Umuceli

Umuceli cyangwa Umuceri (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Oryza) bawutera aho amazi ali mu bibaya, aliko si mu mugezi hagati. iyo weze barawusarura, bakawuhura, bakawugosora. umuceli weze neza urererana. iyo bamaze kuwugosora, bawuhunika mu magunira, bakawubika ahameze, neza, ukaba wahamara igihe kirekire utononekaye.
Aho igihingwa gikunda : Umuceri ukunda mu bishanga by’uturere dushyuha (tw’imirambi n’imisozi iringaniye), ubushakashatsi burakorwa ku moko yahingwa imusozi. Umuceri tuza kuvuga ni uhingwa mu butaka bw’ibumba n’ubundi bwose bu­dahitisha amazi.
Mbere yo gutera umuceri, ni ngombwa kurwanya isuri ku mabanga y’imisozi akikije igishanga kigiye guhingwamo umuceri. Icya kabiri, ubutaka bugomba kuba bumeze neza kugira ngo igihingwa kizakure neza kandi buringaniye. Gutegura umurima habamo gutabira no gusanza, kuvanga amazi n’ibyondo no kuringaniza.
Gutegura umurima ni ukuwutunganya kugira ngo uterwemo umuceri. Bikorwa mu byiciro binyuranye: gutabira no gusanza ( inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 2), kuvuruga no kuringaniza (inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3) umurima kugira ngo umuceri uzamere neza. Iyo mirimo ishobora gukorwa ubutaka bwumutse cyangwa burimo amazi.
Udutanda 3 twa m 1 y’ubugari, uburebure = m 6
-Litiro 1 y’amazi + ml 10 z’umuti wa Kitazine cyangwa gm 5 za Beam( udufuniko 5 tw’icupa rya fanta)
-Igerambuto kuri Ha : kg 25-30 cyangwa kg 1.25 – 1.5 kuri m2 500 (boroke).
umuti uzifateho (kumutsa imbuto mbere yo kuzinika mu mazi, bifata igice cy’umusi
Guhungira imbuto bigira akamaro ko gukingira imbuto uduhumyo dutera indwara nk’indwara yitwa Bakanae cyangwa gukururumba, n’iya Cyumya (Uburima), n’iy’ibidomo by’ikigina (brown spot), n’ifata impeke ( grain rot).
• Batera kg 0.15 Kg - 0.2 kuri Ari bitewe n’ubwoko bw’imbuto.
Guhumbika imbuto z’umuceri mu mitabo
Gutata neza ubuhumbikiro nyuma yo kubiba imbuto mu dutabo/uturenzo
- Mu gihe cyo kugemeka no byara: igihingwa cy’umuceri cyakwangirika kibuze amazi ahagije, kikagwingira cyangwa se ntigifate rwose.
-Mu gihe cyo kubyara no gutangira kuzana amahundo: muri iki gihe, igihingwa cy’umuceri gishobora kwihanganira amazi make. Igipimo cy’amazi kigomba kuguma hasi kugira ngo kubyara byihute.
- Mu gihe cyo gutangira kuzana amahundo- Kurabya: irinde ko umurima w’umuceri uburamo amazi.
- Mu gihe cyo kurabya-kwera: mu gihe cyo kwagika no kurabya n’igihe gikurikiraho gututubikana ku muceri biba biri ku rwego rwo hejuuru. Kubura kw’amazi mu murima bituma intete ziba ibihuhwa kandi umuceri ukera nabi. Amazi avanwa mu murima hagati y’iminsi 15 na 20 nyuma yo kwagika mu rwego rwo kwihutisha kwera no kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuceri ukurura Azote nyinshi.
