair Pháistí Éireann in Éirinn (Gradaim Leabhair Pháistí Éireann KPMG anois).
In 2019, roghnaíodh a leabhar Bumpfizzle the Best on Planet Earth mar Citywide Read UNESCO Bhaile Átha Cliath 2019.​ In 2020 d'fhoilsigh sí leabhar pictiúr i mBéarla agus i nGaeilge faoi Hy-Brasil (To the Island/An tOileán Thiar) ​le Little Island Books a coimisiúnaíodh chun ainmniú Chathair na Gaillimhe mar Chathair Chultúir 2020 a cheiliúradh, agus a tugadh saor in aisce do leanaí ar fud na Gaillimhe.​
In 2023, fógraíodh Patricia Forde mar an seachtú duine a ceapadh mar Laureate na nÓg – Laureate Litríochta Leanaí na hÉireann.
Bhronn Ollscoil na Gaillimhe Céim Dochtúra (oinigh) ar Forde in 2023.
Is iarchathaoirleach i Forde ar Leabhair Pháistí Éireann.
Naoise Dolan

Is úrscéalaí Éireannach í Naoise Dolan. Scríobh sí an leabhar iomráiteach Exciting Times.
Is as Baile Átha Cliath di, ach chaith sí tréimhse ina cónaí i Hong Cong, san Iodáil, i Singeapór agus i Sasana chomh maith. Bhain sí céim Béarla amach ó Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 2016 agus thuill sí máistreacht i litríocht Victeoiriach ó Ollscoil Oxford.
Bram Stoker

Scríbhneoir Éireannach ab ea Abraham Stoker, (8 Samhain, 1847 - 20 Aibreán, 1912), nó Bram Stoker, mar a thugtar air de ghnáth. Scríobh sé úrscéalta agus gearrscéalta don chuid is mó, agus is é an t-úrscéal úd Dracula an leabhar is cáiliúla a tháinig óna pheann.
Lena lá féin, áfach, bhí níos mó clú air mar amharclannaí, nó bhí sé ina chúntóir phearsanta don aisteoir Shasanach Henry Irving agus ina úinéir agus ina bhainisteoir ar an amharclann úd Lyceum Theatre i Londain.
Rugadh Stoker i mBaile Átha Cliath sa bhliain 1847. Ba iad a thuismitheoirí ná sean-Abraham Stoker ó Bhaile Átha Cliath agus an feiminí Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley, arbh as Béal Átha Seanaidh i gCo. Dhún na nGall di, agus a d'fhás suas i Sligeach.
D’fhás Bram Stoker suas ag 15 Corrán Marino, Cluain Tarbh. Bhí tinneas ina leannán ar Bhram Stoker nuair a bhí sé óg, agus é ag coimeád na leapa an chuid ba mhó den am. Chuaigh a chéad óige go mór mór i gcion ar Stoker, rud a bhí le haithint ar a chuid saothair níos déanaí. Fuair sé biseach ón tinneas de réir a chéile, agus ina fhear fásta dó, bhí sé ina dhuine sách sláintiúil. Thosaigh sé an imirt sacair san ollscoil (Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath), agus rinne sé staidéar ar an stair, ar an litríocht agus ar an matamaitic. Tar éis tamaill, chuaigh sé sa státseirbhís, ach ní raibh mórán suime aige sa chineál sin oibre. Mar sin, chuaigh sé le hiriseoireacht agus fuair sé post leis an nuachtán The Evening Mail.
Sa bhliain 1878, phós Stoker Florence Balcome, cailín a bhí ina banchara ag Oscar Wilde roimhe sin. Chuaigh siad go Londain. Thosaigh Stoker ag obair ina bhainisteoir ar an Lyceum Theatre sa bhliain 1879, áit a raibh a chara Henry Irving ag aisteoireacht. Bhí an cairdeas seo an-tábhachtach d'Irving, agus chuidigh Irving leis aithne a fháil ar mhaithe agus ar mhóruaisle na príomhchathrach. Nuair a rugadh mac do Stoker agus a bhean sa bhliain 1879, bhaist siad Irving Noel Thornley Stoker air.
Bhí Stoker ag obair ina chúntóir phearsanta d'Irving, agus é ag tionlacan an aisteora timpeall an domhain. Bhí sé an-mhór le hIrving, agus é á adhradh, fiú. Barrúil go leor níor tháinig sé go hOirthear na hEorpa riamh, cé gurbh ansin a shuigh sé cuid d'imeachtaí an úrscéil is clúití dár chum sé.
Ón taobh eile de, ar a chamchuairt dó in éineacht leis an aisteoir, fuair Stoker áiméar cuairt a thabhairt ar na Stáit Aontaithe, agus d'fháiltigh beirt Uachtarán, Theodore Roosevelt agus William McKinley, an t-aisteoir agus an cúntóir chucu sa Teach Bán. Bhí Stoker an-doirte do na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí laochra Meiriceánacha i gcuid de na húrscéalta a scríobh sé.
Chaith Stoker cuid mhaith ama freisin ina chónaí i Whitby in iarthuaisceart Shasana. Thug sé cuairt ar Whitby don chéad uair i 1890. Lonnaigh sé cuid mhór d'imeachtaí a úrscéil mhóir Dracula sa bhaile seo. Foilsíodh an leabhar sa bhliain 1897.
Fuair Bram Stoker bás i Londain sa bhliain 1912. Bhí sé faoi bhrú oibre ag an am agus bhí gallbholgach air; b'fhéidir gur bhuail stróc é.
David Ireland (playwright)

David Ireland (born 1976) is a Northern Irish-born playwright and actor, known for his award-winning plays Cyprus Avenue and Ulster American.
Ireland was born in Sandy Row, Belfast, but grew up in Ballybeen, Dundonald, County Down. His father was a heavy drinker.
Ireland attended Brooklands Primary School. He then attended the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, before receiving training at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama.
In 2009, Ireland's What The Animals Say was produced by Òran Mór in Glasgow. In 2010, Everything Between Us, first produced by Solas Nua and Tinderbox Theatre Company, was performed in Belfast, Scotland, and Washington, D.C. It won the Stewart Parker Trust BBC Radio Drama Award, and the Meyer-Whitworth Award for Best New Play.
In 2016, Ireland's Cyprus Avenue premiered at the Royal Court Theatre. It was awarded the 2017 Irish Times Theatre Award for Best New Play, and the 2017 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Drama. The play then transferred to The Public Theater, New York City, the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, and the Metropolitan Arts Centre, Belfast. It returned to the Royal Court in February 2019 for a four-week run, and had its Australian debut in May 2019 at Sydney's Old Fitzroy Theatre. The Abbey Theatre performance with Stephen Rea was ranked by The Guardian writers as the 27th best theatre show since 2000.
In 2018, Ireland's satirical dark comedy Ulster American was performed by Traverse Theatre as part of their Edinburgh Festival Fringe season. It was awarded the Carol Tambor Best of Edinburgh Award for that year. In 2019, it was nominated for Best Female Performance, Best New Play, Best Production, and Best Male Performance at the Critics' Awards for Theatre in Scotland, winning the first three. It had its London debut at Riverside Studios in 2023 in a production starring Woody Harrelson, Andy Serkis and Louisa Harland.
Ireland had played the role of the character Claire’s father in 2018's Derry Girls. He wrote the upcoming 2023 Sky Atlantic series The Lovers.
Ireland met his wife Jennifer while he was acting in Glasgow, where they now live with their children Ada and Elijah.
Ursula Rani Sarma

Ursula Rani Sarma is an Irish playwright and screenwriter.
Sarma grew up in County Clare, Ireland. Her father is of Indian descent, while her mother is Irish. She attended University College Cork for her undergraduate degree. She is now based in London.
She began directing and writing plays while a student at University College Cork. Sarma has been a writer in residence at Paines Plough. Addiontinally, Sarma has written television, contributing episodes to RAW, Red Rock, Delicious and most recently, the crime drama Smother.
John B. Keane

John Brendan Keane (21 July 1928 – 30 May 2002) was an Irish playwright, novelist and essayist from Listowel, County Kerry.
A son of a national school teacher, William B. Keane, and his wife Hannah (née Purtill), Keane was educated at Listowel National School and then at St Michael's College, Listowel. He worked as a chemist's assistant for A. H. Jones who dabbled in buying antiques. Keane had various jobs in the UK between 1951 and 1955 working as a street cleaner, and a bar man, living in a variety of places including Northampton and London. It was while he was in Northampton that Keane was first published in an unnamed women's magazine for which he received £15.
After returning to Ireland from the United Kingdom, he became a pub owner in Listowel from 1955.
He married Mary O'Connor at Knocknagoshel Church on 5 January 1955 and had four children: Billy, Conor, John and Joanna.
He was an Honorary Life Member of the Royal Dublin Society from 1991, served as president of Irish PEN and was a founder member of the Society of Irish Playwrights as well as a member of Aosdána. Keane was named the patron of the Listowel Players after the Listowel Drama Group fractured. He remained a prominent member of the Fine Gael party throughout his life, never being shy of political debate.
His nephew is the investigative journalist Fergal Keane. His son John is a journalist with the Kilkenny People while his son, Billy regularly writes a column for the Irish Independent.
Keane cited many literary influences including Bryan MacMahon and George Fitzmaurice, fellow Kerry writers and playwrights.
His personal influences were numerous but, most notably he thanked his father and his wife, Mary. Keane was grateful for his father's help with early editing, for allowing him access to his personal library, and for encouraging him to continue his work until he was successful.
He was also influenced by the local population and the patrons of his pub, on whom he based some of his characters.
Montmartre Cemetery

