davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Antología Violeta Parra

Antología Violeta Parra,​ cuyo nombre completo es Antología Violeta Parra: Grabaciones Originales en EMI Odeón 1954-1966​ es una caja recopilatoria de cuatro discos compactos que reúne grabaciones que la artista chilena Violeta Parra realizó para este sello chileno en las décadas del 50 y el 60.
Corresponde a un trabajo de recopilación realizado luego de la compra del sello EMI por parte de Universal Music en septiembre de 2012. El ingeniero en sonido David Uribe supervisó la digitalización del catálogo del sello, entre éste, el material que restaba por publicar de Violeta Parra. El álbum fue uno de los últimos lanzamientos de la filial chilena de EMI, a fines de 2012, ​ y contiene 100 pistas repartidas entre cuatro CD, sin que sea aparente un orden cronológico ni temático en ellos. Si bien las notas de la edición no entregan la información completa de la procedencia de las mismas, trabajos posteriores​ han permitido identificar entre ellas al menos 7 pistas completamente inéditas, 4 versiones inéditas de canciones ya conocidas, 9 pistas previamente lanzadas pero inéditas en CD y 3 pistas alternativas únicamente lanzadas en antologías.
Cabe señalar que las notas del álbum contienen varios errores de atribución autoral de canciones, y que, si bien el sello declara que la caja contiene "todo el material que descansa en sus bodegas desde hace más de cinco décadas",​ se ha determinado posteriormente que:
La simple comparación de los títulos editados en el recopilatorio, con las listas de canciones de los álbumes, EPs y sencillos editados por Violeta durante su estadía en Odeón, permitirá verificar que esta colección es una "selección" de canciones, y en ningún caso corresponde a una edición completa de grabaciones de la artista en el sello.
La antología permite obtener algunas de las canciones inéditas de Violeta Parra que aún persistían en los archivos de EMI,​ así como algunas variaciones realizadas a canciones conocidas por otros medios. Dado que la información detallada no se presenta en las notas, han sido páginas web como Cancioneros.com,​ las que han logrado identificar las pistas verdaderamente inéditas que se entregan en el box set, y el origen de aquellas que no lo son. El detalle de canciones inéditas o alternativas proviene justamente de dicha página, con ligeras variaciones como en el caso de "La monona".
El número de canciones inéditas en esta colección alcanzaría las siete:
De manera adicional a las siete canciones descritas, el box set entrega cinco versiones inéditas de canciones conocidas en otros álbumes:
La caja permite escuchar 9 versiones de temas conocidos en otros discos, pero muchas veces lanzados después de la muerte de la autora, e inéditos en CD, de acuerdo al siguiente detalle:
Adicionalmente, la antología reúne 3 versiones alternativas habían sido lanzadas en CD póstumos (que no forman parte de la discografía canónica de la artista), hoy difíciles de encontrar, como las siguientes:
Pedro Messone

Pedro Aquiles Messone Rivas (6 June 1934 – 1 June 2023) was a Chilean folk singer and actor, whose career spanned almost 60 years.
Born in Temuco, the son of a company manager, Messone grew up in Valparaíso. While a student at the Seminario San Rafael, he became friends with Luis Urquidi, with whom he co-founded the neo-folk ensemble Los Cuatro Cuartos [es]. Moving to Santiago, he made his acting debut in an amateur dramatic company, before making his major professional debut in the drama La pérgola de las flores with the Teatro Ensayo de la Universidad Católica. In 1964, torn between his commitments as an actor and musician, he left his group and started a short-lived ensemble, Los de Las Condes, which had a major hit with "El corralero".
In 1966, Messone started his solo career with the album El solitario, which was a massive success thanks to the eponymous song, as well as the hits "Pa' mar adentro", "El ovejero" and "El cigarrito". He took part in several editions of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival. His last hit was "La tejedora" (1982).
A supporter of Augusto Pinochet, Messone campaigned for the Yes at the 1988 Chilean national plebiscite. In 1992, he ran for mayor of Buin with the Independent Democratic Union party, without being elected.
In 2018, Messone received the Premio a la Música Nacional Presidente de la República for his career. Messone died on 1 June 2023, at the age of 88.
Julio Numhauser

Julio Numhauser is a Chilean musician of the Nueva Canción-movement. He founded the folk music group Quilapayún in 1965 together with the brothers, Julio Carrasco and Eduardo Carrasco, where he stayed until 1967. 1968 he founded the folk music group, Amerindios, together with Mario Salazar. In 1980 he founded the group Somos with Francisco Ibarra and Oscar Salazar.
Numhauser left Chile in 1973 due to the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. In 1975 he moved to Sweden, where he still lives today. In 2000 he was chosen to be the cultural attaché of the Chilean embassy in Sweden by the Chilean president Ricardo Lagos.
Gepe

Daniel Alejandro Riveros Sepúlveda (born September 28, 1981), known as Gepe, is a Chilean singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He has released five solo albums in addition to one album as a member of the band Taller Dejao. He has been described as the "new 'guru' of Chilean folk" for combining the sensibilities of 1960s and 1970s Chilean folk (especially the music of Víctor Jara) with a minimalist, electropop sound.
Gepe was born in San Miguel, a commune of Santiago, Chile. Then he studied graphical design at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.
Taller Dejao, consisting of Gepe on drums and vocals and Javier Cruz on bass, released an album entitled El brillo que tiene es lo humano que le queda in 2004.
Gepe released his first solo recording, the EP 5x5, on Jacobino Discos in 2004. On November 4, 2005, he released his first full-length album, Gepinto, on the Chilean label Quemasucabeza. The same year, a track from the album, "Namás," was included on the Chilean indie compilation and label sampler Panorama neutral. Gepe also contributed to electropop artist Javiera Mena's track, "Sol de invierno," on the compilation. The Chilean edition of Rolling Stone voted Gepinto the 22nd best Chilean album of all time in its April 2008 issue, and the Argentinean edition of the same magazine selected "Namás" as the 49th best track of 2006.
Gepe's second full-length album, Hungría, was released by Quemasucabeza on May 18, 2007, at Cine Arte Normandie in Santiago, Chile. The same year, he was awarded "best new artist" at the Premios a la Música Chilena, and filmmakers Rosario González y Pablo Muñoz released an independent documentary about Gepe and Javiera Mena.
In 2008, Gepe released a second EP, Las piedras, available free for download from the label Quemasucabeza's website.
In 2009, Gepe could be heard in a beautiful Spanish cover of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," specially recorded for the film "Sugar." Gepe's Hallelujah remains unavailable for purchase and can only be heard in the film (prominently featured towards the end) and on Gepe's MySpace webpage.
In 2012, Gepe released his fourth album entitled GP. The album was heavily influenced by Chile's northern and Bolivian music, and also went more in a Pop-oriented direction. When performing live he also started to be accompanied by a dance crew for the first time.
Gepe's influences range from Chilean nueva canción artist Víctor Jara to Brian Wilson, Sonic Youth, My Bloody Valentine, Animal Collective, Pet Shop Boys, and Devendra Banhart.
Gepe regularly holds live performances at venues and festivals in Santiago and other major Chilean cities, such as Viña del Mar. In addition, he toured Europe in 2006, Argentina and Mexico (with Javiera Mena and Mostro) in mid-2007, and Spain in late 2007.
In February 2009, Gepe toured the United States for the first time. He performed at three concerts in New York City, including one at the Americas Society.
Gepe is a supporter for the Hare Krishna movement and he tried to convert to it, but he gave up for his difficulty to maintain a vegetarian diet.
Peter Rock (musician)

