davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Ringedalsvatnet

Ringedalsvatnet is a lake in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 7-square-kilometre (2.7 sq mi) lake sits just east of the village of Skjeggedal and about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) east (up the valley) from the village of Tyssedal, which sits on the shore of the Sørfjorden. The lake is the main reservoir for a hydroelectric power station in Tyssedal which provides electricity for the power intensive industries in the nearby town of Odda. The 521-metre (1,709 ft) wide and 33-metre (108 ft) high Ringedals Dam was constructed from 1910–1918.
Due to the extensive regulation of the nearby lakes such as Langavatnet and Nybuvatnet in the mountains above this lake, several of the large waterfalls that once fed Ringedalsvatnet are no longer regularly flowing. The Tyssestrengene and Ringedalsfossen waterfalls were once very notable waterfalls on the cliffs surrounding this lake. The Trolltunga cliff overlooks this lake too, attracting many tourists and hikers each year.
List of English words of Old Norse origin

Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation of eastern and northern England between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also Danelaw). Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as egg or knife. There are hundreds of such words, and the list below does not aim at completeness.
To be distinguished from loan words which date back to the Old English period are modern Old Norse loans originating in the context of Old Norse philology, such as kenning (1871), and loans from modern Icelandic (such as geyser, 1781). Yet another class comprises loans from Old Norse into Old French, which via Anglo-Norman were then indirectly loaned into Middle English; an example is flâneur, via French from the Old Norse verb flana "to wander aimlessly".
Tyssedal

Tyssedal is a village in Ullensvang municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the shore of the Sørfjorden about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the town of Odda. Tyssedal is located in an environment in a valley between the fjord to the west and the mountains leading up to the Hardangervidda mountain plateau to the east.
Tyssedal Church is located in this village. The lake Ringedalsvatnet and the Trolltunga cliff are located just to the east, higher up in the valley.
The 0.61-square-kilometre (150-acre) village has a population (2019) of 601 and a population density of 985 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,550/sq mi).
Tyssedal is a typical monotown, depending upon the energy received from the hydropower station. The first hydropower station in Tyssedal, Tysso I, is today part of the Norwegian Museum of Hydropower and Industry.
The ilmenite smelter "Tinfos Titan and Iron" (TTI) (once owned by Tinfos, to Wikipedians known as the Eramet Titanium & Iron plant) is located here and is the largest employer in the village. The smelter was converted from making aluminium in the late 1980s. Tyssedal grew up around this smelter in the early-twentieth century.
Tyssedal drew migrants from different parts of Norway, who spoke different Norwegian dialects. From these there developed a compromise dialect, what linguists call a koiné language. Tyssedal and the nearby town of Odda—which arose in the same time and socio-economic circumstances but from a more homogeneous population—provided valuable insights to linguists studying this phenomenon.
Professor Paul Kerswill conducted an intensive study of the Norwegian spoken in the two communities, relating them to very different geographical origins: The workers in Odda came predominantly (86%) from western Norway. In Tyssedal only about one third came from western Norway; one third came from eastern Norway; and the rest from other parts of the country. The dialects that evolved in these two communities were radically different from each other, though spoken at a short geographical distance from each other.
Tarian Zapin Lenga

TARIAN ZAPIN LENGA
Tarian Zapin Lenga adalah satu-satunya repertoire Zapin Melayu Johor yang paling tua berjaya dikesan di Negeri Johor. Bentuk persembahan Zapin Lenga juga dianggap sebagai prototaip kepada Zapin Melayu Johor, sifat ' Archaic ' dari sudut pergerakan tari dan muzik jelas kelihatan pada gaya penari lelaki dan melodi muzik pengiring. Keistimewaaan Zapin Lenga dari sudut sejarah perkembangan seni Zapin Melayu di Johor ialah kemungkinan besar tradisi tersebut telah diwarisi dari Kerajaan Melayu Melaka setelah Melaka ditawan oleh Portugis pada tahun 1511.
Lenga dan kawasan Pagoh merupakan daerah berburu Raja-raja Melaka dan di sana juga tempatnya Sultan Melaka melarikan diri sewaktu Melaka diserang Portugis.Pada hari ini, tarian Zapin Lenga tidak lagi menjadi tradisi kesenian yang popular seperti pada zaman dahulu kerana kebanyakkan daripada pewaris-pewaris tua telah pun kembali ke rahmatullah. Tradisi ini juga telah berubah dan bentuknya yang asal kerana adanya penglibatan penari-penari wanita yang pada suatu masa dahulu tidak dibolehkan menarikan tarian zapin Lenga dikhalayak ramai. Zapin Lenga ini mempunyai 6 Langkah atau Ragam iaitu Langkah 1, langkah 2, langkah 3, langkah 4, langkah 5 dan langkah 6. Zapin lenga ini lebih kepada kelembutan dan kemanisan para penari serta lebih ayu ditarikan oleh penari zapin wanita. Namun tarian Zapin Lenga di Bandar Tenggara telah kurang diwarisi oleh mereka yang muda belia. Sebaliknya warisan ini diwarisi generasi yang lebih muda iaitu kanak-kanak Taska. Walaupun begitu, sejarah Zapin Lenga ini masih menjadi sebutan kerana beliawanis-beliawanis yang ada kini hanyalah berlatih untuk kepuasan dan bukan untuk dipertandingkan.
Tarian Zapin Johor

Tarian Zapin Johor merupakan sejenis tarian rakyat Melayu tradisional. Tarian Zapin ini dipercayai berasal dari Tanah Arab yang gerakannya adalah cepat dan tidak banyak gerakan bunga tarinya. Tarian ini popular pada tahun lima puluhan (50an) dan enam puluhan (60an). Tarian Zapin Johor dikenali dalam dua bentuk iaitu Zapin Melayu dan Zapin Arab. Kedua-dua tarian ini memperlihatkan perbezaaan dari segi unsur peradaptasiannya. Secara realitinya, kedua-dua genre zapin itu berasal daripada satu keseniaan masyarakat Arab yang dibawa dari Hadramaut.
Di Johor, Malaysia, tarian Zapin yang sudah diterima sebagai seni yang berunsur Islam dan berfungsi sebagai hiburan sama ada pada upacara-upacara sekular mahupun pada sambutan hari-hari kebesaran. Namun dari segi kelembutan dan kehalusan tradisi tarian itu sendiri, Zapin Melayu Johor walaupun lahir daripada adaptasi yang dilakukan ke atas Zapin Arab secara selektif namun tidak dapat disangkal lagi tarian zapin ini memperlihatkan lebih kehalusan dan keayuan geraknya dari Tarian Zapin Arab.
Satu hal yang menarik mengenai tarian Zapin Johor ialah keupayaan mewujudkan rasa persaudaraan penari dan pemuzik serta sifat esprit de corps yang dapat dimunculkan sesama mereka sekali gus mematahkan rasa malu penari-penari apabila menari di khalayak ramai. Secara simbolik gerak tari zapin ini menampakkan kepentingan usaha bersama dan bukannya usaha individu di samping meminggirkan persaingan antara pemain dalam kumpulan mahupun antara kumpulan. Jika ditinjau daripada perspektif inilah,maka keunikan dan keistimewaan tarian Zapin Johor amat terserlah.
Tarian Zapin Pekan

