davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
边佳兰深水石油终站

边佳兰独立深水石油终站（英語：Pengerang Independent Deep Water Terminal，简称PDWT）是一项面积达700英亩的深水码头及石油存库计划，由边佳兰独立终站私人有限公司（馬來語：Pengerang Independent Terminal Sdn. Bhd.）进行填土工程。首期为250英亩。计划预估于2012年年底完工。计划中将建造3座深水码头，一座码头需两年建造，预料第一个深水码头2013年底完工。
阿都拉·巴达威担任马来西亚首相中期，在全国推展了一系列的大规模特区发展，被称为经济走廊发展计划（英語：Economic Corridors Development），坐落在柔佛南部的计划初期称为柔南经济特区（馬來語：Wilayah Pembangunan Iskandar,简称WPI），过后易名依斯干达经济特区 (馬來語：Iskandar Development Region，简称IDR)，最后正式定名马来西亚依斯干达（英語：Iskandar Malaysia，简称IM）。
马来西亚依斯干达占地221,634公顷，并分成五个旗舰区（英語：Flagship Zone），其中包括：
在原本规划中，东部入口发展区（丹戎帕拉帕斯港，馬來語：Tanjung Pelepas）和西部入口发展区（丹戎浪沙，馬來語：Tanjung Langsat）被规划成油品生产区兼海港，前者以石油化学工业为主，而后者则是生物燃料工业，当时边佳兰并未纳入整套发展计划中。
直至2010年9月份，纳吉·阿都拉萨接任马来西亚首相，并推出了一套称为经济转型计划（英語：Economic Transformation Programme，简称ETP）的经济计划。在此计划中设有十二项国家关键经济领域（英語：National Key Economic Areas，简称NKEA），其中第六项是石油、天然气和能源。根据前述指南，纳吉在有关经济领域在柔佛的两项先行计划（英語：Entry Point Projects，简称EPP）中，其中一项即是在边佳兰打造一个区域性油库及贸易枢纽（英語：Regional Oil Storage and Trading Hub）。
项目施工地点位于柔佛州哥打丁宜县边佳兰区大湾（馬來語：Tanjung Sungai Kapal）和三湾（馬來語：Tanjung Ayam）之间的海湾，如果以陆路交通计算，它距离柔佛州首府新山市约115公里。此区坐落在柔佛港口限制区域内，距离新加坡国际边界大约7公里，并接近连接马六甲海峡、新加坡及南中国海的国际航线。靠近项目施工现场的农村地区包括农耕地和住宅区，最靠近的住宅区是位于项目西边的大湾村（馬來語：Kampung Sungai Kapal），东边的三湾岛范围内的双溪文都（馬來語：Kampung Sungai Buntu）以及散布在距离海岸80米左右的住户 。
本项目被提出的目的是建设一座具备国际水平的深水石油终站，用于库存、混合及运送原油和石化产品。
深水石油终站由两个主要组合组成：
The Cathay

The Cathay is a mixed-use 17-storey shopping mall and apartment building located at Handy Road and Mount Sophia in the Museum Planning Area of Singapore.
Owned and managed by Cathay Organisation, the original building was opened in 1939 as Cathay Building. In 2000, it was closed and partially demolished for redevelopment. Elements of the old Cathay Cinema, including its façade which was conserved as a national monument, together with a modern-day design by Paul Tange of Tange Associates Japan and RDC Architects Pte Ltd Singapore, were incorporated into the new building.
Opened in March 2006, the Cathay Building housed retail, food and beverage outlets and an eight-screen The Cathay Cineplex, comprising The Grand Cathay, a 590-seat hall, The Picturehouse, an intimate 82-seat hall that screens art films and six regular halls with a total of 1,846 seats. In late 2006, the 76-unit The Cathay Residences located above the mall was completed. The Picturehouse was then subsequently converted into Cathay's first premium hall concept, Platinum Movie Suites, in 2011.
In June 2022, The Cathay Cineplex was shuttered after 83 years, and four of the halls including The Grand Cathay and Platinum Movie Suites were taken over as a pop-up cinema by The Projector, Projector X Picturehouse. The mall was then subsequently closed in August the following year for a revamp and reopened in March 2025 with a refreshed tenant mix, a reconfigured interior layout, a sky garden at Level 4 and an enlarged atrium with a 3-floor multimedia display spanning the lower floors. The cinemas were gutted and repurposed, such as the entirety of Level 5 taken up by PSB Academy for their Coventry University courses, while the entrance lobby of The Cathay Residences at Adis Road was integrated into Level 6 of the mall, improving accessibility for residents living at Mount Sophia and Mount Emily. Other tenants include the NTU Alumni Association's clubhouse, Iuiga's largest flagship store in South East Asia, 24x7 Fitness and Thai golf brand Leonian.
List of largest hospital campuses

This is a list of large hospitals ranked by bed capacity and staffing within a single campus.
Hospital networks that consist of several campuses are not considered as a whole, and statistics from satellite campuses are not included. Campuses that do not have reliable sources may not be included; it is not necessarily a complete list.
This is a list of hospital campuses with a capacity of more than 1,500 beds.
This is a list of hospital campuses with more than 10,000 staff.
IHH Healthcare

IHH Healthcare Berhad (MYX: 5225) is an international private healthcare group focused on upmarket health services. It is Asia's largest private healthcare group. It is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur and its geographical footprint crosses Malaysia, Singapore, Turkey, India, Greater China (including Hong Kong), other parts of Asia and Central and Eastern Europe. The group has over 70,000 employees across 80 hospitals in 10 countries. It is listed on Bursa Malaysia and the Singapore Exchange.
The largest shareholder of IHH Healthcare is Mitsui of Japan followed by the Malaysian government's sovereign wealth fund Khazanah Nasional and Citigroup of the United States. A further stake is held by the Employees Provident Fund of Malaysia.
The chairman of IHH is Tan Sri Dr Nik Norzrul Thani bin N Hassan Thani.
Charrington Tower

Charrington Tower, originally called Providence Tower, is a 44-storey 136 m (446 ft) residential tower located in the New Providence Wharf development on the north side of the River Thames in the Blackwall area of east London, completed in 2016.
It was commissioned by the developer Ballymore, designed by the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill architecture firm, and built by Balfour Beatty. The project was announced in Singapore in June 2012, followed by "investor events" in Hong Kong and Singapore in September 2012.
In August 2024, a fire broke out on the 25th floor, destroying half of an apartment and its balcony.
51°30′25.5″N 0°0′20.9″W﻿ / ﻿51.507083°N 0.005806°W﻿ / 51.507083; -0.005806
नोबेल शांतता पारितोषिक

