davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Ducado de la Victoria

El ducado de la Victoria es un título nobiliario español, que lleva aparejada la grandeza de España de primera clase,​ creado el 14 de diciembre de 1839, por la reina Isabel II, a favor del capitán general Joaquín Baldomero Fernández-Espartero Álvarez de Toro.
Baldomero Espartero era hijo de Manuel Antonio Fernández Espartero y Cañadas y de Josefa Vicenta Álvarez de Toro y Molina.
Este mismo título fue concedido al general Tomás de Zumalacarregui e Imaz en 1836, por el pretendiente carlista Carlos V. En 1954, el general Francisco Franco reconoció como título del Reino, con grandeza de España incluida, el dado a Zumalacarregui por los carlistas, con la nueva denominación (quizás para distinguirlo del dado a Espartero) de duque de la Victoria de las Amezcoas.
Baldomero Espartero sobresalió como militar en las guerras carlistas, con victorias importantes, como la obtenida en Luchana, que le valió los títulos de conde de Luchana y vizconde de Banderas (ambos concedidos el 27 de marzo de 1837).
La firma de la Paz de Vergara que puso fin a la guerra contra los carlistas del norte de España, que le valió el título de duque de la Victoria, (concedido el 14 de diciembre de 1839), y más tarde por la derrota de los últimos carlistas en Morella, (Castellón), se le concedió el ducado de Morella.
Además de Capitán General de los Reales Ejércitos, fue presidente del Consejo de Ministros, en dos ocasiones, Regente del reino, en sustitución de María Cristina de Borbón-Dos Sicilias, y ya retirado de la vida política en su palacio de Logroño, (La Rioja), y estando España sin rey por la destitución de Isabel II en 1868, se le ofreció la corona de España, que rechazó, con buen juicio, pues consideraba absurdo ser "Baldomero I", e iniciar una nueva dinastía, precisamente él, que no tenía descendientes, ya que carecía de hijos que le sucedieran.
Se opuso a la elección de un príncipe extranjero para asumir la corona de España, pero el Congreso de los Diputados y el empeño del General Prim, hicieron que la corona recayese, finalmente, en Amadeo de Saboya, duque italiano de Aosta, quién siendo ya rey de España le visitó en Logroño y le concedió el 21 de enero de 1872, el título de príncipe de Vergara con carácter vitalicio, pero con tratamiento de "Alteza Real".
Las personas que han ostentado el título son:
Federico Ordax-Avecilla y Urrengoechea

Federico Ordax-Avecilla y Urrengoechea (León, 1850-Argamasilla de Alba (Ciudad Real), 18 de abril de 1926 ) fue un destacado político español, socialista del Partido Reformista, excelente orador, y destacado miembro de la masonería, en diferentes logias, del último tercio del siglo XIX y principios del XX.
Fue hijo del escritor y político liberal José Ordax Avecilla y hermano del escritor, periodista y político César Ordax-Avecilla y Urrengoechea.
Realizó sus estudios de medicina en Madrid y ejerció dicha profesión únicamente en el periodo de 1871 hasta 1885 como médico titular de la villa de Salvacañete (Cuenca). Acabó decantándose por el periodismo y la política; distinguiéndose en la época de la Revolución por sus ideas avanzadas, llegando a ser años más tarde un buen amigo de Manuel Becerra y Bermúdez, quién le protegió, y por su mandato fue enviado a Filipinas, archipiélago donde desempeñó algunos cargos de importancia, en la administración civil de las Islas. Como periodista, publicó sus trabajos en varios diarios, pero principalmente en el Diario de Manila y en La Opinión, también impreso en aquella capital. Contrario en todo momento a que dicha colonia pudiera servir de refugio a los inmigrantes chinos, combatió con sistemática tenacidad, por considerarla peligrosa bajo diversos aspectos. Posteriormente fue destinado a la isla caribeña de Cuba. En La Habana, en 1893, publicó Los chinos fuera de China, lo más esencial de lo que había dado a luz en la prensa de Manila. En 1896 fue nombrado gobernador civil de Puerto Príncipe y al año siguiente de Santiago de Cuba (3). También en la Gran Antilla continuó cultivando el periodismo, pero anónimamente y casi todo ello en defensa de la política del general Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau. Regresó a España en 1899, donde ocupó en distintas provincias el cargo de gobernador civil.
En 1911, se retiró de la vida pública activa y, junto a su esposa Juliana Martínez Fombuena, se hicieron cargo de las hijas de su sobrina tutelada Amparo Ordax Avecilla (Enriqueta, Amparo, Juliana y Luz Alonso Ordax-Avecilla), por fallecimiento repentino de esta última, retirándose a residir hasta su fallecimiento en Argamasilla de Alba (Ciudad Real), donde está enterrado en el panteón familiar.
Condado de Paredes de Nava

El condado de Paredes de Nava es un título nobiliario español, creado el 10 de mayo de 1452 por el rey Juan II de Castilla para Rodrigo Manrique,​ condestable de Castilla y maestre de la Orden de Santiago. Este título, cuya denominación hace referencia a la localidad de Paredes de Nava en la provincia de Palencia, se le otorgó a Rodrigo Manrique en compensación por su renuncia al maestrazgo de Santiago.
Rodrigo Manrique era hijo de Pedro Manrique de Lara y Mendoza, VIII señor de Amusco, VIII de Treviño etc. y de Leonor de Castilla y Alburquerque hija natural de Fadrique de Castilla y Ponce de León, duque de Benavente, que a su vez era hijo natural de Enrique II de Castilla. El hermano mayor de Rodrigo, Diego Gómez Manrique de Lara y Castilla, fue el IX señor de Amusco y el IX señor y I conde de Treviño.
Hay que destacar a Jorge Manrique, hijo del I Conde de Paredes, que en su memoria escribió las famosas "Coplas a la muerte de su padre". Inmortalizándolo en la historia.
El título obtuvo la Grandeza de España en tiempos de Carlos II, el 13 de septiembre de 1693.​ Por lo tanto, 14 de los 24 condes han sido Grandes de España. Los condes de Paredes de Nava han ocupado un lugar preeminente en la historia de España; el I conde que fue condestable de Castilla y maestre de la Orden de Santiago, pero también ha habido Virreyes de Valencia y de Nueva España, Ministros de Estado, de Guerra y de Marina e incluso el Presidente del Consejo de Ministros de la Primera República, Juan de Zavala y de la Puente. Muchos han sido militares, ocupando los más altos empleos, como Capitanes Generales. A su vez han obtenido las más altas condecoraciones, tales como el Toisón de Oro, el Collar de la Orden de Carlos III, cruces Laureadas de la Real y Militar Orden de San Fernando así como varias cruces de la Orden del Mérito Militar (con distintivos rojo y blanco).
Le sucedió, de su primer matrimonio, su hijo:
Cathedral of Rum

