davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Dimitar Rachkov

Dimitar Minkov Rachkov (Bulgarian: Димитър Рачков, 18 September 1972, Burgas, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian actor and television host, including on the show Gospodari Na Efira (Lords of the Air).
He graduated from the National Academy in 1995 in the class of Prof. E. Gurova Professor Pl. Markov. He has worked in Sliven DT, DT Varna LBT "Off the Channel" and from 1998 he was in the troupe of the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, which he left in 2009. He became known for his roles in the show UFO Club (spoken "Klub NLO", in Bulgarian "Клуб НЛО"). He is currently the host of TV show "Lords of the Air" and is the voice of Uncle Brother ("Bay Bradar"), whose speech makes Bourgas image more colorful. He also starred in Full Madhouse (spoken "Pulna Ludnitsa", in Bulgarian "Пълна лудница") and presents images such as: Nicky Punchev (Nicky Kanchev) and himself in Show of Pachkov(In Bulgarian "Шоуто на Пачков") as well as characters from Sakaz "(a parody of Turkish Series "Gumus" - in English "Pearl") - Rachkur and Shmarkan, where he starred with Maria Ignatova.
Arcada Theater Building

The Arcada Theatre Building is a theater in St. Charles, Illinois, located on Main Street (which becomes North Avenue (Chicago) further eastward). The theatre was opened on Labor Day, September 6, 1926, engaging projection of silent movies and the staging of live vaudeville acts. Except for brief periods of renovation, it has remained continuously open. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Arcada Theatre was built in 1926 by local millionaires Dellora A. and Lester J. Norris. Mr. Norris, a commercial artist and Chicago Tribune cartoonist, designed the interior of the Arcada. The exterior, designed by Elmer Behrns, is as a prime example of the Spanish Colonial Revival Style. Behrns also designed The Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois,
The new theatre was a $500,000 example of the Norris family's confidence in the future of St. Charles. With only 5,000 residents in the town, more than 1,009 seats were installed.
Upon the Arcada's grand opening, the public came in such large numbers that hundreds were unable to gain entrance. Chicagoans arrived by a special railway car to see the featured film "The Last Frontier" and the Vaudeville acts of Fibber McGee and Molly. Patrons also heard a recital on the famous $25,000 Marr and Colton pipe organ, later enlarged (1928-29) by the local Geneva Organ Company with an art deco silver and red console, adorned with carved herons, native to the Fox River Valley.
The Arcada became known as one of the outstanding Vaudeville houses in the Fox River Valley. Many legendary stars have graced the stage, including George Burns and Gracie Allen, Judy Garland, Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy, Olivia de Havilland, the John Philip Sousa Band, Liberace, Mitzi Gaynor, Cornelia Otis Skinner, Vincent Price, Carol Channing, Jeanette MacDonald, Walter Slezak and the Von Trapp Family Singers.
In May 2005, Ron Onesti, president of The Onesti Entertainment Corporation (OEC), assumed ownership of its operations only. He does not own the Arcada Theatre building. Making use of its standing as a producer of entertainment shows in the United States, the OEC brought marquee performances typical of major city downtowns to the far western suburbs of Chicago.
Today, the Arcada Theatre is an 897-seat venue featuring its original pipe organ that rises from within the stage floor. Among other notable performers, The B-52's, 38 Special, Poi Dog Pondering, Sophia Loren, Mickey Rooney, Shirley MacLaine, Jerry Lewis, Frank Sinatra Jr. (2015), Dionne Warwick, Joan Rivers, Paul Anka, Kenny Rogers, Pat Benatar, Three Dog Night, Petula Clark (2017), Wayne Newton, Frankie Avalon, Dana Carvey (2012), Molly Ringwald (2013), Corey Feldman (2017), Scott Weiland (2015), Fastball (2021), Rich Little, Eric Burdon, Gladys Knight (2022), Howie Mandel, The Lettermen, and Martin Short have been recent headliners. The theatre also functions a resource for community groups and local performers when not occupied by mainliner events.
Comedian Andrew Dice Clay recorded his Showtime special "Indestructible" at the theater in August 2012.
Petrus van Schendel

Petrus van Schendel (1806-1870) was a Dutch-Belgian genre painter in the Romantic style who specialized in nighttime scenes, lit by lamps or candles. This led to him being known as "Monsieur Chandelle".
On the advice of a family friend, who was a retired army officer, his father sent him to study at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp. He studied there from 1822 to 1828 with the history painter Mattheus Ignatius van Bree, and received a gold medal for "Perspective" upon graduating.
He made a name as a portrait painter and moved frequently, living in Breda (1828-1829), Amsterdam (1830-1832), Rotterdam (1832-1838), and The Hague (1838-1845). He was a regular participant in the Exhibition of Living Masters and the various "Triennial Salons" of Antwerp, Brussels and Ghent. In 1834, he was named a member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Amsterdam.
In 1845, he settled permanently in Brussels. His studio there was divided into a well-lighted space where he actually painted, and a darkened space where his models posed. He won several medals at expositions in Paris and London during the late 1840s. Some of his works were bought by King Leopold I. He also published course books on perspective and facial expression.
He painted Biblical scenes and landscapes, lit by the moon, as well as his genre works and traditional portraits. Many of his paintings were also done as ink wash drawings and made into woodcuts. In 1869, he created a few experimental paintings lit by electric arc lamps.
In addition to his art, he was interested in the mechanics of steam engines and, in 1841, patented a device for improving the blades on steamships. He also devised suggestions for improving the lateral stability of railroad cars and reclaiming the moorlands in De Kempen.
He was married three times and had fifteen children; thirteen by his first wife, Elisabeth, who died in 1850.
Chudnite Skali