नोबेल शांतता पुरस्कार हा दरवर्षी बहाल केल्या जाणाऱ्या ५ नोबेल पुरस्कारांपैकी एक आहे. नोबेल शांतता पुरस्काराचे वितरण दरवर्षी १० डिसेंबर रोजी ओस्लो शहरात केले जाते.
नोबेल पारितोषिक

नोबेल पारितोषिक हा जगातील अत्यंत प्रतिष्ठेचा पुरस्कार आहे. रसायनशास्त्र, भौतिकशास्त्र, साहित्य, जागतिक शांतता, वैद्यकशास्त्र किंवा जीवशास्त्र आणि अर्थशास्त्र या पाच क्षेत्रांतील अतुलनीय कामगिरीसाठी किंवा संशोधनासाठी प्रतिवर्षी हा पुरस्कार दिला जातो. स्वीडिश वैज्ञानिक नोबेलने आपल्या मृत्युपत्रात या पुरस्कारांची तरतूद केली होती. त्याच्या मृत्यूनंतर पाच वर्षांनी इ.स. १९०१ मध्ये पहिल्यांदा हा पुरस्कार देण्यात आला.दरवर्षी १० डिसेंबर रोजी हा पुरस्कार दिला जातो.१९४० ते १९४२ पर्यंत दुसऱ्या महायुद्धामुळे हा पुरस्कार खंडित करण्यात आला होता.
इ.स. १९६९ पासून आल्फ्रेड नोबेल याच्या स्मरणार्थ स्वीडनच्या मध्यवर्ती बँकेने (रिक्स बँकेने) अर्थशास्त्रातील मौलिक कार्यासाठी सहावे नोबेल पारितोषिक देण्यास सुरुवात केली.
आल्फ्रेड नोबेलच्या मृत्यूनंतर इ.स. १८९७ साली त्याचे मृत्युपत्र उघडून पाहण्यात आले व चार वर्षांनंतर ते कायदेशीर असल्याचे सिद्ध झाले. या मृत्युपत्रानुसार त्याने कमावलेल्या अमाप संपत्तीचा मोठा हिस्सा (३.१ कोटी स्वीडिश क्रोनार) नोबेल निधीसाठी ठेवलेला होता. हा निधी सुरक्षित ठेवींमध्ये गुंतवून मिळणाऱ्या उत्पन्नाच्या ६० ते ७० टक्के रकमेचे पाच सारखे भाग करून प्रत्येक क्षेत्रातील पारितोषिकासाठी देण्याचे आल्फ्रेडने आपल्या मृत्युपत्रात सुचविले होते.
या मृ्त्युपत्रामध्ये कोणकोणत्या कार्यक्षेत्रात व कोणकोणत्या निकषांवर पारखून पारितोषिके द्यावीत याचेही त्याने विवेचन करून ठेवले होते. त्यासाठी आवश्यक ते स्पष्टीकरण करणारे नियम व प्रशासकीय तपशील हे मृत्युपत्राचे विश्वस्त, पारितोषिके देणाऱ्या संस्थांचे प्रतिनिधी व नोबेल यांचे कुटुंबीय यांनी चर्चा करून तयार केले व स्वीडनच्या राजाने याला इ.स. १९०० साली मान्यता दिली.
आल्फ्रेड नोबेलच्या मृत्युपत्रान्वये -
पारितोषिकासंबंधीचा निर्णय घेण्याचे व तो जाहीर करण्याचे काम या संस्था करतात. पारितोषिके देण्याचा निर्णय घेण्यासाठी प्रत्येक संस्थेच्या मदतीसाठी तीन ते पाच सदस्यांची समिती असते. या समित्या जरूर वाटल्यास इतर तज्‍ज्ञांनाही चर्चेसाठी बोलावू शकतात. पारितोषिकासाठी सुचविण्यात आलेल्या उमेदवाराच्या कार्याचे मूल्यमापन करून या समित्या आपला निर्णय देतात, पण हा निर्णय मानणे संस्थांवर बंधनकारक नसते.
मृत्युपत्रातील तरतुदीनुसार नोबेल प्रतिष्ठान स्थापण्यात आले असून ही संस्था नोबेल निधीची कायदेशीर मालक आहे. वरील चार संस्थांच्या सहकार्याने ही संस्था सर्व प्रशासकीय कामे संयुक्तपणे पाहते. इतर सर्व नोबेल संस्था प्रतिष्ठानच्या नियंत्रणाखाली आहेत मात्र पारितोषिकांच्या निवाड्याशी आणि त्यासंबंधीच्या कार्याशी प्रतिष्ठानचा काहीही संबंध नसतो.
कायदेशीरपणे नमूद केलेल्या व पारितोषिके देणाऱ्या संस्थांनी नेमून दिलेल्या व्यक्तीच पारितोषिकांसाठी उमेदवारांची नावे सुचवू शकतात. स्वतःच आपले नाव सुचविल्यास ती व्यक्ती आपोआपच पारितोषिकासाठी अपात्र ठरते.
उमेदवारांची नावे सुचविण्यासाठी पुढील व्यक्ती पात्र असतात.
पारितोषिके देणाऱ्या संस्थांकडून पात्र व्यक्तींना नावे सुचविण्याविषयी विनंतीपत्रे पाठविली जातात. त्यांनी संबंधित कागदपत्रांसह आपल्या शिफारशी १ फेब्रुवारीच्या आत पाठवायच्या असतात. १ फेब्रुवारीपासून नोबेल समित्यांचे काम सुरू होते व सप्टेंबर-ऑक्टोबरमध्ये समित्या आपल्या शिफारशी पारितोषिके देणाऱ्या संस्थांकडे पाठवितात. या संस्था १५ नोव्हेंबरपर्यंत अंतिम निर्णय जाहीर करतात. नावे सुचविली जाण्यापासून ते अंतिम निर्णयापर्यंत होणारे वादविवाद, चर्चा, मतदान इत्यादी बाबतीत गुप्तता राखली जाते. नोबेल पारितोषिकांच्या निर्णयाविरुद्ध दाद मागता येत नाही.
साधारणतः ३००० लोक पुरस्कारासाठी नामांकने पाठवतात. त्यापैकी नोबेल समिती ठराविक नामांकने निवडते.
देनिस मुक्वैगी

देनिस मुक्वैगी हे व्यवसायाने डॉक्टर असून सामाजिक कार्यकर्तेही आहेत. युद्धकाळात बलात्कार झालेल्या स्त्रियांवर उपचार करण्याचे कार्य ते करत असतात.
नादिया मुराद आणि देनिस मुक्वैगी ह्यांना संयुक्तपणे २०१८चा नोबेल शांतता-पुरस्कार जाहीर झाला आहे.
यित्झाक राबिन