The Cathedral of Rum in Cataño, Puerto Rico is the world's largest rum distillery. The Bacardi Distillery is located on 55 hectares (137 acres) and consists of forty-four buildings and structures, twenty-four of which contribute to its historical character. It can be accessed from and is located at the intersection of PR-165 and PR-888.
Founded in Cuba in 1862 and family-owned for eight generations, Bacardi Limited employs more than 7,000 people with sales in approximately 170 countries. Bacardi Limited refers to the Bacardi group of companies, including Bacardi International Limited.
Registered in Puerto Rico in 1909, it was not until January 1, 1937, when the first batch of Bacardi rum was produced in Cataño, Puerto Rico. In 1958, Bacardí purchased 138 acres of land in Cataño (a suburb of San Juan) and then governor Luis Muñoz Marín called it the "Cathedral of Rum".
The Bacardi Corporation in Cataño supplies the largest quantity of rum consumed in the world and is the private company that most contributes to the public treasury of Puerto Rico.
The Bacardi Distillery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 2010, based on two criteria: (criteria A) the distillery's enormous contribution to the economic development of Puerto Rico since its establishment and (criteria C) its designers included W. Donald Christie, Henry Klumb, Héctor Varela, and Enrique Gutiérrez. The builders included José Benítez Gutiérrez, Ramón M. Benítez, Ignacio Martín, and SAG MAC.
There is a family museum at the complex and in 2012, the Bacardi family celebrated 150 years in business and gathered at the complex in Cataño. A bust of its founder, Facundo Bacardi Masso was unveiled. Then Governor Luis Fortuño also declared a new holiday called Bacardi Day, to be celebrated on February 4, in honor of the company's important ties to Puerto Rico and its economy.
The Bacardi complex is the second most visited tourist attraction in Puerto Rico. At the complex, tourists can go on a historical tour, a rum tasting tour and learn how to mix Bacardi rum drinks.
After Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, the distillery was soon able to provide clean drinking water to residents.
State Bar of New Mexico

The State Bar of New Mexico (SBNM) is the integrated (mandatory) bar association of the U.S. state of New Mexico.
The State Bar of New Mexico first met on January 19, 1886, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, as a voluntary professional organization. There were 29 original members, and William A. Vincent was the first president.
In 1925, state statute caused the State Bar to operate as an agency of the New Mexico Supreme Court. In 1978, the State Bar of New Mexico (State Bar) was incorporated under the laws of the State of New Mexico.
The SBNM is governed by a Board of Bar Commissioners, consisting of 19 members elected by district and one from each of the Senior Lawyer, Young Lawyer, and Paralegal Divisions.
SBNM enforces the rule that New Mexico lawyers must complete 12 credits of Continuing Legal Education each year.
SBNM publishes the weekly New Mexico Bar Bulletin and the quarterly New Mexico Lawyer.
In 1995, SBNM's Paralegal Division was established to serve the needs of New Mexico legal assistants.
Anna Navarro

Anna Delia Navarro (also cited Ana Delia Navarro; August 18, 1933 – December 27, 2006) was an American film and television actress.
With regard to Anna Navarro's birthplace, various references cite different locations. Some sources state that she was born in Nicaragua, while others note it was Winter Park, Florida. In an interview with Navarro published in the Los Angeles Times in October 1961, writer Lydia Lane identifies New York as her birthplace.
Navarro began her career in entertainment serving as a guide in numerous variety television programs. According to some sources, she made her film debut in 1953’s Jack Slade. She appeared in the movies Jubilee Trail, The Human Jungle and The Adventures of Hajji Baba in 1954. Navarro’s television debut was in the western television series The Adventures of Kit Carson. She then made appearances in the television programs Treasury Men in Action, I Led 3 Lives and The Cisco Kid.
Later in her career, Navarro guest-starred in numerous television programs including Gunsmoke, Bonanza, Tales of Wells Fargo, Perry Mason, Tombstone Territory, The Virginian, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, Maverick, Family Affair (3 episodes), Death Valley Days, Outlaws, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Barnaby Jones, The Californians, Peter Gunn and Bat Masterson. Her final credit was from the action crime television series Walker, Texas Ranger.
Navarro died in December 2006, at the age of 73.
Mika Seeger

Mika Seeger is an American ceramic artist. Although not primarily a musical artist, she did record a definitive version of "Great Green Gobs of Greasy, Grimy Gopher Guts". She is the daughter of filmmaker Toshi Seeger and Pete Seeger, a legendary American folk musician.
Seeger achieved some prominence in 1968 when she was arrested for involvement in anti-police demonstrations in Mexico City in July 1968. She rejected legal assistance from the U.S. Embassy, electing to retain local counsel. Mexico expelled Seeger from Mexico at the end of the year.
Mika's ceramic murals were often created with other artists, including local school children.
Seeger is married to Joe Bossom, with whom she has two children. She had one child, Tao Rodríguez-Seeger, from her relationship with Emilio Rodríguez, a Puerto Rican filmmaker.
Le Royal Hotel (Amman)

31°57′12″N 35°54′33″E﻿ / ﻿31.95333°N 35.90917°E﻿ / 31.95333; 35.90917
The Le Royal, is one of the tallest buildings in Amman, Jordan. Located in the 3rd Circle area, the building serves as a host of Le Royal Hotel chain in addition to a shopping mall, cinemas and commercial offices. It is a major landmark in Amman and one of the tallest buildings in Amman.
The building's original cost of $200 million was increased to $350 million over the course of construction and it is also built in a modern way as a clad building.
The building is lit with colorful lights during the night. These lights are set to different colors on different nights, so the hotel can appear in many different colors depending on the night.
Media related to Le Royal Hotel Amman at Wikimedia Commons
List of countries with alcohol prohibition

The following countries or territories have or had comprehensive prohibitions against alcohol. Particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Currently, alcohol prohibition is enforced in many Muslim majority countries, in parts of India, and in some Indigenous American and Indigenous Australian communities and certain northern communities in the Canadian territories. They can range from complete ban all the way to bans on sales during certain times.
Pakakas Tatanén Tradisional

Pakakas Tatanén Tradisional nyaéta alat anu digunakeun dina ngalaksanakeun kagiatan tatanén. Dina prakna baranggawé, patani tangtu ngabutuhkeun alat-alat nu dipaké pikeun ngaringankeun rupa-rupa pagawéanana. Alat-alat éta ilaharna disebut pakakas patani. Pakakas nurutkeun Danadibrata hartina parabot pikeun barangjieun naon waé.
Kiwari pakakas tradisional geus jarang digunakeun, sabab dianggap riweuh jeung teu praktis, sarta geus loba ngagunakeun mesin Sajaba ti kitu, pakakas tradisional hususna tatanén dianggap leuwih hésé jeung ribet, ku kituna loba nu pindah ngagunakeun mesin, upamana lamun baheula ngagunakeun munding atawa sapi, kiwari mah masarakat leuwih milih traktor pikeun ngolah lahan sawah téh. Sajaba dianggap leuwih téréh, ogé teu pati capé migawéna, Antukna, pakakas tradisional geus beuki langka jeung teu nutup kamungkinan anak incu generasi ka hareupna moal apal ngeunaan alat-alat tradisional Sunda.
Anapon pakakas tradisional patani éta di antarana nyaéta:
Arit gunana pikeun ngarit atawa motong jukut, meresihan galengan, ngababad jarami.
Sfigmomanométer

Sfigmomanometér atawa ténsiméter nyaéta alat anu diasupkeun kana mansét kantong hawa, digunakeun bareng jeung stétoskop keur ngukur tekenan getih dina arteri. Ieu alat diwengku ku bagéan anu digulungkeun kana leungeun luhur, dijieun tina karét kawas kantong hawa anu bisa ngabeukahan gunana pikeun nahan aliran getih lamun ka jerona dikompakeun hawa. Bagian ieu dihubungkeun jeung pompa hawa, jeung deuih di tungtung lainna jeung pipa anu eusina cai raksa.
Prinsip gawé ténsiméter ngagunakeun jangkung kolom (tabung) anu eusina liquid statik keur nangtukeun tekenan. Mansét dipasang ngurilingan leungeun jeung tuluy diteken ku tekenan di luhureun tekenan arteri leungeun (brachial). Geus kitu tekenanana saeutik-saeutik diturunkeun. Maca jangkung merkuri dina kolom (tabung manométer) ningalikeun peak pressure (sistolik) jeung lowest pressure (diastolik). Tensi atawa tekenan getih manusa normal déwasa nyaéta 100-130 mmHg keur tekenan sistolik jeung 60-90 mmHg keur tekenan diastolik.
Ténsiméter aya tilu rupa, nyaéta:
Sangkan ténsimeter bisa digunakeun keur ngukur tekenan getih kalawan hadé, kudu dikalibrasi heula. Carana nyaéta:
Stronsium

Stronsium (disebut ogé Strontium) nyaéta hiji unsur kimia dina tabél périodik anu miboga lambang Sr jeung nomor atom 38. Stronsium mangrupa logam alkali taneuh lemes sarta warnana pérak kakonéngan. Stronsium miboga tilu bentuk kristal alotropik ku sifat fisika jeung kimiana mirip jeung kalsium sarta barium. Stronsium gancang ngaréaksi jeung cai sarta hawa antukna kuduĭ diteundeun dina wadah nu teu ngamungkinkeun ayana kontak jeung cai atawa hawa. ku sabab réaktivitas ékstrim kana hawa, ieu unsur teu sayaga bébas di alam sarta sok senyawaan jeung unsur lianna. Bubuk logam stronsium bakal hurung sacara spontan di udara pikeun ngahasilkeun boh stronsium oksida, boh stronsium nitrida. Stronsium umumna mah aya di alam, kontribusina kurang leuwih 0,034% tina sakabéh batuan beku sarta hadir dina wangun mineral celestite sulfat (SrSO4) jeung strontianite carbonate (SrCO3). Celestite sok kawangun dina endepan sedimén mangréa-réa antukna nguntungkeun pikeun ditambang. Daérah patambangan utama kaasup Inggris, Méksiko, Turki, jeung Spanyol. Kadaharan anu ngandung Stronsium di antarana jagong (0,4 ppm), jeruk (0,5 ppm), kubis (45 ppm), bawang (50 ppm), jeung lattuce (74 ppm).
Tari Pendet

Tari Pendet dina awalna mangrupa tari pamujaan anu loba diperagakeun di pura. Tarian ieu ngalambangkeun panyambutan leluhur turunna dewata ka alam dunya. Lambat-laun, perkembangan jaman, para seniman Bali ngarobah Pendet jadi "Acra panyambutan", cacak tetep ngandung anasir anu sakral-religius. Pendet mangrupa pernyataan ti hiji persembahan dina wangun tarian upacara. Henteu kawas halna tarian-tarian pertunjukkan anu merlukeun palatihan inténsif, Pendet bisa ditarikeun ku kabéh jelema, pemangkus lalaki sarta wanoja, kaum wanoja sarta gadis désa. Tarian ieu diajarkeun kalayan nuturkeun gerakkan sarta jarang dipigawé di banjar-banjar. Para gadis ngora nuturkeun gerakkan ti para wanoja anu leuwih sénior anu geus ngarti tanggung jawab maranéhanana dina méré conto anu alus. Tari putri anu ngabogaan pola unggut anu leuwih dinamis ti tari Rejang anu dibawakan sacara berkelompok atawa berpasangan, dipidangkeun sanggeus tari Rejang di halaman pura sarta biasana nyanghareup ka arah suci (pelinggih) kalayan maké pakéan upacara sarta unggal panari mawa sangku, kendi, wadah sarta perlengkapan sasajén nu lianna.
Biasana Tari Pendet dibawakan sacara kelompok atawa pasangan-pasangan ku para putri, sarta leuwih dinamis tibaan tari Rejang. Dipidangkeun sanggeus tari Rejang di halaman Pura sarta biasana nyanghareup ka arah suci (pelinggih). Para panari Pendet dangdan meujeuhnana para panari upacara kaagamaan anu sakral séjénna, kalayan maké pakéan upacara, unggal penari mawa perlengkapan sasajén persembahan kawas sangku (ppwadah cai]] suci), kendi, wadah, sarta anu séjénna.
Guru Besar Institut Seni Indonesia (ISI) Dénpasar, Wayan Dibia, negaskeun yén tari Pendet geus jadi bagian anu teu bisa dipisahkeun ti kahirupan spiritual masarakat Hindu Bali.
Tarian ieu mangrupa tarian anu dibawakeun ku sajumplukan rumaja putri, unggal mawa mangkok pérak (bokor) anu pinuh ku kembang. Dina ahir tarian para panari naburkeun kembang ka arah panongton minangka kedalan wilujeng sumping. Tarian ieu biasana dipidangkeun pikeun ngabagéakeun sémah-sémah atawa mitembeyan hiji pertunjukkan (1999: 47).
Panyipta atawa koréografer wangun modérn tari Pendet ieu téh I Wayan Rindi (?-1967), mangrupa panari anu dipikawanoh lega minangka penekun seni tari jeung pangabisa ngubah tari sarta ngalestarikeun seni tari Bali ngaliwatan pembelajaran dina generasi penerusna. Sawaktu hirupna manéhna aktip ngajarkeun rupa-rupa tari Bali, kaasup tari Pendet ka turunan kulawargana atawa di luar lingkungan kulawargana.
Di gigireun / sabeulah tacan aya lembaga hak cipta, tari Bali salila ieu henteu kungsi dipaténkeun alatan ngandung peunteun spiritual anu lega sarta teu bisa dimonopoli minangka ciptaan manusa atawa bangsa nu tangtu. Dina hal ieu, I Ketut Sutapa, dosén seni tari Institut Seni Indonésia (ISI) Bali ngarep-ngarep pamaréntah miboga tindakan pikeun nyalametkeun warisan budaya nasional ti leungeun jail nagara séjén.
Poaceae

Poacéae, asalna mah disebut Graminae, nyaéta salah sahiji kulawarga tina tutuwuhan kembangan monokotil (Monocotyledonéae), nu mangrupa hiji sumber divisi tina urutan poales. Tutuwuhan ieu sok disebut ogé salaku jujukutan. Ieu mangrupa salah sahiji di antara lima kulawarga tutuwuhan kembangan nu pangluhurna dina hal jumlah spésés, ngan ieu jelas kulawarga flora pang lobana jeung pohara pentingna di bumi. Diwangun ku leuwih ti 10.000 spésiés.
Poacéae tumuwuh di sakabéh benua, di padang pasir boh habitat cai tawar atawa laut, nepi ka dina tempat pangluhurna. Komunitas tutuwuhan nu didominasi ku jujukutan nyumbang antara 24 persén tina vegetasi bumi. Poacéae sumebar di sakabéh dunya, iwal ti Greenland jeung antartika.
Poacéae ogé mangrupa sumber nu pangpentingna dina dunia dahareun. Jeung mangrupa kelompok pangpentingna sacara ekonomi, nu penting téh kaasup serealia, jukut, tiwu, jeung tutuwuhan bumbu. Spésiés tina ieu tutuwuhan nepi ka geus diolah pikeun jadi tutuwuhan pangan pokok (seréalia jeung gula misalna), pakan pikeun sato ingon, biofuel, nepi ka bahan wangunan, kertas jeung lansekap hias.
Sanjeok

Sanjeok (Korean: 산적; Hanja: 散炙) is a type of jeok (skewered food) in Korean cuisine. It is usually made by placing seasoned slices of beef with vegetables on a skewer and grilling them. All the ingredients are sliced into 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) long pieces. Unlike other jeok dishes, sanjeok is not dredged with flour or egg-washed before being grilled. Sanjeok may be used in jesa (ancestral rites) or eaten as banchan (a side dish).
Teok-sanjeok is grilled with beef and white rice cake seasoned with seasoning.
Sanjeok ingredients may vary, with beef as a staple.
Jang-sanjeok and seop-sanjeok are not skewered dishes.
Dak-kkochi

Dak-kkochi (Korean: 닭꼬치; lit. chicken skewer) is a popular South Korean street food consisting of small pieces of chicken and scallions grilled on a skewer.
Dak (chicken) is the most popular type of kkochi (skewered food). Others include sausages, fish cakes, and short rib patties called tteok-galbi. The menu is basically charcoal-grilled Dak-kkochis and spicy seasoned Dak-kkochis.
Dak (닭) means chicken, and kkochi (꼬치) means food on skewers or skewers themselves used for culinary purposes.
Nutmeg grater

A nutmeg grater, also called a nutmeg rasp, is a device used to grate a nutmeg seed. Nutmeg graters are normally metal, cylindrical or half-cylindrical, the surface perforated with small rasped holes. The nutmeg is passed over the surface to grate. The grater may be combined with a compartment for storing the nutmeg seed between uses.
In the late 17th century, nutmeg and nutmeg graters became associated with drinking punch, at that time a fashionable alcoholic beverage. Through the 18th century, it was the fashion for men to carry nutmeg in a pocket-sized silver container equipped with a grater in order to add freshly grated nutmeg to punch.
Nutmeg graters are a bartenders' tool, used for adding freshly grated nutmeg to hot toddies, eggnogs, and other drinks.
Jug