Chudnite Skali (Bulgarian: Чудните скали, lit. the Wonderful Rocks) are a rock formation in eastern Bulgaria, declared a natural landmark on 17 February 1949 with a territory of 12.5 ha or 0.12 km.
Chudnite Skali are located at an altitude of 170 m in the eastern Balkan Mountains on the boundary with the fore-Balkan, lying some 4 km south of the village of Asparuhovo in Dalgopol Municipality of Varna Province. They rise over the right banks of the river Luda Kamchiya in the upper part of the Tsonevo Reservoir.
Chudnite Skali are a group of three rock massifs in the shape of tower-like needles with a height ranging between 15 and 40–50 m. They were formed as a result of wind erosion and the effects of the river water on the soft Paleocene limestone foundation. The rocks are micritic limestones with many flint concretions that give the outcrops a pitted appearance. The colour is light grey. There are a number of caves, crevasses and outcrops in the vicinity providing habitat for many plant and animal species, including birds of prey.
The formation is easily accessible with three tunnels of a small branch off the third class III-208 road Vetrino–Dalgopol–Aytos dug underneath the very rocks, linking the nearby villages of Asparuhovo and Dobromir. Across Chudnite skali is the bridge of railway line No. 3 Sofia–Karlovo–Varna over the reservoir.
Chiren (village)

Chiren (Bulgarian: Чирен) is a village located in northwestern Bulgaria. It is a part of Vratsa Municipality, Vratsa Province.
The village is located approximately 15 kilometers to the north of town of Vratsa. Chiren is popular with places "Bojia most" (Bulgarian: Божия мост 'God's bridge') and "Tigancheto" (Bulgarian: Тиганчето 'little frying pan'). These places are natural forms carved by the rivers. The other natural landmark in this area is the cave "Ponora" (Bulgarian: Понора).
Chiren Heights in Graham Land, Antarctica are named after the village.
Големи африкански езера

Големите африкански езера, също Велики африкански езера, (на суахили: Maziwa Makuu) са група езера в и около Източноафриканската рифтова зона, образувани от движението на Източно-африканската тектонска плоча.
Най-големите измежду 7-те езера са Виктория – второто най-голямо сладководно езеро в света, и Танганика – второто най-голямо езеро в света по количество вода и второто най-дълбоко езеро в света.
Регионът на Големите африкански езера се състои от държавите около тях: Бурунди, ДР Конго, Кения, Руанда, Танзания и Уганда. Суахили е най-разпространеният език в региона. Поради голямата гъстота на населението от 107 милиона души и селскостопанския излишък в региона, районът е организиран в брой по-малки щати.
Високите части са относително хладни, със средните температури, вариращи между 17 и 19 °C, и с изобилни валежи. Големи водосборни басейни са тези на реките Конго, Нил и Замбези, които се оттичат в Атлантическия океан, Средиземно море и Индийския океан съответно.
Планините доминират в ниските части на река Конго, докато полетата и саваните се срещат най-често в южните и източните възвишения. Средните температури в ниските части са около 35 °C. Кратък дъждовен сезон през октомври бива следван от по-дълъг от април до май.
Езерата са сладководни и дом на много голям брой ендемични видове. Над 1500 цихлидни видове риба живеят в езерата. Езерата също представляват важен хабитат за ред земноводни. От бозайниците се срещат слонове, горили и хипопотами.
Първите европейци които са пристигнали в този район са били мисионерите. Те усилено се опитвали да променят религията на местните жители, но заедно с това, донесли и много от болестите които са бушували в Европа по това време. Като резултат, повече от 60% от местните жители и голяма част от добитъка загубили живота си. Този регион не възвърнал оригиналното си население чак до 50-те години на XX век. Видян като регион с големи потенциали след независимост, източна Африка е помрачена от гражданска война и мизерия, от която само Танзания се е отървала.
Рабишка могила

Рабишка могила (до 29 юни 1942 г. Магура) е изолирана височина в Северозападна България, Западния Предбалкан, област Видин.
Изолираната височина Рабишка се издига в най-западната част на Западния Предбалкан и е разположена южно от Рабишкото езеро. Издига се изразително над съседните равнинни околности на повече от 270 м. По северното ѝ подножие преминава условната граница между Западната Дунавска равнина и Западния Предбалкан.
Дължината на възвишението от запад на изток е около 3 км, а ширината му – 0,7 – 0,8 км. Максимална височина е връх Магура (460,9 м), разположен в средната му част. Склоновете му са скалисти, стръмни и са изградени от горноюрски и долнокредни, дълбоко окарстени варовици. Покрито е с редки храсталаци и ксерофитна тревна растителност. Южният склон, който е по-полегат е зает от лозови насаждения.
В непосредствена близост на север от възвишението се намира Рабишкото езеро, което предлага идеални условия за рекреационна дейност, а на южното подножие, на 2,7 км северозападно от село Рабиша се намира една от най-красивите български пещери – Магурата.
Мидия (Турция)

Мидия (на турски: Kıyıköy, Къйъкьой, старо: Midye, Midieh, на гръцки: Μήδεια, Мидия) е градче в Лозенградския вилает (Къркларели), Източна Тракия, Турция. Има население от 2248 души според преброяването от 2000 г.
Градчето е разположено на брега на Черно море и има малък плаж. Край града има гъсти (главно дъбови) гори, от юг и от север е заобиколен от реките Казан дере и Пабуч дере, вливащи се в морето и подходящи за риболов, плаване с лодки и плуване.
На 18 км южно покрай Черно море се намира природен резерват „Залив Касатура“, подслонил девствени гори и плаж. В резервата е единствената горичка от черен бор в Европейска Турция (Pinus nigra). Жителите на града се препитават главно от риболов и горско стопанство, както и от туризъм през лятото.
Мидия е основана в Античността от гръцки колонисти под името Салмидес.
В началото на 20 век Мидия е гръцко градче. Според статистиката на професор Любомир Милетич през 1912 година в града живеят 300 гръцки семейства.
При избухването на Балканската война в 1912 година един човек е доброволец в Македоно-одринското опълчение. През войната Мидия е превзет от българската армия. Градът става крайна точка на линията Мидия - Енос – територията, която според Лондонския мирен договор Османската империя отстъпва на страните от Балканския съюз. Гръцкото население на Мидия е изселено през 1920-те години.
Мидия става община през 1987 година.
На Мидия е наречена улица в квартал „Стрелбище“ в София (Карта).
Каяк

