davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Alfeñique (desambiguación)

Alfeñique es una palabra española cuya primera etimología conocida se encuentra en la palabra sánscrita: phaṇita con la cual se alude al concentrado de guarapo, luego pasó al persa, del persa al árabe clásico como fānīd y de allí al árabe andalusí fa[y]níd con el artículo árabe al antepuesto; tal palabra puede referir a:
Alfeñique es también un adjetivo vulgar peyorativo que alude a las personas de poca contextura física, también a un sujeto debilucho o remilgado.
Nilba y los Disasternauts

Nilba y los Desastronautas fue una serie de dibujo animado creada por Ale McHaddo (mismo creador de Osmar, la Primera Rebanada del Pan de Forma) y producida pela 44 Toons en coproducción con la Fundación Padre Anchieta. La serie comenzó a ser exhibida por la TV Rá-Tim-Bum de 2011 hasta 2012, siendo más tarde reprisada en 2013 por los canales Gloob y TV Cultura (en el Patio de la Cultura) y por la TV Brasil.
La serie es una parodia a los seriados de ficción científica como Perdidos en el Espacio, Star Trek y que también hace referencias las series de animación en general. Nilba y los Desastronautas se destacó también por haber sido unas de las primeras series brasileñas a ser transmitidas en canales norteamericanos, como Starz Kids y Family Channel con el nombre de Newbie and the Disasternauts.
La serie gira en torno al cotidiano de una tripulación espacial terrestre aprisionados en un extraño satélite conocido por Luna Guisante, habitado por varias criaturas alienígenas. El protagonista Nilton Bawsk es un chico que se hizo capitán de la S.S. Genivald después de una tentativa de juguetear de astronauta comprando un viaje espacial, de la cual él aún se ofertó para pilotar estando en la compañía de su mono tutor Albert, suya prima Laica y una tripulación improvisada del servicio. Sin embargo su tentativa de hacerse capitán acaba dando errado al hacer la nave caer en un satélite distante despedazándose y forzando todos a quedar prendidos por allá usando a tal nave como base-casa.
Cada episodio gira en torno a las estripulias de Nilba y sus amigos por la Luna Ervilha, la mayor parte de los episodios enfocando en la búsqueda de ellos vuelvan para Tierra, mientras otros muestran las tentativas fracasadas del antagonista Zurduki en querer se infiltrar en la nave. Siempre ocurren referencias y parodias a diversos dibujos animados, generalmente en menciones, personajes semejantes o mismo episodios enfocados prácticamente en eso de forma cómica.
Alfeñique

Alfeñique, or Alfenim in Brazil, is a type of confection or sweet originating in Spain molded into a long or twisted shape made of cane sugar together with other ingredients. This sweet has been used in Hispanic America in folkloric events since colonial times.
The alfeñique was a typical sweet of Islamic Spain, known as "Al-Fanid", which was warm and wet and used to treat coughs. In the Kingdom of Granada, it was made of sugar, water, honey and almond oil, stretched to create a viscous paste. Alfeñique figures, especially calaveras (known in the US as Sugar Skulls), are widely created in Mexico for the Day of the Dead celebrations in November.
Today, the main production center for alfeñique figures are Toluca, San Miguel de Allende and Guanajuato. Today, the paste is used to form hundreds of types of shapes which include rabbits, lions, ducks, doves, cows, bulls, donkeys, pigs, frogs, horses, deer, angels, skulls and coffins. The art form has taken on more elaborate sculptures that involve more sophisticated and modern techniques that there are now encyclopedic volumes on how to create them for all different occasions, apart from Day of the Dead celebrations. There are regional fairs and events that celebrate this art form, including ones in Toluca, Mexico State and in Leon, Guanajuato.
The paste is prepared by mixing powdered sugar with chautle, a vegetable adhesive, and lemon. Egg whites are beaten separately then folded into the sugar. Vegetable dyes are added for color. The unworked portion is covered with a damp cloth to keep it from hardening. Molds are prepared by carefully cleaning them, then dusting them with flour so the sugar mixture does not stick. The sugar paste is flattened into thin circles which are pressed into the molds, then left to dry for 24 hours.
The two halves of the figure are then taken from the molds and joined together with more sugar paste, slightly thinned with water. This is left to dry again before decoration. Decorative elements can include cotton balls, sequins, sugar paste which is shaped and attached, plastic jewels and many other items.
The different regions make their alfeñique figures according to local traditions and ingredients. Many families have been involved in making figurines for generations and some use molds that go back just as far. Apart from their popularity during Day of the Dead celebrations, many families display the objects, particularly the skulls, in their homes. In Oaxaca, they commonly take the shape of skulls, crowns, crucifixes, the dead and are made from crystallized sugar with honey in the center. In the State of Mexico, the most common objects are coffins, hearses, deer, sheep, angels, fruit, and skulls made of white sugar paste. In Puebla, the most common objects are skulls and coffins and the main ingredients include almonds, peanuts and pumpkin seeds mixed with sugar and egg, in the style of an almond paste.
Alfeñique fair

The Alfeñique fair (Spanish: feria del Alfeñique) is an annual event that takes place in the city of Toluca, Mexico in which vendors sell traditional sugar skulls with names labeled on the forehead, as well as candy in a variety of shapes, in order to celebrate the Mexican holiday Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead). Chocolate and sugar skulls are used to decorate altars dedicated to the dead during the celebration.
The fair starts in the middle of October and lasts up to the beginning of November. Hundreds of people sell their wares at Los Portales, a series of arches surrounding the so-called place, where people can go and buy their own skulls for their altars. Every year a contest takes places in order to give a prize to the best candy skull and to the best decorated business.
Alfeñique is an Arabic word "alfainid”. This word was referred to the preparation of a pastry of cooked sugar stretched into very thin layers. The alfeñique came along with the Spanish and then the aztecs made figurines with amaranth for their altars. These were known as the first alfeñiques in the New World. In colonial times, the nuns related the “alfeñique” as a traditional figurine for the months of October and November to celebrate Día de Muertos.
There is also an annual Alfeñique fair in the city of Guanajuato.
Media related to Alfeñique fair at Wikimedia Commons
Фаянс

Фая́нс (фр. faïence, от названия итальянского города Фаэнца, где производился фаянс) — керамические изделия (облицовочные плитки, архитектурные детали, посуда, умывальники, унитазы и др.), имеющие плотный мелкопористый черепок (обычно белый), покрытые прозрачной или глухой (непрозрачной) глазурью. Для изготовления фаянса применяются те же материалы, что и для производства фарфора (меняется лишь соотношение компонентов), и сходная технология (различия в режиме обжига). Высшим сортом фаянса считается Опак.
Близкие к фаянсу изделия изготовлялись в Древнем Египте, Китае IV—V вв., позднее — в Иране, Корее, Японии в XI—XIII вв.
Особую известность получили иранские изделия с росписью цветными эмалями по кремовой глазури. В Европе фаянс начали выпускать в середине XVI века во Франции, это были изделия с многоцветной или синей кобальтовой подглазурной росписью. В XVIII—XX вв. высокого качества фаянсовые изделия производили керамисты Англии, Германии, России. Определились характерные черты художественного фаянса: мягкость линий, обобщенность форм, многообразие способов украшения — росписью, рельефом, цветными глазурями.
В Российской империи предшественницей фаянса была майолика. В 1724 году в Москве была основана фабрика Гребенщикова, на которой был начат выпуск посуды из майолики.
В 1801 году в городе Перово немцем Карлом Отто был открыт завод фаянса. В настоящее время известен единственный сохранившийся предмет этой фабрики — холодильник в исключительной сохранности.
После Отечественной войны 1812 года были введены ограничительные, а впоследствии и запретительные тарифы на ввоз европейских предметов из фаянса. Это положительно сказалось на отечественном производстве. Иностранные изделия, преимущественно английские, сильно выросли в цене. Большая часть мелких фаянсовых производств открылась в районе Гжели. Необходимость конкурировать с европейскими фабриками, в частности, с Веджвудом, заставила российских производителей не только повышать технологические показатели (тонкость черепка, декоративность изделий, цвет и прочность), но и держать адекватные цены.
В 1833 году в Московской губернии на фабрике «Гарднер», производившей фарфор, было освоено производство фаянса. В 1840-х годах налажено производство фаянса сорта Опак.
Петербургские и гжельские фабрики стали основой фаянсовой промышленности России. Настоящие фаянсовые заводы появились в России лишь в начале XIX века. Именно тогда были открыты Межигорская фаянсовая фабрика и завод Ауэрбаха в Тверской губернии, впоследствии известный как Конаковский фаянсовый завод.
Сувенир

Сувени́р (фр. souvenir — воспоминание, память) — предмет, предназначенный напоминать о чём-то, например, о посещении страны, города, национального парка, музея, храма, объекта культуры, какого-то другого места или мероприятия туристами, паломниками и др..
Сувенирная продукция брендов, знаменитостей, музыкантов, спорстменов может называется мерченда́йз или сокращённо мерч (англ. merchandise — продвигать, продавать).
В древности существовала традиция дарить родным и близким людям так называемые обереги. Люди, побывавшие в других странах, стремились привезти оттуда что-то диковинное и памятное. Даже в варварском обществе существовал ритуальный обмен дарами. Всё это переросло в современную традицию дарить друг другу сувениры. Во многих странах, да и практически в каждой местности есть свои особенные предметы, с которыми ассоциируют эту местность, такие вещи чаще всего и становятся сувенирами.
Сувениры несут колорит места, в котором они были произведены и приобретены — эмблема города, герб или флаг страны, изображение памятного места и т. д. Это могут быть предметы, которыми славится местное производство: например, в России это матрёшки, дымковская игрушка (особенно свистулька), тульский самовар, ивановские ткани и изделия из них, оренбургские пуховые и павловопосадские набивные платки, гжельская и хохломская роспись, дулёвский фарфор, кольчугинские столовые приборы и т. д. В качестве сувениров (особенно в подарочной упаковке) туристами часто привозятся местные сладости, напитки и др. продукты питания.
Бывают как сувениры с простым качеством, не обладающие художественной ценностью (открытки, магниты на холодильник, брелоки, значки, сувенирные монеты, жетоны, тарелки, кружки, ложки, колокольчики и др. предметы с изображениями, фигурки, модельки, «снежные шары», поделки и т. п.), так и качественные образцы, предметы искусства (картины с изображением памятников культуры, статуэтки, изделия ручной работы).
Сувениры часто продаются в специализированных магазинах (souvenirs или gift shop, дословно — «магазин подарков»), лавках, киосках, палатках, лотках. Некоторые виды «сувениров» запрещено вывозить из страны: например, из Египта нельзя вывозить кораллы, раковины (ракушки), из Таиланда — изображения Будды, из Австралии — аксессуары, сделанные из кожи местных рептилий, из ЮАР — иглы дикобраза и изготовленные из них поделки, изделия из акульих зубов и слоновой кости и т. д.. Некоторые сувениры можно вывозить только при предъявлении чеков из магазинов: например, украшения из Турции стоимостью больше 15 тысяч долларов.
В последние годы во многих странах мира появилось понятие корпоративных сувениров-презентов (рекламных бизнес-сувениров), то есть подарочных изделий, которые изготовляются по заказу и преподносятся гостям и сотрудникам компании от руководства в честь юбилейных событий или приурочены к праздничным датам. В качестве таких сувениров большую популярность приобрели блокноты, ручки и лазерная графика (сувенир в виде прозрачного кристалла с объёмным изображением внутри).
Индустрия сувенирного бизнеса является одним из элементов туристического бизнеса и сопровождает последний практически по всему миру.
Гжель (село, Московская область)

Гжель — село в Раменском городском округе Московской области, находится в 43 км от МКАД.
Население — 1006 чел. (2010). По территории села протекает река Гжелка, впадающая в Москву-реку.
В районе села Гжель в 1986 и 1988 годах археологами А. Е. Кравцовым и А. Г. Векслером обнаружено поселение древнерусского времени и грунтовый могильник XIV—XVII веков.
Название Гжель известно по духовной грамоте Ивана Калиты 1330-х годов. Он завещал село своему сыну Ивану Красному. Затем оно принадлежало Дмитрию Донскому, Василию I его вдове Софье Витовтовне. В XVII—XVIII веках Гжель входила в состав Вохонской десятины Замосковной половины Московского уезда, а после 1781 года — Бронницкого уезда Московской губернии и была центром одноименной волости.
В начале XVII века в селе отмечены два деревянных храма: действующая церковь Успения Пресвятой Богородицы и церковь Дмитрия Солунского («пуста и обвалилась»). В дальнейшем, в документах упоминается лишь Успенская церковь. В 1701 году в Гжели построен каменный храм, разобранный в 1882—1885 годах при строительстве нового здания. Существующая церковь в Гжели была построена по проекту К. В. Гриневского и освящена 24 ноября 1885 года.
Керамический промысел приобрёл большое значение в XIX веке. Во второй половине XIX века основные керамические заводы Гжельской волости располагались в селе Речицы, деревнях Бахтеево, Меткомелино, Новохаритоново, Трошково, Фенино. В селе Гжель находилось лишь два мелкотоварных завода: Е. М. Малина и И. И. Николаева, специализировавшихся на изготовлении горшков.
До 2002 года Гжель была центром Гжельского сельского округа.
В селе имеются: дом культуры и библиотека, кафе «Гжель» и несколько магазинов, дом быта, амбулатория, центр сельского округа, памятник погибшим в годы ВОВ, отделение АО «Гжельское», детский сад и школа.
В селе располагается одно отделение среднего общего образования и одно дошкольного отделения :
Filimonovo toy

Filimonovo toys (Russian: Филимо́новская игру́шка) are a type of Russian pottery craft produced in Odoyevsky District of Tula Oblast, Russia. The toys derive its name from the village of its origin, Filimonovo, and are moulded by hand from the bluish-grey local clay that fires into a pure white ceramic. The artists paint the figures with aniline dyes with motifs of brightly colored strips and spots.
Filimonovo toys are often clay whistles in the forms of women, horsemen, and assorted animals such as bears, cattle, and roosters. Figurine motifs of people or other animals hold chickens or roosters is also quite common.
Russian martial arts

There are a number of martial arts styles and schools of Russian origin. Traditional Russian fist fighting has existed since the 1st millennium AD. It was outlawed in the Russian Empire in 1832. However, it has seen a resurgence after the break-up of the Soviet Union.
During the Soviet era, the government wanted to create both military hand-to-hand combat systems and combat sports, resulting in the creation of sambo. During the 1980s and after the fall of Communism the interest in the folk martial arts was reawakened. Through ethnographic study, many new styles based on the folk styles appeared.
Russian fist fighting (Russian - Кулачный бой Kulachniy boy "fist fighting, pugilism) is the traditional bare-knuckle boxing of Russia. The earliest accounts concerning the sport date to the 13th century.
Sambo (Russian: са́мбо, IPA: [ˈsambə]; САМозащита Без Оружия) is a Russian martial art and combat sport. The word "SAMBO" is an acronym for SAMozashchita Bez Oruzhiya, which literally translates as "self-defense without weapons". Sambo is relatively modern since its development began in the early 1920s by the Soviet Red Army to improve their hand-to-hand combat abilities. Intended to be a merger of the most effective techniques of other martial arts, sambo has roots in Japanese judo, international styles of wrestling, plus traditional folk styles of wrestling such as: Armenian kokh, Georgian chidaoba, Romanian trântă, Tatar köräş, Uzbek kurash, Mongolian khapsagay and Azerbaijani gulesh.
The pioneers of sambo were Viktor Spiridonov and Vasili Oshchepkov. Oshchepkov died in prison as a result of the political purges of 1937 after accusations of being a Japanese spy. Oshchepkov spent much of his life living in Japan and training in judo under its founder Kano Jigoro. The two Russians independently developed two different styles which eventually cross-pollinated and became what is known as Sambo. Compared to Oshchepkov's judo-based system, then called "Freestyle Wrestling," Spiridonov's style was softer and less strength dependent. This was in large part due to Spiridonov's injuries sustained during World War I.
Anatoly Kharlampiev, a student of Oshchepkov, is often considered the founder of sport sambo. In 1938, it was recognized as an official sport by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee.
Systema (Система, literally meaning The System) is a Russian martial art. Training includes, but is not limited to: hand-to-hand combat, grappling, knife fighting, and firearms training. Training involves drills and sparring without set kata.
ARB (Russian: Армейский Рукопашный Бой; Armeyskiy Rukopashniy Boy; 'Army Hand-to-Hand Combat') is a Russian martial art of training for protection and attack receptions that incorporated many functional elements from an arsenal of individual hand-to-hand combat and martial arts from around the world, and has been used in real fighting activities.
Gzhel (selo), Moscow Oblast