यित्झाक राबिन (हिब्रू: יִצְחָק רַבִּין; १ मार्च १९२२ - ४ नोव्हेंबर १९९५) हा दोन वेळा इस्रायल देशाचा पंतप्रधान होता. इ.स. १९९४ मध्ये राबिनला शिमॉन पेरेझ व यासर अराफात ह्यांच्यासोबत नोबेल शांतता पुरस्कार मिळाला.
राबिनने ओस्लो शांतता कराराला पाठिंबा दिल्यामुळे संतापलेल्या एका माथेफिरू इस्रायेली इसमाने ४ नोव्हेंबर १९९५ रोजी त्याची तेल अवीव येथे गोळ्या घालून हत्या केली.
नादिया मुराद

नादिया मुराद (जन्म १९९३) ह्या इराकमधील यझिदी समाजातील मानवाधिकार कार्यकर्त्या आहेत. त्या २०१६ पासून मानवी तस्करीतील बचावलेल्यांच्या सन्मासाठीच्या संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघाच्या सदिच्छादूत आहेत.
नादिया मुराद ह्या इराकमधील कोचो ह्या गावात जन्मल्या. त्यांचे कुटुंब शेतकरी होते. त्या उच्च माध्यमिक स्तरावरील शिक्षण घेत होत्या आणि इतिहास ह्या विषयाचे शिक्षक बनण्याची आणि रंगभूषाकार बनण्याची त्यांची इच्छा होती. ३ ऑगस्ट २०१४ रोजी त्यांच्या गावावर आयसिस ह्या अतिरेकी संघटनेने हल्ला केला. नादिया ह्यांच्या ९ भावांपैकी ६ जण जागच्या जागी मारले गेले. हजारो महिला आणि मुले ह्यांसह नादिया आणि त्यांच्या दोन बहिणींना गुलाम म्हणून कैद करण्यात आले. त्यांच्यावर धर्मांतर लादण्यात आले. त्यांना लैंगिक छळ सहन करावा लागला आणि गुलाम म्हणून विकण्यात आले. त्यांच्या आईला ठार मारण्यात आले. अनेक पाशवी अत्याचार सहन केल्यावर त्यांना निसटण्यात यश मिळाले. त्यांनी जर्मनीत आश्रय घेतला.
नादिया मुराद ह्यांचे आयसिसच्या छळछावणीतील अनुभवांविषयीचे अनुभवकथन दि लास्ट गर्ल ह्या नावाने प्रकाशित झाले आहे.
नादिया मुराद आणि देनिस मुक्वैगी ह्यांना संयुक्तपणे २०१८चा नोबेल शांतता-पुरस्कार जाहीर झाला आहे.
जिमी कार्टर

जेम्स अर्ल कार्टर, कनिष्ठ (इंग्लिश: James Earl Carter, Jr., जेम्स अर्ल कार्टर, ज्यूनियर), ऊर्फ जिमी कार्टर (इंग्लिश: Jimmy Carter) (१ ऑक्टोबर, १९२४ - २९ डिसेंबर, २०२४) हा अमेरिकेचा ३९वा राष्ट्राध्यक्ष होता. २० जानेवारी, इ.स. १९७७ ते २० जानेवारी, इ.स. १९८१ या कालखंडात याने राष्ट्राध्यक्षपदाची सूत्रे सांभाळली. याला इ.स. २००२ सालातला नोबेल शांतता पुरस्कार देऊन गौरवण्यात आले. अध्यक्षीय कारकिर्दीनंतर नोबेल पुरस्कार मिळवणारा हा एकमेव माजी राष्ट्राध्यक्ष आहे. पेशाने भुईमुगाचा शेतकरी व अमेरिकी नौदलातील अधिकारी असलेला कार्टर अध्यक्षपदाअगोदर हा इ.स. १९६३ ते इ.स. १९६७ या कालखंडात जॉर्जियाच्या संस्थानी सेनेटेचा सदस्य, तर इ.स. १९७१ ते इ.स. १९७५ या काळात जॉर्जियाचा ७६वा गव्हर्नर होता.
अध्यक्षीय कारकिर्दीत कार्टराने ऊर्जा व शिक्षण, अशी दोन नवी कॅबिनेटस्तरीय खाती निर्मिली. कार्टर प्रशासनाने पर्यावरणरक्षण, वाढते दर व नवीन तंत्रज्ञान इत्यदी बाबींचा विचार करून राष्ट्रीय ऊर्जा धोरण बनवले. परराष्ट्रीय आघाडीवर कार्टर प्रशासनाने इस्राएल व इजिप्त यांच्यादरम्यान कॅंप डेव्हिड वाटाघाटी घडवून आणल्या, पनाम्याशी पनामा कालवा तह केला. इ.स. १९८० च्या सुमारास कार्टराची लोकप्रियता उतरणीला लागली. इ.स. १९८० च्या अध्यक्षीय निवडणुकींत डेमोक्रॅटिक पक्षाचे नामांकन मिळवून तो दुसऱ्यांदा उभा रहिला, मात्र रिपब्लिकन पक्षाचा उमेदवार रोनाल्ड रेगन याच्याविरुद्ध त्याला हार पत्करावी लागली.
लेख वावेंसा

लेख वावेंसा (पोलिश: Lech Wałęsa) (सप्टेंबर २९, इ.स. १९४३; पापोवो - हयात) हे पोलंडचे माजी अध्यक्ष आहेत. त्यापूर्वी ते कामगार नेते होते
विद्युत उपकरणे दुरुस्त करणाऱ्या वालेंसाने आपली राजकीय कारकीर्द कामगार संघटनेपासून केली. त्यावेळच्या रशियाधार्जिण्या पोलिश सरकारने परवानगी शिवाय कामगार संघटना करणे बेकायदा ठरवले होते. परंतु वालेंसाने न्याय मिळवण्यासाठी इ.स. १९७० मध्ये ग्डान्स्क जहाजबांधणी केंद्रातील कामगार संघटित केले व त्याला सॉलिडारिटी (एकता) असे नाव दिले. यासाठी त्याने एक वर्ष तुरुंगात काढले. तेथुन बाहेर आल्यावरही वालेंसाने आपले कार्य चालुच ठेवले व नोकरी गमावली. याकाळात त्याने आपल्या मित्रांच्या साहाय्याने जीवन चालु ठेवले. इ.स. १९८०च्या संपात वालेंसा कारखान्याची भिंत चढुन गेला व संपाचे नेतृत्व घेतले. संप एक वर्षाहून अधिक चालल्यावर पोलिश सरकारने लष्करी कायदा लागू केला व वालेंसाची तुरुंगात रवानगी केली. यादरम्यान संपाचे लोण देशभर पसरले व पोलिश सरकारच संकटात आले. वालेंसाला इ.स. १९८३चा नोबेल शांतता पारितोषिक प्रदान करण्यात आला. त्याने बक्षिसाची रक्कम सॉलिडारिटीला दिली.
पोलंडचे सरकार गडगडल्यावर इ.स. १९९०मध्ये सार्वत्रिक निवडणुका घेण्यात आल्या. यात वालेंसाला पोलंडच्या अध्यक्षपदासाठी बहुमत मिळाले. पाच वर्षे सत्तेवर राहिल्यावर इ.स. १९९५च्या निवडणुकात तो हरला. त्यानंतर वालेंसा पोलंडचा राजदूत म्हणून जगभर प्रतिनिधित्त्व करतो.
इ.स. १९८३च्या नोबेल पारितोषिकाव्यतिरिक्त, वालेंसाला अनेक आंतरराष्ट्रीय पारितोषिके व खिताब मिळाले आहेत. बत्तीस अमेरिकन व युरोपीय विद्यापीठांनी त्याला पदव्या प्रदान केल्या आहेत इ.स. १९८१मध्ये टाइम या नियतकालिकाने वालेंस त्या वर्षातील सगळ्यात महत्त्वाची व्यक्ती असल्याचे जाहीर केले. द ऑब्झर्वर व फायनान्शियल टाइम्सनी हा खिताब इ.स. १९८०मध्ये वालेंसाला दिला.
प्रदीप कुमार यादव