Tarian Zapin Pekan merupakan sejenis tarian rakyat Melayu traditional. Tarian Zapin yang asal dipercayai berasal dari Tanah Arab yang geraknya adalah cepat dan tidak banyak gerak bunga tarinya. Zapin Pekan dipercayai telah diperkenalkan di sekitar daerah Pekan oleh seorang tukang songkok yang berasal dari Sumatera bernama Adam pada tahun 1930-an. Tarian zapin bercorak tarian persembahan atau pertunjukan. Gerak tarinya berasaskan kepada langkah kaki2 penari. Sungguhpun tarian ini berasal dari Arab-Parsi, namun dari segi pakaian penari2 memakai pakaian Melayu selengkapnya.
Tarian ni ada tiga peringkat. Peringkat pertama, permulaan tarian atau pembukaan tarian. Peringkat kedua ialah pecahan atau gerak serta lenggang tari dan peringkat ketiga merupakan peringkat akhir iaitu sebagai penutup tarian.
Zapin begitu popular pada tahun-tahun lima puluhan dan enam puluhan di daerah Pekan terutamanya di Kampung Tanjung Gemuk dan Kampung Lamir. Tarian zapin biasanya ditarikan dalam majlis-majlis perkahwinan dan majlis keramaian. Anak-anak muda menjadi penggiat utama dalam tarian zapin ini kerana mereka mempunyai tenaga dan keupayaan menari dalam rentak yang cepat.
Alat muzik utama yang digunakan dalam tarian ini ialah gambus, rebana, gendang dan marakas.Anatara lagu2 berirama asli yang didendangkan mengikut irama zapin ialah lagu2 Lancang Kuning, Zapin Asli, Gendang Rebana dan lain2 lagi.
Seorang pemuzik bernama Tengku Mansor, telah mengambil inisiatif mencipta lagu-lagu sebagai pengiring kepada muzik dan tarian zapin. Antara lagu-lagu yang dicipta ialah Ya Salam, Yale-yale, Tanjung Serindit, Sri Pekan, Lanchang Kuning, Gambus Palembang, Lancang Daik. Lagu-lagu ini dinyanyikan oleh isteri beliau Cik Norlia yang berasal dari Singapura.
Gandar Wahid

Tuanku Panglima Gandar Wahid merupakan pemerintah kelima Kesultanan Deli, memerintah dari tahun 1761 hingga 1805. Baginda adalah anak kepada Tuanku Panglima Pasutan, pemerintah keempat Deli, yang kini mejadi sebahagian daripada Kabupaten Deli Serdang di Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
Semasa pemerintahan Gandar Wahid, kedudukan Datuk Empat Suku (Karo: Raja Urung, iaitu pemimpin suku Karo) menjadi lebih mantap sebagai wakil sultan kepada rakyat. Meneruskan sistem kepimpinan sebelumnya, baginda mengekalkan penerapan hukum Islam (kanun) dalam pentadbirannya. Walaupun sebahagian daripada wilayah Deli telah memisahkan diri untuk membentuk Kesultanan Serdang, baginda berusaha untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat yang masih berada dalam wilayahnya dan mengekalkan hubungan kemasyarakatan yang baik dengan mereka. Juga semasa pemerintahannya, tarian rakyat Zapin Labuhan dikembangkan, mencerminkan pertumbuhan budaya Melayu Deli pada zamannya.
Pemerintahan Gandar Wahid diteruskan oleh anak ketiganya, Amaluddin Mangendar Alam. Makam baginda terletak di perkarangan Masjid Raya Al-Osmani di Medan.
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Kelana

Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Kelana (NBA4020) merupakan salah sebuah Sekolah Gred A Bandar yang terletak di tengah-tengah pusat bandaraya Seremban.
Motto sekolah ialah "KELANARIAN FLY HIGH'
Senarai Pengurusan Sekolah:
Guru Besar: MOHD AZHAR BIN ABU ZARIN
PK Pentadbiran: JULIYA BINTI HAPIDO
PK HEM: ROSNISAM BIN DAHLAN
PK KOKURIKULUM : NORITA BINTI MIHAT
PK Petang: NOR AZLINA BINTI ISA
PKPK: WAN ZAWAWI BIN WAN ALI
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Kelana atau nama ringkasnya SK Seri Kelana (SKSK), merupakan sebuah Sekolah kebangsaan yang terletak di Jalan Dato Siamang Gagap. Sekolah ini telah ditubuhkan pada 29 Jun 1952 dengan nama ' THE CENTRAL MALAY SCHOOL '. Bilangan murid ketika itu seramai 280 orang, 160 lelaki 120 perempuan dari darjah Empat hingga darjah Tujuh. Pada ketika itu sekolah ini hanya mempunyai 11 orang guru termasuk seorang Guru Besar dan seorang Guru Penolong Kanan.
Sekolah ini juga dahulunya dikenali sebagai Sekolah Kebangsaan Channer Road. Pada tahun 1999, nama sekolah ini telah ditukar ke Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Kelana. Nama sekolah diambil sempena daripada gelaran yang diberikan kepada Undang Luak Sungai Ujung iaitu DATO' KELANA. Dari Dato' Kelana Undang Luak Suangai Ujunglah nama SERI KELANA diabdikan sebagai nama sekolah ini. SKSK adalah salah satu dari 6 buah Sekolah Kebangsaan yang terbesar di Daerah Seremban N.Sembilan dan telah dinaikkan ketaraf Gred A pada 1987. Pada 2009, Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Kelana memiliki 566 pelajar lelaki dan 476 pelajar perempuan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan murid seramai 1042 orang. Ia mempunyai seramai 63 orang guru. Mulai Tahun 2020, SK Seri Kelana telah melaksanakan dua sesi persekolahan disebabkan pertambahan murid yang mendadak dan ini bagi memastikan semua murid mendapat kemudahan persekolah yang lebih baik.
Menginjak ke usia 68 tahun kewujudan Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Kelana, sekolah ini telah diterajui oleh 21 orang guru besar iaitu bermula degan En. Mohd Nor Bin Abdul Hamid, En. Ahmad Bin Haji Ali, En. Udin Bin Haji Akin, En. Mansor bin Katas, En. Abbas Bin Ahmad, En. Ramathan bin Maarof, En. Abbas bin Ahmad, En. Jantan Bin Mahmud, En. Zainal bin Habib, En. Jalil bin Ibrahim, En.Ramly bin Othman, En. Mohd nor bin Sani, En. Zainal bin Ismail, Puan Noreha Binti Adam, Puan Norlida binti Ayob, Puan hajah Jamaliah Bt Hj. Daud, Puan Rokiah bt Hj. Mahat, Puan Fuziah Binti Abdul Malek, Puan Hajah Alina binti Othman, Puan Zainab binti Zainal yang telah berpencen. Guru Besar SK Seri Kelana ialah En. Amir Fikri Bin Ithnin bermula pada 21 Mei 2018 untuk pertukaran setaranya kali kedua sebagai Guru Besar dari SK Kampong Batu, Rembau. Pada 23 Jun 2022, SKSK menerima Guru Besar yang baru iaitu En. Mohd Azhar bin Zarin yang berkhidmat sehingga kini.
Badan Unit Beruniform
1.Persatuan Puteri Islam Malaysia (PPIM)
2.Persatuan Pandu Puteri Malaysia
3.Pengakap
4.Tunas Kadet Remaja Sekolah
5. Persatuan Bulan Sabit Merah Malaysia (PBSMM)
Main Zapin

