davidanugraha/M4-RAG huggingface dataset:
Batagor

El batagor (Abreviado de Bakso Tahu Goreng, sondanés e indonesio: "bakso frito [y] tofu") es un plato Sundanese de Indonesia, y popular en el Sudeste Asiático, consta de dumplings de pescado fritas, normalmente servido con salsa de cacahuete.​ Es tradicionalmente hecho con carne de pez wahoo trinchada, aunque también se utilizan otros tipos de marisco como atunes, caballa, y langostinos. El paté de pescado es posteriormente envuelto en masa wonton o en tofu, y entonces frito en aceite de palma.
Los dumplings fritos batagor que se ofrecen en peustos callejeros generalmente se sirven con tofu frito y pasteles de pescado otak-otak fritos en forma de dedo. Estos componentes de batagor se cortan en trozos pequeños y se cubren con salsa de maní, kecap manis (salsa de soja dulce), sambal (pasta de chile) y jugo de lima. Como alimento frito, el batagor generalmente tiene una textura crujiente;​ dado que el método de servicio es idéntico, el mismo vendedor ofrece batagor y siomay, y el batagor se ofrece como una variación crujiente de siomay.​
Batagor es omnipresente en las ciudades de Indonesia y se puede encontrar en puestos de comida al lado de la calle, carritos ambulantes, vendedores de bicicletas y restaurantes. Sin embargo, está más fuertemente asociado con la ciudad de Bandung, en el oeste de Java.​ El plato está influenciado por la cocina china indonesia,​ y podría derivarse de siomay, con la principal diferencia de que el batagor se fríe en lugar de cocerse al vapor. Se ha adaptado fácilmente a la cocina local sondanesa, y hoy, la mayoría de los vendedores de batagor son sondaneses.
El batagor comenzó ofrecerse en varias ciudades de Indonesia en todo el país en la década de 1980 y se cree que fue inventado en 1968 en Bandung.​ Según la leyenda, el batagor se creó como una forma de rescatar las albóndigas bakso sin vender. Se dice que un día el bakso no se vendió bien y un vendedor se quedó con demasiadas sobras. Para reducir sus pérdidas, se le ocurrió la idea de moler las albóndigas, rellenarlas con tofu, freírlas y servirlas con salsa de maní de una manera similar a siomay. Esto creó un nuevo plato de bakso tahu goreng ("bakso [y] tofu frito"), abreviado como "batagor".​​
El batagor se sirve tradicionalmente con salsa de maní, aunque en Bandung, la mayoría de los vendedores de batagor también ofrecen una variante servida en caldo claro, batagor kuah ("sopa de batagor").​ La sopa se puede preparar con caldo de pollo y agregando ingredientes como pimienta, azúcar, sal, puerro y apio. También se pueden agregar salsa de chile, salsa de tomate y lima para darle más sabor a la sopa.​
El batagor es popular por su sabroso sabor, la textura crujiente de su piel de wonton y tofu fritos, y la salsa de maní dulce y salada. El precio típico de batagor es bastante asequible, con un plato de batagor modesto comprado en pun puesto callejero cuesta alrededor de 10000 rupias indonesias, menos de un dólar estadounidense, a partir de 2018.​
Salsa de menta

La Salsa de menta (en idioma inglés Mint Sauce) es una salsa elaborada con hojas de menta muy finamente cortadas, remojadas en vinagre todo ello forma una pasta a la que se suele añadir un poco de azúcar. La salsa tiene una consistencia cremosa. En las cocina irlandesa y cocina británica suele ser un aderezo frecuente de los asados de cordero y de la muy tradicional crema de guisantes (mushy peas).
Proporciones orientativas: 3 cucharadas de menta fresca picada finamente, 6 cucharadas de vinagre, 1 cucharadita de azúcar.
Las proporciones se modifican al gusto y experiencia de cada cual.
Disolver el azúcar en el vinagre caliente y añadir la menta. Dejar macerar varias horas. Ha de quedar como una crema blanda. Se puede servir frío o caliente.
Huevos a la riojana

Los huevos a la riojana son una preparación típica de la cocina riojana que incluye un sofrito de diversas verduras sobre el que se ubica un huevo frito.​ El plato se suele servir caliente, recién elaborado y emplatado tradicionalmente en una cazuela de barro.
El plato se elabora en dos etapas. En una primera se prepara la salsa riojana con diversas verduras sofritas cortadas en juliana, generalmente: tomates, pimientos (verdes y rojos), cebollas y ajo (una especie de pisto). Se acompaña el sofrito con unas patatas cortadas en rodajas y un chorizo cortado en pequeños trozos. El huevo frito se añade al final sobre la salsa caliente, justo al emplatar. Algunas variantes se realizan con un huevo duro.
Huevos a la riojana
Magras con tomate

Las magras con tomate (a veces en una denominación más larga magras con tomate y huevos) es una preparación culinaria que contiene carne (magras de jamón) y salsa de tomate (tomate). La receta con diversas variantes es conocida en la cocina española del norte (cocina de Navarra​​), siendo su origen en la cocina aragonesa.​​​ En algunas ocasiones se sirve como desayuno.​
La carne magra (limpia de grasa y tendones), y que es empleada en la receta, es por regla general de cerdo (lonchas de jamón de un centímetro de grosor,) que se fríe en aceite con ajos. La receta tradicional emplea magro de jamón.​​ En algunas ocasiones si están en salazón se suelen poner en remojo de leche templada durante unas horas antes de ser preparadas. Suele emplearse un jamón no muy curado. Al pasarse por la sartén van dejando su grasa. Es habitual la elaboración de un picatoste con pan en la sartén en la que se frio previamente la carne de cerdo, justo antes de sofreir el tomate en la sartén y elaborar de esta forma la salsa. Era un alimento popular en el siglo XIX, tal y como lo reflejan algunos autores.​ Algunos autores las denominan magras turolenses.​
En Navarra se suele hacer con jamón y huevo con salsa de tomate.​​ En Pamplona la merienda habitual que se hace tras la lidia del tercer toro, son magras con tomate. A veces se emplean tomates enteros en la elaboración y su sofrito va preparando la salsa necesaria para elaborar la receta de magras. A veces se decora con pimientos rojos cortados en tiras.
Sopa de tomate

