davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
SuperValu

Is sraith ollmhargaí é SuperValu i bPoblacht na hÉireann agus i dTuaisceart Éireann. Tá cúpla siopa sa Spáinn acu freisin. Is é an grúpa Musgrave úinéir an chomhlachta.
Bhunaigh Musgrave an comhlacht sa bhliain 1960 mar VG. Sa bhliain 1979 athraíodh ainm na siopaí móra de chuid VG chuig SuperValu, agus athraíodh ainm na siopaí beaga chuig Centra.
Tá SuperValu tar éis neart comhlachtaí a cheannach, H Williams, L&N agus Wellworths ina measc.
Tá siopaí SuperValu go léir ina seancheadúnais (franchises).
Tá trí bhranda acu le haghaidh a gcuid earraí: SuperValu, an gnáthbhranda; SuperValu Nice Price, branda lascaine; agus SuperValu Supreme, branda a bhfuil na hearraí ar ardchaighdeán.
Superquinn

Is sraith ollmhargaí é Superquinn i bPoblacht na hÉireann.
Bhunaigh Feargal Quinn an comhlacht i 1960 i nDún Dealgan. I 2005 cheannaigh Select Retail Holdings Superquinn ó chlann Quinn. Níl aon siopa acu i gCúige Uladh nó Cúige Chonnacht ach tá a lán siopaí acu i gCúige Laighean, ach go háirithe timpeall Baile Átha Cliath. Tá trí shiopa acu i gCúige Mumhan freisin.
Lidl

Is sraith ollmhargaí ollmhór dhomhanda é Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG. Glaotar Lidl ar a gcuid siopaí.
Bunaíodh Lidl sa Ghearmáin sna 1930idí. Anois tá níos mó ná 6,000 siopaí acu ar fud an domhain (3,000 sa Ghearmáin).
I 1988 d'oscail siad a chéad shiopa taobh amuigh den Ghearmáin sa Fhrainc.
Is é an grúpa Schwarz úinéir an chomhlachta.
Asda

Is sraith ollmhargaí é Asda sa Ríocht Aontaithe.
Cheannaigh an grúpa Wal-Mart Asda sa bhliain 1999. Ansin cheannaigh Asda an grúpa Safeway Stores (Ireland) i dTuaisceart Éireann ón ngrúpa Morrisons.
Nuair a cheannaigh Wal-Mart Asda, d'fhás Asda go tapa, agus tá 264 ollmhargadh acu faoi láthair, le breis is 150,00 duine fostaithe iontu. Tagann an t-ainm as Asquith Dairies
Bhunaigh Sam Walton an grúpa miondíolacháin seo sa bhliain 1962, ar dtús thosaigh an cuideachta le siopa amháin faoin ainm "Walton's five and Dime" agus d'fhás sé go han-tapa. Cheannaigh an grúpa ollmhargaí idirnáisiúnta, ar nós Asda, agus tá breis is 1.9 milliún duine fostaithe acu anois ar fud an domhain.
Is é "Saving You Money Every Day" mana na cuideachta faoi láthair.
Bia

Is bia damhna ar bith, comhdhéanta de carbaihiodráití, saill, próitéiní agus uisce, ar féidir ainmhí nó duine a ithe nó a ól, chun iad féin a chothú nó mar is mian leo é. Is ó phlandaí, ainmhithe nó ó fungais a fhaightear nó a dhéantar bia. Mura itheann ainmhithe nó daoine bia, gheobhaidh siad bás leis an ocras.
Ceiliúrtar Lá Domhanda an Bhia gach bliain ar an 16 Deireadh Fómhair.
Aiste bia

Is éard atá i gceist le haiste bia ná an cuingriú bianna a sholáthraíonn na cothaithigh riachtanacha don cholainn. Déantar aistí bia a rangú i gcaighdeáin de réir cothromaíocht na gcothaitheach a ionghabhtar, agus ní de réir na gcineálacha bia a itear go príomha.
Go minic úsáidtear an téarma ar theorannú le hionghabháil calraí le haghaidh tanaithe. Le fírinne, is aiste bia ísealchalrach é seo, díreach mar is féidir aiste bia atá íseal i saill nó salann, nó aiste bia le neart snáithín a bheith ag duine.
D’fhéadfaí a rá gur daoine a bhfuil ‘riachtanas speisialta cothaithe’ acu iad na daoine a dtugtar comhairle dóibh nó a roghnaíonn gan glacadh le moltaí cothaithe forleathana. D’fhéadfadh sé seo tarlú ar chúiseanna leighis (m.sh. galar céiliach, ailléirgí bia, éadulaingt ar bhia, galar putóige athlastaí) nó ar chúiseanna nach mbaineann le leigheas (m.sh. aistí bia veigeatóracha, cúiseanna reiligiúnacha nó cultúrtha, srl).
Is mór a théann aiste bia i bhfeidhm ar chúrsaí sláinte. Bhí eolas ar an gceangal idir aiste bia is galair ag na Sínigh chomh luath leis an 14ú céad.
Is ionann galair a bhaineann le haiste bia (nó galair ainsealacha a bhaineann le cothú bia) agus galair a thagann chun cinn mar gheall ar aiste bia nach réitíonn le moltaí cothaithe forleathana. Is samplaí de ghalair ainsealacha iad murtall, diaibéiteas, galar cardashoithíoch, oistéapóróis agus galar fiacla.
Déanann Údarás Sábháilteachta Bia na hÉireann taighde ar shábháilteacht bia; Déanann sé faireachas ar ghalar a bhaineann le haiste bia, lena n-áirítear murtall.
Nimhiú bia

Tinneas is ea nimhiú bia a tharlaíonn mar gheall ar ithe bia nó ól dí atá truaillithe le miocrorgánaigh ionfhabhtaithe nó ceimiceán a chuireann isteach ar an gconair ghastrastéigeach agus a chuireann tús le hurlacan is buinneach.
I measc na gcúiseanna a fhéadfaidh a bheith leis, tá Salmonella agus ispíneachas. Is féidir le nimhiú neamhbhaictéarach bia tarlú tar éis beacáin nimhiúla nó éisc shliogánacha áirithe a ithe.
Ailléirge bia

