davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Oromoo Baabbilee

Oromoo Baabbilee, Baabbilee Qalloo Barentoo Oromoo Ummata oromoo kan Naannawa Hararii f Dangaa Naannoo Soomaalee Qarqara Jiraatuudha. Gosoonni beekkamoon Anaa fi Naannawa kana jiraatan Dooyyoo,Maayaa,Madigaana,Maaruu,Sirbaa,Goonaa fi kkn fakkaataniidha.
Aanaan baabbilee godina Harargee bahaa naannoo Oromiyaa keessatti argamti maqaan baabbilee ja'amuu kuniis kan moggafameef tokko ilmaan oromoo baabbilee qalloo ja'amurrahii.
Aanaa baabbilee kibbaa fi bahaan naannoo somaaleetiin dangeeffamtii dhihaanis fadis kaabaaniis immoo gursumiin daangeeffamtii baabbileen naannoo oromiyaa taatee magalaa naannoo lama giddutti argamtuudha naannoo Harariiti fi naannoo Soomalee.
Akka bara 2007 lakkoofsii ummata Baabbilee 93,708(kuma sagaltamii sadihii fi dhibba torbaa fi saddeeti) kana kessa dhiira 47,178 fi dhalaa 46,530 dha lakkoofsa ummataa kana kessaa 17,712 ykn 18.9% magaalaa kessa jiraatan. Ummata kana kessaa dhibbantaan 95.71% muslima dhibbantaan 3.4 immoo kiristaana.
Sabaa fi sablammiin hedduminaan magalaa tana keessa jiraatan 3(sadihi) isaaniis Oromoo(84.4%) Somalee(10.77%) Amaaraa(3.76%) Kan hafan(1.03%)
Akka afaan jalqabaatii afaan magaala tana kessatti dubbatamuu afaan oromiffaati(84.97%) itti aanee afaan soomaliiti(9.76) kaan immoo afaan amaariffaati(4.58%) kan hafan immoo (0.69%) dha
Flag of Somalia

The national flag of Somalia was adopted on October 12, 1954, and was designed by Mohammed Awale Liban. The flag was initially used within the Trust Territory of Somaliland before being adopted by the short-lived State of Somaliland and the Somali Republic. It is an ethnic flag for the Somali people; the flag's five-pointed star represents the five regions in which Somalis reside.
Beginning in the mid-19th century, areas in the Horn of Africa populated by Somalis were divided among Ethiopia, France, Britain, and Italy. Soon after the creation of the UN Trust Territory of Somaliland during 1950, the Somali Youth League persistently advocated for the creation of a national flag. This was rejected by Italian administrators of the Trusteeship until 1954, when a debate was opened in the territorial council. The SYL, being the most popular political organization in the country initially sought to use the Leagues flag but was rejected outright by rival parties. A deadlock ensued until it was broken by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban who suggested a different symbol from the ones proposed. Liban personally conceived of and designed the flag, and was also used in the short-lived independent State of Somaliland between 26 June 1960 and 1 July 1960.
Public display of the Somali flag is strictly prohibited in Somaliland.
As an ethnic flag, the five-pointed white Star of Unity in its center represents the areas where the Somali ethnic group form the majority: Djibouti, Somaliland (former British protectorate), the Somali region in Ethiopia, the North Eastern Province in Kenya, and Somalia (Italian Somaliland). However, the flag does not represent all the Somali regions anymore, going from an ethnic flag to the national flag of Somalia only. It now officially denotes the sky as well as the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Somali Sea, which flank the country. The blue color of the flag was selected in tribute to the United Nations who helped to form the country of Somalia during its status as a trust territory from 1950–1960.
The following are the flags historically used in the territory of present-day Somalia:
Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein Al Somali

Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein (Somali: Axmed Girri Bin Xussein, Arabic: أحمد جرئ بن حسين) was a Somali military commander and general that served the Adal Sultanate. He played a very prominent role in the campaigns of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi by bringing one of the largest armies to aid the Imam in Jihad. Ahmed Gurey hailed from the Gadabuursi clan. He was regarded one of the most capable generals during the Conquest of Abyssinia alongside Garad Matan.
Born into the prominent mah’ed ases sub clan gadabuursi, a branch of the dir clan, he played a key role in the Muslim conquests of the Horn of Africa by bringing one of the largest armies to Adal. and was mentioned among the honorable knights of the Imam. Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein was the commander of Adal empire . The clan of Ahmed Gurey is confirmed by many scholars to be of the gadabuursi .
Robert Ferry also confirms
The famous Futuh Al-Habasha manuscript was written during the 16th century by Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh, who was present during the rise and fall of the Adal Sultanate as well as the actual jihad. Shihāb al-Dīn would later document about the Ethiopian-Adal War and explicitly about the Somali clans that participated. Arab Faqih notes
It is noted that Ahmad Girri Bin Hussein was one of the most capable Adalite generals alongside Garad Matan. He was the chieftain of the Yabarray clan but also led the Habar Maqdi which was a confederacy between Bartirre and Yabarray. Both are part of the Jidwaaq clan today which are part of the larger Darod clan. But most times he led Yabarray and Bartirre under Habar Maqdi.
Arab Faqih confirms that Habar Maqdi is Bartirre;
French contemporary writer, Amelia Checkroun writes that the Habar Maqdi clan under Ahmed Girri were among the top five Somalis mentioned to have played an important role, the Habar Maqdi were instrumental to the conquest of Abyssinia. Amelia Checkroun further confirms that the Habar Maqdi were a composition of Yabaray and Bartire both of these clans today are identified to be a part of Jidwaaq which is part of the wider Amelia Checkroun writes;
The Imam first conquered the Habar Maqdi for engaging in banditry subsequently making them submit, afterwards the Habar Maqdi made peace with him. Before the Conquest of Abyssinia, the Imam began sending messengers to every tribe in the vicinity of Harar and its surrounding areas. He dispatched a messenger named Ali to the Yabaray and two other messengers to the Geri clan and Marehan.
After the Yabaray accepted the imams call to jihad, Ahmed Girri recruited members from his tribe and united them. The first tribe to arrive in Harar was the Habar Maqdi with their leader Ahmed Girri, who brought one of the largest armies numbering 2000 soldiers, consisting of a confederacy of Yabarray and Bartirre.
Arab Faqih details:
He also notes how the imam was extremely elated at the fact that the Habar Maqdi clan accepted the call to Jihad. The Habr Maqdi clan was among the first tribes to accept Jihad alongside the Geri clan under Garad Matan. It's documented that they encamped in Qasa a place near Harar.
Arab Faqih notes:
Amal Aden