55°36′N 38°24′E﻿ / ﻿55.600°N 38.400°E﻿ / 55.600; 38.400
Gzhel (Russian: Гжель, IPA: [ɡʐelʲ]) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 52 kilometers (32 mi) southeast from the center of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,006.
It gave its name to Gzhel ceramics as well as the Gzhelian age and stage in the ICS geologic time scale. In a broader sense, the name may also refer to a cluster of rural localities in the vicinity of Gzhel and Rechitsy. An eponymous railway station on the Moscow–Kazan line has been operating since 1912, and a different settlement also named Gzhel is located in the vicinity.
Gzhel stands on the banks of the Gzhelka River, known from the 1451 charter of Sophia of Lithuania, mother of Vasily II of Moscow, as Kzhelya. The year of Gzhel's foundation remains unknown, but it was first reliably documented in the 1784 population audit. Gzhel prospered in the end of 19th century; the 1871 population audit recorded eleven retail shops, fifteen pubs, five inns, and eighty-eight manufacturing shops. Farmland was scarce; most of the population made a living in ceramic trade or worked in Moscow. According to 1878 records, 952 local men and 177 women worked outside of Gzhel, yet the number of workers from other places was over 1,200, evenly balancing the equation. Unhealthy work environments promoted mass tuberculosis among locals and guest workers; in 1909, a privately funded free sanatorium for TB patients was built here.
Cărturești

Cărturești este o companie care deține o rețea de 49 de librării în Arad, Bacău, Baia Mare, București, Brașov, Brăila, Buzău, Cluj-Napoca, Chișinău, Constanța, Craiova, Deva, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Târgoviște, Iași, Oradea, Piatra-Neamț, Pitești, Ploiești, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava,Timișoara, Târgu Jiu, Târgu Mureș, Vaslui și Zalău.
Bazele afacerii Cărturești au fost puse în 2000 de către Nicoleta Dumitru și Șerban Radu, cu o investiție inițială de 15.000 de dolari. În 2008, de Ziua națională a României, împreună cu Institutul Cultural Român au deschis prima librărie românească în New York. Un an mai târziu se concretizează și site-ul oficial carturesti.ro, devenind tot mai popular de la an la an. Pe parcursul a mai bine de 22 de ani au reușit să se extindă în toată țara și în Republica Moldova.
Compania Cărturești a înregistrat de-a lungul timpului o creștere în ceea ce privește cifra de afaceri, astfel că în 2018 a fost de 133,1 milioane de RON, în creștere cu 18% față de anul 2017.
În vara lui 2019 fondatorii companiei au reușit să se extindă și în afara țării, deschizând o librărie în Chișinău, profitând de spațiile spectaculoase din cadrul centrului comercial MallDova. Amenajarea interioară a noului spațiu a fost semnată de Biroul de arhitectură Square One care a realizat și conceptul altor spații Cărturești din Brașov, Cluj-Napoca sau București.
La începutul anului 2020, în contextul Pandemiei de COVID-19, oficialii companiei au decis să închidă pe termen nedefinit majoritatea magazinelor din țară, rămânând în picioare doar siteul oficial pe care încă se puteau face comenzi. Vânzările au scăzut drastic și viitorul librăriilor era sub semnul întrebării. După anunțarea relaxării măsurilor de siguranță în mai 2020, librăriile au început să se redeschidă treptat, respectând măsurile încă în vigoare la acel moment.
Cel mai mare magazin este pe strada Lipscani (din Centrul Bucureștiului), la numărul 55, numit Cărturești Carusel, fiind o construcție neoclasică sau barocă renovată din secolul al XIX-lea. Interiorul are mai multe etaje, toate cu având pereții albi și coloane în ordinul compozit, care sunt de asemenea vopsite complet în alb. Se desfășoară pe 6 etaje cu un spațiu multimedia la subsol, o galerie dedicată artei contemporane la primul etaj și un bistro la ultimul etaj, însumând 1000 mp.
Materiale media legate de Cărturești la Wikimedia Commons
Hoboken Parks Initiative

The Hoboken Parks Initiative is an ongoing plan for the expansion of open space in the US city of Hoboken, New Jersey. David Roberts, the mayor of Hoboken, announced the plan on January 20, 2005. It involves several new parks to be added to Hoboken. Implementation of the plan has, however, met with criticism: as of late 2006, the only park actually being developed is that of Maxwell Place -- the development of the other recreational facilities appears to have been halted. Most of Hoboken's remaining free space has been turned into apartment complexes, not parks.
Maxwell Place: In 2004, the Maxwell factory complex was demolished to make way for an apartment complex. In addition, the waterfront area has been set aside for open space.
Pier C Park: For many years, the plan to rebuild Pier C, a pier that once existed, has been altered. The plan is finally under progress, and set to be open to the public in the summer of 2005. Originally, the pier was supposed to have a floating pool, but now it will instead have a sand volleyball court. There will also be a fishing pier extending from Pier C and a promenade.
Stevens Tech Ice Skating Rink: There is currently a temporary ice skating rink at the eastern end of 5th street, but a plan for a permanent ice skating rink on top of the proposed Steven's Garage has been announced.
Upper West Side Park: On Hoboken's westernmost border, a 4.2 acre (17,000 m) park is planned to be north of the 14th street viaduct, lying adjacent to the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail tracks, containing athletic fields
1600 Park and Hoboken Cove: A 2.4 acre (10,000 m) park is proposed at 16th street in Hoboken, and would have handball courts, basketball courts, and tennis courts (two of each type of court; in all there would be 6.) According to Mayor Roberts, 1600 Park Ave. is planned to be merged with another planned 5-acre (20,000 m) proposed park called Hoboken Cove, which is along Weehawken Cove shore. Funding for this endeavor is partially supported by a grant from The Trust for Public Land.
16th Street Pier: Connected to the 1600 Park Ave. park, this planned pier of 0.75 acres (3,000 m) will extend into Hoboken Cove and have a playground. It will also have an overlook terrace.
Green Belt Walkway: Also known as the Green Circuit, it is set to be on the west side of Hoboken.
Northwest Park: At 12th and Madison.
In addition, a rooftop tennis court and swimming complex are planned. Also, the controversial toddler playground that has now been built in Church Square Park was probably a part of the Parks Initiative.
Tulalip Resort Casino

Tulalip Resort Casino is an Indian casino and resort in Quil Ceda Village, Washington, owned and operated by the Tulalip Tribes of Washington. It opened in 2003 as the Tulalip Casino and features 227,000 square feet (21,100 m) of total space and a parking lot with 5,740 stalls. The resort includes 192,000 square feet (17,800 m) of gaming space, seven restaurants, a spa, and meeting rooms. The outdoor Tulalip Amphitheatre is used for entertainment events.
Construction on the casino began in July 2001 and cost $78 million. The casino opened in June 2003. It replaced an earlier casino that opened in July 1992 and was later renamed to Quil Ceda Creek Casino after a renovation in 2004. A 12-story hotel with 370 rooms was opened on August 15, 2008, shortly after the casino was renamed to the Tulalip Resort Casino; it one of the tallest buildings in Snohomish County. The hotel was renovated in 2015 and was awarded AAA Three Diamond status. The resort is planned to be expanded between 2023 and 2025.
Since 2022, the casino has hosted an annual display of Christmas lights in December and early January. The trees around the casino and adjoining areas are covered in 7.8 million lights and is the largest display of its kind in the state. A temporary ice skating rink and indigenous-owned vendor stalls are also part of the event, which draws an estimated 1,000 to 2,000 daily visitors.
48°05′17″N 122°11′20″W﻿ / ﻿48.08806°N 122.18889°W﻿ / 48.08806; -122.18889
Mihai Eminescu National College (Oradea)