A jug is a type of container commonly used to hold and serve liquids, but not normally to drink from directly. It has an opening, sometimes narrow, from which to pour or drink, and has a handle, and usually a pouring lip. Jugs throughout history have been made of metal, ceramic, or glass, and plastic is now common.
In British English, jugs are pouring vessels for holding drinkable liquids, whether beer, water or soft drinks. In North American English these table jugs are usually called pitchers. Ewer is an older word for jugs or pitchers, and there are several others, such as flagon.
Several other types of containers are also called jugs, depending on locale, tradition, and personal preference. Some types of bottles can be called jugs, particularly if the container has a narrow mouth and has a handle. Closures such as stoppers or screw caps are common for these retail packages.
The word jug is first recorded in the late 15th century as jugge or jubbe. It is of unknown origin, but perhaps comes from jug a term for a maidservant, in the same period. This in turn comes from the alteration of common personal names such as Joan or Judith.
In certain countries, especially New Zealand and Australia, a "jug" refers to a plastic container filled with two imperial pints (just over a litre) of beer. It is usually served along with one or more small glasses from which the beer is normally consumed, although in some student bars it is more common for the beer to be drunk directly from the jug, which is usually served without the accompanying glass. (In the U.S., this may be called a pitcher—although few US pitchers are as small as a litre, generally holding between 64 and 128 U.S. fluid ounces, approximately 2-4 litres. In New Zealand and Australia a pitcher sometimes can refer to a much larger measure of beer.)
In Britain in those parts of the country where there is a choice between a pint (20 fluid ounces) tankard and a straight glass of beer, a tankard may be called a tankard or a "jug". A jug of beer may also refer to a jug containing larger amounts (usually sized in pints), but if a large jug is sold it will be advertised as such in the pub and this helps to reduce confusion.
In American folk music, an empty jug (often stoneware used for American whiskey) is sometimes used as a musical instrument, being played with buzzed lips to produce a trombone-like tone. It is often part of a jug band, to which ensemble it lends its name.
In addition to the typical definition, a variety of other containers designed for carrying liquid are sometimes called "jugs".
"Jug" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
Michelle Obama

Is dlíodóir Meiriceánach í Michelle Obama (rugadh Michelle LaVaughn Robinson ar an 17 Eanáir, 1964 i Chicago, Illinois) atá pósta le iar-uachtarán na tíre Barack Obama. Bhain sí céim amach in Ollscoil Princeton agus Harvard Law School, sular ghlac sí post ina cathair dúchais leis an gcomhlacht Sidley Austin, áit ar bhuail sí lena fear céile. Tá beirt chailíní acu; Malia Ann agus Natasha (Sasha, a tugtar uirthi).
Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)

Ceann den dá phriomhpháirtí i Meiriceá is ea an Páirtí Daonlathach. Sé an Páirtí Poblachtach an ceann eile. Is ball den pháirtí é Barack Obama, Iar-Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe.
John Edwards

Is polaiteoir Meiriceánach de chuid an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh é John Edwards (ar 10 Meitheamh 1953 a rugadh é). Bhí sé ina Sheanadóir sna Stáit Aontaithe ar feadh téarma amháin le haghaidh Carolina Thuaidh, idir 1999 agus 2005. Le linn an toghcháin uachtaránachta i 2004, ba é Edwards iarrthóir an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh le haghaidh phost an Leas-Uachtaráin. Bhí Edwards ina iarrthóir d'ainmniúchán an pháirtí don uachtarántacht i 2008. Chuir Edwards béim ar throid in aghaidh na bochtaineachta agus tionchar lucht rachmais sna Stáit Aontaithe, chomh maith le seirbhís sláinte choiteann do chách. Cé nár éirigh lena fheachtas mar iarrthóir, deirtear go raibh tionchar aige ar pholasaithe na bpríomh-iarrthóirí eile, Barack Obama agus Hillary Clinton.
Ar 14 Bealtaine 2008, chuir John Edwards in iúl go poiblí go raibh sé ag tacú le Barack Obama mar iarrthóir an Pháirtí Dhaonlathaigh d'Uachtarántacht na Stát Aontaithe.
Warren Buffett

Is fear gnó agus billiúnaí Meiriceánach é Warren Buffet (a rugadh ar 30 Lúnasa 1930). Is príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin an chomhlachta Berkshire Hathaway agus daonchara idirnáisiúnta é chomh maith.
Bhronn Barack Obama Bonn na Saoirse air sa bhliain 2011, an gradam is airde i Meiriceá.
Dúirt sé gur in amanna cúlaithe, nuair a thránn an taoille airgeadais, go bhfaigheann muid amach cé a bhí ag snámh lomnocht.
Muine Gall

Sráidbhaile beag i gContae Uíbh Fhailí is ea Muine Gall (Moneygall as Béarla). Sa Mhuine Gall, tá eaglais Chaitliceach, ceithre siopaí, oifig an phoist, bunscoil, stáisiún na nGardaí agus dhá theach tábhairne.
Tarraingíodh aird an domhain ar an áit bheag seo nuair a rianaíodh duine de shinsir Barack Obama, Uachtarán Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá, siar go dtí an ceantar seo.
Téann an mótarbhealach M7 in aice an tsráidbhaile. Tá stad bus i lár an baile agus déanann an bus Baile Átha Cliath/Luimneach stad ann ar a bhealach tríd.
Tá bunscoil Chaitliceach sa bhaile. Téann na páistí go dtí Ros Cré nó An tAonach don mheánscoil.
Barack Obama Plaza

Barack Obama Plaza is a motorway service area on the R445 road at Junction 23, just off the M7 motorway in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is beside the village of Moneygall, which is just across the county border in County Offaly, and is accessed using the Junction 23 slip roads. It is named after former US president Barack Obama, whose third great-grandfather, Falmouth Kearney, lived in Moneygall and who emigrated to the US in 1850. The Plaza cost €7 million to construct and opened on 30 May 2014. An Obama museum–visitor centre opened on the following 4 July. The Plaza is owned and operated by Pat McDonagh and his wife Una McDonagh.
The service station operating under the Circle K brand has 26 petrol pumps across two forecourts offering unleaded petrol, diesel, MGO (marine gas oil), diesel exhaust fluid, and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). Charging stations including a fast-charge ESB electric car charge point.
In addition to fuel supplies there is a variety of food outlets including Supermac's, Papa John's Pizza, Mac's Place Bakery and Carvery, Bewleys coffee and a Spar shop. The Plaza also includes a visitor centre that provides information on Obama's family connections to Moneygall where his great-great-great-grandfather lived, as well as five meeting rooms and a large function room.
A Local Link bus service, No. 854 between Roscrea and Nenagh, calls at Barack Obama Plaza seven days a week. The service connects with the local communities of Toomevara, Cloughjordan and Shinrone.
A bronze bust of Barack Obama by Mark Rhodes, and commissioned by Plaza owner, Pat McDonagh, was unveiled inside the Plaza by the US Ambassador to Ireland, Kevin O'Malley, on 22 September 2016. On 20 August 2018, life-sized bronze sculptures of Barack and Michelle Obama, also by Mark Rhodes, were unveiled outside the Plaza by Cody Keenan, a former Obama speechwriter.
List of sculptures of presidents of the United States