Amal Aden (born 1983) is the pseudonym of a Somali–Norwegian writer. She is an author, lecturer and lesbian activist. Aden is substitute member of the Norwegian Press Complaints Commission and has been a contributor to the newspaper Dag og Tid since January 2013.
Aden was born in Somalia, and became an orphan at the age of four. She was illiterate, and immigrated to Norway through family reunification as a thirteen-year-old in 1996, after living as a street child for seven years. She struggled at first with the meeting of another culture, child protection and other public services which she claims were unable to help her. She ended up in the drug environment in the Oslo city district of Grønland, and lived on the streets of the same city periodically.
Today however, she is self-employed and works as an interpreter for the police, schools and other instances, as well as being an advisor and lecturer for municipalities and other instances. She is the mother of two twins and since 2002 she has lived in Hønefoss.
Amal Aden published her first book in 2008 and has published several books since. She has received several awards, first of them Zola-prisen (a Norwegian prize named after the French writer and intellectual Émile Zola) in 2010 for her work with immigration and integration issues.
In 2013, following her participation in the Oslo Pride Parade, Amal Aden says she received 146 threatening messages. Aden is an outspoken Muslim-lesbian activist.
Aden is the author of several books:
Buraanbur

Buraanbur is a poetic form within traditional Somali poetry. It is usually composed by women. This traditional Somali art form is often recited with drums and paired with a dance. It is commonly performed at weddings and other gatherings.
Somalis have a long tradition of poetry, with several well-developed forms of verse. Of these, the gabay (epic poem) is considered the height of poetic attainment, and is usually composed by men. Its female counterpart is the buraanbur, which is of a lighter measure (miisaan). It serves as the highest women's literary genre, and is subdivided into the hoyal, hoobeeyo and sitaat (religious song) verse forms.
The buraanbur traditionally served as an important and powerful medium used by women throughout Greater Somalia to share their thoughts, experiences and aspirations. Such poems are typically centered on topics relating to females, including child-rearing and marital relations. The poems can also deal with social and political issues in general, and are sometimes accompanied by drums, clapping, and dancing.
Buraanbur has traditionally been an important part of local culture in Greater Somalia. Historically, the verse form was employed during the independence movement. It continues to play an important role by conveying political, social and educational messages and general awareness raising. Poems composed by Halima Godane, Raha Ayaanle Guled and Hawa Jibril were powerful instruments in mobilizing constituencies against the colonial authorities. In this vein, Jibril explained why women joined the struggle against colonialism:
Agios Konstantinos (Ftiótide)

Agios Konstantinos (en griego: Άγιος Κωνσταντίνος) es una ciudad y antigua municipalidad en la Ftiótide, Grecia. Tras las reformas de la división administrativa se convirtió en parte de la municipalidad de Kamena Vourla y tiene actualmente el rango de unidad municipal.​ La unidad municipal tiene un área de 72 292 km.​ Su población era de 3.183 habitantes en 2011.
La ciudad tiene un puerto con conexión regular por ferry a las islas de Skiathos, Skopelos y Alonnisos.​ Estas islas forman parte de las Espóradas (archipiélago septentrional).
MV Agios Georgios

El MV Agios Georgios, también conocido como MV Panagia Tinou, fue un histórico transbordador de tipo Ro-Ro botado en 1972 como MV Hengist. Fue diseñado para operar a través del Canal de la Mancha y prestó servicio en la ruta Folkestone-Boulogne hasta 1991. En 1987, encalló como resultado de la gran tormenta de 1987.​ Prestó servicio con varios operadores antes de ser vendido a Vaggelis Ventouris en 2004 para prestar servicio en las islas griegas.​​
En abril de 2016, se hundió mientras estaba atracado en El Pireo.​ El barco fue reflotado en febrero de 2017 y fue desguazado ese mismo año en Aliağa, Turquía.​
Ruta europea E75

La E 75 forma parte de la red de carreteras europeas internacionales, que es una serie de carreteras principales de Europa.
La E 75 comienza en Vardø, Noruega en el mar de Barents y se dirige al sur atravesando Finlandia, Polonia, República Checa, Eslovaquia, Hungría, Serbia y Macedonia del Norte hasta Sitía, Grecia en la isla de Creta en el mar Mediterráneo.
Desde comienzos de los años noventa hasta 2009, no hubo una conexión por ferry entre Helsinki y Gdańsk. No obstante, Finnlines comenzó un servicio regular entre Helsinki y Gdynia. También es posible tomar un ferry desde Helsinki hasta Tallin y conducir por la E67 desde Tallin a Piotrków Trybunalski en Polonia y seguir con la E75.
La Agencia Europea para la Reconstrucción, una de las Agencias de la Unión Europea, ha contribuido a la reconstrucción de la E 75 en Macedonia del Norte.
Las principales ciudades a lo largo de la E 75 son:
Vardø – Vadsø – Nesseby – Varangerbotn – Tana – Utsjoki – Inari – Ivalo – Sodankylä – Rovaniemi – Kemi – Oulu – Jyväskylä – Heinola – Lahti – Helsinki … Gdynia - Gdańsk – Toruń – Włocławek - Łódź – Piotrków Trybunalski – Częstochowa – Katowice – Bielsko-Biała – Žilina – Bratislava – Győr – Budapest – Szeged – Subotica – Novi Sad – Belgrade – Niš – Leskovac – Vranje – Kumanovo – Skopie – Veles – Gevgelija – Tesalónica – Larisa – Lamia – Atenas … La Canea – Iraklion – Agios Nikolaos – Sitía
Ammoulianí

Ammoulianí o Amoliani (en griego: Αμμουλιανή) es una isla del Mar Egeo, en el Golfo Singítico, cuerpo de agua que separa la península de Sitonia de la de Acté (Monte Athos). Administrativamente, pertenece a la Unidad periférica de Calcídica, dentro de la Periferia de Macedonia Central. La isla cuenta con una población total de 542 habitantes según el censo realizado en 2001: es una de las islas más pobladas de Grecia entre las que no son municipios. Es la única isla habitada de la Unidad periférica de Calcídica y la más cercana al Monte Athos.​
La isla fue una dependencia de Vatopedi hasta 1935, hasta entonces habitada con 2 - 3 monjes con 20 asistentes dedicados al cultivo del olivo, a la ganadería y a la vida religiosa. En ese mismo año, la isla sirvió de refugio a muchos de los griegos expulsados de Asia Menor, especialmente griegos residentes en las islas de Galleme, Passalimani y Skoupia.​
En la actualidad, la isla es parte de la Municipalidad de Estágira y Ácanto. La isla cuenta con una escuela infantil y primaria, una farmacia y una estación de policía.
Los cerca de 500 habitantes permanentes de la isla se dedican a la pesca y al turismo. Algunas de las playas más importantes son las de Alykes, Agios Georgios y la de Megali Ammouda. La parte antigua de la iglesia es el arsenal del puerto, construido con arquitectura típica del Monte Athos. En abril hay 1fiestas en honor a Agios Georgios.
El aeropuerto más cercano es el Aeropuerto de Tesalónica.
El punto más cercano al que se puede llegar en autobús es Trypití, conectado por líneas regulares con Salónica.
Puede llegarse a la isla desde Trypití con el Barco Nocturno (4€ ida y vuelta), o con el ferry (2€ por persona).
Kímolos

Kímolos​ o Cimolos (en griego: Κίμωλος) es una isla griega en el mar Egeo, que pertenece al grupo de islas de las Cícladas, situado en el extremo suroeste de ellas, cerca de la isla más grande de Milos. Se considera como una isla de clase media, rural, no incluida en los puntos turísticos, por lo tanto, la conexión de ferry es a veces de mala calidad. Kímolos es el centro administrativo del municipio de Kímolos, que incluye además las islas deshabitadas de Políegos, Agios Efstathios y Agios Georgios. La superficie de la isla es de 36 km² pero la del municipio alcanza 53,251 km², y reportó una población de 769 habitantes en el censo de 2001.
El puerto de la isla es conocido como Psathí, donde se erige una antigua iglesia del siglo XVII. La capital de la isla es Kímolos o Chora, con 700 habitantes. Está situada a un kilómetro del puerto, en lo alto de una colina. En el pueblo de Prassa, hay aguas radioactivas. La Necrópolis de Hellenika es uno de sus grandes atractivos turísticos. Al sureste se halla el islote de Políegos.​
Estrabón menciona Cimolos destacando que en ella se obtenía la cimolita,​ un silicato de aluminio que se solía usar como jabón.​ La ciudad de Cimolos fue miembro de la Liga de Delos puesto que aparece en los registros de tributos a Atenas del año 416/5 a. C.​
En el 338 a. C. hay documentada una disputa entre Cimolos y Melos por la posesión de las tres pequeñas islas de Políegos, Eteria y Libia que fue sometida al arbitraje de Argos, cuya decisión fue favorable a Cimolos.​​
Arquidiócesis de Puerto Montt

La arquidiócesis de Puerto Montt (en latín: Archidioecesis Portus Montt) es una circunscripción eclesiástica de la Iglesia católica en Chile. Se trata de una arquidiócesis latina, sede metropolitana de la provincia eclesiástica de Puerto Montt. Desde el 27 de diciembre de 2019 su arzobispo es Luis Fernando Ramos Pérez.
La diócesis de Puerto Montt fue erigida el 1 de abril de 1939 con la bula Summi Pontificatus del papa Pío XII, obteniendo el territorio de la diócesis de San Carlos de Ancud. Originalmente fue sufragánea de la arquidiócesis de la Santísima Concepción.​ Su primer obispo fue Ramón Munita Eyzaguirre (1939-1957), sucedido por Alberto Rencoret Donoso (1958-1969), quien a partir de 1963 fue su primer arzobispo.
El 15 de noviembre de 1955 cedió una porción de su territorio para la erección de la diócesis de Osorno mediante la bula Christianorum del papa Pío XII.​
El 10 de mayo de 1963 fue elevada al rango de arquidiócesis metropolitana con la bula Apostolicae Sedis del papa Juan XXIII.​
Entre 1970 y 1974, la arquidiócesis estuvo a cargo de Jorge Hourton como administrador apostólico. El segundo arzobispo de Puerto Montt fue Eladio Vicuña Aránguiz (1974-1987), quien dejó su cargo luego de la visita del papa Juan Pablo II; en 1987-1988 fue regida por el administrador apostólico Leandro Serna Serna. El tercero fue el servita Bernardo Cazzaro(1988-2001), quedando después Daniel Acuña Burgos como administrador apostólico (27 de febrero-31 de marzo de 2001) hasta que asumió en esta última fecha Cristián Caro Cordero.
El 11 de junio de 2018 el papa Francisco aceptó la renuncia al gobierno pastoral de la arquidiócesis de Puerto Montt, y nombró administrador apostólico de la arquidiócesis de Puerto Montt (sede vacante ad nutum Sanctae Sedis), a Ricardo Morales Galindo, provincial de la Orden de la Merced en Chile.
Desde el 11 de junio de 2018, la arquidiócesis estaba gobernada por el administrador apostólico, mercedario Ricardo Morales Galindo y desde el día 27 de diciembre de 2019 a las 08:00 horas de Chile, la nunciatura apostólica en Chile informó que el papa Francisco nombró a Fernando Ramos Pérez como nuevo arzobispo de Puerto Montt. La catedral es la iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Carmen (1856).
El 27 de diciembre de 2019, la nunciatura apostólica informó que el papa Francisco, nombró a Fernando Ramos Pérez como nuevo arzobispo de Puerto Montt.​
La arquidiócesis tiene 17 664 km² y extiende su jurisdicción sobre los fieles católicos de rito latino residentes en parte de la región de Los Lagos, comprendiendo la provincia de Llanquihue y la comuna de Hualaihué de la provincia de Palena en la región de Los Lagos.
La sede de la arquidiócesis se encuentra en la ciudad de Puerto Montt, en donde se halla la Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, construida en 1870 en estilo dórico.
La arquidiócesis tiene como sufragáneas a las diócesis de: Osorno, Punta Arenas y San Carlos de Ancud y al vicariato apostólico de Aysén.
En 2021 en la arquidiócesis existían 32 parroquias agrupadas en 4 decanatos:​
Según el Anuario Pontificio 2022 la arquidiócesis tenía a fines de 2021 un total de 307 000 fieles bautizados.
Conurbación Puerto Montt-Puerto Varas

La conurbación Puerto Montt-Puerto Varas —o área metropolitana de Puerto Montt o Gran Puerto Montt— es un núcleo en proceso de conurbación ubicado en la provincia de Llanquihue (región de Los Lagos), en la zona sur de Chile; está compuesta por las comunas de Puerto Montt, Puerto Varas, Llanquihue y por la localidad de Alerce en la comuna de Puerto Montt.​​
El área se encuentra en proceso de conurbación, sin embargo el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas ya utiliza el concepto para medir la población urbana de la zona geográfica ubicada entre el seno de Reloncaví y el lago Llanquihue, comprendiendo en ella a Puerto Montt y Puerto Varas debido a la facilidad de desplazamiento, la conectividad vial, la cercanía, sumado a la estrecha relación comercial y cultural entre las comunas que, en su conjunto, de acuerdo al Censo de 2017, cuenta con 308.071 habitantes,​​ lo que la convierte en la novena área metropolitana más poblada del país, y la segunda de la zona sur por detrás del Gran Temuco.​​​​
La conurbación Puerto Montt-Puerto Varas es sede de una serie de instituciones de relaciones internacionales, tales como la Unidad Regional de Asuntos Internacionales (URAI) del Gobierno Regional de Los Lagos en Puerto Montt, encargada del análisis y gestión de las relaciones bilaterales y multilaterales de la región con América Latina y el resto del mundo, la Comisión de Turismo y Relaciones Internacionales del Consejo Regional de Los Lagos, la oficina regional en Puerto Montt del Servicio Nacional de Migraciones, la oficina regional en Puerto Montt de la Dirección General de Promoción de Exportaciones (ProChile), el Departamento de Migraciones y Policía Internacional de la Policía de Investigaciones en Puerto Montt, el Encargado/a de Relaciones Internacionales de la Municipalidad de Puerto Montt,​ y las Oficinas Migrante de las municipalidades de Puerto Montt y Puerto Varas.​
En materia de internacionalización en educación superior, el principal actor dentro de la Región de los Lagos es la Dirección de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad de Los Lagos.​
El transporte de la ciudad de Puerto Montt y su conurbación cuenta con una gran variedad de recorridos de autobuses y de taxis colectivos.
La ciudad cuenta con los siguientes servicios y empresas de transporte:
Empresa Marítima del Estado

La Empresa Marítima del Estado (Empremar) fue una empresa estatal naviera chilena, creada por el DFL N.º 388 del 27 de julio de 1953, transformada en la Empresa Marítima S.A. en 1989 y privatizada en 1995.
Empremar es creado a partir del Departamento Marítimo (Ferronave), fundado por la Empresa de los Ferrocarriles del Estado en 1938 y que estaba encargado del transporte marítimo entre Puerto Montt y Punta Arenas. Su forma legal fue entregada mediante el decreto supremo 1817 del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Comercio, promulgado el 27 de octubre de 1939.​
Empremar debía:
Transformado en sociedad anónima denominada Empresa Marítima S.A. en enero de 1989 por la Ley 18.773, que para todos los efectos legales podía seguir usando las siglas Empremar. Sus accionistas eran Corfo (99%) y el Fisco (1%). En abril de 1995 la Corfo licita un 67% del paquete accionario siendo adquirido por la empresa minera Salina de Punta de Lobos.
Primera Angostura

Primera Angostura es un seno del Estrecho de Magallanes en la región chilena de Región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena. Se encuentra cerca de Punta Delgada y tiene un ancho mínimo de 3.7 km (2 millas náuticas) y un largo de 16 km (9 millas náuticas).
Se encuentra entre la comuna de San Gregorio, en la provincia de Magallanes, al norte, y la comuna de Primavera, en la Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, al sur. Es la parte más angosta del estrecho entre el continente y la isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. El seno fue nombrado Primera Angostura, ya que es la primera angostura del estrecho que los buques atraviesan cuando se navega a través del estrecho de este a oeste.
En ese sector del estrecho las aguas tienen características atlánticas, tales como la salinidad y el régimen de mareas, que alcanzan los 10 metros generando una corriente que atraviesa la Primera Angostura con velocidades de hasta 8 nudos. En el sector intermedio entre la Primera y la Segunda Angostura se produce la mezcla de las aguas del Océano Atlántico con las del Océano Pacífico, disminuyendo la altura de las mareas.​
La compañía naviera Transbordadora Austral Broom SA opera a través del seno, ya que es lugar de transbordos entre el continente y la isla de Tierra del Fuego, a través de la Ruta CH-257.
Angostura de Nuestra Señora de Esperanza fue el nombre con que la bautizó Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Calle General Pedro Lagos

La Calle General Pedro Lagos (también conocido como General Lagos) es una antigua calle de la ciudad chilena de Valdivia, en la provincia homónima de la Región de Los Ríos. Comienza por el sur en la intersección con la calle Miraflores (altura Campus Miraflores de la Universidad Austral de Chile), y por el norte en la intersección con calle Yerbas Buenas y corre paralela al río Valdivia. Su nombre se debe a Pedro Lagos (1832-1884), destacado militar chileno durante la Guerra del Pacífico.
En esta calle se ubican diversas casonas familiares de madera, construidas a mediados del siglo XIX producto de la llegada de inmigrantes alemanes durante el período de pujanza económica —agrícola, ganadera, naviera y forestal— de la ciudad, a comienzos de la época republicana. Estas casonas, así como el Torreón Los Canelos, en la intersección con la calle Yerbas Buenas y construido en 1774 durante la época colonial, sobrevivieron al gran incendio de 1909 y al terremoto de 1960, el más potente registrado en la historia de la humanidad.​ Muy cerca del torreón, por la calle Yerbas Buenas, se ubica también la Iglesia de San Francisco,​ construida en el siglo XVIII.
Desde el año 1991, la calle es considerada Monumento nacional de Chile, en la categoría de «Zona Típica»​ La Iglesia de San Francisco y el Torreón Los Canelos también son Monumentos nacionales.​​
Entre las casonas que destacan en la calle se encuentran las de Martens-Hoffmann, Kaheni, Gaete-García, Lopetegui Mena, von Stillfried, Werkmeister, Ehrenfeld y el conjunto Haverbeck, una excompañía naviera transformada en hotel. Varias otras han ido desapareciendo producto de incendios o falta de mantención, mientras que algunos vecinos se han preocupado en la mantención de otras, teniendo especial importancia en esto último la adquisición de algunas de ellas por parte de la Universidad Austral de Chile.​
Puente transbordador de Rochefort

El puente transbordador de Rochefort atraviesa el río Charente entre las ciudades de Rochefort (Charente Marítimo) y Échillais, en Francia. Fue proyectado por el ingeniero francés Ferdinand Arnodin, que también diseñó el puente de Vizcaya, que une las dos márgenes de la ría de Bilbao. Fue inaugurado en julio de 1900.
Fue abandonado en 1967, para ser sustituido por un puente de elevación vertical, que a su vez fue demolido en 1991, pocos meses después de la apertura de un nuevo puente de carretera de doble calzada, el viaducto de Martrou. Sin embargo, el transborador se reabrió en 1994 y constituye actualmente un monumento histórico clasificado, que puede ser utilizado por peatones y ciclistas en el periodo entre abril y octubre.​
El puente transbordador es una estructura que conecta las dos orillas del Charente, entre las ciudades de Rochefort y Échillais sin obstaculizar la navegación del río y constituye el último puente transbordador existente en Francia.
Este puente tiene su basamento en 8 pilares de mampostería, con una profundidad de 19,5 metros en la costa norte (Rochefort) y 8,5 metros en la costa sur (Échillais), sobre los que se levantan 4 torres de metal de 66,25 metros que se encuentran 2 × 2 en ambos lados de la Charente. Un tablero de 175,50 metros de largo, a una altura de 50 metros sobre el agua, conecta las cuatro torres.
Los trabajos de construcción del puente y reemplazar un ferry que resultaba insuficiente para cubrir el tráfico existente, comenzaron en marzo de 1898 y terminaron en julio de 1900, bajo la dirección del ingeniero Ferdinand Arnodin.
El puente fue inaugurado 29 de julio de 1900, después de 27 meses de trabajo. El coste ascendió a 586.500 francos de ese momento, y puede trasladar hasta 200 personas. Su capacidad es de 14 toneladas. La travesía dura 75 segundos.
Çanakkale

La ciudad de Çanakkale (pronunciado /tʃa'nakale/ en el AFI, o "chanácale" en español), antes en griego Dardanelos, es una ciudad y puerto de Turquía, perteneciente a la provincia homónima, sobre la costa asiática de los Dardanelos (o Helesponto). Existe un servicio de transbordador que la une con la costa europea, al norte del estrecho. Su población es de 86.544 habitantes​ (2007).
También es la mayor ciudad cercana a las ruinas de Troya. El caballo de madera que se utilizó en la película Troya se exhibe en el malecón. Çanakkale fue originalmente una fortaleza otomana llamada Kale-i Sultaniye (Fortaleza del Sultán) y después tomó fama por su alfarería, origen de su nombre moderno (del turco: çanak = "cerámica" y kale = "fortaleza"). A veces Çanakkale aparece nombrada como "Chanak".
Aeródromo de Chaitén

El Aeródromo de Chaitén (OACI: SCTN) es un aeródromo ubicado a 5 km al sureste del centro de Chaitén, Chile. Es administrado por la Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil de Chile.
Inaugurado el año 1994 para fomentar turismo y aumentar el transporte hacia y desde Chaitén. El 2 de mayo de 2008 fue cerrado para la aviación comercial y civil, debido a la erupción del volcán Chaitén. Pero para la aviación militar aún sigue su funcionamiento, exceptuando algunos días de alto riesgo.
Agios Nikolaos, Zakynthos

Agios Nikolaos (Greek: Άγιος Νικόλαος) is a small settlement on the island of Zakynthos, Greece. It is located approximately 30 kilometres northwest of Zakynthos City. It has a population of 42, according to a census conducted in 2001. Administratively, it belongs to the village of Volimes, located around 10 kilometres inland.
Despite small size, Agios Nikolaos houses an important harbour, as it is a starting point of ferry boats to Pesada in Kephalonia. Two ferries a day run in the summer season. Small boats drive tourists to nearby Cape Skinari, the northernmost point of the island, and Blue Caves on the coast between. The caves are shallow orifices in the white cliffs, combined with numerous rock arches. They are named after the turquoise blue colour of the sea. An islet, also named Agios Nikolaos, lies off the coast, protecting the harbour from northerly winds.
37°54′20″N 20°42′21″E﻿ / ﻿37.90556°N 20.70583°E﻿ / 37.90556; 20.70583
Fast Ferries (Greece)