La sopa de tomate es un caldo elaborado con tomates picados. Se puede servir fría o caliente. A veces es utilizada como un ingrediente para platos más elaborados. Puede cocinarse con trozos o con el puré de tomate.
La versión precocinada y envasada en lata suele estar ligeramente condensada y es muy del gusto de la población de los Estados Unidos, estando muy asociado con la compañía Campbell. En Colombia la sopa de tomate de marca Heinz es una de las sopas estereotípicas de la denominada «comida confort».
En la provincia de Cádiz, en Andalucía, España, hay una variedad de sopa de tomate.​ La base es un sofrito de verduras como cebolla, ajos, pimientos o zanahorias en aceite de oliva. Se añaden, a la cazuela de barro con agua, tomates (previamente sancochados en agua hirviendo para pelarlos mejor) y, más tarde, trozos de pan y hojas de hierbabuena.​
Aceite de aguacate

El aceite de aguacate o aceite de palta es un aceite comestible prensado de la fruta de Persea americana (aguacate). Como aceite comestible, se usa como ingrediente en otros platos y como aceite de cocina. También se utiliza para la lubricación y en cosméticos, donde se valora por sus supuestas propiedades regenerativas e hidratantes.​
Tiene un punto de humo relativamente alto, tanto sin refinar como especialmente cuando se refina. El punto de humo de la forma sin refinar es 249 °C y la forma refinada puede alcanzar 271 °C. El punto de humo exacto depende en gran medida de la calidad del refinado y la forma en que se manejó el aceite hasta llegar a los estantes de las tiendas y, posteriormente, a las cocinas.​
El aceite de aguacate es rico en ácidos grasos, mayoritariamente monoinsaturados. Cerca del 60 % de su composición es de ácidos monoinsaturados, principalmente ácido oleico, mientras que el 20 % son poliinsaturados y el restante 20 % saturados. Carece totalmente de colesterol y tiene un porcentaje abajo del 1 % de ácido linoleico.​ Todo lo anterior lo hace similar en composición grasa al aceite de oliva. Adicionalmente, la alta presencia de ácido oleico permite una mejor incorporación de los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3, lo que ha demostrado ser un factor de disminución de enfermedades cardiovasculares.​
Algunos aceites de aguacate pueden ser rancios o falsos.​
Conversations with Dead People

Conversations With Dead People es el séptimo episodio de la séptima temporada de la serie de televisión Buffy la cazavampiros. El episodio fue traducido para España y América Latina como Conversaciones con los muertos.
Es de noche en Sunnydale. Buffy (Sarah Michelle Gellar) está de patrulla; Spike (James Marsters), en el Bronze; Willow (Alyson Hannigan) estudia en la biblioteca del Campus; y Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg) está sola en casa. Jonathan (Danny Strong) y Andrew (Tom Lenk) han vuelto a la ciudad.
Mientras Dawn disfruta de tener toda la casa para ella, oye golpes. Cada vez son más fuertes y todas las luces de la casa cobran vida. Cuando se rompen, escucha la voz de su madre. Mientras, Buffy se enfrenta a un vampiro. Es Holden (Jonathan M. Woodward) y la reconoce del instituto. Acaban teniendo una charla extrañamente terapéutica. Le confiesa que sus relaciones pasadas eran increíblemente complejas y confusas, y que la consecuencia fue que salió diezmada emocionalmente.
En la biblioteca, Willow recibe una visita de Cassie (Azura Skye). Le dice que está en contacto con Tara pero que no ha podido hablar con ella debido a su comportamiento destructivo y a la muerte que causó. Le dice que cualquier magia que realice la conducirá a la oscuridad.
Jonathan y Andrew llevan un equipo de excavación y buscan el sello de Danzalthar. Quieren salvar Sunnydale y encontrar su redención. Pero Andrew está siendo forzado por el fantasma de Warren. Dawn, mientras, llama a su madre. Algo malo parece evitar que Joyce (Kristine Sutherland) hable. Ve flashes de su madre en la posición en que murió y algo amenazador está sobre ella. Comienza un hechizo que Willow le enseñó y Joyce se materializa en una luz brillante. Le dice que cuando las cosas estén mal, Buffy no le elegirá. Que estará en su contra. Después se desvanece en la oscuridad.
En la biblioteca, Willow le pide a Cassie una solución. Esta le dice que si no puede parar de usar la magia hay otra opción: el descanso eterno. Empieza a sospechar y Cassie revela que es el Primero, el primer mal.
En el cementerio, Buffy y Holden continúan luchando y hablando. Le cuenta que tuvo una relación con un vampiro y que en su subconsciente deseó ser castigada por sentirse superior a sus amigos y al resto del mundo. Cuando nombra a Spike, Holden lo reconoce como el vampiro que lo engendró.
Andrew y Jonathan desentierran el sello de Danzalthar. Andrew apuñala a Jonathan y el cuerpo cae sobre él, que se ilumina cuando su sangre se derrama en el sello. Buffy clava su estaca al vampiro y Spike muerde a una chica que conoció en el Bronze.
Aquí se presentan los hechos que o bien influyen en la séptima temporada exclusivamente, o bien que viniendo de episodios anteriores influyen en este. Y por último, acontecimientos que ocurren en este episodio que influyen en las demás temporadas o en alguna otra temporada.
Galinsoga parviflora