Peter Mociulski von Remenyk (September 3, 1945 – April 16, 2016), known professionally as Peter Rock, was an Austrian-born Chilean rock and roll and nueva ola musician. He sang in Festival de Viña del Mar and in Bierfest Valdivia.
He was born near Vienna in 1945, shortly after the death of his father. His mother remarried and the family emigrated to Chile in 1955.
Peter Rock's son, Justin Leigh, resides in Los Angeles and his daughter Natalie lived with him in Santiago, Chile. Peter Rock is Alain Johannes' uncle.
In October 2014, he was diagnosed with ALS, which kept him in a wheelchair. He died on Viña del Mar on April 16, 2016.
Jorge Selarón

Jorge Selarón (1947 – January 10, 2013) was a Chilean painter and ceramist. He is perhaps best known for his work on the Escadaria Selarón, a world-famous set of ceramic tile-covered stairs located in the Lapa and Santa Teresa neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Selarón moved to the Lapa neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro in the 1980s, settling in a house next to the stairs. In 1990, he began decorating the 215 stairs leading up to the Convent of Santa Teresa with ceramic tiles. His artistic transformation of the stairs, using tiles and porcelain donated by friends and supporters, took twenty years to complete. His stairs, which were declared a city landmark in 2005, were featured in Rio de Janeiro's bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Jorge Selarón was found dead on the Escadaria Selarón near his home on January 10, 2013, at the age of 65. His body was found burned on the aforementioned stairs in question. Later in 2013, police has said the main line of investigation was suicide, considering allegations from friends that he was depressed.
Academia Chilena de la Lengua

The Academia Chilena de la Lengua (Spanish for Chilean Language Academy) is an association of academics and experts on the use of the Spanish language in Chile. It is a member of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and is a part of the Instituto de Chile.
The academy was founded in Santiago de Chile on June 5, 1885. It started out with 18 members designated by the Royal Spanish Academy. Its stated aims, according to its bylaws, are: to ensure the purity and splendor of the Spanish language, to contribute to the work of the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, and to collaborate with other institutions on matters related to the language and its literature, particularly Chilean literature.
Today, its members are chosen by co-option. The academy currently has 36 members, as well as a variable number of correspondent members in various Chilean regions and abroad. It has several honorary members, including the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral, the Spanish philologist Víctor García de la Concha, and Pope John Paul II.
The academy gives out five prizes every year:
The academy produces the following periodicals:
It has also published dictionaries, including the 1976 Diccionario del Habla Chilena.
Since its founding, the academy has been led by the following directors:
Невский проспект (повесть)

«Не́вский проспе́кт» — повесть Николая Васильевича Гоголя. Входит в цикл Петербургские повести. Написана в 1833—1834 годах.
Впервые напечатана в книге «Арабески. Разные сочинения Н. Гоголя», ч. 2-я, СПб, 1835. Замысел «Невского проспекта» относится ещё к 1831 году, когда Гоголь сделал несколько незаконченных набросков, рисующих пейзаж Петербурга.
Сохранилось два наброска: «Страшная рука. Повесть из книги под названием: лунный свет в разбитом окошке чердака» и «Фонарь умирал…». Оба наброска, относящиеся к 1831—1833 годам, связывают с замыслом «Невского проспекта».
День Невского проспекта по мнению писателя: 05:00 - 12:00 — раннее утро, на Невском — нищие, им кидают слуги чёрствые пироги. 12:00 - 14:00 — набеги французских гувернёров на ближайшие 2 часа. 14:00 - 15:00 — улица для франтов — чиновников в вицмундирах зелёного цвета. 15:00 - 16:00 — наступление весны; к 16:00 и вплоть до сумерек — Невский проспект почти пустеет.
В. Г. Белинский отмечает, что образ Пирогова принадлежит к числу лучших художественных созданий Гоголя:
Ф. М. Достоевский в "Дневнике писателя" назвал пророческой сцену избиения самодовольного поручика Пирогова мастеровыми:
Губернатор Санкт-Петербурга

Губернатор Санкт-Петербурга — высшее должностное лицо Санкт-Петербурга, возглавляющее исполнительную власть и правительство Санкт-Петербурга.
Губернатор на должность избирается гражданами Российской Федерации, проживающими на территории Санкт-Петербурга и обладающими в соответствии с федеральным законом активным избирательным правом, на основе всеобщего равного и прямого избирательного права при тайном голосовании на срок пять лет.
В полномочия губернатора входят представительство города, законодательная инициатива в городском парламенте, подписание и обнародование законов Санкт-Петербурга, формирование правительства и предоставление отчётов о его деятельности, определение структуры исполнительных органов государственной власти города Санкт-Петербурга и ряд других вопросов. Правовой статус губернатора определяется Уставом Санкт-Петербурга, принятым 14 января 1998 года.
В настоящее время (с 18 сентября 2019 года) губернатором Санкт-Петербурга является Александр Беглов.
Соответственно с Статья 42 Уставу Санкт-Петербурга, Губернатор Санкт-Петербурга:
Это список градоначальников города Санкт-Петербурга — Петрограда — Ленинграда — Санкт-Петербурга за всю его более чем трёхвековую историю.
В разное время городом фактически руководили люди, занимавшие различные наказные и выборные должности: генерал-губернаторы, генерал-полицмейстеры, обер-полицмейстеры, градоначальники (были и не включённые в нижеприведённый список губернаторы); при Временном правительстве — комиссар градоначальства и городской голова; в советское время — Председатели Исполкома Ленсовета и секретари Ленинградского обкома партии. С 1991 года городом, который снова стал Санкт-Петербургом, руководил сначала мэр, затем губернаторы.
Кроме того, с 1766 года по 1918 год в городе существовала должность городского головы — руководителя городского самоуправления. После Городской реформы 1870 года председательствовал в Санкт-Петербургской городской думе.
(C декабря 1931 года по январь 1950 года 1-й секретарь Ленинградского обкома одновременно являлся и 1-м секретарём горкома).
А. Собчак, В. Яковлев (дважды), В. Матвиенко (до переназначения) избирались горожанами на выборах. Г. Полтавченко был назначен губернатором после отмены выборов.
List of bridges in Saint Petersburg

