davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Gwernenez

Gwernenez zo un enez e Mor Breizh. An eil enez vrasañ en Inizi Angl-ha-Normand eo.
Bailliage dé Guernési e gwernenezeg, Bailiwick of Guernsey e saozneg, Baillage de Guernesey e galleg, gant enez Gwernenez, Aldernez ha Sark, pep a barlamant ganto (an daeloù-se a vez graet Ar Stadoù anezho) hag enezigoù (Herm, Jétho ha Lihou), e dalc'h Kurunenn Breizh-Veur hep bezañ lod er Rouantelezh-Unanet, ha n'emañ ket en Unaniezh Europa kennebeut.
An normaneg eo ar yezh anevezet adalek ar Grennamzer, daoust ma'z eo distag an enezeg diouzh Dugelezh Normandi abaoe ar bloaz 1204. "Gwernenezeg" (Guernesiais) a vez graet eus ar stumm lec'hel. Nebeut a dud a c'hell komz anezhi hiziv. Ar saozneg eo ar yezh ofisiel hag an hini anavezetañ.
Evel Jerzenez e oa lod eus Rouantelezh Breizh en IX kantved, ha preizhet e voe gant ar Vikinged ivez.
Goude distruj he chaoser bras ha pa ne voe ket beliezh Aldernez gouest kavout arc'hant evit e adober e tivizas pennoù-bras an iliz goulenn ma voe staget ouzh beliezh Gwernenez, betek ma vefe posubl mont da vezañ emren en-dro.
Kantikoù brezhonek

War-lerc'h misionerien vrudet ar XVII kantved, Mikael an Nobletz ha Tad Maner, eo bet dalc'het ar c'hiz da zevel kantikoù brezhonek, evit lakaat war gan ar gelennadurez diwar-benn gwirionezioù ar feiz, ha meuleudioù en enor da Zoue ha d'ar Sent.
En deiz a hiziv, bez ez eus kantikoù nevez e brezhoneg, savet gant Job Seite, Visant Seite, Roger Abjean, Job an Irien ha Michel Scouarnec.
Mikael an Nobletz, Tad Maner,
Charlez ar Brizh, Alan Dumoulin, Pierre Noury, Louis Pourchasse,
Pier an Arbouled, Joachim Guillôme, Yann-Vari Gwilhoù, Yann-Wilhoù Herri, Corentin Marie Le Guillou, Claude Guitterel, Pierre Le Mouël, Yann Vadezour Olieroù,
Loeiz Abyann, Augustin Konk (Potr Treoure), Yann-Loeiz Rozeg, Stefan ar Strad, Tad Barnabe,
Roger Abjean, Biel Elies, Job an Irien, Mikael Skouarneg, Job Seite, Visant Seite,
C'hoarioù Olimpek an Henamzer

C'hoarioù Olimpek an Henamzer (henc'hresianeg τὰ Ὀλύμπια, ta Olympia; Ὀλυμπιακοὶ Ἀγῶνες (Katharevousa), Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες (Dimotiki) Olympiakoi Agones) a oa un heuliad kentstrivadegoù atletek dalc'het en enor da Zeus gant kannaded eus keodedoù Henc'hres. Orin resis ar c'hoarioù olimpek zo displeget gant mojennoù hepken met ar rolloù a ziskouez e krogjont e 776 kent J-K. en Olimpia en Henc'hres. Lidet e voent betek 393 eus hon oadvezh ma voent diframmet gant an impalaer Teodosius Iañ e-doug ar c'houlzad renet da ober ur relijion-Stad eus ar Gristeniezh. Dalc'het e veze ar c'hoarioù bep pevar bloaz, pe olimpiadenn, evel ma teuas an unanenn amzer-mañ da vezañ anavet. Pa veze lidet ar c'hoarioù e veze un dreverzh olimpek evit ma c'hallfe an atleted beajiñ eus o c'heoded betek Olimpia e surentez. Ar prizioù roet d'an drec'herien a oa kurunoù delioù lore.
Dont a reas ar c'hoarioù olimpel da vezañ ur benveg politikel implijet gant ar c'heodedoù da ziskouez e oant galloudekoc'h evit o enebourien. Embannet e veze ar c'hevredadoù politikel eno gant ar bolitikourien, ha pa veze brezel e veze profet aberzhioù d'an doueed evit an trec'h. Ar c'hoarioù olimpek a oa a-bouez ivez abalamour ma veze dalc'het lidoù relijiel en o c'herzh. Kenstrivadegoù arz a veze ivez. Un delwenn vras eus Zeus, unan eus Seizh Marzh ar Bed a oa bet savet en Olimpia en enor d'an doue a oa lidet ar c'hoarioù en e enor. En em vodañ a rae ar gizellerien hag ar varzhed bep olimpiadenn da ziskouez o oberennoù arz.
Disheñvel e oa ar c'hoarioù olimpek en Henamzer diouzh re bremañ. Nebeutoc'h a genstrivadegoù a oa, ha ne oa nemet an dud dieub hag a oa gresianegerien a c'halle kemer perzh (daoust ma oa meneget ur vaouez Bilistic'he da vezañ trec'het en ur genstrivadeg). Keit ha ma toujent d'an dezverkoù-se e c'halle atleted eus forzh peseurt bro pe keoded kemer perzh. Dalc'het e veze atav ar c'hoarioù en Olimpia kentoc'h evit cheñch lec'h evel ma'z eo hengoun ar c'hoarioù olimpek hiziv an deiz. Koulskoude e veze enoret ha priziet holl an atleted a oa aet ar maout gante evel er C'hoarioù olimpek a-vremañ. Brudet e veze ar c'hurioù o doa kaset da benn dre holl hag enrollet e vezent er bloazdanevelloù d'ar rummadoù da zont da vezañ gouest da dañva o ferzhioù mat.
Ar roue Oenamos a oa bet skoet e-barzh ur redadeg gant Pelops. Pelops a lidas e drec'h en ur ober ar c'hoarioù Olimpek.
E 776 a-raok Jezuz-Krist an hini e krogas ar C'hoarioù Olimpek. Arsav brezel a oa etre ar c'heodedoù evit ma c'hellfent dizaon mont da Olimpia da genstrivañ.
Meur a sport a veze pleustret:
Bremañ avat eo lies-mat ar sportoù a vez c'hoariet e-kerz ar c'hoarioù-se ur spered a beoc'h, ar mennad da chom a-sav gant ar brezel.
Breton lai