Galinsoga parviflora is a species of herbaceous plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It has several common names including guasca (Colombia), pacpa yuyo, paco yuyo, and waskha (Peru), burrionera (Ecuador), albahaca silvestre and saetilla (Argentina), mielcilla (Costa Rica), piojito (Oaxaca, Mexico), galinsoga (New Zealand), gallant soldier, quickweed, and potato weed (United Kingdom, United States).
Galinsoga parviflora was brought from Peru to Kew Gardens in 1796, and later escaped to the wild in Great Britain and Ireland, being temporarily known as the 'Kew Weed'. The plant is named after the Spanish botanist Ignacio Mariano Martinez de Galinsoga. The species name 'parviflora' translates to 'having small flowers'. In Britain, its name Galinsoga is sometimes popularly rendered as "gallant soldiers", and then sometimes altered to "soldiers of the Queen". In Malawi, where the plant is naturalised, it is known as 'Mwamuna aligone' which translates to 'My husband is sleeping'.
Galinsoga parviflora grows to a height of 75 cm (30 in). It is a branched herb with opposite stalked leaves, toothed at the margins. The flowers are in small heads. The 3–8 white ray-florets are about 10 mm (1⁄2 in) long and 3-lobed. The central disc florets are yellow and tubular.
Gallant soldier is usually more-or-less glabrous, whereas the otherwise similar shaggy soldier tends to be very hairy, but these characters are insufficient for accurate identification. To be confident, it is important to check (with a hand lens) that gallant soldier has three-pointed tips to the scales on the receptacle, and scales in the pappus with smooth margins and a blunt point at the top.
The species is native to South America; however, it is widely naturalized in other countries. There are a few records of G. parviflora and G. quadriradiata in Northern Ireland. It has been naturalized elsewhere, including North America and Australasia.
In Colombia it is used as a herb in the soup ajiaco. In Oaxaca, Mexico it is used as an ingredient in sopa de guías, a soup made from squash vines, fresh corn and wild herbs. It can also be used as an ingredient in leaf salads, although its subtle flavour, reminiscent of artichoke, mostly develops after being cooked. In eastern Africa, the plant is collected from the wild, and its leaves, stem and flowers eaten. It is also dried and ground into powder for use in soups.
In G. parviflora, the major phytochemicals are phenolic acids, depsides and flavonoids with their corresponding glycosides. The flavonoids present are patulitrin, quercimeritrin, quercetagetin, luteolin 7-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-β-D-glucoside, galinsoside A, galinsoside B, 7,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavanone and 3,5,7,3’,4’-pentahydroxyflavanone. Phenolic acids and depsides includes vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, o-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeoylglucaric acids.
Solanum pimpinellifolium

Solanum pimpinellifolium, commonly known as the currant tomato or pimp, is a wild species of tomato native to Ecuador and Peru but naturalized elsewhere, such as the Galápagos Islands. Its small fruits are edible, and it is commonly grown in gardens as an heirloom tomato, although it is considered to be wild rather than domesticated as is the commonly cultivated tomato species Solanum lycopersicum. Its genome was sequenced in 2012.
It will hybridize with common domestic tomatoes. There are annual, biennial, and perennial varieties. Solanum pimpinellifolium is important in tomato breeding.
Its relatedness to tomatoes and ability to freely cross with them has allowed it to be used for the introduction of disease resistance traits in tomato varieties, as well as in the study of the genetic control of tomato traits such as fruit shape and size. It has higher amounts of lycopene, vitamin C, and phenolic acids, as well as a higher antioxidant capacity than Solanum lycopersicum. Its 900 Mb genome differs from the tomato at 0.6% of base pairs; in comparison, they both differ from the potato (from which they diverged 7.3 million years ago) at 8% of bases.
Considered the ancestor of domesticated tomatoes, it is valued for supplementing the limited gene pool of the domestic tomato. Due to agricultural development, the wild currant tomato is becoming less prevalent in the native range of northern Peru and southern Ecuador. In addition, seed collection is hampered by issues with the Convention on Biological Diversity.
List of countries by tomato production

This is a list of countries by tomato production from 2016 to 2022, based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database. The estimated total world production for tomatoes in 2022 was 186,107,972 metric tonnes, a decrease of 1.7% from 189,281,485 tonnes in 2021. China was by far the largest producer, accounting for nearly 37% of global production. Dependent territories are shown in italics.
Las Voces Blancas

Las Voces Blancas es un grupo vocal de música folklórica de Argentina creado en Buenos Aires en 1964.​ Aportaron un estilo renovado al folklore argentino, durante el llamado boom del folklore, caracterizado por el dominio de las voces femeninas y los arreglos vocales complejos.
El grupo tuvo diversas integraciones a lo largo de su historia, persistiendo en todas ellas Stella Crisci.
Entre sus simples más exitosos se encuentran Pastor de nubes (ganador del Festival Odol de la Canción de 1967), Zamba azul (Tito Francia-Armando Tejada Gómez), Triunfo de las Salinas Grandes (Hamlet Lima Quintana-Norberto Ambrós), Pasionaria de (Waldo de los Ríos), etc. Entre sus álbumes más destacados se encuentran Pastor de nubes (1967), Las Voces Blancas cantan Atahualpa Yupanqui, primer álbum intergramente dedicado a Atahualpa Yupanqui (1972), máximo folklorista argentino, y Pasionaria (1975).
El origen de Las Voces Blancas se debió a la iniciativa de Carlos Ronald Langou, un joven cantante salteño que integraba el coro de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). En 1963, Langou tuvo la idea de crear un grupo vocal con voces femeninas. Para ello convocó a cuatro compañeras del coro, dos contraltos (María del Carmen Aguilar y Stella Crisci) y dos sopranos (Nené Guibaudi y Liliana Piedeferri).
Queda formado en agosto de 1964 como grupo de folklore. Se retiran las dos sopranos y una contralto y el grupo adopta el nombre de Carlos Langou y Las Voces Blancas, con la siguiente integración: Carlos Langou (solista), Nora Peluffo (soprano), Aurora Daruich (soprano), Stella Crisci (contralto), Marion Ortiz (contralto) y Rodolfo Fernández Brack (concertista de guitarra). El conjunto recurrió a la guía musical del maestro Antonio Russo.
En los dos años siguientes, Langou y varias de las mujeres abandonarían el grupo que, el 14 de agosto de 1965 se conformaría con el nombre de Las Voces Blancas, con tres mujeres y dos varones. Esa formación inicial estuvo integrada por Stella Crisci (soprano) -la única proveniente del grupo inicial-, Aurora Daruich (soprano), Melania Pérez (contralto), Jorge Semino (tenor) y Edgardo Gustavo Moragas (bajo).
Campamento Vespucio

Campamento Vespucio es una localidad argentina del Departamento General José de San Martín, provincia de Salta.
El pueblo nació en 1929 con el nombre de Mina República Argentina al inaugurarse las instalaciones petroleras de YPF.
Contaba con 1,736 habitantes (Indec, 2001), lo que representa un incremento del 14,3% frente a los 1,516 habitantes (Indec, 1991).
La sismicidad del área de Salta es frecuente y de intensidad baja, y un silencio sísmico de terremotos medios a graves cada 40 años.​
El Tala

El Tala (también conocida como Ruiz de los Llanos) es una localidad del noroeste de la Argentina, en el Departamento La Candelaria, provincia de Salta.
Epónimo de Bonifacio Ruiz de los Llanos.
Está situada a 217 km al sur de la capital provincial, a la que la une la ruta nacional 9. Su población ronda los 7086 hab.
Contaba con 2632 habitantes en 2010, lo que representa un aumento del 13 % respecto al censo de 2001. Actualmente residen en la ciudad 8012 habitantes.
El 77,3 % de su población profesa la religión católica, el 22,7% corresponde a otras, entre las que predominan denominaciones evangélicas. El Tala tiene su fiesta principal, en honor a su patrono; San Antonio de Padua, el 13 de junio.
Cuenta con una sección de bomberos voluntarios.
La sismicidad del área de Salta es frecuente y de intensidad baja, con un silencio sísmico de terremotos medios a graves cada 40 años.​
Argentina en el Festival de la OTI

Argentina es de los países que debutaron en el Festival de la OTI en Madrid 1972, siendo representada por el tema "Sabes que estamos aquí, América", interpretado por el afamado folklorista Víctor Heredia, sin embargo no fue muy bien calificada en los votos, quedando en la novena posición.
La televisión argentina registra cuatro triunfos en la historia del Festival. El primero tuvo lugar en Caracas en 1979, cuando Daniel Riolobos obtiene el primer premio con el romántico tema "Puedes contar conmigo", del destacado bolerista Chico Novarro.
Luego, en Buenos Aires en 1988, Guillermo Guido haría lo propio con la obra de Carlos Castellón "Todavía eres mi mujer", con lo que Argentina se transformaba en el primer país en ganar siendo local en la historia del certamen.
Posteriormente en 1991, en la edición celebrada en Acapulco, Argentina vuelve al primer lugar de la mano de quien luego ganaría el Festival de la Canción de Viña del Mar, Claudia Brant, con el tema "Adonde estás ahora", de su autoría.
Y finalmente en Valencia en 1994, Claudia Carenzio obtendría el primer puesto con el melancólico tema creado por Bibi Albert "Canción despareja".
Además, Argentina fue sede del festival en dos oportunidades. La primera de ellas en 1980 por haber vencido en la edición de 1979, en el teatro General San Martín de la capital argentina, que fuera presentada por Antonio Carrizo y Liliana López Foresi. La escenografía era un fondo oscuro, con la orquesta de fondo tras los intérpretes y un pasillo de suelo dorado en la mitad del escenario, atravesando la orquesta, por donde debían pasar los cantantes. Luego volvería a organizar el festival en 1988, en el teatro Cervantes de Buenos Aires, siendo presentadores en dicha ocasión Lidia Satragno y Juan Alberto Badía. La escenografía, al igual que en 1980, tiene a la orquesta de fondo, delante de una pared negra, y sobre ella, la sigla OTI en tono azul eléctrico.
Argentina participó en todas las ediciones del Festival OTI Internacional excepto en la de 1974.
Germán Díaz

Germán Díaz (Valladolid, 13 de diciembre de 1978)​ es un músico español que vive en Arneiro.​ Compositor e intérprete de zanfona, es considerado uno de los intérpretes de este instrumento más innovadores que hay en Europa​ y algunos lo han llamado «el Jimi Hendrix de la zanfona».​​ Es conocido por su fusión de música tradicional con el jazz, género en el que destacan sus colaboraciones con el bajista gallego Baldo Martínez.
Cursó estudios de música en Valladolid, especializándose en guitarra clásica; también realizó estudios de Filología Clásica en la Universidad de Valladolid y un postgrado de especialización sobre Tradición.​ Posteriormente estudió zanfona con los maestros Rafael Martín, Pascal Lefeuvre, Laurent Tixier, Isabelle Pignol, Gilles Chabenat, Nigel Eaton, Patrick Boufard, Laurence Bourdin, y Valentin Clastrier entre otros.
En 1996 ganó un concurso de canto tradicional que pomovía la Junta de Castilla y León y decidió utilizar el dinero del premio para comprar el único instrumento decente que se ajustaba a su presupuesto, una zanfona de segunda mano que vendía Carlos Beceiro, del grupo folklórico La Musgaña. Comenzó su formación con la zanfona de la mano de su tío, el etnógrafo y folklorista Joaquín Díaz, y el cantautor Amancio Prada.​ Fruto de su labor de recopilación y difusión de la música tradicional, recibió en 1999 el premio Racimo de Oro de música.
Díaz fue el único zanfonista español que perteneció a la Viellistic Orchestra, una orquesta de zanfonas francesa integrada por algunos de los mejores zanfonistas del mundo y que desaparecería en 2004. Tras la desaparición de la agrupación francesa, Germán, formó un dúo con director artístico de la orquesta, Pascal Lefeuvre, además de cofundar el Cuarteto Symphonía, y el cuarteto ibérico de zanfonas, junto con Rafael Martín, Marc Egea y Pascal Lefeuvre. Ese mismo año creó su propia discográfica, Producciones Efímeras, junto con Fernando Fuentes, prestando especial atención a los trabajos de nuevos zanfonistas.
Representó a Castilla y León en el Festival PopKomm de Berlín (Alemania) en 2005, al año siguiente fue elegido para representar a España en el 27.º Festival de la Unión Europea de Radiodifusión, celebrado en Finlandia, y en 2009 fue seleccionado por la Embajada española para representar al país en la European Jazz Nights en Oslo (Noruega). Ese mismo año recibió el premio a la mejor banda sonora en el Festival de Cortometrajes de la fila, por el corto Artículo 349.
Germán Díaz también ha compuesto bandas sonoras para cortometrajes, obras de teatro y documentales:
Jorge Cafrune