Kunyuza ikibagazo gisunikwa hagati y’imirongo
Imiyoboro n’amadige
Iyi ndwara iterwa n’udukoko twa bagiteri (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), ikarangwa no kurabirana kw’amababi cyangwa kw’igihingwa cyose. Igice gifashwe gihinduka icyatsi kijujuka, kikazahinduka umuhondo weruruka. Umuceri ukiri muto urababuka burundu. Isoko y’ubwandu ishobora kuba ibyatsi byo ku mpande y’igishanga, ibicericeri (ibishogoshogo) cyangwa umuceri wo mu gasozi. Iyi ndwara yinjirira mu bikomere by’igihingwa mu gihe cyo kugemūra cyangwa se iyo umuceri ukomerekejwe n’umuyaga cyangwa imvura.
Gukoresha imbuto zihangana; kwirinda ibintu byose bibika ubwandu; kutarenza urugero rw’umunyungugu wa azote; kurinda ko ibitanda n’imirima birengerwa n’amazi.
Ni indwara mbi cyane, iterwa n’agahumyo gato katabonwa n’amaso. Ifata ingingo zose : ibibabi, uduti, indabo n’impeke. Ikunda gukara cyane mu buhumbikiro, umuceri ugeze igihe cyo guhagika, guterera n’igihe cyo kurabya.
amababi azaho amabara y’ikigina cyijimye, ajya kuba maremare, asongoye, y’ikijuju hagati, ku mababi kandi hazaho utudomo tw’icyatsi cyenda kuba ikijuju dusa nkaho turimo amazi dufite ishusho y’uruziga cyangwa imeze nk’igi, amabara akuze aba nk’afite inkovu; ku bufubiko bw’indabo haza ho utubara tw’ikigina; mu gihe cyo guterera, ku ipfundo rya nyuma riri hasi y’indabo hazaho uruziga rwirabura, agati ko hejuru y’iryo pfundo kakuma, ihundo ntirizemo impeke; uruti (igikenyeri) ruruma; mu buhumbikiro, ingemwe zirashya zikababuka zose.
Gukoresha azote nyinshi mu murima; ubushyuhe bwinshi buvanze n’ubutohe; ivu ryinshi rirunze hamwe.
Uburima bwo ku mababi
Amahundo arwaye
Gutera imbuto zihangana; gutera imbuto umuti mbere yo guhumbika(Thiram-Benomyl,..); gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ku rugero nyarwo; kuyobora amazi ahagije mu murima; isuku mu murima n’ahawegereye; gutwika ibikenyeri by’umuceri nyuma yo gusarura; gutera imiti (Tebuconazole, Benomyl, Kitazine,...); kubahiriza igihe cy’ihinga; no kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubuhinzi (ubucucike bw’imbuto mu murima, ifumbire nyayo ku rugero nyarwo, amazi mu murima ku rugero...).
Indwara ya Virusi y’umuceri (RYMV) ni icyorezo cyibasiye umuceri mu bihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika, ikaba igaragara mu bihugu hafi ya byose bihinga umuceri. Iyi ndwara iterwa na Virusi yagaragaye no mu gihugu cya Tutukiya.
Umuceri wafashwe n’indwara iterwa na virusi.
Indwara iterwa na Virusi y’umuceri (RYMV) ikwirakwizwa n’amoko menshi y’udukoko, inka, imbeba n’indogobe. Iyo udukoko dukwirakwiza virusi turiye umuceri wafashwe duhita tuyikwirakwiza ku muceri utarandura n’indi mirima igiterwa aho hafi cyangwa ubuhumbikiro. Umuceri, ibihingwa virusi zihishamo zigakuriramo n’ibishibu cyangwa ibimera byimeza mu mirima hagati y’ibihembwa by’ihinga bituma virusi zikomeza kuguma mu murima. Indwara iterwa na virusi ishobora no gukwirakwizwa n’amatembabuzi ava ku gihingwa ajya ku kindi ( amazi yo kuhira, amazi ava ku gututubikana kw’igihinwa no gukoranaho kw’ibice by’igihingwat birwaye n’ibizima ndetse no ku bisigazwa by’ibihibgwa).
Virusi ishobora no kuboneka mu mizi y’ibihingwa byafashwe kandi ishobora kwanduza ibindi bihingwa binyuze mu bikomere by’imizi.
Gukoresha imbuto zihanganira iyi ndwara ni bwo buryo buboneye bwo kurwanya indwara ya virusi y’umuceri (RYMV).
Ubundi buryo bwo kuyirwanya burimo ubu bukurikira:
Iyi ndwara irangwa n’imirongo y’icyatsi cyijimye isa n’itose ku dutsi tw’ibibabi. Aya mabara agenda yaguka kandi yiyegeranya, agahinduka ikijuju gishyira umuhondo,akenshi ayo mabara akaba mu kibabi hagati. Indwara irakura, amababi agahinduka ikijuju cyeruruka, ubundi akuma.
Ibimenyetso by’ingenge z’amababi
Uburyo bwo kuyirinda no kuyirwanya:
Inyo za nkongwa zinjira mu gikenyeri, zikarya umutima, zigapfumura mu mapfundo.
Iyo umuceri ufashwe ukiri muto ntukura neza, amababi aba umuhondo, akuma. Iyo umuceri ufashwe nyuma yo kubyara cyangwa urimo kurabya, impeke ntizizamo neza; zireruruka kandi zikaba ibihuhwe.
Mu gihe cy’isarura, nkongwa zitangira kwiyubururira mu gice cyo hasi
cy’igikenyeri. Iyo ihinga rihise rikurikira isarura, bituma nkongwa yiyongera
Ifoto igaragaza Nkongwa y’umuceri
Gutaba mu mazi ibisigazwa byo mu murima kugira ngo bibore vuba; no gutera imiti igihe ari ngombwa.
Isazi y’umuceri (Diopsis Thoracica) : Ni agakoko gafite amabara abiri : ahegereye umutwe ni umukara, naho ahandi ni nk’ikigina. Inyo ziva mu magi y’iyi sazi ni zo zangiza cyane nka nkongwa. Isazi n’inyo, byombi birya amababi, bikanyunyuza amazi. Inyo zizamuka mu ntimatima zihereye mu mizi, zikarya umutima w’igikenyeri. Umuceri utarabumbura uhinduka umuhondo. Iyo umuceri ufashwe umaze guhagika cyangwa mbere yo kuraba, amahundo ntiyirema neza, nta n’impeke zizamo.
Ifoto igeragaza Isazi y’umuceri
Imbeba zo mu mazu n’iz‘igasozi, zose zibasha kwangiza umuceri mu murima k’urugero rwa 20%. Uburyo bwo kuzirwanya:
Inyoni z’amoko atandukanye zona umuceri zigatera igihombo k’umusaruro kigera ku rugero rwa 25%-30%.
Uburyo bwo kuzirwanya:
NB: Nta buryo buhamye bwo kubuza inyoni kwangiza umuceri uretse kuzirukana.
Ibyatsi bibi:
Ibyatsi bibi bikunze kuboneka mu murima w’umuceri mu Rwanda biri mu bwoko bukurikira: umutete(Echnochloa crusgali, Echnochloa Colonum); urukangaga(Cyperus diformis); umurago (Cyperus rutondus) n’ibindi.
Uburyo bwo kubirwanya:
Guhura umuceri
Kwanika umuceri udatonoye ku zuba (umuceri muwubika igihe kingana iki mu bubiko bwanyu)
Gutonora umuceri ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi mu gutunganya umusaruro w’umuceri. Intego nyamukuru yo gutonora umuceri ni ubukuraho igishishwa cy’inyuma n’udushishwa tundi tutwikiriye intete kugira ngo ugere ku ntete iribwa ifite ibara ry’umweru, idafite ubundi busembwa.
Bitewe n’amahitamo y’abaguzi ku isoko, umuceri wagombye kuba urimo ibimene bike cyane.
Ugosora umuceri uvanamo imyanda n’intete z’ibihuhwe, ukoresheje imashini cyangwa Urutaro rwa gakondo.