Mgbasa osisi

Mgbatị osisi - nke a makwaara dị ka ogwe osisi ma ọ bụ ogwe osisi, - bụ usoro nke itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ, ihe na-eguzogide osisi, ma ọ bụ fatịlaịza n'ime anụ ahụ xylem nke osisi na ebumnuche nke ichebe osisi ahụ pụọ na ụmụ ahụhụ, ma ọ bụkwa ịgba ọgwụ na-edozi ahụ iji dozie ụkọ nri. Usoro a na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ijikọta usoro vascular nke osisi iji gbanwee ma kesaa ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ime osisi, okpokoro na mgbọrọgwụ ebe nchebe ma ọ bụ nri na-edozi ahụ dị mkpa.
Mgbatị osisi bụ usoro kachasị ewu ewu ugbu a maka ịchịkwa ụmụ ahụhụ na-emebi ihe, pathogens, na nematodes na nlekọta osisi ala.
E mepụtara ogwe osisi maka iji ya mee ihe na nnukwu osisi na nso obodo ukwu ebe ala na ikuku na-adịghị mma n'ihi nnukwu ọnwụ ọgwụ ahụhụ ma ọ bụ na-ekwe ka ọ ghara ịdị n'ihi ikpughe mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, isi ihe na-akpali iji ọgwụ osisi eme ihe abụwo mkpa zuru oke maka ịchịkwa ọtụtụ pathogens osisi na ụmụ ahụhụ na-awakpo. Ihe atụ kachasị njọ bụ nke Ophiostoma fungi nke na-akpata Dutch Elm Disease (DED) na ụmụ ahụhụ Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) nke nwere ihe ndị dị ndụ pụrụ iche nke na-eduga na nnukwu mmebi n'ime osisi ma si otú a nwụọ osisi, nke na-eme ka nlekọta ha sie ike ma ọ bụ ghara ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na usoro itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ. A na-ele ọgwụ mgbochi osisi anya dị ka ihe ọzọ dị nchebe na gburugburu ebe obibi maka itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebute compound n'ime osisi ahụ, si otú a na-enye ohere maka ikpughe ihe ọkụkụ. N'ime ala na mpaghara obodo ukwu, injection trunk na-ebelata n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama ikpughe mmiri, ala, ikuku, na anụ ọhịa na ọgwụ ahụhụ na fatịlaịza. N'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga, ọgwụ osisi na-enweta ume site na mmepe na nnweta nke ngwaọrụ injection ọhụrụ, nke dị irè na ọgwụ injectable na xylem mobile formulations nke pesticides, biopesticides na nutrients.
Mgbakwunye ogwe osisi na-arụ ọrụ site na ịgbakwunye kemịkal na-agbaze mmiri kpọmkwem n'ime ogwe osisi dị ala. [otú?
Ọtụtụ nje na-emepe emepe na ngwa ngwa na-agbasa na ọrịa ndị na-awakpo ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa dịka Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB) (Euwallacea spp.), nke nwere ike ibute nje fungus Fusarium euwallaceae, na Sudden Oak Death (SOD) nke Oomycete Phytophthora ramorum kpatara, na-eguzobe ojiji nke ogwe osisi usoro nchebe kachasị mma na ala na ọhịa obodo. [dị ka onye si kwuo?
N'oge gara aga na n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-enyocha ọgwụ ahụhụ na ihe na-eguzogide osisi [ịkọwapụta dị mkpa] n'ọrụ ugbo maka ịchịkwa pathogens na ụmụ ahụhụ na-egbu egbu na osisi mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ vaịn. Ndị a na-enyocha nke ọma bụ ọrịa na ihe na-egbu egbu nke avocado, apụl, na mkpụrụ vaịn, dị ka Phytophthora mgbọrọgwụ rot nke avocado Phytophphthora cinnamomi na avocado thrips Scirtothrips perseae, ọkụ Erwinia amylovora na apple scab Venturia inaequalis, oblique banded leaf roller Choristoneura rosaceana na codling moth Cydia pomonella, na mkpụrụvaịn downy mildew Plasmopara viticola na powdery necator. Osisi apụl na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa dị ka ihe nlereanya nyocha n'ọrụ ugbo ebe ọ bụ na a maara na mmepụta apụl chọrọ usoro mgbasa siri ike maka ịchịkwa fungus pathogenic V. inaequalis na ihe ruru 15-22 sprays nke fungicides kwa oge na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ.
A na-ewere ọgwụ ahụhụ dị ka nhọrọ maka nnyefe zuru oke nke ga-ebelata mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke ọgwụ ahụhụ na-efu na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-eme mgbe ikuku ma ọ bụ ala gbasịrị ọgwụ ahụhụ. E wezụga nsonaazụ ọjọọ nke itinye ọgwụ ahụhụ ugboro ugboro na gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-enyocha ọgwụ mkpụrụ vaịn na viticulture maka ịchịkwa pathogens nwere ihe siri ike nke na-emetụta ma na-ebibi anụ ahụ osisi na nke a na-enweghị ike ịchịkwa nke ọma site na itinye fungicides. Iji mee ka arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị a na-etinye n'ime osisi na osisi vaịn, ihe ndị dị mkpa a na-atụle bụ anatomy nke osisi, ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ala osisi, usoro physiology, nkesa nke oghere na oge nke ihe ndị e tinyere n'ime ya, na ihe ndị dị na kemịkal nke ihe ndị ahụ a na-enye na nhazi.