Mihai Eminescu National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național "Mihai Eminescu" Oradea) is a high school located at 18 Episcop Roman Ciorogariu Street, Oradea, Bihor County, Romania. It is named after Mihai Eminescu, the national poet, and is one of the most prestigious schools in Bihor County.
The school was founded as an institution on 2 December 1699. From 1717 the institution worked as a Jesuit school, and from 1874 as a archigymnasium with the language of Latin teaching, gardianshiped by the Order of Canons Premonstratens. At this archigymnasium (in German Obergymnasium) was also the first Chair of Romanian language in Oradea, which was held by teachers: Alexandru Roman, Dionisie Grasscuţiu and Constantin Pavel. Another brilliant professor of the Oradea Archgymnasium was Károly Irén József, who established the telegraphic connection between Oradea and Sânmartin inside the school building. He also brought in Oradea the first Röntgen apparatus and contributed to the project elaboration for the tram line into the city. In the location of this school, functioned for a while the Academy of Law, which enjoyed the presence of famous names among its teachers: Iosif Vulcan, Emanuil Gojdu, Aurel Lazăr, and others. In the interwar period, functioned the Romanian-Hungarian Commercial High School also until 1924 the Faculty of Law. In 1959, through the unification of the Hungarian Classic Mixed High School with "Oltea Doamna" Romanian High School for Girls, was founded the High School of Philology and History which in 1990 it has become the "Mihai Eminescu" Theoretical High School. Since the school year 1999-2000, the school has been named "Mihai Eminescu" National College, a name that, even better, marks the status of a representative school in Bihor County. Throughout the years, the school has been visited by outstanding cultural personalities such as Mircea Zaciu, Augustin Buzura, Eugen Simion, Eugen Uricaru, Ana Blandiana, Nicolae Manolescu. The College also received the visit of Takayuki Ando, Minister of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.
European Square (Kyiv)

European Square (Ukrainian: Європейська площа, romanized: Yevropeiska ploshcha, pronounced [jeu̯rɔˈpɛi̯sʲkɐ ˈpɫɔʃt͡ʃɐ]) is a square located in what is known as the Old Town (Stare Misto) or the Upper Town, in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is also located at the north-eastern end of the Khreschatyk, the city's main thoroughfare. Other streets connected to the square are Tryokhsvyatytelska Street, Volodymyrskyi Descent, and Hrushevsky Street.
In 2013–14 the square was one of the centres of the EuroMaidan protests.
The square was known under at least nine different names during the last two hundred years.
List of streets that connect to the square.
50°27′8″N 30°31′39″E﻿ / ﻿50.45222°N 30.52750°E﻿ / 50.45222; 30.52750
Romania at the 2018 Winter Olympics

Romania competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with 27 competitors in 8 sports.
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Romania qualified two athletes, one male and one female.
Based on their Nations Cup ranking in the 2016–17 Biathlon World Cup, Romania has qualified 5 men.
Based on their rankings in the 2017–18 Bobsleigh World Cup, Romania has qualified 2 sleds.
* – Denotes the driver of each sled
Romania qualified three athletes, two male and one female.
Based on the results from the World Cups during the 2017–18 Luge World Cup season, Romania qualified 4 sleds.
Romania qualified two sleds, one in the male disciplined in one in the female discipline. Both athletes and also previously represented Romania in the Olympic Games.
Energy (組合)

Energy是一个台灣男子團體，於2002年7月12日成立，2009年全員單飛，2024宣布重新復出並簽約相信音樂，團員擅長街舞。團內職務分別為：團長和主領舞暨饒舌牛奶、主唱阿弟、副主唱書偉、創作和饒舌Toro、顏值擔當和饒舌坤達。在Toro及牛奶陸續退團後，於2007年加入舞者唐振剛，團體復出後的成員為最初五位團員。
Energy在2002年7月12日成立時有五位成員，分別是團長暨主領舞與饒舌擔當牛奶、主唱阿弟、副主唱書偉、創作及饒舌擔當Toro、顏值與饒舌擔當坤達。團體發行首張專輯《Come On》，其中收錄的單曲《放手》為代表作。Energy出道一個月後即達成六萬名歌迷連署，於同年8月29日在中正紀念堂舉辦首場大型演唱會，成為第一組剛發行專輯就站上中正紀念堂開演唱會的藝人，創下剛發行首張專輯便完成萬人演唱會的紀錄。有媒體評論認為，Energy「以酷炫形象加上帥氣、充滿力道的舞蹈，在當時的樂壇投下震撼彈」。
2003年3月，他們發行第二張專輯《無懈可擊》，專輯主打歌《多愛我一天》搭配偶像劇《我的祕密花園》播送，迅速在音樂排行榜上有所斬獲；時隔4個月，Energy再發行第三張專輯《E3》，其中的單曲《某年某月某一天》成為KTV熱門點播歌曲。至同年7月，Energy跟經紀人產生合約糾紛，當時人氣最高的團員Toro離團單飛。
2004年，Energy發行《Energy 4ever》新歌加精選專輯，此後團體以四人形式活動。同年，他們開始多元發展，主演為團體量身打造、以街舞為內容主題的偶像劇《米迦勒之舞》，也接下娛樂新聞主持工作，並開始進軍中國大陸。2005年，Energy以團員牛奶、書偉、坤達及阿弟的四人形式，發行專輯《最後的樂園》；阿弟在同年6月的專輯發片記者會上，宣布暫時退團養傷，他表示之前拍攝歌曲《BOOM》的MV時因重摔落地造成腰椎間盤突出，且之後兩年以來舊疾纏身。之後，Energy在同年7月9日前往新加坡舉行演唱會，而同於當月舉行的《最後的樂園演唱會》是原始團員四人最後的同台演出。
至2005年10月，團長牛奶為了專注於舞蹈的夢想，發表宣言：「為了無法言明的原因以及自己的舞蹈事業，決定退團。」，宣布退團。Energy剩下書偉、坤達二名成員，之後阿弟養傷歸隊。阿弟、坤達、書偉以三人團體的狀態在2006年發行專輯《猩人類》，同名主打歌也象徵「團體重生」。2007年6月，Energy加入原為團隊舞蹈老師和專屬舞者的新團員唐振剛（小剛），並由書偉接任團長，ENERGY重新出發，於同年10月推出專輯《天生反骨》，同名主打歌的舞蹈編排挑戰全體倒立等高難度動作。直至2009年，Energy成員為團長書偉、坤達、阿弟、小剛共四人，團員於該年主持完節目之後單飛，未正式宣布解散。此後，團員於演藝圈的不同領域各自發展，書偉、坤達和小剛將演藝事業的重心轉移至戲劇領域，阿弟則轉型為節目通告藝人。
2012年，在Energy成軍10週年時，五位原始團員牛奶、書偉、Toro、坤達與阿弟曾舉行「10年一刻」小型見面會。2017年，團體成軍15週年紀念日時，五名原始成員開直播合體，並獻唱多首經典歌曲。2023年4月2日，在五月天於高雄世運主場館舉辦的「諾亞方舟10週年進化無限放大版演唱會」上，5名原始成員跟五月天合唱經典歌曲〈孫悟空〉、〈放手〉，睽違20年再度在舞台上合體，掀起全場高潮。
2024年1月1日成立官網，加入相信音樂、宣布復出，回歸樂壇。1月18日發行〈放手（復合版）〉，1月27日推出全新單曲〈分合〉，並以「2024超級巨星紅白藝能大賞」作為其首場回歸表演舞台。同年4月發布舞曲風格的主打單曲〈星期五晚上〉，當中的舞蹈動作「16蹲」獲得外界模仿關注；5月2日發行迷你專輯《HERE I AM》，並於7月27、28日於台北小巨蛋舉辦「2024 Energy《一觸即發》台北演唱會」，之後於高雄巨蛋加場演出。
新加坡藝術學院

新加坡藝術學院（英語：School of the Arts, Sinagpore；簡稱：SOTA）是新加坡一所學術地位界於中等教育與高等教育之間的藝術專科學校。SOTA乃由新加坡「資訊、通訊暨藝術部」於2004年所發起、旨於培養具藝術天份並有才能的年輕學子進入藝術界的專科學校。
SOTA的新校區座落於國泰戲院旁（於新加坡城中）。校長為Mrs Rebecca Chew；校址初定為：1 Zubir Said Drive（Zubir Said為新加坡國歌的作曲人）。
創造一個活絡的學習環境，能別出心裁地主導藝術領域；以培養能運用創意天份、為社會添增豐富性的領袖為宗旨；為實驗、表達與發現喝采。
新加坡藝術學院採用一個總共為期6年的課程，以聯結藝術與學術，畢業時頒授「國際文憑」（International Baccalaureate，IB）予畢業生。
根據SOTA校章，學生入學前，將以音樂、舞蹈、戲劇表演、視覺藝術等為入學審核項目。比較特別的，是學生除了入學後將於個別科系中深造；審核時，將同時綜合評估以上4項藝術才能；就學期間，也將在各方面有接觸和學習的機會。
SOTA預定以20至25名學生為限成立一個班級。
杨丽萍

杨丽萍（1958年11月10日—），女，白族，云南洱源人，中国舞蹈艺术家，一级演员，中国舞蹈家协会副主席。1986年创作并表演独舞《雀之灵》，藉此一举成名。1992年成为中国大陆第一位赴台湾表演的舞蹈家，1994年凭借独舞《雀之灵》荣获中华民族20世纪舞蹈经典作品金奖。2003年和2009年她相继编导并主演原生态歌舞《云南映象》、《云南的响声》，大获成功。杨丽萍以“孔雀舞”闻名，其舞蹈风格多源于自然和真实的生活，擅长将舞蹈中原本动态的艺术表现形式转化为静态，被誉为继毛相、刀美兰之后的“中国第二代孔雀王”，是中国大陆第一个举办个人舞蹈晚会的舞蹈家，多年来她出访各国进行艺术交流，相继在菲律宾、新加坡、俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、台湾、日本等国家举行专场舞蹈晚会上千场。
1958年11月10日生于云南省大理白族自治州洱源县茈碧湖镇文强村，父母都是白族，母亲是洱源县上村人。出生时候正赶上大跃进饥荒，生活十分困难。9岁时随家人迁居到西双版纳，文革开始后，出身地主家庭的父亲害怕挨整，扔下妻儿一走了之，身为长女的杨丽萍还有两个妹妹一个弟弟，刚满11岁的她和母亲一起挑起了家庭大梁，外甥女彩旗表示“姨妈一直是支撑整个家庭的人”。1971年进入西双版纳州歌舞团，月工资30元，她在这期间走村串寨，学习了几十个民族的民间舞蹈，主演的大型民族舞剧《孔雀公主》获得云南省1979年表演一等奖。
1980年杨丽萍被中央民族歌舞团选中，来到北京工作，期间在中央民族大学学习。除了学习专业舞蹈知识，她以西双版纳生活和演出的十年阅历，开始自己编舞，1986年她创作并表演了独舞《雀之灵》，荣获第二届中国全国舞蹈比赛创作一等奖、表演第一名，并频频在电视荧屏上展现舞姿，让她一举成名。1988年被《北京日报》评为当年十大新闻人物之一，1989年拍摄了个人电视纪录片《杨丽萍的舞蹈艺术》，1990年在北京亚运会闭幕式上演出《雀之灵》。1992年成为中国大陆第一位赴台湾表演的舞蹈家，1993年在中央电视台春节联欢晚会上她创作表演的双人舞《两棵树》获得观众投票第一名。1994年国务院授予她全国民族团结进步模范称号，独舞《雀之灵》荣获中华民族20世纪舞蹈经典作品金奖。1997年参加日本大阪国际艺术节演出，被大阪国际交流中心授予最高艺术奖，菲律宾国家民间舞蹈协会赠予她为终身会员。1998年再次登上春晚，表演舞蹈《梅》，同年她自编自导自演的自传电影《太阳岛》荣获蒙特利尔国际电影节评委会大奖。
2002年，杨丽萍回到云南采风，萌发了她创作大型原生态歌舞集《云南映象》的念头。为更好的进行筹备，她于2003年成立了云南映象歌舞团并办理了中央民族歌舞团的退休手续，担任了歌舞团的总编导、艺术总监及主舞者，亲自在云南各族农村甄选六十多位能歌善舞的农民演员，以展现最古朴原始的民族舞蹈。为了保证作品的质量和演出的资金运转，杨丽萍卖掉房子，拿出存款，走上一条商业化的艺术之路。其间她在张纪中版《射雕英雄传》中出演梅超风，扮相惊艳，颇受好评。
虽然在创作初期面临资金困难，但通过求助和交涉，《云南映象》项目得到了云南省人民政府的大力支持。2003年8月4日在昆明会堂首次公演后，时任云南省委副书记丹增称：“这才是真正的舞蹈、真正的民族文化、真正的艺术！”政府将《云南映象》当作当年省内重点艺术工程来抓，给予扶持帮助，并提出了“立足云南，走向全国，打入世界”的发展思路。之后在北京的演出也大获成功，在全国各地的巡演持续火爆，并进军国际文化市场，美国公共电视台制作播出了《云南映象——香格里拉传奇》八集纪录片，进入全球最顶尖的PBS品牌系列，此前华裔艺术家只有马友友入选。2009年《云南映象》开始年度世界巡演，尤其在美国辛辛那提做连续两个星期的推广性演出轰动了整个美国，辛辛那提市长特地将演出日命名为“云南映象”日。《云南映象》亦成为了云南省对外宣传的一个窗口，知情人士一致认为“地方政府与杨丽萍各取所需，实现了双赢”。
《云南映象》是中国标志性艺术精品，在中国舞台艺术舞蹈界形成了里程碑式的品牌形象，节目自公演以来，在国内四十八个城市、海外五十多个国家和地区演出，包括日本、美国、巴西、阿根廷等，公演接近三千场，成为中国民族文化，舞台艺术的营运典范，并实现了艺术性和商业性的双丰收。2004年拿下中国舞蹈荷花奖十项大奖中之五项奖项：舞蹈诗金奖、最佳编导奖、最佳女主角奖、最佳服装设计奖、优秀表演（打鼓设计）奖。杨丽萍也与演出商荆林成立了云南映象文化产业发展有限公司进行商业开发，但2008年因“理念不合”她不再跳《云南映象》，公司随之解散。杨丽萍之后重组了《云南映象》的演出和资产，将公司名称变更为云南响声文化传播有限公司，后又更名为云南杨丽萍文化传播有限公司。2012年10月，深圳创新投资集团向杨丽萍公司投资3000万元，完成私募融资并计划上市。
2005年，杨丽萍因其原生态歌舞集《云南映象》为展现云南民族文化做出了杰出艺术贡献获得万宝龙国际艺术赞助大奖。《云南映象》是杨丽萍自编自导的第一部大型原生态舞剧，亦是她舞台生涯的转折点。在这一部舞剧里，她用她所开创的原生态舞蹈将生活搬上舞台，将发生在身边的美放大，成为极富魅力的舞台艺术，亦延续到之后的舞蹈创作中。2007年编导的大型藏族原生态歌舞乐《藏谜》和2009年编导并主演《云南映像》姊妹篇《云南的响声》，都获得成功。2009年11月17日晚，在人民大会堂举行的欢迎美国总统奥巴马访华活动上，表演经典舞蹈《雀之灵》。
2011年1月，杨丽萍入选了《中国国家形象片——人物篇》，与章子怡、周迅、范冰冰、张梓琳等女性领衔“中国美丽”。3月，获凤凰卫视“影响世界华人大奖”提名并于4月2日获得“影响华人盛典2010-2011”文化艺术领域奖。2012年杨丽萍再登央视春晚以舞蹈《雀之恋》完美展现舞蹈诗人的风姿，同年凭借舞剧《孔雀》的完美表演被《中国新闻周刊》评为“年度影响力人物”及读者口碑大奖。舞剧《孔雀》也被认为是杨丽萍舞台生涯的谢幕作品，之后她将退居幕后，从事创作编导和传承艺术的工作。
《雨丝》、《火》、《绿色》、《拉萨河》、《红色诱惑》、《女儿国》、《心之翼》、《荷花度母》、《牛铃铛》、《催生》、《幻觉》、《云南映象》、《藏密》、《云南的响声》、《孔雀》、《孔雀公主》、《雀之灵》、《版纳三色》、《埃及舞》、《珠穆朗玛》
杨丽萍第一任丈夫是中央民族歌舞团的同行，后离婚。现任丈夫刘淳晴，为台湾裔美籍华人，二人于1990年相识，1995年结婚，但杨丽萍要跳舞需长期节食而无法怀孕。
2000年大理市双廊镇玉矶岛村给予杨丽萍一块洱海边的土地用以安家，当地画家赵青为杨丽萍设计了太阳宫，双廊镇亦因杨丽萍的到来而声名在外。此外她还在昆明市开设了一家名为"孔雀窝"的民族工艺品商店，由妹妹负责打理。
诺维娜

诺维娜（Novena）是位于新加坡中部区域的一个邻里市区（英语：List of places in Singapore）。属于市区重建局的诺维娜发展区。位于诺维娜广场下的诺维娜地铁站附近正在迅速发展为新加坡的医疗服务重镇。
诺维娜发展区位于新加坡中部区域，罗尼路（Lornie Road），汤申路（Thomson Road）和惹兰大巴窑（Jalan Toa Payoh）以南，武吉知马路（Bukit Timah Road），杜尼安路（Dunearn Road）以北，中央高速公路（CTE）以西；和亚当路（Adam Road）以东，占地约879 公顷。
该区原称为马里士他，因该地在十九世紀初被美国驻新加坡首任领事约瑟马里士他（英语：Joseph Balestier）买下作甘蔗园。
诺维娜地名原自當地的聖亚丰索天主堂（英语：Novena Church），因该堂对永援圣母的九日敬礼（英语：Novena）（Novena）相當有名——出席人数比望弥撒的还要多，因此该堂又被称做「诺维娜教堂」——九日敬礼教堂；而附近地区亦约定俗成地被称做诺维娜。
诺维娜现有公共交通和居住环境佳，有诺维娜和纽顿两个南北地铁线途经的地铁站；这里没有巴士转换站，最近的巴士转换站在大巴窑。途经的公交巴士线路有：5, 21, 54, 56, 57, 131, 143, 162, 166, 167, 851, 980, NR1.
建在诺维娜地铁站上的购物中心诺维娜广场Velocity是这个地区的商业中心地。这一带医疗机构群集，有陈笃生医院、诺维娜医务中心、国家传染病中心以及被称为“未来医院”的伊丽莎白诺维娜医院等等。 再加上附近专走运动休闲风的诺维娜广场Velocity、新加坡首家哈韩购物中心Square2和儿童教育中心林立的的大华广场，还有一块供发展商投标兴建酒店的地段，使这里成为新加坡独一无二的医疗服务与商业中心。
蔡厝港公共图书馆

蔡厝港公共圖書館 （英語：Choa Chu Kang Public Library）是一所位于蔡厝港规划区新加坡圖書館理局（英语：National Library Board）旗下的公共圖書館。此图书馆位于第一乐广场（英语：Lot_One）里的四楼。1997年图书馆正式开幕，2008年经翻新后重新开幕。
1997年2月蔡厝港公共圖書館正式于第一乐广场（英语：Lot_One）的三楼开幕，时任新加坡卫生部长姚照东主持了开幕典礼。
2008年末圖書館进行为期一个月的翻新，并且搬迁至第一乐广场（英语：Lot One）的四楼。翻新后的图书馆以「大自然」的设计主题重新开放。新图书馆的面积比翻新前大约40%。 图书馆内有个特色展区，展览了古代金典中华文学作品如 《论语》，《千字文》 等。
蔡厝港公共圖書館的設施包括：
附近的交通设施包括
雷姆音樂節大屠殺

2023年10月7日，在哈馬斯襲擊以色列之初，从加沙地带潜入以色列的哈马斯武裝分子對在雷姆基布兹附近参加音乐节的平民發動大屠殺。有364人遭到哈馬斯成員屠殺，多人身受重傷。在2023年10月7日的袭击中，哈马斯和其他巴勒斯坦武装组织共绑架了251名以色列人质。截至2025年1月，已有116名人质获释或被确认死亡。这意味着仍有约135名以色列人质处于哈马斯控制之下。人质的详细下落和状况尚未公开。
这是以色列历史上最大规模的恐怖袭击，是哈马斯「阿克薩洪水行動」的一部分，附近的貝埃里、卡法阿扎等社区也遭到恐怖袭击，引发了2023年以色列—哈马斯战争。
2023年10月6日，名为“超新星苏库特节”（Supernova Sukkot Gathering）的周末户外Trance音乐节在距离加沙—以色列隔离墙约三英里的雷伊姆集体农庄附近的内盖夫西部沙漠举行。 计划与犹太节日西赫托拉节同时举行。据参加者描述，观众大多是来自全国各地的20至40岁的以色列人。音乐节现场有保安人员。《紐約時報》在恐怖袭击发生一天后的报道称，音乐节的入场人数为3,500人。
音乐节是哈马斯武裝分子于2023年10月7日凌晨对以色列发动突然恐怖袭击的首批目标之一。一位与会者告诉英国广播公司，在切断电源后，一群约50名哈马斯成員乘坐箱型车来到现场，向四面八方扫射。當天有270人遭槍殺，或在車内燒死，當中有民眾在試圖逃跑時遭射殺，掉進路邊的溝裏。救援人員發現許多死者是近距離頭部或下巴中彈，顯示哈馬斯成員並非只是打算隨便射殺幾個人，而是要屠殺所有人。
哈马斯綁架了人数不详的参与者；不少视频在社交媒体上流傳。被绑架的音乐会观众可能被带到加沙，以色列驻华大使馆在社交平台微博表示，其中一人为在以色列出生的25岁以中混血女子诺亚·阿伽玛尼（Noa Argamani），视频还显示诺亚·阿伽玛尼的男朋友也被哈马斯绑架。但后来诺亚的母亲证实诺亚出生在以色列而非北京。诺亚的母亲還呼吁中国政府協助救人。另外德以双重国籍的莎妮·尼科尔·盧克（Shani Nicole Louk）被打得遍体鳞伤後被放在一辆皮卡车后座上游街示众；影片显示，哈馬斯武裝分子们高呼“真主至大”，其中一人将腿搭在她的腰上，另一人抓住她的头发，人群中一名男子向她吐口水。莎妮·盧克的母亲其後表示女兒目前还活着，被关押在加沙地区，头部受重伤，已經被哈馬斯武裝分子送到加沙医院里，但加沙因为以色列封锁药品短缺，因此请求德国政府協助救人。後發現莎妮·盧克早於10月7日當天就遭到哈馬斯武裝分子殺害。
根据《国土报》记者Josh Breiner表示，警方调查称，在蕾姆音乐节上，一架向哈马斯武装分子开火的以色列国防军直升机 "显然也击中了一些音乐节的参与者"。以色列警方否认了《国土报》的说辞 并说他们没有发现任何证据表明，以军在该地点的空中活动对平民造成了伤害。
哈马斯起初否认发生过屠杀平民的事件。后来，哈马斯声称，哈马斯下属部队从未以平民为目标，但屠杀可能是在哈马斯击败该地区的以色列部队后，由加沙平民组成的独立团体实施的。
针对这次屠杀以及阿克萨洪水行动中的其他屠杀和袭击，以色列正式向哈马斯宣战，并开始了铁剑行动。
11月19日，巴勒斯坦民族权力机构（巴权力机构）在一份发给世界各地外交部和联合国的声明中否认哈马斯进行了大屠杀。巴权力机构声称，以色列直升机在 "汉尼拔指令"启动后轰炸了平民，但以色列声称该指令已于2016年被取消。巴权力机构随后撤回了这一说法，并告诉美国国家安全委员会这不是其官方立场。
2023年11月28日，包括Skazi在内的五名以色列DJ在音乐节现场举行的纪念活动中表演了节目。
梁文福

梁文福（1964年—），生於新加坡，祖籍廣東新會，作家、音樂家、華文教研工作者。南洋理工大學中文系兼任副教授、學而優語文中心語文總監。 「他在文學界和音樂界之間搭建橋梁。」這是新加坡著名的戲劇前輩郭寶崑（英语：Kuo Pao Kun）曾經給予梁文福的評語。
畢業於公教中學、華中初級學院後，1988年以中文系第一名和文學院第一名考獲新加坡國立大學普通學位，1989年獲榮譽學位，同年獲研究獎學金，1992年獲文學碩士，1994年獲研究獎學金於南洋理工大學中國文化與語文系攻讀博士學位，1999年獲哲學博士學位（中文文學）。
张大力 (艺术家)

张大力（1963年—），黑龙江人，现居住于北京，中华人民共和国现代涂鸦艺术家。
他在中央工艺美术学院受训，1987年毕业。毕业后，学习结束后，他以自由艺术家的身份搬到圆明园（1987-1989），并开始在独立展览中展示他的作品。他在意大利度过了1990-1995年，在那里他接触到了涂鸦艺术。他是整个20世纪90年代北京唯一的涂鸦艺术家。他的作品融合了绘画、雕塑、摄影和装置等多种技术。在他40年的职业生涯中，他的作品在全世界300多个展览中展出。
从1995年到1998年，他在北京各地的建筑物上由城市当局所画意为准备拆除的“拆”字旁喷涂了2000多个自己秃顶的巨大轮廓。这些图像的出现成为1998北京媒体辩论的主题。
在包括纽约现代艺术博物馆（MoMA）、纽约城的国际摄影中心、法兰西的阿尔节比赛（2010年）、上海的18画廊、巴黎的马格达·达尼斯画廊（英语：Magda Danysz Gallery）、北京的四合院画廊、伦敦的当代艺术学院、奥斯陆的艺术家的房子（英语：Kunstnernes Hus）、2006年韩国的光州双年展（英语：Gwangju Biennale）和北京的北京美术的很多展览上，他都已经国际性地展示了作品。他是北京的北京美术、亚特兰大的Kiang画廊、纽约城的Klein Sun画廊和东京的基地画廊的代表。
近年来，他的作品在大型回顾展上展出，如在2015年武汉联合艺术博物馆 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2021-12-02.的《从现实到极端现实》、2017年海牙的贝尔登·安·泽博物馆的《身体和灵魂》、2018年博洛尼亚的法瓦宫的《变形》。
这些红、黑、白三色的画作是用油画颜料完成的，这是西方艺术的典型，但在垂直的纸上，尺寸和形状是中国传统卷轴画的典型。主题是具象的，可以识别出精确的元素，但同时又不现实。它似乎代表着一个梦想，一种精神渴望，一种自然世界与人类世界的和谐。清晰的线条和颜色的选择是指平面艺术，这也是张大力在该学院课程的重要组成部分。
这一系列的纸上油画代表了张大力大学的最后几年（1986-1987），以及他在东西方艺术之间寻找交感的过程。张大力已经决定要成为一名“当代艺术家”，而不是一名中国传统绘画艺术家。他在北京中央美术学院接受的教育包括对欧洲和中国古典艺术的研究，以及对二十世纪最有影响力的西方艺术运动的研究，从包豪斯到波普艺术。
张大力与涂鸦的接触最早发生在欧洲。1989年至1995年，当他住在博洛尼亚时，涂鸦艺术作为艺术家与城市景观中移动的人们之间的对话方式呈现出来。他的第一幅涂鸦画在博洛尼亚和其他欧洲城市：维也纳，卢布尔雅那，柏林。1995年回到中国后，他目睹了拆除旧胡同和社区、强迫居民搬迁以及说服公民相信“现代化”是好的和必要的宣传。然后，他开始在夜间在街上闲逛，骑着自行车，拿着喷雾罐，在墙上留下一个头部轮廓和他标志性的AK-47和18K。
在一个将持续十年的项目中，张大力不仅与城市居民建立了对话，还就现代化的合法性、历史文化遗产的成本以及身心痛苦的代价提出了问题。他的涂鸦是城市现代化的意义、模式和结局的公众辩论中的一场大火。通过涂鸦，张大力在中国乃至全世界成为了知名的知识分子。
AK-47是米哈伊尔·卡拉什尼科夫设计的一种自动步枪的名字，AK（Avtomat Kalashnikova）的缩写源于他的名字，1947年在苏联首次生产。在世界各地，AK-47这个名字已经成为战争、叛乱和帮派犯罪的象征。张大力在90年代开始在他的涂鸦中使用这个标签，作为快速城市化进程中渗透的暴力的同义词。
从2000年开始，他开始创作一系列以“AK-47”色度对比为基础的肖像画。这些画是乙烯基丙烯酸树脂的，乙烯基是一种广泛用于广告牌的材料，在那个些年，这一特征已成为北京城市景观的一个组成部分。这些面孔是从张大力在一堆废弃的摄影棚档案中发现的肖像照片复制而来的，这些照片在跳蚤市场大量出售。首字母缩略词不是画在脸上的，而是用来描绘脸本身：暴力不是“针对”人的，它正是构成人的材料，不是一层可洗的涂层，而是他们存在的组成部分和连接组织。
这是从汉字的重复和色差对比中产生的一系列肖像，类似于“AK-47”，但现在属于口号。在2008年北京奥运会的前一年，首都被巨大的横幅和政府宣传口号牌所入侵。尽管这一特征一直是中国城乡景观的一部分，以至于路人的眼睛看不见，但在2008年，它们的存在如此普遍，让张大力思考它们的意义和植入人们头脑中的微妙信息。
张大力将人体作为一个时代的集体藏品，在这一系列雕塑中继续进行研究，这些雕塑由农民工用玻璃纤维铸造而成。从2004年到2010年，他复刻了进城务工农民的身体；它们成为城市化历史上一个特定时期的文件，也成为一次比例难以想象的移民。从第一次展览开始，这些雕塑就被倒挂起来，以表达这些人对自己生活缺乏控制。“中国子孙”这个名字要求我们反思一个失去了过去智者和英雄价值观的民族的现状，一个沦为亚人类状态的民族，一个他们无法控制的机器上的齿轮，缺乏理想，没有超越日常生活的目标。
《第二次历史》是在2004年至2011年的七年时间里创造的。张大立提出了关于新技术对视觉大众文化的影响以及作为一种行使权力的形式的问题。在对图像处理历史的研究中，他收集了20世纪50年代至80年代的数千本插图书籍、杂志和报纸。他查阅了一些最知名的国家出版社的档案，在那里他比较了当年出版的负面电影和图片。
这项工作由张大力经过七年的研究和编目后创建的档案组成。它由133块面板组成，每一块都比较不同操作和/或原始底片发布的图像。图像处理诞生于摄影本身。世界各地的图像被操纵，在中国这样的做法自人民共和国以来特别普及，并暴露在这项工作中的政治和美学意义。
蓝晒法是一种照相术，一种不用相机拍摄的照片。它由约翰·赫歇尔于1842年发明，并很快被放弃，转而采用其他更复杂的摄影技术。蓝晒法的特点吸引了张大力，原因有二：它不能被改变或操纵；它在特定的瞬间捕捉图像，无法复制。物体和它的影子构成了一对内在的束缚，而且只在一个精确的瞬间。张大力已经对大尺寸的蓝晒法类型进行了实验，实验对象包括自然景观、植被和人体。这是艺术家仍在扩展和结合其他材料的技术之一。
2015年和2016年创作的这些白色大理石雕塑（“汉白玉”）代表了一个新阶段，研究和阐述了人体作为社会及其主导意识形态代表的相关性。在公众面前，普通人、外来务工者的身体是由大理石制成的古典雕像，这种材料与过去的神灵和英雄有关。
在这种新的形式中，他们从无常到永恒，同时脱离了无知和痛苦的日常现实。张大力捕捉到了每个人生命中呈现的永恒火花。它不是授予皇室和贵族的封地，崇高存在于每个人身上，并将身体变成纪念碑。
2019
驚輸