Каякът е малък, лек, относително тесен плавателен съд. Задвижва се от човешка сила с помощта на едно двулопатково гребло. Каякът може да е едноместен, двуместен и дори четириместен. Дисциплината кану-каяк е официално признат олимпийски спорт от 1936 г.
Каяците първоначално се използват от ескимосите, които ги изработват като съшиват и надяват кожа на дърво или скелет на кит (кост). С тях те ловуват. Съвременният каяк се използва за воден туризъм и в зависимост от конструкцията си може да се използва в бурни реки (гребен слалом), езера (водно родео) или морета (експедиции, воден туризъм).
Предпочитаният материал за изработка е пластмасата, защото каякът трябва да е лек и маневрен, но се изработват и от дърво, карбон, кевлар и други материали с цел подобряване плаваемостта на каяка.
Каяците са приспособени за военни нужди по време на Втората световна война. В днешни времена каяка се използва за спортни състезания.
Арда (село)

Арда (старо име: Арда баше) е село в Южна България. То се намира в община Смолян, област Смолян. Село Арда е разположено в малка, но живописна долина в горното течение на река Арда. Трудно може да се издири откъде се е взело името на село Арда. Най-старото сведение е от втората половина на 17 в., когато то се е наричало ”Арда-башъ”, което означава „глава“, началото на река Арда. Преданието говори, че в миналото е било курортно селище на знатни люде от Беломорието. Оттук са минавали два основни пътя – към Беломорието и Чечките села. В селото има кметство, основно училище, детска градина, здравна служба с лекар, фелдшер и стоматолог, читалище, информационен център, църква и джамия. До 1947 г. в селото е имало действаща митница.
В района на кметството и съставните села пътищата са асфалтирани и има покритите на мобилните оператори.
В последните десет години се развива селският туризъм. В селото има частен музей в Маджаровата къща, която е на повече от 150 години. За величествения планински връх Ком, извисил снага над Арда, се разказват много легенди и предания. На върха е открито древно светилище. Няма човек, който е изкачил върха, да не е категоричен, че мястото е заредено с особена енергия. На разположение на туристите са три частни хотела и шест къщи за почивка. Туристически пътеки водят към изворите на река Арда, връх Ком, Лъджата и Светилището.
През цялата година на туристите се предлагат прекрасни възможности за вело или конен туризъм, ски влек. Една от атракциите е преминаването по въжения парк „Градината на Тарзан“. На една от скалите до църквата се практикува скално катерене.
Селото е разположено на 30 км южно от Смолян. Махалите на Арда са Сердарска, Вълчовска, Пазарска, Самарджийска, палоска.
В османски поименен регистър от 1841 година се посочва, че от Арда (Арда баше) са постъпили в армията 13 войници, което е косвено доказателство, че по това време в селото са живели ахряни мюсюлмани. Към 1912 – 1913 година броят на българите мюсюлмани, живеещи в Арда (Ардабаши) е 200.
При избухването на Балканската война в 1912 година четирима души от Арда са доброволци в Македоно-одринското опълчение.
В селото има черква и джамия. Българи християни и мюсюлмани живеят в разбирателство.
Черквата в селото е посветена на Свети Николай Мирликийски Чудотворец и е построена през 1874 година. Селото е част от Пловдивска епархия на Българската православна църква.
Всяка година лятото около Илинден се провежда селският събор, все там...горе на „салажа“ под паметника. Всяка година на Тодоровден се организират празнични игри и кушии. Май месец е месецът на юбилярите и празникът „Предой“. Август месец се провежда традиционният празник на Арда и арденските родове и Българо-гръцки събор.
През 1991 г. е изработен герб на селото от проф. Димитър Серезлиев. От 2012 г. Арда вече си има и знаме.
В близост до село Арда, през село Гудевица и махала лагон (родното място на Валя Балканска) се стига до изворите на една от най-големите български реки Арда.
В село Гудевица до старата църква, строена през 1882 година, се намира и сградата на Народно Читалище „Бъдеще сега“ приемник на старото „Пробуда“ основано през 1931 година.
Лъгадинско езеро

Лъгадинското, още Айвасилското или Василското езеро (на гръцки: Λίμνη Κορώνεια, Лимни Корония, Λίμνη Λαγκαδά, Лимни Лангада или Λίμνη Αγίου Βασιλείου, Лимни Агиу Василиу), е езеро в Егейска Македония, Гърция.
Езерото е разположено на 10 километра североизточно от Солун (Тесалоники) в котловина между планините Богданска (Вертискос) от север и Хортач (Хортиатис) от юг. Два природни канала го свързват със съседното от изток Бешичко езеро (Волви), с което образуват обща екосистема. Имената на езерото произлизат от град Лъгадина (Лангаза) разположен на север от него или от село Агиос Василиос (Свети Васили или Айвасил), разположено на южния бряг.
В седемдесетте години езерната площ е 46,2 км², а дълбочината му – 8 метра. В следващите 20 години обемът на езерото критично се смалява и в 1995 година Лъгадинското езеро вече е с площ от 30 км² и дълбочина от 1 метър. През 2002 година е цялостно пресушено, а в 2003 частично възстановено с максимална дълбочина 0,9 метра. В езерото се развъжда цианобактерията Prymnesium parvum, която води до масова смърт на птици и риба. След изработването на план за справяне с екологическата катастрофа и неговата реализация, в 2004 езерната площ е 34,39 km².
Езерото е плитко, с ниско количество на кислород във водата лятно време.
Езерото, заедно със съседното Бешичко езеро, са записани в Рамсарската конвенция в 1974 година и са част от мрежата защитени зони Натура 2000 (1220001 и 1220009), като също така са обявени за орнитологично важни места (032).
Петърско езеро