डॉ. प्रदीप कुमार यादव, मूळचे झुनझुनू जिल्ह्यातील मुकंदपुरा, राजस्थान, भारत, यांचा जन्म 20 फेब्रुवारी 1978 रोजी झाला. कराटेच्या जगामध्ये त्यांचा प्रवास वयाच्या 12 व्या वर्षी केंद्रीय विद्यालय क्रमांक 1 वसतिगृहात असताना सुरू झाला. दिल्ली कँट, नवी दिल्ली येथे.
Tushar Gandhi

Tushar Arun Gandhi (born 17 January 1960) is an Indian author and son of Arun Manilal Gandhi, thus great-grandson of Mahatma Gandhi. In March 2005, he led the 75th anniversary re-enactment of the Dandi March. From 2007 to 2012, he was the Goodwill Ambassador of the CISRI-ISP Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition.
Tushar Arun Gandhi was born on 17 January 1960, in Shegaon, Maharashtra, to Arun and Sunanda Gandhi [ml]. His father was an author and his mother was a researcher. Tushar was raised in the Mumbai suburb of Santacruz. He studied at Adarsh Vinay Mandir, a local Gujarati-medium school. He holds a diploma in printing from the Government Institute of Printing Technology, Mumbai.
Gandhi resides in Mumbai. In 1985, he married Sonal Desai. Together, they have 2 children, son Vivan Gandhi and daughter Kasturi Gandhi. Kasturi was so named after Kasturba Gandhi.
Tushar Gandhi is best known for having established in 1998 in Vadodara, Gujarat, the Mahatma Gandhi Foundation. It is now located in Mumbai (and he is still its President).
Since 1996, he has served as the President of the Lok Seva Trust, an NGO established by Dr. Kanti Gandhi, grandson of Mahatma Gandhi in central Bombay in the mid-1950s for the welfare of textile-mill labourers.
In 2000, Tushar portrayed himself in a fictional Tamil - Hindi movie directed by Kamal Hassan, "Hey Ram".
In 2001, Tushar Gandhi negotiated with American marketing firm CMG Worldwide the use of the Mahatma’s image in an advertisement (aimed at university students) for a credit card company. This perceived betrayal of Gandhian ideals was followed by a public outcry causing him to cancel the deal.
On January 30, 2003, as the 55th anniversary of his great-grandfather's assassination approaches. He and 150 other politicians have led a hunger strike in New Delhi because of Clone High's depiction of Gandhi caused a massive backlash.
In 2009, he did likewise in a semi-fictional movie, "Road to Sangam," based on an episode in his own life.
A nonfiction book by him, Let's Kill Gandhi, was published in 2007 and became for a few weeks a best seller in India. Tushar in his book Let’s Kill Gandhi, blamed Brahmins in general for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi. Some critics claimed that the book defamed all Brahmins. Tushar has said he was misquoted and his claims relate only to "a certain group of Brahmins from Pune [who] were continuously attempting on the life of my great grandfather", rather than to Brahmins in general.
In 2008 he was appointed Chairman of the Australian Indian Rural Development Foundation (AIRDF).
He is trustee at Maharashtra Gandhi Smarak Nidhi since 2014.
In 2018 he played a significant role in petitioning successfully the Supreme Court of India to direct the states and Union Territories to comply with its orders to curb cow-vigilante lynch mobs.
In 2019 he became a Director of the Gandhi Research Foundation in Jalgaon, Maharashtra.
National Institute of Rural Development

National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj (abbreviated as NIRDPR) is an Indian autonomous research organisation under the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, located in Hyderabad, Telangana. In addition to the main campus at Hyderabad, the Institute has a north-eastern regional centre at Guwahati, Assam to meet the needs of North-east India and a regional centre in New Delhi.
The NIRDPR is mandated to:
In the early 1950s, Community Development Blocks were set up in the country to promote social and economic development of villages. The Central Institute of Study and Research in Community Development was conceived and set up in 1958 at Mussoorie for offering orientation courses to officers of executive hierarchy in the development programmes. The Trainers' Training Institute (subsequently renamed as the Institute for Instruction in Community Development), established in December, 1958 at Rajpur, Dehradun was entrusted with the task of training of District Panchayat Officers and sub-divisional officers and trainers of state institutions. In April 1962, both the Institutes were merged into one named as National Institute of Community Development (NICD). NICD was shifted to Hyderabad campus during 1964-65. The Institute was changed in to registered society under the Public Services Registration Act No.1 of 1350 Fasli (No.229 of 1965). As per decision taken by General Council in its meeting held on 20.9.1977, the Institute was renamed and registered as National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD). Recognising the need for more focus on strengthening Panchayati Raj system and capacity building of PRI functionaries through the network of SIRDs and ETCs, the name of NIRD has been changed as National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR) in the year 2014.
The North Eastern Regional Centre of the National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj (NIRD & PR-NERC) came into existence in July 1983 at Guwahati with the aim to orient its training and research activities to the specific needs and potentials of North Eastern States. The Centre is located at Jawaharnagar, Khanapara, adjacent to Assam Administrative Staff College and Veterinary College, Assam Agriculture University, Khanapara. It is at a distance of about 15 km from Guwahati Railway Station and Central ASTC Bus Stand and nearly 35 km from Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport.
There have been allegations of rampant sexual harassment of women inside NIRDPR campus. In 2018 Satyaranjan Mahakul, an Assistant Professor of NIRD was arrested by Cyberabad Police on charges of molesting an Indonesian student. In 2015 NIRDPR Associate Professor Dr V Suresh Babu had been penalised for sexually abusing Assistant Professor Dr G. Valentina. However CAT deemed the penalty as unjust.
There have been several allegations of corruption by NIRDPR officials, including by faculty members and class-IV staff
List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established according to the will of Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor and industrialist, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. It is awarded annually (with some exceptions) by the Norwegian Nobel Committee to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".
Since its inception in March 1901, the award has honored activists, political leaders, humanitarian organizations, and others working toward global harmony. While the official nominations remain confidential for 50 years, many nominators publicly disclose their candidates through media announcements, endorsements, or leaks. Every nominee enlisted from 2000 onward is sourced to various media reports such as Dagsavisen, Aftenposten, Nettavisen, Norsk Rikskringkasting, Norge Idag, The New York Times and United Press International, which may or may have been nominated earlier than was is reported, and showcases the diverse range of individuals striving for peace in the modern era.
Due to its size, this list has been split into two parts:
The list is ordered by the year in which individuals received their first nomination. Some individuals who were first nominated between 1900–1999 and were renominated after 1999 are listed in the former part only.
1968 Nobel Peace Prize