There are more than 400 bridges in the city limits of Saint Petersburg, Russia. This is a partial list of the most famous ones.
Peter the Great was designing the city as another Amsterdam and Venice, with canals instead of streets and citizens skillful in sailing. Initially, there were only about ten bridges constructed in the city, mainly across ditches and minor creeks. By Peter's plans, in the summer months, the citizens were supposed to move around in boats, and in the winter months when the water froze to move in sledges. However, after Peter's death, new bridges were built, as it was a much easier way of transportation. Temporary ponton bridges were used in the summertime. The first permanent bridge of bricks and stones across the main branch of the Neva river appeared in 1850.
Today, there are more 342 bridges over canals and rivers of various sizes, styles and constructions, built at different periods. Some of them are small pedestrian bridges, such as Bank and Lion bridges, others are huge transport arteries such as almost one kilometer long Alexander Nevsky Bridge. There are about 800 small bridges across hundreds of smaller ponds and lakes in public parks and gardens, and over 100 bridges in various ports, marinas, yacht clubs and private industries. The total number of bridges in Saint Petersburg is over a thousand. The nearly 100-meter-wide Blue Bridge, claimed to be the widest in the world, spans the Moyka River. There are bridges designed in various styles with such decorations as statues, lamplights, lions, horses, sphinxes and griffins, and there are modern styles lacking any decor. Thanks to the intricate web of canals, Saint Petersburg is often called the "Venice of the North" which is a popular poetic name for the northern capital.
The names of the bridges are of a great diversity as well. Some take their names from geographic locations — such as English, Italian and Egyptian bridges. Other names refer to the places such as Postoffice, Theater and Bank bridges. Many bridges are named after famous people - Alexander Nevsky, Peter the Great, Lomonosov bridges. There are "colored" bridges — Red, Green, Blue and Yellow bridges.
A familiar view of Saint Petersburg is a drawbridge across the Neva. Every night during the navigation period from April to November, 22 bridges across Neva and main canals are drawn to let ships pass in and out of the Baltic Sea into the Volga-Baltic waterway system. A calculated schedule with precise time of consecutive opening and closing for each bridge is maintained to guarantee passage of cargo ships and tankers at a precisely controlled speed, in order to have at least one bridge at a time staying connected to ensure passage for firefighters, police, ambulances and other ground transportation.
Bridges are numbered downstream, with initials to determine which distributary they cross.
Except bridges, in Saint Petersburg there are other kinds of crossings:
Aeroflot Flight 366

Aeroflot Flight 366, also known as the Miracle on the Neva, was a water landing by a Tupolev Tu-124 of the Soviet state airline Aeroflot (Moscow division). The aircraft took off from Tallinn-Ülemiste Airport (TLL) at 08:55 on 21 August 1963 with 45 passengers and 7 crew on board. The aircraft (registration number CCCP-45021) was built in 1962 and was scheduled to fly to Moscow–Vnukovo (VKO) under the command of 27-year-old captain Victor Mostovoy. After takeoff the nose gear did not retract. Ground control diverted the flight to Leningrad (LED) – because of fog at Tallinn.
At 10:00 Flight 366 started to circle the city at 450 m (1,500 ft), in order to use fuel, reducing weight and decreasing the risk of fire in the event of a crash. The ground services at Pulkovo Airport (LED) were preparing the dirt runway for the landing. Each circuit around the city took the aircraft approximately 15 minutes. During this time the crew attempted to force the nose gear to lock into the fully extended position by pushing it with a pole taken from the cloak closet.
On the eighth and last circuit while 20 km (12 mi) from the airport, the no. 1 engine flamed out due to fuel starvation. The remaining engine ceased shortly thereafter, with the aircraft above the city center, traveling east over St. Isaac's Cathedral and the Admiralty. Upon loss of power the flight crew ditched the aircraft in the 300-metre (1,000 ft) wide Neva River.
Eyewitnesses saw Flight 366 upstream. Immediately after a turn, the aircraft glided over the high steel structures of the Bolsheokhtinsky Bridge with approximately 30 m (100 ft) of clearance. The Tu-124 flew over the Alexander Nevsky Bridge – under construction at the time – barely missing it. The pilot managed to land the aircraft on the river, in close proximity to an 1898-built steam tugboat.
The plane began to fill with water. The captain of the tugboat saw the plane in distress and went to help. He and his crew broke the aircraft's windshield to tie a cable to the cockpit's control wheel and proceeded to tow the craft to the river bank. During the tow all passengers remained on board. Passengers and crew then evacuated the cabin via an access hatch on the plane's roof.
Little Neva

The Little Neva or Malaya Neva (Russian: Ма́лая Нева́) is the second largest distributary of the river Neva. The Neva splits into Great Neva (the southern armlet) and Little Neva (the northern armlet) near the Spit of Vasilievsky Island (easternmost tip of the island), in the historic centre of the city of Saint Petersburg.
The Little Neva is 4.25 kilometres (2.64 mi) long; the width is from 200 to 400 metres (660 to 1,310 ft), and the depth is 3 to 7 metres (10 to 23 ft). It has its own armlets: Smolenka and Zhdanovka. There are three bridges across Little Neva: Exchange Bridge, Tuchkov Bridge and Betancourt Bridge.
59°58′N 30°14′E﻿ / ﻿59.967°N 30.233°E﻿ / 59.967; 30.233
List of National Historic Landmarks in Alaska