Fíorfhrithghníomh ailléirgeach d'ábhar bia éigin, fianaise ar fhreagairt mhínormálta imdhíoneolaíoch. Cuirtear tús leis an bhfrithghníomh le déanamh imdhíonaglóbailiní (IgE, IgG nó IgM) a chuireann tús le fuascailt ábhar (a dtugtar cininí orthu) a chuireann tús ar a seal le hathlasadh is damáiste d'fhíocháin. Is féidir go mbeidh coimpléisc imdhíonacha in imshruthú na fola tar éis an bia a ithe, agus is féidir an riocht a dhiagnóisiú go héasca trí ardú i leibhéal imdhíonaglóbailine (IgE) sa bhfuil nó, roimh an mbia a ithe, an craiceann a thástáil is freagairt imdhíonach a mhúscailt air leis an ábhar bia.
An Eagraíocht Bhia agus Talmhaíochta

Gníomhaireacht speisialta de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe a phléann le talmhaíocht is cothú is ea an Eagraíocht Bhia agus Talmhaíochta nó Foras Bia agus Talmhaíochta na Náisiún Aontaithe (an EBT nó an FAO, Food and Agriculture Organisation).
Bunaíodh ar an 16 Deireadh Fómhair 1945 í, agus tá a príomhoifig sa Róimh.
Stiúrann an EBT taighde is suirbhéanna, foilsíonn staitisticí i leith talmhaíochta, foraoiseachta is iascaireachta, a dtáirgí is a ndáileadh.
Soláthraíonn an EBT cabhair theicniúil chun táirgiúlacht sna réimsí seo a fheabhsú, gorta a sheachaint, agus caighdeán beatha daoine faoin tuath a chur chun cinn.
Stiúrann sí taighde ar chothú, agus foilsíonn caighdeáin cothaithe is réamh-mheastacháin ar riachtanais is soláthar bia ar fud an domhain.
Ceiliúrtar an "Lá Domhanda Bia" ar an 16 Deireadh Fómhair gach blain.
SuperValu (Ireland)

SuperValu is a supermarket chain that operates throughout the island of Ireland. SuperValu is operated as a symbol group; each supermarket is independently owned, with individual owners using the SuperValu format and selling the chain's own brand products. SuperValu outlets tend to be larger than the convenience shop formats used by many other symbol group retailers such as Centra, Gala and Spar, and the larger SuperValu units are on a par with full-service supermarkets. Their main competitors are Dunnes Stores and Tesco.
The supermarket was founded on 27 June 1968 (1968-6-27) out of the larger outlets in Musgrave's VG chain (originally formed in 1960). The smaller VG shops became Centra. From a base of sixteen supermarkets (mainly in Munster), SuperValu had 182 shops in the Republic of Ireland and 36 in Northern Ireland as of 2004. Along the way, Musgrave has pursued a policy of buying shops itself and then re-leasing them to franchisees, acquiring some of the insolvent H Williams shops in 1987, L&N in 1995, and Wellworths (in Northern Ireland) in 1996.
Wellworths-SuperValu was a trading name used briefly by Musgrave in Northern Ireland following its acquisition of small-to-medium Wellworths outlets in 1996. This was to distinguish from larger Wellworths supermarkets which were acquired by Safeway Stores (Ireland), a joint venture between Fitzwilton and Safeway (UK). In due course, the Wellworths name was entirely dropped.
SuperValu previously operated supermarkets in larger Roches Stores locations under the name "SuperValu at Roches Stores" for many years.
Superquinn was bought by the Musgrave Group, parent of SuperValu, in 2011. In August 2013, it was announced that all Superquinn supermarkets would be rebranded to SuperValu. The rebranding was completed in February 2014. As a result, SuperValu became the second-largest supermarket chain in the Republic of Ireland by grocery spend.
SuperValu's stores in Spain are branded as Dialprix, Musgrave's Spanish business. Due to this, the SuperValu brand name no longer exists in Spain.
Metrication in Ireland

Metrication in the Republic of Ireland happened mostly in the 20th century and was officially completed in 2005, with a few exceptions.
The island of Ireland gradually adopted the British imperial measurement system, fully replacing traditional Irish measure during the 19th century, and these units continued to be used after the independence of the Irish Free State (1922) and the establishment of the Republic of Ireland (1937/49). The Irish Free State joined the Metre Convention in 1925. In 1980 the European Union asked all of its member states to convert to the metric system, and in Ireland and the UK this process was originally to have been completed by 2009. Metrication succeeded in Ireland with the changeover fully completed in 2005, with some exceptions.
During the First World War and after the Easter Rising, Charles A Stanuell, former President of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland, published a paper advocating the use of the metric system and a decimal currency in the UK, of which Ireland was then a part.
Metrication in Ireland began in the 1970s and by 2005 was completed, with the main exception being that the imperial pint (568 ml) is still used in eateries and pubs for reasons of tradition. The phrase a "glass of beer" is a colloquial expression for a half-pint (284 ml). All other loose goods sold by volume must be sold using metric units.
Distances shown on directional road signs had displayed kilometres since the 1970s but road speed limits were in miles per hour until 20 January 2005, when they were changed to kilometres per hour. Since 2005 all new cars sold in Ireland have speedometers that display only kilometres per hour; odometers generally became metric as well.
The metric system is the only system taught in schools. Beginning in 1970, textbooks were changed to metric. Goods in shops are labelled in metric units.
In 2006, it became apparent that the 2009 cut-off for the use of Imperial supplementary units could cause problems in US-EU trade. After consultation, EU Directive 2009/3/EC of 11 March 2009, among other measures, permitted:
These amendments were published on 7 May 2009 and became effective on 1 January 2010.
Shop 'n Save

Shop ’n Save was a grocery store chain in the Greater St. Louis market with 36 stores at its peak. The company, headquartered in Kirkwood, Missouri, was a wholly owned subsidiary of SuperValu, based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota.
SuperValu also licenses the Shop ’n Save name to 90 stores in Western Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio, West Virginia, and Maryland. These stores are supplied through the SuperValu Wholesale division. In July 2016, Supervalu purchased 22 Food Lion locations in Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Virginia. These stores would not be a part of SuperValu’s corporately owned Shop 'n Save retail banner and they planned to offer these stores to their wholesale customers to operate. In August 2018, it was announced that 13 of the formerly purchased Food Lion locations would be closed in September 2018. On November 19th, 2018, all remaining Shop 'n Save locations closed.
Shop ’n Save was founded in 1979 as a grocery store in Belleville, Illinois. The chain included 33 stores in Greater St. Louis, and 3 additional stores in Springfield, Illinois.
The chain was acquired by Ted Wetterau in 1982. In 1992, Wetterau Inc. was acquired by SuperValu, and Shop ’n Save has been a subsidiary of SuperValu ever since.
Shop 'n Save largely operated as a "hybrid" of a full-service grocery like its St. Louis-area competitors, Schnucks and Dierbergs, and discount grocers such as Aldi. Like a full-service store, its stores had a large square footprint and included a deli, butcher, large liquor section, and pharmacy, but like a discount grocer its furnishings were much more spartan, a substantial portion of its items for sale were private-label, and shoppers bagged their own purchases (though unlike at some discount supermarkets paper and plastic bags are provided free of charge).
In December 2007, the Wood River, IL, location opened the chain's first Fuel Express Center, and later added a second one in Alton, IL, in March 2008. Along with the fuel pumps, Shop 'n Save also started offering a fuel rewards program in January 2008. It allowed customers to save up to 9 cents per gallon, depending on how much they spend on groceries.
In April 2018, SuperValu announced it was pursuing the sale of corporately owned Shop ’n Save stores in the St. Louis market as well as 21 of the former Food Lion locations it purchased in 2016. On September 18, 2018, SuperValu announced it was selling 19 of its locations to Schnucks Markets with the remaining locations to be closed by November 19.
KBC Bank Ireland

