davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Orquesta popular

Una orquesta popular, también conocida como orquesta de baile​ o de verbenas,​ es un tipo de orquesta que interpreta canciones conocidas de música popular, generalmente que estén de moda un determinado momento o que sean grandes éxitos pasados.​
A diferencia de la conformación clásica de una orquesta, estas agrupaciones incluyen -en su forma moderna- instrumentos como sintetizadores, batería, guitarra, bajo, trompeta, saxofón y percusión variada, además de cantantes y bailarines. Suelen actuar al aire libre en fiestas de pueblo o de barrio, y su repertorio se compone mayormente de música de baile, de géneros como el pop, música latina, rock o jazz.​
Las orquestas de baile gozaron de gran popularidad por toda Europa y América en la primera mitad del siglo XX. La música grabada y los equipos electrónicos de sonido las fueron remplazando en muchos locales de baile a partir de los años 50 y 60, pero han seguido existiendo hasta hoy en día en una actividad vinculada especialmente a las fiestas populares.​
En España hay en la actualidad cerca de 400 formaciones musicales de este tipo,​ buena parte de ellas en Galicia, donde algunas gozan de gran fama. Entre las más conocidas pueden citarse la orquesta París de Noia, la Panorama, la Olympus, o la Orquesta Los Satélites.
En Latinoamérica abundan las orquestas especializadas en algún género latino, como pueden ser las orquestas de salsa, las de cumbia o las de tango, así como orquestas que integran varios de estos y otros estilos latinoamericanos (merengue, bolero, mambo, entre otros). Además de estas, existen por otro lado orquestas por todo el continente enfocadas a géneros de música folclóricos propios de cada país, y que se conocen como orquestas típicas.
En EE. UU., la mayoría de las orquestas de baile interpretan estándares del jazz, y se las conoce como big bands. Vivieron su época dorada en los años 30 y 40 del siglo XX (la era del swing), pero todavía son populares hoy en día. Por otro lado, existen también en este país y en algunos otros lo que se conocen como pops orchestras, unas orquestas con una conformación similar a la de una orquesta sinfónica, que interpretan éxitos de la música popular con arreglos instrumentales próximos a la música clásica. Una de las más conocidas orquestas de este país es la Orquesta Boston Pops.
Por último, señalar también la existencia en muchos países de conjuntos musicales, conocidos como cover bands (o grupos de versiones), que se especializan también en tocar éxitos del pop y del rock de distintos artistas. Estos conjuntos raras veces alcanzan sin embargo el rango de orquesta, al conformarse de un más reducido número de miembros.
Mercedes Peón

Mercedes Peón Mosteiro (Oza-Cesuras, 1967) es una cantante e instrumentista española, considerada actualmente como una de las voces más importantes de Galicia. Es una cantante reconocida en toda Galicia.​​​
A los 13 años escucha a las pandereteras de la Costa de la Muerte, lo que la impulsa cuando tiene 17 años a recorrer las aldeas y pueblos de Galicia, entre ellas la aldea de sus abuelos maternos Oza dos Ríos, recogiendo la música y tradiciones del pueblo gallego para guardarlas y transmitirlas a las nuevas generaciones. Formó parte del grupo folclórico Xacarandaina. A lo largo de 17 años de su vida se dedicó a la enseñanza de la música y el baile tradicionales de Galicia. Se hizo muy popular al presentar una sección en el programa de entretenimiento Luar de la Televisión de Galicia, mostrando sus investigaciones de más de 10 años recorriendo las aldeas gallegas en busca de la tradición oral y las músicas más ancestrales.​
Peón en el año 1986 participó en diferentes festivales folclóricos en Checoslovaquia.​
Sus primeras grabaciones fueron colaboraciones con otros artistas gallegos como Xosé Manuel Budiño, Os Diplomáticos de Monte-Alto, Alasdair Fraser, Kepa Junquera o con el antiguo grupo de Manu Chao, Mano Negra.​
En esa época formó el grupo Ajrú, con el que únicamente grabaría unos temas recogidos en el recopilatorio Naciones Celtas II. Probablemente su tema más popular sea el tema principal de la serie Mareas Vivas de TVG.
En el 2000 da vida a Isué, en el cual da su interpretación personal a los temas que había guardado durante años en su grabadora. La innovación es tan sorprendente que las recompensas llueven dentro y fuera de su país. El tema Isué fue considerado el mejor disco por la revista Folkworld y una nominación a la Mejor Artista del Año en la BBC Radio 3. También se produce un cambio en su look, pues decide raparse al cero y deshacerse de su legendaria melena.​
Mercedes Peón participó en dos ediciones del Festival de Ortigueira, en los años 2002 y 2007, asimismo también en la edición del festival Womex de 2010 en Copenhague.
El primer disco de Mercedes Peón es Isué (2000), que cuenta con la colaboración de importantes artistas galegos como Xosé Manuel Budiño o Anxo Pintos de Berrogüetto. Los temas de este álbum son:
El segundo es Ajrú (2003):
El tercer disco es Sihá (2007):
Es una de las artistas gallegas más destacadas de los primeros años del siglo XXI. Ha recibido reconocimientos a nivel internacional en el ámbito de la música folk, como son:
Centro Gallego de Montevideo

El Centro Gallego de Montevideo es una organización civil uruguaya, se encuentra ubicado en calle San José 870 en Montevideo. Es considerado el centro gallego más antiguo del mundo.​
Fue fundado el 30 de agosto de 1879 por un grupo de inmigrantes gallegos con la intención de reunir a los miembros de la colectividad y ser al mismo tiempo un sitio de difusión de la cultura y las costumbres gallegas.​
Es administrado por una junta directiva, en la cual sus miembros son renovados cada dos años. Dentro de la misma funcionan las comisiones de fiestas, cultura y deportes. Está a cargo del diseño y edición de una publicación anual subvencionada por la Junta de Galicia.​ La institución cuenta con cuatro cuerpos estables de danza, el Ballet Folclórico Gallego Alborado, la Escuela de Danza Regional Gallega, el Ballet España, el Grupo Folclórico Raigamenes integrado por adultos mayores y una banda de gaitas. Además de su emblemática sede en el Centro de Montevideo, cuenta con una complejo polideportivo ubicado en Avenida Italia 7504 en el barrio de Carrasco. Donde se desarrollan actividades deportivas, de recreación y natación.
Desde 2019 a 2021 su director fue Julio Ríos Serapio;​​ sustituido desde 2021 por Ramón Lorenzo Pita.​
En 2003, el Centro Gallego de Montevideo fue galardonado con el Premio Otero Pedrayo.​
En los años veinte se encomendó al arquitecto Alfredo Campos la construcción de un edificio propicio para albergar las instalaciones del centro. En sus instalaciones se destacan las salas Valle Inclán, la sala Rosalía de Castro y la Biblioteca Concepción Arenal.​
El 29 de enero de 2004 el mismo recibió la declaración de Monumento Histórico Nacional por parte de la Comisión del Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación.​
En los interiores de su edificio principal se encuentra un cuadro de la artista Mariela Zilli denominado: "Romería".​
Se pueden ver en su entrada dos plaquetas, una plaqueta fundacional con su logo y otra en homenaje a sus 135 años de fundación en 2014.
A Man of Action (2022 film)

A Man of Action (Spanish: Un hombre de acción) is a 2022 crime drama film directed by Javier Ruiz Caldera from a screenplay by Patxi Amezcua which stars Juan José Ballesta alongside Luis Callejo and Miki Esparbé. It is freely based on the life of Lucio Urtubia. It was released on Netflix on 30 November 2022.
Taking place from the 1940s to the 1980s and primarily set in France, the plot is freely inspired by the life of Paris-based Spanish anarchist, bricklayer, and bank robber Lucio Urtubia, known for forging a large-scale scam aimed at the City Bank.
The screenplay was written by Patxi Amezcua [eu]. The film is an Ikiru Films, La Pulga y el Elefante, and La Terraza Films production. Sergi Vilanova took over cinematography duties. Shooting locations included Vigo (Galicia), Catalonia, and France.
A Man of Action was released on Netflix on 30 November 2022.
I'm Nevenka

