davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
VTV (Uruguay)

VTV es un canal de televisión abierta uruguayo cuya programación generalista, está enfocada en los eventos deportivos, la información y el entretenimiento.
Fue fundado el 20 de enero de 2003, siendo dirigido y operado por la empresa Tenfield. Su nombre formal en ese entonces era VTV Uruguaya ("Ver televisión uruguaya"), aunque siempre se lo denominó comercialmente como VTV.​
En 2013 fue lanzada su segunda señal bajo el nombre VTV+, actualmente VTV Plus. En ese año, el canal comienza a emitir toda su programación en la relación de aspecto 16:9.​
Cuenta con una amplia programación periodística, de actualidad e entretenimiento, así como también deportiva, habiendo gran variedad de programas, además de las transmisiones de los eventos de los diferentes deportes del país.​
Club Ciclista Alas Rojas de Santa Lucía

El Club Ciclista Alas Rojas de Santa Lucía​ es un equipo ciclista uruguayo amateur, fundado el 1 de agosto de 1963, su sede se encuentra en la ciudad de Santa Lucía, en el departamento de Canelones, a 60 kilómetros de Montevideo.
Su primera aparición importante fue en 1967, cuando Dumas Rodríguez culminó 2.º en la desaparecida carrera Mil Millas Orientales.
En la década de 1970, el club logró un 2.º puesto con Humberto Grasso en la Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay de 1973, Waldemar Pedrazzi ganó Rutas de América en 1974 y Diver Ferrari fue tercero en la Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay de 1976.
Luego sobrevino una decadencia, que tuvo al club alejado de las competiciones ciclísticas de Uruguay por varios años.
Retomó la actividad a mediados de la década 1990; y Milton Wynants le dio el triunfo en Rutas de América 1998.
A partir de 2000 ha sido la época más fructífera del club en cuanto a resultados deportivos, ya que logró vencer en 5 oportunidades en la Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay (Javier Gómez, Richard Mascarañas, ambos en dos ocasiones y Néstor Pías una vez) y 5 ediciones de Rutas de América; 2 de Hernán Cline y una de Javier Gómez, Néstor Pías y Héctor Aguilar.
En 2013, en el marco de su 50.º aniversario, junto a la empresa de productos cárnicos Schneck se decidió iniciar un nuevo proyecto y cambiar la simple colaboración, por una puesta al día con lo que es hoy el ciclismo en el mundo, donde las empresas invierten en el producto deportivo. Esta reestructuración del marketing deportivo llevó a cambiar el tradicional nombre por el de Schneck-Alas Rojas, y desde 2015 oficialmente Schneck Ciclismo,​ como anteriormente lo había hecho otro equipo, el BROU-Flores.​ Esa unión empresa-club duró hasta 2017, cuando Schneck retiró el patrocinio y el club volvió a su nombre anterior de Alas Rojas.​
1967
Para la temporada 2014-2015 Richard Mascarañas, Jorge Bravo, Néstor Pías y Robert Méndez continuaron integrando la plantilla. Fueron incorporados​ Héctor Aguilar y el trinitario Roderick Asconeguy provenientes del BROU-Flores, 24.º​ en la edición de 2014 de la Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay y retornó al club, pero como director técnico el sanducero Agustín Margalef.
Se mantuvo casi la misma plantilla, dejando el club solo Roderick Asconeguy y se incorporó a Nicolás Arachichú y Carlos Cabrera. También abandonó el club el director técnico Agustín Margalef, haciéndose cargo Ramiro Vidal.​​
Para 2016-17, dejó el equipo Robert Méndez y se incorporó Matías Presa, quién retornó luego de dos temporadas en el Club Ciclista Cerro Largo.
Copa América (ciclismo)

La Copa América de Ciclismo es una competición ciclística, masculina y femenina, de un solo día que se disputa en Brasil.
A pesar de su nombre, no es una competencia en la que participen todas las federaciones americanas, siendo más bien disputada por equipos brasileños más algunas selecciones nacionales o clubes extranjeros sobre todo de países cercanos.
Creada en 2001, ha sido disputada casi todas las ediciones en el autódromo de Interlagos de San Pablo, excepto en las ediciones de 2008 y las dos últimas (2012 y 2013) en que la carrera fue trasladada a un circuito urbano en el Parque de Flamengo en Río de Janeiro. En 2015 la carrera vuelve al estado de San Pablo y se correrá en la ciudad de Botucatu.
En las ediciones de 2005 a 2008 y 2012-2013, ha estado inserta en el UCI America Tour en la categoría 1.2. Antes de 2005 también se encontraba en el calendario internacional en la categoría 1.5, excepto en la primera edición.
El ganador de la carrera en más ocasiones es Nilceu Santos con cuatro victorias, todas consecutivas.
Desde la edición de 2003 también se disputa la versión femenina de la carrera, aunque casi siempre de manera amateur (solo entre 2006 y 2008 fue profesional, en la última categoría del profesionalismo: 1.2),​ realizándose 3 vueltas al mismo circuito. Janildes Fernandes y Clemilda Fernandes, son las máximas ganadoras con tres ediciones cada una.
En amarillo: edición amateur.
En amarillo: edición amateur.
Tourism Week

Tourism Week is a secular holiday in Uruguay following same five day period as the Christian Holy Week. The holiday was created in 1919 when the Uruguay state formerly created separation from the Catholic Church.
The creation of Tourism Week was formerly designated on 23 of October 1919, as part of the formal separation from the Catholic Church created in Ley N° 6997. The law modified liturgical holidays as secular holidays with official designations for celebration in Uruguay, including other holidays such as the Day of the Kings (January 6) which was designated the Day of the Children, and Christmas which was designated as the Day of the Family.
Tourism week is an important holiday for different kinds of festivals and celebrations in Uruguay, such as the annual bike race Vuelta Ciclista del Uruguay, Criollo week in Rural Prado, Rural del Prado, the week of Beer in Paysandú, and others.
The week also includes a bank holiday for Thursday and Friday, with most businesses not working in the Tourism sector also providing the days off.
2024 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race

The men's road race of the 2024 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling race that took place on 29 September 2024 in Zürich, Switzerland. It was won by Tadej Pogačar, who went on the attack 100km from the finish line.
Qualification was based mainly on the UCI World Ranking by nations as of 20 August 2024.
The following nations qualified.
Source:
2024 UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race

The women's road race of the 2024 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took place on 28 September 2024 in Zurich, Switzerland. The race was won by Belgian rider Lotte Kopecky for the second year running.
Qualification was based mainly on the UCI World Ranking by nations as of 20 August 2024.
The following nations qualified.
197 cyclists from 67 nations competed in the event. The number of cyclists per nation is shown in parentheses.
English school holidays

The English school year runs from early September to mid- or late July. Most schools divide the year into three terms, each term divided into half terms:
At the end of each half-term a holiday lasts about one week (usually nine full days, including two weekends), although in the autumn term, some schools give students two week long holidays (16 full days, including 3 weekends) to account for the term being longer than the other two.
The Christmas holidays separate the autumn and spring terms, and the Easter holidays separate the spring and summer terms. Each holiday lasts about two weeks.
The summer holiday begins in late July and usually lasts about six weeks, sometimes ending two weeks before the Autumnal equinox.
The local education authority sets the holiday dates for all schools under its control. Academies set their own dates, but often coordinate with other local schools.
Individual schools may be closed due to teacher training, bad weather, or other unplanned events.
Independent schools (also known as "public schools" (age about 13+) and "private schools" or "preparatory schools" (under 13) in the UK) generally operate a similar academic year, often with shorter terms and longer holidays. More traditional schools use the term names originating at Oxford University; namely Michaelmas term (October to December), named after the Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels on 29 September, Hilary term (January to March) and Trinity term (April to June), named after Trinity Sunday which is eight weeks after Easter.
Some international schools use semesters rather than terms.
English school holidays have a major traffic impact. Holidays create a marked reduction in peak traffic congestion periods on many routes. England does not have a wide network of state-run school transport, leading many parents to drive their children to and from school.
English school holidays also affect holiday accommodation pricing. Holidays feature a steep rise in accommodation cost, due to increased demand. The English tourism industry monitors websites that provide up-to-date school holiday information, and adjusts prices accordingly. Prices often drop by hundreds of pounds one week into the new school term. Most schools have a strict policy against school absences. Parents who decide to save money by taking a holiday during term risk damaging their children's education and fines or warnings from their school. Parents can be issued with a penalty notice whenever they take their children on holiday with authorisation. Penalty notices can be issued by local councils, headteachers and their delegates and the police. Generally, schools allow no more than 10 school days of absence in any school year.
The Swallows and Amazons series of children's novels by Arthur Ransome are all set in the school holidays, generally the long (August) summer holidays although some are set in Easter or winter. For example, in Pigeon Post, he wrote: "Term time was gone as if it had been wiped out. Real life was beginning again."
ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික සහ ආගමික උත්සව

Sri Lanka having a history as long as many ancient civilizations, positioning in the crossroad of the East and the West, and being a multicultural society, celebrates a wide variety of festivals, ceremonies and events.
Every year on or about April 13th Sinhala and Tamil people celebrate Sinhala and Tamil New Year Festival, and Muslims celebrate Ramasan. Esala Perahera (A-suh-luh peh-ruh-ha-ruh) is the grand festival of Esala held in Sri Lanka. It is very grand with elegant costumes. Happening in July or August in Kandy, it has become a unique symbol of Sri Lanka. It is a Buddhist festival consisting of dances and richly-decorated elephants. There are fire-dances, whip-dances, Kandian dances and various other cultural dances. The elephants are usually adorned with lavish garments. The festival ends with the traditional 'diya-kepeema'. The elephant is paraded around the city bearing the tooth of Buddha.
(මෙම පිළිවෙල may differ from year to year due නක්‍ෂත්‍ර සහ astronomical reasons)
ටොංගා

ටොංගා රාජ්‍යයේ නිල නාමය වනුයේ ටොංගා රාජධානිය යන්නය. මෙය දකුණු පැසිපික් සාගරයේ පිහිටි දූපත් සමූහයකි. සම්පූර්ණ දූපත් සංඛ්‍යාව 169 ක් වන අතර ඉන් 36 මිනිස් වාසයෙන් යුක්ත ‍වේ. උතුරු - දකුණු තීරයේ කිලෝමීටර් 800 ක් (සැතපුම් 500) පුරා මෙම රාජධානිය පැතිර තිබේ. මෙම කොදෙව්ව ස්ථාපනය කරන්නා වූ දූපත් පිහිටා ඇත්තේ නවසීලන්තයේ සිට හවායි දක්වා වූ මගෙහි තුනෙන් දෙකක පමණ දුරකින් දකුණු සැමෝවා හිය. ටොංගා රාජ්‍යය 'මිත්‍ර දූපත්' යනුවෙන් ද හඳුන්වනු ලැබේ. එසේ හැඳින්වීමට හේතුකාරක වුයේ, 1773 වසරේ. ස්වකීය ප්‍රථම ආගමනයේ දී ජේමිස් කුක් කැප්ටන් වරයා ඉතා සුහදශීලී ආකාරයෙන් පිලිගනු ලැබීමය. ඔහුගේ සම්ප්‍රාප්තිය සිදු වුයේ 'ඉනාසි උත්සව' සමයේ දීය. මෙම උත්සවය වූ කලී 'ටු ටොංගා' (Tui Tonga) නම් වූ, දූපත්හි ප්‍රමුඛතම නායකයාට, නෙළාගත් පළමු පළතුරු අස්වැන්න පිරිනැමීම උදෙසා පැවැත්වෙන්නකි. මෙම උත්සව අවස්ථාවට ජේමිස් කුක්ටද ආරාධනා කරනු ලැබීය. ලේඛක විලියම් මැරිනර්ට අනුව, සැබෑ තත්ත්වය වුයේ, මෙම උත්සයේ රැස්ව සිටිය දී කැප්ටන් ජේමිස් කුක් මරා දමනු ලැබීමට නායකයාට අවශ්‍ය වී තිබීමයි.එහෙත් එසේ කිරීම සඳහා වූ සුදුසු සැලැස්මකට එකඟ වීමට ඔහු අපොහොසත් විය.
පැසිපික් සාගරයේ දූපත්වලින් සමන්විත රටවල් අතර ටොංගා එකම සෛවරී රාජාණ්ඩුව බවට පත්ව තිබේ. එමෙන්ම විධිමත් යටත් විජිතයක් බවට පත්වීමෙන් වැළකී සිටීමට සමත්වූ කලාපයේ එකම රාජ්‍යය බැව් කියා සිටීමේ හැකියාවද ටොංගා රාජ්‍යය සතුය. ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධනයකින් අනතුරුව පූර්ණ ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයෙන් යුතු ව්‍යවස්ථානුකූල රාජාණ්ඩුවක් ස්ථාපිත කිරීම සඳහා ටොංගා රාජ්‍යය සැලසුම් කරමින් සිටී. මහජන නියෝජිතයින් තෝරාපත් කර ගැනීම සඳහා වන විධිමත් මැතිවරණයක් 2010 දී පැවැත්වෙනු ඇත.
Aluth Sahal Mangallaya

The Aluth Sahal Mangalle or the New Rice Festival is a harvest festival of the Maha kannaya in Sri Lanka. The first batch of new rice after being plucked, threshed and winnowed is offered to the Buddha and deities.
Every January Poya Day, new rice festival commences. Rice and paddy donated to Temple of the Tooth are stored at Kundasale Pallekele in a separate location allocation and distribution of Rice and paddy to Devales relevant, is done. A traditional procession takes place from the Palace to Kundasale headed by Diyawadaered to the sacred tooth relic.
Only after the new rice festival at the Sri Dalada Maligawa and offering rice to the sacred tooth relic, can the farmers around the country collect their harvest and commence their own new rice festivals in the respective villages.
The most important new rice festival that happens afterwards is the Aluth Sahal Mangalle at the Sri Maha Bodhi in Anuradhapura.
This festival was started by a king called Sri weera parakrama narendrasinghe in 1707. Diyawadana Nilame does the main part in this festival. This is about the first harvest in paddy situated in kundasale. Diyawadana nilame and the rest of the people got Kundasale with perahara and take the harvest and come back to the temple of tooth relic. This is done in nice fashion always, according to the tradition these traditions are done in much respect, for tooth relic of Buddha. A man called Nakath Mohottala also does a main part in this festival. He prepares an agenda called 'Nakth pathraya' and whole things were done on it.
ደመቀ መኮንን

ደመቀ መኮንን ሀሰን ኢትዮጵያዊ የፖለቲካ ሰው ናቸው። የኢትዮጵያ ምክትል ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር ሆነው ያገለግላሉ። አቢይ አህመድ በግንባሩ ላይ እየተካሄደ ያለውን የትግራይ ጦርነት ላይ ለመሳተፍ መወሰኑን ተከትሎ፣ አቶ ደመቀ የኢትዮጵያ ተጠባባቂ ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትርነት እ.ኤ.አ. ህዳር 23 ቀን 2021 ተረክበዋል።
በከር ሻሌ

በከር ሻሌ ከ 2014 ዓም ጀምሮ የኢትዮጵያ ስታቲስቲክስ አገልግሎት ዋና ዳይሬክተር ናቸው። በ2013 ዓም በከር የኢኒስቲቱዩት ኦፍ ስትራተጂክ አፌርስ ዳይሬክተር ጀነራል ሆነው አገልግለዋል። በ ጥቅምት 2014 ዓም ጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር አብይ አህመድ በከርን የ ስራና ክህሎት ሚኒስቴር ቴክኒካዊ አስተዳደር ሆነው ሾመዋቸዋል።
ዳጋቶ ኩምቤ

ዳጋቶ ኩምቤ ቆልቻ ከታህሳስ 2022 ጀምሮ የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራል ሰነዶች ምዝገባ እና ማረጋገጫ አገልግሎት ዋና ዳይሬክተር በመሆን እያገለገሉ ያሉ ኢትዮጵያዊ ፖለቲከኛ ናቸው። ዳጋቶ የወላይታ ተወላጅ ሲሆን ከዚህ በፊትየወላይታ ዞን ዋና አስተዳዳሪ ሆኖ አገልግሏል።
ዳጋቶ ከዳሞት ፑላሳ ወረዳ ፍትህ ጽ/ቤት እስከ ወላይታ ዞን ፍትህ መምሪያ ድረስ አገልግሏል። ዳጋቶ በፈረንጆቹ ከ2018 ጀምሮ ለሁለት ዓመታት ያህል የወላይታ ዞን አስተዳዳሪ ሆነው ሲሰራ ቆይተዋል። ከወላይታ የክልልነት ጥያቄ ጋር በተያያዘ ስማቸው በጉልህ ከሚነሳቸው የቀድሞ አመራሮች ዳጋቶ ኩምቤ አንዱ ናቸው። ዳጋቶ በታህሳስ 2022 በጠቅላይ ሚኒስትር አብይ አህመድ የኢፌዲሪ ሰነዶች ምዝገባ እና ማረጋገጫ አገልግሎት ዋና ዳይሬክተር ሆነው ተሾሙ።
President of Somaliland

The president of the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland; Arabic: رئيس جمهورية أرض الصومال, romanized: Rayiys jumhuriat 'ard alsuwmal) is the head of state and head of government of Somaliland. The president is also commander-in-chief of the Somaliland Armed Forces. The president represents the Government of Somaliland.
The first president of Somaliland was Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur. The current office-holder is the 6th president Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, who took office on 12 December 2024. The President can serve a maximum of two five-year terms.
The Republic of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the former British Somaliland Protectorate, which was an independent country for a few days in 1960 as the State of Somaliland.
The first president of Somaliland was Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, one of the leaders of the Somali National Movement (SNM), who took office on 7 June 1991, weeks after Somaliland was declared a republic. Since then the office has been held by four further people: Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Dahir Riyale Kahin, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud, and Muse Bihi Abdi.
By Article 82 of the Constitution of Somaliland, a person shall be eligible for the office of President or Vice President if (a) he is a citizen of Somaliland by birth, and, notwithstanding residence as a refugee in another country, must not hold any other citizenship; (b) he must be a Muslim, and must behave in accordance with Islamic religion; (c) he must be at least 40 years of age; and (d) he fulfills other criteria set out in this Article.
One Somaliland president has died in office:
Council of Ministers of Abiy Ahmed

The Council of Ministers of Abiy Ahmed is the cabinet of the government of Ethiopia during the premiership of Abiy Ahmed since early 2018.
The Abiy cabinet of October 2018 was gender-balanced, with half the ministers being women, including several in senior security ministries, with Aisha Mohammed Mussa as Minister of Defense and Muferiat Kamil in the newly created Ministry of Peace, which was allocated responsibility for several security services. The number of ministers was reduced from 28 to 20. The other eight women ministers were Adanech Abebe, Dagmawit Moges, Ergoge Tesfaye, Fetlework Gebregziabher, Fitsum Assefa, Hirut Kassaw, Hirut Woldemariam and Yalem Tsegaye Asfaw.
In April 2019, Gedu Andargachew became Foreign Minister.
A January 2020 reshuffle replaced Fetlework Gebregziabher, a Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) member, by Melaku Alebel as Minister of Trade and Industry, and shifted Getahun Mekuria from Innovation and Technology to Education.
A March 2020 reshuffle included shifting Adanech Abebe from a Minister to Ethiopia's first woman Attorney-General. The reshuffle included two new women ministers, promoting Lia Tadesse from State Minister for Health to Minister for Health, and Filsan Abdullahi became the Minister of Women, Children, and Youth. Some members of parliament viewed the reshuffle as reducing the representativity of Tigrayans, while member of parliament Tesfaye Daba stated that Lia Tadesse was partially of Tigrayan origin. Lake Ayalew became Minister of Revenue.
In November 2020, Demeke Mekonnen replaced Gedu Andargachew as Foreign Minister.
Filsan Abdi resigned from her ministership in September 2021 in relation to governmental obstruction of the publishing of a full report on sexual violence in the Tigray War.
Following the 2021 Ethiopian general election, in which the Prosperity Party won an overwhelming majority of seats, a major reshuffle of the Cabinet took place in October 2021. Three opponents to the Prosperity Party were appointed as ministers. Berhanu Nega of Rainbow Ethiopia: Movement for Democracy and Social Justice became Minister of Education; Belete Molla of National Movement of Amhara (NaMA) became Minister of Innovation and Technology; and Kejella Merdassa, a former member of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) became Minister of Culture and Sports. Control of twenty intelligence, security, financial and other institutions was given directly to the prime minister.
On 8 February 2024, Demeke was replaced by Temesgen Tiruneh as Foreign Minister.
The Abiy cabinet has included:
List of prime ministers of New Zealand

The prime minister of New Zealand is the country's head of government and the leader of the Cabinet, whose powers and responsibilities are defined by convention. Officially, the prime minister is appointed by the governor-general, but by convention, the prime minister must have the confidence of the House of Representatives. The prime minister is always a member of parliament.
Originally, prime ministers headed loose coalitions of independents, which were often unstable; since the advent of political parties, the prime minister is usually the leader of the largest party represented in the house. Since 1935, every prime minister has been a member of either the National party or the Labour party, reflecting their domination of New Zealand politics. After the introduction of mixed-member proportional voting in 1996, prime ministers have usually needed to negotiate agreements with smaller parties to maintain a majority in Parliament.
The title of the office was originally "colonial secretary", which was formally changed to "premier" in 1869. That title remained in use almost exclusively for more than 30 years, until Richard Seddon changed it to "prime minister" during his tenure in the office; he used the title officially at the 1902 Colonial Conference.
Some historians regard James FitzGerald as New Zealand's first prime minister, although a more conventional view is that neither he nor his successor (Thomas Forsaith) should properly be given that title, as New Zealand did not yet have responsible government when they served. Most commonly, Henry Sewell, who served during 1856, is regarded as New Zealand's first premier. Beginning with Sewell, 42 individuals have so far held the premiership, not including Hugh Watt, who was acting prime minister following the death of Norman Kirk. Eight prime ministers have held the position for more than one period in office. Richard Seddon, prime minister for thirteen years between 1893 and 1906, held the office for the longest term. The youngest prime minister was Edward Stafford, who assumed office at age 37, and the oldest was Walter Nash, who left office at age 78. Three prime ministers have been women, a count equalled by Finland, Lithuania, Poland and the United Kingdom, and only surpassed by Switzerland.
The current prime minister is Christopher Luxon, who assumed office on 27 November 2023.
The parties shown are those to which the heads of government belonged at the time they held office and the electoral districts shown are those they represented while in office. Several prime ministers belonged to parties other than those given and represented other electorates before and after their time in office. A number in brackets indicates the prime minister served a previous term in office.
Died in office
Maxixe

El maxixe, hispanizado como machicha (y también conocido como tango brasileño), es un tipo de danza de salón que se baila en pareja. El término define tanto a la forma de bailarlo como a la forma musical. Estaba de moda entre fines de siglo XIX y principios de siglo XX, contemporánea de la polka y de los orígenes del choro y contó con compositores como Ernesto Nazareth, Pixinguinha y Pattapio Silva. La compositora más prominente de maxixes fue Chiquinha Gonzaga.
Según el Diccionario de la Real Academia, es «de ritmo moderado y parecido al tango», y «se puso de moda en Europa y América a principios del siglo xx». Aunque se practicó como baile de salón, es de origen popular y en Brasil recibió el influjo de las danzas de los negros añadiendo pasos enérgicos.​ Los compositores Gerónimo Giménez y Amadeo Vives compusieron una para su humorada en un acto La gatita blanca (1905),​ y Sara Montiel cantó una.​ Se bailaba sobre todo en las fiestas carnavalescas. En Francia lo llamaban matchiche. José Vasconcelos le dedicó uno de los ensayos reunidos en su La Raza cósmica: misión de la raza iberoamericana (1920).
Se originó en Río de Janeiro en la década de 1870, aproximadamente cuando el tango también surgía en Argentina y Uruguay, del cual sufrió algunas influencias. Sus comienzos también coinciden con la popularización del scottisch o chotis y la polka.​ De hecho, es considerado una derivación de la polka o polca, en un intento por complejizar sus pasos de baile y adaptarlos al estilo brasileño.
Fue desarrollado por los esclavos negros que provenían de Maxixe, Mozambique y se la considera una de las primeras danzas urbanas creadas en Brasil. Al principio era considerada una danza prohibida porque la bailaban los esclavos o las prostitutas, por esto fue encubierto muchas veces bajo el nombre de tango.​
Su entrada en los salones elegantes de las principales ciudades estaba prohibida, hasta que en 1914 la primera dama (esposa del entonces presidente Hermes da Fonseca), eligió un maxixe para ser interpretado en los jardines del Palacio do Catete.
Luego el género se extendió con gran rapidez y se enriqueció con más variedad de pasos. Bailada en un ritmo rápido de 2/4, también se perciben influencias del lundu, batuque, polca y habanera.​
La formación instrumental es variable pudiendo haber piano, guitarra, flauta, pandereta, y otros instrumentos de percusión.
Este género tuvo gran éxito en los teatros de revistas de Brasil, pasando a ser un número casi obligatorio. Al igual que el tango, este estilo también fue exportado a Europa y América del Norte a inicios del siglo XX. El samba y la lambada son dos ejemplos de danzas que recibieron influencias del maxixe. Con el tiempo el maxixe se fue fusionando con el choro y el samba hasta desaparecer casi completamente.
Chotis

El chotis es una música y baile con origen en Bohemia. Su nombre deriva del término alemán Schottisch («escocés»), una danza social centroeuropea a la que en Viena se quiso atribuir origen en un baile escocés. Diversas variantes del schottisch perviven en la tradición argentina (schotis). Se puso de moda en casi toda Europa durante el siglo xix y se extendió a América. El chotis es un baile agarrado y lento que suele ejecutarse dando tres pasos a la izquierda, tres a la derecha y vueltas. En el momento en el que cambia la música, la pareja debe cambiar la dirección circular del movimiento. La clave de todo el proceso está en los pies.
En Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay, el schotis o chotis fue introducido por los inmigrantes alemanes del Volga y polacos asentados a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo xix, en la región litoraleña de los ríos Paraná, Paraguay y Uruguay que integran la Cuenca del Río de la Plata. Constituye uno de los estilos destacados de lo que en la Argentina se llama música litoraleña. El chotis acompañó el ingreso a la región de uno de sus instrumentos más característicos, el acordeón diatónico, de una y dos hileras, que se sumó a la guitarra para formar la orquesta típica campesina o «campiriña». Una vez instalado, el chotis se fusionó con la música folklórica de la región, fuertemente influenciada por la cultura indígena guaraní, adoptando las características que lo distinguen.​ Luego de fusionarse con la música de origen indígena guaraní, dio origen al chamamé moderno.​
El xote es la versión brasileña del baile y se considera que llegó al país por inmigrantes de Alemania en el siglo xix; aunque se conoce en Portugal como "chotiça" es probable que el baile llegara separadamente a los dos países como repertorio que acompañaba la introducción del acordeón. En aquellos años los varios estilos del baile fueron populares entre las clases altas de la sociedad brasileña, especialmente durante del reinado de Pedro II.​
Escrito shotis, fue introducido en México hacia 1850, en los salones de baile frecuentados por las clases bajas. Un estilo más rústico se popularizó en las fiestas caseras y en los bailes públicos. Se conserva en el norte de México, en particular en los estados de Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Durango, Sinaloa, Zacatecas, con estilos propios de cada lugar.​
El chotis llegó a Madrid en 1850 y ha quedado noticia de que se bailó por primera vez en el Palacio Real, la noche del 3 de noviembre de 1850, bajo el nombre de 'polca alemana'.​ Se hizo luego popular y baile castizo por antonomasia del pueblo de Madrid.​
Se baila en pareja al son de un organillo,​ y durante el baile la mujer gira alrededor del hombre, que a su vez va girando sobre su propio eje, de ahí que se haya hecho popular el dicho de que «no se necesita más que un ladrillo» para bailarlo. Es típico verlo bailar en las verbenas de Madrid, las mujeres ataviadas con un mantón de Manila y pañolón cubriendo media cabeza, y los hombres, mirando siempre al frente y vestidos con chaleco, pantalón de rayas y una parpusa o gorrita de visera.​
Danza de pareja enlazada

La danza de pareja enlazada es una categoría de bailes de salón que abarca las danzas de pareja, en las que ambos bailarines se sujetan aproximando sus cuerpos para formar una unidad danzante, e incluye danzas como el tango y el vals, entre muchas otras. Se distinguen de las danzas de pareja tomada sin enlace, en las que los bailarines se toman ocasionalmente, pero sin formar un enlace, como en el carnavalito andino o el minué europeo.
Algunas de las danzas incluidas en esta categoría son: balboa, blues, chamamé, chamarrita, chotis, habanera, mazurca, milonga, ranchera, shag, tango, vals, etcétera.
Una subcategoría son las danzas de pareja enlazada estrechamente (en inglés referida como close embrace), como por ejemplo el tango y la milonga.
Las danzas de pareja enlazada han sido muchas veces cuestionadas invocando razones de moralidad y decencia.
El vals es una de las más antiguas y difundidas danzas de pareja enlazada. De origen vienés, sus antecedentes se remontan a los siglos XII y XIII. Evolucionado como "ländler", durante el siglo XVIII, termina configurándose como "vals vienés" a fines de ese siglo. En Inglaterra, durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX, fue muy cuestionada por su indecencia y solo se permitía a las mujeres casadas bailar esta danza. Se convirtió en el baile de salón por excelencia en el siglo XIX y mantuvo una posición destacada desde entonces.​​
La mazurca -y en menor medida la polca-, de origen polaco, tomó auge internacional a partir de la tercera década del siglo XIX hasta el fin de ese siglo.
El tango, gestado en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, toma de la mazurca -sobre todo- y del vals, la coreografía de la pareja enlazada y estrecha el abrazo para poner los cuerpos y rostros en contacto. También fue moralmente cuestionado hasta la tercera década del siglo XX.
Ana María González (cantante mexicana)

Ana María González Tardos (Xalapa-Enríquez, Veracruz, 31 de agosto de 1918-Ciudad de México, 18 de junio de 1983), conocida como la Voz Luminosa de México, fue una cantante mexicana. Se le conoció por Iberoamérica y España.​​
Nació en Xalapa-Enríquez, la capital de Veracruz, en 1918. El nombre de su padre era Mario González, y el de su madre, Trinidad Tardos.​ Su familia era humilde, y en su barrio todos la conocían por su talentosa voz, con la cual interpretaba las canciones de moda. Después, su familia se trasladó a la Ciudad de México, donde ella se inició como cantante en un programa de aficionados de la estación XEB.​ Su participación en el programa fue un gran éxito, y la contrataron para cantar en el Teatro Salón Lírico, donde le pagaban seis pesos por cada presentación.​ En 1941, acompañó a Agustín Lara en una gira por Sudamérica, y en Argentina estrenó el famoso bolero «Solamente una vez».​
El 13 de mayo de 1948, estrenó el chotis «Madrid», de Agustín Lara, en la emisora Radio Madrid.​
Falleció el 18 de junio de 1983, víctima de un paro cardíaco, en la Central Quirúrgica de la capital mexicana.​ Sus restos fueron sepultados en el lote de la Asociación Nacional de Actores en el Panteón Jardín.​
Catalan Sheepdog

The Catalan Sheepdog (Catalan: Gos d'Atura Català, Spanish: Pastor Catalán) is a Spanish breed of herding dog. It originated in valleys and foothills of the Pyrenees of Catalonia, but has spread throughout Catalonia and much of Spain; there are breed societies in Finland, France, Germany and Holland.
It was traditionally used to herd livestock, particularly horses and sheep. In the twenty-first century it may also be kept as a companion animal.
The Gos d'Atura derives from the former wide and variable population of long-haired herding dogs in the Pyrenees, from which the Pyrenean Shepherd and the Euskal Artzain Txakurra also derive. It was recognised as a breed at the time of the formation of the Real Sociedad Central para el Fomento de las Razas Caninas en España in 1911. The first breed standard was drawn up in 1929, and was adopted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale when it definitively accepted the breed in 1954. A new standard was prepared in 1982, and modified at the time of the formation of the Club del Gos d’Atura Català in 1984.
Height at the withers is in the range 47 to 55 cm for dogs, and 45 to 53 cm for bitches. Their coat is long and either flat or slightly wavy, and ranges from fawn to dark sable and light to dark grey. There is also a short-haired variety of this breed, but it is nearly extinct.
Height at withers: 47−55 cm and 20−25 kg for male dogs; from 45 to 53 cm and 17–21 kg for females.
Long and limp and a little curled. Seen from afar the dog seems to be unicolour and may have lighter shadings at the limbs. When seen close up, it is noticeable that the colour comes from a mixture of hairs of different colour shades: fawn, brown more or less reddish, grey and black. Long, flat, or very slightly wavy, rough with abundant undercoat on the whole posterior third of the body. On the head a beard, moustaches, tuft and eyebrows which do not affect sight can be noticed. Tail well covered with hair as are all four limbs. It is noticeable that during moulting a typical phenomenon may be observed: it occurs in two periods. First of all it affects the coat on the front part, giving the impression of two halves with different coats; then moults the hind part of the dog and everything becomes uniform again.
This breed is used for herding and as a pet dog. Because of its intelligence, the Gos D'Atura, like most sheepdogs, is easy to train. This cheerful dog excels at dog-sports, such as agility and doggy-dance. In spite of its appearance, this courageous dog is also used as a watch-dog. An "all-around-dog" and great companion.
They guard sheep without needing instruction. Enough (outdoor) activity and distraction makes this dog a quiet and well-balanced home companion. This breed is appropriate for people with firm techniques and who can give the dog enough exercise. Early socialization is important, particularly if the dog will be around children. The dogs defend their family and become attached to it.
Catalan sheepdogs are prone to hip dysplasia. Their average life span is 12 to 14 years.
Puyuma people

The Puyuma (Chinese: 卑南族; pinyin: Bēinánzú; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Piu-má cho̍k, Pi-lâm cho̍k), also known as the Pinuyumayan, Peinan or Beinan, are one of the indigenous groups of the Taiwanese aborigines. The people are generally divided into the Chihpen and Nanwang groups, both resident in Taitung County on the east coast of Taiwan.
In the year 2000, the Puyuma numbered 9,606. This was approximately 2.4% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the sixth-largest indigenous group. The Puyuma speak the Puyuma language, as well as Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien.
The name "Puyuma" means "unity" or "concord" and was originally the autonym of the speakers of the Nanwang dialect. Zeitoun and Cauquelin (2006) also note that the word Puyuma can be analyzed as pu'-uma, which means "to send to the field".
The traditional clothing of the Puyuma people is a vibrant tapestry of colors, patterns, and distinctive garments that play an important role in expressing cultural identity and societal roles. The clothing is designed with a combination of red, yellow, and green hues, as well as black and white. It features a multi-layered diamond pattern resembling snake scales, accompanied by subtle cross-stitch designs for added detail. Although most of the Puyuma people nowadays wear the western style clothes, traditional attire still predominates during significant holidays and festivals.
The ethnic group's clothing varies across different age levels, with a more significant transition of clothes for men. Boys and men, aged 13–21, wear simple attire during strict training, featuring a plain blue blouse and a short skirt tied with a red belt. Upon reaching marriageable age (over 22 years), they start to wear more attractive clothes to catch attention from women. They wear dark blue or black ensembles with cross-stitch patterns, a green belt, bells belt attached on the back, a sword worn at the waist, and a betel nut bag. Attire is then accessorized with glass beads or silver breast ornaments. A white headscarf and crown of flowers sahaputan completes the look. In old age (60 years), men shift to a sleeveless waistcoat lumbaw and a square hat kabun, symbolizing their transition to the Elder category.
Women wear the same long-sleeved cropped bodice as men, except the color is bright blue or white. The bodice is paired with a bagelup, a small apron usually black (sometimes white) with a front embroidered pocket. In old age, the bagelup is replaced by the sugun, an apron tied at the waist with a pink belt. The lower attire then features a black underskirt with subtle embroidery, topped by an open skirt crossing on the left side, revealing inner skirt embroidery. Additionally, the lower part of the legs are covered with two rectangles of embroidered black cloth secured by four straps around the calves. Women wear a variety of accessories, including silver bells, Japanese coins, bead headbands, silver hairpins, chest ornaments, silver and bead bracelets. The crown of flowers mentioned in the context of men, remains an integral part of women’s attire, as well.
Puyuma villages include (located in Beinan Township and Taitung City):
Beli dvor

The Beli Dvor (Serbian: Бели двор, lit. "White Palace") is one of two residences of the Dedinje Royal Compound in the Dedinje neighborhood of Belgrade. It was the official residence of the Prince Regent Paul from 1934 to 1941.
The palace was commissioned by and built with the personal funds of King Alexander I as the residence for his three sons: Crown Prince Peter (the future King Peter II and father of current Crown Prince Alexander), Prince Tomislav and Prince Andrew. Alexander I was assassinated in 1934 in Marseille during a state visit to France, in the same year that the construction of the palace began. Supervision of construction was overtaken by the Prince Regent Paul until its completion in 1937. The Queen Maria and her three sons, continued to reside at Kraljevski Dvor during this time. Prince Paul was the only member of the royal family to reside in the palace before the outbreak of the World War II and subsequent invasion of Yugoslavia.
Following the end of the war, the new communist government seized the assets and property of the royal family. The Beli Dvor was used by Yugoslav president, Josip Broz Tito, and later by the president of FR Yugoslavia, Slobodan Milošević, for official state functions and receptions of visiting foreign dignitaries. Milošević received U.S. envoy Richard Holbrook at the palace before the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia began; Milošević later officially resigned his presidency in front of the Main Hall's fireplace.
The palace was designed by architect Aleksandar Đorđević in a Neo-palladian style, inspired by 18th century English country houses such as Ditchley Park. Its interior was decorated with English Georgian and 19th century Russian antiques by the French design firm Maison Jansen, which later decorated the White House during the administration of John F. Kennedy.
Palace is housing notable art collection including paintings by Piero di Cosimo, Biagio d'Antonio, Nicolas Poussin (three paintings), Giovanni Cariani, Sébastien Bourdon, Albrecht Altdorfer, Titian, Rembrandt attribution, Palma Vecchio (two paintings), Carlo Caliari, Peter Paul Rubens, Carel Fabritius, Simon Vouet, two paintings by Brueghel, Antonio Canaletto, Eugène Delacroix, Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, Giuseppe Crespi, Nicolae Grigorescu, Franz Xaver Winterhalter, Eugène Fromentin, Gaspard Dughet, Richard Parkes Bonington, Đura Jakšić, Ivan Meštrović, Vlaho Bukovac and others. The green and white Sèvres porcelain service was purchased in 1932 in Paris from the Gallerie Charpentier. The service once belonged to the Count of Artois.
Scientology cross

The Scientology cross is one of the principal symbols of Scientology. It is most often used to represent the Church of Scientology. The cross bears some resemblance to the Christian cross but differs from it with the addition of four diagonal rays between the conventional horizontal and vertical arms. The eight points of the cross represent the eight dynamics in Scientology, the eight divisions of urges towards survival:
According to Ability magazine, a sand casting presenting a cross was dug up by L. Ron Hubbard in the mid-1950s, the model of which "came from a very ancient Spanish mission in Arizona". This cross came to be the new minister insignia besides the formal ceremonial medallion and ribbon. He also occasionally referred to it as the "sunburst cross". Scholars speculate the Scientology cross may have been inspired by Aleister Crowley's use of the Rose Cross.
The practice of prominently displaying the cross in Scientology centers was instituted in 1969 following hostile press coverage in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, when Scientology's status as a legitimate religion was being questioned. In response, Hubbard ordered that, "Any staff who are trained at any level as auditors (but not in AOs) are to be clothed in the traditioned ministerial black suit, black vest white collar silver cross for ordinary org wear."
Quebradita

The quebradita (Spanish: "Little break", referring to the breaking of a wild horse and a female dancer's back bends) is a Mexican dance style. It is usually performed to a Regional Mexican song, specifically a lyrical charanga or instrumental mambo. The dance style was made especially famous by the Regional Mexican subgenre of Technobanda.
In the quebradita there is a male dancer and a female dancer. The male dancer lowers the female dancer backwards almost to the point where she touches the floor. Then the male dancer quickly pulls her up. This is what the "little break" refers to. Compared to the brinquito or caballito dance styles, which use athletic, trotting steps, quebraditas emphasize acrobatics. The musical instruments from popular quebradita groups are electric guitars and instruments with synthesizers.
The quebradita was very popular in the 1990s, especially in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. George Lipsitz, author of Footsteps in the Dark: The Hidden Histories of Popular Music, wrote that in that era many dancers were unwilling or unable to do this dance because of the required strength, timing, coordination, and cooperation, and therefore the possible dangers from this dance.
In a 2002 encyclopedia article on the quebradita, Sydney Hutchinson, the author, wrote that some people believe that the form originated from the U.S.-Mexico border area while some believe it originated in Jalisco or Sinaloa, and that the history of the dance form is "somewhat hazy". A California State University, Northridge professor of Chicano studies, Everto Ruiz, stated that the music has its origin from Sinaloan music. California residents gave the new dancing style the name quebradita. In the early 1990s, this dance form became popular in Los Angeles and the Southwestern United States. Many communities and schools had quebradita dance groups staffed by young people. In the 2002 encyclopedia article, Hutchinson stated that the music continues to be performed along the U.S.-Mexico border at concerts, nightclubs, and parties, but that the quebradita had "significantly declined" in popularity as a performance and competition dance.
Choti Choti Batain

Choti Choti Batain (Urdu: چھوٹی چھوٹی باتیں, lit. 'Small Little Things') is a 2019 Pakistani anthology television series, created and developed by Shahzad Javed, Head of Content, HUM TV, co-produced by Momina Duraid of MD Productions and Angeline Malik.
The series is promoted as a collection of different stories for breaking stereotypes prevailing in Pakistani society. Malik earlier announced the title of the series as Inkaar Karo, which was later changed to Choti Choti Batain.
The story explores the life of single parents, how they feel when their children grow up and get busy with their lives. Saif (Osama Tahir) and Anaya (Hajra Yamin) are married couples living with Saif's father, Hassan (Sajid Hassan), while Sofia (Atiqa Odho) is the single mother of two daughters, Aliya (Mariyam Nafees) and Neha (Sukaina Khan). Slowly after their children's marriage, Hassan and Sofia realize what they are missing on: they crave companionship. Both, by fate, meet each other and end up being a couple after a little family drama in both families.
The story follows the life of Zeena (Amar Khan) who is a plain looking young woman from a middle-class family in Karachi. Zeena is a sincere worker. She is naive but intelligent. She has faced rejection largely from society simply because of her looks. Zeena somehow lands her dream job at Office. She is appointed as the assistant to Rehaan (Muneeb Butt) and after a rough start soon becomes indispensable at work. She falls in love with Rehaan but keeps her feelings to herself.
The series airs weekly on Hum TV every Sunday evening. It had been hiatus during Ramadan after Mujhay Tum Pasand Ho as the channel ran a transmission the whole day for the first time in years, leaving space for very few serials in a week. It resumed with Dil Hi Toh Hai on 9 June 2019. Each episode of the drama has near one million or at least one million views on YouTube.
Choti Lamsam

Choti Lamsam (Chinese: 伍柏林; pinyin: Wǔ Bǎilín; Thai: โชติ ล่ำซำ; RTGS: Chot Lamsam) was a Thai businessman who founded the Kasikornbank or otherwise known as the Thai Farmers Bank in 1945 with registered capital of Baht 5 Million. The bank has been listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) since 1976.
Choti was born in 1879 to a Hakka family. His father, Ng Yuk Long, was a second generation Thai Chinese with ancestry from Guangdong province. After Ng Meow Ngian, Yuk Long's father died, he took over and expanded the family's timber business. He also owned agricultural trading, saw mills and rice mills. After 1932, he set up an insurance and banking business. In 1939, Yuk Long was murdered by the local Chinese mafia. Choti and his brothers, Julin and Kasem, then took over the family business. During World War II, the banking industry started to grow and Choti established Thai Farmer Bank on June 8, 1945, focusing on retail banking and customers in the rural areas. Choti died in 1948 (2491 BE).
Choti Lamsam's grandson, Banthoon Lamsam, is ranked as the 21st richest in Thailand, Forbes, 2014.
Mosaic (2007)

Mosaic (br: Mosaico) é uma animação de super herói sobre um novo personagem criado por Stan Lee. É uma produção lançada diretamente para o dvd em 9 de janeiro de 2007 e teve sua estreia na TV em 10 de março de 2007 no Cartoon Network's Toonami. Saiu sob o famoso título "Stan Lee Presents", distribuído pelas POW Entertainment e Anchor Bay Entertainment. A história é do próprio Stan Lee, com o roteiro do escritor de X-Men Scott Lobdell. Quem assina a direção é Roy Allen Smith e a edição, Shawn Logue.
Mosaico conta a história de uma jovem aspirante atriz chamada Maggie Nelson que adquiriu poderes quais os de um camaleão após a combinação da exposição a uma tempestade elétrica e uma runa mágica. Seus poderes são semelhantes aos de uma antiga e secreta raça antiga chamada Chameliel, que é capaz de camuflar-se no meio ambiente e de assumir variadas formas. Maggie e o Chamelial chamado Mosaico (Mosaic) devem lutar contra outro Chameliel chamado Manequim que pretende adquirir o poder de sua falecida esposa e governar o mundo. Eles vão de New York, ao Polo Norte, passando por Roma, a fim de tentar deter Manequim (Manikin) de roubar as preciosas pedras Chameleon e sacrificar o pai de Maggie, o agente da Interpol Nelson em uma cerimônia que proporconará a ele o poder de um deus. Durante a batalha é revelado que Mosaico é o filho de Manequim que voluntariamente resolveu ir atrás dele e detê-lo. No final, ambos caem de um precipício gelado e não mais retornam. Maggie se esconde a bordo de um helicóptero da Interpol que pousa para resgatar seu pai, e acaba ouvindo que ele jamais descansaria enquanto não destruísse todos os Chameliel, porque os considera perigosos e uma ameaça à humanidade (e, portanto, nesse aspecto inclui-se a sua própria filha). Ao retornar para casa, ela faz um voto de encontrar as pedras Chameleon remanescentes e auto intitula-se de Mosaico.
A animação teve crítica mista por parte dos espectadores. No Rotten alcançou uma média de 49% entre os usuários. No site eFilm Critic, David Cornelius descreveu o filme como "rápido e agradável", sugerindo que Lee "está indo para algum lugar bom com esta nova linha de filmes". Por outro lado, David Pollock, do The List, retratou o filme como "entediante".