The Cemetery of Montmartre (French: Cimetière de Montmartre) is a cemetery in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, France, that dates to the early 19th century. Officially known as the Cimetière du Nord, it is the third largest necropolis in Paris, after the Père Lachaise Cemetery and the Montparnasse Cemetery.
In the mid-18th century, overcrowding in the cemeteries of Paris had created numerous problems, from impossibly high funeral costs to unsanitary living conditions in the surrounding neighborhoods. In the 1780s, the Cimetière des Innocents was officially closed and citizens were banned from burying corpses within the city limits of Paris. During the early 19th century, new cemeteries were constructed outside the precincts of the capital: Montmartre in the north, Père Lachaise Cemetery in the east, Passy Cemetery in the west and Montparnasse Cemetery in the south.
The Montmartre Cemetery was opened on 1 January 1825. It was initially known as le Cimetière des Grandes Carrières (Cemetery of the Large Quarries). The name referenced the cemetery's unique location, in an abandoned gypsum quarry. The quarry had previously been used during the French Revolution as a mass grave. It was built below street level, in the hollow of an abandoned gypsum quarry located west of the Butte near the beginning of Rue Caulaincourt in Place de Clichy. As is still the case today, its sole entrance was constructed on Avenue Rachel under Rue Caulaincourt.
A popular tourist destination, Montmartre Cemetery is the final resting place of many famous artists who lived and worked in the Montmartre area. See the full list of notable interments below.
48°53′16″N 2°19′49″E﻿ / ﻿48.88778°N 2.33028°E﻿ / 48.88778; 2.33028
Cyril Holland

Cyril Holland (born Cyril Wilde, 5 June 1885 – 9 May 1915) was the older of the two sons of Oscar Wilde and Constance Lloyd and brother to Vyvyan Holland.
According to his brother Vyvyan Holland's accounts in his autobiography, Son of Oscar Wilde (1954), Oscar was a devoted and loving father to his two sons. Their childhood was a relatively happy one. However, after Wilde's well-publicized trials in Britain, conviction in 1895, and imprisonment for gross indecency, their mother Constance took their children to Europe.
She began using the surname Holland for both the boys and herself in order to protect them from public scrutiny. She relocated with the boys to Switzerland and enrolled them at Neuenheim College, an English-speaking boarding school in Heidelberg, Germany. Oscar Wilde died in 1900; neither of his sons saw him again after he went to prison. When he was released, he went to France and never lived in the UK again.
From 1899 to 1903 Cyril attended Radley College, a private school then in Berkshire. After ending school, he became a gentleman cadet at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
Holland was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant, Royal Field Artillery, on 20 December 1905. He was promoted to lieutenant on 20 December 1908 and served in the United Kingdom for nearly three years. He was posted to India, where he served from September 1911 until 1914 with No. 9 Ammunition Column, RFA at Secunderabad. He was promoted to captain on 30 October 1914.
When the First World War began, Captain Holland was posted to British forces on the Continent. He participated in the battle for Neuve-Chapelle, where he was killed in France by a German sniper on 9 May 1915, during the Battle of Festubert. His grave is maintained by the War Graves Commission in St Vaast Post Military Cemetery, Richebourg-l'Avoué, France.
Rissani

31°17′09″N 4°16′30″W﻿ / ﻿31.285948°N 4.275093°W﻿ / 31.285948; -4.275093
Rissani (Arabic: الريصاني) is a town in Errachidia Province in eastern Morocco, located near Erfoud. It is the closest town of significant size to the Erg Chebbi, the largest sand desert in Morocco. Its population in 2004 was 20,469.
The mausoleum of Moulay Ali Cherif, third great-grandfather of Moulay Cherif, founder of the Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco, is located on the southern edge of town.
Rissani is the ancient capital of Tafilalet. Its location as a crossroads between north and south gave the city a certain importance in previous times.
A former major caravan center, Rissani remains a major commercial center in the region, with a large souk, particularly lively on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays. It is noted for its leather and goat skin trading.
In the 14th century, when a nearby city of Sijilmassa was destroyed, Rissani became a main city of trans-Saharan trade. It is assumed that Jews settled in Rissani to participate in the caravan trade, similar to other cities in Morocco. There is a Jewish cemetery in Rissani, which was renovated as a part of King Mohammed VI's project to restore Jewish cemeteries across Morocco. The famous Moroccan Jewish spiritual figure, the Baba Sali, was born in Rissani. David Abouhatzeira, brother of the Babi Sali and the chief rabbi of Nahariyah was born in Rissani and was buried in its Jewish cemetery.