The National Historic Landmarks in Alaska represent Alaska's history from its Russian heritage to its statehood. There are 50 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in the state. The United States National Historic Landmark program is operated under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes structures, districts, objects, and similar resources according to a list of criteria of national significance. Major themes include Alaska's ancient cultures, Russian heritage, and role in World War II, but other stories are represented as well. In addition, two sites in Alaska were designated National Historic Landmarks, but the designation was later withdrawn. These sites appear in a separate table further below.
The National Historic Landmark Program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process. The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation. Both public and privately owned properties can be designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means. Owners may object to the nomination of the property as an NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation.
The table below lists all of the National Historic Landmark sites, along with added detail and description.
National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, some National Monuments, and certain other areas listed in the National Park System are historic landmarks of national importance that are highly protected already, often before the inauguration of the NHL program in 1960, and are then often not also named NHLs per se. There are three of these in Alaska. The National Park Service lists these three together with the NHLs in the state,
Cape Krusenstern National Monument is also an NHL and is listed above. The other two are:
Gustavo Nielsen

Gustavo Nielsen (Buenos Aires, 1962) es un escritor, dibujante y arquitecto argentino.​​ En el año 2010, ganó el Premio Clarín por su séptima novela, La otra playa (2010).​
Gustavo Nielsen comenzó escribiendo relatos, que pronto obtuvieron reconocimiento: así, los que integran el libro Playa quemada y Marvin ganaron premios en la Bienal de Arte Joven y en un concurso municipal.
En 1997 quedó finalista en el Premio Planeta Argentina, que fue otorgado a Ricardo Piglia por su novela Plata quemada. Ante esto, Nielsen demandó a Planeta por el hecho de que Piglia se encontraba vinculado con la editorial. Aunque nunca se puso en duda la calidad de la novela premiada, los tribunales fallaron a favor de Nielsen en 2005.​
Además de los citados, ha recibido numerosos galardones, entre los que destaca el Premio Clarín de Novela 2010 por La otra playa.​
Nielsen escribe en el suplemento Radar de Página/12 y tiene una columna semanal, Milanesa napolitana, en el Suplemento Literario Télam;​ además, lleva los blogs: Milanesa con papas y Mandarina.
Como arquitecto ha realizado obras en Buenos Aires, Córdoba, San Luis y Montevideo. Su Galponestudio, en el barrio de Chacarita, ha ganado varios premios y lo comparte desde 2008 con los arquitectos Ramiro Gallardo y Max Zolkwer.​
Nielsen gusta de jugar al ping-pong.​Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Argentina, su madre falleció.​ Ha ilustrado él mismo las portadas de sus libros.​ Admira y ha leído a autores como Patricia Highsmith, J. D. Salinger, Raymond Carver, Horacio Quiroga, Flannery O'Connor y Juan Carlos Onetti.​
Bun (papas fritas)

Bun es una marca de papas fritas envasadas argentinas de la empresa PepsiCo Snacks. La marca Bun fue creada en el año 1958 por Augusto Aboitiz Baroja,​ y continua al día de hoy en el mercado con el lema Si hacen kraccc, son papas BUN.​
Anteriormente esta empresa no fabricaba sólo papas fritas, sino que hacían todo tipo de snacks.
Bun fue una destacada marca argentina de snacks de la década de los años '60, cuando no existían marcas que compitiesen con ella. La planta de elaboración se encontraba en Monroe 860, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, donde al día de hoy reside la escuela de programación DigitalHouse.​ En 1991 la fábrica se trasladó a la localidad Benavidez, Provincia de Buenos Aires. La empresa fue comprada por PepsiCo Snacks en 1993.​ PepsiCo posteriormente adquirió la operación de snacks de Kellogg's y consolidó la producción de ambas marcas en la planta de Florida, Provincia de Buenos Aires, cerrando la planta de Bun en Benavidez. Bun hasta hoy es una marca popular en las zonas rioplatenses.
El eslogan original "Si hace Krrrrrac es Bun" fue creado por Yuste Publicidad bajo la dirección creativa de Carlos Otaduy, un destacado publicista argentino.​
Hoy por hoy, únicamente han sobrevivido las Papas Fritas Bun, los Machitos Bun (derivados de los Twist Bun) y las KesBun, que regresaron por petición popular, aunque con fórmula, tamaño y sabor diferente.
Papas fritas cubiertas de chocolate

Las papas fritas cubiertas de chocolate (en inglés: chocolate covered potato chips) son un aperitivo o snack estadounidense que combina dulce y salado. Consiste en patatas o papitas fritas (chips) sumergidas en chocolate negro fundido o cacao. Son utilizadas para picar como las papas fritas, y también se sirven en fiestas o reuniones como aperitivos y postres, especialmente en Dakota del Norte, donde son conocidas como chippers, así como en otros estados del Medio Oeste e incluso Nueva York y otros estados.
Se desconoce con precisión el origen de este producto, y varias compañías se adjudican su creación. Por ejemplo, la dulcería Widman's Candy, fundada en 1885 en Fargo, Dakota del Norte, tiene una larga historia con el producto, y también produce otros snacks bañados en chocolate, como frutos secos o nubes.​​​ Estos snacks salado-dulces se combinan también con miel, ya que Dakota es la región estadounidense que más produce miel de abeja.​
Entraron en Chicago en el mercado en 1985 mediante una compañía llamada Executive Sweets. La receta fue reinventada por un chef y popularizada en la alta cocina como chips au chocolat.​​
En primer lugar, se fríen las papas o patatas, que por lo general tienen un corte con surcos en la superficie. El tipo de chocolate utilizado por lo general es chocolate con leche que es fácilmente templado para recubrimiento de otros alimentos. El templado del chocolate es para básicamente derretir los trozos de chocolate en una forma líquida con el fin de crear una capa para lo que será el chocolate utilizado para cubrirlo. Las papas fritas cubiertas de chocolate pueden ser encontradas en la sección gourmet en las tiendas de comestibles o en tiendas especializadas en alimentos raros.
Gremolata

La gremolata (o gremolada) es una especie de salsa verde que incluye entre sus ingredientes la ralladura del limón. En la cocina lombarda y en la cocina italiana es tradicionalmente el acompañamiento del ossobuco alla milanese. Los ingredientes más típicos de esta salsa lombarda e italiana son: el ajo, el perejil y la ralladura del limón. La receta clásica también incluye la anchoa. Dependiendo de la receta pueden llevar también peperoncini así como otras hierbas aromáticas.
Veal Milanese