驚輸（闽南语：[kiaⁿ-su] 错误：{{Lang}}：语言标签：zh-poj 无法识别（帮助），英语：Kiasu），源自闽南话，意思是「怕输」，怕事事都落后于人。後來在新加坡衍伸許多用法，也被认为是新加坡的国民迷思（national fixation）之一。
驚輸（kiasu）源自閩南語，字面上的意思就是「怕輸」。在同樣使用閩南語的臺灣，「驚輸」就是「怕輸」，並無特別的意思，教育部《臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典》亦未收錄此字。
但在新加坡、馬來西亞的福建話中，此字衍伸為表示害怕失去或表示吝啬、自私（的态度），常被用来形容害怕没有拿到最好的、害怕失败的人，或常被用来指在每一次交易中总想占大头、占每一次竞争中都想占先的渴望，其中暗含了对其贪婪、自私、粗鲁等的影射。
这个词语在新加坡很常用，并由新加坡式英語使用者引入英语当中，常用于形容那些由于害怕错失或者失去而引起的焦虑而自私的行为。该词的英文Kiasu见诸正式场合最早追溯到1990年新加坡的议会文件，原句是在讲希望政府不要患上其呼吁大家反对的驚輸综合症（Kiasu Syndrome）。常被一同提及的类似词语还有驚死（英语：kiasi）（害怕死）。
驚輸心理既有正面作用也有负面作用。有些人说这一心理使得一切都保持在较高水平上，但也有人说这种心理会导致社会残酷无情。
以下行为被认为归因于这一心理：
此外，这种心理使得人们倾向于避免一切风险，这反映在不少新加坡的初创企业身上。
在新加坡，「驚輸先生」（Mr. Kiasu）是一名知名的漫画人物，出现在新加坡街头和政府宣传品中。其凡事争第一、贪便宜的性格被认为反映了新加坡人的生活侧面，并被认为暗含了新加坡对冒险与开拓精神的缺乏所造成的被动。尽管驚輸原来有贬义内涵，但却被部分新加坡人引以为傲。但也有人认为，驚輸先生扭曲了新加坡人的形象。新加坡有专门的家长网站，名为KiasuParents（意即驚輸家长）。网站供16岁以下儿童或青少年的家长交流与合作。驚輸文化被认为促进了新加坡的教育，强化了其高等教育竞争力。1993年，新加坡为去除“Kiasuland（驚輸之地）”这一称号，将这一年新加坡國家礼貌運動（英语：National Courtesy Campaign (Singapore)）的主题定为“如果我们有时只能看到我们自己（If we could only see ourselves sometimes）”。
新加坡歌手陈奂仁在2017年发行的专辑《差不多人生》中就有歌曲名为《驚輸》。
2014年，香港占领中环活动失败后，该词被律師任建峰所使用，其在苹果日报上发文指出，香港人不必嘲笑新加坡人的驚輸，持有普世价值就不怕输。
Sun Tsui-feng

Sun Tsui-feng (Chinese: 孫翠鳳; born 19 December 1958) is a Taiwanese opera performer and one of the most renowned stage actresses in Taiwan. Despite entering this profession at 26 years old — much later than other traditional opera artists — and growing up in a Mandarin-speaking rather than a Taiwanese Hokkien-speaking household, Sun overcame layers of difficulty and emerged as a leading sheng (male) role impersonator for the Ming Hwa Yuan opera troupe in the 1980s. She has also starred in a large number of non-musical films and TV series, including the 2006 TV series The Grandmaster's Daughter (祖師爺的女兒) which is based on her 2000 autobiography.
Wang Weiliang

Wang Weiliang (born 11 October 1987) is a Singaporean comedian, host, actor, singer and businessman. A getai performer-turned-actor, Wang grew prominence with the box-office successes of the Ah Boys to Men film series by director Jack Neo.
At 14, he dropped out of Montfort Secondary School to help with his family's household expenditure. A former teen gangster, his previous jobs included pasar malam hawker and alarm clock salesman.
He served national service as a storeman in 4 SIR (4th Battalion, Singapore Infantry Regiment).
Wang said the main reason he is in the showbiz is because of his mother. He said: "My mother is like my girlfriend. We are very close. I'm still standing on stage today because of the pride I see on her face. I relish it. I fell wayward for 10 years, and she took care of me all those 10 years. I told myself I would never break her heart again because, no matter what I'd done wrong in the past, my mother would still say, 'you are still my son.'"
Speaking predominantly in Hokkien and Mandarin, Wang debuted as a getai singer in 2009 before trying his hand as a getai host in 2011, after local veteran getai performer and mentor Wang Lei gave him a stage costume.
In 2012, he was picked to star in Ah Boys to Men as the street smart Bang "Lobang" Lee Onn by director Jack Neo, and has gained popularity and fame due to its success. He also starred in and sang the original soundtrack "牵着我" for The Lion Men (2014), another Singaporean action movie also directed by Jack Neo.
In 2014, he received rave reviews for reprising his role as the street-smart recruit Bang "Lobang" Lee Onn in Ah Boys to Men: The Musical.
In May 2023, Wang opened a music school named Seed Music at Pearl Hill.
2025 ASEAN Women's Championship

The 2025 ASEAN Women's Championship (officially the ASEAN MSIG Serenity Cup 2025 due to sponsorship reasons) is the 13th edition of the ASEAN Women's Championship (previously known as the AFF Women's Championship), an international women's football tournament organised by the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). This also marks the first time a qualification tournament, the 2024 AFF Women's Cup, was held before the championships.
The top five teams from the 2022 AFF Women's Championship automatically qualified for the 2025 edition. Indonesia, Cambodia, and Singapore, the top three teams of the 2024 AFF Women's Cup held in Laos also qualified.
Stefanie Sun

Stefanie Sun Yanzi (born Sng Ee Tze on 23 July 1978) is a Singaporean singer and songwriter. In 2000, she released her debut album, Yan Zi, which won her a Golden Melody Award for Best New Artist. In 2004, she released her eighth studio album, Stefanie, which won her another Golden Melody Award for Best Mandarin Female Singer. Having sold more than 30 million records, she achieved popularity in Greater China, recognized more among the Chinese-speaking world.
Sun was born in Singapore on 23 July 1978. She attended Nanyang Primary School, St. Margaret's Secondary School, Raffles Girls' School, Saint Andrew's Junior College, and Nanyang Technological University, where she obtained a bachelor's degree of Marketing in 2000.
During university, Sun wrote her first song titled "Someone", which later appeared on her 2002 album, Start. She attended LWS School of Music, and her vocal talent was discovered by her mentor Paul Lee, who later introduced her to Samuel Chou, the chairman of Warner Music Taiwan at the time.
In 2002, Hong Kong–based Yazhou Zhoukan, published a 15-page article on the "Stefanie Sun phenomenon", citing the impact of her music all throughout Asia.
Sun was selected to sing the English and Mandarin versions of the Singapore National Day Parade theme songs in 2002 – "We Will Get There" (一起走到) and in 2003 – "One United People" (全心全意).
In 2006, National Parks Board of Singapore named an orchid, Dendrobium Stefanie Sun, after her. Sun also has a wax figure of herself at the Madame Tussauds Singapore wax museum which portrays her signature look during her 2014 Kepler World Tour. The wax figure took around four months to make, costing 300,000 Singaporean dollars.
Stefanie Sun revealed that her proudest moments as a singer was when she sang Kwa Geok Choo’s favorite song. Kwa was the wife of Singapore's former prime minister. She also sang Lee Kuan Yew’s favorite, entitled "Que Sera Sera", at the Business China Awards in 2011, not long after her demise. The song had moved Mr Lee, a person whom Sun had the highest respect for, to tears.
In early January 2020, she collaborated with Taiwanese band, Mayday, to release the new version of their 2000 hit "Tenderness".
On 27 May 2022, more than 240 million people watched Sun performed in a one hour virtual concert streamed on Douyin.
In May 2011, Sun married Nadim van der Ros, who is of a Eurasian Indonesian descent. He is the founder of Be An Idea, a part of The Good Bean Consultancy. They had secretly registered their marriage in March 2011. In October 2012, Sun gave birth to her son, followed by a daughter in July 2018.
Studio albums