The 1968 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the French jurist René Cassin (1887–1976) "for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration." He is the ninth French recipient of the peace prize.
After experiencing the horrors of the World War I and ending up becoming a severely wounded soldier, René Cassin discovered the very value and dignity of human life. Inspired, he represented France at the League of Nations during the inter-war years, and worked for disarmament. In the 1920s, Cassin sought to bring reconciliation between former enemies, and declared that military veterans were especially well equipped to bring about reconciliation and peace. Hence, he supported war veteran's efforts in peace conferences. After World War II, he was assigned to the United Nations to help draft the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights together with P. C. Chang, Charles Malik and Eleanor Roosevelt. During the drafting process, he contributed much in its revisions, expansions and improvements until it was accepted by the General Assembly during its third session on 10 December 1948. He later became the president of the European Court of Human Rights in 1965 to 1968, after which, through his lifelong efforts to ensure universal human rights, the Norwegian Nobel Committee recognized him.
René Cassin was nominated only in three occasions: in 1949 by 1937 Nobel laureate Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, in 1950 by American lawyer Manley Ottmer Hudson and in 1968 by French law professor Georges Vedel.
In total, the Norwegian Nobel Committee earned 78 nominations for 34 individuals and 14 organizations such Vinoba Bhave, Hermann Gmeiner, Danilo Dolci, U Thant, Cyrus S. Eaton and the Universal Esperanto Association. Seventeen of the nominees were newly nominated such as Norman Borlaug (awarded in 1970), Halvard Lange, John S. Knight, Alfonso García Robles (awarded in 1982), Frans Hemerijckx, Vicenç Ferrer Moncho, Ernst Bloch, René Maheu, John Collins, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Council of Churches (WCW) and the UNESCO. The British philanthropist Sue Ryder was the only female nominee. Notable figures like Otto Hahn (awarded the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry), Joseph Kentenich, Muriel Lester, Thomas Merton, Georgios Papandreou, Amparo Poch y Gascón, Gabrielle Radziwill and Pitirim Sorokin died in 1968 without having been nominated for the peace prize.
The following members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee appointed by the Storting were responsible for the selection of the 1968 Nobel laureate in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel:
Seoul Peace Prize

The Seoul Peace Prize was established in 1990 as a biennial recognition with monetary award to commemorate the success of the 24th Summer Olympic Games held in Seoul, South Korea, an event in which 160 nations from across the world took part, creating harmony and friendship. The Seoul Peace Prize was established to crystallize the wishes of the Korean people for peace in the Korean peninsula and the rest of the world. The nominating group, the Seoul Peace Prize Cultural Foundation, consists of 500 Korean nationals and 800 internationals. The awardee receives a diploma, a plaque and honorarium of US$200,000.
Past Seoul Peace Prize recipients have gone on to be nominated and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, including Médecins Sans Frontières (1996 SPP, 1999 NPP) and Bangladeshi Dr. Muhammad Yunus (2006 SPP, 2006 NPP), the founder of Grameen Bank which pioneered the concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and also inspired programs such as the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme of Dnet (A Social Enterprise).
Gandhi Peace Prize

The International Gandhi Peace Prize, named after Mahatma Gandhi, is awarded annually by the Government of India.
As a tribute to the ideals espoused by Gandhi, the Government of India launched the International Gandhi Peace Prize in 1995 on the occasion of the 125th birth anniversary of Mohandas Gandhi. This is an annual award given to individuals and institutions for their contributions towards social, economic and political transformation through non-violence and other Gandhian methods. The award carries ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹1.2 crore or US$140,000 in 2023) in cash, convertible in any currency in the world, a plaque and a citation. It is open to all persons regardless of nationality, race, creed or gender.
A jury consisting of the Prime Minister of India, the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, the Chief Justice of India, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and two other eminent person appointed every three years eligible for reappointment decides the awardee each year.
Ordinarily, only proposals coming from competent persons invited to nominate are considered. However, a proposal is not taken as invalid for consideration by the jury merely on the ground of not having emanated from competent persons. If it is considered that none of the proposals merit recognition, the jury is free to withhold the award for that year; the award was withheld in the years from 2006 to 2012 inclusive. Only achievements within 10 years immediately preceding the nomination are considered for the award; an older work may, however, be considered if its significance has not become apparent until recently. A written work, to be eligible for consideration, should have been published.
List of black Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace, with an associated prize in Economics awarded since 1969. As of November 2022, Nobel Prizes had been awarded to 954 individuals, of whom 17 were black recipients (1.7% of the 954 individual recipients).
Black people have received awards in three of the six award categories: twelve in Peace (70.6% of the black recipients), four in Literature (23.5%), and one in Economics (5.9%). The first black recipient, Ralph Bunche, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. W. Arthur Lewis became the first black recipient of a Nobel Prize in one of the sciences when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1979. The most recent black laureate, Abdulrazak Gurnah, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2021.
Among the black Nobel laureates, three served as heads of state or government of their respective countries upon receiving the Nobel Prize, while one was awarded the prize before taking office. Those include Barack Obama of the United States and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia, who were presidents, along with Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia, who was prime minister; all of them were awarded the Peace Prize. In addition, Nelson Mandela of South Africa became a Nobel Peace laureate before being elected president.
Four black people have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
12 black people have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
One black person has been awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.
1920

1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1920th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 920th year of the 2nd millennium, the 20th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1920s decade. As of the start of 1920, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Ès puter