Veal Milanese (Italian: cotoletta alla milanese, pronounced [kotoˈletta alla milaˈneːze, -eːse]) is a popular variety of cotoletta (veal cutlet preparation) from the city of Milan, Italy. It is traditionally prepared with a veal rib chop or sirloin bone-in and made into a breaded cutlet, fried in butter.
A common variation made with chicken is popular in English-speaking countries and bears the name "chicken Milanese" (Italian: pollo alla milanese).
In Milan, a dish called lumbolos cum panitio (lit. 'chops with bread') was served in 1134. It is mentioned at a banquet for the canons of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan. It is not known if the meat was covered in breadcrumbs or if it was served with bread as a side dish. Further evidence dates to around the 1st century BC indicating that the Romans enjoyed dishes of thin sliced meat, which was breaded and fried. The dish resembles the Austrian dish Wiener schnitzel, which originated in Austria around the 19th century; according to some, the two dishes might be related—Milan was part of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, in the Austrian Empire, until 1859—although the history of neither is clear. According to Massimo Alberini, the dish was created in France and brought to Italy and Austria during Napoleonic Wars. The dish was first called côtelette révolution française (Italian: cotoletta rivoluzione francese, lit. 'French Revolution cutlet'). A similar recipe of fried veal cutlet was published in 1735 by the French chef Joseph Menon.
Various breaded meat dishes prepared in South America, particularly in Argentina, were inspired by the cotoletta alla milanese brought by Italian immigrants and are known as milanesa. A local variation of milanesa is called milanesa a la napolitana [es] ('Neapolitan-style Milanese [cutlet]') and is made similar to veal Milanese with a preparation of cheese (mozzarella) and tomato.
Media related to Cotoletta alla milanese at Wikimedia Commons
Lamb Weston

Lamb Weston Holdings, Inc. is an American food processing company that is one of the world's largest producers and processors of frozen french fries, waffle fries, and other frozen potato products. It is headquartered in Eagle, Idaho, a suburb of Boise.
The company was founded in 1950 by Gilbert Lamb in a former co-op plant in Weston, Oregon. In 1988, it was acquired by ConAgra Foods and moved corporate offices from Tigard, Oregon, to Kennewick, Washington. In November 2016, ConAgra spun off the company to its shareholders. In October 2019, Lamb Weston formed the joint venture, Lamb Weston Alimentos Modernos S.A., with Sociedad Comercial del Plata.
In September 2023, it was announced Lamb Weston had acquired the Campbellfield, Victoria-headquartered Australian food manufacturer, Crackerjack Foods. The company will join the Lamb Weston Oceania subsidiary.
On 15 November 2024, a class action lawsuit was filed against Lamb Weston along with multiple other companies alleging that they are colluding together to all hike prices of potato products in a coordinated way.
Lamb Weston Holdings has subsidiaries in Europe, Asia and South America.
In 2022, Lamb Weston / Meijer sold its Russian plant to local shareholders and later Meijer Beheer B.V. sold his share of ownership to Lamb Weston Holdings Inc.
Seán Ó Coileáin

Is scríbhneoir agus léachtóir é Seán Ó Coileáin MA (N.U.I.) AM (Harv) PhD (Harv) ó Bheanntraí, Co. Chorcaí.
Bhain sé a chéim B.A. agus a chéim M.A. amach i gColáiste na hOllscoile i gCorcaigh agus a chéim dochtúireacht i Ollscoil Harvard sna Stáit Aontaithe. Ghnóthaigh Scoláireacht Chiste Theach an Ard-Mhéara (1966) agus Staidéaracht Taistil Ollscoil na hÉireann (1967). Thug tréimhse na Staidéarachta in Ollscoil Harvard mar a raibh sé ina mhac léinn ag John Kelleher agus ag Albert Lord. Is ann a bronnadh an dochtúireacht air sa bhliain 1972; b'é ábhar an tráchtais aige The Guaire cycle: a study in Irish tradition.
Seal ina léachtóir le Nua-Ghaeilge i gCorcaigh ina dhiaidh sin; seal eile ina ollamh le Léann na hÉireann i Harvard; é ina ollamh i gCorcaigh ó shin. Ollamh na Nua Ghaeilge ab ea é i gColáiste na hOllscoile le blianta go dtí gur éirigh sé as sa bhliain 2006.
Plé aige le gnéithe éagsúla de thraidisiún léinn agus liteartha na Gaeilge; spéis fé leith sa litríocht bhéil aige, go háirithe sa chaointeoireacht. Mhol an Institiúid Chultúrtha Ghael-Mheiriceánach príomhdhuais liteartha na bliana 1984 a thabhairt dó as an leabhar "Seán Ó Ríordáin: beatha agus saothar". Suim á chur le fada aige i litríocht an Bhlascaoid; as san a tháinig an cóiriú nua atá déanta ar An tOileánach aige (2002).
Naguib Mahfouz

Scríbhneoir Éigipteach ba ea Naguib Mahfouz (نجيب محفوظ). Rugadh Mahfouz i gcathair Chaireo sa bhliain 1911 agus is ann a cailleadh é sa bhliain 2006.
Scríobh sé 34 úrscéal, breis is 350 gearrscéal, cúig dhráma agus a lán scripteanna scannán. Baineann cuid mhaith dá shaothar leis an bpolaitíocht agus leis an eiseachas. Is gnáthdhaoine ina gcónaí i gcathair Chaireo iad go leor dá charachtair, agus bíonn siad ag iarraidh déileáil le nua-aoisiú shochaí na hÉigipte. Ghnóthaigh sé Duais Nobel na Litríochta sa bhliain 1988.
Toussaint Louverture