Fast Ferries is a Greek ferry company operating from the Greek mainland to the Cyclades islands in the Aegean Sea. The company was founded in 1989 by Panagiotakis Bros. and currently operates a fleet of ro-ro ferries.
In a joint venture with Golden Star Ferries, the HSC Express high-speed craft was acquired in late 2018, expected to enter service in the summer of 2019. However, in May 2019, the venture was dissolved and the vessel was wholly acquired by Golden Star Ferries.
As of December 2024, Fast Ferries operates the following fleet of Conventional Ferries:
1971 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby

The 1971 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was won by the selection of Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires that beat in the final the selection of Unión de Rugby de Rosario
There were two tours in 1971: Argentina visited South Africa in tour, playing against the "Gazelles", the South African Under-23. (see 1971 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa).
1971 saw the selection of Oxford & Cambridge visited Argentina (1971 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina). As usual, Argentina won South American Rugby Championship (1971 South American Rugby Championship). The Buenos Aires Championship was won by San Isidro Club, the Cordoba Province Championship was won by Tala, and the North-East Championship was won by Universitario Tucuman.
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Scory system: try = 3 points, conversion=2 point, penalty kick, and kick from mark=3 points. Drop = 3 points.
Mar del Plata: L. Rodríguez, D. Filippa, F. Uriaguereca, C. Sosa (cap), G. Severino, R. Lerario, R. Caparelli, E. Feullasier, M. Riego, C. Etchegaray, W. Heath, D. Cordasco, R. Sepe, F. Rossi, R. Bonomo. Buenos Aires:' M. Alonso, N. Pérez, M. Pascual, A. Travaglini, M. Walther, A. Etchegaray, R. Matarazzo, N. Carbone, J. Wittman, H. Silva, A. Otaño, A. Anthony, O. Carbone, J. Dumas, L. García Yáñez
Mendoza: J. Castro, M. Brandi, R. Tarquini, O. Terranova, E. Candia, C. Navesi, L. Chacón, J. Navesi, E. Casale, J. Nasazzi, A. Cataneo, E. Sánchez, C. González, l. Ramos, R. Irañeta. Rosario :'J. Seaton, G. Blanco, A. Fosse, C. Blanco, C. García, J. Scilabra, S. Furno, M. Bouza, J. Fradua, R. Fariello
Cuyo: E. Naviera, M. Brandi, E. Gandía, D. Muñiz, C. Dora, C. Navesi (cap), L. Chacón, R. Irañeta, L. Ramos, C. González, C. Schmidt, E. Sánchez, A. Granata, J. Nasazzi, J. Navesi Mar del Plata: J. Viders, L. Rodríguez, C. Sosa (cap), F. Uriaguereca, G. Severino, R. Lerario, R. Caparelli, E. Feullasier, M. Riego, C. Etchegaray, W. Heath, D. Cordasco, R. Bonomo, F. Rossi, R. Sepe.
Buenos Aires: M. Alonso, N. Pérez, A. Travaglini, M. Pascual, M. Walther, R. Matarazzo, A. Etchegaray, N. Carbone, J. Wittman, H. Silva (cap), A. Otaño, A. Anthony, O. Carbone, J. Dumas, L. García Yáñez Rosario:'J. Seaton, C. García, A. Fasce, C. Blanco, G. Blanco, J. Scilabra, M. Escalante, J. Imhoff, M. Chesta (cap), V. Macat, M. Senatore, R. Suárez, S. Furno, J. Fradua, R. Fariello
Chaitén

Chaitén (/tʃaɪˈtɛn/, chy-TEN) is a Chilean town, commune and former capital of the Palena Province in Los Lagos Region. The town is north of the mouth of Yelcho River, on the east coast of the Gulf of Corcovado. The town is strategically close to the northern end of the Carretera Austral, where the highway goes inland. The Desertores Islands are part of the commune.
The town was evacuated in May 2008 when the Chaitén volcano erupted for the first time in more than 9,000 years. The eruption, which commenced May 2, became more violent on May 5, throwing up a high plume of ash and sulfurous steam that rose to 19 miles (31 km), from which ashfall drifted across Patagonia and over the Atlantic Ocean. During 2005 small earthquakes occurred below Chaitén and the nearby Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone.
The town was completely flooded on May 12, 2008, after a lahar caused the banks of the Blanco River to overflow about 200 m (660 ft) on each side. Over the subsequent weeks, the river excavated a new course through Chaitén, completely destroying a significant part of it by July 2008. This process is still ongoing; it is unclear how extensive the damage will ultimately be. Some defensive work has been undertaken by the government, but they ultimately decided to abandon the town, relocating and compensating all residents. The provincial capital was provisionally moved to Futaleufú after the eruption breakout, but the capital shift was later on declared permanent. The future of the town has become a matter of political controversy in Chile.
On February 25, 2009, the government announced plans to rebuild Chaitén 10 km (6.2 mi) north of its current location in a coastal place known as Santa Bárbara or "Fandango Norte". On March 3, 2009, construction work on the new town's administrative facilities started.
On April 9, 2011, president Sebastián Piñera announced a program to rebuild the town on its existing northern area, reversing plans by the previous administration to move the town to a different location farther north.
Nearby attractions include:
Chaitén Airfield

Chaitén Airfield (Spanish: Aeródromo Chaitén, (IATA: WCH, ICAO: SCTN)) was an airport serving Chaitén, a town in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. The airport was damaged and closed after the 2008 eruption of Chaitén Volcano.
A provisional airstrip was established 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) away at the hamlet of Santa Bárbara, by widening 700 metres (2,300 ft) of the Carretera Austral highway.
In 2013, construction began on Nuevo Chaitén Airport, which then assumed the ICAO and IATA codes of the closed airport. The new airport is 18 kilometres (11 mi) northwest of Chaitén.
Chaitén Pumalín Airport

Pumalín Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Pumalín, (ICAO: SCUI)) is an airport on Isla Llahuen, the easternmost of the islands separating the Gulf of Ancud from the Gulf of Corcovado. The runway is on a spit at the entrance of the small Pumalín Bay, 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-northwest of Chaitén, a city in the Los Lagos Region of Chile.
Approach and departures are over the water.
The Chaiten non-directional beacon (Ident: TEN) is 14.7 nautical miles (27.2 km) south-southeast of the airport.
Chile Route 5