Es puter utawa es dung dung (uga ditulis es dong dong, es tung tung, lan es tong tong ) ya iku panganan cuci mulut Indonésia sing padha karo es krim adhedhasar santen tinimbang susu Es puter nduweni tekstur kasar lan sacara tradisional beku ing piranti tubular sing digulung ing es batu lan uyah .
Panganan iki diarani es puter amarga ing produksi, adonan kasebut dipintal ing mesin es nganti kristal. Dene jeneng es dung dung dijupuk saka onomatopoeia swara sing metu saka gong gantung mini sing biasane ditabuh bakul nalika dodolan es.
Iki digawe saka kanji, santan, banyu, gula pasir, susu kental manis , vanili Penyajian es tradhisional iki prasaja banget, yaiku kanthi kerucut sing bentuke kerucut utawa diapit ing antarane rong sisi roti putih, utawa dinikmati ing gelas kaca. Es tung-tung uga bisa ditambah, kayata potongan kacang, ketan ireng, potongan nangka, utawa sagu mutiara.
Wiwitane es iki digawe saka dorongan wong sing pengin ngrasakake es krim, nanging ora bisa nggayuh regane. Susu sing larang wektu iku diganti karo santen. Pengganti bahan utama iki sejatine ndadekake rasa es iki luwih gurih. Nanging, katon persis kaya es krim.
Sejarah es tung tung diwiwiti saka keterbatasan masyarakat Indonesia kanggo seneng es krim sing wektu iku mung bisa dinikmati dening wong-wong tartamtu. Kekarepan masyarakat Indonesia supaya bisa seneng es krim nglairake modifikasi ing gawe es krim kanthi ngganti bahan utama, yaiku susu karo santen. Kanthi nggabungaken santen karo woh-wohan lokal kayata klapa enom, nangka, utawa durian, es krim sing "luwih Indonesia " digawe sing dikenal minangka es puter.
Popularitas es iki amarga ing jaman biyen wis akeh pedagang es tung tung lelungan sing nawarake dagangane ing saindhenging Jawa. Jaman saiki wis arang ana bakul es tung-tung sing nganggo kreta cilik. Nanging, ing pesta rakyat kayata pesta pernikahan utawa rapat sosial, es tung-tung kadhangkala isih bisa ditemokake. Malah bubar, produsen es krim kaya Wall wis ndeleng varian es krim rasa lokal iki.
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Krusty Krab

Krusty Krab ya iku jeneng restoran ing Bikini Bottom ing seri animasi SpongeBob SquarePants. Krusty Krab diadegaké déning Mr. Krabs.
Krusty Krab duwé karyawan loro kang aktif: SpongeBob SquarePants, mawa tukang masak lan Squidward Tentacles kang jaga mesin kasir. Karyawan loro iku béda banget sipate rikala kerja: Squidward kereb ora apik yèn kerja, déné SpongeBob kerja apik banget lan kerep éntuk panghargyan "Karyawan Teladan Bulan Ini". Menu kang ditawakake ing restoran iki ya iku Krabby Patty, kang arep padha karo Burger yeng didelok. Akèh wong kang padha seneng panganan iki. Plankton, kang mungsuhe Mr. Krab kerep nyoba nyolong resep rahasia Krabby Patty sanajan ora tahu ana asile.
Modhel wangunan iki dipadhakake saka jebakan lobster ing New England. Stephen Hillenburg pisanane njenengake Krusty Krab "Crusty Crab". Nanging dhèwèké mikir mawa aksara "K" jeneng bakal dadi luwih lucu.
Krusty Krab misuwur amarga ngadol Krabby Patty. Krabby Patty tinemu déning Raja Krabs leluhure eugene H. Krabs. Diandarake ing episode Dunces and Dragons, resep wis dirahasiakake suwéné 800 taun. Krabby Patty saka pasir tinemu déning SpongeGar, leluhure SpongeBob atusan taun lepungkur kang dicaritakake ing episode Ugh yèn SpongeGar mangan Krabby Patty kang dibakar.
Krusty Kraba tahu arep bangkrut amarga kelangan pelanggan amarga pas iku SpongeBob mbuka dodolan Pretty Patties. Krusty Krab uga kerep éntuk masalah saka mungsuh Mr. Krabs, Plankton.
Saiki, Krusty Krab nggunakaké piranti-piranti panggawe panganan. piranti-piranti mau ya iku:
Uga diandharake ing kana biyèn ana koki lawas, Jim kang kerja ing Krusty Krab taun 1980-an. sawijining dina, Jim lan Squidward omong-omongan. Jim, njaluk diundakake upahe déning Mr. Krabs yèn ora Jim bakal lunga. Krungu kaya ngono Mr. Krabs mung guyu lan pungkasane Jim lunga.
Menu kang ditawakake ing Krusty krab iki béda-béda saben episode. Menu iku isiné panganan, tanbahane lan ombenan. Krabby Patty mesthi ana ing saben menu kang diketokake. Menu kang ana ya iku:
Ana ing episode liya, ana panganan lan ombenan kang disebutake, nanging ora diketokake ing Gallery Grub. Menu-menu iku ya iku:
Krusty Krab kang duwé ya iku Mr. Krabs. ing episode Patty Hype, Mr. Krabs ngewenehake Krusty Krab marang SpongeBob, déné Mr. Krabs dadi panduwé panggonan dodol Pretty Patties.
Krusty Krab duwé karyawan loro kang aktif lan metu terus ing carita, ya iku SpongeBob SquarePants mawa tukang masalan Squidward Tentacles mawa jaga kasir.
Saos

Saos inggih punika cuwèran ingkang kenthel kados pasta ingkang kadamel saking bubur woh-wohan warni abrit kadosta lombok, uyah, bawang, brambang, tomat, trasi saha bumbu sanèsipun. Saos punika ginanipun kanggé campuran dhaharan kados ta mi, gorengan, bakso, lan sanès-sanèsipun supados raosipun langkung éca utawi mantep. Manéka warna jinisipun saos kadosta mayonais, saos tomat, saos tiram, saha sanèsipun.
Nggangsa

Gangsa minangka salah sawijining jinis cara ngolah panganan goreng sing nggunakake minyak goreng utawa lemak kanthi jumlah sithik (dibandhingake karo gorengan cethek utawa wajan jero ), biasane nggunakake wajan . Ing panganan sing berminyak kaya daging babi, ora perlu nambah minyak utawa lemak.
Reka Szabo