Main Zapin adalah boleh difahami sebagai bentuk tradisi menarikan tarian zapin. Pengamalan main zapin boleh difahami dalam dua bentuk: (a) tari/tarian dan (b) acara tarian. Main Zapin adalah sangat signifikan dalam konteks budaya masyarakat Melayu, terutamanya di Johor, Malaysia. Dalam bentuk tari, Ia dicirikan oleh pergerakannya berirama, koreografi yang kompleks, dan interaksi sesama penari dan pemuzik. Dalam bentuk acara tarian, Main Zapin berfungsi sebagai platform penyatuan yang membawa bersama-sama penari, pemuzik, dan masyarakat ke dalam satu perhimpunan meriah dan komunal. Ia memupuk pengalaman kebersamaan di kalangan peserta dan penonton, serta memberi apresiasi terdahap tari dan muzik Zapin.
Di Johor, Malaysia, terdapat sebuah organisasi bukan kerajaan (Non-Governmental Organization) yang giat melestarikan zapin dalam bentuk permainan zapin secara tradisi. Organisasi ini dikenali dengan nama Persatuan Zapin Muar Johor (PERZIM).
Contoh persembahan seperti ini adalah termasuk:
Batu Pahat Mall

Batu Pahat Mall (BP Mall) is a shopping mall in Batu Pahat Town, Batu Pahat District, Johor, Malaysia. The mall is located at Federal Route 50.
The shopping mall consists of 260 retail outlets, most notably POPULAR Bookstores, a bookshop owned by Popular Holdings. The residents of Batu Pahat also frequently visit Paragon Cinemas, one of the two cinemas in the city, the other being MBO Cinemas in the nearby Square One Shopping Mall. The Capcom Station Arcade is where the younger generations often go to.
Batu Pahat Mall, or more commonly known as BP Mall, is a popular hangout spot for the residents of Batu Pahat. Its abundance of shopping outlets and entertainment sources are what attracts the people of Batu Pahat to frequently visit.
The shopping mall is accessible by Causeway Link route 8 from Ayer Hitam to Batu Pahat Town.
Poh Siew Wah

Poh Siew Wah is a Singaporean artist known for his powerful abstract expressionistic styled paintings themed to Singapore and Southeast Asian landscapes. His Rhythmic Exuberance series of paintings also form the main theme for the interiors of the Farrer Park MRT station.
Born in Singapore, Poh first received his art education in Gan Eng Seng Secondary School where he was taught by his teachers, artist S. Namasivayam and Yeong Ah Soo, both encouraging the young Poh to experiment with various art mediums. In 1967, Poh entered the Teacher's Training College, majoring in art education. Even then, this earnestness to experiment in his art-making followed him through College, which opened up his mind to newer techniques and ideas in art. Poh graduated from the college in 1970 and taught art with various schools in Singapore.
Poh is a self-taught artist and inspired by works of the Impressionists and Cubism, which led him to develop his unique style exploring ideas about nature. His major influence came from the works by Spanish artist Antoni Tàpies and helped to embark Poh's personal journey into abstract art and free-form expression works of art in ink.
Loser (hand gesture)

The loser is a hand gesture made by extending the right thumb and index fingers, leaving the other fingers closed to create the letter L, interpreted as "loser", and generally given as a demeaning sign. Sometimes this is accompanied by raising the hand to the giver's forehead.
The gesture was popular in the 1990s, partly popularized by the 1994 movie Ace Ventura: Pet Detective.
In Brazil, the "L" is the political symbol of voting in Lula da Silva for president. Also, in Brazil, Germán Cano, soccer player from Fluminense, use the L to commemorate when he scores a goal.
Also in Brazil, an "L" handsign is used for cheering for Brazilian e-sports players from LOUD organization (e.g. during "VCT 2023: LOCK // IN" event in São Paulo).
දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතය

දළ දේශීය නිෂ්පාදිතය (gross domestic product, GDP) යනු වසරක කාලයක් තුල රටක නිෂ්පාදනය වන භාණ්ඩ හා සේවා වල මූල්‍යමය වටිනාකමයි. එනම් කිසියම් කාල සිමාවකදි යම් නිශ්චිත භූගෝලීය ප්‍රදෙශයක් තුල නිශ්පාදනය කෙරෙන අවසාන භාණ්ඩ හා සේවා වල වටිනාකමයි
වන්වර්ල්ඩ්

වන්වර්ල්ඩ් (Oneworld) යනු 1999 වර්ෂයේ පෙබරවාරි 1 වැනිදා පිහිටුවා ගන්නා ලද, ගුවන්ගමන් සේවා සන්ධානයකි. ලෝකයේ ප්‍රධාන ගුවන්සේවා සන්ධාන හතර අතුරින්, නිතර ජාත්‍යන්තර සංචරණයේ යෙදෙන්නන්ගේ පළමු තේරීම බවට පත්වීම, මෙම ගුවන් සේවා සන්ධානයේ ප්‍රධාන අරමුණයි. මෙහි මධ්‍යම සන්ධාන කාර්යාලය ඇමරිකාවේ නිව්යෝර්ක් වල, නිව්යෝර්ක් සිටි හී පිහිටුවා තිබෙයි. මෙම සන්ධානයේ වර්ථමාන සාමාජිකයින් වන්නේ එයාර් බර්ලින්, ඇමරිකන් එයාර්ලයින්ස්, බ්‍රිටිෂ් එයාර්වේස්, කැතේ පැසිෆික්, ෆින්එයාර්, Iberia, ජැපෑන් එයාර්ලයින්ස්, LAN එයාර්ලයින්ස්, මැලේසියා එයාර්ලයින්ස්, Qantas, කටාර් එයාර්වේස්, රෝයල් ජෝර්දානියන්, S7 එයාර්ලයින්ස්, TAM එයාර්ලයින්ස් සහ ශ්‍රීලංකන් එයාර්ලයින්ස් ඇතුළු ඊට අනුබද්ධ තවත් උප ගුවන් සේවා 30 ක පමණ ප්‍රමාණයකි. 2014 මාර්තු 31 වනදා වන විට වන්වර්ල්ඩ් ගුවන් සන්ධානය, ගුවන්මගීන් මිලියන 496.4 කට පමණ සේවාව සපයන ලද ලොව තුන්වන ප්‍රධාන ගුවන් සේවාව බවට පත්විය (ස්ටාර් අලියන්ස් (මිලියන 637.6) සහ ස්කයි ටීම් (මිලියන 588) වලින් පසු.). වන්වර්ල්ඩ් හී ආදර්ශපාඨය වන්නේ, "ඇන් අලියන්ස් ඔෆ් ද වර්ල්ඩ්'ස් ලීඩින් එයාර්ලයින්ස් වර්කින් ඈස් වන් (ලෝකයේ ප්‍රමුඛතම ගුවන් සේවාවන්, එකෙකු මෙන් වැඩකරන සන්ධානයක්)" යන්නයි.
2013 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මස වන විට සන්ධානයේ සාමාජික ගුවන්සේවා විසින්, සාමූහික වශයෙන් යානා 3,300 ක පමණ ප්‍රමාණයක් හසුරුවා තිබූ අතර, 150 කට වැඩි රටවල් ප්‍රමාණයක ගුවන්තොටුපල දහසකට පමණ සිය සේවාවන් සපයා තුබුණි. මීට අමතරව දෛනික පිටත්වීම් 14,000 ක ප්‍රමාණයක් මගින්, ගුවන් මගීන් මිලියන 475 ක පමණ පිරිසක් ප්‍රවාහනය කොට, ඉන් වාර්ෂිකව අමෙරිකා ඩොලර් බිලියන 140 කට වඩා වැඩි සමස්ථ ආදායම් ප්‍රමාණයක්, වන්වර්ල්ඩ් ගුවන්සේවා සන්ධානයේ සාමාජිකයින් විසින් උපයා ගෙන තිබුණි.
ආරම්භක සාමාජිකයින්
මූල්‍යමය අර්බුධයකට ලක්වීම නිසා සිය මෙහෙයුම් 2010 අගා්ස්තු 28 වන දින අත්හිටුවන ලදී. සන්ධානය හැරගොස් නොමැති බැවින්, අක්‍රීය සාමාජිකයෙකු ලෙස නම් කොට තිබේ.
ඉන්දියාවේ කින්ග්ෆිෂර් (Kingfisher) ගුවන් සේවය වන්වර්ල්ඩ් වෙත එකතු වීමට 2012 පෙබරවාරි 10 දින සූදානම්ව සිටියත් මූල්‍යමය දුෂ්කරතා හේතුවෙන්, සන්ධානයට එක් නොවිණි.
ව්‍යාපාරික මූලෝපායන් වෙනස්කිරීම නිසා ස්වේච්ඡාවෙන් ඉවත්ව ගිය සන්ධානයේ ආරම්භක සාමාජිකයෙකු වූවත්, ස්ටාර් අලියන්ස් සාමාජිකයෙකු වූ එයාර් කැනඩා ගුවන් සේවය යටතට පත්වූ නිසා, වන්වර්ල්ඩ් සන්ධානයෙන් ඉවත් විය. මූල්‍යමය බිඳවැටීම් නිසා ඉවත් වූ
ආරම්භක, අනුබද්ධ ගුවන්සේවා සාමාජිකයින්
2014 මැයි 1 වැනිදින මත්තල රාජපක්ෂ ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන් තොටුපොළේ පැවැති, මෙම එකතු වීම වෙනුවෙන් සංවිධානය කොට තිබූ උත්සවයේදී, “වන්වර්ල්ඩ්“ ගෝලීය ගුවන් සේවා සන්ධානය සමග ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ගුවන් සමාගම නිල වශයෙන් අත්වැල් බැඳගන්නා ලදී. මේ අනූව මෙවැනි ගුවන් සේවා සන්ධානයකට එක්වූ පළමු දකුණු ආසියානු ගුවන් සේවය වන්නේද, ශ්‍රී ලංකන් ගුවන් සේවය වේ.
එන්එච්කේ

එන්එච්කේ (ජපන්: 日本放送協会, Hepburn: Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai, නිල ඉංග්‍රීසි නාමය : Japan Broadcasting Corporation) යනු ජපානයේ ජාතික රූපවාහිනී ගුවන්විදුලි විකාශන ආයතනයයි. එය ප්‍රේක්ෂකයින් අතර එහි ඉංග්‍රීසි මුලකුරු වලින් ප්‍රචලිත වී ඇත. එන්එච්කේ ආයතනය ජපාන රූපවාහිනී ප්‍රේක්ෂකයින් විසින් මිලදී ගත යුතු රූපවාහිනී බලපත්‍ර මගින් ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් සිය ආදායම උපයා ගනී.
එන්එච්කේ ජාලය සතුව භෞමික රූපවාහිනී නාලිකා දෙකක්, චන්ද්‍රිකා රූපවාහිනී නාලිකා දෙකක් සහ ගුවන්විදුලි නාලිකා තුනක් ඇත. එන්එච්කේ ජෙනරල් ටීවී සහ එන්එච්කේ එඩියුකේෂනල් ටීවී එය සතු භෞමික රූපවාහිනී නාලිකා වේ. එන්එච්කේ රේඩියෝ 1, එන්එච්කේ රේඩියෝ 2 සහ එන්එච්කේ එෆ්එම් විකාශය එන්එච්කේ සතු ගුවන්විදුලි සේවා වේ. එන්එච්කේ බීඑස්-1 සහ බීඑස් ප්‍රිමියම් චන්ද්‍රිකා තාක්ෂණයෙන් විකාශය කෙරෙන ඉහල අර්ථ රූපවාහිනී නාලිකා දෙකකි. එමෙන්ම එන්එච්කේ ජාලය විසින් එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් නමින් ජාත්‍යන්තර විකාශයක් ද සිදුකරනු ලබයි. ඊට එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් ටීවී සහ එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් ප්‍රිමියම් යන රූපවාහිනී නාලිකාද, එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් රේඩියෝ ජැපෑන් කෙටි තරංග ගුවන්විදුලි නාලිකාවද ඇතුලත්ය. එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් රේඩියෝ ජැපෑන් ගුවන්විදුලි වැඩසටහන් අන්තර්ජාලයෙන්ද ලබාගත හැක.
එන්එච්කේ යනු ජපාන විකාශන පනත යටතේ පිහිටුවා ඇති ස්වාධීන සංස්ථාවකි. එය ප්‍රේක්ෂකයින්ගේ රූපවාහිනී බලපත්‍ර හරහා මූල්‍යමය දායකත්වය ලබාගනී. එන්එච්කේ ජාත්‍යන්තර සේවය වන එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් සේවය ජපාන රජයේ මූල්‍යමය ආධාර මත පවත්වාගෙන යයි. එන්එච්කේ සඳහා වන වාර්ෂික අය-වැය ජපානයේ ඩයට් සභාව විසින් පරීක්ෂාකොට අනුමත කරනු ලබන්නකි. එන්එච්කේ සඳහා වගකියනු ලබන 12 දෙනෙකුගෙන් යුතු ආණ්ඩුකාර මණ්ඩලය පත්කරනු ලබන්නේද ඩයට් සභාව විසිනි. එන්එච්කේ හි විධායක සභාව විසින් එන්එච්කේ හි විවිධ ක්ෂේත්‍ර අධීක්ෂණය කරනු ලබයි. ඊට සභාපතිවරයෙක්, උපසභාපතිවරයෙක් සහ කළමනාකාර අධ්‍යක්ෂකවරුන් 7ත් 10ත් අතර ප්‍රමාණයක් සිටී. ඔවුන් විසින් එන්එච්කේ ආණ්ඩුකාර මණ්ඩලයට වගකිව යුතුය.
එන්එච්කේ ප්‍රාදේශීය, ජාතික, හා ලෝක පුවත් වාර්තා ඉදිරිපත් කරයි. දිනපතා තොරතුරු සංක්ෂිප්තව ගෙන එන එන්එච්කේ නිව්ස් 7, එන්එච්කේ ජෙනරල් ටීවී සහ එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් හරහා ජපන් හා ඉංග්‍රීසි ශ්‍රව්‍ය මාවත්වල විකාශනය කරයි. ප්‍රමුඛතම පුවත් වැඩසටහනක් වන නිව්ස් 9 ද ද්විභාෂා වන අතර එන්එච්කේ ජනරාල් රූපවාහිනී සහ එන්එච්කේ ජාත්‍යන්තර නාලිකා ඔස්සේ විකාශය වේ. ලෝක පුවත් එන්එච්කේ බීඑස් 1 ඔස්සේ විකාශනය වේ. එන්එච්කේ බීඑස් 1 සජීවී ක්‍රීඩා ඉසව් තුළ හැර සෑම පැයකම 50වෙනි විනාඩියේදී ප්‍රවෘත්ති විකාශය කරයි.
එන්එච්කේ නාලිකාව ශ්‍රව්‍යාබාදිතයින් සඳහා ප්‍රවෘත්ති, කලාපීය පුවත් හා ළමා පුවත් ඉදිරිපත් කරයි. නිව්ස්ලයින් යනු එන්එච්කේ වර්ල්ඩ් රූපවාහිනියේ විදේශ ප්‍රේක්ෂකයන්ට ප්‍රවෘත්ති ඉදිරිපත් කරන වැඩසටහනයි.
ඊ. එස්. ක්‍රවුස් සිය Broadcasting politics in Japan : NHK and television news කෘතිය තුලින් පෙන්වා දෙන්නේ 1960 සහ 1970 දශකවලදී එන්එච්කේ ප්‍රවෘත්ති විවේචනය කල භාහිර විවේචකයන්, එන්එච්කේ හි රජය විවේචනයට පැකිලීම සහ පොදු අවස්ථා විකාශය කිරීමේ ඒකාධිකාරයක් පවත්වාගෙන යෑම විවේචනය කල බවයි. ක්‍රවුස් තවදුරටත් කියා සිටින්නේ 1980 හා '90 දශකවලදී මෙය තරමක් වෙනස් වූ බවයි.
2011 ෆුකුෂිමා න්‍යෂ්ටික ආපදාව අවස්ථාවේ හා ඉන්පසුව එන්එච්කේ නාලිකාව විසින් ඒ සම්බන්ධව සිදුකල වැඩසටහන් විවේචනයට ලක්විය.
Bank of Ceylon

Bank of Ceylon (BOC; Sinhala: ලංකා බැංකුව Lanka Bænkuwa, Tamil: இலங்கை வங்கி Ilangai Vangi) is a state-owned, major commercial bank in Sri Lanka. Its head office is located in an iconic cylindrical building in Colombo.
The bank has a network of 651 branches, 715 automated teller machines (ATMs), 159 CDM, 582 CRM network, and 15 regional loan centres within the country. It also has an around-the-clock call centre and an around the clock branch at its Colombo office.
In addition to the local presence, the bank maintains an off-shore banking unit in the head office in Colombo, three branches in Malé, Chennai, and Seychelles, and a subsidiary in London.
Bank of Ceylon (BOC) was founded in 1939, with Sir Ernest de Silva as its first chairman. At the time, Ceylon was a British colony and the then governor Sir Andrew Caldecott ceremoniously opened the bank on 1 August. The British government introduced the banking arm for its government-oriented businesses. Two years later, in 1941, BoC started to expand beyond the city of Colombo. It opened its first branch in Kandy. Subsequently, BOC added branches in major cities such as Galle, Jaffna, Kurunegala, Batticaloa, Trincomalee, Badulla, and Panadura.
National Savings Bank (Sri Lanka)

National Savings Bank (NSB) is a state-owned Savings Bank in Sri Lanka. It was incorporated in Ceylon by the National Savings Bank Act No. 30 of 1971 and was granted the status of the Licensed Specialised Bank in terms of the Banking Act No. 30 of 1988. NSB has 262 branches. It also carries out postal banking with the cooperation of 643 post offices and 3,412 sub-post offices of the Sri Lanka Post. The current Chairperson of the NSB is Dr. Harsha Cabral
Since 1971, the following were Chairmen of the Bank (list incomplete):
Golden Key Credit Card Company

The Golden Key Credit Card Company (GKCCC) was a leading Sri Lankan financial institution specializing in credit card services, and a subsidiary of the Ceylinco Consolidated. Founded on June 3, 1977, it was a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Ceylinco Group, an extensive conglomerate with more than 300 subsidiaries. GKCCC played a pioneering role in establishing the credit card industry in Sri Lanka in the early 1980s. Notably, it was responsible for setting up the initial Merchant Network utilized by all credit card companies in the country.
However, in 2008 it was revealed that the Chairman (Lalith Kotelawala ) and Board of Directors had engaged in a lengthy embezzlement scheme, spanning from 1999 to 2008. The embezzled sum amounted to a staggering Rs. 26.5 billion, approximately US$200 million, from 9,054 depositors. Consequently, these actions led to the indictment of the chairman and Directors on 91 charges, including criminal misappropriation and breach of trust.
This financial scandal had far-reaching consequences, impacting Sri Lanka's financial sector and leading to substantial regulatory reforms and increased scrutiny of the industry as a whole. This led to a severe liquidity crisis in the final weeks of 2008. The GKCCC scandal and its repercussions had a profound impact on Sri Lanka's financial sector, resulting in significant regulatory reforms and heightened industry oversight.
GKCCC was established as a subsidiary of the Ceylinco Group and officially incorporated in June 1977. During the early 1980s, GKCCC led the way in the emergence of the credit card industry in Sri Lanka, contributing significantly to the sector's growth. The company's groundwork included setting up the initial merchant network, which later served as the blueprint for other credit card operators in the country.
GKCCC achieved several milestones in the Sri Lankan credit card industry:
In 2008, GKCCC faced a major scandal when former Ceylinco Chairman Lalith Kotelawala and several members of the GKCCC Board of Directors were indicted in the Colombo High Court on a total of 91 charges. These charges included allegations of criminal misappropriation and criminal breach of trust. They were framed under the Penal Code and Finance Companies Act for offenses committed between March 1999 and December 2008. The indictment specifically accused GKCCC and its board members of conspiring to misappropriate funds, including deposits totaling Rs. 26 billion that belonged to the company.
The Central Bank of Sri Lanka also became entangled in the GKCCC case. In a Supreme Court order dated March 23, 2009, it was revealed that the head of the Special Investigations Unit (S.I.U) of the Central Bank had raised concerns about GKCCC's financial operations.
The GKCCC scandal sent shockwaves through Sri Lanka's financial sector and prompted substantial regulatory reforms, reflecting the need for increased scrutiny and oversight in the industry.
Amana Bank (Sri Lanka)

Amãna Bank is the first and only licensed commercial bank in Sri Lanka to conduct all its operations under the principles of Islamic banking and be fully disengaged from interest based transactions, offering the full spectrum of retail banking, SME banking, corporate banking, treasury and trade finance services.
The bank has a network of 33 branches, 20 self banking centres and 5,400+ ATM access points and has introduced online banking, online account opening, VISA debit card with SMS alerts, 365 day banking, Saturday banking, extended banking hours, 24x7 cash deposit machines and banking units exclusively for ladies.
Amãna Bank PLC is a stand-alone institution licensed by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka and listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange with Jeddah based IDB Group being the principal shareholder having a 29.97% stake of the Bank. The IDB Group is a ‘AAA’ rated multilateral development Financial institution with a capital base of over US$150 Billion which has a membership of 57 countries.
The bank's head office is located at 486 Galle Road, Colombo, and it maintains branches at 33 locations around the country.
In April 2020, Fitch Ratings assigned Amana Bank PLC a rating of ("BB+" with a Stable Outlook).
06°54′15″N 79°51′07″E﻿ / ﻿6.90417°N 79.85194°E﻿ / 6.90417; 79.85194
NDB Bank