KBC Bank Ireland plc was a bank in Ireland with offices in Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway, Waterford and Belfast.
It was established in 1972 as Irish Intercontinental Bank. In 1978 KBC Bank, which is headquartered in Brussels, acquired a 75% interest. KBC Bank acquired a full 100% shareholding in IIB in 1999, and in 2000 the bank's name changed to IIB Bank. On 27 October 2008, the 30th anniversary of KBC's majority ownership, the bank was renamed KBC Bank Ireland plc.
KBC Bank Ireland provided a wide range of banking services including Corporate, Commercial and Business Banking, Private Banking and Treasury & Capital Markets. Its mortgage division, KBC Homeloans, was a leading mortgage provider in Ireland.
KBC began operating a branch network in 2012 with a further build-out in 2014. This followed the exit of Halifax Ireland and Danske Bank from the Irish retail market, with some branches being located in former locations of those banks.
KBC initiated a high-profile property repossession in Strokestown, in County Roscommon in December 2018. Following this, there was a violent attack by a gang of masked men on the team employed by KBC to occupy the house.
In April 2021, KBC entered into talks with Bank of Ireland to sell its performing loan book and announced its intention to withdraw from Ireland.
KBC had 1000+ employees in Ireland in the following companies:
Small Town, Big Story

Small Town, Big Story is a television series created by Chris O'Dowd in association with Sky Studios and filmed in Ireland. The series stars Christina Hendricks and Paddy Considine in main roles while O'Dowd and Hendricks also serve as executive producers. The series premiered on 27 February 2025.
The series is set in the fictional rural Northern Irish town of Drumbán, where Hollywood producer Wendy Patterson returns with a major film production, only to shine a spotlight on a hidden secret: the town has a long history of attracting interstellar visitors, a phenomenon she has witnessed and kept quiet about for a quarter of a century.
The series is created and written by Chris O'Dowd. He wrote the show during the Covid-19 pandemic whilst in lockdown on a production in Canada. He has described it as a "cultural cousin" to his 2010s series Moone Boy, with both productions sharing a lot of the same crew.
O'Dowd is also a director on the series alongside Catherine Morshead, Mike Ahern and Enda Loughman. Playground Entertainment and FilmNation Entertainment also produce in association with Sky Studios. Colin Callender and Scott Huff are executive producers for Playground, Stefanie Berk and Milan Popelka are executive producers for FilmNation Entertainment and Alex Moody is executive producer for Sky Studios. Christina Hendricks and O’Dowd are also executive producers with Liz Gill the series producer.
The cast is led by Hendricks alongside Paddy Considine, and also includes Clarke Peters, Tim Heidecker, David Rawle, Eileen Walsh, Leia Murphy, Patrick Martins, Evanne Kilgallon, Andrew Bennett, Ruth McCabe and David Wilmot as well as Michėle Forbes and Peter McGann and a cameo appearance from O'Dowd. There are also roles for Susan Lynch, Sam C. Wilson and Maeve Higgins.
The six-part series was filmed on location around County Wicklow and Boyle, County Roscommon, with production starting by September 2023 and wrapping in February 2024.
The series premiered on Sky Atlantic and Sky Max in the United Kingdom on 27 February 2025.
Small Town, Big Story holds an 67% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on six reviews, with an average score of 5.6/10.
Echoes (Binchy novel)

Echoes is a 1985 novel by the Irish author Maeve Binchy. As Binchy's second novel, it explores various themes of Irish small-town life, including social classes and expectations, the paucity of educational opportunities before the introduction of free secondary education in 1967, and women's roles. A four-part television miniseries was adapted from the novel in 1988.
Set in the fictional Irish seaside resort town of Castlebay, the novel follows the lives of several local families between the years 1950 and 1962. The primary three families act as a counterbalance to one another: the wealthy Powers, whose father is the local doctor and mother is a city girl from Dublin; the struggling O'Briens, who eke out a living from the eleven-week long summer season in their grocery-confectionery shop; and the charming but secretive Doyles, whose father runs the local photography concession. Their children's lives are guided by their social class and expectations: young David Power goes off to Dublin to earn his medical degree, following in his father's footsteps, while young Gerry Doyle stays in the town and inherits his father's business. Only Clare O'Brien seeks to advance beyond her station and go to college. With the help of a local schoolteacher who was herself a scholarship student, Clare earns scholarships to secondary school and university, and ends up at University College Dublin to pursue her degree. There she falls in love with David Power and they move in together, unbeknownst to their families; but when she becomes pregnant, they are forced to marry.They return to Castlebay so David can begin assuming his father's practice, but Clare is desperately unhappy being relegated to a second-class position in the Power family and in the town. Gerry, who has a secret passion for Clare, tries to entice her away from David but the book ends with his dramatic death and the strengthening of Clare's marriage.
Subplots revolve around Clare's teacher, whose brother Sean, a priest, has married and had children with a Japanese woman but is unable to obtain a laicization from Rome; Clare's brothers, who go to work in England and one of whom ends up in jail; and upper-class summer visitors from Dublin who become involved with the locals in intimate ways.
Small-town mores and narrow-mindedness affect the lives of all the characters in Castlebay. The paucity of educational opportunities in small towns before the introduction of free secondary education in 1967 is also a central theme. Binchy explores the opportunities for women afforded by travel and migration, as Clare and David find freedom in Dublin and Sean's Japanese wife enjoys raising her children in England.
Echoes was Binchy's second novel. It has been cited as one of Binchy's most popular titles. It was selected as a Literary Guild alternate.
A four-part television miniseries was adapted from the novel in 1988. The series was produced for Channel 4 by Working Title Films in association with RTÉ.
Belfast suburban rail

The Belfast suburban rail commuter network serves the metropolitan area of Greater Belfast and some of its commuter towns with three lines. The network is owned by Translink and operated by its subsidiary NI Railways.
Stations - Belfast Grand Central, City Hospital, Botanic, Lanyon Place, York Street, Whiteabbey, Jordanstown, Greenisland, Trooperslane, Clipperstown, Carrickfergus, Downshire, Whitehead, Ballycarry, Magheramorne, Glynn, Larne Town, Larne Harbour.
Stations - Belfast Grand Central, Adelaide, Balmoral, Finaghy, Dunmurry, Derriaghy, Lambeg, Hilden, Lisburn, Moira, Lurgan, Portadown.
This line has the potential to be extended from Portadown to Armagh city centre by reopening the railway line. Government Minister for the Department for Regional Development, Danny Kennedy MLA indicates railway restoration plans of the line from Portadown to Armagh.
Stations - Belfast Grand Central, Botanic, City Hospital, Belfast Lanyon Place, Titanic Quarter, Sydenham, Holywood, Marino, Cultra, Seahill, Helen's Bay, Carnalea, Bangor West, Bangor.
Lista roja de patrimonio en peligro

La Lista Roja de Patrimonio español en peligro es un listado creado por la asociación española sin ánimo de lucro Hispania Nostra en el año 2006. Dicha lista aspira a recoger aquellos elementos del Patrimonio Histórico español que se encuentren sometidos a riesgo de desaparición, destrucción o alteración esencial de sus valores.​​​ Se sale de la lista roja:
El conjunto del patrimonio en peligro ha sido dividido en 4 categorías, las cuales a su vez están divididas en varias subcategorías. Esta división incluye tanto patrimonio artístico como natural.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
No contiene la lista verde ni negra.
Iglesia de Santo Domingo (Loja)

La Iglesia de Santo Domingo es una de las primeras Iglesias de la ciudad de Loja, en Ecuador.
Desde 1557 a 1600 tuvo lugar la construcción de esta iglesia, donde se aloja la imagen de la Virgen del Rosario traída desde Sevilla en 1550. En el interior de esta iglesia se encuentra la imagen del cristo crucificado, que podría ser obra del indígena quiteño Caspicara, las dos torres de aguja resaltan en esta iglesia,
Está situada en las calles Bolívar y Rocafuerte, en el barrio Santo Domingo, en la parroquia El Sagrario en el centro de la ciudad.
(enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el [ historial, la [ primera versión y la [ última).
Isla Rábida

La isla Rábida (también conocida antes como Isla Jervis) es una isla ecuatoriana que forma parte del archipiélago de las islas Galápagos, en el océano Pacífico. Está ubicada al sur de la isla Santiago, al Noreste de Isabela, y al noroeste de Santa Cruz, a unos 965 km (600 millas) de la costa firme de Ecuador.
Lleva el nombre del Convento de La Rábida, donde Cristóbal Colón dejó a su hijo durante su viaje de conquista a América. El nombre anterior en inglés era por un almirante británico del siglo XVIII de nombre John Jervis. Tiene una superficie de 4,9 km² y una altitud máxima de 367 metros. El alto contenido de hierro de la lava de Rábida ocasiona que la isla tenga un característico color rojizo. Ocasionalmente se pueden observar flamencos en una laguna de agua salada cerca de la playa, donde pelícanos y piqueros construyen sus nidos. Se han registrado nueve especies de pinzones en esta isla.
En 1971, el Servicio de Parques Nacionales de Ecuador logró erradicar las cabras de la isla Rábida. Esta especie alteró el entorno natural y llevó a la extinción de varias criaturas nativas, incluyendo gecos, iguanas terrestres y las ratas de arroz.
Rábida es una de las islas de más variada actividad volcánica en el archipiélago.
Durante enero de 2011, el Parque Nacional Galápagos, asistidos por Island Conservation eliminaron a los roedores invasores de la isla para así beneficiar a los pingüinos de Galápagos y Scalesia stewartii (un árbol que forma margaritas y es el equivalente vegetal de uno de los pinzones de Darwin).​
Chestnut-fronted macaw

The chestnut-fronted macaw or severe macaw (Ara severus) is one of the largest of the mini-macaws. It reaches a size of around 45 cm (18 in) of which around half is the length of the tail.
They can be found over a large part of Northern South America from Panama south into Amazonian Brazil and central Bolivia. A feral population is found in Florida.
Their lifespan is listed as anything from 30 to 80 years of age.
The chestnut-fronted macaw was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus severus. This macaw is now one of the eight extant species placed the genus Ara that was erected in 1799 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède. The genus name is from ará meaning "macaw" in the Tupi language of Brazil. The word is an onomatopoeia based on the sound of their call. The specific epithet severus is Latin meaning "grim", "cruel" or "stern". The species is considered to be monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
The chestnut-fronted or severe macaw is mostly green in colour with patches of red and blue on the wings. The head has a chestnut brown patch just above the beak. The beak is black and the patches around the eyes are white with lines of small black feathers. It is the only one of the miniature macaws that has lines of feathers in the bare patches around its eyes. In the wild their typically gregarious personality can become more aggressive at puberty giving them the name Severe. This tendency can be curbed in captivity but the species requires significant handling to make a tame pet. It is 45–50 cm (17.5–19.5 in) long and weighs 300–410 g (11–14 oz).
The chestnut-fronted macaw nest in a hole in a tree. The eggs are white and there are usually two or three in a clutch. The female incubates the eggs for about 28 days, and the chicks fledge from the nest about 70 days after hatching.
House of Israel (Ghana)

The House of Israel is a Jewish community located in southwestern Ghana, in the towns of Sefwi Wiawso and Sefwi Sui. This group of people, mostly of the Sefwi tribe, built a synagogue in 1998. Many of the men and children read English, but no one knows Hebrew.
The people of Sefwi Wiawso trace a call for a "return" to normative Judaism by Aaron Ahomtre Toakyirafa, a community leader who, in 1976, is said to have had a vision. In 2012, Gabrielle Zilkha, a Toronto-based filmmaker, visited Sefwe Wiawso to do research for a documentary about the House of Israel she is making. According to Zilkha, about 200 people—mostly children—live in the community. She states that the lack of a historical record makes it difficult to verify the group's claims, but that there is an oral tradition dating back 200 years.
In the 1990s, the House of Israel began to reach out to the wider Jewish world. The community worked with Jewish organizations such as Kulanu and Be'chol Lashon.
A smaller community of Jews from the House of Israel lives in Sefwi Sui, a small farming community located twenty miles from Sefwi Wiawso.
The leader of the House of Israel since 1993, David Ahenkorah received his own vision in taking up the mantle. He has been granted a 40-acre plot of land to build a Jewish school for the community, but they have not yet been able to raise funds for construction. Children currently attend a local school, run by Christians. They built a synagogue in 1998 in New Adiembra, a Jewish neighborhood in Sefwi Wiawso. Recently, they painted it blue and white, colors commonly associated with Judaism. There are several family compounds nearby and about 200 people belong to the synagogue. It is a single-room synagogue with a miniature Sefer Torah. There is no mechitza.
Sangay National Park

Sangay National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Sangay) is a national park located in the Morona-Santiago, Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Cañar, and Azuay provinces of Ecuador. The park contains two active volcanoes (Tungurahua and Sangay), one extinct volcano El Altar (Kapak Urku). Protecting a range of elevations from 900 to 5,319 meters (2,953 to 17,451 ft) above sea level, Sangay National Park contains a wide variety of habitats, including glaciers, volcanic landscapes, tropical rainforests, cloud forests, wetlands, grasslands, and one of the largest regions of páramo (high elevation moorlands) in Ecuador. 327 lakes feed into a vast wetland system covering 31.5 square kilometers (12.2 sq mi).
Because of its complex ecology and geology, as well as its outstanding biodiversity, the park has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983. In 1992, it was added to the List of World Heritage in Danger due to illegal poaching, extensive grazing, unplanned road construction, and encroachment of the park's perimeter. It was removed from the UNESCO list of endangered sites in 2005.
The word "sangay" comes from the Shuar language word samkay, or "volcano."
Due to the variety of habitats found within the park, the fertile volcanic soil, and the relatively unaltered landscape, Sangay National Park preserves an exceptional number of native species. Over 3,000 flowering plant species have been documented within the park, in addition to more than 430 bird, 107 mammal, 33 amphibian, 14 reptile, and 17 fish species.
The National Park is an important refuge for rare species of the Andes, like the mountain tapir and spectacled bear. The park is a vital stronghold for the endangered mountain tapir in particular. In the forests below live spectacled bears, giant otter, jaguar, ocelot, margay, Brazilian tapir, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ustus), little red brocket deer and Northern pudu. The cougar and pampas cat have been recorded in the park as well. Caenolestes sangay, a species of shrew opossum, was originally described in 2013 from specimens collected from Sangay National Park.
Over 400 bird species inhabit the Park, and it has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. Notable bird species resident to the park include the Andean Condor and Andean Cock-of-the-rock.
In 2016, a new frog species in the genus Pristimantis (Pristimantis tinguichaca) was described from the park's cloud forest.
滨海桥

1°17′16″N 103°51′14″E﻿ / ﻿1.28778°N 103.85389°E﻿ / 1.28778; 103.85389
滨海桥（英語：Esplanade Bridge）是新加坡的一座桥梁，长260米，宽70米。它跨越新加坡河河口，连接北岸的濱海藝術中心与南岸的鱼尾狮。
该桥建于1994年，1997年3月完成。使滨海中心与珊顿道金融区之间拥有快速通道。
菲道尔

菲道尔（馬來語：Firdhaus，1998年11月21日—），马来西亚巫裔创作男歌手，主要创作华语流行音乐。
菲道尔是马来西亚馬來族歌手，来自传统的马来家庭，从小接受中文教育。他能说一口流利的华语，曾代表马来西亚去中国大陸参加国际汉语桥大赛。
由菲道尔創作的《阿拉斯加海湾》，在抖音上创下破6亿的点播量，在YouTube也有240萬的點閱率 。他于2023年推出与Dior大穎合唱的歌曲《在加納共和國離婚》，一度登上抖音热榜和挑战榜榜首；截至2024年5月，该曲在YouTube的点阅率超过1千万。除了中文歌曲，菲道尔也有英语和马来语的创作。
菲道尔在2023年12月23日在吉隆坡Zepp进行了他人生中第一场个人演唱会。
菲道尔12岁时即开始接触华语音乐，在听华语流行歌手周杰伦的演唱后对音乐产生兴趣，也喜欢会创作的歌手。2020年，菲道尔被马来西亚著名歌手兼音乐制作人罗忆诗签为旗下公司艺人，正式成为创作歌手。
2021年，菲道尔为杨芸晴创作了《我没有想你》，收录在杨芸晴的专辑《秘 ME》。
2024年，和Dior大颖分手。
RJ Rosales

Roseo José Dagdag Rosales Jr. (24 March 1974 – 4 December 2011) also known as RJ Rosales, was a Filipino Australian singer, actor, musical theatre performer, and TV presenter.
Born in Manila, his family migrated to Sydney when he was thirteen. His parents are Roseo Macalintal Rosales and Erlinda Dagdag. He spent his early adult years in Sydney, where his family still resides, while he constantly moved to Singapore and Manila for work. Rosales finished a BS Mathematics degree from the University of Western Sydney and worked as a banker before entering show business. His childhood idols included James Ingram, Mariah Carey, Anthony Warlow and Martin Nievera.
Rosales started his professional career by joining the cast of the original Australian production of Miss Saigon in 1996 as part of the ensemble. A major turning point for a banker with a BS Mathematics degree. However, the production only lasted three months, but later on in the late-1998 Rosales moved to Singapore and began a successful career both in theatre and television. His theatre credits that include leading roles in Chang & Eng, The Student Prince, Man of Letters, Cabaret, and Forbidden City. He also made numerous Singapore television appearances that included Spin and Style Doctors.
In addition, his work has extended to the Philippines where Rosales is also praised as a successful singer, actor, host and recording artist, performing with several popular artists, the most notable being the hit movie theme song "Together Forever" with Carol Banawa. It was his regular stint in ASAP, the number 1 musical variety show in the Philippines that made him a household name in the country.
He has held live concerts in the United States, Australia, Singapore, Japan and Thailand.
In the movie scene he was seen in the MMFF Best Movie for 2005, Blue Moon, where he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor.
From 2007 to 2008 Rosales was in Australia, performing in the revived production of Sir Cameron Mackintosh's musical Miss Saigon, in which he portrays Thuy, alongside Laurie Cadevida. For this role, he was nominated for the 2007 Helpmann Awards Best Supporting Actor in a Musical. During the latter part of the tour, Rosales also understudied and played the role of the Engineer, again earning him rave reviews. After completing the 14-month Miss Saigon tour that wowed audiences in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth, RJ went back to Singapore to stage his comeback solo concert at the Esplanade Theatres on the Bay dubbed as A Musical Journey with RJ Rosales on 29 August 2008.
Rosales unexpectedly died in Sydney on 4 December 2011. The funeral mass was held at the Blessed John XXIII Parish Church in Stanhope Gardens. Rosales was laid to rest at the Pine Grove Memorial Park in Kingston St., Minchinbury.
Conrad Hotels

Conrad Hotels & Resorts is an American multinational brand of high-end luxury hotels and high-end luxury resorts owned and operated by Hilton Worldwide. As of December 31, 2021, it has 42 locations with 15,085 rooms in 21 countries and territories, including two that are owned or leased with 778 rooms, 38 that are managed with 12,152 rooms, and two that are franchised with 2,155 rooms.
Barron Hilton, son of Conrad Hilton, founded Conrad Hotels, taking the name from that of his father. Hilton Hotels was, at the time, a separate company from Hilton International, and could not operate hotels outside the United States under the Hilton name. The newly named chain solved that problem. Hilton International had already started their own chain of Vista Hotels within the United States, as they faced the same prohibition on operating there under the Hilton name. The first Conrad hotel, the Conrad Jupiters Gold Coast in Australia, opened its doors in 1985.
When the two Hilton chains were rejoined in 2005, the need for the Vista and Conrad names vanished. Vista was phased out, while the Conrad brand was retained as a luxury wing of Hilton. Numerous hotels have since been opened under that name in the United States and elsewhere. Conrad was considered the luxury flagship brand in the Hilton Family of Brands, named after company founder Conrad Hilton, until being supplanted by The Waldorf-Astoria Collection in 2006.
In 2017, Marie Jean Pierre, a former dishwasher at the Conrad Miami Hotel, sued the Conrad in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida claiming the Miami hotel had violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Her religious beliefs prevented her from working on Sundays, and she claimed in the lawsuit that the hotel wouldn't accommodate her. In 2019, Ms. Pierre was awarded $21.5 million by a jury, but did not receive the full amount because punitive damages in the United States cannot exceed $300,000.
Media related to Conrad Hotels at Wikimedia Commons
Conrad Centennial Singapore

1°17′37″N 103°51′31″E﻿ / ﻿1.29361°N 103.85861°E﻿ / 1.29361; 103.85861
Conrad Centennial Singapore (Chinese：康莱德酒店) is a hotel located in the Downtown Core (near Millenia Tower), Marina Centre, Singapore. The hotel has 512 guest rooms including 25 suites, and 31 floors with two basements. It was designed by Johnson Burgee Architects, and completed in 1996. The hotel's carpark is shared with Millenia Walk. Conrad Centennial shares the same laundry services with sister hotel, The Ritz-Carlton Millenia Singapore. Both hotels are owned by the same owner, Pontiac Land (owned by the Kwee brothers).
The hotel has 512 guest rooms on 31 floors with 96 sets of connecting rooms and 25 suites.
During the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore, the hotel served as a dedicated government facility to house returning travelers for their mandated Stay Home Notice (SHN).
The Esplanade (Bangkok)

The Esplanade is a shopping and entertainment complex on Ratchadaphisek Road in Din Daeng district, Bangkok, with a second branch on Rattanathibet Road in Nonthaburi.
Anchored by the Esplanade Cineplex, the shopping mall opened in December 2006. The cineplex hosted the 5th World Film Festival of Bangkok in October 2007.
With a retail space of more than 100,000 square metres, the seven-floor complex includes the 12-screen Esplanade Cineplex with 3,000 seats, a B2S book shop along with other shops and restaurants. Other facilities include a Rhythm & Bowl alley, the Sub Zero ice-skating arena, a Tops Supermarket and the 1,500-seat Ratchadalai Musical Theatre.
The architecture of the Esplanade shopping mall was designed by the Office of Bangkok Architects in collaboration with Contour. The interior of the mall was designed by J+H Boiffils, who had previously designed The Emporium and Siam Paragon shopping malls.
Humphrey Coliseum

Humphrey Coliseum is a 9,100-seat multi-purpose arena located on the campus of Mississippi State University, just outside Starkville, Mississippi, that opened for the 1975-76 basketball season. Nicknamed The Hump, it is home to the Mississippi State Bulldogs men's and women's basketball teams. The building is the equivalent of seven stories high and is in the shape of an oval 318' long by 268' wide.
The outside is marked by regular concrete columns and Mississippi red brick siding, and the school seal adorns the front of the building. In 2004, a center hung scoreboard was provided by the Henry Mize Foundation. The scoreboard featured four sides, each with a video screen. It was replaced in 2015 by a similar but updated scoreboard that includes two ring displays along with four main video displays. The current court design was announced in 2016, with the court itself installed in 2017. It features many design details highlighting the school's local ties. The playing area is surrounded by lettering that lists all 82 counties in the state, all appearing in gray except for the school's home of Oktibbeha County, which is in white lettering at midcourt between the team benches. Directly above the Oktibbeha County name is a white outline of the state with an "X" marking Starkville's location, which is also the point at which substitutes report to enter the game. Also, the city nickname of "Starkvegas" appears in large all-caps lettering at the baseline in front of the student section.
In February 2022, renovation work began as part of the ongoing project in the university athletic district. The phase one renovations include adding more vendors, restrooms, a premium club level, as well as updating the building infrastructure. Phase one is projected to be completed by Fall 2023.
In addition to basketball, the arena is a popular venue for concerts, graduation ceremonies, and other events.
It was named for George Duke Humphrey, president of Mississippi State from 1934 to 1945. It replaced Mississippi State Gymnasium (now known as McCarthy Gymnasium), which was built in 1950 and has since been converted to an indoor tennis center and then was demolished in 2023 to make way for the Jim and Thomas Duff Center.
डाळ भात

डाळ भात हे भारतीय उपखंडातील पारंपारिक जेवण आहे, जे नेपाळ, बांगलादेश आणि भारताच्या बऱ्याच भागात लोकप्रिय आहे. त्यात वाफवलेले तांदूळ आणि डाळ नावाचे शिजवलेल्या मसूरचा सूप असतो. हे या देशांतील मुख्य अन्न आहे.
डाळ कांदा, लसूण, आले, मिरची, टोमॅटो किंवा चिंचेसह डाळ किंवा सोयाबीनबरोबर शिजवलेले असू शकते. त्यात नेहमीच कोथिंबीर, गरम मसाला, जिरे आणि हळद यासारखे औषधी वनस्पती आणि मसाले असतात. पाककृती हंगाम, परिसर, वांशिक गट आणि कुटुंबानुसार याचे सामग्री बदलतात.
दादरा आणि नगर-हवेली

दादरा आणि नगर-हवेली हा भारतातील आठ केंद्रशासित प्रदेशांपैकी एक केंद्रशासित प्रदेश आहे. याच्या उत्तरेला गुजरात राज्य तर इतर तिन्ही दिशांना महाराष्ट्र राज्य आहे. २०११ च्या जनगणनेनुसार दादरा आणि नगर हवेलीची लोकसंख्या ३,४२,८५३ एवढी आहे तर क्षेत्रफळ ४९१ चौ.किमी आहे. येथील साक्षरतेचे प्रमाण ७७.६५ टक्के आहे. गुजराती व मराठी ह्या येथील प्रमुख भाषा आहेत. तसेच भात व रागी ही येथील प्रमुख पिके आहेत.
दादरा और नगर हवेली का गहरा इतिहास हमलावर राजपूत राजाओं द्वारा क्षेत्र के कोली सरदारों की हार के साथ शुरू होता है। मराठों ने राजपूतों को हरा कर 18वीं सदी के मध्य में अपना शासन स्थापित किया। मराठों और पुर्तगालियों के बीच लंबे संघर्ष के बाद 17 डिसेंबर (डिसेंबर) 1779 को मराठा पेशवा माधव राव II[8][9] ने मित्रता सुनिशचित करने के खातिर इस प्रदेश के 79 गावों को 12,000 रुपए का राजस्व क्षतिपूर्ति के तौर पर पुर्तगालियों को सौंप दिया। जनता द्वारा 2 ऑगस्ट,1954 को मुक्त कराने तक पुर्तगालियों ने इस प्रदेश पर शासन किया। 1954 से 1961 तक यह प्रदेश लगभग स्वतंत्र रूप से काम करता रहा जिसे ‘स्वतंत्र दादरा एंव नगर हवेली प्रशासन’ ने चलाया। लेकिन 11 ऑगस्ट 1961 को यह प्रदेश भारतीय संघ में शामिल हो गया और तब से भारत सरकार एक केंद्र शासित प्रदेश के रूप में इसका प्रशासन कर रही है। पुर्तगाल के चंगुल से इस क्षेत्र की मुक्ति के बाद से ‘वरिष्ठ पंचायत’ प्रशासन की परामर्शदात्री संस्था के रूप में कार्य कर रही थी परंतु इसे 1989 में भंग कर दिया गया और अखिल भारतीय स्तर पर संविधान संशोधन के अनुरूप दादरा और नगर हवेली जिला पंचायत और 11 ग्राम पंचायतों की एक प्रदेश परिषद गठित कर दी गई।[3]
जयंती कठाळे

सौ. जयंती कठाळे पूर्णब्रम्ह च्या व्यवस्थापकीय संचालिका (एम.डी.) आहेत. पूर्णब्रम्ह हा 'मनस्विनी फुड्स प्रायव्हेट लिमिटेड'चा प्रकल्प असून जगभरात मराठी खाद्यपदार्थांची गुणवत्तापूर्ण उपहारगृहे उभारणे व मराठी खाद्यसंस्कृती सर्वदूर पोहचविणे हे त्यांचे संकल्पित कार्य आहे.
जयंती कठाळे या मूळच्या नागपूरच्या आहेत. त्यांनी 'एम.सी.ए.'ची पदवी घेतली आहे व त्या एक सॉफ्टवेर इंजिनिअर आहेत. 'माहिती तंत्रज्ञान' (आयटी) क्षेत्रात 'इन्फोसिस' या कंपनीमध्ये त्या कार्यरत होत्या. सन २०१२ पर्यंत १३ वर्षे त्यांनी माहिती तंत्रज्ञान क्षेत्रात काम केले आहे. नोकरीनिमित्त सन २००० साली बंगळूरू येथे बदली झाल्यावर मराठी पदार्थांची कमतरता त्यांना भासली. हाच अनुभव त्यांना विमानप्रवासातही आला. परप्रांतात, विमानतळावर व विमानातील दीर्घ प्रवासात मराठी पूर्णान्न न मिळाल्याने मराठी माणसांची होणारी अडचण लक्षात घेऊन त्याचेच निवारण करण्याचे स्वप्न त्यांनी पहिले. एकत्र कुटुंबात वाढलेल्या जयंती कठाळे यांना बालपणीपासूनच स्वयंपाकाची आवड होती. मराठी खाद्यसंस्कृतीत 'अन्न हे पूर्णब्रम्ह' असते असा प्रसार करून स्वतः मराठी उपाहारगृह उभारण्याचा त्यांनी निश्चय केला. बंगळूरूमध्ये व्यावसायिक संशोधन करून, खाद्य-पदार्थांची मागणी व पुरवठा लक्षात घेऊन, प्रत्येक प्रदेशाची वेगळी अशी चव चाखून पूर्णब्रम्हचा आराखडा त्यांनी तयार केला.
सन २०१२ साली २० जणांना बसता येईल असे पहिले उपहारगृह त्यांनी ६० स्क्वेअरफुटच्या जागेत उभारले. तेथे साधा वरण भात, पुरणपोळी, थालीपीठ यांसारखे पदार्थ त्यांनी विकण्यास सुरुवात केली. बंगळूरूमधील अमराठी लोकांना रोजगार उपलब्ध करून देऊन त्यांना स्वयंपाक शिकवला. तेथे भाषा न समजणे, मराठी पदार्थ कसे असतात, ते कसे खातात हेही न समजणे अशा अनेक अडचणी त्यांना तेथील लोकांमध्ये जाणवल्या. कानडी पदार्थ व मराठी पदार्थ यांमधील फरक समजावून सांगून त्यांनी त्यांच्या कर्मचाऱ्यांना प्रशिक्षित केले. चवीबरोबरच उपहारगृहाचे वातावरण देखील मराठमोळे असावे असा त्यांचा आग्रह असतो. पूर्णब्रम्हमध्ये ग्राहकांना बसण्यासाठी चौरंग-पाटाच्या पंगती मांडल्या जातात. सौ. कठाळे या स्वतः नऊवारी साडीत वावरतात. तेथील कर्मचारी साडी, धोतर पगडी अशाच वेशात असतात. सध्या बंगळूरूमध्ये ५७०० स्क्वेअरफुटमध्ये पूर्णब्रम्ह उभे आहे.
संपूर्ण जगभरात पूर्णब्रम्हच्या एकूण ५,००० शाखा उभारण्याचे कठाळे यांचा बेत आहे. बंगळूरू, चेन्नई, हैदराबाद अशा शहरात; मुंबई, दिल्ली येथील आंतरराष्ट्रीय विमानतळावर; तसेच अमेरिका, लंडन अशा परदेशातील अनेक प्रदेशात शाखा त्या उभारणार आहेत.
जाडूबाई जोरात