Jorge Antonio Cafrune (Perico Del Carmen, Jujuy, August 8, 1937 – Buenos Aires, February 1, 1978) was one of the most popular Argentine folklorist singers of his time, as well as an unflagging researcher, compiler, and diffuser of the native culture.
Jorge Cafrune was born in the estancia "La Matilde" of El Sunchal, Perico Del Carmen, Jujuy in a family of Syrian–Lebanese origin. He completed his secondary studies in San Salvador de Jujuy, during which he took guitar classes with Nicolás Lamadrid.
In 1957 he recorded his first album with the band Las voces de Huayra that in 1960 changed its name to Los cantores del Alba, with Ariel Ramírez as manager. Beginning in 1962, Cafrune began to perform at the Cosquin Folkloric Festival. In 1966 in one of his visits to smaller villages, he met a young folklorist singer called José Larralde.
In 1967 shown the trip "De caballo por mi patria" in homage to Chacho Peñaloza. During this trip Cafrune traveled about Argentina as had many gauchos, taking his art and message around the country.
In 1977, after several years spent living in Spain, he returned to Argentina which was ruled at the time by the military dictatorship of Jorge Rafael Videla. The government saw a menace in Cafrune's outspoken music, particularly his politically controversial song Zamba de mi esperanza. On his persistence, Cafrune said, "Although it is not in the authorized repertoire, if my people request it of me, I am going to sing it." After being run over by a van driven by two nineteen-year-old men while riding a horse in a main road at 1 am, Cafrune died within twelve hours.
Berta Elena Vidal de Battini

Berta Elena Vidal de Battini (10 July 1900 — 19 May 1984) was an Argentine linguist, educationalist, writer and folklorist, whose life achievement is 10-volume selection of the Argentine Folk Tales and Legends.
Berta de Battini was born in 1900 in San Luis, Argentina.
She attended primary and secondary school in her home town. Then, she obtained PhD in University of Buenos Aires. Later, she worked as educationalist in the field of Spanish Philology and Argentine Folklore at her alma mater.
Her scientific research started under the rule of Amado Alonso, during her scientific career she realized many trips throughout Argentina, as well Europe.
de Battini's main projects were Determinación de las regiones folklóricas del país y su contenido cultural (The Determination of country lore regions and its cultural meaning) and El español en la Argentina. El léxico (The Argentine Spanish. Lexis.).
Berta Elena Vidal de Battini died in 1984.
Cerro Colorado (Baja California)

Cerro Colorado is a mountain located in the city of Tijuana. It is one of the highest elevations within the urban area and the most iconic due to its shape and location.
Cerro Colorado is named for the characteristic reddish color of its land, which is clearly visible during the dry season. It is made up of two "hills", the one flanking the south being one of the highest elevations in Tijuana and has been considered a reference icon throughout the city's history. Until the 1980s, it was an almost unpopulated area, but starting in the 1990s, the greatest urban growth in Tijuana occurred in its surroundings and currently the urban sprawl has completely surrounded it, and even climbed its slopes to surround a quarter of its surface, leaving Cerro Colorado practically in the geographical center of the city. In 1999, radio and television stations were installed on its summit, taking advantage of its elevation.
Due to its magnificent elevation above the rest of the city, Cerro Colorado is constantly visited by those who like a good view of its surroundings. In January 2017, the "Declaration of destination for a special area of Conservation of Cerro Colorado” in order to protect it from the arrival of inhabitants on its slopes. The nature of the soil in Cerro Colorado is varied; however, materials of sedimentary origin are the most abundant, secondly, rocks of volcanic origin and finally, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Throughout the majority of the year, Cerro Colorado does not have vegetation on the southern and eastern flanks, due to the high temperatures in the region and frequent grass fires. On part of the north and west slopes, as well as on the top, chaparral vegetation typical of the region grows and is resistant to drought, such as jojoba, biznagas and other cacti, and also maintains its own fauna, such as hares, rabbits, roadrunners. , field mice, hawks, crows and rattlesnakes, this being a small ecosystem, one that is not found in other parts of the city.
The climate maintains the same average temperature as the rest of the city, although it is bathed profusely by night breezes, and has recorded occasional frosts when winter temperatures drop sufficiently. Sometimes, with the arrival of cold fronts, the top of Cerro Colorado is covered with snow or hail, which is why it occasionally whitens.
David Lebón