The National Development Bank PLC (commonly referred to as NDB Bank) is a Sri Lankan banking and financial services institution, headquartered in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Having begun operations as a state-owned development finance institution in 1979. In January 1979, the predecessor of National Development Bank PLC (“NDB” or “Bank”) was set up by the National Development Bank of Sri Lanka Act No 2 of 1979 as “National Development Bank of Sri Lanka”, as a wholly state-owned institution. Following a change of ownership structure in 1993, NDB was privatized and listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange.
As a part of its long-term plans in 2001, NDB incorporated a commercial bank under the Companies Act No. 2 of 1982 under the name “NDB Bank Limited” (“NBL”) to take over the business and operations of ABN Amro NV Colombo Branch ("ABN Amro"). On 29 July 2005, NDB acquired the business and operations of NBL (NDB Bank Limited) and converted from a Licensed Specialed Bank to a Licensed Commercial Bank.
The bank won the 2021 Best Retail Bank Sri Lanka award. NDB Bank has been recognised as the “Most Awarded Corporate 2021” as per 'Most Awarded' ranking by the LMD magazine.
Foreign relations of Sri Lanka

Foreign relations of Sri Lanka refers to the diplomatic and commercial relations between Sri Lanka and other countries. Sri Lanka has stressed its principle of "friendship towards all, enmity towards none" in its diplomacy.
Sri Lanka since the 1950s has followed a non-aligned foreign policy, which does not take sides with major powers. Since the end of the Cold War in Asia, the country has pursued better relations with all major powers and seeks to strengthen its diplomatic, economic and military ties with China, India, Pakistan, Russia, the United States, Japan, South Korea and the European Union. Sri Lanka has also forged close ties with the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), African Union and Arab League.
Sri Lanka participates in multilateral diplomacy, particularly at the United Nations, where it seeks to promote sovereignty, independence, and development in the developing world. Sri Lanka was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). It also is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (as dialogue partner) and Colombo Plan. Sri Lanka continues its active participation in the NAM, while also stressing the importance it places on regionalism by playing a strong role in SAARC.
The goal of Sri Lanka's foreign policy is to maintain a strong, independent, powerful and unitary Sri Lanka, whose foreign policy establishment maintains it in achieving that goal.
Sri Lanka's foreign policy has been founded in the national interest. In a period of rapid and continuing change, foreign policy can respond optimally to new challenges and opportunities. It has to be an integral part of the larger effort of building the nation's capabilities through economic development, strengthening social fabric and well-being of the people and protecting Sri Lanka's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Sri Lanka's foreign policy is a forward-looking engagement with the rest of the world, based on a rigorous, realistic and contemporary assessment of the bilateral, regional and global geo-political and economic milieu.
The Sri Lanka Armed Forces are the overall unified military of Sri Lanka and encompass the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy and the Sri Lanka Air Force, which come under the Ministry of Defence (MOD). They receive military support from mainly China, Russia, India, Pakistan and Israel. The United States also gives limited support.
List of countries with which Sri Lanka maintains diplomatic relations:
Sri Lanka Insurance

Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation Limited, also known as Sri Lanka Insurance is the largest and strongest composite insurance provider in Sri Lanka. It is the first and only insurance company in Sri Lanka to be assigned a prime AAA− rating for Insurance Financial Strength from the US rating agency Fitch Ratings New York City. The company now manages assets worth over US$1102 Million.
Sri Lanka Insurance was incorporated by a special act of Parliament in 1961. It was formed by nationalizing the insurance industry which was run by various local and foreign private companies. It maintained the monopoly in the insurance industry until the establishment of the National Insurance Corporation in 1980. In 1988, the insurance field was liberalized by permitting private companies to enter the industry. In 1993 with the objective of providing greater autonomy to operate in this environment, the corporation was converted to a fully government-owned limited liability corporate entity. It was subsequently sold to the "Distilleries-Spence Consortium" under the Government Privatization Plan in April 2003. As such, it became a subsidiary of Distilleries Company of Sri Lanka PLC.
In November 2006, Sri Lanka Insurance acquired Lanka Hospitals Corporation PLC, which owns and operates Apollo Hospitals Colombo, a 350-bed state of art health care facility.
The Sri Lankan Parliament's Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE) revealed that the privatization process of Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation was irregular. In 2007, a case was filed in the Supreme Court challenging the privatization of Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation citing the revelations of this report. On 4 June 2009, the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka annulled the sale of Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation in 2003. As such Distilleries Company of Sri Lanka PLC was ordered to return its stake in Sri Lanka Insurance to the government treasury. The treasury was ordered to pay the purchase consideration back to Distilleries Consortium.
Seylan Bank

Seylan Bank PLC (Sinhala: සෙලාන් බැංකුව, romanized: Selan Bænkuwa) is a publicly owned Commercial Bank in Sri Lanka. It has branches in both urban and rural areas of Sri Lanka. Seylan bank had 170 banking centres island-wide, 3173 staff members (as at 1st August 2024), an ATM network of 182 units covering crucial locations, 11 branches providing 365-day banking in 2020. The bank was formed as a licensed commercial bank incorporated with a shareholder base.
Seylan Bank was incorporated on 28 August 1987 as a Public Limited Liability Company and the founder chairman was Dr. Lalith Kotelawala. It established its first subsidiary, Seylan Merchant Bank Limited, in 1992. A second subsidiary, Ceylinco Seylan Development Limited was also established in 1992, primarily for the purpose of constructing the Bank's head office building, Ceylinco Seylan Towers.
Seylan Bank introduced Sri Lanka's first homegrown credit card and they also had a partnership deal with Western Union.
Seylan Bank's troubles started when the Golden Key Credit Card Company, an unregulated firm of the Ceylinco group was unable to repay its customers due to financial instability.
The collapse of the Golden Key Credit Card Company which was a subsidiary of the Ceylinco Consolidated and the mismanagement of funds by the former chairman in 2008, resulted in a liquidity crisis in the last weeks of 2008. This prompted the monetary board of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka to bring Seylan Bank under the control of state-owned Bank of Ceylon (BOC) on 28 December 2008. This took place under Section 30(1) of the Monetary Law Act No.58 of 1 949.
An 11-member team was appointed by the Bank of Ceylon on the behalf of Central Bank of Sri Lanka's request in 2008 following the downfall of the bank and due to the unethical behaviour and activities of Golden Key Credit Card Company which was affiliated with Seylan Bank.
The team managed to re-establish the financial stability of the bank and introduced effective risk management policies. Recreation of a comprehensive strategic business plan, development of employees, and reducing operational expenses were accomplished by the board of directors.
The bank earned a tax profit of Rs.188 million at the end of the year 2009. The bank was able to cover 300 million from previous non-performing loans.
Seylan Bank made a reputation once again as one of the leading banks in Sri Lanka after reaching a solution regarding the scam by the Golden Key Company and still continuing their services to people.
In May 2010, the bank's profits were up 32.3% when compared to the previous year.
Basa walikan Malangan

Basa walikan cara Malangan iki pramilane diucapake karo para bromocorah sing yèn jaman saiki pada karo preman. Nanging bromocorah iki tujuanne saé, ya iku merjuangake nasibe wong cilik lan rakyat saka panindésaning Walanda ing jaman iku. Kanggo mbingungke Walanda lan teliksandhine, para bromocorah iku nganggé basa sing diwalik-walik lan basa iku mau sing dadi tenger-tengere basa walikan khas kuta Malang. Basa iki milai ana ing taun 1930an. Basa sing diwalik ukarane ora mung basa jawa, nanging yo soko basa liyané, ya iku basa arab, meduro, indonesia lan liyané.
Basa walikan Malangan ini asline saka walikaning Basa Jawa lan Basa Indonesia. Akèh kosakatane barang sing asaling saka cara lokalan.
Upami:
Nanging ana manèh kang asalé saka basa Jawa Malangan dhéwé. Kaya ta
Lan ora kabèh ukara sing bisa diwalik-walik, kaya ta
Conto liyané:(Walikane ora mesti letterlijk)
Maag

Gastritis utawa radhang lambung utawa tukak lambung yaiku lelara kang ana weteng, utamané ana lambung amarga tatu utawa radhang kang nyebabaké weteng krasa lara, mules, lan perih.
Ana 2 jinis penyakit maag kang umum, yaiku:
Jinis lelara maag adhedhasar nemené lara, bisa dipérang dadi:
Sebabé bisa amarga wong sing mangané ora tumata, ana mikroorganisme mbebayani, ngombé obat - obatan tartamtu, bisa uga amarga ngombé alkohol, jam turu kang ora tumata lan stres. Maag uga bisa amarga telat mangan, banjur nalika mangan langsung akèh banget. Lelara maag yèn wis nemen bisa nyebabaké wong séda.
Maag bisa diobati nanging ora bisa nganti mari tenanan, maag bisa kumat yèn wong kang duwèni lara maag ora njaga mangan, kakèhan mangan, utawa sebab liyané. Biasané wong kang duwèni lara maag yèn prelu kudu ngombé obat. Nanging maag bisa dicegah kanthi cara njaga mangan, mangan sacukupé, wisuh sadueungé mangan, lan aja njajan sembarangan.
Pangobatan kanggo lara maag umumé diombé rong jam sadurungé mangan lan rong jam sawisé mangan. Ancas ngombe obat rong jam sadurungé mangan yaiku kanggo netralaké asem lambung, amarga ing wanci kuwi mesthi wis akèh asem lambung kang numpuk lan lambung kang tatu bakal lara yèn kena asem lambung. Banjur obat kang diombé rong jam sawisé mangan duwèni ancas kanggo nanggulangi lambung saka asem kang terus diprodhuksi. Pungkasane, rong jam sawisé mangan, asem kang ana ing lambung digunakaké kanggo mrosès pakanan saéngga asem kuwi mau ora bakal nambahi tatu kang ana ing lambung.
Pangobatan kang digunakaké:
Panyebab liya kang bisa njalarani lelara maag yaiku bisa saka panganan, kaya ta:
Saliyane kuwi, kagiyatan kang bisa nambah jumlah gas ing jero lambung uga kudu diadohi, kaya ta mangan permèn karèt lan rokok.
Piring mangan awan

Piring mangan awan (basa Hawaiian ) minangka panganan khas Hawaii sing kira-kira padha karo meat-lan-telu Amerika Selatan . Nanging, pengaruh pan-Asia ing masakan Hawaii, lan oyot ing bento Jepang, nggawe piring kasebut unik kanggo Hawaii. Kontribusi etnis Asia liyane kalebu daging babi shoin Okinawan (Okinawan: rafute ), daging babi char siu sing dipengaruhi China, lan adobo pitik Filipina lan longanisa . Masakan Eropa Barat kalebu linguiça, sosis tradisional Portugis.
Merienda

Merienda minangka panganan ringan ing Eropa kidul, utamane Spanyol, Portugal, Andorra (berenar) lan Italia (merenda), uga Amerika Hispanik, Filipina lan Maroko lan Brasil (lanche utawa merenda). Biasane dijupuk ing afternoon utawa kanggo madhang, ngiseni ing longkangan meal antarane meal noontime lan meal sore, kang padha karo teh afternoon ing donya Inggris-speaking; utawa ing antarane sarapan lan mangan awan. Iki minangka panganan sederhana sing asring kalebu buah, cookie, yogurt, lan cemilan liyane sing ditambah karo jus, coklat panas, kopi, roh, utawa omben-omben liyane. Umume wong Argentina lan Uruguay duwe wektu sepisan utawa merienda udakara jam 5 sore, antarane mangan awan lan nedha bengi . Nanging umume kasusun saka infus ( teh, mate, warung, mate cocido, etc.) lan cemilan baked ( scones, roti, toasts, cake, facturas, etc.), biasane diiringi karo Dulce de Leche, madu, butter utawa senggol .
Sindrom iritasi usus

Sindrom iritasi usus ya iku gangguan ana ing sistem pancernaan mliginé ana ing usus gedhé. Ing donya medhis lelara iki sinebut uga irritable bowel syndrome. Racaké, lelara iki nyebabaké kram weteng, diaré lan rasa ora kepènak ing weteng. Sapa wae bisa kena IBS. Sindrom iritasi usus iki mawa kahanan kang umum. Kurang luwih ana 10-15 wong saben 100 wong sadonya ini tau nglakoni kahanan iki. Wong wadon kanthi umur kurang saka 45 taun duwé résiko tikel loro luwih kerep kena IBS tinimbang wong lanang..
Faktor sing bisa micu dumadiné lelara sindrom iritasi usus ya iku:
Pratandha nalika nandhang lelara sindrom iritasi usus ya iku:
Sindrom iritasi usus iki uga nyerang bocah. Pratandha sing ditemoni yaiku:
Menawa pratandha sansaya parah kaya ta bobot awak sing mudhun, ana getih ing fèsès, ambegan seseg, lan ana gronjalan ing weteng, prayogané gagé-gagé mrèsakaké menyang dhokter.
Dhokter bakal mrèksa riwayat medhis sing pepak, banjur nglakoni pamrèksanan fisik. Kritèria kanggo ndhiagnosis ya iku:
Ana uga tès tambahan saka dhokter kaya déné:
Ana obat-obatan kanggo nambani panandhang sindrom iritasi usus kaya déné:
Kanggo nyegah lelara iki supaya ora kumat, ana manèka cara bisa ditindakaké kaya ta:
Sega Hayashi

Sega Hayashi (ハヤシライス, Sega Hayashi Sega hayashi) ya iku panganan Jepang lan Koréa Kidul awujud sega putih kang diwènèhi duduh kenthel masakan daging sapi. Bumbune bawang bombay kang digongso karo mentega nganti wangi. Daging dimasak nganti empuk ing saos demiglace lan uga kerep dicampuri saos tomat. Masakan iki uga padatan ditambahi anggur abang supaya ambune wangi.
Sega hayashi minangka sawijining tuladha panganan Jepang kang asalé saka Kulon. Ing Osaka lan Kobe, panganan iki uga dikenal minangka sega haishi. Sega hayashi iku kalebu menu kawentar ing restoran kulawarga kang nyediyani masakan-masakan kanggo anggota kulawarga. Sega hayashi uga bisa digawé nganggo duduh kang digawé saka bumbu padhet ing kemasan kothak.
Daging sapi tansah dianggo bahan nggawé sega hayashi. Yèn daging babi kang dianggo, masakan iki diarani Pork Hayashi. Janganan kaya jamur kancing utawa jamur shimeji uga kerep ditambahake ing masakan daging.
Ana sapérangan carita ngenani asal-usule sega hayashi. Miturut sawijining carita, masakan iki wiwitane saka pangadheg perusahaan Maruzen, Yūteki Hayashi. Miturut carita liyané, juru masak kang jenenge Hayashi ing restoran Ueno Seiyoken kerep nggawékake sega hayashi kanggo wong-wong pawon lan babu nalika jam mangan. Ana uga kang ngarani tembung "hayashi" iku saka pocapane wong Jepang nalika maca jeneng panganan hashed beef with rice.
Mangan wengi

Nedha bengi biasané nuduhaké panganan ing budaya Kulon kang paling gedhe lan resmi ing wayah awan, kang dipangan sawétara wong Kulon ing wayah sore . Miturut sejarah panganan kang paling gedhe biasané dipangan udakara awan, lan diarani nedha bengi. Ing budaya Kulon, utamané ing antarané para elit, umume mbaka sethithik migrasi mengko liwat abad kaping 16 nganti 19. Nanging, tembung "nedha bengi" bisa duwe arti beda-beda gumantung saka budaya, lan bisa uga tegese panganan kanthi ukuran apa wae kang dipangan kapan wae. Utamané, biasané digunakaké kanggo mangan nalika awan utawa sore nalika acara khusus, kayata nedha bengi Natal . Ing iklim kang panas, masarakat mesthi mangan panganan utama ing wayah sore, sawise suhu mudhun.
Ajiaco

Ajiaco ( pangucap cara Spanyol: [a'xjako] ) minangka salah sawijining jinis olahan sup sing umum kanggo Kolombia, Kuba, lan Peru . para Wasis wis debat babagan asale sajian. Panganan kasebut misuwur banget ing ibukutha Kolombia, Bogotá, diarani Ajiaco santafereño, ing endi umume digawe nganggo pitik, telung jinis kentang, lan ramuan Galinsoga parviflora, dikenal kanthi lokal minangka guasca utawa guasas . Ing Kuba, ajiaco disiapake minangka rebusan, dene ing Peru, sajian kasebut disiapake kanthi macem-macem variasi regional.
Roti gulung

A gulungan roti iku sawijining olahan jinis cilik, biasane bunder utawa oblong saka roti dadi iringan meal (dipangan kosong utawa karo butter). Gulung bisa disajikake lan dipangan kanthi lengkap utawa dipotong kanthi transversibel lan disandangi isi ing antarane rong bageyan kasebut. Gulung uga umum digunakake kanggo nggawe roti isi padha karo sing diasilake kanthi irisan roti. Masakan kasebut ditemokake ing umume masakan ing saindenging jagad. Ing Deipnosophistae, panulis Athenaeus (udakara 170 - udakara 230) nggambarake sawetara roti, kue, lan kue-kue sing kasedhiya ing jagad Klasik. Antarane roti sing kasebut yaiku roti kue, roti madu lan minyak, roti arupa jamur sing ditutupi wiji poppy, lan spesialisasi militer kanggo roti panggang.
Lobak acar

Lobak acar, diarani chikin-mu ( Hangul: 치킨무 , "acar lobak") ing basa Korea, minangka salah sawijining jinis olahan arupa sajian lobak sing disajikake lan dipangan nganggo ramen, mi beras, congee, utawa ayam goreng Korea Kaya banchan liyane, panganan gratis (lan ora bisa diisi ulang, yen ora dikirim ing omah) ing Korea Selatan . Ing China, disedhiyakake ing akeh restoran mi.
Hikari (sepur)

Hikari (ひかり, Hikari "Light") ya iku jeneng layanan sepur kacepetan dhuwur sing lumaku ing jalur "sepur peluru" Tokaido lan San'yō Shinkansen ing Jepang. Luwih alon tinimbang Nozomi utama nanging luwih cepet tinimbang kabeh stasiun Kodama, Hikari minangka layanan sepur paling cepet ing Tokaido lan Sanyo Shinkansen sing bisa digunakake karo Japan Rail Pass, sing ora ditrapake kanggo lelungan kanthi sepur Nozomi utawa Mizuho.
Layanan iku kapisan muncul ing taun 1988 ing Sanyo Shinkansen antarane Shin-Osaka lan Hakata nggunakake sepur 6 gerbong seri 0. 12 gerbong seri 0 unit SK dipunginaaken ing layanan iki wiwit taun 1989. Wiwit 11 Maret 2000, sebagean gedhe diganti karo layanan "Hikari Rail Star" seri 700 sing anyar "Hikari Rail Star", lan pungkasane ditarik ing 21 April 2000.
Iku minangka layanan utama sing dilakokno ing antarane Tokyo lan Hakata wiwit 11 Maret 1989 nggunakake sepur JR West 16 gerbong seri 100 V karo papat gerbong tengah dek ganda kalebu gerbong mangan. Iku dioperasikake kanthi kacepetan maksimal 230 km/jam ing Sanyo Shinkansen (dibandhingake karo 220 km/jam kanggo layanan Hikari liyane). Wiwit 11 Maret 2000, layanan gerbong mangan mandheg ing kabeh sepur, lan wiwit Mei 2002 lan sabanjure, sawetara layanan Grand Hikari sing isih ana mung diwatesi kanggo Sanyo Shinkansen. Pungkasan "Grand Hikari" dianakaké ing November 2002.
Kaping kapisan muncul ing musim panas 1995, layanan musiman iku dioperasikake antarane Shin-Osaka lan Hakata sajrone liburan nggunakake sepur khusus 6 gerbong seri 0 (R2 lan R24) sing kalebu area dolanan bocah-bocah ing gerbong 3. Kabeh lelenggahan wis dipesen ini layanan iku.
JR West miwiti ngoperasikaké layanan Hikari Rail Star wiwit jadwal anyar ing 11 Maret 2000. Layanan iku diwatesi ing jalur Sanyo Shinkansen lan nggunakake sepur khusus 8 gerbong seri 700-7000 kanthi corak khas lan kacepetan maksimal 285 km/jam. JR West ngenalake layanan kasebut kanggo nyedhiyakake saingan sing luwih apik marang maskapai penerbangan ing rute Osaka-Fukuoka. Layanan iku ora akomodasi gerbong Green, nanging gerbong lelenggahan dipesen duwe lelenggahan 2+2 lan uga sawetara kompartemen 4 lelenggahan, ora setelan standar 3+2 ing gerbong lelenggahan sing ora dipesan. Barisan ngarep lelenggahan ing gerbong iku nduweni stopkontak listrik kanggo pangguna laptop. Kanthi umume layanan Hikari Rail Star diganti liwat layanan Kyushu Shinkansen Sakura wiwit 12 Maret 2011, sepur 8 gerbong seri 700 sing digunakake ing layanan kasebut sebagean gedhe wis lumaku ing kabeh stasiun layanan Kodama ing jalur Sanyo Shinkansen. Wiwit 14 Maret 2020, Hikari Rail Star minangka siji-sijine variasi layanan khusus sing lumaku ing layanan Hikari.