I'm Nevenka (Spanish: Soy Nevenka) is a 2024 biographical drama film directed by Icíar Bollaín from a screenplay by Bollaín and Isa Campo starring Mireia Oriol and Urko Olazabal. It depicts the sexual harassment case involving Ismael Álvarez and Nevenka Fernández, respectively mayor and municipal councillor in the local government of Ponferrada, which elicited strong public scrutiny and controversy in early 21st-century Spain.
The plot dramatizes the case of Nevenka Fernández, a young municipal finance councillor in Ponferrada who faced widespread scrutiny and societal backlash in Spain after filing a complaint against Mayor Ismael Álvarez [es] for sexual harassment, winning her case notwithstanding.
The screenplay was written by Icíar Bollaín alongside Isa Campo. The film is a Movistar Plus+ original produced by Kowalski Films, Feelgood Media, and Nva Peli AIE; in association with Garbo Produzioni. Shooting locations included Bilbao and Zamora.
I'm Nevenka was presented on 21 September 2024 at the 72nd San Sebastián International Film Festival, as a part of the festival's official selection. It also made it to the slate of the 20th Zurich Film Festival for its international premiere, and main competition section of 55th International Film Festival of India, where it competed for Golden Peacock award.
The film was released theatrically in Spain on 27 September 2024 by Buena Vista International. Epicentre Film acquired French rights to the film.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 73% of 11 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.1/10.
Alfonso Rivera of Cineuropa wrote that the film "is impeccably crafted", but "has a tendency to lean towards TV-movie territory, taking minimal risk in its mise-en-scène".
Eulàlia Iglesias of Fotogramas rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, highlighting Olazabal's performance as the best thing about the film, while considering that if you have seen the series, the film tastes of little.
Gregorio Belinchón of El País assessed that I'm Nevenka is "important and necessary, but cinema cannot be built from the label of 'a necessary film'", although, fortunately, the film overcomes this burden.
David Jenkins of Little White Lies commented that I'm Nevenka is "a trashy, tabloid-y film, but it's a fine one, and a story that still needs to be told again, and again, and again".
Felpeyu

Felpeyu is a Spanish musical group formed in 1991, playing traditional Asturian music as well original compositions based on traditional structures and rhythms.
The band was formed in Salamanca, Spain, by founding members Igor Medio, Ruma Barbero, and the Galician brothers Castor and Félix Castro. The band enjoyed early success within Spain, and has subsequently toured internationally with numerous performances in Europe and Australia. Over the years Felpeyu has also released five studio albums.
The group's first recording was the demo Fuxide Oricios in 1993. The same year, Felpeyu won third prize in the Vilagarcía d'Arousa Folk Bands Competition, and consequently contributed two tracks to the compilation V Festival de Música Folk Galega (CD, 1993 Edicions Discográficas Galegas).
In 1994 the group released its first album, titled Felpeyu and published by FonoAstur. At this early stage the band's repertoire included both Galician and Asturian music, whereas the focus later shifted solely to the Asturian. The second album, Tierra, was released in 1997 and became Asturian Recording of the Year.
During the following years, the band toured throughout Spain and other European countries. In 2000, Felpeyu toured Australia, with 30 performances at major Australian festivals. During the international tour Felpeyu recorded Live Overseas. A second Australian tour took place in 2001.
In 2003 Felpeyu created its own label, Tierra Discos. The first release on the label was the album Yá!, distributed in Spain and Australasia. That same year, Felpeyu played at the annual WOMADadelaide festival of world music and dance in Adelaide, South Australia.
On 24 June 2006, as Felpeyu was travelling from a performance in Corvera to another venue in Barcelona, the group's van overturned on the road. Band members Igor Medio and Carlos Redondo were killed, and four other members were seriously injured. The accident shocked the Spanish folk music community, and the group remained inactive for eleven months.
In May 2007, Felpeyu began performing again with the addition of Dudu Bridge on bass and lead vocals. The following year saw a number of changes to the group's lineup: Senen Luis Fernández replaced Dudu Bridge on bass and lead vocals, Borja Baragaño (Asturian bagpipes, flutes) replaced Diego Pangua and Elias Garcia (bouzouki) replaced Fernando Oyagüez. 2008 also saw the release of the group's most recent album, Canteros.
Higher School for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property in Galicia

The School of Conservation and Restoration of the Cultural Property of Galicia (ESCRBBCCG) is a Spanish higher education institution of the Ministry of Culture and Education of the Xunta de Galicia. It is located in Pontevedra, in the former Saint Ferdinand Barracks, in the same building as the Faculty of Fine Arts. It is the only Higher School of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage in Galicia and the northwest of Spain and is the second oldest restoration school in Spain.
The building is located at 1, General Martitegui Street in Pontevedra.
The school has been offering conservation and restoration studies since 12 January 1992. It awards the Higher Diploma in Conservation and Restoration of Heritage and Cultural Property. The creation of the Higher School of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property of Galicia in Pontevedra dates back to 1991 with Decree 352/1991 of 17 October (DOG (Official Galician Journal) of 24 October).
Between December 1994 and January 1995, the renovation of the building intended to house the Galician Higher School of Cultural Heritage was completed. In 1995, the school, created in 1991, moved in.
The school delivers the Higher Degree in Conservation and Restoration of Heritage and Cultural Property. The studies last four years, the first two years being common and the last two years being specialised. The three specialities taught in this institution are conservation-restoration of sculptural assets, conservation-restoration of pictorial assets and conservation-restoration of archaeological assets.
The first two years of study focus on conservation and restoration techniques, with a study of biology, physics and chemistry related to restoration and art history. In the final two years, there is a specialisation according to the option chosen, in which the technique and theory of each section are studied in depth.
The school is public and requires a high school degree and a specific admission exam. The exam consists of two parts: a textual analysis (related to the school's subjects) and a plastic arts exam (for example, that a colour is degraded in three phases using white).
The large building of the school is the former neoclassical Saint Ferdinand Barracks, designed by the architect Bonifacio Menéndez Conde, built between 1906 and 1909 and renovated in 1994 by the architect César Portela Fernández-Jardón to become the headquarters of the higher school for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property in Galicia.
The institution's library has more than 9,000 volumes, of which almost 6,000 were donated in July 2020 by the heirs of the doctor Manuel Carballal Lugrís, who lived in Pontevedra.
登封市