Петърското езеро (на гръцки: Λίμνη Πετρών, Лимни Петро̀н, старо Πετέρσκο ) е езеро в Егейска Македония, Северна Гърция.
Езерото е разположено на територията на дем Суровичево (Аминдео) в крайната северна част на котловината Саръгьол между две разклонения на планината Малка Нидже на надморска височина от 570 метра. Площта му е около 12 квадратни километра, а максималната дълбочина - 3 метра. Езерото е свързано със Суровичката река (Рема Аминда) със съседното Руднишко езеро (Химадитида), от което получава вода, а то на свой ред се оттича в разположеното на изток Островско езеро (Вегоритида).
На западния бряг на езерото е разположено село Петърско, днес Петрес, а близо до югозападния - град Суровичево (Аминдео).
Петърското и Островското езеро образуват обща екосистема, в която има над 130 видове птици, много от които застрашени, много видове бозайници като видри и уникални видове риби като Coregonus Lavaretus. Само в Петърското езеро птичите видове са над 90, някои от които мога да бъдат открити само тук, като лагоната (Phalacrocorax carbo и Phalacrocorax pygmaeus).
В 1977 година Петърското езеро е обявено за място със специална природна красота. Езерото заедно със съседното Островско езеро е включено в мрежата от защитени територии Натура 2000 (1340004) и двете езера са определени като орнитологично важни места (045).
Преспанско езеро

Преспанското езеро или Голямо Преспанско езеро (на македонска литературна норма: (Големо) Преспанско Езеро; на албански: Liqeni i Prespës; на гръцки: Λίμνη Μεγάλη Πρέσπα) е езеро в Северна Македония, Гърция и Албания и е второто по големина езеро в географската област Македония. Както и Охридското, то се намира в югозападната част на Македония и е отделено от него с планината Галичица. Нарича се и Голямо Преспанско езеро, за да се различава от Малкото Преспанско езеро, което се намира в Гърция и отчасти в Албания. Разположено е в междупланинска тектонска котловина на 853 m н.в. Поради колебанията на нивото общата му площ варира – между 274,03 и 275,40 km, а максималната му дълбочина е 54 m. Северните и източните му брегове са полегати и слабо разчленени, а южните и западните – стръмни и с дълбоки заливи. От юг в него се влива къс (1 km) приток, изтичащ от плиткото Малко Преспанско езеро. Преспанското езеро е основен водоизточник за подхранване на Охридското езеро, като водите му чрез подземни канали под планината Галичица се оттичат в разположеното на 16 km на северозапад и лежащо на 158 m по-ниско Охридско езеро и постъпват в него в района на манастира „Свети Наум“. В езерото се намират два острова – Голем град в Северна Македония и Мал град в Албания. Ежегодните колебания на нивото му са 1,5 – 2 m.
Районът около Преспанското езеро е известен като Преспа, чийто център е град Ресен. В македонската част на брега на езерото се намират няколко курорта – Отешево, Крани, Претор, Асамати и други.
Най-разпространените риби в езерото са блескачът (уклей, белица, Alburnus alburnus), наричан нивичка, и скобарът (Chondrostoma nasus prespensis), наричан скобуст.
Преспанското езеро е включено в границите на Санстефанска България през 1878 година.
VSB-30

VSB-30 е бразилска експериментална ракета, която замени ракетата Скайларк на Есрейндж. VSB-30 може да носи до 407 кг на височина 260 км. При излитане генерира 102 kN и има обща маса 2657 кг. Диаметърът ѝ е 0,58 метра, а дължината ѝ 12,8 метра.
Хелзинкско метро

Хелзинкското метро (на фински: Helsingin metro; на шведски: Helsingfors metro) е открито на 2 август 1982 г. То е най-северният метрополитен в света. Обслужва се от компанията HKL („Хелзинкски градски транспорт“).
От 18 ноември 2017 г. включва 1 линия (с две разклонения) с 30 станции на нея, като общата ѝ дължина възлиза на 43 km.
Метрото обслужва предимно плътно застроените квартали на източно Хелзинки. Системата се допълва от вътрешноградски и крайградски жп линии, които правят връзка с други райони на града.
През септември 1955 г. властите осъзнават нуждата от изграждане на метро. За целта е създаден специален строителен комитет. Първият проект е готов през 1963 г. и включва в себе си линии с дължина 86,5 km и 108 станции. По-късно е решено да се построи само една линия между станциите „Кампи“ и „Пуотила“.
Строителството започва на 7 май 1969 г. През 1971 г. завършва строителството на опитния участък „Роихупелто“ – „Херттониеми“, а през 1977 г. линията е завършена. Поради различни обстоятелства обаче, тя влиза в експлоатация едва през 1982 г. Свободният достъп на граждани е отворен на 1 юни, но официалното откриване става на 2 август.
Първоначално метрото наброява само 6 станции (от „Раутатиентори“ до „Итякескус“). По-късно са построени още 12 станции, а след продължението до град Еспоо станциите стават общо 25.
Polezhanski Lakes

Polezhanski Lakes (Bulgarian: Полежански езера) are a group of two glacial lakes situated in the northern part of the Pirin mountain range in southwestern Bulgaria. They are located in the Southern Polezhan cirque between the summits of Polezhan (2,851 m) to the north and Dzhengal (2,730 m) to the south. They are located in the Pirin National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The lakes drain into the northwesternmost of the larger Popovi Lakes group, forming the headwaters of the river Retizhe, a right tributary of the Mesta.
The Upper Polezhan Lake is situated at an altitude of 2,710 m at about 200 m southwest of Polezhan. It has elliptical shape, with length of 60 m, width of 50 m and area of 2,200 m. It is considered by many sources to be the highest lake in Pirin, Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula. However, according to the large-scale topographic map of Bulgaria 1:5000 the lake is at 2,705.6 m, making the Icy Lake of the Musala Lakes in the Rila mountain range the highest in Bulgaria and the Balkans.
The Lower Polezhan Lake is at an altitude of 2,466 m at 600 m southeast of the upper lake. It is larger, with elongated shape, length of 160 m, width of 100 m and area of 11,800 m.
There is also a small non-permanent lake between the upper and the lower lake at an altitude of 2,650 m, which dries out in summer.
Marichini Lakes

Marichini Lakes (Bulgarian: Маричини езера) are a group of four glacial lakes situated in the eastern part of Rila mountain range of southwestern Bulgaria at an altitude between 2,301 m and 2,508 m. They are situated in the Marichin cirque between the summits of Blizantsite (2,779 m) to the west, Marishki Chal (2,765 m) to the south and Mancho (2,771 m) to the southeast. They are the source of the Tiha Maritsa, one of the two main stems of one of the longest rivers in the Balkans, the Maritsa. Two of the lakes are permanent; the other two dry up in summer.
The first lake is the highest, situated at an altitude of 2,508 m in a small cirque in the northern foothills of Marishki Chal. It is of variable area and dries up in summer. The second lake is located at 300 m to the northeast of the first one at an altitude of 2,374 m. It is the largest and deepest in the group with an area of 2.2 ha, length of 240 m, width of 140 m and depth of 11 m. In its south corner flows a small stream from the first lake and from its north corner flows the Tiha Maritsa. The third lake is located at 130 m to the north of the second at an altitude of 2,367 m. Its shape is roughly triangular; it has an area of 1.1 ha and depth of 5 m. The Tiha Maritsa flows in from the south and flows out to the north. The fourth lake is situated at 800 m from the third at an altitude of 2,301 m; it dries up in summer.
The area around the lakes falls in the alpine zone of the mountain range with glacial landforms and alpine climate. The vegetation consists mainly of scrubs and meadows, with smaller area of coniferous forests; there are rare and endemic species, including significant populations of Rila primrose (Primula deorum) which is restricted to Rila. The area around the lakes is inhabited by chamois and brown bears. To protect the habitats and the wildlife, the Marichini Lakes Reserve was declared in 1951 with a total area of 1,500 ha. In 1992, it was absorbed in the larger Central Rila Reserve.
Malokamenishki Lakes

Malokamenishki Lakes (Bulgarian: Малокаменишки езера), also known as Belemetski Lakes (Белеметски езера), are a group of 34 glacial lakes situated southwest of the main ridge of Pirin mountain range in Bulgaria. They are the source area of the river Mozgovitsa, one of the tributaries of the Sandanska Bistritsa of the Struma river basin. The lake group is located in the Belemeto cirque, flanked by the main mountain ridge and the secondary ridges of Kamenitsa and Mozgovitsa, crowned by the summits of Kamenitsa Peak (2,822 m), Kralev Dvor (2,680 m), Momin Dvor (2,723 m) and Valyavishki Chukar (2,664 m).
Malokamenishki Lakes are among the largest lake groups in Pirin by number. They are situated at altitudes between 2,537 m and 2,190 m. Two of the lakes have an area of over 10,000 m, seven between 1,000 and 10,000 m and the rest under 1,000 m. Most of them are swallow and dry out in summer. The highest eleven lakes are scattered in the folds of the Belemeto cirque centered around the eight lake, Tevnoto. Most of them have unreliable water flow and an area under 1,000 m.
Tevnoto Lake is the largest and northernmost of the group, located in the immediate vicinity of the summits of Momin Dvor and Valyavishki Chukar. It has an elongated curved shape slightly resembling a kidney. Reaching length of 487 m, width of 220 m and area of 62,490 m, it is the eight largest lake in the mountain range and largest one in Bulgaria above 2,500 m. Its exact altitude is 2,519 m, which makes it the sixteenth highest lake in Pirin. The depth is 3.9 m; the water volume is 116,570 m. The homonymous Tevno Ezero shelter is situated near the out-flowing stream to the south. Its natural beauty and majestic surroundings of rugged peaks make it a popular tourist destination.
Lakes twelve to twenty-three are located along the southern slope of Belemeto at the foothills of the summit of Kamenitsa. The largest are lakes 12, 13, 15, 17 and 22. They are heterogeneous in character. Some have a non-permanent water flow, most are marshy, with sloping grass banks. An exception is lake 22 on the northern slopes of Kamenitsa at an altitude of 2375 m, which is the second largest in the lake group with an area of 13,950 m, maximum depth of 2.3 m and a volume of 11,500 m. It has rocky shores and rocky bottom.
Lakes twenty-four to thirty-four are located in the Mozgovitsa area at an altitude below 2,230 m. Most of them are remnants of an already filled larger lake. Most are very small, under 1,000 m. There are also several lakes that have disappeared with time.
Kremenski Lakes

Kremenski Lakes (Bulgarian: Кременски езера) are a glacial lake group in the Pirin mountain range, southwestern Bulgaria. They are located in the Pirin National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The group consists of nine lakes, seven permanent and two drying, in the narrow salient Kremenski cirque. Kremenski Lakes are surrounded by the summits of Sivria (2,591 m) to the northwest and Dzhano (2,668 m) to the southeast, as well as the Kremenski ridge which ends with Kremenski peak (2,503 m). They drain into the river Retizhe, a right tributary of the Mesta.
Kremenski Lakes is the largest lake group in Pirin, with a total area of 196,000 m and a combined volume of 1,560,000 m. Two of the lakes are the second and the fourth largest by area, as well as third and fifth by depth in the mountain range.
The Icy Lake is the uppermost at an altitude of 2,359 m. It is small round-shaped with length of 120 m, width of 110 m and area of 10,000 m. The next two lakes are the largest.
The Upper Kremen Lake is located 700 m south-southwest of the summit of Sivria at an altitude of 2,357 m. The lake has length of 335 m, width of 270 m, with an area varying between 66,100 m and 70,000 m. It is 13.9 m deep and a considerable volume of water estimated at 478,000 m.
The Lower Kremen Lake is located 725 m east of Sivria at an altitude of 2,306 m and is the largest in the group and the second largest in Pirin, after the Popovo Lake. The lake has elongated shape with length of 500 m and width of 275 m. The area is between 98,000 m and 100,000 m. Reaching depth of 27 m, it is the third deepest in the mountain range, following Popovo Lake and the Tevno Vasilashko Lake. Its water volume is 1,000,000 m.
Further downhill there are six more small lakes, some of them larger than the Icy Lake, that are poorly researched. Two of them dry out in summer.
The main tourist routes in the area circumvent the Kremenski cirque and its lakes, which make them relatively less known to tourists. The lakes are most easily reached from the valley of the river Retizhe and the summit of Dzhano. There are two trails from there, both leading to the two lowermost Kremenski Lakes at an altitude of 2,140 m.
Canoeing at the Summer Olympics

Canoeing has been featured as competition sports in the Summer Olympic Games since the 1936 Games in Berlin, and they were also demonstration sports at the 1924 Games in Paris. There are two disciplines of canoeing in Olympic competition: slalom and sprint.
Two styles of boats are used in this sport: canoes with 1 or 2 canoers and kayaks with 1, 2 or 4 kayakers. This leads to the name designation of each event. For example, "C-1" is a canoe singles event and "K-2" is a kayak doubles event. '"KX-1" denotes kayak cross. Races are usually 500 metres or 1000 metres long, although there were also 10 km events from 1936 to 1956. On 13 August 2009, it was announced by the International Canoe Federation that the men's 500 m events would be replaced at the 2012 Summer Olympics by 200 m events with one of them being K-1 200 m for the women. The other events for men at 200 m will be C-1, K-1, and K-2. This was confirmed at their 2009 Board of Directors meeting in Windsor, Berkshire, Great Britain on 5 December 2009. Kayak cross was introduced in the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Canoeing was demonstration sport Canoeing events not held Olympic Games not held
Source: Last updated after the 2024 Paris Olympics
Source: Last updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics
Updated after 2024
Andrian Dushev

Andrian Pavlov Dushev (Bulgarian: Андриан Павлов Душев; born June 6, 1970) is a Bulgarian sprint canoer who competed from the 1989 to 2000.
Republican champion many times during his career he was first called up to the national team of Bulgaria in 1989. In the same year he became a consultant at the “Levsky”-Sofia Sports Club (Canoe-Kayak).
Between 1989 and 2000 Dushev was also part of the K-4 Bulgarian crew at the European and World Championships.
He was named as one of the ten best kayak sprinters of Bulgaria in the 20th century. He has received many awards from the President of the Republic of Bulgaria and is a winner of a medal for Olympic service awarded by the Bulgarian Olympic Committee.
Delyana Dacheva

Delyana Dacheva (Bulgarian: Деляна Дачева) (born February 25, 1982) is a Bulgarian sprint canoer who competed in the early to mid-2000s. She won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-2 500 m: 2003) and a bronze (K-2 200 m: 2002).
Dacheva also finished sixth in the K-2 500 m event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
In the period 2008 - 2009 Dacheva was invited to become a coach of the USA women's kayak national team. She took the team to 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships competition.
Currently Delyana lives with her family in USA.She has hyphenated her name: Dacheva-Andonov after her husband.
Petar Karadzhov

Peter Karadzhov (Bulgarian: Петър Караджов) (born March 29, 1975) is a Bulgarian sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1990s. He finished eighth in the K-4 1000 m event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
He competed in Bulgaria and then competed in Canada. Petar Karadjov began kayaking at the age of 11 in Sofia.
In 1996, he participated at his first Olympic Games with his 3 other teammates in Kayak K-4. Bulgaria came 8th out of 9 in the 1000m race 4K.
Rusalka, Bulgaria

Rusalka (Bulgarian: Русалка, "mermaid"; also Russalka and Roussalka) is a seaside resort on the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast located in Dobrich Province, northeastern Bulgaria (the historical region of Southern Dobruja). It is located in a nature reserve in a bay 90 km northeast of Varna and 23 km from Shabla, surrounded by oak forests.
The whole resort is an all-inclusive area of 600 luxurious one-storey houses. It is a favoured place for foreign tourists, in the 2000s mainly from Germany, although in the 1990s it was a French-dominated area.
Rusalka offers 10 hard tennis courts and 5 clay ones, making it an appropriate destination for tennis fans, as well as a small football pitch and a volleyball court. Other sports that can be practised are archery, horse riding, yachting, kayaking, scuba diving, etc. The resort also has an open-air mineral-water swimming pool with water jets. Many islets and rocks lie just off the beach.
Attractions in the vicinity include the Yaylata and Kaliakra nature and history reserves.
43°25′N 28°30′E﻿ / ﻿43.417°N 28.500°E﻿ / 43.417; 28.500
Prevalski Lakes

Prevalski Lakes (Bulgarian: Превалски езера) are a group of four glacial lakes situated in the northern part of the Pirin mountain range, southwestern Bulgaria. They are located in the Prevalski cirque between the summits of Valyavishki Chukar (2,664 m) in the southeast and Prevalski Chukar (2,605 m) in the northwest, and the saddles of Mozgovishka Porta in the south and Prevala in the west. The lakes form the uppermost part of the Demyanitsa river valley. It is located in the Pirin National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The first lake is the uppermost at an altitude of 2,394 m and the smallest in area, reaching 1,100 m. It drains underground to the second lake.
The second lake at an altitude of 2,312 m is located at 150 m to the north of the first one and at 700 m to the northwest of Valyavishki Chukar. It is the largest in the group, with surface area and volume larger than the other three combined. It has length of 265 m, width of 105 m, depth of 5.2 m and area of 62,490 m. The water volume is 54,000 m.
The third lake is located at an altitude of 2,330 m at about 200 m to the northwest of the second lake. It is smaller, with length of 150 m, width of 63 m and depth of 1.7 m. The water volume is 3,960 m.
Both the second and the third lake drain to the fourth lake at an altitude of 2,318 m through short torrential streams. That lake is very small and shallow and is the source of the river Valyavitsa, a left tributary of the Demyanitsa of the Mesta river basin.
There are several trails in the vicinity of the lake group, including the trail from the town of Bansko and Demyanitsa refuge to Begovitsa refuge, and the trail from Vihren refuge to Tevno Lake. The Prevala saddle is the starting point of a trail leading to the Chairski Lakes and the Bashliytsa locality.
AIDA International

Association Internationale pour le Développement de l'Apnée (AIDA) (English: International Association for the Development of Apnea) is a worldwide rule- and record-keeping body for competitive breath holding events, also known as freediving. It sets standards for safety, comparability of Official World Record attempts and freedive education. AIDA International is the parent organization for national clubs of the same name. AIDA World Championships are periodically held.
AIDA was founded on November 2, 1992, in Nice, France, by Frenchmen Roland Specker, Loïc Leferme and Claude Chapuis, with Specker as its first president. The AIDA Competitions started to take form in 1993. National clubs begin to form over all Europe in 1994–1995. AIDA became AIDA International in 1999.
History of AIDA World Championships:
AIDA has a star system for grading its freediving certifications:
Freedive certifications
Speciality certifications
AIDA has 3 levels of Instructor qualifications and certifications:
Instructor certifications
AIDA recognized world records as of March 28, 2022.
The AIDA recognized pool disciplines are static apnea (STA) and three separate dynamic apnea disciplines. Dynamic With Fins (DYN) which is done with monofins usually but bifins are also allowed, Dynamic With Bifins (DYNB) which uses bifins, and Dynamic Without Fins (DNF) does not allow fins to be used and divers usually use breast strokes and wall-kicks for propulsions.
Priseltsi

Priseltsi - Burgas Province (Bulgarian: Приселци) is a village in South- East Bulgaria, situated in Obshtina Nessebar, in the Burgas region.
Priseltsi is an 8km/10 minute drive from the town of Obzor, a seaside town with much development in progress. It is known for its clean fresh air, rural freedom, clear night skies and unique wildlife and nature.
There are quite a few newly built, modern houses and some older ones in need of repair. A small church has been built and paid for by the local inhabitants, most of which are elderly and all of which are warm and kind-hearted. Pavements are currently being upgraded at the north end of the village.
There is one small shop/café which is only open on certain days and there are always plenty of farm animals running free around the village. A cultural centre has been opened at the north end of the village - its expected to run traditional folk dancing evening and various outdoor activities. There is a small path through a forest on the North-Western side of the village which takes you through sunflower fields, over a bridge and straight into the neighbouring village of Popovich.
It is not uncommon to hear Jackals, hunters or simply silence (bar the crickets) at night here and it is undoubtedly peaceful when compared to nearby Obzor
42°49′00″N 27°49′00″E﻿ / ﻿42.8166666767°N 27.8166666767°E﻿ / 42.8166666767; 27.8166666767Local farms sell milk, cheese, eggs, lamb, chicken and on occasion Rakija/Rakia
Anna (name)

Anna is a feminine given name, the Latin form of the Greek: Ἄννα and the Hebrew name Hannah (Hebrew: חַנָּה, romanized: Ḥannāh), meaning "favour" or "grace".
Anna is in wide use in countries across the world as are its variants Ana, Anne, originally a French version of the name, though in use in English speaking countries for hundreds of years, and Ann, which was originally the English spelling. Saint Anne is traditionally the name of the mother of the Virgin Mary, which accounts for its wide use and popularity among Christians. The name has also been used for numerous saints and queens. In the context of pre-Christian Europe, the name can be found in Virgil's Aeneid, where Anna appears as the sister of Dido advising her to keep Aeneas in her city.
Alternate forms of Anna, including spelling variants, short forms, diminutives and transliterations are:
Anna is a very common given name. People with the name include:
Ian Gaudet

Ian Gaudet (born August 18, 2003) is a Canadian male sprint kayaker. His home club is Banook Canoe Club on Lake Banook in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
Gaudet won gold together with Simon McTavish in the K2 500 m event at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago.
Gaudet began kayaking in the summer of 2015 at the age of 11, at Abenaki Aquatic Club. He transferred to his current club, Banook Canoe Club in 2016.
In 2018 he competed at the Olympic Hopes Regatta in Poznań, Poland at the age of 15, winning 3 medals (2 silver and 1 gold), which put him on the pathway to a summer Olympics hopeful.
Gaudet also raced for Canada at the 2019 Olympic Hopes Regatta in Bratislava, Slovakia winning a bronze medal in the K1 200m event.
At the 2021 ICF World Junior Championships he won bronze in the K1 500 m event, Canada's only men's kayak medal at the event.
Gaudet competed for Nova Scotia at the 2022 Canada Summer Games where he won two golds in the K2 500 m and 1,000 m events, while adding three silver in the K1 200m, K4 200 m and K4 500 m events.
He also competed at the 2022 ICF U23 World Championships in Szeged, Hungary and at the 2023 ICF U23 World Championships in Auronzo, Italy where he finished fifth in the K1 500 m and 11th in the K2 500 m.
At the 2023 Pan American Games, Gaudet and Simon McTavish won gold together in the K2 500 m event in Santiago.
In May 2024, Gaudet competed in his first ICF World Cup in Szeged, Hungary, placing 15th in K2 500m with partner Vincent Jourdenais.
In July 2024, Gaudet competed at the 2024 ICF U23 World Championships in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, where he won his first U23 medal, a bronze in K1 500m. Gaudet is the first Canadian men's kayak athlete to win a U23 men's kayak medal. Ian also placed 5th in K2 1000m with partner Jason Burkholder and 15th in K4 500m.
Gaudet is a 14 time Canadian Champion.
He attends Saint Mary's University where he is working towards completing his Bachelor of Science degree in geology.
WARC bands

The World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC) bands are three portions of the shortwave radio spectrum used by licensed and/or certified amateur radio operators. They consist of 30 meters (10.1–10.15 MHz), 17 meters (18.068–18.168 MHz), and 12 meters (24.89–24.99 MHz). They were named after the World Administrative Radio Conference, which in 1979 created a worldwide allocation of these bands for amateur use. The bands were opened for use in the early 1980s. Due to their relatively small bandwidth of 100 kHz or less, there is a gentlemen's agreement that the WARC bands may not be used for general contesting. This agreement has been codified in official recommendations, such as the IARU Region 1 HF Manager's Handbook, which states: "Contest activity shall not take place on the 5, 10, 18, and 24 MHz bands."
Non-contesting radio amateurs are recommended to use the contest-free HF bands (30, 17, and 12m) during the largest international contests.
Canada is part of region 2 and as such is subject to the IARU band plan. Radio Amateurs of Canada offers the bandplan below as a recommendation for use by radio amateurs in that country.
Canada is part of region 2 and as such is subject to the IARU band plan. Radio Amateurs of Canada offers the bandplan below as a recommendation for use by radio amateurs in that country.
Throughout most of the world, the 30-meter band generally cannot be used for "phone" (voice) communications. SSB may be used during emergencies involving the immediate safety of life and property and only by stations actually involved in the handling of emergency traffic.
However, a part of Region 1 is permitted to use phone at certain times. The band segment 10.12 to 10.14 may only be used for SSB transmissions in the area of Africa south of the equator during local daylight hours.
Canada is part of Region 2 and as such is subject to the IARU band plan. Radio Amateurs of Canada offers the bandplan below as a recommendation for use by radio amateurs in that country.
The USA limits amateur radio users to 200 watts peak envelope power on this band.
Australia (VK, region 3) has a unique set of privileges on 30 meters which allows voice operation on a section of the band for advanced license holders. The digital segment is 10.13-10.15 MHz. The current band plan has telephony from 10.12–10.135 MHz, with CW only below 10.12. These are WIA recommendations only as ACMA does not restrict Australian amateurs' modes within HF allocations beyond requiring less than 8 kHz occupied bandwidth per channel below 28 MHz.
Note: The occupied bandwidth shall be less than 2kHz.
STANAG 4569

NATO AEP-55 STANAG 4569 is a NATO Standardization Agreement covering the standards for the "Protection Levels for Occupants of Logistic and Light Armored Vehicles".
The standard covers strikes from kinetic energy, artillery and IED blasts.
7.62×51mm NATO Ball (Ball M80) at 30 meters with velocity 833 ± 20 m/s
5.56×45mm NATO Ball (SS109) at 30 meters with a velocity of 900 ± 20 m/s
5.56×45mm NATO Ball (M193) at 30 meters with a velocity of 937 ± 20m/s
Protection against all three threats must be provided.
Hand grenades, unexploded artillery fragmenting submunitions, and other small anti personnel explosive devices detonated under the vehicle.
155 mm High Explosive at 100 m
Angle: Azimuth 360°; elevation: 0–18°
7.62×39mm API BZ at 30 meters with 695 ± 20 m/s
6 kg (explosive mass) Blast AT Mine: 2a – Mine Explosion pressure activated under any wheel or track location. 2b – Mine Explosion under center.
155 mm High Explosive at 80 m
Angle: Azimuth 360°; elevation: 0–22°
7.62×51mm AP (WC core) at 30 meters with 930 ± 20 m/s
7.62×54R mm B32 API at 30 meters with 854 ± 20 m/s
Angle: Azimuth 360°; elevation 0–30°
8 kg (explosive mass) Blast AT Mine: 3a – Mine Explosion pressure activated under any wheel or track location. 3b – Mine Explosion under center.
155 mm High Explosive at 60 m
Angle: Azimuth 360°; elevation: 0–30°
14.5×114mm API / B32 at 200 meters with 911 ± 20 m/s
Angle: Azimuth 360°; elevation 0°
20 mm FSP (simulating 155 mm threat) at 960 ± 20 m/s from a distance of 25 meters.
Angle: azimuth 360°; elevation: 0–90°
10 kg (explosive mass) Blast AT Mine: 4a – Mine Explosion pressure activated under any wheel or track location. 4b – Mine Explosion under center.
25 mmx137 APDS-T (M791) or TLB 073 at 500 m with 1258 ± 20 m/s
Angle: Frontal arc to centreline: ± 30° sides included, elevation 0°
20 mm FSP (simulating 155 mm threat) at 960 ± 20 m/s from a distance of 25 meters.
Angle: azimuth 360°; elevation: 0–90°
30 mm APFSDS or AP at 500 m
Angle: Frontal arc to centreline: ± 30° sides included, elevation 0°
155 mm High Explosive at 10 m
Angle: Azimuth 360°; elevation: 0–90°