A Breton lai, also known as a narrative lay or simply a lay, is a form of medieval French and English romance literature. Lais are short (typically 600–1000 lines), rhymed tales of love and chivalry, often involving supernatural and fairy-world Celtic motifs. The word "lay" or "lai" is thought to be derived from the Old High German and/or Old Middle German leich, which means play, melody, or song, or as suggested by Jack Zipes in The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales, the Irish word laid (song).
Zipes writes that Arthurian legends may have been brought from Wales, Cornwall and Ireland to Brittany; on the continent the songs were performed in various places by harpists, minstrels, storytellers. Zipes reports the earliest recorded lay is Robert Biker's Lai du Cor, dating to the mid- to late-12th century.
The earliest of the Breton lais to survive is probably The Lais of Marie de France, thought to have been composed in the 1170s by Marie de France, a French poet writing in England at Henry II's court between the late 12th and early 13th centuries. From descriptions in Marie's lais, and in several anonymous Old French lais of the 13th century, we know of earlier lais of Celtic origin, perhaps more lyrical in style, sung by Breton minstrels. It is believed that these Breton lyrical lais, none of which has survived, were introduced by a summary narrative setting the scene for a song, and that these summaries became the basis for the narrative lais.
The earliest written Breton lais were composed in a variety of Old French dialects, and some half dozen lais are known to have been composed in Middle English in the 13th and 14th centuries by various English authors.
Breton lais may have inspired Chrétien de Troyes, and likely were responsible for spreading Celtic and fairy-lore into Continental Europe. An example of a 14th-century Breton lai has the king of the fairies carrying away a wife to the land of fairy.
César Mendoza

General César Leonidas Mendoza Durán (September 11, 1918 – September 13, 1996) was a member of the Government Junta which ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, representing the country-wide police force, the Carabineros de Chile.
Mendoza was born in Santiago, the youngest of the eleven children of Atilio Mendoza Valdebenito, a science teacher and first mayor of La Cisterna, and Amalia Durán, a pianist. In 1938, young César Mendoza began his compulsory military service. In 1940, he matriculated at the Carabineros' School, from which he graduated as a second lieutenant the following year. Mendoza worked in different cities during his police career, starting in 1942 as a lieutenant at Molina, Talca, and the Carabineros' School. He was promoted to captain in 1953, to major in 1959, to lieutenant colonel in 1965, to colonel in 1968, to general in 1970, and to general inspector in 1972. On 10 September 1973 Mendoza was the eighth in rank in the Chilean Police Corps, a professional military body which could have stood up to the army in defense of the Allende government. He agreed to join the coup leaders who promoted him to General Director. In this position, he eventually formed part of the Government Junta that came into power in the September 11 1973 coup d'état (which coincidentally happened on Mendoza's birthday). Of the four members of the Junta (who represented the Chilean Army, Air Force, Navy and Carabineros or National Police), Mendoza was widely considered the one who held the least amount of power and influence, even being derisively referred to as Mendocita.
Mendoza served in the Government Junta until August 2, 1985, where the public outcry from Caso Degollados led to his forced resignation. He was replaced by Rodolfo Stange Oelckers.
A noted horseman, Mendoza won a silver medal in the XV Olympic Games of 1952 at Helsinki as a member of the show jumping team in the equestrian event.
Marlene Ahrens

Marlene Ahrens Ostertag-Ebensperger (July 27, 1933 – June 17, 2020) was a Chilean athlete. She won the silver medal in Javelin throw at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne with a distance of 50.38 metres. She was the mother of journalist Karin Ebensperger.
Ahrens was born in Concepción, Chile, the daughter of German immigrants. In Melbourne, she was the Chilean flag bearer, and the only woman on the Olympic team. She participated in the Javelin throw, winning the silver medal with a distance of 50.38 metres. In doing so, she became the first Chilean woman to win an Olympic medal. She won gold in both 1959 Pan American Games, held in Chicago, and 1963 Pan American Games held in São Paulo. Also, she again was the flag bearer in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, although she did not win a medal. Ahrens was forced to retire after having a dispute with the Chilean newspaper Clarín, and she was banned from competing in the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
After athletics she began to play tennis and in 1967, won the Chilean national tournament in mixed doubles with Omar Pabst. Soon after that, she injured her knee and dedicated her life to Equestrianism. She competed in the 1995 Pan American Games in Mar del Plata. She retired from horse riding in 2012, at 79 years old.
She married Jorge Roberto Ebensperger Grassau, a hockey player and another descendant of German settlers; they gave birth to 2 children: Karin Ebensperger and Roberto Ebensperger. She is the grandmother of Marlén Eguiguren, also a journalist like her mother Karin.
On the night of June 17, 2020, Ahrens died of heart failure in Santiago de Chile at the age of 86.
2027 Special Olympics World Summer Games

The 2027 Special Olympics World Summer Games, officially known as the XVII Special Olympic World Games or the Special Olympics World Games Santiago 2027 (Spanish: Juegos Mundiales de Verano de Olimpiadas Especiales 2027), will be 17th summer Special Olympics from 19 to 31 October 2027. Scheduled to be held in Santiago, Chile, will be the first time in the organization’s 55-year history that a World Games will take place in the Southern Hemisphere. It will also be the first World Games in Latin America, and in a Spanish-speaking country.
Chilote poncho

A Poncho chilote is type of woolen poncho originating from southern Chile and usually associated with Chiloé Archipelago. The Poncho chilote is of simple design, most often it features stripes of white (uncoloured), grey and brown colours. The wool used is of medium to coarse yarn of raw wool. In early colonial and pre-Hispanic times the wool of chilihueques was used instead to that of sheep. While more heavy than ponchos used in central Chile and the Pampas the Poncho chilote is warmer and maintain its warmth even if it gets wet.
According to the 18th century navigator Alessandro Malaspina in Chiloé an ordinary poncho took 2 months to manufacture while a super-fine quality poncho took six or twelve months to finish.
Chamanto

A chamanto (Mapudungun chamall, woolen fabric) is a traditional decorative garment from central Chile, similar to a poncho and woven in silk thread and wool. Its entire contour is finished with ribbon edging. Traditionally, Chilean festive ponchos incorporate colors such as grey, brown, red, black, and white. The difference between a chamanto and other ponchos is their reversibility, as both sides — one light, one dark — are fully finished. Traditionally, the dark side of the poncho is used during the day, while its light side is mostly worn at night.
The chamantos gained world attention when they were worn by the 21 leaders of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation during the 2004 summit's official photo.
The making of a chamanto demands great diligence, because of the exquisiteness involved in the weaving of the silk and wool, plus the intricacy of the design sketched by crossing the threads.
The figures embellishing the chamantos include copihues, Chile's national flower, barley and wheat ears, blackberries, bunches of grape, fuchsias, pansies and various birds representative of the national fauna.
Poncho Sanchez

Poncho Sánchez (born Ildefonso Sanchez, October 30, 1951) is an American conguero (conga player), Latin jazz band leader, and salsa singer. In 2000, he and his ensemble won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz Album for their work on the Concord Picante album Latin Soul. Sanchez has performed with artists including Cal Tjader, Mongo Santamaría, Hugh Masekela, Clare Fischer, and Tower of Power.
The youngest of eleven children, Poncho Sanchez was born in Laredo, Texas and reared in Norwalk, California, while he attended Cerritos College. Growing up, he was exposed to and influenced by two different styles of music: Afro-Cuban music (mambo, son, cha-cha, rumba, guaracha, and Changui) by Tito Puente and others, and bebop jazz, including the works of Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker.
Originally a guitarist, he discovered his talent for singing during an audition for the R&B band The Halos that rehearsed across the street from his residence. Sanchez became the lead vocalist of The Halos, and would go on to teach himself the flute, the drums, and timbales before finally deciding in high school to pursue conga drumming above all.
Sanchez has released dozens of LP and CD albums.
In 1975, Sanchez's idol, vibraphonist Cal Tjader, invited him to perform a set with his band. Seeing the young man's talent, Tjader hired Sanchez for a week before officially making him a full member of the ensemble. Sanchez played a crucial role as conguero for several years until Tjader's death in 1982.
Before he died, Tjader suggested that Concord Records founder Carl Jefferson sign Sanchez and his soon-to-be-formed group under the Concord Picante label. Tjader's wishes were honored, and the first two records were composed and arranged by long-time Tjader collaborator Clare Fischer. Sanchez went on to produce 19 albums for the label, eventually garnering a Grammy for his work.
AllMusic described Sanchez as "among the most influential percussionists in jazz." He has been performing frequently in venues varying in size from concert halls to local jazz festivals. His 2005 CD, Do It!, features the funk band Tower of Power on two tracks, as well as South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela.
Sanchez is a frequent collaborator with bandleader José Rizo. He played conga on the Grammy-nominated album Mongorama produced by Rizo.
Sanchez was featured on Ilya Serov's single "Tangerine", released on January 9, 2018.
With Benny Golson
With Woody Herman
With Art Pepper
With Cal Tjader
With Ilya Serov
Álbuns mais vendidos nos Estados Unidos

Esta é uma lista dos álbuns mais vendidos nos Estados Unidos com base nas certificações emitidas pela Recording Industry Association of America - RIAA desde 1952 até nos dias de hoje. Os critérios estabelecidos pela associação são os melhores álbuns da história do país o qual começam com vendas mínimas de 5 milhões de cópias. Nessa página os títulos estão separados em cada seção cujo primeiro é de 20 a 29 milhões e o último está entre 5 e 6 milhões. Esta lista contém qualquer tipo de álbum incluindo os de estúdios, greatest hits, compilação, ao vivo, vários artistas, trilhas sonoras e discos de remixes.
Na primeira posição aparece o grupo Eagles com o disco Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975), lançado em 1976, com mais de 38 milhões de exemplares. Com 33 milhões de unidades, ocupa a segunda colocação o cantor Michael Jackson com seu álbum Thriller, este lançado em 1982. Em terceiro no ranking está a banda Led Zeppelin com o álbum Led Zeppelin IV com 23 milhões de cópias comercializadas nos EUA. E a quarta posição é do Pink Floyd e seu disco The Wall com os mesmos 23 milhões.
Chrishell Stause

Terrina Chrishell Stause (nascida a 21 de julho de 1981) é uma actriz e corretora imobiliária americana. Ela é conhecida pelo seu papel no reality show da Netflix Selling Sunset, juntamente com papéis anteriores na televisão como Amanda Dillon em All My Children e Jordan Ridgeway em Days of Our Lives.
Stause foi noiva de Matthew Morrison de 9 de dezembro de 2006 a 2007.
Ambos os pais de Stause morreram de cancro de pulmão entre 2019 e 2020.
Stause tem uma irmã, Shonda, que apareceu na terceira temporada do Selling Sunset.
Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

No Reino Unido, uma Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (com a sigla AONB, em galês: Ardal o Harddwch Naturiol Eithriadol, Área de Destacada Beleza Natural) é uma distinção atribuída a zonas rurais situadas em Inglaterra, Gales ou Irlanda do Norte, cuja paisagem natural é de certa importância.
Eram antigamente designadas pela Countryside Agency e na atualidade, por Natural England, em nome do governo do Reino Unido; pela Countryside Council for Wales em nome da Welsh Assembly Government; e pelo Environment and Heritage Service em nome do Northern Ireland Executive.
A lista das "Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty" inclui os seguintes locais:
Fundo Nacional para Locais de Interesse Histórico ou Beleza Natural (Reino Unido)

O Fundo Nacional para Locais de Interesse Histórico ou Beleza Natural, conhecido como "National Trust", é uma organização de conservação do patrimônio na Inglaterra, País de Gales e Irlanda do Norte, e é a maior, em número de membros, organização no Reino Unido. A entidade filantrópica se descreve como "uma associação de caridade que trabalha para preservar e proteger lugares e espaços históricos - para sempre, para todos".
Na Escócia, existe um National Trust para a Escócia separado e independente.
O National Trust foi fundado em 1895 por Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter e Hardwicke Rawnsley para "promover a preservação permanente para o benefício da nação de terras e cortiços (incluindo edifícios) de beleza ou interesse histórico". Recebeu poderes estatutários, começando com o National Trust Act 1907. Historicamente, o Trust adquiriu terras por doação e às vezes por assinatura pública e apelação, mas após a Segunda Guerra Mundial a perda de casas de campo resultou na aquisição de muitas dessas propriedades por doação dos antigos proprietários, ou através do Fundo Nacional de Terras. Casas de campo e propriedades ainda constituem uma parte significativa de suas propriedades, mas também é conhecida por sua proteção de paisagens selvagens, como no Lake District e Peak District. Bem como as grandes propriedades de famílias nobres, adquiriu casas menores, incluindo algumas cujo significado não é arquitetônico, mas através de sua associação com pessoas famosas, por exemplo, as casas de infância de Paul McCartney e John Lennon.
Um dos maiores proprietários de terras no Reino Unido, o Trust possui mais de 248 000 hectares (610 000 acres; 2 480 km; 960 sq mi) de terra e 780 milhas de costa. Suas propriedades incluem mais de 500 casas históricas, castelos, monumentos arqueológicos e industriais, jardins, parques e reservas naturais. A maioria das propriedades está aberta ao público por um custo (os membros têm entrada gratuita), enquanto os espaços abertos são gratuitos para todos. O Trust tem uma receita anual de mais de £ 630 milhões, principalmente de assinaturas de membros, doações e legados, investimentos, taxas de entrada em propriedades e lucros de suas lojas e restaurantes. Ele também recebe doações de uma variedade de organizações, incluindo outras instituições de caridade, departamentos governamentais, autoridades locais e o National Lottery Heritage Fund.
Cotswolds

As Cotswolds são uma cadeia de pequenas colinas no centro da Inglaterra. A região está classificada como Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (Área de Destacada Beleza Natural). O seu ponto mais alto é Cleeve Hill, à altitude de 336 m.
As Cotswolds encontram-se nos condados cerimoniais de Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Somerset, Warwickshire e Worcestershire. É nesta região que se encontra a nascente do rio Tâmisa.
A região estende-se da cidade de Bath a sul até Chipping Campden a norte, e tem um comprimento de 150 km e largura de 40 km.
Tem sido um lugar de residência muito cobiçado. Várias colinas a oeste são coroadas por fortes e há muitos vestígios da pré-história, incluindo cemitérios, com túmulos do Neolítico e da Idade do Bronze.
Longe das minas de carvão e das grandes cidades, a região escapou aos efeitos da industrialização, e o seu modo de vida rural foi preservado.
As Cotswolds foram classificadas como Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Em 1991, todas as AONB foram sujeitas a medição de área com métodos modernos, e a área oficial da AONB das Cotswolds passou para 2 038 km². Em 2000, o governo do Reino Unido afirmou que as AONB tinham a mesma qualidade paisagística e estatuto que os parques nacionais. A AONB das Cotswolds, que é a maior em Inglaterra e Gales, estende-se das regiões de fronteira de South Warwickshire e Worcestershire, através de West Oxfordshire e Gloucestershire e abrange partes de Wiltshire, e Bath and North East Somerset a sul. O Gloucestershire County Council é responsável por 63% desta AONB.
True Beauty

True Beauty (hangul: 여신강림; rr: Yeosinganglim) é uma série de televisão sul-coreana de comédia romântica estrelada por Moon Ga-young, Cha Eun-woo, Hwang In-yeop, e Park Yoo-na. Baseado em um webtoon de mesmo nome, a telenovela conta como uma garota do ensino médio com aparência complexa e um garoto com um passado sombrio crescem quando se encontram. Estreou na tvN em 9 de dezembro de 2020 e está disponível para streaming pelo sistema de streaming Viu no Sudeste da Ásia e em todo o mundo através do Rakuten Viki.
Lim Ju-kyung (Mun Ka-young) é uma estudante do ensino médio que sempre foi oprimida por sua aparência. Ao ter a oportunidade de mudar de escola, ela assiste tutorias de maquiagem na internet e aprende a transformar seu visual, tornando-se a garota mais popular, contudo vive assombrada pelo medo de a verem sem maquiagem.
Sua nova vida fica prestes a desmoronar quando Lee Su-ho (Cha Eun-woo), acaba vendo seu rosto sem maquiagem. Ele é um dos estudantes mais atraentes e cobiçados, mas prefere não ser o centro das atenções, e por isso se mantém frio e distante dos outros. Contudo, assim como Ju-kyung, Su-ho também possui seus segredos e este fato em comum faz os dois se aproximarem aos poucos.
O caminho dos dois é atravessado por Han Seo-jun (Hwang In-yeop), outro estudante atraente e popular, que faz a linha bad boy mas demonstra ter bom coração. Ele se tornou o grande inimigo de Su-ho devido a um incidente que abalou a amizade dos dois no passado.
A comédia romântica se desenrola envolvendo temas sensíveis como amizade, primeiro amor, bullying, saúde mental, autoestima, superação, além de levantar o questionamento sobre a verdadeira beleza.
Ela é uma estudante brilhante e otimista que não quer que as pessoas a vejam sem maquiagem, então, depois de dominar suas habilidades, ela se torna uma "deusa" popular em sua escola.
Ele é um estudante atraente que parece ter de tudo: aparência, boas notas, dinheiro e excelentes habilidades no basquete, além de todas as jovens estarem morrendo por ele, mas o que ele quer é que as pessoas realmente gostem dele e não de sua aparência e dinheiro.
Ele é um estudante atraente, que apesar de ser um cara durão, ele é na verdade uma pessoa legal.
Ela tem uma beleza natural e vem de uma família rica. Também tem um sentimento não correspondido por Su-ho.
Em julho de 2019, foi anunciado que o webtoon "True Beauty" seria adaptado para um drama. Em agosto de 2020, a produção dramática confirmou a escalação de Moon Ga-young, Cha Eun-woo e Hwang In-yeop para os papéis principais. A primeira sessão de leitura do roteiro foi realizada em outubro de 2020. As gravações do drama foram adiadas após Kim Byung-chun ter testado positivo para a COVID-19.
Playboy Mansion West

A Playboy Mansion West (Mansão Oeste da Playboy em português) foi a residência do fundador da Playboy, Hugh Hefner.
Está localizada em Holmby Hills, área nobre de Los Angeles, California, próximo a Beverly Hills.
A mansão possui 29 quartos, uma sala de jogos, uma sala de cinema, uma adega, um campo de ténis, uma gruta, licença para ter um zoo e, claro, a famosa piscina onde as "coelhinhas" várias vezes foram fotografadas com celebridades. Chegou, inclusive, a aparecer em vários filmes e séries de televisão, entre eles Sex and the city, A Casa das Coelhinhas ou The Apprentice.
Em junho de 2016, Hugh Hefner vendeu a Mansão da Playboy por mais de 88 milhões de euros (US$ 100 milhões) ao seu vizinho do lado, o empresário grego Daren Metropoulos que planeja juntar as duas propriedades. O comprador só poderia mudar-se para lá quando Hefner morresse.
Em 27 de setembro de 2017, Hugh Hefner faleceu aos 91 anos.
Lugar (geografia)

Na geografia, a palavra lugar constituía um conceito científico, pois era utilizada frequentemente do mesmo modo que no senso comum, ou seja, como sinônimo de localização. Quando usada no plural, servia geralmente para fazer referência à variabilidade das combinações de elementos na superfície da Terra e, por conseguinte, ao conjunto de características naturais e humanas que particularizam uma determinada porção da superfície terrestre. Isso era visível quando Paul Vidal de La Blache afirmava que “a geografia é a ciência dos lugares, não dos homens” e quando autores como Richard Hartshorne diziam que “os lugares são únicos” .
A geografia quantitativa, interessada em estudar a organização espacial, também se utilizava da palavra lugar com o sentido de localização, já que os conceitos de organização espacial, região homogênea, região funcional, polo de crescimento, entre outros do gênero, eram mais apropriados para enfoques de tipo morfológico, isto é, interessados em explicar os padrões de distribuição e de relações espaciais estabelecidos pelos agentes econômicos e sociais.
Nesse sentido, a geografia humanista foi a primeira vertente da geografia a fazer uso da palavra lugar como um conceito científico. De fato, esse foi um dos conceitos fundamentais para os propósitos dessa corrente, interessada em pesquisar as relações subjetivas do homem com o espaço e o ambiente. Os geógrafos humanistas destacam a importância de estudar o cotidiano como forma de compreender os valores e atitudes que as pessoas comuns elaboram a respeito do espaço e do ambiente em que vivem. O conceito de lugar é apropriado para esse tipo de pesquisa por dizer respeito aos espaços vivenciados pelas pessoas em suas atividades cotidianas de trabalho, lazer, estudo, convivência familiar, etc. Por esse motivo, a geografia humanista define o lugar como uma forma de experiência humana, “um tipo especial de vivência do espaço”. Ele tem, portanto, o mesmo conteúdo que os fenomenologistas atribuem ao conceito de mundo, isto é, o conjunto das vivências individuais e subjetivas dos sujeitos; “aquilo que em primeiro lugar aparece à consciência”.
A geografia crítica, por sua vez, não dá a mesma importância teórica ao conceito de lugar, pois trabalha principalmente com os conceitos de espaço geográfico e de território. Todavia, alguns geógrafos críticos, como Milton Santos, passaram a conferir maior importância teórica ao conceito de lugar ao longo do tempo. No livro A natureza do espaço, esse autor fala sobre a “força do lugar” e o qualifica como um espaço produzido por duas lógicas, a saber, a das vivências cotidianas das pessoas e a dos processos econômicos, políticos e sociais que constituem a globalização. Nesse sentido, a abordagem crítica do lugar procura se diferenciar da abordagem humanista na medida em que leva em conta as influências dos processos relacionados à globalização no estudo das vivências que os indivíduos desenvolvem nos lugares. E essa influência é caracterizada por Milton Santos e outros geocríticos, em geral, como impositiva, perversa e estranha aos interesses do lugar.
Sugar Loaf, Monmouthshire

The Sugar Loaf (Welsh: Mynydd Pen-y-fâl) is a hill situated two miles (3.2 km) north-west of Abergavenny in Monmouthshire, Wales, within the Brecon Beacons National Park. It is the southernmost of the summit peaks of the Black Mountains, and rises to 1,955 feet (596 metres). The Sugar Loaf was gifted to the National Trust by suffragette Lady Rhondda.
The mountain was originally known as Y Fâl ("the peak"), while its distinctive summit was known as Pen y Fâl ("top of the peak"). The modern Welsh name is Mynydd Pen-y-fâl, meaning "mountain of the top of the peak". The name Sugar Loaf first appears in the 18th century. The mountain shares this name with various others in Great Britain and elsewhere, all named for their perceived resemblance to sugarloaves.
A southern foothill of Sugar Loaf, Y Graig, was discovered in the 1990s to be the site of prehistoric flint tools dating from the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Ages.
It is a popular misconception that Sugar Loaf is an "extinct volcano", an idea born perhaps from the striking resemblance of its conical outline, particularly when seen from the east, to that of a classic volcano. It is however composed entirely of sedimentary rocks. In common with the rest of the Black Mountains, the hill is formed from Old Red Sandstone which was laid down largely during the early part of the Devonian Period. Its lower slopes (up to around 1,000 feet (300 m) are composed of mudstones and sandstones assigned to the Senni Formation whilst its upper reaches are composed of the more sandstone-rich sequence known as the Brownstones Formation. The very summit of Sugar Loaf is formed from sandstones of the Quartz Conglomerate Group which are of late Devonian age. There are a number of landslips on its flanks which are believed to date from early post-glacial times. The former Usk Valley glacier divided to north and south of it as it travelled eastwards, though the mountain itself is largely free from glacial till.
The larger part of the mountain is in the ownership of the National Trust who manage its grazing by Welsh mountain sheep. The lower slopes are deciduous mixed woodland with fern, heather and bilberry, known locally as whinberry, on the upland slopes. The wooded slopes have been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
A vineyard, producing Sugar Loaf wines, is situated at Dummar Farm at the foot of the mountain on south facing slopes near Abergavenny.
The view from the summit covers the Black Mountains to the north, the Cotswolds to the east, as far as the Brecon Beacons including Pen y Fan and Corn Du to the west and the Bristol Channel to the south. The Skirrid is easily visible to the immediate east, including its spectacular landslip at its northern end. On a clear day it is possible to see hills as far north as Shropshire and as far south as Somerset.
The Sugar Loaf is very popular with walkers and hillwalking enthusiasts and offers easy ascents on foot from the Sugar Loaf car park, at about 1,000 feet (300 m), or longer ascents from Abergavenny, Crickhowell or Llangenny.
51°51′44″N 3°03′31″W﻿ / ﻿51.86211°N 3.05859°W﻿ / 51.86211; -3.05859
Sugar Loaf Mountain (Alaska)

Sugar Loaf Mountain, also known as Sugar Mountain, is a 4,784 ft (1,460 m) summit located in the Alaska Range, near Denali National Park and Preserve, in Alaska, United States. It is situated six miles (9.7 km) northeast of park headquarters and six miles (9.7 km) southeast of Healy. The George Parks Highway and Alaska Railroad traverse the western base of this mountain as each passes through the Nenana River Gorge. Mount Healy, Sugar's nearest higher neighbor, is set 5.2 mi (8 km) to the west across the gorge. This peak's local descriptive name was published in 1950 by the United States Geological Survey.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Sugar Loaf Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Nenana River, which in turn is part of the Tanana River drainage basin.
Rio de Janeiro Cathedral

The Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Sebastian (Portuguese: Catedral Metropolitana de São Sebastião), better known as the Metropolitan Cathedral of Rio de Janeiro (Catedral Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro) or as the Cathedral of St. Sebastian of Rio de Janeiro (Catedral de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro), is a cathedral of the Catholic Church and the seat of the Archdiocese of São Sebastião. The cathedral is home to the cathedra of the Archbishops of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The church is dedicated to Saint Sebastian, the patron saint of Rio de Janeiro.
The cathedral was designed by Edgar de Oliveira da Fonseca in a modern style based on Mayan architectural style of pyramids. The current cathedral was built between 1964 and 1979 and replaced as seat of the Archdiocese. A series of churches that had served as cathedrals since 1676, the most recent and notable of those being the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of the Ancient See, now known as the Old Cathedral, built in the 18th century, and that had been declared Rio's cathedral in the early 19th century.
The New Cathedral, as it is sometimes called, is located in the center of the city. Conical in form and with a 96 metres (315 ft) internal diameter — 106 metres of external diameter — and an overall height of 75 metres (246 ft). Inside, the area measures 8,000 square meters and sufficient 5,000 seats (it has a standing-room capacity of 20,000 people).
The cathedral's four rectilinear stained glass windows soar 64 metres (210 ft) from floor to ceiling.
Sugarloaf Rock, Western Australia

Sugarloaf Rock, also known as Sugar Loaf Rock and Sugarloaf Rocks, is a large, natural granite island in the Indian Ocean just off the coast, situated approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Cape Naturaliste in the South West region of Western Australia.
It is separated from the mainland by a thin channel of water. The rock is one of the most photographed attractions and it has appeared on the cover of the Australian Geographic magazine.
The rock derives its name from the distinctive conical shape reminiscent of an old-style sugarloaf. It is designated as a nature reserve and a nesting site for seabirds such as the red-tailed tropicbird. The Cape to Cape track passes by the lookout to the rock.
Access to the rock was limited with no road down to the shore present until the mid-1930s; the site was not well known in 1932, with visitors having to "scramble through thickets and down the cliff" to access the coast. The first recorded drowning off the rock occurred in 1934 when a man was washed from it. A danger sign was erected near the site later the same year. Two more fishermen drowned when they were washed off the rock in 1940, with a third surviving by clinging to a ledge then raising the alarm.
33°33′34″S 115°00′18″E﻿ / ﻿33.55936°S 115.005124°E﻿ / -33.55936; 115.005124
Confeitaria Colombo

Confeitaria Colombo is a coffeehouse located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is one of the main landmarks of the city's Central Region. Website City Guides named Colombo one of the 10 most beautiful cafés in the world.
Confeitaria Colombo was founded in 1894 by Portuguese immigrants Joaquim Borges de Meireles and Manuel José Lebrão. Its architecture, inspired by the European cafes, was representative of Rio de Janeiro's belle époque. Between 1912 and 1918, the interior halls were renovated with an Art Nouveau flair, with large crystal mirrors brought from Antwerp, framed by rosewood trim friezes. The interior wooden furniture was carved at the same time by the artisan Antonio Borsoi.
In 1922, its facilities were expanded with the construction of a second floor with a tearoom. An opening in the ceiling of the ground floor allows to see the skylight of the tea room, decorated with stained glass. Currently, the second floor houses the restaurant Cristóvão.
Years after its opening, Colombo became a meeting point for Brazilian writers, artists and intellectuals of the time, such as Chiquinha Gonzaga, Olavo Bilac, Emílio de Meneses, Rui Barbosa, Villa-Lobos, Lima Barreto, José do Patrocínio, among others, being called "a branch of the Brazilian Academy of Letters".
The coffeehouse was also visited by heads of state such as Getúlio Vargas, Juscelino Kubitschek, King Albert I of Belgium and Queen Elizabeth II.
In 1944, Colombo opened a second store in Copacabana, at the corner of Avenida Nossa Senhora de Copacabana with Rua Barão de Ipanema. It ran until 2003, when it moved to Fort Copacabana. It also had a store at Barra Shopping in the 1990 decade.
The Works Tour

The Works Tour was the tenth headlining concert tour by the British rock band Queen to promote their successful 1984 album The Works. During the tour, Queen participated in the Rock in Rio festival in 1985; the concert was released on VHS. The band released a DVD from a concert in Tokyo titled We Are the Champions: Final Live in Japan, but the name of the concert was incorrect as the band performed 2 further concerts after Tokyo in Nagoya and Osaka.
The stage design was based on a scene from Fritz Lang's Metropolis with huge rotating cog-wheels at the rear of the stage and a brightly lit cityscape. Due to a prior ligament damage in his knee, it was somewhat of a challenge for Mercury to navigate the complex set of multiple levels and stairs. Eventually, in Hanover, Mercury fell down the stairs during the performance of "Hammer to Fall". He was only able to play "Bohemian Rhapsody", "We Will Rock You", and "We Are the Champions" afterwards, shortening the concert somewhat. Due to Mercury's injury, May played the first bars of "We Will Rock You" out of anxiety to get Mercury to the hospital.
Queen scheduled 12 performances in Bophuthatswana, South Africa, at the Sun City Super Bowl in October 1984. Due to the apartheid policy of South Africa, the United Nations requested entertainers to boycott the country and Britain's Musicians’ Union banned any of its members from performing in Sun City. Queen played anyway, despite the controversy, though several shows were cancelled after Mercury's voice gave out after three days live performances. The show was extended to a third weekend.
Queen
Additional musicians
Sir Henry Chamberlain, 2nd Baronet

Captain Sir Henry Chamberlain, 2nd Baronet (2 October 1796 – 8 September 1843) was a British Army officer of the Royal Artillery and an artist whose series of drawings of Brazil were well known in his time.
He was the second of the Chamberlain baronets, as the eldest son and heir of Sir Henry Chamberlain, 1st Baronet, a British diplomat in Brazil, and his first wife Elizabeth Harrod.
While a lieutenant of the Royal Artillery, he visited his father in Brazil in 1819–20. While there, he painted a series of views and costumes of the city and neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The University of Oxford Centre for Brazilian Studies has an album of drawings by him, done during the years 1819 and 1820, with descriptive explanations. His watercolours formed the basis of a famous album of 36 lithographs, each accompanied by a detailed explanation of the particular subject, entitled Views and Costumes of the City and Neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro. He tried to illustrate the entire range of Rio de Janeiro society, including slaves working on the streets. Art critics have noted a remarkable accuracy in his depictions of cityscapes, which have allowed a reconstruction of the layout of certain places, but the people that populate them appear rather flat. Chamberlain's art has been described as showing the humour typical of 18th-century English artists like William Hogarth.
He reached the rank of captain, and served in New Zealand and Bermuda, where he died in 1843.
Chamberlain married on 11 May 1826, Harriet (died 30 April 1866), daughter of R. Mullen, lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot. They had issue, including their son and heir Sir Henry Orlando Robert Chamberlain, 3rd Baronet (1828–1870).
Sugar Loaf, Carmarthenshire

The Sugar Loaf is a prominent hill in Carmarthenshire, Wales, beside the A483 trunk road, some four miles (six kilometres) south-west of Llanwrtyd Wells. It is a popular viewpoint and picnic spot within easy reach on foot from the roadside car parks to the northeast and to the south. There is a stop on the nearby Heart of Wales Line called Sugar Loaf railway station.
The name Sugar Loaf has been applied to numerous hills which have a perceived resemblance to a sugarloaf; the nearest is the Sugar Loaf on the border between Powys and Monmouthshire.
Imanishimwe Samuel

Imanishimwe Samuel uzwi nka Sammy, yavutse 10 nzeri 1989 i Nyamagabe mu ntara y’Amajyepfo.
Imanishimwe Samuel yatangiye umwuga w’itangazamakuru mu mwaka wa 2009 kuri Radio Salus, ubwo yigaga muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda. muri 2011 yerekeza kuri Radio ya Huye/RBA Huye. mu mwaka wa 2013 yari umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today nk’umwanditsi w’inkuru z’imikino na siporo, na Radio KT Sports nku munyamakuru mu kiganiro cy’imikino.
Imanishimwe Samuel ni umunyamakuru FIFA yifafisha wo mu Rwanda mugotora umukinnyi witwaye neza ku isi mu gihembo cya Ballon d’or gitangwa na France Football yo mu Bufaransa, aho buri gihugu gihagararirwa n’umunyamakuru umwe.
African Leadership University

African Leadership University (ALU) is a network of tertiary institutions operating in Mauritius and Rwanda, offering bachelor's degree programs.
ALU's inaugural campus, known as the African Leadership College, was established in September 2015 in Mauritius. Subsequently, in September 2017, ALU launched its second campus in Kigali, Rwanda.
In 2008, Fred Swaniker, an African leadership development expert and Stanford Business School-educated social entrepreneur, founded ALU's sister organization, the African Leadership Academy, a secondary institution. In 2015, Swaniker expanded his efforts further by establishing an institution of higher learning, the African Leadership University, dedicated to teaching leadership skills. In 2015, ALU opened its doors to more than 180 students from across Africa on its main campus in Mauritius. In 2019, ALU made it to Fast Company's list of the world's 50 most innovative companies.
ALC's main campus is located in Pamplemousses, the northern region of Mauritius. ALC Mauritius is a residential campus. The campus opened in October 2015 with 173 students in the inaugural class of 2015. In 2018, the number of students was over 300. ALC offers undergraduate degree programs through its founding academic partner, Glasgow Caledonian University. ALC offers four different degrees.
ALU Rwanda is located in Kigali, Rwanda. The institution holds accreditation from the Higher Education Council of Rwanda. The undergraduate campus opened in September 2017 with 270 students, while the African Leadership School of Business started its blended Master of Business Administration program in September 2016. ALU Rwanda expanded to Kigali's new Innovation City, where a permanent campus was completed in 2020. ALU Rwanda is a non-residential campus.
Pierre-Célestin Rwigema

Pierre-Célestin Rwigema (born 27 July 1953) is a Rwandan politician previously associated with the moderate faction of the Republican Democratic Movement (MDR) party. He was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 1995 to 2000 and Education Minister from 1994 to 1995. When he was sworn in as prime minister he pledged to reunite his then ethnically torn country.
In 2001, he was accused of alleged involvement in the Rwandan genocide and had an arrest warrant issued for him by the Rwandan government. These charges were brought against him after his resignation as prime minister, when he fled to the United States to seek political asylum. At the time of the accusation, he was studying towards a Master's degree in Business Administration at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, United States. The political climate in Rwanda was volatile at the time. The speaker of the house, Joseph Sebarenzi, resigned and fled. There was allegations of a royalist faction working to undermine the RPF government, and restore the Tutsi monarchy. It has been reported that these charges against him may have been politically motivated.
According to Joseph Sebarenzi, a Tutsi and former speaker of the national assembly from 1997 to 2000, Rwigema was innocent. Sebarenzi wrote in his memoir, God Sleeps in Rwanda: "Regularly I would hear from friends or on the radio that someone else in Rwanda was being targeted. There was Pierre Celestin Rwigema, the prime minister. He was forced to resign. While I was speaker, we had investigated him for mismanagement and embezzlement. The RPF wanted him out and hoped we would censure him. But our investigation could not prove that he had done anything wrong, so we cleared him. I knew that the RPF would not let that stand. So when I heard that Rwigema had resigned, I was not surprised. He eventually fled to the United States. The government of Rwanda told the U.S. government that he was involved in the genocide and asked that he be arrested. But an immigration judge cleared him". He was eventually proven innocent and granted political asylum by the United States immigration court in Detroit.
In October 2011, Rwanda's prosecutor general, Martin Ngoga reported to the media that the judicial process in Rwanda also found no evidence indicting Rwigema in involvement with genocide and therefore his case was suspended. Rwigema returned to Rwanda after 11 years in exile, stating that he was returning freely, and soon held a press conference where he revealed that his primary motivation to return home was to participate in the ongoing development of the country.
In early May 2012, Rwigema was one of 8 candidates elected by the Rwandan parliament among 18 candidates to represent Rwanda in the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA). He vowed to advocate for effective implementation of the EAC common market and customs union protocols, and the fast-tracking of the negotiations on monetary union and the realization of a political federation.
Now he is a lecturer at Kigali Independent University (ULK) at the master's level and also lectures at Jomo Kenyata University at the Ph.D. level.