登封市是中华人民共和国河南省郑州市下辖的一个县级市，登封之名由武周女皇帝武则天所封。位于河南省中部偏西，地处嵩山南麓，东北临省会郑州，西北靠古都洛阳。辖域东西长约56公里，南北宽约35公里，面积1220平方公里。全市常住人口72.93万人。主要方言是中原官话洛嵩片。市人民政府驻少林大道38号。
登封市不仅境内的文物及古遗址遗迹不胜枚举，而且是少林功夫源起地少林寺的所在地，是中国著名的“文物之乡”和“武术之乡”。近年又相继成为国家园林城市、国家卫生城市、中国县域旅游品牌百强市和中国优秀旅游城市，拥有国家5A级旅游景区少林寺、国家级重点风景名胜区嵩山以及世界文化遗产登封“天地之中”历史建筑群。
登封是中华文化的主要发祥地之一，古代这里曾生活居住着共工部落和四岳部落，经长期繁衍生息，其后代不断迁徙散居在中国各地。根据史料记载及考古印证，公元前2000多年前，夏禹王朝生产生活和政治活动的中心阳城就位于今日登封市告成镇。西周时期，周公旦在阳城立土圭、测日影，制定历法。秦代推行郡县制，在这一地区设立阳城县，西汉武帝刘彻游嵩山聞得嵩呼，正式设立崇高邑。隋代改为嵩阳县。696年，女皇武则天登嵩山、封中岳，改嵩阳县为登封县，改阳城县为告成县（寓意大功告成）。金代将登封、告成两县合并为登封县。
中华民国北洋政府时期，河南省是包括中国国民党在内的军阀内战北方主要战场，处于洛阳、郑州和许昌之间的登封屡遭战火之殃，造成土匪横行，于是地方豪绅自发组建武装。国共内战时期，1948年年初，在中国人民解放军3路大军的打击下，中华民国国军在河南地区转入全面防御，3月初，中国人民解放军在登封、临汝、宜阳以南集结，至5月16日登封全境基本被解放军控制。1983年洛阳地区所辖登封县划归郑州市管辖。新安、孟津、偃师三县由洛阳地区划归洛阳市。1994年5月30日经国务院批准登封县撤县设市。
根据第七次人口普查数据，截至2020年11月1日零时，登封市常住人口为729332人。
登封处于山地向平原的过渡地带，境内地形复杂，山地、丘陵、盆地、河谷平原兼有。中岳嵩山是境内北部的主要山脉，分为太室、少室二山。太室山位于城北，环山36峰，其中峻极峰海拔1494米，为嵩山主峰。源于少室山的颖河为境内的主要河流，东经白沙水库，至安徽省的颍上县流入淮河。境内南有箕山和熊山山脉。
登封处在北半球暖温带，属大陆性气候，干旱天气常见，明清时期，大的旱灾曾发生过22次。降水多集中在每年的七八月份。无霜期238天，年均降水量614毫米。年平均日照时数2297小时，年均温度14.2℃。
登封市为较具实力的县（市）之一，其经济体系可概况为以文化旅游为主的现代服务业，以特色种植、养殖为主的现代都市农业，以装备和汽车零部件制造、新材料、生物医药为主的现代工业。综合竞争力曾在2009年位居全国县域经济百强县（市）的第六十四位。2020年，登封市完成生产总值人民币452.77亿元，其中第一产业22.58亿元，第二产业214.81亿元，第三产业215.38亿元，人均生产总值62,516元。
登封目前有3个经济发展聚集区，包括产业集聚区、文化旅游产业集聚区和农业产业集聚区，2个专业园区包括三里庄高新技术工业园区和循环经济工业园，还有22个乡镇特色产业园。2012年，装备及汽车零部件制造、新材料、生物医药产业实现产值121亿元；实现旅游总收入55亿元；农业总产值突破20亿元。
登封市下辖3个街道办事处、9个镇、3个乡：
嵩阳街道、​少林街道、​中岳街道、​大金店镇、​颍阳镇、​卢店街道、​告成镇、​大冶镇、​宣化镇、​徐庄镇、​东华镇、​唐庄镇、​白坪乡、​君召乡、​石道乡和​送表矿区。
登封境内公路网络较为发达， 盐洛高速、 焦唐高速、 商登高速和 郑少高速四条高速公路在境内交汇，另有 207国道、 343国道、 234省道、 235省道、 317省道、 319省道等国、省干道贯通登封全境，使登封向周边的郑州、洛阳、焦作、平顶山、许昌形成“一小时快速交通圈”。
铁路方面，登封境内建有登封铁路，该线路为地方货运铁路，与京广铁路和焦柳铁路相连。
登封是华夏文明的重要发祥地之一，佛道儒三教荟萃，留下众多文物古迹。境内现存文物史迹1127处，其中国家级重点文物保护单位16处，省级16处，名列全国县级第一，有天下第一名刹少林寺，中国现存最早的天文台登封观星台，中国现存最古老的佛教砖塔嵩岳寺塔，中国现存规模最大、数量最多的古塔建筑群少林寺塔林，宋代四大书院之一的嵩阳书院，中国最早的佛寺法王寺，五岳道教圣地中岳庙等。
中岳嵩山，是国家级重点风景名胜区和国家级森林公园（国务院首批公布），有人文景观150处，自然景观30余处。1991年被联合国科教文组织首轮通过为“世界地质遗产保护单位”。
登封“天地之中”历史建筑群，2010年被列为世界文化遗产，古迹群包括太室阙和中岳庙，少室闕，啟母闕，嵩岳寺塔，少林寺建築群（包括常住院、塔林、初祖庵），會善寺，嵩阳书院，观星台。
登封“天地之中”历史建筑群

“天地之中”指中国河南省登封市的一批具有悠久历史的文物古迹，包括周公測景台和观星台、嵩岳寺塔、太室阙和中岳庙、少室闕、啟母闕、嵩陽書院、會善寺、少林寺建築群（包括常住院、塔林和初祖庵）等8處11項優秀歷史建築。该建筑群中的各建筑建成时间从汉至清，时间跨度达2000多年。联合国教科文组织于2010年将“登封‘天地之中’历史建筑群”列为世界遗产。
2009年，中国向世界遗产大会申报“天地之中”时，因材料不足暂缓。2010年7月31日，在巴西利亚举行第34届世界遗产大会，“天地之中”申报世界文化遗产项目获审议通过，正式列入《世界遗产名录》。它成为河南省继洛阳龙门石窟、安阳殷墟之后的第三处世界文化遗产，也是中国第39处世界遗产。
该世界遗产被认为满足世界遺產登錄基準中的以下基準而予以登錄：
嵩山

嵩山古名又稱外方、嵩高、崇高，位於河南省中部，屬伏牛山系，古時毗鄰洛陽城，是五岳的中岳，1983年後屬登封市。總面積約為450平方公里，嵩山又分為少室山和太室山兩部分，共72峰，最高峰連天峰高達1512米，峻極峰海拔1492米，古詩曰：「嵩高維岳，峻極於天」，中岳嵩山擁有古老穩定的自然地質和燦爛的文化遺存。中國名剎少林寺就在嵩山上。
1982年，嵩山被中國國務院列為第一批國家級風景名勝區。2004年2月13日被聯合國教科文組織地學部評選為「世界地質公園」。2007年5月8日，嵩山少林景區又被中國國家旅遊局批准為國家5A級旅遊景區。嵩山是儒釋道共處的聖地之一，不僅是中國道教聖地，漢傳佛教的發祥地，也是中國新儒教的誕生地。
嵩山地處中原，东西横卧，古称“外方”，夏商时称“嵩高”、“崇山”，西周时称岳山。公元前770年平王迁都洛阳后，以“嵩为中央、左岱、右华”，为“天地之中”，稱中嶽嵩山。海拔最低为350米，最高处为少室山的连天峰，海拔1512米，主峰峻极峰位于太室山，高1491.7米。嵩山北瞰黃河、洛水，南臨潁水、箕山，東接五代京都汴梁，西連洛陽，素有“汴洛兩京、畿內名山”之稱。於奇異的峻峰，宮觀林立，故為中原地區第一名山。
嵩山因为地质演化纪录上的多样性而被批准为世界地质公园。嵩山地质构造以其岩龄古老、构造复杂、地壳发育完整、出露良好而闻名。在嵩山72峰里，从太古代到新生代的岩层都有发现，地质史上的太古宙、元古宙、古生代、中生代、新生代的地壳和岩石均有出露，被地质学界称为“五世同堂”。嵩山地区的岩浆岩、沉积岩、变质岩的出露，构成了中国最古老的岩系，登封群的“登封朵岩”。华北地区几乎所有的岩石和地层类型都集中于此，时间跨度达30亿年。嵩山古老的岩石系形成于23亿年前，保存最为完好的是反映太古代至古生代三次地质构造运动——“嵩阳运动”、“中岳运动”、“少林运动”的遗迹。嵩山成为许多地质学研究者们的热点考察区域。
嵩山曾有30多位皇帝、150多位著名文人所親临，更是神仙相聚对话的洞天福地。由於名勝古蹟眾多，勘稱於五嶽。《诗经》有“嵩高惟岳，峻极于天”的名句。始建于秦朝的道教圣地中嶽廟，是中國古代建築群之一。2001年被列入全国重点文物保护单位名单，2010年成为世界文化遗产。太室山南麓的嵩阳书院，是中国古代四大书院之一。太室山南麓的法王寺，是中国最早的寺庙之一。以禪宗和武術聞名於天下的少林寺，位於嵩山的少室山。
唐朝进士郑谷有“八景诗”曰：
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法王寺 (登封)

法王寺位于河南登封嵩山太室山南麓，中国最早的寺院之一。
法王寺依山而建。寺东有两座山峰，形状如门称“嵩门”。每逢中秋夜晚，一轮皓月从这门洞中徐徐升起，法王寺“嵩门待月”被称为嵩山八景之一。
法王寺周围现存有塔6座，其中包括建于唐代的法王寺塔。
法王寺相传建于东汉永平14年（公元71年），是中国最早的寺院之一，比洛阳白马寺晚三年。也有观点认为，印度高僧迦叶摩腾、竺法兰到达洛阳时，白马寺尚未修建成功，他们住在官方驿舍鸿胪寺。后二人嫌洛阳闹市喧嚣，提出在嵩山太室山建造寺庙，法王寺由此建立。故此，有人认为法王寺才是中国最早的寺院。
1987年法王寺重修，2001年法王寺塔被列为全国重点文物保护单位。
法王寺塔群共有6座塔，其中一至四号塔从形制看应为唐和五代塔，但塔铭均被毁（无法得知其具体年代，被毁时间应在元代以前)。一号至四号塔位于寺院最北方(最后方)，目前并未开发只有土路连接。
一号塔为十五层叠涩密檐式方形砖塔，塔高35.16米， 田凯在其文章中认为一号塔形制与建于唐景龙年间（707～710年）的小雁塔和周至县的八云塔、陕西洋县建于唐开元元年（713年）的开明寺塔形制相近，应为初唐所建。同济教授,中国建筑史学会副会长路秉杰在其文章中认为一号塔为隋塔，隋仁寿元年六月乙丑颁舍利于诸州，要求建塔供养。法王寺的舍利供养塔（一号塔）事在必造。是在这样一种形势下，建造了法王寺舍利塔，并因此而改了寺名。隋仁寿二年与大唐建国还有十六年，而且即使进入唐代，也不见得会立即建塔，因此不能称作唐塔。
位于一号塔后方38米，为单层单檐亭阁式方形砖塔。其建造年代很可能在大历年间（路秉杰在其文章中认为以少林寺法玩禅师塔推之，极似初唐）。塔高14.05米，塔身方形单边长4.35米，高6.2米。下有基座高0.5米。塔檐高2.25米，下檐有21层叠涩，檐上有14层叠涩。檐上为塔刹，高5.35米。塔刹基座为砖砌须弥座，座上四角及中部石雕蕉叶，基座上置覆钵，覆钵上一圈石雕葵瓣，上为石雕蕉叶，蕉叶上为卷云花瓣，再上为三层仰莲，仰莲上为卷云轮盘，上置石雕宝瓶。塔身南部砌券形塔门，门宽1.5米，高2.3米，内为单边长1.54米的塔心室。砖砌地宫位于塔基中心下部。
2000年3-5月，河南省文物考古研究对法王寺二号塔地宫进行了抢救性考古发掘。二号地宫推测封闭年代和建塔时期一致，后再未开启。地宫内禅床上有一泥塑高僧真身坐化像。像的前部摆一案，已经腐掉。案之右侧摆放白釉双系罐、黑釉注子、白釉细颈瓶、陶砚、铜执壶、铜净瓶、黑釉钵、迦陵频伽盒等。禅床前也有一腐掉的案子，木质结构散座周围，前部有秩序地摆放供品，正前放列一铜制镏金香炉，盖部滑脱于旁边，疑为木案坍塌将盖推掉，铜炉的右侧一倾翻的黑钵应是从案上落下，案之右前摆有黑钵、白釉罐，两侧呈对称各摆两白釉盒和一白釉碗。地上散落铜箸、铜匙等并有四枚铜币，加上踏道填土内出土的16枚铜币，共有30枚“开元通宝”铜币。目前部分发掘文物在河南博物院展览。
三号塔为单层单檐亭阁式砖塔，出檐14层。推测为晚唐（路秉杰在其文章中认为其为唐中叶以后）。塔下方为方形砖砌须弥座。其上砖砌券门,门缺失，目前被砖封住。
四号塔为单层单檐亭阁式砖塔，推测为晚唐到五代（路秉杰在其文章中认为其为唐中叶以后）。高七米，塔下方为方型砖砌须弥座。其上砖砌券门，门缺失，目前被砖封住。塔上方迭涩檐有砖块缺失。
月庵海公圆寂塔建于元仁宗延佑三年(1316年)五月。塔高19米，六角七级密檐砖塔，壶门内有牡丹等花卉和瑞兽雕刻。目前位于寺院中部西边约100米。弥壑澧公和尚塔建于清康熙二十九年（1690）。为六角七级密檐式砖塔，高11米。目前位于寺院最北面空地左边。
1909-1910年 日本学者关野贞路过考察
1936年 中国营造学社刘敦桢等学者考察
1957年 同济大学教授陈从周考察嵩山少林寺等古建筑。寺院败落萧条
1962年 河南省人民委员会公布法王寺唐塔等为省级重点文物保护单位
1980年 同济大学路秉杰，郭允考察嵩山嵩岳寺塔
1987年后 释延佛入主法王寺，募子资6000余万元，重建了山门、厢房，新建了金刚殿、西方圣人殿、藏经阁及两侧钟鼓楼，使法王寺建筑有了巨大变化，成为一座拥有七进院落的宏大寺院
1995年 路秉杰等率同济大学建筑学专业92级大学生、研究生一百余人进行嵩山传统建筑测绘实习
2001年 国务院公布法王寺唐塔等为全国重点文物保护单位。
阿巴拉契亚山脉

阿巴拉契亚山脉（英語：Appalachian Mountains，發音：/ˌæpəˈleɪʃ(i)ən/ AP-ə-LAY-sh(ee-)ən），又譯阿帕拉契山脉，是北美洲东部的一座山系。南起美国的阿拉巴马州，北至加拿大的纽芬兰和拉布拉多省。最北部余脉则延伸到魁北克的加斯佩地区。平均海拔910米（3000英尺）。最高峰在北卡罗莱纳州的米切尔峰（2037米）。
构成阿巴拉契亚山脉的有纽芬兰省的长岭山、魁北克的圣母山、缅因州的朗费罗山（英语：Longfellow Mountains）、新罕布夏州的怀特山、佛蒙特州的綠山山脈、塔科尼克山脉（英语：Taconic Mountains）；马萨诸塞州的伯克希爾山脈（英语：Berkshires）；跨宾夕法尼亚州、马里兰州和西佛吉尼亚州三州的阿勒格尼山脉；跨宾夕法尼亚州、马里兰州、西弗吉尼亚州以及弗吉尼亚州四州的阿巴拉契亚岭谷。还有从宾夕法尼亚州南部到佐治亚州北部的蓝岭山脈。
实际上阿巴拉契高地严格的边界範圍存有争议，阿第倫達克山脈一般被认为是属于加拿大地盾，而非阿帕拉契高地。
艾费尔山

艾费尔山（德語：Eifel，发音：[ˈaɪfl̩] （）；盧森堡語：Äifel，发音：[ˈæːɪfəl]）是德国西部（北莱茵-威斯特法伦州西南部和莱茵兰-普法尔茨州西北部）、比利时东部（比利时德语区南部）和卢森堡北部的山脉，是莱茵板岩山脉的一部分。2004年起，艾费尔山区大约110平方公里的范围被划归艾费尔国家公园。
艾费尔山南部以摩泽尔河为界，东部以莱茵河为界，北部则与上芬恩相连，向西延伸至阿登山，阿登山区和艾费尔山区实际上在地质史上属于同一区域，因为他们都位于同一火山地带，地質中產有世界稀有礦物硼鋁石，也是歐洲唯一礦區。地质学上的艾菲尔期以该地区命名。
在第三纪，艾费尔山地区火山活动剧烈，这里的一些山丘就是火山口，这个地区的湖泊是曾经的破火山口，最后一次火山喷发发生在一万年以前。研究表明，地下的地幔活动还很活跃；艾费尔地区每年上升约1-2毫米。从历史上讲，艾费尔山区活跃期之间有一万到两万年的非活跃期，所以有意见认为在将来还会发生喷发。
该地区比较有名的古迹是艾费尔水渠，是一座古罗马时期修建的古罗马水渠，为当时的科隆提供水源。
獅子王：木法沙

《獅子王：木法沙》（英語：Mufasa: The Lion King）是一部2024年美國歌舞劇情片。本片改編自迪士尼1994年動畫電影《獅子王》，也是2019年電影《獅子王》的前傳兼續集，由貝瑞·傑金斯執導，傑夫·內桑森編劇，配音陣容包括艾倫·皮爾（英语：Aaron Pierre (actor)）、小凱文·哈里遜（英语：Kelvin Harrison, Jr.）、約翰·卡尼（英语：John Kani）、塞斯·羅根、比利·艾西納（英语：Billy Eichner）、唐納·葛洛佛、邁茲·米克森、譚蒂·紐頓、布魯·艾薇·卡特（英语：Blue Ivy Carter）以及碧昂絲。
《獅子王：木法沙》由華特迪士尼工作室電影排定2024年12月20日於美國上映。
辛巴成為榮耀國國王後，和娜娜有了個女兒，名叫琪拉雅，而且牠們還期待著另一隻幼崽的降生。牠們離開前往綠洲，讓娜娜在那裡生下孩子，而辛巴要求丁滿和彭彭照顧琪拉雅。拉飛奇很快就去看望牠們，並決定分享關於牠的祖父木法沙的故事。
木法沙和牠的父母馬塞戈和阿菲亞尋找傳說中的“米勒勒（Milele）”。但意外發生一場洪水把木法沙衝進了一片濕地，在那裡牠遇見了獅王幼崽塔卡（刀疤年輕時的名字）。還遭到鱷魚的襲擊，直到塔卡的母親葉舍介入。牠接受了木法沙，但塔卡的父親奧巴西國王批評牠與外來者交朋友，稱木法沙為“流浪兒”。於是牠讓兒子與木法沙進行一場比賽，以決定後者是否能加入獅群。當木法沙因精疲力竭而落後時，塔卡放棄比賽，以便牠能留下來。
隨著木法沙和塔卡長大，牠們之間建立深厚的感情，國王奧巴西試圖讓塔卡留在牠身邊，並命令木法沙和母獅待在一起。葉舍教木法沙狩獵、運用感官以及其他生活技能。有一天出去打獵時，兩隻白獅襲擊了牠們。葉舍受到攻擊，於是木法沙幫助牠。最終殺死了其中一隻（白獅王基洛斯的兒子夏柱），並迫使另一隻白獅逃跑。塔卡目睹這次襲擊，但害怕地撤退了。倖存者告知「外來者」的首領基洛斯（Kiros），這群獅子因為身上的白色皮毛而被各自的獅群驅逐。基洛斯為被木法沙殺害的兒子尋求復仇。奧巴西命令木法沙與塔卡一起離開並尋找新的家園，以便塔卡延續獅王的血脈。
兩隻亞成年公獅遇到了一隻流浪母獅沙拉碧、犀鳥沙祖以及後來的山魈拉飛奇。塔卡被母獅沙拉碧吸引；這群動物穿過一座白雪皚皚的山脈，而沙祖則在雪地裡製造小型雪崩掩蓋牠們的蹤跡。然而，當沙拉碧明顯更喜歡木法沙時，塔卡就感到嫉妒。於是塔卡與白獅王基洛斯會面，並提出幫助牠獵殺木法沙，並沿途留下蹤跡。
當兄弟倆到達“米勒勒（Milele）”時，牠們被白獅子追上。基洛斯告訴木法沙的結義兄弟塔卡的背叛。把木法沙逼進山洞，精疲力竭的木法沙差點被殺死，躲在一旁的塔卡突然回想起兒時與木法沙度過的美好時光，因背叛而悔恨不已的塔卡介入兩隻獅子的戰鬥中，基洛斯在牠的左眼皮上留下標誌性傷疤。後來發生地震，導致木法沙和基洛斯掉入洞穴湖。然而掉下一塊落石讓木法沙將基洛斯推至其下方而死，後牠往上游到安全的地方。木法沙筋疲力盡很難從水裡出來，但再次被塔卡救了上去。在基洛斯被木法沙打敗後，加冕為米勒勒（現稱為榮耀國）國王的木法沙，指責塔卡的背叛行為並允許牠留在王國，但為了提醒牠過去的行為，並發誓再也不叫牠以前的名字，塔卡給自己取名為“刀疤”。隨後，木法沙登上新形成的榮耀石，發出勝利的吼叫，而刀疤則在後面注視著。
回到現在，琪拉雅向天空咆哮。牠和朋友們與自己的父母辛巴和娜娜重聚，並見到了牠剛出生的弟弟，琪拉雅主動向牠講述了木法沙的故事。
2020年9月，據報導迪士尼正在開發真實版《獅子王》的後續電影，由貝瑞·傑金斯執導，傑夫·內桑森回歸編劇。2022年9月，迪士尼在D23博覽會（英语：D23 (Disney)）上正式宣布製作，並公布片名為《獅子王：木法沙》（Mufasa: The Lion King）。
2021年8月，亞倫·皮埃爾（英语：Aaron Pierre (actor)）和小凱爾文·哈里遜（英语：Kelvin Harrison, Jr.）加入配音陣容，分別聲演年輕時期的木法沙以及刀疤。2022年9月，宣布塞斯·羅根、比利·埃西納（英语：Billy Eichner）和約翰·卡尼爾（英语：John Kani）回歸，分別聲演彭彭、丁滿以及拉飛奇。
2022年9月舉行的D23博覽會（英语：D23 (Disney)）上，迪士尼向在場觀眾展示有關拉飛奇講述木法沙的過去的片段，揭露拍攝已經進行中。Moving Picture Company（英语：Moving Picture Company）將回歸提供視覺效果。
2022年6月，尼可拉斯·布泰爾（英语：Nicholas Britell）獲聘擔任電影原聲帶的作曲家。2022年9月，宣布漢斯·季默和菲瑞·威廉斯也將回歸為電影製作音樂。
《獅子王：木法沙》由華特迪士尼工作室電影排定2024年7月5日於美國上映，後因2023年演员工会-美国电视和广播艺人联合会大罢工（英语：2023 SAG-AFTRA strike）而延期至2024年12月20日。
爛番茄根據215條評論，本片獲得57%的新鮮度，平均得分5.8／10，觀眾的好評度為81%，平均得分4.2／5。在Metacritic上，本片獲得56分。評論家普遍對該片抱持混合評價，導演、音樂、聲演表現受到評論家的讚揚，批評處則集中於視覺效果和編劇的不足。
古埃及建築

古埃及建築是指古埃及時期在尼羅河一帶所發展出之具有文明影響力且組織結構多元化的建築風格。目前這些建築有一些被完好的保存了下來，其中較知名的有吉薩金字塔群、獅身人面像、阿布辛拜勒神庙和卡納克神廟等。
由於尼羅河一帶缺少木材， 因此古埃及建築的通常是採用大量的泥磚和石頭建成，且石頭主要是以花崗岩、石灰岩和砂岩為主。 從古王國時期開始，石頭一般用在陵墓和神廟等建築，而泥磚則是用在王室宮殿、城牆、城鎮和神廟旁的附屬建築。
建築用的泥磚之原料主要來自尼羅河沿岸的泥。古埃及人取得泥後，會將泥放入模具中，並置在陽光強烈處來乾燥硬化，最後成為泥磚。
在幾千年間，有許多古埃及的城鎮已經消失，因為它們所在位置接近尼羅河河谷，每當河水氾濫時，一些土坯建成的房屋常會被水沖刷掉。幸運的是，古埃及的乾燥和炎熱讓一些建在高地上的泥磚建築村落、神廟和陵墓保存下來，例如村莊德爾巴拉梅迪納（دير المدينة）、小鎮萊紅（كاهون） 和堡壘巴衡 等。
在古埃及眾多建築中，除了供平民居住用的民房外，有不少都是基於宗教信仰來修建，而其主要之特色為擁有厚實或是傾斜且出入口較少的牆壁。從第四王朝開始，所有紀念性建築物幾乎都會於內部放置門額和門楣來做裝飾。
此外，古埃及重要建築物的內部和外部牆壁、支柱通常繪有色彩鮮豔的壁畫，或是刻有聖書文和植物圖案。 許多壁畫的主題通常是當時古埃及的象徵，如金龜子和聖甲蟲，或是描述神話故事。其他常見的主題還包括棕櫚葉、紙莎草和蓮花等。 而聖書文方面，大多是用來記錄重大事件、宗教法術和科學技術等。
值得一提的是，不少古埃及神廟與重要天文事件息息相關，像是需要精確測量的冬、夏至和春、秋分等，神廟會在這些時間舉辦祭典儀式。進行測量時可能由法老本人在隆重的場合下進行。
浮圖

浮圖或浮屠，為佛教名詞，乃汉语外来词，即「佛陀」（梵語：बुद्ध；IAST：Buddha；巴利語：Buddho）的多种音譯之一。其梵语词根本意爲「已经觉悟」，佛陀即覺者。
浮图（浮屠）爲較早譯名，中國歷史上有种种不同的译名，如：佛陀、佛圖、佛徒、浮陀、浮圖、浮屠等等，都是音譯。现代称“佛陀”，簡稱为“佛”，此詞最早見於西域語言譯過来的佛經中，以後才漸漸傳播開来，并取代“浮圖”等譯名。
佛陀取代浮圖成爲覺者之通用代名後，浮圖一詞多見於浮圖塔（浮屠塔），指窣堵坡（梵文：stūpa）或漢化的佛教塔類建築。
浮圖塔原本爲印度墓地样式塔婆（簡稱「塔」），传入中国後以中国式塔审美和建筑风格加以改造，形成了汉化塔类建筑的样式。供奉佛陀舍利者，爲佛塔；作为僧人的墓地使用者，爲僧塔；供奉储藏佛经者，爲法塔；三者在汉地一般以浮屠塔统称。浮屠塔可以指：
日本佛教建築

日本佛教建築是日本受中國建築文化影響下發展出的佛教建築（英语：Buddhist architecture）。
「七堂伽藍」（Shichidō garan）是日本佛教建築中理想的寺院模式。「七堂」一般是指金堂、佛塔、講堂、鐘楼、經藏、僧坊、食堂。禪宗寺院的「七堂」也可以是山門、佛殿、法堂、僧堂、庫院、東司、浴室。
A 中門（Chūmon） B 廻廊（Kairō） C 金堂（Kondō） D 塔（Tō） E 講堂（Kōdō） F 經藏（Kyōzō） G 鐘樓（Shōrō）
A中門 B廻廊 C金堂 D塔 E講堂 F鐘樓 G經藏
A總門（Sōmon） B山門（Sanmon） C廻廊（Kairō） D佛殿（Butsuden） E法堂（Hōdō） F禪堂（Zendō） G鐘樓（Shōrō） H庫裏（Kuri）
飛鳥樣式是日本飛鳥時代受到南北朝中國建築文化影響演變出的一種建築樣式。
白鳳樣式是日本奈良時代初期受到隋代、唐代初期中國建築文化影響演變出的一種建築樣式。
天平樣式是日本奈良時代末期受到唐朝中國建築文化影響演變出的一種建築樣式。
弘仁・貞觀樣式是日本平安時代演變出的一種建築樣式。
和樣（Wayō）是日本平安時代自行演變出的一種建築樣式。
大佛樣（Daibutsuyō）也叫天竺樣（Tenjikuyō），是日本鎌倉時代的一名和尚——重源，受到宋代中國福建一帶禪宗建築文化影響，演變出的一種建築樣式。
禪宗樣（Zenshūyō）也叫唐樣（karayō），是日本鎌倉時代的和尚——榮西和道元，受到宋代中國江浙一帶建築文化影響，演變出的一種建築樣式。
折衷樣（Setchūyō）是上面三個樣式的混合風格。
會善寺

會善寺位于河南省登封市北6公里嵩山南麓的积翠峰下，会善寺与少林寺、法王寺、嵩岳寺并称为嵩山四大寺院。
会善寺坐北面南。山门面阔共五间，进深有三间，硬山小灰瓦顶，中3间砌有券门，明间门券上嵌有长方形的横匾书“会善寺”三字，内供奉着明周王所赠的“白玉阿弥陀佛”一尊。山门的东西两侧各建有单间硬山造掖门，后面有大雄宝殿，月台上有明成化七年(1471年)高一米余、重六百五十公斤的铁钟一口。大雄殿面阔五间、进深五间，单檐歇山顶，檐下有硕大斗拱，为五铺作重拱双下昂。殿内减柱造，梁架为四椽栿搭牵，用三柱。创建于元代，后多次重修。
会善寺西的山坡上原来有唐代名僧“一行禅师”创建的琉璃戒坛，五代时被毁，现尚存唐代残石柱2根，柱面雕有天王像，柱基雕有鬼怪神兽。寺西面有唐净藏禅师塔，西南面和东南面有清代砖塔5座。
寺内现存主要碑刻有东魏《中岳嵩阳寺碑》、北齐《会善寺碑》、唐代《道安禅师碑》、《会善寺戒坛记》等，具有重要的书法艺术价值和历史文献价值。
Sun and Moon Pagodas

The Sun and Moon Pagodas (Chinese: 日月双塔; pinyin: Rìyuè Shuāngtǎ) are twin pagodas located in Guilin, Guangxi, China. Originally built in the city moat of Guilin during the Tang dynasty, the pagodas were reconstructed in 2001 using historical records as the centerpiece of Riyue Shuangta Cultural Park—–a park themed around the unity of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. The Moon Pagoda was built on an island in Shan Lake while the Sun Pagoda was built out in the lake. The Sun Pagoda has an octagonal base, is faced with bronze, has nine stories, and is 41 m (135 ft) tall. The Sun Pagoda is the tallest bronze pagoda in the world and is one of the few pagodas in the world that has an elevator. The Moon Pagoda has an octagonal base, is faced with glazed tile, has seven stories, and is 35 m (115 ft) tall. They were featured as the ninth Pit Stop during the fourteenth season of The Amazing Race in 2009.
Shan Lake was drained and the areas was excavated. The excavation located the original foundations and several artifacts including historic japa mala. The most significant find was a stone box which contained scrolls written by a Tang dynasty emperor. The scrolls relate Buddhist teachings to the Chinese zodiac. The artifacts unearthed during the excavation are housed in an underground museum on site. The museum also contains statues of Laozi and Confucius in accordance with the theme of the park. The museum also has reliefs of the Bodhisattva Bhaisajyaguru who is the patron of the Chinese Zodiac. The Sun Pagoda is connected to the Moon Pagoda via an underwater glass tunnel and its ground floor contains a tea house and a bronze bell for blessings. The elevator only goes to the sixth level and visitors must climb stairs to see the finger bone of Buddha relic and take in the view of downtown.
Tiger Hill Pagoda

The Tiger Hill Pagoda or Huqiu Pagoda (Chinese: 虎丘塔; pinyin: Hǔqiū tǎ; Suzhou Wu: Hou chieu thaeh, Wu Chinese pronunciation: [hou tɕʰʏ tʰɑʔ]), officially the Yunyan Pagoda (Chinese: 云岩寺塔; pinyin: Yúnyán sì tǎ; Suzhou Wu: Yuin nge zy thaeh, Wu Chinese pronunciation: [ɦʏn ŋe̞ zz̩ tʰɑʔ]), is a Chinese pagoda situated on Tiger Hill (Huqiu) in Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province of Eastern China. It is nicknamed the 'Leaning Tower of China'.
The Tiger Hill Pagoda is the primary pagoda of the former Yunyan Temple, which was founded in 327 and rebuilt for the last time in 1871. The temple suffered damage in successive wars and most of the temple was destroyed during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Some elements of the temple such as the formal entrance, the Yunyan Pagoda, and several other buildings and smaller shrines have survived, and now stand as landmarks throughout Tiger Hill Park.
Construction of the pagoda began in 907 CE, during the later period of the Five Dynasties period, at a time when Suzhou was ruled by the Wuyue Kingdom. Construction was completed in 961 CE during the Song dynasty.
The uppermost stories of the pagoda were built as an addition during the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor (1628–1644), the last emperor of the Ming dynasty.
The Yunyan Pagoda rises to a height of 47 m (154 ft). The pagoda has seven stories and is octagonal in plan, and was built with a masonry structure designed to imitate wooden-structured pagodas prevalent at the time.
In more than a thousand years the pagoda has gradually slanted due to forces of nature. Now the top and bottom of the tower vary by 2.32 meters. The entire structure weighs some 7,000,000 kilograms (15,000,000 lb), supported by internal brick columns. However, the pagoda leans roughly 3 degrees due to the cracking of two supporting columns.
The pagoda leans because the foundation is originally half rock and the other half is on soil. In 1957, efforts were made to stabilize the pagoda and prevent further leaning. Concrete was also pumped into the soil forming a stronger foundation.
During the reinforcement process, a stone casket containing Buddhist scriptures was found. The container had an inscription noting the completion date of the pagoda as the seventeenth day of the twelfth month of the second year of the Jianlong era (961 CE).
The Yunyan Pagoda is a designated Major National Historical and Cultural Site in Jiangsu. As of September 2010, public access to the top of the tower is no longer allowed.
31°20′17″N 120°34′35″E﻿ / ﻿31.33806°N 120.57639°E﻿ / 31.33806; 120.57639
Dengfeng

Dengfeng (Chinese: 登封; pinyin: Dēngfēng; postal: Tengfeng) is a county-level city of Henan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. In ancient times, it was known as Yangcheng (traditional Chinese: 陽城; simplified Chinese: 阳城; pinyin: Yángchéng).
Dengfeng has an area of 1,220 km (470 sq mi) and a population of 630,000. It occupies the southwestern corner of Zhengzhou and is its westernmost county-level division.
Dengfeng is located at the foot of the Mount Song, one of the most sacred mountains in China. The city is one of the most renowned spiritual centers of China, and is home to various religious institutions and famous temples such as the Taoist Zhongyue Temple, the Buddhist Shaolin Temple (a renowned center for martial arts), as well as the Confucian Songyang Academy and the Gaocheng Observatory, hence its poetic expression derived from Chinese literature as the spiritual "center of heaven and earth". Parts of the city were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010.
The first Xia dynasty capital, Yangcheng, was built west of Gaocheng Township on the Ying River under the sacred Mount Song.
The famous Shaolin Monastery, traditionally considered the origin of Zen, is located in Dengfeng where they teach adults as well as children martial arts. It is also a famous tourist attraction.
As of 2012, the city is divided to 3 subdistricts, 8 towns and 5 townships.
In 2010, UNESCO inscribed several of the most renowned sites of Dengfeng onto its World Heritage List under the title "Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in 'The Center of Heaven and Earth'." The World Heritage Site includes several historic gates, temples, a Confucian academy and the Gaocheng Observatory:
Other notable sites in Dengfeng include the Fawang Temple, a Buddhist temple built in the Tang dynasty.
La maja desnuda (Vicente Blasco Ibáñez)

La maja desnuda es una novela publicada en el año 1906 escrita por el escritor valenciano Vicente Blasco Ibáñez.
La novela relata la vida de un humilde hijo de herrero que se convierte en pintor de talento famoso y sus peripecias con las mujeres de su vida, que transcurre en Roma, París y Madrid. El título de la novela hace alusión al famoso cuadro del mismo título de Francisco de Goya, y la novela contiene varias escenas de las periódicas visitas del pintor al Museo del Prado.
La novela tuvo mucho éxito en su época y causó un cierto escándalo porque se prestaba a reconocer personajes del Madrid de la época, donde estaba ambientada en una parte sustancial. Blasco fue amigo de los hermanos pintores y escultores Benlliure y trató también a Joaquín Sorolla, aunque el personaje principal de la novela tiene elementos que se pueden asociar a la propia vida de Blasco.
Se tradujo al inglés con el título "Woman Triumphant".
El propio Blasco, en el prólogo de la versión inglesa, describía así su esencia: Renovales, el famoso pintor protagonista de la novela, es "simplemente la personificación del deseo humano, este pobre deseo que, en realidad, no sabe lo que quiere, voluble y eternamente insatisfecho. Cuando, por fin, obtenemos lo que deseamos, no nos parece suficiente. "Más, quiero más", decimos. Si perdemos algo que nos vuelve la vida insoportable, de inmediato lo deseamos volver a tener como indispensable para nuestra felicidad. Así somos: pobres niños ilusos que llorábamos ayer por lo que despreciamos hoy y desearemos mañana, pobres seres engañados circulando por la vida en las alas icarianas del capricho."
Archivo Español de Arte

Archivo Español de Arte es una revista científica publicada por el Instituto Diego Velázquez del CSIC (Madrid), fundada en 1940, y dedicada a la investigación de la Historia del Arte español, y del arte extranjero en relación con el de España, desde la Edad Media hasta nuestros días. Va dirigida, preferentemente, a la comunidad científica y universitaria, tanto nacional como internacional, así como a todos los profesionales del arte en general. Su periodicidad es trimestral.​​
La revista continúa la misma línea de la antigua publicación, el Archivo Español de Arte y Arqueología (1925-37), que en 1940 se desgajó en dos revistas independientes, el Archivo Español de Arqueología y la Archivo Español de Arte.​
La maja vestida

La maja vestida (English translation: The Clothed Maja) is an oil painting on canvas created between 1800 and 1807 by the Spanish Romantic painter and printmaker Francisco Goya. It is a clothed version of the earlier La maja desnuda, which was created between 1795 and 1800. The identity of the model and that of the commissioner have not been confirmed. However, art historians and scholars have suggested she is María Cayetana de Silva or Godoy's mistress Pepita Tudó.
The paintings were never publicly exhibited during Goya's lifetime, so it is also unknown if they were created as pendant paintings, to be displayed as a pair. However, since 1901 they have been exhibited together at the Museo Nacional del Prado in Madrid. Beforehand, it was twice in the collection of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, also in Madrid, before being "sequestered" by the Spanish Inquisition between 1814 and 1836. The maja vestida and maja desnuda were both first cited in an 1808 inventory, when Godoy's assets were seized by King Ferdinand VII.
The origins of both paintings are unclear, with some sources claiming they were commissioned by the Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy for his private collection. This claim would suggest the woman in the paintings to be Pepita Tudó, the mistress of Godoy. However, Lion Feuchtwanger, a Bavarian novelist and playwright, cites in his book Goya (1951) that Godoy allegedly purchased both of the paintings from the heirs of María Cayetana de Silva, the 13th Duchess of Alba, after her death in 1802. The Duchess of Alba and Goya were rumored to have a prolonged and passionate affair after he had been commissioned to paint a portrait of the Duchess. Evidence of their affair comes from personal letters written by Goya where he states, "Now I know how it feels to live". Another piece of evidence comes from a 1797 portrait where she is wearing two rings, one inscribed 'Goya' and the other 'Alba', on her hand pointing down towards a hidden inscription at her feet that says, "Only Goya".
The first written account of the vestida dates back to an 1808 inventory of Godoy's assets after their seizure by Ferdinand VII. Frederic Quillet had been tasked by his commander, Joseph Bonaparte, to make an inventory of Godoy's private collection during the French occupation of Spain. The vestida and desnuda were categorized as the Naked Gypsy/Venus and the Clothed Gypsy/Venus. They were considered by the French ruling class to be "obscene".
Josefa de Tudó, 1st Countess of Castillo Fiel

Josefa de Tudó y Catalán, 1st Countess of Castillo Fiel, also known as Pepita Tudó (19 May 1779 – 20 September 1869) was the second wife of Spanish Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy.
It has been suggested she was the model for two paintings by Goya, La maja desnuda (The Naked Maja) and La maja vestida (The Clothed Maja).
Tudó was born in Cádiz and she was always called "Pepita", a diminutive of Josefa. Her father was a gunner named Antonio de Tudó y Alemany who died when she was young. From the age of sixteen, Pepita and her mother, Catalina Catalán y Luesia, and her sisters, Magdalena and Socorro, lived in the house of Manuel de Godoy, one of the most powerful men in Spain. By 1800, Pepita had become Godoy's mistress.
However, the Queen of Spain, María Luisa, forced Godoy to marry María Teresa de Borbón y Vallabriga, Countess of Chinchón, a marriage which was favorable to Godoy for social reasons. The marriage did not end Godoy's relationship with Pepita; in 1805, she gave birth to a son, Manuel, and in 1807, she gave birth to another son, Luis.
In 1807, under Godoy's influence, Carlos IV presented Pepita with the title of Countess of Castillo Fiel and Viscountess of Rocafuerte. When María Teresa died in November 1828, Godoy and Pepita could finally marry, even though they had secretly performed a marriage ceremony years earlier. The following year or possibly even that same December, Godoy and Pepita married. The Pope made him 1st Principe di Paserano; however, they moved to Paris in 1832 where they lived in somewhat straitened circumstances. Godoy was later given a pension by Louis Philippe I.
Later, Pepita returned to Spain in hopes of reclaiming the family properties. At ninety years old, Pepita told a reporter that Godoy knew only one true love: Queen María Luisa.
The Fundación Lázaro Galdiano in Madrid has a miniature, Portrait of Josefa Tudó Cathalán Alemani, condesa de Castillofiel, attributed to Ducker, painted around 1805.
Pepita is considered by many historians to be the model for one of Francisco de Goya's most notorious works, La maja desnuda.
The writer Ceferino Palencia wrote a play called Pepita Tudó, and casting his half-Scottish wife Isabel Oyarzábal Smith in the titular role in the 1930s.
Pepita Tudó was portrayed by Penélope Cruz in the 1999 film Volavérunt.
The Camden Town Murder

The Camden Town Murder is a title given to a group of four paintings by Walter Sickert painted in 1908. The paintings have specific titles, such as the problem picture What Shall We Do for the Rent or What Shall We Do to Pay the Rent.
The title of the group refers to the Camden Town Murder case of 1907. On 11 September Emily Dimmock, a part-time prostitute who had a partner, was murdered in her home at Agar Grove (then St Paul's Road), Camden, having gone there from The Eagle public house, Royal College Street. After sex, the man had cut her throat while she was asleep, then left in the morning. The murder became a source of prurient sensationalism in the press. For several years Sickert had been painting lugubrious female nudes on beds, and continued to do so, challenging the conventional approach to life painting—"The modern flood of representations of vacuous images dignified by the name of 'the nude' represents an artistic and intellectual bankruptcy"—giving four of them, which included a male figure, the title, The Camden Town Murder, and causing a controversy which ensured attention for his work.
The paintings do not show violence, but a sad thoughtfulness, explained by the fact that three of them were originally exhibited with completely different titles, one more appropriately being What Shall We Do for the Rent?, and the first in the series, Summer Afternoon.
Sickert's treatment of the murder can be connected with his obsession with the serial killer Jack the Ripper, who murdered five prostitutes in London 20 years earlier. Patricia Cornwell argued that Sickert himself was the Ripper, though this theory is not taken seriously by most experts, in part because Sickert was probably in France when the murders took place.
Urwibutso rwo kurwanya ruswa