Toussaint Louverture (a rugadh mar François-Dominique Toussaint ar 20 Bealtaine 1743 agus a cailleadh ar 7 Aibreán 1803). Ba cheannaire é ar Réabhlóid Saint-Domingue (Háítí). Aithnítear é mar an gcéad cheannaire gorm a bhuaigh ar fhórsaí impireachta coilíní Eorpaí ina thír féin.
Afracach ba ea a sheanathair, Gaou-Guinou, a rugadh i mBéinean na hAfraice; tugadh a athair Hyppolyte chun Saint-Domingue (Háítí) mar dhaor, agus is ann a rugadh Louverture. Lig a mháistir dó léamh agus scríobh a fhoghlaim, agus saoradh é sa bhliain 1776, in aois a thrí bliana is tríocha. Chuaigh sé le feirmeoireacht agus daoir aige.
Faoin am sin bhí sé pósta le bean shaor darbh ainm Suzanne agus bhí clann air, idir dhlisteanach agus neamhdhlisteanach.
Chuaigh Réabhlóid na Fraince i bhfeidhm go mór ar Saint-Domingue: chuir sí na huaisle áitiúla ag cuimhneamh ar neamhspleáchas agus an ísealaicme ag cuimhneamh ar chothroime. Sa bhliain 1791 d'éirigh daoir an tuaiscirt amach agus chuaigh Louverture i bpáirt leis na Spáinnigh in oirthear an oileáin, áit ar fhoghlaim sé ceird na saighdiúireachta. Rug sé an chraobh leis arís agus arís sa chomhrac, trí mhíle fear á leanúint agus é ina ghinearál.
Tháinig Louverture slán ó chomhcheilg agus sa bhliain 1774 thaobhaigh le húdaráis réabhlóideacha a tháinig ón bhFrainc. Idir an dá linn rinne reisimintí Briotanacha agus Spáinneacha ionradh ar an oileán, agus ríogaithe bána ag cabhrú leo. Bhuaigh sé ar na Spáinnigh agus ceapadh é mar leifteanantghinearál in Arm na Fraince.
Bhí Louverture ag troid in aghaidh Arm na Breataine, ach sa bhliain 1798 thréig siad an t-oileán, agus bheartaigh Louverture ar dhul i réim mar an t-aon cheannaire amháin. Bhuail sé a choimhlinteoirí sa bhliain 1799 agus ghabh an chuid Spáinneach den oileán sa bhliain 1801. Ar 9 Bealtaine 1801 d’fhógair sé bunreacht neamhspleáchais a thug lánchumhacht dó lena shaol.
Chealaigh na Francaigh an daoirse sa bhliain 1793, rud a d’fhógair Louverture féin cibé áit a ndeachaigh sé. Mar sin féin, rinne sé na plandálacha a chur ar siúl arís agus é ag iarraidh ar na coilínigh a theith a theacht ar ais. Chun an geilleagar a athneartú d’fhógair sé sa bhliain 1801 go mbeadh ar oibrithe gorma dul ag obair arís sna plandálacha, rud a spreag achrainn.
Dúirt Louverture riamh go raibh sé dílis do rialtas na Fraince, ach bhí eagla ar Napóilean go gcaillfeadh sé coilíneacht shaibhir agus ghéill sé d’áiteamh na dtiarnaí móra talún agus na gceannaithe ar mhian leo an daoirse a chur ar bun arís. Sa bhliain 1802 rinne arm Francach ionradh ar an oileán faoi cheannas an ghinearáil Leclerc; bhí troid ghéar ann ach bhí na Francaigh an-láidir, agus shínigh Louverture conradh a dúirt nach gcuirfí an daoirse ar bun arís.
Ba ghearr gur tógadh é as amhras comhcheilge agus ceannairce. Tugadh anonn go dtí an Fhrainc é, áit ar sacadh é i bpríosún i nDaingean Joux sa bhliain 1802. Fuair sé bás ann ar 7 Aibreán 1803 de bharr galrú fiaclach, de réir mar a dúirt an tuairisc chorpdhiosctha.
Sa bhaile thosaigh an troid arís; d’fhág na Francaigh Saint-Domingue/Háítí, agus fógraíodh an neamhspleáchas ar 1 Eanáir 1804.
David Olusoga

Staraí, scríbhneoir, craoltóir, láithreoir agus déantóir scannán Briotanach is ea David Adetayo Olusoga OBE, (rugadh Eanáir 1970) ). Tá sé ina Ollamh le Stair Phoiblí in Ollscoil Mhanchain. Tá cláir faisnéise stairiúla curtha i láthair aige ar an BBC agus chuidigh sé le The One Show agus The Guardian.
Chuir sé cláir faisnéise stairiúla i láthair ar an BBC agus chuir sé le The One Show agus The Guardian .
Rugadh David Olusoga i Lagos, an Nigéir, d'athair ón Nigéir agus do mháthair Bhriotanach. Ag cúig bliana d'aois, chuaigh Olusoga ar imirce go dtí an RA lena mháthair agus tgadh é i Gateshead, Tyne agus Wear . Bhí sé ar dhuine den bheagán daoine nach den chine geal iad a bhí ina gcónaí ar eastát comhairle . Faoin am a raibh sé 14 bliana d’aois, bhí ionsaí déanta ag an bhFronta Náisiúnta ar a theach níos mó ná uair amháin, rud a d’éiligh cosaint na bpóilíní dó féin agus dá theaghlach. Cuireadh iachall orthu imeacht sa deireadh de dheasca an chiníochais. D'fhreastail sé Ollscoil Learpholl ina dhiaidh sin chun staidéar a dhéanamh ar stair na sclábhaíochta, agus sa bhliain 1994, bhain sé céim BA (Onóracha) Staire amach, agus cúrsa iarchéime san iriseoireacht chraolta ag Leeds Trinity University ina dhiaidh sin.
Chuir Olusoga tús lena ghairm teilifíse mar thaighdeoir ar an tsraith BBC Western Front sa bhliain 1999. Bhí sé ina léiritheoir ar chláir staire tar éis na hollscoile, ag obair ó 2005 ar chláir ar nós Namaib: Genocide and the Second Reich, The Lost Pictures of Eugene Smith agus Abraham Lincoln: Saint or Sinner? .
Ina dhiaidh sin rinneadh láithreoir teilifíse de, ag tosú in 2014 le The World's War: Forgotten Soldiers of Empire, faoi na trúpaí Indiacha, Afracacha agus Áiseacha a throid sa Chéad Chogadh Domhanda, agus ina dhiaidh sin bhí cláir faisnéise agus láithrithe eile ar The One Show ar an teilifís ar BBC One. Sa bhliain 2015, fógraíodh go ndéanfadh sé comhláithreoireacht ar Civilisations, seicheamh ar shraith faisnéise teilifíse 1969 de chuid Kenneth Clark Civilisation, in éineacht leis na staraithe Mary Beard agus Simon Schama. I measc na sraitheanna teilifíse is déanaí uaidh tá Black and British: A Forgotten History, The World's War, A House Through Time agus Britain's Forgotten Slave Owners a bhuaigh duaiseanna BAFTA.
Anu (Irish goddess)

Anu or Ana (sometimes given as Anann or Anand) is the name of a goddess mentioned briefly in Irish mythology.
The 9th century Sanas Cormaic (Cormac's Glossary) says in its entry for her:
She may be a goddess in her own right, or an alternate name for Danu. In the Lebor Gabála Érenn, Anand is given as another name for The Morrígan. As her name is often conflated with a number of other goddesses, it is not always clear which figure is being referred to if the name is taken out of context. The name may be derived from the Proto-Celtic theonym *Φanon-.
Anu has particular associations with Munster: the pair of breast shaped hills known as the Paps of Anu (Dá Chích Anann or "the breasts of Anu") in County Kerry are said to have been named after her.
Her name has the meaning of "wealth, riches, and prosperity." Leaving her with a title of being the goddess of "good fortune and prosperity" in the land of Munster.
While an Irish goddess, in Scotland (Alba) a similar figure is referred to as “Gentle Annie”, in an effort to avoid offence, a tactic which is similar to referring to the fairies as “The Good People”.
Cork City Council

Cork City Council (Irish: Comhairle Cathrach Chorcaí) is the local authority of the city of Cork in Ireland. As a city council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. Before 1 January 2002, the council was known as Cork Corporation. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, environment and the management of some emergency services (including Cork City Fire Brigade). The council has 31 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council is elected on an annual basis and has the honorific title of Lord Mayor. The city administration is headed by a chief executive, Valerie O'Sullivan. The council meets at City Hall, Cork.
The area under the administration of Cork City Council was expanded in 1840, in 1955 and in 1965.
The area was extended from 31 May 2019, taking in territory under the administration of Cork County Council. This implemented changes under the Local Government Act 2019.
The 2015 Cork Local Government Review recommended merging Cork City Council and Cork County Council into a single "super council", within which a metropolitan district council will govern the Metropolitan Cork area; however, a minority report opposed the merger. This was subsequently followed in 2017 by a report published by an expert advisory group recommending a city boundary extension. The city boundary was to be extended to include Little Island, Cork Airport, Ballincollig, Blarney, and Carrigtwohill, adding a population of over 100,000, however the final extension will not include either Little Island or Carrigtwohill. Places farther out will remain part of the county, including Cobh, Carrigaline, and Midleton, as well as Ringaskiddy, the centre of the Port of Cork. The report gives parameters for compensation to be paid by the city to the county for the consequent reduction in its revenue. The revised proposal was welcomed by Micheál Martin but criticised by some county councillors. The city council voted unanimously to accept it. Barry Roche of The Irish Times wrote that the Mackinnon Report "has proven almost as divisive as its predecessor", except with the city and county councils' positions reversed. On 6 June 2018 Cabinet approval was given for the boundary extension, to include the surrounding areas of Cork Airport, Douglas and others.
Cork City Council has two representatives on the Southern Regional Assembly who are part of the South-West Strategic Planning Area Committee.
Members of Cork City Council are elected for a five-year term of office on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV) from multi-member local electoral areas (LEAs).
Cork is divided into five LEAs, defined by electoral divisions and wards.
The following were elected at the 2024 Cork City Council election.
This list reflects the order in which councillors were elected on 7 June 2024.
Front Row Joe

Front Row Joe is an animated character developed as the mascot and promotional character for the American movie theater chain Cinemark Theatres in 1988. The mascot was created by Willming-Reams Animation, an animation studio in San Antonio. He appeared in policy trailers and advertisements until he was retired in 1998 when Cinemark rebranded to an Art Deco design. The mascot returned in 2004 for Cinemark's 20th anniversary before leaving in 2009, and again in 2018 with a significantly different look. He no longer appears in policy trailers, but still does appear in promotional advertisements and special events.
Joe is a anthropomorphic tabby cat that serves as both the protagonist of each animation and the primary example of an upstanding theater guest, following all the policies laid out in each of Cinemark's notices, and encouraging others such as Elton to follow. His reputation as such a guest lights up any part of the theater he's in, with Cinemark staff very happy to see him; in some cases, his positive behavior borders on the level of celebrity status (for example, laying out the red carpet for a limo carrying him). He loves going to the movies and has a great time with everyone by making sure they have a great time, too.
Joe has orange fur and originally wears a purple jacket with a necklace featuring the Cinemark logo until 1990 when he started buttoning his jacket. The logo then appeared on the right side of his jacket, closer to the collar of his shirt. He was a silent character until when he started taking the singing role in 1991. Joe has also worn a scarf in a holiday policy trailer and occasionally wears sunglasses. On a policy trailer made by Cinema Concepts for Cinemark's 20th anniversary in 2004, Joe made a comeback in CGI wearing a tuxedo with a red tie.
In 2018, a new CGI design was created by ATK PLN for Joe, significantly changing his look. He now has beige colored fur and wears a red and white-striped shirt, a black necktie covered with a red sleeveless shirt, and black jeans. His accessories include a purple lanyard, name pin, and digital watch. His purple lanyard describes Joe's is described as teenager since its provided to Cinemark employees under 18, despite originally being an adult cat before the design. He occasionally wears other outfits such as a jungle explorer and summer outfit for promotional images.
During Joe's original run, cinemas offered merchandising such as plastic kid-sized cups, plush, and t-shirts.
কুল (ফল)

