Star Trek

Star Trek (Perjalanan Jauh Bintang) adalah siri cereka sains dari Amerika Syarikat. Alam semesta dalam Star Trek dicipta oleh Gene Roddenberry ialah tempatnya untuk enam siri televisyen termasuklah 1966 Star Trek, dan sepuluh filem-filem (dengan filem ke-11 dalam pra-penghasilan), banyak permainan komputer dan video, novel-novel dan cerita peminat yang lain-lain, dan taman tema di Las Vegas. Siri televisyen pula menjadi salah satu daripada fenomena yang terbesar pada zaman moden ini.
Dalam "alam semesta" Star Trek, manusia memajukan penerokaan angkasa lepas paling cepat daripada cahaya selepas Perang Dunia Ketiga pada tengah abad ke-21. Kemudiannya, manusia bersatu dengan spesies makhluk-makhluk yang dapat merasa dalam galaksi untuk membentukkan Persekutuan Planet-Planet Bersatu. Akibat daripada campur tangan dan sains makhluk, manusia mengatasi banyak kelemahan yang terikat pada Bumi dan maksiat pada abad ke-23. Cerita-cerita Star Trek biasanya menggambarkan pengembaraan orang manusia dan makhluk-makhluk asing yang bekerja dalam Armada Bintang Persekutuan.
Protagonis-protagonist adalah asasnya altruis yang unggulnya adalah kadang kala dikaitkan secara tidak sempurna kepada keadaan serba salah ditunjukkan dalam siri sahaja. Konflik dan matra politik Star Trek membentukkan allegori untuk realiti kebudayaan sezaman; siri televisyen asal Star Trek mengkemukakan isu-isu 1960-an, seperti keluaran sampingan kemudiannya yang telah merenungkan isu-isu zaman masing-masing. Isu yang digambarkan dalam siri-siri berlainan termaskulah peperangan dan keamanan, autoritorianisme, imperialisme, perang kelas, rasisme, hak asasi manusia, seksisme dan feminisme, dan peranan teknologi.
Star Trek berasal sebagai siri televisyen pada tahun 1966, walaupun ia yang telah dalam perancangan selama enam tahun sebelumnya. Walaupun The Original Series yang dibatalkan selepas musim ketiga kerana pengkadaran rendah, ia telah digunakan sebagai penubuhan untuk lima siri televisyen Star Trek tambahan. Semuanya, tujuh siri-siri mempunyai jumlah 726 episod-episod dan sepuluh filem-filem (dengan filem ke-11 dalam kerja-kerja) menyeberangi dua puluh dua musim-musim televisyen (dua puluh sembilan, jika satu berbilangkan musim berbeza yang dijalankan secara serentak), ia seterusnya menjadi siri cereka sains yang paling prolifik kedua dalam sejarah selepas Doctor Who. Sekarang, empat siri yang baru disiarkan di Malaysia melalui saluran-saluran televisyen seperti Cinemax dan STAR World di Astro. Lihat Perbandingan panjang filem dan siri televisyen sains fiskyen untuk perbandingan panjang siri.
Kemunculan Star Trek buat pertama kalinya di dalam Amerika Syarikat di atas NBC pada 8 September 1966. Siri itu, membintangi William Shatner sebagai Captain James T. Kirk, menceritakan kisah krew di atas kapal bintang Enterprise dan misi lima tahun krew "untuk pergi ke mana tiada orang yang pergi sebelum itu." Dalam dua musim-musimnya yang pertama, ia yang dicalonkan untuk Anugerah Emmy sebagai Best Dramatic Series. Selepas tiga musim-musim, however, siri yang dibatalkan dan episod terakhir disiarkan pada 3 June 1969. Siri ini kemudiannya menjadi popular dalam mengulang tayang dalam TV dan kultus berikut diwujudkan, dilengkapi dengan konvensi peminat. Asalnya sentiasa disiarkan sebagai Star Trek, ia yang dalam tahun baru-baru menjadi terkenal sebagai Star Trek: The Original Series atau sebagai Classic Trek (Trek Klasik) — retronim yang membezakannya daripada susulan dan francais sebagai penuh. Semua filem dan siri televisyen berikutnya, kecuali siri animasi 1970-an, mempunyai tajuk-tajuk sekunder dimasukkan sebagai bahagian daripada nama-nama rasminya. Pengeluaran semula siri ini dimulakan pada September 2006 dengan penambahan CGI sebagai edisi "Remastered" definisi tinggi. Musim Star Trek pertama itu juga dimuat turun daripada Kedai iTunes Apple. Episodes are offered in their original broadcast forms. Additionally, all of the first-season episodes that have been remastered are available. The iTunes Store is the only source for unedited, full-length remastered episodes. The remastered episodes currently air in syndication while the originals appear on TV Land, MyNetworkTV channel, G4 (TV channel), Sci Fi in Australia, The Sci-Fi Channel in the UK and, additionally, on BBC2 in the UK, although these broadcasts are infrequent and irregular.
Star Trek: The Animated Series was produced by Filmation and ran for two seasons. Most of the original cast performed the voices of their characters from The Original Series, and many of the original series' writers, like DC Fontana, wrote for the series. While the animated format allowed larger and more exotic alien landscapes and lifeforms, animation and soundtrack quality, with the liberal reuse of shots and musical cues as well as occasional animation errors, has detracted from the reputation of the series. Although originally sanctioned by Paramount (who became the owners of the Star Trek franchise following its acquisition of Desilu in 1967), Roddenberry forced Paramount to stop considering the series canon. Even so, elements of the animated series have been used by writers in later live-action series and movies (e.g. Kirk's middle name, Tiberius, made official in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country). TAS came back to television in the mid-1980s on the children's cable network Nickelodeon, and in the early 1990s on cable network Sci-Fi Channel and was released to DVD in 2006.
Star Trek: Phase II yang telah ditetapkan untuk disiarkan pada tahun 1978 sebagai siri kemegahan bagi rangkaian televisyen Paramount yang dicadangkan, dan 12 skrip-skrip episod yang dikarangkan sebelum penerbitan dijangka untuk bermula. The series would have put most of the original crew back aboard the Enterprise for a second five-year mission, except for Leonard Nimoy as Spock, who did not agree to return. A younger, full-blooded Vulcan named Xon was planned as a replacement, although it was still hoped that Nimoy would make guest appearances. Sets were constructed and several minutes of test footage were filmed. However, the risks of launching a fourth network and the popularity of the then-recently released film Star Wars led Paramount to make a Star Trek film instead of a weekly television series. The first script of this aborted series formed the basis of Star Trek: The Motion Picture, while three others were eventually adapted as episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
Star Trek: The Next Generation is set nearly a century after The Original Series and features a new starship, the Enterprise-D, and a new crew led by Captain Jean-Luc Picard, played by Patrick Stewart. It also features the first Klingon in Starfleet, Worf. The show premiered on September 28, 1987 and ran for seven seasons, ending on May 23, 1994. The Next Generation had the highest ratings of all the Star Trek series and was the #1 syndicated show during the last few years of its original run. It was nominated for an Emmy for Best Dramatic Series during its final season. It also received a Peabody Award for Outstanding Television Programming. The series currently airs on TV6 in Sweden, SBS NET in Denmark, Sky One in the UK, Sci Fi in Australia, SIC Radical in Portugal, Space: The Imagination Station in Canada, as well as G4 and Spike TV in the United States.
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine is set during the same timeframe as The Next Generation and ran for seven seasons, debuting in 1993. It is the only Star Trek series to take place primarily on a space station, rather than aboard a starship. The show chronicles the events of the station's crew, led by Commander (later Captain) Benjamin Sisko, played by Avery Brooks, living on the Cardassian-built Bajoran spacestation Deep Space Nine, near a uniquely stable wormhole that provides immediate access to the distant Gamma Quadrant. Recurring plots include the repercussions of the lengthy and brutal Cardassian Occupation of Bajor, Sisko's unique spiritual role for the Bajorans as the Emissary of the Prophets and a war with the Dominion. Deep Space Nine stands apart from other Trek series for its lengthy serialized storytelling and conflict within the crew — both of which were elements that Roddenberry had forbidden in earlier Trek programs. The series currently airs on Spike TV in the United States and Virgin 1 in the UK.
Star Trek: Voyager was produced for seven seasons from 1995 to 2001 and is the only Star Trek series to feature a woman as the commanding officer: Captain Kathryn Janeway, played by Kate Mulgrew. Voyager takes place at about the same time as Deep Space Nine. The series' pilot shows the USS Voyager and its crew stranded in the Delta Quadrant, 70,000 light years from Earth. Faced with a 70-year voyage to Earth, the crew must avoid conflict and defeat challenges on its long and perilous journey home. Like Deep Space Nine, early seasons of Voyager feature greater conflict between its crew than is seen in earlier shows, as a large contingent of the crew is made of up of Maquis fugitives forced by circumstance to cooperate with Starfleet, which is probably like the uneasy truce between the Federation and the Klingons as shown in The Next Generation. Eventually, though, they settle their differences, after which it becomes more reminiscent of The Original Series. Voyager is originally isolated from many of the familiar aspects and races of the Star Trek franchise, barring those few represented on the crew. This allowed for the creation of new races and original plot lines within the series. Later seasons, however, brought an influx of characters and races from prior shows, such as the Borg, Q, the Ferengi, Romulans, Klingons, Cardassians and even multiple instances where members of the Next Generation crew appear in the series. The series is currently airing on Space: The Imagination Station in Canada, Spike TV in the United States, and Sky One in the United Kingdom. The first season is also available on the iTunes Store.
Star Trek: Enterprise (originally aired as "Enterprise"), produced from 2001–2005, is a prequel to the other Star Trek series. The pilot episode takes place ten years before the founding of the Federation and over one hundred years before the original Star Trek series . The series depicts the exploration of space by the crew of the Earth starship Enterprise. Commanded by Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula), Enterprise is able to go farther and faster than any human vessel had previously gone. Enterprise shows the origins of several features that would become common in the sequel series, such as the inventing of new technologies and first contact with species such as the Klingons. For the first two seasons, Enterprise is episodic, like the original series and The Next Generation. During the third and fourth seasons, the series uses story arcs spanning several episodes at a time. Ratings for Enterprise started strong, but declined rapidly. The show continued to lose ratings during the third season, and Paramount canceled the show in early 2005. It currently airs on HDNet, Sky Two, Space: The Imagination Station and Sci Fi Channel. The first season is also available on the iTunes Store.
Unggulan yang ditawarkan oleh siri-siri dan kualiti rancangan yang telah dikritikkan oleh sesuatu pengulas-pengulas sosial, ahli-ahli sosiologi, ahli-ahli politik, peminat-peminat, dan pelakon yang bermain watak-watak di dalam siri tersebut.
Banyak peminat-peminat fans menegaskan bahawa francais Star Trek, terutamanya selepas kematian Roddenberry pada 1991, yang merosot dan telah sampai nadir. Penurunan tontonan Star Trek: Deep Space Nine dan Star Trek: Voyager, pencapaian Star Trek: Nemesis lemah, dan pemegangan Star Trek: Enterprise pendek membawa penurunan kepopularan. Seseorang menegaskan bahawa banyak penjelmaan adalah berungkapan tetap, berulang-ulangan, tidak berapa baik, dan sekali-sekali tidak selanjar.
Kemerosotan ini berpunca daripada fenomena Bermaga oleh seseorang lain — istilah dicipta oleh "Keckler" di Television Without Pity daripada nama-nama staf penerbitan Star Trek Rick Berman dan Brannon Braga. Perkataan ini yang telah digunakan oleh peminat-peminat dan, dengan paling ketara, pelakon Jolene Blalock (T'Pol di Enterprise) untuk menjelaskan rasa meluat dengan kumpulan pengarang Berman/Braga, yang kerja-kerja mereka telah dipandang rendah, berbanding dengan cerita-cerita Roddenberry dan teman-teman terus dibenarkan untuk diterbitkan.
Even though some of the scientific ideas and technologies depicted in the Star Trek shows are plausible, and some have even been realized, Star Trek has been criticized for promoting pseudosciences like superluminal travel. While the possibility of superluminal travel is not entirely outside the scope of modern theoretical physics, the warp drive of Star Trek is widely regarded as a false concept touted as a genuine possibility.
It has been alleged by Dr. Kelly L. Ross of the Department of Philosophy, Los Angeles Valley College, that Star Trek portrays a society that is based on communist or fascist values. Other commentators such as British journalist Patrick West opine that it promotes a liberal form of imperialism, with persistent violations of the "Prime Directive" being depicted throughout the stories. These have refused to accept the possibility that there may be other rationales for such "cultural contaminations."
Kerja rujukan major tentang produksi dan pengaruh siri termasuklah: