davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Наша эра

На́ша э́ра, н. э. (альтернативная расшифровка но́вая э́ра) — текущий период времени, начиная с 1 года по юлианскому и григорианскому календарям.
Из многочисленных способов летосчисления наиболее распространённый — христианская эра, исходным моментом которой служит предполагаемая дата рождения Иисуса Христа. Христианская эра была изобретена римским монахом Дионисием Малым в VI веке, взявшим за точку отсчёта 753 год от основания Рима.
Предшествующий Первому году (заканчивающийся до начала первого года) — период до нашей эры, до н. э. Название часто используется в религиозной форме «от Рождества Христова» (сокр. «от Р. Х.») или «по Рождестве Христовом» (сокр. «по Р. Х.»), и, соответственно, «до Рождества́ Христо́ва» (сокр. «до Р. Х.»). Подобная запись хронологически эквивалентна (не требуется конвертации или введения нулевого года). Кроме того, ранее (в том числе в первом издании Большой советской энциклопедии) использовались обозначения христиа́нская э́ра, хр. э. и до христиа́нской э́ры, до хр. э.
Нулевой год не используется ни в светской, ни в религиозной нотациях — так было заведено англосаксонским историком монахом Бе́дой Достопочтенным в начале VIII века (ноль тогда вообще не был распространён в культуре). Однако нулевой год применяется в астрономической годовой нумерации и в стандарте ISO 8601.
По мнению большинства учёных, при исчислении в VI веке Дионисием Малым года рождения Иисуса была допущена ошибка в несколько лет.
Применение христианской эры в летосчислении начало приобретать популярность после её применения Бе́дой Достопочтенным, который использовал счёт лет от Рождества Христова в своих 2-х получивших распространение трудах: Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum («Церковная история народа англов»), завершённая к 731 году, и De Temporum Ratione (725).
К XI веку в большинстве стран Западной Европы перешли на христианскую эру; последней на Западе, 22 августа 1422 года, на новый календарь перешла Португалия (с испанской эры); греческий мир — в XV веке. Существует мнение, что понятие «до Рождества Христова» в летосчислении укоренилось лишь к XVIII веку.
В России последним днём Константинопольской эры было 31 декабря 7208 года от сотворения мира: по указу Петра I следующий день уже официально считался по новому летосчислению от «Рождества Христова» — 1 января 1700 года, каковой день указом предписывалось праздновать.
Геологическая эра

Геологи́ческая э́ра — отрезок геохронологической шкалы, подынтервал эона. Большинство геологических эр разделяются на геологические периоды.
Последний эон, фанерозой, разделён на три эры: палеозой, мезозой и кайнозой. Границами, разделяющими эры, служат масштабные изменения в биосфере (например, катастрофические вымирания) или в абиотической среде.
В стратиграфии геологическая эра соответствует эратеме, то есть геологическая эра — это промежуток времени в геологической истории Земли, в течение которого сформировалась эратема. В русской литературе вместо термина эратема раньше употреблялся термин «группа».
Катархей, архей и протерозой в совокупности раньше назывались криптозойской или докембрийской эрой. Она охватывала первые 4 миллиарда лет истории Земли — так называемый протопланетный период и время, о существовании жизни в котором материальные свидетельства отрывочны. В настоящее время эти интервалы времени определяются как эоны или надэры, а архей и протерозой также подразделяются на эры.
Зиганшина, Эра Гарафовна

Э́ра Гара́фовна Зига́ншина (тат. Эра Гарәф кызы Җиһаншина; род. 1 февраля 1944, Казань, Татарская АССР, СССР) — советская и российская актриса театра и кино. Народная артистка Российской Федерации (2005).
Родилась 1 февраля 1944 года в городе Казани.
В 1965 году окончила театральную студию при Ленинградском академическом Большом драматическом театре имени Максима Горького (руководитель студии — Георгий Александрович Товстоногов), после окончания которой была принята в труппу Ленинградского государственного театра имени Ленинского комсомола (ныне — Санкт-Петербургский театр-фестиваль «Балтийский дом»).
В 1970 году ненадолго перешла в труппу Русского драматического театра имени А. П. Чехова в Кишинёве (Молдавская ССР) и затем вернулась в Ленинградский государственный театр имени Ленинского комсомола.
В 1989 году переехала в Москву, где работала в разных драматических театрах в качестве приглашённой актрисы.
Вернувшись в Санкт-Петербург, продолжила службу в труппе Санкт-Петербургского государственного учреждения культуры «Театр-фестиваль „Балтийский дом“» (до 1991 года — Ленинградского государственного театра имени Ленинского комсомола).
В 2011 году была приглашена в труппу Национального драматического театра России (Александринского театра) в Санкт-Петербурге, где служит по настоящее время.
Была замужем за актёром В. Головиным, в семье родилось 2 детей (Екатерина и Алексей). Второй муж — актёр Владимир Рожин, сын Владимир. После смерти второго мужа возобновила отношения с первым мужем.
Многоцветница чёрно-рыжая

Многоцветница чёрно-рыжая, или многоцветница восточная (лат. Nymphalis xanthomelas) — дневная бабочка из семейства Нимфалиды (Nymphalidae).
Видовой эпитет означает «жёлто-чёрный», «рыже-чёрный» (от др.-греч. ξανθός — золотисто-жёлтый, рыжий и μέλας — чёрный).
На вершине передних крыльев имеется белое пятно, между субмаргинальной полосой и первой от вершины чёрным прикостальным пятном. На заднем крыле зубец длиннее своей ширины, синие пятна вдоль внешнего края яркие. Общий фон сверху ярко-красный. Длина переднего крыла 27—31 мм.
Гусеница чёрная с белыми точками и полосками на спине и боках. Шипы чёрные.
Восточная Европа; территория бывшего СССР: Европейская часть России (север, центр, юг), в том числе север Кольского полуострова, север Коми, север Архангельской области, острова Колгуев и Новая Земля, южное побережье Крыма; Кавказ, Сибирь, Дальний Восток, Сахалин, Камчатка, Средняя Азия; Азия: Китай, Корея, Япония.
Яйца откладывает большими группами на ветви кормовых растений.
Гусеницы питаются на ивах, осине.
Куколка часто висит на ветвях кормовых растений.
Летает по различным лесным биотопам, луговинам в лесу, населённым пунктам. Зимует имаго. Время лёта июль—октябрь, после зимовки — апрель—май.
Museum of Political History of Russia

The State Museum of Political History of Russia (known as the State Museum of Revolution before August 1991) is a political museum located in Saint Petersburg. It archives and showcases the political history of the Russian Federation. Before 1917, one of the buildings belonged to Mathilde Kschessinska.
The museum houses artifacts owned by key figures in the history of Russia, such as the belongings of politicians, statesmen, scientists, and military leaders, among them Sergei Witte, Nicholas II, Vladimir Lenin, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Yuri Gagarin. A calendar of exhibitions is available online.
All-Russia People's Front

The All-Russia People's Front (Russian: Общероссийский народный фронт, romanized: Obshcherossiyskiy narodnyy front, ONF), since 2023 styled as People's Front (Russian: Народный фронт, romanized: Narodnyy front), is a political coalition in Russia started in 2011 by then-Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin to provide the United Russia political party with "new ideas, new suggestions and new faces". The ONF aims to forge formal alliances between United Russia (the ruling party from 2001 onwards) and numerous Russian non-governmental organizations. On 12 June 2013 the ONF founding conference elected Putin (President of Russia from 2012) as the Front's leader.
By May 2011, hundreds of businesses had enlisted their workforces in the organization, including around 40,000 from the Siberian Business Union.
On 12 June 2013, the movement convened its inaugural congress, electing Putin as its leader. The congress also elected the front's Central Staff: film director Stanislav Govorukhin, Delovaya Rossiya, co-chairman Alexander Galushka and State Duma member Olga Timofeeva.
According to the Charter, the Front's goal is "promotion of unity and civil solidarity in the name of Russia's historical success"; the country's development as a free, strong and sovereign state with a robust economy; fast economic growth; and reliance on the family. On the list of the ONF founders were 480 people, including trade union activists, workers, scientists, culture workers, athletes, businessmen, farm and medical workers and politicians.
On 4 December 2013, the conference of the Front was held. The conference, which ran until 6 December, discussed the process of implementing reforms in healthcare, economy, community services, education and culture. The meeting held numerous round tables on the president's so-called "May decrees" and tackled internal agenda items.
In January 2014, the Front registered its first regional office in the city of Lipetsk, located about 440 kilometers south of Moscow, with Russia's Justice Ministry.
On October 21, 2019, the Supreme Court of Russia, following a lawsuit by the Ministry of Justice, liquidated the Agrarian Party of Russia for insufficient participation in the elections for 7 years, thus also ending its participation in the Front.
The All-Russia People's Front also includes the following organisations:
According to a 2013 article by the BBC, the ONF may replace United Russia in the future, which was the probable reason for its establishment.
Constitutional Conference of Russia

The Constitutional Conference of the Russian Federation (Russian: Конституционное совещание Российской Федерации) was a consultative institution of representatives of government bodies, local authorities and public organizations, convened by the order of the Russian President Boris Yeltsin in 1993 to complete the preparation of an alternative draft of Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The reason for dissatisfaction was the convocation of the President of the draft constitution drafted by the Constitutional Commission of the Congress of People's Deputies. It was opened in Moscow in the Kremlin June 5, 1993 on the basis of Presidential Decree "On the order of the Constitutional Council" of 2 June 1993 number 840. The first phase of the signing of the Constitutional Council by the meeting July 12, 1993 finalized and agreed on it the draft Constitution.
Presidential draft Constitution was created under the auspices of the three, Sergey S. Alekseev, Anatoly Sobchak and Sergei Mikhailovich Shakhrai, they were the leaders of the process, but only a Constitutional Conference was attended by over 800 participants, working different lawyers. By working together, produced a new single draft Constitution, which was subsequently submitted by the President of the Russian Federation on the referendum, and became the current Constitution of the Russian Federation as a result of a vote held December 12, 1993.
Initially, the Constitutional meeting included representatives of five groups:
In October–November 1993 "presidential" draft Constitution was the finalization of the newly created bodies of the Constitutional Council: Public and State wards, as well as the Commission's constitutional arbitration Constitutional Council. The result of the meeting was the introduction of the Constitutional many (several hundred) of amendments to the original "presidential" draft constitution, which has incorporated certain provisions of the draft Constitutional Commission of the Congress of People's Deputies.
As the Constitution draft was ready, it was submitted to a referendum by the President of the Russian Federation December 12, 1993.
Stalin tunic

The Stalin tunic (Russian: сталинка, romanized: stalinka [ˈstalʲɪnkə]) is a colloquial term for a type of tunic or jacket associated with Joseph Stalin (1878-1953); from the 1920s until the 1950s and beyond, it was commonly worn as a political uniform by government officials in the Soviet Union (and, after World War II, by officials in the Soviet satellite states as well).
Stalinka evolved from the french (френч), a tunic of the Imperial Russian Army, which had appeared in the First World War; the difference was that the Stalinka had a soft turn-down collar and no hip pockets. Its simplistic style came from Stalin's refusal to wear clothing of a more complex nature, as well as eventual tweaks made by Soviet fashion designers that tried to create an image for the leader.
This style of attire was chosen by Chinese, Vietnamese and North Korean Communist leaders.
Elecciones municipales de Ambato de 2019

Las elecciones municipales de Ambato de 2019 hacen referencia al proceso electoral que se llevó a cabo el 24 de marzo de dicho año con el fin de designar a las autoridades locales para el período 2019-2023.​
Javier Altamirano quién había ocupado el tercer lugar en las elecciones pasadas, volvió a participar venciendo ampliamente al actual alcalde Luis Amoroso y al candidato favorito, el socialcristiano Luis Fernando Torres.​​
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Flores y fruta

[[Categoría:Cuadros de {{{3}}}]]
Flores y fruta (Fleurs et fruits) es un óleo sobre tela de 35 x 21 cm pintado por Paul Cézanne hacia 1880 y depositado en el Museo de la Orangerie de París.​
Esta pintura tiene una historia curiosa y, a la vez, misteriosa: formó parte de otra pintura que quedó sin acabar.​ La pintura original fue dividida en dos partes por un marchante de arte entre los años 1904 y 1914, y Paul Guillaume compró la mitad llamada Flores y fruta al galerista francés Ambroise Vollard en 1931.​ Muchos años después de la muerte de Paul Guillaume, su viuda Domenica, a quien le gustaba la pintura de Cézanne, compró este óleo sin saber que era la otra mitad de Flores dentro de un jarrón azul (también conservada actualmente en el Museo de la Orangerie de París). Fue el conservador Michel Hoog quien, finalmente, consiguió reconstruir la historia de estos dos lienzos en 1992.​
Rewald sitúa esta obra hacia 1880,​ pero el modelado sucinto de las frutas, ceñidas por un contorno ligero, podría sugerir una fecha posterior o, cuando menos, indicar que el cuadro fue retomado más tarde.​
Este bodegón es una pintura de la más alta calidad y muy próxima a Flores dentro de un jarrón azul: el mismo jarrón, las mismas flores, la misma sencillez en la composición.​ La escena es simple, pero muy pensada: la fruta es distribuida según su tamaño y la gama de colores va del color naranja al azul.​ Aquí, de nuevo, el fondo quedó inacabado.​
Festival de las Flores de Aibonito

El Festival de las Flores de Aibonito es un festival anual que tiene lugar en Aibonito, Puerto Rico. Este es un festival de 10 días que se celebra cada junio en terrenos especialmente designados en las afueras de Aibonito Pueblo. Los asistentes al festival pueden ver y comprar flores de todo tipo traídas por cultivadores y minoristas de todo Puerto Rico. Además de las exhibiciones florales, hay exhibiciones dedicadas a las plantas de frutas y hortalizas, actuaciones de música en vivo, quioscos de comida, actividades para niños y artesanías tradicionales.​
Aibonito es un centro importante en la industria floral de Puerto Rico desde antes de la primera edición del festival. El festival se ha celebrado durante casi cincuenta años, y la primera edición se celebró en 1969.​ Su propósito original era y sigue siendo mostrar la flora de Puerto Rico y la industria floral de la isla. El festival se estableció oficialmente para su segunda edición cuando se incorporó el Festival de las Flores de Aibonito, Inc. con el objetivo de promover y celebrar la floricultura y agricultura del pueblo. En 2017, el huracán María trajo una cantidad significativa de lluvia, viento y destrucción que diezmó la industria de las flores de Aibonito.​ el festival fue cancelado debido a la actual pandemia de COVID-19 en Puerto Rico.
Festival Nacional de los Cerezos en Flor

El Festival nacional de los cerezos en flor es una celebración anual en Washington D. C. para conmemorar el regalo que el 27 de marzo de 1912 hizo el alcalde de Tokio, Yukio Ozaki de 3000 cerezos japoneses. El alcalde Ozaki donó los árboles en un esfuerzo para incrementar la creciente amistad entre México, Estados Unidos y Japón y también para celebrar lamestrecha relación entre ambos pueblos. Estos árboles señalan la llegada de la primavera con colores rosa claro y blanco alrededor de la parte del Tidal Basin en el parque West Potomac. El festival de dos semanas se inicia con una ceremonia de apertura, seguida de un conjunto de actividades y eventos culturales. Cada día hay una degustación de sushi y sake, clases sobre los cerezos en flor, y un tour en bicicleta alrededor del Tidal Basin. Durante estos días se desarrollan muchas exposiciones de arte, tanto de fotografía (local y asiática), como de escultura, animación, y variedad de actividades culturales a lo largo de Washington. Además, se puede ver rakugo, desfiles de kimonos, bailes, conciertos o muestras de artes marciales. La carrera de las diez millas de los cerezos en flor tiene lugar el primer domingo de abril como parte del festival. Debido a que el festival se tiene que celebrar con bastante antelación, a veces no se consigue celebrar en el punto máximo de esplendor de los cerezos. El último día del festival hay una cabalgata que ha sido organizada por Jaycess durante 30 años, y le sigue un festival callejero japonés Hanami, que es una celebración de Japón presentada por la Sociedad Nipona-Americana de Washington. El festival se celebra desde 1935. En 1994 el festival se extendió hasta su formato actual de dos semanas. El festival está organizado por la compañía National Cherry Blossom Festival Inc., que actúa como agrupación de muchas organizaciones gubernamentales, cívicas y de negocios.
En la noche se realiza una gran cena bajo los cerezos y se puede disfrutar del olor cítrico del cerezo japonés.
Calle Ocho Festival

The Calle Ocho Music Festival (Festival de la Calle Ocho) is a one-day street festival closing out Carnaval Miami. It takes place in March in the Little Havana neighborhood of Miami, Florida, between SW 12th Avenue and 27th Avenue on SW 8th Street.
The festival is one of the largest in the world, and over one million visitors attend the Calle Ocho event. Showcasing Latin American and Caribbean culture, Calle Ocho is the largest Hispanic street festival in the United States. Started by Cuban exiles in 1978, the festival attracts over a million people a year.
Calle Ocho started in 1978 as a way for Cuban immigrants to express themselves and educate South Floridians about their culture in their community. The festival's focus grew to include participation from all Latin American countries.
In 1996, the festival was cancelled due to the shooting down of four Cuban exile aviators by Cuban warplanes on February 24, 1996. The aviators were part of the Brothers to the Rescue organization. In 2020–2021, the festival was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
On March 6, 2020, Miami mayor Francis Suarez and two other city officials announced during a press conference that the Miami municipal government denied Calle Ocho organizers a permit to hold a festival in 2020 following health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic; the 43rd festival returned in 2022 after a two-year hiatus.
The annual festival shuts down 15 street blocks of SW 8th Street in order to host dancing, food, drinks and 30 stages of live entertainment.
The stages are located throughout Little Havana, and host a variety of Latin music genres from Latin America and the Caribbean, from merengue to top 40 pop music.
Carnaval Miami is organized and sponsored by the Kiwanis Club of Little Havana.
The stages represent major national radio and television networks, such as Univision. In 2019, Univisión featured breakout urban music artist Mando el Pelado, a New Yorker with Ecuadorian roots, who represented the Ecuadorian communities living in Miami.
In 1988, the festival set the Guinness World Record with 119,986 people in the world's longest conga line.
In 1990, a world-record-breaking 10,000-pound piñata was featured.
In 2000, the Guinness World Record was set for the world's longest cigar.
In 2008, Calle Ocho broke the record for the most domino players at the event.
In 2010, the Florida legislature identified the Calle Ocho-Open House 8 festival as an official state festival.
In 2012, the festival broke the world record for the largest flag image ever created. The flag measured 250 feet long and 36 feet wide, and was marched down the street by over 100 volunteers.
25°45′56″N 80°13′36″W﻿ / ﻿25.7655°N 80.2266°W﻿ / 25.7655; -80.2266
Flowers in Judaism

Flowers in Judaism hold historical and cultural significance within its traditions and practices. Flowers are especially used in synagogues and homes during the celebration of Shavuot.
In the Tanakh, among the various native flowers of ancient Israel three flowers are specifically mentioned by name: the shoshan or shoshannah, often translated as lily or rose and likely referring to the white lily; shoshannat ha'amakim (lit. 'lily of the valley'), likely the narcissus; and ḥavatzelet ha-Sharon (lit. 'rose/lily of the Sharon'), likely the sea daffodil. Solomon likens his Shulamite love interest to the last-named flower, also referred to in the Mishnah as the "king's rose."
According to the Tanakh, ancient Jews made use of flowers as a natural form of decoration. In Jerusalem, during Shavuot, the first crop of fruits presented at the altar was adorned with the finest blossoms. The high regard for flowers in ancient Jewish culture is further evidenced by the presence of floral motifs its artistic creations. Examples include the Temple menorah, the pillars of the Temple, and the Molten Sea adorned with "lily flowers." The Talmud states that Solomon's Temple contained golden representations of various aromatic trees in full fruit, from which fragrant perfumes exhaled with the movement of the air.
In many Jewish communities, there is a custom to decorate homes and synagogues with flowers on Shavuot. Some synagogues decorate the bimah with a canopy of flowers and plants reminiscent of a ḥuppah, as the giving of the Torah is metaphorically seen as a marriage between the Torah and the people of Israel.
The Maharil was the first to mention the custom of scattering roses and other fragrant blossoms on the synagogue floor as an expression of joy during the festival. The Magen Abraham noted the customary placement of trees in synagogues, though the Vilna Gaon discouraged this practice, deeming it an imitation of Christian practice on Pentecost.
Isaiah Hurwitz, in his Shelah, described a custom in Safed where the gabbai distributed fragrant weeds to every individual during the morning service on Shavuot, while the ḥazzan recited Ha-El be-ta'atzumot. In the Land of Israel, flowers were historically also distributed to congregants as they departed from Passover eve services.
One common explanation for these traditions is that Shavuot is designated as the judgment day of trees in the Talmud. Another is the Midrash that Mount Sinai blossomed with flowers in anticipation of the giving of the Torah on its summit.
A new practice which is gaining popularity in Israel is to wear a pin of a "blood red" flower, known as דם המכבים (Blood of the Maccabees, Red Everlasting) or "Helichrysum sanguineum" on Memorial Day (Yom HaZikaron). The Hebrew name is credited to a legend that says that everywhere that a Maccabee soldier shed blood in battle, a flower would grow in that spot forever.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Adler, Cyrus; Eisenstein, Judah David (1903). "Flowers". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 420–421.
Laleur

Laleur téh hartina spésiés serangga naon baé nu kaasup Ordo Diptera. Cirina nyaéta boga jangjang sapasang. Laleur mah geus dalit pisan jeung kahirupan manusa, di antarana aya nu bisa ngabalukarkeun kasakit parna.
Hirup laleur gumantung pisan kana panénjona. Panon majemukna diwangun ku rébuan lénsa nu sénsitip pisan kana gerakan. Malah aya di antarana nu boga panénjo 3D nu akurat pisan. Aya sababaraha laleur, misalna Ormia ochracea, mibanda organ pangrungu nu alus. Nu jadi kadaharan laleur téh rupa-rupa, gumantung ka spésiésna. Laleur-kuda sok ngagembrong tatu mangsana pikeun nyeuseup cairanana, sedengkeun laleur imah ngahakan cairan tina dahareun nu geus diciduhan (ngandung énzim) ku manéhna.
Daur hirup laleur diwangun ku opat hambalan: endog, larva (bilatung), pupa, jeung sawawa. Endogna diteundeun dina daging buruk, bangké sasatoan, atawa na cai nu ngeuyeumbeu - naon baé nu loba ngandung hakaneun pikeun bilatungna. Ukuran bilatung laleur imah kira 9,5-19,1 mm. Dina usum panas, sagenerasi laleur (ti endog nepi ka sawawa) bisa dihasilkeun dina jangka 12-14 poé.
Sababaraha tipeu bilatung nu sok kapanggih ngagimbung bisa dipaké pikeun kaperluan forénsik. Ku nilik hambalan hirupna, bilatung ieu bisa dipaké pikeun nangtukeun waktu jeung asal-muasal organisme nu paéh.
Idéntifikasi bilatung maké hiji klasifikasi nu disebut hambalan "Instar": instar I panjangna kira 2–5 mm, instar II 6–14 mm, sedengkeun instar III 15–20 mm. Ukuran ieu kira-kira sarua jeung 2-3 poé, 3-4 poé, jeung 4-6 poé (pikeun rata-rata laleur imah) ti saprak neundeun endog. ngagunakeun ieu data, ditambah ku tanda-tanda lianna, para élmuwan forénsik bisa nangtukeun iraha kira-kira paéhna.
Ti jaman baheula, bilatung sok dipaké pikeun ngabérésihan tatu nékrotik (baca terapi bilatung).
Farmasi

Farmasi sacara historis nyaéta pagawéan méré ubar. ka dieunakeun, istilah ieu jadi ngawengku fungsi séjén nu patali jeung mulasara pasén (fungsi klinis), nu kiwari sapalih ti antarana aya dina hukum féderal atawa nagara. Pagawean bidang farmasi diantawisna pangawasan resép ubar, dina éfék negatif ubar (adverse drug reaction) sareng terapi anu ningkatkeun kesehatan pasén ogé mastikeun yen pangubaran anu dilakonan masihan hasil positif. Dina wilayah pagawéanna, farmasi dipisahkeun tina dokter. Di regulasi sejenna, dokter meunang ngadamel resep ubar nyalira, praktek farmasis terintegrasi sareng dokter. Dina hal husus, mung farmasi anu tiasa nyayogikeun sababaraha jenis ubar, diantawisna narkotika ogé antibiotik.
Farmasi dicandak tina basa Perancis farmacie anu ngandung harti "bahan anu dianggo janten tuangeun dina bentuk ubar anu ngagaduhan efek laksatif". Di samping éta, kata farmasi dicandak ogé tina basa Yunani pharmakon anu ngandung harti "ubar".
Lebu

Lebu nyaéta sésa tina hiji bahan anu béak kabeuleum. Dina kimia analitik, lebu téh hiji wujud nu lain gas ogé lain cai nu dihasilkeun tina durukan anu sampurna.
Rupa-rupa mangpaat nubisa dipaké tina lebu, Saméméh sabun paragi ngumbah wadah loba dijual, masarakat geus ilahar meuli lebu katukang lebu nu ngahaja ngajual nguriling ka unggal lembur.
Ieu kotak khusus dirarancang - éta dingaranan Tembok Duka, di mana aya tuangeun anu misah pikeun urns ditutupan ku tablet peringatan. Tempat kuburan sapertos kitu tiasa diilikan kuburan atanapi makam. Kadangkala aranjeunna disimpen di jalan, sakapeung jero ruangan.
Homonim

Homonim (homoniem, Latin), asal kécapna homo (sami) sareng niem/nimum (nami), nyaéta kecap-kecap anu sami kana cariosan sareng seratanana ngan hartina bénten ku lantaran kawit ti sumber anu bénten, sapertos : bisa (kenging atanapi racun), seni ( hasil nu éndah atanapi ci ompol), buku (ruas atanapi kitab), rapet (caket atanapi panglawungan), sareng sabangsaning ti éta. Aya dua rupa homonim, nyaéta homofon sareng homograf. Homofon nyaéta kecap-kecap anu sami cariosanna, ngan bénten seratan sareng hartina, sapertos bank (lembaga) sareng bang (lanceuk), sanksi (hukuman) sareng sangsi (mangmang), rock (aliran music) sareng rok (papakéan), sareng sabangsaning ti éta. Homograf nyaéta kecap-kecap anu seratanna sami, ngan bénten cariosan sareng hartosna, sapertos téras (beranda) sareng teras (pajabat luhur), apel(bubuahan) sareng apél (upacara/kumpulan), seri (saimbang) séri (waos), sareng sabangsaning ti éta. Homogram téh homograf, dilebetna salah sahiji kecap anu asalna tina asal-usul anu bénten sareng ‘tahu’ (sinika,taufu, sabangsaning tuangeun) sareng ‘tahu’ (Indonesia, ngartos). Dina élmu homogram ngagaduhan tatali sareng paronim (para, di pipir+onima, nami), kecap anu bentukna sami sareng kecap saasal tina basa séjen, sapertos ‘awis’ (Tagalog sareng Indonesia). Cuddon (2013:516) maparinan conto paronim sapertos: ekstasis (Yunani), ecstasie (Perancis heubeul), extasis (Latin pertengahan), sareng ecstasy (Inggris).
Ondé

Ondé atawa ondé-ondé nyaéta ngaran kadaharan anu rasana amis, dijieun tina tipung ketan anu dibuleud-buleud. Di jerona dieusian ku entén atawa kacang héjo, tuluy dipuih-puih di luhureun siki wijén, nepi ka éta siki wijén téh napel minuhan bagian luarna, sanggeus kitu digoréng.
Sajarahna ondé-ondé bisa disalusur di Tiongkok dina jaman dinasti Tang. Ieu kadaharan téh dijadikeun kuéh resmi daérah Changan (kiwari Xian) nu disebut ludeui (碌堆). Ieu kadaharan téh tuluy dibawa ku nu bubuara ka wewengkon Cina kidul, tuluy ngarekahan nepi ka wewengkon séjénna di Asia.
Ondé-ondé/jin deui di Cina kalér disebut matuan (麻糰), di wewengkon wétan-kalér Cina disebut ma yuan (麻圆), sarta di Hainan disebut jen dai (珍袋). Jin deui sakapeung disebut ogé zhimaqiu (芝麻球) nu hartina bola wijén dina basa Sunda. Di Hong Kong, ieu kadaharan téh babari pisan kapanggihna, sabab méh sakabéh toko kuéh ngadagangkeun.
Basa Portugis

Basa Portugis (português (pitulung·info) atawa líungua português) nyaéta salah sahiji basa Roman anu loba diaromongkeun di Portugal, Brasil, Angola, Mozambik, Ujung Verde, sarta Timor Lésté. Yu87Basa Portugis mibanda leuwih ti 200 juta panyatur tulén, ku kituna nyaéta salah sahiji basa anu diaromongkeun sacara lega di dunya, sarta mangrupa basa anu panglobana kalima atawa kagenep di dunya.
Basa Portugis nyaéta basa anu panglobana dipaké di Amérika Kidul, alatan Brasil anu mibanda nu nyicingan 184 yuta (mangrupa kira-kira 51% ti total populasi Amérika Kidul). Basa ieu ogé nyaéta basa minoritas anu penting di Andorra, Luxemburg, sarta Namibia.
Basa Portugis sumebar ka sakumna dunya dina abad ke-15 sarta abad ke-16, waktu Portugal nyiptakeun karajaan kolonial sarta dagang kahiji anu pangkolotna di dunya. Aya leuwih ti 20 macem dialék basa Portugis.
Mustikarasa

Mustikarasa mangrupakeun judul buku anu ngadokuméntasikeun resep-resep kuliner Indonésia anu disusun ku pamaréntah Indonésia. Ieu buku diprakarsai ku Sukarno sarta digarap kalayan dibantuan ku salah saurang istrina, Hartini, ti taun 1964. Hanjakalna, alatan gerakan 30 Séptémber, karya ieu buku diburu-buru. Buku masak ieu diterbitkeun taun 1967 ku Dinas Pertanian.
Daging

Daging mangrupa bahan pangan anu penting dina minuhan kaperluan giji. Sajaba mutu protéinna luhur, dina daging aya ogé kandungan asam amino esensial anu pepek sarta saimbang. Kapinunjulan séjénna, protéin daging leuwih gampang dicerna ti batan anu asalna ti nabati. Bahan pangan ieu ogé ngandung sawatara jenis mineral sarta vitamin. Manusa ngonsumsi daging saprak dimimitianana sajarah peradaban manusa éta sorangan. Sagala rupa jenis ingon-ingon geus dimekarkeun pikeun dicokot dagingna, boh ingon-ingon badag (kawas sapi boh munding) atawa ingon-ingon leutik (kawas domba,Embé, sarta babi). Sajaba jenis ingon-ingon kasebut, sawatara ingon-ingon séjén ogé bisa digunakan minangka asal daging pikeun konsumsi manusa. Cacak kitu, daging nu panglobana dijual belikeun nyaéta daging sapi.
Daging ogé mangrupa salah sahiji menu anu alus pikeun dahar sapopoé. Daging ogé sumbet protéin hewani anu miboga mutu luhur. Daging perlu dikonsumsi ku kabéh jelema boh barudak boh jelema dewasa sangkan calakan, cageur, tumuwuh sacara normal, leuwih produktif sarta bergairah dina ngajalanan hirup. Dina ngosumsi daging, kudu bisa milih daging anu alus sarta séhat.
tips milih daging anu séhat:
1. Bersih/cerah lapisan luar garing.
2. Asalna ti imah potong sato.
3. mibanda cap pamariksaan ti pamaréntah satempat.
4. Daging anu geus ditiriskan henteu getihan.
5. Aroma ambeu henteu amis sarta henteu ambeu asam.
6. Daging masih élastis sarta henteu jeger.
Kandungan zat- zat dina sagala rupa komoditi daging (%)
No. Komoditi Kalori Protéin Lemak
1. Daging sapi 207 18,8 14
2. Daging munding 85 18,7 0,5
3. Daging embé 154 16,6 9,2
4. Daging domba 206 17,1 14,8
5. Daging hayam 302 18,2 25
6. Daging itik 326 16,0 28,6
Sosis

Sosis nyaéta kadaharan anu dijieun tina daging hayam, daging sapi, daging babi, jeung sajabana anu geus digiling, dilembutkeun sarta dibéré bungbu, dibungkus anu bentukna buleud panjang kawas peujit sato dina kaayaan atah atawa dikulub.
Nalika masak sosis aya sawatara tahap anu kudu dipigawé, nyaéta kyuring, nyieun adonan, ngeusian solongsong, ngulub, sarta digodog. Mimitina daging hayam dibersihkeun tuluy dipisahkeun ti tulangna sarta diiris lembut. Sanggeus éta daging hayam, uyah, és batu, jeung Phosmix MP dihjikeun dina blénder. Lemak, tipung sagu, susu skim, bungbu, sarta sésa és diasupkeun kana blénder, tuluy giling bari ditambahkeun minyak goréng. Adonan anu geus digiling lemes salila ieu, tuluy ditambahan squit anu bagian tungtungna geus dipasang casing, atawa maké mesin Filling sosis. Sanggeus éta adonan diasupkeun kana casing, tuluy talian tungtung casingna maké benang. Adonan nu geus diasupkeun kana casing dikulub dina suhu 60 0C salila 45 menit. Nalika ngulub, usahakeun suhu tetep stabil salila 45 menit, maké térmométer. Sosis anu geus asak bisa bisa langsung didahar.
Sosis mangrupa produk olahan daging ni miboga kandungan nilai gizi nu hadé. Komposisi gizi sosis béda-béda gumantung kana jenis daging nu dipakéna. Produk olahan sosis kaya énérgi jeung bisa dipaké salaku sumber karbohidrat. Katangtuan kualitas sosis dumasar Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 01–3820-1995) nyaéta: kadar cai maksimal 67 persen, abu maksimal 3 persen, protéin minimal 13 persen, lemak maksimal 25 persen, sarta karbohidrat maksimal 8 persen.
Glutamin

Glutamin atawa glutamina (lambangna Gln atawa Q) nyaéta asam α-amino anu dipaké dina biosintésis protéin. Ranté gigirna sarupa jeung asam glutamat, iwal gugus karboksilatna diganti ku hiji amida. Ieu asam amino kaasup polar, tanpa muatan, teu ésénsial kusabab galibna bisa disintésis di jero awak, ngan kalan-kalan butuh tambahan asupan tina dahareun. Glutamina dikode ku kodon CAA jeung CAG.
Dina getih manusa, glutamina téh asam amino bébas pangceuyahna. Asupan glutamin bisa diala tina kadaharan anu euyeub protéin, kayaning daging sapi, daging hayam, lauk, susu jeung produk olahanana, endog, ogé tina sayuran kayaning buncis, bit, bayem, wortel, peterseli, gedang, jeung kadaharan permentasi kawas miso.
Citakan:Modulator reséptor GABA Citakan:Modulator reséptor glutamata
Campolay

Campolay (Lucuma campechiana Kunth, sin. Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni) atawa campoléh, sawo mentéga, alkésah nyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu kaasup ka famili Sapotaceae (kulawarga sawo-sawoan). Ieu tutuwuhan pituin Amérika Tengah sarta diwanohkeun ka Asia Tenggara.
Biasana ieu tangkal jangkungna henteu leuwih ti 8 méter, tapi bisa nepi ka 30 méter upama kondisi lingkunganna optimal. Diaméter batangna bisa nepi ka 1 méter. Tangkalna ngahasilkeun buah nu warnana jingga semu konéng nu panjangna nepi ka 7 cm sarta bisa didahar tanpa diasakan heula. Warna buahna héjo waktu ngora sarta konéng waktu geus asak. Kulit buahna gampang soék antukna gampang ruksak. Daging buah alkésa boga tékstur jiga hui boléd konéng, amis sarta rada kesed. Urang Inggris mindeng ngabandingkeun daging buah alkésah jeung kuluban konéng endog antukna maranéhna mindeng nyebut ieu buah minangka eggfruit. Ditempo ti tékstur buahna, alkésah cocog dijadikeun bahan baku selé, dodol atawa digaringkeun jadi tipung minangka bahan kuéh.
Daunna héjo tuluy (evergreen), ipis, leucir, sarta boga ranggeuy (petiol), filotaksisna alternate, bentuk daunna ti lanceolate-oblong nepi ka obovate.
Buahna mimitina héjo, tuluy ngonéngan nalika rék asak. Bentukanna antara buleud sarta oval.
Habitat ieu tangkal nyaéta di bioma anu boga iklim tropis baseuh dina élevasi kurang ti 1.400 méter di luhureun beungeut sagara.
Baki

Baki nyaéta parabot hampang nu dirarancang pikeun mawa barang. Ari dijieunna baheula mah tina rupa-rupa bahan, kaasup pérak, kuningan, lambaran beusi, triplék, kai, mélamin, jeung tiragaji. Ari baki anu murah mah dijieunna tina tiragaji nu dipadetkeun, ogé tina mélamin anu biasana dipaké di réstoran, warung kopi, jeung sajabana. Lamun baki nu biasa dipaké di imah-imah mah nyaéta baki nu jieun tina kai jeung palastik. Mun nu pangmahalna dijieun tina kuningan jeung pérak, dipakéna mun baheula keur mangsa karajaan mah di istina-istana raja, mun kiwari mah di hotél-hotél méwah. Sawatara baki aya nu aya ceulian aya ogé nu aya sukuan, aya ogé nu bolostrong baé wangunna buleud atawa pasagi panjang. Ari baki wangunna datar, tapi mun diangkatkeun moal matak bahé atawa ngalalésér barangbawaanna téh. Kiwari baki dijieun rupa-rupa bentukna, tapi anu nu ilahar kapanggih mah bentukna oval atawa pasagi, sakapeung mah sok rada jangkungan sisina sarta aya ceulian deuih, pikeun ngagampangkeun ka nu mawana.
Historial de la Serie A de Ecuador

El siguiente es el historial de la Serie A ecuatoriana de fútbol. Entre 1957 y 2004, y en 2005 se disputó un único campeonato oficial por año, y desde 2006 se disputan un torneo por temporada. En la primera tabla se reseñan los campeones, subcampeones y goleadores de cada campeonato. En la segunda se muestran los equipos que han ascendido y descendido de la Serie A al final de cada temporada.
Antes del establecimiento de la Segunda Categoría ecuatoriana, en 1967 se jugaron un torneo de segunda división ecuatoriana y entre 1983 y 1988 se jugaron un torneo de segunda división ecuatoriana por última vez, que, en dos ocasiones vio a sus campeones ascendidos a la Serie A: Deportivo Quito (Zona Sierra) y Everest (Zona Costa) en 1967. Los primeros clubes descendidos a la Segunda Categoría fueron Patria y Español, en ese mismo año, sobre la base del puntaje negativo de la última temporada.
La Serie B ecuatoriana se estableció en 1971.
Barcelona vs. Emelec (11)
Barcelona: 7 campeonatos
Emelec: 4 campeonatos
El Nacional vs. Emelec (6)
El Nacional: 3 campeonatos
Emelec: 3 campeonatos
Barcelona vs. Liga de Quito (4)
Barcelona: 1 campeonato
Liga de Quito: 3 campeonatos
Barcelona vs. El Nacional (4)
Barcelona: 0 campeonatos
El Nacional: 4 campeonatos
Liga de Quito vs. Emelec (4)
Liga de Quito: 3 campeonatos
Emelec: 1 campeonato
Barcelona vs. Deportivo Quito (3)
Barcelona: 2 campeonatos
Deportivo Quito: 1 campeonato
El Nacional vs. Liga de Quito (3)
El Nacional: 1 campeonato
Liga de Quito: 2 campeonatos
El Nacional vs. Deportivo Cuenca (2)
El Nacional: 2 campeonatos
Deportivo Cuenca: 0 campeonatos
El Nacional vs. 9 de Octubre (2)
El Nacional: 2 campeonatos
9 de Octubre: 0 campeonatos
Liga de Quito vs. Deportivo Cuenca (2)
Liga de Quito: 2 campeonatos
Deportivo Cuenca: 0 campeonatos
Liga de Quito vs. Independiente del Valle (2)
Liga de Quito: 2 campeonatos
Independiente del Valle: 0 campeonatos
Emelec vs. Deportivo Quito (2)
Emelec: 1 campeonato
Deportivo Quito: 1 campeonato
Campeonatos consecutivos
Subcampeonatos consecutivos
Desde 1967, los equipos que más han ascendido y descendido entre las dos principales divisiones del fútbol ecuatoriano son:​
Cinco casos excepcionales​ los constituyen:
Son los únicos equipos que, siendo campeones de la Serie A, jugaron en la división anterior al año inmediatamente anterior o siguiente a dicho título y un subtítulo.
Sólo un club de la actual Serie A (véase Participantes de la Serie A de Ecuador) no ha descendido nunca a la división anterior:
Otros clubes que jamás descendieron desde su ascenso hasta el momento son: Independiente del Valle desde 2010, Orense Sporting Club desde 2020, Libertad Fútbol Club desde 2023, y Vinotinto del Ecuador Fútbol Club desde 2025, no han retornado a la Serie B.
Rocafuerte Fútbol Club

El Rocafuerte Fútbol Club es un equipo de fútbol profesional de Guayaquil, Ecuador. Fue fundado el 14 de agosto de 1994. El club juega de local en el Estadio Alejandro Ponce Noboa, ubicado en Fertisa al sur de la ciudad de Guayaquil, aunque alternará algunos partidos en el Estadio Holcim Arena, ubicado en el Complejo de Rocafuerte Fútbol Club ubicado en la Vía a la Costa. También es filial del Club Sport Emelec equipo de la Serie A de Ecuador. Actualmente juega en la Segunda Categoría de Ecuador, aunque en la actualidad debido a problemas institucionales no ha participado desde el año 2024 en este campeonato.
Está afiliado a la Asociación de Fútbol del Guayas.
Desde los inicios Rocafuerte F.C se desempeñó en obtener el ascenso a la división de privilegio, comenzó siendo unos de los mejores equipos en formar a los mejores jugadores que tiene el fútbol ecuatoriano como lo es: Felipe Caicedo, Jordan Jaime Plata, Brayan Angulo y entre otros.
En el 2016 el presidente del club del Astillero llegaron a un acuerdo para tener, a orden de Emelec al club de Rocafuerte, con el objetivo de usar los jóvenes del club en el Emelec y los jugadores que no tiene espacios en la primera plantilla jugar en Rocafuerte. Poniendo desde el 2017 filial oficial del cuadro "eléctrico".
Nuevo Estadio Azul

The Nuevo Estadio Azul is a planned stadium in Mexico City, intended to replace the Estadio Azul, the former home of football club Cruz Azul.
The building that would replace the present Estadio Azul exists on paper, though it has yet to be started. It will have four levels of underground parking, (first to be constructed), and two levels for commercial enterprises, besides a ceiling that would cover the divided launching slips high and general generally low.
There are to be three levels of theater boxes. This first draft constitutes the idea of the new home of Cruz Azul, that not only would lodge to La Maquina in its encounter like the premises, but also would be available for concerts and spectacles of all type. Recently, the president of Cruz Azul, Guillermo Alvarez Cuevas, said that the project may yet begin in 2012, once problems, like delegation permissions and negotiations with zone neighbors, are solved. One solution would be for the Cosío family, which owns the present building, to turn over ownership to Cruz Azul, while the former would use the levels destined for commercial enterprises.
However, before work begins, several issues need to be resolved. First, the pertinent permissions of the Delegation Benito Juárez and the Secretary of Urban Development and House of Mexico City must be obtained, as they will soon sign an agreement with the Cosío company. In addition, this project needs to be elaborated upon, as it has a projected cost of $2 million. Furthermore, Cruz Azul must specify what role they will play during construction. All this must be approved by President Guillermo Alvarez Cuevas and the General Assembly of the Cruz Azul Cooperative.
Atlético Monte Azul

Atlético Monte Azul, commonly referred to as Monte Azul, is a professional association football club based in Monte Azul Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil. The team competes in Campeonato Paulista Série A3, the third tier of the São Paulo state football league, and in Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. The stadium, Estádio Otacília Patrício Arroyo, is located at 33, Rua Monteiro Lobato.
Atlético Monte Azul were founded on April 28, 1920, by several people, including José Cione, who suggested the name Monte Azul. In the late 1940s, the club professionalized their football department, and joined the Campeonato Paulista in 1950. The club won the Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão in 2004. Monte Azul won the Campeonato Paulista Série A2 in 2009, after beating Rio Branco in the final. thus being promoted to compete in the 2010 Campeonato Paulista.
Monte Azul play their home games at Estádio do Atlético Monte Azul, commonly known as AMA. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 11,109 people.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Ángel Mena

Ángel Israel Mena Delgado (born 21 January 1988) is an Ecuadorian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga MX club Pachuca and the Ecuador national team.
Mena had extended his contract until 2017 with Club Sport Emelec. He played in 129 games for the national championship and scored 25 goals, according to records of the Ecuadorian Football Federation (FEF).
He debuted in the first division in 2007. He scored his first official goal on 16 March 2008 at the Técnico Universitario.
In 2010, he was loaned to Deportivo Cuenca. In 2011, he returns to Club Sport Emelec, and was champion in 2013 and 2014.
After scoring 14 goals as Emelec won the 2014 championship, Mena extended his contract with the club for two years in February 2015. Mena scored the first goal in the 2014 Ecuadorian Serie A season final match against Barcelona SC, winning 3–0.
In 2017 Mena joined Mexican side Cruz Azul. On 12 February Mena scored an impressive free-kick goal against Santos Laguna which earned Cruz Azul a 2–2 draw.
In April 2014, being in Emelec, Mena was first called up to the Ecuador national football team, led by coach Reinaldo Rueda, for a microcycle. Mena was called for Ecuador's provisional 30-man squad for World Cup 2014 in Brazil.
Later in 2014, the interim coach of the Ecuador national team, Sixto Vizuete called up Mena to play friendly matches against Bolivia and Brazil. However, Mena suffered an injury that prevented him playing with the national team.
Mena made his debut on 28 March 2015 in a match against Mexico, coming in as a sub for Jefferson Montero.
Mena was selected in the 23 player Ecuador squad for the Copa América Centenario.
Mena was selected in the 23-man Ecuador squad for the 2019 Copa América.
Mena was selected in the 28 player Ecuador squad for the 2021 Copa América.
Mena was named in the Ecuadorian squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
Mena was called up to the final 26-man Ecuador squad for the 2024 Copa América.
Mena is married to Shirley Posligua with whom he has two daughters. He and his family are devout Christians. Mena is good friends with fellow footballer Joao Rojas with whom he shared a locker while at Emelec, the fact that Rojas played for Cruz Azul was a significant factor in motivating Mena to join the club.
Emelec
Cruz Azul
León
Individual
Augusto Poroso

Augusto Jesús Poroso Caicedo (born 13 April 1974) is an Ecuadorian football (soccer) defender who played for Club Social y Deportivo Macará.
He played mostly for CS Emelec. He also played for the Peruvian soccer club Alianza Lima.
Poroso played for the Ecuador national football team and was a participant at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
1996–97 Atletico Celaya season

The 1996–97 Atletico Celaya season was the 2nd season since the team's last promotion to Primera División. Celaya competed in Primera División and Copa México
During summer the club clinched the arrival of former Spain international Midfielder Míchel from Real Madrid and Defender Ivan Hurtado from Emelec. In January former Mexico international Forward Hugo Sanchez signed in from Dallas Burn after being released. Meanwhile, club star and starter Forward Emilio Butragueno was injured several weeks.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Kig-ha-farz

Ar c'hig-ha-farz zo ur meuz breizhat hag a vez debret e Bro-Leon dreist-holl, met a gaver muioc'h-mui e Breizh a-bezh.
Ennañ ez eus meur a seurt kig, kig-bevin ha kig-moc'h poazhet en dour gant legumaj (kaol, karotez, pour, irvin, ognon,...) ha gant fars-sac'h.
Ar fars-sac'h zo fars, pe toaz graet gant laezh, vioù ha bleud gwinizh (farz gwenn) pe bleud gwinizh-du (farz du), ha poazhet en ur sac'h-fars. Servijet e vez troc'het a jelkennoù, pe bruzunet, asambles gant ar c'hig hag al legumaj.
Gant ar c'hig-ha-farz e vezer boaz da ginnig « lipig », chaous graet gant chalotez troc'het a dammoù bihan ha poazhet e-barzh an amann.
Gwechall e oa ar meuz-se boued pennañ al labourerien-douar e Bro-Leon (hep kalz a gig alies). Meur a rekipe disheñvelik zo da ober kig-ha-farz, hervez an terouer.