কুল, বরই বা বড়ই (বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম: Ziziphus zizyphus) দক্ষিণ এশিয়ায় বহুল প্রচলিত কন্টকপূর্ণ গাছের ফল। বাংলাদেশের আর ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গের প্রায় সর্বত্র, সর্বপ্রকার মাটিতেই বরই গাছ জন্মে। একটু ডিম্বাকৃতির বরইকে সচরাচর "কুল" বলে অভিহিত করা হয়। বরই গাছ ছোট থেকে মাঝারি আকারের ঝোপাল প্রকৃতির বৃক্ষ। বরই গাছের স্বাভাবিক উচ্চতা ১২-১৩ মিটার। এই গাছ পত্রঝরা স্বভাবী অর্থাৎ শীতকালে পাতা ঝরে, বসন্তে নতুন পাতা আসে। বরই গাছের ডাল-পালা ঊর্ধ্বমুখী। বৎসরের সেপ্টেম্বরে - অক্টোবরে মৌসুমে গাছে ফুল আসে। ফল ধরে শীতে। ফল গোলাকার, ছোট থেকে মাঝারি। ফল আকারে ছোট, কমবেশী ২.৫ সেন্টিমিটার। ফল পাকলে রঙ হলুদ থেকে লাল বর্ণ হয়। কাঁচা ও পাকা উভয় পদের বরই খাওয়া হয়। স্বাদ টক ও কাঁচামিঠা জাতীয়। বরই রোদে শুকিয়ে সংরক্ষণ করা যায়। পাকা বরই শুকিয়ে চাটনি প্রস্তুত করা হয়।
পশ্চিমবাংলা ভারতে একে "কুল" বলা হয়। এই কুলের সাথে হিন্দু সরস্বতী পূজার একটা সম্পর্ক রয়েছে। পশ্চিমবাংলার হিন্দুরা শ্রী শ্রী সরস্বতী পূজার আগে কুল খায় না। সরস্বতী পুজোর দিন মা সরস্বতীকে কুল নিবেদন করবার পরে কুল খাওয়া যায়। প্রতি স্কুলে মা সরস্বতীর পূজা হয়। সুতরাং কুলের সাথে সরস্বতী পুজোর একটা সম্পর্ক আছে, এমনকি জয়রামবাটিতে মা সারদা দেবীকে সরস্বতী পুজোর দিন দুপুর বেলা কুলের চাটনি অন্নভোগে দেওয়া রীতি।
ক্রান্তীয় এবং উপক্রান্তীয় অঞ্চলে বরই বেশ জন্মে। এর আদি নিবাস আফ্রিকা হলেও বর্তমানে এটি বাংলাদেশ, ভারত, আফগানিস্তান, চীন, মালয়েশিয়া, অস্ট্রেলিয়া এবং প্রশান্ত মহাসাগরীয় কিছু অঞ্চলে বিস্তার লাভ করেছে।
উত্তর ভারতের প্রতিটি বরই গাছে বছরে ৮০ থেকে ২০০ কেজি পর্যন্ত বরই ফলে। দশ থেকে বিশ বছর বয়সী গাছেই ফলন বেশি হয়। কুলে বিভিন্ন খনিজ দ্রব্য এবং ভিটামিন ‘এ’ ও ‘সি’ আছে।
বাউকুল (ফল)

বাউকুল উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞানীদের গবেষণার মাধ্যমে উদ্ভাবিত একপ্রকার উচ্চফলনশীল কুল। এটি ময়মনসিংহে অবস্থিত বাংলাদেশ কৃষি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে কর্মরত উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞানীদের গবেষণার ফসল। এটি সুস্বাদু, সুমিষ্ট,দৃষ্টিনন্দন। রং, রস, গুণ, সুগন্ধ সর্বদিকে এটি সমৃদ্ধ। এটি বিশেষভাবে অর্থকরী। বাউকুল দেশের অনেক অঞ্চলে আপেল কুল হিসেবেও পরিচিত। বাউকুল-১ প্রজাতির গাছ লাগানোর ৪/৫ মাসের মধ্যে ফল পাওয়া যাবে।এই অল্প সময়ের মধ্যেই একটি গাছ থেকে কমপক্ষে ১০ কেজি কুল পাওয়া যায়। ২০০৯ খ্রিষ্টাব্দে বাংলাদেশে প্রায় ১৫ হাজার টন বাউকুল চাষ হয়েছে। এক-একটি বাউকুলের ওজন ৯০ থেকে ১৪০ গ্রাম যেকানে সাধারণ কুলের ওজন ১০ থেকে ৩০ গ্রাম। বাউকুল ফলাতে সময় লাগে মাত্র ছয় মাস যেখানে সাধারণ কুল উৎপাদনে সময় লাগে দুই থেকে তিন বছর।
কুল নামক ফলটির বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম Zizyphus mauritiana। কুলেরই একটি বিশেষ প্রজাতি বাউকুল যা বাংলাদেশ কৃষি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে কর্মরত উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞানী প্রফেসর ডঃ এম এ রহিমের নেতৃত্বে গবেষণার ফসল। বাউ = BAU = Bangladesh Agricultural University)। প্রথম দফায় উদ্ভাবিত এই কুলের পূর্ণ নাম রাখা হয়েছে এফটিআইপি-বাউকুল- ১। ফলের গুণাগুণ রক্ষার জন্য বাউকুল-১ কুঁড়ি সংযোজন ও জোড় কলমের মাধ্যমে বংশ বিস্তার করা হয়। বাউকুল উদ্ভাবনে ১৭ বৎসর সময় লেগেছে। বাংলাদেশ কৃষি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের জার্মপ্লাজম সেন্টারের গবেষণায় এটি আবিষ্কৃত হয়। বাউকুল - ২ ইতোমধ্যে উদ্ভাবিত হয়েছে। এটি অধিকতর রসালো এবং অনেক বেশি মিষ্টি হবে।
এটি সাধারণত পাকা ও টাটকা অবস্থায় খাওয়া হয়। কুলের জাত ও পরিপক্কতার বিচারে এর খাদ্যমানের কিছুটা তারতম্য হওয়া অস্বাভাবিক নয়। কুল খাদ্য হিসাবে অত্যন্ত সমৃদ্ধ। বিভিন্ন খনিজ লবণ এবং ভিটামিন এ এবং ভিটামিন সি-এর একটি ভালো উৎস হচ্ছে কুল। কুলে সাধারণত ৮৫.৯ ভাগ পানি, ০.৮ ভাগ আমিষ, ০.১ ভাগ স্নেহ, ১২.৮ ভাগ লৌহ থাকে। প্রতি ১০০ গ্রাম শাঁসে ৫৫ ক্যালরি শক্তি, ৭০ আই. ইউ. ক্যারোটিন ও ৫০-১৫০ মিঃ গ্রাঃ ভিটামিন সি বিদ্যমান। কুল শুকিয়েও পরবর্তীকালে ব্যবহারের জন্য ঘরে রেখে দেওয়া যায়। শুকনো কুল ডালের সাথেও বহুল ব্যবহার লক্ষ্য করা যায়। এছাড়া কুল দিয়ে আচার, চাটনী, মোরব্বা, শরবত ও জেলী তৈরি করা যায়। তাছাড়া আয়ুর্বেদ চিকিৎসা শাস্ত্রে কুলের বহুবিদ ব্যবহার উল্লেখ রয়েছে। কুল গাছে Techardia laccad নামক এক প্রকার অতি ক্ষুত্র পোকা লালন করে গালা তৈরী করা যায়।