David Oscar Lebón (Buenos Aires, October 5, 1952) is an Argentine rock multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter of Argentine rock, long considered during the 70s and 80s the best guitar player in the country.
Born into a family of immigrants (his father was Basque-French and his mother a Russian), Lebón lived his childhood in Ituzaingó, Buenos Aires, with his father and three sisters. By age eight, he moved to the United States of America with his mother, their residence in the US coincided with the "Beatlemania", popular phenomenon which influenced on his future career as musician. He even got the chance to see them at the famous Shea Stadium Concert in 1965.
In the late '60s Lebón returned to Buenos Aires, where he was part of several rock bands throughout the '70s, playing different instruments, such as Pappo's Blues (bass and rhythm guitar), Billy Bond y La Pesada del Rock and Roll (guitar), Pescado Rabioso (vocals, bass and guitar), Color Humano (drums), Polifemo (vocals, guitar and bass), and Serú Girán (vocals and guitar), among others.
Since 1982, after his tenure in the aforementioned group Serú Girán, David Lebón has developed a stable solo career, gaining popularity as a solo artist, especially during the '80s, and also collaborating with musicians like Charly García, Luis Alberto Spinetta, Celeste Carballo or Pedro Aznar, to name just some. In 2012, the Argentine edition of Rolling Stone magazine placed him in third place on the list of the 100 best Argentine rock guitar players.
Pensa Custom Guitars

Pensa Custom Guitars is an American company that manufactures electric guitars and basses in handmade fashion. The company is based in New York City. Pensa Custom Guitars was founded by Argentine businessman Rudy Pensa.
In 1980, Mark Knopfler and Rudy Pensa met at Rudys Music Stop 48th St New York, a friendship which lasts to today. From 1984 John Suhr began creating guitars at Rudys Music Stop under the R Custom name before later building guitars carrying the Pensa-Suhr moniker. Mark Knopfler began using a number of Pensa Suhr instruments with the intention of the guitar's creation to be able to sound like both a 1961 Fender Stratocaster and a 1958 Gibson Les Paul, guitars that Knopfler played frequently on albums and on tour. Knopfler had grown tired of having to frequently switch between the Stratocaster and the Les Paul during performances, hence the need for a guitar that could sound like both. Knopfler's most famous Caramel Carve Top Pensa Suhr debuted at the 1988 Nelson Mandela concert. Some designs of the guitar were drawn on napkins at a coffee shop not far from Pensa's own place of business. Knopfler didn't like the pickup ring not matching the EMG 85 cream colour so the humbucker was mounted from the rear so a pickup ring was not needed. This served as a basis for a series of Pensa-branded handmade guitars still available from the company: the MK1 Classic Plus (bound mahogany body and neck with a 22-fret Brazilian rosewood fingerboard and carved quilted maple top, Floyd Rose locking tremolo, Gotoh tuners, black headstock, gold hardware and an active EMG pickup set with an 85 humbucking bridge pickup and two SA single-coils, master volume and master tone with switchable pull-out "presence control" mid-boost circuit); MK2 Classic (mahogany body with carved quilted maple top, Gibson scale maple neck with rosewood fingerboard, three Stratocaster single-coil pickups, studs bridge with stop tailpiece); and MK80 (Schecter Dream Machine tribute model). Knopfler would first record in the studio with the Pensa on Dire Straits' 1991 album On Every Street, and continues to use it in his shows to this day.
According to the company's website, the first electric guitar created by Rudy Pensa and John Suhr was called the "R Custom", built in 1984. Pensa and Suhr built instruments together under the brand name Pensa-Suhr. The two parted ways in March 1991 when Suhr left Pensa's workshops to work for Fender as a Senior Master Builder at the Californian company's Custom Shop and established JS Technologies, Inc. with partner Steve Smith in 1997. The name Suhr was dropped from the brand name after one year for guitars subsequently built under Pensa's stewardship.
Dawganova

Dawganova is a 1995 all-instrumental album by American musician David Grisman, recorded with his group The David Grisman Quintet. It's a unique collection of Latin rhythms and melodies inspired by the group's newest member, Argentine guitar virtuoso, Enrique Coria. Five Grisman originals are accompanied by classical Latin standards: "El Cumbanchero", "Tico Tico", "Manha de Carnaval" and the Nat "King" Cole classic "Nature Boy".
In his Allmusic review, Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated "Grisman's distinctive blend of bluegrass, folk, jazz, and, in this case, latin music is energetic and very impressive."
All songs by David Grisman unless otherwise noted.
Mack McCormick

Robert Burton "Mack" McCormick (August 3, 1930 – November 18, 2015) was an American musicologist and folklorist.
McCormick was born in 1930 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was brought up by his mother, in Alabama, Colorado, West Virginia and Texas, as she traveled to find work as a hospital technician.
He dropped out of high school to work at a ballroom in Cedar Point, Ohio, running errands for the musicians performing there. He later worked as an electrician, cook, carnival worker and taxi driver. In 1946, he met record store owner and discographer Orin Blackstone in New Orleans and began assisting him in researching and compiling Blackstone's multivolume Index to Jazz. McCormick became Texas correspondent for Down Beat in 1949. He developed an interest in blues and began traveling and researching the lives and origins of undocumented blues musicians around the country and learning about folk traditions and customs.
In the late 1950s, McCormick "discovered" and recorded Mance Lipscomb, Robert Shaw and Lightnin' Hopkins. At the 1965 Newport Folk Festival, he assembled a group of former convicts who had never performed together, and after trying but failing to get Bob Dylan to end his rehearsals with members of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, cut off Dylan's electricity supply, possibly giving rise to the apocryphal story that Pete Seeger had attempted to cut the power with an axe during Dylan's debut performance with electric guitars and keyboards.
McCormick wrote numerous magazine articles and album liner notes and assembled an extensive private archive of Texas musical history. He researched the lives of dead blues musicians, such as Robert Johnson and Henry Thomas. He began research on Johnson in 1968, while working for the Smithsonian Institution, and interviewed people who had known the musician. McCormick originally intended to publish his research as a book, Biography of a Phantom, but he never completed it, and he later said that he had lost interest in it. The book Biography of a Phantom, edited by John W. Troutman, was eventually published by Smithsonian Books in 2023.
McCormick's unfinished research with Paul Oliver on Texas blues was published in 2019 by Texas A&M University Press as The Blues Come to Texas.
McCormick died on November 18, 2015, from esophageal cancer, at the age of 85.
In 2022, it was announced that McCormick's archive, including 590 reels of sound recordings, unpublished manuscripts, photographs, playbills, booking contracts, and miscellaneous materials and ephemera concerning blues musicians would be housed at the Smithsonian’s Museum of American History.
Beginning 2023, Smithsonian Folkways began releasing some of McCormick's previously unreleased recordings as Playing for the Man at the Door: Field Recordings from the Collection of Mack McCormick, 1958–1971.
Wayne Lai

Templat:Expand Chinese
Wayne Lai Yiu-cheung (Bahasa Cina: 黎耀祥; lahir 4 Mei 1964) merupakan seorang pelakon Hong Kong TVB.
Lai memasuki TVB pada tahun 1983 sebagai sebuah Pembantu Tadbir di perniagaan Jabatan. Pada tahun 1985, beliau menyerah tugas dan dilatih di sekolah lakonan TVB. Dia berlakon dalam beberapa siri dalam tahun 1989. Beliau bermula dalam beberapa watak-watak kecil, dan mengambil sesetengah peranan yang lebih penting kemudian. Beliau telah meninggalkan TVB dan memasuki industri filem. Walaupun filem-filem yang berkos rendah, tahun ini diberikan pelbagai peranan dan pengalaman kepadanya. Beliau juga berlakon dalam dua Siri ATV.
Beliau telah mencapai banyak pujian bagi watak-watak, terutama dalam drama TVB Rosy Business mewujudkan trend yang besar di Hong Kong pada tahun 2009.
Beliau telah berkhawin dan mempunyai seorang anak.
Merah jambu

Merah jambu, merah muda, merah samar, kayas atau dadu (Inggeris: pink sempena warna kelopak beropol Dianthus plumarius) ialah warna perantara campur antara merah dan putih.
Masyarakat dunia Barat mengaitkan merah jambu dengan sifat kewanitaan sejak tahun 1940-an; sebaliknya budaya India dan Jepun menganggapnya warna jantan.
Jika anda melihat rencana yang menggunakan templat {{tunas}} ini, gantikanlah dengan templat tunas yang lebih spesifik.
Penemuan unsur kimia

Penemuan 118 unsur kimia yang diketahui wujud pada tahun 2024 dibentangkan di sini dalam susunan kronologi. Unsur-unsur disenaraikan secara amnya dalam susunan yang mana setiap unsur pertama kali ditakrifkan sebagai unsur tulen, kerana tarikh tepat penemuan kebanyakan unsur tidak dapat ditentukan dengan tepat. Terdapat rancangan untuk mensintesis lebih banyak unsur, dan tidak diketahui berapa banyak unsur yang mungkin.
Nama setiap unsur, nombor atom, tahun laporan pertama, nama penemu dan nota yang berkaitan dengan penemuan disenaraikan.
Untuk penemuan abad ke-18, sekitar masa Antoine Lavoisier mula mempersoalkan teori phlogiston, pengiktirafan "bumi" baru telah dianggap sebagai setara dengan penemuan unsur baru (seperti amalan umum ketika itu). Untuk beberapa unsur (cth. Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Zr, Mo), ini menimbulkan kesukaran lagi kerana sebatian mereka diketahui secara meluas sejak zaman pertengahan atau bahkan zaman purba, walaupun unsur-unsur itu sendiri tidak. Memandangkan sifat sebenar sebatian tersebut kadangkala hanya ditemui secara beransur-ansur, kadangkala amat sukar untuk menamakan satu penemu tertentu. Dalam kes sedemikian, penerbitan pertama mengenai kimia mereka dicatatkan, dan penjelasan yang lebih panjang diberikan dalam nota.
Герилица (светилище)

Мегалитното светилище Герилица се намира над село Рибново (Област Благоевград), в източното подножие на Селски връх (Западни Родопи) и в най-западната част на местността Герилица.
Обектът е частично проучен при теренно проучване по време на втория етап на проекта „Тракийски светилища от Западните Родопи“, организиран от Университетския научноизследователски център за древни европейски и източносредиземноморски култури, в сътрудничество с Национален археологически институт с музей при БАН – София, Народна обсерватория „Юрий Гагарин“ – Стара Загора и „Регионален етнографски музей“ гр.Пловдив.
Светилището представлява импозантна скална група със значителни размери, в североизточното подножие на които е оформена скална арка. В скалния процеп над своеобразната арка е поставен голям, грубо оформен каменен блок, който оформя втора арка над първата. Скалите на северната страна над арката, е маркирана с правоъгълен, скално изсечен жертвеник. Около сакрализираната скалата са регистрирани изкуствено оформени заравнени скални площадки върху които са разкрити керамични фрагменти. По време на теренното проучване през 2012 г. на южната страна пред скалната група е разкрит културен пласт, който е нарушен от иманярска инвазия. Екипът на проф.Васил Марков отбелязва, че дълбочината му на места достига над 1 m, а пръстта е с кафяво-черен цвят. Пластът е наситен с фрагменти от тракийска керамика – дебелостенна, изработена на ръка, груба и с много примеси, лошо изпечена с кафяво-черен цвят, като са открити и няколко фрагмента от сива керамика изработена на грънчарско колело. На около 30 m от гореописаната скална група, на друга скална площадка, намираща се до по-малка скална група, екипът открива фрагменти от керамика и част от острие на железен нож.
Мегалитното светилище е датирано най-общо в І хил. пр. Хр. То най-вероятно датира още от праисторическите времена и е преизползвано от по-късните тракийски племена.
Крайбрежие