जाडूबाई जोरात ही झी मराठी वाहिनीवर दुपारी प्रसारित झालेली एक मालिका आहे.
वजन हा आपल्या शरीराचा भाग असतो परंतु वजन म्हणजेच पूर्ण शरीर नसतं किंवा ती आपली ओळखही नसते. असं असलं तरी आपल्याकडे एखाद्याची शारीरिक व्याधी, व्यंग किंवा वेगळेपणा हा त्याची ओळख बनतो. म्हणजे कुणाची उंची कमी असेल तर त्याला बुटका, ठेंगणा म्हणणं, कुणाचं वजन जास्त असलं तर जाड्या म्हणणं असे प्रकार आपण करतो. यामध्ये अनेकदा समोरच्याची मस्करी करण्याचा प्रयत्न असतो तर कधी कमी लेखण्याचा पण यामुळे त्या व्यक्तिच्या भावनाही दुखत असतील याचा विचार फार कमी जण करतात.
मालिकेची कथा आहे जुईची. मध्यमवर्गीय घरातील एक स्त्री जिची संसार आणि नोकरी सांभाळण्याची तारेवरची कसरत सुरू आहे. जिच्या गरजा, स्वप्न मर्यादीत आहेत आणि स्वभावही साधा आणि सरळ. घरातील इतरांचा विचार करताना स्वतःकडे दुर्लक्ष झालेली अशी ही जुई. म्हणजे अगदी सकाळी उरलेल्या चपात्या किंवा भात रात्रीच्या जेवणात आधी आपल्या ताटात घेणारी. कधी शिळं पाकं खाणारी तर अन्न वाया जाऊ नये म्हणून तेही आपल्या वाट्याला घेणारी. या सवयीमुळेच हे सगळं खाणं अंगाला लागलेली आणि त्यातच वजन वाढलेली जुई. घराचा हा डोलारा सांभाळताना ऑफिसच्या कामाचाही भार उचलणारी आणि तिकडेही सर्वांच्या कामात मदत करणारी. सर्वांसाठी सर्व काही करणं हा तिचा स्वभाव असला तरी तिचा विचार मात्र कुणीच करत नाही. उलट तिच्या वाढलेल्या वजनावरून घरी आणि ऑफिसमध्येही टिंगल उडवली जाते.
दुसरीकडे जुईच्या शेजारीच राहणारी मल्लिका ही तिच्या अगदी विरुद्ध स्वभावाची. स्वतःकडे लक्ष देणारी, फिटनेस जपणारी आणि महत्त्वाकांक्षा असणारी. जुईचं हे मध्यमवर्गीय वागणं आणि ते जगणं तिला अजिबात आवडत नाही आणि तिचा जाडेपणाही तिला खटकतो. हीच मल्लिका जुईला तिच्या वाढलेल्या वजनावरून एकदा सुनावते ज्यामुळे जुईचा अहंकार दुखावला जातो आणि मग ही जाडूबाई एक आगळा वेगळा निर्धार करते.
कठाणी गाय

कठाणी गाय हा शुद्ध भारतीय गोवंश असून, याचे मूळ महाराष्ट्राच्या विदर्भ प्रांतातील चंद्रपूर जिल्हा, गडचिरोली जिल्हा तसेच गोंदिया जिल्ह्यात मोठ्या प्रमाणावर आढळतो. गवळाऊ गायी नंतर भारतीय कृषी संशोधन परिषद ने प्रमाणीकरण केलेला विदर्भातील हा दुसरा गोवंश आहे. हा दुहेरी हेतूचा गोवंश म्हणून ओळखला जातो.
ग‌डचिरोली जिल्ह्यातील चामोर्शीजवळील अनखोडा येथे गोंड आदिवासी भातासोबत कठाणी; एक रब्बी हंगामातील पीक घेतात. या पिकाच्या नावावरूनच या जातीच्या जनावरांना कठाणी, असे नाव पडले.
या गोवंशाचा प्रमुख रंग पांढरा तसेच तांबूस असून अल्प प्रमाणात काळसर आणि लाल रंग देखील दिसून येतो. या गोवंशाचे शरीर मध्यम आकाराचे असते. याचे डोळे, बुबूळ, नाकपुडी, खूर, शिंगे आणि शेपटीचा गोंडा पूर्णपणे काळा असून गोंडा हा मागच्या टाचे पर्यंत आढळतो. शिंगे मध्यम आकाराची असून ती पाठीमागे डोक्याच्या बाजूला वळलेली असतात. काही जनावरांमध्ये शिंगे ही वरच्या बाजूला वळलेली देखील दिसून येतात.
या गोवंशाची प्रजनन क्षमता उत्तम असून वेताची संख्या अधिक असल्याने पशुपालकांकडे मुबलक प्रमाणात उपलब्ध होतात. विदर्भातील उष्ण हवामानात हा गोवंश तग धरून राहण्यास अनुकूल असल्याने सर्व सामान्य शेतकरी याचे सहज पालन करतो. सामान्य परिस्थितीतील दिवसाला साधारण अर्धा ते एक लिटर दूध मिळते. परंतु जर व्यवस्थापन नीट केले तर चार ते पाच लिटर पर्यंत दूध मिळते. या गोवंशाचा दूध देण्याचा कालावधी हा साधारणतः साडेसात ते आठ महिने इतका असतो. दुधातील फॅटचे प्रमाण ४.४ टक्के पर्यंत आढळते. या गोवंशाचे पहिल्या वेताचे वय ५१ ते ५८ महिने इतके असून याच्या दोन वेतातील अंतर ३८७ ते ५२२ दिवस पर्यंत असते.
बैल वजनाने हलके, खूर काळे असून चिखलात सहज चालतात, यामुळे हा गोवंश भात शेतीसाठी उपयुक्त मानला जातो. तसेच हा उपलब्ध असलेला सुका चारा, गव्हाचे काड, तांदळाचे तुस, सोयाबीनचे कुटार तसेच शेतात उगवणारे गवत खाऊन सहज जगतो. यामुळे याचे जतन संवर्धन खास करून शेतकमासाठी जास्त केले जाते.
भारतीय गायीच्या इतर विविध जातींची माहिती मिळवण्यासाठी येथे टिचकी द्या ― भारतीय गायीच्या विविध जाती