Reka Zsofia Lazăr-Szabo (n. 11 martie 1967, Brașov, România) este o scrimeră română, specializată pe floretă. A fost laureată cu argint pe echipe la Atlanta 1996 și cu bronz pe echipe la Barcelona 1992. A fost campioană mondială în 1994 atât la individual, cât și la echipe, și campioană europeană la individual în 1995.
Reka Lázár a început să practice scrima la vârsta de 7 ani la CS Tractorul cu antrenorul Bogdan Pincovici, apoi Vlad Șerban. La vârsta de 12 ani a câștigat primul ei campionat național.
În anul 1989 a câștigat Cupa României și a intrat la lotul olimpic de seniori. În același an a participat la primul ei turneu internațional la proba de Cupa Mondială de la Minsk pentru juniori. S-a clasat în primele 16 locuri la prima participare la Campionatul Mondial pentru juniori, la Sankt Petersburg. În anul următor, în 1985, a ajuns în finală la Campionatul Mondial pentru juniori de la Arnhem și s-a mulțumit cu argintul. A devenit campioană mondială junioară în 1986 la Stuttgart. La vârsta de 21 de ani a participat la Jocurile Olimpice din 1988 de la Seul, unde s-a clasat pe locul 21.
În anul 1999 s-a căsătorit cu sabrerul Vilmoș Szabo, laureat cu bronz pe echipe la Jocurile Olimpice din 1984. Alături de Claudia Grigorescu, Elisabeta Tufan, Laura Badea și Roxana Dumitrescu, Lazăr-Szabo a cucerit medalia de bronz pe echipe la Jocurile Olimpice din 1984 de la Los Angeles.
În anul următor ea și soțul ei s-au mutat în Germania. Amândoi au devenit antrenori de scrimă la clubul TSV Bayer Dormagen, unde ea s-a legitimat și ca sportivă. A urcat pe cea mai înaltă treaptă a podiumului, atât la individual, cât și la echipe, la Campionatul Mondial din 1994 de la Atena. Doi ani mai târziu, a câștigat medalia de argint pe echipe la Jocurile Olimpice din 1996 de la Barcelona.
În anul 2004, după 21 de ani în lotul național, Lazăr-Szabo s-a retras din competiție, fiindcă nu a putut sa-se califice la ediția olimpica de la Atena. Fiul ei cel mare, Matyas, născut în 1991, este și el un scrimer. El fac parte din lotul Germaniei de sabie, cu care a devenit campion mondial în 2014. Ea a renunțat la cariera de antrenor după nașterea celui de-al doilea fiul, Marc.
În anul 2000 i s-a conferit Crucea Națională „Serviciul Credincios”, clasa a II-a. În anul 2013 a fost selecționată în Hall of Fame-ul Federației Internaționale de Scrimă.
Aeroportul München

Aeroportul München Franz Josef Strauss (IATA: MUC, ICAO: EDDM) (în germană Flughafen München Franz Josef Strauß) este localizat la 28,5km (17m) nord-est de München, Bavaria. Aeroportul se întinde pe teritorii din 4 municipalități: Freising, Oberding (locația terminalelor), Hallbergmoos și Marzling. Aeroportul și-a primit numele în memoria politicianului Franz Josef Strauß.
Vezi interogarea Wikidata.
Materiale media legate de Aeroportul München Franz Josef Strauß la Wikimedia Commons
Vintilă Cristescu

Vintilă Cristescu (n. 1896, Brașov, Austro-Ungaria – d. octombrie 1971) a fost fondatorul clubului Colțea Brașov și conducătorul echipei de-a lungul istoriei de numai 10 ani. Vintilă a fost descendentul căpitanului Sava Cristescu, erou în Bătălia pentru Brașov din Primul Război Mondial. În septembrie 1924 a participat la „Jocurile Panionice” de la Atena. Vintilă Cristescu a fost primul brașovean participant la Jocurile Olimpice din 1928, la cursa de maraton.
A fost de cinci ori campion național la maraton: 1921, 1923, 1925, 1926 și 1927.
Cristescu a fost și colonel în Armata Română care a luptat în al Doilea Război Mondial cu trupele de munte de elită Vânători de munte.
Ansamblul folcloric "Oașul"

Ansamblul Oașul (cunoscut în străinătate și ca Ensemble "Tara Oasului"), este un ansamblu folcloric reprezentativ pentru Țara Oașului (județul Satu Mare, România), înființat în anul 1970.
Ansamblul a fost înființat în anul 1970 în cadrul Casei de Cultură a orașului Negrești-Oaș. În anul 1989 datorită evenimentele din acea perioadă își încetează activitatea, iar în anul 2004 își reia activitatea la inițiativa prof. dr. Natalia Lazăr.
Participă activ la reînvierea unor obiceiuri din Țara Oașului cum ar fi: șezătoarea oșenească , obiceiul de nunta, obiceiul de craciun, obiceiul „cu colacul la nănași”, obiceiul sâmbra oilor, etc. A participat la multe evenimente cu caracter cultural.
Cristian, Brașov

Cristian (German: Neustadt; Hungarian: Keresztényfalva) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Cristian.
The commune is located some 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Brașov, in the Burzenland region of southeastern Transylvania. It is traversed south to north by the Ghimbășel river.
At the 2002 census, Cristian had 3,924 inhabitants; of those, 95.3% were Romanians, 2.9% Transylvanian Saxons, and 1.8% Hungarians. 93.1% were Romanian Orthodox, 2.6% Lutheran, 1.7% Christian Evangelical, 0.8% Reformed, and 0.5% Roman Catholic. At the 2011 census, the population had increased to 4,490, of which 91.63% were Romanians, 1.92% Transylvanian Saxons, and 1.71% Hungarians. At the 2021 census, the population had reached 6,292; of those, 84.85% were Romanians and 1.29% Hungarians.
Ghimbav

Ghimbav (German: Weidenbach; Hungarian: Vidombák) is a town in Brașov County, Transylvania, central Romania.
The town is situated in the southern part of the Transylvanian Plateau, at an altitude of 559 m (1,834 ft), on the banks of the river Ghimbășel. It is located in the Burzenland ethnographic area, in the central part of Brașov County, just 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of the county seat, Brașov.
The town was first mentioned in a letter written in 1420 by King Sigismund of Hungary. He advised the inhabitants of Weidenbach/Ghimbav to join their forces together with the people living in three other neighboring Saxon villages (Petersberg/Sânpetru, Honigberg/Hărman and Brenndorf/Bod) and contribute to the construction of the stone fortress of Brașov.
The Ottomans invaded Ghimbav in 1422. In 1469 a major fire damaged the town. In 1611 the Hungarian prince Gabriel Báthory set fire to several villages in Burzenland (Țara Bârsei); Ghimbav was one of them.
The local church and the bell tower were built around 1300. In the 15th century a fortress was built around the church. It was hit by lightning in 1642 and suffered major damages. In 1666 the city hall was moved inside the fortress as well as several other houses. These houses were demolished in 1940. The defensive walls were partially ruined in the 20th century.
At the 2021 census, Ghimbav had a population of 7,208; of those, 84.56% were ethnic Romanians and 1.96% Hungarians.
IAR, a Romanian builder of helicopters and small planes, is located in Ghimbav. Among other aircraft, it builds the Eurocopter/IAR Puma military transport helicopter.
Premium AEROTEC, a subsidiary of EADS, has also built a factory in Ghimbav.
Ghimbav lies at the intersection of several major national roads:
The Ghimbav train station serves the CFR Main Line 200, which connects Brașov to Timișoara and the border with Hungary at Curtici.
The Brașov-Ghimbav International Airport, opened on June 15, 2023, is located on the northern side of the town.
The 206th Artillery Battalion "General Mihail Lăcătușu" of the 2nd Mountain Troops Brigade is garrisoned in Ghimbav. The Henri Coandă Air Force Academy operates an airfield in Ghimbav.
Ghimbav has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Bod, Brașov

Bod (German: Brenndorf; Hungarian: Botfalu) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Bod and Colonia Bod (Botfalusi Cukorgyártelep).
The commune is located in the eastern part of the county, in the northeastern corner of the Burzenland. It is situated on the left bank of the Olt River, which mostly follows the border with Covasna County. The Ghimbășel River flows through Bod; originally it discharged directly into the Olt, but much of its flow has been diverted into the Bârsa River (another tributary of the Olt), near Colonia Bod.
At Colonia Bod there is one of Romania's largest sugar factories, which is now defunct, and a broadcasting transmitter for long- and medium-wave radio, the Bod Transmitter. The lowest ever recorded temperature in Romania, −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F), was measured in Bod on January 25, 1942.
At the 2011 census, 89.6% of the 3,994 inhabitants were Romanians, 8.5% Hungarians, and 1.1% Germans. At the 2021 census, Bod had a population of 5,097; of those, 85,46% were Romanians and 3.85% Hungarians.
Sender Donebach

The Sender Donebach was a 500-kilowatt long wave radio transmitter operating on 153 kHz and transmitting the program of German public broadcaster Deutschlandfunk. The facility, which was the property of Media Broadcast, was built between 1965 and 1967 on a former airfield, and entered service on March 10, 1967.
It was part of an omnidirectional aerial, consisting of four 200-metre-high radio masts, which were connected using wires on their tops. The middle mast was fed via radio power. This very efficient transmission aerial led to interference with the Romanian transmitter Braşov on the same frequency, so only 70 kilowatts of power were used, instead of 250. But even with this reduced power, interference to Braşov occurred, so in 1972 the radio facility Donebach was rebuilt as a directional aerial with a minimum towards Braşov. Therefore, two radio masts were taken down and the remaining two were rebuilt as umbrella aerials. This made a transmission power of 250 kilowatts possible.
The Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975 set new power limits to the Donebach transmitter and now there was a daytime operation with 500 kilowatts and a night time operation at night time.
This facility was remarkable because
This Antenna was a popular spot among climbers and Base-Jumpers.
Historic Centre of Sighișoara

The Historic Centre of Sighișoara (Sighișoara Citadel) is the old historic center of the town of Sighișoara (German: Schäßburg, Hungarian: Segesvár), Romania, built in the 12th century by Saxon settlers. It is an inhabited medieval citadel that, in 1999, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its 850-year-old testament to the history and culture of the Transylvanian Saxons.
Birthplace of Vlad III the Impaler (in Romanian Vlad Țepeș), Sighișoara hosts, every year, a medieval festival where arts and crafts blend with rock music and stage plays. The city marks the upper boundary of the Land of Sachsen. Like its bigger brothers, Sibiu (Hermannstadt) and Braşov (Kronstadt), Sighișoara exhibits Medieval German architectural and cultural heritage that was preserved even during the Communist period.
The fortress is surrounded by a 9.3 m high wall, originally about 4 m high. Later, the height of the wall was increased in some places to 14 m. The wall was built between the 14th and 17th centuries as protection against Turkish attacks. The wall had 14 towers, 9 of which are preserved to this day. The towers served as the headquarters of various craft guilds.
Media related to Sighişoara at Wikimedia Commons
Bunești, Brașov

Bunești (formerly Bundorf; German: Bodendorf; Hungarian: Szászbuda) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Bunești, Criț, Meșendorf, Roadeș, and Viscri. Each of these has a fortified church. The route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail passes through the villages Roadeș and Criț.
The commune is located in the northern part of the county, on the border with Mureș County. It is 82.7 km (51.4 mi) from Brașov, 57.4 km (35.7 mi) from Făgăraș, and 34.6 km (21.5 mi) from Sighișoara. The commune is at the watershed between the drainage basins of the Olt River and Târnava Mare River. The Gorgan River flows southeast through Viscri, towards the Cozd River, while the Scroafa River flows northeast through the Bunești and Criț villages, eventually discharging into the Târnava Mare.
Viscri's population is of Roma majority, with a few Romanians, and about 20 Germans (namely Transylvanian Saxons) still left. It lies northwest of Rupea and can be reached through Dacia on a 7 km (4.3 mi) unpaved road. The village is best known for the highly fortified Viscri fortified church, originally built around 1100. It is part of the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, designated in 1993 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The first documentation of Viscri is a record of church taxes dated around 1400, in which the village is referred to as being part of the Rupea parish. Its inhabitants consisted of 51 farmers, 1 school master, 3 shepherds and 2 paupers.
The origins of the fortified church date from 1100 when the Székelys built a small church with a single hall and semicircular apse. Around 1185 the church was taken over by Saxon colonists, and the Székelys were forced to settle further north. In the 14th century the eastern part of the church was rebuilt and in 1525, the first fortifications with towers were added. In the 18th century the church was surrounded by a second defense wall. After 1743 a covered corridor for the storage of corn was built. A century later, two chambers in the defense corridor of the bastion were turned into school rooms. The classic 19th-century altar has as centerpiece "the Blessing of the Children" by the painter J. Paukratz from Rupea. The font was made from a capital of the 13th-century church. To this day, the church is surrounded by a cemetery with gravestones dating back to the "Bijelo Brdo culture".
In 2006, the Prince of Wales bought and restored two 18th century Saxon houses in the Transylvanian villages of Mălâncrav and Viscri to help protect the unique way of life that has existed for hundreds of years and promote sustainable tourism. The buildings have been sensitively restored and converted into guesthouses for tourists. They remain in keeping with the surrounding architecture and feature a number of Transylvanian antiques but with modern facilities where possible. The renovation of these buildings has helped provide a sustainable future for the people of rural Transylvania while also enabling residents to maintain their traditional way of life.