Крайбрежието е място, където сушата среща море, океан или езеро. Тази зона представлява геоложка, географска и екологична среда. Много крайбрежни зони са покрити с множество скални частици, които образуват геоложка форма, наречена пясък.
Голяма част от населението на света живее в крайбрежни райони, отчасти, за да се възползва от морски ресурси, като рибата, но най-вече, за да участва в морската търговия с други страни, а и също така да се възползва от по-мекият, благоприятен климат. Според ООН, около 44% от хората на Земята живеят на по-малко от 150 km от морето.
Приливите често определят обхвата на отлагане на седиментите. Областите с голяма амплитуда на приливите позволяват на вълните да достигат по-навътре към крайбрежието. Тази амплитуда зависи от размера и формата на бреговата линия. Обикновено, приливите не причиняват ерозия сами по себе си, но приливните талази могат да доведат до ерозия, докато вълните навлизат нагоре по течението на речни естуари от океана.
Вълните ерозират бреговата ивица, докато се разбиват на брега, освобождавайки енергията си. Колкото е по-голяма вълната, толкова повече енергия освобождава и повече седимент измества. Крайбрежията с по-дълга брегова ивица имат повече място за абсорбиране на енергията на вълните, докато бреговете със скали имат малко място, на което да се разсеят вълните. Следователно, вълновата енергия, струпваща се върху скалите, е по-висока, а въздух и вода се набиват в скалните пукнатини, което допълнително раздробява камъка. Утайката, отложена от вълни, идва от ерозиралата фасада на скалата и се движи по бреговата линия от вълните.
Утайките, отложени от реки, са преобладаващи в общото количество утайки по крайбрежията. В днешно време обаче речните утайки често се възпират от язовирни стени или други съоръжения, създадени от човека. Също както океана, който ги оформя, крайбрежията са динамична среда, търпяща постоянна промяна. Естествени процеси на Земята, в частност покачващото се морско равнище, вълните и различни метеорологични явления, водят до ерозия, акреция и преобразуване на крайбрежията.
Крайбрежието и околните му райони, както на сушата, така и в морето, са важна част от местната екосистема: смесването на прясна с морска вода при естуарите предоставя много хранителни вещества за морския живот. Солените блата и плажовете също поддържат голямо разнообразие от растения, животни и насекоми, които са жизненоважни за хранителната верига.
Високата степен на биоразнообразие създава високо ниво на биологична активност, която привлича хората в продължение на хиляди години.
Конгломерат (геология)

Конгломератите в геологията са седиментни скали, съдържащи циментирани чакъл, пясък от различни видове скали. Характерно за конгломератите е, че съставните зърна са със заоблена форма. (Ако парчетата са ръбести скалата се нарича брекча.) Циментирането е извършено обикновено от железни оксиди, карбонати, глинест материал и по-рядко силициева киселина. Могат да бъдат образувани от разнообразни по състав скални породи.
Наличието на конгломератни слоеве в геоложките разрези показва засилена ерозия при по-старите пластове и при такива, които са близо до сушата. Конгломератите са широко разпространени в отлагания с различна възраст, особено в планинските райони и прилежащите към тях области. Те се срещат в основата на големи седиментни комплекси, натрупването на които е настъпило след периода на обширна ерозия на земната кора. Такива конгломерати се наричат базалтни. Понякога съдържат разсипен тип находища на злато, платина и други полезни изкопаеми. Най-често те са включени в циментиращото вещество.
В зависимост от местоположението на натрупания и циментиран материал конгломератите се делят на:
Пенеплен

Пенеплен (от латинското paene – „почти“ и английското plain – „равнина“) в геоморфологията и геологията представлява равнина, образувана в резултат от продължителна ерозия. Често с термина се обозначава и предпоследният етап на флувиална ерозия през времена на мащабна тектонска дейност. Пенеплените понякога се свързват с теорията на цикличната ерозия на Уилям Морис Дейвис. Пенеплените често са покрити от кора на химическо изветряне, дебелината на която може да достига десетки метри.
Съществуването на пенеплени като природен процес е съпътствано с противоречия, поради липсата на съвременни примери и непостоянност при идентифицирането на реликтовите образци. Според някои определения, пенеплените деградират до нивото на морското равнище, но в други, това условие не се споменава.
Докато за пенеплените се счита, че се образуват обикновено близо до морското равнище, също така се предполага, че пенеплените могат да се образуват на по-голяма височина, ако мащабна седиментация повдига локалната основа значително или ако речната мрежа е блокирана от тектонска деформация. Пенеплените на Пиренеите и Тибетското плато онагледяват тези два случая съответно.
Често срещано погрешно схващане за пенеплените е, че те трябва да са равни. Всъщност, някои пенеплени могат да бъдат хълмисти, тъй като отразяват неравно дълбоко изветряне.
Някои учени смятат, че пенеплените често са със смесен произход, тъй като вероятно са били оформени по време на периоди на влажен климат, както и такива на пустинен и полупустинен климат. Дългият период, през който еволюират някои пенеплени, означава различни климатични влияния. Според същите учени, морската абразия и ледниковата ерозия са сред процесите, които могат да оформят пенеплени.
Повдигането на пенеплен от основното му ниво често води до нова ерозия. Ерозията на пенеплените от ледници в щитови региони е ограничена.
Силикатизацията на повърхността на пенеплен, изложен на субтропичен или тропичен климат за достатъчно дълго време, може да го защити от ерозия.
Шабла (нос)

Ша̀бла е нос на българското черноморско крайбрежие, най-източната точка на България.
Намира се на 6 km източно от град Шабла. Бреговете му са стръмни и са с височина 8 – 10 m. През 1856 г. по френски проект е построен морски фар. Той е най-старият морски фар по българското черноморско крайбрежие. Със своите 32 m височина е и най-високият фар в страната.
Открити са останки от пристанището и вълнолома на античния град Карон Лиман.