Chile Highway 5 or Route 5 known locally as Ruta 5 is Chile's longest route, 3,364 kilometres (2,090 mi). It is part of the Pan-American Highway.
It runs from the Peruvian border connecting with Peru Highway 1 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of Arica to Puerto Montt where it connects by ferry to the island of Chiloé. It passes through Santiago, the country's capital, where it is called Autopista Central.
From the north border with Peru to north of Caldera, Ruta 5 is a two lane paved road with a speed limit of 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph). From Caldera to Puerto Montt, the road was upgraded to a 4-lane freeway with 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph) as speed limit, 20% faster than Chile's common 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) maximum speed limit. The highway ends in Puerto Montt, but it divides into two routes, one crossing the Chacao Channel that separates Chiloé from the continent, reaching it´s end in Quellón, and another route named Carretera Austral (Spanish for Southern Highway) that was opened in the 1980s. The southern part of Ruta 5 crosses long extensions of native woods and important cities.
South of Caldera to Puerto Montt (1,903 kilometres or 1,182 miles) it is a 4 lane divided highway and toll road for the most part. It is Chile's longest freeway. The speed limit on the freeway is 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph) and as of May 2007 drivers must travel with their lights on all day long.
Four tunnels are part of Route 5, namely El Melón, La Calavera I, La Calavera II and Angostura, which have lengths of 2,543 m (8,343 ft), 298 m (978 ft), 298 m (978 ft), 341 m (1,119 ft) respectively. Each one of them carries two lanes of traffic, except El Melón Tunnel, the only tunnel that carries a lane in each direction.
Carretera Austral

The Carretera Austral (CH-7, in English: Southern Way) is the name given to Chile's Route 7. The highway runs south for about 1,240 kilometers (770 mi) from Puerto Montt to Villa O'Higgins, passing through rural Patagonia.
Carretera Austral provides road access to Chile's Aysén Region and southern parts of Los Lagos Region. These areas are sparsely populated and despite its length, Carretera Austral provides access to only about 100,000 people. The largest city along the entire road is Coyhaique with a population of 53,715 in 2010.
Construction of the highway was commenced in 1976 under the military dictatorship era in order to connect a number of remote communities. Before that, in the 1950s and 1970s, there had been unsuccessful attempts to build access roads in the region. It is among the most ambitious infrastructure projects developed in Chile during the 20th century. The engineering corps of the Chilean Army used thousands of conscripts from 1975 to 1985 to build the road. Dictator Augusto Pinochet is said to have made annual visits well into the 1990s to follow the progress of the road. General Hernán Abad was for long in charge of its construction.
As it was constructed during the military dictatorship, the Carretera Austral bears the unofficial name of the Augusto Pinochet highway.
Carretera Austral has a strategic meaning due to the difficult access by land to a significant portion of Chile's southern territory. This area is characterized by thick forests, fjords, glaciers, channels and steep mountains. Access by sea and air is also a complex task due to extreme winter weather conditions. For decades, most of the land transportation had to cross the border to Argentina in order to reach again Chile's Patagonia. These difficulties were deepened during the 1970s due to the Beagle Conflict. In order to strengthen the Chilean presence in these isolated territories and ensure the land connection to the rest of the country, the government planned the construction of this road, which was executed by the Chilean Army's Engineering Command. More than 10,000 soldiers worked on its construction.
The highway opened to traffic in 1988, and by 1996 was completed to Puerto Yungay. The last 100 kilometers (62 mi) to Villa O'Higgins were opened in 2000. In 2003, a branch road to Caleta Tortel was finished.
Traveling the entire route requires the use of three ferry services:
The highway began as almost entirely unpaved, but more sections are becoming paved each year. As of March 2018, the paved road ends at Villa Cerro Castillo, with roadworks going on just south of there.
There is also a plan to extend the road to Magallanes Region, which still lacks domestic road connection to the rest of Chile. This means constructing a 935-kilometre (581 mi) branch Rio Bravo-Ventisquero Montt-Puerto Natales, with 9 ferry crossings planned. By January 2007, the construction on the Rio Bravo-Ventisquero Montt section had begun, with the branch off point from the main Rio Bravo-Villa O'Higgins road being at 48°00′S 73°08′W﻿ / ﻿48.00°S 73.13°W﻿ / -48.00; -73.13.
Navimag

Navimag (Naviera Magallanes S.A.) is a ferry operator in Chile. The company operates two routes carrying passengers and vehicles:
The company also operates services from Puerto Montt and Puerto Chacabuco to Laguna San Rafael.
The company was formed in 1979, when cargo services between Puerto Montt and Punta Arenas were started. Passenger services to Puerto Natales and Laguna San Rafael were added in 1985.
In 2000 the Magallanes joined the fleet second hand. Built in 1977/78 in Japan, she was renamed Evangelistas in 2007. During her two-decades long career with Navimag she spent most of her time on the route to Puerto Natales. After her replacement 2020 by the Esperanza she was scrapped in India.
The Puerto Edén was used principally to Chacabuco.
In late 2009 Amadeo 1 joined the fleet and early 2014 Navimag began operating the Edén along Amadeo 1 as operational Ro-ro ferries to Puerto Natales.
On August 18, 2014 en route to Puerto Natales, Navimag ferry Amadeo 1, struck a rock in the Kirke Channel near Puerto Natales. The collision caused a starboard breach of the hull and the ship took on water. Amadeo 1 capsized in the shallow water, with most of the ship lying above the water line.
During the following year, Navimag determined that the ship was not salvageable. With the assistance of the Armada de Chile, the Amadeo 1 was scuttled in 2,700-meter-deep waters off Diego de Almagro Island, Chile on September 21, 2015.
In 2016, Navimag purchased the Trinidad I to join Evangelistas on the Puerto Montt route while Edén took over the service to Chacabuco.
In 2020, the Chinese-built Esperanza entered service, replacing Evangelistas. This new passenger-freight ferry will carry up 244 passengers along with vehicles at a maximum speed of 13 knots.
Official website
Santo Domingo, Chile

Santo Domingo is a Chilean coastal city and commune in San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region. It was founded as Rocas de Santo Domingo (St. Dominic's Rocks).
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Santo Domingo spans an area of 536.1 km (207 sq mi) and has 7,418 inhabitants (3,811 men and 3,607 women). Of these, 4,737 (63.9%) lived in urban areas and 2,681 (36.1%) in rural areas. The population grew by 19.3% (1,200 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.
As a commune, Santo Domingo is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde was Fernando Rodríguez Larraín.
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Santo Domingo is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by María José Hoffmann (UDI) and Víctor Torres (PDC) as part of the 15th electoral district, (together with San Antonio, Cartagena, El Tabo, El Quisco, Algarrobo and Casablanca). The commune is represented in the Senate by Francisco Chahuán Chahuán (RN) and Ricardo Lagos Weber (PPD) as part of the 6th senatorial constituency (Valparaíso-Coast).
Sea of Crete

The Sea of Crete (Greek: Κρητικό Πέλαγος, Kritiko Pelagos), or Cretan Sea, is a sea, part of the Aegean Sea, located in its southern extremity, with a total surface area of 45,000 km (17,000 sq mi). The sea stretches to the north of the island of Crete, east of the islands of Kythera and Antikythera, south of the Cyclades, and west of the Dodecanese islands of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kassos. The bounding sea to the west is the Ionian Sea. To the northwest is the Myrtoan Sea, a subdivision of the Mediterranean Sea that lies between the Cyclades and Peloponnese. To the east-southeast is the rest of the Mediterranean Sea, sometimes credited as the Levantine Sea. Across the island of Crete, to the opposite shore of it begins the Libyan Sea. Ferry routes to and from Piraeus and Heraklion, as well as the southern islands of the Aegean and the Dodecanese, run in this area.
Just off the coastline of Northeastern Crete, the sea reaches a maximum depth of near 3,293 m (10,000 ft). Other sources (maps) show a maximum depth of 2,591 m (8,500 ft).
36°N 25°E﻿ / ﻿36°N 25°E﻿ / 36; 25
Ierissos

Ierissos (Greek: Ιερισσός) is a small town on the east coast of the Akti peninsula in Chalkidiki, Greece. It is located 115 km from Thessaloniki, and 10 km from the border of the Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain, or Mount Athos. It is the site of Ancient city and former bishopric Hierissus, and as such remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Ferries run from Ierissos to the east coast of Mount Athos.
Since the 2011 local government reform Ierissos has been the seat of the municipality of Aristotelis, and of the municipal unit of Stagira-Akanthos.
The name of Ierissos is derived from the Latin Ericius, a translation of Akanthos, the name of the ancient city (also Latinized as Acanthus) located on a ridge bordering the southeast side of the town, 0.6 km (2,000 ft) from it.
Akanthos, near mount Athos, was an Ancient Greek city in the Roman province of Macedonia Prima (civil diocese of Macedonia)) During the Byzantine era Erissos was the seat of a bishopric, evidenced from 883 (see below). From the 10th century onwards, the town's history is indissolubly linked with that of Mount Athos. In 942 there were disputes between Ierissos and the monks of Mount Athos over the borders between Ierissos and the monastic community's lands and, the following year, the differences were settled in person by a large commission of major politicians and church officials.
In the summer of 1425, Ierissos came into the hands of the Turks. During that time the Venetians, starting from Cassandreia, landed on the coastline of Ierissos, burnt down the settlement (by then only a large village) and its surroundings and (on departure) set alight the castle and five towers. Under Ottoman rule, Ierissos was one of the privileged Mademochoria. In 1821 Ierissos took part in the Greek War of Independence and during the repression the village was burnt down by the Turks and a large number of residents killed.
In 1932 the village was destroyed by a powerful earthquake, with 121 people killed and approximately 500 injured. After the earthquake the new Ierissos was built in its current position, a little north west of the ancient city.
The bishopric was a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Thessalonica, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
Its only historically documented bishop was Elia, flourishing in 1054, known from a seal.
The diocese was nominally restored in 1927 as Latin Catholic Titular bishopric of Hierisus (Latin) / Geriso (Curiate Italian; ). It was renamed in 1929 Hierissus (Latin) / Geriso (dropped in 1933) or Gerisso (Italian) / Hierissen(sis) (Latin adjective).
It is vacant, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:
Villa Puerto Edén

Villa Puerto Edén is a Chilean hamlet and minor port located in Wellington Island, in Natales commune, Última Esperanza Province, Magallanes Region. It is considered one of Chile's most isolated inhabited places together with Easter Island and Villa Las Estrellas. The village is known for being the home of the last Kawéshkar people. Owing to the large tidewater glaciers caused by the region’s super-high precipitation, it is only accessible by sea, on the Navimag ferry from Puerto Montt in the north, or Puerto Natales in the south. There is also a monthly boat from Caleta Tortel.
The population is 176 (2002 census). Owing to the extraordinarily humid climate the village has no roads, with only pedestrian boardwalks connecting the houses and shops. A weekly transport boat takes local fish and shellfish products (the latter mainly mussels) to markets. Margarita Vargas López, a member of the Chilean Constitutional Convention, was born and raised in Villa Puerto Edén.
Villa Puerto Edén has an extremely wet subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) and is widely reputed to be the place in the world with the highest frequency of rainfall, though according to Guinness World Records the highest frequency of rain in a year occurred at Bahia Felix, a little further south, with only eighteen rainless days in the whole of 1916. The annual rainfall is almost exactly equal to that of Little Port Walter in the similarly wet Alaska Panhandle, but is more evenly spread across the year, with a minimum average monthly rainfall of 375 millimetres (14.8 in) as against 200 millimetres (7.9 in) in Little Port Walter.