Urwibutso rwo kurwanya ruswa mu Rwanda (Anti-corruption monument of Rwanda) ni urwibutso ruherereye mu kigo cy’amasezerano ya Kigali (KCC) Kigali convention Center, mu Rwanda, ni ukwemeranya politiki y’u Rwanda yo kurwanya ruswa hamwe na guverinoma ya Qatari muri 2019, cyahashyizwe ari mu gihembo cyari mpuzamahanga cy’indashyikirwa mu kurwanya ruswa. Igishushanyo gitangaje cyuru rwibutso rw'amaboko kiri inyuma y'umuhanzi wo muri Iraki witwa Ahmed Al Bahrani .
Ibyanditswe byera byerekana imikindo yagutse, bivuze ko u Rwanda ntacyo rufite cyo guhisha isi yose. Ifite imikindo ifunguye, igereranya gukorera mu mucyo no gufungura. Urwibutso rufite uburebure bwa metero 12 rugizwe na pivot hamwe n’ibihuza byerekana akamaro k’ubufatanye n’isi yose mu kurwanya ruswa.
Ihuriro rya mpandeshatu 186 rigize urwibutso ryerekana abashyize umukono ku masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye arwanya ruswa . Intego yacyo ni ugushishikariza abantu kurwanya ruswa bafite imyifatire itigera ivuga-gupfa.
Haori

A haori (羽織) is a traditional Japanese jacket worn over a kimono. Resembling a shortened kimono with no overlapping front panels (okumi), the haori typically features a thinner collar than that of a kimono, and is sewn with the addition of two thin, triangular panels at either side seam. The haori is usually tied at the front with two short cords, known as haori himo, which attach to small loops sewn inside the garment.
During the Edo period, economic growth within the wealthy but low-status merchant classes resulted in an excess of disposable income, much of which was spent on clothing. It was during this period that, due to various edicts on dress mandated by the ruling classes, merchant-class Japanese men began to wear haori with plain external designs and lavishly-decorated linings, a trend still seen in men's haori today.
During the early 1800s, geisha in the hanamachi of Fukagawa, Tokyo began to wear haori over their kimono. Haori had until that point only been worn by men; the geisha of Fukagawa, well known for their stylish and unusual fashion choices, set a trend that saw women wearing haori become commonplace by the 1930s. In modern-day Japan, haori are worn by both men and women.
Canterbury cross

The Canterbury Cross is one of the crosses that are used to symbolise the Christian faith. It is so called because it was designed after an Anglo-Saxon brooch, dating c. 850 that was found in 1867 in Canterbury, England.
The original cross, kept at the Beaney House of Art and Knowledge in Canterbury, is a bronze cruciform brooch, with triangular panels of silver, incised with a triquetra and inlaid with niello. This cross features a small square in the centre, from which extend four arms, wider on the outside, so that the arms look like triangles, symbolising the Trinity. The tips of the arms are arcs of a single circle, giving the overall effect of a round wheel.
As a stone cross is erected at Canterbury Cathedral and the crosses are sold at the souvenir shop there, the Canterbury Cross is familiar to those who made pilgrimage there. It is sometimes used as a symbol to represent the Anglican Communion. For example, in 1932, a Canterbury Cross made up of pieces of stone from Canterbury was sent to each of the Anglican diocesan cathedrals of the world as a visible symbol of the communion with Canterbury.
The cross is also used as the logo of the Anglicanorum Coetibus Society, which supports the Personal ordinariates of the Catholic Church.
Anti-corruption Monument of Rwanda

The Anti-corruption monument of Rwanda, located at Kigali Convention Center (KCC) in Rwanda, is a 12-meter tall monument built in recognition of Rwanda's anti-corruption policies. The monument was designed by Iraqi artist Ahmed Al Bahrani, built in 2019 during the International Anti-Corruption Excellence Awards, and paid for by the government of Qatar.
The sculpture depicts an extended, open palm, representing transparency and openness and implying that Rwanda has nothing to conceal from the rest of the world. The 12-meter-high monument is made up of pivots and linkages to represent the importance of worldwide alliances and collaborations in the fight against corruption. The 186 triangular joints that make up the monument reflect the signatories to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption. Its goal is to inspire individuals to fight corruption with a "never-say-die" attitude and tenacity.
1°57′20.7″S 30°5′40.1″E﻿ / ﻿1.955750°S 30.094472°E﻿ / -1.955750; 30.094472
금남여객

금남여객운수(錦南旅客運輸, 영어: Keumnam Passenger Service)는 1970년 5월 22일에 설립한 제주특별자치도의 버스 회사로 본사는 제주특별자치도 제주시 서광로 128(오라3동)에 위치해 있다. 급행버스 3개, 일반간선 5개, 제주시 간선 2개, 제주시 지선 4개, 서귀포시 지선 9개 노선을 운행하고 있다.
정방폭포

정방폭포(正房瀑布)는 대한민국 제주특별자치도 서귀포시 중심가에서 1.5km 동남쪽에 있는 폭포이다. 2008년 8월 8일 대한민국의 명승 제43호로 지정되었다.
한라산 남쪽 사면에서 발원하여 남쪽으로 흘러내리는 애이리내의 남쪽 하단에 발달한 폭포이다. 폭포수가 바다로 떨어지는 해안 폭포로, 세계적으로도 자메이카의 던리버폭포 정도만이 잘 알려져 있는 희귀한 형태의 폭포이다. 주상절리가 잘 발달한 해안 절벽에 수직으로 떨어지는 20여 미터의 물줄기가 남쪽 바다의 푸르른 해안과 어우러져 장관을 이루며, 천지연폭포, 천제연폭포 등과 함께 제주도를 대표하는 폭포로 알려져 있다.
조선 숙종 28년(1702년) 11월 5일, 제주 목사 이형상은 배를 타고 정방폭포를 둘러보았는데 이때의 일이 '정방탐승'이라는 제목으로 《탐라순력도》에 실려 있다. 그림의 부기에는 정방폭포의 길이 80여 척, 너비 5척이라고 되어 있는데, 이형상의 《남환박물》에 의하면 정방연은 정의현에서 서쪽 60리에 있으며 폭포 위에는 큰 소나무들이 있고 밑으로 바다가 있어 폭포가 바다에 곧장 떨어지는 것이 가히 제일명구라고 적고 있다.
4.3사건 당시 학살지로도 알려져 있는데, 1948년 음력 10월 24일과 11월 22일, 12월 14일, 12월 24일, 12월 28일 등 여섯 차례의 학살이 정방폭포에서 이루어진 것으로 확인된다. 1949년 1월 22일 인근 안덕면 동광리, 상창리 주민 등 80여 명이 토벌대에 의해 정방폭포 위의 담배공장에서 학살당했고, 살해된 주민들의 시체는 이곳 정방폭포 아래로 흘려 보냈다고 한다. 오멸 감독의 영화 《지슬: 끝나지 않은 세월 2》은 이때 동광리 주민 학살사건을 배경으로 다룬 영화이다.
엉또폭포

엉또폭포（翁渡瀑布）는 제주도 서귀포시 강정동에 위치한 폭포이다.
이 폭포는 약50m높이이며 평상시 건기일 경우에 물줄기가 없고 절벽처럼보이는데 이때에 이것이 폭포수가 나오는 작은 바위처럼 보인다.
엉또라는 제주도 말에서 "엉"은 작은바위라는 뜻이 , "-도"는 입구라는 뜻이있다.
엉또폭포는 천제연 제1폭포처럼 평상시에는 절벽처럼 보이고 폭포수가 없으나 우천시 많은 양의 비가 온후 물줄기가 형성되어 폭포수가 나타나 폭포가 되는 특징을 가지고 있는 건천(乾川)이다.
70mm이상의 우천후에라야 폭포수가 형성될 가능성이 있는데 이러한 이유로 폭포수의 경관을 접하기가 쉽지않다.
제주특별자치도의 시내버스 노선 목록

제주특별자치도의 시내버스 노선 목록 페이지는 제주시와 서귀포시 면허의 각 시내버스 노선의 운행 구간과 이들 노선의 간략한 특징을 담고 있다.
전일과 주말만 운행하는 3001번, 3007번, 3008번 등을 제외한 모든 노선이 평일에만 운행한다.
천지동

천지동(天地洞)은 대한민국 제주특별자치도 서귀포시의 행정동이다. 법정동 서귀동 일부, 서홍동 일부를 관할한다. 면적은 1.39km이며, 인구는 2011년 3월 31일을 기준으로 1,862세대, 3,889명이다.
천지동은 천지연폭포에서 왔으며, 년 200만명의 관광객이 찾고 있는 제주의 유명 관광지이고 남성리 해안변은 외돌개 및 섶섬, 문섬, 범섬, 새섬 등 많은 볼거리가 있다.
1981년 시제 실시 이전까지 서귀읍 서귀 2리와 서홍 2리로 불리어 오던 2개 마을이 1981년 7월 1일 서귀포시 승격과 동시에 서귀동, 서홍동(남성동)으로 변경되었으며, 이 두 개의 법정동을 합쳐 서귀포 서부 관문에 위치한 오늘의 천지동이 되었다.