This is a list of statues and busts of presidents of the United States. Note that some images are excluded due to copyright. To date, there are 17 presidents with sculptures, statues, or physical monuments outside the United States: George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama.
There are currently no sculptures or statues of Joe Biden.
List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama

This is a list of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States. Barack Obama made 52 international trips to 58 countries (in addition to visiting the West Bank) during his presidency, which began on January 20, 2009 and ended on January 20, 2017.
Obama set the record as the most-traveled president for any first year in office: he took the most trips, visited the most countries, and spent the most days abroad. Obama made ten trips to 21 countries (four countries were visited twice) and was out of the U.S. a total of 37 days.
The number of visits per country where President Obama traveled are:
Multilateral meetings of the following intergovernmental organizations took place during Barack Obama's presidency (2009–2017).
List of things named after Barack Obama

This is a list of things named after Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States. This list includes proposed name changes.
Barack Obama has been commemorated in the scientific names of at least 14 species, the most of any U.S. president.
However, the genus name Obama (flatworm) and in particular the invasive species Obama nungara were not named after Barack Obama. The name "Obama" in this case is a coincidence and is derived from the Tupi language (which is spoken in the same area where the flatworm was discovered) where it comes from the words "oba" ("leaf") and "ma" ("animal"), which is a reference to the body shape of species in this genus.
Miss Supranational 2019

Miss Supranational 2019 was the 11th Miss Supranational pageant. It was held on December 6, 2019, at the International Congress Centre in Katowice, Poland. Valeria Vázquez of Puerto Rico crowned Anntonia Porsild of Thailand at the end of the event.
Contestants from 77 countries and territories participated in the competition.
This edition has the most contestants in the history of Miss Supranational.
On September 12, 2019, Gerhard Parzutka von Lipinski, President of the Miss Supranational Organization, announced that the 2019 Miss Supranational Competition pageant would be held on December 6, 2019, in International Congress Center (MCK), Katowice, Silesia, Poland the competition's venue for the first year. The International Congress Centre was established in the heart of the Culture Zone, in a new and revitalized space near the iconic Spodek and other unique buildings such as the seat of the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra and the Silesian Museum.
77 contestants competed for the title.
Last competed in 2013:
Last competed in 2015:
Last competed in 2016:
Last competed in 2017:
Contestants who previously competed or will be competing at other international beauty pageants:
Charles de Gaulle (skrivagner)

Charles Jules Joseph de Gaulle (anvioù-pluenn : Charlez a Vro-C'hall, Barz Bro-C'hall) ganet e Valenciennes (Norzh, Bro-C'hall) d'an 31 a viz Genver 1837 ha marvet e Pariz d'ar 1añ a viz Genver 1880, a zo bet ur c'heltiegour, ur c'helaouenner hag ur barzh brezhonek.
Brudet eo dre m'en doa roet lañs d'ar sinadeg kentañ evit goulenn digant ar Republik c'hall ma vije savet un deskadurezh e brezhoneg hag er yezhoù rannvroel all. Eontr e oa d'un den kalz brudetoc'h, Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970), bet prezidant gouarnamant gall ha prezidant ar Republik C'hall.
Mab e oa d'an istorour Julien-Philippe de Gaulle (1801-1883) ha d'ar skrivagnerez Joséphine Maillot (1806-1886). Pa oa klañvidik ha nammet gant ar seizi abaoe e ugent vloaz e talc'has da studiañ brezhoneg ha kembraeg, met ne c'hellas ket beajiñ hag eñ rediet da chom en e goazez war e gador-vrec'h en e ranndi er straed Vaugirard, e Pariz.
Entanet e voe o lenn Barzaz Breiz hag e heulias an emsav lennegel kaset da benn gant Kervarker. Kemer a reas perzh en aozadur ar C'hendalc'h Keltiek 1857 e Sant-Brieg (Aodoù-an-Hanternoz, Breizh). Skrivañ a reas meur a bennad gallek diwar-benn ar yezhoù keltiek evit ar c'helaouennoù skiantel Revue Celtique ha Revue de Bretagne et de Vendée. Ur pennad brezhonek a savas evit Feiz ha Breiz ivez. Sekretour e voe da vBreuriez Breiz, ur gevredigezh barzhed vrezhonek. E 1870 ec'h aozas, gant Henri Gaidoz (1842-1932) ha Hyacinthe de Charencey (1832-1916), ur c'houlennadeg da vezañ kaset d'ar Vodadeg-lezenniñ.
En e brezegenn e Kemper (Penn-ar-Bed, Breizh) d'an 2 a viz C'hwevrer 1969 e tistagas ar prezidant gall Charles de Gaulle eil pevaradenn ur varzhoneg vrezhonek bet skrivet gant e eontr : Da Varzed Breiz (video).
— E Paris va c'horf zo dalc'het Med daved hoc'h nij va spered Vel al labous, a denn askel, Nij da gaout he vreudeur a bell.
Douger-nijerezioù Charles de Gaulle

Ar Charles de Gaulle zo un douger nijerezioù nukleel.
Savet eo bet e Brest. Urzhiadet eo bet gant gouarnamant Frañs d'an 7 a viz C'hwevrer 1986.
Armet eo bet d'an 28 a viz Gwengolo 2000. Implijet eo bet evit ar wech kentañ d'an 18 a viz Mae 2001, evit ur bleustradeg "Trident d'or" a-gevret gant Italia.
Bremañ e c'hell ar Charles de Gaulle kas gantañ 40 aerlestr : 30 nijerez hemolc'h Rafale Marine F3, 2 nijerez anavezadenniñ E-2C Hawkeye, 2 viñsaskell Caïman Marine (ISR & RESCO), 1 viñsaskell AS565 Panther ISR ha 2 viñsaskell AS365F Dauphin Pedro.
Peseurt armadur zo e-barzh ?
1969

Diwar-benn bloavezh 1969 an deiziadur gregorian eo ar bajenn-mañ.
Gwelet ivez : Disklêriadurioù pennadurezhioù diwar-benn ar brezhoneg.
Gwelet ivez :Rummad:Ganedigezhioù 1969
Gwelet ivez:Rummad:Marvioù 1969
Brügger & Thomet MP9

An FN P90, pe FN Project 1990, a zo ur bistolenn-vindrailher doare PDW (Personal Defense Weapon, arm emzifenn) produet gant an embregerezh suis Brügger & Thomet abaoe 2001.
Er bloavezhioù 1990 e savas an embregerezh aostrian Steyr ur bistolenn-vindrailher anvet TMP (Taktische Maschinenpistole). Ne reas ket berzh an arm, ha gwerzhet e voe e vrevedoù da Brügger & Thomet e 2001. An embregerezh suis a ouzhpennas ul lamm blegus hag ur reilh Picatinny dezhañ. Kemmet e voe sistem surentez e zraen ivez. Gwerzhet e voe adalek 2004 dindan an anv MP9, ha muioc'h a verzh a reas evit an TMP, pa vez implijet bremañ gant servijoù 'zo en un dek bro bennak, evel ar GSPR e Bro-C'hall pe an Ertzaintza, polis emren Euskal Herria.
Personal defense weapon

Ar personal defense weapon (Arm emzifenn), berraet e PDW, zo ur meizad ganet er bloavezhioù 1990 evit envel un arm-tan bihan, gouest da vezañ implijet gant un dorn hepken en ur dennañ en ur mod aotomatek, ha resis betek 150 pe 200 metr, da lavaret eo pelloc'h evit ur bistolenn-vindrailher. Rankout a ra ivez bannadelloù ur PDW bezañ galloudus a-walc'h evit treuziñ ur jiletenn enep-boledoù.
Ar PDW a oa sañset un arm a gorde gant ezhommoù soudarded an eil pe an trede linenn, pe soudarded e-bourzh karbedoù evel an tankoù. Abalamour d'an tu a zo gant armeoù ar bed da izelaat an niver a armoù disheñvel a implijont, evit aesaat ar pourveziañ hag izelaat an dispignoù, eo bet dilezet ar meizad gante. Implijet e vez ar PDW gant servijoù-gwareziñ pennoù-meur 'zo dreist-holl, evel ar Brügger & Thomet MP9 etre daouarn izili ar GSPR gall.
Armoù 'zo savet adalek an Eil Brezel-bed evel an M1 Carbine a oa tost a-walc'h ouzh ur PDW, met ne oant ket aotomatek. N'eo nemet adalek dibenn an XXvet kantved e voe gouest an embregerezhioù armoù-tan da broduiñ Personal Defense Weapons gwir.
Emmanuel Macron

Emmanuel Macron, ganet d'an 21 a viz Kerzu 1977 en Amiens, zo ur politiker gall, bet uhelgargad ha bankour a aferioù.
Goude bout bet diplomet gant an ENA e 2004 e voe enseller an Teñzor a-raok reiñ e zilez da vont da labourat d'ar bank a aferioù Rothschild & Cie. Etre 2006 ha 2009 e voe ezel eus ar strollad sokialour. E 2012 e voe anvet da sekretour-meur eiler e kuzulva prezidant ar Republik C'hall François Hollande ; e 2014 e voe fiziet ennañ ar garg a vaodiern an Armerzh, ar Greanterezh hag an Niverel e Eil gouarnamant Manuel Valls.
En Amiens, d'ar 6 a viz Ebrel 2016, e roas lañs d'e strollad politikel En Marche ! ; nebeut goude, d'an 30 a viz Eost, e kuitaas ar gouarnamant evit kemer perzh e dilennadeg prezidant Bro-C'hall, a voe dalc'het d'an 23 a viz Ebrel ha d'ar 7 a viz Mae 2017. Emmanuel Macron a zo bet tapet gant ar C'hovid-19 d'ar yaou 17 a viz Kerzu 2020.
En eil tro dilennadeg prezidant Bro-C'hall e 2017 en em gavas Emmanuel Macron hag e strollad En Marche ! e-tal Marine Le Pen, prezidantez ar strollad broadelour gall Front National. Dilennet e voe Emmanuel Macron da Brezidant ar Republik C'hall gant 66,1 % eus ar mouezhioù hogen gant 44% eus an dilennerien hepken.
Tarzhañ a ra ar brezel en Ukraina d'ar 24 a viz C'hwevrer 2022. Kemenn a ra Emmanuel Macron d'an 3 a viz Meurzh 2022 e ya war ar renk evit bezañ addilennet prezidant. Aotren a ra dezhañ ar Vonreizh ober un eil respet.
En eil tro dilennadeg prezidant ar Republik c'hall e 2022 voe Macron (58,54% eus ar mouezhioù eztaolet) addilennet a-enep Marine Le Pen (41,46% eus ar mouezhioù eztaolet).
Emmanuel Macron n'eo ket enebet ouzh ar brezhoneg met soñjal a ra e oa bet un dañjer ar yezhoù lec'hel evit ar galleg. Enebet eo ouzh adunvaniñ Breizh. E Kemper d'an 28 a viz Even 2018 e klaske kendrec'hiñ ar vretoned da votiñ evit listennoù En Marche! dre echuiñ e gaoz o embann" bevet Breizh!"
Emmanuel Macron a zo frankizour. E miz Du 2018, ez eo e-kreiz ar jeu a-fed Luskad ar jiletennoù melen. Al luskad a zo kroget goude ma vefe bet uhelaet priz an dour-tan gant ar gouarnamant hag a zo emledet war-zu un enebiezh daonet d'ar prezidant ha d'e zoare da ren ar vro.
N'en deus bugel ebet.
Inizi Markiz

Inizi Markiz (Îles Marquises ha Les Marquises e galleg, Te Fenua ‘Enata ha Te Henua Kenana e yezhoù ar vro) a zo un enezeg e Polinezia C'hall, unan eus pemp rann velestradurel an tiriad.
Spagnolek e oa an anv europek kentañ , Las islas Marquesas pa voent kavet e 1595 gant ar moraer spagnol Álvaro de Mendaña (1541-1595) hag o anvas Islas Marquesas de Mendoza en enor da vesroue Perou, García Hurtado de Mendoza y Manríquez (1535-1609), markiz Cañete.
Rannvroioù Bro-C'hall

Abaoe ar 1añ a viz Genver 2016 e vez rannet Bro-C'hall etre 18 rannvro : 13 a oa er vro-benn ha 5 tramor.
Diwar bodañ departamantoù kalz koshoc'h egeto ez eo bet savet ar rannvroioù.
D'ar 1añ a viz Genver 2016 e voe staliet aozadur nevez ar rannvroioù hervez an divizoù bet kemeret gant ar gouarnamant gall e 2015.
22 rannvro a oa en Europa, 5 rannvro tramor a oa ouzhpenn.
Georges Pompidou

Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 a viz Gouhere 1911 - 2 a viz Ebrel 1974) zo ur politikour gall. Kentañ Ministr ar jeneral De Gaulle e voe, ha war e lerc'h, eil prezidant ar Pempvet Republik C'hall (1969 - 1974).
Bet e voe kelenner agrejet war al lizhiri klasel, mestr ar rekedoù er C'huzul Stad, pennrener ar Bank Rothschild, ha goude ezel eus Kuzul ar Vonreizh eus 1959 da 1962. Dindan prezidantelezh Charles de Gaulle e voe Kentañ Ministr etre ar 14 a viz Ebrel 1962 hag an 10 a viz Gouere 1968.
Dilennet e voe da Brezidant ar Republik d'ar 15 a viz Mezheven 1969, gant 58,21 % eus ar mouezhioù, a-enep Alain Poher. Prezidant e voe adalek an 20 a viz Mezheven 1969 betek e varv d'an 2 a viz Ebrel 1974.
Argoat

Argoat (French pronunciation: [aʁɡɔat]) is the inland part of Brittany in France, in opposition to the coast, Armor. Its name is derived from Breton « ar » (next to) and « koad » (forest, wood). A literal translation would be "[the land] in front of or along the forest edge". It designates lightly wooded land or Bocage. It is a cognate of the Welsh word "Argoed".
Administrative divisions of French Polynesia

In French Polynesia, there are two levels of administrative divisions: five administrative subdivisions (French: subdivisions administratives) and 48 communes. Many of the communes are further subdivided into communes associées. The breakdown into administrative subdivisions was as a result of the law #71-1028, dated December 24, 1971. The compositions of the administrative subdivisions and the communes were defined in the decrees #72-408 and #72-407 of May 17, 1972, respectively. These subdivisions were confirmed in the decree #2005-1611 of December 20, 2005. Below are several lists of the divisions, according to different sorting schemes.
For French administrative convenience, Clipperton Island had been attached to French Polynesia until February 20, 2007, but never formed part of any administrative subdivision or commune of French Polynesia. On February 21, 2007, Clipperton Island was transferred from the High Commissioner of the republic in French Polynesia to the Minister of Overseas France.
The communes of French Polynesia have the following statistical info: The average size of French Polynesian communes is 78.06 km, while the median area is 55.4 km, higher than the average and median areas of metropolitan French communes (14.88 km and 10.73 km, respectively), but the size of these communes is predominantly dependent on the land area of the islands they occupy.
The communes of French Polynesia have the following statistical info: The average commune population is 5,725, while the median is 2,268, much higher than the average and median metropolitan French commune (1,542 and 380, respectively).
Sources :
Department (administrative division)

A department (French: département, Spanish: departamento) is an administrative or political division in several countries. Departments are the first-level divisions of 11 countries, nine in the Americas and two in Africa. An additional 10 countries use departments as second-level divisions, eight in Africa, and one each in the Americas and Europe.
As a territorial entity, "department" was first used by the French Revolutionary governments, apparently to emphasize that each territory was simply an administrative sub-division of the united sovereign nation. (The term "department", in other contexts, means an administrative sub-division of a larger organization.) This attempt to de-emphasize local political identity contrasts strongly with countries divided into "states" (implying local sovereignty).
The division of France into departments was a project particularly identified with the French revolutionary leader the Abbé Sieyès, although it had already been frequently discussed and written about by many politicians and thinkers. The earliest known suggestion of it is from 1764 in the writings of d'Argenson.
Today, departments may exist either with or without a representative assembly and executive head depending upon the countries' constitutional and administrative structure.
*All provinces except Buenos Aires province.
Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities

The Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities (French: Ministre du Logement, de l'Infrastructure et des Collectivités) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the development of Canada's infrastructure. Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada and the Canada Infrastructure Bank report directly to the Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities.
From 2006 to 2013, infrastructure and communities was the responsibility of the Minister of Transport, which was informally styled Minister of Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities. From 2013 to 2015, infrastructure and communities was the responsibility of the Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, then styled Minister of Infrastructure, Communities and Intergovernmental Affairs. (Technically, the portfolios of infrastructure and intergovernmental affairs were both the responsibility of the President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada). From 2015 to 2021, during the 29th Canadian Ministry, the portfolio was assigned its own ministry. From 2021 to 2023, during the 29th Canadian Ministry, the portfolio was given back to the Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs. However, the portfolio was assigned its own ministry in 2023, and the housing portfolio was also merged into this ministry, styled as Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities, with Sean Fraser as the minister.
Key:
Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure

The Ministry of Sustainable Development and Infrastructure (French: Ministère du Développement durable et des Infrastructures) (German: Ministerium für nachhaltige Entwicklung und Infrastruktur) was a ministry of the Government of Luxembourg. Its head office was in the City of Luxembourg.
It was created on 23 July 2009 as the product of a merger between the positions of Ministry for the Environment, Ministry for Public Works, and Ministry for Transport. The Bettel I Government changed the composition and leadership. While still one ministry, it had two ministers: François Bausch for Sustainable Development and Infrastructure and Carole Dieschbourg for the Environment. Additionally, Camille Gira acted as Secretary of State for Sustainable Development and Infrastructure. The portfolio of Water resource management with its respective administration, formerly under the Interior Ministry, became part of the ministry.
In 2018, the ministry was renamed Ministry of Mobility and Public Works, the Ministry of the Environment became a standalone ministry again, called Ministry of Environment, Climate and Sustainable Development, and while the Department of Spatial Planning became part of the new Ministry of Energy and Spatial Planning.
The ministry included several departments:
The Public Procurement Directorate within the Public Works Department is responsible for the regulatory framework for public procurement, drafting relevant legislation and monitoring its implementation, and also for representing the Luxembourgish authorities in the field of public procurement.
During the Bettel I government, the ministry was organized as following: